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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland
+(3 of 6): England (7 of 9), by Raphael Holinshed
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license
+
+
+Title: Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (3 of 6): England (7 of 9)
+       Henrie the Seauenth, Sonne to Edmund Earle of Richmond,
+       Which Edmund was Brother by the Moothers Side to Henrie
+       the Sixt
+
+Author: Raphael Holinshed
+
+Release Date: May 18, 2014 [EBook #45681]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND,
+SCOTLAND AND IRELAND (3 OF 6): ENGLAND (7 OF 9) ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Richard Tonsing and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+HENRIE THE SEAUENTH,
+
+sonne to Edmund earle of Richmond, which Edmund was brother by the
+moothers side to Henrie the sixt.
+
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 1.]
+
+[Sidenote: Edward Plantagenet earle of Warwike sonne and heire to
+George duke of Clarence committed to the tower.]
+
+King Henrie hauing thus got the victorie at Bosworth, and slaine his
+mortall enimie there in the field, did send before his departure
+from Leicester, sir Robert Willoughbie knight, to the manour of
+Sheriffehuton in the countie of Yorke, for Edward Plantagenet earle of
+Warwike, sonne and heire to George duke of Clarence then being of the
+age of fiftéene yeares; whome king Richard had kept there as prisoner
+during the time of his vsurped reigne. Sir Robert Willoughbie receiuing
+the yoong earle of the constable of that castle conueied him to London
+where he was shut vp in the Tower, for doubt least some vnquiet and
+euill disposed persons might inuent some occasion of new trouble by
+this yoong gentleman: and therefore king Henrie thought good to haue
+him sure.
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie commeth to London.]
+
+There was beside him in the castell of Sheriffehuton the ladie
+Elizabeth eldest daughter to king Edward the fourth, whome king
+Richard (as ye haue heard) meant to haue married: but God otherwise
+ordeined for hir, and perserued hir from that vnlawfull copulation and
+incestuous bed. Shortlie after, she being accompanied with a great
+number as well of noblemen, as honourable matrons, was with good
+spéed conueied to London, and brought to hir moother. In the meane
+season king Henrie remooued forward by soft iournies towards London,
+the people comming in from all sides to behold him, and excéedinglie
+reioising at his presence, as by their voices and gestures it well
+appeared.
+
+At his approching néere to the citie, the maior and his brethren,
+with other worshipfull citizens, being clothed in violet, met him at
+Shordich, and reuerentlie saluted him: and so with great pompe and
+triumph he rode thorough the citie to the cathedrall church of S.
+Paule, where he offered thrée standards. In the one was the image of
+saint George, in an other was a red fierie dragon beaten vpon white and
+gréene sarcenet, and in the third was painted a dun cow vpon yellow
+tarterne. After his praiers said, and Te deum soong, he departed to the
+bishops palace, and there soiourned a season. Anon after, he assembled
+togither the sage councellors of the realme, in which councell like a
+prince of iust faith, and true of promise, to auoid all ciuill discord,
+he appointed a daie to ioine in marriage with the ladie Elizabeth,
+heire of the house of Yorke; with his noble personage, heire to the
+line of Lancaster. Which thing not onelie reioised the hearts of the
+nobles and gentlemen of the realme, but also gained the fauours and
+good wils of all the commons.
+
+[Sidenote: Henrie the seuenth crowned king.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1485.]
+
+[Sidenote: A parlement at Westminster, with an atteindor and a pardon
+generall.]
+
+After this, with great pompe he rowed vnto Westminster, & there the
+thirtith daie of October he was with all ceremonies accustomed,
+annointed, & crowned king, by the whole assent as well of the commons
+as of the nobilitie, & called Henrie the seauenth of that name: which
+was in the yeare of the world 5452, and after the birth of our Lord
+1485, in the fortie and sixt yeare of Frederike the third then emperour
+of Almaine, Maximilian his sonne being newlie elected king of the
+Romans, in the second yeare of Charles the eight then king of France,
+and in the fiue and twentith of king Iames then ruling the realme of
+Scotland. For the establishing of all things as well touching the
+preseruation of his owne estate, as the commendable administration
+of iustice and preferrement of the common wealth of his realme, he
+called his high court of parlement at Westminster the seauenth daie of
+Nouember, wherein was atteinted Richard late duke of Glocester, calling
+and naming himselfe by vsurpation, king Richard the third.
+
+Likewise there was atteinted as chéefe aiders and assistants to him
+in the battell at Bosworth, aduanced against the present king, Iohn
+late duke of Norffolke, Thomas earle of Surrie, Francis Louell knight
+vicount Louell, Walter Deuereux knight late lord Ferrers, Iohn lord
+Zouch, Robert Harrington, Richard Charleton, Richard Ratcliffe, William
+Berkeleie of Weleie, Robert Middleton, Iames Harrington, Robert
+Brakenberie, Thomas Pilkington, Walter Hopton, William Catesbie, Roger
+Wake, William Sapcote of the countie of Huntington, Humfrie Stafford,
+William Clerke of Wenlocke, Geffrie saint Germaine, Richard Watkins
+herald of armes, Richard Reuell of Derbishire, Thomas Pulter of the
+countie of Kent, Iohn Welsh otherwise called Hastings, Iohn Kendall
+late secretaire to the said Richard late duke of Glocester, Iohn Bucke,
+Andrew Rat, and William Brampton of Burford.
+
+In which atteindor neuerthelesse there were diuerse clauses and
+prouisos for the benefit of their wiues and other persons, that had
+or might claime anie right, title, or interest lawfullie vnto anie
+castels, manours, lordships, townes, towneships, honours, lands,
+tenements, rents, seruices, fée farmes, annuities, knights fées,
+aduousons, reuersions, remainders, and other hereditaments; whereof the
+said persons atteinted were possessed or seized to the vses of such
+other persons: with a speciall prouiso also, that the said atteindor
+should not be preiudiciall to Iohn Catesbie knight, Thomas Reuell,
+and William Ashbie esquiers, in, of, & vpon the manour of Kirkebie
+vpon Wretheke in the coutie of Leicester, nor in, of, and vpon anie
+other lands and tenements in Kirkebie aforesaid, Melton, Somerbie,
+Thropseghfield, and Godebie, which they had of the gift & feoffement of
+Thomas Dauers, & Iohn Lie. And further, notwithstanding this atteindor,
+diuerse of the said persons afterwards were not onelie by the king
+pardoned, but also restored to their lands and liuings.
+
+[Sidenote: The king aduanceth his fréends.]
+
+Moreouer, in this present parlement, he caused proclamation to be made,
+that all men were pardoned and acquited of their offenses, which would
+submit themselues to his mercie, and receiue an oth to be true and
+faithfull vnto him: wherevpon manie that came out of sanctuaries and
+other places were receiued to grace, and admitted for his subiects.
+After this, he began to remember his speciall fréends, of whome some
+he aduanced to honour and dignitie, and some he inriched with goods
+and possessions, euerie man according to his deserts and merits. And
+to begin, his vncle Iasper earle of Penbroke, he created duke of
+Bedford; Thomas lord Stanleie was created earle of Derbie; and the lord
+Chendew of Britaine his especiall fréend, he made earle of Bath; sir
+Giles Daubeneie was made lord Daubeneie; sir Robert Willoughbie was
+made lord Brooke. And Edward Stafford eldest sonne to Henrie late duke
+of Buckingham, he restored to his name, dignitie, & possessions, which
+by king Richard were confiscat and atteinted. Beside this, in this
+parlement was this notable act assented to and concluded as followeth;
+to the pleasure of almightie God, wealth, prosperitie, and suertie of
+this realme of England, and to the singular comfort of all the kings
+subiects of the same, in auoiding all ambiguities and questions.
+
+
+An act for the establishing of the crowne in the line of Henrie the
+seauenth.
+
+Be it ordeined, established, and enacted by this present parlement,
+that the inheritance of the crown of this realme of England, & also
+of France, with all the preheminence, and dignitie roiall to the same
+apperteining, all other seigniories to the king belonging beyond the
+sea, with the appurtenances thereto in anie wise due or apperteining,
+shall rest, remaine, and abide, in the most roiall person of our now
+souereigne lord king Henrie the seuenth, and in the heires of his bodie
+lawfullie comming, perpetuallie, with the grace of God so to indure,
+and in none other.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Sidenote: The king redéemeth his hostages.]
+
+Beside this act, all atteindors of this king enacted by king Edward
+and king Richard were adnihilated, and the record of the same iudged
+to be defaced; and all persons atteinted for his cause and occasion
+were restored to their goods, lands, and possessions. Diuerse acts also
+made in the time of king Edward and king Richard were reuoked, and
+other adiudged more expedient for the common wealth were put in their
+places and concluded. After the dissolution of this parlement, the king
+remembring his fréends left in hostage beyond the seas, that is to wit,
+the marquesse Dorset, sir Iohn Bourchier, he with all conuenient spéed
+redéemed them, and sent also into Flanders for Iohn Morton bishop of
+Elie. These acts performed, he chose to be of his councell a conuenient
+number of right graue and wise councellors.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Flem. ex subsequentib._]
+
+[Sidenote: Sée the historie of Engl[=a]d pag. 124.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sée also D. _Powels_ historie of Wales, pag. 2. and 376,
+377, &c.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sée before in Edward the fourth, pag. 302.]
+
+¶ This did he, that he might the more roiallie gouerne his kingdome,
+which he obteined and inioied as a thing by God elected and prouided,
+and by his especiall fauour and gratious aspect compassed and atchiued.
+Insomuch that men commonlie report that seauen hundred nintie & seauen
+yéeres passed, it was by a heauenlie voice reuealed to Cadwalader last
+of king Britains, that his stocke & progenie should reigne in this land
+& beare dominion againe. Wherevpon most men were persuaded in their
+owne opinion, that by this heauenlie voice he was prouided & ordeined
+long before to inioy & obteine this kingdome. Which thing K. Henrie the
+sixt did also shew before, as it were by propheticall inspiration, at
+such time as the earle of Penbroke presented the said Henrie (at that
+time a proper child) vnto Henrie the sixt, whome after he had beheld,
+and a good while viewed the comlinesse of his countenance, and orderlie
+lineaments of his bodie, he said to such péeres as stood about him: Lo,
+suerlie this is he, to whome both we and our aduersaries, leauing the
+possession of all things, shall hereafter giue roome and place: & so it
+came to passe by the appointment of God, to whose gouernement, gift,
+and disposing, all realmes and all dominions are subiect, as king Dauid
+confesseth, saieng:
+
+    Omnia sunt regno subdita regna Dei.
+
+[Sidenote: _Gu. Ha. in psal. 103._]
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie the seuenth taketh to wife Elizabeth eldest
+daughter of Edward the fourth.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1486.]
+
+[Sidenote: _In Hen. 7._]
+
+Now although by this meanes all things séemed to be brought in good and
+perfect order, yet there lacked a wrest to the harpe, to set all the
+strings in a monocord and perfect tune, which was the matrimonie to be
+finished betwéene the king and the ladie Elizabeth, daughter to king
+Edward. Which like a good prince, according to his oth, & promise, he
+did both solemnize & consummate shortlie after, that is to saie, on
+the eightéenth daie of Ianuarie. By reason of which marriage, peace
+was thought to descend out of heauen into England, considering that
+the lines of Lancaster and Yorke were now brought into one knot, and
+connexed togither, of whose two bodies one heire might succéed to rule
+and inioie the whole monarchie and realme of England, which before was
+rent and diuided into factions & partakings, whereby manie a mans life
+was lost, great spoiles made of peoples goods, wast of wealth, worship,
+and honor, all which ended in this blessed and gratious connexion,
+authorised by God, as our Anglorum prælia saith:
+
+    Hoc Deus omnipotens pacis confecerat author,
+    Ciuilísque habuit tandem contentio finem.
+
+[Sidenote: Yeomen of the gard first brought in.]
+
+Shortlie after, for the better preseruation of his roiall person, he
+constituted and ordeined a certeine number, as well of archers, as
+of diuerse other persons, hardie, strong, and actiue to giue dailie
+attendance on his person, whom he named yeomen of his gard, which
+president men thought that he learned of the French king when he was
+in France. For it is not remembered, that anie king of England before
+that daie vsed anie such furniture of dailie souldiers. ¶ In this same
+yéere a new kind of sickenes inuaded suddenlie the people of this land,
+passing through the same from the one end to the other. It began about
+the one and twentith of September, and continued vntill the latter end
+of October, being so sharpe and deadlie, that the like was neuer heard
+of to anie mans remembrance before that time.
+
+[Sidenote: The sweating sickenesse.]
+
+[Sidenote: A remedie for the sweating sickenesse.]
+
+For suddenlie a deadlie burning sweat so assailed their bodies and
+distempered their bloud with a most ardent heat, that scarse one
+amongst an hundred that sickened did escape with life: for all in
+maner as soone as the sweat tooke them, or within a short time after
+yéelded the ghost. Beside the great number which deceassed within the
+citie of London, two maiors successiuelie died within eight daies and
+six Aldermen. At length, by the diligent obseruation of those that
+escaped (which marking what things had doone them good, and holpen to
+their deliuerance, vsed the like againe.) When they fell into the same
+disease, the second or third time, as to diuerse it chanced, a remedie
+was found for that mortall maladie, which was this. If a man on the
+day time were taken with the sweat, then should he streight lie downe
+with all his clothes and garments, and continue in his sweat foure and
+twentie houres, after so moderate a sort as might be.
+
+If in the night he chanced to be taken, then should he not rise out
+of his bed for the space of foure and twentie houres, so casting
+the clothes that he might in no wise prouoke the sweat, but lie so
+temperatlie, that the water might distill out softlie of the owne
+accord, and to absteine from all meat if he might so long suffer
+hunger, and to take no more drinke neither hot nor cold, than, would
+moderatelie quench and asswage his thirstie appetite. Thus with
+lukewarme drinke, temperate heate, and measurable cloaths manie
+escaped: few which vsed this order (after it was found out) died of
+that sweat. Marie one point diligentlie aboue all other in this cure is
+to be obserued, that he neuer did put his hand or féet out of the bed
+to refresh or coole himselfe, which to doo is no lesse ieopardie than
+short and present death. Thus this disease comming in the first yeare
+of king Henries reigne, was iudged (of some) to be a token and signe of
+a troublous reigne of the same king, as the proofe partlie afterwards
+shewed it selfe.
+
+[Sidenote: The king requested a prest of six thousand markes.]
+
+[Sidenote: A parlement summoned & new lawes for the common-wealth
+enacted.]
+
+The king standing in néed of monie to discharge such debts, and to
+mainteine such port as was behouefull, sent the lord treasurer with
+maister Reginald Braie, and others, vnto the lord maior of London,
+requiring of the citie a prest of six thousand marks. Wherevpon the
+said lord maior and his brethren, with the commons of the citie,
+granted a prest of two thousand pounds, which was leiued of the
+companies, and not of the wards; and in the yeare next insuing, it was
+well and trulie againe repaid euerie penie, to the good contentation
+and satisfieng of them that disbursed it. The king considering that
+the suertie of his roiall estate and defense of the realme consisted
+chéefelie in good lawes and ordinances to be had and obserued among
+his people summoned eftsoones his high court of parlement, therein to
+deuise and establish some profitable acts and statutes, for the wealth
+and commoditie of his people.
+
+[Sidenote: The king goeth into the North.]
+
+[Sidenote: A rebellion made by the lord Louell and others.]
+
+After this, hauing set things in quiet about London, he tooke his
+iournie into the North parts, there to purge all the dregs of malicious
+treson that might rest in the hearts of vnquiet persons, and namelie in
+Yorkeshire, where the people bare more fauour vnto king Richard in his
+life time, than those of anie other part of the realme had commonlie
+doone. He kept the feast of Easter at Lincolne; where he was certified
+that the lord Louell and Humfrie Stafford, and Thomas Stafford, his
+brother, were departed out of the sanctuarie at Colchester, to what
+place or whither, no man as yet could tell. The king little regarding
+the matter, kept on his iournie, and came to Yorke, where as soone as
+he was once setled, it was openlie shewed and declared for a truth to
+the king himselfe, that Frances lord Louell was at hand with a strong
+and mightie power of men, and would with all diligence inuade the citie.
+
+[Sidenote: Humfrie Stafford.]
+
+[Sidenote: Thomas Stafford.]
+
+It was also told him, that the forenamed Staffords were in
+Worsetershire, and had raised a great band of the countrie people and
+commons there, and had cast lots what part should assault the gates,
+what men should scale the wals of the citie of Worcester, and who
+should let the passages for letting of rescues and aiders. The king
+could not beléeue this report to be true at the first, but after that,
+by letters of credence sent from his fréends, he was fullie persuaded
+that it was too true, he was put in no small feare, and not without
+great cause. For he wiselie considered, that he neither had anie
+competent armie readie, nor conuenient furniture to arme them that were
+present: and also he was in such place, where he could not assemble
+anie power, but of those whome he sore mistrusted, as fréends to them
+that were most his enimies; the memorie of king Richard as yet being
+not amongst them forgotten nor worne out of mind.
+
+[Sidenote: The duke of Bedford against the lord Louell in armes.]
+
+But bicause the matter required quicke expedition, he appointed the
+duke of Bedford with thrée thousand men not altogither the best armed
+(for their brest plates for the most part were of tanned leather) to
+march foorth against the lord Louell, and to set vpon him without anie
+lingering of time. The duke hasting forward, approched to the campe
+of his enimies, & before he would assaile them, he caused the heralds
+to make proclamation, that all those that would depart from their
+armour, and submit themselues as subiects vnto their naturall prince
+and souereigne lord, should be pardoned of all former offenses. The
+lord Louell vpon this proclamation, either putting mistrust in his
+souldiers, or fearing himselfe in his owne behalfe, fled priuilie in a
+night from his companie, and left them as a flocke of shéepe without a
+shéepeheard.
+
+[Sidenote: The lord Louell escapeth.]
+
+Which departure of the lord when his armie vnderstood, it put the
+souldiers in such despaire of atchiuing anie further enterprise, that
+they immediatlie put off their armour, and came directlie vnto the
+duke, euerie man humblie submitting himselfe, and desiring pardon of
+his offenses. So in this wise was that dangerous storme and cruell rage
+of those furious rebels appeased, which was doubted would haue growne
+to the destruction of manie a man. The lord Louell the procurer of this
+businesse, escaping awaie got him into Lancashire, and there for a
+certeine space lay lurking in secret with sir Thomas Broughton knight,
+which in those parties was a man of no small authoritie and power.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Humfrie Stafford taken out of Colnham sanctuarie, and
+executed.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 2.]
+
+Sir Humfreie Stafford also, hearing what had happened to the lord
+Louell, in great displeasure and sorrowe, and for feare left his
+enterprise, and in like manner fled, and tooke sanctuarie at Colnham,
+a village not past two miles from Abindon. But bicause that sanctuarie
+was not a sufficient defense (as was prooued before the iustices of the
+kings Bench) for traitours, he was taken from that place, & brought to
+the Tower, & after put to execution at Tiborne: but his brother Thomas
+that was with him, was pardoned, bicause he was thought not to haue
+attempted anie thing of himselfe otherwise than by the euill counsell
+and persuasion of his elder brother. After that the king had quieted
+all these commotions and tumults, and reformed the rude and brabling
+people of the North parts, he returned to London.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex Epitome Rich. Grafton._]
+
+[Sidenote: One of the maiors officers chosen shiriffe of L[=o]don and
+lord maior.]
+
+¶ In this yeare Iohn Persiuall, one of the maior of Londons officers,
+and his caruer, was chosen one of the shiriffes of London. For when the
+maior (as the custome of London is) dooth elect one of the shiriffes of
+London for the yeare insuing, by taking and drinking a cup of wine to
+such a one as he lust to name shiriffe; the maior for the time being,
+whose name was sir Henrie Collet, tooke the cup of wine, and dranke
+vnto the aforesaid Iohn Persiuall his caruer standing bareheaded before
+him, and waiting vpon his boord, and called him shiriffe of London
+for the yeare insuing: and foorthwith the said maior caused the same
+Persiuall to sit downe at his owne table, and to couer his head. And
+the same Persiuall tooke vpon him the office of shiriualtie, and after
+was maior of London, and was made knight.
+
+In this meane time, of a small matter, and the same altogither false
+and fained, there was an open path made and beaten foorth, for a
+greater inconuenience to insue. The which matter might séeme verie
+strange, how such trouble and mischéefe should grow thereof, if the
+time were not considered, in which it happened. For in those daies
+manie persons, either borne in the wombe of continuall dissention, or
+nourished with the milke of ciuill sedition, could not forbeare their
+vsuall custome of moouing strife, and sowing debate, euer glad to haue
+anie occasion, though neuer so small, to stirre vprores of warre, and
+slaughter of people. Which men if they knew (a matter of weightie
+conceipt) the hurts thereof, they would be as earnest in séeking after
+peace as they are gréedie in pursuit of warre, speciallie ciuill
+warre: but the cause whie they are defectiue therein, is the want of
+méekenesse and humilitie, as the wiseman saith:
+
+    Mite cor horribili seditione vacat.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Richard Simond a fraudulent préest. Lambert Simenell the
+counterfeit earle of Warwike.]
+
+Amongst other such monsters and limmes of the diuell, there was one
+sir Richard Simond préest, a man of base birth, and yet well learned,
+but not so learned as wilie, nor so wilie as vngratious, delighting in
+fraud & deceit, euen from his youth. He had a scholer called Lambert
+Simenell, one of a gentle nature and pregnant wit, to be the organe and
+chéefe instrument, by the which he might conueie and bring to passe his
+mischéeuous attempt. The diuell chéefe master of such practises, put in
+the venemous braine of this disloiall and traitorous préest to deuise
+how he might make his scholer the foresaid Lambert to be reputed as
+right inheritour to the crowne of this realme: namelie, for that the
+fame went that king Edwards children were not dead but fled secretlie
+into some strange place, and there to be liuing: and that Edward earle
+of Warwike, sonne and heire to the duke of Clarence, either was, or
+shortlie should be put to death.
+
+These rumors though they séemed not to be grounded of anie likelihood
+to the wiser sort of men, yet incouraged this péeuish priest to thinke
+the time come, that his scholer Lambert might take vpon him the person
+and name of one of king Edwards children. And herevpon at Oxford, where
+their abiding was, the said préest instructed his pupill both with
+princelie behauiour, ciuill maners, and good literature, declaring to
+him of what linage he should affirme himselfe to be descended, and
+omitted nothing that might serue for his purpose. Soone after, the
+rumor was blowne abroad, that the earle of Warwike was broken out of
+prison. And when the préest sir Richard Simond heard of this, he
+streight intended now by that occasion to bring his inuented purpose to
+passe, and changing the childes name of baptisme, called him Edward,
+after the name of the yoong earle of Warwike, the which were both of
+like yeares, and of like stature.
+
+[Sidenote: Thomas Gerardine chancellor of Ireland interteineth the
+counterfeit earle verie honorablie.]
+
+Then he with his scholer sailed into Ireland, where he so set foorth
+the matter vnto the nobilitie of that countrie, that not onelie the
+lord Thomas Gerardine chancellor of that land deceiued though his
+craftie tale, receiued the counterfeit earle into his castell with all
+honour and reuerence; but also manie other noble men determined to aid
+him (with all their powers) as one descended of the bloud roiall and
+lineallie come of the house of Yorke, which the Irish people euermore
+highlie fauoured, honoured, and loued aboue all other. By this meanes
+euerie man through out all Ireland was willing and readie to take his
+part, and to submit themselues to him; alreadie reputing and calling
+him of all hands king. So that now they of this sect (by the aduise of
+the préest) sent into England certeine priuie messengers to get fréends
+héere.
+
+[Sidenote: Margaret the duchesse of Burgognie sister to king Edward the
+fourth, hir malicious mind to Lancaster house.]
+
+Also they sent into Flanders to the ladie Margaret, sister to king
+Edward, & late wife to Charles duke of Burgognie, to purchase aid and
+helpe at hir hands. This ladie Margaret bare no small rule in the low
+countries, and in verie déed sore grudged in hir heart, that king
+Henrie (being descended of the house of Lancaster) should reigne and
+gouerne the realme of England: and therefore though she well vnderstood
+that this was but a coloured matter; yet to worke hir malicious
+intention against king Henrie, she was glad to haue so fit an occasion:
+and therfore promised the messengers all the aid that she should be
+able to make in furtherance of the quarell; and also to procure all the
+fréends she could in other places, to be aiders and partakers of the
+same conspiracie.
+
+[Sidenote: A generall pardon excepting no off[=e]se.]
+
+[Sidenote: Order taken that the yoong earle of Warwike should be shewed
+abroad.]
+
+King Henrie aduertised of all these dooings, was greatlie vexed
+therewith: and therefore to haue good aduise in the matter, he
+called togither his councell at the Charterhouse beside his manor of
+Richmond, and there consulted with them, by which means best this
+begun conspiracie might be appeased and disappointed without more
+disturbance. It was therefore determined, that a generall pardon should
+be published to all offendors that were content to receiue the same.
+This pardon was so fréelie granted that no offense was excepted, no not
+so much as high treason committed against the kings roiall person. It
+was further agréed in the same councell for the time then present, that
+the earle of Warwike should personallie be shewed abroad in the citie,
+and other publike places: whereby the vntrue report falselie spred
+abroad, that he should be in Ireland, might be among the communaltie
+prooued and knowne for a vaine imagined lie.
+
+[Sidenote: Ladie Elizabeth late wife to king Edward the fourth,
+adiudged to forfeit all hir lands for promise-breaking.]
+
+In this solemne councell, diuerse & manie things for the wealth of the
+realme were debated and concluded. And among other it was determined,
+that the ladie Elizabeth wife to king Edward the fourth, should loose
+and forfeit all hir lands and possessions, bicause she had voluntarilie
+submitted hir selfe and hir daughters wholie to the hands of king
+Richard, contrarie to hir promise made to the lords and nobles of this
+realme in the beginning of the conspiracie made against king Richard,
+whereby she did inough to haue quailed all the purpose of them that
+ioined with hir in that matter. But though hir fault was gréeuous,
+yet was it iudged by some men that she deserued not by equitie of
+iustice so great a losse and punishment. Howbeit, this iudgement was
+altogether affectionate and parciall in hir behalfe; besides that it
+was reasonable in great measure (all circumstances considered) for she
+was not lightlie induced to doo as she did, neither stood it with the
+frailtie of a woman to withstand the temptations of a mightie man, or
+rather a reaching tyrant.
+
+[Sidenote: Quéenes Colledge in Cambridge founded by the ladie Elizabeth
+king Edward the fourth his wife.]
+
+But such was hir chance by hir lightnesse and inconstancie, that she
+wan the displeasure of manie men, and for that cause liued after in
+the abbeie of Bermondseie beside Southwarke a wretched and a miserable
+life, where not manie yeares after she deceassed and is buried with
+hir husband at Windsore. Though fortune thus ruleth manie things
+at hir plesure, yet one worke that this quéene accomplished cannot
+be forgotten: for in the life time of hir husband king Edward the
+fourth, she founded and erected a notable colledge in the vniuersitie
+of Cambridge, for the finding of scholers and students of the same
+vniuersitie, and endowed it with sufficient possessions for the long
+maintenance of the same, which at this daie is called the Quéenes
+colledge.
+
+[Sidenote: Edward the right earle of Warwike shewed openlie in
+procession.]
+
+When all things in this counsell were sagelie concluded and agréed to
+the kings mind, he returned to London; giuing in commandement, that
+the next sundaie insuing, Edward the yoong earle of Warwike should be
+brought from the Tower through the most publike stréets in all London,
+to the cathedrall church of saint Paule, where he went openlie in
+procession, that euerie man might sée him, hauing communication with
+manie noble men, and with them especiallie that were suspected to be
+partakers of the late begun conspiracie; that they might perceiue how
+the Irishmen vpon a vaine shadowe mooued warre against the king and
+his realme. But this medicine little auailed euill disposed persons.
+For the earle of Lincolne sonne to Iohn de la Poole duke of Suffolke,
+and Elizabeth sister to king Edward the fourth, thought it not méet to
+neglect and omit so readie an occasion of new trouble.
+
+[Sidenote: An ill matter followed to the proofe.]
+
+Wherefore they determined to vphold the enterprise of the Irishmen, and
+other complices of this conspiracie; so that consulting with sir Thomas
+Broughton, and certeine other of his most trustie fréends, he purposed
+to saile into Flanders to his aunt the ladie Margaret duchesse of
+Burgognie, trusting by hir helpe to make a puissant armie, and to ioine
+with the companions of the new raised sedition. Therefore after the
+dissolution of the parlement which then was holden, he fled secretlie
+into Flanders vnto the said ladie Margaret; where Francis lord Louell
+landed certeine daies before. Héere after long consultation had how to
+procéed in their businesse, it was agréed, that the earle of Lincolne,
+and the lord Louell should go into Ireland; and there to attend vpon
+the duchesse hir counterfeit nephue, and to honor him as a king, and
+with the power of the Irishmen to bring him into England.
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Lincolnes flight into Flanders doubted of king
+Henrie.]
+
+Now they concluded, that if their dooings had successe, then the
+foresaid Lambert (misnamed the earle of Warwike) should by consent of
+the councell be deposed, and Edward the true earle of Warwike deliuered
+out of prison and annointed king. King Henrie supposing that no man
+would haue béene so mad as to haue attempted anie further enterprise in
+the name of that new found & counterfeit earle, he onelie studied how
+to subdue the seditious conspiracie of the Irishmen. But hearing that
+the earle of Lincolne was fled into Flanders, he was somwhat mooued
+therewith, and caused soldiors to be put in a readinesse out of euerie
+part of his realme, and to bring them into one place assigned, that
+when his aduersaries should appeare, he might suddenlie set vpon them,
+vanquish and ouercome them.
+
+[Sidenote: The marques Dorset committed to the Tower.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1487.]
+
+[Sidenote: Martine Sward a valient capteine of the Almains, assistant
+to the earle of Lincolne.]
+
+Thus disposing things for his suertie, he went towards S. Edmunds
+burie, and being certified that the marquesse Dorset was comming
+towards his maiestie, to excuse himselfe of things that he was
+suspected to haue doone when he was in France, he sent the earle of
+Oxford to arrest the said marques by the waie, and to conueie him
+to the Tower of London, there to remaine till his truth might be
+tried. From thence the K. went foorth to Norwich, and tarrieng there
+Christmasse daie, he departed after to Walsingham, where he offered to
+the image of our ladie, and then by Cambridge he shortlie returned to
+London. In which meane time, the earle of Lincolne had gotten togither
+by the aid of the ladie Margaret about two thousand Almains, with one
+Martine Sward, a valiant and noble capteine to lead them.
+
+[Sidenote: The counterfeit earle of Warwike with all his abherents
+landeth in England.]
+
+With this power the earle of Lincolne sailed into Ireland, and at the
+citie of Diuelin caused yoong Lambert to be proclaimed and named king
+of England, after the most solemne fashion, as though he were the verie
+heire of the bloud roiall lineallie borne and descended. And so with a
+great multitude of beggerlie Irishmen, almost all naked and vnarmed,
+sauing skains and mantels, of whome the lord Thomas Gerardine was
+capteine and conductor, they sailed into England with this new found
+king, and landed for a purpose at the pile of Fowdreie, within a little
+of Lancaster, trusting there to find aid by the meanes of sir Thomas
+Broughton, one of the chéefe companions of the conspiracie.
+
+The king had knowledge of the enimies intent before their arriuall,
+and therefore hauing assembled a great armie (ouer the which the duke
+of Bedford, and the earle of Oxenford were chéefe capteins) he went
+to Couentrie, where he was aduertised, that the earle of Lincolne was
+landed at Lancaster with his new king. Héere he tooke aduise of his
+councellors what was best to be doone, whether to set on the enimies
+without further delaie, or to protract time a while. But at length
+it was thought best to delaie no time but to giue them battell,
+before they should increase their power, and therevpon he remooued to
+Notingham, & there by a little wood called Bowres, he pitched his field.
+
+[Sidenote: K. Henries power soone increased.]
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Lincolne entreth Yorkeshire.]
+
+Shortlie after this came to him the lord George Talbot earle of
+Shrewesburie, the lord Strange, sir Iohn Cheinie, right valiant
+capteins, with manie other noble and expert men of warre, namelie
+of the countries néere adioining; so that the kings armie was
+woonderfullie increased. In this space the earle of Lincolne being
+entered into Yorkeshire, passed softlie on his iournie without spoiling
+or hurting of anie man, trusting thereby to haue some companie of
+people resort vnto him. But after he perceiued few or none to follow
+him, and that it was too late now to returne backe, he determined to
+trie the matter by dint of sword, and herevpon directed his waie from
+Yorke to Newarke vpon Trent.
+
+[Sidenote: The battell of Stoke.]
+
+But before he came there, king Henrie knowing all his enimies purposes,
+came the night before the daie of the battell to Newarke; and tarrieng
+there a little, went thrée miles further, and pitching his field,
+lodged there that night. The earle of Lincolne certified of his
+comming, was nothing abashed, but kept still on his iournie; and at a
+little village called Stoke, nigh to the king and his armie, set downe
+his campe. The next daie the king diuided his whole power into thrée
+battels, and after in good arraie approched nigh to the towne of Stoke.
+The earle likewise set foorth his armie, and incountring with the kings
+people in a faire plaine there, méet for the triall of such a conflict,
+set vpon them with a manlie courage, desiring his soldiors to remember
+his honour and their owne liues.
+
+[Sidenote: The armies ioine.]
+
+[Sidenote: Martine Sward a péerlesse warrior.]
+
+Then both the armies ioined and fought verie earnestlie, in so much
+that the Almains, being tried and expert men of warre, were in all
+things, as well in strength as policie, equals and matches to the
+Englishmen. But as for Martine Sward their coronell, few of the
+Englishmen, either in valiant courage, or strength, and nimblenesse of
+bodie was to him comparable. On the other side, the Irishmen, although
+they fought manfullie, and stucke to it valiantlie; yet bicause they
+were (after the maner of their countrie) almost naked, without anie
+conuenable furniture of armour, they were striken downe and slaine like
+dull & brute beasts, which was a great discouragement to the residue of
+the companie. Thus they fought for a space so sore and so egerlie on
+both parts, that no man could well iudge to whome the victorie was like
+to incline.
+
+[Sidenote: The kings power ouercommeth.]
+
+[Sidenote: All the capteins of the aduerse part against the king
+slaine.]
+
+But at length the kings fore-ward being full of people, and well
+fortified with wings, which onelie both began and continued the fight,
+set vpon the aduersaries with such force and violence, that first they
+oppressed and killed such capiteins, one by one, as resisted their
+might and puissance: and after that, put all the other to flight, the
+which were either apprehended as prisoners in their running awaie, or
+else slaine and brought vnto confusion in a small moment. Now when
+this battell was ended, and fought out to the extremitie, then it
+well appeared, what high prowesse, what manfull stomachs, what hardie
+and couragious hearts rested in the kings aduersaries. For there the
+chéefe capteins, the earle of Lincolne, and the lord Louell, sir
+Thomas Broughton, Martine Sward, and the lord Gerardine capteine of
+the Irishmen were slaine, and found dead in the verie places which they
+had chosen aliue to fight in, not giuing one foot of ground to their
+aduersaries.
+
+[Sidenote: The number of the slaine that were against the king.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lambert and his maister Simond tak[=e].]
+
+Howbeit some affirme, that the lord Louell tooke his horsse, and would
+haue fled ouer Trent, but was not able to recouer the further side for
+the highnesse of the banke, and so was drowned in the riuer. There
+were killed at that battell, with their fiue capteins before rehersed,
+of that partie about foure thousand. Of the kings part there were
+not halfe of them which fought in the fore-ward, and gaue the onset
+slaine or hurt. Then was Lambert the yoongling, which was falslie
+reported to be the sonne of the duke of Clarence, and his maister sir
+Richard Simond priest both taken, but neither of them put to death;
+bicause that Lambert was but an innocent, and of yeares insufficient
+of himselfe to doo any such enterprise; and the other was pardoned of
+life, bicause he was a priest, and annointed man; but yet was committed
+to perpetuall prison.
+
+[Sidenote: Morton bishop of Elie made archbishop of Canturburie and
+chancellor of England.]
+
+Lambert was at length made one of the kings falconers, after that he
+had béene a turnebroch for a space in the kings kitchen. This battell
+was fought on a saturdaie being the sixtéenth daie of Iune, in this
+second yéere of his reigne. In this yéere died Thomas Bourchier
+archbishop of Canturburie: and Iohn Morton bishop of Elie; a man of
+excellent learning, vertue and policie, succéeded in his place, whom
+Alexander pope of Rome, the sixt of that name, created a cardinall, and
+the king created him also chancellor of England. Of which pope (hauing
+so conuienient a place to speake) it were a fault to omit the ambition,
+accompanied with other disorders vnbeséeming a successor of Peter (but
+neither personallie nor locallie) as all the brood of them brag of
+themselues, & will be intituled with a primasie, vsurped.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex Guic. pag 4, 5._]
+
+[Sidenote: Creation of pope Alexander the sixt, otherwise called
+Roderike Borgia borne at Venice.]
+
+[Sidenote: Corruption of Cardinals in the election of the pope.]
+
+¶ This Alexander the sixt pope of that name, was sometime an ancient
+cardinall, and one of the greatest in all the court of Rome. One meane
+that raised him to the seat of the pope, was the difference betwéene
+the cardinals Ascanius Sforce, and Iulian S. Petri ad Vincula: but the
+chiefest thing that accomplished his election, was, that with a new
+example for that time, he bought by the consent and knowledge of euerie
+one, partlie for monie, and partlie with promises of offices and great
+dignities, manie voices of the cardinals, who reiecting the instruction
+of the gospell, were not ashamed to passe to him by sale, an authoritie
+and power to make merchandize of the holie tresures, & that with the
+name of the celestiall authoritie in the most high part of the temple.
+
+To which abhominable & too prophane negotiation manie of them were
+induced by the cardinall Ascanius, but that was not more with
+persuasions and sutes, than with his example: for that being corrupted
+with the infinit desire of riches, he made the pope promise him
+for his hire and recompense of so great wickednesse, the office of
+vicechancellorship (the principallest place in the court of Rome)
+togither with benefices, castels, and his palace of Rome full of
+mooueables of great valour. But the pope for all this could not auoid;
+neither for the time to come, the iudgment and iuistice of God; nor
+for the present, the infamie and iust hate of men, in whom for this
+election was no small impressions of astonishment and horror, not
+onelie for that it was intangled with meanes dishonest, but also
+bicause the natures and conditions of the man chosen, were (for the
+greatest part) knowen to manie.
+
+[Sidenote: Pope Alexander the sixt corrupted with manie vices.]
+
+Manie sentences and coniectures were made of his successe. And amongst
+other, Ferdinand king of Naples, dissembling openlie the griefe he
+had of that election, signified to the quéene his wife with teares
+(which he was woont to forbeare euen in the death of his children)
+that there was created a pope who wold be most hurtfull to Italie,
+and the whole common weale of Christendome. A iudgement not vnworthie
+of the wisedome of such a prince: for that in Alexander the sixt (for
+so would this new pope be called) was a subtiltie, sharpenesse, and
+expedition of wit most singular, a counsell excellent, a woonderfull
+efficacie in persuasion, and in all great affaires a iudgement and care
+incredible. But these vertues were maruellouslie defaced by his vices,
+for touching his maners and customes, they were verie dishonest, in his
+administrations he expressed little sinceritie, in his countenance no
+shame, in his words small truth, in his heart little faith, and in his
+opinion lesse religion. Of the contrarie all his actions were defiled
+with an insatiable couetousnesse, and immoderate ambition, a barbarous
+crueltie, and a burning desire to raise and make great (by what meanes
+soeuer) his children, who were manie in number; and amongst others, one
+no lesse detestable than the father, to whose cursed counsels he became
+a wicked instrument. Thus much (by waie of digression) of Alexander,
+a pope (as you heare) well qualified, and therefore forward enough to
+creat cardinals both in England and elsewhere of like disposition. But
+to returne to the storie.
+
+[Sidenote: Thanks giuen to God after victorie.]
+
+[Sidenote: Execution vpon the offendors.]
+
+After that the king had got the vpper hand of his enimies, he remooued
+to Lincolne, and there taried thrée dais, causing euerie of the same
+daies solemne processions to be made in rendering thanks to God for
+his fortunate victorie. Then caused he execution to be done, of such
+rebels & traitors as were taken in the field, either at the battell,
+or in the chase. And shortlie after he went into Yorkeshire, & there
+coasted the countrie ouerthwart, searching out such as had aided his
+enimies and were thought to be seditious persons, whome he punished,
+some by imprisonment, some by fines, and some by death: according to
+the qualitie of their offenses, and as was thought most expedient [not
+by extremitie of rigor inclining to tyrannie, but by due moderation of
+iustice tempering execution with clemencie; according to the good rule
+of iustice prescribed by the wise man, saieng:
+
+    Sobria commissum plectat elementia crimen,
+    Parua negat poenam culpa subire grauem.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Gu. Fla. in eccle. cap. 10._]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 3]
+
+[Sidenote: Fox bishop of Excester sent ambassador into Scotland.]
+
+[Sidenote: A truce with Scotland for seuen yeares.]
+
+About the middest of August entering into the third yere of his reigne,
+he came to Newcastell vpon Tine, and from thence sent in ambassage into
+Scotland Richard Fox, latelie before made bishop of Execster, and with
+him Richard Edgecombe knight, controller of his house, to conclude some
+peace or truce with king Iames of Scotland. The English ambassadors
+were honorablie receiued, and louinglie interteined of the said king,
+who gladlie would haue concluded a perpetuall peace with the king of
+England, if he might haue bene licenced so to haue doone: but his
+people being stedfast in their old accustomed vsage, would not agrée
+to anie peace, but yet were contented to gratifie their king that he
+should take truce with England for the tearme of seuen yeares, which
+was concluded.
+
+Then was secret promise made by king Iames, that he would not onlie
+obserue peace, & continue in perfect amitie with the king of England
+during his life, but also would renew againe this truce new taken for
+other seuen yéers, before the first seuen yéers were fullie expired.
+The king of Scots indéed was as desirous of the king of Englands
+friendship, as the king of England was of his: bicause that his
+subiects bare him much euill will, misliking with all things that
+either he could doo or saie. [So that his regiment was no longer liked,
+than they were in a good mood, which was when they were well minded;
+and that was neuer: for that if by gentlenesse he allured them, they
+estéemed him a flatterer; if by seueritie, a tyrant. And therefore it
+stood him vpon to strengthen himselfe against such a people, of whose
+pleasure & displeasure depended his estate.]
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie returneth out of the north countrie.]
+
+[Sidenote: The French kings request for aid against Fr[=a]cis duke of
+Britaine.]
+
+K. Henrie after the returne of his ambassadors out of Scotland, came
+from Newcastell to Yorke, and so toward London, and in the way being
+at Leicester, there came to him ambassadors from Charles the French
+king, which declared both the recouerie of certeine townes out of the
+hands of Maximilian king of Romans, which he had wrongfullie deteined
+from the crowne of France before that time; and also that their maister
+king Charles had now wars in hand against Francis duke of Britaine,
+bicause that he succoured and mainteined diuers noble men, as the duke
+of Orleance and others, that were rebels and traitors, against him
+and the realme of France. Wherefore his request was, that for the old
+familiaritie that had bene betwixt them, he would either assist and
+helpe him, or else stand neuter betwixt them, neither helping nor yet
+hurting the one nor the other.
+
+Vpon good and deliberate aduise taken in this matter, bicause it was
+iudged weightie, the king for answer told the French ambassadors, that
+he would neither spare paine nor cost, to set some reasonable staie
+betwixt their souereigne lord king Charles, and the duke of Britaine:
+so that a finall end and some perfect conclusion of friendship might
+be had betwixt them. And so as soone as the French ambassadors were
+returned home, the king sent his chapleine Christopher Urswike ouer
+into France to king Charles, as well to shew that he was glad of
+the victorie which he had against Maximilian; as to declare what a
+tempestuous storme of ciuill rebellion himselfe had escaped & ouercome
+héere in England.
+
+[Sidenote: King Henries offer to make an attonement betwixt the French
+king and the duke.]
+
+[Sidenote: Christopher Urswike.]
+
+But the chiefest point of Urswikes errand consisted in this, that
+he should intimate to the French king, how his maister king Henrie
+offered himselfe as a mediator betwixt him and the duke of Britaine,
+to make them friends: and if he perceiued that the French king gaue
+eare herevnto, then should he go into Britaine, to mooue the duke
+there to be contented, that some reasonable order might be taken for a
+quietnesse to be had betwixt the French king and him. Whilest Urswike
+was trauelling in this matter (according to his commission) the king
+came backe againe to London, where he was receiued of the citizens with
+great ioy and triumph, they being heartlie glad and greatlie reioising
+that he with such good successe had subdued his enimies.
+
+[Sidenote: The marques Dorset deliuered out of the Tower.]
+
+[Sidenote: The kings loue to his wife quéene Elizabeth.]
+
+Shortlie after, he deliuered the lord Thomas marques Dorset out of the
+Tower, receiuing him againe to his former fauor and old familiaritie:
+bicause his truth and loialtie by diuerse assaies and sundrie arguments
+had béene throughlie tried, and sufficientlie prooued. In which meane
+time, the king for the great loue that he bare to his wife quéene
+Elizabeth, caused hir to be crowned and anointed quéene on saint
+Katharins day in Nouember, with all solemnitie, as in such cases
+apperteineth. In the meane season Christopher Urswike (according to his
+commission) trauelled betwéene the French king and the duke of Britaine
+in the king of Englands Name to make them friends. But although the
+French king séemed willing enough to haue peace, yet meant he nothing
+lesse. For he had as manie subtilties in his heart, as there be faces
+in the world, according to the poet.
+
+    Pectoribus fraudes tot sunt quot in orbe figuræ.
+
+[Sidenote: The duke of Orleance partaker with the duke of Britaine.]
+
+For whilest he went about with faire words, courteous letters, and
+swéet promises to beare the king of England in hand to labour a peace
+betwixt him and the Britains, he inforced his whole puissance to subdue
+them, and besieged the citie of Nants. And on the other part, the duke
+of Orleance being withdrawne to the duke of Britaine, and one that
+ruled most about him, had no liking to heare of peace, but did what he
+could to hinder it. The English ambassador Christopher Urswike (hauing
+thus passed from the French king to the duke of Britaine, and backe
+againe to the French king) returned shortlie after into England, and
+shewed vnto king Henrie what he had doone betwixt them.
+
+Immediatlie after came to the French king the lord Bernard Daubeneie
+a Scot borne, which on the French kings behalfe required K. Henrie
+to make some maner of end of those Brittish warres, whatsoeuer it
+were. King Henrie being desirous of the same, sent ouer againe into
+France, Iohn the abbat of Abingdon, sir Richard Edgecombe knight, and
+the forenamed Christopher Urswike, with full and perfect commission &
+long instructions how to procéed, in driuing of some agréement betwixt
+the Frenchmen and the Britons. These orators (according as they had
+in commandement) first went vnto the French king, and after they had
+communed with him, sir Richard Edgecombe, and Christopher Urswike
+departed streight to the duke of Britaine, in full hope to conclude a
+peace, vpon such offers and articles as they had to propone vnto him.
+
+[Sidenote: 1488.]
+
+[Sidenote: Edward lord Wooduile aideth the duke of Britaine without the
+kings c[=o]sent.]
+
+But all their hope was vaine, for the duke refused to agrée vpon anie
+such articles and conditions as they offered; and so without concluding
+anie thing with the duke, they returned backe into France; and from
+thence signified to the king of England by letters all that they knew,
+or had doone. But in the meane time, Edward lord Wooduile, vncle to the
+quéene, sued to king Henrie that he might haue a power of men appointed
+to him, with the which he would steale priuilie ouer without licence
+or passeport, so that euerie man should thinke that he was fled the
+realme, without knowledge of the king, for that no warre should arise
+by his meanes betwixt the realmes of France and England, and yet should
+the duke of Britaine be aided against the power of the Frenchmen, which
+sought to vanquish him, that they might ioine his countrie vnto the
+dominion of France: which in no wise ought to be suffered, considering
+what annoiance & hurt the same might bring to the realme of England in
+time to come.
+
+[Sidenote: Lord Wooduile gathereth a power in the Ile of wight.]
+
+Although this request was vtterlie denied, and that the lord Wooduile
+was streightlie commanded by the king to make no such attempt; yet
+could not all that staie him, but that withdrawing him into the Ile
+of Wight, whereof he was made ruler and capteine, he there gathered
+togither a crue of tall & hardie personages, to the number of 400, &
+with prosperous wind & weather arriued in Britaine, and ioined himselfe
+with the Britons against the Frenchmen. The French king aduertised
+herof, was not well plesed in his mind towards the king of England;
+till K. Henrie by new messengers informed him how guiltlesse he was
+in the matter, and that by plaine and euident proofes. With the which
+excuse the French king séemed to be the better pacified, and was
+content to dissemble the matter.
+
+[Sidenote: The league renewed betwéene England and France.]
+
+[Sidenote: The king calleth a parlement.]
+
+Then the English ambassadors, renewing the league and amitie betwixt
+king Henrie & the French king, for the space of twelue moneths, they
+returned into England, and shewed the king all things that they had
+either heard or séene; so that he perceiued that the French king dealt
+craftilie in this matter of Britaine, still motioning peace when he
+meant nothing else but warre. He therefore called his high court of
+parlement, in the which it was not onelie determined that the duke of
+Britaine should be aided with a power of men against the wrongfull
+inuasions of the Frenchmen, but also there were diuerse summes of
+monie granted to the furnishing foorth and maintenance of the same.
+And immediatlie herevpon, the king sent his ambassadors into France to
+certifie the French king what the estates assembled in parlement here
+in England had decréed.
+
+[Sidenote: A peremptorie ambassage out of England into France.]
+
+Wherefore he required him either to surceasse the warres which he
+had in hand against the Britons, or else not to be gréeued though he
+condescended to the iudgement and determination of the lords both
+spirituall and temporall, and commons of his realme, in taking vpon him
+the defense of the duke of Britaine; promising neuerthelesse that the
+English armie should onelie take land within the duchie of Britaine,
+and séeke to defend the same against all those that did inuade it, and
+not to make anie warre within the French dominions. This message was
+nothing regarded of the French king, in so much that the French armie
+procéeded in oppressing the Britons, destroieng the countrie, and
+besieging townes.
+
+[Sidenote: The battell of saint Aulbin in Britaine, betwéene the duke
+of Britaine and the French king.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lord Wooduile slaine.]
+
+At length on the seuen and twentith, or (as the chronicles of Aniou
+haue) the eight and twentith daie of Iulie, the duke of Britains armie
+gaue battell to the French host néere to a towne called saint Aulbin,
+hauing apparelled a thousand and seuen hundred of the Britons in coates
+with red crosses, after the English fashion, to make the Frenchmen
+beléeue that they had a great number of Englishmen, although they had
+but foure hundred onelie with the lord Wooduile. The victorie in this
+battell fell to the Frenchmen, so that almost all the Englishmen were
+slaine with the lord Wooduile, beside six thousand Britons. The duke
+of Orleance and the prince of Orainge were taken prisoners, which were
+there on the Britons part. The Frenchmen lost twelue hundred men, and
+amongst other, that valiant Italian capteine Iames Galeot.
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie sendeth foorth his armie against the French.]
+
+These newes being brought into England, caused king Henrie to make
+hast in sending foorth his armie, and therefore was the lord Brooke,
+with sir Iohn Cheinie, sir Iohn Middleton, sir Rafe Hilton, sir
+Richard Corbet, sir Thomas Leighton, sir Richard Laton, and sir Edmund
+Cornewall sent ouer into Britaine with all conuenient spéed, hauing
+with them an eight thousand men, well armed and furnished in warlike
+wise, to aid the duke of Britaine against the Frenchmen. These lustie
+capteins being arriued in Britaine, after they had a little refreshed
+them, marched forward, and comming néere to their enimies, pitched
+downe their field, not farre from the Frenchmens campe.
+
+[Sidenote: When the French be inuincible.]
+
+[Sidenote: Francis duke of Britaine dieth.]
+
+The Frenchmen by experience knowing the Englishmen (so long as they be
+fresh and lustie) in maner to be inuincible, thought not good to match
+with them in open battell, till they were somewhat wearied lieng and
+lingering abroad in the field. And therefore at the first they sought
+to wearie them with light skirmishes, appointing their horssemen to
+giue them alarmes, & some skirmishes; in the which the Frenchmen, by
+reason of the English archers (which galled both men and horsses) were
+euer put to the worsse. But behold the mutabilitie of worldlie chances!
+Whiles this warre was thus set forward, Francis duke of Britaine
+departed this life, & then the chéefe rulers of Britaine, falling
+at dissention among themselues, tendered not the defense of their
+countrie, but rather minded the destruction thereof.
+
+[Sidenote: The duchie of Britaine incorporated to the realme of France.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Iohn Stow._]
+
+[Sidenote: The birth of prince Arthur.]
+
+Herevpon the Englishmen, perceiuing in what danger they were, and
+considering that it was in the middest of winter, a time not méet for
+men of warre to lie in the cold and frostie fields, they returned into
+England, within fiue monethes after their first setting foorth. So that
+finallie the French king got the vpper hand of the Britons, and did
+incorporate that duchie to his realme and crowne of France, as in the
+historie of France it may appéere at large. ¶ In Iuly this yéere was
+a prest leuied for the king in the citie of London, of foure thousand
+pounds, which was repaied the yeare next following. In September, the
+quéene was deliuered at Winchester of her first sonne, named prince
+Arthur; and the fiue and twentith of Nouember (next insuing) she was
+crowned at Westminster with all due solemnitie.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 4.]
+
+[Sidenote: The collectors of the subsidie complaine to the earle of
+Northumberland that they cannot get in the tax monie.]
+
+Yée haue heard, how there was in the last parlement monie granted for
+the furnishing foorth of the armie into Britaine; that is to wit, it
+was agréed, that euerie man should be taxed after the rate of his
+substance, to paie the tenth penie of his goods. Which monie the most
+part of them that dwelled in the bishoprike of Durham, and in the
+parties of Yorkeshire refused vtterlie to paie: either for that they
+thought themselues ouercharged with the same; or were procured to shew
+themselues disobedient, thorough the euill counsell of some seditious
+persons, which conspired against the king, to put him to new trouble.
+Therefore such as were appointed collectors, after that they could not
+get the monie, according to their extract deliuered to them by the
+commissioners, they made their complaint priuilie to Henrie the fourth
+earle of Northumberland, chiefe ruler of the North parts.
+
+[Sidenote: 1489.]
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Northumberland murthered by the northerne
+rebels at the instigation and setting on of Iohn a Chamber.]
+
+The earle foorthwith signified to the king all that matter, and the
+king not willing to pardon them of anie one penie (least the example
+might doo hurt by incouraging others to shew the like stubbornes in
+other parts of the realme) c[=o]manded the earle either by distresse
+or otherwise, to leuie the monie as he should thinke most méet. The
+rude and beastlie people hearing of this answer from the king, by and
+by with great violence set vpon the earle by the exciting of a simple
+fellow named Iohn a Chamber, whome the erle with faire words sought to
+appease. But they like vnreasonable villaines, alledging all the fault
+to be in him, as chiefe author of the tax, furiouslie and cruellie
+murthered both him and diuerse of his houshold seruants. Diuerse
+affirme that the Northerne men bare against this earle continuall
+grudge euer since the death of king Richard, whom they entirelie
+fauoured.
+
+[Sidenote: A rebellion in the north for a tax granted by parlement.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Iohn Egremond capteine rebell.]
+
+Although this offense was great and heinous; yet there succéeded a more
+mischiefe: for incontinentlie (to cloke this presumptuous murther) the
+Northerne men got them to armour, and assembling togither, chose them
+a capteine, no lesse seditious than desirous of trouble, called sir
+Iohn Egremond knight; and passing by the countries, they published and
+declared that they would bid the king battell onlie in defense of their
+liberties & common fréedome, of the which he went about to béereaue
+them. But when the matter should come to be tried with blowes, their
+harts so fainted that they scattered awaie, euerie man séeking to saue
+himselfe by flight: but that little auailed them.
+
+[Sidenote: Thomas erle of Surrie sent with a power against the north
+rebels.]
+
+[Sidenote: Iohn a Ch[=a]ber hanged like an archtraitor.]
+
+For the king hearing of this businesse, sent foorth Thomas earle of
+Surreie (whome not long before he had deliuered out of the Tower,
+and receiued to his speciall fauour) with a crue of men, to chastise
+those rebels of the north parts, who skirmished with a certeine
+companie of them, and them discomfited, and took aliue Iohn a Chamber,
+the first beginner of this rebellion. The king himselfe road after
+into Yorkeshire, of whose comming the sturdie rebels were so abashed
+and afraid, that they fled more and lesse; which afterward were
+apprehended, and punished according to their demerits. Yet the king of
+his clemencie pardoned the innocent people, and executed the chiefe
+procurers. For Iohn a Chamber was hanged at Yorke on a gibbet set vpon
+a square paire of gallowes like an archtraitor, and his complices and
+lewd disciples were hanged on the lower gallowes round about their
+maister, to the terrible example of other.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Iohn Egremond flieth into Flanders.]
+
+[Sidenote: The king boroweth a gret summe of monie of the ch[=a]ber of
+Lond[=o].]
+
+But sir Iohn Egremond fled into Flanders to the ladie Margaret duchesse
+of Burgognie, that euer enuied the prosperitie of king Henrie. After
+this the king returned to London, leauing the earle of Surreie to rule
+the north parts, and appointed sir Richard Tunstall, a man of great
+wit and policie, to gather the subsidie to him due of the people.
+This yeare the king borrowed of euerie alderman of London two hundred
+pounds, and of the Chamber nine thousand eightie two pounds seuentéene
+shillings foure pence; which he repaied againe to the vttermost, with
+great equitie and thankefulnes. [A vertue verie laudable in this good
+king, and so much the more noteworthie as it is rare; speciallie in
+mightie men and great estates of the world, that count what soeuer they
+can catch their owne, as though the pursses of their people were theirs
+to possesse at pleasure & vse at lust, without conscience or care of
+restitution. Which foule fault Ecclesiasticus noteth (affirming that
+all is lost that is lent them) in expresse words, saieng:
+
+[Sidenote: _Gu. Ha. in Eccle. cap. 8._]
+
+    Reddere magnates nolunt, quæ mutua sumunt,
+    Mutua quæ trades interiisse scias.]
+
+[Sidenote: A rebellion in Flanders.]
+
+[Sidenote: Maximilian king of Romans imprisoned at Bruges by the
+townesmen.]
+
+In this season, the emperour Frederike made warre against the Flemings,
+namelie against Bruges and certeine townes of Flanders, which had
+rebelled against his sonne Maximilian king of Romans, their liege
+and souereigne lord; in so much that they of Bruges had not onelie
+slaine his officers but imprisoned him within their towne, till they
+had caused him to pardon all their offenses, and also to sweare neuer
+to remember, nor reuenge the same in time to come. But his father
+Frederike the emperour could not suffer such a reproch & dishonour
+doone to his sonne (whose fame & princelie estate as he tendered and
+had in gelosie; so was it his hart gréefe and immoderat vexation that
+he should be abused of open contemners, in such villanous sort as
+tended highlie to the indignitie of his person, and the aggrauating of
+their offense and punishment) to passe vnreuenged, & therefore scourged
+the countrie of Flanders with sharpe and cruell warre.
+
+[Sidenote: The lord Cordes maketh aduanage of occasion.]
+
+The lord of Rauenstein being driuen to take the same oth, that his
+master Maximilian tooke at Bruges, to shew that the warre was not begun
+with his assent, forsooke Maximilian his lord, and tooke the townes of
+Ipre and Sluis, with both the castels of the same hauen, and further
+did not onelie stir the Cantois, Brugeans, and other towns of Flanders,
+to rebell against their souereigne lord; but also sent to the French
+kings lieutenant in Picardie, the lord Cordes, to aid him to conquer
+such townes of Flanders, as were not of his opinion. The lord Cordes,
+otherwise called monsieur de Querdes, was glad to haue so good occasion
+to set foot in Flanders, as he that had sufficient instructions of his
+maister the French king, vpon anie such offred occasion so to doo,
+sent foorthwith to the aid of the Flemings eight thousand Frenchmen,
+commanding them to conquer such townes, as were in the waie betwixt
+France and Bruges.
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie sendeth the lord Daubeneie and the lord Morleie
+against the French.]
+
+The capteins, according to his deuise, besieged a little walled towne
+called Dixmew, to whome came foure thousand Flemings with vittels and
+artillerie, sent from the lord of Rauenstein. They laid siege on the
+north side of the towne, in a marish ground then being drie, and so
+déepelie ditched and rampired their campe about (on which rampire they
+laid their ordinance) that it was in maner impossible to enter their
+campe, or doo them anie displeasure or damage. The K. of England was
+dailie aduertised of these dooings, which nothing lesse desired than
+to haue the English pale inuironed with French fortresses. Wherefore
+to preuent that mischiefe in time, with all expedition he sent ouer to
+the lord Daubeneie, then his deputie of Calis, the lord Morleie, with a
+crue of valiant archers & souldiers, to the number of a thousand men,
+with priuie instructions what they should doo.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Humfrie Talbot with his six score archers.]
+
+At their comming ouer it was bruted abroad, that they were sent onelie
+to defend the English pale, against all attempts that might vpon
+the sudden in anie wise be made by the Frenchmen, or Flemings: but
+their enterprise was all otherwise. For on a tuesday at the shutting
+of the gates at night, the lord Daubeneie chiefeteine of the armie,
+the lord Morleie, sir Iames Tirrell capteine of Guisnes, sir Henrie
+Willoughbie, sir Gilbert Talbot, and sir Humfreie Talbot marshall of
+Calis, with diuerse other knights, and esquiers, and other of the
+garisons of Hammes, Guisnes, and Calis, to the number of two thousand
+men or thereabouts, issued priuilie out of Calis, & passed the water
+of Graueling in the morning betimes; and left there for a stale, and
+to kéepe the passage, sir Humfreie Talbot, with six score archers, and
+came to Newport, where they found the souereigne of Flanders with six
+hundred Almains, and there they staied that night.
+
+[Sidenote: The good service of a wretch that should haue béene hanged.]
+
+[Sidenote: A policie.]
+
+On the next daie they went toward Dixmew, and by the guiding of a
+prisoner, that should haue béene hanged on the next morning, they
+issued out of the south gate of the towne of Dixmew, and were conueied
+by their said guide by an high banke set with willowes; so that the
+Cantois could not well espie them, and so secretlie gat to the end of
+their enimies campe, and there paused. The lord Daubeneie commanded all
+men to send their horsses and wagons backe, but the lord Morleie said
+he would ride till he came to hand strokes. Thus they marched foorth
+till they came to a low banke, and no déepe ditch, where the ordinance
+laie; and there the archers shot altogither, euerie man an arrow, and
+so fell prostrate to the ground. The enimies herewith discharged their
+ordinance, and ouershot them.
+
+[Sidenote: The lord Morleie slaine.]
+
+[Sidenote: The number of the slaine on both parts.]
+
+The Almains lept ouer the ditch with their morice pikes. The Englishmen
+in the fore-front waded the ditch, and were holpen vp by the Almains,
+and set on their enimies, and tooke manie prisoners. The other
+Englishmen hasted by the causie to enter in at the north gate of the
+campe, where the lord Morleie being on horssebacke in a rich coate,
+was slaine with a gun. When his death was knowen, euerie man killed
+his prisoner, and slue all such as did withstand them, to the number
+of eight thousand men; in so much that of two thousand that came out
+of Bruges (as the Flemish chronicle reporteth) there came not home one
+hundred. On the English part was slaine the lord Morleie, and not an
+hundred more.
+
+[Sidenote: The English souldiers inriched.]
+
+[Sidenote: Newport besieged by the Frenchmen.]
+
+The Englishmen tooke their ordinance and sent it to Newport, with
+all the spoile and great horsses. And by the waie hearing certeine
+Frenchmen to be at Ostend, they made thitherward: but the Frenchmen
+fled, and so they burned part of the towne, and came againe to Newport,
+where the lord Daubeneie left all the Englishmen that were hurt and
+returned to Calis, where he buried the bodie of the lord Morleie. The
+Englishmen got great riches at this field, for they that went foorth in
+cloth, came home in silke, and those that went out on foot, came home
+on great horsses. The lord Cordes being at Ipre with twentie thousand
+men, was sore displeased with this ouerthrow; & therefore thinking to
+be reuenged, besieged the towne of Newport right stronglie, and shot
+dailie at the wals, breaking them in manie places.
+
+[Sidenote: English archers.]
+
+But the Englishmen that were hurt at Dixmew field before, and might
+either stand or draw bowe, neuer came from the wals. On a daie the
+Frenchmen gaue a great assault to a tower, and perforce entered it,
+and set vp the banner of the lord Cordes. But sée the chance! During
+the time of the assault, there arriued a barke with foure score fresh,
+English archers, which came streight to the tower, and did so much,
+that what with the helpe of such as before were wounded and hurtmen,
+and of the couragious harts of the new come archers incouraged greatlie
+by the women of the towne, crieng; Shoot Englishmen, shoot: the tower
+was regained out of the Frenchmens hands, and the banner of the lord
+Cordes rent in péeces, and in place thereof the penon of saint George
+set vp. Then the Frenchmen, supposing a great aid of Englishmen to haue
+béene come to the towne by sea, left the assault.
+
+[Sidenote: The malicious and foolish words of the lord Cordes.]
+
+[Sidenote: Iames king of Scots slaine by his owne subiects.]
+
+And the night following, the enuious lord Cordes (which so sore longed
+for Calis, that he would commonlie saie that he could be content to
+lie seuen yeares in hell, so that Calis were in possession of the
+Frenchmen) brake vp his siege, and returned to Helding with shame.
+And the Englishmen glad of this victorie returned to Calis. This
+yeare Iames the third of that name king of Scots was slaine by his
+owne subiects, after they had vanquished him in a pight field. About
+the same time one Adrian an Italian was sent in ambassage from pope
+Innocent the eight into Scotland, to haue taken vp the variance betwixt
+the king there and his people. But being arriued here in England, he
+was informed that king Iames was slaine, and therfore taried here
+certeine moneths.
+
+[Sidenote: Adrian an Italian made bishop in Hereford, and after of Bath
+and Welles.]
+
+And for that he was a man of excellent learning, vertue, and humanitie,
+the archbishop of Canturburie Iohn Morton so commended him to the king,
+that he made him first bishop of Hereford, and shortlie after, that
+resigned and giuen ouer, he promoted him to the bishoprike of Bath
+and Welles. And after that with these honors he was returned to Rome,
+he was aduanced by all the degrées of spirituall dignities into the
+college of the cardinals. And worthie sure he was of great preferment,
+for by his meanes, learned men were mooued to séeke out the vse of
+eloquent writing and speaking in the Latine toong, he being the first
+in the time of our fathers that taught the trade to choose and vse apt
+words and fit termes.
+
+[Sidenote: 1490.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 6.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ambassadors from the Fr[=e]ch king to the king of England.]
+
+In the sixt yeare of king Henries reigne there came ambassadors to
+him from the French king the lord Francis of Lutzenburgh, Charles
+Marignane, and Robert Gaguine minister of the Bonnehommes of the
+trinitie. The effect of their comming was to haue concluded a peace
+with king Henrie, and that with good will the French king might dispose
+of the mariage of the yoong duchesse of Britaine, as he should thinke
+good; and to make void the contract and former mariage, which by proxie
+the deputie of Maximilian king of Romans had before time contracted &
+made with hir. But thereto would not king Henrie gaue his consent, euer
+harping on this string, that the maiden being once lawfullie combined
+in matrimonie with Maximilian, ought not to be compelled against hir
+will and promise (yea and contrarie to all law, right and equitie) to
+take anie other person than him to hir spouse and husband.
+
+[Sidenote: K. Henrie is loth that the French king should marrie the
+duchess of Britaine.]
+
+In déed king Henrie was loth that the French king should marrie the
+duchesse of Britaine himselfe (as he perceiued his meaning was) and so
+ioine the duchie of Britaine to the crowne of France: and therefore
+he did what he could to hinder that bargaine. Yet at length it was
+agréed that a forme of a league should be drawen with conditions,
+clauses, and couenants. And for full concluding of the same, it was
+thought expedient, that the king of England should send ambassadors
+to the French king to finish all matters betwixt them. Wherevpon the
+French ambassadors being dismissed with great rewards, streightwaies
+Thomas erle of Ormond, and Thomas Goldenston prior of Christes church
+in Canturburie, were appointed by the king to follow them into France,
+instructed fullie in althings that he would haue on his behalfe either
+moued or determined.
+
+[Sidenote: Lionell bishop of Concordia sent from the pope to the French
+king.]
+
+In this meane space, Lionell the bishop of Concordia was sent as
+oratour from pope Alexander the sixt to the French king for certeine
+matters: and amongst other things, he had in charge to conclude a peace
+and vnitie betwixt the French king and the king of England. He moouing
+this matter to the French king, found him nothing strange to incline to
+his motion. Wherevpon the bishop of Concordia conceiuing good hope, and
+therewith desirous (as became him best bearing that title) to set an
+attonement betwixt those two kings, tooke his iournie towards England,
+to the intent he might mooue king Henrie to be agréeable therevnto,
+and so comming to Calis, found the English ambassadors there, being
+so farre on their waie towards the French king; and being honorablie
+receiued of them into that towne, after they had communed togither, the
+bishop tooke the sea, and was transported ouer into England, and the
+ambassadors departed towards the French king.
+
+[Sidenote: The duchesse of Britaine maried to K. Charles.]
+
+After the bishop of Concordia had talked with king Henrie, and
+perceiued that (vpon reasonable conditions) he could be content to
+conclude a peace with all christian princes, and to liue in rest after
+so manie troubles afore time susteined, the said bishop returned backe
+into France to sollicit this purpose to some perfect conclusion. But
+the Frenchmen so handled the matter, that whilest they outwardlie
+shewed how they desired nothing but fréendship and amitie, they allured
+the yoong dutchesse of Britaine to submit hirselfe wholie to their
+discretion, so that shortlie after she was maried to king Charles. Now
+the English ambassadors, after they perceiued which waie the wind would
+blow, returned againe to their countrie, and nothing doone or agréed
+vpon in their matter.
+
+[Sidenote: A parlement wherin king Henrie openeth the iust cause of
+making warres against France.]
+
+King Henrie sore troubled in his mind therwith, determining no
+more with peaceable messages, but with open warre to determine all
+controuersies betwixt him and the French king, called his high court of
+parlement, and there declared the cause why hée was iustlie prouoked
+to make warre against the Frenchmen: and therefore desired them of
+their beneuolent aid of men and monie toward the maintenance therof.
+The cause was so iust, that euerie man allowed it; and to the setting
+foorth of the war taken in hand for so necessarie an occasion, euerie
+man promised his helping hand. The king commended them for their
+true and faithfull hearts. And to the intent that he might spare the
+poorer sort of the commons (whome he euer desired to kéepe in fauor)
+he thought good first to exact monie of the richest sort by waie of a
+beneuolence.
+
+[Sidenote: Who first deuised the execution of monie called a
+beneuolence.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sée pag. 331.]
+
+Which kind of leuieng monie was first deuised by king Edward the
+fourth, as it appeareth before in his historie. King Henrie following
+the like example, published abroad, that by their open gifts he would
+measure and search their beneuolent hearts and good minds toward him;
+so that he that gaue most, should be iudged to be his most louing
+fréend; and he that gaue little, to be estéemed according to his gift.
+By this it appeareth, that whatsoeuer is practised for the princes
+profit, and brought to a president by matter of record, maie be turned
+to the great preiudice of the people, if rulers in authoritie will so
+adiudge and determine it. But by this means king Henrie got innumerable
+great summes of monie, with some grudge of the people, for the
+extremitie shewed by the commissioners in diuers places.
+
+[Sidenote: 1491.]
+
+[Sidenote: Albert the duke of Saxonies policie to get the towne of Dam.]
+
+Ye haue heard before, how the lord of Rauenstein, by the aid of Bruges
+& Gant, had taken the towne and two castels of Sluis, which he kept
+against his souereigne lord Maximilian, and getting into the hauen
+certeine ships and barks, robbed, spoiled, & tooke prisoners the
+ships and vessels of all nations that passed alongest by that coast,
+towards the mart at Antwerpe, or into anie part of Brabant, Zeland,
+or Friseland, and was euer sufficientlie vittelled out of France and
+Picardie. There was a little towne also two miles from Bruges towards
+the sea, called Dam, which was a bulworke to Bruges, and an hedspring
+to Sluis. The king of Romans had attempted the wining of this towne
+diuerse times, but missed his purpose; till at length Albert duke of
+Saxonie, a great fréend to the king of Romans, by policie found meanes
+to get it.
+
+This duke feining himselfe as a neuter betwixt the king of Romans,
+and the rebels of Flanders, required of the lords of Bruges, that he
+might enter peaceablie into their towne according to his estate, with
+a certeine number of men of armes, to communicate with them diuerse
+matters of great weight, and sent before his cariages and herbengers
+to make prouision. They of Bruges were in no doubt of him, so that his
+men of warre entered into the citie in good order, and he followed.
+They that went before, inquired for innes and lodgings, as though they
+would haue rested there all the night, and so went foorth still in
+order asking after lodgings, till they came at the gate that leadeth
+directlie toward Dam, distant from Bruges a Flemish mile, which is
+called the bulworke of Bruges.
+
+[Sidenote: The duke of Saxonie sendeth for aid to king Henrie to win
+Sluis.]
+
+The capteins and inhabitants of Dam suspecting no harme to come out of
+Bruges, thought their fréends (knowing some danger towards) had sent
+them aid, and so nothing mistrusting those that approched their towne,
+suffered them to enter, and so was the towne of Dam taken by sleight,
+which could not be woone by open force. This chance sore displeased
+them of Bruges, for now could they haue no recourse to the sea; so
+that they must néeds fall into ruine and decaie. The duke of Saxonie
+thus hauing woone the towne of Dam, sent to the king of England, that
+if it would please him to minister anie aid by sea, hée would besiege
+Sluis by land. Wherevpon the king of England, vpon due consideration
+of the dukes motion (as he was wise enough in all his enterprises, and
+no lesse fortunate in the issue of the same) would conclude nothing
+vpon the sudden, but (as he did alwaies) ruled his affaires by good
+counsell, like to the wise man commended in the holie scripture:
+
+[Sidenote: _Gu. Ha. in Tob. 4._]
+
+    Consilio sapiens semper sua facta gubernat.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Edward Poinings a valiant capteine sent into Flanders
+with an armie.]
+
+[Sidenote: One Vere brother to the earle of Oxford slaine.]
+
+At last he well remembring that Sluis was a rousenest, and a verie den
+of théeues to them that trauersed the seas towards the east parts,
+incontinentlie dispatched sir Edward Poinings a right valiant knight
+and hardie capteine, with twelue ships well furnished with bold
+souldiers and sufficient artillerie. Which sir Edward sailed into the
+hauen, and kept the lord of Rauenstein from starting by sea. The Duke
+of Saxonie besieged one of the castels, lieng in a church ouer against
+it: and the Englishmen assaulted the lesse castell, and issued out of
+their ships at the ebbe, neuer suffering their enimies to rest in quiet
+one day togither, for the space of twentie daies, and euerie day slue
+some of their aduersaries; and on the English part were slaine one
+Vere, brother to the earle of Oxford, and fiftie more.
+
+The lord of Rauenstein had made a bridge of botes betwéene both the
+castels, to passe from the one to the other; which bridge one night the
+Englishmen did set on fire. Then he, perceiuing that he must lose his
+castels by force, and that the Flemings could not aid him, yéelded the
+castels to sir Edward Poinings, and the towne to the duke of Saxonie,
+vpon certeine conditions. Sir Edward Poinings kept the castels a while,
+of whom the Almains demanded their wages, bicause the duke had nothing
+to paie. Then these two capteins so handled them of Bruges, that they
+not onelie submitted themselues to their lord Maximilian; but also were
+contented to paie and dispatch the Almains. And so sir Edward Poinings
+taried there a long space, and at length returned to the king before
+Bullogne.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 866._]
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex Edw. Hull, in Hen. 7._ _fo._ xxiij. _&c._]
+
+[Sidenote: Granado woone from the Turks or Saracens.]
+
+The sixt day of Aprill this present yeare, the nobles of the realme
+assembled in the cathedrall church of S. Paule in London, where the
+maior of the same citie, his brethren the aldermen, and the craftesmen
+in their liueries also assembled: to whome doctor Morton chancellor
+made an oration, declaring how the king of Spaine had woone the great
+and rich citie & countrie of Granado from the Turks: for ioy whereof Te
+Deum was soong with great solemnitie. ¶ But bicause it is requisite and
+necessarie in this ample volume, to set downe the report of accidents
+as they are to be found at large in our owne English writers: you shall
+heare for the furtherance of your knowledge in this matter concerning
+Granado, what Ed. Hall hath left noted in his chronicle. Which although
+it conteine diuerse actions of superstition, and popish trumperie: yet
+should it not offend the reader, considering that a people estranged
+from the true knowledge of God and sincere religion put the same in
+practise, as supposing principall holinesse to consist in that blind
+deuotion.
+
+On the sixt of Aprill (saith he) this yéere, the king commanded all
+the nobilitie of his realme to assemble at the cathedrall church of S.
+Paule in London, where (after Te Deum solemnlie soong) the cardinall
+of Canturburie, standing on the steps before the quier doore, declared
+to the people, how the famous citie of Granado, which manie yeares
+had béene possessed of the Moores or Mauritane nation, being infidels
+& vnchristened people, was now of late besieged a great time by Don
+Ferdinando and Elizabeth his wife, king and quéene of Spaine, Arragon,
+and Castile. And the said infidels, by reason of siege brought to
+great penurie and miserie, for lacke of vittels & necessarie viands,
+perceiuing that all succours were clerelie stopped and excluded from
+them, and so brought into vtter despaire of aid, or comfort, after long
+consultation had amongst them, determined to render themselues and
+their citie to the said king vpon diuerse couenants and conditions, and
+therevpon sent to him diuerse senators of the citie fullie instructed
+of their mind and purpose.
+
+[Sidenote: The citie of Granado conteined an hundred and fiftie
+thousand houses, besides cotages & small dwellings.]
+
+The king of Spaine and his councell, considering and sagelie pondering
+that winter approched & was at hand, and that the christian host had
+long lied in the fieldes in sore tempests and gréeuous stormes (which
+they gladlie suffered for Christes sake, in whose cause and quarell
+they made that present warre) remembring also that the citie was of
+such riches, fame, and estimation, that it conteined an hundred and
+fiftie thousand houses of name, beside other small houses and cotages;
+& that it was replenished with people innumerable, and furnished
+with thrée score and ten thousand good fighting men; and finallie,
+perceiuing that he might inioy now the possession of the same, without
+assault or effusion of christian bloud, by the aduice of his councell,
+he accepted, accorded, and agréed to their offers the twentie and fift
+of Nouember, in the yeare of Christes incarnation 1491, then being the
+daie of saint Katharine.
+
+[Sidenote: Hostages deliuered to the K. of Spaine for his securitie.]
+
+By the which composition, the roiall citie of Granado, with all the
+holds and fortresses of the realme, and the towers and castels of
+Alpussarare was rendered into the hands of the said king of Spaine; and
+that the king of Granado should become subiect and vassall to the king
+of Spaine, and to relinquish and forsake the vsurped name of a king
+foreuer: and that all the men of warre should frankelie depart out of
+the citie, and none there to remaine, but artificers and merchants:
+and all these things to be doone before the fiue and twentith day of
+Ianuarie. But the time was preuented, for the moores on the first day
+of Ianuarie sent six hundred notable personages out of the citie with
+their children for hostages into the campe of the king of Spaine,
+to the intent that he should put no diffidence nor mistrust in the
+citizens, but that he might peaceablie and quietlie with his people
+enter into the citie, and take possession of the same. The which
+hostages were distributed and lodged in the tents and pauillions of the
+Spanish armie.
+
+[Sidenote: The vanquished people humblie submit th[=e]selues to the
+kings vicegerent, & deliuer vp the keies of the citie.]
+
+The third of Ianuarie, the lord of Guitterins Cardenes, great master &
+gouernor of Lion, of the order of S. Iames, departed from the armie,
+noblie and triumphantlie accompanied with fiue hundred horsmen, and
+thrée thousand footmen toward the citie. And as he approched néere to
+the suburbs, there issued out diuers noble and valiant capteins of the
+Moores, making to him humble obeisance, and conducted him to a palace
+adioining to the citie, called the palace of Anaxaras, and from thence
+conueied him to the palace roiall of the same citie called Alhambra,
+whereof hée tooke quiet and peaceable possession, to the behoofe of the
+king of Spaine, whome the Moores promised and confessed to take and
+obeie as their king and souereigne lord. And in signe and token that
+they thought in their hearts, that which they promised by mouth; they
+prostrated and humbled themselues before the said great master, and
+with dolorous lamentation and salt teares deliuered to him the keies of
+the said palace.
+
+When he had the keies, and was also possessed of that strong and
+magnificent place, he first of all dispatched the house of all the
+Moores and pagans, and appointed a garrison of valiant and noble
+christians, to kéepe and defend the same: and the same day caused a
+masse solemnlie to be celebrate in a place of the same palace called
+Melchita; which done and finished, he tooke possession of all the
+fortresses, towers, and holds to the said citie and towne of Granado
+belonging or appertaining. And then he caused to be erected and set vp
+on the highest tower of the palace (where it might best be séene) the
+signe and token of the crosse, whereon Christ for vs sinners suffered
+his bitter passion. At the raising whereof were present an archbishop
+and thrée bishops, with other prelats, which deuoutlie sang this
+antheme: O crux, aue spes vnica.
+
+[Sidenote: The maner of the Spanish kings giuing of thanks for
+victorie.]
+
+The said crosse was thrée times deuoutlie lifted, and at euerie
+exaltation, the Moores being within the citie, rored, howled, & cried,
+prostrating themselues, groueling on the ground, & making dolorous
+noise and pitifull outcries. The armie incamped without the citie,
+séeing these things, humbled themselues méekelie before the crosse,
+rendering to almightie God their most humble and heartie thankes. The
+king of Spaine, being mounted on horssebacke, perceiuing the erection
+of the crosse, descended from his genet, and knéeled downe on the bare
+ground; and rendered to God, laud, honour, and praise; for that noble
+and triumphant victorie. And after that the crosse was thus set vp on
+the high tower, the banner of saint Iames, and the kings banners were
+pitched and fixed vpon the turrets and pinacles of the citie: an herald
+standing in the top of the high tower, proclaming and publishing these
+words following.
+
+[Sidenote: The Spaniards reiosing & triumphing after the conquest of
+the Moores.]
+
+"Saint Iames, saint Iames, saint Iames; Castile, Castile, Castile;
+Granado, Granado, Granado. By high and mightie power, lord Ferdinando
+and Elizabeth, king and quéene of Spaine, haue woone from the infidels
+and Moores the citie and realme of Granado, through the helpe of our
+Lord God, & the most glorious virgin his mother, and the vertuous
+apostle S. Iames and the holie father Innocent the eight, togither
+with the aids and succours of the great prelats, knights, and other
+gentlemen borne, and commons of their realmes and countries." When the
+herald had finished, the artillerie sounded, the minstrels blew, the
+people applauded and clapped their hands, for gladnesse, that the earth
+séemed to tremble and quake vnderneath them.
+
+After this ioy ended, there issued out of the citie in maner of
+procession, seuen hundred and mo christians, as well men, as women
+and children, which had bin there prisoners and liued in bonds,
+seruitude, and miserable captiuitie, whereof the most part were naked,
+wounded, and in maner famished for hunger. To whome the king (of his
+great liberalitie) gaue both apparell, viands and monie. These poore
+prisoners comming out of the citie sang this psalme; Benedictus Dominus
+Deus Israel, qui visitauit & fecit redemptionem pledis suæ; Blessed be
+the Lord God of Israel, which hath visited and redéemed his people.
+And so singing foorth the psalme, went to the church of saint Faith,
+which the king Ferdinando had caused to bée most sumptuouslie edified
+during the time of the siege, being distant from Granado two or thrée
+miles.
+
+[Sidenote: The lord Euerus de M[=e]doza made capteine of the house
+roiall.]
+
+Now as this poore procession passed by the host, one espied his
+sonne, and another saw his brother; and the son perceiued the father,
+and the father found the daughter, which were now deliuered out of
+miserable seruitude and bondage. But they could not refraine nor bridle
+themselues from distilling of teares and sobbing, séeing their parents
+and kinsfolke restored to libertie & fréedome. And when these people
+had said their orisons in the church of saint Faith, and were come to
+the armie, they knéeled before the king, kissed his féet, crieng with
+one voice; God grant to the king of Spaine euerlasting life. The next
+daie after the lord Euerus de Mendoza, earle of Tendiglie, was by the
+king made capteine of the house roiall and principall tower of the
+citie of Granado, called Alhambra, hauing to him appointed and assigned
+one thousand men of armes, and two thousand footmen. Vnto the which
+earle, the great master deliuered the keies of the said palace and
+tower, and other ports and fortresses.
+
+[Sidenote: A great number of states with their traine enter
+triumphantlie into Granado to take reall possession.]
+
+On Saturday the eight daie of Ianuarie, in the yeare of our Lord 1492,
+Ferdinando, K. of Spaine & Granado, the quéene, & their eldest son Don
+Iohn prince of Spaine, the lord Peter of Mendoza, the archbish. of
+Toledo, the patriarch of Alexandria, the cardinall of Spaine, the lord
+Peter prince of Lion, the duke of Gaditan, the marques of Villena &
+Moia, the erle of Capre, the earle of Vienna of Cifnentes, and manie
+other earles, barons and nobles, whereof some were Englishmen (whose
+names I haue not) with ten thousand horssemen, and fiftie thousand
+footmen, with great triumph and roialtie entered into the citie of
+Granado, and thereof tooke reall possession & seazine, and caused
+masse to be soong in a great place called Melchita, where hée caused
+a solemne church to be builded in the honour of God and his mother.
+When masse was ended, the king and quéene repaired to the palace roiall
+of Alhambra, the which was woonderfull, both in qualitie & sumptuous
+building, which house was adorned with rich arras and tapestrie in
+euerie chamber.
+
+The earle of Tendiglie capteine of the palace, feasted the king and
+quéene, and all the nobilitie at his owne costes and charges. So the
+king of Spaine there remained till the countrie was reduced into a good
+conformitie and order, and diuerse fortresses and castels were made
+for the safegard and tuition of the realme. And bicause this victorie
+obteined, was to the glorie of God, and to the publike wealth of all
+christianitie, the [1]said cardinall of Canturburie declared to the
+people, that the king had sent him and the other nobles thither that
+day, not onelie to notifie and declare to them the veritie of the fact;
+but also to exhort them to giue lauds and praisings to almightie God,
+for deliuering so goodlie a citie, so plentifull a countrie, and so
+notable a region out of the hands of his enimies, and persecutors of
+his faith and religion. Which declaration ended the archbishop with
+the cleargie & the nobles with the communaltie, in most deuout maner
+went in generall procession, rendering to God for this great atchiued
+enterprise, glorie, honour, and most reuerent thanks.
+
+[1] Namelie doctor Morton, of whom menti[=o] is made in the beginning
+of this historie.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 866._]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Iames Parker by casualtie at iustes mortallie wounded.]
+
+[Sidenote: Two pardoners set on the pillorie.]
+
+[Sidenote: Robert Fabian.]
+
+¶ In the moneth of Maie next and immediatlie following this triumph,
+was holden a great and valiant iusting within the kings palace of
+Shine, now named Richmond, the which indured by the space of a moneth,
+sometime within the said palace and sometime without, vpon the gréene
+before the gate of the said palace. In which iustes sir Iames Parker
+knight, running against a gentleman named Hugh Vauhan, by casualtie
+was so sore hurt and brused, that he died thereof. This yeare also two
+pardoners were set on the pillorie in Cornehill thrée market daies,
+for forging of false pardons, wherewith they had deceiued the people,
+& got much monie. And for that one of them had feined himselfe to be a
+priest, hée was sent to Newgate, where he died: the other was driuen
+out of London with shame enough. ¶ Also this yere was Robert Fabian
+shiriffe of London & alderman, who made a chronicle of England & of
+France, beginning at the creation of the world, and ending in the
+third yeare of the reigne of king Henrie the eight, which booke is now
+imprinted to the end of Richard the third.
+
+Maximilian king of Romans, intending to be reuenged on the Frenchmen
+for the manie iniuries doone to him of late (and especiallie for that
+king Charles had forsaken his daughter ladie Margaret, and purposed to
+take to wife the ladie Anne of Britaine) bicause he was not rich enough
+to mainteine the warre of himselfe, he sent his ambassadour, one Iames
+Contibald, a man of great wisedome, to require the king of England to
+take his part against the French king, making diuers great offers on
+his owne behalfe, if it should please him so to doo.
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie and Maximilian agrée to plague the Frenchmen.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 7.]
+
+King Henrie no lesse desirous than Maximilian to put the French king to
+trouble, and chieflie to aid the Britains in the extremitie of their
+businesse, gladlie consented to the request of Maximilian; and promised
+to prepare an armie with all spéed, and in time conuenient to passe the
+seas with the same, and inuade the French territories. In this verie
+season, Charles the French king receiued the ladie Anne of Britaine,
+as his pupill into his hands, and with great solemnitie hir espoused,
+hauing with hir in dower, the whole duchie of Britaine.
+
+[Sidenote: The cause of Maximilians malice against Charles of France.]
+
+Now was Maximilian in great chafe toward the French king, not onelie
+for that he had refused his daughter, but also had beréeued him of
+his assured wife the said ladie Anne, contrarie to all right and
+conscience. Wherefore he sent vnto king Henrie, desiring him with all
+spéed to passe the seas with his armie, that they might pursue the
+warre against their aduersarie, with fire, sword and bloud. King Henrie
+hearing this, and hauing no mistrust in the promise of Maximilian, with
+all spéed leuied an armie, and rigged his nauie of ships. And when all
+things were readie he sent his almoner Christopher Urswike, and sir
+Iohn Riselie knight vnto Maximilian, to certifie him, that the king was
+in a readinesse, and would arriue at Calis, as soone as he should be
+aduertised that Maximilian and his men were readie to ioine with him.
+
+[Sidenote: Maximilian dealeth dishonestlie with the king of England to
+his great vexation.]
+
+These ambassadors comming into Flanders perceiued that Maximilian was
+neither purueied of men, monie, nor armor, nor of any other thing
+neccessarie for the setting foorth of warre; sauing onlie that his will
+was good, although his power was small. King Henrie being aduertised
+hereof by letters sent to him from his said ambassadors, was sore
+disquieted in his mind, and was almost brought to his wits end, to
+consider how his companions in arms should thus faile him at néed; but
+taking aduise of his counsell, at length he determined not to stay his
+prepensed iournie, and therfore he so increased his numbers before he
+tooke ship, that he with his owne power might be able to match with his
+aduersaries. When he had thus gathered and assembled his armie, hée
+sailed to Calis the sixt day of October, and there incamped himselfe
+for a space, to sée all his men and prouision in such readinesse, as
+nothing should be wanting.
+
+[Sidenote: Maximilian king of Romans breaketh promise with king Henrie
+in ioining with him to inuade France.]
+
+[Sidenote: The dissimulation of the French king.]
+
+In this place all the armie had knowledge by the ambassadours (which
+were newlie returned out of Flanders) that Maximilian could not set
+foorth anie armie, for lacke of monie: and therefore there was no
+succour to be looked for at his hand. But the Englishmen were nothing
+dismaid therewith, as they that iudged themselues able enough to match
+the Frenchmen without the helpe of anie other nation. In the meane
+season, although the French king had an armie togither, both for number
+and furniture able to trie in battell with the Englishmen: yet he made
+semblance as though he desired nothing more than peace, as the thing
+much more profitable to him than warre: the minds of the Britains were
+not wholie setled.
+
+[Sidenote: A motion on the French part for a treatie of peace with the
+English.]
+
+And againe, he was called into Italie to make warre against the king
+of Naples, whose kingdome he pretended to apperteine to him by lawfull
+succession from his father king Lewes, to whome Reine duke of Aniou
+last king of Sicill, of the house of Aniou, had transferred his right
+to that kingdome (as partlie before ye haue heard) wrongfullie and
+without cause disinheriting his coosine, godsonne and heire, Reine duke
+of Loraine and Bar. The lord Chordes hauing commission from his maister
+the French king to make some entrie into a treatie for peace with the
+king of England, wrote letters to him before he passed ouer to Calis,
+signifieng to him that if it might stand with his pleasure to send some
+of his councellors to the borders of the English pale adioining to
+France, there should be so reasonable conditions of peace proffered,
+that he doubted not but his grace might with great honour breake vp his
+campe, and retire his armie home againe.
+
+[Sidenote: Commissioners sent ouer to Calis about the said peace.]
+
+[Sidenote: Bullogne besieged by the Englishmen the king himselfe
+present.]
+
+The king of England considering that Britaine was cléerelie lost, and
+past recouerie, and that Maximilian for lacke of monie, and mistrust
+which he had in his owne subiects, laie still like a dormouse dooing
+nothing; and herewith weieng that it should be honorable to him,
+and profitable to his people to determine this great warre without
+bloudshed, appointed the bishop of Excester, and Giles lord Daubenie
+to passe the seas to Calis, and so to commun with the lord Chordes
+of articles of peace, which tooke effect as after ye shall perceiue.
+In the meane time, whilest the commissioners were communing of peace
+on the marches of France, the king of England (as ye haue heard) was
+arriued at Calis: from whense after all things were prepared for such
+a iournie, he remooued in foure battells forward, till he came néere
+to the towne of Bullogne, & there pitched his tents before it in a
+conuenient place for his purpose, meaning to assaile the towne with his
+whole force & puissance.
+
+But there was such a strong garison of warlike souldiers within that
+fortresse, and such plentie of artillerie, and necessarie munitions
+of warre, that the losse of Englishmen assaulting the towne (as was
+doubted) should be greater damage to the realme of England, than the
+gaining thereof should be profit. Howbeit the dailie shot of the kings
+battering péeces brake the wals, and sore defaced them. But when
+euerie man was readie to giue the assault, a sudden rumor rose in the
+armie that peace was concluded: which brute as it was pleasant to the
+Frenchmen, so was it displesant to the Englishmen, bicause they were
+prest and readie at all times to set on their enimies, and brought
+into great hope to haue béene inriched by the spoile and game to haue
+fallen to their lots of their enimies goods, beside the glorious fame
+of renowmed victorie.
+
+[Sidenote: Why the English preferred warre before peace.]
+
+And therefore to be defrauded hereof by an vnprofitable peace, they
+were in great fume, and verie angrie: and namelie, for that diuerse of
+the capteins to set themselues and their bands the more gorgeouslie
+forward, had borrowed large summes of monie, and for the repaiment
+had morgaged their lands and possessions, and some happilie had made
+through sale thereof, trusting to recouer all againe by the gaines of
+this iournie. Wherefore offended with this sudden conclusion of peace,
+they spake euill, both of the king and his councell. But the king like
+a wise prince asswaged their displeasure in part with excusing the
+matter, alledging what losse and bloudshed was like to insue both of
+capteins and souldiers, if the assault should haue béene giuen to the
+vtterance, especiallie sith the towne was so well furnished with men
+and munitions. When he had somewhat appeased their minds with these and
+manie other reasons, he returned backe againe to Calis.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Iohn Sauage slaine at this siege.]
+
+[Sidenote: Richard Pl[=a]tagenet a counterfeit of ladie Margarets
+imagining.]
+
+There were not manie of the English armie lost at this siege of
+Bullogne, & few or no men of name, sauing that valiant capteine sir
+Iohn Sauage knight, the which, as he and sir Iohn Riselie rode about
+the wals of the towne, to view in what place it might be easiliest
+assaulted, was compassed about by certeine Frenchmen that were issued
+out of the towne, and there slaine standing at defense and vtterlie
+refusing to yéeld himselfe as prisoner. But sir Iohn Riselie escaped
+by flieng awaie. When the K. was thus returned to Calis, he began
+to smell a certeine secret smoke, which was like to turne to a great
+flame, without wise foresight, and good looking to. For by the craftie
+inuention, and diuelish imagination of the ladie Margaret duchesse of
+Burgognie, a new idoll was set vp in Flanders, and by a forged name
+called Richard Plantagenet second sonne to king Edward the fourth, as
+though he had béene raised from death to life.
+
+[Sidenote: The conclusion of peace betwéene the English and French.]
+
+The newes hereof somewhat troubled him, so that he was with better
+will content to receiue the honorable conditions of peace offered of
+his enimie: bicause he should not be constreined at one time to make
+warre both at home, and also in a forren region. The conclusion of this
+agréement made with the Frenchmen, was this: That this peace should
+continue both their liues; and that the French king should pay to the
+king of England a certeine summe of monie in hand, according as the
+commissioners should appoint for his charges susteined in this iournie.
+Which (as the king certified the maior of London by his letters the
+ninth of Nouember) amounted to the summe of seuen hundred fortie and
+fiue thousand duckats: the which is of sterling monie, one hundred
+foure score and six thousand, two hundred and fiftie pounds. It was
+also concluded that he should yearelie (for a certeine space) paie or
+cause to be paid, for the monie that the K. had spent & expended in the
+defense of the Britains fiue & twentie thousand crowns.
+
+[Sidenote: Alph[=o]se duke of Calabre made knight of the garter.]
+
+Which yearelie tribute the French king (afterwards continuallie
+occupied in the wars of Italie) yearelie satisfied & paid so long as
+K. Henrie liued, who after he had taried a conuenient space at Calis,
+tooke the sea, and arriued at Douer, and so came to his manour of
+Gréenewich. Immediatlie after his returne thus into England, he elected
+into the fellowship of saint George, commonlie called the order of
+the garter, Alphonse duke of Calabre, sonne and heire to Ferdinando
+king of Naples, Christopher Urswike the kings almoner was sent to him
+vnto Naples with the garter, collar, mantell, and other habilments
+apperteining to the companions of that noble order. The which was
+reuerentlie receiued of the said duke, who in a solemne presence
+reuested himselfe with that habit, supposing by the countenance of that
+apparell to be able to resist his aduersarie the French king, sith he
+was now made a fréend and companion in order with the king of England:
+but that little auailed him, as after it was right apparant. [And here,
+bicause in sundrie actions we haue séene and obserued the French kings
+subtilties, his inconstancie, lacke of truth, honestie, and kinglie
+modestie; we maie be bold to set downe the description of his person,
+as we find the same readie drawne to hand; that by a view thereof we
+maie conclude that his properties were proportioned to his person.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex. Guic. pag. 43._]
+
+[Sidenote: The French king described.]
+
+It is verie certeine (saith mine author) that king Charles from his
+infancie was of complexion verie delicate and of bodie vnsound and
+diseased, of small stature, and of face (if the aspect and dignitie
+of his eies had béene taken awaie) fowle and deformed, his other
+members bearing such equall proportion, that he séemed more a monster
+than a man: he was not onelie without all knowledge of good sciences,
+but scarselie he knew the distinct characters of letters: his mind
+desirous to command, but more proper to anie other thing, for that
+being inuironed alwaies with his familiars and fauourits, he reteined
+with them no maiestie or authoritie: he reiected all affaires and
+businesse, and yet if he did debate and consider in anie, he shewed a
+weake discretion and iudgement. And if he had any thing in him that
+caried apparance of merit or praise, yet being thoroughlie weied and
+sounded, it was found further off from vertue than from vice: he had
+an inclination to glorie, but it was tempered more with rashnesse
+and furie than with moderation and counsell: his liberalities were
+without discretion, measure or distinction: immooueable oftentimes
+in his purposes, but that was rather an ill grounded obstinacie
+than constancie. And that which manie call bountie, deserued more
+reasonablie in him the name of coldnesse & slackenesse of spirit.]
+
+[Sidenote: The birth of Henrie duke of Yorke, after crowned king by the
+name of Henrie the eight.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1492.]
+
+[Sidenote: The malice of the duchesse of Burgognie to the line of
+Lancaster.]
+
+This yeare the two and twentith of Iune, was borne at Gréenewich the
+lord Henrie second sonne to this king Henrie the seuenth, which was
+created duke of Yorke, & after prince of Wales, and in conclusion
+succéeded his father in gouernance of this realme, by the name of
+Henrie the eight, father to our gratious souereigne quéene Elizabeth.
+But now to returne to the new found sonne of king Edward coniured by
+mens policies from death to life: ye shall vnderstand that the duchesse
+of Burgognie euer desiring to cast a scorpion in the bosome of king
+Henrie, not for anie displeasure by him towards hir wrought or doone;
+but onelie bicause he was descended of the house of Lancaster, being an
+enimie to hir line, began to spin a new web, like a spider that dailie
+weaueth when his kall is torne: for after that the earle of Lincolne,
+which was by hir set foorth, had missed the cushin, and lost both
+horsse and spurres, she could not be quiet, vntill she had practised a
+new deuise to put king Henrie to trouble. And as the diuell prouideth
+venemous sauce to corrupt stomachs, so for hir purpose she espied a
+certeine yoong man of visage beautifull, of countenance demure, and of
+wit craftie and subtill.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin Warbecke the counterfeit duke of Yorke.]
+
+This youths name was Peter Warbecke, one for his faintnesse of stomach
+of the Englishmen in derision, called Perkin Warbecke, according to the
+dutch phrase, which change the name of Peter to Perkin, of yoonglings
+and little boies, which for want of age, lacke of strength, and
+manlike courage, are not thought worthie of the name of a man. This
+yoong man trauelling many countries, could speake English and diuerse
+other languages; & for his basenesse of birth and stocke, was almost
+vnknowne of all men; and driuen to séeke liuing from his childhood, was
+constreined to go and trauell thorough manie countries. The duchesse
+glad to haue got so méet an organ for the conueieng of hir inuented
+purpose, as one not vnlike to be taken and reputed for the duke of
+Yorke, sonne to hir brother king Edward, which was called Richard, kept
+him a certeine space with hir priuilie.
+
+[Sidenote: The readie wit of Perkin to learne all that made for his
+preferment to honor.]
+
+[Sidenote: The emulati[=o] of the dukes of Yokre.]
+
+Besides that, she with such diligence instructed him both in the
+secrets and common affaires of the realme of England, and of the
+linage, descent and order of the house of Yorke, that like a good
+scholer, not forgetting his lesson, he could tell all that was taught
+him promptlie without anie stackering or staie in his words. And
+besides that, he kept such a princelie countenance, and so counterfeit
+a maiestie roiall, that all men in manner did firmelie beléeue, that
+he was extracted of the noble house and familie of the dukes of Yorke.
+For suerlie, it was a gift giuen to that noble progenie, as of nature
+planted in the root, that all the sequels of that line and stocke did
+studie and deuise how to be equiualent in honour and fame with their
+forefathers and noble predecessors.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin Warbecke arriueth in Ireland.]
+
+When the duches had framed hir cloath méet for the market, she was
+informed that king Henrie prepared to make warre against Charles
+the French king. Wherefore she, thinking that the time serued well
+for the setting foorth of hir malicious indention, sent this Perkin
+hir new inuented mawmet, first into Portingale, and so craftilie
+into the countrie of Ireland; to the intent that he, being both
+wittie and wilie, might inuegle the rude Irishmen (being at those
+daies more inclined to rebellion than to reasonable order) to a new
+seditious commotion. Shortlie after his arriuall in Ireland, whether
+by his shrewd wit, or the malicious exhortation of the sauage Irish
+gouernours, he entred so farre in credit with the people of that Ile,
+that his words were taken to be as true, as he vntruelie with false
+demonstrations set foorth and published them.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin saileth into France all aflant.]
+
+The French king aduertised hereof, then being in displeasure with
+king Henrie, sent into Ireland for Perkin, to the intent to send him
+against king Henrie, which was then inuading France (as yée before haue
+heard.) Perkin thought himselfe aloft, now that he was called to the
+familiaritie of kings, and therefore with all diligence sailed into
+France, and comming to the kings presence, was of him roiallie receiued
+and after a princelie fashion interteined, and had a gard to him
+assigned, whereof was gouernour the lord Congreshall: and to him being
+at Paris, resorted sir George Neuill bastard, sir Iohn Tailor, Rowland
+Robinson, and an hundred English rebels. Now, after that a peace (as
+before is said) was concluded betwixt the French king, and the king of
+England, the French king dismissed Perkin, and would no longer kéepe
+him.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin returneth to the ladie Margaret his first founder.]
+
+But some haue said (which were there attending on him) that Perkin,
+fearing least the French king should deliuer him to the king of
+England, beguiled the lord Congreshall, and fled from Paris by night.
+But whether the French king knew of his departure or not, the truth is,
+that he being in maner in despaire, returned to his first founder the
+ladie Margaret, of whome he was so welcomed to all outward appearance,
+that it séemed she could not haue reioised at anie earthlie thing more,
+than she did at his presence, and (as she could well dissemble) she
+made semblance as though she had neuer séene him before that time. Now
+as she had sore longed to know not once, but diuerse times in open
+audience, and in solemne presence, she willed him to declare and shew
+by what means he was preserued from death and destruction, and in what
+countries he had wandered and sought fréendship; and finallie, by what
+chance of fortune he came to hir court.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin named by the dutches of Burgognie the white rose of
+England.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1493.]
+
+This did shée, to the intent that by the open declaration of these
+fained phantasies, the people might be persuaded to giue credit, and
+beléeue that he was the true begotten sonne of hir brother king Edward.
+And after this, shée assigned to him a gard of thirtie persons in
+murrie and blew, and highlie honoured him as a great estate, and called
+him the white rose of England. The nobilitie of Flanders did to him all
+reuerence. [All which port and pompe exhibited in most solemne sort,
+he was well content to take vpon him, forgetting the basenesse of his
+birth, and glorieng in the counterfeit title of honour: much like the
+iay that would be called a swan, or like the crow that trimming hir
+selfe with the stolne feathers of a pecocke, would séeme Iunos bird; as
+the poet saith:
+
+[Sidenote: _M. Pul. in virg._]
+
+    ----mentito nomine cygnum
+    Graculus appellat sese, cornicula plumas
+    Pauonis furata cupit pauo ipsa videri.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex. I. S. pag. 865._]
+
+[Sidenote: Stratford bridge vpon Auen builded.]
+
+¶ In this yeare was one Hugh Clopton maior of London, and of the
+staple, a gentleman, borne at Clopton village, halfe a mile from
+Stratford vpon Auen by north, who continued (during his life) a
+bacheler: he builded the great and sumptuous bridge of Stratford vpon
+Auen, at the east end of the towne. This bridge hath fouretéene great
+arches, and a long cawsie with smaller arches, all made of stone, new
+walled on each side. At the west end of the bridge, he builded a faire
+large chappell. Toward the south end of that towne, & néere vnto the
+same a pretie house of bricke and timber, where he laie, and ended his
+life. He glased the chancell of the parish church in that towne, and
+made a waie of foure miles long, thrée miles from Alesburie towards
+London, and one mile beyond Alesburie.]
+
+[Sidenote: Such long and looked for alteration of states.]
+
+[Sidenote: False rumors occasions of great disquietnes.]
+
+But to returne to Perkin: the brute of whome in England, blowne
+throughout the realme, sore disquieted the people, insomuch that not
+onelie the meaner sort, but also manie of the nobles and worshipfull
+personages beléeued and published it abroad, that all was true which
+was reported of him. And not onelie they that were in sanctuaries but
+also manie other that were fallen in debt, assembled in a companie, and
+passed ouer the seas into Flanders, to their counterfeit duke of Yorke,
+otherwise rightlie named Perkin Warbecke. Truelie the realme of England
+was in maner diuided (with the rumor and vaine fable spred abroad of
+this twise borne duke) into partakings and contrarie factions. And some
+of the noble men conspired togither, purposing to aid the foresaid
+Perkin, as the man whome they reputed to be the verie sonne of king
+Edward; and that the matter was not feigned, but altogether true, iust,
+and not imagined of any malicious pretense or euill purpose.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 8.]
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin counterfeiteth the duke of Yorke verie cunninglie.]
+
+And bicause the thing was weightie, and required great aid and
+assistance, therefore they determined to send messengers vnto the ladie
+Margaret, to know when Richard duke of Yorke might conuenientlie come
+into England; to the intent that they being thereof certified, might
+be in a readinesse to helpe and succour him at his arriuall. So by
+the common consent of the conspirators, sir Robert Clifford knight,
+and William Barleie, were sent into Flanders, which discouered to
+the duches all the secret intents and priuie meanings of the fréends
+and fautors of the new found duke. The duches gladlie receiued this
+message, and after shée had heard their errand, shée brought the
+messenger to the sight of Perkin, who so well counterfeited the
+gesture, countenance, and maner of Richard duke of Yorke, that sir
+Robert Clifford beléeued verelie, that he was the second sonne of king
+Edward; and therefore wrote a letter of credit into England to his
+complices: and to put them out of doubt, he affirmed that he knew him
+to be king Edwards sonne by his face, and other lineaments of his bodie.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkins true linage.]
+
+Vpon this letter, the chéefe dooers in this businesse spred the
+signification thereof abroad through the realme, to the intent to
+stirre the people to some new tumult and commotion: but it was doone by
+such a secret craft, that no man could tell who was the author of that
+rumor. The king perceiued that this vaine fable was not vanished out
+of the mad brains of the common people. To prouide therefore against
+all perils that might thereby insue, he sent certeine knights that were
+skilfull men of warre, with competent bands of soldiers, to kéepe the
+sea coasts and hauens, to vnderstand who came in and went out of the
+realme; doubting least some great conspiracie were in brewing against
+him. He also sent into the low countries certeine persons, to learne
+the truth of this forged dukes progenie, where some of them that were
+so sent, comming to Tournie, got knowledge that he was borne in that
+citie, of base linage, and named Perkin Warbecke.
+
+[Sidenote: Ambassadors sent to Philip archduke of Burgognie.]
+
+The king then aduertised not onelie by his espials vpon their returne,
+but also from other his trustie fréends, determined with all spéed to
+haue the fraud published, both in England and forren parts: and for the
+same cause sent sir Edward Poinings knight, & sir William Warram doctor
+of the laws vnto Philip archduke of Burgognie, and to his councellors
+(bicause he was not of age able to gouerne of himselfe) to signifie
+to him and them, that the yoong man, being with the ladie Margaret,
+had falselie and vntruelie vsurped the name of Richard duke of Yorke,
+which long before was murthered with his brother Edward in the Tower of
+London, by the commandement of their vncle king Richard, as manie men
+then liuing could testifie.
+
+[Sidenote: The sum of D. Warrams spéech to the archduke.]
+
+The ambassadors comming to the court of Philip the archduke, were
+honorablie interteined of him and of his councell, and willed to
+declare the effect of their message. William Warram made to them an
+eloquent oration, and in the later end somewhat inueihed against the
+ladie Margaret, not sparing to declare, how she now in hir later age
+had brought foorth (within the space of a few yeares togither) two
+detestable monsters, that is to saie, Lambert (of whom yée heard
+before) and this same Perkin Warbecke, and being conceiued of these
+two great babes, was not deliuered of them in eight or nine moneths
+as nature requireth; but in one hundred and eightie moneths, for both
+these at the lest were fiftéene yéers of age, yer she would be brought
+in bed of them, and shew them openlie; and when they were newlie crept
+out of hir wombe, they were no infants but lustie yoonglings, and of
+age sufficient to bid battell to kings. Although these tawnts angred
+the ladie Margaret to the hart, yet Perkin was more vexed with the
+things declared in this oration, and especiallie bicause his cloaked
+iuggling was brought to light.
+
+The duches intending to cast hot sulphur into the new kindled fire,
+determined with might and maine to arme and set forward prettie Perkin
+against the king of England. When the ambassadors had doone their
+message, and that the archdukes councell had long debated the matter;
+they made answer, that to haue the king of Englands loue, the archduke
+and they would neither aid nor assist Perkin nor his complices in
+anie cause or quarrell. Yet notwithstanding if the ladie Margaret,
+persisting in hir rooted malice towards the king of England, would
+be to him aiding and helping, it was not in their power to withstand
+it; for bicause in the lands assigned to hir for hir dower, she might
+franklie and fréelie order all things at hir will and pleasure, without
+contradiction of anie other gouernour.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 9.]
+
+[Sidenote: Espials sent into Flanders from the king for a subtill
+policie.]
+
+After that the ambassadors were returned with this answer, the king
+streight sent foorth certeine espials into Flanders, which should
+feigne themselues to haue fled to the duke of Yorke; and thereby search
+out the whole intent of the conspiracie, and after what sort they meant
+to procéed in the same. Others were sent also to intise sir Robert
+Clifford and William Barleie, to returne into England, promising to
+them pardon of all their offenses and high rewards for obeieng the
+kings request. They that were sent, did so earnestlie and prudentlie
+applie their businesse, that they brought all things to passe at their
+owne desires. For first they learned who were the chéefe conspirators,
+and after persuaded sir Robert Clifford to giue ouer that enterprise,
+which had no grounded staie to rest vpon. Albeit William Barleie at the
+first would not leaue off, but continued his begun attempt; till after
+two yeares, he repenting him of his follie, & hauing pardon granted him
+of the king, returned home into his natiue countrie.
+
+[Sidenote: The conspiring fautors of the counterfeit duke of Yorke.]
+
+When the king had knowledge of the chiefe capteins of this conspiracie
+(by the ouerture of his espials which were returned) he caused them to
+be apprehended, and brought to London before his presence. Of the which
+the chiefe were Iohn Ratcliffe, lord Fitz-Water, sir Simon Montford,
+sir Tho. Thwaits knights, William Daubenie, Robert Ratclifte, Thomas
+Cressenor, and Thomas Astwood. Also certeine préests & religious men,
+as sir William Richford doctor of diuinitie, and sir Thomas Poines,
+both friers of saint Dominikes order, doctor William Sutton, sir
+William Worseleie deane of Paules, Robert Laiborne, and sir Richard
+Lesleie. Other which were guiltie, hearing that their fellowes were
+apprehended, fled and tooke sanctuarie. The other that were taken were
+condemned, of the which sir Simon Montford, Robert Ratcliffe, and
+William Daubenie were beheaded.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Flem._]
+
+Some had their pardons, and the préests also for their order sake;
+but yet few of them liued long after. The lord Fitz-Water pardoned of
+life, was conueied to Calis, and there laid in hold, & after lost his
+head; bicause he went about to corrupt his kéepers with rewards, that
+he might escape, intending (as was thought) to haue gone to Perkin.
+[Thus by the policie and subtile deuise of the king, practised to the
+point by his espials, the sinewes of this conspiracie was rent in
+sunder. So that the malicious ladie Margaret was not a little swolne
+with indignation when she saw the course of hir deuise (now that it
+had passed so far as that it was knowne to people on this side and
+beyond the seas) stopped, and the confederacie (whereto she speciallie
+trusted) dissolued. Yet notwithstanding, as women will not (to die for
+it) giue ouer an enterprise, which of an enuious purpose they attempt;
+so she put hir irons afresh into the fier to set hir hatred forward:
+whome a while we will leaue at worke, and shew some doings betwéene
+England and Flanders.]
+
+[Sidenote: Flemish wares forbidden.]
+
+[Sidenote: The mart kept at Calis.]
+
+[Sidenote: English commodities banished out of Flanders.]
+
+King Henrie taking displeasure with the king of Romans, for that he
+kept not touch in aiding him against the French king, and partlie
+displeased with the Flemings, but speciallie with the ladie Margaret,
+for kéeping and setting forward Perkin Warbecke, not onelie banished
+all Flemish wares and merchandizes out of his dominions, but also
+restreined all English merchants from their repaire and traffike into
+anie of the lands and territories of the king of Romans, or of the
+archduke Philip, sonne to the same king of the Romans; causing the
+mart to be kept at Calis, of all English merchandizes and commodities.
+Wherefore the said king and his sonne banished out of their lands
+and seigniories all English clothes, yarne, tin, lead, and other
+commodities of this realme. The restreint made by the king sore
+hindered the merchants aduenturers; for they had no occupieng to beare
+their charges, and to support their credit withall.
+
+[Sidenote: A riot made vpon the Easterlings.]
+
+And that most gréeued them, the Easterlings being at libertie, brought
+to the realme such wares as they were woont, & so serued their
+customers throughout the realme. Wherevpon there insued a riot by the
+seruants of the mercers, haberdashers, & clothworkers in the citie of
+London, the tuesdaie before saint Edwards day. For they perceiuing what
+hinderance grew to their maisters, in that they were not able so well
+to kéepe them as before they had doone, assembled togither in purpose
+to reuenge their malice on the Easterlings, & so came to the Stilliard,
+& began to rifle & spoile such chambers & warehouses as they cold get
+into. So that the Easterlings had much adoo to withstand them, & kéepe
+them back out of their gates, which with helpe of carpenters, smiths,
+and other that came to them by water out of Southwarke, they shored &
+so fortified, that the multitude of the seruants and prentises, being
+assembled, could not preuaile.
+
+At length came the maior with a number of men, defensiblie weaponed, to
+remooue the force; at whose approch those riotous persons fled awaie
+like a flocke of shéepe. But diuerse of them were apprehended, and
+vpon inquirie made before the kings commissioners, aboue foure score
+seruants & apprentises were found to be conspired togither, and sworne
+not to reueale it; of whome some of the chiefe beginners were committed
+to the Tower, and there long continued. But in conclusion, bicause none
+of their maisters, nor anie one housholder was found culpable, the king
+of his clemencie pardoned their offense, and restored them to libertie.
+[For he thought it no credit to his crowne to take vengeance of such
+sillie soules by seueritie of death, whom in clemencie pardoning he
+might restore to a reformed life.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex. I. S. pag. 867._]
+
+[Sidenote: Execution for seditious bils against the kings person.]
+
+[Sidenote: Vittels plentie sold good cheape.]
+
+¶ On the two & twentith of Februarie in this yéere were arreigned in
+the Guildhall of London foure persons, Thomas Bagnall, Iohn Scot, Iohn
+Heath, and Iohn Kenington, the which were sanctuarie men of saint
+Martins le grand in London, and latelie before were taken out of the
+said sanctuarie, for forging of seditious bils, to the slander of
+the king, & some of his councell, for the which thrée of them were
+iudged to die; and the fourth named Bagnall, pleaded to be restored to
+sanctuarie: by reason whereof he was repriued to the Tower till the
+next tearme: and on the six and twentith of Februarie, the other thrée
+with a Fleming, and a yeoman of the crowne, were all fiue executed at
+Tiborne. ¶ On the eight and twentith of Aprill Ione Boughton widow was
+burnt in Smithfield, for holding certeine opinions of Iohn Wickliffe.
+Wheat was sold at London at six pence the bushell, baie salt for thrée
+pence halfe penie the bushell, Nantwich salt was sold for six pence the
+bushell, white herings nine shillings the barrell, red herings at thrée
+shillings the cade, red sprots six pence the cade, & Gascoigne wine for
+six pound the tun.
+
+[Sidenote: 1494.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 10.]
+
+[Sidenote: Policie of K. Henrie against Robert Clifford.]
+
+Shortlie after sir Robert Clifford, partlie trusting on the kings
+promise, and partlie mistrusting the desperat begun enterprise,
+returned suddenlie againe into England. The king certified before of
+his comming, went streight to the Tower of London the morow after the
+day of Epiphanie, & there taried till such time as sir Robert Clifford
+was there presented to his person. This was doone for a policie, that
+if sir Robert accused anie of the nobilitie, they might be called
+thither without suspicion of anie euill, and their attached and laid
+fast. Some thought also, that for a policie king Henrie sent sir Robert
+Clifford ouer as an espie, or else he would not so soone haue receiued
+him into fauour againe. Neuerthelesse, there were great presumptions
+that it was nothing so, for both was he in great danger after his begun
+attempt, and neuer was so much estéemed with the king afterward as he
+was before.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir William Stanleie a fauourer of Perkin.]
+
+But this is true, vpon his comming to the kings presence, he besought
+him of pardon, and obteined it; and therewith opened all the maner of
+the conspiracie, so far as he knew, and who were aiders, fautors, and
+chiefe beginners of it; amongst whome he accused sir William Stanleie,
+whome the king had made his chiefe chamberleine, and one of his priuie
+councell. The king was sorie to heare this, and could not be induced to
+beléeue that there was so much vntruth in him, till by euident proofes
+it was tried against him. Then the king caused him to be restreined
+from his libertie in his owne chamber within the quadrat tower, and
+there appointed him by his priuie councell to be examined, in which
+examination he nothing denied, but wiselie and sagelie agréed to all
+things laid to his charge if he were faultie therein.
+
+[Sidenote: The offense of sir William Stanleie.]
+
+[Sidenote: Coniectures of sir William Stanleies alienated mind from
+king Henrie.]
+
+The report is, that this was his offense. When communication was had
+betwixt him, and the aboue mentioned sir Robert Clifford, as concerning
+Perkin, which falselie vsurped the name of K. Edwards sonne; sir
+William Stanleie said, that if he knew certeinlie that the yoong man
+was the indubitate heire of king Edward the fourth, he would neuer
+fight or beare armour against him. This point argued, that he bare no
+hartie good will toward king Henrie as then. But what was the cause
+that he had conceiued some inward grudge towards the king; or how it
+chanced that the king had withdrawen his speciall fauor from him, manie
+haue doubted. Some indéed haue gessed, that sir William Stanleie, for
+the seruice which he shewed at Bosworth field thought that all the
+benefits which he receiued of the king to be farre vnder that which
+he had deserued, in preseruing not onelie the kings life; but also in
+obteining for him the victorie of his enimies, so that his aduersarie
+was slaine in the field.
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie in a quandare.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1495.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir William Stanleie beheaded.]
+
+Wherefore desiring to be created earle of Chester, and therof denied,
+he began to disdeine the king. And one thing incouraged him much, which
+was the riches and treasure of king Richard, which he onlie possessed
+at the battell of Bosworth; by reason of which riches and great power
+of men, he set naught by the king his souereigne lord and maister. The
+king hauing thus an hole in his coat, doubted first what he should
+doo with him; for loth he was to lose the fauour of his brother the
+earle of Derbie: and againe to pardon him, he feared least it should
+be an euill example to other, that should go about to attempt the like
+offense. And so at length, seueritie got the vpper hand, & mercie was
+put backe, in so much that he was arreigned at Westminster and adiudged
+to die, and (according to that iudgement) was brought to the Tower hill
+the sixtéenth daie of Februarie, and there had his head striken off.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Flem._]
+
+[Sidenote: Sée pag. 446.]
+
+[This was the end of sir William Stanleie the chiefest helper of king
+Henrie to the crowne at Bosworth field against king Richard the third,
+and who set the same crowne first vpon the kings head, when it was
+found in the field trampled vnder féet. He was a man (while he liued)
+of great power in his countrie, and also of great wealth: in somuch
+as the common fame ran, that there was in his castell of Holt found
+in readie coine, plate, and iewels, to the value of fortie thousand
+markes or more, and his land and fées extended to thrée thousand pounds
+by yeare. Neuerthelesse all helped not; neither his good seruice in
+Bosworth field, neither his forwardnesse (euen with the hazard of
+life) to prefer K. Henrie to the crowne, neither his faithfulnesse in
+cleauing to him at all brunts, neither the bond of aliance betwixt
+them, neither the power that he was able to make, neither the riches
+which he was worth, neither intercession of fréends, which he wanted
+not; none of these, nor all these could procure the redemption of his
+lost life:
+
+    O fluxum decus hominum, ô variabile tempus.
+
+[Sidenote: _Iohn Stow. pag. 969._]
+
+[Sidenote: The king and quéene dine at sergeants feast kept at Elie
+palace.]
+
+[Sidenote: A wonder to be noted in a corpse that laie long in the
+ground.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Rich. Grafton._]
+
+¶ On the sixtéenth of Nouember was holden the sergeants feast at the
+bishops palace of Elie in Holborne, where dined the king, quéene, and
+all the chiefe lords of England. The new sergeants names were maister
+Mordant, Higham, Kingsmill, Conisbie, Butler, Yakesleie, Frowike,
+Oxenbridge, & Constable. In digging for to laie a new foundation in
+the church of saint Marie hill in London, the bodie of Alice Hackneie
+which had béene buried in the church the space of 175 yeares, was
+found whole of skinne, & the ioints of hir armes pliable: which corpse
+was kept aboue ground foure daies without annoiance, and then buried
+againe. ¶Also this yeare (as maister Grafton saith) at the charges of
+maister Iohn Tate aldermman of London was the church of saint Anthonies
+founded, & annexed vnto the college of Windsore, wherein was erected
+one notable and frée schoole to the furtherance of learning, and a
+number of poore people (by the name of almesmen, which were poore,
+aged, and decaied housholders) reléeued, to the great commendation
+of that worthie man, who so liued in worship, that his death by his
+worthie dooings maketh him still aliue; for he was not forgetfull to
+beautifie the good state of this citie, in which by wealth he had
+tasted of Gods blesings.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 11.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lord Daubenie the kings chéefe chamberleine.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Edward Poinings sent into Ireland with an armie.]
+
+About this same time diuerse men were punished that had vpon a
+presumptuous boldnesse spoken mame slanderous words against the
+kings maiestie hoping still for the arriuall of the feigned Richard
+duke of Yorke. After the death of sir William Stanleie, Giles lord
+Daubeneie was elected and made the kings chéefe chamberleine. Also,
+the K. sent into Ireland (to purge out the euill & wicked séeds of
+rebellion amongst the wild and sauage Irish people, sowed there by
+crafie conueiance of Perkin Warbecke) sir Henrie Deane, late abbat of
+Langtonie (whome he made chancellor of that Ile) & sir Edward Poinings
+knight, with an armie of men. The fauourers of Perkin, hearing that
+sir Edward Poinings was come with a power to persecute them, withdrew
+streightwaies, and fled into the woods and marishes for the safegard of
+themselues.
+
+Sir Edward Poinings according to his commission, intending to punish
+such as had aided and aduanced the enterprise of Perkin, with his whole
+armie marched forward against the wild Irishmen, bicause that all other
+being culpable of that offense fled and resorted to them for succour.
+But when he saw that his purpose succéeded not as he would haue wished
+it; both bicause the Irish lords sent him no succour according to
+their promises; and also for that his owne number was not sufficient
+to furnish his enterprise, bicause his emimes were dispersed amongst
+woods, mounteins, and marishes; he was constreined to recule backe,
+sore displeased in his mind against Gerald earle of Kildare, being then
+the kings deputie.
+
+[Sidenote: Gerald earle of Kildare deputie of Ireland apprehended.]
+
+[Sidenote: King Henries progresse into Lancashire.]
+
+Now the cause of this his discontentment was, for that the said earle
+was suspected to be the meane that he had no succours sent him, and
+was so informed in déed by such as bare the earle no good will. And
+therefore suddenlie he caused the earle to be apprehended, and as a
+prisoner brought him in his companie into England. Which earle being
+examined, and sundrie points of treason laid to him, he so auoided them
+all, & laid the burthen in other mens necks, that he was dismissed, and
+sent into Ireland againe there to be deputie and lieutenant as he was
+before. The king being now in some better suertie of his estate, did
+take his progresse into Lancashire the fiue & twentith daie of Iune,
+there to make merrie with his moother the countesse of Derbie, which
+then laie at Lathome in the countrie.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin attempteth to land in Kent in hope of victorie.]
+
+In this meane while Perkin Warbecke, being in Flanders, sore troubled
+that his juggling was discouered, yet he determined not to leaue off
+his enterprise, in hope at length to atteine the crowne of England:
+and so gathering a power of all nations, some bankrupts, some false
+English sanctuarie men, some théeues, robbers, and vagabunds, which
+desiring to liue by rapine, were glad to serue him. And thus furnished,
+he took such ships as his fréends had prouided for him: and departing
+from Flanders towards England, he arriued vpon the Kentish coast,
+& there cast anchor, purposing to prooue how the people there were
+affected towards him: and therefore he sent certeine of his men to
+land, to signifie to the countrie his arriuall with such power, that
+the victorie must incline to his part.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkins men discomfited.]
+
+The Kentishmen vnderstanding that Perkin was but Perkin, and had none
+with him (to make account of) but strangers borne, like faithfull
+subiects determined to fall vpon those that were thus new come to
+land, and to trie if they might allure the whole number out of their
+ships, so to giue them battell. But Perkin wiselie considering that
+the maner of a multitude is not to consult, and sagelie to aduise with
+themselues in anie deliberate sort, but suddenlie and rashlie to run
+headlong into rebellion, would not set one foot out of his ship, vntill
+he saw all things sure. Yet he permitted some of his souldiers to go
+on land, which being trained foorth a pretie waie from their ships,
+were suddenlie compassed about and beset of the Kentishmen, and at one
+stroke vanquished and driuen backe to their ships.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkins capteins taken & executed.]
+
+[Sidenote: Perkins reculeth into Flanders.]
+
+[Sidenote: The death of Cicilie duchesse of Yorke moother to Edward the
+fourth.]
+
+Of these discomfited soules were taken prisoners an hundred and
+fortie persons, whereof fiue, Montfort, Corbet, White Belt, Quintin
+(or otherwise Genin) being capteins were brought to London by sir
+Iohn Pechie, shiriffe of Kent, railed in ropes like horsses drawing
+in a cart, & after vpon their arreignment confessed their offense,
+and were executed, some at London, and other in the townes adioining
+to the sea coast. And thus Perkin, missing of his purpose, fled
+backe into Flanders. In this verie season departed to God Cicilie
+duchesse of Yorke moother to king Edward the fourth, at hir castell of
+Berkhamstéed, a woman of small stature, but of much honour and high
+parentage, and was buried by hir husband in the college of Fodringeie.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Richard Gilford.]
+
+The king being aduertised that his enimies were landed, leauing off his
+progresse, purposed to haue returned to London; but being certified the
+next day of the luckie spéed of his faithfull subiects, continued his
+progresse, & did send sir Richard Gilford both to commend the fidelitie
+and manhood of the Kentishmen, and also to render to them most hartie
+thanks for the same. He also caused order to be taken for the erecting
+of beacons, and watching of them. Perkin then perceiuing that he should
+not be receiued into England, sailed into Ireland, trusting there to
+augment his numbers, and then to returne towards the coast of England
+againe, and to take land in the West countrie, if occasion serued; but
+if not, then he determined to saile streight into Scotland, to séeke
+fréendship there.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin saileth into Ireland and is in sundrie opinions.]
+
+[Sidenote: Katharine daughter to the earle of Huntleie maried to
+Perkin.]
+
+After, he had therefore staid a while in Ireland, and perceiued that
+the hope of victorie consisted not in the Irish nation, being naked
+people, without furniture of armour or weapon, he tooke the sea againe
+at Corffe, and sailed into Scotland; where comming to the presence of
+king Iames, he forged such a painted processe to mooue him to beléeue
+that he was the verie sonne of king Edward: that the Scotish king,
+whether blinded with errour, or vsing dissimulation, that he might
+vnder a colourable pretext make war against England, began to haue
+Perkin in great honour, and caused him openlie to be called duke of
+Yorke. And to persuade the world that so he was indéed, he caused
+the ladie Catharine, daughter to Alexander earle of Huntleie, his
+nigh kinsman, to be espoused to him. [But yer we passe anie further,
+you shall sée and peruse (if you will) the said painted processe of
+Perkin, as it is left in record by Edward Hall for an example what
+working force is in words (speciallie where the hearers are easie to
+be seduced) and not to be ouer hastie to giue them too quicke & hastie
+credit. For the poet saith of gaie words void of truth:
+
+[Sidenote: _M. Pal. in Virg._]
+
+    Verba nitent phaleris, at nullas verba medullis
+    Intus habent.
+
+
+The colourable oration or counterfeit tale that Perkin told the king of
+Scots to iustifie his false title.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Flem. ex Edw. Hall, fol._ xxxviij, xxxix.]
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin saith that he is Edward the fourths lawfull sonne.]
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin telleth the king how he was preserued and kept alive.]
+
+I thinke it is not vnknowne vnto you (most noble king and puissant
+prince) into what ruine the stocke house, and familie of Edward the
+fourth, of that name king of England, is now of late brought to and
+fallen in, either by Gods permission, or by diuine punishment; whose
+indubitate sonne (if you know not alreadie) I am, and by the power of
+almightie God, preserued aliue to this houre from the mightie hand of a
+tyrant. For my father king Edward (when he died) appointed his brother
+Richard duke of Glocester to be our gouernour, protector, and defendor;
+whome the more that he loued & studied to aduance and promote, the
+better he thought that he would loue, fauour, and tender his children.
+But alas my vnfortunate chance I may say! how hath his trust béene
+turned into treason, and his hope into hinderance, all men know and
+I féele. Our vncle was not the tutor and preseruer of our stocke and
+linage, but the confounder & destroier of our bloud and progenie.
+For that tyrant, blinded and glutted with the desire of ruling and
+souereigntie, commanded Edward my brother & me to be sklaine and
+dispatched out of this mortall life. Wherevpon that person, to whome
+the weightie and cruell charge was commited and giuen to oppresse and
+destroie vs poore innocent infants, and giltlesse babes, the more that
+he abhorred this heinous and butcherlie offense, the more he feared to
+commit it.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin calleth the ladie Margaret duchesse of Burgognie his
+owne aunt.]
+
+And so wauering in mind and doubtfull what to doo, at the length
+willing in part to stanch the bloudie thirst of the vnnaturall tyrant,
+and in part to absteine from so heinous & detestable homicide, he
+destroied my brother and preserued me; like the good préest Ioiada,
+who saued little Ioas, when all the children of the bloud roiall were
+commanded by Athalia the quéene to be slaine and vtterlie destroied.
+And further, to the intent that my life might be in suertie, he
+appointed one to conueie me into some strange countrie; where when I
+was furthest off, and had most néed of comfort he forsooke me suddenlie
+(I thinke he was so appointed to doo) and left me desolate alone
+without fréend or knowlege of anie reléefe or refuge. And so king
+Richard did obteine the crowne as a preie mischéefouslie gotten by the
+dispatching awaie of my brother and me. So that I thus escaping, by
+reason of my tender infancie, forgat almost my selfe, and knew not well
+what I was. But after long wandering from countrie to countrie, and
+from citie to citie, I perceiued and learned by little and little what
+was my estate & degrée; and so in conclusion came to mine owne aunt the
+ladie Margaret lieng in Flanders, which was sometime married to Charles
+duke of Burgognie, which as ioifullie receiued and welcomed me, as if
+I had come out of hell into heauen, as the onelie type and garland of
+hir noble stirpe and linage. But forsomuch as she being onelie Dowager
+of the duchie of Burgognie, and hauing nothing but hir dowrie proper
+to hir selfe, was not of power to helpe me with men and munitions of
+warre, as she would gladlie haue doone for the recouerie of my fathers
+relme & rightfull inheritance: I therefore am driuen to séeke further
+aid and succour.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin craueth aid of the Scotish king toward the recouerie
+of the crowne of England from king Henrie the seuenth.]
+
+And therefore by hir counsell and aduertisement, with this small
+handfull of men of warre and souldiers, I am repaired to your presence
+for succours; of whome (as the publike fame is spred ouer the whole
+world) there was neuer man by wrong or iniurie chased or driuen out of
+his couutrie, region, or inheritance, or by extort power and tyrannie
+kept out of the same (as I my selfe from mine infancie haue béene)
+whose request was frustrate and denied at your hand. Therefore, by the
+maiestie of your realme & countrie I desire, & heartilie with praier
+as I can, I beséech and exhort you to helpe and reléeue me now in my
+extreame necessitie. And if it chance me by your aid and succour to
+recouer & possesse my father's realme and dignitie; not onelie I, but
+all the kings of our linage, which hereafter shall obteine the same,
+shall be so much obliged and bound vnto to you; that they must néeds
+thinke, that dooing to you all the pleasure and benefits that they can,
+yet with all thanks that can be giuen your great kindnesse can neuer in
+full measure be recompensed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Sidenote: 1496.]
+
+[Sidenote: The Scotish king inuadeth Engl[=a]d with a great armie in
+Perkin his behalfe.]
+
+When he had thus said, the king bad him be of good comfort, and
+promised him that whatsoeuer he were, it should neuer repent of
+his comming to him.] Shortlie after, hauing this Perkin with him
+in companie, he entered into England with a puissant armie, and
+caused proclamation to be made, to spare all those that would submit
+themselues vnto Richard duke of Yorke. Herewith they began the warre in
+most cruell maner, with slaughter of men, burning of townes, spoiling
+of houses, and committing of all other detestable enormities; so that
+all the countrie of Northumberland was by them in maner wasted, and
+destroied. At length, when the souldiers were laden with spoiles, and
+saciate with bloud, perceiuing that no succoures came out of England
+vnto the new inuented duke, contrarie to that which he had made them
+to beléeue would come to passe; they determined to retire rather
+with assured gaine, than to tarrie the vncertaine victorie of that
+counterfeit duke, and so therevpon they withdrew backe into Scotland
+inriched with preies and booties.
+
+[Sidenote: The counterfeit compassion of Perkin.]
+
+It is said, that Perkin Warbecke, being returned into Scotland with the
+king of Scots, vnder a cloked pretense should sore lament the great
+slaughter, spoile, and damage, which had béene doone at this last
+roade made into England; and therefore as one that bare a naturall
+loue toward his natiue countrie, besought the king of Scots, that
+from thensefoorth, he would no more so deface his naturall relme, and
+destroie his subiects with such terrible fire, flame and hauocke; as
+who should saie, he being ouercome now with compassion, did bewaile the
+cruell destruction of his natural countrie of England. But the Scotish
+K. told him, that he séemed to take thought for that which appeared to
+be none of his, sith that not so much as one gentleman or yeoman (for
+ought he could sée) would once shew themselues readie to aid him in the
+warre begun for his cause, and in his name, within that realme which he
+pretended so cléerelie to apperteine to him.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 12.]
+
+[Sidenote: A parlement of the thrée estates of the realme.]
+
+[Sidenote: A subsidie.]
+
+The king of England being certified of this inuasion, prepared an armie
+with all diligence to have resisted the Scots: but they were returned
+yer the English power could assemble togither. Now when the king was
+truelie certified that the Scotish king was returned home, he staied
+all the preparations made at that time to go against him. But yet
+meaning to be reuenged of the wrongs doone to him by king Iames and his
+people; he first called a parlement, and in that assemblie of thrée
+estates of the realme, he declared the cause of the instant warre, and
+how necessarie it should be for the suertie and wealth of the realme
+of England to haue that warre, pursued against those enimies that
+had begun it. To this motion all the nobilitie wholie agréed. And to
+the maintenance of that warre, a subsidie was by whole assent of the
+parlement fréelie giuen and granted. Which paiment though it was not
+great, yet manie of the common people sore grudged to pay the same, as
+they that euer abhorre such taxes and exactions. At the same parlement
+were diuerse acts and statutes made, necessarie & expedient (as was
+thought) for the publike weale of the realme.
+
+[Sidenote: 1497.]
+
+[Sidenote: The king of England and Scotl[=a]d prepare for mutuall
+warre.]
+
+In the meane season the king of Scots, perceiuing that the Englishmen
+would shortlie go about to reuenge the injuries doone to them by him
+and his people, assembled eftsoones a puissant armie, that he might
+either defend his realme against the English power, attempting to
+inuade his countrie, or else afresh to enter into the English borders.
+And thus these two mightie princes minded nothing more than the one
+to indamage the other. But the king of England would not deferre one
+houre by (his good will) till he were reuenged, and therefore prepared
+a mightie armie to inuade Scotland, and ordeined for chéefteine thereof
+the lord Daubeneie. But as this armie was assembled, and that the lord
+Daubenie was forward on his iournie towards Scotland, he was suddenlie
+staid and called backe againe, by reason of a new commotion begun by
+the Cornishmen for the paiment of the subsidie which was granted at the
+last parlement.
+
+[Sidenote: A rebellion in Cornewall for the paiment of a subsidie.]
+
+[Sidenote: The two capteins in this commotion.]
+
+These vnrulie people the Cornishmen, inhabiting in a barren countrie
+and vnfruitfull, at the first sore repined that they should be so
+gréeuouslie taxed, and burdened the kings councell as the onelie cause
+of such polling and pilling: and so being in their rage, menaced the
+chéefe authors with death and present destruction. And thus being in a
+rore, two persons of the affinitie, the one called Thomas Flammocke, a
+gentleman, learned in the lawes of the realme; and the other Michael
+Ioseph, a smith, men of stout stomachs and high courages, tooke vpon
+them to be capteins of this seditious companie. They laid the fault and
+cause of this exaction vnto Iohn Morton, archbishop of Canturburie, and
+to sir Reginald Braie; bicause they were chéefe of the kings councell.
+Such rewards haue they commonlie that be in great authoritie with kings
+and princes.
+
+[Sidenote: The prouost of Perin slaine by the rebels.]
+
+The capteins Flammocke and Ioseph exhorted the common people to put
+on harnesse, and not to be afeard to follow them in that quarrell,
+promising not to hurt anie creature, but onelie to sée them punished
+that procured such exactions to be laid on the people, without anie
+reasonable cause, as vnder the colour of a little trouble with the
+Scots, which (sith they were withdrawne home) they tooke to be well
+quieted and appeased. So these capteins bent on mischéefe, (were their
+outward pretense neuer so finelie coloured) yet persuaded a great
+number of people to assemble togither, and condescended to do as
+their capteins would agrée and appoint. Then these capteins praising
+much the hardines of the people, when all things were readie for
+their infortunate iournie, set forward with their armie, and came to
+Taunton, where they slue the prouost of Perin, which was one of the
+commissioners of the subsidie, and from thence came to Welles, so
+intending to go to London, where the king then soiourned.
+
+[Sidenote: Thomas Howard earle of Surrie high treasuror of England.]
+
+When the king was aduertised of these dooings, he was somewhat
+astonied, and not without cause; being thus troubled with the warre
+against the Scots, and this ciuill commotion of his subiects at one
+instant. But first meaning to subdue his rebellious subiects; and after
+to procéed against the Scots, as occasion should serue, he reuoked the
+lord Daubenie which (as you haue heard) was going against the Scots,
+and increased his armie with manie chosen and piked warriors. Also
+mistrusting that the Scots might now (hauing such opportunitie) inuade
+the relme againe; he appointed the lord Th. Howard erle of Surrie
+(which after the death of the lord Dinham was made high treasuror of
+England) to gather a band of men in the countie Palatine of Durham,
+that they with the aid of the inhabitants adioining, and the borderers,
+might kéepe backe the Scots if they chanced to make anie inuasion. The
+nobles of the realme hearing of the rebellion of the Cornishmen, came
+to London, euerie man with as manie men of warre as they could put in a
+readinesse, to aid the king if néed should be. In the which number were
+the earle of Essex, and the lord Montioy, with diuerse other.
+
+[Sidenote: Iames Twichet lord Audelie chéefe capteine of the Cornish
+rebels.]
+
+In the meane time, Iames Twichet lord Audeleie being confederate with
+the rebels of Cornewall ioined with them, being come to Welles, and
+tooke vpon him as their chéefe capteine to lead them against their
+naturall lord and king. From Welles they went to Salisburie, and from
+thence to Winchester, and so to Kent, where they hoped to haue had
+great aid, but they were deceiued in that their expectation. For the
+erle of Kent, George lord of Aburgauenie, Iohn Brooke, lord Cobham, sir
+Edward Poinings, sir Richard Gilford, sir Thomas Bourchier, Iohn Peche,
+William Scot, and a great number of people, were not onelie prest and
+readie to defend the countrie, to kéepe the people in due obedience,
+but bent to fight with such as would lift vp sword, or other weapon
+against their souereigne lord: insomuch that the Kentishmen would not
+once come néere the Cornishmen, to aid or assist them in anie maner of
+wise.
+
+[Sidenote: Manie of the Cornishmen take their héels by night.]
+
+Which thing maruelouslie dismaid the hearts of the Cornishmen, when
+they saw themselues thus deceiued of the succours which they most
+trusted vpon, so that manie of them (fearing the euill chance that
+might happen) fled in the night from their companie, and left them, in
+hope so to saue themselues. The capteines of the rebels, perceiuing
+they could haue no helpe of the Kentishmen, putting their onelie hope
+in their owne puissance, brought their people to Blacke heath, a foure
+miles distant from London, and there in a plaine on the top of an hill,
+they ordered their battels, either readie to fight with the king if
+he would assail them, or else assault the citie of London: for they
+thought the king durst not have encountered with them in battell. But
+they were deceiued: for the king although he had power inough about to
+haue fought with them before their comming so néere to the citie; yet
+he thought it best to suffer them to come forward, till he had them
+farre off from their natiue countrie, and then to set vpon them being
+destitute of aid in some place of aduantage.
+
+[Sidenote: The citie of London sore afraid of the rebels.]
+
+The citie was in a great feare at the first knowledge giuen, how the
+rebels were so néere incamped to the citie, euerie man getting himselfe
+to harnesse, and placing themselues, some at the gates, some on the
+walles, so that no part was vndefended. But the king deliuered the
+citie of that feare: for after that he perceiued how the Cornishmen
+were all daie readie to fight, and that on the hill; he sent straight
+Iohn Earle of Oxenford, Henrie Bourchier, earle of Essex, Edmund de
+la Poole, earle of Suffolke, sir Rise ap Thomas, and sir Humfreie
+Stanleie, noble warriors, with a great companie of archers and
+horssemen, to enuiron the hill on the right side, and on the left, to
+the intent that all bywaies being stopped and foreclosed, all hope of
+flight should be taken from them. And incontinentlie he himselfe, being
+as well incouraged with manlie stomachs as furnished with a populous
+armie and plentie of artillerie, set forward out of the citie, and
+incamped himselfe in saint Georges field, where he on the fridaie at
+night then lodged.
+
+[Sidenote: Blackheath field.]
+
+[Sidenote: Thrée hundred slaine, & a thousand fiue hundred taken
+prisoners, as Iohn Stow saith.]
+
+On the saturdaie in the morning, he sent the lord Daubeneie with a
+great companie to set on them earlie in the morning, which first
+got the bridge at Dertford Strand, which was manfullie defended by
+certeine archers of the rebels, whose arrows (as is reported) were in
+length a full cloth yard. While the earles set on them on euerie side,
+the lord Daubenie came into the field with his companie, and without
+long fighting, the Cornishmen were ouercome; and first they tooke the
+lord Daubenie prisoner: but whether it were for feare, or for hope of
+fauour, they let him go at libertie, without hurt or detriment. There
+were slaine of the rebels which fought and resisted, aboue two thousand
+men (as Edward Hall noteth) and taken prisoners an infinite number, &
+amongst them the blacke smith, and other the chéefe capteins, which
+were shortlie after put to death. When this battel was ended, the king
+wanted of all his numbers but thrée hundred, which were slaine at that
+conflict.
+
+[Sidenote: Iames lord Audelie ignominiouslie drawne to execution and
+beheaded.]
+
+Some affirme, that the king appointed to haue fought with them not
+till the mondaie, and preuenting the time set on them on the saturdaie
+before, taking them vnprouided, and in no arraie of battell; and so by
+that policie obteined the field and victorie. The prisoners as well
+capteins as other, were pardoned, sauing the chéefe capteins and first
+beginners, to whome he shewed no mercie at all. The lord Audeleie was
+drawne from Newgate to the Tower-hill in a coate of his own armes,
+painted vpon paper reuersed and all torne, and there was beheaded the
+foure and twentith of Iune. Thomas Flammocke & Michael Ioseph were
+hanged, drawne, and quartered after the maner of traitors, & their
+heads and quarters were pitched vpon stakes, and set vp in London, and
+in other places: although at the first, the king meant to haue sent
+them into Cornewall, to haue béene set vp there for a terror to all
+others. But hearing that the Cornishmen at home were readie to begin
+a new conspiracie, least he should the more irritate and prouoke them
+by that displeasant sight, he changed his purpose, for doubt to wrap
+himselfe in more trouble than néeded.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 13.]
+
+[Sidenote: The Scots invade the English borders.]
+
+[Sidenote: Fox bishop of Durham owner of Norham castell.]
+
+While these things were adooing in England, the king of Scots being
+aduertised of the whole matter and rebellion of the Cornishmen, thought
+not to let passe that occasion: and therefore he eftsoones inuaded
+the frontiers of England, wasting the countrie, burning townes, and
+murthering the people, spareing neither place nor person: and while his
+light horsmen were riding to forraie and destroie the bishoprike of
+Durham, and there burned all about, he with an other part of his armie
+did besiege the castell of Norham. The bishop of Durham Richard Fox,
+being owner of that castell, had well furnished it both with men and
+munitions aforehand, doubting least that would follow which came now to
+passe. The bishop, after that the Scots made this inuasion, aduertised
+the king (as then being at London) of all things that chanced in the
+North parts; and sent in all post hast to the earle of Surrie, to come
+to the rescue. The earle being then in Yorkeshire, and hauing gathered
+an armie, vpon knowledge giuen to him from the bishop, with all
+diligence marched forward, and after him followed other noble men out
+of all the quarters of the North, euerie of them bringing as manie men
+as they could gather, for defense of their countrie.
+
+[Sidenote: What lords & knights with their companies went to the rescue
+of the castell against the Scots.]
+
+Amongst these, the chéefe leaders were, Rafe earle of Westmerland,
+Thomas lord Dacres, Rafe lord Neuill, George lord Strange, Richard lord
+Latimer, George lord Lumleie, Iohn lord Scroope, Henrie lord Clifford,
+George lord Ogle, William lord Coniers, Thomas lord Darcie. Of knights,
+Thomas baron of Hilton, sir William Persie, sir William Bulmer, sir
+William Gascoigne, sir Rafe Bigod, sir Rafe Bowes, sir Thomas a Parre,
+sir Rafe Ellecker, sir Iohn Constable, sir Iohn Ratcliffe, sir Iohn
+Sauill, sir Thomas Strangweis, and a great number of other knights
+and esquiers besides. The whole armie was little lesse than twentie
+thousand men, beside the nauie, whereof the lord Brooke was admerall.
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Surreie entreth Scotland defacing castels and
+towers.]
+
+When the Scots had diuerse waies assaulted and beaten the castell of
+Norham, but could make no batterie to enter the same, they determined
+of their owne accord to raise the siege, and returne; and that so
+much the sooner in verie déed, bicause they heard that the earle of
+Surrie was within two daies iournie of them, with a great puissance.
+Wherefore king Iames raised his siege, and returned home into his owne
+realme. When the earle knew of the kings returne, he followed him with
+all hast possible, trusting suerlie to ouertake him, and to giue him
+battell. When the earle was entred Scotland, he ouerthrew and defaced
+the castell of Cawdestreimes, the tower of Hetenhall, the tower of
+Edington, the tower of Fulden: and he sent Norreie king at armes to
+the capteine of Haiton castell, which was one of the strongest places
+betwixt Berwike and Edenburgh, to deliuer him the castell. Which he
+denied to doo, affirming that he was sure of spéedie succours.
+
+The earle héerevpon laid his ordinance to the castell, and continuallie
+beat it, from two of the clocke till fiue at night, in such wise, that
+they within rendered vp the place, their liues onelie saued. The earle
+caused his minors to raise & ouerthrow the fortresse to the plaine
+ground. The Scotish king was within a mile of the siege, and both
+knew it, and saw the smoke, but would not set one foot forward to the
+rescue. While the erle laie at Haiton, the king of Scots sent to him
+Machemont, and an other herald, desiring him at his election, either to
+fight with whole puissance against puissance, or else they two to fight
+person to person; requiring that if the victorie fell to the Scotish
+king, that then the earle should deliuer for his ransome, the towne of
+Berwike, with the fishgarths of the same.
+
+[Sidenote: The valiant hart of the erle of Surrie reioising at his hap
+likelie to fight hand to hand with the K. of Scots.]
+
+The earle made answer hereto, that the towne of Berwike was the king
+his maisters, and not his, the which he neither ought nor would laie
+to pledge, without the king of Englands assent; but he would gage his
+bodie, which was more pretious to him than all the townes of the world,
+promising on his honour, that if he tooke the king prisoner in that
+singular combat, he would release to him all his part of the fine and
+ransome; and if it chanced the king to vanquish him, he would gladlie
+paie such ransome as was conuenient for the degrée of an earle, and
+thanked him greatlie for the offer: for suerlie he thought himselfe
+much honored, that so noble a prince would vouchsafe to admit so poore
+an earle to fight with him bodie to bodie. When he had rewarded and
+dismissed the heralds, he set his armie in a readinesse, to abide the
+comming of the king of Scots, and so stood all daie.
+
+[Sidenote: An ambassadour from the K. of Spaine to treat a peace
+betwixt England and Scotland.]
+
+But king Iames not regarding his offers, would neither performe the
+one nor the other; fearing to cope with the English nation in anie
+condition; and so therevpon fled in the night season with all his
+puissance. When the earle knew that the king was reculed, and had béene
+in Scotland six or seuen daies, being dailie and nightlie vexed with
+continuall wind and raine, vpon good and deliberate aduise returned
+backe to the towne of Berwike, and there dissolued his armie, tarieng
+there himselfe, till he might vnderstand further of the kings pleasure.
+In the meane time there came an ambassadour to the K. of Scots from the
+K. of Spaine, one Peter Hialas, a man of no lesse learning than wit &
+policie, to mooue and intret a peace betwéene the two kings of England
+& Scotland [that their people might fall to their necessarie trades of
+aduantage with quietnesse, and friend with friend, husband with wife,
+father with children, and maisters with seruants dwell and accompanie:
+a dissolution and separation of whom one from another is procured by
+bloudie warre, wherein as there is no pitie, so is there is no pietie,
+as one saith full trulie:
+
+[Sidenote: _Luc. Lib. 10._]
+
+    Nulla fides pietásque viris qui castra sequuntur,
+    Nulla salus bello.]
+
+This Spanish ambassadour so earnestlie trauelled in his message vnto
+the king of Scots, that at length he found him conformable to his
+purpose: and therefore wrote to the king of England, that it would
+please him to send one of his nobilitie or councell, to be associat
+with him in concluding of peace with the Scotish king. The king of
+England was neuer dangerous to agrée to anie reasonable peace, so
+it might stand with his honour; and therefore appointed the bishop
+of Durham doctor Fox, to go into Scotland about that treatie which
+Peter Hialas had begun. The bishop (according to his commission) went
+honorablie into Scotland, where he and Peter Hialas at the towne of
+Iedworth, after long arguing and debating of matters with the Scotish
+commissioners, in stéed of peace concluded a truce for certeine yeares;
+vpon condition, that Iames king of Scots should conueie Perkin Warbecke
+out of his realme, seigniories, and dominions.
+
+[Sidenote: The English merchants receiued into Antwerpe with generall
+procession.]
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin is faine to packe out of Scotland.]
+
+About the same time, king Henrie receiued the ambassadors that were
+sent to him from the French king, and had béene staied at Douer, till
+the Cornish rebels were vanquished and subdued. Also the lord of
+Camphire, and other oratours of Philip archduke of Austrich, and duke
+of Burgognie came to him for the conclusion of amitie, and to haue the
+English merchants to resort againe to their countrie. Which request
+being verie agréeable to the quietnesse and wealth of his realme, and
+especiallie at that time, he did fauorablie grant and agrée vnto. And
+so did the Englishmen resort againe into the archdukes dominions, and
+were receiued into Antwerpe with generall procession: so glad was that
+towne of their returne. Shortlie after the concluding of the truce
+betwéene England and Scotland, Perkin Warbecke being willed of the king
+of Scots to depart out of the Scotish dominions, sailed with his wife
+and familie into Ireland, there determining with himselfe either to
+repaire into Flanders to his first setter vp the duches of Burgognie,
+or else ioine and take part with the Cornishmen.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin Warbecke arriueth in Cornewall.]
+
+[Sidenote: Another rebellion by the Cornishmen.]
+
+[Sidenote: Perkins thrée councellors.]
+
+But howsoeuer it came to passe, whilest he laie in Ireland, he had
+knowledge from the Cornishmen, that they were readie to renew the warre
+againe. Wherevpon he minding not to let passe so faire an occasion,
+hauing with him foure small ships, and not aboue six score men, sailed
+into Cornewall; and there landed in the moneth of September, and came
+to a towne called Bodman, and there did so prouoke the wauering
+people, what with faire words and large promises, that he gathered to
+him aboue thrée thousand persons, which immediatlie called him their
+capteine, promising to take his part, and follow him to the death. Then
+Perkin well incouraged, made proclamations in the name of king Richard
+the fourth, as sonne to king Edward the fourth. And by the aduise of
+his thrée councellors, Iohn Heron mercer a bankrupt, Richard Skelton a
+tailor, and Iohn Astelie a scriuener determined first of all to assaie
+the winning of Excester.
+
+[Sidenote: Excester assaulted by Perkin & the Cornishmen.]
+
+[Sidenote: The citie of Excester preserued from fire by fire.]
+
+Then hasting thither, he laid siege to it, and wanting ordinance to
+make batterie, studied all waies possible how to breake the gates, and
+what with casting of stones, heauing with iron barres, and kindling of
+fire vnder the gates, he omitted nothing that could be deuised for the
+furtherance of his purpose. The citizens, perceiuing in what danger
+they stood, first let certeine messengers downe by cords ouer the
+wall, that might certifie the king of their necessitie & trouble. And
+herewith taking vnto them boldnenesse of courage, determined to repell
+fire with fire, and caused fagots to be brought and laied to the inward
+parts of the gates, and set them all on fire; to the intent that the
+fire being inflamed on both sides the gates, might as well kéepe out
+their enimies from entring, as shut in the citizens from fléeing out,
+and that they in the meane season might make trenches and rampiers to
+defend their enimies in stéed of gates and bulworks. Thus by fire was
+the citie preserued from fire.
+
+[Sidenote: The king maketh out his power against Perkin.]
+
+Then Perkin of verie necessitie compelled to forsake the gates,
+assaulted the towne in diuerse weake and vnfortified places, and
+set vp ladders to take the citie. But the citizens, with helpe of
+such as were come foorth of the countrie adioining to their aid, so
+valiantlie defended the walles, that they slue aboue two hundred of
+Perkins souldiers at that assault. The king hauing aduertisement of
+this siege of Excester, hasted foorth with his host, in as much spéed
+as was possible, and sent the lord Daubeneie with certeine bands of
+light horssemen before, to aduertise all men of his comming at hand.
+But in the meane season, the lord Edward Courtneie earle of Deuonshire,
+and the valiant lord William his sonne, accompanied with sir Edmund
+Carew, sir Thomas Trenchard, sir William Courtneie, sir Thomas Fulford,
+sir Iohn Halewell, sir Iohn Croker, Water Courtnie, Peter Edgecombe,
+William saint Maure, with all spéed came into the citie of Excester,
+and holpe the citizens, and at the last assault was the earle hurt in
+the arme with an arrow, and so were manie of his companie, but verie
+few slaine.
+
+[Sidenote: Edward the yoong duke of Buckingham and his companie ioine
+with the king.]
+
+When Perkin saw that he could not win the citie of Excester, sith
+he sawe it was so well fortified both with men and munitions, he
+departed from thence, and went vnto Taunton, and there the twentith
+day of September he mustered his men; as though he were readie to
+giue battell: but perceiuing his number to be minished, by the secret
+withdrawing of sundrie companies from him, he began to put mistrust in
+all the remnant. In déed when the people that followed him, in hope
+that no small number of the nobilitie would ioine with him, saw no such
+matter come to passe, they stale awaie from him by secret companies.
+When the king heard that he was gone to Taunton, he followed after
+him with all spéed. And by the way there came to him Edward duke of
+Buckingham, a yoong prince of great towardnesse; and him followed a
+great companie of noble men, knights and esquiers, as sir Alexander
+Bainam, sir Maurice Barkleie, sir Robert Tame, sir Iohn Guise, sir
+Robert Pointz, sir Henrie Vernon, sir Iohn Mortimer, sir Thomas
+Tremaile, sir Edward Sutton, sir Amise Paulet, sir Iohn Birkneill, sir
+Iohn Sapcotes, sir Hugh Lutterell, sir Francis Cheinie, and diuerse
+other.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin fléeth and taketh Beaudlie sanctuarie.]
+
+At the kings approching to the towne of Taunton, he set before him
+Robert lord Brooke lord steward of his house, Giles lord Daubeneie his
+chiefe chamberleine, and sir Rice ap Thomas. But as soone as Perkin
+was informed that his enimies were readie to giue him battell, he
+that nothing lesse minded than to fight in open field with the kings
+puissance, dissembled all the daie time with his companie, as though
+nothing could make him afraid: and about midnight, accompanied with
+thrée score horssemen, he departed from Taunton in post to a sanctuarie
+towne beside Southampton, called Beaudlie, & there he and Iohn Heron
+with other registred themselues as persons priuileged. When as king
+Henrie knew that Perkin was thus fled, he sent after him the lord
+Daubeneie with fiue hundred horssemen toward the sea side, to apprehend
+him before he should get away. Although Perkin escaped (as I haue
+said) vnto sanctuarie, yet manie of his chiefe capteins were taken and
+presented to the king.
+
+[Sidenote: The beautifull ladie Katharine (Perkins wife) presented to
+the king.]
+
+Also the horssemen that were sent, without anie stop or staie came
+to saint Michaels mount, and there (as chance was) found the ladie
+Katharine Gordon wife to Perkin, and brought hir streight to the king.
+At whose beautie and amiable countenance the king much maruelled,
+and thought hir a preie more méet for a prince, than for the meane
+souldiers, and sent hir incontinentlie vnto London to the quéene,
+accompanied with a sort of sage matrones and gentlewomen, bicause she
+was but yoong. The common people that had followed Perkin, after that
+their chéefeteine was fled, threw awaie their armour as people amazed,
+and submitted themselues to the king, humblie beséeching him of mercie,
+which he most gentlie granted, and receiued them to his fauour. After
+this the king road to Excester, and there not onelie commended the
+citizens, but also hartilie thanked them for dooing so well their
+duties in defending their citie from their enimies. He also put there
+to execution diuerse Cornishmen, which were the authors and principall
+beginners of this new conspiracie and insurrection. Neuerthelesse,
+he vsed maruellous clemencie also in pardoning a great number of the
+rebels.
+
+[Sidenote: _Iohn Hooker, alias Vowell._]
+
+[Sidenote: All Perkins partakers in their shirts with halters about
+their necks appeare before the king.]
+
+¶ For when king Henrie was come to Excester with a great armie, mooued
+therevnto (as you haue heard) by reason of the rebellion of Perkin
+Warbecke, who was fled before the kings comming, he staied a few daies
+about the examination of the said rebellion, and the executing of
+the chiefe and principall capteins. In the end, the multitude of the
+offendors being great, and most humblie crauiug for pardon, the king
+caused them all to be assembled in the churchyard of saint Peters,
+where they all appeared bare headed, in their shirts, and with halters
+about their necks. His grace was then lodged in the treasurors house,
+lieng fast vpon the churchyard, and out of a faire and large window
+(made for the purpose) he tooke the view of them, who shouted and
+cried out for pardon. At length, when the king had paused, hée made a
+speach vnto them, exhorting them to obedience, and in hope he should
+thencefoorth find them dutifull, he pardoned them all: whereat they
+all made a great shout, gaue the king thanks, and hurled awaie their
+halters. Yet neuerthelesse, some returned againe, and ioined themselues
+with the Cornish people, which had not all submitted themselues, nor
+sought for pardon.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin in sanctuarie assaulted.]
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin submitteth himselfe to the king, and is streictlie
+séene to.]
+
+Now while he remained at Excester, he considered with himselfe, that
+he had doone nothing, if he could not get into his hands the chiefe
+head of this trouble and seditious businesse. Wherefore he caused the
+sanctuarie wherein Perkin was inclosed, to be inuironed with two bands
+of light horssemen, to watch diligentlie, that Perkin should not escape
+by anie meanes foorth of that place vntaken: and withall attempted
+by faire promises of pardon and forgiuenes, if Perkin would submit
+himselfe to him and become his man. Perkin perceiuing himselfe so shut
+vp, that he could no waie escape, of his owne frée will came out of the
+sanctuarie, and committed himselfe to the kings pleasure. When the king
+had thus atchiued his purpose, he returned to London, and appointed
+certeine kéepers to attend on Perkin, which should not (the bredth of
+a maile) go from his person; least he should conueie himselfe by anie
+meanes out of the land [and set new troubles abroch by such practises
+as he had to fore vsed, for the aduancement of himselfe to the estate
+of a king, by assuming vnto himselfe the name of a kings sonne, when in
+déed hée was come of base parentage. But Iacke will bée a gentleman,
+the long eared asse will be taken for a leopard, & the pelting pismire
+for a lion, as one saith:
+
+[Sidenote: _M. Pal. in Virg._]
+
+    Nunc se asinus pardum vocat & formica leonem.]
+
+[Sidenote: C[=o]missioners appointed for assessing of their fines that
+fauoured the Cornish rebels.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1498]
+
+After this, the king caused inquiries to be made, of all such as
+had aided with men or monie the Cornish rebels, so that diuerse
+persons as well in Summersetshire as Deuonshire were detected of that
+offense, which he minded for example sake should tast some part of due
+punishments for their crimes, according to the qualitie thereof. And
+therefore he appointed Thomas lord Darcie, Amise Paulet knight, and
+Robert Sherborne deane of Poules (that was after bishop of Chichester)
+to be commissioners for assessing of their fines that were found
+culpable. These commissioners so bestirred themselues, in tossing the
+coffers and substance of all the inhabitants of both those shires,
+that there was not one person imbrued or spotted with the filth of
+that abhominable crime, that escaped the paine which he had deserued:
+but to such yet as offended rather by constreint than of malice, they
+were gentle and fauourable, so that equitie therein was verie well and
+iustlie executed.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex. I. S. pag. 872._]
+
+[Sidenote: Gardens in Moore field laid wast to make archers game.]
+
+[Sidenote: Price of haie doubled.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sebastian Gabato his discouerie of an Iland of rich
+commodities.]
+
+¶ In this yeare all the gardens which had béene continued time out
+of mind, without Moore gate of London, were destroied, and of them
+was made a plaine field for archers to shoot in. Also this yéere was
+a great drought, by reason whereof a load of haie, which was before
+sold at London at fiue shillings, was this yeare sold for ten or
+twelue more. Also this yeare, one Sebastian Gabato, a Genoas sonne,
+borne in Bristow, professing himselfe to be expert in knowledge of the
+circuit of the world, and Islands of the same, as by his charts and
+other reasonable demonstrations he shewed, caused the king to man and
+vittell a ship at Bristow, to search for an Iland which he knew to be
+replenished with rich commodites. In the ship diuerse merchants of
+London aduentured small stocks, and in the companie of this ship sailed
+also out of Bristow thrée or foure small ships fraight with slight and
+grosse wares, as course cloath, caps, lases, points, and such other.
+
+Sir Humfrie Gilbert knight, in his booke intituled, A discouerie
+for a new passage to Cataia, writeth thus; "Sebastian Gabato, by
+his personall experience and trauell, hath described and set foorth
+this passage in his charts, which are yet to be séene in the quéenes
+maiesties priuie gallerie at White hall, who was sent to make this
+discouerie by king Henrie the seuenth, and entered the same fret,
+affirming that hée sailed verie farre westward, with a quarter of the
+north, on the north side of terra de Labrador, the eleuenth of Iune,
+vntill he came to the septentrionall latitude of 67-1/2 degrées, and
+finding the seas still open, said, that he might & would haue gon to
+Cataia, if the emnitie of the maister and mariners had not béene."
+Neuerthelesse, he went verie farre, euen to a nation inhabited with
+people more like beasts than men, as appeareth in the yeare 1502, and
+the seuentéenth of this kings reigne, when the said traueller was
+returned, and presented himselfe to the kings maiestie.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 14.]
+
+[Sidenote: England and Scotland liklie to go togither by the eares
+afresh.]
+
+In this yeare the warre had like to haue béene reuiued betwixt the
+realmes of England and Scotland by a small occasion, as thus. Certeine
+yongmen of the Scots came arriued before Norham castell, & beheld it
+woonderous circumspectlie, as though they would faine haue béene of
+counsell to know what was doone therein. The kéepers not perceiuing
+anie damage attempted against them for the first time, determined not
+to mooue anie question to them, or once to stirre out. But when they
+came againe the next day, and viewed it likewise, the kéepers of the
+castell suspecting some euill meaning, demanded of them what their
+intent was, and why they viewed and aduised so the castell. The Scots
+answered them roughlie with disdainfull words, so that the Englishmen
+fell to and replied with strokes; and after manie blowes giuen and
+receiued, diuerse Scots were wounded, and some slaine; and the residue
+ouermatched with multitude of the Englishmen, fled as fast as their
+horsses could carie them.
+
+The Scotish king hereof aduertised, was highlie displeased, and in all
+hast signified to king Henrie by his herald Marchemont, in what sort
+his people (to the breach of the truce) were abused and handled. King
+Henrie being not in will to breake with anie of his neighbours, excused
+the matter, affirming that he was not of knowledge to the misdemeanor
+of those that had the castell in kéeping; requiring the king of Scots
+not to thinke the truce broken for anie thing doone without his
+consent; promising in the word of a king to inquire of the truth, and
+if the offense were found to be begun on the partie of the kéepers of
+the castell, he assured him that they should for no méed nor fauour
+escape due correction and punishment.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop of Durham aswageth the kings displeasure by
+letters.]
+
+This answer (though it was more than reasonable) could not pacifie the
+king of Scots, till the bishop of Durham (that was owner of the castell
+of Norham) who sore lamented, that by such as he appointed kéepers
+there, the warre should be renewed with sundrie letters written to the
+Scotish king, at length asswaged his displeasure, so that the said king
+wrote courteouslie to the bishop againe, signifieng that bicause he had
+manie secret things in his mind, which he would communicate onelie with
+him touching this matter now in variance; therefore he required him
+to take the paine to come into his countrie, trusting that he should
+thinke his labor well bestowed. The bishop was glad, and sent word
+hereof to the king his master, who willed him to accomplish the desire
+of the Scotish king, which he tooke to bée reasonable.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop of Durham goeth into Scotland.]
+
+[Sidenote: The Scotish king desireth the ladie Margaret eldest daughter
+of K. Henrie the seuenth to be his wife.]
+
+At his comming into Scotland, he was courteouslie receiued of the king
+himselfe at the abbeie of Melrosse. And there, after the king had (for
+a countenance) complained much of the vniust slaughter of his men late
+committed at Norham: vpon the bishops gentle answers thervnto, he
+forgaue the same, and after began to talke secretlie without witnesses
+alone with the bishop. And first he declared what iust causes mooued
+him in times past to séeke amitie with the king of England: which now
+he desired much more to haue confirmed, for further maintenance &
+increase thereof. Which he doubted not but should sort to a fortunate
+conclusion, if the king of England would vouchsafe to giue to him in
+matrimonie his first begotten daughter the ladie Margaret, vpon which
+point he purposed latelie to haue sent his ambassadors into England,
+which thing he would the sooner doo if he knew the bishops mind therein
+to bée readie to further his sute. The bishop answered but few words
+sauing that when he were returned to the king his maister, he would doo
+the best in the matter that he could.
+
+[Sidenote: 1499.]
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin Warbecke escapeth from his kéepers.]
+
+When the bishop was returned into England, and come to the king, he
+declared to him all the communication had betwéene king Iames and him,
+from point to point in order. The king liked well thereof as he to
+whome peace was euer a souereigne solace and comfort. In this meane
+time Perkin Warbecke, disappointed of all hope to escape out of the
+Englishmens hands (which was the onelie thing that he most desired)
+found meanes yet at length to deceiue his kéepers, & took him to his
+héels. But when he came to the sea coasts, and could not passe, he was
+in a maruellous perplexitie: for euerie by way, lane, and corner was
+laid for him, and such search made, that being brought to his wits
+end, and cut short of his pretensed iournie, he came to the house of
+Bethlem, called the priorie of Shéene beside Richmond in Southerie, and
+betooke himselfe to the prior of that monasterie, requiring him for the
+honour of God, to beg his pardon of life of the kings maiestie.
+
+The prior, which for the opinion that men had conceiued of his vertue,
+was had in great estimation, pitieng the wretched state of that
+caitife, came to the king, and shewed him of this Perkin, whose pardon
+he humblie craued, and had it as fréelie granted. Incontinentlie after
+was Perkin brought to the court againe at Westminster, and was one day
+set fettered in a paire of stocks, before the doore of Westminster
+hall, and there stood a whole day, not without innumerable reproches,
+mocks and scornings. And the next daie he was caried through London,
+and set vpon a like scaffold in Cheape by the standard, with like
+ginnes and stocks as he occupied the daie before, and there stood all
+daie, and read operilie his owne confession, written with his owne
+hand, the verie copie whereof here insueth.
+
+
+The confession of Perkin as it was written with his owne hand, which he
+read openlie vpon a scaffold by the standard in Cheape.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin maketh an anatomie of his descent or linage.]
+
+It is first to be knowne, that I was borne in the towne of Turneie in
+Flanders, and my fathers name is Iohn Osbecke, which said Iohn Osbecke
+was controller of the said towne of Turneie, and my moothers name is
+Katharine de Faro. And one of my grandsires vpoa my fathers side was
+named Diricke Osbeck, which died. After whose death my grandmoother was
+married vnto Peter Flamin, that was receiuer of the forenamed towne of
+Turneie, & deane of the botemen that row vpon the water or riuer called
+le Scheld. And my grandsire vpon my moothers side was Peter de Faro,
+which had in his kéeping the keies of the gate of S. Iohns within the
+same towne of Turneie. Also I had an vncle called maister Iohn Stalin,
+dwelling in the parish of S. Pias, within the same towne, which had
+maried my fathers sister, whose name was Ione or Iane, with whome I
+dwelt a certeine season.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkins education or bringing vp.]
+
+And after I was led by my moother to Antwerpe for to learne Flemish,
+in a house of a cousine of mine, an officer of the said towne, called
+Iohn Stienbecke, with whome I was the space of halfe a yeare. And after
+that I returned againe to Turneie, by reason of warres that were in
+Flanders. And within a yeare following I was sent with a merchant of
+the said towne of Turneie, named Berlo, to the mart of Antwerpe, where
+I fell sicke, which sickenesse continued vpon me fiue moneths. And the
+said Berlo set me to boord in a skinners house, that dwelled beside the
+house of the English nation. And by him I was from thense caried to
+Barow mart; and I lodged at the signe of the old man, where I abode for
+the space of two moneths.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin a notable landloper.]
+
+After this, the said Berlo set me with a merchant of Middleborow
+to seruice for to learne the language, whose name was Iohn Strew,
+with whome I dwelt from Christmasse to Easter, and then I went into
+Portingall in companie of sir Edward Bramptons wife, in a ship which
+was called the quéens ship. And when I was come thither, then was I
+put in seruice to a knight that dwelled in Lushborne, which was called
+Peter Vacz de Cogna, with whome I dwelled an whole yeare, which said
+knight had but one eie. And bicause I desired to sée other countries, I
+tooke licence of him, and then I put my selfe in seruice with a Briton,
+called Pregent Meno, which brought me with him into Ireland. Now when
+we were there arriued in the towne of Corke, they of the towne (bicause
+I was arraied with some cloths of silke of my said maisters) came vnto
+me, & threatned vpon me that I should be the duke of Clarences sonne,
+that was before time at Dublin.
+
+[Sidenote: The Irish would haue Perkin take vpon him to be the duke of
+Clarences sonne.]
+
+[Sidenote: They beare Perkin downe with oths that he is king Richards
+bastard.]
+
+But forsomuch as I denied it, there was brought vnto me the holie
+euangelists, and the crosse, by the maior of the towne, which was
+called Iohn Leweline, and there in the duke the presence of him and
+others, I tooke mine oth (as the truth was) that I was not the foresaid
+dukes sonne, nor none of his bloud. And after this came vnto me an
+Englishman, whose name was Stephan Poitron, and one Iohn Water, and
+laid to me in swearing great oths, that they knew well that I was king
+Richards bastard sonne: whome I answered with like oths, that I was
+not. Then they aduised me not to be afeard, but that I should take it
+vpon me boldlie: and if I would so doo, they would aid and assist me
+with all their power against the king of England; & not onelie they,
+but they were well assured, that the earle of Desmond & Kildare should
+doo the same.
+
+[Sidenote: They call him duke of Yorke.]
+
+For they forced not what part they tooke, so that they might be
+reuenged on the king of England: and so against my will made me to
+learne English, and taught me what I should doo and saie. And after
+this they called me duke of Yorke, second sonne to king Edward the
+fourth, bicause king Richards bastard sonne was in the hands of the
+king of England. And vpon this the said Water, Stephan Poitron, Iohn
+Tiler, Hughbert Burgh, with manie others, as the foresaid carles,
+entered into this false quarell, and within short time others. The
+French K. sent an ambassador into Ireland, whose name was Loit Lucas,
+and maister Stephan Friham, to aduertise me to come into France. And
+thense I went into France, and from thense into Flanders, & from
+Flanders into Ireland, and from Ireland into Scotland, & so into
+England.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When the night of the same daie (being the fiftéenth of Iune) was
+come, after he had stood all that daie in the face of the citie, he
+was committed to the Tower, there to remaine vnder safe kéeping, least
+happilie he might eftsoones run awaie, and escape out of the land, to
+put the king and realme to some new trouble. For he had a woonderfull
+dexteritie and readinesse to circumuent, a heart full of ouerreaching
+imaginations, an aspiring mind, a head more wilie (I wisse) than
+wittie; bold he was and presumptuous in his behauiour, as forward to
+be the instrument of a mischéefe, as anie deuiser of wickednesse would
+wish; a féend of the diuels owne forging, nursed and trained vp in the
+studie of commotions, making offer to reach as high as he could looke;
+such was his inordinate ambition, wherewith he did swell as coueting
+to be a princes péere: much like the tode that would match the bull in
+drinking, but in the end she burst in péeces and neuer dranke more; as
+the poet telleth the tale (by the imitation of the fabler) saieng;
+
+[Sidenote: _M. Pal. in Virg._]
+
+    ----cupiens æquare bibendo
+    Rana bouem, rupta nunquam bibit ampliùs aluo.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 15.]
+
+[Sidenote: Patrike an Augustine Frier.]
+
+[Sidenote: Rafe Wilford the counterfeit earle of Warwike]
+
+In this yeare was an Augustine frier called Patrike in the parties of
+Suffolke, the which hauing a scholer named Rafe Wilford (a shoomakers
+sonne of London as Stow noteth) had so framed him to his purpose, that
+in hope to worke some great enterprise, as to disappoint the king of
+his crowne and seat roiall, tooke vpon him to be the earle of Warwike,
+insomuch that both the maister and scholer hauing counselled betwéene
+themselves of their enterprise, they went into Kent, & there began
+the yoong mawmet to tell priuilie to manie, that he was the verie
+earle of Warwike, and latelie gotten out of the Tower, by the helpe
+of this frier Patrike. To which saiengs when the frier perceiued some
+light credence to be giuen, he declared it openlie in the pulpit, and
+desired all men of helpe. But the danger of this seditious attempt was
+shortlie remooued and taken awaie, the maister and scholer being both
+apprehended and cast into prison and atteinted.
+
+[Sidenote: The counterfeit earle is executed.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex. Edw. Hall in Hen. 7 fol._ lj.]
+
+[Sidenote: The cause why the clergie neuer so heinouslie offending was
+so fauoured.]
+
+The scholer was hanged, on Shrouetuesdaie at saint Thomas Waterings,
+and the frier condemned to perpetuall prison. For at that time so
+much reuerence was attributed to the holie orders, that to a préest
+(although he had committed high treason against his souereigne lord)
+his life was spared, in like case as to anie other offender in murther,
+rape, or theft, that had receiued anie of the thrée higher holie
+orders. [The chéefe cause (saith Edward Hall) of this fauour was this,
+bicause bishops of a long time and season did not take knowledge,
+nor intermix themselues with the search & punishment of such heinous
+and detestable offenses: by reason whereof they did not disgrade and
+depriue from the holie orders such malefactors and wicked persons,
+which without that ceremonie by the canon lawes could not be put to
+death.
+
+[Sidenote: Burning in the hand when enacted.]
+
+Furthermore, what should a man saie, it was also vsed, that he that
+could but onelie read (yea although he vnderstood not what he read)
+how heinous or detestable a crime so euer he had committed (treason
+onelie excepted) should likewise as affines & alies to the holie orders
+be saued, and committed to the bishops prison. And to the intent that
+if they should escape, and be againe taken, committing like offense,
+that their liues be no more to them pardoned: it was ordeined that
+murtherers should be burnt on the brawne of the left hand with an hot
+iron signed with this letter M. and théeues in the same place with
+this letter T. So that if they, which were once signed with anie of
+these markes or tokens did reiterate like crime & offense againe,
+should suffer the paines and punishments which they had both merited
+and deserued. Which decrée was enacted and established in a session
+of parlement kept in the time of this kings reigne, and taken (as I
+coniecture) of the French nation, which are woont, if they take anie
+such offender, to cut off one of his eares, as a sure token and marke
+hereafter of his euill dooing.]
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin corrupted his kéepers.]
+
+[Sidenote: Edward Plantagenet earle of Warwike a verie innocent.]
+
+Perkin Warbecke (as before ye haue heard) being now in hold, by false
+persuasions and great promises corrupted his kéepers, Stranguish,
+Blewet, Astwood, and long Roger, seruants to sir Iohn Digbie lieutenant
+of the Tower. Insomuch that they (as it was at their arreignment
+openlie prooued) intended to haue slaine their maister, and to haue set
+Perkin and the earle of Warwike at large. Which earle of Warwike had
+béene kept in prison within the Tower almost from his tender yeares,
+that is to saie, from the first yeare of the king, to this fiftéenth
+yeare, out of all companie of men & sight of beasts, insomuch that
+he could not discerne a goose from a capon, and therefore by common
+reason and open apparance could not of himselfe séeke his owne death
+and destruction. But yet by the drift and offense of an other he was
+brought to his death and confusion.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin and Iohn Awater executed at Tiburne.]
+
+For being made priuie of this enterprise deuised by Perkin and his
+complices, therevnto (as all naturall creatures loue libertie) he
+assented and agréed. But this craftie deuise and subtill imagination
+being reuealed, sorted to none effect, so that Perkin and Iohn Awater
+sometime maior of Corke in Ireland, one of his chéefe founders, and his
+sonne, were on the sixtéenth daie of Nouember arreigned and condemned
+at Westminster. And on the thrée and twentith daie of the same moneth,
+Perkin and Iohn Awater were drawne to Tiburne, where Perkin standing
+on a little scaffold, read his confession (as before he had doone in
+Cheape side) taking it on his death to be true. And so he and Iohn
+Awater asked the king forgiuenesse, and died patientlie.
+
+[Sidenote: Edward Plantagenet the yoong earle of Warwike beheaded.]
+
+This was the reward of the feined glose and counterfeit comment of
+Perkin Warbecke, the which as by his false surmises in his life time
+had brought manie honourable personages to their deaths, and vndoone
+manie an honest man: so now at his death he brought other of the same
+sort to their not altogither vndeserued punishment. And amongest others
+Edward Plantagenet the forenamed erle of Warwike, which (as the fame
+went) consented to breake prison, and to depart out of the realme with
+Perkin (which in prisoners is high treason) was the one and twentith
+daie of the said moneth arreigned at Westminster before the earle
+of Oxenford then high steward of England of the said treason, which
+(whether it were by intisement and persuasion of other, or of his owne
+frée will manie doubted, bicause of his innocencie) confessed the fact,
+and submitted himselfe to the kings mercie; and vpon his confession had
+his iudgement, and according thervnto the eight and twentith daie of
+Nouember in the yeare 1499, was brought to the scaffold on the Tower
+hill, and there beheaded.
+
+[Sidenote: 1500.]
+
+[Sidenote: A great plague.]
+
+[Sidenote: Edward the kings third sonne christened.]
+
+[Sidenote: The manour of Shéene burnt & Richmond built in place
+thereof.]
+
+[Sidenote: _I. S. pag. 874._]
+
+The fame after his death sprang abroad, that Ferdinando king of Spaine
+would make no full conclusion of the matrimonie to be had betwéene
+prince Arthur and the ladie Katharine daughter to the said Ferdinando,
+nor send hir into England as long as this earle liued. For he imagined
+that so long as anie earle of Warwike liued, England should neuer be
+purged of ciuill warre and priuie sedition; so much was the name of
+Warwike in other regions had in feare and gealousie. The next yeare
+after there was a great plague, whereof men died in manie places verie
+sore; but speciallie and most of all in the citie of London, where died
+in that yeare thirtie thousand. The foure and twentith of Februarie in
+this fiftéenth yeare of this kings reigne his third son was christened
+and was named Edward. Also in this yeare was burned a place of the
+kings, called the manour of Shéene situate nigh the Thames side, which
+he after builded againe sumptuouslie, and changed the name of Shéene,
+and called it Richmond; bicause his father and he were earles of
+Richmond: or (as some note) for that so manie notable and rich iewels
+were there burnt. He also new builded Bainards castell in London, and
+repaired Gréenewich.
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie the seuenth saileth to Calis.]
+
+The king, whether to auoid the danger of so great and perilous
+sickenesse, then raging, or to take occasion to commen with the duke of
+Burgognie, did personallie take his ship at Douer in the beginning of
+Maie, and sailed to Calis, whither the duke of Burgognie sent to him
+honourable personages in ambassage to welcome him into those parties,
+and to declare that the said duke would gladlie repaire personallie to
+his presence with such a number as the king should appoint, so that it
+were within no walled towne nor fortresse. For hauing denied the French
+king to enter into anie of his fortresses to talke with him, he would
+be loth now to giue a president to him to desire the like méeting.
+The king interteining the ambassadours, and thanking the duke of his
+courteous offer, appointed the place at saint Peters church without
+Calis.
+
+[Sidenote: The king of England and the duke of Burgognie méet at saint
+Peters church without Calis.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex Edw. Hall, in Hen. 7. fol._ lij.]
+
+Vpon tuesdaie in Whitsunwéeke the archduke Philip came thither with a
+conuenient companie. The king and the quéene with manie a lustie lord
+and ladie rode thither to welcome him. [And when the king approched,
+the duke at his lighting offered to hold his stirrupe, which the king
+in no wise would suffer to be doone. When the king was descended from
+his horsse, he and the archduke imbraced each other with most princelie
+familiaritie, and then the quéene and all the nobles saluted him.]
+And after most louing interteinments, bankettings, mirth, and pastime
+shewed amongest them, there was communication of marriages, treating of
+further strengthening of leagues, requests of tolles in Flanders to be
+minished: with manie other things touching the commoditie and traffike
+of both their countries. And when all things were set in order, the two
+princes tooke their leaue, and departed; the king to Calis, and the
+archduke to S. Omers. After his departing, there came as ambassadors
+from the French king, the lord Gronthouse gouernour of Picardie, and
+the lord Meruelliers bailiffe of Amiens, which declared to the king the
+getting of Millaine and taking of the duke. The king highlie feasted
+them, and rewarded them princelie at their departing.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 16.]
+
+[Sidenote: A yeare of Iubile.]
+
+[Sidenote: Pope Alexander maketh profit of his great pardon or
+heauenlie grace, as he termeth it.]
+
+Soone after, when the death was slaked, the king returned againe into
+England about the end of Iune. Shortlie after there came to him one
+Gasper Pons a Spaniard, a man of excellent learning and most ciuill
+behauiour, sent from Alexander the bishop of Rome to distribute the
+heauenlie grace (as he termed it) to all such as (letted by anie
+forceable impediment) could not come to Rome that yeare to the Iubile,
+which was there celebrate, being the yeare after the birth of our
+Sauiour, 1500. This beneuolent liberalitie was not altogither fréelie
+giuen. For Alexander looking to the health of mens soules, thought
+to doo somewhat for his owne priuat commoditie, & therefore he set a
+certeine price of that his grace and pardon. And to the end that the
+king should not hinder his purpose, he offered part of his gaines to
+the king.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Flem._]
+
+And to colour the matter with some fauourable pretext, and to make men
+the better willing, & more readie to giue franklie, he promised with
+that monie to make warre against the Turke. By this meanes the pope got
+a great masse of monie, which he had conueied ouer vnto him by such
+trustie messengers (doubt you not) as he had appointed; and yet nothing
+doone against the Turks, which in the meane season did much hurt to the
+christians. [For it was no part of his meaning (what colourable shew
+soeuer he made of tendering the succourlesse people) to impart anie
+portion thereof to so good a vse; but rather for the supportation of
+him and his swarme, who before they will bate an ace of their gorgeous
+gallantnesse, the whole world shall be cousened. Such is the collusion
+of the pope, such be the shamelesse shifts of him and his cleargie
+for the maintenance of their owne courtlie brauerie, which is wicked
+vanitie; farre passing the pompe of anie prince, were the same of
+neuer so rare magnificence; as he well noteth that said full trulie:
+
+[Sidenote: _Antith. Christ. &. pape. pag. 38. 40._]
+
+    ------immenso princeps non visus in orbe est,
+      Cui tanti fastus tantáue pompa fuit.
+    Ingreditur quando miseræ Babylonis in vrbes,
+      Cernitur hîc plusquam regia pompa comes.
+    Huic equus est spumans ostróq; insignis & auro,
+      Altisono cuius sub pede terra fremit, &c.]
+
+[Sidenote: Thrée bishops dead in one yeare.]
+
+[Sidenote: Two notable mariages.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1501.]
+
+[Sidenote: Katharine daughter to Ferdinando K. of Spaine affied to
+Arthur prince of Wales.]
+
+About this time died thrée bishops in England, Iohn Morton archbishop
+of Canturburie, Thomas Langton bishop of Winchester, and Thomas
+Rotheram archbishop of Yorke. After him succéeded Thomas Sauage bishop
+of London, a man of great honour and worthinesse: in whose place
+succéeded William Worham, of whome before is made mention. And Henrie
+Deane bisbop of Salisburie, was made archbishop of Canturburie, and
+Richard Fox was remooued from Durham to the sée of Winchester. Also
+this yeare two notable mariages were concluded, but not consummate till
+afterwards, as you shall heare in place conuenient. For king Henrie
+granted his daughter ladie Margaret to Iames the fourth king of Scots.
+And Ferdinando king of Spaine gaue his daughter ladie Katharine to
+Arthur prince of Wales, sonne and heire apparant to the king of England.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 17.]
+
+[Sidenote: The fourth of October as _Stow_ hath noted.]
+
+Among other articles of the mariage concluded with the Scotish king
+this was one, that no English men should be receiued into Scotland
+without letters commendatorie of their souereigne lord, or safe conduct
+of his warden of the marches; and the same prohibition was in like
+maner giuen to the Scots. This yeare the ladie Katharine of Spaine was
+sent by hir father king Ferdinando with a puissant nauie of ships into
+England, where she arriued in the hauen of Plimmouth the second daie
+of October then being saturdaie. Vpon the twelft of Nouember she was
+conueied from Lambeth through London with all triumph and honour that
+might be deuised to the bishops palace, the stréets being hanged, and
+pageants erected after the maner as is vsed at a coronation: which
+solemnitie Edward Hall describeth with the sumptuous shewes then
+glistering in the beholders eies.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Flem. ex. Edw. Hall. fol._ lij.]
+
+¶ I passe ouer (saith he) the wise deuises, the prudent spéeches,
+the costlie works, the cunning portratures, practised and set foorth
+in seuen goodlie beautifull pageants, erected and set vp in diuerse
+places of the citie. I leaue also the goodlie ballades, the swéet
+harmonie, the musicall instruments, which sounded with heauenlie noise
+on euerie side of the stréets. I omit further, the costlie apparell
+both of goldsmiths worke and imbroderie, the rich iewels, the massie
+chaines, the stirring horsses, the beautifull bards and the glittering
+trappers, both with belles and spangels of gold. I pretermit also the
+rich apparell of the princesse, the strange fashion of the Spanish
+nation, the beautie of the English ladies, the goodlie demeanure of
+the yoong damosels, the amorous countenance of the lustie bachelers.
+I passe ouer also the fine ingrained clothes, the costlie furs of the
+citizens, standing on scaffolds, raised from Gracechurch to Paules.
+What should I speake of the oderiferous scarlets, the fine veluets, the
+pleasant furres, the massie chaines, which the maior of London with
+the senat, sitting on horssebacke at the little conduit in Cheape,
+ware on their bodies and about their necks? I will not speake of the
+rich arras, the costlie tapestrie, the fine clothes both of gold and
+siluer, the curious veluets, the beautifull sattens, nor the pleasant
+silkes which did hang in euerie stréet where she passed, the wine that
+ran continuallie out of the conduits, and the graueling of the stréets
+néedeth not to be remembred.
+
+Whilest this ladie soiourned for hir recreation in the bishops palace
+of London, being in the meane time visited of the king, the quéene, and
+the kings mother, there was erected in the bodie of S. Paules church
+a long bridge made of timber, extending from the west doore of the
+church to the step at the entring into the quéere, which was six foot
+from the ground. On the said bridge or stage, euen directlie before the
+consistorie of the church, was a place raised like a mount for eight
+persons to stand vpon, compassed round about with steps to ascend and
+descend, which was couered with fine red worsted, and in likewise were
+all the railes of the said stage. On the north side of this mount was
+a place decked and trimmed for the king and quéene, and such other as
+they appointed to haue. On the south side of the same mount stood the
+maior and the magistrates of the citie.
+
+[Sidenote: The solemnisation of the mariage betwéene Arthur prince of
+Wales & Katharine daughter to the king of Spaine.]
+
+When all things were prepared and set in order, vpon the fouretéenth
+of Nouember then being sundaie, the foresaid ladie was led to the said
+mount, and there prince Arthur openlie espoused hir, both being clad
+in white, both lustie and amorous, he of the age of fiftéene and more,
+and she of the age of eightéene or thereabouts, the king and quéene
+standing priuily on their stage. After the matrimonie celebrated,
+the prince and his wife went vp into the quéere, and there heard a
+solemne masse soong by the archbishop of Canturburie, associat with
+ninetéene prelats mitred. And after the masse finished, the bride was
+led homewards to the bishops palace by the duke of Yorke, being then a
+goodlie yoong prince, and the legat of Spaine. Next after followed the
+ladie Cicilie sister to the quéene, supporting the traine of the spouse.
+
+[Sidenote: _Edw. Hall fol._ liij.]
+
+But to speake of all the solemne pompe, noble companie of lords and
+ladies, and what a sumptuous feast and plentifull was kept, with
+dansing and disguisings, words might sooner faile than matter worthie
+of rehearsall. Howbeit euerie daie endeth and night insueth, and so
+when night was come, the prince and his beautifull bride were brought
+and ioined togither in one bed, where they laie as man and wife all
+that night. ¶ Now when the morning appéered, the prince (as his
+familiar seruitors, which had then neither cause nor reward to lie or
+fame, openlie told the tale) called for drinke, which he before times
+was not accustomed to doo. At which thing one of his chamberleins
+maruelling, asked the cause of his drouth. To whome the prince answered
+merilie, saieng; I haue this night béene in the middest of Spaine,
+which is a hot region, and that iournie maketh me so drie: and if thou
+haddest béene vnder that hot climat, thou wouldest haue béene drier
+than I.
+
+[Sidenote: Margaret eldest daughter to king Henrie affied to Iames king
+of Scots.]
+
+Shortlie after the king and the quéene, with the new wedded spouses
+went from Bainards castell by water to Westminster, on whom the maior
+and communaltie of London in barges gorgeouslie trimmed gaue their
+attendance. And there in the palace were such martiall feats, valiant
+iusts, vigorous turneis, and such fierce fight at the barriers, as
+before that time was of no man had in remembrance. Of this roiall
+triumph lord Edward duke of Buckingham was chiefe chalenger, and
+lord Thomas Greie marquesse Dorset chiefe defender, which with their
+aids and companions bare themselues so valiantlie, that they got
+great praise and honour, both of the Spaniards, and of their owne
+countriemen. During the time of these iusts and triumphs, were receiued
+into London, an earle, a bishop, and diuerse noble personages sent from
+the king of Scots into England, for conclusion of the mariage betwéene
+the ladie Margaret and him; which earle by proxie, in the name of king
+Iames his maister, affied and contracted the said ladie. Which affiance
+was published at Paules crosse, the daie of the conuersion of saint
+Paule: in reioising whereof Te Deum was soong, and great fiers made
+through the citie of London.
+
+[Sidenote: 1502.]
+
+[Sidenote: Prince Arthur is sent into Wales.]
+
+These things being accomplished, the ambassadors as well of Spaine as
+Scotland tooke their leaue of the king, & not without great rewards
+returned into their countries. When the ambassadors were departed, he
+sent his sonne prince Arthur againe into Wales, to kéepe that countrie
+in good order; appointing to him wise and expert councellors, as sir
+Richard Poole his kinsman, which was his chiefe chamberleine, also
+sir Henrie Vernon, sir Richard Crofts, sir Dauid Philip, sir William
+Wall, sir Thomas Englefield, sir Peter Newton knights; Iohn Walleston,
+Henrie Marton, & doctor William Smith, president of his councell, and
+doctor Charles; of the which two doctors, the one was after bishop of
+Lincolne, and the other bishop of Hereford.
+
+[Sidenote: _Iohn Stow, pag. 874, 875._]
+
+[Sidenote: The maiors feast first kept at Guildhall.]
+
+[Sidenote: Woollen cloth of two shillings the brode yard.]
+
+[Sidenote: Dikes of L[=o]don clensed.]
+
+[Sidenote: Men brought from the new found islands.]
+
+¶ This yeare Iohn Shaw (who was maior of London) caused his brethren
+the aldermen men to ride from the Guildhall vnto the water side, when
+he went to Westminster to be presented in the excheker. He also caused
+the kitchens and other houses of office to be bullded at the Guildhall,
+where since that time the maiors feasts haue béene kept, which before
+had béene in the grosers or tailors hall. About Easter, all the Greie
+friers in England changed their habit, for whereas of long time before
+they had vsed to weare browne russet of foure shillings, six shillings,
+and eight shillings the yard; now they were compelled to weare russet
+of two shillings the yard and not aboue, which was brought to passe by
+the Friers of Gréenewich. This yeare, the dike called Turnemill brooke,
+with all the course of Fléet dike, were so scowred downe to the Thames,
+that boates with fish and fewell were rowed vp to Holborne bridge, as
+they of old time had béene accustomed: which was a great commoditie to
+all the inhabitants in that part of London. Also the tower néere to the
+Blacke friers was taken downe by the commandement of the maior. Also
+this yeare were brought vnto the king thrée men taken in the new found
+ilands, by Sebastian Gabato, before named in Anno 1498. These men were
+clothed in beasts skins, and eat raw flesh, but spake such a language
+as no man could vnderstand them, of the which thrée men, two of them
+were séene in the kings court at Westminster two yeares after, clothed
+like Englishmen, and could not be discerned from Englishmen.
+
+[Sidenote: Edmund erle of Suffolke flieth into Flanders.]
+
+A few moneths before the mariage of prince Arthur, Edmund de la Poole
+earle of Suffolke, sonne to Iohn duke of Suffolke, and ladie Elizabeth
+sister to king Edward the fourth, being bold and rash withall, was
+indicted of murther, for sleaing of a meane person in his rage & furie.
+And although the king pardoned him whome he might iustlie haue put to
+death for that offense; yet bicause he was brought to the barre before
+the kings Bench, and arraigned (which fact he tooke as a great blemish
+to his honour) shortlie after vpon that displeasure he fled into
+Flanders vnto his aunt the ladie Margaret, the king not being priuie
+to his going ouer. Neuerthelesse, whether he was persuaded by his
+fréends therevnto, whom the king had willed to deale with him therein;
+or whether vpon trust of his innocencie: true it is that he returned
+againe, and excused himselfe to the king, so that he thought him to be
+giltlesse of anie crime that might be obiected against him.
+
+[Sidenote: The discontented mind of the earle of Suffolke.]
+
+But when the mariage betwixt the prince & the ladie Katharine of
+Spaine was kept at London, this erle either for that he had passed his
+compasse in excessiue charges and sumptuousnesse at that great triumph
+and solemnitie, and by reason thereof was farre run into debt; either
+else through the procurement of his aunt the foresaid ladie Margaret;
+or pricked with some priuie enuie, which could not patientlie with open
+eies behold king Henrie (being of the aduerse faction to his linage) so
+long to reigne in wealth and felicitie: in conclusion with his brother
+Richard fled againe into Flanders. This departure of the earle sore
+vexed the king, doubting, of some new trouble to insue thereof.
+
+[Sidenote: The kings woonted policie now againe practised.]
+
+But yet to vnderstand the full meaning of the said earle, the king vsed
+his old fetch: for immediatlie after the earle was fled, he appointed
+sir Robert Curson, whome he had aduanced to the order of knighthood,
+and made capteine of Hammes castell, a valiant man and a circumspect,
+to dissemble himselfe one of that conspiracie; who went into Flanders,
+to espie what was doone there by the ladie Margaret, and hir nephue the
+earle of Suffolke. After that the said sir Robert Curson was thus gone
+into Flanders, the king, to put him out of all suspicion with the said
+ladie Margaret and the earle, caused the said earle, and sir Robert
+Curson, and fiue persons more to be accurssed at Paules crosse, the
+first sundaie of Nouember, as enimies to him and his realme.
+
+[Sidenote: Tirrell and Windham beheaded.]
+
+To be bréefe, the king by his meanes, and other such diligent
+inquisition as he made, tried out such as he suspected, partlie to be
+deuisers of mischéefe against him, and partlie to beare no sincere
+affection towards his person, so that he could readilie name them:
+whereof a great part were within few daies apprehended and taken. And
+amongst them William lord Courtneie, sonne to the earle of Deuonshire,
+which maried the ladie Katharine, daughter to king Edward the fourth;
+lord William de la Poole, brother to the foresaid earle of Suffolke,
+sir Iames Tirrell, and sir Iohn Windham. Both the Williams were
+rather taken of suspicion, bicause they were so néere of kin to the
+conspirator, than for anie prooued matter. But sir Iames Tirrell and
+Iohn Windham, bicause they were traitors, and so attainted, the sixt
+daie of Maie after their apprehension, they were on the Tower hill
+beheaded.
+
+When the earle of Suffolke heard what fortune thus happened to his
+fréends, as one in vtter despaire to haue anie good successe in his
+pretensed enterprise, wandred about all Germanic and France, to
+purchase some aid and succour, if by anie means he might. But when he
+perceiued no stedfast ground to catch anchor hold vpon, he submitted
+himselfe vnder the protection of Philip archduke of Austrich. But his
+brother Richard, being a politike man, so wiselie ordered himselfe in
+this stormie tempest, that he was not intrapped either with net or
+snare. The king not yet out of all doubt of ciuill sedition, bicause a
+great number of euill disposed persons partakers of this conspiracie,
+were fled into sundrie sanctuaries, deuised to haue all the gates of
+sanctuaries and places priuileged shut and locked vp, so that none
+should issue out from thence to perturbe and disquiet him.
+
+[Sidenote: Sanctuaries restrained.]
+
+And for that intent he wrote vnto pope Alexander, desiring him by his
+authoritie to adiudge all Englishmen, being fled to sanctuarie for the
+offense of treason as enimies to the christian faith, interdicting and
+prohibiting the refuge and priuilege of sanctuarie to all such, as once
+had enioied the libertie and protection of the same, and after that
+fled out, and eftsoones returned againe. Which thing after that the
+pope had granted, turned to the great quietnesse of the king and his
+realme. For manie that had offended, for feare to fall into danger,
+returned to the due subiection of their prince; and other that were yet
+frée from perill, durst not hazard themselues so boldlie as they durst
+haue doone before, vpon hope of such starting holes.
+
+[Sidenote: The death of Arthur prince of Wales.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Edw. Hall in Hen. 7 fol._ lv.]
+
+When the king had thus setled things to his owne contentation and
+pleasure, there suddenlie happened to him a lamentable chance. For that
+noble prince Arthur, the kings first begotten sonne, after he had béene
+maried to the ladie Katharine his wife, the space of fiue moneths,
+departed out of this transitorie life, in his castell of Ludlow and
+with great funerall obsequie was buried in the cathedrall church of
+Worcester. His brother the duke of Yorke was staied from the title of
+Prince by the space of a moneth, till to women it might appeare whether
+the ladie Katharine wife to the said prince Arthur was conceiued with
+child or not. [It is reported that this ladie Katharine thought and
+feared such dolorous chance to come: for when she had imbraced hir
+father, and taken hir leaue of hir noble and prudent mother, and sailed
+towards England, she was continuallie so tossed and tumbled hither and
+thither with boisterous winds, that what for the rage of the water, and
+contrarietie of the winds, hir ship was prohibited diuerse times to
+approach the shore and take land.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 18.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1503.]
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie the seauenths chapell at Westminster first
+builded.]
+
+In this eightéenth yeare, the twentie fourth daie of Ianuarie, a
+quarter of an houre before thrée of the clocke at after noone of the
+same daie, the first stone of our ladie chapell within the monasterie
+of Westminster was laid, by the hands of Iohn Islip abbat of the same
+monasterie, sir Reginald Braie knight of the garter, doctor Barnes
+maister of the rolles, doctor Wall chapleine to the kings maiestie,
+maister Hugh Oldham chapleine to the countesse of Derbie and Richmond
+the kings mother, sir Edmund Stanhope knight, and diuerse others. Vpon
+the same stone was this scripture ingrauen: Illustrissimus Henricus
+septimus rex Angliæ & Franciæ, & dominus Hiberniæ, posuit hanc petram
+in honore beatæ virginis Mariæ, 24 die Ianuarij; anno Domini 1502. Et
+anno dicti regis Henrici septimi, decimo octauo. The charges whereof
+amounted (as some report, vpon credible information as they saie) to
+fouretéene thousand pounds.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 876._]
+
+[Sidenote: Six kings of England brethren with the tailors companie in
+London, before they were intituled merchant tailors.]
+
+[Sidenote: Prior of Shene murthered.]
+
+[Sidenote: A drie summer.]
+
+Quéene Elizabeth lieng within the Tower of London, was brought a bed of
+a faire daughter on Candlemasse daie, which was there christened and
+named Katharine; and the eleuenth of the same moneth the said quéene
+there deceased, and was buried at Westminster, whose daughter also
+liued but a small season after hir mother. [King Henrie the seauenth
+being himselfe a brother of the tailors companie in London, as diuerse
+other his predecessors kings before him had béene (to wéet Richard the
+third, Edward the fourth, Henrie the sixt, Henrie the fift, Henrie the
+fourth, and Richard the second; also of dukes eleuen, earles eight and
+twentie, and lords eight and fortie) he now gaue to them the name and
+title of merchant tailors, as a name of worship to indure for euer.
+This yeare, about the later end of March, the prior of the Charterhouse
+of Shene was murthered in a cell of his owne house, by meanes of one
+Goodwine, a monke of the same cloister, and his adherents artificers of
+London. A drie summer, hauing no notable raine from Whitsuntide to the
+later ladie daie in haruest.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Reginald Braie his death.]
+
+[Sidenote: Iust comendations of Morton archbishop of Canturburie and
+sir Reginald Braie.]
+
+The eightéenth of Februarie, the king at his palace of Westminster
+created his onelie sonne Henrie prince of Wales, earle of Chester,
+&c: who afterward succéeded his father in possession of the regall
+crowne of this realme. Moreouer, this yeare also, after the deceass
+of that noble quéene, for hir vertue commonlie called good quéene
+Elizabeth, departed out of this world also sir Reginald Braie knight
+of the garter, a verie father of his countrie, for his high wisedome
+and singular loue to justice well worthie to beare that title. If
+anie thing had béene doone amisse contrarie to law and equitie, he
+would after an humble sort plainelie blame the king, and giue him good
+aduertisement, that he should not onelie reforme the same, but also be
+more circumspect in anie any other the like case. Of the same vertue
+and faithfull plainnesse was Iohn Morton archbishop of Canturburie,
+which died (as is shewed aboue) two yeares before.
+
+[Sidenote: Cassimire ambassadour from the emperour Maximilian.]
+
+So these two persons were refrainers of the kings vnbrideled libertie;
+whereas the common people (ignorant altogither of the truth in such
+matters) iudged and reported, that the counsell of those two worthie
+personages corrupted the kings cleane and immaculate conscience,
+contrarie to his princelie disposition and naturall inclination;
+such is euer the errour of the common people. ¶ About this time died
+Henrie the archbishop of Canturburie, whose roome doctor William
+Warram bishop of London supplied. And to the sée of London William
+Barnes was appointed, and after his death succéeded one Richard Fitz
+Iames. This yeare also the lord Cassimire marquesse of Brandenburgh,
+accompanied with an earle, a bishop, and a great number of gentlemen
+well apparrelled, came in ambassage from the emperor Maximilian, and
+were triumphantlie receiued into London, and lodged at Crosbies place.
+
+Their message was for thrée causes, one to comfort the king in his time
+of heauinesse for the losse of his wife. The second for the renewing
+of amitie, and the old league. The third (which was not apparant)
+was to mooue the king to marie the emperours daughter, the ladie
+Margaret, duchesse Dowager of Sauoie. The two first tooke effect: for
+the king vpon Passion sundaie road to Paules in great triumph, the
+said marquesse riding on his left hand. And there the bishop made to
+the king an excellent consolatorie oration concerning the death of
+the quéene. And there also the king openlie sware to kéepe the new
+reuiued league and amitie during their two liues. But the third request
+(whether the let was on the mans side, or on the womans) neuer sorted
+to anie conclusion.
+
+[Sidenote: The sumptuous araie of the earle of Northumberland.]
+
+The ladie Margaret the kings daughter, affied (as yée haue heard) to
+the king of Scots, was appointed to be conueied into Scotland, by
+the earle of Surrie: and the earle of Northumberland, as warden of
+the marches, was commanded to deliuer hir at the confines of both
+the realmes. And so héerevpon, after hir comming to Berwike, she was
+conueied to Lamberton kirke in Scotland, where the king of Scots, with
+the flower of all the nobles and gentlemen of Scotland, was readie to
+receiue hir: to whome the earle of Northumberland (according to his
+commission) deliuered hir. The said earle of Northumberland that daie,
+what for the riches of his coat being goldsmithes worke, garnished with
+pearle and stone, and what for the gallant apparell of his Henchmen,
+and braue trappers of his horsse, beside foure hundred tall men well
+horssed and apparelled in his colours, was estéemed both of the Scots
+and Englishmen more like a prince than a subiect.
+
+[Sidenote: The mariage betwéene the K. of Scots & ladie Margaret king
+Henries eldest daughter.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 19.]
+
+From Lamberton, the foresaid ladie was conueied to Edenburgh, and
+there the daie after, king Iames the fourth, in the presence of all
+his nobilitie espoused hir, and feasted the English lords, and shewed
+iusts and other pastimes verie honourable, after the fashion of that
+countrie. And after all things were finished according to their
+commission, the erle of Surrie with all the English lords and ladies
+returned into their countrie. In this yeare the king kept his high
+court of parlement, in the which diuerse acts estéemed necessarie for
+the preseruation of the common-wealth were established: and amongst
+other, it was enacted, that théeues and murtherers duelie conuicted by
+the law to die, and yet saued by their books, should be committed to
+the bishops custodie. After this, a subsidie was granted, both of the
+temporaltie, and spiritualtie, and so that parlement ended.
+
+[Sidenote: The king couetous in his old age.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1504.]
+
+[Sidenote: Richard Empson & Edmund Dudleie.]
+
+But the king now drawing into age, and willing to fill his chest with
+abundance of treasure, was not satisfied with this onelie subsidie,
+but deuised an other meane how to inrich himselfe, as thus. He
+considered that the Englishmen little regarded the kéeping of penall
+lawes, and pecuniall statutes, deuised for the good preseruation of
+the common-wealth. Whereof he caused inquisition to be made of those
+that has transgressed anie of the same lawes, so that there were but
+few noble men, merchants, farmers, husbandmen, grasiers, or occupiers,
+that could cléerlie prooue themseiues faultlesse, but had offended in
+some one or other of the same lawes. At the first, they that were found
+giltie were easilie fined. But after, there were appointed two maisters
+and surueiors of his forfeits, the one sir Richard Empson, and the
+other Edmund Dudleie.
+
+[Sidenote: Promoters.]
+
+These two were learned in the lawes of the realme, who meaning to
+satisfie their princes pleasure, and to sée their commission executed
+to the vttermost, séemed little to respect the perill that might insue.
+Wherevpon they being furnished with a sort of accusers, commonlie
+called promoters, or (as they themselues will be named) informers,
+troubled manie a man, whereby they wan them great hatred, and the king
+(by such rigorous procéedings) lost the loue and fauour which the
+people before time had borne towards him; so that he for setting them
+a worke, and they for executing of it in such extreame wise, ran into
+obloquie with the subiects of this realme.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 876._]
+
+[Sidenote: Sergeants feast whereat were the king and all his nobles at
+dinner.]
+
+[Sidenote: Fire on London bridge.]
+
+[Sidenote: Fire.]
+
+[Sidenote: Parlement.]
+
+¶ On the thirtéenth of Nouember was holden within the palace of the
+archbishop of Canturburie, at Lambeth, the sergeants feast, where dined
+the king and all his nobles. And vpon the same day, Thomas Granger,
+newlie chosen shiriffe of London was presented before the barons of
+the kings exchequer, there to take his oth, and after went with the
+maior vnto the same feast, which saued him monie in his pursse; for
+if that day that feast had not béene kept, he must haue feasted the
+maior, aldermen, and others, woorshipfull of the citie. This feast was
+kept at the charge of ten learned men, newlie admitted to bée sergeants
+to the kings law, whose names were, Robert Bridnell, William Greuill,
+Thomas Marow, George Edgore, Iohn Moore, Iohn Cutler, Thomas Eliot,
+Lewes Pollard, Guie Palmis, William Fairefax. On the one and twentith
+of Nouember at night, began a perillous fier at the signe of the panier
+vpon London bridge, néere to saint Magnus church; where six tenements
+were burned yer the same could be quenched. On the seuenth of Ianuarie,
+were certeine houses consumed with fire against saint Butolphes
+church in Thames stréet. On the fiue and twentith of Ianuarie began a
+parlement at Westminster, of which was chosen speaker for the commons,
+maister Edmund Dudleie.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 20.]
+
+[Sidenote: Alum déere.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cages and stockes ordeined.]
+
+[Sidenote: Hunsditch paued.]
+
+[Sidenote: Prisoners of the Marshalseie brake out.]
+
+A new coine of siluer was ordeined of grotes and halfe grotes, which
+bare but halfe faces; and some péeces of the value of twelue pense
+were then stamped, though very few of that sort came abroad. In this
+yeare, alum, which manie yeares had bene sold for six shillings an
+hundred, and lower, arose to fiue nobles an hundred, and after to foure
+marks, &c. Sir William Capell, who for this yeare was maior, caused in
+euerie ward of London a cage with a paire of stocks, therein to punish
+vagabunds. Also he caused all Hunsditch to be ouerpaued, which manie
+yeares before lay full noiouslie and perillouslie for all trauellers
+that way. About Christmasse, the more part of the prisoners of the
+Marshalseie in Southwarke brake out, and manie of them being shortlie
+after taken, were put to execution, speciallie those which had laine
+for felonie or treason. On the fiftéenth of Aprill, a monie maker, one
+of the coiners of the Tower, was drawne to Tiburne and there hanged.
+
+[Sidenote: _Iohn Hooker, alias Vowell._]
+
+[Sidenote: A beneuolence put into the kings head to be leuied ouer the
+whole land.]
+
+¶ In this twentith yeare (saith one of Excester) the king (hauing some
+néed of monie) was by his councell aduised (by way, of beneuolence) to
+leuie the same vpon the whole realme, as well of the cleargie as of the
+laitie. And for the same, commissioners were assigned accordinglie.
+For the cleargie, Richard Fox, sometime bishop of Excester, but now of
+Winchester, a verie wise, graue, and trustie councellor, was appointed
+chiefe commissioner, and had the chiefest dealing therein. He at daies
+and times appointed, assembled the cleargie before him, and (according
+to the trust committed vnto him) he persuaded them by all the meanes
+he could, to be liberall contributors to the king, considering his
+present néed, and who (for their causes, & the safetie of all the
+common-wealth) was now to vse and imploie some monie.
+
+[Sidenote: The cleargie of two sorts, and both desirous to spare their
+pursses.]
+
+The cleargie was of two sorts, the one shewing themselues as they were
+wealthie, séemelie, & comelie; the other pretending that which was not,
+pouertie, barenesse, and scarsitie: but both were of one mind, and
+deuised all the waies they could to saue their pursses. The first being
+called, alledged that they were dailie at great charges and expenses
+in kéeping of hospitalitie, in mainteining themselues, their house and
+familie; besides extraordinaries which dailie did grow and increase
+vpon them: and by that meanes they were but bare and poore, and praied
+that they might be borne withall, and pardoned for that time.
+
+[Sidenote: The wisdome of bishop Fox in procuring these cleargie men to
+be contributors to this beneuolence.]
+
+The other sort alledged, that their liuings were but small and slender,
+and scarse able to mainteine themselues withall, which compelled them
+to go bare, and to liue a hard and a poore life, and therefore (they
+hauing nothing) praied that they might be excused. The bishop when he
+had heard them at full, and well considered thereof, verie wittilie,
+and with a prettie dilemma answered them both, saieng to the first:
+"It is true, you are at great charges, and are well beséene in your
+apparell, well mounted vpon your faire palfreies, and haue your men
+waiting vpon you in good order; your hospitalitie is good, and your
+dailie expenses are large, and you are for the same well reported
+amongst your neighbours; all which are plaine demonstrations of your
+wealth and abilitie, otherwise you would not be at such voluntarie
+charges.
+
+[Sidenote: They are persuaded to contribute.]
+
+"Now hauing store to spend in such order, there is no reason, but that
+to your prince you should much more be well willing & readie to yéeld
+your selues contributorie and dutifull, and therefore you must paie."
+To the other sort he said: "Albeit your liuings be not of the best, yet
+good, sufficient, and able to mainteine you in better estate than you
+doo imploie it; but it appeareth that you are frugall and thriftie men;
+and what others doo voluntarilie spend in apparell, house, and familie,
+you warilie doo kéepe, and haue it to lie by you; and therefore it is
+good reason that of your store you should spare with a good will and
+contribute to your prince; wherefore be contented, for you shall paie."
+And so by this prettie dilemma he reduced them to yéeld a good paiment
+to the king.
+
+[Sidenote: 1505.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex. I. S. pag. 878._]
+
+[Sidenote: Conduit at Bishops gate builded.]
+
+[Sidenote: Richmond on fire.]
+
+The king after he had gotten a great masse of monie togither, hauing
+pitie on the people, which oppressed with the sharpe procéedings of
+his gréedie officers, cried daily to God for vengeance, ment to haue
+depriued them of their offices (as some write) & that suph monie as
+had béene violentlie exacted, should haue béene restored and deliuered
+againe, if he had not bene preuented by death. And yet by his last
+will he commanded that it should be dulie and trulie performed, but in
+the meane season many mens coffers were emptied. [¶ Thomas Kneisworth
+maior of London for this yeare, of his owne goods, builded the conduit
+at Bishopsgate. He gaue to the fishmongers certeine tenements, for
+the which they be bound to find foure scholers that studie art; two
+at Oxford, and two at Cambridge, euerie of them foure pounds the
+yeare. They be bound also to giue to twelue aged poore people of their
+companie, to euerie one of them at Bartholomew tide a winter garment
+for euer. Also to giue to the prisoners of Ludgate and Newgate euerie
+yeare fortie shillings, &c. The first of Ianuarie in the night, the
+kings chamber was fired at Richmond, the which might not be quenched,
+till manie curteins, carpets, rich beds, and much stuffe was consumed.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 21.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1506.]
+
+[Sidenote: Philip archduke of Austrich landeth in the west parts of
+England.]
+
+In this verie season, and the yeare of our Lord 1506, Elizabeth quéene
+of Castile died without issue male, by reason whereof the inheritance
+of Castile (bicause that kingdome is not partible) descended to ladie
+Iane hir eldest daughter by king Ferdinando, the which was maried to
+Philip archduke of Austrich. Wherefore the yeare following, about the
+sixt day of Ianuarie, hauing a great nauie prepared, he intituled now
+king of Castile, sailed out of Flanders with his wife towards Spaine;
+but by a mightie tempest of wind and foule weather, the whole nauie
+was dispersed and sparkled abroad in diuerse places on the coasts of
+England. The kings ship with two other vessels were blowne by tempest
+on the west part of the realme, to the port of Weimouth in Dorsetshire.
+The king being wearied with the tossing of the seas, as one not
+accustomed thereto, contrarie to the mind of his councellors, came on
+land to refresh himselfe.
+
+When it was knowne that strange ships were arriued in that place, there
+came thither a great number, as well of gentlemen as commons of the
+countrie, to beat them backe if they prooued to be enimies. But when
+they perceiued that the king of Spaine was there driuen on land by
+force of weather, sir Thomas Trenchard knight, chéefe of that companie,
+went with great humblenesse vnto him, and did what he could to haue him
+to his house, being not farre off, and so to cause him to stay, till
+such time as king Henrie might be certified of his arriuall; to whome
+with all spéed he sent diuerse posts to aduertise him of king Philips
+landing. In this meane while came people in from all sides, vpon
+knowlege of this strange princes comming. And among other there came
+sir Iohn Carew, with a goodlie band of piked men. Which sir Iohn and
+sir Thomas Trenchard intreated the king of Castile not to depart, vntil
+such time as he had spoken with the king.
+
+[Sidenote: The king of Castile interteined honorablie.]
+
+The king of Castile excused him by necessitie of his weightie
+enterprise: but when he perceiued that if he would proffer to go once
+aboord to his ships againe, he might be letted, and was like so to bée;
+hée thought good rather to assent to their humble request and to séeme
+to gratifie them; than by denieng it to procure their euil willes, and
+yet neuer the néer of his purpose. When king Henrie was informed of
+his landing, he was right glad therof, and wrote vnto sir Iohn Carew,
+and to sir Thomas Trenchard, that they should interteine him in the
+most honorable sort they could deuise, till he might come himselfe in
+person to welcome him. Beside this, he sent the earle of Arundell with
+manie lords and knights to attend vpon him. Which earle (according to
+the kings letters) receiued him with thrée hundred horsses, all by
+torchlight, to the great admiration of the strangers.
+
+King Philip séeing no remedie but that he must néeds tarie, would no
+longer gaze after king Henries comming, but tooke his iournie toward
+Windsore castell, where the king laie: and fiue miles from Windsore the
+prince of Wales, accompanied with fiue earles, and diuerse lords and
+knights, and other to the number of fiue hundred persons gorgiouslie
+apparelled, receiued him after the most honorable fashion. And within
+halfe a mile of Windsore, the king, accompanied with the duke of
+Buckingham, and a great part of the nobilitie of this realme, welcomed
+him, & so conueied him to the castell of Windsore, where he was made
+companion of the noble order of the garter. After him came to Windsore
+his wife quéene Iane, sister to the princesse Dowager, late wife to
+prince Arthur.
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie desireth to haue Edmund de la Poole earle of
+Suffolke deliuered into his hands.]
+
+After the two kings had renewed & confirmed the league and amitie
+betwixt them, king Henrie desired to haue Edmund de la Poole earle of
+Suffolke to be deliuered into his hands. To whome the king of Castile
+answered that he verelie was not within his dominion: and therefore it
+laie not in him to deliuer him. In déed he was loth to be the author
+of his death that came to him for succour, and was receiued vnder
+his protection: yet vpon the earnest request and assured promise of
+king Henrie (that he would pardon him of all executions and paines of
+death) he granted to king Henries desire; and so incontinentlie caused
+the said earle secretlie to be sent for. After this, to protract time
+till he were possessed of his preie, king Henrie conueied the king of
+Castile vnto the citie of London, that he might sée the head citie of
+his realme.
+
+[Sidenote: The king of Castiles vow inuiolablie kept.]
+
+Then he led him from Bainards castell by Cheape to Barking; and so
+returned by Watling stréet againe: during which time there was shot out
+of the Tower a woonderfull peale of ordinance. But he would not enter
+into the Tower, bicause (as ye haue heard before) he had aduowed not
+to enter the fortresse of anie forren prince, in the which a garrison
+was mainteined. From London the king brought him to Richmond, where
+manie notable feates of armes were prooued both of tilt, turnie, and
+barriers. In the meane season the erle of Suffolke, perceiuing what
+hope was to be had in forreine princes, and trusting that after his
+life to him once granted, king Henrie would bréeflie set him at his
+full libertie, was in maner contented to returne againe into his natiue
+countrie.
+
+[Sidenote: The death & description of Philip king of Spaine.]
+
+When all pacts and couenants betwéene the kings of England and
+Castile were appointed, concluded, and agréed; king Philip tooke his
+leaue of king Henrie, yéelding to him most heartie thanks for his
+high chéere and princelie interteinement. And being accompanied with
+diuers lords of England, he came to the citie of Excester, and so to
+Falmouth in Cornewall, and there taking ship sailed into Spaine, where
+shortlie after he died being thirtie yeares of age. He was of stature
+conuenient, of countenance amiable, of bodie somewhat grosse, quicke
+witted, bold and hardie stomached. The tempest that he suffered on the
+sea was huge, and woonderfull also vpon the land, insomuch that the
+violence of the wind blew downe an eagle of brasse, being set to shew
+on which part the wind blew, from a pinacle or spire of Paules church,
+and in the falling, the same eagle brake and battered an other eagle
+that was set vp for a signe at a tauerne doore in Cheapeside.
+
+[Sidenote: Prodigious tokens or accidents haue their issue in truth.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sée pag. 264.]
+
+Herevpon men that were giuen to gesse things that should happen by
+marking of strange tokens, déemed that the emperour Maximilian, which
+gaue the eagle, should suffer some great misfortune: as he did shortlie
+after by the losse of his sonne, the said king Philip. ¶ And suerlie
+these prodigious accidents are not to be omitted as matter of course;
+for they haue their weight, and shew their truth in the issue. Examples
+in this booke be diuerse, among which one is verie memorable, mentioned
+in the thirtie & ninth yeare of Henrie the sixt. At what time the
+duke of Yorke making an oration to the lords of the parlement, for
+the iustifieng of his title to the crowne, it chanced that a crowne
+which hoong in the middle of the nether house (to garnish a branch to
+set lights vpon) without touch of man or blast of wind suddenlie fell
+downe. About which season also fell downe the crowne which stood on the
+top of Douer castell. Which things were construed to be signes that the
+crowne of the realme should some waie haue a fall; and so it came to
+passe.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Flem. ex. Guic. pag. 40._]
+
+[Sidenote: Thrée sunnes sèene at once in the night.]
+
+And bicause the euents of these foreshewes had their truth, as manie
+more of the like nature; it shall not be amisse here to ad (by waie of
+digression) what hath béene obserued in former ages by forren writers
+in and about such foretokens. The consent of the heauens and of men,
+pronounced to Italie their calamities to come: for that such as made
+profession to haue iudgement either by science or diuine inspiration
+in the things to come, assured with one voice that there were in
+preparing, both more great mutations and more strange and horrible
+accidents, than for manie worlds before had béene discerned in anie
+part or circuit of the earth. There were séene in the night in Pouille
+thrée suns in the middest of the firmament, but manie clouds about
+them, with right fearefull thunders and lightnings. In the territorie
+of Aretze, were visiblie séene passing in the aire, infinit numbers
+of armed men vpon mightie horsses, with a terrible noise of drums and
+trumpets. The images & figures of saints did sweat in manie parts of
+Italie.
+
+In euerie place of the countrie were brought foorth manie monsters of
+men and other creatures, with manie other things against the order of
+nature concurring all at one time, but in diuerse places: by means
+wherof the people were caried into incredible feares, being alreadie
+amazed with the brute of the French powers & furie of that nation, with
+which (according to the testimonie of histories) they had aforetime
+run ouer all Italie, sacked and made desolate with fire and sword the
+citie of Rome, and subdued in Asia manie prouinces; and generallie no
+part of the world which had not felt the vertue of their armes. But
+albeit these iudgements are oftentimes fallible, and rather coniectures
+vncerteine, than effects happening: yet the accidents that drew on,
+brought to them, in the spirits of fraile men, an absolute faith,
+credit, & religion. So that there is in foreshewes matter of moment
+worthie to be obserued, howsoeuer the world lulled asléep in the lap
+of securitie is touched with no feare of change. But alas the Heathen
+could sée the contrarie, and therefore said:
+
+[Sidenote: _Manil. lib. Astr. 1._]
+
+    Omnia mortali mutantur lege creata,
+    Nec se cognoscunt terræ veteribus annis
+    Exutas variam faciem per secula gentes.]
+
+But to returne to our owne storie. Shortlie after the departing of king
+Philip, the king of England began to suspect sir George Neuill lord
+of Aburgauenie, and sir Thomas Gréene of Gréenes Norton, as partakers
+in the beginning of the conspiracie with the earle of Suffolke; and
+so vpon that suspicion they were commanded to the Tower. But shortlie
+after, when they had béene tried and purged of that suspicion, he
+commanded them both to be set at libertie. But sir Thomas Gréene fell
+sicke before, and remained in the Tower, in hope to be restored to his
+health as well as to his libertie, but by death he was preuented. [And
+here bicause it is good to sée the consent of histories in the report
+of accidents, it shall not be amisse to repeat the entier relation of
+a late writer stranger touching this casualtie which befell to king
+Philip, in such sort to be cast vpon the English coasts; as also the
+promise of the said king to deliuer the duke of Suffolke into the hands
+of king Henrie, with the cause (as it is supposed) why the king desired
+to haue him within his owne reach.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex. Guic. pag. 353._]
+
+[Sidenote: King Philip saileth out of Flanders into Spaine.]
+
+[Sidenote: King Philip cast by casualtie of sea vpon the coasts of
+England.]
+
+¶ King Philip was imbarked to saile out of Flanders into Spaine with
+a great armie by sea; and to reduce his going to a more facilitie
+and safetie (for he feared least his father in law by the aid of the
+French would hinder his passage) he practised the Spanish subtilties,
+and agréed with him to leaue vnto him the managing and policie of the
+most part of affaires, and that they shuld take in common the title
+of king of Spaine, according to the example in the quéenes time: and
+lastlie, that the revenues and tributes should be diuided in an order
+certeine & indifferent. By reason of which accord, his father in law,
+notwithstanding he was not assured of the obseruation, sent him into
+Flanders manie ships to furnish his voiage: with the which, hauing
+imbarked his wife, and Ferdinand his second sonne, he tooke his course
+into Spaine with forward winds, which, within two daies turning cleane
+contrarie, after his nauie had runne a dangerous fortune, and made a
+wearie resistance against the furie of the sea, his ships were cast
+vpon sundrie coasts of England and Britaine; his owne person with two
+or thrée ships being driuen with manifest perill vpon England into the
+hauen of Southampton.
+
+[Sidenote: Philip promiseth to redeliuer to K. Henrie the duke of
+Suffolke.]
+
+Whereof Henrie the seuenth then king of that nation being aduertised,
+sent to him with spéed manie barons to doo him honour, and desire him
+to come to his court, then at London: a request which Philip could not
+denie, the king of Englands demand béeing no lesse honourable, than his
+owne estate full of necessitie and nakednesse. He remained in the court
+of England, vntill all his nauie was reassembled, and eftsoones rigged,
+making in the meane while betwéene them new capitulations: wherein
+albeit Philip in all other things held himselfe vsed as a king, yet in
+this one thing complained, that he was constreined as a prisoner, to
+consent to redeliuer to K. Henries hands the duke of Suffolke, whom
+he held prisoner within the castell of Namur, and whom the king of
+England desired much to haue in his power, for that he quarrelled the
+title of the crowne, pretending the right of the kingdome to apperteine
+to him: onelie the king of England assured Philip by the faith and
+word of a king, that he would not put him to death. Which he did as
+iustlie performe, as he had honorablie promised, kéeping him in prison
+so long as he liued, and afterwards was beheaded vnder the reigne and
+commandement of his sonne.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 22.]
+
+[Sidenote: The sweting sicknesse eftsoones returneth.]
+
+This yeare the king began to be diseased of a certeine infirmitie,
+which thrise euerie yeare, but specially in the springtime sore vexed
+him. And bicause for the most part the harme that chanceth to the
+prince, is parted with his subiects, the sweating sicknesse, which
+(as ye haue heard in the first yeare of the king) first afflicted the
+people of this realme, now assailed them againe; howbeit by the remedie
+found at the beginning of it, nothing the like number died thereof now
+this second time, as did at the first time till the said remedie was
+inuented. But now the third plage equall to the pestilence insued, by
+the working of the maisters of the forfeitures, and such informers as
+were appointed thereto. By whose meanes manie a rich & wealthie person
+by the extremitie of the lawes of the realme were condemned and brought
+to great losse and hinderance.
+
+A great part of which their vndooings procéeded by the inconuenience
+of such vnconscionable officers, as by the abuse of exigents outlawed
+those that neuer heard, nor had knowledge of the sutes commensed
+against them, of which hard and sharpe dealing (the harme that thereof
+insueth considered) if the occasion might be taken awaie by some other
+more reasonable forme and order of law deuised, whereby the parties
+might haue personall warning, it would both preserue manie an innocent
+man. from vndeserued vexation, and danger of vnmercifull losse of
+goods; and also redound highlie to the commendation of the prince, and
+such other as chanced to be reformers of that colourable law, where
+they be called onelie in the counties without other knowledge giuen to
+them or theirs at their dwelling houses.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ed. Hall in Hen. 7 fol. 59._]
+
+But now to returne. Such maner of outlawies, old recognisances of the
+peace, and good abearings, escapes, riots, & innumerable statutes
+penall, were put in execution, and called vpon by Empson and Dudleie;
+so that euerie man, both the spiritualtie and temporaltie, hauing
+either lands or substance, were inuited to that plucking banket.
+For these two rauening woolues had a gard of false periured persons
+apperteining to them, which were impanelled in euerie quest. Learned
+men in the law, when they were required of their aduise, would say;
+To agreé is the best counsell that I can giue you. By this vndue
+meanes, these couetous persons filled the kings coffers, and inriched
+themselues. And at this vnreasonable and extort dooing, noble men
+grudged, meane men kicked, poore men lamented, preachers openlie at
+Poules crosse and other places exclamed, rebuked, and detested. Howbeit
+the good king in his last daies conserued and pardoned his poore
+subiects of such vncharitable yokes and ponderous burdens as they were
+laden withall.
+
+[Sidenote: 1507.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex Guic. pag. 314._]
+
+[Sidenote: _Pag. 312._]
+
+Sir Gilbert Talbot knight, and Richard Bere abbat of Glastenburie,
+and doctor Robert Sherborne deane of Poules, were sent as ambassadors
+from the K. to Rome, to declare to Pius the third of that name newlie
+elected pope in place of Alexander the sixt deceased what ioy and
+gladnesse had entered the kings heart for his preferment. But he taried
+not the comming of those ambassadors, for within a moneth after that
+he was installed, he rendered his debt to nature, and so had short
+pleasure of his promotion [not beguiling the hopes which the cardinals
+concerned of him at the time of his creation, the six & twentith day
+after his election, which was in short time to die. This popes name was
+Francis Piccolomini cardinall of Sienna, in whom was no expectation
+of long life, both for his extreame age, and present sickenesse: a
+cardinall sure of vnspotted report, and for his other conditions not
+vnworthie that degrée; who to renew the memorie of Pius secundus his
+vncle, tooke vpon him the name of Pius the third.
+
+[Sidenote: _Pag. 307._]
+
+He succéeded Alexander the sixt, who went to supper in a vineyard néere
+the Vatican to reioise in the delight & plesure of the fresh aire, &
+was suddenlie caried for dead to the bishops palace; his sonne also
+communicating in the same accident, but with better fortune. For the
+day folowing, which was the eightenth day of August, the dead corps
+of the pope (according to custome) was borne into the church of saint
+Peter, blacke, swolne, and most deformed; most manifest signes of
+poison. But Valentinois, what by the vigour and strength of his youth,
+and readie helpe of strong medicines and counterpoisons, had his life
+saued, remaining notwithstanding oppressed with long and gréeuous
+sickenesse: it was assuredlie beléeued that the accident procéeded of
+poison, the discourse whereof (according to common report) was in this
+sort.
+
+[Sidenote: A practice of custome by poison to an ill purpose vsed.]
+
+The duke Valentinois, who was to be present at that supper, had
+determined to poison Adrian cardinall of Cornette, reseruing that time
+and place to execute his bloudie resolution: for it is most certeine
+that in his father and him were naturall customes to vse poison, not
+onelie to be reuenged of their enimies, or to be assured of suspicions;
+but also vpon a wicked couetousnesse, to despoile rich men of their
+goods, whether they were cardinals or courtiers, although they had
+neuer doone them wrong, as hapned to the cardinall saint Ange, who
+was verie rich. This maner of rage they would vse also against their
+greatest friends & familiars, and such as had bin their most faithfull
+seruants, such as were the cardinals of Capua and Modeno: a recompense
+vnworthie the merits of good men, and not disagréeable to the
+disposition of such a father and sonne, whereof the one made all things
+lawfull by vile dispensation; and with the other nothing was dishonest
+wherein was opportunitie to his purposes. The duke Valentinois sent
+before certeine flagons with wine infected with poison, which he gaue
+to a seruant that knew nothing of the matter, commanding that no person
+should touch them.
+
+[Sidenote: The pope poisoned with the wine that his owne son had sent
+to poison the cardinall of Cornette.]
+
+A commandement preiudiciall to his maister, as the ignorance of the
+seruant was the instrument in the euill that happened both to the
+father and son. Such is the sufferance of God, who in the execution of
+his iudgments raiseth one murtherer to kill another, & breaketh the
+brands of the fire vpon the head of him that first kindled it: for the
+pope comming by aduenture somewhat before supper, and ouercome with
+the drought and immoderate heat of the time, called for drinke. And
+bicause his owne prouision was not yet brought from the palace, he that
+had the infected wine in charge, thinking it to be recommended to his
+kéeping for a wine most excellent, gaue the pope to drinke of the same
+wine which Valentinois had sent; who arriuing while his father was
+drinking drunke also of the same wine, being but iust that they both
+should tast of the same cup which they had brued for the destruction of
+others. All the towne of Rome ran with great gladnesse to saint Peters
+about the dead bodie of the pope, their eies not satisfied to sée ded
+and destroied a serpent, who with his immoderate ambition and poisoned
+infidelitie, togither with all the horrible examples of crueltie,
+luxurie, and monstruous couetousnesse, selling without distinction both
+holie things and prophane things, had infected the whole world.
+
+And yet was he accompanied with a most rare, & almost perpetuall
+prosperitie euen from his yoong age, to the end of his life; desiring
+alwaies great things, and obtaining most often that he desired. An
+example of much importance, to confound the arrogancie of those men,
+who presuming to know and sée perfectlie with humane eies the depth
+of Gods iudgemehts, doo assure, that what happeneth either good or
+ill to mortall men, procéedeth either of their merits or faults: as
+though we saw not dailie manie good men vniustlie tormented, & wicked
+persons aboue their diseruings liue in ease and honour: wherein who
+makes an other interpretation, derogates the iustice and power of
+God, the greatnesse of which being not to be conteined within any
+scripts or tearms present, knoweth how well and largely to discerne
+in an other time and place the iust from the vniust, and that with
+rewards and eternall punishments. In the meane time he powreth out his
+vengeance vpon the imaginers of mischéefe in this life; so prouiding,
+as that they are caught in their owne snares, and ouertaken with such
+destruction as they had prepared for others, according to that saieng
+of the Psalmist:
+
+[Sidenote: _Rob. Hess. & G. Buch. in Psal. 7._]
+
+    Effodit puteum, foueámque eduxit ab imo,
+      Et miser in latebras incidit ipse suas.
+        In verticem ipsius recurrit
+        Pernicies, recidúntque fraudes.]
+
+[Sidenote: The lord Daubenie dieth.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 23.]
+
+[Sidenote: Guidebald duke of Urbine in Italie made knight of the
+garter.]
+
+At the same time died Giles lord Daubeneie the kings chéefe
+chamberleine, whose office Charles, bastard sonne to Henrie last
+duke of Summerset occupied and enioied; a man of good wit, and great
+experience. Soone after, the king caused Guidebald duke of Urbine to be
+elected knight of the order of the garter, in like maner as his father
+duke Frederike had béene before him, which was chosen and admitted into
+the order by king Edward the fourth. Sir Gilbert Talbot, and the other
+two ambassadors being appointed to kéepe on their iournie vnto pope
+Iulie the second, elected after the death of the said Pius the third,
+bare the habit and collar also vnto the said duke Guidebald; which
+after he had receiued the same, sent sir Balshasar Castalio, knight,
+a Mantuan borne, as his orator vnto king Henrie, which was for him
+installed, according to the ordinances of the order.
+
+[Sidenote: Thomas Sauage archbishop of Canturburie deceassed.]
+
+This yeare that worthie prelate Thomas Sauage archbishop of Yorke
+departed this life at his castell of Cawood: a man beside the
+worthinesse of his birth highlie estéemed with his prince for his fast
+fidelitie and great wisedome. He bestowed great cost in repairing
+the castell of Cawood and the manor of Scrobie. His bodie was buried
+at Yorke, but he appointed by his testament, that his hart should be
+buried at Macclesfield in Cheshire, where he was borne, in a chapell
+there of his foundation, ioining to the south side of the church,
+meaning to haue founded a college there also, if his purpose had not
+béene preuented by death. After him succéeded doctor Benbridge in the
+archbishops sée of Yorke, being the fiftie and sixt archbishop that had
+sat in that sée.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex Guic. pag. 184._]
+
+About this same time Lewes the French king, the twelfe of that name
+(who succéeded Charles the eighth that died at Amboise the night before
+the eighth daie of Aprill, of a catarrhe, which the physicians call an
+apoplexie, the same rising in him with such abundance, as he beheld a
+match plaied at tennisse, that in a few houres he ended at the same
+place his life: during the which, he had with greater importunitie
+than vertue troubled the whole world with great appearance of danger
+to kindle eftsoones new fiers of innouation and troubles) maried his
+eldest daughter named Clare, vnto Francis de Valois Dolphin of Vienne,
+and duke of Angolesme, which ladie was promised vnto Charles the king
+of Castile: wherevpon by ambassadors sent to and fro betwixt king
+Henrie and the said king of Castile, a mariage was concluded betwixt
+the said king of Castile, and the ladie Marie, daughter to king Henrie,
+being about the age of ten yeares. For conclusion of which mariage,
+the lord of Barow, & other ambassadors were sent into England from the
+emperor Maximilian which with great rewards returned.
+
+
+[Sidenote: 1508.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 879._]
+
+[Sidenote: William Capell sued by the king.]
+
+[Sidenote: Tho. Knelsworth imprisoned.]
+
+[Sidenote: Norwich on fier.]
+
+¶ William Browne mercer maior of London, this yeare deceassed, and
+foorthwith sir Laurence Ailmer draper was chosen and sworne, and went
+home in a graie cloake, with the sword borne before him, on the eight
+and twentith daie of March. Item he tooke his oth at the Tower, and
+kept no feast. William Capell was put in sute by the king for things
+by him doone in his maioraltie. Also Thomas Knelsworth that had béene
+maior of London, and his shiriffes, were sent to the kings Bench,
+till they were put to their fines of fouretéene hundred pounds. In
+the moneth of Iune, the citie of Norwich was sore perished, & néere
+consumed with fier, that began in a Frenchmans house named Peter
+Iohnson, a surgian, in the parish of saint George.
+
+[Sidenote: Frée schoole at Wlfrunehampton.]
+
+Stephan Genings merchant tailor, maior of London, founded a frée
+grammar schoole at Wlfrunehampton in Staffordshire, with conuenient
+lodgings for the maister and vsher, in the same place where he was
+borne. He gaue lands sufficient for the maintenance, leauing the
+ouersight thereof to the merchant tailors in London, who haue hitherto
+iustlie dealt in that matter, and also augmented the building there.
+Maister Nichols, who maried the onelie daughter and heire of the
+aforesaid Stephan Genings, gaue lands to mainteine the pauements of
+that towne. Also, Iohn Leneson esquier, about Anno 1556, gaue lands,
+whereof foure pounds should be dealt euerie yeare, on good fridaie, to
+the poore people of Wlfrunehampton, and six and twentie shillings eight
+pence yéerelie, towards the reparation of the church there.
+
+[Sidenote: Iohn Ligh of Wlfruneh[=a]pton, his rare example of charitie.]
+
+Moreouer, about Anno 1566, sir Iohn Ligh, a préest, which had serued in
+that church there, the space of thréescore years, for fiue pounds, six
+shillings and eight pence the yeare, without anie other augmentation
+of his liuing, who would neuer take anie other benefice, or other
+preferment, gaue twentie pounds, to purchase twentie shillings the
+yeare lands, the same to be giuen yearelie for euer to the poore of
+Wlfrunehampton vpon good fridaie; & twelue pounds thirtéene shillings
+foure pence, to purchase a marke a yeare lands, the same to be giuen to
+the poore of Chifnall, in the countie of Salope, where the said Ligh
+was borne. This man liued nigh one hundred years. He bestowed besides
+his owne labour which was great (in bearing of stones, &c.) aboue
+twentie pounds on the high waies about that towne of Wlfrunehampton.
+
+[Sidenote: Wlfruneh[=a]pton, corruptlie called Wolnerhampton.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Ex charta regia._]
+
+This towne of Wlfrunehampton, is now corruptlie called Wolnerhampton:
+for in Anno 996, in king Ethelreds time (who wrote himselfe Rex
+Anglorum & princeps Northumbrorum Olympiade tertia regni sui, for so
+he wrote the count of his reigne then, which was the fiftéenth yeare)
+it was then called Hampton, as appeareth by an old charter written by
+the notary of the said king Ethelred, which charter I haue séene and
+read. And for that a noble woman named Wlfrune a Widow, some time wife
+to Althelme duke of Northampton, did obteine of the said king to giue
+lands vnto the church there which she had founded, the said towne
+tooke the addition of the same Wlfrune, for that charter so named hir
+Wlfrune, and the towne Hampton.
+
+[Sidenote: _Smart._]
+
+[Sidenote: Hospitall of the Sauoie.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Rec. of Canturb. church._]
+
+In this yeare was finished the goodlie hospitall of the Sauoie néere
+vnto Charingcrosse, which was a notable foundation for the poore, doone
+by king Henrie the seauenth, vnto the which he purchased and gaue lands
+for the reléeuing of one hundred poore people. This was first named
+Sauoie place, by Peter earle of Sauoie, father to Boniface archbishop
+of Canturburie, about the nine and twentith yeare of king Henrie the
+third, who made the said Peter erle of Richmond. This house belonged
+since to the duke of Lancaster, and at this time was conuerted to
+an hospitall, still reteining the first name of Sauoie. King Henrie
+also builded thrée houses of Franciscane friers, which are called
+obseruants, at Richmond, Gréenewich, and Newarke; and thrée other of
+the familie of Franciscane friers which are called conuentuals, at
+Canturburie, Newcastell, and Southampton.
+
+[Sidenote: _Fr. Thin._]
+
+[Sidenote: Thomas Ruthall bishop of Durham.]
+
+[Sidenote: The situation of Cicester.]
+
+¶ This yeare was Thomas Ruthall made bishop of Durham by Henrie the
+seauenth, touching whose place of birth (being at Cirencester now
+Cicester) and himselfe, I will not refuse to set downe what Leland
+(about the yeare 1542) hath written, not being vnfit héere to be
+recorded. Cirencester (saith he) in Latine called Corinium standeth
+on the riuer Churne. "There haue béene thrée parish churches, whereof
+saint Cicilies church is cleane downe, being of late but a chappell.
+Saint Laurence yet standeth, but it is no parish church. There be two
+poore almes women endued with land. There is now but one parish church
+in all Cirencester that is verie faire, the bodie of which church
+is all new worke, to the which Ruthall bishop of Durham (borne and
+brought vp in Cirencester) promised much, but (preuented by death) gaue
+nothing. One Anne Aueling aunt to doctor Ruthall by the mothers side,
+gaue one hundred markes to the building of that church. King Henrie
+the first made the hospitall of saint Iohns at Cirencester. Thus farre
+Leland."
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop was one of K. Henrie the eights priuie councell.]
+
+[Sidenote: The king c[=o]mmandeth him to write a booke of the whole
+estate of the kingdom.]
+
+This man thus borne at Cicencester in Glocestershire, and made bishop
+of Durham, was afer the death of king Henrie the seauenth, one of the
+priuie councell to king Henrie the eight; in whose court he was so
+continuallie attendant, that he could not steale anie time to attend
+the affaires of his bishoprike. But yet not altogither carelesse
+(though not so much as he ought to haue béene) of the place and cause
+from whence and for which he receiued so great reuenues, as came vnto
+his hands from that sée. He repaired the third part of Tine bridge
+next vnto the south, which he might well doo; for he was accompted the
+richest subiect through the realme. To whome (remaining then at the
+court) the king gaue in charge to write a booke of the whole estate
+of the kingdome, bicause he was knowne to the king to be a man of
+sufficiencie for the discharge thereof, which he did accordinglie.
+
+Afterwards, the king commanded cardinall Woolseie to go to this bishop,
+and to bring the booke awaie with him to deliuer to his maiestie. But
+sée the mishap! that a man in all other things so prouident, should
+now be so negligent: and at that time most forget himselfe, when (as
+it after fell out) he had most néed to haue remembred himselfe. For
+this bishop hauing written two bookes (the one to answer the kings
+command, and the other intreating of his owne priuate affaires) did
+bind them both after one sort in vellame, iust of one length, bredth,
+and thicknesse, and in all points in such like proportion answering one
+another, as the one could not by anie especiall note be discerned from
+the other: both of which he also laid vp togither in one place of his
+studie.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishops booke of his priuat affaires vnaduisedlie
+deliuered in stéed of the kings.]
+
+Now when the cardinall came to demand the booke due to the king: the
+bishop vnaduisedlie commanded his seruant to bring him the booke bound
+in white vellame lieng in his studie in such a place. The seruant
+dooing accordinglie, brought foorth one of those bookes so bound, being
+the booke intreating of the state of the bishop, and deliuered the same
+vnto his maister, who receiuing it (without further consideration
+or looking on) gaue it to the cardinall to beare vnto the king. The
+cardinall hauing the booke, went from the bishop, and after (in his
+studie by himselfe) vnderstanding the contents thereof, he greatlie
+reioised, hauing now occasion (which he long sought for) offered vnto
+him to bring the bishop into the king's disgrace.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishops owne booke disaduantageable to himselfe.]
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop dieth of a sorowfull and pensiue conceipt.]
+
+Wherefore he went foorthwith to the king, deliuered the booke into his
+hands, and bréefelie informed the king of the contents thereof; putting
+further into the king's head, that if at anie time he were destitute of
+a masse of monie, he should not néed to séeke further therefore than
+to the cofers of the bishop, who by the tenor of his owne booke had
+accompted his proper riches and substance to the value of a hundred
+thousand pounds. Of all which when the bishop had intelligence (what
+he had doon, how the cardinall vsed him, what the king said, and what
+the world reported of him) he was striken with such gréefe of the same,
+that he shortlie through extreame sorrow ended his life at London,
+in the yeare of Christ 1523. After whose death the cardinall, which
+had long before gaped after the said bishoprike, in singular hope
+to atteine therevnto, had now his wish in effect: which he the more
+easilie compassed, for that he had his nets alwaies readie cast, as
+assuring himselfe to take a trout: following therein a prophane mans
+cautelous counsell, and putting the same in practise; who saith:
+
+[Sidenote: _Ouid._]
+
+    Casus vbiq; valet, semper tibi pendeat hamus,
+      Quo minimè credis gurgite piscis erit.
+
+[Sidenote: 1509.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 24.]
+
+[Sidenote: The death of king Henrie the seuenth.]
+
+The sicknesse which held the king dailie more and more increasing,
+he well perceiued that his end drew néere, and therefore meaning to
+doo some high pleasure to his people, granted of his frée motion a
+generall pardon to all men, for all offenses doone & committed against
+anie his lawes or statutes; théeues, murtherers, & certeine other were
+excepted. He paied also the fées of all prisoners in the gaoles in and
+about London, abiding there onelie for that dutie. He paied also the
+debts of all such persons as laie in the counters of Ludgate for fortie
+shillings & vnder; and some he reléeued that were condemned in ten
+pounds. Herevpon were processions generallie vsed euerie daie in euerie
+citie and parish, to praie to almightie God for his restoring to health
+and long continuance of the same. Neuerthelesse, he was so wasted with
+his long maladie, that nature could no longer susteine his life, and
+so he departed out of this world the two and twentith of Aprill, in
+his palace of Richmond, in the yéere of our Lord 1509. His corpse was
+conueied with all funerall pompe to Westminster, and there buried by
+the good quéene his wife in a sumptuous chapell, which he not long
+before had caused to be builded.
+
+[Sidenote: What children he had.]
+
+[Sidenote: The description of king Henrie the seuenth.]
+
+He reigned thrée and twentie yeares, and more than seuen moneths, and
+liued two and fiftie yeares. He had by his quéene Elizabeth foure
+sonnes, and foure daughters, of the which thrée remained aliue behind
+him. Henrie his second son prince of Wales, which after him was king,
+Margaret quéen of Scots, and the ladie Marie promised to Charles king
+of Castile. He was a man of bodie but leane and spare, albeit mightie
+and strong therewith; of personage and stature somewhat higher than
+the meane sort of men, of a woonderfull beautie and faire complexion,
+of countenance merie and smiling, especiallie in his communication,
+his eies graie, his téeth single, and haire thin, of wit in all things
+quicke and prompt, of a princelie stomach and hautie courage. In great
+perils, doubtfull affaires, and matters of importance, supernaturall
+and in maner diuine; for he ordered all his dooings aduisedlie and with
+great deliberation.
+
+[Sidenote: Iustice mingled with mercie.]
+
+Besides this, he was sober, moderate, honest, courteous, bountious,
+and so much abhorring pride and arrogancie, that he was euer sharpe
+and quicke to them that were noted with that fault. He was also an
+indifferent and vpright iusticer, by the which one thing he allured
+to him the hearts of manie people, and yet to this seueritie of his
+he ioined a certeine mercifull pitie, which he did extend to those
+that had offended the penall lawes, and were put to their fines by
+his iustices. He did vse his rigour onelie (as he said himselfe) to
+dant, bring low, and abate the high minds and stout stomachs of the
+wealthie and wild people, nourished vp in seditious factions and ciuill
+rebellions, rather than for the gréedie desire of monie; although such
+as were scourged with amerciaments cried out, and said it was rather
+for the respect of gaine, than for anie politike prouision. Indéed he
+left his coffers well stuffed, for he was no wastfull consumer of his
+riches by anie inordinat meanes.
+
+[Sidenote: Out of the bishop of Rochesters funerall sermon preached in
+Paules church at London.]
+
+To conclude, he had asmuch in him of gifts both of bodie, mind and
+fortune, as was possible for anie potentate or king to haue. His
+politike wisedome in gouernance was singular, his wit alwaie quicke
+and readie, his reason pithie and substantiall, his memorie fresh and
+holding, his experience notable, his counsels fortunate and taken by
+wise deliberation, his spéech gratious in diuerse languages, his person
+(as before ye haue heard) right comelie, his naturall complexion of the
+purest mixture, leagues and confederations he had with all christian
+princes. His mightie power was dread euerie where, not onelie within
+his realme but without. Also his people were to him in as humble
+subjection as euer they were to king; his land manie a daie in peace
+and tranquillitie, his prosperitie in battell against his enimies was
+maruellous, his dealing in time of perils and dangers was cold and
+sober, with great hardinesse. If anie treason were conspired against
+him, it came out wonderfullie. His buildings most goodlie, and after
+the newest cast, all of pleasure.
+
+And so this king liuing all his time in fortunes fauour, in high
+honour, wealth and glorie, for his noble acts and prudent policies is
+woorthie to be registred in the booke of fame, least time (the consumer
+of all worthie things) should blot out the memorie of his name here in
+earth, whose soule we trust liueth in heauen, enioieng the fruition
+of the godhead, & those pleasures prepared for the faithfull. [In
+memorie of whome, his manifold vertues, with the fortunate successe
+of his affaires, and the gratious descent of his loines, as they
+procured a famous report in nations farre and néere; so haue some at
+the contemplation of his princelinesse, and euerie waie crowned with
+felicitie, made memorials of his magnificence; to the immortalitie of
+his high praise and vnblemishable renowme: among whome (for the truth
+of the report iustifiable by the contents of this historie) one commeth
+to mind, which may well serue for an epitaph:
+
+    Septimus Henricus factis est nomen adeptus
+    Præclarum claris ventura in secula famæ:
+    Ciuibus ille suis fuerat charissimus, hostes
+    Omnes iure ipsum metuebant: numinis almi
+    Relligiosus erat cultor, pietatis & æqui,
+    Versutos hominésque malos vehementiùs odit.
+    Viginti totos charus trésque ampliùs annos
+    Regibus externis in summo vixit honore:
+    Magnanimus, iustus rex, prudens atque modestus,
+    Henrico hæredi moriens sua regna reliquit,
+    Diuitiásque, immensum argenti pondus & auri.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 892._]
+
+[Sidenote: Sepulture of Henrie the seuenth.]
+
+[Sidenote: Executors to Henrie the suenth.]
+
+¶The altar and sepulture of the same king Henrie the seuenth, wherein
+he now resteth, in his new chappell at Westminster, was made and
+finished in the yeare of our Lord 1519, by one Peter T. a painter of
+the citie of Florence, for the which he receiued one thousand pounds
+sterling for the whole stuffe and workemanship, at the hands of the
+king executors, Richard bishop of Winchester, Richard Fitz Iames bishop
+of London, Thomas bishop of Duresme, Iohn bishop of Rochester, Thomas
+duke of Norffolke treasuror of England, Edward earle of Worcester the
+kings Chamberleine, Iohn F. knight, chiefe iustice of the kings Bench,
+Robert R. knight chiefe justice of the common plées, &c.]
+
+Of learned men that liued in this kings daies (as maister Bale noteth
+them) these are recorded. First George Rppeleie a Carmelite frier at
+Boston, séene in the mathematikes, he wrote diuerse treatises, and
+after his decease was accounted a nekromancer; Iohn Erghom borne in
+Yorke, a blacke frier, a doctor of diuinitie professed in Oxford,
+studious of prophesies, as by the title of the works which he wrote
+it may appeare; Iohn Persiuall a Chartreux monke; Thomas Maillorie a
+Welshman borne, he wrote (I wote not what) of king Arthur, and of the
+round table; Iohn Rousse borne in Warwikeshire, a diligent searcher
+of antiquities, whervpon few libraries were any where to be séene in
+England and Wales, where he made not search for the same, and wrote
+sundrie treatises of historicall arguments. He deceassed at Warwike the
+fourtéenth of Ianuarie in the yeare 1491, and was buried in our ladie
+church there.
+
+[Sidenote: _Dromorensis episcopus._]
+
+Thomas Scroope, otherwise surnamed Bradleie, descended of the noble
+familie of the Scroops, professed sundrie kinds of religions, as
+that of the order of saint Benet, and saint Dominike, and likewise
+he became a Carmelite, and last of all he fell to and preached the
+gospell in haire and sackecloth, till he vnderstood himselfe to be in
+the displeasure of Walden and other, that could not awaie with such
+singularitie in him or other, sounding (as they tooke it) to the danger
+of bringing the doctrine of the Romish church in misliking with the
+people; for then he withdrew himselfe to his house againe, and there
+remained twentie yeares, leading an anchors life, but yet after that
+time he came abroad, and was aduanced to be a bishop in Ireland, and
+went to the Roades in ambassage, from whence, being returned, he went
+barefooted vp and downe in Norffolke, teaching in townes and in the
+countrie abroad the ten commandements, he liued till he came to be at
+the point of an hundred yeares old, & departed this life the fiftéenth
+day of Ianuarie in the yeare of our Lord 1491, and was buried at
+Lestolfe, in Suffolke.
+
+Iohn Tonneis, a diuine and an Augustine frier in Norwich, wrote
+certeine rules of grammar, and other things printed by Richard Pinson;
+Gefferie surnamed the Grammarian; Iohn Alcocke bishop of Elie, changed
+a nunrie at Cambridge into a college named Iesus college, about the
+yéere of Christ 1496. The chiefe cause of suppressing the nunrie is
+noted to be, for that the abbesse and other of the conuent liued
+dissolute liues; Stephan Hawes a learned gentleman, and of such
+reputation, as he was admitted to be one of the priuie chamber to king
+Henrie the seuenth; William Bintrée, so called of a towne in Norffolke
+where he was borne, by profession a Carmelite frier in Burnham, a great
+diuine; William Gallion an Augustine frier in Lin, and at length became
+prouinciall of his order.
+
+Robert Fabian a citizen and merchant of London, an historiographer,
+he was in his time in good estimation for his wisedome and wealth
+in the citie, so that he bare office and was shiriffe in the yeare
+1493; William Celling, borne beside Feuersham in Kent, a monke of
+Canturburie; Thomas Bourchier descended of the noble linage of the
+earles of Essex, was first bishop of Elie, and after remooued from
+thense to Canturburie, succéeding Iohn Kemp in that archbishops sée, at
+length created by pope Paule the second a cardinall; Philip Bromierd
+a Dominicke frier a diuine; Iohn Miles a doctor of both the lawes,
+ciuill and canon, he studied in Oxenford in the college of Brasen nose,
+newlie founded in the daies of this king Henrie the seuenth by William
+Smith bishop of Lincolne; Richard Shirborne bishop of Chichester, and
+imploied in ambassage to diuerse princes, as a man most méet thereto
+for his singular knowledge in learning and eloquence.
+
+Robert Viduus vicar of Thakestéed in Essex, and a prebendarie canon
+of Welles, an excellent poet; Peter Kenighall a Carmelit frier, but
+borne of worshipfull linage in France, hauing an Englishman to his
+father, was student in Oxenford, and became a notable preacher; Iohn
+Morton first bishop of Elie, and after archbishop of Canturburie the
+sixtie and fourth in number that ruled that sée, he was aduanced to
+the dignitie of a cardinall, and by king Henrie the seuenth made
+lord chancellor, a worthie councellor and a modest, he was borne of
+worshipfull parents in Cheshire, & departed this life in the yeare of
+our Lord 1500; Henrie Medwall chapleine to the said Morton; Edmund
+Dudleie borne of noble parentage, studied the lawes of this land, and
+profited highlie in knowledge of the same, he wrote a booke intituled
+Arbor rei publicæ, the trée of the common wealth: of this man ye haue
+heard before in the life of this king, and more (God willing) shall be
+said in the beginning of the next king, as the occasion of the historie
+leadeth; Iohn Bokingham an excellent schooleman; William Blackeneie a
+Carmelit frier, a doctor of diuinitie, and a nekromancer.
+
+
+   Thus farre Henrie the seuenth, sonne to Edmund earle of Richmond.
+
+
+
+    Transcriber's Notes:
+
+
+    Simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors in the prose
+    were corrected.
+
+    Punctuation normalized.
+
+    Archaic, colloquial, and non-standard spellings retained as
+    printed.
+
+    Italics markup is enclosed in _underscores_.
+
+    Characters with a macron are indicated as [=x] where "x" is the
+    character with a macron.
+
+    P. 528 changed 1468 to 1498.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and
+Ireland (3 of 6): England (7 of 9), by Raphael Holinshed
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland
+(3 of 6): England (7 of 9), by Raphael Holinshed
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license
+
+
+Title: Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (3 of 6): England (7 of 9)
+       Henrie the Seauenth, Sonne to Edmund Earle of Richmond,
+              Which Edmund was Brother by the Moothers Side to Henrie
+              the Sixt
+
+Author: Raphael Holinshed
+
+Release Date: May 18, 2014 [EBook #45681]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND,
+SCOTLAND AND IRELAND (3 OF 6): ENGLAND (7 OF 9) ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Richard Tonsing and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<div class="titlepage">
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_479" id="Page_479">[Pg 479]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<h1>HENRIE THE SEAUENTH,<br />
+
+<span class="ph2">sonne to Edmund earle of Richmond, which Edmund was
+brother by the moothers side to Henrie the sixt.</span></h1>
+</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 1.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Edward Plantagenet
+earle of
+Warwike
+sonne and heire
+to George duke
+of Clarence
+committed to
+the tower.</div>
+
+<p>King Henrie hauing thus got the victorie at Bosworth, and slaine his mortall
+enimie there in the field, did send before his departure from Leicester, sir Robert
+Willoughbie knight, to the manour of Sheriffehuton in the countie of Yorke, for
+Edward Plantagenet earle of Warwike, sonne and heire to George duke of Clarence
+then being of the age of fift&eacute;ene yeares; whome king Richard had kept there as prisoner
+during the time of his vsurped reigne. Sir Robert Willoughbie receiuing the yoong
+earle of the constable of that castle conueied him to London where he was shut vp in
+the Tower, for doubt least some vnquiet and euill disposed persons might inuent some
+occasion of new trouble by this yoong gentleman: and therefore king Henrie thought
+good to haue him sure.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">King Henrie
+commeth to
+London.</div>
+
+<p>There was beside him in the castell of Sheriffehuton the ladie Elizabeth eldest
+daughter to king Edward the fourth, whome king Richard (as ye haue heard) meant
+to haue married: but God otherwise ordeined for hir, and perserued hir from that
+vnlawfull copulation and incestuous bed. Shortlie after, she being accompanied with
+a great number as well of noblemen, as honourable matrons, was with good sp&eacute;ed
+conueied to London, and brought to hir moother. In the meane season king Henrie
+remooued forward by soft iournies towards London, the people comming in from all
+sides to behold him, and exc&eacute;edinglie reioising at his presence, as by their voices and
+gestures it well appeared.</p>
+
+<p>At his approching n&eacute;ere to the citie, the maior and his brethren, with other worshipfull
+citizens, being clothed in violet, met him at Shordich, and reuerentlie saluted him:
+and so with great pompe and triumph he rode thorough the citie to the cathedrall
+church of S. Paule, where he offered thr&eacute;e standards. In the one was the image of
+saint George, in an other was a red fierie dragon beaten vpon white and gr&eacute;ene sarcenet,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_480" id="Page_480">[Pg 480]</a></span>
+and in the third was painted a dun cow vpon yellow tarterne. After his praiers
+said, and Te deum soong, he departed to the bishops palace, and there soiourned a season.
+Anon after, he assembled togither the sage councellors of the realme, in which
+councell like a prince of iust faith, and true of promise, to auoid all ciuill discord, he
+appointed a daie to ioine in marriage with the ladie Elizabeth, heire of the house of
+Yorke; with his noble personage, heire to the line of Lancaster. Which thing not
+onelie reioised the hearts of the nobles and gentlemen of the realme, but also gained
+the fauours and good wils of all the commons.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Henrie the
+seuenth crowned
+king.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1485.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A parlement at
+Westminster,
+with an atteindor
+and a pardon
+generall.</div>
+
+<p>After this, with great pompe he rowed vnto Westminster, &amp; there the thirtith daie of
+October he was with all ceremonies accustomed, annointed, &amp; crowned king, by the
+whole assent as well of the commons as of the nobilitie, &amp; called Henrie the seauenth
+of that name: which was in the yeare of the world 5452, and after the birth of
+our Lord 1485, in the fortie and sixt yeare of Frederike the third then emperour of
+Almaine, Maximilian his sonne being newlie elected king of the Romans, in the
+second yeare of Charles the eight then king of France, and in the fiue and twentith of
+king Iames then ruling the realme of Scotland. For the establishing of all things
+as well touching the preseruation of his owne estate, as the commendable administration
+of iustice and preferrement of the common wealth of his realme, he called his
+high court of parlement at Westminster the seauenth daie of Nouember, wherein was
+atteinted Richard late duke of Glocester, calling and naming himselfe by vsurpation,
+king Richard the third.</p>
+
+<p>Likewise there was atteinted as ch&eacute;efe aiders and assistants to him in the battell at
+Bosworth, aduanced against the present king, Iohn late duke of Norffolke, Thomas
+earle of Surrie, Francis Louell knight vicount Louell, Walter Deuereux knight late
+lord Ferrers, Iohn lord Zouch, Robert Harrington, Richard Charleton, Richard Ratcliffe,
+William Berkeleie of Weleie, Robert Middleton, Iames Harrington, Robert
+Brakenberie, Thomas Pilkington, Walter Hopton, William Catesbie, Roger Wake,
+William Sapcote of the countie of Huntington, Humfrie Stafford, William Clerke
+of Wenlocke, Geffrie saint Germaine, Richard Watkins herald of armes, Richard Reuell
+of Derbishire, Thomas Pulter of the countie of Kent, Iohn Welsh otherwise called
+Hastings, Iohn Kendall late secretaire to the said Richard late duke of Glocester,
+Iohn Bucke, Andrew Rat, and William Brampton of Burford.</p>
+
+<p>In which atteindor neuerthelesse there were diuerse clauses and prouisos for the
+benefit of their wiues and other persons, that had or might claime anie right, title,
+or interest lawfullie vnto anie castels, manours, lordships, townes, towneships, honours,
+lands, tenements, rents, seruices, f&eacute;e farmes, annuities, knights f&eacute;es, aduousons,
+reuersions, remainders, and other hereditaments; whereof the said persons atteinted
+were possessed or seized to the vses of such other persons: with a speciall prouiso
+also, that the said atteindor should not be preiudiciall to Iohn Catesbie knight,
+Thomas Reuell, and William Ashbie esquiers, in, of, &amp; vpon the manour of Kirkebie
+vpon Wretheke in the countie of Leicester, nor in, of, and vpon anie other lands and
+tenements in Kirkebie aforesaid, Melton, Somerbie, Thropseghfield, and Godebie, which
+they had of the gift &amp; feoffement of Thomas Dauers, &amp; Iohn Lie. And further, notwithstanding
+this atteindor, diuerse of the said persons afterwards were not onelie by
+the king pardoned, but also restored to their lands and liuings.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The king aduanceth
+his
+fr&eacute;ends.</div>
+
+<p>Moreouer, in this present parlement, he caused proclamation to be made, that all
+men were pardoned and acquited of their offenses, which would submit themselues
+to his mercie, and receiue an oth to be true and faithfull vnto him: wherevpon manie
+that came out of sanctuaries and other places were receiued to grace, and admitted
+for his subiects. After this, he began to remember his speciall fr&eacute;ends, of whome
+some he aduanced to honour and dignitie, and some he inriched with goods and possessions,
+euerie man according to his deserts and merits. And to begin, his vncle<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_481" id="Page_481">[Pg 481]</a></span>
+Iasper earle of Penbroke, he created duke of Bedford; Thomas lord Stanleie was
+created earle of Derbie; and the lord Chendew of Britaine his especiall fr&eacute;end, he
+made earle of Bath; sir Giles Daubeneie was made lord Daubeneie; sir Robert Willoughbie
+was made lord Brooke. And Edward Stafford eldest sonne to Henrie late
+duke of Buckingham, he restored to his name, dignitie, &amp; possessions, which by
+king Richard were confiscat and atteinted. Beside this, in this parlement was this
+notable act assented to and concluded as followeth; to the pleasure of almightie God,
+wealth, prosperitie, and suertie of this realme of England, and to the singular comfort
+of all the kings subiects of the same, in auoiding all ambiguities and questions.</p>
+
+
+<h2>An act for the establishing of the crowne in the line of Henrie the seauenth.</h2>
+
+<p>Be it ordeined, established, and enacted by this present parlement, that the inheritance
+of the crown of this realme of England, &amp; also of France, with all the preheminence,
+and dignitie roiall to the same apperteining, all other seigniories to the
+king belonging beyond the sea, with the appurtenances thereto in anie wise due or
+apperteining, shall rest, remaine, and abide, in the most roiall person of our now souereigne
+lord king Henrie the seuenth, and in the heires of his bodie lawfullie comming,
+perpetuallie, with the grace of God so to indure, and in none other.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<div class="sidenote">The king red&eacute;emeth
+his hostages.</div>
+
+<p>Beside this act, all atteindors of this king enacted by king Edward and king
+Richard were adnihilated, and the record of the same iudged to be defaced; and all
+persons atteinted for his cause and occasion were restored to their goods, lands, and
+possessions. Diuerse acts also made in the time of king Edward and king Richard
+were reuoked, and other adiudged more expedient for the common wealth were put in
+their places and concluded. After the dissolution of this parlement, the king remembring
+his fr&eacute;ends left in hostage beyond the seas, that is to wit, the marquesse Dorset,
+sir Iohn Bourchier, he with all conuenient sp&eacute;ed red&eacute;emed them, and sent also into
+Flanders for Iohn Morton bishop of Elie. These acts performed, he chose to be of
+his councell a conuenient number of right graue and wise councellors.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Flem. ex
+subsequentib.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">S&eacute;e the historie
+of Engl&#257;d pag.
+124.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">S&eacute;e also D.
+<i>Powels</i> historie of
+Wales, pag. 2.
+and 376, 377,
+&amp;c.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">S&eacute;e before in
+Edward the
+fourth, pag. 302.</div>
+
+<p>&para; This did he, that he might the more roiallie gouerne his kingdome, which he obteined
+and inioied as a thing by God elected and prouided, and by his especiall fauour
+and gratious aspect compassed and atchiued. Insomuch that men commonlie report
+that seauen hundred nintie &amp; seauen y&eacute;eres passed, it was by a heauenlie voice reuealed
+to Cadwalader last of king Britains, that his stocke &amp; progenie should reigne in this
+land &amp; beare dominion againe. Wherevpon most men were persuaded in their owne
+opinion, that by this heauenlie voice he was prouided &amp; ordeined long before to inioy
+&amp; obteine this kingdome. Which thing K. Henrie the sixt did also shew before, as it
+were by propheticall inspiration, at such time as the earle of Penbroke presented the
+said Henrie (at that time a proper child) vnto Henrie the sixt, whome after he had beheld,
+and a good while viewed the comlinesse of his countenance, and orderlie lineaments
+of his bodie, he said to such p&eacute;eres as stood about him: Lo, suerlie this is he,
+to whome both we and our aduersaries, leauing the possession of all things, shall
+hereafter giue roome and place: &amp; so it came to passe by the appointment of God, to
+whose gouernement, gift, and disposing, all realmes and all dominions are subiect, as
+king Dauid confesseth, saieng:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Omnia sunt regno subdita regna Dei.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Gu. Ha. in psal.
+103.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">King Henrie
+the seuenth taketh
+to wife Elizabeth
+eldest
+daughter of Edward
+the fourth.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1486.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>In Hen. 7.</i></div>
+
+<p>Now although by this meanes all things s&eacute;emed to be brought in good and perfect
+order, yet there lacked a wrest to the harpe, to set all the strings in a monocord and
+perfect tune, which was the matrimonie to be finished betw&eacute;ene the king and the ladie<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_482" id="Page_482">[Pg 482]</a></span>
+Elizabeth, daughter to king Edward. Which like a good prince, according to his oth,
+&amp; promise, he did both solemnize &amp; consummate shortlie after, that is to saie, on the
+eight&eacute;enth daie of Ianuarie. By reason of which marriage, peace was thought to descend
+out of heauen into England, considering that the lines of Lancaster and Yorke
+were now brought into one knot, and connexed togither, of whose two bodies one
+heire might succ&eacute;ed to rule and inioie the whole monarchie and realme of England,
+which before was rent and diuided into factions &amp; partakings, whereby manie a mans
+life was lost, great spoiles made of peoples goods, wast of wealth, worship, and honor,
+all which ended in this blessed and gratious connexion, authorised by God, as
+our Anglorum pr&aelig;lia saith:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Hoc Deus omnipotens pacis confecerat author,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ciuil&iacute;sque habuit tandem contentio finem.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Yeomen of the
+gard first brought
+in.</div>
+
+<p>Shortlie after, for the better preseruation of his roiall person, he constituted and
+ordeined a certeine number, as well of archers, as of diuerse other persons, hardie,
+strong, and actiue to giue dailie attendance on his person, whom he named yeomen
+of his gard, which president men thought that he learned of the French king when
+he was in France. For it is not remembered, that anie king of England before that
+daie vsed anie such furniture of dailie souldiers. &para; In this same y&eacute;ere a new kind of
+sickenes inuaded suddenlie the people of this land, passing through the same from the
+one end to the other. It began about the one and twentith of September, and continued
+vntill the latter end of October, being so sharpe and deadlie, that the like was
+neuer heard of to anie mans remembrance before that time.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The sweating
+sickenesse.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A remedie for
+the sweating
+sickenesse.</div>
+
+<p>For suddenlie a deadlie burning sweat so assailed their bodies and distempered their
+bloud with a most ardent heat, that scarse one amongst an hundred that sickened did
+escape with life: for all in maner as soone as the sweat tooke them, or within a short
+time after y&eacute;elded the ghost. Beside the great number which deceassed within the
+citie of London, two maiors successiuelie died within eight daies and six Aldermen.
+At length, by the diligent obseruation of those that escaped (which marking what
+things had doone them good, and holpen to their deliuerance, vsed the like againe.)
+When they fell into the same disease, the second or third time, as to diuerse it chanced,
+a remedie was found for that mortall maladie, which was this. If a man on the day
+time were taken with the sweat, then should he streight lie downe with all his clothes
+and garments, and continue in his sweat foure and twentie houres, after so moderate a
+sort as might be.</p>
+
+<p>If in the night he chanced to be taken, then should he not rise out of his bed for
+the space of foure and twentie houres, so casting the clothes that he might in no wise
+prouoke the sweat, but lie so temperatlie, that the water might distill out softlie of
+the owne accord, and to absteine from all meat if he might so long suffer hunger, and
+to take no more drinke neither hot nor cold, than, would moderatelie quench and
+asswage his thirstie appetite. Thus with lukewarme drinke, temperate heate, and
+measurable cloaths manie escaped: few which vsed this order (after it was found out)
+died of that sweat. Marie one point diligentlie aboue all other in this cure is to be
+obserued, that he neuer did put his hand or f&eacute;et out of the bed to refresh or coole himselfe,
+which to doo is no lesse ieopardie than short and present death. Thus this disease
+comming in the first yeare of king Henries reigne, was iudged (of some) to be a
+token and signe of a troublous reigne of the same king, as the proofe partlie afterwards
+shewed it selfe.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The king requested
+a prest
+of six thousand
+markes.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A parlement
+summoned &amp;
+new lawes for
+the common-wealth
+enacted.</div>
+
+<p>The king standing in n&eacute;ed of monie to discharge such debts, and to mainteine such
+port as was behouefull, sent the lord treasurer with maister Reginald Braie, and others,
+vnto the lord maior of London, requiring of the citie a prest of six thousand marks.
+Wherevpon the said lord maior and his brethren, with the commons of the citie, granted<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_483" id="Page_483">[Pg 483]</a></span>
+a prest of two thousand pounds, which was levied of the companies, and not of
+the wards; and in the yeare next insuing, it was well and trulie againe repaid euerie
+penie, to the good contentation and satisfieng of them that disbursed it. The king
+considering that the suertie of his roiall estate and defense of the realme consisted
+ch&eacute;efelie in good lawes and ordinances to be had and obserued among his people summoned
+eftsoones his high court of parlement, therein to deuise and establish some profitable
+acts and statutes, for the wealth and commoditie of his people.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The king goeth
+into the North.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A rebellion
+made by the
+lord Louell and
+others.</div>
+
+<p>After this, hauing set things in quiet about London, he tooke his iournie into the
+North parts, there to purge all the dregs of malicious treson that might rest in the
+hearts of vnquiet persons, and namelie in Yorkeshire, where the people bare more
+fauour vnto king Richard in his life time, than those of anie other part of the realme
+had commonlie doone. He kept the feast of Easter at Lincolne; where he was certified
+that the lord Louell and Humfrie Stafford, and Thomas Stafford, his brother,
+were departed out of the sanctuarie at Colchester, to what place or whither, no man as
+yet could tell. The king little regarding the matter, kept on his iournie, and came to
+Yorke, where as soone as he was once setled, it was openlie shewed and declared for a
+truth to the king himselfe, that Frances lord Louell was at hand with a strong and
+mightie power of men, and would with all diligence inuade the citie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Humfrie Stafford.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Thomas Stafford.</div>
+
+<p>It was also told him, that the forenamed Staffords were in Worsetershire, and had
+raised a great band of the countrie people and commons there, and had cast lots what
+part should assault the gates, what men should scale the wals of the citie of Worcester,
+and who should let the passages for letting of rescues and aiders. The king
+could not bel&eacute;eue this report to be true at the first, but after that, by letters of credence
+sent from his fr&eacute;ends, he was fullie persuaded that it was too true, he was put
+in no small feare, and not without great cause. For he wiselie considered, that he
+neither had anie competent armie readie, nor conuenient furniture to arme them that
+were present: and also he was in such place, where he could not assemble anie power,
+but of those whome he sore mistrusted, as fr&eacute;ends to them that were most his enimies;
+the memorie of king Richard as yet being not amongst them forgotten nor
+worne out of mind.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The duke of
+Bedford against
+the lord Louell
+in armes.</div>
+
+<p>But bicause the matter required quicke expedition, he appointed the duke of Bedford
+with thr&eacute;e thousand men not altogither the best armed (for their brest plates for
+the most part were of tanned leather) to march foorth against the lord Louell, and
+to set vpon him without anie lingering of time. The duke hasting forward, approched
+to the campe of his enimies, &amp; before he would assaile them, he caused the heralds
+to make proclamation, that all those that would depart from their armour, and submit
+themselues as subiects vnto their naturall prince and souereigne lord, should be
+pardoned of all former offenses. The lord Louell vpon this proclamation, either putting
+mistrust in his souldiers, or fearing himselfe in his owne behalfe, fled priuilie
+in a night from his companie, and left them as a flocke of sh&eacute;epe without a sh&eacute;epeheard.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The lord Louell
+escapeth.</div>
+
+<p>Which departure of the lord when his armie vnderstood, it put the souldiers in such
+despaire of atchiuing anie further enterprise, that they immediatlie put off their armour,
+and came directlie vnto the duke, euerie man humblie submitting himselfe,
+and desiring pardon of his offenses. So in this wise was that dangerous storme and
+cruell rage of those furious rebels appeased, which was doubted would haue growne
+to the destruction of manie a man. The lord Louell the procurer of this businesse,
+escaping awaie got him into Lancashire, and there for a certeine space lay lurking in
+secret with sir Thomas Broughton knight, which in those parties was a man of no
+small authoritie and power.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_484" id="Page_484">[Pg 484]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Sir Humfrie
+Stafford taken
+out of Colnham
+sanctuarie, and
+executed.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 2.</div>
+
+<p>Sir Humfreie Stafford also, hearing what had happened to the lord Louell, in great
+displeasure and sorrowe, and for feare left his enterprise, and in like manner fled, and
+tooke sanctuarie at Colnham, a village not past two miles from Abindon. But bicause
+that sanctuarie was not a sufficient defense (as was prooued before the iustices of the
+kings Bench) for traitours, he was taken from that place, &amp; brought to the Tower, &amp;
+after put to execution at Tiborne: but his brother Thomas that was with him, was
+pardoned, bicause he was thought not to haue attempted anie thing of himselfe otherwise
+than by the euill counsell and persuasion of his elder brother. After that the
+king had quieted all these commotions and tumults, and reformed the rude and brabling
+people of the North parts, he returned to London.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex
+Epitome Rich.
+Grafton.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">One of the
+maiors officers
+chosen shiriffe of
+L&#333;ndon and lord
+maior.</div>
+
+<p>&para; In this yeare Iohn Persiuall, one of the maior of Londons officers, and his caruer,
+was chosen one of the shiriffes of London. For when the maior (as the custome of
+London is) dooth elect one of the shiriffes of London for the yeare insuing, by taking
+and drinking a cup of wine to such a one as he lust to name shiriffe; the maior for
+the time being, whose name was sir Henrie Collet, tooke the cup of wine, and dranke
+vnto the aforesaid Iohn Persiuall his caruer standing bareheaded before him, and
+waiting vpon his boord, and called him shiriffe of London for the yeare insuing: and
+foorthwith the said maior caused the same Persiuall to sit downe at his owne table, and
+to couer his head. And the same Persiuall tooke vpon him the office of shiriualtie,
+and after was maior of London, and was made knight.</p>
+
+<p>In this meane time, of a small matter, and the same altogither false and fained,
+there was an open path made and beaten foorth, for a greater inconuenience to insue.
+The which matter might s&eacute;eme verie strange, how such trouble and misch&eacute;efe should
+grow thereof, if the time were not considered, in which it happened. For in those
+daies manie persons, either borne in the wombe of continuall dissention, or nourished
+with the milke of ciuill sedition, could not forbeare their vsuall custome of moouing
+strife, and sowing debate, euer glad to haue anie occasion, though neuer so small,
+to stirre vprores of warre, and slaughter of people. Which men if they knew (a matter
+of weightie conceipt) the hurts thereof, they would be as earnest in s&eacute;eking after
+peace as they are gr&eacute;edie in pursuit of warre, speciallie ciuill warre: but the cause
+whie they are defectiue therein, is the want of m&eacute;ekenesse and humilitie, as the wiseman
+saith:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Mite cor horribili seditione vacat.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Sir Richard
+Simond a fraudulent
+pr&eacute;est.
+Lambert Simenell
+the counterfeit
+earle of
+Warwike.</div>
+
+<p>Amongst other such monsters and limmes of the diuell, there was one sir Richard
+Simond pr&eacute;est, a man of base birth, and yet well learned, but not so learned as wilie,
+nor so wilie as vngratious, delighting in fraud &amp; deceit, euen from his youth. He had a
+scholer called Lambert Simenell, one of a gentle nature and pregnant wit, to be the
+organe and ch&eacute;efe instrument, by the which he might conueie and bring to passe his
+misch&eacute;euous attempt. The diuell ch&eacute;efe master of such practises, put in the venemous
+braine of this disloiall and traitorous pr&eacute;est to deuise how he might make his scholer
+the foresaid Lambert to be reputed as right inheritour to the crowne of this realme:
+namelie, for that the fame went that king Edwards children were not dead but fled
+secretlie into some strange place, and there to be liuing: and that Edward earle of
+Warwike, sonne and heire to the duke of Clarence, either was, or shortlie should be
+put to death.</p>
+
+<p>These rumors though they s&eacute;emed not to be grounded of anie likelihood to the wiser
+sort of men, yet incouraged this p&eacute;euish priest to thinke the time come, that his
+scholer Lambert might take vpon him the person and name of one of king Edwards
+children. And herevpon at Oxford, where their abiding was, the said pr&eacute;est instructed
+his pupill both with princelie behauiour, ciuill maners, and good literature, declaring
+to him of what linage he should affirme himselfe to be descended, and omitted nothing
+that might serue for his purpose. Soone after, the rumor was blowne abroad,
+that the earle of Warwike was broken out of prison. And when the pr&eacute;est sir Richard<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_485" id="Page_485">[Pg 485]</a></span>
+Simond heard of this, he streight intended now by that occasion to bring his inuented
+purpose to passe, and changing the childes name of baptisme, called him Edward,
+after the name of the yoong earle of Warwike, the which were both of like yeares,
+and of like stature.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Thomas Gerardine
+chancellor
+of Ireland interteineth
+the
+counterfeit earle
+verie honorablie.</div>
+
+<p>Then he with his scholer sailed into Ireland, where he so set foorth the matter vnto
+the nobilitie of that countrie, that not onelie the lord Thomas Gerardine chancellor of
+that land deceiued though his craftie tale, receiued the counterfeit earle into his castell
+with all honour and reuerence; but also manie other noble men determined to aid him
+(with all their powers) as one descended of the bloud roiall and lineallie come of the
+house of Yorke, which the Irish people euermore highlie fauoured, honoured, and
+loued aboue all other. By this meanes euerie man through out all Ireland was willing
+and readie to take his part, and to submit themselues to him; alreadie reputing and
+calling him of all hands king. So that now they of this sect (by the aduise of the
+pr&eacute;est) sent into England certeine priuie messengers to get fr&eacute;ends h&eacute;ere.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Margaret the
+duchesse of Burgognie
+sister to
+king Edward
+the fourth, hir
+malicious mind
+to Lancaster
+house.</div>
+
+<p>Also they sent into Flanders to the ladie Margaret, sister to king Edward, &amp; late
+wife to Charles duke of Burgognie, to purchase aid and helpe at hir hands. This ladie
+Margaret bare no small rule in the low countries, and in verie d&eacute;ed sore grudged in hir
+heart, that king Henrie (being descended of the house of Lancaster) should reigne
+and gouerne the realme of England: and therefore though she well vnderstood that
+this was but a coloured matter; yet to worke hir malicious intention against king
+Henrie, she was glad to haue so fit an occasion: and therfore promised the messengers
+all the aid that she should be able to make in furtherance of the quarell; and also to
+procure all the fr&eacute;ends she could in other places, to be aiders and partakers of the same
+conspiracie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A generall pardon
+excepting no
+off&#275;nse.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Order taken that
+the yoong earle
+of Warwike
+should be shewed
+abroad.</div>
+
+<p>King Henrie aduertised of all these dooings, was greatlie vexed therewith: and
+therefore to haue good aduise in the matter, he called togither his councell at the
+Charterhouse beside his manor of Richmond, and there consulted with them, by which
+means best this begun conspiracie might be appeased and disappointed without more
+disturbance. It was therefore determined, that a generall pardon should be published
+to all offendors that were content to receiue the same. This pardon was so fr&eacute;elie
+granted that no offense was excepted, no not so much as high treason committed
+against the kings roiall person. It was further agr&eacute;ed in the same councell for the
+time then present, that the earle of Warwike should personallie be shewed abroad in
+the citie, and other publike places: whereby the vntrue report falselie spred abroad,
+that he should be in Ireland, might be among the communaltie prooued and knowne
+for a vaine imagined lie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Ladie Elizabeth
+late wife to king
+Edward the
+fourth, adiudged
+to forfeit all
+hir lands for
+promise-breaking.</div>
+
+<p>In this solemne councell, diuerse &amp; manie things for the wealth of the realme were
+debated and concluded. And among other it was determined, that the ladie Elizabeth
+wife to king Edward the fourth, should loose and forfeit all hir lands and possessions,
+bicause she had voluntarilie submitted hir selfe and hir daughters wholie to the hands
+of king Richard, contrarie to hir promise made to the lords and nobles of this realme
+in the beginning of the conspiracie made against king Richard, whereby she did
+inough to haue quailed all the purpose of them that ioined with hir in that matter.
+But though hir fault was gr&eacute;euous, yet was it iudged by some men that she deserued
+not by equitie of iustice so great a losse and punishment. Howbeit, this iudgement
+was altogether affectionate and parciall in hir behalfe; besides that it was reasonable in
+great measure (all circumstances considered) for she was not lightlie induced to doo as
+she did, neither stood it with the frailtie of a woman to withstand the temptations
+of a mightie man, or rather a reaching tyrant.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_486" id="Page_486">[Pg 486]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Qu&eacute;enes Colledge
+in Cambridge
+founded
+by the ladie
+Elizabeth king
+Edward the
+fourth his wife.</div>
+
+<p>But such was hir chance by hir lightnesse and inconstancie, that she wan the displeasure
+of manie men, and for that cause liued after in the abbeie of Bermondseie beside
+Southwarke a wretched and a miserable life, where not manie yeares after she deceassed
+and is buried with hir husband at Windsore. Though fortune thus ruleth manie
+things at hir plesure, yet one worke that this qu&eacute;ene accomplished cannot be forgotten:
+for in the life time of hir husband king Edward the fourth, she founded and erected a
+notable colledge in the vniuersitie of Cambridge, for the finding of scholers and students
+of the same vniuersitie, and endowed it with sufficient possessions for the long
+maintenance of the same, which at this daie is called the Qu&eacute;enes colledge.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Edward the
+right earle of
+Warwike shewed
+openlie in
+procession.</div>
+
+<p>When all things in this counsell were sagelie concluded and agr&eacute;ed to the kings mind,
+he returned to London; giuing in commandement, that the next sundaie insuing,
+Edward the yoong earle of Warwike should be brought from the Tower through the
+most publike str&eacute;ets in all London, to the cathedrall church of saint Paule, where
+he went openlie in procession, that euerie man might s&eacute;e him, hauing communication
+with manie noble men, and with them especiallie that were suspected to be partakers
+of the late begun conspiracie; that they might perceiue how the Irishmen vpon a vaine
+shadowe mooued warre against the king and his realme. But this medicine little
+auailed euill disposed persons. For the earle of Lincolne sonne to Iohn de la Poole
+duke of Suffolke, and Elizabeth sister to king Edward the fourth, thought it not m&eacute;et
+to neglect and omit so readie an occasion of new trouble.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An ill matter
+followed to the
+proofe.</div>
+
+<p>Wherefore they determined to vphold the enterprise of the Irishmen, and other
+complices of this conspiracie; so that consulting with sir Thomas Broughton, and certeine
+other of his most trustie fr&eacute;ends, he purposed to saile into Flanders to his aunt
+the ladie Margaret duchesse of Burgognie, trusting by hir helpe to make a puissant
+armie, and to ioine with the companions of the new raised sedition. Therefore after
+the dissolution of the parlement which then was holden, he fled secretlie into Flanders
+vnto the said ladie Margaret; where Francis lord Louell landed certeine daies
+before. H&eacute;ere after long consultation had how to proc&eacute;ed in their businesse, it was
+agr&eacute;ed, that the earle of Lincolne, and the lord Louell should go into Ireland;
+and there to attend vpon the duchesse hir counterfeit nephue, and to honor him as a
+king, and with the power of the Irishmen to bring him into England.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The earle of
+Lincolnes flight
+into Flanders
+doubted of king
+Henrie.</div>
+
+<p>Now they concluded, that if their dooings had successe, then the foresaid Lambert
+(misnamed the earle of Warwike) should by consent of the councell be deposed, and
+Edward the true earle of Warwike deliuered out of prison and annointed king. King
+Henrie supposing that no man would haue b&eacute;ene so mad as to haue attempted anie
+further enterprise in the name of that new found &amp; counterfeit earle, he onelie studied
+how to subdue the seditious conspiracie of the Irishmen. But hearing that the earle
+of Lincolne was fled into Flanders, he was somwhat mooued therewith, and caused
+soldiors to be put in a readinesse out of euerie part of his realme, and to bring them
+into one place assigned, that when his aduersaries should appeare, he might suddenlie
+set vpon them, vanquish and ouercome them.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The marques
+Dorset committed
+to the Tower.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1487.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Martine Sward a
+valient capteine
+of the Almains,
+assistant to the
+earle of Lincolne.</div>
+
+<p>Thus disposing things for his suertie, he went towards S. Edmunds burie, and
+being certified that the marquesse Dorset was comming towards his maiestie, to excuse
+himselfe of things that he was suspected to haue doone when he was in France, he
+sent the earle of Oxford to arrest the said marques by the waie, and to conueie him to
+the Tower of London, there to remaine till his truth might be tried. From thence
+the K. went foorth to Norwich, and tarrieng there Christmasse daie, he departed after
+to Walsingham, where he offered to the image of our ladie, and then by Cambridge he
+shortlie returned to London. In which meane time, the earle of Lincolne had gotten
+togither by the aid of the ladie Margaret about two thousand Almains, with one Martine
+Sward, a valiant and noble capteine to lead them.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_487" id="Page_487">[Pg 487]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The counterfeit
+earle of Warwike
+with all his adherents
+landeth in
+England.</div>
+
+<p>With this power the earle of Lincolne sailed into Ireland, and at the citie of Diuelin
+caused yoong Lambert to be proclaimed and named king of England, after the most
+solemne fashion, as though he were the verie heire of the bloud roiall lineallie borne
+and descended. And so with a great multitude of beggerlie Irishmen, almost all naked
+and vnarmed, sauing skains and mantels, of whome the lord Thomas Gerardine was
+capteine and conductor, they sailed into England with this new found king, and landed
+for a purpose at the pile of Fowdreie, within a little of Lancaster, trusting there to
+find aid by the meanes of sir Thomas Broughton, one of the ch&eacute;efe companions of
+the conspiracie.</p>
+
+<p>The king had knowledge of the enimies intent before their arriuall, and therefore
+hauing assembled a great armie (ouer the which the duke of Bedford, and the earle of
+Oxenford were ch&eacute;efe capteins) he went to Couentrie, where he was aduertised, that
+the earle of Lincolne was landed at Lancaster with his new king. H&eacute;ere he tooke
+aduise of his councellors what was best to be doone, whether to set on the enimies
+without further delaie, or to protract time a while. But at length it was thought best
+to delaie no time but to giue them battell, before they should increase their power, and
+therevpon he remooued to Notingham, &amp; there by a little wood called Bowres, he
+pitched his field.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">K. Henries power
+soone increased.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The earle of
+Lincolne entreth
+Yorkeshire.</div>
+
+<p>Shortlie after this came to him the lord George Talbot earle of Shrewesburie, the
+lord Strange, sir Iohn Cheinie, right valiant capteins, with manie other noble and
+expert men of warre, namelie of the countries n&eacute;ere adioining; so that the kings
+armie was woonderfullie increased. In this space the earle of Lincolne being entered
+into Yorkeshire, passed softlie on his iournie without spoiling or hurting of anie man,
+trusting thereby to haue some companie of people resort vnto him. But after he perceiued
+few or none to follow him, and that it was too late now to returne backe, he
+determined to trie the matter by dint of sword, and herevpon directed his waie from
+Yorke to Newarke vpon Trent.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The battell of
+Stoke.</div>
+
+<p>But before he came there, king Henrie knowing all his enimies purposes, came the
+night before the daie of the battell to Newarke; and tarrieng there a little, went thr&eacute;e
+miles further, and pitching his field, lodged there that night. The earle of Lincolne
+certified of his comming, was nothing abashed, but kept still on his iournie; and at a little
+village called Stoke, nigh to the king and his armie, set downe his campe. The next
+daie the king diuided his whole power into thr&eacute;e battels, and after in good arraie approched
+nigh to the towne of Stoke. The earle likewise set foorth his armie, and
+incountring with the kings people in a faire plaine there, m&eacute;et for the triall of such a
+conflict, set vpon them with a manlie courage, desiring his soldiors to remember his
+honour and their owne liues.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The armies
+ioine.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Martine Sward a
+p&eacute;erlesse warrior.</div>
+
+<p>Then both the armies ioined and fought verie earnestlie, in so much that the Almains,
+being tried and expert men of warre, were in all things, as well in strength as policie,
+equals and matches to the Englishmen. But as for Martine Sward their colonell, few
+of the Englishmen, either in valiant courage, or strength, and nimblenesse of bodie was
+to him comparable. On the other side, the Irishmen, although they fought manfullie,
+and stucke to it valiantlie; yet bicause they were (after the maner of their countrie)
+almost naked, without anie conuenable furniture of armour, they were striken downe
+and slaine like dull &amp; brute beasts, which was a great discouragement to the residue of
+the companie. Thus they fought for a space so sore and so egerlie on both parts, that
+no man could well iudge to whome the victorie was like to incline.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The kings power
+ouercommeth.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">All the capteins
+of the aduerse
+part against the
+king slaine.</div>
+
+<p>But at length the kings fore-ward being full of people, and well fortified with wings,
+which onelie both began and continued the fight, set vpon the aduersaries with such
+force and violence, that first they oppressed and killed such capiteins, one by one, as resisted
+their might and puissance: and after that, put all the other to flight, the which
+were either apprehended as prisoners in their running awaie, or else slaine and brought
+vnto confusion in a small moment. Now when this battell was ended, and fought
+out to the extremitie, then it well appeared, what high prowesse, what manfull
+stomachs, what hardie and couragious hearts rested in the kings aduersaries. For
+there the ch&eacute;efe capteins, the earle of Lincolne, and the lord Louell, sir Thomas<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_488" id="Page_488">[Pg 488]</a></span>
+Broughton, Martine Sward, and the lord Gerardine capteine of the Irishmen were
+slaine, and found dead in the verie places which they had chosen aliue to fight in, not
+giuing one foot of ground to their aduersaries.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The number of
+the slaine that
+were against the
+king.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Lambert and his
+maister Simond
+tak&#275;n.</div>
+
+<p>Howbeit some affirme, that the lord Louell tooke his horsse, and would haue fled
+ouer Trent, but was not able to recouer the further side for the highnesse of the banke,
+and so was drowned in the riuer. There were killed at that battell, with their fiue
+capteins before rehersed, of that partie about foure thousand. Of the kings part
+there were not halfe of them which fought in the fore-ward, and gaue the onset slaine
+or hurt. Then was Lambert the yoongling, which was falslie reported to be the sonne
+of the duke of Clarence, and his maister sir Richard Simond priest both taken, but
+neither of them put to death; bicause that Lambert was but an innocent, and of
+yeares insufficient of himselfe to doo any such enterprise; and the other was pardoned
+of life, bicause he was a priest, and annointed man; but yet was committed to perpetuall
+prison.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Morton bishop
+of Elie made
+archbishop of
+Canturburie and
+chancellor of
+England.</div>
+
+<p>Lambert was at length made one of the kings falconers, after that he had b&eacute;ene a
+turnebroch for a space in the kings kitchen. This battell was fought on a saturdaie
+being the sixt&eacute;enth daie of Iune, in this second y&eacute;ere of his reigne. In this y&eacute;ere
+died Thomas Bourchier archbishop of Canturburie: and Iohn Morton bishop of Elie;
+a man of excellent learning, vertue and policie, succ&eacute;eded in his place, whom Alexander
+pope of Rome, the sixt of that name, created a cardinall, and the king created
+him also chancellor of England. Of which pope (hauing so conuienient a place to
+speake) it were a fault to omit the ambition, accompanied with other disorders vnbes&eacute;eming
+a successor of Peter (but neither personallie nor locallie) as all the brood of
+them brag of themselues, &amp; will be intituled with a primasie, vsurped.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex
+Guic. pag 4, 5.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Creation of
+pope Alexander
+the sixt, otherwise
+called
+Roderike Borgia
+borne at Venice.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Corruption of
+Cardinals in the
+election of the
+pope.</div>
+
+<p>&para; This Alexander the sixt pope of that name, was sometime an ancient cardinall,
+and one of the greatest in all the court of Rome. One meanes that raised him to the
+seat of the pope, was the difference betw&eacute;ene the cardinals Ascanius Sforce, and
+Iulian S. Petri ad Vincula: but the chiefest thing that accomplished his election, was,
+that with a new example for that time, he bought by the consent and knowledge of
+euerie one, partlie for monie, and partlie with promises of offices and great dignities,
+manie voices of the cardinals, who reiecting the instruction of the gospell, were not
+ashamed to passe to him by sale, an authoritie and power to make merchandize of the
+holie tresures, &amp; that with the name of the celestiall authoritie in the most high part
+of the temple.</p>
+
+<p>To which abhominable &amp; too prophane negotiation manie of them were induced
+by the cardinall Ascanius, but that was not more with persuasions and sutes, than
+with his example: for that being corrupted with the infinit desire of riches, he made the
+pope promise him for his hire and recompense of so great wickednesse, the office of
+vicechancellorship (the principallest place in the court of Rome) togither with benefices,
+castels, and his palace of Rome full of mooueables of great valour. But the
+pope for all this could not auoid; neither for the time to come, the iudgment and
+iuistice of God; nor for the present, the infamie and iust hate of men, in whom for this
+election was no small impressions of astonishment and horror, not onelie for that it
+was intangled with meanes dishonest, but also bicause the natures and conditions of
+the man chosen, were (for the greatest part) knowen to manie.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_489" id="Page_489">[Pg 489]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Pope Alexander
+the sixt corrupted
+with manie
+vices.</div>
+
+<p>Manie sentences and coniectures were made of his successe. And amongst other,
+Ferdinand king of Naples, dissembling openlie the griefe he had of that election,
+signified to the qu&eacute;ene his wife with teares (which he was woont to forbeare euen in
+the death of his children) that there was created a pope who wold be most hurtfull to
+Italie, and the whole common weale of Christendome. A iudgement not vnworthie
+of the wisedome of such a prince: for that in Alexander the sixt (for so would this
+new pope be called) was a subtiltie, sharpenesse, and expedition of wit most singular,
+a counsell excellent, a woonderfull efficacie in persuasion, and in all great affaires a
+iudgement and care incredible. But these vertues were maruellouslie defaced by his
+vices, for touching his maners and customes, they were verie dishonest, in his administrations
+he expressed little sinceritie, in his countenance no shame, in his words
+small truth, in his heart little faith, and in his opinion lesse religion. Of the contrarie
+all his actions were defiled with an insatiable couetousnesse, and immoderate ambition,
+a barbarous crueltie, and a burning desire to raise and make great (by what meanes
+soeuer) his children, who were manie in number; and amongst others, one no lesse
+detestable than the father, to whose cursed counsels he became a wicked instrument.
+Thus much (by waie of digression) of Alexander, a pope (as you heare) well qualified,
+and therefore forward enough to creat cardinals both in England and elsewhere of like
+disposition. But to returne to the storie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Thanks giuen to
+God after victorie.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Execution vpon
+the offendors.</div>
+
+<p>After that the king had got the vpper hand of his enimies, he remooued to Lincolne,
+and there taried thr&eacute;e dais, causing euerie of the same daies solemne processions to
+be made in rendering thanks to God for his fortunate victorie. Then caused he execution
+to be done, of such rebels &amp; traitors as were taken in the field, either at the
+battell, or in the chase. And shortlie after he went into Yorkeshire, &amp; there coasted
+the countrie ouerthwart, searching out such as had aided his enimies and were thought
+to be seditious persons, whome he punished, some by imprisonment, some by fines,
+and some by death: according to the qualitie of their offenses, and as was thought
+most expedient [not by extremitie of rigor inclining to tyrannie, but by due moderation
+of iustice tempering execution with clemencie; according to the good rule of
+iustice prescribed by the wise man, saieng:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Sobria commissum plectat elementia crimen,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Parua negat p&oelig;nam culpa subire grauem.]<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Gu. Fla. in eccle.
+cap. 10.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 3</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Fox bishop of
+Excester sent
+ambassador into
+Scotland.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A truce with
+Scotland for
+seuen yeares.</div>
+
+<p>About the middest of August entering into the third yere of his reigne, he came to
+Newcastell vpon Tine, and from thence sent in ambassage into Scotland Richard Fox,
+latelie before made bishop of Excester, and with him Richard Edgecombe knight,
+controller of his house, to conclude some peace or truce with king Iames of Scotland.
+The English ambassadors were honorablie receiued, and louinglie interteined of the
+said king, who gladlie would haue concluded a perpetuall peace with the king of England,
+if he might haue bene licenced so to haue doone: but his people being stedfast
+in their old accustomed vsage, would not agr&eacute;e to anie peace, but yet were contented
+to gratifie their king that he should take truce with England for the tearme of
+seuen yeares, which was concluded.</p>
+
+<p>Then was secret promise made by king Iames, that he would not onlie obserue
+peace, &amp; continue in perfect amitie with the king of England during his life, but also
+would renew againe this truce new taken for other seuen y&eacute;ers, before the first seuen
+y&eacute;ers were fullie expired. The king of Scots ind&eacute;ed was as desirous of the king of
+Englands friendship, as the king of England was of his: bicause that his subiects
+bare him much euill will, misliking with all things that either he could doo or saie.
+[So that his regiment was no longer liked, than they were in a good mood, which
+was when they were well minded; and that was neuer: for that if by gentlenesse he
+allured them, they est&eacute;emed him a flatterer; if by seueritie, a tyrant. And therefore
+it stood him vpon to strengthen himselfe against such a people, of whose pleasure &amp;
+displeasure depended his estate.]</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">King Henrie
+returneth out of
+the north countrie.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The French
+kings request
+for aid against
+Fr&#257;ncis duke of
+Britaine.</div>
+
+<p>K. Henrie after the returne of his ambassadors out of Scotland, came from Newcastell
+to Yorke, and so toward London, and in the way being at Leicester, there
+came to him ambassadors from Charles the French king, which declared both the
+recouerie of certeine townes out of the hands of Maximilian king of Romans, which
+he had wrongfullie deteined from the crowne of France before that time; and also
+that their maister king Charles had now wars in hand against Francis duke of Britaine,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_490" id="Page_490">[Pg 490]</a></span>
+bicause that he succoured and mainteined diuers noble men, as the duke of Orleance
+and others, that were rebels and traitors, against him and the realme of France.
+Wherefore his request was, that for the old familiaritie that had bene betwixt them,
+he would either assist and helpe him, or else stand neuter betwixt them, neither helping
+nor yet hurting the one nor the other.</p>
+
+<p>Vpon good and deliberate aduise taken in this matter, bicause it was iudged weightie,
+the king for answer told the French ambassadors, that he would neither spare
+paine nor cost, to set some reasonable staie betwixt their souereigne lord king Charles,
+and the duke of Britaine: so that a finall end and some perfect conclusion of friendship
+might be had betwixt them. And so as soone as the French ambassadors were
+returned home, the king sent his chapleine Christopher Urswike ouer into France to
+king Charles, as well to shew that he was glad of the victorie which he had against
+Maximilian; as to declare what a tempestuous storme of ciuill rebellion himselfe had
+escaped &amp; ouercome h&eacute;ere in England.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">King Henries
+offer to make an
+attonement
+betwixt the
+French king
+and the duke.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Christopher
+Urswike.</div>
+
+<p>But the chiefest point of Urswikes errand consisted in this, that he should intimate
+to the French king, how his maister king Henrie offered himselfe as a mediator betwixt
+him and the duke of Britaine, to make them friends: and if he perceiued that the
+French king gaue eare herevnto, then should he go into Britaine, to mooue the duke
+there to be contented, that some reasonable order might be taken for a quietnesse to
+be had betwixt the French king and him. Whilest Urswike was trauelling in this
+matter (according to his commission) the king came backe againe to London, where
+he was receiued of the citizens with great ioy and triumph, they being heartlie glad
+and greatlie reioising that he with such good successe had subdued his enimies.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The marques
+Dorset deliuered
+out of the Tower.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The kings loue
+to his wife
+qu&eacute;ene Elizabeth.</div>
+
+<p>Shortlie after, he deliuered the lord Thomas marques Dorset out of the Tower,
+receiuing him againe to his former fauor and old familiaritie: bicause his truth and
+loialtie by diuerse assaies and sundrie arguments had b&eacute;ene throughlie tried, and
+sufficientlie prooued. In which meane time, the king for the great loue that he bare
+to his wife qu&eacute;ene Elizabeth, caused hir to be crowned and anointed qu&eacute;ene on saint
+Katharins day in Nouember, with all solemnitie, as in such cases apperteineth. In the
+meane season Christopher Urswike (according to his commission) trauelled betw&eacute;ene
+the French king and the duke of Britaine in the king of Englands Name to make
+them friends. But although the French king s&eacute;emed willing enough to haue peace,
+yet meant he nothing lesse. For he had as manie subtilties in his heart, as there be
+faces in the world, according to the poet.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Pectoribus fraudes tot sunt quot in orbe figur&aelig;.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The duke of
+Orleance partaker
+with the
+duke of Britaine.</div>
+
+<p>For whilest he went about with faire words, courteous letters, and sw&eacute;et promises to
+beare the king of England in hand to labour a peace betwixt him and the Britains, he
+inforced his whole puissance to subdue them, and besieged the citie of Nants. And on
+the other part, the duke of Orleance being withdrawne to the duke of Britaine, and
+one that ruled most about him, had no liking to heare of peace, but did what he
+could to hinder it. The English ambassador Christopher Urswike (hauing thus passed
+from the French king to the duke of Britaine, and backe againe to the French
+king) returned shortlie after into England, and shewed vnto king Henrie what he had
+doone betwixt them.</p>
+
+<p>Immediatlie after came to the French king the lord Bernard Daubeneie a Scot borne,
+which on the French kings behalfe required K. Henrie to make some maner of end of
+those Brittish warres, whatsoeuer it were. King Henrie being desirous of the same,
+sent ouer againe into France, Iohn the abbat of Abingdon, sir Richard Edgecombe
+knight, and the forenamed Christopher Urswike, with full and perfect commission &amp;
+long instructions how to proc&eacute;ed, in driuing of some agr&eacute;ement betwixt the Frenchmen
+and the Britons. These orators (according as they had in commandement) first
+went vnto the French king, and after they had communed with him, sir Richard<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_491" id="Page_491">[Pg 491]</a></span>
+Edgecombe, and Christopher Urswike departed streight to the duke of Britaine, in
+full hope to conclude a peace, vpon such offers and articles as they had to propose
+vnto him.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1488.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Edward lord
+Wooduile aideth
+the duke of
+Britaine without
+the kings c&#333;nsent.</div>
+
+<p>But all their hope was vaine, for the duke refused to agr&eacute;e vpon anie such articles
+and conditions as they offered; and so without concluding anie thing with the duke,
+they returned backe into France; and from thence signified to the king of England
+by letters all that they knew, or had doone. But in the meane time, Edward lord Wooduile,
+vncle to the qu&eacute;ene, sued to king Henrie that he might haue a power of men appointed
+to him, with the which he would steale priuilie ouer without licence or passeport,
+so that euerie man should thinke that he was fled the realme, without knowledge of
+the king, for that no warre should arise by his meanes betwixt the realmes of France
+and England, and yet should the duke of Britaine be aided against the power of the
+Frenchmen, which sought to vanquish him, that they might ioine his countrie vnto
+the dominion of France: which in no wise ought to be suffered, considering what
+annoiance &amp; hurt the same might bring to the realme of England in time to come.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Lord Wooduile
+gathereth a
+power in the
+Ile of wight.</div>
+
+<p>Although this request was vtterlie denied, and that the lord Wooduile was streightlie
+commanded by the king to make no such attempt; yet could not all that staie him,
+but that withdrawing him into the Ile of Wight, whereof he was made ruler and
+capteine, he there gathered togither a crue of tall &amp; hardie personages, to the number
+of 400, &amp; with prosperous wind &amp; weather arriued in Britaine, and ioined himselfe
+with the Britons against the Frenchmen. The French king aduertised herof, was not
+well plesed in his mind towards the king of England; till K. Henrie by new messengers
+informed him how guiltlesse he was in the matter, and that by plaine and euident
+proofes. With the which excuse the French king s&eacute;emed to be the better pacified,
+and was content to dissemble the matter.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The league
+renewed betw&eacute;ene
+England
+and France.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The king calleth
+a parlement.</div>
+
+<p>Then the English ambassadors, renewing the league and amitie betwixt king Henrie
+&amp; the French king, for the space of twelue moneths, they returned into England, and
+shewed the king all things that they had either heard or s&eacute;ene; so that he perceiued
+that the French king dealt craftilie in this matter of Britaine, still motioning peace
+when he meant nothing else but warre. He therefore called his high court of parlement,
+in the which it was not onelie determined that the duke of Britaine should be
+aided with a power of men against the wrongfull inuasions of the Frenchmen, but
+also there were diuerse summes of monie granted to the furnishing foorth and maintenance
+of the same. And immediatlie herevpon, the king sent his ambassadors into
+France to certifie the French king what the estates assembled in parlement here in
+England had decr&eacute;ed.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A peremptorie
+ambassage out
+of England into
+France.</div>
+
+<p>Wherefore he required him either to surceasse the warres which he had in hand against
+the Britons, or else not to be gr&eacute;eued though he condescended to the iudgement and determination
+of the lords both spirituall and temporall, and commons of his realme, in
+taking vpon him the defense of the duke of Britaine; promising neuerthelesse that
+the English armie should onelie take land within the duchie of Britaine, and s&eacute;eke to
+defend the same against all those that did inuade it, and not to make anie warre within
+the French dominions. This message was nothing regarded of the French king,
+in so much that the French armie proc&eacute;eded in oppressing the Britons, destroieng the
+countrie, and besieging townes.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The battell of
+saint Aulbin in
+Britaine, betw&eacute;ene
+the duke
+of Britaine and
+the French
+king.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_492" id="Page_492">[Pg 492]</a></span></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Lord Wooduile
+slaine.</div>
+
+<p>At length on the seuen and twentith, or (as the chronicles of Aniou haue) the
+eight and twentith daie of Iulie, the duke of Britains armie gaue battell to the
+French host n&eacute;ere to a towne called saint Aulbin, hauing apparelled a thousand
+and seuen hundred of the Britons in coates with red crosses, after the English fashion,
+to make the Frenchmen bel&eacute;eue that they had a great number of Englishmen, although
+they had but foure hundred onelie with the lord Wooduile. The victorie in
+this battell fell to the Frenchmen, so that almost all the Englishmen were slaine with
+the lord Wooduile, beside six thousand Britons. The duke of Orleance and the
+prince of Orainge were taken prisoners, which were there on the Britons part. The
+Frenchmen lost twelue hundred men, and amongst other, that valiant Italian capteine
+Iames Galeot.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">King Henrie
+sendeth foorth
+his armie against
+the French.</div>
+
+<p>These newes being brought into England, caused king Henrie to make hast in
+sending foorth his armie, and therefore was the lord Brooke, with sir Iohn Cheinie, sir
+Iohn Middleton, sir Rafe Hilton, sir Richard Corbet, sir Thomas Leighton, sir
+Richard Laton, and sir Edmund Cornewall sent ouer into Britaine with all conuenient
+sp&eacute;ed, hauing with them an eight thousand men, well armed and furnished in warlike
+wise, to aid the duke of Britaine against the Frenchmen. These lustie capteins
+being arriued in Britaine, after they had a little refreshed them, marched forward,
+and comming n&eacute;ere to their enimies, pitched downe their field, not farre from the
+Frenchmens campe.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">When the
+French be inuincible.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Francis duke of
+Britaine dieth.</div>
+
+<p>The Frenchmen by experience knowing the Englishmen (so long as they be fresh
+and lustie) in maner to be inuincible, thought not good to match with them in open
+battell, till they were somewhat wearied lieng and lingering abroad in the field.
+And therefore at the first they sought to wearie them with light skirmishes, appointing
+their horssemen to giue them alarmes, &amp; some skirmishes; in the which the
+Frenchmen, by reason of the English archers (which galled both men and horsses)
+were euer put to the worsse. But behold the mutabilitie of worldlie chances! Whiles
+this warre was thus set forward, Francis duke of Britaine departed this life, &amp; then
+the ch&eacute;efe rulers of Britaine, falling at dissention among themselues, tendered not the
+defense of their countrie, but rather minded the destruction thereof.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The duchie of
+Britaine incorporated
+to the
+realme of
+France.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Iohn Stow.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The birth of
+prince Arthur.</div>
+
+<p>Herevpon the Englishmen, perceiuing in what danger they were, and considering
+that it was in the middest of winter, a time not m&eacute;et for men of warre to lie in the
+cold and frostie fields, they returned into England, within fiue monethes after their
+first setting foorth. So that finallie the French king got the vpper hand of the Britons,
+and did incorporate that duchie to his realme and crowne of France, as in the historie
+of France it may app&eacute;ere at large. &para; In Iuly this y&eacute;ere was a prest leuied for the
+king in the citie of London, of foure thousand pounds, which was repaied the yeare
+next following. In September, the qu&eacute;ene was deliuered at Winchester of her first
+sonne, named prince Arthur; and the fiue and twentith of Nouember (next insuing)
+she was crowned at Westminster with all due solemnitie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 4.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The collectors
+of the subsidie
+complaine to
+the earle of Northumberland
+that they cannot
+get in the
+tax monie.</div>
+
+<p>Y&eacute;e haue heard, how there was in the last parlement monie granted for the furnishing
+foorth of the armie into Britaine; that is to wit, it was agr&eacute;ed, that euerie man
+should be taxed after the rate of his substance, to paie the tenth penie of his goods.
+Which monie the most part of them that dwelled in the bishoprike of Durham, and
+in the parties of Yorkeshire refused vtterlie to paie: either for that they thought
+themselues ouercharged with the same; or were procured to shew themselues disobedient,
+thorough the euill counsell of some seditious persons, which conspired against
+the king, to put him to new trouble. Therefore such as were appointed collectors,
+after that they could not get the monie, according to their extract deliuered to them
+by the commissioners, they made their complaint priuilie to Henrie the fourth earle of
+Northumberland, chiefe ruler of the North parts.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1489.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The earle of
+Northumberland
+murthered
+by the northerne
+rebels at the instigation
+and
+setting on of
+Iohn a Chamber.</div>
+
+<p>The earle foorthwith signified to the king all that matter, and the king not willing
+to pardon them of anie one penie (least the example might doo hurt by incouraging
+others to shew the like stubbornes in other parts of the realme) c&#333;manded the earle
+either by distresse or otherwise, to leuie the monie as he should thinke most m&eacute;et.
+The rude and beastlie people hearing of this answer from the king, by and by with great
+violence set vpon the earle by the exciting of a simple fellow named Iohn a Chamber,
+whome the erle with faire words sought to appease. But they like vnreasonable villaines,
+alledging all the fault to be in him, as chiefe author of the tax, furiouslie and
+cruellie murthered both him and diuerse of his houshold seruants. Diuerse affirme<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_493" id="Page_493">[Pg 493]</a></span>
+that the Northerne men bare against this earle continuall grudge euer since the death
+of king Richard, whom they entirelie fauoured.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A rebellion in
+the north for a
+tax granted by
+parlement.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Sir Iohn Egremond
+capteine rebell.</div>
+
+<p>Although this offense was great and heinous; yet there succ&eacute;eded a more mischiefe:
+for incontinentlie (to cloke this presumptuous murther) the Northerne men got them
+to armour, and assembling togither, chose them a capteine, no lesse seditious than
+desirous of trouble, called sir Iohn Egremond knight; and passing by the countries,
+they published and declared that they would bid the king battell onlie in defense of
+their liberties &amp; common fr&eacute;edome, of the which he went about to b&eacute;ereaue them.
+But when the matter should come to be tried with blowes, their harts so fainted that
+they scattered awaie, euerie man s&eacute;eking to saue himselfe by flight: but that little
+auailed them.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Thomas erle of
+Surrie sent with
+a power against
+the north rebels.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Iohn a Ch&#257;mber
+hanged like an
+archtraitor.</div>
+
+<p>For the king hearing of this businesse, sent foorth Thomas earle of Surreie (whome
+not long before he had deliuered out of the Tower, and receiued to his speciall fauour)
+with a crue of men, to chastise those rebels of the north parts, who skirmished with
+a certeine companie of them, and them discomfited, and took aliue Iohn a Chamber,
+the first beginner of this rebellion. The king himselfe road after into Yorkeshire, of
+whose comming the sturdie rebels were so abashed and afraid, that they fled more and
+lesse; which afterward were apprehended, and punished according to their demerits.
+Yet the king of his clemencie pardoned the innocent people, and executed the chiefe
+procurers. For Iohn a Chamber was hanged at Yorke on a gibbet set vpon a square
+paire of gallowes like an archtraitor, and his complices and lewd disciples were
+hanged on the lower gallowes round about their maister, to the terrible example of
+other.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Sir Iohn Egremond
+flieth into
+Flanders.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The king boroweth
+a gret
+summe of monie
+of the ch&#257;mber of
+Lond&#333;n.</div>
+
+<p>But sir Iohn Egremond fled into Flanders to the ladie Margaret duchesse of Burgognie,
+that euer enuied the prosperitie of king Henrie. After this the king returned
+to London, leauing the earle of Surreie to rule the north parts, and appointed sir
+Richard Tunstall, a man of great wit and policie, to gather the subsidie to him due
+of the people. This yeare the king borrowed of euerie alderman of London two hundred
+pounds, and of the Chamber nine thousand eightie two pounds seuent&eacute;ene shillings
+foure pence; which he repaied againe to the vttermost, with great equitie and
+thankefulnes. [A vertue verie laudable in this good king, and so much the more noteworthie
+as it is rare; speciallie in mightie men and great estates of the world, that
+count what soeuer they can catch their owne, as though the pursses of their people
+were theirs to possesse at pleasure &amp; vse at lust, without conscience or care of restitution.
+Which foule fault Ecclesiasticus noteth (affirming that all is lost that is lent
+them) in expresse words, saieng:</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Gu. Ha. in Eccle. cap. 8.</i></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Reddere magnates nolunt, qu&aelig; mutua sumunt,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Mutua qu&aelig; trades interiisse scias.]<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A rebellion in
+Flanders.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Maximilian
+king of Romans
+imprisoned at
+Bruges by the
+townesmen.</div>
+
+<p>In this season, the emperour Frederike made warre against the Flemings, namelie
+against Bruges and certeine townes of Flanders, which had rebelled against his sonne
+Maximilian king of Romans, their liege and souereigne lord; in so much that they of
+Bruges had not onelie slaine his officers but imprisoned him within their towne, till
+they had caused him to pardon all their offenses, and also to sweare neuer to remember,
+nor reuenge the same in time to come. But his father Frederike the emperour
+could not suffer such a reproch &amp; dishonour doone to his sonne (whose fame &amp; princelie
+estate as he tendered and had in gelosie; so was it his hart gr&eacute;efe and immoderat vexation
+that he should be abused of open contemners, in such villanous sort as tended
+highlie to the indignitie of his person, and the aggrauating of their offense and punishment)
+to passe vnreuenged, &amp; therefore scourged the countrie of Flanders with
+sharpe and cruell warre.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The lord Cordes
+maketh aduantage
+of occasion.</div>
+
+<p>The lord of Rauenstein being driuen to take the same oth, that his master Maximilian
+tooke at Bruges, to shew that the warre was not begun with his assent, forsooke
+Maximilian his lord, and tooke the townes of Ipre and Sluis, with both the castels of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_494" id="Page_494">[Pg 494]</a></span>
+same hauen, and further did not onelie stir the Cantois, Brugeans, and other towns of
+Flanders, to rebell against their souereigne lord; but also sent to the French kings lieutenant
+in Picardie, the lord Cordes, to aid him to conquer such townes of Flanders, as
+were not of his opinion. The lord Cordes, otherwise called monsieur de Querdes,
+was glad to haue so good occasion to set foot in Flanders, as he that had sufficient instructions
+of his maister the French king, vpon anie such offred occasion so to doo,
+sent foorthwith to the aid of the Flemings eight thousand Frenchmen, commanding
+them to conquer such townes, as were in the waie betwixt France and Bruges.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">King Henrie
+sendeth the lord
+Daubeneie and
+the lord Morleie
+against the
+French.</div>
+
+<p>The capteins, according to his deuise, besieged a little walled towne called Dixmew,
+to whome came foure thousand Flemings with vittels and artillerie, sent from the lord
+of Rauenstein. They laid siege on the north side of the towne, in a marish ground
+then being drie, and so d&eacute;epelie ditched and rampired their campe about (on which
+rampire they laid their ordinance) that it was in maner impossible to enter their
+campe, or doo them anie displeasure or damage. The K. of England was dailie aduertised
+of these dooings, which nothing lesse desired than to haue the English pale
+inuironed with French fortresses. Wherefore to preuent that mischiefe in time, with
+all expedition he sent ouer to the lord Daubeneie, then his deputie of Calis, the lord
+Morleie, with a crue of valiant archers &amp; souldiers, to the number of a thousand men,
+with priuie instructions what they should doo.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Sir Humfrie
+Talbot with his
+six score archers.</div>
+
+<p>At their comming ouer it was bruted abroad, that they were sent onelie to defend
+the English pale, against all attempts that might vpon the sudden in anie wise be
+made by the Frenchmen, or Flemings: but their enterprise was all otherwise. For
+on a tuesday at the shutting of the gates at night, the lord Daubeneie chiefeteine of
+the armie, the lord Morleie, sir Iames Tirrell capteine of Guisnes, sir Henrie Willoughbie,
+sir Gilbert Talbot, and sir Humfreie Talbot marshall of Calis, with diuerse
+other knights, and esquiers, and other of the garisons of Hammes, Guisnes, and
+Calis, to the number of two thousand men or thereabouts, issued priuilie out of
+Calis, &amp; passed the water of Graueling in the morning betimes; and left there for a
+stale, and to k&eacute;epe the passage, sir Humfreie Talbot, with six score archers, and came
+to Newport, where they found the souereigne of Flanders with six hundred Almains,
+and there they staied that night.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The good service
+of a wretch
+that should haue
+b&eacute;ene hanged.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A policie.</div>
+
+<p>On the next daie they went toward Dixmew, and by the guiding of a prisoner,
+that should haue b&eacute;ene hanged on the next morning, they issued out of the south
+gate of the towne of Dixmew, and were conueied by their said guide by an high
+banke set with willowes; so that the Cantois could not well espie them, and so secretlie
+gat to the end of their enimies campe, and there paused. The lord Daubeneie
+commanded all men to send their horsses and wagons backe, but the lord Morleie said
+he would ride till he came to hand strokes. Thus they marched foorth till they came
+to a low banke, and no d&eacute;epe ditch, where the ordinance laie; and there the archers
+shot altogither, euerie man an arrow, and so fell prostrate to the ground. The enimies
+herewith discharged their ordinance, and ouershot them.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The lord
+Morleie slaine.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The number of
+the slaine on
+both parts.</div>
+
+<p>The Almains lept ouer the ditch with their morice pikes. The Englishmen in the
+fore-front waded the ditch, and were holpen vp by the Almains, and set on their enimies,
+and tooke manie prisoners. The other Englishmen hasted by the causie to enter
+in at the north gate of the campe, where the lord Morleie being on horssebacke in a
+rich coate, was slaine with a gun. When his death was knowen, euerie man killed
+his prisoner, and slue all such as did withstand them, to the number of eight thousand
+men; in so much that of two thousand that came out of Bruges (as the Flemish
+chronicle reporteth) there came not home one hundred. On the English part was
+slaine the lord Morleie, and not an hundred more.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_495" id="Page_495">[Pg 495]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The English
+souldiers inriched.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Newport besieged
+by the
+Frenchmen.</div>
+
+<p>The Englishmen tooke their ordinance and sent it to Newport, with all the spoile
+and great horsses. And by the waie hearing certeine Frenchmen to be at Ostend,
+they made thitherward: but the Frenchmen fled, and so they burned part of the
+towne, and came againe to Newport, where the lord Daubeneie left all the Englishmen
+that were hurt and returned to Calis, where he buried the bodie of the lord Morleie.
+The Englishmen got great riches at this field, for they that went foorth in
+cloth, came home in silke, and those that went out on foot, came home on great
+horsses. The lord Cordes being at Ipre with twentie thousand men, was sore displeased
+with this ouerthrow; &amp; therefore thinking to be reuenged, besieged the
+towne of Newport right stronglie, and shot dailie at the wals, breaking them in
+manie places.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">English archers.</div>
+
+<p>But the Englishmen that were hurt at Dixmew field before, and might either stand
+or draw bowe, neuer came from the wals. On a daie the Frenchmen gaue a great
+assault to a tower, and perforce entered it, and set vp the banner of the lord Cordes.
+But s&eacute;e the chance! During the time of the assault, there arriued a barke with foure
+score fresh, English archers, which came streight to the tower, and did so much, that
+what with the helpe of such as before were wounded and hurtmen, and of the couragious
+harts of the new come archers incouraged greatlie by the women of the towne,
+crieng; Shoot Englishmen, shoot: the tower was regained out of the Frenchmens
+hands, and the banner of the lord Cordes rent in p&eacute;eces, and in place thereof the
+penon of saint George set vp. Then the Frenchmen, supposing a great aid of Englishmen
+to haue b&eacute;ene come to the towne by sea, left the assault.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The malicious
+and foolish words
+of the lord Cordes.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Iames king of
+Scots slaine by
+his owne subiects.</div>
+
+<p>And the night following, the enuious lord Cordes (which so sore longed for Calis,
+that he would commonlie saie that he could be content to lie seuen yeares in hell, so
+that Calis were in possession of the Frenchmen) brake vp his siege, and returned to
+Helding with shame. And the Englishmen glad of this victorie returned to Calis.
+This yeare Iames the third of that name king of Scots was slaine by his owne
+subiects, after they had vanquished him in a pight field. About the same time one
+Adrian an Italian was sent in ambassage from pope Innocent the eight into Scotland,
+to haue taken vp the variance betwixt the king there and his people. But being arriued
+here in England, he was informed that king Iames was slaine, and therfore
+taried here certeine moneths.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Adrian an Italian
+made bishop
+in Hereford,
+and after of Bath
+and Welles.</div>
+
+<p>And for that he was a man of excellent learning, vertue, and humanitie, the archbishop
+of Canturburie Iohn Morton so commended him to the king, that he made him
+first bishop of Hereford, and shortlie after, that resigned and giuen ouer, he promoted
+him to the bishoprike of Bath and Welles. And after that with these honors he was
+returned to Rome, he was aduanced by all the degr&eacute;es of spirituall dignities into the
+college of the cardinals. And worthie sure he was of great preferment, for by his
+meanes, learned men were mooued to s&eacute;eke out the vse of eloquent writing and speaking
+in the Latine toong, he being the first in the time of our fathers that taught the
+trade to choose and vse apt words and fit termes.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1490.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 6.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Ambassadors
+from the Fr&#275;ch
+king to the king
+of England.</div>
+
+<p>In the sixt yeare of king Henries reigne there came ambassadors to him from the
+French king the lord Francis of Lutzenburgh, Charles Marignane, and Robert
+Gaguine minister of the Bonnehommes of the trinitie. The effect of their comming was
+to haue concluded a peace with king Henrie, and that with good will the French king
+might dispose of the mariage of the yoong duchesse of Britaine, as he should thinke
+good; and to make void the contract and former mariage, which by proxie the deputie
+of Maximilian king of Romans had before time contracted &amp; made with hir. But
+thereto would not king Henrie gaue his consent, euer harping on this string, that the
+maiden being once lawfullie combined in matrimonie with Maximilian, ought not to
+be compelled against hir will and promise (yea and contrarie to all law, right and
+equitie) to take anie other person than him to hir spouse and husband.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">K. Henrie is
+loth that the
+French king
+should marrie
+the duchess of
+Britaine.</div>
+
+<p>In d&eacute;ed king Henrie was loth that the French king should marrie the duchesse of
+Britaine himselfe (as he perceiued his meaning was) and so ioine the duchie of Britaine<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_496" id="Page_496">[Pg 496]</a></span>
+to the crowne of France: and therefore he did what he could to hinder that
+bargaine. Yet at length it was agr&eacute;ed that a forme of a league should be drawen
+with conditions, clauses, and couenants. And for full concluding of the same, it was
+thought expedient, that the king of England should send ambassadors to the French
+king to finish all matters betwixt them. Wherevpon the French ambassadors being
+dismissed with great rewards, streightwaies Thomas erle of Ormond, and Thomas Goldenston
+prior of Christes church in Canturburie, were appointed by the king to follow
+them into France, instructed fullie in althings that he would haue on his behalfe either
+moued or determined.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Lionell bishop
+of Concordia
+sent from the
+pope to the
+French king.</div>
+
+<p>In this meane space, Lionell the bishop of Concordia was sent as oratour from pope
+Alexander the sixt to the French king for certeine matters: and amongst other things,
+he had in charge to conclude a peace and vnitie betwixt the French king and the king
+of England. He moouing this matter to the French king, found him nothing strange
+to incline to his motion. Wherevpon the bishop of Concordia conceiuing good hope,
+and therewith desirous (as became him best bearing that title) to set an attonement
+betwixt those two kings, tooke his iournie towards England, to the intent he might
+mooue king Henrie to be agr&eacute;eable therevnto, and so comming to Calis, found the
+English ambassadors there, being so farre on their waie towards the French king; and
+being honorablie receiued of them into that towne, after they had communed togither,
+the bishop tooke the sea, and was transported ouer into England, and the ambassadors
+departed towards the French king.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The duchesse
+of Britaine
+maried to K.
+Charles.</div>
+
+<p>After the bishop of Concordia had talked with king Henrie, and perceiued that
+(vpon reasonable conditions) he could be content to conclude a peace with all christian
+princes, and to liue in rest after so manie troubles afore time susteined, the said bishop
+returned backe into France to sollicit this purpose to some perfect conclusion. But
+the Frenchmen so handled the matter, that whilest they outwardlie shewed how they
+desired nothing but fr&eacute;endship and amitie, they allured the yoong dutchesse of Britaine
+to submit hirselfe wholie to their discretion, so that shortlie after she was maried
+to king Charles. Now the English ambassadors, after they perceiued which waie the
+wind would blow, returned againe to their countrie, and nothing doone or agr&eacute;ed
+vpon in their matter.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A parlement
+wherin king
+Henrie openeth
+the iust cause of
+making warres
+against France.</div>
+
+<p>King Henrie sore troubled in his mind therwith, determining no more with peaceable
+messages, but with open warre to determine all controuersies betwixt him and the
+French king, called his high court of parlement, and there declared the cause why
+h&eacute;e was iustlie prouoked to make warre against the Frenchmen: and therefore desired
+them of their beneuolent aid of men and monie toward the maintenance therof.
+The cause was so iust, that euerie man allowed it; and to the setting foorth of the
+war taken in hand for so necessarie an occasion, euerie man promised his helping
+hand. The king commended them for their true and faithfull hearts. And to the intent
+that he might spare the poorer sort of the commons (whome he euer desired to
+k&eacute;epe in fauor) he thought good first to exact monie of the richest sort by waie of a
+beneuolence.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Who first deuised
+the execution of
+monie called a
+beneuolence.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">S&eacute;e pag. 331.</div>
+
+<p>Which kind of leuieng monie was first deuised by king Edward the fourth, as it
+appeareth before in his historie. King Henrie following the like example, published
+abroad, that by their open gifts he would measure and search their beneuolent hearts
+and good minds toward him; so that he that gaue most, should be iudged to be his
+most louing fr&eacute;end; and he that gaue little, to be est&eacute;emed according to his gift. By
+this it appeareth, that whatsoeuer is practised for the princes profit, and brought to a
+president by matter of record, maie be turned to the great preiudice of the people,
+if rulers in authoritie will so adiudge and determine it. But by this means king Henrie
+got innumerable great summes of monie, with some grudge of the people, for the
+extremitie shewed by the commissioners in diuers places.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_497" id="Page_497">[Pg 497]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1491.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Albert the duke
+of Saxonies
+policie to get
+the towne of
+Dam.</div>
+
+<p>Ye haue heard before, how the lord of Rauenstein, by the aid of Bruges &amp; Gant,
+had taken the towne and two castels of Sluis, which he kept against his souereigne
+lord Maximilian, and getting into the hauen certeine ships and barks, robbed, spoiled,
+&amp; tooke prisoners the ships and vessels of all nations that passed alongest by that coast,
+towards the mart at Antwerpe, or into anie part of Brabant, Zeland, or Friseland, and
+was euer sufficientlie vittelled out of France and Picardie. There was a little towne
+also two miles from Bruges towards the sea, called Dam, which was a bulworke to
+Bruges, and an hedspring to Sluis. The king of Romans had attempted the wining of
+this towne diuerse times, but missed his purpose; till at length Albert duke of Saxonie,
+a great fr&eacute;end to the king of Romans, by policie found meanes to get it.</p>
+
+<p>This duke feining himselfe as a neuter betwixt the king of Romans, and the rebels
+of Flanders, required of the lords of Bruges, that he might enter peaceablie into their
+towne according to his estate, with a certeine number of men of armes, to communicate
+with them diuerse matters of great weight, and sent before his cariages and herbengers
+to make prouision. They of Bruges were in no doubt of him, so that his men
+of warre entered into the citie in good order, and he followed. They that went before,
+inquired for innes and lodgings, as though they would haue rested there all the night,
+and so went foorth still in order asking after lodgings, till they came at the gate that
+leadeth directlie toward Dam, distant from Bruges a Flemish mile, which is called the
+bulworke of Bruges.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The duke of
+Saxonie sendeth
+for aid to king
+Henrie to win
+Sluis.</div>
+
+<p>The capteins and inhabitants of Dam suspecting no harme to come out of Bruges,
+thought their fr&eacute;ends (knowing some danger towards) had sent them aid, and so nothing
+mistrusting those that approched their towne, suffered them to enter, and so was the
+towne of Dam taken by sleight, which could not be woone by open force. This
+chance sore displeased them of Bruges, for now could they haue no recourse to the
+sea; so that they must n&eacute;eds fall into ruine and decaie. The duke of Saxonie thus
+hauing woone the towne of Dam, sent to the king of England, that if it would please
+him to minister anie aid by sea, h&eacute;e would besiege Sluis by land. Wherevpon the
+king of England, vpon due consideration of the dukes motion (as he was wise enough
+in all his enterprises, and no lesse fortunate in the issue of the same) would conclude
+nothing vpon the sudden, but (as he did alwaies) ruled his affaires by good counsell,
+like to the wise man commended in the holie scripture:</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Gu. Ha. in Tob. 4.</i></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Consilio sapiens semper sua facta gubernat.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Sir Edward
+Poinings a valiant
+capteine
+sent into Flanders
+with an
+armie.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">One Vere brother
+to the earle
+of Oxford slaine.</div>
+
+<p>At last he well remembring that Sluis was a rousenest, and a verie den of th&eacute;eues to
+them that trauersed the seas towards the east parts, incontinentlie dispatched sir
+Edward Poinings a right valiant knight and hardie capteine, with twelue ships well
+furnished with bold souldiers and sufficient artillerie. Which sir Edward sailed into
+the hauen, and kept the lord of Rauenstein from starting by sea. The Duke of
+Saxonie besieged one of the castels, lieng in a church ouer against it: and the Englishmen
+assaulted the lesse castell, and issued out of their ships at the ebbe, neuer suffering
+their enimies to rest in quiet one day togither, for the space of twentie daies, and
+euerie day slue some of their aduersaries; and on the English part were slaine one Vere,
+brother to the earle of Oxford, and fiftie more.</p>
+
+<p>The lord of Rauenstein had made a bridge of botes betw&eacute;ene both the castels, to
+passe from the one to the other; which bridge one night the Englishmen did set on
+fire. Then he, perceiuing that he must lose his castels by force, and that the Flemings
+could not aid him, y&eacute;elded the castels to sir Edward Poinings, and the towne to the
+duke of Saxonie, vpon certeine conditions. Sir Edward Poinings kept the castels a
+while, of whom the Almains demanded their wages, bicause the duke had nothing to
+paie. Then these two capteins so handled them of Bruges, that they not onelie submitted
+themselues to their lord Maximilian; but also were contented to paie and dispatch<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_498" id="Page_498">[Pg 498]</a></span>
+the Almains. And so sir Edward Poinings taried there a long space, and at
+length returned to the king before Bullogne.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 866.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex Edw. Hull, in Hen. 7.</i> <i>fo.</i> xxiij. <i>&amp;c.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Granado woone
+from the Turks
+or Saracens.</div>
+
+<p>The sixt day of Aprill this present yeare, the nobles of the realme assembled in the
+cathedrall church of S. Paule in London, where the maior of the same citie, his
+brethren the aldermen, and the craftesmen in their liueries also assembled: to whome
+doctor Morton chancellor made an oration, declaring how the king of Spaine had
+woone the great and rich citie &amp; countrie of Granado from the Turks: for ioy whereof
+Te Deum was soong with great solemnitie. &para; But bicause it is requisite and necessarie
+in this ample volume, to set downe the report of accidents as they are to be found
+at large in our owne English writers: you shall heare for the furtherance of your
+knowledge in this matter concerning Granado, what Ed. Hall hath left noted in his
+chronicle. Which although it conteine diuerse actions of superstition, and popish
+trumperie: yet should it not offend the reader, considering that a people estranged
+from the true knowledge of God and sincere religion put the same in practise, as supposing
+principall holinesse to consist in that blind deuotion.</p>
+
+<p>On the sixt of Aprill (saith he) this y&eacute;ere, the king commanded all the nobilitie of
+his realme to assemble at the cathedrall church of S. Paule in London, where (after
+Te Deum solemnlie soong) the cardinall of Canturburie, standing on the steps before
+the quier doore, declared to the people, how the famous citie of Granado, which
+manie yeares had b&eacute;ene possessed of the Moores or Mauritane nation, being infidels &amp;
+vnchristened people, was now of late besieged a great time by Don Ferdinando and
+Elizabeth his wife, king and qu&eacute;ene of Spaine, Arragon, and Castile. And the said
+infidels, by reason of siege brought to great penurie and miserie, for lacke of vittels &amp;
+necessarie viands, perceiuing that all succours were clerelie stopped and excluded from
+them, and so brought into vtter despaire of aid, or comfort, after long consultation had
+amongst them, determined to render themselues and their citie to the said king vpon
+diuerse couenants and conditions, and therevpon sent to him diuerse senators of the
+citie fullie instructed of their mind and purpose.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The citie of Granado
+conteined
+an hundred and
+fiftie thousand
+houses, besides
+cotages &amp; small
+dwellings.</div>
+
+<p>The king of Spaine and his councell, considering and sagelie pondering that winter
+approched &amp; was at hand, and that the christian host had long lied in the fieldes in
+sore tempests and gr&eacute;euous stormes (which they gladlie suffered for Christes sake, in
+whose cause and quarell they made that present warre) remembring also that the citie
+was of such riches, fame, and estimation, that it conteined an hundred and fiftie thousand
+houses of name, beside other small houses and cotages; &amp; that it was replenished
+with people innumerable, and furnished with thr&eacute;e score and ten thousand good
+fighting men; and finallie, perceiuing that he might inioy now the possession of the
+same, without assault or effusion of christian bloud, by the aduice of his councell, he
+accepted, accorded, and agr&eacute;ed to their offers the twentie and fift of Nouember, in the
+yeare of Christes incarnation 1491, then being the daie of saint Katharine.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Hostages deliuered
+to the K. of
+Spaine for his
+securitie.</div>
+
+<p>By the which composition, the roiall citie of Granado, with all the holds and fortresses
+of the realme, and the towers and castels of Alpussarare was rendered into the
+hands of the said king of Spaine; and that the king of Granado should become subiect
+and vassall to the king of Spaine, and to relinquish and forsake the vsurped
+name of a king foreuer: and that all the men of warre should frankelie depart out of the
+citie, and none there to remaine, but artificers and merchants: and all these things to
+be doone before the fiue and twentith day of Ianuarie. But the time was preuented,
+for the moores on the first day of Ianuarie sent six hundred notable personages out of
+the citie with their children for hostages into the campe of the king of Spaine, to the
+intent that he should put no diffidence nor mistrust in the citizens, but that he might
+peaceablie and quietlie with his people enter into the citie, and take possession of the
+same. The which hostages were distributed and lodged in the tents and pauillions of
+the Spanish armie.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_499" id="Page_499">[Pg 499]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The vanquished
+people humblie
+submit th&#275;selues
+to the kings
+vicegerent, &amp;
+deliuer vp the
+keies of the citie.</div>
+
+<p>The third of Ianuarie, the lord of Guitterins Cardenes, great master &amp; gouernor
+of Lion, of the order of S. Iames, departed from the armie, noblie and triumphantlie
+accompanied with fiue hundred horsmen, and thr&eacute;e thousand footmen toward the citie.
+And as he approched n&eacute;ere to the suburbs, there issued out diuers noble and valiant
+capteins of the Moores, making to him humble obeisance, and conducted him to a
+palace adioining to the citie, called the palace of Anaxaras, and from thence conueied
+him to the palace roiall of the same citie called Alhambra, whereof h&eacute;e tooke quiet
+and peaceable possession, to the behoofe of the king of Spaine, whome the Moores
+promised and confessed to take and obeie as their king and souereigne lord. And in
+signe and token that they thought in their hearts, that which they promised by mouth;
+they prostrated and humbled themselues before the said great master, and with dolorous
+lamentation and salt teares deliuered to him the keies of the said palace.</p>
+
+<p>When he had the keies, and was also possessed of that strong and magnificent
+place, he first of all dispatched the house of all the Moores and pagans, and appointed
+a garrison of valiant and noble christians, to k&eacute;epe and defend the same: and the
+same day caused a masse solemnlie to be celebrate in a place of the same palace called
+Melchita; which done and finished, he tooke possession of all the fortresses, towers,
+and holds to the said citie and towne of Granado belonging or appertaining. And then
+he caused to be erected and set vp on the highest tower of the palace (where it might
+best be s&eacute;ene) the signe and token of the crosse, whereon Christ for vs sinners
+suffered his bitter passion. At the raising whereof were present an archbishop
+and thr&eacute;e bishops, with other prelats, which deuoutlie sang this antheme: O crux,
+aue spes vnica.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The maner of
+the Spanish
+kings giuing of
+thanks for victorie.</div>
+
+<p>The said crosse was thr&eacute;e times deuoutlie lifted, and at euerie exaltation, the Moores
+being within the citie, rored, howled, &amp; cried, prostrating themselues, groueling on
+the ground, &amp; making dolorous noise and pitifull outcries. The armie incamped without
+the citie, s&eacute;eing these things, humbled themselues m&eacute;ekelie before the crosse, rendering
+to almightie God their most humble and heartie thankes. The king of Spaine,
+being mounted on horssebacke, perceiuing the erection of the crosse, descended from
+his genet, and kn&eacute;eled downe on the bare ground; and rendered to God, laud, honour,
+and praise; for that noble and triumphant victorie. And after that the crosse was
+thus set vp on the high tower, the banner of saint Iames, and the kings banners were
+pitched and fixed vpon the turrets and pinacles of the citie: an herald standing in
+the top of the high tower, proclaming and publishing these words following.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The Spaniards
+reiosing &amp; triumphing
+after
+the conquest of
+the Moores.</div>
+
+<p>"Saint Iames, saint Iames, saint Iames; Castile, Castile, Castile; Granado, Granado,
+Granado. By high and mightie power, lord Ferdinando and Elizabeth, king and
+qu&eacute;ene of Spaine, haue woone from the infidels and Moores the citie and realme
+of Granado, through the helpe of our Lord God, &amp; the most glorious virgin his
+mother, and the vertuous apostle S. Iames and the holie father Innocent the eight,
+togither with the aids and succours of the great prelats, knights, and other gentlemen
+borne, and commons of their realmes and countries." When the herald
+had finished, the artillerie sounded, the minstrels blew, the people applauded and
+clapped their hands, for gladnesse, that the earth s&eacute;emed to tremble and quake vnderneath
+them.</p>
+
+<p>After this ioy ended, there issued out of the citie in maner of procession, seuen
+hundred and mo christians, as well men, as women and children, which had bin there
+prisoners and liued in bonds, seruitude, and miserable captiuitie, whereof the most
+part were naked, wounded, and in maner famished for hunger. To whome the king
+(of his great liberalitie) gaue both apparell, viands and monie. These poore prisoners
+comming out of the citie sang this psalme; Benedictus Dominus Deus Israel, qui
+visitauit &amp; fecit redemptionem pledis su&aelig;; Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_500" id="Page_500">[Pg 500]</a></span>
+hath visited and red&eacute;emed his people. And so singing foorth the psalme, went to the
+church of saint Faith, which the king Ferdinando had caused to b&eacute;e most sumptuouslie
+edified during the time of the siege, being distant from Granado two or thr&eacute;e miles.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The lord Euerus
+de M&#275;doza made
+capteine of the
+house roiall.</div>
+
+<p>Now as this poore procession passed by the host, one espied his sonne, and another
+saw his brother; and the son perceiued the father, and the father found the daughter,
+which were now deliuered out of miserable seruitude and bondage. But they could
+not refraine nor bridle themselues from distilling of teares and sobbing, s&eacute;eing their
+parents and kinsfolke restored to libertie &amp; fr&eacute;edome. And when these people had
+said their orisons in the church of saint Faith, and were come to the armie, they
+kn&eacute;eled before the king, kissed his f&eacute;et, crieng with one voice; God grant to the
+king of Spaine euerlasting life. The next daie after the lord Euerus de Mendoza,
+earle of Tendiglie, was by the king made capteine of the house roiall and principall
+tower of the citie of Granado, called Alhambra, hauing to him appointed and assigned
+one thousand men of armes, and two thousand footmen. Vnto the which earle,
+the great master deliuered the keies of the said palace and tower, and other ports and
+fortresses.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A great number
+of states with
+their traine enter
+triumphantlie into
+Granado to
+take reall possession.</div>
+
+<p>On Saturday the eight daie of Ianuarie, in the yeare of our Lord 1492, Ferdinando,
+K. of Spaine &amp; Granado, the qu&eacute;ene, &amp; their eldest son Don Iohn prince of Spaine,
+the lord Peter of Mendoza, the archbish. of Toledo, the patriarch of Alexandria, the
+cardinall of Spaine, the lord Peter prince of Lion, the duke of Gaditan, the marques
+of Villena &amp; Moia, the erle of Capre, the earle of Vienna of Cifnentes, and manie
+other earles, barons and nobles, whereof some were Englishmen (whose names I haue
+not) with ten thousand horssemen, and fiftie thousand footmen, with great triumph
+and roialtie entered into the citie of Granado, and thereof tooke reall possession &amp;
+seazine, and caused masse to be soong in a great place called Melchita, where h&eacute;e
+caused a solemne church to be builded in the honour of God and his mother. When
+masse was ended, the king and qu&eacute;ene repaired to the palace roiall of Alhambra, the
+which was woonderfull, both in qualitie &amp; sumptuous building, which house was
+adorned with rich arras and tapestrie in euerie chamber.</p>
+
+<p>The earle of Tendiglie capteine of the palace, feasted the king and qu&eacute;ene, and all
+the nobilitie at his owne costes and charges. So the king of Spaine there remained
+till the countrie was reduced into a good conformitie and order, and diuerse fortresses
+and castels were made for the safegard and tuition of the realme. And bicause this
+victorie obteined, was to the glorie of God, and to the publike wealth of all christianitie, the
+<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>said cardinall of Canturburie declared to the people, that the king had sent him and
+the other nobles thither that day, not onelie to notifie and declare to them the veritie
+of the fact; but also to exhort them to giue lauds and praisings to almightie God, for
+deliuering so goodlie a citie, so plentifull a countrie, and so notable a region out of the
+hands of his enimies, and persecutors of his faith and religion. Which declaration
+ended the archbishop with the cleargie &amp; the nobles with the communaltie, in most
+deuout maner went in generall procession, rendering to God for this great atchiued
+enterprise, glorie, honour, and most reuerent thanks.</p>
+
+<div class="footnote">
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Namelie doctor Morton, of whom menti&#333; is made in the beginning of this historie.</p></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 866.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Sir Iames Parker by casualtie at iustes mortallie wounded.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Two pardoners set on the pillorie.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Robert Fabian.</div>
+
+<p>&para; In the moneth of Maie next and immediatlie following this triumph, was holden
+a great and valiant iusting within the kings palace of Shine, now named Richmond,
+the which indured by the space of a moneth, sometime within the said palace
+and sometime without, vpon the gr&eacute;ene before the gate of the said palace. In which
+iustes sir Iames Parker knight, running against a gentleman named Hugh Vauhan, by
+casualtie was so sore hurt and brused, that he died thereof. This yeare also two
+pardoners were set on the pillorie in Cornehill thr&eacute;e market daies, for forging of false
+pardons, wherewith they had deceiued the people, &amp; got much monie. And for that
+one of them had feined himselfe to be a priest, h&eacute;e was sent to Newgate, where he
+died: the other was driuen out of London with shame enough. &para; Also this yere was
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_501" id="Page_501">[Pg 501]</a></span>Robert Fabian shiriffe of London &amp; alderman, who made a chronicle of England &amp; of
+France, beginning at the creation of the world, and ending in the third yeare of the
+reigne of king Henrie the eight, which booke is now imprinted to the end of Richard
+the third.</p>
+
+<p>Maximilian king of Romans, intending to be reuenged on the Frenchmen for the
+manie iniuries doone to him of late (and especiallie for that king Charles had forsaken
+his daughter ladie Margaret, and purposed to take to wife the ladie Anne of
+Britaine) bicause he was not rich enough to mainteine the warre of himselfe, he sent
+his ambassadour, one Iames Contibald, a man of great wisedome, to require the king
+of England to take his part against the French king, making diuers great offers on
+his owne behalfe, if it should please him so to doo.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">King Henrie and Maximilian agr&eacute;e to plague the Frenchmen.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 7.</div>
+
+<p>King Henrie no lesse desirous than Maximilian to put the French king to trouble,
+and chieflie to aid the Britains in the extremitie of their businesse, gladlie consented
+to the request of Maximilian; and promised to prepare an armie with all sp&eacute;ed, and
+in time conuenient to passe the seas with the same, and inuade the French territories.
+In this verie season, Charles the French king receiued the ladie Anne of Britaine, as his
+pupill into his hands, and with great solemnitie hir espoused, hauing with hir in dower,
+the whole duchie of Britaine.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The cause of Maximilians malice against Charles of France.</div>
+
+<p>Now was Maximilian in great chafe toward the French king, not onelie for that he had
+refused his daughter, but also had ber&eacute;eued him of his assured wife the said ladie
+Anne, contrarie to all right and conscience. Wherefore he sent vnto king Henrie,
+desiring him with all sp&eacute;ed to passe the seas with his armie, that they might pursue
+the warre against their aduersarie, with fire, sword and bloud. King Henrie hearing
+this, and hauing no mistrust in the promise of Maximilian, with all sp&eacute;ed leuied an
+armie, and rigged his nauie of ships. And when all things were readie he sent his almoner
+Christopher Urswike, and sir Iohn Riselie knight vnto Maximilian, to certifie
+him, that the king was in a readinesse, and would arriue at Calis, as soone as he
+should be aduertised that Maximilian and his men were readie to ioine with him.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Maximilian dealeth dishonestlie with the king of England to his great vexation.</div>
+
+<p>These ambassadors comming into Flanders perceiued that Maximilian was neither
+purueied of men, monie, nor armor, nor of any other thing neccessarie for the setting
+foorth of warre; sauing onlie that his will was good, although his power was small.
+King Henrie being aduertised hereof by letters sent to him from his said ambassadors,
+was sore disquieted in his mind, and was almost brought to his wits end, to consider
+how his companions in arms should thus faile him at n&eacute;ed; but taking aduise of his
+counsell, at length he determined not to stay his prepensed iournie, and therfore he so
+increased his numbers before he tooke ship, that he with his owne power might be
+able to match with his aduersaries. When he had thus gathered and assembled his
+armie, h&eacute;e sailed to Calis the sixt day of October, and there incamped himselfe for
+a space, to s&eacute;e all his men and prouision in such readinesse, as nothing should be wanting.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Maximilian king of Romans breaketh promise with king Henrie in ioining with him to inuade France.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The dissimulation of the French king.</div>
+
+<p>In this place all the armie had knowledge by the ambassadours (which were newlie
+returned out of Flanders) that Maximilian could not set foorth anie armie, for lacke
+of monie: and therefore there was no succour to be looked for at his hand. But the
+Englishmen were nothing dismaid therewith, as they that iudged themselues able
+enough to match the Frenchmen without the helpe of anie other nation. In the meane
+season, although the French king had an armie togither, both for number and furniture
+able to trie in battell with the Englishmen: yet he made semblance as though he
+desired nothing more than peace, as the thing much more profitable to him than warre:
+the minds of the Britains were not wholie setled.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_502" id="Page_502">[Pg 502]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A motion on the
+French part for a
+treatie of peace
+with the English.</div>
+
+<p>And againe, he was called into Italie to make warre against the king of Naples,
+whose kingdome he pretended to apperteine to him by lawfull succession from his father
+king Lewes, to whome Reine duke of Aniou last king of Sicill, of the house of
+Aniou, had transferred his right to that kingdome (as partlie before ye haue heard)
+wrongfullie and without cause disinheriting his coosine, godsonne and heire, Reine
+duke of Loraine and Bar. The lord Chordes hauing commission from his maister the
+French king to make some entrie into a treatie for peace with the king of England,
+wrote letters to him before he passed ouer to Calis, signifieng to him that if it might
+stand with his pleasure to send some of his councellors to the borders of the English
+pale adioining to France, there should be so reasonable conditions of peace proffered,
+that he doubted not but his grace might with great honour breake vp his campe, and
+retire his armie home againe.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Commissioners
+sent ouer to
+Calis about the
+said peace.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Bullogne besieged
+by the Englishmen
+the king
+himselfe present.</div>
+
+<p>The king of England considering that Britaine was cl&eacute;erelie lost, and past recouerie,
+and that Maximilian for lacke of monie, and mistrust which he had in his owne
+subiects, laie still like a dormouse dooing nothing; and herewith weieng that it should
+be honorable to him, and profitable to his people to determine this great warre without
+bloudshed, appointed the bishop of Excester, and Giles lord Daubenie to passe the
+seas to Calis, and so to commun with the lord Chordes of articles of peace, which
+tooke effect as after ye shall perceiue. In the meane time, whilest the commissioners
+were communing of peace on the marches of France, the king of England (as ye
+haue heard) was arriued at Calis: from whense after all things were prepared for such a
+iournie, he remooued in foure battells forward, till he came n&eacute;ere to the towne of Bullogne,
+&amp; there pitched his tents before it in a conuenient place for his purpose, meaning
+to assaile the towne with his whole force &amp; puissance.</p>
+
+<p>But there was such a strong garison of warlike souldiers within that fortresse, and
+such plentie of artillerie, and necessarie munitions of warre, that the losse of Englishmen
+assaulting the towne (as was doubted) should be greater damage to the realme of
+England, than the gaining thereof should be profit. Howbeit the dailie shot of the
+kings battering p&eacute;eces brake the wals, and sore defaced them. But when euerie man
+was readie to giue the assault, a sudden rumor rose in the armie that peace was concluded:
+which brute as it was pleasant to the Frenchmen, so was it displesant to the
+Englishmen, bicause they were prest and readie at all times to set on their enimies,
+and brought into great hope to haue b&eacute;ene inriched by the spoile and game to haue
+fallen to their lots of their enimies goods, beside the glorious fame of renowmed
+victorie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Why the English preferred warre before peace.</div>
+
+<p>And therefore to be defrauded hereof by an vnprofitable peace, they were in great
+fume, and verie angrie: and namelie, for that diuerse of the capteins to set themselues
+and their bands the more gorgeouslie forward, had borrowed large summes of
+monie, and for the repaiment had morgaged their lands and possessions, and some
+happilie had made through sale thereof, trusting to recouer all againe by the gaines of
+this iournie. Wherefore offended with this sudden conclusion of peace, they spake
+euill, both of the king and his councell. But the king like a wise prince asswaged
+their displeasure in part with excusing the matter, alledging what losse and bloudshed
+was like to insue both of capteins and souldiers, if the assault should haue b&eacute;ene
+giuen to the vtterance, especiallie sith the towne was so well furnished with men and
+munitions. When he had somewhat appeased their minds with these and manie other
+reasons, he returned backe againe to Calis.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Polydor.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Sir Iohn Sauage
+slaine at this
+siege.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Richard Pl&#257;tagenet a counterfeit of ladie Margarets imagining.</div>
+
+<p>There were not manie of the English armie lost at this siege of Bullogne, &amp; few or
+no men of name, sauing that valiant capteine sir Iohn Sauage knight, the which,
+as he and sir Iohn Riselie rode about the wals of the towne, to view in what place it
+might be easiliest assaulted, was compassed about by certeine Frenchmen that were
+issued out of the towne, and there slaine standing at defense and vtterlie refusing to
+y&eacute;eld himselfe as prisoner. But sir Iohn Riselie escaped by flieng awaie. When the K.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_503" id="Page_503">[Pg 503]</a></span>
+was thus returned to Calis, he began to smell a certeine secret smoke, which was like
+to turne to a great flame, without wise foresight, and good looking to. For by the
+craftie inuention, and diuelish imagination of the ladie Margaret duchesse of Burgognie,
+a new idoll was set vp in Flanders, and by a forged name called Richard Plantagenet
+second sonne to king Edward the fourth, as though he had b&eacute;ene raised from
+death to life.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The conclusion of peace betw&eacute;ene the English and French.</div>
+
+<p>The newes hereof somewhat troubled him, so that he was with better will content
+to receiue the honorable conditions of peace offered of his enimie: bicause he should
+not be constreined at one time to make warre both at home, and also in a forren
+region. The conclusion of this agr&eacute;ement made with the Frenchmen, was this: That
+this peace should continue both their liues; and that the French king should pay to
+the king of England a certeine summe of monie in hand, according as the commissioners
+should appoint for his charges susteined in this iournie. Which (as the king
+certified the maior of London by his letters the ninth of Nouember) amounted to the
+summe of seuen hundred fortie and fiue thousand duckats: the which is of sterling
+monie, one hundred foure score and six thousand, two hundred and fiftie pounds. It
+was also concluded that he should yearelie (for a certeine space) paie or cause to be
+paid, for the monie that the K. had spent &amp; expended in the defense of the Britains
+fiue &amp; twentie thousand crowns.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Alph&#333;se duke of Calabre made knight of the garter.</div>
+
+<p>Which yearelie tribute the French king (afterwards continuallie occupied in the
+wars of Italie) yearelie satisfied &amp; paid so long as K. Henrie liued, who after he had
+taried a conuenient space at Calis, tooke the sea, and arriued at Douer, and so came
+to his manour of Gr&eacute;enewich. Immediatlie after his returne thus into England, he
+elected into the fellowship of saint George, commonlie called the order of the garter,
+Alphonse duke of Calabre, sonne and heire to Ferdinando king of Naples, Christopher
+Urswike the kings almoner was sent to him vnto Naples with the garter, collar, mantell,
+and other habilments apperteining to the companions of that noble order. The which
+was reuerentlie receiued of the said duke, who in a solemne presence reuested himselfe
+with that habit, supposing by the countenance of that apparell to be able to
+resist his aduersarie the French king, sith he was now made a fr&eacute;end and companion in
+order with the king of England: but that little auailed him, as after it was right
+apparant. [And here, bicause in sundrie actions we haue s&eacute;ene and obserued the
+French kings subtilties, his inconstancie, lacke of truth, honestie, and kinglie modestie;
+we maie be bold to set downe the description of his person, as we find the
+same readie drawne to hand; that by a view thereof we maie conclude that his properties
+were proportioned to his person.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex. Guic. pag. 43.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The French king described.</div>
+
+<p>It is verie certeine (saith mine author) that king Charles from his infancie was of
+complexion verie delicate and of bodie vnsound and diseased, of small stature, and of
+face (if the aspect and dignitie of his eies had b&eacute;ene taken awaie) fowle and deformed,
+his other members bearing such equall proportion, that he s&eacute;emed more a monster
+than a man: he was not onelie without all knowledge of good sciences, but scarselie
+he knew the distinct characters of letters: his mind desirous to command, but more
+proper to anie other thing, for that being inuironed alwaies with his familiars and
+fauourits, he reteined with them no maiestie or authoritie: he reiected all affaires and businesse,
+and yet if he did debate and consider in anie, he shewed a weake discretion and
+iudgement. And if he had any thing in him that caried apparance of merit or praise, yet
+being thoroughlie weied and sounded, it was found further off from vertue than from vice:
+he had an inclination to glorie, but it was tempered more with rashnesse and furie than
+with moderation and counsell: his liberalities were without discretion, measure or
+distinction: immooueable oftentimes in his purposes, but that was rather an ill grounded
+obstinacie than constancie. And that which manie call bountie, deserued more
+reasonablie in him the name of coldnesse &amp; slackenesse of spirit.]</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_504" id="Page_504">[Pg 504]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The birth of
+Henrie duke
+of Yorke, after
+crowned king by
+the name of
+Henrie the eight.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1492.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The malice of
+the duchesse of
+Burgognie to the
+line of Lancaster.</div>
+
+<p>This yeare the two and twentith of Iune, was borne at Gr&eacute;enewich the lord Henrie
+second sonne to this king Henrie the seuenth, which was created duke of Yorke, &amp;
+after prince of Wales, and in conclusion succ&eacute;eded his father in gouernance of this
+realme, by the name of Henrie the eight, father to our gratious souereigne qu&eacute;ene
+Elizabeth. But now to returne to the new found sonne of king Edward coniured by
+mens policies from death to life: ye shall vnderstand that the duchesse of Burgognie
+euer desiring to cast a scorpion in the bosome of king Henrie, not for anie displeasure
+by him towards hir wrought or doone; but onelie bicause he was descended of the
+house of Lancaster, being an enimie to hir line, began to spin a new web, like a
+spider that dailie weaueth when his kall is torne: for after that the earle of Lincolne,
+which was by hir set foorth, had missed the cushin, and lost both horsse and spurres,
+she could not be quiet, vntill she had practised a new deuise to put king Henrie to
+trouble. And as the diuell prouideth venemous sauce to corrupt stomachs, so for hir
+purpose she espied a certeine yoong man of visage beautifull, of countenance demure,
+and of wit craftie and subtill.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin Warbecke the
+counterfeit duke
+of Yorke.</div>
+
+<p>This youths name was Peter Warbecke, one for his faintnesse of stomach of the
+Englishmen in derision, called Perkin Warbecke, according to the dutch phrase, which
+change the name of Peter to Perkin, of yoonglings and little boies, which for want of
+age, lacke of strength, and manlike courage, are not thought worthie of the name of a
+man. This yoong man trauelling many countries, could speake English and diuerse
+other languages; &amp; for his basenesse of birth and stocke, was almost vnknowne of all
+men; and driuen to s&eacute;eke liuing from his childhood, was constreined to go and trauell
+thorough manie countries. The duchesse glad to haue got so m&eacute;et an organ for the
+conueieng of hir inuented purpose, as one not vnlike to be taken and reputed for the
+duke of Yorke, sonne to hir brother king Edward, which was called Richard, kept
+him a certeine space with hir priuilie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The readie wit
+of Perkin to
+learne all that
+made for his
+preferment to
+honor.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The emulati&#333; of
+the dukes of
+Yokre.</div>
+
+<p>Besides that, she with such diligence instructed him both in the secrets and common
+affaires of the realme of England, and of the linage, descent and order of the
+house of Yorke, that like a good scholer, not forgetting his lesson, he could tell all
+that was taught him promptlie without anie stackering or staie in his words. And
+besides that, he kept such a princelie countenance, and so counterfeit a maiestie roiall,
+that all men in manner did firmelie bel&eacute;eue, that he was extracted of the noble house
+and familie of the dukes of Yorke. For suerlie, it was a gift giuen to that noble
+progenie, as of nature planted in the root, that all the sequels of that line and stocke did
+studie and deuise how to be equiualent in honour and fame with their forefathers and
+noble predecessors.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin Warbecke
+arriueth
+in Ireland.</div>
+
+<p>When the duches had framed hir cloath m&eacute;et for the market, she was informed that
+king Henrie prepared to make warre against Charles the French king. Wherefore she,
+thinking that the time serued well for the setting foorth of hir malicious indention,
+sent this Perkin hir new inuented mawmet, first into Portingale, and so craftilie into
+the countrie of Ireland; to the intent that he, being both wittie and wilie, might
+inuegle the rude Irishmen (being at those daies more inclined to rebellion than to
+reasonable order) to a new seditious commotion. Shortlie after his arriuall in Ireland,
+whether by his shrewd wit, or the malicious exhortation of the sauage Irish gouernours,
+he entred so farre in credit with the people of that Ile, that his words were
+taken to be as true, as he vntruelie with false demonstrations set foorth and published
+them.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_505" id="Page_505">[Pg 505]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin saileth
+into France all
+aflant.</div>
+
+<p>The French king aduertised hereof, then being in displeasure with king Henrie, sent
+into Ireland for Perkin, to the intent to send him against king Henrie, which was
+then inuading France (as y&eacute;e before haue heard.) Perkin thought himselfe aloft, now
+that he was called to the familiaritie of kings, and therefore with all diligence sailed
+into France, and comming to the kings presence, was of him roiallie receiued and
+after a princelie fashion interteined, and had a gard to him assigned, whereof was
+gouernour the lord Congreshall: and to him being at Paris, resorted sir George
+Neuill bastard, sir Iohn Tailor, Rowland Robinson, and an hundred English rebels.
+Now, after that a peace (as before is said) was concluded betwixt the French king, and
+the king of England, the French king dismissed Perkin, and would no longer k&eacute;epe
+him.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin returneth
+to the ladie
+Margaret his
+first founder.</div>
+
+<p>But some haue said (which were there attending on him) that Perkin, fearing least
+the French king should deliuer him to the king of England, beguiled the lord Congreshall,
+and fled from Paris by night. But whether the French king knew of his
+departure or not, the truth is, that he being in maner in despaire, returned to his first
+founder the ladie Margaret, of whome he was so welcomed to all outward appearance,
+that it s&eacute;emed she could not haue reioised at anie earthlie thing more, than she did at
+his presence, and (as she could well dissemble) she made semblance as though she had
+neuer s&eacute;ene him before that time. Now as she had sore longed to know not once,
+but diuerse times in open audience, and in solemne presence, she willed him to declare
+and shew by what means he was preserued from death and destruction, and in what
+countries he had wandered and sought fr&eacute;endship; and finallie, by what chance of
+fortune he came to hir court.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin named
+by the dutches
+of Burgognie
+the white rose
+of England.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1493.</div>
+
+<p>This did sh&eacute;e, to the intent that by the open declaration of these fained phantasies,
+the people might be persuaded to giue credit, and bel&eacute;eue that he was the true begotten
+sonne of hir brother king Edward. And after this, sh&eacute;e assigned to him a gard
+of thirtie persons in murrie and blew, and highlie honoured him as a great estate, and
+called him the white rose of England. The nobilitie of Flanders did to him all
+reuerence. [All which port and pompe exhibited in most solemne sort, he was well
+content to take vpon him, forgetting the basenesse of his birth, and glorieng in the
+counterfeit title of honour: much like the iay that would be called a swan, or like the
+crow that trimming hir selfe with the stolne feathers of a pecocke, would s&eacute;eme
+Iunos bird; as the poet saith:</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>M. Pul. in virg.</i></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">----mentito nomine cygnum<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Graculus appellat sese, cornicula plumas<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pauonis furata cupit pauo ipsa videri.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex. I. S. pag. 865.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Stratford bridge vpon Auen builded.</div>
+
+<p>&para; In this yeare was one Hugh Clopton maior of London, and of the staple, a
+gentleman, borne at Clopton village, halfe a mile from Stratford vpon Auen by north,
+who continued (during his life) a bacheler: he builded the great and sumptuous
+bridge of Stratford vpon Auen, at the east end of the towne. This bridge hath
+fouret&eacute;ene great arches, and a long cawsie with smaller arches, all made of stone,
+new walled on each side. At the west end of the bridge, he builded a faire large
+chappell. Toward the south end of that towne, &amp; n&eacute;ere vnto the same a pretie house
+of bricke and timber, where he laie, and ended his life. He glased the chancell of
+the parish church in that towne, and made a waie of foure miles long, thr&eacute;e miles
+from Alesburie towards London, and one mile beyond Alesburie.]</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Such long and
+looked for
+alteration of
+states.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">False rumors
+occasions of
+great disquietnes.</div>
+
+<p>But to returne to Perkin: the brute of whome in England, blowne throughout the
+realme, sore disquieted the people, insomuch that not onelie the meaner sort, but also
+manie of the nobles and worshipfull personages bel&eacute;eued and published it abroad, that
+all was true which was reported of him. And not onelie they that were in sanctuaries
+but also manie other that were fallen in debt, assembled in a companie, and passed
+ouer the seas into Flanders, to their counterfeit duke of Yorke, otherwise rightlie
+named Perkin Warbecke. Truelie the realme of England was in maner diuided (with
+the rumor and vaine fable spred abroad of this twise borne duke) into partakings and
+contrarie factions. And some of the noble men conspired togither, purposing to aid
+the foresaid Perkin, as the man whome they reputed to be the verie sonne of king<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_506" id="Page_506">[Pg 506]</a></span>
+Edward; and that the matter was not feigned, but altogether true, iust, and not imagined
+of any malicious pretense or euill purpose.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 8.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin counterfeiteth
+the duke
+of Yorke verie
+cunninglie.</div>
+
+<p>And bicause the thing was weightie, and required great aid and assistance, therefore
+they determined to send messengers vnto the ladie Margaret, to know when
+Richard duke of Yorke might conuenientlie come into England; to the intent that
+they being thereof certified, might be in a readinesse to helpe and succour him at his
+arriuall. So by the common consent of the conspirators, sir Robert Clifford knight,
+and William Barleie, were sent into Flanders, which discouered to the duches all the
+secret intents and priuie meanings of the fr&eacute;ends and fautors of the new found duke.
+The duches gladlie receiued this message, and after sh&eacute;e had heard their errand, sh&eacute;e
+brought the messenger to the sight of Perkin, who so well counterfeited the gesture,
+countenance, and maner of Richard duke of Yorke, that sir Robert Clifford bel&eacute;eued
+verelie, that he was the second sonne of king Edward; and therefore wrote a letter
+of credit into England to his complices: and to put them out of doubt, he affirmed
+that he knew him to be king Edwards sonne by his face, and other lineaments of his
+bodie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkins true
+linage.</div>
+
+<p>Vpon this letter, the ch&eacute;efe dooers in this businesse spred the signification thereof
+abroad through the realme, to the intent to stirre the people to some new tumult and
+commotion: but it was doone by such a secret craft, that no man could tell who was
+the author of that rumor. The king perceiued that this vaine fable was not vanished
+out of the mad brains of the common people. To prouide therefore against all perils
+that might thereby insue, he sent certeine knights that were skilfull men of warre,
+with competent bands of soldiers, to k&eacute;epe the sea coasts and hauens, to vnderstand
+who came in and went out of the realme; doubting least some great conspiracie were in
+brewing against him. He also sent into the low countries certeine persons, to learne
+the truth of this forged dukes progenie, where some of them that were so sent, comming
+to Tournie, got knowledge that he was borne in that citie, of base linage, and
+named Perkin Warbecke.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Ambassadors
+sent to Philip
+archduke of
+Burgognie.</div>
+
+<p>The king then aduertised not onelie by his espials vpon their returne, but also from
+other his trustie fr&eacute;ends, determined with all sp&eacute;ed to haue the fraud published, both
+in England and forren parts: and for the same cause sent sir Edward Poinings knight,
+&amp; sir William Warram doctor of the laws vnto Philip archduke of Burgognie, and to
+his councellors (bicause he was not of age able to gouerne of himselfe) to signifie to
+him and them, that the yoong man, being with the ladie Margaret, had falselie and
+vntruelie vsurped the name of Richard duke of Yorke, which long before was murthered
+with his brother Edward in the Tower of London, by the commandement of
+their vncle king Richard, as manie men then liuing could testifie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The sum of
+D. Warrams
+sp&eacute;ech to the
+archduke.</div>
+
+<p>The ambassadors comming to the court of Philip the archduke, were honorablie interteined
+of him and of his councell, and willed to declare the effect of their message.
+William Warram made to them an eloquent oration, and in the later end somewhat
+inueihed against the ladie Margaret, not sparing to declare, how she now in
+hir later age had brought foorth (within the space of a few yeares togither) two detestable
+monsters, that is to saie, Lambert (of whom y&eacute;e heard before) and this
+same Perkin Warbecke, and being conceiued of these two great babes, was not deliuered
+of them in eight or nine moneths as nature requireth; but in one hundred and
+eightie moneths, for both these at the lest were fift&eacute;ene y&eacute;ers of age, yer she would
+be brought in bed of them, and shew them openlie; and when they were newlie crept
+out of hir wombe, they were no infants but lustie yoonglings, and of age sufficient
+to bid battell to kings. Although these tawnts angred the ladie Margaret to the hart,
+yet Perkin was more vexed with the things declared in this oration, and especiallie bicause
+his cloaked iuggling was brought to light.</p>
+
+<p>The duches intending to cast hot sulphur into the new kindled fire, determined with
+might and maine to arme and set forward prettie Perkin against the king of England.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_507" id="Page_507">[Pg 507]</a></span>
+When the ambassadors had doone their message, and that the archdukes councell had
+long debated the matter; they made answer, that to haue the king of Englands loue,
+the archduke and they would neither aid nor assist Perkin nor his complices in anie
+cause or quarrell. Yet notwithstanding if the ladie Margaret, persisting in hir rooted
+malice towards the king of England, would be to him aiding and helping, it was not
+in their power to withstand it; for bicause in the lands assigned to hir for hir dower,
+she might franklie and fr&eacute;elie order all things at hir will and pleasure, without contradiction
+of anie other gouernour.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 9.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Espials sent into Flanders from the king for a subtill policie.</div>
+
+<p>After that the ambassadors were returned with this answer, the king streight sent
+foorth certeine espials into Flanders, which should feigne themselues to haue fled to
+the duke of Yorke; and thereby search out the whole intent of the conspiracie, and
+after what sort they meant to proc&eacute;ed in the same. Others were sent also to intise
+sir Robert Clifford and William Barleie, to returne into England, promising to them
+pardon of all their offenses and high rewards for obeieng the kings request. They that
+were sent, did so earnestlie and prudentlie applie their businesse, that they brought
+all things to passe at their owne desires. For first they learned who were the ch&eacute;efe
+conspirators, and after persuaded sir Robert Clifford to giue ouer that enterprise,
+which had no grounded staie to rest vpon. Albeit William Barleie at the first would
+not leaue off, but continued his begun attempt; till after two yeares, he repenting him
+of his follie, &amp; hauing pardon granted him of the king, returned home into his natiue
+countrie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The conspiring fautors of the counterfeit duke of Yorke.</div>
+
+<p>When the king had knowledge of the chiefe capteins of this conspiracie (by the
+ouerture of his espials which were returned) he caused them to be apprehended, and
+brought to London before his presence. Of the which the chiefe were Iohn Ratcliffe,
+lord Fitz-Water, sir Simon Montford, sir Tho. Thwaits knights, William Daubenie,
+Robert Ratclifte, Thomas Cressenor, and Thomas Astwood. Also certeine pr&eacute;ests &amp;
+religious men, as sir William Richford doctor of diuinitie, and sir Thomas Poines,
+both friers of saint Dominikes order, doctor William Sutton, sir William Worseleie
+deane of Paules, Robert Laiborne, and sir Richard Lesleie. Other which were guiltie,
+hearing that their fellowes were apprehended, fled and tooke sanctuarie. The other
+that were taken were condemned, of the which sir Simon Montford, Robert Ratcliffe,
+and William Daubenie were beheaded.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Flem.</i></div>
+
+<p>Some had their pardons, and the pr&eacute;ests also for their order sake; but yet few of
+them liued long after. The lord Fitz-Water pardoned of life, was conueied to Calis,
+and there laid in hold, &amp; after lost his head; bicause he went about to corrupt his
+k&eacute;epers with rewards, that he might escape, intending (as was thought) to haue
+gone to Perkin. [Thus by the policie and subtile deuise of the king, practised to the
+point by his espials, the sinewes of this conspiracie was rent in sunder. So that the
+malicious ladie Margaret was not a little swolne with indignation when she saw the
+course of hir deuise (now that it had passed so far as that it was knowne to people on
+this side and beyond the seas) stopped, and the confederacie (whereto she speciallie
+trusted) dissolued. Yet notwithstanding, as women will not (to die for it) giue
+ouer an enterprise, which of an enuious purpose they attempt; so she put hir irons
+afresh into the fier to set hir hatred forward: whome a while we will leaue at worke,
+and shew some doings betw&eacute;ene England and Flanders.]</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Flemish wares forbidden.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The mart kept at Calis.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_508" id="Page_508">[Pg 508]</a></span></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">English commodities banished out of Flanders.</div>
+
+<p>King Henrie taking displeasure with the king of Romans, for that he kept not
+touch in aiding him against the French king, and partlie displeased with the Flemings,
+but speciallie with the ladie Margaret, for k&eacute;eping and setting forward Perkin Warbecke,
+not onelie banished all Flemish wares and merchandizes out of his dominions,
+but also restreined all English merchants from their repaire and traffike into anie of
+the lands and territories of the king of Romans, or of the archduke Philip, sonne to
+the same king of the Romans; causing the mart to be kept at Calis, of all English
+merchandizes and commodities. Wherefore the said king and his sonne banished
+out of their lands and seigniories all English clothes, yarne, tin, lead, and other commodities
+of this realme. The restreint made by the king sore hindered the merchants
+aduenturers; for they had no occupieng to beare their charges, and to support their
+credit withall.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A riot made vpon the Easterlings.</div>
+
+<p>And that most gr&eacute;eued them, the Easterlings being at libertie, brought to the realme
+such wares as they were woont, &amp; so serued their customers throughout the realme.
+Wherevpon there insued a riot by the seruants of the mercers, haberdashers, &amp; clothworkers
+in the citie of London, the tuesdaie before saint Edwards day. For they perceiuing
+what hinderance grew to their maisters, in that they were not able so well to
+k&eacute;epe them as before they had doone, assembled togither in purpose to reuenge their
+malice on the Easterlings, &amp; so came to the Stilliard, &amp; began to rifle &amp; spoile such chambers
+&amp; warehouses as they cold get into. So that the Easterlings had much adoo to
+withstand them, &amp; k&eacute;epe them back out of their gates, which with helpe of carpenters,
+smiths, and other that came to them by water out of Southwarke, they shored
+&amp; so fortified, that the multitude of the seruants and prentises, being assembled, could
+not preuaile.</p>
+
+<p>At length came the maior with a number of men, defensiblie weaponed, to remooue
+the force; at whose approch those riotous persons fled awaie like a flocke of sh&eacute;epe.
+But diuerse of them were apprehended, and vpon inquirie made before the kings
+commissioners, aboue foure score seruants &amp; apprentises were found to be conspired
+togither, and sworne not to reueale it; of whome some of the chiefe beginners were
+committed to the Tower, and there long continued. But in conclusion, bicause none
+of their maisters, nor anie one housholder was found culpable, the king of his clemencie
+pardoned their offense, and restored them to libertie. [For he thought it no
+credit to his crowne to take vengeance of such sillie soules by seueritie of death, whom
+in clemencie pardoning he might restore to a reformed life.]</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex. I. S. pag. 867.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Execution for seditious bils against the kings person.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Vittels plentie sold good cheape.</div>
+
+<p>&para; On the two &amp; twentith of Februarie in this y&eacute;ere were arreigned in the Guildhall
+of London foure persons, Thomas Bagnall, Iohn Scot, Iohn Heath, and Iohn Kenington,
+the which were sanctuarie men of saint Martins le grand in London, and latelie
+before were taken out of the said sanctuarie, for forging of seditious bils, to the slander
+of the king, &amp; some of his councell, for the which thr&eacute;e of them were iudged to
+die; and the fourth named Bagnall, pleaded to be restored to sanctuarie: by reason
+whereof he was repriued to the Tower till the next tearme: and on the six and
+twentith of Februarie, the other thr&eacute;e with a Fleming, and a yeoman of the crowne,
+were all fiue executed at Tiborne. &para; On the eight and twentith of Aprill Ione Boughton
+widow was burnt in Smithfield, for holding certeine opinions of Iohn Wickliffe.
+Wheat was sold at London at six pence the bushell, baie salt for thr&eacute;e pence halfe
+penie the bushell, Nantwich salt was sold for six pence the bushell, white herings
+nine shillings the barrell, red herings at thr&eacute;e shillings the cade, red sprots six pence
+the cade, &amp; Gascoigne wine for six pound the tun.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1494.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 10.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Policie of K. Henrie against Robert Clifford.</div>
+
+<p>Shortlie after sir Robert Clifford, partlie trusting on the kings promise, and partlie
+mistrusting the desperat begun enterprise, returned suddenlie againe into England.
+The king certified before of his comming, went streight to the Tower of London the
+morow after the day of Epiphanie, &amp; there taried till such time as sir Robert Clifford
+was there presented to his person. This was doone for a policie, that if sir Robert
+accused anie of the nobilitie, they might be called thither without suspicion of anie
+euill, and their attached and laid fast. Some thought also, that for a policie king
+Henrie sent sir Robert Clifford ouer as an espie, or else he would not so soone haue receiued
+him into fauour againe. Neuerthelesse, there were great presumptions that it
+was nothing so, for both was he in great danger after his begun attempt, and neuer
+was so much est&eacute;emed with the king afterward as he was before.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_509" id="Page_509">[Pg 509]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Sir William Stanleie a fauourer of Perkin.</div>
+
+<p>But this is true, vpon his comming to the kings presence, he besought him of pardon,
+and obteined it; and therewith opened all the maner of the conspiracie, so far as
+he knew, and who were aiders, fautors, and chiefe beginners of it; amongst whome he
+accused sir William Stanleie, whome the king had made his chiefe chamberleine, and
+one of his priuie councell. The king was sorie to heare this, and could not be induced
+to bel&eacute;eue that there was so much vntruth in him, till by euident proofes it
+was tried against him. Then the king caused him to be restreined from his libertie in
+his owne chamber within the quadrat tower, and there appointed him by his priuie
+councell to be examined, in which examination he nothing denied, but wiselie and
+sagelie agr&eacute;ed to all things laid to his charge if he were faultie therein.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The offense of sir William Stanleie.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Coniectures of sir William Stanleies alienated mind from king Henrie.</div>
+
+<p>The report is, that this was his offense. When communication was had betwixt
+him, and the aboue mentioned sir Robert Clifford, as concerning Perkin, which
+falselie vsurped the name of K. Edwards sonne; sir William Stanleie said, that if he
+knew certeinlie that the yoong man was the indubitate heire of king Edward the
+fourth, he would neuer fight or beare armour against him. This point argued, that
+he bare no hartie good will toward king Henrie as then. But what was the cause that
+he had conceiued some inward grudge towards the king; or how it chanced that the
+king had withdrawen his speciall fauor from him, manie haue doubted. Some ind&eacute;ed
+haue gessed, that sir William Stanleie, for the seruice which he shewed at Bosworth
+field thought that all the benefits which he receiued of the king to be farre vnder
+that which he had deserued, in preseruing not onelie the kings life; but also in
+obteining for him the victorie of his enimies, so that his aduersarie was slaine in
+the field.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">King Henrie in
+a quandare.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1495.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Sir William Stanleie beheaded.</div>
+
+<p>Wherefore desiring to be created earle of Chester, and therof denied, he began to
+disdeine the king. And one thing incouraged him much, which was the riches and
+treasure of king Richard, which he onlie possessed at the battell of Bosworth; by
+reason of which riches and great power of men, he set naught by the king his souereigne
+lord and maister. The king hauing thus an hole in his coat, doubted first what
+he should doo with him; for loth he was to lose the fauour of his brother the earle of
+Derbie: and againe to pardon him, he feared least it should be an euill example to
+other, that should go about to attempt the like offense. And so at length, seueritie
+got the vpper hand, &amp; mercie was put backe, in so much that he was arreigned at
+Westminster and adiudged to die, and (according to that iudgement) was brought
+to the Tower hill the sixt&eacute;enth daie of Februarie, and there had his head striken off.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Flem.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">S&eacute;e pag. 446.</div>
+
+<p>[This was the end of sir William Stanleie the chiefest helper of king Henrie to the
+crowne at Bosworth field against king Richard the third, and who set the same crowne
+first vpon the kings head, when it was found in the field trampled vnder f&eacute;et. He
+was a man (while he liued) of great power in his countrie, and also of great wealth:
+in somuch as the common fame ran, that there was in his castell of Holt found in
+readie coine, plate, and iewels, to the value of fortie thousand markes or more, and his
+land and f&eacute;es extended to thr&eacute;e thousand pounds by yeare. Neuerthelesse all helped
+not; neither his good seruice in Bosworth field, neither his forwardnesse (euen with
+the hazard of life) to prefer K. Henrie to the crowne, neither his faithfulnesse in cleauing
+to him at all brunts, neither the bond of aliance betwixt them, neither the power
+that he was able to make, neither the riches which he was worth, neither intercession
+of fr&eacute;ends, which he wanted not; none of these, nor all these could procure the redemption
+of his lost life:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">O fluxum decus hominum, &ocirc; variabile tempus.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Iohn Stow. pag. 969.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The king and qu&eacute;ene dine at sergeants feast kept at Elie palace.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A wonder to be noted in a corpse that laie long in the ground.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Rich. Grafton.</i></div>
+
+<p>&para; On the sixt&eacute;enth of Nouember was holden the sergeants feast at the bishops
+palace of Elie in Holborne, where dined the king, qu&eacute;ene, and all the chiefe lords of
+England. The new sergeants names were maister Mordant, Higham, Kingsmill, Conisbie,
+Butler, Yakesleie, Frowike, Oxenbridge, &amp; Constable. In digging for to laie a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_510" id="Page_510">[Pg 510]</a></span>
+new foundation in the church of saint Marie hill in London, the bodie of Alice Hackneie
+which had b&eacute;ene buried in the church the space of 175 yeares, was found whole
+of skinne, &amp; the ioints of hir armes pliable: which corpse was kept aboue ground
+foure daies without annoiance, and then buried againe. &para;Also this yeare (as maister
+Grafton saith) at the charges of maister Iohn Tate aldermman of London was the church of
+saint Anthonies founded, &amp; annexed vnto the college of Windsore, wherein was erected one
+notable and fr&eacute;e schoole to the furtherance of learning, and a number of poore people
+(by the name of almesmen, which were poore, aged, and decaied housholders) rel&eacute;eued,
+to the great commendation of that worthie man, who so liued in worship, that his
+death by his worthie dooings maketh him still aliue; for he was not forgetfull to beautifie
+the good state of this citie, in which by wealth he had tasted of Gods blesings.]</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 11.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Lord Daubenie the kings ch&eacute;efe chamberleine.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Sir Edward Poinings sent into Ireland with an armie.</div>
+
+<p>About this same time diuerse men were punished that had vpon a presumptuous
+boldnesse spoken manie slanderous words against the kings maiestie hoping still for
+the arriuall of the feigned Richard duke of Yorke. After the death of sir William
+Stanleie, Giles lord Daubeneie was elected and made the kings ch&eacute;efe chamberleine.
+Also, the K. sent into Ireland (to purge out the euill &amp; wicked s&eacute;eds of rebellion
+amongst the wild and sauage Irish people, sowed there by crafie conueiance of
+Perkin Warbecke) sir Henrie Deane, late abbat of Langtonie (whome he made chancellor
+of that Ile) &amp; sir Edward Poinings knight, with an armie of men. The fauourers
+of Perkin, hearing that sir Edward Poinings was come with a power to persecute
+them, withdrew streightwaies, and fled into the woods and marishes for the safegard
+of themselues.</p>
+
+<p>Sir Edward Poinings according to his commission, intending to punish such as had
+aided and aduanced the enterprise of Perkin, with his whole armie marched forward
+against the wild Irishmen, bicause that all other being culpable of that offense fled and
+resorted to them for succour. But when he saw that his purpose succ&eacute;eded not as he
+would haue wished it; both bicause the Irish lords sent him no succour according to
+their promises; and also for that his owne number was not sufficient to furnish his
+enterprise, bicause his enimies were dispersed amongst woods, mounteins, and marishes;
+he was constreined to recule backe, sore displeased in his mind against Gerald earle of
+Kildare, being then the kings deputie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Gerald earle of Kildare deputie of Ireland apprehended.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">King Henries
+progresse into
+Lancashire.</div>
+
+<p>Now the cause of this his discontentment was, for that the said earle was suspected
+to be the meane that he had no succours sent him, and was so informed in d&eacute;ed by
+such as bare the earle no good will. And therefore suddenlie he caused the earle to be
+apprehended, and as a prisoner brought him in his companie into England. Which
+earle being examined, and sundrie points of treason laid to him, he so auoided them all,
+&amp; laid the burthen in other mens necks, that he was dismissed, and sent into Ireland
+againe there to be deputie and lieutenant as he was before. The king being now in
+some better suertie of his estate, did take his progresse into Lancashire the fiue &amp;
+twentith daie of Iune, there to make merrie with his moother the countesse of Derbie,
+which then laie at Lathome in the countrie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin attempteth
+to land in
+Kent in hope of
+victorie.</div>
+
+<p>In this meane while Perkin Warbecke, being in Flanders, sore troubled that his
+juggling was discouered, yet he determined not to leaue off his enterprise, in hope at
+length to atteine the crowne of England: and so gathering a power of all nations,
+some bankrupts, some false English sanctuarie men, some th&eacute;eues, robbers, and vagabunds,
+which desiring to liue by rapine, were glad to serue him. And thus furnished,
+he took such ships as his fr&eacute;ends had prouided for him: and departing from Flanders
+towards England, he arriued vpon the Kentish coast, &amp; there cast anchor, purposing to
+prooue how the people there were affected towards him: and therefore he sent certeine
+of his men to land, to signifie to the countrie his arriuall with such power, that the
+victorie must incline to his part.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_511" id="Page_511">[Pg 511]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkins men discomfited.</div>
+
+<p>The Kentishmen vnderstanding that Perkin was but Perkin, and had none with him
+(to make account of) but strangers borne, like faithfull subiects determined to fall
+vpon those that were thus new come to land, and to trie if they might allure the
+whole number out of their ships, so to giue them battell. But Perkin wiselie considering
+that the maner of a multitude is not to consult, and sagelie to aduise with
+themselues in anie deliberate sort, but suddenlie and rashlie to run headlong into rebellion,
+would not set one foot out of his ship, vntill he saw all things sure. Yet he
+permitted some of his souldiers to go on land, which being trained foorth a pretie
+waie from their ships, were suddenlie compassed about and beset of the Kentishmen,
+and at one stroke vanquished and driuen backe to their ships.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkins capteins taken &amp; executed.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkins reculeth into Flanders.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The death of Cicilie duchesse of Yorke moother to Edward the fourth.</div>
+
+<p>Of these discomfited soules were taken prisoners an hundred and fortie persons,
+whereof fiue, Montfort, Corbet, White Belt, Quintin (or otherwise Genin) being capteins
+were brought to London by sir Iohn Pechie, shiriffe of Kent, railed in ropes like
+horsses drawing in a cart, &amp; after vpon their arreignment confessed their offense, and
+were executed, some at London, and other in the townes adioining to the sea coast.
+And thus Perkin, missing of his purpose, fled backe into Flanders. In this verie season
+departed to God Cicilie duchesse of Yorke moother to king Edward the fourth,
+at hir castell of Berkhamst&eacute;ed, a woman of small stature, but of much honour and
+high parentage, and was buried by hir husband in the college of Fodringeie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Sir Richard Gilford.</div>
+
+<p>The king being aduertised that his enimies were landed, leauing off his progresse,
+purposed to haue returned to London; but being certified the next day of the luckie
+sp&eacute;ed of his faithfull subiects, continued his progresse, &amp; did send sir Richard Gilford
+both to commend the fidelitie and manhood of the Kentishmen, and also to render to
+them most hartie thanks for the same. He also caused order to be taken for the
+erecting of beacons, and watching of them. Perkin then perceiuing that he should
+not be receiued into England, sailed into Ireland, trusting there to augment his numbers,
+and then to returne towards the coast of England againe, and to take land in the
+West countrie, if occasion serued; but if not, then he determined to saile streight
+into Scotland, to s&eacute;eke fr&eacute;endship there.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin saileth into Ireland and is in sundrie opinions.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Katharine daughter to the earle of Huntleie maried to Perkin.</div>
+
+<p>After, he had therefore staid a while in Ireland, and perceiued that the hope of
+victorie consisted not in the Irish nation, being naked people, without furniture of
+armour or weapon, he tooke the sea againe at Corffe, and sailed into Scotland; where
+comming to the presence of king Iames, he forged such a painted processe to mooue
+him to bel&eacute;eue that he was the verie sonne of king Edward: that the Scotish king,
+whether blinded with errour, or vsing dissimulation, that he might vnder a colourable
+pretext make war against England, began to haue Perkin in great honour, and caused
+him openlie to be called duke of Yorke. And to persuade the world that so he was
+ind&eacute;ed, he caused the ladie Catharine, daughter to Alexander earle of Huntleie, his
+nigh kinsman, to be espoused to him. [But yer we passe anie further, you shall s&eacute;e
+and peruse (if you will) the said painted processe of Perkin, as it is left in record by
+Edward Hall for an example what working force is in words (speciallie where the
+hearers are easie to be seduced) and not to be ouer hastie to giue them too quicke &amp;
+hastie credit. For the poet saith of gaie words void of truth:</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>M. Pal. in Virg.</i></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Verba nitent phaleris, at nullas verba medullis<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Intus habent.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+
+<h2>The colourable oration or counterfeit tale that Perkin told the king of Scots to
+iustifie his false title.</h2>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Flem. ex Edw. Hall, fol.</i> xxxviij, xxxix.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_512" id="Page_512">[Pg 512]</a></span></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin saith that he is Edward the fourths lawfull sonne.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin telleth
+the king how he
+was preserued
+and kept alive.</div>
+
+<p>I thinke it is not vnknowne vnto you (most noble king and puissant prince) into
+what ruine the stocke house, and familie of Edward the fourth, of that name king of
+England, is now of late brought to and fallen in, either by Gods permission, or by
+diuine punishment; whose indubitate sonne (if you know not alreadie) I am, and by
+the power of almightie God, preserued aliue to this houre from the mightie hand of a
+tyrant. For my father king Edward (when he died) appointed his brother Richard
+duke of Glocester to be our gouernour, protector, and defendor; whome the more
+that he loued &amp; studied to aduance and promote, the better he thought that he would
+loue, fauour, and tender his children. But alas my vnfortunate chance I may say!
+how hath his trust b&eacute;ene turned into treason, and his hope into hinderance, all men
+know and I f&eacute;ele. Our vncle was not the tutor and preseruer of our stocke and linage,
+but the confounder &amp; destroier of our bloud and progenie. For that tyrant, blinded
+and glutted with the desire of ruling and souereigntie, commanded Edward my brother
+&amp; me to be slaine and dispatched out of this mortall life. Wherevpon that person,
+to whome the weightie and cruell charge was commited and giuen to oppresse and
+destroie vs poore innocent infants, and giltlesse babes, the more that he abhorred this
+heinous and butcherlie offense, the more he feared to commit it.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin calleth
+the ladie Margaret
+duchesse
+of Burgognie
+his owne aunt.</div>
+
+<p>And so wauering in mind and doubtfull what to doo, at the length willing in part to
+stanch the bloudie thirst of the vnnaturall tyrant, and in part to absteine from so heinous &amp;
+detestable homicide, he destroied my brother and preserued me; like the good pr&eacute;est
+Ioiada, who saued little Ioas, when all the children of the bloud roiall were commanded
+by Athalia the qu&eacute;ene to be slaine and vtterlie destroied. And further, to the intent
+that my life might be in suertie, he appointed one to conueie me into some strange
+countrie; where when I was furthest off, and had most n&eacute;ed of comfort he forsooke
+me suddenlie (I thinke he was so appointed to doo) and left me desolate alone without
+fr&eacute;end or knowlege of anie rel&eacute;efe or refuge. And so king Richard did obteine the
+crowne as a preie misch&eacute;efouslie gotten by the dispatching awaie of my brother and
+me. So that I thus escaping, by reason of my tender infancie, forgat almost my selfe,
+and knew not well what I was. But after long wandering from countrie to countrie,
+and from citie to citie, I perceiued and learned by little and little what was my estate &amp; degr&eacute;e;
+and so in conclusion came to mine owne aunt the ladie Margaret lieng in Flanders,
+which was sometime married to Charles duke of Burgognie, which as ioifullie receiued
+and welcomed me, as if I had come out of hell into heauen, as the onelie type and
+garland of hir noble stirpe and linage. But forsomuch as she being onelie Dowager
+of the duchie of Burgognie, and hauing nothing but hir dowrie proper to hir selfe, was
+not of power to helpe me with men and munitions of warre, as she would gladlie haue
+doone for the recouerie of my fathers relme &amp; rightfull inheritance: I therefore am
+driuen to s&eacute;eke further aid and succour.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin craueth aid of the Scotish king
+toward the recouerie of the crowne of England from king Henrie the seuenth.</div>
+
+<p>And therefore by hir counsell and aduertisement, with this small handfull of men
+of warre and souldiers, I am repaired to your presence for succours; of whome (as the
+publike fame is spred ouer the whole world) there was neuer man by wrong or iniurie
+chased or driuen out of his couutrie, region, or inheritance, or by extort power and
+tyrannie kept out of the same (as I my selfe from mine infancie haue b&eacute;ene) whose request
+was frustrate and denied at your hand. Therefore, by the maiestie of your
+realme &amp; countrie I desire, &amp; heartilie with praier as I can, I bes&eacute;ech and exhort you
+to helpe and rel&eacute;eue me now in my extreame necessitie. And if it chance me by your
+aid and succour to recouer &amp; possesse my father's realme and dignitie; not onelie I,
+but all the kings of our linage, which hereafter shall obteine the same, shall be so
+much obliged and bound vnto to you; that they must n&eacute;eds thinke, that dooing to you
+all the pleasure and benefits that they can, yet with all thanks that can be giuen your
+great kindnesse can neuer in full measure be recompensed.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<div class="sidenote">1496.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The Scotish king
+inuadeth Engl&#257;d
+with a great
+armie in Perkin
+his behalfe.</div>
+
+<p>When he had thus said, the king bad him be of good comfort, and promised him<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_513" id="Page_513">[Pg 513]</a></span>
+that whatsoeuer he were, it should neuer repent of his comming to him.] Shortlie
+after, hauing this Perkin with him in companie, he entered into England with a
+puissant armie, and caused proclamation to be made, to spare all those that would
+submit themselues vnto Richard duke of Yorke. Herewith they began the warre in
+most cruell maner, with slaughter of men, burning of townes, spoiling of houses,
+and committing of all other detestable enormities; so that all the countrie of
+Northumberland was by them in maner wasted, and destroied. At length, when the
+souldiers were laden with spoiles, and saciate with bloud, perceiuing that no succoures
+came out of England vnto the new inuented duke, contrarie to that which he had
+made them to bel&eacute;eue would come to passe; they determined to retire rather with
+assured gaine, than to tarrie the vncertaine victorie of that counterfeit duke, and
+so therevpon they withdrew backe into Scotland inriched with preies and
+booties.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The counterfeit
+compassion of
+Perkin.</div>
+
+<p>It is said, that Perkin Warbecke, being returned into Scotland with the king of
+Scots, vnder a cloked pretense should sore lament the great slaughter, spoile, and
+damage, which had b&eacute;ene doone at this last roade made into England; and therefore
+as one that bare a naturall loue toward his natiue countrie, besought the king of Scots,
+that from thensefoorth, he would no more so deface his naturall relme, and destroie
+his subiects with such terrible fire, flame and hauocke; as who should saie, he being
+ouercome now with compassion, did bewaile the cruell destruction of his natural
+countrie of England. But the Scotish K. told him, that he s&eacute;emed to take thought
+for that which appeared to be none of his, sith that not so much as one gentleman
+or yeoman (for ought he could s&eacute;e) would once shew themselues readie to aid him
+in the warre begun for his cause, and in his name, within that realme which he
+pretended so cl&eacute;erelie to apperteine to him.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 12.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A parlement of
+the thr&eacute;e estates
+of the realme.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A subsidie.</div>
+
+<p>The king of England being certified of this inuasion, prepared an armie with all
+diligence to have resisted the Scots: but they were returned yer the English power
+could assemble togither. Now when the king was truelie certified that the Scotish
+king was returned home, he staied all the preparations made at that time to go
+against him. But yet meaning to be reuenged of the wrongs doone to him by king
+Iames and his people; he first called a parlement, and in that assemblie of thr&eacute;e
+estates of the realme, he declared the cause of the instant warre, and how necessarie
+it should be for the suertie and wealth of the realme of England to haue that warre,
+pursued against those enimies that had begun it. To this motion all the nobilitie
+wholie agr&eacute;ed. And to the maintenance of that warre, a subsidie was by whole
+assent of the parlement fr&eacute;elie giuen and granted. Which paiment though it
+was not great, yet manie of the common people sore grudged to pay the same,
+as they that euer abhorre such taxes and exactions. At the same parlement were
+diuerse acts and statutes made, necessarie &amp; expedient (as was thought) for the
+publike weale of the realme.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1497.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The king of England and Scotl&#257;d prepare for mutuall warre.</div>
+
+<p>In the meane season the king of Scots, perceiuing that the Englishmen would
+shortlie go about to reuenge the injuries doone to them by him and his people,
+assembled eftsoones a puissant armie, that he might either defend his realme against
+the English power, attempting to inuade his countrie, or else afresh to enter into the
+English borders. And thus these two mightie princes minded nothing more than the
+one to indamage the other. But the king of England would not deferre one houre
+by (his good will) till he were reuenged, and therefore prepared a mightie armie to
+inuade Scotland, and ordeined for ch&eacute;efteine thereof the lord Daubeneie. But as this
+armie was assembled, and that the lord Daubenie was forward on his iournie towards
+Scotland, he was suddenlie staid and called backe againe, by reason of a new
+commotion begun by the Cornishmen for the paiment of the subsidie which was
+granted at the last parlement.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_514" id="Page_514">[Pg 514]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A rebellion in
+Cornewall for
+the paiment of
+a subsidie.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The two capteins
+in this commotion.</div>
+
+<p>These vnrulie people the Cornishmen, inhabiting in a barren countrie and vnfruitfull,
+at the first sore repined that they should be so gr&eacute;euouslie taxed, and burdened the
+kings councell as the onelie cause of such polling and pilling: and so being in their
+rage, menaced the ch&eacute;efe authors with death and present destruction. And thus
+being in a rore, two persons of the affinitie, the one called Thomas Flammocke, a gentleman,
+learned in the lawes of the realme; and the other Michael Ioseph, a smith,
+men of stout stomachs and high courages, tooke vpon them to be capteins of this
+seditious companie. They laid the fault and cause of this exaction vnto Iohn
+Morton, archbishop of Canturburie, and to sir Reginald Braie; bicause they were
+ch&eacute;efe of the kings councell. Such rewards haue they commonlie that be in great
+authoritie with kings and princes.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The prouost of
+Perin slaine by
+the rebels.</div>
+
+<p>The capteins Flammocke and Ioseph exhorted the common people to put on
+harnesse, and not to be afeard to follow them in that quarrell, promising not to hurt
+anie creature, but onelie to s&eacute;e them punished that procured such exactions to be
+laid on the people, without anie reasonable cause, as vnder the colour of a little
+trouble with the Scots, which (sith they were withdrawne home) they tooke to be
+well quieted and appeased. So these capteins bent on misch&eacute;efe, (were their outward
+pretense neuer so finelie coloured) yet persuaded a great number of people to assemble
+togither, and condescended to do as their capteins would agr&eacute;e and appoint. Then
+these capteins praising much the hardines of the people, when all things were readie
+for their infortunate iournie, set forward with their armie, and came to Taunton,
+where they slue the prouost of Perin, which was one of the commissioners of the
+subsidie, and from thence came to Welles, so intending to go to London, where the
+king then soiourned.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Thomas Howard
+earle of Surrie
+high treasuror
+of England.</div>
+
+<p>When the king was aduertised of these dooings, he was somewhat astonied, and
+not without cause; being thus troubled with the warre against the Scots, and this
+ciuill commotion of his subiects at one instant. But first meaning to subdue his
+rebellious subiects; and after to proc&eacute;ed against the Scots, as occasion should serue,
+he reuoked the lord Daubenie which (as you haue heard) was going against the
+Scots, and increased his armie with manie chosen and piked warriors. Also mistrusting
+that the Scots might now (hauing such opportunitie) inuade the relme againe;
+he appointed the lord Th. Howard erle of Surrie (which after the death of the lord
+Dinham was made high treasuror of England) to gather a band of men in the
+countie Palatine of Durham, that they with the aid of the inhabitants adioining,
+and the borderers, might k&eacute;epe backe the Scots if they chanced to make anie inuasion.
+The nobles of the realme hearing of the rebellion of the Cornishmen, came to London,
+euerie man with as manie men of warre as they could put in a readinesse, to aid the
+king if n&eacute;ed should be. In the which number were the earle of Essex, and the lord
+Montioy, with diuerse other.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Iames Twichet
+lord Audelie
+ch&eacute;efe capteine
+of the Cornish
+rebels.</div>
+
+<p>In the meane time, Iames Twichet lord Audeleie being confederate with the rebels
+of Cornewall ioined with them, being come to Welles, and tooke vpon him as their
+ch&eacute;efe capteine to lead them against their naturall lord and king. From Welles they
+went to Salisburie, and from thence to Winchester, and so to Kent, where they
+hoped to haue had great aid, but they were deceiued in that their expectation. For the
+erle of Kent, George lord of Aburgauenie, Iohn Brooke, lord Cobham, sir Edward Poinings,
+sir Richard Gilford, sir Thomas Bourchier, Iohn Peche, William Scot, and a
+great number of people, were not onelie prest and readie to defend the countrie,
+to k&eacute;epe the people in due obedience, but bent to fight with such as would lift vp
+sword, or other weapon against their souereigne lord: insomuch that the Kentishmen
+would not once come n&eacute;ere the Cornishmen, to aid or assist them in anie maner
+of wise.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_515" id="Page_515">[Pg 515]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Manie of the
+Cornishmen
+take their h&eacute;els
+by night.</div>
+
+<p>Which thing maruelouslie dismaid the hearts of the Cornishmen, when they saw
+themselues thus deceiued of the succours which they most trusted vpon, so that
+manie of them (fearing the euill chance that might happen) fled in the night from
+their companie, and left them, in hope so to saue themselues. The capteines of the
+rebels, perceiuing they could haue no helpe of the Kentishmen, putting their onelie hope
+in their owne puissance, brought their people to Blacke heath, a foure miles distant
+from London, and there in a plaine on the top of an hill, they ordered their battels,
+either readie to fight with the king if he would assail them, or else assault the citie of
+London: for they thought the king durst not have encountered with them in battell.
+But they were deceiued: for the king although he had power inough about to haue fought
+with them before their comming so n&eacute;ere to the citie; yet he thought it best to suffer
+them to come forward, till he had them farre off from their natiue countrie, and then
+to set vpon them being destitute of aid in some place of aduantage.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The citie of
+London sore
+afraid of the
+rebels.</div>
+
+<p>The citie was in a great feare at the first knowledge giuen, how the rebels were so
+n&eacute;ere incamped to the citie, euerie man getting himselfe to harnesse, and placing themselues,
+some at the gates, some on the walles, so that no part was vndefended.
+But the king deliuered the citie of that feare: for after that he perceiued how the
+Cornishmen were all daie readie to fight, and that on the hill; he sent straight Iohn
+Earle of Oxenford, Henrie Bourchier, earle of Essex, Edmund de la Poole, earle of
+Suffolke, sir Rise ap Thomas, and sir Humfreie Stanleie, noble warriors, with a great
+companie of archers and horssemen, to enuiron the hill on the right side, and on the
+left, to the intent that all bywaies being stopped and foreclosed, all hope of flight
+should be taken from them. And incontinentlie he himselfe, being as well incouraged
+with manlie stomachs as furnished with a populous armie and plentie of artillerie, set
+forward out of the citie, and incamped himselfe in saint Georges field, where he on
+the fridaie at night then lodged.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Blackheath field.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Thr&eacute;e hundred
+slaine, &amp; a
+thousand fiue
+hundred taken
+prisoners, as
+Iohn Stow
+saith.</div>
+
+<p>On the saturdaie in the morning, he sent the lord Daubeneie with a great companie
+to set on them earlie in the morning, which first got the bridge at Dertford Strand, which
+was manfullie defended by certeine archers of the rebels, whose arrows (as is reported)
+were in length a full cloth yard. While the earles set on them on euerie side, the lord
+Daubenie came into the field with his companie, and without long fighting, the Cornishmen
+were ouercome; and first they tooke the lord Daubenie prisoner: but whether it were
+for feare, or for hope of fauour, they let him go at libertie, without hurt or detriment.
+There were slaine of the rebels which fought and resisted, aboue two thousand men
+(as Edward Hall noteth) and taken prisoners an infinite number, &amp; amongst them the
+blacke smith, and other the ch&eacute;efe capteins, which were shortlie after put to death.
+When this battel was ended, the king wanted of all his numbers but thr&eacute;e hundred,
+which were slaine at that conflict.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Iames lord Audelie
+ignominiouslie
+drawne
+to execution and
+beheaded.</div>
+
+<p>Some affirme, that the king appointed to haue fought with them not till the mondaie,
+and preuenting the time set on them on the saturdaie before, taking them vnprouided,
+and in no arraie of battell; and so by that policie obteined the field and victorie. The
+prisoners as well capteins as other, were pardoned, sauing the ch&eacute;efe capteins and
+first beginners, to whome he shewed no mercie at all. The lord Audeleie was drawne
+from Newgate to the Tower-hill in a coate of his own armes, painted vpon paper
+reuersed and all torne, and there was beheaded the foure and twentith of Iune.
+Thomas Flammocke &amp; Michael Ioseph were hanged, drawne, and quartered after the
+maner of traitors, &amp; their heads and quarters were pitched vpon stakes, and set vp in
+London, and in other places: although at the first, the king meant to haue sent
+them into Cornewall, to haue b&eacute;ene set vp there for a terror to all others. But
+hearing that the Cornishmen at home were readie to begin a new conspiracie, least he
+should the more irritate and prouoke them by that displeasant sight, he changed his
+purpose, for doubt to wrap himselfe in more trouble than n&eacute;eded.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_516" id="Page_516">[Pg 516]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 13.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The Scots invade
+the English
+borders.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Fox bishop of
+Durham owner
+of Norham
+castell.</div>
+
+<p>While these things were adooing in England, the king of Scots being aduertised of the
+whole matter and rebellion of the Cornishmen, thought not to let passe that occasion:
+and therefore he eftsoones inuaded the frontiers of England, wasting the countrie,
+burning townes, and murthering the people, spareing neither place nor person: and
+while his light horsmen were riding to forraie and destroie the bishoprike of Durham,
+and there burned all about, he with an other part of his armie did besiege the castell
+of Norham. The bishop of Durham Richard Fox, being owner of that castell, had
+well furnished it both with men and munitions aforehand, doubting least that would
+follow which came now to passe. The bishop, after that the Scots made this inuasion,
+aduertised the king (as then being at London) of all things that chanced in the
+North parts; and sent in all post hast to the earle of Surrie, to come to the rescue.
+The earle being then in Yorkeshire, and hauing gathered an armie, vpon knowledge
+giuen to him from the bishop, with all diligence marched forward, and after him
+followed other noble men out of all the quarters of the North, euerie of them bringing
+as manie men as they could gather, for defense of their countrie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">What lords &amp;
+knights with
+their companies
+went to the
+rescue of the
+castell against
+the Scots.</div>
+
+<p>Amongst these, the ch&eacute;efe leaders were, Rafe earle of Westmerland, Thomas lord
+Dacres, Rafe lord Neuill, George lord Strange, Richard lord Latimer, George lord
+Lumleie, Iohn lord Scroope, Henrie lord Clifford, George lord Ogle, William lord
+Coniers, Thomas lord Darcie. Of knights, Thomas baron of Hilton, sir William
+Persie, sir William Bulmer, sir William Gascoigne, sir Rafe Bigod, sir Rafe Bowes,
+sir Thomas a Parre, sir Rafe Ellecker, sir Iohn Constable, sir Iohn Ratcliffe, sir Iohn
+Sauill, sir Thomas Strangweis, and a great number of other knights and esquiers
+besides. The whole armie was little lesse than twentie thousand men, beside the
+nauie, whereof the lord Brooke was admerall.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The earle of
+Surreie entreth
+Scotland defacing
+castels
+and towers.</div>
+
+<p>When the Scots had diuerse waies assaulted and beaten the castell of Norham, but
+could make no batterie to enter the same, they determined of their owne accord to
+raise the siege, and returne; and that so much the sooner in verie d&eacute;ed, bicause they
+heard that the earle of Surrie was within two daies iournie of them, with a great
+puissance. Wherefore king Iames raised his siege, and returned home into his owne
+realme. When the earle knew of the kings returne, he followed him with all hast
+possible, trusting suerlie to ouertake him, and to giue him battell. When the earle
+was entred Scotland, he ouerthrew and defaced the castell of Cawdestreimes, the
+tower of Hetenhall, the tower of Edington, the tower of Fulden: and he sent Norreie
+king at armes to the capteine of Haiton castell, which was one of the strongest places
+betwixt Berwike and Edenburgh, to deliuer him the castell. Which he denied to doo,
+affirming that he was sure of sp&eacute;edie succours.</p>
+
+<p>The earle h&eacute;erevpon laid his ordinance to the castell, and continuallie beat it, from
+two of the clocke till fiue at night, in such wise, that they within rendered vp
+the place, their liues onelie saued. The earle caused his minors to raise &amp; ouerthrow
+the fortresse to the plaine ground. The Scotish king was within a mile of the siege,
+and both knew it, and saw the smoke, but would not set one foot forward to the
+rescue. While the erle laie at Haiton, the king of Scots sent to him Machemont,
+and an other herald, desiring him at his election, either to fight with whole puissance
+against puissance, or else they two to fight person to person; requiring that if the
+victorie fell to the Scotish king, that then the earle should deliuer for his ransome, the
+towne of Berwike, with the fishgarths of the same.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The valiant
+hart of the erle
+of Surrie reioising
+at his
+hap likelie to
+fight hand to
+hand with the
+K. of Scots.</div>
+
+<p>The earle made answer hereto, that the towne of Berwike was the king his maisters,
+and not his, the which he neither ought nor would laie to pledge, without the king of
+Englands assent; but he would gage his bodie, which was more pretious to him than
+all the townes of the world, promising on his honour, that if he tooke the king prisoner
+in that singular combat, he would release to him all his part of the fine and
+ransome; and if it chanced the king to vanquish him, he would gladlie paie such ransome<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_517" id="Page_517">[Pg 517]</a></span>
+as was conuenient for the degr&eacute;e of an earle, and thanked him greatlie for the
+offer: for suerlie he thought himselfe much honored, that so noble a prince would
+vouchsafe to admit so poore an earle to fight with him bodie to bodie. When he had
+rewarded and dismissed the heralds, he set his armie in a readinesse, to abide the comming
+of the king of Scots, and so stood all daie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An ambassadour
+from the K. of
+Spaine to treat
+a peace betwixt
+England and
+Scotland.</div>
+
+<p>But king Iames not regarding his offers, would neither performe the one nor the
+other; fearing to cope with the English nation in anie condition; and so therevpon
+fled in the night season with all his puissance. When the earle knew that the king
+was reculed, and had b&eacute;ene in Scotland six or seuen daies, being dailie and nightlie
+vexed with continuall wind and raine, vpon good and deliberate aduise returned backe
+to the towne of Berwike, and there dissolued his armie, tarieng there himselfe, till he
+might vnderstand further of the kings pleasure. In the meane time there came an
+ambassadour to the K. of Scots from the K. of Spaine, one Peter Hialas, a man of no
+lesse learning than wit &amp; policie, to mooue and intret a peace betw&eacute;ene the two kings
+of England &amp; Scotland [that their people might fall to their necessarie trades of aduantage
+with quietnesse, and friend with friend, husband with wife, father with children,
+and maisters with seruants dwell and accompanie: a dissolution and separation
+of whom one from another is procured by bloudie warre, wherein as there is no pitie,
+so is there is no pietie, as one saith full trulie:</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Luc. Lib. 10.</i></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Nulla fides piet&aacute;sque viris qui castra sequuntur,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nulla salus bello.]<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>This Spanish ambassadour so earnestlie trauelled in his message vnto the king of
+Scots, that at length he found him conformable to his purpose: and therefore wrote
+to the king of England, that it would please him to send one of his nobilitie or councell,
+to be associat with him in concluding of peace with the Scotish king. The king
+of England was neuer dangerous to agr&eacute;e to anie reasonable peace, so it might stand
+with his honour; and therefore appointed the bishop of Durham doctor Fox, to go
+into Scotland about that treatie which Peter Hialas had begun. The bishop (according
+to his commission) went honorablie into Scotland, where he and Peter Hialas at
+the towne of Iedworth, after long arguing and debating of matters with the Scotish
+commissioners, in st&eacute;ed of peace concluded a truce for certeine yeares; vpon condition,
+that Iames king of Scots should conueie Perkin Warbecke out of his realme,
+seigniories, and dominions.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The English
+merchants receiued
+into
+Antwerpe with
+generall procession.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin is faine
+to packe out of
+Scotland.</div>
+
+<p>About the same time, king Henrie receiued the ambassadors that were sent to him
+from the French king, and had b&eacute;ene staied at Douer, till the Cornish rebels were
+vanquished and subdued. Also the lord of Camphire, and other oratours of Philip
+archduke of Austrich, and duke of Burgognie came to him for the conclusion of
+amitie, and to haue the English merchants to resort againe to their countrie. Which
+request being verie agr&eacute;eable to the quietnesse and wealth of his realme, and especiallie
+at that time, he did fauorablie grant and agr&eacute;e vnto. And so did the Englishmen
+resort againe into the archdukes dominions, and were receiued into Antwerpe
+with generall procession: so glad was that towne of their returne. Shortlie after the
+concluding of the truce betw&eacute;ene England and Scotland, Perkin Warbecke being
+willed of the king of Scots to depart out of the Scotish dominions, sailed with his
+wife and familie into Ireland, there determining with himselfe either to repaire into
+Flanders to his first setter vp the duches of Burgognie, or else ioine and take part
+with the Cornishmen.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin Warbecke
+arriueth
+in Cornewall.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Another rebellion
+by the Cornishmen.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkins thr&eacute;e
+councellors.</div>
+
+<p>But howsoeuer it came to passe, whilest he laie in Ireland, he had knowledge from
+the Cornishmen, that they were readie to renew the warre againe. Wherevpon he
+minding not to let passe so faire an occasion, hauing with him foure small ships, and
+not aboue six score men, sailed into Cornewall; and there landed in the moneth of
+September, and came to a towne called Bodman, and there did so prouoke the wauering<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_518" id="Page_518">[Pg 518]</a></span>
+people, what with faire words and large promises, that he gathered to him aboue
+thr&eacute;e thousand persons, which immediatlie called him their capteine, promising to
+take his part, and follow him to the death. Then Perkin well incouraged, made proclamations
+in the name of king Richard the fourth, as sonne to king Edward the
+fourth. And by the aduise of his thr&eacute;e councellors, Iohn Heron mercer a bankrupt,
+Richard Skelton a tailor, and Iohn Astelie a scriuener determined first of all to assaie
+the winning of Excester.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Excester assaulted
+by Perkin
+&amp; the Cornishmen.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The citie of Excester
+preserued
+from fire by fire.</div>
+
+<p>Then hasting thither, he laid siege to it, and wanting ordinance to make batterie,
+studied all waies possible how to breake the gates, and what with casting of stones,
+heauing with iron barres, and kindling of fire vnder the gates, he omitted nothing
+that could be deuised for the furtherance of his purpose. The citizens, perceiuing in
+what danger they stood, first let certeine messengers downe by cords ouer the wall,
+that might certifie the king of their necessitie &amp; trouble. And herewith taking vnto
+them boldnenesse of courage, determined to repell fire with fire, and caused fagots to
+be brought and laied to the inward parts of the gates, and set them all on fire; to the
+intent that the fire being inflamed on both sides the gates, might as well k&eacute;epe out their
+enimies from entring, as shut in the citizens from fl&eacute;eing out, and that they in the
+meane season might make trenches and rampiers to defend their enimies in st&eacute;ed of
+gates and bulworks. Thus by fire was the citie preserued from fire.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The king maketh
+out his power
+against Perkin.</div>
+
+<p>Then Perkin of verie necessitie compelled to forsake the gates, assaulted the towne
+in diuerse weake and vnfortified places, and set vp ladders to take the citie. But the
+citizens, with helpe of such as were come foorth of the countrie adioining to their aid,
+so valiantlie defended the walles, that they slue aboue two hundred of Perkins souldiers
+at that assault. The king hauing aduertisement of this siege of Excester, hasted
+foorth with his host, in as much sp&eacute;ed as was possible, and sent the lord Daubeneie
+with certeine bands of light horssemen before, to aduertise all men of his comming at
+hand. But in the meane season, the lord Edward Courtneie earle of Deuonshire, and
+the valiant lord William his sonne, accompanied with sir Edmund Carew, sir Thomas
+Trenchard, sir William Courtneie, sir Thomas Fulford, sir Iohn Halewell, sir Iohn
+Croker, Water Courtnie, Peter Edgecombe, William saint Maure, with all sp&eacute;ed came
+into the citie of Excester, and holpe the citizens, and at the last assault was the earle
+hurt in the arme with an arrow, and so were manie of his companie, but verie few
+slaine.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Edward the
+yoong duke of
+Buckingham
+and his companie
+ioine with the
+king.</div>
+
+<p>When Perkin saw that he could not win the citie of Excester, sith he sawe it was
+so well fortified both with men and munitions, he departed from thence, and went
+vnto Taunton, and there the twentith day of September he mustered his men; as
+though he were readie to giue battell: but perceiuing his number to be minished, by
+the secret withdrawing of sundrie companies from him, he began to put mistrust in
+all the remnant. In d&eacute;ed when the people that followed him, in hope that no small
+number of the nobilitie would ioine with him, saw no such matter come to passe, they
+stale awaie from him by secret companies. When the king heard that he was gone to
+Taunton, he followed after him with all sp&eacute;ed. And by the way there came to him
+Edward duke of Buckingham, a yoong prince of great towardnesse; and him followed
+a great companie of noble men, knights and esquiers, as sir Alexander Bainam, sir
+Maurice Barkleie, sir Robert Tame, sir Iohn Guise, sir Robert Pointz, sir Henrie
+Vernon, sir Iohn Mortimer, sir Thomas Tremaile, sir Edward Sutton, sir Amise
+Paulet, sir Iohn Birkneill, sir Iohn Sapcotes, sir Hugh Lutterell, sir Francis Cheinie,
+and diuerse other.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_519" id="Page_519">[Pg 519]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin fl&eacute;eth and
+taketh Beaudlie
+sanctuarie.</div>
+
+<p>At the kings approching to the towne of Taunton, he set before him Robert lord
+Brooke lord steward of his house, Giles lord Daubeneie his chiefe chamberleine, and
+sir Rice ap Thomas. But as soone as Perkin was informed that his enimies were
+readie to giue him battell, he that nothing lesse minded than to fight in open field with
+the kings puissance, dissembled all the daie time with his companie, as though nothing
+could make him afraid: and about midnight, accompanied with thr&eacute;e score horssemen,
+he departed from Taunton in post to a sanctuarie towne beside Southampton,
+called Beaudlie, &amp; there he and Iohn Heron with other registred themselues as persons
+priuileged. When as king Henrie knew that Perkin was thus fled, he sent after him
+the lord Daubeneie with fiue hundred horssemen toward the sea side, to apprehend
+him before he should get away. Although Perkin escaped (as I haue said) vnto
+sanctuarie, yet manie of his chiefe capteins were taken and presented to the king.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The beautifull
+ladie Katharine
+(Perkins wife)
+presented to the
+king.</div>
+
+<p>Also the horssemen that were sent, without anie stop or staie came to saint Michaels
+mount, and there (as chance was) found the ladie Katharine Gordon wife to Perkin,
+and brought hir streight to the king. At whose beautie and amiable countenance the
+king much maruelled, and thought hir a preie more m&eacute;et for a prince, than for the
+meane souldiers, and sent hir incontinentlie vnto London to the qu&eacute;ene, accompanied
+with a sort of sage matrones and gentlewomen, bicause she was but yoong. The
+common people that had followed Perkin, after that their ch&eacute;efeteine was fled, threw
+awaie their armour as people amazed, and submitted themselues to the king, humblie
+bes&eacute;eching him of mercie, which he most gentlie granted, and receiued them to his
+fauour. After this the king road to Excester, and there not onelie commended the
+citizens, but also hartilie thanked them for dooing so well their duties in defending
+their citie from their enimies. He also put there to execution diuerse Cornishmen,
+which were the authors and principall beginners of this new conspiracie and insurrection.
+Neuerthelesse, he vsed maruellous clemencie also in pardoning a great number
+of the rebels.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Iohn Hooker, alias Vowell.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">All Perkins
+partakers in
+their shirts
+with halters
+about their
+necks appeare
+before the king.</div>
+
+<p>&para; For when king Henrie was come to Excester with a great armie, mooued therevnto
+(as you haue heard) by reason of the rebellion of Perkin Warbecke, who was
+fled before the kings comming, he staied a few daies about the examination of the said
+rebellion, and the executing of the chiefe and principall capteins. In the end, the
+multitude of the offendors being great, and most humblie crauiug for pardon, the
+king caused them all to be assembled in the churchyard of saint Peters, where they
+all appeared bare headed, in their shirts, and with halters about their necks. His
+grace was then lodged in the treasurors house, lieng fast vpon the churchyard, and
+out of a faire and large window (made for the purpose) he tooke the view of them,
+who shouted and cried out for pardon. At length, when the king had paused, h&eacute;e
+made a speach vnto them, exhorting them to obedience, and in hope he should thencefoorth
+find them dutifull, he pardoned them all: whereat they all made a great shout,
+gaue the king thanks, and hurled awaie their halters. Yet neuerthelesse, some
+returned againe, and ioined themselues with the Cornish people, which had not all
+submitted themselues, nor sought for pardon.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin in
+sanctuarie assaulted.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin submitteth
+himselfe to
+the king, and is
+streictlie
+s&eacute;ene to.</div>
+
+<p>Now while he remained at Excester, he considered with himselfe, that he had
+doone nothing, if he could not get into his hands the chiefe head of this trouble and
+seditious businesse. Wherefore he caused the sanctuarie wherein Perkin was inclosed,
+to be inuironed with two bands of light horssemen, to watch diligentlie, that Perkin should
+not escape by anie meanes foorth of that place vntaken: and withall attempted by
+faire promises of pardon and forgiuenes, if Perkin would submit himselfe to him and
+become his man. Perkin perceiuing himselfe so shut vp, that he could no waie escape,
+of his owne fr&eacute;e will came out of the sanctuarie, and committed himselfe to the kings
+pleasure. When the king had thus atchiued his purpose, he returned to London, and
+appointed certeine k&eacute;epers to attend on Perkin, which should not (the bredth of a
+maile) go from his person; least he should conueie himselfe by anie meanes out of
+the land [and set new troubles abroch by such practises as he had to fore vsed, for the
+aduancement of himselfe to the estate of a king, by assuming vnto himselfe the name
+of a kings sonne, when in d&eacute;ed h&eacute;e was come of base parentage. But Iacke will b<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_520" id="Page_520">[Pg 520]</a></span>&eacute;e
+a gentleman, the long eared asse will be taken for a leopard, &amp; the pelting pismire for
+a lion, as one saith:</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>M. Pal. in Virg.</i></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Nunc se asinus pardum vocat &amp; formica leonem.]<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">C&#333;missioners
+appointed for
+assessing of
+their fines that
+fauoured the
+Cornish rebels.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1498</div>
+
+<p>After this, the king caused inquiries to be made, of all such as had aided with men
+or monie the Cornish rebels, so that diuerse persons as well in Summersetshire as
+Deuonshire were detected of that offense, which he minded for example sake should
+tast some part of due punishments for their crimes, according to the qualitie thereof.
+And therefore he appointed Thomas lord Darcie, Amise Paulet knight, and Robert
+Sherborne deane of Poules (that was after bishop of Chichester) to be commissioners
+for assessing of their fines that were found culpable. These commissioners so bestirred
+themselues, in tossing the coffers and substance of all the inhabitants of both those
+shires, that there was not one person imbrued or spotted with the filth of that abhominable
+crime, that escaped the paine which he had deserued: but to such yet as
+offended rather by constreint than of malice, they were gentle and fauourable, so that
+equitie therein was verie well and iustlie executed.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex. I. S. pag. 872.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Gardens in
+Moore field
+laid wast to
+make archers
+game.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Price of haie
+doubled.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Sebastian
+Gabato his
+discouerie of
+an Iland of rich
+commodities.</div>
+
+<p>&para; In this yeare all the gardens which had b&eacute;ene continued time out of mind, without
+Moore gate of London, were destroied, and of them was made a plaine field for
+archers to shoot in. Also this y&eacute;ere was a great drought, by reason whereof a load
+of haie, which was before sold at London at fiue shillings, was this yeare sold for ten
+or twelue more. Also this yeare, one Sebastian Gabato, a Genoas sonne, borne in
+Bristow, professing himselfe to be expert in knowledge of the circuit of the world,
+and Islands of the same, as by his charts and other reasonable demonstrations he shewed,
+caused the king to man and vittell a ship at Bristow, to search for an Iland which he
+knew to be replenished with rich commodites. In the ship diuerse merchants of
+London aduentured small stocks, and in the companie of this ship sailed also out
+of Bristow thr&eacute;e or foure small ships fraight with slight and grosse wares, as course
+cloath, caps, lases, points, and such other.</p>
+
+<p>Sir Humfrie Gilbert knight, in his booke intituled, A discouerie for a new passage
+to Cataia, writeth thus; "Sebastian Gabato, by his personall experience and trauell, hath
+described and set foorth this passage in his charts, which are yet to be s&eacute;ene in the
+qu&eacute;enes maiesties priuie gallerie at White hall, who was sent to make this discouerie
+by king Henrie the seuenth, and entered the same fret, affirming that h&eacute;e sailed verie
+farre westward, with a quarter of the north, on the north side of terra de Labrador,
+the eleuenth of Iune, vntill he came to the septentrionall latitude of 67&frac12; degr&eacute;es, and
+finding the seas still open, said, that he might &amp; would haue gon to Cataia, if the
+emnitie of the maister and mariners had not b&eacute;ene." Neuerthelesse, he went verie
+farre, euen to a nation inhabited with people more like beasts than men, as appeareth
+in the yeare 1502, and the seuent&eacute;enth of this kings reigne, when the said traueller
+was returned, and presented himselfe to the kings maiestie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 14.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">England and
+Scotland liklie to
+go togither by
+the eares afresh.</div>
+
+<p>In this yeare the warre had like to haue b&eacute;ene reuiued betwixt the realmes of
+England and Scotland by a small occasion, as thus. Certeine yongmen of the Scots
+came arriued before Norham castell, &amp; beheld it woonderous circumspectlie, as though
+they would faine haue b&eacute;ene of counsell to know what was doone therein. The
+k&eacute;epers not perceiuing anie damage attempted against them for the first time, determined
+not to mooue anie question to them, or once to stirre out. But when they came
+againe the next day, and viewed it likewise, the k&eacute;epers of the castell suspecting
+some euill meaning, demanded of them what their intent was, and why they viewed
+and aduised so the castell. The Scots answered them roughlie with disdainfull words,
+so that the Englishmen fell to and replied with strokes; and after manie blowes giuen
+and receiued, diuerse Scots were wounded, and some slaine; and the residue ouermatched
+with multitude of the Englishmen, fled as fast as their horsses could carie
+them.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_521" id="Page_521">[Pg 521]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The Scotish king hereof aduertised, was highlie displeased, and in all hast signified
+to king Henrie by his herald Marchemont, in what sort his people (to the breach of
+the truce) were abused and handled. King Henrie being not in will to breake with
+anie of his neighbours, excused the matter, affirming that he was not of knowledge
+to the misdemeanor of those that had the castell in k&eacute;eping; requiring the king of
+Scots not to thinke the truce broken for anie thing doone without his consent; promising
+in the word of a king to inquire of the truth, and if the offense were found to
+be begun on the partie of the k&eacute;epers of the castell, he assured him that they should
+for no m&eacute;ed nor fauour escape due correction and punishment.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The bishop of
+Durham aswageth
+the kings
+displeasure by
+letters.</div>
+
+<p>This answer (though it was more than reasonable) could not pacifie the king of
+Scots, till the bishop of Durham (that was owner of the castell of Norham) who sore
+lamented, that by such as he appointed k&eacute;epers there, the warre should be renewed
+with sundrie letters written to the Scotish king, at length asswaged his displeasure,
+so that the said king wrote courteouslie to the bishop againe, signifieng that bicause
+he had manie secret things in his mind, which he would communicate onelie with him
+touching this matter now in variance; therefore he required him to take the paine to
+come into his countrie, trusting that he should thinke his labor well bestowed. The
+bishop was glad, and sent word hereof to the king his master, who willed him to
+accomplish the desire of the Scotish king, which he tooke to b&eacute;e reasonable.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The bishop of
+Durham goeth
+into Scotland.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The Scotish
+king desireth
+the ladie Margaret
+eldest
+daughter of K.
+Henrie the
+seuenth to be
+his wife.</div>
+
+<p>At his comming into Scotland, he was courteouslie receiued of the king himselfe
+at the abbeie of Melrosse. And there, after the king had (for a countenance) complained
+much of the vniust slaughter of his men late committed at Norham: vpon
+the bishops gentle answers thervnto, he forgaue the same, and after began to talke
+secretlie without witnesses alone with the bishop. And first he declared what iust
+causes mooued him in times past to s&eacute;eke amitie with the king of England: which
+now he desired much more to haue confirmed, for further maintenance &amp; increase
+thereof. Which he doubted not but should sort to a fortunate conclusion, if the king
+of England would vouchsafe to giue to him in matrimonie his first begotten daughter
+the ladie Margaret, vpon which point he purposed latelie to haue sent his ambassadors
+into England, which thing he would the sooner doo if he knew the bishops mind
+therein to b&eacute;e readie to further his sute. The bishop answered but few words sauing
+that when he were returned to the king his maister, he would doo the best in the
+matter that he could.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1499.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin Warbecke
+escapeth
+from his
+k&eacute;epers.</div>
+
+<p>When the bishop was returned into England, and come to the king, he declared to him
+all the communication had betw&eacute;ene king Iames and him, from point to point in
+order. The king liked well thereof as he to whome peace was euer a souereigne
+solace and comfort. In this meane time Perkin Warbecke, disappointed of all hope
+to escape out of the Englishmens hands (which was the onelie thing that he most
+desired) found meanes yet at length to deceiue his k&eacute;epers, &amp; took him to his h&eacute;els.
+But when he came to the sea coasts, and could not passe, he was in a maruellous
+perplexitie: for euerie by way, lane, and corner was laid for him, and such search
+made, that being brought to his wits end, and cut short of his pretensed iournie, he
+came to the house of Bethlem, called the priorie of Sh&eacute;ene beside Richmond in
+Southerie, and betooke himselfe to the prior of that monasterie, requiring him for
+the honour of God, to beg his pardon of life of the kings maiestie.</p>
+
+<p>The prior, which for the opinion that men had conceiued of his vertue, was had in
+great estimation, pitieng the wretched state of that caitife, came to the king, and
+shewed him of this Perkin, whose pardon he humblie craued, and had it as fr&eacute;elie
+granted. Incontinentlie after was Perkin brought to the court againe at Westminster,
+and was one day set fettered in a paire of stocks, before the doore of Westminster
+hall, and there stood a whole day, not without innumerable reproches, mocks and
+scornings. And the next daie he was caried through London, and set vpon a like<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_522" id="Page_522">[Pg 522]</a></span>
+scaffold in Cheape by the standard, with like ginnes and stocks as he occupied the
+daie before, and there stood all daie, and read openlie his owne confession, written
+with his owne hand, the verie copie whereof here insueth.</p>
+
+
+<h2>The confession of Perkin as it was written with his owne hand, which he read openlie
+vpon a scaffold by the standard in Cheape.</h2>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin maketh
+an anatomie of
+his descent or
+linage.</div>
+
+<p>It is first to be knowne, that I was borne in the towne of Turneie in Flanders, and
+my fathers name is Iohn Osbecke, which said Iohn Osbecke was controller of the said
+towne of Turneie, and my moothers name is Katharine de Faro. And one of my grandsires
+vpoa my fathers side was named Diricke Osbeck, which died. After whose
+death my grandmoother was married vnto Peter Flamin, that was receiuer of the
+forenamed towne of Turneie, &amp; deane of the botemen that row vpon the water or
+riuer called le Scheld. And my grandsire vpon my moothers side was Peter de Faro,
+which had in his k&eacute;eping the keies of the gate of S. Iohns within the same towne of
+Turneie. Also I had an vncle called maister Iohn Stalin, dwelling in the parish of S.
+Pias, within the same towne, which had maried my fathers sister, whose name was
+Ione or Iane, with whome I dwelt a certeine season.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkins
+education or
+bringing vp.</div>
+
+<p>And after I was led by my moother to Antwerpe for to learne Flemish, in a house
+of a cousine of mine, an officer of the said towne, called Iohn Stienbecke, with
+whome I was the space of halfe a yeare. And after that I returned againe to Turneie,
+by reason of warres that were in Flanders. And within a yeare following I was
+sent with a merchant of the said towne of Turneie, named Berlo, to the mart
+of Antwerpe, where I fell sicke, which sickenesse continued vpon me fiue moneths.
+And the said Berlo set me to boord in a skinners house, that dwelled beside the house
+of the English nation. And by him I was from thense caried to Barow mart; and I
+lodged at the signe of the old man, where I abode for the space of two moneths.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin a notable
+landloper.</div>
+
+<p>After this, the said Berlo set me with a merchant of Middleborow to seruice for to
+learne the language, whose name was Iohn Strew, with whome I dwelt from Christmasse
+to Easter, and then I went into Portingall in companie of sir Edward Bramptons
+wife, in a ship which was called the qu&eacute;ens ship. And when I was come thither,
+then was I put in seruice to a knight that dwelled in Lushborne, which was called
+Peter Vacz de Cogna, with whome I dwelled an whole yeare, which said knight had
+but one eie. And bicause I desired to s&eacute;e other countries, I tooke licence of him, and
+then I put my selfe in seruice with a Briton, called Pregent Meno, which brought me
+with him into Ireland. Now when we were there arriued in the towne of Corke,
+they of the towne (bicause I was arraied with some cloths of silke of my said maisters)
+came vnto me, &amp; threatned vpon me that I should be the duke of Clarences sonne,
+that was before time at Dublin.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The Irish would
+haue Perkin
+take vpon him
+to be the duke
+of Clarences
+sonne.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">They beare
+Perkin downe
+with oths that he
+is king Richards
+bastard.</div>
+
+<p>But forsomuch as I denied it, there was brought vnto me the holie euangelists, and
+the crosse, by the maior of the towne, which was called Iohn Leweline, and there in
+the duke the presence of him and others, I tooke mine oth (as the truth was) that I was not
+the foresaid dukes sonne, nor none of his bloud. And after this came vnto me an
+Englishman, whose name was Stephan Poitron, and one Iohn Water, and laid to me
+in swearing great oths, that they knew well that I was king Richards bastard sonne:
+whome I answered with like oths, that I was not. Then they aduised me not to
+be afeard, but that I should take it vpon me boldlie: and if I would so doo, they
+would aid and assist me with all their power against the king of England; &amp; not
+onelie they, but they were well assured, that the earle of Desmond &amp; Kildare should
+doo the same.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_523" id="Page_523">[Pg 523]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">They call him
+duke of Yorke.</div>
+
+<p>For they forced not what part they tooke, so that they might be reuenged on the
+king of England: and so against my will made me to learne English, and taught me
+what I should doo and saie. And after this they called me duke of Yorke, second
+sonne to king Edward the fourth, bicause king Richards bastard sonne was in the hands
+of the king of England. And vpon this the said Water, Stephan Poitron, Iohn
+Tiler, Hughbert Burgh, with manie others, as the foresaid carles, entered into this
+false quarell, and within short time others. The French K. sent an ambassador into
+Ireland, whose name was Loit Lucas, and maister Stephan Friham, to aduertise me
+to come into France. And thense I went into France, and from thense into Flanders,
+&amp; from Flanders into Ireland, and from Ireland into Scotland, &amp; so into England.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p>When the night of the same daie (being the fift&eacute;enth of Iune) was come, after he
+had stood all that daie in the face of the citie, he was committed to the Tower, there
+to remaine vnder safe k&eacute;eping, least happilie he might eftsoones run awaie, and escape
+out of the land, to put the king and realme to some new trouble. For he had a
+woonderfull dexteritie and readinesse to circumuent, a heart full of ouerreaching
+imaginations, an aspiring mind, a head more wilie (I wisse) than wittie; bold he was
+and presumptuous in his behauiour, as forward to be the instrument of a misch&eacute;efe, as
+anie deuiser of wickednesse would wish; a f&eacute;end of the diuels owne forging, nursed
+and trained vp in the studie of commotions, making offer to reach as high as he could
+looke; such was his inordinate ambition, wherewith he did swell as coueting to be a
+princes p&eacute;ere: much like the tode that would match the bull in drinking, but in the
+end she burst in p&eacute;eces and neuer dranke more; as the poet telleth the tale (by the
+imitation of the fabler) saieng;</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>M. Pal. in Virg.</i></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">----cupiens &aelig;quare bibendo<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rana bouem, rupta nunquam bibit ampli&ugrave;s aluo.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 15.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Patrike an
+Augustine
+Frier.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Rafe Wilford the
+counterfeit earle
+of Warwike</div>
+
+<p>In this yeare was an Augustine frier called Patrike in the parties of Suffolke, the
+which hauing a scholer named Rafe Wilford (a shoomakers sonne of London as Stow
+noteth) had so framed him to his purpose, that in hope to worke some great enterprise,
+as to disappoint the king of his crowne and seat roiall, tooke vpon him to be the earle
+of Warwike, insomuch that both the maister and scholer hauing counselled betw&eacute;ene
+themselves of their enterprise, they went into Kent, &amp; there began the yoong mawmet
+to tell priuilie to manie, that he was the verie earle of Warwike, and latelie gotten out
+of the Tower, by the helpe of this frier Patrike. To which saiengs when the frier
+perceiued some light credence to be giuen, he declared it openlie in the pulpit, and
+desired all men of helpe. But the danger of this seditious attempt was shortlie remooued
+and taken awaie, the maister and scholer being both apprehended and cast into
+prison and atteinted.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The counterfeit
+earle is executed.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex. Edw. Hall in Hen. 7 fol.</i> lj.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The cause why
+the clergie neuer
+so heinouslie
+offending was
+so fauoured.</div>
+
+<p>The scholer was hanged, on Shrouetuesdaie at saint Thomas Waterings, and the frier
+condemned to perpetuall prison. For at that time so much reuerence was attributed
+to the holie orders, that to a pr&eacute;est (although he had committed high treason against
+his souereigne lord) his life was spared, in like case as to anie other offender in murther,
+rape, or theft, that had receiued anie of the thr&eacute;e higher holie orders. [The
+ch&eacute;efe cause (saith Edward Hall) of this fauour was this, bicause bishops of a long
+time and season did not take knowledge, nor intermix themselues with the search &amp;
+punishment of such heinous and detestable offenses: by reason whereof they did not
+disgrade and depriue from the holie orders such malefactors and wicked persons,
+which without that ceremonie by the canon lawes could not be put to death.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_524" id="Page_524">[Pg 524]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Burning in
+the hand when
+enacted.</div>
+
+<p>Furthermore, what should a man saie, it was also vsed, that he that could but onelie
+read (yea although he vnderstood not what he read) how heinous or detestable a crime
+so euer he had committed (treason onelie excepted) should likewise as affines &amp; alies
+to the holie orders be saued, and committed to the bishops prison. And to the intent
+that if they should escape, and be againe taken, committing like offense, that their liues
+be no more to them pardoned: it was ordeined that murtherers should be burnt on the
+brawne of the left hand with an hot iron signed with this letter M. and th&eacute;eues in
+the same place with this letter T. So that if they, which were once signed with anie
+of these markes or tokens did reiterate like crime &amp; offense againe, should suffer the
+paines and punishments which they had both merited and deserued. Which decr&eacute;e was
+enacted and established in a session of parlement kept in the time of this kings reigne,
+and taken (as I coniecture) of the French nation, which are woont, if they take anie
+such offender, to cut off one of his eares, as a sure token and marke hereafter of his
+euill dooing.]</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin corrupted
+his k&eacute;epers.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Edward Plantagenet
+earle of
+Warwike a verie
+innocent.</div>
+
+<p>Perkin Warbecke (as before ye haue heard) being now in hold, by false persuasions
+and great promises corrupted his k&eacute;epers, Stranguish, Blewet, Astwood, and long
+Roger, seruants to sir Iohn Digbie lieutenant of the Tower. Insomuch that they (as
+it was at their arreignment openlie prooued) intended to haue slaine their maister, and
+to haue set Perkin and the earle of Warwike at large. Which earle of Warwike had
+b&eacute;ene kept in prison within the Tower almost from his tender yeares, that is to saie,
+from the first yeare of the king, to this fift&eacute;enth yeare, out of all companie of men &amp;
+sight of beasts, insomuch that he could not discerne a goose from a capon, and therefore
+by common reason and open apparance could not of himselfe s&eacute;eke his owne death
+and destruction. But yet by the drift and offense of an other he was brought to his
+death and confusion.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Perkin and Iohn
+Awater executed
+at Tiburne.</div>
+
+<p>For being made priuie of this enterprise deuised by Perkin and his complices, therevnto
+(as all naturall creatures loue libertie) he assented and agr&eacute;ed. But this craftie
+deuise and subtill imagination being reuealed, sorted to none effect, so that Perkin and
+Iohn Awater sometime maior of Corke in Ireland, one of his ch&eacute;efe founders, and his
+sonne, were on the sixt&eacute;enth daie of Nouember arreigned and condemned at Westminster.
+And on the thr&eacute;e and twentith daie of the same moneth, Perkin and Iohn Awater
+were drawne to Tiburne, where Perkin standing on a little scaffold, read his confession
+(as before he had doone in Cheape side) taking it on his death to be true. And so he
+and Iohn Awater asked the king forgiuenesse, and died patientlie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Edward Plantagenet
+the
+yoong earle of
+Warwike
+beheaded.</div>
+
+<p>This was the reward of the feined glose and counterfeit comment of Perkin Warbecke,
+the which as by his false surmises in his life time had brought manie honourable
+personages to their deaths, and vndoone manie an honest man: so now at his death
+he brought other of the same sort to their not altogither vndeserued punishment. And
+amongest others Edward Plantagenet the forenamed erle of Warwike, which (as the
+fame went) consented to breake prison, and to depart out of the realme with Perkin
+(which in prisoners is high treason) was the one and twentith daie of the said moneth
+arreigned at Westminster before the earle of Oxenford then high steward of England
+of the said treason, which (whether it were by intisement and persuasion of other, or
+of his owne fr&eacute;e will manie doubted, bicause of his innocencie) confessed the fact,
+and submitted himselfe to the kings mercie; and vpon his confession had his iudgement,
+and according thervnto the eight and twentith daie of Nouember in the yeare
+1499, was brought to the scaffold on the Tower hill, and there beheaded.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1500.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A great plague.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Edward the
+kings third
+sonne christened.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The manour of
+Sh&eacute;ene burnt
+&amp; Richmond
+built in place
+thereof.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>I. S. pag. 874.</i></div>
+
+<p>The fame after his death sprang abroad, that Ferdinando king of Spaine would make
+no full conclusion of the matrimonie to be had betw&eacute;ene prince Arthur and the ladie
+Katharine daughter to the said Ferdinando, nor send hir into England as long as this
+earle liued. For he imagined that so long as anie earle of Warwike liued, England
+should neuer be purged of ciuill warre and priuie sedition; so much was the name of
+Warwike in other regions had in feare and gealousie. The next yeare after there was
+a great plague, whereof men died in manie places verie sore; but speciallie and most
+of all in the citie of London, where died in that yeare thirtie thousand. The foure
+and twentith of Februarie in this fift&eacute;enth yeare of this kings reigne his third son was
+christened and was named Edward. Also in this yeare was burned a place of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_525" id="Page_525">[Pg 525]</a></span>
+kings, called the manour of Sh&eacute;ene situate nigh the Thames side, which he after
+builded againe sumptuouslie, and changed the name of Sh&eacute;ene, and called it Richmond;
+bicause his father and he were earles of Richmond: or (as some note) for that
+so manie notable and rich iewels were there burnt. He also new builded Bainards
+castell in London, and repaired Gr&eacute;enewich.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">King Henrie
+the seuenth
+saileth to Calis.</div>
+
+<p>The king, whether to auoid the danger of so great and perilous sickenesse, then raging,
+or to take occasion to commen with the duke of Burgognie, did personallie take
+his ship at Douer in the beginning of Maie, and sailed to Calis, whither the duke of
+Burgognie sent to him honourable personages in ambassage to welcome him into those
+parties, and to declare that the said duke would gladlie repaire personallie to his presence
+with such a number as the king should appoint, so that it were within no walled
+towne nor fortresse. For hauing denied the French king to enter into anie of his fortresses
+to talke with him, he would be loth now to giue a president to him to desire
+the like m&eacute;eting. The king interteining the ambassadours, and thanking the duke of
+his courteous offer, appointed the place at saint Peters church without Calis.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The king of
+England and
+the duke of
+Burgognie m&eacute;et
+at saint Peters
+church without
+Calis.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex Edw. Hall, in Hen. 7. fol.</i> lij.</div>
+
+<p>Vpon tuesdaie in Whitsunw&eacute;eke the archduke Philip came thither with a conuenient
+companie. The king and the qu&eacute;ene with manie a lustie lord and ladie rode
+thither to welcome him. [And when the king approched, the duke at his lighting
+offered to hold his stirrupe, which the king in no wise would suffer to be doone.
+When the king was descended from his horsse, he and the archduke imbraced each
+other with most princelie familiaritie, and then the qu&eacute;ene and all the nobles saluted
+him.] And after most louing interteinments, bankettings, mirth, and pastime shewed
+amongest them, there was communication of marriages, treating of further strengthening
+of leagues, requests of tolles in Flanders to be minished: with manie other things
+touching the commoditie and traffike of both their countries. And when all things
+were set in order, the two princes tooke their leaue, and departed; the king to Calis,
+and the archduke to S. Omers. After his departing, there came as ambassadors from
+the French king, the lord Gronthouse gouernour of Picardie, and the lord Meruelliers
+bailiffe of Amiens, which declared to the king the getting of Millaine and taking of
+the duke. The king highlie feasted them, and rewarded them princelie at their
+departing.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 16.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A yeare of
+Iubile.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Pope Alexander
+maketh profit of
+his great pardon
+or heauenlie
+grace, as he
+termeth it.</div>
+
+<p>Soone after, when the death was slaked, the king returned againe into England
+about the end of Iune. Shortlie after there came to him one Gasper Pons a Spaniard,
+a man of excellent learning and most ciuill behauiour, sent from Alexander the bishop
+of Rome to distribute the heauenlie grace (as he termed it) to all such as (letted by
+anie forceable impediment) could not come to Rome that yeare to the Iubile, which
+was there celebrate, being the yeare after the birth of our Sauiour, 1500. This beneuolent
+liberalitie was not altogither fr&eacute;elie giuen. For Alexander looking to the
+health of mens soules, thought to doo somewhat for his owne priuat commoditie, &amp;
+therefore he set a certeine price of that his grace and pardon. And to the end that
+the king should not hinder his purpose, he offered part of his gaines to the king.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Flem.</i></div>
+
+<p>And to colour the matter with some fauourable pretext, and to make men the better
+willing, &amp; more readie to giue franklie, he promised with that monie to make warre
+against the Turke. By this meanes the pope got a great masse of monie, which he
+had conueied ouer vnto him by such trustie messengers (doubt you not) as he had appointed;
+and yet nothing doone against the Turks, which in the meane season did
+much hurt to the christians. [For it was no part of his meaning (what colourable shew
+soeuer he made of tendering the succourlesse people) to impart anie portion thereof to
+so good a vse; but rather for the supportation of him and his swarme, who before
+they will bate an ace of their gorgeous gallantnesse, the whole world shall be cousened.
+Such is the collusion of the pope, such be the shamelesse shifts of him and his cleargie
+for the maintenance of their owne courtlie brauerie, which is wicked vanitie; farre<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_526" id="Page_526">[Pg 526]</a></span>
+passing the pompe of anie prince, were the same of neuer so rare magnificence; as he
+well noteth that said full trulie:</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Antith. Christ. &amp;. pape. pag. 38. 40.</i></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">------immenso princeps non visus in orbe est,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Cui tanti fastus tant&aacute;ue pompa fuit.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ingreditur quando miser&aelig; Babylonis in vrbes,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Cernitur h&icirc;c plusquam regia pompa comes.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Huic equus est spumans ostr&oacute;q; insignis &amp; auro,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Altisono cuius sub pede terra fremit, &amp;c.]<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Thr&eacute;e bishops
+dead in one
+yeare.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Two notable
+mariages.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1501.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Katharine
+daughter to
+Ferdinando
+K. of Spaine
+affied to Arthur
+prince of Wales.</div>
+
+<p>About this time died thr&eacute;e bishops in England, Iohn Morton archbishop of Canturburie,
+Thomas Langton bishop of Winchester, and Thomas Rotheram archbishop of
+Yorke. After him succ&eacute;eded Thomas Sauage bishop of London, a man of great
+honour and worthinesse: in whose place succ&eacute;eded William Worham, of whome before
+is made mention. And Henrie Deane bisbop of Salisburie, was made archbishop of
+Canturburie, and Richard Fox was remooued from Durham to the s&eacute;e of Winchester.
+Also this yeare two notable mariages were concluded, but not consummate till afterwards,
+as you shall heare in place conuenient. For king Henrie granted his daughter
+ladie Margaret to Iames the fourth king of Scots. And Ferdinando king of Spaine
+gaue his daughter ladie Katharine to Arthur prince of Wales, sonne and heire apparant
+to the king of England.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 17.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The fourth of
+October as <i>Stow</i>
+hath noted.</div>
+
+<p>Among other articles of the mariage concluded with the Scotish king this was one,
+that no English men should be receiued into Scotland without letters commendatorie
+of their souereigne lord, or safe conduct of his warden of the marches; and the same
+prohibition was in like maner giuen to the Scots. This yeare the ladie Katharine of
+Spaine was sent by hir father king Ferdinando with a puissant nauie of ships into
+England, where she arriued in the hauen of Plimmouth the second daie of October
+then being saturdaie. Vpon the twelft of Nouember she was conueied from Lambeth
+through London with all triumph and honour that might be deuised to the bishops
+palace, the str&eacute;ets being hanged, and pageants erected after the maner as is vsed at a
+coronation: which solemnitie Edward Hall describeth with the sumptuous shewes
+then glistering in the beholders eies.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Flem. ex. Edw. Hall. fol.</i> lij.</div>
+
+<p>&para; I passe ouer (saith he) the wise deuises, the prudent sp&eacute;eches, the costlie
+works, the cunning portratures, practised and set foorth in seuen goodlie beautifull
+pageants, erected and set vp in diuerse places of the citie. I leaue also the goodlie
+ballades, the sw&eacute;et harmonie, the musicall instruments, which sounded with heauenlie
+noise on euerie side of the str&eacute;ets. I omit further, the costlie apparell both of goldsmiths
+worke and imbroderie, the rich iewels, the massie chaines, the stirring
+horsses, the beautifull bards and the glittering trappers, both with belles and spangels
+of gold. I pretermit also the rich apparell of the princesse, the strange fashion of
+the Spanish nation, the beautie of the English ladies, the goodlie demeanure of
+the yoong damosels, the amorous countenance of the lustie bachelers. I passe ouer
+also the fine ingrained clothes, the costlie furs of the citizens, standing on scaffolds,
+raised from Gracechurch to Paules. What should I speake of the oderiferous scarlets,
+the fine veluets, the pleasant furres, the massie chaines, which the maior of
+London with the senat, sitting on horssebacke at the little conduit in Cheape, ware
+on their bodies and about their necks? I will not speake of the rich arras, the costlie
+tapestrie, the fine clothes both of gold and siluer, the curious veluets, the beautifull
+sattens, nor the pleasant silkes which did hang in euerie str&eacute;et where she passed, the
+wine that ran continuallie out of the conduits, and the graueling of the str&eacute;ets
+n&eacute;edeth not to be remembred.</p>
+
+<p>Whilest this ladie soiourned for hir recreation in the bishops palace of London,
+being in the meane time visited of the king, the qu&eacute;ene, and the kings mother,
+there was erected in the bodie of S. Paules church a long bridge made of timber, extending<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_527" id="Page_527">[Pg 527]</a></span>
+from the west doore of the church to the step at the entring into the qu&eacute;ere,
+which was six foot from the ground. On the said bridge or stage, euen directlie
+before the consistorie of the church, was a place raised like a mount for eight persons
+to stand vpon, compassed round about with steps to ascend and descend, which
+was couered with fine red worsted, and in likewise were all the railes of the
+said stage. On the north side of this mount was a place decked and trimmed for
+the king and qu&eacute;ene, and such other as they appointed to haue. On the south side
+of the same mount stood the maior and the magistrates of the citie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The solemnisation
+of the mariage
+betw&eacute;ene
+Arthur prince of
+Wales &amp; Katharine
+daughter
+to the king of
+Spaine.</div>
+
+<p>When all things were prepared and set in order, vpon the fouret&eacute;enth of Nouember
+then being sundaie, the foresaid ladie was led to the said mount, and there
+prince Arthur openlie espoused hir, both being clad in white, both lustie and amorous,
+he of the age of fift&eacute;ene and more, and she of the age of eight&eacute;ene or thereabouts,
+the king and qu&eacute;ene standing priuily on their stage. After the matrimonie
+celebrated, the prince and his wife went vp into the qu&eacute;ere, and there heard a solemne
+masse soong by the archbishop of Canturburie, associat with ninet&eacute;ene prelats mitred.
+And after the masse finished, the bride was led homewards to the bishops palace by
+the duke of Yorke, being then a goodlie yoong prince, and the legat of Spaine.
+Next after followed the ladie Cicilie sister to the qu&eacute;ene, supporting the traine of
+the spouse.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Edw. Hall fol.</i> liij.</div>
+
+<p>But to speake of all the solemne pompe, noble companie of lords and ladies, and
+what a sumptuous feast and plentifull was kept, with dansing and disguisings,
+words might sooner faile than matter worthie of rehearsall. Howbeit euerie daie
+endeth and night insueth, and so when night was come, the prince and his beautifull
+bride were brought and ioined togither in one bed, where they laie as man and
+wife all that night. &para; Now when the morning app&eacute;ered, the prince (as his familiar
+seruitors, which had then neither cause nor reward to lie or fame, openlie told the
+tale) called for drinke, which he before times was not accustomed to doo. At which
+thing one of his chamberleins maruelling, asked the cause of his drouth. To whome
+the prince answered merilie, saieng; I haue this night b&eacute;ene in the middest of
+Spaine, which is a hot region, and that iournie maketh me so drie: and if thou
+haddest b&eacute;ene vnder that hot climat, thou wouldest haue b&eacute;ene drier than I.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Margaret eldest
+daughter to king
+Henrie affied to
+Iames king of
+Scots.</div>
+
+<p>Shortlie after the king and the qu&eacute;ene, with the new wedded spouses went from
+Bainards castell by water to Westminster, on whom the maior and communaltie of
+London in barges gorgeouslie trimmed gaue their attendance. And there in the
+palace were such martiall feats, valiant iusts, vigorous turneis, and such fierce fight
+at the barriers, as before that time was of no man had in remembrance. Of this
+roiall triumph lord Edward duke of Buckingham was chiefe chalenger, and lord
+Thomas Greie marquesse Dorset chiefe defender, which with their aids and companions
+bare themselues so valiantlie, that they got great praise and honour, both of
+the Spaniards, and of their owne countriemen. During the time of these iusts and
+triumphs, were receiued into London, an earle, a bishop, and diuerse noble personages
+sent from the king of Scots into England, for conclusion of the mariage betw&eacute;ene
+the ladie Margaret and him; which earle by proxie, in the name of king
+Iames his maister, affied and contracted the said ladie. Which affiance was published
+at Paules crosse, the daie of the conuersion of saint Paule: in reioising
+whereof Te Deum was soong, and great fiers made through the citie of London.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1502.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Prince Arthur
+is sent into
+Wales.</div>
+
+<p>These things being accomplished, the ambassadors as well of Spaine as Scotland
+tooke their leaue of the king, &amp; not without great rewards returned into their
+countries. When the ambassadors were departed, he sent his sonne prince Arthur
+againe into Wales, to k&eacute;epe that countrie in good order; appointing to him wise and
+expert councellors, as sir Richard Poole his kinsman, which was his chiefe chamberleine,
+also sir Henrie Vernon, sir Richard Crofts, sir Dauid Philip, sir William Wall,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_528" id="Page_528">[Pg 528]</a></span>
+sir Thomas Englefield, sir Peter Newton knights; Iohn Walleston, Henrie Marton,
+&amp; doctor William Smith, president of his councell, and doctor Charles; of the which
+two doctors, the one was after bishop of Lincolne, and the other bishop of Hereford.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Iohn Stow, pag. 874, 875.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The maiors feast
+first kept at
+Guildhall.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Woollen cloth
+of two shillings
+the brode yard.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Dikes of L&#333;don
+clensed.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Men brought
+from the new
+found islands.</div>
+
+<p>&para; This yeare Iohn Shaw (who was maior of London) caused his brethren the aldermen
+men to ride from the Guildhall vnto the water side, when he went to Westminster
+to be presented in the excheker. He also caused the kitchens and other houses of
+office to be builded at the Guildhall, where since that time the maiors feasts haue
+b&eacute;ene kept, which before had b&eacute;ene in the grosers or tailors hall. About Easter, all
+the Greie friers in England changed their habit, for whereas of long time before they
+had vsed to weare browne russet of foure shillings, six shillings, and eight shillings
+the yard; now they were compelled to weare russet of two shillings the yard and not
+aboue, which was brought to passe by the Friers of Gr&eacute;enewich. This yeare, the
+dike called Turnemill brooke, with all the course of Fl&eacute;et dike, were so scowred downe
+to the Thames, that boates with fish and fewell were rowed vp to Holborne bridge,
+as they of old time had b&eacute;ene accustomed: which was a great commoditie to all the
+inhabitants in that part of London. Also the tower n&eacute;ere to the Blacke friers was
+taken downe by the commandement of the maior. Also this yeare were brought
+vnto the king thr&eacute;e men taken in the new found ilands, by Sebastian Gabato, before
+named in Anno 1498. These men were clothed in beasts skins, and eat raw flesh,
+but spake such a language as no man could vnderstand them, of the which thr&eacute;e
+men, two of them were s&eacute;ene in the kings court at Westminster two yeares after,
+clothed like Englishmen, and could not be discerned from Englishmen.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Edmund erle of
+Suffolke flieth
+into Flanders.</div>
+
+<p>A few moneths before the mariage of prince Arthur, Edmund de la Poole earle of
+Suffolke, sonne to Iohn duke of Suffolke, and ladie Elizabeth sister to king Edward
+the fourth, being bold and rash withall, was indicted of murther, for sleaing of a
+meane person in his rage &amp; furie. And although the king pardoned him whome he
+might iustlie haue put to death for that offense; yet bicause he was brought to the
+barre before the kings Bench, and arraigned (which fact he tooke as a great blemish to
+his honour) shortlie after vpon that displeasure he fled into Flanders vnto his aunt
+the ladie Margaret, the king not being priuie to his going ouer. Neuerthelesse,
+whether he was persuaded by his fr&eacute;ends therevnto, whom the king had willed to
+deale with him therein; or whether vpon trust of his innocencie: true it is that he
+returned againe, and excused himselfe to the king, so that he thought him to be giltlesse
+of anie crime that might be obiected against him.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The discontented
+mind of the
+earle of Suffolke.</div>
+
+<p>But when the mariage betwixt the prince &amp; the ladie Katharine of Spaine was
+kept at London, this erle either for that he had passed his compasse in excessiue
+charges and sumptuousnesse at that great triumph and solemnitie, and by reason
+thereof was farre run into debt; either else through the procurement of his aunt the
+foresaid ladie Margaret; or pricked with some priuie enuie, which could not patientlie
+with open eies behold king Henrie (being of the aduerse faction to his linage) so
+long to reigne in wealth and felicitie: in conclusion with his brother Richard fled
+againe into Flanders. This departure of the earle sore vexed the king, doubting, of
+some new trouble to insue thereof.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The kings
+woonted policie
+now againe
+practised.</div>
+
+<p>But yet to vnderstand the full meaning of the said earle, the king vsed his old
+fetch: for immediatlie after the earle was fled, he appointed sir Robert Curson,
+whome he had aduanced to the order of knighthood, and made capteine of Hammes
+castell, a valiant man and a circumspect, to dissemble himselfe one of that conspiracie;
+who went into Flanders, to espie what was doone there by the ladie Margaret,
+and hir nephue the earle of Suffolke. After that the said sir Robert Curson
+was thus gone into Flanders, the king, to put him out of all suspicion with the said
+ladie Margaret and the earle, caused the said earle, and sir Robert Curson, and fiue<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_529" id="Page_529">[Pg 529]</a></span>
+persons more to be accurssed at Paules crosse, the first sundaie of Nouember, as enimies
+to him and his realme.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Tirrell and Windham
+beheaded.</div>
+
+<p>To be br&eacute;efe, the king by his meanes, and other such diligent inquisition as he
+made, tried out such as he suspected, partlie to be deuisers of misch&eacute;efe against
+him, and partlie to beare no sincere affection towards his person, so that he could
+readilie name them: whereof a great part were within few daies apprehended and
+taken. And amongst them William lord Courtneie, sonne to the earle of Deuonshire,
+which maried the ladie Katharine, daughter to king Edward the fourth; lord William
+de la Poole, brother to the foresaid earle of Suffolke, sir Iames Tirrell, and sir Iohn
+Windham. Both the Williams were rather taken of suspicion, bicause they were
+so n&eacute;ere of kin to the conspirator, than for anie prooued matter. But sir Iames Tirrell
+and Iohn Windham, bicause they were traitors, and so attainted, the sixt daie of Maie
+after their apprehension, they were on the Tower hill beheaded.</p>
+
+<p>When the earle of Suffolke heard what fortune thus happened to his fr&eacute;ends, as
+one in vtter despaire to haue anie good successe in his pretensed enterprise, wandred
+about all Germanie and France, to purchase some aid and succour, if by anie means
+he might. But when he perceiued no stedfast ground to catch anchor hold vpon,
+he submitted himselfe vnder the protection of Philip archduke of Austrich. But his
+brother Richard, being a politike man, so wiselie ordered himselfe in this stormie
+tempest, that he was not intrapped either with net or snare. The king not yet out
+of all doubt of ciuill sedition, bicause a great number of euill disposed persons partakers
+of this conspiracie, were fled into sundrie sanctuaries, deuised to haue all the
+gates of sanctuaries and places priuileged shut and locked vp, so that none should
+issue out from thence to perturbe and disquiet him.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Sanctuaries
+restrained.</div>
+
+<p>And for that intent he wrote vnto pope Alexander, desiring him by his authoritie
+to adiudge all Englishmen, being fled to sanctuarie for the offense of treason as enimies
+to the christian faith, interdicting and prohibiting the refuge and priuilege of
+sanctuarie to all such, as once had enioied the libertie and protection of the same, and
+after that fled out, and eftsoones returned againe. Which thing after that the pope
+had granted, turned to the great quietnesse of the king and his realme. For manie
+that had offended, for feare to fall into danger, returned to the due subiection of
+their prince; and other that were yet fr&eacute;e from perill, durst not hazard themselues
+so boldlie as they durst haue doone before, vpon hope of such starting holes.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The death of
+Arthur prince
+of Wales.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Edw. Hall in Hen. 7 fol.</i> lv.</div>
+
+<p>When the king had thus setled things to his owne contentation and pleasure,
+there suddenlie happened to him a lamentable chance. For that noble prince Arthur,
+the kings first begotten sonne, after he had b&eacute;ene maried to the ladie Katharine his
+wife, the space of fiue moneths, departed out of this transitorie life, in his castell
+of Ludlow and with great funerall obsequie was buried in the cathedrall church of
+Worcester. His brother the duke of Yorke was staied from the title of Prince by
+the space of a moneth, till to women it might appeare whether the ladie Katharine
+wife to the said prince Arthur was conceiued with child or not. [It is reported that
+this ladie Katharine thought and feared such dolorous chance to come: for when she
+had imbraced hir father, and taken hir leaue of hir noble and prudent mother, and
+sailed towards England, she was continuallie so tossed and tumbled hither and thither
+with boisterous winds, that what for the rage of the water, and contrarietie of the
+winds, hir ship was prohibited diuerse times to approach the shore and take land.]</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 18.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1503.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">King Henrie
+the seauenths
+chapell at Westminster
+first builded.</div>
+
+<p>In this eight&eacute;enth yeare, the twentie fourth daie of Ianuarie, a quarter of an houre
+before thr&eacute;e of the clocke at after noone of the same daie, the first stone of our ladie
+chapell within the monasterie of Westminster was laid, by the hands of Iohn Islip
+abbat of the same monasterie, sir Reginald Braie knight of the garter, doctor Barnes
+maister of the rolles, doctor Wall chapleine to the kings maiestie, maister Hugh
+Oldham chapleine to the countesse of Derbie and Richmond the kings mother,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_530" id="Page_530">[Pg 530]</a></span>
+sir Edmund Stanhope knight, and diuerse others. Vpon the same stone was this
+scripture ingrauen: Illustrissimus Henricus septimus rex Angli&aelig; &amp; Franci&aelig;, &amp; dominus
+Hiberni&aelig;, posuit hanc petram in honore beat&aelig; virginis Mari&aelig;, 24 die Ianuarij;
+anno Domini 1502. Et anno dicti regis Henrici septimi, decimo octauo. The charges
+whereof amounted (as some report, vpon credible information as they saie) to fouret&eacute;ene
+thousand pounds.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 876.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Six kings of
+England brethren
+with the
+tailors companie
+in London, before
+they were
+intituled merchant
+tailors.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Prior of Shene
+murthered.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A drie summer.</div>
+
+<p>Qu&eacute;ene Elizabeth lieng within the Tower of London, was brought a bed of a faire
+daughter on Candlemasse daie, which was there christened and named Katharine;
+and the eleuenth of the same moneth the said qu&eacute;ene there deceased, and was buried
+at Westminster, whose daughter also liued but a small season after hir mother. [King
+Henrie the seauenth being himselfe a brother of the tailors companie in London, as
+diuerse other his predecessors kings before him had b&eacute;ene (to w&eacute;et Richard the third,
+Edward the fourth, Henrie the sixt, Henrie the fift, Henrie the fourth, and Richard
+the second; also of dukes eleuen, earles eight and twentie, and lords eight and fortie)
+he now gaue to them the name and title of merchant tailors, as a name of worship
+to indure for euer. This yeare, about the later end of March, the prior of the Charterhouse
+of Shene was murthered in a cell of his owne house, by meanes of one
+Goodwine, a monke of the same cloister, and his adherents artificers of London.
+A drie summer, hauing no notable raine from Whitsuntide to the later ladie daie
+in haruest.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Sir Reginald
+Braie his death.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Iust comendations
+of Morton
+archbishop of
+Canturburie and
+sir Reginald
+Braie.</div>
+
+<p>The eight&eacute;enth of Februarie, the king at his palace of Westminster created his onelie
+sonne Henrie prince of Wales, earle of Chester, &amp;c: who afterward succ&eacute;eded his
+father in possession of the regall crowne of this realme. Moreouer, this yeare also,
+after the deceass of that noble qu&eacute;ene, for hir vertue commonlie called good qu&eacute;ene
+Elizabeth, departed out of this world also sir Reginald Braie knight of the garter, a verie
+father of his countrie, for his high wisedome and singular loue to justice well worthie
+to beare that title. If anie thing had b&eacute;ene doone amisse contrarie to law and equitie,
+he would after an humble sort plainelie blame the king, and giue him good aduertisement,
+that he should not onelie reforme the same, but also be more circumspect in
+anie any other the like case. Of the same vertue and faithfull plainnesse was Iohn Morton
+archbishop of Canturburie, which died (as is shewed aboue) two yeares before.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Cassimire ambassadour
+from
+the emperour
+Maximilian.</div>
+
+<p>So these two persons were refrainers of the kings vnbrideled libertie; whereas the
+common people (ignorant altogither of the truth in such matters) iudged and reported,
+that the counsell of those two worthie personages corrupted the kings cleane
+and immaculate conscience, contrarie to his princelie disposition and naturall inclination;
+such is euer the errour of the common people. &para; About this time died Henrie
+the archbishop of Canturburie, whose roome doctor William Warram bishop of London
+supplied. And to the s&eacute;e of London William Barnes was appointed, and after his
+death succ&eacute;eded one Richard Fitz Iames. This yeare also the lord Cassimire marquesse
+of Brandenburgh, accompanied with an earle, a bishop, and a great number of gentlemen
+well apparrelled, came in ambassage from the emperor Maximilian, and were
+triumphantlie receiued into London, and lodged at Crosbies place.</p>
+
+<p>Their message was for thr&eacute;e causes, one to comfort the king in his time of heauinesse
+for the losse of his wife. The second for the renewing of amitie, and the old
+league. The third (which was not apparant) was to mooue the king to marie the
+emperours daughter, the ladie Margaret, duchesse Dowager of Sauoie. The two first
+tooke effect: for the king vpon Passion sundaie road to Paules in great triumph,
+the said marquesse riding on his left hand. And there the bishop made to the king
+an excellent consolatorie oration concerning the death of the qu&eacute;ene. And there also
+the king openlie sware to k&eacute;epe the new reuiued league and amitie during their two
+liues. But the third request (whether the let was on the mans side, or on the womans)
+neuer sorted to anie conclusion.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_531" id="Page_531">[Pg 531]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The sumptuous
+araie of the
+earle of Northumberland.</div>
+
+<p>The ladie Margaret the kings daughter, affied (as y&eacute;e haue heard) to the king of
+Scots, was appointed to be conueied into Scotland, by the earle of Surrie: and the
+earle of Northumberland, as warden of the marches, was commanded to deliuer hir
+at the confines of both the realmes. And so h&eacute;erevpon, after hir comming to Berwike,
+she was conueied to Lamberton kirke in Scotland, where the king of Scots, with the
+flower of all the nobles and gentlemen of Scotland, was readie to receiue hir: to
+whome the earle of Northumberland (according to his commission) deliuered hir.
+The said earle of Northumberland that daie, what for the riches of his coat being
+goldsmithes worke, garnished with pearle and stone, and what for the gallant apparell
+of his Henchmen, and braue trappers of his horsse, beside foure hundred tall men
+well horssed and apparelled in his colours, was est&eacute;emed both of the Scots and Englishmen
+more like a prince than a subiect.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The mariage
+betw&eacute;ene the
+K. of Scots &amp;
+ladie Margaret
+king Henries
+eldest daughter.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 19.</div>
+
+<p>From Lamberton, the foresaid ladie was conueied to Edenburgh, and there the daie
+after, king Iames the fourth, in the presence of all his nobilitie espoused hir, and
+feasted the English lords, and shewed iusts and other pastimes verie honourable, after
+the fashion of that countrie. And after all things were finished according to their
+commission, the erle of Surrie with all the English lords and ladies returned into their
+countrie. In this yeare the king kept his high court of parlement, in the which
+diuerse acts est&eacute;emed necessarie for the preseruation of the common-wealth were
+established: and amongst other, it was enacted, that th&eacute;eues and murtherers duelie
+conuicted by the law to die, and yet saued by their books, should be committed to
+the bishops custodie. After this, a subsidie was granted, both of the temporaltie, and
+spiritualtie, and so that parlement ended.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The king
+couetous in
+his old age.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1504.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Richard Empson
+&amp; Edmund
+Dudleie.</div>
+
+<p>But the king now drawing into age, and willing to fill his chest with abundance of
+treasure, was not satisfied with this onelie subsidie, but deuised an other meane how to
+inrich himselfe, as thus. He considered that the Englishmen little regarded the k&eacute;eping
+of penall lawes, and pecuniall statutes, deuised for the good preseruation of the
+common-wealth. Whereof he caused inquisition to be made of those that has transgressed
+anie of the same lawes, so that there were but few noble men, merchants,
+farmers, husbandmen, grasiers, or occupiers, that could cl&eacute;erlie prooue themseiues faultlesse,
+but had offended in some one or other of the same lawes. At the first, they
+that were found giltie were easilie fined. But after, there were appointed two maisters
+and surueiors of his forfeits, the one sir Richard Empson, and the other Edmund
+Dudleie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Promoters.</div>
+
+<p>These two were learned in the lawes of the realme, who meaning to satisfie their
+princes pleasure, and to s&eacute;e their commission executed to the vttermost, s&eacute;emed little
+to respect the perill that might insue. Wherevpon they being furnished with a sort
+of accusers, commonlie called promoters, or (as they themselues will be named) informers,
+troubled manie a man, whereby they wan them great hatred, and the king
+(by such rigorous proc&eacute;edings) lost the loue and fauour which the people before time
+had borne towards him; so that he for setting them a worke, and they for executing
+of it in such extreame wise, ran into obloquie with the subiects of this realme.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 876.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Sergeants feast
+whereat were
+the king and
+all his nobles
+at dinner.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_532" id="Page_532">[Pg 532]</a></span></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Fire on London bridge.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Fire.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Parlement.</div>
+
+<p>&para; On the thirt&eacute;enth of Nouember was holden within the palace of the archbishop
+of Canturburie, at Lambeth, the sergeants feast, where dined the king and all his
+nobles. And vpon the same day, Thomas Granger, newlie chosen shiriffe of London
+was presented before the barons of the kings exchequer, there to take his oth, and
+after went with the maior vnto the same feast, which saued him monie in his pursse;
+for if that day that feast had not b&eacute;ene kept, he must haue feasted the maior, aldermen,
+and others, woorshipfull of the citie. This feast was kept at the charge of ten
+learned men, newlie admitted to b&eacute;e sergeants to the kings law, whose names were,
+Robert Bridnell, William Greuill, Thomas Marow, George Edgore, Iohn Moore, Iohn
+Cutler, Thomas Eliot, Lewes Pollard, Guie Palmis, William Fairefax. On the one
+and twentith of Nouember at night, began a perillous fier at the signe of the panier
+vpon London bridge, n&eacute;ere to saint Magnus church; where six tenements were
+burned yer the same could be quenched. On the seuenth of Ianuarie, were certeine
+houses consumed with fire against saint Butolphes church in Thames str&eacute;et. On the
+fiue and twentith of Ianuarie began a parlement at Westminster, of which was chosen
+speaker for the commons, maister Edmund Dudleie.]</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 20.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Alum d&eacute;ere.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Cages and
+stockes ordeined.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Hunsditch
+paued.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Prisoners of the
+Marshalseie
+brake out.</div>
+
+<p>A new coine of siluer was ordeined of grotes and halfe grotes, which bare but halfe
+faces; and some p&eacute;eces of the value of twelue pense were then stamped, though very
+few of that sort came abroad. In this yeare, alum, which manie yeares had bene sold
+for six shillings an hundred, and lower, arose to fiue nobles an hundred, and after
+to foure marks, &amp;c. Sir William Capell, who for this yeare was maior, caused in
+euerie ward of London a cage with a paire of stocks, therein to punish vagabunds.
+Also he caused all Hunsditch to be ouerpaued, which manie yeares before lay full
+noiouslie and perillouslie for all trauellers that way. About Christmasse, the more part
+of the prisoners of the Marshalseie in Southwarke brake out, and manie of them
+being shortlie after taken, were put to execution, speciallie those which had laine for
+felonie or treason. On the fift&eacute;enth of Aprill, a monie maker, one of the coiners of
+the Tower, was drawne to Tiburne and there hanged.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Iohn Hooker, alias Vowell.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A beneuolence
+put into the
+kings head to
+be leuied ouer
+the whole land.</div>
+
+<p>&para; In this twentith yeare (saith one of Excester) the king (hauing some n&eacute;ed of
+monie) was by his councell aduised (by way, of beneuolence) to leuie the same vpon
+the whole realme, as well of the cleargie as of the laitie. And for the same, commissioners
+were assigned accordinglie. For the cleargie, Richard Fox, sometime
+bishop of Excester, but now of Winchester, a verie wise, graue, and trustie councellor,
+was appointed chiefe commissioner, and had the chiefest dealing therein. He
+at daies and times appointed, assembled the cleargie before him, and (according to
+the trust committed vnto him) he persuaded them by all the meanes he could, to be
+liberall contributors to the king, considering his present n&eacute;ed, and who (for their
+causes, &amp; the safetie of all the common-wealth) was now to vse and imploie some
+monie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The cleargie of
+two sorts, and
+both desirous
+to spare their
+pursses.</div>
+
+<p>The cleargie was of two sorts, the one shewing themselues as they were wealthie,
+s&eacute;emelie, &amp; comelie; the other pretending that which was not, pouertie, barenesse,
+and scarsitie: but both were of one mind, and deuised all the waies they could to
+saue their pursses. The first being called, alledged that they were dailie at great
+charges and expenses in k&eacute;eping of hospitalitie, in mainteining themselues, their
+house and familie; besides extraordinaries which dailie did grow and increase vpon
+them: and by that meanes they were but bare and poore, and praied that they might
+be borne withall, and pardoned for that time.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The wisdome
+of bishop Fox
+in procuring
+these cleargie
+men to be
+contributors
+to this beneuolence.</div>
+
+<p>The other sort alledged, that their liuings were but small and slender, and scarse
+able to mainteine themselues withall, which compelled them to go bare, and to liue
+a hard and a poore life, and therefore (they hauing nothing) praied that they might
+be excused. The bishop when he had heard them at full, and well considered thereof,
+verie wittilie, and with a prettie dilemma answered them both, saieng to the first:
+"It is true, you are at great charges, and are well bes&eacute;ene in your apparell, well
+mounted vpon your faire palfreies, and haue your men waiting vpon you in good
+order; your hospitalitie is good, and your dailie expenses are large, and you are for
+the same well reported amongst your neighbours; all which are plaine demonstrations
+of your wealth and abilitie, otherwise you would not be at such voluntarie charges.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_533" id="Page_533">[Pg 533]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">They are
+persuaded
+to contribute.</div>
+
+<p>"Now hauing store to spend in such order, there is no reason, but that to your
+prince you should much more be well willing &amp; readie to y&eacute;eld your selues contributorie
+and dutifull, and therefore you must paie." To the other sort he said:
+"Albeit your liuings be not of the best, yet good, sufficient, and able to mainteine
+you in better estate than you doo imploie it; but it appeareth that you are frugall and
+thriftie men; and what others doo voluntarilie spend in apparell, house, and familie,
+you warilie doo k&eacute;epe, and haue it to lie by you; and therefore it is good reason that
+of your store you should spare with a good will and contribute to your prince;
+wherefore be contented, for you shall paie." And so by this prettie dilemma he reduced
+them to y&eacute;eld a good paiment to the king.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1505.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex. I. S. pag. 878.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Conduit at
+Bishops gate
+builded.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Richmond
+on fire.</div>
+
+<p>The king after he had gotten a great masse of monie togither, hauing pitie on the
+people, which oppressed with the sharpe proc&eacute;edings of his gr&eacute;edie officers, cried
+daily to God for vengeance, ment to haue depriued them of their offices (as some
+write) &amp; that such monie as had b&eacute;ene violentlie exacted, should haue b&eacute;ene restored
+and deliuered againe, if he had not bene preuented by death. And yet by his last
+will he commanded that it should be dulie and trulie performed, but in the meane
+season many mens coffers were emptied. &para; Thomas Kneisworth maior of London
+for this yeare, of his owne goods, builded the conduit at Bishopsgate. He gaue to the
+fishmongers certeine tenements, for the which they be bound to find foure scholers
+that studie art; two at Oxford, and two at Cambridge, euerie of them foure
+pounds the yeare. They be bound also to giue to twelue aged poore people of their
+companie, to euerie one of them at Bartholomew tide a winter garment for euer.
+Also to giue to the prisoners of Ludgate and Newgate euerie yeare fortie shillings, &amp;c.
+The first of Ianuarie in the night, the kings chamber was fired at Richmond, the
+which might not be quenched, till manie curteins, carpets, rich beds, and much
+stuffe was consumed.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 21.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1506.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Philip archduke
+of Austrich
+landeth in the
+west parts of
+England.</div>
+
+<p>In this verie season, and the yeare of our Lord 1506, Elizabeth qu&eacute;ene of Castile
+died without issue male, by reason whereof the inheritance of Castile (bicause that
+kingdome is not partible) descended to ladie Iane hir eldest daughter by king Ferdinando,
+the which was maried to Philip archduke of Austrich. Wherefore the yeare
+following, about the sixt day of Ianuarie, hauing a great nauie prepared, he intituled
+now king of Castile, sailed out of Flanders with his wife towards Spaine; but by a
+mightie tempest of wind and foule weather, the whole nauie was dispersed and sparkled
+abroad in diuerse places on the coasts of England. The kings ship with two
+other vessels were blowne by tempest on the west part of the realme, to the port of
+Weimouth in Dorsetshire. The king being wearied with the tossing of the seas, as
+one not accustomed thereto, contrarie to the mind of his councellors, came on land to
+refresh himselfe.</p>
+
+<p>When it was knowne that strange ships were arriued in that place, there came
+thither a great number, as well of gentlemen as commons of the countrie, to beat
+them backe if they prooued to be enimies. But when they perceiued that the king
+of Spaine was there driuen on land by force of weather, sir Thomas Trenchard knight,
+ch&eacute;efe of that companie, went with great humblenesse vnto him, and did what he
+could to haue him to his house, being not farre off, and so to cause him to stay, till
+such time as king Henrie might be certified of his arriuall; to whome with all sp&eacute;ed
+he sent diuerse posts to aduertise him of king Philips landing. In this meane while
+came people in from all sides, vpon knowlege of this strange princes comming. And
+among other there came sir Iohn Carew, with a goodlie band of piked men. Which
+sir Iohn and sir Thomas Trenchard intreated the king of Castile not to depart, vntil
+such time as he had spoken with the king.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_534" id="Page_534">[Pg 534]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The king of
+Castile interteined
+honorablie.</div>
+
+<p>The king of Castile excused him by necessitie of his weightie enterprise: but when
+he perceiued that if he would proffer to go once aboord to his ships againe, he might
+be letted, and was like so to b&eacute;e; h&eacute;e thought good rather to assent to their humble
+request and to s&eacute;eme to gratifie them; than by denieng it to procure their euil willes,
+and yet neuer the n&eacute;er of his purpose. When king Henrie was informed of his landing,
+he was right glad therof, and wrote vnto sir Iohn Carew, and to sir Thomas
+Trenchard, that they should interteine him in the most honorable sort they could
+deuise, till he might come himselfe in person to welcome him. Beside this, he sent
+the earle of Arundell with manie lords and knights to attend vpon him. Which
+earle (according to the kings letters) receiued him with thr&eacute;e hundred horsses, all by
+torchlight, to the great admiration of the strangers.</p>
+
+<p>King Philip s&eacute;eing no remedie but that he must n&eacute;eds tarie, would no longer gaze
+after king Henries comming, but tooke his iournie toward Windsore castell, where
+the king laie: and fiue miles from Windsore the prince of Wales, accompanied with
+fiue earles, and diuerse lords and knights, and other to the number of fiue hundred
+persons gorgiouslie apparelled, receiued him after the most honorable fashion. And
+within halfe a mile of Windsore, the king, accompanied with the duke of Buckingham,
+and a great part of the nobilitie of this realme, welcomed him, &amp; so conueied
+him to the castell of Windsore, where he was made companion of the noble order of
+the garter. After him came to Windsore his wife qu&eacute;ene Iane, sister to the princesse
+Dowager, late wife to prince Arthur.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">King Henrie
+desireth to haue
+Edmund de la
+Poole earle of
+Suffolke deliuered
+into his
+hands.</div>
+
+<p>After the two kings had renewed &amp; confirmed the league and amitie betwixt them,
+king Henrie desired to haue Edmund de la Poole earle of Suffolke to be deliuered into
+his hands. To whome the king of Castile answered that he verelie was not within
+his dominion: and therefore it laie not in him to deliuer him. In d&eacute;ed he was loth to
+be the author of his death that came to him for succour, and was receiued vnder his
+protection: yet vpon the earnest request and assured promise of king Henrie (that he
+would pardon him of all executions and paines of death) he granted to king Henries
+desire; and so incontinentlie caused the said earle secretlie to be sent for. After this,
+to protract time till he were possessed of his preie, king Henrie conueied the king of
+Castile vnto the citie of London, that he might s&eacute;e the head citie of his realme.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The king of
+Castiles vow
+inuiolablie kept.</div>
+
+<p>Then he led him from Bainards castell by Cheape to Barking; and so returned by
+Watling str&eacute;et againe: during which time there was shot out of the Tower a woonderfull
+peale of ordinance. But he would not enter into the Tower, bicause (as ye haue
+heard before) he had aduowed not to enter the fortresse of anie forren prince, in the
+which a garrison was mainteined. From London the king brought him to Richmond,
+where manie notable feates of armes were prooued both of tilt, turnie, and barriers.
+In the meane season the erle of Suffolke, perceiuing what hope was to be had in
+forreine princes, and trusting that after his life to him once granted, king Henrie
+would br&eacute;eflie set him at his full libertie, was in maner contented to returne againe
+into his natiue countrie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The death &amp;
+description of
+Philip king of
+Spaine.</div>
+
+<p>When all pacts and couenants betw&eacute;ene the kings of England and Castile were
+appointed, concluded, and agr&eacute;ed; king Philip tooke his leaue of king Henrie, y&eacute;elding
+to him most heartie thanks for his high ch&eacute;ere and princelie interteinement. And
+being accompanied with diuers lords of England, he came to the citie of Excester,
+and so to Falmouth in Cornewall, and there taking ship sailed into Spaine, where
+shortlie after he died being thirtie yeares of age. He was of stature conuenient, of
+countenance amiable, of bodie somewhat grosse, quicke witted, bold and hardie
+stomached. The tempest that he suffered on the sea was huge, and woonderfull also vpon
+the land, insomuch that the violence of the wind blew downe an eagle of brasse,
+being set to shew on which part the wind blew, from a pinacle or spire of Paules church,
+and in the falling, the same eagle brake and battered an other eagle that was set vp
+for a signe at a tauerne doore in Cheapeside.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Prodigious
+tokens or accidents
+haue their
+issue in truth.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_535" id="Page_535">[Pg 535]</a></span></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">S&eacute;e pag. 264.</div>
+
+<p>Herevpon men that were giuen to gesse things that should happen by marking of
+strange tokens, d&eacute;emed that the emperour Maximilian, which gaue the eagle, should
+suffer some great misfortune: as he did shortlie after by the losse of his sonne, the said
+king Philip. &para; And suerlie these prodigious accidents are not to be omitted as matter of
+course; for they haue their weight, and shew their truth in the issue. Examples in
+this booke be diuerse, among which one is verie memorable, mentioned in the thirtie
+&amp; ninth yeare of Henrie the sixt. At what time the duke of Yorke making an oration
+to the lords of the parlement, for the iustifieng of his title to the crowne, it chanced
+that a crowne which hoong in the middle of the nether house (to garnish a branch to
+set lights vpon) without touch of man or blast of wind suddenlie fell downe. About
+which season also fell downe the crowne which stood on the top of Douer castell. Which
+things were construed to be signes that the crowne of the realme should some waie haue
+a fall; and so it came to passe.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Flem. ex. Guic. pag. 40.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Thr&eacute;e sunnes
+s&egrave;ene at once
+in the night.</div>
+
+<p>And bicause the euents of these foreshewes had their truth, as manie more of the
+like nature; it shall not be amisse here to ad (by waie of digression) what hath
+b&eacute;ene obserued in former ages by forren writers in and about such foretokens.
+The consent of the heauens and of men, pronounced to Italie their calamities to come:
+for that such as made profession to haue iudgement either by science or diuine inspiration
+in the things to come, assured with one voice that there were in preparing, both
+more great mutations and more strange and horrible accidents, than for manie worlds
+before had b&eacute;ene discerned in anie part or circuit of the earth. There were s&eacute;ene in
+the night in Pouille thr&eacute;e suns in the middest of the firmament, but manie clouds
+about them, with right fearefull thunders and lightnings. In the territorie of Aretze,
+were visiblie s&eacute;ene passing in the aire, infinit numbers of armed men vpon mightie
+horsses, with a terrible noise of drums and trumpets. The images &amp; figures of saints
+did sweat in manie parts of Italie.</p>
+
+<p>In euerie place of the countrie were brought foorth manie monsters of men and other
+creatures, with manie other things against the order of nature concurring all at one time,
+but in diuerse places: by means wherof the people were caried into incredible feares,
+being alreadie amazed with the brute of the French powers &amp; furie of that nation,
+with which (according to the testimonie of histories) they had aforetime run ouer all
+Italie, sacked and made desolate with fire and sword the citie of Rome, and subdued
+in Asia manie prouinces; and generallie no part of the world which had not felt the
+vertue of their armes. But albeit these iudgements are oftentimes fallible, and rather
+coniectures vncerteine, than effects happening: yet the accidents that drew on, brought
+to them, in the spirits of fraile men, an absolute faith, credit, &amp; religion. So that
+there is in foreshewes matter of moment worthie to be obserued, howsoeuer the world
+lulled asl&eacute;ep in the lap of securitie is touched with no feare of change. But alas the
+Heathen could s&eacute;e the contrarie, and therefore said:</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Manil. lib. Astr. 1.</i></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Omnia mortali mutantur lege creata,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Nec se cognoscunt terr&aelig; veteribus annis<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Exutas variam faciem per secula gentes.]<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>But to returne to our owne storie. Shortlie after the departing of king Philip,
+the king of England began to suspect sir George Neuill lord of Aburgauenie, and sir
+Thomas Gr&eacute;ene of Gr&eacute;enes Norton, as partakers in the beginning of the conspiracie with
+the earle of Suffolke; and so vpon that suspicion they were commanded to the Tower.
+But shortlie after, when they had b&eacute;ene tried and purged of that suspicion, he commanded
+them both to be set at libertie. But sir Thomas Gr&eacute;ene fell sicke before,
+and remained in the Tower, in hope to be restored to his health as well as to his
+libertie, but by death he was preuented. [And here bicause it is good to s&eacute;e the consent
+of histories in the report of accidents, it shall not be amisse to repeat the entier
+relation of a late writer stranger touching this casualtie which befell to king Philip, in
+such sort to be cast vpon the English coasts; as also the promise of the said king to
+deliuer the duke of Suffolke into the hands of king Henrie, with the cause (as it is
+supposed) why the king desired to haue him within his owne reach.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex. Guic. pag. 353.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">King Philip
+saileth out of
+Flanders into
+Spaine.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_536" id="Page_536">[Pg 536]</a></span></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">King Philip cast
+by casualtie of
+sea vpon the
+coasts of England.</div>
+
+<p>&para; King Philip was imbarked to saile out of Flanders into Spaine with a great armie
+by sea; and to reduce his going to a more facilitie and safetie (for he feared least his
+father in law by the aid of the French would hinder his passage) he practised the
+Spanish subtilties, and agr&eacute;ed with him to leaue vnto him the managing and policie of
+the most part of affaires, and that they shuld take in common the title of king of
+Spaine, according to the example in the qu&eacute;enes time: and lastlie, that the revenues
+and tributes should be diuided in an order certeine &amp; indifferent. By reason of which
+accord, his father in law, notwithstanding he was not assured of the obseruation, sent
+him into Flanders manie ships to furnish his voiage: with the which, hauing imbarked
+his wife, and Ferdinand his second sonne, he tooke his course into Spaine with forward
+winds, which, within two daies turning cleane contrarie, after his nauie had runne a
+dangerous fortune, and made a wearie resistance against the furie of the sea, his ships
+were cast vpon sundrie coasts of England and Britaine; his owne person with two or
+thr&eacute;e ships being driuen with manifest perill vpon England into the hauen of Southampton.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Philip promiseth
+to redeliuer to
+K. Henrie the
+duke of Suffolke.</div>
+
+<p>Whereof Henrie the seuenth then king of that nation being aduertised, sent to him
+with sp&eacute;ed manie barons to doo him honour, and desire him to come to his court,
+then at London: a request which Philip could not denie, the king of Englands demand
+b&eacute;eing no lesse honourable, than his owne estate full of necessitie and nakednesse.
+He remained in the court of England, vntill all his nauie was reassembled, and eftsoones
+rigged, making in the meane while betw&eacute;ene them new capitulations: wherein
+albeit Philip in all other things held himselfe vsed as a king, yet in this one thing
+complained, that he was constreined as a prisoner, to consent to redeliuer to K. Henries
+hands the duke of Suffolke, whom he held prisoner within the castell of Namur, and
+whom the king of England desired much to haue in his power, for that he quarrelled
+the title of the crowne, pretending the right of the kingdome to apperteine to
+him: onelie the king of England assured Philip by the faith and word of a king, that
+he would not put him to death. Which he did as iustlie performe, as he had honorablie
+promised, k&eacute;eping him in prison so long as he liued, and afterwards was beheaded
+vnder the reigne and commandement of his sonne.]</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 22.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The sweting
+sicknesse eftsoones
+returneth.</div>
+
+<p>This yeare the king began to be diseased of a certeine infirmitie, which thrise
+euerie yeare, but specially in the springtime sore vexed him. And bicause for the
+most part the harme that chanceth to the prince, is parted with his subiects, the
+sweating sicknesse, which (as ye haue heard in the first yeare of the king) first
+afflicted the people of this realme, now assailed them againe; howbeit by the remedie
+found at the beginning of it, nothing the like number died thereof now this second
+time, as did at the first time till the said remedie was inuented. But now the third plage
+equall to the pestilence insued, by the working of the maisters of the forfeitures, and
+such informers as were appointed thereto. By whose meanes manie a rich &amp; wealthie
+person by the extremitie of the lawes of the realme were condemned and brought to
+great losse and hinderance.</p>
+
+<p>A great part of which their vndooings proc&eacute;eded by the inconuenience of such
+vnconscionable officers, as by the abuse of exigents outlawed those that neuer heard,
+nor had knowledge of the sutes commensed against them, of which hard and sharpe
+dealing (the harme that thereof insueth considered) if the occasion might be taken
+awaie by some other more reasonable forme and order of law deuised, whereby the
+parties might haue personall warning, it would both preserue manie an innocent man.
+from vndeserued vexation, and danger of vnmercifull losse of goods; and also redound
+highlie to the commendation of the prince, and such other as chanced to be
+reformers of that colourable law, where they be called onelie in the counties without
+other knowledge giuen to them or theirs at their dwelling houses.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_537" id="Page_537">[Pg 537]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Ed. Hall in Hen. 7 fol. 59.</i></div>
+
+<p>But now to returne. Such maner of outlawies, old recognisances of the peace,
+and good abearings, escapes, riots, &amp; innumerable statutes penall, were put in execution,
+and called vpon by Empson and Dudleie; so that euerie man, both the spiritualtie
+and temporaltie, hauing either lands or substance, were inuited to that plucking
+banket. For these two rauening woolues had a gard of false periured persons apperteining
+to them, which were impanelled in euerie quest. Learned men in the law, when
+they were required of their aduise, would say; To agre&eacute; is the best counsell that I
+can giue you. By this vndue meanes, these couetous persons filled the kings coffers,
+and inriched themselues. And at this vnreasonable and extort dooing, noble men
+grudged, meane men kicked, poore men lamented, preachers openlie at Poules crosse
+and other places exclamed, rebuked, and detested. Howbeit the good king in his
+last daies conserued and pardoned his poore subiects of such vncharitable yokes and
+ponderous burdens as they were laden withall.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1507.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex Guic. pag. 314.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Pag. 312.</i></div>
+
+<p>Sir Gilbert Talbot knight, and Richard Bere abbat of Glastenburie, and doctor
+Robert Sherborne deane of Poules, were sent as ambassadors from the K. to Rome, to
+declare to Pius the third of that name newlie elected pope in place of Alexander the sixt
+deceased what ioy and gladnesse had entered the kings heart for his preferment. But
+he taried not the comming of those ambassadors, for within a moneth after that he
+was installed, he rendered his debt to nature, and so had short pleasure of his promotion
+[not beguiling the hopes which the cardinals concerned of him at the time of his
+creation, the six &amp; twentith day after his election, which was in short time to die.
+This popes name was Francis Piccolomini cardinall of Sienna, in whom was no expectation
+of long life, both for his extreame age, and present sickenesse: a cardinall sure
+of vnspotted report, and for his other conditions not vnworthie that degr&eacute;e; who to
+renew the memorie of Pius secundus his vncle, tooke vpon him the name of Pius the
+third.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Pag. 307.</i></div>
+
+<p>He succ&eacute;eded Alexander the sixt, who went to supper in a vineyard n&eacute;ere the Vatican
+to reioise in the delight &amp; plesure of the fresh aire, &amp; was suddenlie caried for
+dead to the bishops palace; his sonne also communicating in the same accident, but
+with better fortune. For the day folowing, which was the eightenth day of August,
+the dead corps of the pope (according to custome) was borne into the church of saint
+Peter, blacke, swolne, and most deformed; most manifest signes of poison. But
+Valentinois, what by the vigour and strength of his youth, and readie helpe of strong
+medicines and counterpoisons, had his life saued, remaining notwithstanding oppressed
+with long and gr&eacute;euous sickenesse: it was assuredlie bel&eacute;eued that the accident proc&eacute;eded
+of poison, the discourse whereof (according to common report) was in this
+sort.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">A practice of
+custome by
+poison to an ill
+purpose vsed.</div>
+
+<p>The duke Valentinois, who was to be present at that supper, had determined to
+poison Adrian cardinall of Cornette, reseruing that time and place to execute his
+bloudie resolution: for it is most certeine that in his father and him were naturall
+customes to vse poison, not onelie to be reuenged of their enimies, or to be assured
+of suspicions; but also vpon a wicked couetousnesse, to despoile rich men of their
+goods, whether they were cardinals or courtiers, although they had neuer doone them
+wrong, as hapned to the cardinall saint Ange, who was verie rich. This maner of
+rage they would vse also against their greatest friends &amp; familiars, and such as had
+bin their most faithfull seruants, such as were the cardinals of Capua and Modeno:
+a recompense vnworthie the merits of good men, and not disagr&eacute;eable to the
+disposition of such a father and sonne, whereof the one made all things lawfull by
+vile dispensation; and with the other nothing was dishonest wherein was opportunitie
+to his purposes. The duke Valentinois sent before certeine flagons with wine infected
+with poison, which he gaue to a seruant that knew nothing of the matter, commanding
+that no person should touch them.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_538" id="Page_538">[Pg 538]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The pope poisoned
+with the
+wine that his
+owne son had
+sent to poison
+the cardinall of
+Cornette.</div>
+
+<p>A commandement preiudiciall to his maister, as the ignorance of the seruant was
+the instrument in the euill that happened both to the father and son. Such is the
+sufferance of God, who in the execution of his iudgments raiseth one murtherer to
+kill another, &amp; breaketh the brands of the fire vpon the head of him that first kindled
+it: for the pope comming by aduenture somewhat before supper, and ouercome with
+the drought and immoderate heat of the time, called for drinke. And bicause his
+owne prouision was not yet brought from the palace, he that had the infected wine in
+charge, thinking it to be recommended to his k&eacute;eping for a wine most excellent,
+gaue the pope to drinke of the same wine which Valentinois had sent; who arriuing
+while his father was drinking drunke also of the same wine, being but iust that they
+both should tast of the same cup which they had brued for the destruction of others.
+All the towne of Rome ran with great gladnesse to saint Peters about the dead bodie
+of the pope, their eies not satisfied to s&eacute;e ded and destroied a serpent, who with
+his immoderate ambition and poisoned infidelitie, togither with all the horrible examples
+of crueltie, luxurie, and monstruous couetousnesse, selling without distinction both
+holie things and prophane things, had infected the whole world.</p>
+
+<p>And yet was he accompanied with a most rare, &amp; almost perpetuall prosperitie
+euen from his yoong age, to the end of his life; desiring alwaies great things, and
+obtaining most often that he desired. An example of much importance, to confound
+the arrogancie of those men, who presuming to know and s&eacute;e perfectlie with humane
+eies the depth of Gods iudgements, doo assure, that what happeneth either good or
+ill to mortall men, proc&eacute;edeth either of their merits or faults: as though we saw not
+dailie manie good men vniustlie tormented, &amp; wicked persons aboue their diseruings
+liue in ease and honour: wherein who makes an other interpretation, derogates the
+iustice and power of God, the greatnesse of which being not to be conteined within
+any scripts or tearms present, knoweth how well and largely to discerne in an other
+time and place the iust from the vniust, and that with rewards and eternall punishments.
+In the meane time he powreth out his vengeance vpon the imaginers of
+misch&eacute;efe in this life; so prouiding, as that they are caught in their owne snares,
+and ouertaken with such destruction as they had prepared for others, according to that
+saieng of the Psalmist:</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Rob. Hess. &amp; G. Buch. in Psal. 7.</i></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Effodit puteum, foue&aacute;mque eduxit ab imo,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Et miser in latebras incidit ipse suas.<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">In verticem ipsius recurrit<br /></span>
+<span class="i4">Pernicies, recid&uacute;ntque fraudes.]<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The lord Daubenie dieth.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 23.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Guidebald duke of Urbine in Italie made knight of the garter.</div>
+
+<p>At the same time died Giles lord Daubeneie the kings ch&eacute;efe chamberleine, whose
+office Charles, bastard sonne to Henrie last duke of Summerset occupied and enioied;
+a man of good wit, and great experience. Soone after, the king caused Guidebald
+duke of Urbine to be elected knight of the order of the garter, in like maner as his
+father duke Frederike had b&eacute;ene before him, which was chosen and admitted into
+the order by king Edward the fourth. Sir Gilbert Talbot, and the other two ambassadors
+being appointed to k&eacute;epe on their iournie vnto pope Iulie the second, elected
+after the death of the said Pius the third, bare the habit and collar also vnto the said
+duke Guidebald; which after he had receiued the same, sent sir Balshasar Castalio,
+knight, a Mantuan borne, as his orator vnto king Henrie, which was for him installed,
+according to the ordinances of the order.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Thomas Sauage archbishop of Canturburie deceassed.</div>
+
+<p>This yeare that worthie prelate Thomas Sauage archbishop of Yorke departed this
+life at his castell of Cawood: a man beside the worthinesse of his birth highlie
+est&eacute;emed with his prince for his fast fidelitie and great wisedome. He bestowed great
+cost in repairing the castell of Cawood and the manor of Scrobie. His bodie was
+buried at Yorke, but he appointed by his testament, that his hart should be buried at
+Macclesfield in Cheshire, where he was borne, in a chapell there of his foundation,
+ioining to the south side of the church, meaning to haue founded a college there also,
+if his purpose had not b&eacute;ene preuented by death. After him succ&eacute;eded doctor Benbridge
+in the archbishops s&eacute;e of Yorke, being the fiftie and sixt archbishop that had
+sat in that s&eacute;e.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_539" id="Page_539">[Pg 539]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex Guic. pag. 184.</i></div>
+
+<p>About this same time Lewes the French king, the twelfe of that name (who succ&eacute;eded
+Charles the eighth that died at Amboise the night before the eighth daie of
+Aprill, of a catarrhe, which the physicians call an apoplexie, the same rising in him
+with such abundance, as he beheld a match plaied at tennisse, that in a few houres
+he ended at the same place his life: during the which, he had with greater importunitie
+than vertue troubled the whole world with great appearance of danger to
+kindle eftsoones new fiers of innouation and troubles) maried his eldest daughter
+named Clare, vnto Francis de Valois Dolphin of Vienne, and duke of Angolesme,
+which ladie was promised vnto Charles the king of Castile: wherevpon by ambassadors
+sent to and fro betwixt king Henrie and the said king of Castile, a mariage
+was concluded betwixt the said king of Castile, and the ladie Marie, daughter to
+king Henrie, being about the age of ten yeares. For conclusion of which mariage,
+the lord of Barow, &amp; other ambassadors were sent into England from the emperor
+Maximilian which with great rewards returned.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1508.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 879.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">William Capell sued by the king.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Tho. Knelsworth imprisoned.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Norwich on fier.</div>
+
+<p>&para; William Browne mercer maior of London, this yeare deceassed, and foorthwith
+sir Laurence Ailmer draper was chosen and sworne, and went home in a graie cloake,
+with the sword borne before him, on the eight and twentith daie of March. Item he
+tooke his oth at the Tower, and kept no feast. William Capell was put in sute by the
+king for things by him doone in his maioraltie. Also Thomas Knelsworth that had
+b&eacute;ene maior of London, and his shiriffes, were sent to the kings Bench, till they were
+put to their fines of fouret&eacute;ene hundred pounds. In the moneth of Iune, the citie of
+Norwich was sore perished, &amp; n&eacute;ere consumed with fier, that began in a Frenchmans
+house named Peter Iohnson, a surgian, in the parish of saint George.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Fr&eacute;e schoole at Wlfrunehampton.</div>
+
+<p>Stephan Genings merchant tailor, maior of London, founded a fr&eacute;e grammar
+schoole at Wlfrunehampton in Staffordshire, with conuenient lodgings for the maister
+and vsher, in the same place where he was borne. He gaue lands sufficient for the
+maintenance, leauing the ouersight thereof to the merchant tailors in London,
+who haue hitherto iustlie dealt in that matter, and also augmented the building there.
+Maister Nichols, who maried the onelie daughter and heire of the aforesaid Stephan
+Genings, gaue lands to mainteine the pauements of that towne. Also, Iohn Leneson
+esquier, about Anno 1556, gaue lands, whereof foure pounds should be dealt euerie
+yeare, on good fridaie, to the poore people of Wlfrunehampton, and six and twentie
+shillings eight pence y&eacute;erelie, towards the reparation of the church there.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Iohn Ligh of Wlfruneh&#257;pton, his rare example of charitie.</div>
+
+<p>Moreouer, about Anno 1566, sir Iohn Ligh, a pr&eacute;est, which had serued in that
+church there, the space of thr&eacute;escore years, for fiue pounds, six shillings and eight pence
+the yeare, without anie other augmentation of his liuing, who would neuer take anie
+other benefice, or other preferment, gaue twentie pounds, to purchase twentie shillings
+the yeare lands, the same to be giuen yearelie for euer to the poore of Wlfrunehampton
+vpon good fridaie; &amp; twelue pounds thirt&eacute;ene shillings foure pence, to purchase
+a marke a yeare lands, the same to be giuen to the poore of Chifnall, in the
+countie of Salope, where the said Ligh was borne. This man liued nigh one hundred
+years. He bestowed besides his owne labour which was great (in bearing of
+stones, &amp;c.) aboue twentie pounds on the high waies about that towne of Wlfrunehampton.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Wlfruneh&#257;pton, corruptlie called Wolnerhampton.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Ex charta regia.</i></div>
+
+<p>This towne of Wlfrunehampton, is now corruptlie called Wolnerhampton: for in Anno
+996, in king Ethelreds time (who wrote himselfe Rex Anglorum &amp; princeps Northumbrorum
+Olympiade tertia regni sui, for so he wrote the count of his reigne then, which
+was the fift&eacute;enth yeare) it was then called Hampton, as appeareth by an old charter
+written by the notary of the said king Ethelred, which charter I haue s&eacute;ene and
+read. And for that a noble woman named Wlfrune a Widow, some time wife to
+Althelme duke of Northampton, did obteine of the said king to giue lands vnto the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_540" id="Page_540">[Pg 540]</a></span>
+church there which she had founded, the said towne tooke the addition of the same
+Wlfrune, for that charter so named hir Wlfrune, and the towne Hampton.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Smart.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Hospitall of the
+Sauoie.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Rec. of Canturb. church.</i></div>
+
+<p>In this yeare was finished the goodlie hospitall of the Sauoie n&eacute;ere vnto Charingcrosse,
+which was a notable foundation for the poore, doone by king Henrie the
+seauenth, vnto the which he purchased and gaue lands for the rel&eacute;euing of one hundred
+poore people. This was first named Sauoie place, by Peter earle of Sauoie, father to
+Boniface archbishop of Canturburie, about the nine and twentith yeare of king Henrie
+the third, who made the said Peter erle of Richmond. This house belonged since to
+the duke of Lancaster, and at this time was conuerted to an hospitall, still reteining
+the first name of Sauoie. King Henrie also builded thr&eacute;e houses of Franciscane friers,
+which are called obseruants, at Richmond, Gr&eacute;enewich, and Newarke; and thr&eacute;e
+other of the familie of Franciscane friers which are called conuentuals, at Canturburie,
+Newcastell, and Southampton.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Fr. Thin.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Thomas Ruthall
+bishop of Durham.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The situation of
+Cicester.</div>
+
+<p>&para; This yeare was Thomas Ruthall made bishop of Durham by Henrie the seauenth,
+touching whose place of birth (being at Cirencester now Cicester) and himselfe,
+I will not refuse to set downe what Leland (about the yeare 1542) hath written, not
+being vnfit h&eacute;ere to be recorded. Cirencester (saith he) in Latine called Corinium
+standeth on the riuer Churne. "There haue b&eacute;ene thr&eacute;e parish churches, whereof
+saint Cicilies church is cleane downe, being of late but a chappell. Saint Laurence
+yet standeth, but it is no parish church. There be two poore almes women endued
+with land. There is now but one parish church in all Cirencester that is verie faire,
+the bodie of which church is all new worke, to the which Ruthall bishop of Durham
+(borne and brought vp in Cirencester) promised much, but (preuented by death)
+gaue nothing. One Anne Aueling aunt to doctor Ruthall by the mothers side, gaue
+one hundred markes to the building of that church. King Henrie the first made the
+hospitall of saint Iohns at Cirencester. Thus farre Leland."</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The bishop was
+one of K. Henrie
+the eights priuie
+councell.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The king c&#333;mmandeth
+him
+to write a booke
+of the whole
+estate of the
+kingdom.</div>
+
+<p>This man thus borne at Cicencester in Glocestershire, and made bishop of Durham,
+was afer the death of king Henrie the seauenth, one of the priuie councell to king
+Henrie the eight; in whose court he was so continuallie attendant, that he could
+not steale anie time to attend the affaires of his bishoprike. But yet not altogither
+carelesse (though not so much as he ought to haue b&eacute;ene) of the place and cause
+from whence and for which he receiued so great reuenues, as came vnto his hands
+from that s&eacute;e. He repaired the third part of Tine bridge next vnto the south, which
+he might well doo; for he was accompted the richest subiect through the realme.
+To whome (remaining then at the court) the king gaue in charge to write a booke of
+the whole estate of the kingdome, bicause he was knowne to the king to be a man
+of sufficiencie for the discharge thereof, which he did accordinglie.</p>
+
+<p>Afterwards, the king commanded cardinall Woolseie to go to this bishop, and to
+bring the booke awaie with him to deliuer to his maiestie. But s&eacute;e the mishap!
+that a man in all other things so prouident, should now be so negligent: and at that
+time most forget himselfe, when (as it after fell out) he had most n&eacute;ed to haue
+remembred himselfe. For this bishop hauing written two bookes (the one to answer
+the kings command, and the other intreating of his owne priuate affaires) did bind
+them both after one sort in vellame, iust of one length, bredth, and thicknesse, and
+in all points in such like proportion answering one another, as the one could not by
+anie especiall note be discerned from the other: both of which he also laid vp togither
+in one place of his studie.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The bishops
+booke of his priuat
+affaires vnaduisedlie
+deliuered
+in st&eacute;ed of
+the kings.</div>
+
+<p>Now when the cardinall came to demand the booke due to the king: the bishop
+vnaduisedlie commanded his seruant to bring him the booke bound in white vellame
+lieng in his studie in such a place. The seruant dooing accordinglie, brought foorth
+one of those bookes so bound, being the booke intreating of the state of the bishop,
+and deliuered the same vnto his maister, who receiuing it (without further consideration<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_541" id="Page_541">[Pg 541]</a></span>
+or looking on) gaue it to the cardinall to beare vnto the king. The cardinall
+hauing the booke, went from the bishop, and after (in his studie by himselfe)
+vnderstanding the contents thereof, he greatlie reioised, hauing now occasion (which
+he long sought for) offered vnto him to bring the bishop into the king's disgrace.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The bishops
+owne booke
+disaduantageable
+to himselfe.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The bishop dieth
+of a sorowfull
+and pensiue conceipt.</div>
+
+<p>Wherefore he went foorthwith to the king, deliuered the booke into his hands,
+and br&eacute;efelie informed the king of the contents thereof; putting further into the king's
+head, that if at anie time he were destitute of a masse of monie, he should not n&eacute;ed
+to s&eacute;eke further therefore than to the cofers of the bishop, who by the tenor of his
+owne booke had accompted his proper riches and substance to the value of a hundred
+thousand pounds. Of all which when the bishop had intelligence (what he had
+doon, how the cardinall vsed him, what the king said, and what the world reported
+of him) he was striken with such gr&eacute;efe of the same, that he shortlie through
+extreame sorrow ended his life at London, in the yeare of Christ 1523. After whose
+death the cardinall, which had long before gaped after the said bishoprike, in singular
+hope to atteine therevnto, had now his wish in effect: which he the more easilie
+compassed, for that he had his nets alwaies readie cast, as assuring himselfe to take
+a trout: following therein a prophane mans cautelous counsell, and putting the same in
+practise; who saith:</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Ouid.</i></div>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Casus vbiq; valet, semper tibi pendeat hamus,<br /></span>
+<span class="i2">Quo minim&egrave; credis gurgite piscis erit.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">1509.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">An. Reg. 24.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The death of
+king Henrie
+the seuenth.</div>
+
+<p>The sicknesse which held the king dailie more and more increasing, he well perceiued
+that his end drew n&eacute;ere, and therefore meaning to doo some high pleasure to
+his people, granted of his fr&eacute;e motion a generall pardon to all men, for all offenses
+doone &amp; committed against anie his lawes or statutes; th&eacute;eues, murtherers, &amp; certeine
+other were excepted. He paied also the f&eacute;es of all prisoners in the gaoles in and
+about London, abiding there onelie for that dutie. He paied also the debts of all such
+persons as laie in the counters of Ludgate for fortie shillings &amp; vnder; and some he
+rel&eacute;eued that were condemned in ten pounds. Herevpon were processions generallie
+vsed euerie daie in euerie citie and parish, to praie to almightie God for his restoring
+to health and long continuance of the same. Neuerthelesse, he was so wasted with
+his long maladie, that nature could no longer susteine his life, and so he departed out
+of this world the two and twentith of Aprill, in his palace of Richmond, in the y&eacute;ere
+of our Lord 1509. His corpse was conueied with all funerall pompe to Westminster,
+and there buried by the good qu&eacute;ene his wife in a sumptuous chapell, which he not
+long before had caused to be builded.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">What children
+he had.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">The description
+of king
+Henrie the
+seuenth.</div>
+
+<p>He reigned thr&eacute;e and twentie yeares, and more than seuen moneths, and liued two
+and fiftie yeares. He had by his qu&eacute;ene Elizabeth foure sonnes, and foure
+daughters, of the which thr&eacute;e remained aliue behind him. Henrie his second son
+prince of Wales, which after him was king, Margaret qu&eacute;en of Scots, and the ladie
+Marie promised to Charles king of Castile. He was a man of bodie but leane and
+spare, albeit mightie and strong therewith; of personage and stature somewhat higher
+than the meane sort of men, of a woonderfull beautie and faire complexion, of countenance
+merie and smiling, especiallie in his communication, his eies graie, his t&eacute;eth
+single, and haire thin, of wit in all things quicke and prompt, of a princelie stomach
+and hautie courage. In great perils, doubtfull affaires, and matters of importance,
+supernaturall and in maner diuine; for he ordered all his dooings aduisedlie and with
+great deliberation.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Iustice mingled
+with mercie.</div>
+
+<p>Besides this, he was sober, moderate, honest, courteous, bountious, and so much
+abhorring pride and arrogancie, that he was euer sharpe and quicke to them that were
+noted with that fault. He was also an indifferent and vpright iusticer, by the which
+one thing he allured to him the hearts of manie people, and yet to this seueritie of his
+he ioined a certeine mercifull pitie, which he did extend to those that had offended<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_542" id="Page_542">[Pg 542]</a></span>
+the penall lawes, and were put to their fines by his iustices. He did vse his rigour
+onelie (as he said himselfe) to dant, bring low, and abate the high minds and stout
+stomachs of the wealthie and wild people, nourished vp in seditious factions and ciuill
+rebellions, rather than for the gr&eacute;edie desire of monie; although such as were scourged
+with amerciaments cried out, and said it was rather for the respect of gaine, than
+for anie politike prouision. Ind&eacute;ed he left his coffers well stuffed, for he was no wastfull
+consumer of his riches by anie inordinat meanes.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Out of the
+bishop of
+Rochesters
+funerall sermon
+preached
+in Paules
+church at London.</div>
+
+<p>To conclude, he had asmuch in him of gifts both of bodie, mind and fortune, as
+was possible for anie potentate or king to haue. His politike wisedome in gouernance
+was singular, his wit alwaie quicke and readie, his reason pithie and substantiall, his
+memorie fresh and holding, his experience notable, his counsels fortunate and taken
+by wise deliberation, his sp&eacute;ech gratious in diuerse languages, his person (as before ye
+haue heard) right comelie, his naturall complexion of the purest mixture, leagues and
+confederations he had with all christian princes. His mightie power was dread euerie
+where, not onelie within his realme but without. Also his people were to him in as
+humble subjection as euer they were to king; his land manie a daie in peace and tranquillitie,
+his prosperitie in battell against his enimies was maruellous, his dealing in
+time of perils and dangers was cold and sober, with great hardinesse. If anie treason
+were conspired against him, it came out wonderfullie. His buildings most goodlie, and
+after the newest cast, all of pleasure.</p>
+
+<p>And so this king liuing all his time in fortunes fauour, in high honour, wealth and
+glorie, for his noble acts and prudent policies is woorthie to be registred in the booke
+of fame, least time (the consumer of all worthie things) should blot out the memorie
+of his name here in earth, whose soule we trust liueth in heauen, enioieng the fruition
+of the godhead, &amp; those pleasures prepared for the faithfull. [In memorie of whome,
+his manifold vertues, with the fortunate successe of his affaires, and the gratious
+descent of his loines, as they procured a famous report in nations farre and n&eacute;ere; so
+haue some at the contemplation of his princelinesse, and euerie waie crowned with
+felicitie, made memorials of his magnificence; to the immortalitie of his high praise
+and vnblemishable renowme: among whome (for the truth of the report iustifiable
+by the contents of this historie) one commeth to mind, which may well serue for an
+epitaph:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Septimus Henricus factis est nomen adeptus<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Pr&aelig;clarum claris ventura in secula fam&aelig;:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Ciuibus ille suis fuerat charissimus, hostes<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Omnes iure ipsum metuebant: numinis almi<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Relligiosus erat cultor, pietatis &amp; &aelig;qui,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Versutos homin&eacute;sque malos vehementi&ugrave;s odit.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Viginti totos charus tr&eacute;sque ampli&ugrave;s annos<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Regibus externis in summo vixit honore:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Magnanimus, iustus rex, prudens atque modestus,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Henrico h&aelig;redi moriens sua regna reliquit,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Diuiti&aacute;sque, immensum argenti pondus &amp; auri.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 892.</i></div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Sepulture of
+Henrie the
+seuenth.</div>
+
+<div class="sidenote">Executors to
+Henrie the seuenth.</div>
+
+<p>&para;The altar and sepulture of the same king Henrie the seuenth, wherein he now
+resteth, in his new chappell at Westminster, was made and finished in the yeare of
+our Lord 1519, by one Peter T. a painter of the citie of Florence, for the which he
+receiued one thousand pounds sterling for the whole stuffe and workemanship, at the
+hands of the king executors, Richard bishop of Winchester, Richard Fitz Iames
+bishop of London, Thomas bishop of Duresme, Iohn bishop of Rochester, Thomas
+duke of Norffolke treasuror of England, Edward earle of Worcester the kings Chamberleine,
+Iohn F. knight, chiefe iustice of the kings Bench, Robert R. knight chiefe
+justice of the common pl&eacute;es, &amp;c.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_543" id="Page_543">[Pg 543]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Of learned men that liued in this kings daies (as maister Bale noteth them) these are
+recorded. First George Rppeleie a Carmelite frier at Boston, s&eacute;ene in the mathematikes,
+he wrote diuerse treatises, and after his decease was accounted a nekromancer;
+Iohn Erghom borne in Yorke, a blacke frier, a doctor of diuinitie professed
+in Oxford, studious of prophesies, as by the title of the works which he wrote it may
+appeare; Iohn Persiuall a Chartreux monke; Thomas Maillorie a Welshman borne,
+he wrote (I wote not what) of king Arthur, and of the round table; Iohn Rousse
+borne in Warwikeshire, a diligent searcher of antiquities, whervpon few libraries were
+any where to be s&eacute;ene in England and Wales, where he made not search for the same,
+and wrote sundrie treatises of historicall arguments. He deceassed at Warwike the
+fourt&eacute;enth of Ianuarie in the yeare 1491, and was buried in our ladie church there.</p>
+
+<div class="sidenote"><i>Dromorensis episcopus.</i></div>
+
+<p>Thomas Scroope, otherwise surnamed Bradleie, descended of the noble familie of the
+Scroops, professed sundrie kinds of religions, as that of the order of saint Benet, and
+saint Dominike, and likewise he became a Carmelite, and last of all he fell to and
+preached the gospell in haire and sackecloth, till he vnderstood himselfe to be in the
+displeasure of Walden and other, that could not awaie with such singularitie in him
+or other, sounding (as they tooke it) to the danger of bringing the doctrine of
+the Romish church in misliking with the people; for then he withdrew himselfe to his
+house againe, and there remained twentie yeares, leading an anchors life, but yet after
+that time he came abroad, and was aduanced to be a bishop in Ireland, and went to
+the Roades in ambassage, from whence, being returned, he went barefooted vp and
+downe in Norffolke, teaching in townes and in the countrie abroad the ten commandements,
+he liued till he came to be at the point of an hundred yeares old, &amp; departed
+this life the fift&eacute;enth day of Ianuarie in the yeare of our Lord 1491, and was buried
+at Lestolfe, in Suffolke.</p>
+
+<p>Iohn Tonneis, a diuine and an Augustine frier in Norwich, wrote certeine rules of
+grammar, and other things printed by Richard Pinson; Gefferie surnamed the Grammarian;
+Iohn Alcocke bishop of Elie, changed a nunrie at Cambridge into a college
+named Iesus college, about the y&eacute;ere of Christ 1496. The chiefe cause of suppressing
+the nunrie is noted to be, for that the abbesse and other of the conuent liued
+dissolute liues; Stephan Hawes a learned gentleman, and of such reputation, as he
+was admitted to be one of the priuie chamber to king Henrie the seuenth; William
+Bintr&eacute;e, so called of a towne in Norffolke where he was borne, by profession a Carmelite
+frier in Burnham, a great diuine; William Gallion an Augustine frier in Lin, and at
+length became prouinciall of his order.</p>
+
+<p>Robert Fabian a citizen and merchant of London, an historiographer, he was in his
+time in good estimation for his wisedome and wealth in the citie, so that he bare
+office and was shiriffe in the yeare 1493; William Celling, borne beside Feuersham in
+Kent, a monke of Canturburie; Thomas Bourchier descended of the noble linage of
+the earles of Essex, was first bishop of Elie, and after remooued from thense to
+Canturburie, succ&eacute;eding Iohn Kemp in that archbishops s&eacute;e, at length created by
+pope Paule the second a cardinall; Philip Bromierd a Dominicke frier a diuine; Iohn
+Miles a doctor of both the lawes, ciuill and canon, he studied in Oxenford in the
+college of Brasen nose, newlie founded in the daies of this king Henrie the seuenth
+by William Smith bishop of Lincolne; Richard Shirborne bishop of Chichester, and
+imploied in ambassage to diuerse princes, as a man most m&eacute;et thereto for his singular
+knowledge in learning and eloquence.</p>
+
+<p>Robert Viduus vicar of Thakest&eacute;ed in Essex, and a prebendarie canon of Welles,
+an excellent poet; Peter Kenighall a Carmelit frier, but borne of worshipfull linage
+in France, hauing an Englishman to his father, was student in Oxenford, and became
+a notable preacher; Iohn Morton first bishop of Elie, and after archbishop of Canturburie
+the sixtie and fourth in number that ruled that s&eacute;e, he was aduanced to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_544" id="Page_544">[Pg 544]</a></span>
+dignitie of a cardinall, and by king Henrie the seuenth made lord chancellor, a worthie
+councellor and a modest, he was borne of worshipfull parents in Cheshire, &amp; departed
+this life in the yeare of our Lord 1500; Henrie Medwall chapleine to the said Morton;
+Edmund Dudleie borne of noble parentage, studied the lawes of this land, and profited
+highlie in knowledge of the same, he wrote a booke intituled Arbor rei public&aelig;, the tr&eacute;e
+of the common wealth: of this man ye haue heard before in the life of this king, and
+more (God willing) shall be said in the beginning of the next king, as the occasion
+of the historie leadeth; Iohn Bokingham an excellent schooleman; William Blackeneie
+a Carmelit frier, a doctor of diuinitie, and a nekromancer.</p>
+
+
+<p class="center">Thus farre Henrie the seuenth, sonne to Edmund earle of Richmond.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="transnote">
+
+<p>Transcriber's Notes:</p>
+
+
+<p>Simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors in the prose were corrected.</p>
+
+<p>Punctuation normalized.</p>
+
+<p>Archaic, colloquial, and non-standard spellings retained as printed.</p>
+
+<p>P. <a href="#Page_528">528</a> changed 1468 to 1498.</p></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and
+Ireland (3 of 6): England (7 of 9), by Raphael Holinshed
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+</body>
+</html>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland
+(3 of 6): England (7 of 9), by Raphael Holinshed
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license
+
+
+Title: Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland (3 of 6): England (7 of 9)
+       Henrie the Seauenth, Sonne to Edmund Earle of Richmond,
+       Which Edmund was Brother by the Moothers Side to Henrie
+       the Sixt
+
+Author: Raphael Holinshed
+
+Release Date: May 18, 2014 [EBook #45681]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND,
+SCOTLAND AND IRELAND (3 OF 6): ENGLAND (7 OF 9) ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Richard Tonsing and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+HENRIE THE SEAUENTH,
+
+sonne to Edmund earle of Richmond, which Edmund was brother by the
+moothers side to Henrie the sixt.
+
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 1.]
+
+[Sidenote: Edward Plantagenet earle of Warwike sonne and heire to
+George duke of Clarence committed to the tower.]
+
+King Henrie hauing thus got the victorie at Bosworth, and slaine his
+mortall enimie there in the field, did send before his departure
+from Leicester, sir Robert Willoughbie knight, to the manour of
+Sheriffehuton in the countie of Yorke, for Edward Plantagenet earle of
+Warwike, sonne and heire to George duke of Clarence then being of the
+age of fifteene yeares; whome king Richard had kept there as prisoner
+during the time of his vsurped reigne. Sir Robert Willoughbie receiuing
+the yoong earle of the constable of that castle conueied him to London
+where he was shut vp in the Tower, for doubt least some vnquiet and
+euill disposed persons might inuent some occasion of new trouble by
+this yoong gentleman: and therefore king Henrie thought good to haue
+him sure.
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie commeth to London.]
+
+There was beside him in the castell of Sheriffehuton the ladie
+Elizabeth eldest daughter to king Edward the fourth, whome king
+Richard (as ye haue heard) meant to haue married: but God otherwise
+ordeined for hir, and perserued hir from that vnlawfull copulation and
+incestuous bed. Shortlie after, she being accompanied with a great
+number as well of noblemen, as honourable matrons, was with good
+speed conueied to London, and brought to hir moother. In the meane
+season king Henrie remooued forward by soft iournies towards London,
+the people comming in from all sides to behold him, and exceedinglie
+reioising at his presence, as by their voices and gestures it well
+appeared.
+
+At his approching neere to the citie, the maior and his brethren,
+with other worshipfull citizens, being clothed in violet, met him at
+Shordich, and reuerentlie saluted him: and so with great pompe and
+triumph he rode thorough the citie to the cathedrall church of S.
+Paule, where he offered three standards. In the one was the image of
+saint George, in an other was a red fierie dragon beaten vpon white and
+greene sarcenet, and in the third was painted a dun cow vpon yellow
+tarterne. After his praiers said, and Te deum soong, he departed to the
+bishops palace, and there soiourned a season. Anon after, he assembled
+togither the sage councellors of the realme, in which councell like a
+prince of iust faith, and true of promise, to auoid all ciuill discord,
+he appointed a daie to ioine in marriage with the ladie Elizabeth,
+heire of the house of Yorke; with his noble personage, heire to the
+line of Lancaster. Which thing not onelie reioised the hearts of the
+nobles and gentlemen of the realme, but also gained the fauours and
+good wils of all the commons.
+
+[Sidenote: Henrie the seuenth crowned king.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1485.]
+
+[Sidenote: A parlement at Westminster, with an atteindor and a pardon
+generall.]
+
+After this, with great pompe he rowed vnto Westminster, & there the
+thirtith daie of October he was with all ceremonies accustomed,
+annointed, & crowned king, by the whole assent as well of the commons
+as of the nobilitie, & called Henrie the seauenth of that name: which
+was in the yeare of the world 5452, and after the birth of our Lord
+1485, in the fortie and sixt yeare of Frederike the third then emperour
+of Almaine, Maximilian his sonne being newlie elected king of the
+Romans, in the second yeare of Charles the eight then king of France,
+and in the fiue and twentith of king Iames then ruling the realme of
+Scotland. For the establishing of all things as well touching the
+preseruation of his owne estate, as the commendable administration
+of iustice and preferrement of the common wealth of his realme, he
+called his high court of parlement at Westminster the seauenth daie of
+Nouember, wherein was atteinted Richard late duke of Glocester, calling
+and naming himselfe by vsurpation, king Richard the third.
+
+Likewise there was atteinted as cheefe aiders and assistants to him
+in the battell at Bosworth, aduanced against the present king, Iohn
+late duke of Norffolke, Thomas earle of Surrie, Francis Louell knight
+vicount Louell, Walter Deuereux knight late lord Ferrers, Iohn lord
+Zouch, Robert Harrington, Richard Charleton, Richard Ratcliffe, William
+Berkeleie of Weleie, Robert Middleton, Iames Harrington, Robert
+Brakenberie, Thomas Pilkington, Walter Hopton, William Catesbie, Roger
+Wake, William Sapcote of the countie of Huntington, Humfrie Stafford,
+William Clerke of Wenlocke, Geffrie saint Germaine, Richard Watkins
+herald of armes, Richard Reuell of Derbishire, Thomas Pulter of the
+countie of Kent, Iohn Welsh otherwise called Hastings, Iohn Kendall
+late secretaire to the said Richard late duke of Glocester, Iohn Bucke,
+Andrew Rat, and William Brampton of Burford.
+
+In which atteindor neuerthelesse there were diuerse clauses and
+prouisos for the benefit of their wiues and other persons, that had
+or might claime anie right, title, or interest lawfullie vnto anie
+castels, manours, lordships, townes, towneships, honours, lands,
+tenements, rents, seruices, fee farmes, annuities, knights fees,
+aduousons, reuersions, remainders, and other hereditaments; whereof the
+said persons atteinted were possessed or seized to the vses of such
+other persons: with a speciall prouiso also, that the said atteindor
+should not be preiudiciall to Iohn Catesbie knight, Thomas Reuell,
+and William Ashbie esquiers, in, of, & vpon the manour of Kirkebie
+vpon Wretheke in the coutie of Leicester, nor in, of, and vpon anie
+other lands and tenements in Kirkebie aforesaid, Melton, Somerbie,
+Thropseghfield, and Godebie, which they had of the gift & feoffement of
+Thomas Dauers, & Iohn Lie. And further, notwithstanding this atteindor,
+diuerse of the said persons afterwards were not onelie by the king
+pardoned, but also restored to their lands and liuings.
+
+[Sidenote: The king aduanceth his freends.]
+
+Moreouer, in this present parlement, he caused proclamation to be made,
+that all men were pardoned and acquited of their offenses, which would
+submit themselues to his mercie, and receiue an oth to be true and
+faithfull vnto him: wherevpon manie that came out of sanctuaries and
+other places were receiued to grace, and admitted for his subiects.
+After this, he began to remember his speciall freends, of whome some
+he aduanced to honour and dignitie, and some he inriched with goods
+and possessions, euerie man according to his deserts and merits. And
+to begin, his vncle Iasper earle of Penbroke, he created duke of
+Bedford; Thomas lord Stanleie was created earle of Derbie; and the lord
+Chendew of Britaine his especiall freend, he made earle of Bath; sir
+Giles Daubeneie was made lord Daubeneie; sir Robert Willoughbie was
+made lord Brooke. And Edward Stafford eldest sonne to Henrie late duke
+of Buckingham, he restored to his name, dignitie, & possessions, which
+by king Richard were confiscat and atteinted. Beside this, in this
+parlement was this notable act assented to and concluded as followeth;
+to the pleasure of almightie God, wealth, prosperitie, and suertie of
+this realme of England, and to the singular comfort of all the kings
+subiects of the same, in auoiding all ambiguities and questions.
+
+
+An act for the establishing of the crowne in the line of Henrie the
+seauenth.
+
+Be it ordeined, established, and enacted by this present parlement,
+that the inheritance of the crown of this realme of England, & also
+of France, with all the preheminence, and dignitie roiall to the same
+apperteining, all other seigniories to the king belonging beyond the
+sea, with the appurtenances thereto in anie wise due or apperteining,
+shall rest, remaine, and abide, in the most roiall person of our now
+souereigne lord king Henrie the seuenth, and in the heires of his bodie
+lawfullie comming, perpetuallie, with the grace of God so to indure,
+and in none other.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Sidenote: The king redeemeth his hostages.]
+
+Beside this act, all atteindors of this king enacted by king Edward
+and king Richard were adnihilated, and the record of the same iudged
+to be defaced; and all persons atteinted for his cause and occasion
+were restored to their goods, lands, and possessions. Diuerse acts also
+made in the time of king Edward and king Richard were reuoked, and
+other adiudged more expedient for the common wealth were put in their
+places and concluded. After the dissolution of this parlement, the king
+remembring his freends left in hostage beyond the seas, that is to wit,
+the marquesse Dorset, sir Iohn Bourchier, he with all conuenient speed
+redeemed them, and sent also into Flanders for Iohn Morton bishop of
+Elie. These acts performed, he chose to be of his councell a conuenient
+number of right graue and wise councellors.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Flem. ex subsequentib._]
+
+[Sidenote: See the historie of Engl[=a]d pag. 124.]
+
+[Sidenote: See also D. _Powels_ historie of Wales, pag. 2. and 376,
+377, &c.]
+
+[Sidenote: See before in Edward the fourth, pag. 302.]
+
+¶ This did he, that he might the more roiallie gouerne his kingdome,
+which he obteined and inioied as a thing by God elected and prouided,
+and by his especiall fauour and gratious aspect compassed and atchiued.
+Insomuch that men commonlie report that seauen hundred nintie & seauen
+yeeres passed, it was by a heauenlie voice reuealed to Cadwalader last
+of king Britains, that his stocke & progenie should reigne in this land
+& beare dominion againe. Wherevpon most men were persuaded in their
+owne opinion, that by this heauenlie voice he was prouided & ordeined
+long before to inioy & obteine this kingdome. Which thing K. Henrie the
+sixt did also shew before, as it were by propheticall inspiration, at
+such time as the earle of Penbroke presented the said Henrie (at that
+time a proper child) vnto Henrie the sixt, whome after he had beheld,
+and a good while viewed the comlinesse of his countenance, and orderlie
+lineaments of his bodie, he said to such peeres as stood about him: Lo,
+suerlie this is he, to whome both we and our aduersaries, leauing the
+possession of all things, shall hereafter giue roome and place: & so it
+came to passe by the appointment of God, to whose gouernement, gift,
+and disposing, all realmes and all dominions are subiect, as king Dauid
+confesseth, saieng:
+
+    Omnia sunt regno subdita regna Dei.
+
+[Sidenote: _Gu. Ha. in psal. 103._]
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie the seuenth taketh to wife Elizabeth eldest
+daughter of Edward the fourth.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1486.]
+
+[Sidenote: _In Hen. 7._]
+
+Now although by this meanes all things seemed to be brought in good and
+perfect order, yet there lacked a wrest to the harpe, to set all the
+strings in a monocord and perfect tune, which was the matrimonie to be
+finished betweene the king and the ladie Elizabeth, daughter to king
+Edward. Which like a good prince, according to his oth, & promise, he
+did both solemnize & consummate shortlie after, that is to saie, on
+the eighteenth daie of Ianuarie. By reason of which marriage, peace
+was thought to descend out of heauen into England, considering that
+the lines of Lancaster and Yorke were now brought into one knot, and
+connexed togither, of whose two bodies one heire might succeed to rule
+and inioie the whole monarchie and realme of England, which before was
+rent and diuided into factions & partakings, whereby manie a mans life
+was lost, great spoiles made of peoples goods, wast of wealth, worship,
+and honor, all which ended in this blessed and gratious connexion,
+authorised by God, as our Anglorum praelia saith:
+
+    Hoc Deus omnipotens pacis confecerat author,
+    Ciuilisque habuit tandem contentio finem.
+
+[Sidenote: Yeomen of the gard first brought in.]
+
+Shortlie after, for the better preseruation of his roiall person, he
+constituted and ordeined a certeine number, as well of archers, as
+of diuerse other persons, hardie, strong, and actiue to giue dailie
+attendance on his person, whom he named yeomen of his gard, which
+president men thought that he learned of the French king when he was
+in France. For it is not remembered, that anie king of England before
+that daie vsed anie such furniture of dailie souldiers. ¶ In this same
+yeere a new kind of sickenes inuaded suddenlie the people of this land,
+passing through the same from the one end to the other. It began about
+the one and twentith of September, and continued vntill the latter end
+of October, being so sharpe and deadlie, that the like was neuer heard
+of to anie mans remembrance before that time.
+
+[Sidenote: The sweating sickenesse.]
+
+[Sidenote: A remedie for the sweating sickenesse.]
+
+For suddenlie a deadlie burning sweat so assailed their bodies and
+distempered their bloud with a most ardent heat, that scarse one
+amongst an hundred that sickened did escape with life: for all in
+maner as soone as the sweat tooke them, or within a short time after
+yeelded the ghost. Beside the great number which deceassed within the
+citie of London, two maiors successiuelie died within eight daies and
+six Aldermen. At length, by the diligent obseruation of those that
+escaped (which marking what things had doone them good, and holpen to
+their deliuerance, vsed the like againe.) When they fell into the same
+disease, the second or third time, as to diuerse it chanced, a remedie
+was found for that mortall maladie, which was this. If a man on the
+day time were taken with the sweat, then should he streight lie downe
+with all his clothes and garments, and continue in his sweat foure and
+twentie houres, after so moderate a sort as might be.
+
+If in the night he chanced to be taken, then should he not rise out
+of his bed for the space of foure and twentie houres, so casting
+the clothes that he might in no wise prouoke the sweat, but lie so
+temperatlie, that the water might distill out softlie of the owne
+accord, and to absteine from all meat if he might so long suffer
+hunger, and to take no more drinke neither hot nor cold, than, would
+moderatelie quench and asswage his thirstie appetite. Thus with
+lukewarme drinke, temperate heate, and measurable cloaths manie
+escaped: few which vsed this order (after it was found out) died of
+that sweat. Marie one point diligentlie aboue all other in this cure is
+to be obserued, that he neuer did put his hand or feet out of the bed
+to refresh or coole himselfe, which to doo is no lesse ieopardie than
+short and present death. Thus this disease comming in the first yeare
+of king Henries reigne, was iudged (of some) to be a token and signe of
+a troublous reigne of the same king, as the proofe partlie afterwards
+shewed it selfe.
+
+[Sidenote: The king requested a prest of six thousand markes.]
+
+[Sidenote: A parlement summoned & new lawes for the common-wealth
+enacted.]
+
+The king standing in need of monie to discharge such debts, and to
+mainteine such port as was behouefull, sent the lord treasurer with
+maister Reginald Braie, and others, vnto the lord maior of London,
+requiring of the citie a prest of six thousand marks. Wherevpon the
+said lord maior and his brethren, with the commons of the citie,
+granted a prest of two thousand pounds, which was leiued of the
+companies, and not of the wards; and in the yeare next insuing, it was
+well and trulie againe repaid euerie penie, to the good contentation
+and satisfieng of them that disbursed it. The king considering that
+the suertie of his roiall estate and defense of the realme consisted
+cheefelie in good lawes and ordinances to be had and obserued among
+his people summoned eftsoones his high court of parlement, therein to
+deuise and establish some profitable acts and statutes, for the wealth
+and commoditie of his people.
+
+[Sidenote: The king goeth into the North.]
+
+[Sidenote: A rebellion made by the lord Louell and others.]
+
+After this, hauing set things in quiet about London, he tooke his
+iournie into the North parts, there to purge all the dregs of malicious
+treson that might rest in the hearts of vnquiet persons, and namelie in
+Yorkeshire, where the people bare more fauour vnto king Richard in his
+life time, than those of anie other part of the realme had commonlie
+doone. He kept the feast of Easter at Lincolne; where he was certified
+that the lord Louell and Humfrie Stafford, and Thomas Stafford, his
+brother, were departed out of the sanctuarie at Colchester, to what
+place or whither, no man as yet could tell. The king little regarding
+the matter, kept on his iournie, and came to Yorke, where as soone as
+he was once setled, it was openlie shewed and declared for a truth to
+the king himselfe, that Frances lord Louell was at hand with a strong
+and mightie power of men, and would with all diligence inuade the citie.
+
+[Sidenote: Humfrie Stafford.]
+
+[Sidenote: Thomas Stafford.]
+
+It was also told him, that the forenamed Staffords were in
+Worsetershire, and had raised a great band of the countrie people and
+commons there, and had cast lots what part should assault the gates,
+what men should scale the wals of the citie of Worcester, and who
+should let the passages for letting of rescues and aiders. The king
+could not beleeue this report to be true at the first, but after that,
+by letters of credence sent from his freends, he was fullie persuaded
+that it was too true, he was put in no small feare, and not without
+great cause. For he wiselie considered, that he neither had anie
+competent armie readie, nor conuenient furniture to arme them that were
+present: and also he was in such place, where he could not assemble
+anie power, but of those whome he sore mistrusted, as freends to them
+that were most his enimies; the memorie of king Richard as yet being
+not amongst them forgotten nor worne out of mind.
+
+[Sidenote: The duke of Bedford against the lord Louell in armes.]
+
+But bicause the matter required quicke expedition, he appointed the
+duke of Bedford with three thousand men not altogither the best armed
+(for their brest plates for the most part were of tanned leather) to
+march foorth against the lord Louell, and to set vpon him without anie
+lingering of time. The duke hasting forward, approched to the campe
+of his enimies, & before he would assaile them, he caused the heralds
+to make proclamation, that all those that would depart from their
+armour, and submit themselues as subiects vnto their naturall prince
+and souereigne lord, should be pardoned of all former offenses. The
+lord Louell vpon this proclamation, either putting mistrust in his
+souldiers, or fearing himselfe in his owne behalfe, fled priuilie in a
+night from his companie, and left them as a flocke of sheepe without a
+sheepeheard.
+
+[Sidenote: The lord Louell escapeth.]
+
+Which departure of the lord when his armie vnderstood, it put the
+souldiers in such despaire of atchiuing anie further enterprise, that
+they immediatlie put off their armour, and came directlie vnto the
+duke, euerie man humblie submitting himselfe, and desiring pardon of
+his offenses. So in this wise was that dangerous storme and cruell rage
+of those furious rebels appeased, which was doubted would haue growne
+to the destruction of manie a man. The lord Louell the procurer of this
+businesse, escaping awaie got him into Lancashire, and there for a
+certeine space lay lurking in secret with sir Thomas Broughton knight,
+which in those parties was a man of no small authoritie and power.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Humfrie Stafford taken out of Colnham sanctuarie, and
+executed.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 2.]
+
+Sir Humfreie Stafford also, hearing what had happened to the lord
+Louell, in great displeasure and sorrowe, and for feare left his
+enterprise, and in like manner fled, and tooke sanctuarie at Colnham,
+a village not past two miles from Abindon. But bicause that sanctuarie
+was not a sufficient defense (as was prooued before the iustices of the
+kings Bench) for traitours, he was taken from that place, & brought to
+the Tower, & after put to execution at Tiborne: but his brother Thomas
+that was with him, was pardoned, bicause he was thought not to haue
+attempted anie thing of himselfe otherwise than by the euill counsell
+and persuasion of his elder brother. After that the king had quieted
+all these commotions and tumults, and reformed the rude and brabling
+people of the North parts, he returned to London.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex Epitome Rich. Grafton._]
+
+[Sidenote: One of the maiors officers chosen shiriffe of L[=o]don and
+lord maior.]
+
+¶ In this yeare Iohn Persiuall, one of the maior of Londons officers,
+and his caruer, was chosen one of the shiriffes of London. For when the
+maior (as the custome of London is) dooth elect one of the shiriffes of
+London for the yeare insuing, by taking and drinking a cup of wine to
+such a one as he lust to name shiriffe; the maior for the time being,
+whose name was sir Henrie Collet, tooke the cup of wine, and dranke
+vnto the aforesaid Iohn Persiuall his caruer standing bareheaded before
+him, and waiting vpon his boord, and called him shiriffe of London
+for the yeare insuing: and foorthwith the said maior caused the same
+Persiuall to sit downe at his owne table, and to couer his head. And
+the same Persiuall tooke vpon him the office of shiriualtie, and after
+was maior of London, and was made knight.
+
+In this meane time, of a small matter, and the same altogither false
+and fained, there was an open path made and beaten foorth, for a
+greater inconuenience to insue. The which matter might seeme verie
+strange, how such trouble and mischeefe should grow thereof, if the
+time were not considered, in which it happened. For in those daies
+manie persons, either borne in the wombe of continuall dissention, or
+nourished with the milke of ciuill sedition, could not forbeare their
+vsuall custome of moouing strife, and sowing debate, euer glad to haue
+anie occasion, though neuer so small, to stirre vprores of warre, and
+slaughter of people. Which men if they knew (a matter of weightie
+conceipt) the hurts thereof, they would be as earnest in seeking after
+peace as they are greedie in pursuit of warre, speciallie ciuill
+warre: but the cause whie they are defectiue therein, is the want of
+meekenesse and humilitie, as the wiseman saith:
+
+    Mite cor horribili seditione vacat.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Richard Simond a fraudulent preest. Lambert Simenell the
+counterfeit earle of Warwike.]
+
+Amongst other such monsters and limmes of the diuell, there was one
+sir Richard Simond preest, a man of base birth, and yet well learned,
+but not so learned as wilie, nor so wilie as vngratious, delighting in
+fraud & deceit, euen from his youth. He had a scholer called Lambert
+Simenell, one of a gentle nature and pregnant wit, to be the organe and
+cheefe instrument, by the which he might conueie and bring to passe his
+mischeeuous attempt. The diuell cheefe master of such practises, put in
+the venemous braine of this disloiall and traitorous preest to deuise
+how he might make his scholer the foresaid Lambert to be reputed as
+right inheritour to the crowne of this realme: namelie, for that the
+fame went that king Edwards children were not dead but fled secretlie
+into some strange place, and there to be liuing: and that Edward earle
+of Warwike, sonne and heire to the duke of Clarence, either was, or
+shortlie should be put to death.
+
+These rumors though they seemed not to be grounded of anie likelihood
+to the wiser sort of men, yet incouraged this peeuish priest to thinke
+the time come, that his scholer Lambert might take vpon him the person
+and name of one of king Edwards children. And herevpon at Oxford, where
+their abiding was, the said preest instructed his pupill both with
+princelie behauiour, ciuill maners, and good literature, declaring to
+him of what linage he should affirme himselfe to be descended, and
+omitted nothing that might serue for his purpose. Soone after, the
+rumor was blowne abroad, that the earle of Warwike was broken out of
+prison. And when the preest sir Richard Simond heard of this, he
+streight intended now by that occasion to bring his inuented purpose to
+passe, and changing the childes name of baptisme, called him Edward,
+after the name of the yoong earle of Warwike, the which were both of
+like yeares, and of like stature.
+
+[Sidenote: Thomas Gerardine chancellor of Ireland interteineth the
+counterfeit earle verie honorablie.]
+
+Then he with his scholer sailed into Ireland, where he so set foorth
+the matter vnto the nobilitie of that countrie, that not onelie the
+lord Thomas Gerardine chancellor of that land deceiued though his
+craftie tale, receiued the counterfeit earle into his castell with all
+honour and reuerence; but also manie other noble men determined to aid
+him (with all their powers) as one descended of the bloud roiall and
+lineallie come of the house of Yorke, which the Irish people euermore
+highlie fauoured, honoured, and loued aboue all other. By this meanes
+euerie man through out all Ireland was willing and readie to take his
+part, and to submit themselues to him; alreadie reputing and calling
+him of all hands king. So that now they of this sect (by the aduise of
+the preest) sent into England certeine priuie messengers to get freends
+heere.
+
+[Sidenote: Margaret the duchesse of Burgognie sister to king Edward the
+fourth, hir malicious mind to Lancaster house.]
+
+Also they sent into Flanders to the ladie Margaret, sister to king
+Edward, & late wife to Charles duke of Burgognie, to purchase aid and
+helpe at hir hands. This ladie Margaret bare no small rule in the low
+countries, and in verie deed sore grudged in hir heart, that king
+Henrie (being descended of the house of Lancaster) should reigne and
+gouerne the realme of England: and therefore though she well vnderstood
+that this was but a coloured matter; yet to worke hir malicious
+intention against king Henrie, she was glad to haue so fit an occasion:
+and therfore promised the messengers all the aid that she should be
+able to make in furtherance of the quarell; and also to procure all the
+freends she could in other places, to be aiders and partakers of the
+same conspiracie.
+
+[Sidenote: A generall pardon excepting no off[=e]se.]
+
+[Sidenote: Order taken that the yoong earle of Warwike should be shewed
+abroad.]
+
+King Henrie aduertised of all these dooings, was greatlie vexed
+therewith: and therefore to haue good aduise in the matter, he
+called togither his councell at the Charterhouse beside his manor of
+Richmond, and there consulted with them, by which means best this
+begun conspiracie might be appeased and disappointed without more
+disturbance. It was therefore determined, that a generall pardon should
+be published to all offendors that were content to receiue the same.
+This pardon was so freelie granted that no offense was excepted, no not
+so much as high treason committed against the kings roiall person. It
+was further agreed in the same councell for the time then present, that
+the earle of Warwike should personallie be shewed abroad in the citie,
+and other publike places: whereby the vntrue report falselie spred
+abroad, that he should be in Ireland, might be among the communaltie
+prooued and knowne for a vaine imagined lie.
+
+[Sidenote: Ladie Elizabeth late wife to king Edward the fourth,
+adiudged to forfeit all hir lands for promise-breaking.]
+
+In this solemne councell, diuerse & manie things for the wealth of the
+realme were debated and concluded. And among other it was determined,
+that the ladie Elizabeth wife to king Edward the fourth, should loose
+and forfeit all hir lands and possessions, bicause she had voluntarilie
+submitted hir selfe and hir daughters wholie to the hands of king
+Richard, contrarie to hir promise made to the lords and nobles of this
+realme in the beginning of the conspiracie made against king Richard,
+whereby she did inough to haue quailed all the purpose of them that
+ioined with hir in that matter. But though hir fault was greeuous,
+yet was it iudged by some men that she deserued not by equitie of
+iustice so great a losse and punishment. Howbeit, this iudgement was
+altogether affectionate and parciall in hir behalfe; besides that it
+was reasonable in great measure (all circumstances considered) for she
+was not lightlie induced to doo as she did, neither stood it with the
+frailtie of a woman to withstand the temptations of a mightie man, or
+rather a reaching tyrant.
+
+[Sidenote: Queenes Colledge in Cambridge founded by the ladie Elizabeth
+king Edward the fourth his wife.]
+
+But such was hir chance by hir lightnesse and inconstancie, that she
+wan the displeasure of manie men, and for that cause liued after in
+the abbeie of Bermondseie beside Southwarke a wretched and a miserable
+life, where not manie yeares after she deceassed and is buried with
+hir husband at Windsore. Though fortune thus ruleth manie things
+at hir plesure, yet one worke that this queene accomplished cannot
+be forgotten: for in the life time of hir husband king Edward the
+fourth, she founded and erected a notable colledge in the vniuersitie
+of Cambridge, for the finding of scholers and students of the same
+vniuersitie, and endowed it with sufficient possessions for the long
+maintenance of the same, which at this daie is called the Queenes
+colledge.
+
+[Sidenote: Edward the right earle of Warwike shewed openlie in
+procession.]
+
+When all things in this counsell were sagelie concluded and agreed to
+the kings mind, he returned to London; giuing in commandement, that
+the next sundaie insuing, Edward the yoong earle of Warwike should be
+brought from the Tower through the most publike streets in all London,
+to the cathedrall church of saint Paule, where he went openlie in
+procession, that euerie man might see him, hauing communication with
+manie noble men, and with them especiallie that were suspected to be
+partakers of the late begun conspiracie; that they might perceiue how
+the Irishmen vpon a vaine shadowe mooued warre against the king and
+his realme. But this medicine little auailed euill disposed persons.
+For the earle of Lincolne sonne to Iohn de la Poole duke of Suffolke,
+and Elizabeth sister to king Edward the fourth, thought it not meet to
+neglect and omit so readie an occasion of new trouble.
+
+[Sidenote: An ill matter followed to the proofe.]
+
+Wherefore they determined to vphold the enterprise of the Irishmen, and
+other complices of this conspiracie; so that consulting with sir Thomas
+Broughton, and certeine other of his most trustie freends, he purposed
+to saile into Flanders to his aunt the ladie Margaret duchesse of
+Burgognie, trusting by hir helpe to make a puissant armie, and to ioine
+with the companions of the new raised sedition. Therefore after the
+dissolution of the parlement which then was holden, he fled secretlie
+into Flanders vnto the said ladie Margaret; where Francis lord Louell
+landed certeine daies before. Heere after long consultation had how to
+proceed in their businesse, it was agreed, that the earle of Lincolne,
+and the lord Louell should go into Ireland; and there to attend vpon
+the duchesse hir counterfeit nephue, and to honor him as a king, and
+with the power of the Irishmen to bring him into England.
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Lincolnes flight into Flanders doubted of king
+Henrie.]
+
+Now they concluded, that if their dooings had successe, then the
+foresaid Lambert (misnamed the earle of Warwike) should by consent of
+the councell be deposed, and Edward the true earle of Warwike deliuered
+out of prison and annointed king. King Henrie supposing that no man
+would haue beene so mad as to haue attempted anie further enterprise in
+the name of that new found & counterfeit earle, he onelie studied how
+to subdue the seditious conspiracie of the Irishmen. But hearing that
+the earle of Lincolne was fled into Flanders, he was somwhat mooued
+therewith, and caused soldiors to be put in a readinesse out of euerie
+part of his realme, and to bring them into one place assigned, that
+when his aduersaries should appeare, he might suddenlie set vpon them,
+vanquish and ouercome them.
+
+[Sidenote: The marques Dorset committed to the Tower.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1487.]
+
+[Sidenote: Martine Sward a valient capteine of the Almains, assistant
+to the earle of Lincolne.]
+
+Thus disposing things for his suertie, he went towards S. Edmunds
+burie, and being certified that the marquesse Dorset was comming
+towards his maiestie, to excuse himselfe of things that he was
+suspected to haue doone when he was in France, he sent the earle of
+Oxford to arrest the said marques by the waie, and to conueie him
+to the Tower of London, there to remaine till his truth might be
+tried. From thence the K. went foorth to Norwich, and tarrieng there
+Christmasse daie, he departed after to Walsingham, where he offered to
+the image of our ladie, and then by Cambridge he shortlie returned to
+London. In which meane time, the earle of Lincolne had gotten togither
+by the aid of the ladie Margaret about two thousand Almains, with one
+Martine Sward, a valiant and noble capteine to lead them.
+
+[Sidenote: The counterfeit earle of Warwike with all his abherents
+landeth in England.]
+
+With this power the earle of Lincolne sailed into Ireland, and at the
+citie of Diuelin caused yoong Lambert to be proclaimed and named king
+of England, after the most solemne fashion, as though he were the verie
+heire of the bloud roiall lineallie borne and descended. And so with a
+great multitude of beggerlie Irishmen, almost all naked and vnarmed,
+sauing skains and mantels, of whome the lord Thomas Gerardine was
+capteine and conductor, they sailed into England with this new found
+king, and landed for a purpose at the pile of Fowdreie, within a little
+of Lancaster, trusting there to find aid by the meanes of sir Thomas
+Broughton, one of the cheefe companions of the conspiracie.
+
+The king had knowledge of the enimies intent before their arriuall,
+and therefore hauing assembled a great armie (ouer the which the duke
+of Bedford, and the earle of Oxenford were cheefe capteins) he went
+to Couentrie, where he was aduertised, that the earle of Lincolne was
+landed at Lancaster with his new king. Heere he tooke aduise of his
+councellors what was best to be doone, whether to set on the enimies
+without further delaie, or to protract time a while. But at length
+it was thought best to delaie no time but to giue them battell,
+before they should increase their power, and therevpon he remooued to
+Notingham, & there by a little wood called Bowres, he pitched his field.
+
+[Sidenote: K. Henries power soone increased.]
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Lincolne entreth Yorkeshire.]
+
+Shortlie after this came to him the lord George Talbot earle of
+Shrewesburie, the lord Strange, sir Iohn Cheinie, right valiant
+capteins, with manie other noble and expert men of warre, namelie
+of the countries neere adioining; so that the kings armie was
+woonderfullie increased. In this space the earle of Lincolne being
+entered into Yorkeshire, passed softlie on his iournie without spoiling
+or hurting of anie man, trusting thereby to haue some companie of
+people resort vnto him. But after he perceiued few or none to follow
+him, and that it was too late now to returne backe, he determined to
+trie the matter by dint of sword, and herevpon directed his waie from
+Yorke to Newarke vpon Trent.
+
+[Sidenote: The battell of Stoke.]
+
+But before he came there, king Henrie knowing all his enimies purposes,
+came the night before the daie of the battell to Newarke; and tarrieng
+there a little, went three miles further, and pitching his field,
+lodged there that night. The earle of Lincolne certified of his
+comming, was nothing abashed, but kept still on his iournie; and at a
+little village called Stoke, nigh to the king and his armie, set downe
+his campe. The next daie the king diuided his whole power into three
+battels, and after in good arraie approched nigh to the towne of Stoke.
+The earle likewise set foorth his armie, and incountring with the kings
+people in a faire plaine there, meet for the triall of such a conflict,
+set vpon them with a manlie courage, desiring his soldiors to remember
+his honour and their owne liues.
+
+[Sidenote: The armies ioine.]
+
+[Sidenote: Martine Sward a peerlesse warrior.]
+
+Then both the armies ioined and fought verie earnestlie, in so much
+that the Almains, being tried and expert men of warre, were in all
+things, as well in strength as policie, equals and matches to the
+Englishmen. But as for Martine Sward their coronell, few of the
+Englishmen, either in valiant courage, or strength, and nimblenesse of
+bodie was to him comparable. On the other side, the Irishmen, although
+they fought manfullie, and stucke to it valiantlie; yet bicause they
+were (after the maner of their countrie) almost naked, without anie
+conuenable furniture of armour, they were striken downe and slaine like
+dull & brute beasts, which was a great discouragement to the residue of
+the companie. Thus they fought for a space so sore and so egerlie on
+both parts, that no man could well iudge to whome the victorie was like
+to incline.
+
+[Sidenote: The kings power ouercommeth.]
+
+[Sidenote: All the capteins of the aduerse part against the king
+slaine.]
+
+But at length the kings fore-ward being full of people, and well
+fortified with wings, which onelie both began and continued the fight,
+set vpon the aduersaries with such force and violence, that first they
+oppressed and killed such capiteins, one by one, as resisted their
+might and puissance: and after that, put all the other to flight, the
+which were either apprehended as prisoners in their running awaie, or
+else slaine and brought vnto confusion in a small moment. Now when
+this battell was ended, and fought out to the extremitie, then it
+well appeared, what high prowesse, what manfull stomachs, what hardie
+and couragious hearts rested in the kings aduersaries. For there the
+cheefe capteins, the earle of Lincolne, and the lord Louell, sir
+Thomas Broughton, Martine Sward, and the lord Gerardine capteine of
+the Irishmen were slaine, and found dead in the verie places which they
+had chosen aliue to fight in, not giuing one foot of ground to their
+aduersaries.
+
+[Sidenote: The number of the slaine that were against the king.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lambert and his maister Simond tak[=e].]
+
+Howbeit some affirme, that the lord Louell tooke his horsse, and would
+haue fled ouer Trent, but was not able to recouer the further side for
+the highnesse of the banke, and so was drowned in the riuer. There
+were killed at that battell, with their fiue capteins before rehersed,
+of that partie about foure thousand. Of the kings part there were
+not halfe of them which fought in the fore-ward, and gaue the onset
+slaine or hurt. Then was Lambert the yoongling, which was falslie
+reported to be the sonne of the duke of Clarence, and his maister sir
+Richard Simond priest both taken, but neither of them put to death;
+bicause that Lambert was but an innocent, and of yeares insufficient
+of himselfe to doo any such enterprise; and the other was pardoned of
+life, bicause he was a priest, and annointed man; but yet was committed
+to perpetuall prison.
+
+[Sidenote: Morton bishop of Elie made archbishop of Canturburie and
+chancellor of England.]
+
+Lambert was at length made one of the kings falconers, after that he
+had beene a turnebroch for a space in the kings kitchen. This battell
+was fought on a saturdaie being the sixteenth daie of Iune, in this
+second yeere of his reigne. In this yeere died Thomas Bourchier
+archbishop of Canturburie: and Iohn Morton bishop of Elie; a man of
+excellent learning, vertue and policie, succeeded in his place, whom
+Alexander pope of Rome, the sixt of that name, created a cardinall, and
+the king created him also chancellor of England. Of which pope (hauing
+so conuienient a place to speake) it were a fault to omit the ambition,
+accompanied with other disorders vnbeseeming a successor of Peter (but
+neither personallie nor locallie) as all the brood of them brag of
+themselues, & will be intituled with a primasie, vsurped.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex Guic. pag 4, 5._]
+
+[Sidenote: Creation of pope Alexander the sixt, otherwise called
+Roderike Borgia borne at Venice.]
+
+[Sidenote: Corruption of Cardinals in the election of the pope.]
+
+¶ This Alexander the sixt pope of that name, was sometime an ancient
+cardinall, and one of the greatest in all the court of Rome. One meane
+that raised him to the seat of the pope, was the difference betweene
+the cardinals Ascanius Sforce, and Iulian S. Petri ad Vincula: but the
+chiefest thing that accomplished his election, was, that with a new
+example for that time, he bought by the consent and knowledge of euerie
+one, partlie for monie, and partlie with promises of offices and great
+dignities, manie voices of the cardinals, who reiecting the instruction
+of the gospell, were not ashamed to passe to him by sale, an authoritie
+and power to make merchandize of the holie tresures, & that with the
+name of the celestiall authoritie in the most high part of the temple.
+
+To which abhominable & too prophane negotiation manie of them were
+induced by the cardinall Ascanius, but that was not more with
+persuasions and sutes, than with his example: for that being corrupted
+with the infinit desire of riches, he made the pope promise him
+for his hire and recompense of so great wickednesse, the office of
+vicechancellorship (the principallest place in the court of Rome)
+togither with benefices, castels, and his palace of Rome full of
+mooueables of great valour. But the pope for all this could not auoid;
+neither for the time to come, the iudgment and iuistice of God; nor
+for the present, the infamie and iust hate of men, in whom for this
+election was no small impressions of astonishment and horror, not
+onelie for that it was intangled with meanes dishonest, but also
+bicause the natures and conditions of the man chosen, were (for the
+greatest part) knowen to manie.
+
+[Sidenote: Pope Alexander the sixt corrupted with manie vices.]
+
+Manie sentences and coniectures were made of his successe. And amongst
+other, Ferdinand king of Naples, dissembling openlie the griefe he
+had of that election, signified to the queene his wife with teares
+(which he was woont to forbeare euen in the death of his children)
+that there was created a pope who wold be most hurtfull to Italie,
+and the whole common weale of Christendome. A iudgement not vnworthie
+of the wisedome of such a prince: for that in Alexander the sixt (for
+so would this new pope be called) was a subtiltie, sharpenesse, and
+expedition of wit most singular, a counsell excellent, a woonderfull
+efficacie in persuasion, and in all great affaires a iudgement and care
+incredible. But these vertues were maruellouslie defaced by his vices,
+for touching his maners and customes, they were verie dishonest, in his
+administrations he expressed little sinceritie, in his countenance no
+shame, in his words small truth, in his heart little faith, and in his
+opinion lesse religion. Of the contrarie all his actions were defiled
+with an insatiable couetousnesse, and immoderate ambition, a barbarous
+crueltie, and a burning desire to raise and make great (by what meanes
+soeuer) his children, who were manie in number; and amongst others, one
+no lesse detestable than the father, to whose cursed counsels he became
+a wicked instrument. Thus much (by waie of digression) of Alexander,
+a pope (as you heare) well qualified, and therefore forward enough to
+creat cardinals both in England and elsewhere of like disposition. But
+to returne to the storie.
+
+[Sidenote: Thanks giuen to God after victorie.]
+
+[Sidenote: Execution vpon the offendors.]
+
+After that the king had got the vpper hand of his enimies, he remooued
+to Lincolne, and there taried three dais, causing euerie of the same
+daies solemne processions to be made in rendering thanks to God for
+his fortunate victorie. Then caused he execution to be done, of such
+rebels & traitors as were taken in the field, either at the battell,
+or in the chase. And shortlie after he went into Yorkeshire, & there
+coasted the countrie ouerthwart, searching out such as had aided his
+enimies and were thought to be seditious persons, whome he punished,
+some by imprisonment, some by fines, and some by death: according to
+the qualitie of their offenses, and as was thought most expedient [not
+by extremitie of rigor inclining to tyrannie, but by due moderation of
+iustice tempering execution with clemencie; according to the good rule
+of iustice prescribed by the wise man, saieng:
+
+    Sobria commissum plectat elementia crimen,
+    Parua negat poenam culpa subire grauem.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Gu. Fla. in eccle. cap. 10._]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 3]
+
+[Sidenote: Fox bishop of Excester sent ambassador into Scotland.]
+
+[Sidenote: A truce with Scotland for seuen yeares.]
+
+About the middest of August entering into the third yere of his reigne,
+he came to Newcastell vpon Tine, and from thence sent in ambassage into
+Scotland Richard Fox, latelie before made bishop of Execster, and with
+him Richard Edgecombe knight, controller of his house, to conclude some
+peace or truce with king Iames of Scotland. The English ambassadors
+were honorablie receiued, and louinglie interteined of the said king,
+who gladlie would haue concluded a perpetuall peace with the king of
+England, if he might haue bene licenced so to haue doone: but his
+people being stedfast in their old accustomed vsage, would not agree
+to anie peace, but yet were contented to gratifie their king that he
+should take truce with England for the tearme of seuen yeares, which
+was concluded.
+
+Then was secret promise made by king Iames, that he would not onlie
+obserue peace, & continue in perfect amitie with the king of England
+during his life, but also would renew againe this truce new taken for
+other seuen yeers, before the first seuen yeers were fullie expired.
+The king of Scots indeed was as desirous of the king of Englands
+friendship, as the king of England was of his: bicause that his
+subiects bare him much euill will, misliking with all things that
+either he could doo or saie. [So that his regiment was no longer liked,
+than they were in a good mood, which was when they were well minded;
+and that was neuer: for that if by gentlenesse he allured them, they
+esteemed him a flatterer; if by seueritie, a tyrant. And therefore it
+stood him vpon to strengthen himselfe against such a people, of whose
+pleasure & displeasure depended his estate.]
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie returneth out of the north countrie.]
+
+[Sidenote: The French kings request for aid against Fr[=a]cis duke of
+Britaine.]
+
+K. Henrie after the returne of his ambassadors out of Scotland, came
+from Newcastell to Yorke, and so toward London, and in the way being
+at Leicester, there came to him ambassadors from Charles the French
+king, which declared both the recouerie of certeine townes out of the
+hands of Maximilian king of Romans, which he had wrongfullie deteined
+from the crowne of France before that time; and also that their maister
+king Charles had now wars in hand against Francis duke of Britaine,
+bicause that he succoured and mainteined diuers noble men, as the duke
+of Orleance and others, that were rebels and traitors, against him
+and the realme of France. Wherefore his request was, that for the old
+familiaritie that had bene betwixt them, he would either assist and
+helpe him, or else stand neuter betwixt them, neither helping nor yet
+hurting the one nor the other.
+
+Vpon good and deliberate aduise taken in this matter, bicause it was
+iudged weightie, the king for answer told the French ambassadors, that
+he would neither spare paine nor cost, to set some reasonable staie
+betwixt their souereigne lord king Charles, and the duke of Britaine:
+so that a finall end and some perfect conclusion of friendship might
+be had betwixt them. And so as soone as the French ambassadors were
+returned home, the king sent his chapleine Christopher Urswike ouer
+into France to king Charles, as well to shew that he was glad of
+the victorie which he had against Maximilian; as to declare what a
+tempestuous storme of ciuill rebellion himselfe had escaped & ouercome
+heere in England.
+
+[Sidenote: King Henries offer to make an attonement betwixt the French
+king and the duke.]
+
+[Sidenote: Christopher Urswike.]
+
+But the chiefest point of Urswikes errand consisted in this, that
+he should intimate to the French king, how his maister king Henrie
+offered himselfe as a mediator betwixt him and the duke of Britaine,
+to make them friends: and if he perceiued that the French king gaue
+eare herevnto, then should he go into Britaine, to mooue the duke
+there to be contented, that some reasonable order might be taken for a
+quietnesse to be had betwixt the French king and him. Whilest Urswike
+was trauelling in this matter (according to his commission) the king
+came backe againe to London, where he was receiued of the citizens with
+great ioy and triumph, they being heartlie glad and greatlie reioising
+that he with such good successe had subdued his enimies.
+
+[Sidenote: The marques Dorset deliuered out of the Tower.]
+
+[Sidenote: The kings loue to his wife queene Elizabeth.]
+
+Shortlie after, he deliuered the lord Thomas marques Dorset out of the
+Tower, receiuing him againe to his former fauor and old familiaritie:
+bicause his truth and loialtie by diuerse assaies and sundrie arguments
+had beene throughlie tried, and sufficientlie prooued. In which meane
+time, the king for the great loue that he bare to his wife queene
+Elizabeth, caused hir to be crowned and anointed queene on saint
+Katharins day in Nouember, with all solemnitie, as in such cases
+apperteineth. In the meane season Christopher Urswike (according to his
+commission) trauelled betweene the French king and the duke of Britaine
+in the king of Englands Name to make them friends. But although the
+French king seemed willing enough to haue peace, yet meant he nothing
+lesse. For he had as manie subtilties in his heart, as there be faces
+in the world, according to the poet.
+
+    Pectoribus fraudes tot sunt quot in orbe figurae.
+
+[Sidenote: The duke of Orleance partaker with the duke of Britaine.]
+
+For whilest he went about with faire words, courteous letters, and
+sweet promises to beare the king of England in hand to labour a peace
+betwixt him and the Britains, he inforced his whole puissance to subdue
+them, and besieged the citie of Nants. And on the other part, the duke
+of Orleance being withdrawne to the duke of Britaine, and one that
+ruled most about him, had no liking to heare of peace, but did what he
+could to hinder it. The English ambassador Christopher Urswike (hauing
+thus passed from the French king to the duke of Britaine, and backe
+againe to the French king) returned shortlie after into England, and
+shewed vnto king Henrie what he had doone betwixt them.
+
+Immediatlie after came to the French king the lord Bernard Daubeneie
+a Scot borne, which on the French kings behalfe required K. Henrie
+to make some maner of end of those Brittish warres, whatsoeuer it
+were. King Henrie being desirous of the same, sent ouer againe into
+France, Iohn the abbat of Abingdon, sir Richard Edgecombe knight, and
+the forenamed Christopher Urswike, with full and perfect commission &
+long instructions how to proceed, in driuing of some agreement betwixt
+the Frenchmen and the Britons. These orators (according as they had
+in commandement) first went vnto the French king, and after they had
+communed with him, sir Richard Edgecombe, and Christopher Urswike
+departed streight to the duke of Britaine, in full hope to conclude a
+peace, vpon such offers and articles as they had to propone vnto him.
+
+[Sidenote: 1488.]
+
+[Sidenote: Edward lord Wooduile aideth the duke of Britaine without the
+kings c[=o]sent.]
+
+But all their hope was vaine, for the duke refused to agree vpon anie
+such articles and conditions as they offered; and so without concluding
+anie thing with the duke, they returned backe into France; and from
+thence signified to the king of England by letters all that they knew,
+or had doone. But in the meane time, Edward lord Wooduile, vncle to the
+queene, sued to king Henrie that he might haue a power of men appointed
+to him, with the which he would steale priuilie ouer without licence
+or passeport, so that euerie man should thinke that he was fled the
+realme, without knowledge of the king, for that no warre should arise
+by his meanes betwixt the realmes of France and England, and yet should
+the duke of Britaine be aided against the power of the Frenchmen, which
+sought to vanquish him, that they might ioine his countrie vnto the
+dominion of France: which in no wise ought to be suffered, considering
+what annoiance & hurt the same might bring to the realme of England in
+time to come.
+
+[Sidenote: Lord Wooduile gathereth a power in the Ile of wight.]
+
+Although this request was vtterlie denied, and that the lord Wooduile
+was streightlie commanded by the king to make no such attempt; yet
+could not all that staie him, but that withdrawing him into the Ile
+of Wight, whereof he was made ruler and capteine, he there gathered
+togither a crue of tall & hardie personages, to the number of 400, &
+with prosperous wind & weather arriued in Britaine, and ioined himselfe
+with the Britons against the Frenchmen. The French king aduertised
+herof, was not well plesed in his mind towards the king of England;
+till K. Henrie by new messengers informed him how guiltlesse he was
+in the matter, and that by plaine and euident proofes. With the which
+excuse the French king seemed to be the better pacified, and was
+content to dissemble the matter.
+
+[Sidenote: The league renewed betweene England and France.]
+
+[Sidenote: The king calleth a parlement.]
+
+Then the English ambassadors, renewing the league and amitie betwixt
+king Henrie & the French king, for the space of twelue moneths, they
+returned into England, and shewed the king all things that they had
+either heard or seene; so that he perceiued that the French king dealt
+craftilie in this matter of Britaine, still motioning peace when he
+meant nothing else but warre. He therefore called his high court of
+parlement, in the which it was not onelie determined that the duke of
+Britaine should be aided with a power of men against the wrongfull
+inuasions of the Frenchmen, but also there were diuerse summes of
+monie granted to the furnishing foorth and maintenance of the same.
+And immediatlie herevpon, the king sent his ambassadors into France to
+certifie the French king what the estates assembled in parlement here
+in England had decreed.
+
+[Sidenote: A peremptorie ambassage out of England into France.]
+
+Wherefore he required him either to surceasse the warres which he
+had in hand against the Britons, or else not to be greeued though he
+condescended to the iudgement and determination of the lords both
+spirituall and temporall, and commons of his realme, in taking vpon him
+the defense of the duke of Britaine; promising neuerthelesse that the
+English armie should onelie take land within the duchie of Britaine,
+and seeke to defend the same against all those that did inuade it, and
+not to make anie warre within the French dominions. This message was
+nothing regarded of the French king, in so much that the French armie
+proceeded in oppressing the Britons, destroieng the countrie, and
+besieging townes.
+
+[Sidenote: The battell of saint Aulbin in Britaine, betweene the duke
+of Britaine and the French king.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lord Wooduile slaine.]
+
+At length on the seuen and twentith, or (as the chronicles of Aniou
+haue) the eight and twentith daie of Iulie, the duke of Britains armie
+gaue battell to the French host neere to a towne called saint Aulbin,
+hauing apparelled a thousand and seuen hundred of the Britons in coates
+with red crosses, after the English fashion, to make the Frenchmen
+beleeue that they had a great number of Englishmen, although they had
+but foure hundred onelie with the lord Wooduile. The victorie in this
+battell fell to the Frenchmen, so that almost all the Englishmen were
+slaine with the lord Wooduile, beside six thousand Britons. The duke
+of Orleance and the prince of Orainge were taken prisoners, which were
+there on the Britons part. The Frenchmen lost twelue hundred men, and
+amongst other, that valiant Italian capteine Iames Galeot.
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie sendeth foorth his armie against the French.]
+
+These newes being brought into England, caused king Henrie to make
+hast in sending foorth his armie, and therefore was the lord Brooke,
+with sir Iohn Cheinie, sir Iohn Middleton, sir Rafe Hilton, sir
+Richard Corbet, sir Thomas Leighton, sir Richard Laton, and sir Edmund
+Cornewall sent ouer into Britaine with all conuenient speed, hauing
+with them an eight thousand men, well armed and furnished in warlike
+wise, to aid the duke of Britaine against the Frenchmen. These lustie
+capteins being arriued in Britaine, after they had a little refreshed
+them, marched forward, and comming neere to their enimies, pitched
+downe their field, not farre from the Frenchmens campe.
+
+[Sidenote: When the French be inuincible.]
+
+[Sidenote: Francis duke of Britaine dieth.]
+
+The Frenchmen by experience knowing the Englishmen (so long as they be
+fresh and lustie) in maner to be inuincible, thought not good to match
+with them in open battell, till they were somewhat wearied lieng and
+lingering abroad in the field. And therefore at the first they sought
+to wearie them with light skirmishes, appointing their horssemen to
+giue them alarmes, & some skirmishes; in the which the Frenchmen, by
+reason of the English archers (which galled both men and horsses) were
+euer put to the worsse. But behold the mutabilitie of worldlie chances!
+Whiles this warre was thus set forward, Francis duke of Britaine
+departed this life, & then the cheefe rulers of Britaine, falling
+at dissention among themselues, tendered not the defense of their
+countrie, but rather minded the destruction thereof.
+
+[Sidenote: The duchie of Britaine incorporated to the realme of France.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Iohn Stow._]
+
+[Sidenote: The birth of prince Arthur.]
+
+Herevpon the Englishmen, perceiuing in what danger they were, and
+considering that it was in the middest of winter, a time not meet for
+men of warre to lie in the cold and frostie fields, they returned into
+England, within fiue monethes after their first setting foorth. So that
+finallie the French king got the vpper hand of the Britons, and did
+incorporate that duchie to his realme and crowne of France, as in the
+historie of France it may appeere at large. ¶ In Iuly this yeere was
+a prest leuied for the king in the citie of London, of foure thousand
+pounds, which was repaied the yeare next following. In September, the
+queene was deliuered at Winchester of her first sonne, named prince
+Arthur; and the fiue and twentith of Nouember (next insuing) she was
+crowned at Westminster with all due solemnitie.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 4.]
+
+[Sidenote: The collectors of the subsidie complaine to the earle of
+Northumberland that they cannot get in the tax monie.]
+
+Yee haue heard, how there was in the last parlement monie granted for
+the furnishing foorth of the armie into Britaine; that is to wit, it
+was agreed, that euerie man should be taxed after the rate of his
+substance, to paie the tenth penie of his goods. Which monie the most
+part of them that dwelled in the bishoprike of Durham, and in the
+parties of Yorkeshire refused vtterlie to paie: either for that they
+thought themselues ouercharged with the same; or were procured to shew
+themselues disobedient, thorough the euill counsell of some seditious
+persons, which conspired against the king, to put him to new trouble.
+Therefore such as were appointed collectors, after that they could not
+get the monie, according to their extract deliuered to them by the
+commissioners, they made their complaint priuilie to Henrie the fourth
+earle of Northumberland, chiefe ruler of the North parts.
+
+[Sidenote: 1489.]
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Northumberland murthered by the northerne
+rebels at the instigation and setting on of Iohn a Chamber.]
+
+The earle foorthwith signified to the king all that matter, and the
+king not willing to pardon them of anie one penie (least the example
+might doo hurt by incouraging others to shew the like stubbornes in
+other parts of the realme) c[=o]manded the earle either by distresse
+or otherwise, to leuie the monie as he should thinke most meet. The
+rude and beastlie people hearing of this answer from the king, by and
+by with great violence set vpon the earle by the exciting of a simple
+fellow named Iohn a Chamber, whome the erle with faire words sought to
+appease. But they like vnreasonable villaines, alledging all the fault
+to be in him, as chiefe author of the tax, furiouslie and cruellie
+murthered both him and diuerse of his houshold seruants. Diuerse
+affirme that the Northerne men bare against this earle continuall
+grudge euer since the death of king Richard, whom they entirelie
+fauoured.
+
+[Sidenote: A rebellion in the north for a tax granted by parlement.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Iohn Egremond capteine rebell.]
+
+Although this offense was great and heinous; yet there succeeded a more
+mischiefe: for incontinentlie (to cloke this presumptuous murther) the
+Northerne men got them to armour, and assembling togither, chose them
+a capteine, no lesse seditious than desirous of trouble, called sir
+Iohn Egremond knight; and passing by the countries, they published and
+declared that they would bid the king battell onlie in defense of their
+liberties & common freedome, of the which he went about to beereaue
+them. But when the matter should come to be tried with blowes, their
+harts so fainted that they scattered awaie, euerie man seeking to saue
+himselfe by flight: but that little auailed them.
+
+[Sidenote: Thomas erle of Surrie sent with a power against the north
+rebels.]
+
+[Sidenote: Iohn a Ch[=a]ber hanged like an archtraitor.]
+
+For the king hearing of this businesse, sent foorth Thomas earle of
+Surreie (whome not long before he had deliuered out of the Tower,
+and receiued to his speciall fauour) with a crue of men, to chastise
+those rebels of the north parts, who skirmished with a certeine
+companie of them, and them discomfited, and took aliue Iohn a Chamber,
+the first beginner of this rebellion. The king himselfe road after
+into Yorkeshire, of whose comming the sturdie rebels were so abashed
+and afraid, that they fled more and lesse; which afterward were
+apprehended, and punished according to their demerits. Yet the king of
+his clemencie pardoned the innocent people, and executed the chiefe
+procurers. For Iohn a Chamber was hanged at Yorke on a gibbet set vpon
+a square paire of gallowes like an archtraitor, and his complices and
+lewd disciples were hanged on the lower gallowes round about their
+maister, to the terrible example of other.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Iohn Egremond flieth into Flanders.]
+
+[Sidenote: The king boroweth a gret summe of monie of the ch[=a]ber of
+Lond[=o].]
+
+But sir Iohn Egremond fled into Flanders to the ladie Margaret duchesse
+of Burgognie, that euer enuied the prosperitie of king Henrie. After
+this the king returned to London, leauing the earle of Surreie to rule
+the north parts, and appointed sir Richard Tunstall, a man of great
+wit and policie, to gather the subsidie to him due of the people.
+This yeare the king borrowed of euerie alderman of London two hundred
+pounds, and of the Chamber nine thousand eightie two pounds seuenteene
+shillings foure pence; which he repaied againe to the vttermost, with
+great equitie and thankefulnes. [A vertue verie laudable in this good
+king, and so much the more noteworthie as it is rare; speciallie in
+mightie men and great estates of the world, that count what soeuer they
+can catch their owne, as though the pursses of their people were theirs
+to possesse at pleasure & vse at lust, without conscience or care of
+restitution. Which foule fault Ecclesiasticus noteth (affirming that
+all is lost that is lent them) in expresse words, saieng:
+
+[Sidenote: _Gu. Ha. in Eccle. cap. 8._]
+
+    Reddere magnates nolunt, quae mutua sumunt,
+    Mutua quae trades interiisse scias.]
+
+[Sidenote: A rebellion in Flanders.]
+
+[Sidenote: Maximilian king of Romans imprisoned at Bruges by the
+townesmen.]
+
+In this season, the emperour Frederike made warre against the Flemings,
+namelie against Bruges and certeine townes of Flanders, which had
+rebelled against his sonne Maximilian king of Romans, their liege
+and souereigne lord; in so much that they of Bruges had not onelie
+slaine his officers but imprisoned him within their towne, till they
+had caused him to pardon all their offenses, and also to sweare neuer
+to remember, nor reuenge the same in time to come. But his father
+Frederike the emperour could not suffer such a reproch & dishonour
+doone to his sonne (whose fame & princelie estate as he tendered and
+had in gelosie; so was it his hart greefe and immoderat vexation that
+he should be abused of open contemners, in such villanous sort as
+tended highlie to the indignitie of his person, and the aggrauating of
+their offense and punishment) to passe vnreuenged, & therefore scourged
+the countrie of Flanders with sharpe and cruell warre.
+
+[Sidenote: The lord Cordes maketh aduanage of occasion.]
+
+The lord of Rauenstein being driuen to take the same oth, that his
+master Maximilian tooke at Bruges, to shew that the warre was not begun
+with his assent, forsooke Maximilian his lord, and tooke the townes of
+Ipre and Sluis, with both the castels of the same hauen, and further
+did not onelie stir the Cantois, Brugeans, and other towns of Flanders,
+to rebell against their souereigne lord; but also sent to the French
+kings lieutenant in Picardie, the lord Cordes, to aid him to conquer
+such townes of Flanders, as were not of his opinion. The lord Cordes,
+otherwise called monsieur de Querdes, was glad to haue so good occasion
+to set foot in Flanders, as he that had sufficient instructions of his
+maister the French king, vpon anie such offred occasion so to doo,
+sent foorthwith to the aid of the Flemings eight thousand Frenchmen,
+commanding them to conquer such townes, as were in the waie betwixt
+France and Bruges.
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie sendeth the lord Daubeneie and the lord Morleie
+against the French.]
+
+The capteins, according to his deuise, besieged a little walled towne
+called Dixmew, to whome came foure thousand Flemings with vittels and
+artillerie, sent from the lord of Rauenstein. They laid siege on the
+north side of the towne, in a marish ground then being drie, and so
+deepelie ditched and rampired their campe about (on which rampire they
+laid their ordinance) that it was in maner impossible to enter their
+campe, or doo them anie displeasure or damage. The K. of England was
+dailie aduertised of these dooings, which nothing lesse desired than
+to haue the English pale inuironed with French fortresses. Wherefore
+to preuent that mischiefe in time, with all expedition he sent ouer to
+the lord Daubeneie, then his deputie of Calis, the lord Morleie, with a
+crue of valiant archers & souldiers, to the number of a thousand men,
+with priuie instructions what they should doo.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Humfrie Talbot with his six score archers.]
+
+At their comming ouer it was bruted abroad, that they were sent onelie
+to defend the English pale, against all attempts that might vpon
+the sudden in anie wise be made by the Frenchmen, or Flemings: but
+their enterprise was all otherwise. For on a tuesday at the shutting
+of the gates at night, the lord Daubeneie chiefeteine of the armie,
+the lord Morleie, sir Iames Tirrell capteine of Guisnes, sir Henrie
+Willoughbie, sir Gilbert Talbot, and sir Humfreie Talbot marshall of
+Calis, with diuerse other knights, and esquiers, and other of the
+garisons of Hammes, Guisnes, and Calis, to the number of two thousand
+men or thereabouts, issued priuilie out of Calis, & passed the water
+of Graueling in the morning betimes; and left there for a stale, and
+to keepe the passage, sir Humfreie Talbot, with six score archers, and
+came to Newport, where they found the souereigne of Flanders with six
+hundred Almains, and there they staied that night.
+
+[Sidenote: The good service of a wretch that should haue beene hanged.]
+
+[Sidenote: A policie.]
+
+On the next daie they went toward Dixmew, and by the guiding of a
+prisoner, that should haue beene hanged on the next morning, they
+issued out of the south gate of the towne of Dixmew, and were conueied
+by their said guide by an high banke set with willowes; so that the
+Cantois could not well espie them, and so secretlie gat to the end of
+their enimies campe, and there paused. The lord Daubeneie commanded all
+men to send their horsses and wagons backe, but the lord Morleie said
+he would ride till he came to hand strokes. Thus they marched foorth
+till they came to a low banke, and no deepe ditch, where the ordinance
+laie; and there the archers shot altogither, euerie man an arrow, and
+so fell prostrate to the ground. The enimies herewith discharged their
+ordinance, and ouershot them.
+
+[Sidenote: The lord Morleie slaine.]
+
+[Sidenote: The number of the slaine on both parts.]
+
+The Almains lept ouer the ditch with their morice pikes. The Englishmen
+in the fore-front waded the ditch, and were holpen vp by the Almains,
+and set on their enimies, and tooke manie prisoners. The other
+Englishmen hasted by the causie to enter in at the north gate of the
+campe, where the lord Morleie being on horssebacke in a rich coate,
+was slaine with a gun. When his death was knowen, euerie man killed
+his prisoner, and slue all such as did withstand them, to the number
+of eight thousand men; in so much that of two thousand that came out
+of Bruges (as the Flemish chronicle reporteth) there came not home one
+hundred. On the English part was slaine the lord Morleie, and not an
+hundred more.
+
+[Sidenote: The English souldiers inriched.]
+
+[Sidenote: Newport besieged by the Frenchmen.]
+
+The Englishmen tooke their ordinance and sent it to Newport, with
+all the spoile and great horsses. And by the waie hearing certeine
+Frenchmen to be at Ostend, they made thitherward: but the Frenchmen
+fled, and so they burned part of the towne, and came againe to Newport,
+where the lord Daubeneie left all the Englishmen that were hurt and
+returned to Calis, where he buried the bodie of the lord Morleie. The
+Englishmen got great riches at this field, for they that went foorth in
+cloth, came home in silke, and those that went out on foot, came home
+on great horsses. The lord Cordes being at Ipre with twentie thousand
+men, was sore displeased with this ouerthrow; & therefore thinking to
+be reuenged, besieged the towne of Newport right stronglie, and shot
+dailie at the wals, breaking them in manie places.
+
+[Sidenote: English archers.]
+
+But the Englishmen that were hurt at Dixmew field before, and might
+either stand or draw bowe, neuer came from the wals. On a daie the
+Frenchmen gaue a great assault to a tower, and perforce entered it,
+and set vp the banner of the lord Cordes. But see the chance! During
+the time of the assault, there arriued a barke with foure score fresh,
+English archers, which came streight to the tower, and did so much,
+that what with the helpe of such as before were wounded and hurtmen,
+and of the couragious harts of the new come archers incouraged greatlie
+by the women of the towne, crieng; Shoot Englishmen, shoot: the tower
+was regained out of the Frenchmens hands, and the banner of the lord
+Cordes rent in peeces, and in place thereof the penon of saint George
+set vp. Then the Frenchmen, supposing a great aid of Englishmen to haue
+beene come to the towne by sea, left the assault.
+
+[Sidenote: The malicious and foolish words of the lord Cordes.]
+
+[Sidenote: Iames king of Scots slaine by his owne subiects.]
+
+And the night following, the enuious lord Cordes (which so sore longed
+for Calis, that he would commonlie saie that he could be content to
+lie seuen yeares in hell, so that Calis were in possession of the
+Frenchmen) brake vp his siege, and returned to Helding with shame.
+And the Englishmen glad of this victorie returned to Calis. This
+yeare Iames the third of that name king of Scots was slaine by his
+owne subiects, after they had vanquished him in a pight field. About
+the same time one Adrian an Italian was sent in ambassage from pope
+Innocent the eight into Scotland, to haue taken vp the variance betwixt
+the king there and his people. But being arriued here in England, he
+was informed that king Iames was slaine, and therfore taried here
+certeine moneths.
+
+[Sidenote: Adrian an Italian made bishop in Hereford, and after of Bath
+and Welles.]
+
+And for that he was a man of excellent learning, vertue, and humanitie,
+the archbishop of Canturburie Iohn Morton so commended him to the king,
+that he made him first bishop of Hereford, and shortlie after, that
+resigned and giuen ouer, he promoted him to the bishoprike of Bath
+and Welles. And after that with these honors he was returned to Rome,
+he was aduanced by all the degrees of spirituall dignities into the
+college of the cardinals. And worthie sure he was of great preferment,
+for by his meanes, learned men were mooued to seeke out the vse of
+eloquent writing and speaking in the Latine toong, he being the first
+in the time of our fathers that taught the trade to choose and vse apt
+words and fit termes.
+
+[Sidenote: 1490.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 6.]
+
+[Sidenote: Ambassadors from the Fr[=e]ch king to the king of England.]
+
+In the sixt yeare of king Henries reigne there came ambassadors to
+him from the French king the lord Francis of Lutzenburgh, Charles
+Marignane, and Robert Gaguine minister of the Bonnehommes of the
+trinitie. The effect of their comming was to haue concluded a peace
+with king Henrie, and that with good will the French king might dispose
+of the mariage of the yoong duchesse of Britaine, as he should thinke
+good; and to make void the contract and former mariage, which by proxie
+the deputie of Maximilian king of Romans had before time contracted &
+made with hir. But thereto would not king Henrie gaue his consent, euer
+harping on this string, that the maiden being once lawfullie combined
+in matrimonie with Maximilian, ought not to be compelled against hir
+will and promise (yea and contrarie to all law, right and equitie) to
+take anie other person than him to hir spouse and husband.
+
+[Sidenote: K. Henrie is loth that the French king should marrie the
+duchess of Britaine.]
+
+In deed king Henrie was loth that the French king should marrie the
+duchesse of Britaine himselfe (as he perceiued his meaning was) and so
+ioine the duchie of Britaine to the crowne of France: and therefore
+he did what he could to hinder that bargaine. Yet at length it was
+agreed that a forme of a league should be drawen with conditions,
+clauses, and couenants. And for full concluding of the same, it was
+thought expedient, that the king of England should send ambassadors
+to the French king to finish all matters betwixt them. Wherevpon the
+French ambassadors being dismissed with great rewards, streightwaies
+Thomas erle of Ormond, and Thomas Goldenston prior of Christes church
+in Canturburie, were appointed by the king to follow them into France,
+instructed fullie in althings that he would haue on his behalfe either
+moued or determined.
+
+[Sidenote: Lionell bishop of Concordia sent from the pope to the French
+king.]
+
+In this meane space, Lionell the bishop of Concordia was sent as
+oratour from pope Alexander the sixt to the French king for certeine
+matters: and amongst other things, he had in charge to conclude a peace
+and vnitie betwixt the French king and the king of England. He moouing
+this matter to the French king, found him nothing strange to incline to
+his motion. Wherevpon the bishop of Concordia conceiuing good hope, and
+therewith desirous (as became him best bearing that title) to set an
+attonement betwixt those two kings, tooke his iournie towards England,
+to the intent he might mooue king Henrie to be agreeable therevnto,
+and so comming to Calis, found the English ambassadors there, being
+so farre on their waie towards the French king; and being honorablie
+receiued of them into that towne, after they had communed togither, the
+bishop tooke the sea, and was transported ouer into England, and the
+ambassadors departed towards the French king.
+
+[Sidenote: The duchesse of Britaine maried to K. Charles.]
+
+After the bishop of Concordia had talked with king Henrie, and
+perceiued that (vpon reasonable conditions) he could be content to
+conclude a peace with all christian princes, and to liue in rest after
+so manie troubles afore time susteined, the said bishop returned backe
+into France to sollicit this purpose to some perfect conclusion. But
+the Frenchmen so handled the matter, that whilest they outwardlie
+shewed how they desired nothing but freendship and amitie, they allured
+the yoong dutchesse of Britaine to submit hirselfe wholie to their
+discretion, so that shortlie after she was maried to king Charles. Now
+the English ambassadors, after they perceiued which waie the wind would
+blow, returned againe to their countrie, and nothing doone or agreed
+vpon in their matter.
+
+[Sidenote: A parlement wherin king Henrie openeth the iust cause of
+making warres against France.]
+
+King Henrie sore troubled in his mind therwith, determining no
+more with peaceable messages, but with open warre to determine all
+controuersies betwixt him and the French king, called his high court of
+parlement, and there declared the cause why hee was iustlie prouoked
+to make warre against the Frenchmen: and therefore desired them of
+their beneuolent aid of men and monie toward the maintenance therof.
+The cause was so iust, that euerie man allowed it; and to the setting
+foorth of the war taken in hand for so necessarie an occasion, euerie
+man promised his helping hand. The king commended them for their
+true and faithfull hearts. And to the intent that he might spare the
+poorer sort of the commons (whome he euer desired to keepe in fauor)
+he thought good first to exact monie of the richest sort by waie of a
+beneuolence.
+
+[Sidenote: Who first deuised the execution of monie called a
+beneuolence.]
+
+[Sidenote: See pag. 331.]
+
+Which kind of leuieng monie was first deuised by king Edward the
+fourth, as it appeareth before in his historie. King Henrie following
+the like example, published abroad, that by their open gifts he would
+measure and search their beneuolent hearts and good minds toward him;
+so that he that gaue most, should be iudged to be his most louing
+freend; and he that gaue little, to be esteemed according to his gift.
+By this it appeareth, that whatsoeuer is practised for the princes
+profit, and brought to a president by matter of record, maie be turned
+to the great preiudice of the people, if rulers in authoritie will so
+adiudge and determine it. But by this means king Henrie got innumerable
+great summes of monie, with some grudge of the people, for the
+extremitie shewed by the commissioners in diuers places.
+
+[Sidenote: 1491.]
+
+[Sidenote: Albert the duke of Saxonies policie to get the towne of Dam.]
+
+Ye haue heard before, how the lord of Rauenstein, by the aid of Bruges
+& Gant, had taken the towne and two castels of Sluis, which he kept
+against his souereigne lord Maximilian, and getting into the hauen
+certeine ships and barks, robbed, spoiled, & tooke prisoners the
+ships and vessels of all nations that passed alongest by that coast,
+towards the mart at Antwerpe, or into anie part of Brabant, Zeland,
+or Friseland, and was euer sufficientlie vittelled out of France and
+Picardie. There was a little towne also two miles from Bruges towards
+the sea, called Dam, which was a bulworke to Bruges, and an hedspring
+to Sluis. The king of Romans had attempted the wining of this towne
+diuerse times, but missed his purpose; till at length Albert duke of
+Saxonie, a great freend to the king of Romans, by policie found meanes
+to get it.
+
+This duke feining himselfe as a neuter betwixt the king of Romans,
+and the rebels of Flanders, required of the lords of Bruges, that he
+might enter peaceablie into their towne according to his estate, with
+a certeine number of men of armes, to communicate with them diuerse
+matters of great weight, and sent before his cariages and herbengers
+to make prouision. They of Bruges were in no doubt of him, so that his
+men of warre entered into the citie in good order, and he followed.
+They that went before, inquired for innes and lodgings, as though they
+would haue rested there all the night, and so went foorth still in
+order asking after lodgings, till they came at the gate that leadeth
+directlie toward Dam, distant from Bruges a Flemish mile, which is
+called the bulworke of Bruges.
+
+[Sidenote: The duke of Saxonie sendeth for aid to king Henrie to win
+Sluis.]
+
+The capteins and inhabitants of Dam suspecting no harme to come out of
+Bruges, thought their freends (knowing some danger towards) had sent
+them aid, and so nothing mistrusting those that approched their towne,
+suffered them to enter, and so was the towne of Dam taken by sleight,
+which could not be woone by open force. This chance sore displeased
+them of Bruges, for now could they haue no recourse to the sea; so
+that they must needs fall into ruine and decaie. The duke of Saxonie
+thus hauing woone the towne of Dam, sent to the king of England, that
+if it would please him to minister anie aid by sea, hee would besiege
+Sluis by land. Wherevpon the king of England, vpon due consideration
+of the dukes motion (as he was wise enough in all his enterprises, and
+no lesse fortunate in the issue of the same) would conclude nothing
+vpon the sudden, but (as he did alwaies) ruled his affaires by good
+counsell, like to the wise man commended in the holie scripture:
+
+[Sidenote: _Gu. Ha. in Tob. 4._]
+
+    Consilio sapiens semper sua facta gubernat.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Edward Poinings a valiant capteine sent into Flanders
+with an armie.]
+
+[Sidenote: One Vere brother to the earle of Oxford slaine.]
+
+At last he well remembring that Sluis was a rousenest, and a verie den
+of theeues to them that trauersed the seas towards the east parts,
+incontinentlie dispatched sir Edward Poinings a right valiant knight
+and hardie capteine, with twelue ships well furnished with bold
+souldiers and sufficient artillerie. Which sir Edward sailed into the
+hauen, and kept the lord of Rauenstein from starting by sea. The Duke
+of Saxonie besieged one of the castels, lieng in a church ouer against
+it: and the Englishmen assaulted the lesse castell, and issued out of
+their ships at the ebbe, neuer suffering their enimies to rest in quiet
+one day togither, for the space of twentie daies, and euerie day slue
+some of their aduersaries; and on the English part were slaine one
+Vere, brother to the earle of Oxford, and fiftie more.
+
+The lord of Rauenstein had made a bridge of botes betweene both the
+castels, to passe from the one to the other; which bridge one night the
+Englishmen did set on fire. Then he, perceiuing that he must lose his
+castels by force, and that the Flemings could not aid him, yeelded the
+castels to sir Edward Poinings, and the towne to the duke of Saxonie,
+vpon certeine conditions. Sir Edward Poinings kept the castels a while,
+of whom the Almains demanded their wages, bicause the duke had nothing
+to paie. Then these two capteins so handled them of Bruges, that they
+not onelie submitted themselues to their lord Maximilian; but also were
+contented to paie and dispatch the Almains. And so sir Edward Poinings
+taried there a long space, and at length returned to the king before
+Bullogne.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 866._]
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex Edw. Hull, in Hen. 7._ _fo._ xxiij. _&c._]
+
+[Sidenote: Granado woone from the Turks or Saracens.]
+
+The sixt day of Aprill this present yeare, the nobles of the realme
+assembled in the cathedrall church of S. Paule in London, where the
+maior of the same citie, his brethren the aldermen, and the craftesmen
+in their liueries also assembled: to whome doctor Morton chancellor
+made an oration, declaring how the king of Spaine had woone the great
+and rich citie & countrie of Granado from the Turks: for ioy whereof Te
+Deum was soong with great solemnitie. ¶ But bicause it is requisite and
+necessarie in this ample volume, to set downe the report of accidents
+as they are to be found at large in our owne English writers: you shall
+heare for the furtherance of your knowledge in this matter concerning
+Granado, what Ed. Hall hath left noted in his chronicle. Which although
+it conteine diuerse actions of superstition, and popish trumperie: yet
+should it not offend the reader, considering that a people estranged
+from the true knowledge of God and sincere religion put the same in
+practise, as supposing principall holinesse to consist in that blind
+deuotion.
+
+On the sixt of Aprill (saith he) this yeere, the king commanded all
+the nobilitie of his realme to assemble at the cathedrall church of S.
+Paule in London, where (after Te Deum solemnlie soong) the cardinall
+of Canturburie, standing on the steps before the quier doore, declared
+to the people, how the famous citie of Granado, which manie yeares
+had beene possessed of the Moores or Mauritane nation, being infidels
+& vnchristened people, was now of late besieged a great time by Don
+Ferdinando and Elizabeth his wife, king and queene of Spaine, Arragon,
+and Castile. And the said infidels, by reason of siege brought to
+great penurie and miserie, for lacke of vittels & necessarie viands,
+perceiuing that all succours were clerelie stopped and excluded from
+them, and so brought into vtter despaire of aid, or comfort, after long
+consultation had amongst them, determined to render themselues and
+their citie to the said king vpon diuerse couenants and conditions, and
+therevpon sent to him diuerse senators of the citie fullie instructed
+of their mind and purpose.
+
+[Sidenote: The citie of Granado conteined an hundred and fiftie
+thousand houses, besides cotages & small dwellings.]
+
+The king of Spaine and his councell, considering and sagelie pondering
+that winter approched & was at hand, and that the christian host had
+long lied in the fieldes in sore tempests and greeuous stormes (which
+they gladlie suffered for Christes sake, in whose cause and quarell
+they made that present warre) remembring also that the citie was of
+such riches, fame, and estimation, that it conteined an hundred and
+fiftie thousand houses of name, beside other small houses and cotages;
+& that it was replenished with people innumerable, and furnished
+with three score and ten thousand good fighting men; and finallie,
+perceiuing that he might inioy now the possession of the same, without
+assault or effusion of christian bloud, by the aduice of his councell,
+he accepted, accorded, and agreed to their offers the twentie and fift
+of Nouember, in the yeare of Christes incarnation 1491, then being the
+daie of saint Katharine.
+
+[Sidenote: Hostages deliuered to the K. of Spaine for his securitie.]
+
+By the which composition, the roiall citie of Granado, with all the
+holds and fortresses of the realme, and the towers and castels of
+Alpussarare was rendered into the hands of the said king of Spaine; and
+that the king of Granado should become subiect and vassall to the king
+of Spaine, and to relinquish and forsake the vsurped name of a king
+foreuer: and that all the men of warre should frankelie depart out of
+the citie, and none there to remaine, but artificers and merchants:
+and all these things to be doone before the fiue and twentith day of
+Ianuarie. But the time was preuented, for the moores on the first day
+of Ianuarie sent six hundred notable personages out of the citie with
+their children for hostages into the campe of the king of Spaine,
+to the intent that he should put no diffidence nor mistrust in the
+citizens, but that he might peaceablie and quietlie with his people
+enter into the citie, and take possession of the same. The which
+hostages were distributed and lodged in the tents and pauillions of the
+Spanish armie.
+
+[Sidenote: The vanquished people humblie submit th[=e]selues to the
+kings vicegerent, & deliuer vp the keies of the citie.]
+
+The third of Ianuarie, the lord of Guitterins Cardenes, great master &
+gouernor of Lion, of the order of S. Iames, departed from the armie,
+noblie and triumphantlie accompanied with fiue hundred horsmen, and
+three thousand footmen toward the citie. And as he approched neere to
+the suburbs, there issued out diuers noble and valiant capteins of the
+Moores, making to him humble obeisance, and conducted him to a palace
+adioining to the citie, called the palace of Anaxaras, and from thence
+conueied him to the palace roiall of the same citie called Alhambra,
+whereof hee tooke quiet and peaceable possession, to the behoofe of the
+king of Spaine, whome the Moores promised and confessed to take and
+obeie as their king and souereigne lord. And in signe and token that
+they thought in their hearts, that which they promised by mouth; they
+prostrated and humbled themselues before the said great master, and
+with dolorous lamentation and salt teares deliuered to him the keies of
+the said palace.
+
+When he had the keies, and was also possessed of that strong and
+magnificent place, he first of all dispatched the house of all the
+Moores and pagans, and appointed a garrison of valiant and noble
+christians, to keepe and defend the same: and the same day caused a
+masse solemnlie to be celebrate in a place of the same palace called
+Melchita; which done and finished, he tooke possession of all the
+fortresses, towers, and holds to the said citie and towne of Granado
+belonging or appertaining. And then he caused to be erected and set vp
+on the highest tower of the palace (where it might best be seene) the
+signe and token of the crosse, whereon Christ for vs sinners suffered
+his bitter passion. At the raising whereof were present an archbishop
+and three bishops, with other prelats, which deuoutlie sang this
+antheme: O crux, aue spes vnica.
+
+[Sidenote: The maner of the Spanish kings giuing of thanks for
+victorie.]
+
+The said crosse was three times deuoutlie lifted, and at euerie
+exaltation, the Moores being within the citie, rored, howled, & cried,
+prostrating themselues, groueling on the ground, & making dolorous
+noise and pitifull outcries. The armie incamped without the citie,
+seeing these things, humbled themselues meekelie before the crosse,
+rendering to almightie God their most humble and heartie thankes. The
+king of Spaine, being mounted on horssebacke, perceiuing the erection
+of the crosse, descended from his genet, and kneeled downe on the bare
+ground; and rendered to God, laud, honour, and praise; for that noble
+and triumphant victorie. And after that the crosse was thus set vp on
+the high tower, the banner of saint Iames, and the kings banners were
+pitched and fixed vpon the turrets and pinacles of the citie: an herald
+standing in the top of the high tower, proclaming and publishing these
+words following.
+
+[Sidenote: The Spaniards reiosing & triumphing after the conquest of
+the Moores.]
+
+"Saint Iames, saint Iames, saint Iames; Castile, Castile, Castile;
+Granado, Granado, Granado. By high and mightie power, lord Ferdinando
+and Elizabeth, king and queene of Spaine, haue woone from the infidels
+and Moores the citie and realme of Granado, through the helpe of our
+Lord God, & the most glorious virgin his mother, and the vertuous
+apostle S. Iames and the holie father Innocent the eight, togither
+with the aids and succours of the great prelats, knights, and other
+gentlemen borne, and commons of their realmes and countries." When the
+herald had finished, the artillerie sounded, the minstrels blew, the
+people applauded and clapped their hands, for gladnesse, that the earth
+seemed to tremble and quake vnderneath them.
+
+After this ioy ended, there issued out of the citie in maner of
+procession, seuen hundred and mo christians, as well men, as women
+and children, which had bin there prisoners and liued in bonds,
+seruitude, and miserable captiuitie, whereof the most part were naked,
+wounded, and in maner famished for hunger. To whome the king (of his
+great liberalitie) gaue both apparell, viands and monie. These poore
+prisoners comming out of the citie sang this psalme; Benedictus Dominus
+Deus Israel, qui visitauit & fecit redemptionem pledis suae; Blessed be
+the Lord God of Israel, which hath visited and redeemed his people.
+And so singing foorth the psalme, went to the church of saint Faith,
+which the king Ferdinando had caused to bee most sumptuouslie edified
+during the time of the siege, being distant from Granado two or three
+miles.
+
+[Sidenote: The lord Euerus de M[=e]doza made capteine of the house
+roiall.]
+
+Now as this poore procession passed by the host, one espied his
+sonne, and another saw his brother; and the son perceiued the father,
+and the father found the daughter, which were now deliuered out of
+miserable seruitude and bondage. But they could not refraine nor bridle
+themselues from distilling of teares and sobbing, seeing their parents
+and kinsfolke restored to libertie & freedome. And when these people
+had said their orisons in the church of saint Faith, and were come to
+the armie, they kneeled before the king, kissed his feet, crieng with
+one voice; God grant to the king of Spaine euerlasting life. The next
+daie after the lord Euerus de Mendoza, earle of Tendiglie, was by the
+king made capteine of the house roiall and principall tower of the
+citie of Granado, called Alhambra, hauing to him appointed and assigned
+one thousand men of armes, and two thousand footmen. Vnto the which
+earle, the great master deliuered the keies of the said palace and
+tower, and other ports and fortresses.
+
+[Sidenote: A great number of states with their traine enter
+triumphantlie into Granado to take reall possession.]
+
+On Saturday the eight daie of Ianuarie, in the yeare of our Lord 1492,
+Ferdinando, K. of Spaine & Granado, the queene, & their eldest son Don
+Iohn prince of Spaine, the lord Peter of Mendoza, the archbish. of
+Toledo, the patriarch of Alexandria, the cardinall of Spaine, the lord
+Peter prince of Lion, the duke of Gaditan, the marques of Villena &
+Moia, the erle of Capre, the earle of Vienna of Cifnentes, and manie
+other earles, barons and nobles, whereof some were Englishmen (whose
+names I haue not) with ten thousand horssemen, and fiftie thousand
+footmen, with great triumph and roialtie entered into the citie of
+Granado, and thereof tooke reall possession & seazine, and caused
+masse to be soong in a great place called Melchita, where hee caused
+a solemne church to be builded in the honour of God and his mother.
+When masse was ended, the king and queene repaired to the palace roiall
+of Alhambra, the which was woonderfull, both in qualitie & sumptuous
+building, which house was adorned with rich arras and tapestrie in
+euerie chamber.
+
+The earle of Tendiglie capteine of the palace, feasted the king and
+queene, and all the nobilitie at his owne costes and charges. So the
+king of Spaine there remained till the countrie was reduced into a good
+conformitie and order, and diuerse fortresses and castels were made
+for the safegard and tuition of the realme. And bicause this victorie
+obteined, was to the glorie of God, and to the publike wealth of all
+christianitie, the [1]said cardinall of Canturburie declared to the
+people, that the king had sent him and the other nobles thither that
+day, not onelie to notifie and declare to them the veritie of the fact;
+but also to exhort them to giue lauds and praisings to almightie God,
+for deliuering so goodlie a citie, so plentifull a countrie, and so
+notable a region out of the hands of his enimies, and persecutors of
+his faith and religion. Which declaration ended the archbishop with
+the cleargie & the nobles with the communaltie, in most deuout maner
+went in generall procession, rendering to God for this great atchiued
+enterprise, glorie, honour, and most reuerent thanks.
+
+[1] Namelie doctor Morton, of whom menti[=o] is made in the beginning
+of this historie.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 866._]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Iames Parker by casualtie at iustes mortallie wounded.]
+
+[Sidenote: Two pardoners set on the pillorie.]
+
+[Sidenote: Robert Fabian.]
+
+¶ In the moneth of Maie next and immediatlie following this triumph,
+was holden a great and valiant iusting within the kings palace of
+Shine, now named Richmond, the which indured by the space of a moneth,
+sometime within the said palace and sometime without, vpon the greene
+before the gate of the said palace. In which iustes sir Iames Parker
+knight, running against a gentleman named Hugh Vauhan, by casualtie
+was so sore hurt and brused, that he died thereof. This yeare also two
+pardoners were set on the pillorie in Cornehill three market daies,
+for forging of false pardons, wherewith they had deceiued the people,
+& got much monie. And for that one of them had feined himselfe to be a
+priest, hee was sent to Newgate, where he died: the other was driuen
+out of London with shame enough. ¶ Also this yere was Robert Fabian
+shiriffe of London & alderman, who made a chronicle of England & of
+France, beginning at the creation of the world, and ending in the
+third yeare of the reigne of king Henrie the eight, which booke is now
+imprinted to the end of Richard the third.
+
+Maximilian king of Romans, intending to be reuenged on the Frenchmen
+for the manie iniuries doone to him of late (and especiallie for that
+king Charles had forsaken his daughter ladie Margaret, and purposed to
+take to wife the ladie Anne of Britaine) bicause he was not rich enough
+to mainteine the warre of himselfe, he sent his ambassadour, one Iames
+Contibald, a man of great wisedome, to require the king of England to
+take his part against the French king, making diuers great offers on
+his owne behalfe, if it should please him so to doo.
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie and Maximilian agree to plague the Frenchmen.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 7.]
+
+King Henrie no lesse desirous than Maximilian to put the French king to
+trouble, and chieflie to aid the Britains in the extremitie of their
+businesse, gladlie consented to the request of Maximilian; and promised
+to prepare an armie with all speed, and in time conuenient to passe the
+seas with the same, and inuade the French territories. In this verie
+season, Charles the French king receiued the ladie Anne of Britaine,
+as his pupill into his hands, and with great solemnitie hir espoused,
+hauing with hir in dower, the whole duchie of Britaine.
+
+[Sidenote: The cause of Maximilians malice against Charles of France.]
+
+Now was Maximilian in great chafe toward the French king, not onelie
+for that he had refused his daughter, but also had bereeued him of
+his assured wife the said ladie Anne, contrarie to all right and
+conscience. Wherefore he sent vnto king Henrie, desiring him with all
+speed to passe the seas with his armie, that they might pursue the
+warre against their aduersarie, with fire, sword and bloud. King Henrie
+hearing this, and hauing no mistrust in the promise of Maximilian, with
+all speed leuied an armie, and rigged his nauie of ships. And when all
+things were readie he sent his almoner Christopher Urswike, and sir
+Iohn Riselie knight vnto Maximilian, to certifie him, that the king was
+in a readinesse, and would arriue at Calis, as soone as he should be
+aduertised that Maximilian and his men were readie to ioine with him.
+
+[Sidenote: Maximilian dealeth dishonestlie with the king of England to
+his great vexation.]
+
+These ambassadors comming into Flanders perceiued that Maximilian was
+neither purueied of men, monie, nor armor, nor of any other thing
+neccessarie for the setting foorth of warre; sauing onlie that his will
+was good, although his power was small. King Henrie being aduertised
+hereof by letters sent to him from his said ambassadors, was sore
+disquieted in his mind, and was almost brought to his wits end, to
+consider how his companions in arms should thus faile him at need; but
+taking aduise of his counsell, at length he determined not to stay his
+prepensed iournie, and therfore he so increased his numbers before he
+tooke ship, that he with his owne power might be able to match with his
+aduersaries. When he had thus gathered and assembled his armie, hee
+sailed to Calis the sixt day of October, and there incamped himselfe
+for a space, to see all his men and prouision in such readinesse, as
+nothing should be wanting.
+
+[Sidenote: Maximilian king of Romans breaketh promise with king Henrie
+in ioining with him to inuade France.]
+
+[Sidenote: The dissimulation of the French king.]
+
+In this place all the armie had knowledge by the ambassadours (which
+were newlie returned out of Flanders) that Maximilian could not set
+foorth anie armie, for lacke of monie: and therefore there was no
+succour to be looked for at his hand. But the Englishmen were nothing
+dismaid therewith, as they that iudged themselues able enough to match
+the Frenchmen without the helpe of anie other nation. In the meane
+season, although the French king had an armie togither, both for number
+and furniture able to trie in battell with the Englishmen: yet he made
+semblance as though he desired nothing more than peace, as the thing
+much more profitable to him than warre: the minds of the Britains were
+not wholie setled.
+
+[Sidenote: A motion on the French part for a treatie of peace with the
+English.]
+
+And againe, he was called into Italie to make warre against the king
+of Naples, whose kingdome he pretended to apperteine to him by lawfull
+succession from his father king Lewes, to whome Reine duke of Aniou
+last king of Sicill, of the house of Aniou, had transferred his right
+to that kingdome (as partlie before ye haue heard) wrongfullie and
+without cause disinheriting his coosine, godsonne and heire, Reine duke
+of Loraine and Bar. The lord Chordes hauing commission from his maister
+the French king to make some entrie into a treatie for peace with the
+king of England, wrote letters to him before he passed ouer to Calis,
+signifieng to him that if it might stand with his pleasure to send some
+of his councellors to the borders of the English pale adioining to
+France, there should be so reasonable conditions of peace proffered,
+that he doubted not but his grace might with great honour breake vp his
+campe, and retire his armie home againe.
+
+[Sidenote: Commissioners sent ouer to Calis about the said peace.]
+
+[Sidenote: Bullogne besieged by the Englishmen the king himselfe
+present.]
+
+The king of England considering that Britaine was cleerelie lost, and
+past recouerie, and that Maximilian for lacke of monie, and mistrust
+which he had in his owne subiects, laie still like a dormouse dooing
+nothing; and herewith weieng that it should be honorable to him,
+and profitable to his people to determine this great warre without
+bloudshed, appointed the bishop of Excester, and Giles lord Daubenie
+to passe the seas to Calis, and so to commun with the lord Chordes
+of articles of peace, which tooke effect as after ye shall perceiue.
+In the meane time, whilest the commissioners were communing of peace
+on the marches of France, the king of England (as ye haue heard) was
+arriued at Calis: from whense after all things were prepared for such
+a iournie, he remooued in foure battells forward, till he came neere
+to the towne of Bullogne, & there pitched his tents before it in a
+conuenient place for his purpose, meaning to assaile the towne with his
+whole force & puissance.
+
+But there was such a strong garison of warlike souldiers within that
+fortresse, and such plentie of artillerie, and necessarie munitions
+of warre, that the losse of Englishmen assaulting the towne (as was
+doubted) should be greater damage to the realme of England, than the
+gaining thereof should be profit. Howbeit the dailie shot of the kings
+battering peeces brake the wals, and sore defaced them. But when
+euerie man was readie to giue the assault, a sudden rumor rose in the
+armie that peace was concluded: which brute as it was pleasant to the
+Frenchmen, so was it displesant to the Englishmen, bicause they were
+prest and readie at all times to set on their enimies, and brought
+into great hope to haue beene inriched by the spoile and game to haue
+fallen to their lots of their enimies goods, beside the glorious fame
+of renowmed victorie.
+
+[Sidenote: Why the English preferred warre before peace.]
+
+And therefore to be defrauded hereof by an vnprofitable peace, they
+were in great fume, and verie angrie: and namelie, for that diuerse of
+the capteins to set themselues and their bands the more gorgeouslie
+forward, had borrowed large summes of monie, and for the repaiment
+had morgaged their lands and possessions, and some happilie had made
+through sale thereof, trusting to recouer all againe by the gaines of
+this iournie. Wherefore offended with this sudden conclusion of peace,
+they spake euill, both of the king and his councell. But the king like
+a wise prince asswaged their displeasure in part with excusing the
+matter, alledging what losse and bloudshed was like to insue both of
+capteins and souldiers, if the assault should haue beene giuen to the
+vtterance, especiallie sith the towne was so well furnished with men
+and munitions. When he had somewhat appeased their minds with these and
+manie other reasons, he returned backe againe to Calis.
+
+[Sidenote: _Polydor._]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Iohn Sauage slaine at this siege.]
+
+[Sidenote: Richard Pl[=a]tagenet a counterfeit of ladie Margarets
+imagining.]
+
+There were not manie of the English armie lost at this siege of
+Bullogne, & few or no men of name, sauing that valiant capteine sir
+Iohn Sauage knight, the which, as he and sir Iohn Riselie rode about
+the wals of the towne, to view in what place it might be easiliest
+assaulted, was compassed about by certeine Frenchmen that were issued
+out of the towne, and there slaine standing at defense and vtterlie
+refusing to yeeld himselfe as prisoner. But sir Iohn Riselie escaped
+by flieng awaie. When the K. was thus returned to Calis, he began
+to smell a certeine secret smoke, which was like to turne to a great
+flame, without wise foresight, and good looking to. For by the craftie
+inuention, and diuelish imagination of the ladie Margaret duchesse of
+Burgognie, a new idoll was set vp in Flanders, and by a forged name
+called Richard Plantagenet second sonne to king Edward the fourth, as
+though he had beene raised from death to life.
+
+[Sidenote: The conclusion of peace betweene the English and French.]
+
+The newes hereof somewhat troubled him, so that he was with better
+will content to receiue the honorable conditions of peace offered of
+his enimie: bicause he should not be constreined at one time to make
+warre both at home, and also in a forren region. The conclusion of this
+agreement made with the Frenchmen, was this: That this peace should
+continue both their liues; and that the French king should pay to the
+king of England a certeine summe of monie in hand, according as the
+commissioners should appoint for his charges susteined in this iournie.
+Which (as the king certified the maior of London by his letters the
+ninth of Nouember) amounted to the summe of seuen hundred fortie and
+fiue thousand duckats: the which is of sterling monie, one hundred
+foure score and six thousand, two hundred and fiftie pounds. It was
+also concluded that he should yearelie (for a certeine space) paie or
+cause to be paid, for the monie that the K. had spent & expended in the
+defense of the Britains fiue & twentie thousand crowns.
+
+[Sidenote: Alph[=o]se duke of Calabre made knight of the garter.]
+
+Which yearelie tribute the French king (afterwards continuallie
+occupied in the wars of Italie) yearelie satisfied & paid so long as
+K. Henrie liued, who after he had taried a conuenient space at Calis,
+tooke the sea, and arriued at Douer, and so came to his manour of
+Greenewich. Immediatlie after his returne thus into England, he elected
+into the fellowship of saint George, commonlie called the order of
+the garter, Alphonse duke of Calabre, sonne and heire to Ferdinando
+king of Naples, Christopher Urswike the kings almoner was sent to him
+vnto Naples with the garter, collar, mantell, and other habilments
+apperteining to the companions of that noble order. The which was
+reuerentlie receiued of the said duke, who in a solemne presence
+reuested himselfe with that habit, supposing by the countenance of that
+apparell to be able to resist his aduersarie the French king, sith he
+was now made a freend and companion in order with the king of England:
+but that little auailed him, as after it was right apparant. [And here,
+bicause in sundrie actions we haue seene and obserued the French kings
+subtilties, his inconstancie, lacke of truth, honestie, and kinglie
+modestie; we maie be bold to set downe the description of his person,
+as we find the same readie drawne to hand; that by a view thereof we
+maie conclude that his properties were proportioned to his person.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex. Guic. pag. 43._]
+
+[Sidenote: The French king described.]
+
+It is verie certeine (saith mine author) that king Charles from his
+infancie was of complexion verie delicate and of bodie vnsound and
+diseased, of small stature, and of face (if the aspect and dignitie
+of his eies had beene taken awaie) fowle and deformed, his other
+members bearing such equall proportion, that he seemed more a monster
+than a man: he was not onelie without all knowledge of good sciences,
+but scarselie he knew the distinct characters of letters: his mind
+desirous to command, but more proper to anie other thing, for that
+being inuironed alwaies with his familiars and fauourits, he reteined
+with them no maiestie or authoritie: he reiected all affaires and
+businesse, and yet if he did debate and consider in anie, he shewed a
+weake discretion and iudgement. And if he had any thing in him that
+caried apparance of merit or praise, yet being thoroughlie weied and
+sounded, it was found further off from vertue than from vice: he had
+an inclination to glorie, but it was tempered more with rashnesse
+and furie than with moderation and counsell: his liberalities were
+without discretion, measure or distinction: immooueable oftentimes
+in his purposes, but that was rather an ill grounded obstinacie
+than constancie. And that which manie call bountie, deserued more
+reasonablie in him the name of coldnesse & slackenesse of spirit.]
+
+[Sidenote: The birth of Henrie duke of Yorke, after crowned king by the
+name of Henrie the eight.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1492.]
+
+[Sidenote: The malice of the duchesse of Burgognie to the line of
+Lancaster.]
+
+This yeare the two and twentith of Iune, was borne at Greenewich the
+lord Henrie second sonne to this king Henrie the seuenth, which was
+created duke of Yorke, & after prince of Wales, and in conclusion
+succeeded his father in gouernance of this realme, by the name of
+Henrie the eight, father to our gratious souereigne queene Elizabeth.
+But now to returne to the new found sonne of king Edward coniured by
+mens policies from death to life: ye shall vnderstand that the duchesse
+of Burgognie euer desiring to cast a scorpion in the bosome of king
+Henrie, not for anie displeasure by him towards hir wrought or doone;
+but onelie bicause he was descended of the house of Lancaster, being an
+enimie to hir line, began to spin a new web, like a spider that dailie
+weaueth when his kall is torne: for after that the earle of Lincolne,
+which was by hir set foorth, had missed the cushin, and lost both
+horsse and spurres, she could not be quiet, vntill she had practised a
+new deuise to put king Henrie to trouble. And as the diuell prouideth
+venemous sauce to corrupt stomachs, so for hir purpose she espied a
+certeine yoong man of visage beautifull, of countenance demure, and of
+wit craftie and subtill.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin Warbecke the counterfeit duke of Yorke.]
+
+This youths name was Peter Warbecke, one for his faintnesse of stomach
+of the Englishmen in derision, called Perkin Warbecke, according to the
+dutch phrase, which change the name of Peter to Perkin, of yoonglings
+and little boies, which for want of age, lacke of strength, and
+manlike courage, are not thought worthie of the name of a man. This
+yoong man trauelling many countries, could speake English and diuerse
+other languages; & for his basenesse of birth and stocke, was almost
+vnknowne of all men; and driuen to seeke liuing from his childhood, was
+constreined to go and trauell thorough manie countries. The duchesse
+glad to haue got so meet an organ for the conueieng of hir inuented
+purpose, as one not vnlike to be taken and reputed for the duke of
+Yorke, sonne to hir brother king Edward, which was called Richard, kept
+him a certeine space with hir priuilie.
+
+[Sidenote: The readie wit of Perkin to learne all that made for his
+preferment to honor.]
+
+[Sidenote: The emulati[=o] of the dukes of Yokre.]
+
+Besides that, she with such diligence instructed him both in the
+secrets and common affaires of the realme of England, and of the
+linage, descent and order of the house of Yorke, that like a good
+scholer, not forgetting his lesson, he could tell all that was taught
+him promptlie without anie stackering or staie in his words. And
+besides that, he kept such a princelie countenance, and so counterfeit
+a maiestie roiall, that all men in manner did firmelie beleeue, that
+he was extracted of the noble house and familie of the dukes of Yorke.
+For suerlie, it was a gift giuen to that noble progenie, as of nature
+planted in the root, that all the sequels of that line and stocke did
+studie and deuise how to be equiualent in honour and fame with their
+forefathers and noble predecessors.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin Warbecke arriueth in Ireland.]
+
+When the duches had framed hir cloath meet for the market, she was
+informed that king Henrie prepared to make warre against Charles
+the French king. Wherefore she, thinking that the time serued well
+for the setting foorth of hir malicious indention, sent this Perkin
+hir new inuented mawmet, first into Portingale, and so craftilie
+into the countrie of Ireland; to the intent that he, being both
+wittie and wilie, might inuegle the rude Irishmen (being at those
+daies more inclined to rebellion than to reasonable order) to a new
+seditious commotion. Shortlie after his arriuall in Ireland, whether
+by his shrewd wit, or the malicious exhortation of the sauage Irish
+gouernours, he entred so farre in credit with the people of that Ile,
+that his words were taken to be as true, as he vntruelie with false
+demonstrations set foorth and published them.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin saileth into France all aflant.]
+
+The French king aduertised hereof, then being in displeasure with
+king Henrie, sent into Ireland for Perkin, to the intent to send him
+against king Henrie, which was then inuading France (as yee before haue
+heard.) Perkin thought himselfe aloft, now that he was called to the
+familiaritie of kings, and therefore with all diligence sailed into
+France, and comming to the kings presence, was of him roiallie receiued
+and after a princelie fashion interteined, and had a gard to him
+assigned, whereof was gouernour the lord Congreshall: and to him being
+at Paris, resorted sir George Neuill bastard, sir Iohn Tailor, Rowland
+Robinson, and an hundred English rebels. Now, after that a peace (as
+before is said) was concluded betwixt the French king, and the king of
+England, the French king dismissed Perkin, and would no longer keepe
+him.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin returneth to the ladie Margaret his first founder.]
+
+But some haue said (which were there attending on him) that Perkin,
+fearing least the French king should deliuer him to the king of
+England, beguiled the lord Congreshall, and fled from Paris by night.
+But whether the French king knew of his departure or not, the truth is,
+that he being in maner in despaire, returned to his first founder the
+ladie Margaret, of whome he was so welcomed to all outward appearance,
+that it seemed she could not haue reioised at anie earthlie thing more,
+than she did at his presence, and (as she could well dissemble) she
+made semblance as though she had neuer seene him before that time. Now
+as she had sore longed to know not once, but diuerse times in open
+audience, and in solemne presence, she willed him to declare and shew
+by what means he was preserued from death and destruction, and in what
+countries he had wandered and sought freendship; and finallie, by what
+chance of fortune he came to hir court.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin named by the dutches of Burgognie the white rose of
+England.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1493.]
+
+This did shee, to the intent that by the open declaration of these
+fained phantasies, the people might be persuaded to giue credit, and
+beleeue that he was the true begotten sonne of hir brother king Edward.
+And after this, shee assigned to him a gard of thirtie persons in
+murrie and blew, and highlie honoured him as a great estate, and called
+him the white rose of England. The nobilitie of Flanders did to him all
+reuerence. [All which port and pompe exhibited in most solemne sort,
+he was well content to take vpon him, forgetting the basenesse of his
+birth, and glorieng in the counterfeit title of honour: much like the
+iay that would be called a swan, or like the crow that trimming hir
+selfe with the stolne feathers of a pecocke, would seeme Iunos bird; as
+the poet saith:
+
+[Sidenote: _M. Pul. in virg._]
+
+    ----mentito nomine cygnum
+    Graculus appellat sese, cornicula plumas
+    Pauonis furata cupit pauo ipsa videri.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex. I. S. pag. 865._]
+
+[Sidenote: Stratford bridge vpon Auen builded.]
+
+¶ In this yeare was one Hugh Clopton maior of London, and of the
+staple, a gentleman, borne at Clopton village, halfe a mile from
+Stratford vpon Auen by north, who continued (during his life) a
+bacheler: he builded the great and sumptuous bridge of Stratford vpon
+Auen, at the east end of the towne. This bridge hath foureteene great
+arches, and a long cawsie with smaller arches, all made of stone, new
+walled on each side. At the west end of the bridge, he builded a faire
+large chappell. Toward the south end of that towne, & neere vnto the
+same a pretie house of bricke and timber, where he laie, and ended his
+life. He glased the chancell of the parish church in that towne, and
+made a waie of foure miles long, three miles from Alesburie towards
+London, and one mile beyond Alesburie.]
+
+[Sidenote: Such long and looked for alteration of states.]
+
+[Sidenote: False rumors occasions of great disquietnes.]
+
+But to returne to Perkin: the brute of whome in England, blowne
+throughout the realme, sore disquieted the people, insomuch that not
+onelie the meaner sort, but also manie of the nobles and worshipfull
+personages beleeued and published it abroad, that all was true which
+was reported of him. And not onelie they that were in sanctuaries but
+also manie other that were fallen in debt, assembled in a companie, and
+passed ouer the seas into Flanders, to their counterfeit duke of Yorke,
+otherwise rightlie named Perkin Warbecke. Truelie the realme of England
+was in maner diuided (with the rumor and vaine fable spred abroad of
+this twise borne duke) into partakings and contrarie factions. And some
+of the noble men conspired togither, purposing to aid the foresaid
+Perkin, as the man whome they reputed to be the verie sonne of king
+Edward; and that the matter was not feigned, but altogether true, iust,
+and not imagined of any malicious pretense or euill purpose.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 8.]
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin counterfeiteth the duke of Yorke verie cunninglie.]
+
+And bicause the thing was weightie, and required great aid and
+assistance, therefore they determined to send messengers vnto the ladie
+Margaret, to know when Richard duke of Yorke might conuenientlie come
+into England; to the intent that they being thereof certified, might
+be in a readinesse to helpe and succour him at his arriuall. So by
+the common consent of the conspirators, sir Robert Clifford knight,
+and William Barleie, were sent into Flanders, which discouered to
+the duches all the secret intents and priuie meanings of the freends
+and fautors of the new found duke. The duches gladlie receiued this
+message, and after shee had heard their errand, shee brought the
+messenger to the sight of Perkin, who so well counterfeited the
+gesture, countenance, and maner of Richard duke of Yorke, that sir
+Robert Clifford beleeued verelie, that he was the second sonne of king
+Edward; and therefore wrote a letter of credit into England to his
+complices: and to put them out of doubt, he affirmed that he knew him
+to be king Edwards sonne by his face, and other lineaments of his bodie.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkins true linage.]
+
+Vpon this letter, the cheefe dooers in this businesse spred the
+signification thereof abroad through the realme, to the intent to
+stirre the people to some new tumult and commotion: but it was doone by
+such a secret craft, that no man could tell who was the author of that
+rumor. The king perceiued that this vaine fable was not vanished out
+of the mad brains of the common people. To prouide therefore against
+all perils that might thereby insue, he sent certeine knights that were
+skilfull men of warre, with competent bands of soldiers, to keepe the
+sea coasts and hauens, to vnderstand who came in and went out of the
+realme; doubting least some great conspiracie were in brewing against
+him. He also sent into the low countries certeine persons, to learne
+the truth of this forged dukes progenie, where some of them that were
+so sent, comming to Tournie, got knowledge that he was borne in that
+citie, of base linage, and named Perkin Warbecke.
+
+[Sidenote: Ambassadors sent to Philip archduke of Burgognie.]
+
+The king then aduertised not onelie by his espials vpon their returne,
+but also from other his trustie freends, determined with all speed to
+haue the fraud published, both in England and forren parts: and for the
+same cause sent sir Edward Poinings knight, & sir William Warram doctor
+of the laws vnto Philip archduke of Burgognie, and to his councellors
+(bicause he was not of age able to gouerne of himselfe) to signifie
+to him and them, that the yoong man, being with the ladie Margaret,
+had falselie and vntruelie vsurped the name of Richard duke of Yorke,
+which long before was murthered with his brother Edward in the Tower of
+London, by the commandement of their vncle king Richard, as manie men
+then liuing could testifie.
+
+[Sidenote: The sum of D. Warrams speech to the archduke.]
+
+The ambassadors comming to the court of Philip the archduke, were
+honorablie interteined of him and of his councell, and willed to
+declare the effect of their message. William Warram made to them an
+eloquent oration, and in the later end somewhat inueihed against the
+ladie Margaret, not sparing to declare, how she now in hir later age
+had brought foorth (within the space of a few yeares togither) two
+detestable monsters, that is to saie, Lambert (of whom yee heard
+before) and this same Perkin Warbecke, and being conceiued of these
+two great babes, was not deliuered of them in eight or nine moneths
+as nature requireth; but in one hundred and eightie moneths, for both
+these at the lest were fifteene yeers of age, yer she would be brought
+in bed of them, and shew them openlie; and when they were newlie crept
+out of hir wombe, they were no infants but lustie yoonglings, and of
+age sufficient to bid battell to kings. Although these tawnts angred
+the ladie Margaret to the hart, yet Perkin was more vexed with the
+things declared in this oration, and especiallie bicause his cloaked
+iuggling was brought to light.
+
+The duches intending to cast hot sulphur into the new kindled fire,
+determined with might and maine to arme and set forward prettie Perkin
+against the king of England. When the ambassadors had doone their
+message, and that the archdukes councell had long debated the matter;
+they made answer, that to haue the king of Englands loue, the archduke
+and they would neither aid nor assist Perkin nor his complices in
+anie cause or quarrell. Yet notwithstanding if the ladie Margaret,
+persisting in hir rooted malice towards the king of England, would
+be to him aiding and helping, it was not in their power to withstand
+it; for bicause in the lands assigned to hir for hir dower, she might
+franklie and freelie order all things at hir will and pleasure, without
+contradiction of anie other gouernour.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 9.]
+
+[Sidenote: Espials sent into Flanders from the king for a subtill
+policie.]
+
+After that the ambassadors were returned with this answer, the king
+streight sent foorth certeine espials into Flanders, which should
+feigne themselues to haue fled to the duke of Yorke; and thereby search
+out the whole intent of the conspiracie, and after what sort they meant
+to proceed in the same. Others were sent also to intise sir Robert
+Clifford and William Barleie, to returne into England, promising to
+them pardon of all their offenses and high rewards for obeieng the
+kings request. They that were sent, did so earnestlie and prudentlie
+applie their businesse, that they brought all things to passe at their
+owne desires. For first they learned who were the cheefe conspirators,
+and after persuaded sir Robert Clifford to giue ouer that enterprise,
+which had no grounded staie to rest vpon. Albeit William Barleie at the
+first would not leaue off, but continued his begun attempt; till after
+two yeares, he repenting him of his follie, & hauing pardon granted him
+of the king, returned home into his natiue countrie.
+
+[Sidenote: The conspiring fautors of the counterfeit duke of Yorke.]
+
+When the king had knowledge of the chiefe capteins of this conspiracie
+(by the ouerture of his espials which were returned) he caused them to
+be apprehended, and brought to London before his presence. Of the which
+the chiefe were Iohn Ratcliffe, lord Fitz-Water, sir Simon Montford,
+sir Tho. Thwaits knights, William Daubenie, Robert Ratclifte, Thomas
+Cressenor, and Thomas Astwood. Also certeine preests & religious men,
+as sir William Richford doctor of diuinitie, and sir Thomas Poines,
+both friers of saint Dominikes order, doctor William Sutton, sir
+William Worseleie deane of Paules, Robert Laiborne, and sir Richard
+Lesleie. Other which were guiltie, hearing that their fellowes were
+apprehended, fled and tooke sanctuarie. The other that were taken were
+condemned, of the which sir Simon Montford, Robert Ratcliffe, and
+William Daubenie were beheaded.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Flem._]
+
+Some had their pardons, and the preests also for their order sake;
+but yet few of them liued long after. The lord Fitz-Water pardoned of
+life, was conueied to Calis, and there laid in hold, & after lost his
+head; bicause he went about to corrupt his keepers with rewards, that
+he might escape, intending (as was thought) to haue gone to Perkin.
+[Thus by the policie and subtile deuise of the king, practised to the
+point by his espials, the sinewes of this conspiracie was rent in
+sunder. So that the malicious ladie Margaret was not a little swolne
+with indignation when she saw the course of hir deuise (now that it
+had passed so far as that it was knowne to people on this side and
+beyond the seas) stopped, and the confederacie (whereto she speciallie
+trusted) dissolued. Yet notwithstanding, as women will not (to die for
+it) giue ouer an enterprise, which of an enuious purpose they attempt;
+so she put hir irons afresh into the fier to set hir hatred forward:
+whome a while we will leaue at worke, and shew some doings betweene
+England and Flanders.]
+
+[Sidenote: Flemish wares forbidden.]
+
+[Sidenote: The mart kept at Calis.]
+
+[Sidenote: English commodities banished out of Flanders.]
+
+King Henrie taking displeasure with the king of Romans, for that he
+kept not touch in aiding him against the French king, and partlie
+displeased with the Flemings, but speciallie with the ladie Margaret,
+for keeping and setting forward Perkin Warbecke, not onelie banished
+all Flemish wares and merchandizes out of his dominions, but also
+restreined all English merchants from their repaire and traffike into
+anie of the lands and territories of the king of Romans, or of the
+archduke Philip, sonne to the same king of the Romans; causing the
+mart to be kept at Calis, of all English merchandizes and commodities.
+Wherefore the said king and his sonne banished out of their lands
+and seigniories all English clothes, yarne, tin, lead, and other
+commodities of this realme. The restreint made by the king sore
+hindered the merchants aduenturers; for they had no occupieng to beare
+their charges, and to support their credit withall.
+
+[Sidenote: A riot made vpon the Easterlings.]
+
+And that most greeued them, the Easterlings being at libertie, brought
+to the realme such wares as they were woont, & so serued their
+customers throughout the realme. Wherevpon there insued a riot by the
+seruants of the mercers, haberdashers, & clothworkers in the citie of
+London, the tuesdaie before saint Edwards day. For they perceiuing what
+hinderance grew to their maisters, in that they were not able so well
+to keepe them as before they had doone, assembled togither in purpose
+to reuenge their malice on the Easterlings, & so came to the Stilliard,
+& began to rifle & spoile such chambers & warehouses as they cold get
+into. So that the Easterlings had much adoo to withstand them, & keepe
+them back out of their gates, which with helpe of carpenters, smiths,
+and other that came to them by water out of Southwarke, they shored &
+so fortified, that the multitude of the seruants and prentises, being
+assembled, could not preuaile.
+
+At length came the maior with a number of men, defensiblie weaponed, to
+remooue the force; at whose approch those riotous persons fled awaie
+like a flocke of sheepe. But diuerse of them were apprehended, and
+vpon inquirie made before the kings commissioners, aboue foure score
+seruants & apprentises were found to be conspired togither, and sworne
+not to reueale it; of whome some of the chiefe beginners were committed
+to the Tower, and there long continued. But in conclusion, bicause none
+of their maisters, nor anie one housholder was found culpable, the king
+of his clemencie pardoned their offense, and restored them to libertie.
+[For he thought it no credit to his crowne to take vengeance of such
+sillie soules by seueritie of death, whom in clemencie pardoning he
+might restore to a reformed life.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex. I. S. pag. 867._]
+
+[Sidenote: Execution for seditious bils against the kings person.]
+
+[Sidenote: Vittels plentie sold good cheape.]
+
+¶ On the two & twentith of Februarie in this yeere were arreigned in
+the Guildhall of London foure persons, Thomas Bagnall, Iohn Scot, Iohn
+Heath, and Iohn Kenington, the which were sanctuarie men of saint
+Martins le grand in London, and latelie before were taken out of the
+said sanctuarie, for forging of seditious bils, to the slander of
+the king, & some of his councell, for the which three of them were
+iudged to die; and the fourth named Bagnall, pleaded to be restored to
+sanctuarie: by reason whereof he was repriued to the Tower till the
+next tearme: and on the six and twentith of Februarie, the other three
+with a Fleming, and a yeoman of the crowne, were all fiue executed at
+Tiborne. ¶ On the eight and twentith of Aprill Ione Boughton widow was
+burnt in Smithfield, for holding certeine opinions of Iohn Wickliffe.
+Wheat was sold at London at six pence the bushell, baie salt for three
+pence halfe penie the bushell, Nantwich salt was sold for six pence the
+bushell, white herings nine shillings the barrell, red herings at three
+shillings the cade, red sprots six pence the cade, & Gascoigne wine for
+six pound the tun.
+
+[Sidenote: 1494.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 10.]
+
+[Sidenote: Policie of K. Henrie against Robert Clifford.]
+
+Shortlie after sir Robert Clifford, partlie trusting on the kings
+promise, and partlie mistrusting the desperat begun enterprise,
+returned suddenlie againe into England. The king certified before of
+his comming, went streight to the Tower of London the morow after the
+day of Epiphanie, & there taried till such time as sir Robert Clifford
+was there presented to his person. This was doone for a policie, that
+if sir Robert accused anie of the nobilitie, they might be called
+thither without suspicion of anie euill, and their attached and laid
+fast. Some thought also, that for a policie king Henrie sent sir Robert
+Clifford ouer as an espie, or else he would not so soone haue receiued
+him into fauour againe. Neuerthelesse, there were great presumptions
+that it was nothing so, for both was he in great danger after his begun
+attempt, and neuer was so much esteemed with the king afterward as he
+was before.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir William Stanleie a fauourer of Perkin.]
+
+But this is true, vpon his comming to the kings presence, he besought
+him of pardon, and obteined it; and therewith opened all the maner of
+the conspiracie, so far as he knew, and who were aiders, fautors, and
+chiefe beginners of it; amongst whome he accused sir William Stanleie,
+whome the king had made his chiefe chamberleine, and one of his priuie
+councell. The king was sorie to heare this, and could not be induced to
+beleeue that there was so much vntruth in him, till by euident proofes
+it was tried against him. Then the king caused him to be restreined
+from his libertie in his owne chamber within the quadrat tower, and
+there appointed him by his priuie councell to be examined, in which
+examination he nothing denied, but wiselie and sagelie agreed to all
+things laid to his charge if he were faultie therein.
+
+[Sidenote: The offense of sir William Stanleie.]
+
+[Sidenote: Coniectures of sir William Stanleies alienated mind from
+king Henrie.]
+
+The report is, that this was his offense. When communication was had
+betwixt him, and the aboue mentioned sir Robert Clifford, as concerning
+Perkin, which falselie vsurped the name of K. Edwards sonne; sir
+William Stanleie said, that if he knew certeinlie that the yoong man
+was the indubitate heire of king Edward the fourth, he would neuer
+fight or beare armour against him. This point argued, that he bare no
+hartie good will toward king Henrie as then. But what was the cause
+that he had conceiued some inward grudge towards the king; or how it
+chanced that the king had withdrawen his speciall fauor from him, manie
+haue doubted. Some indeed haue gessed, that sir William Stanleie, for
+the seruice which he shewed at Bosworth field thought that all the
+benefits which he receiued of the king to be farre vnder that which
+he had deserued, in preseruing not onelie the kings life; but also in
+obteining for him the victorie of his enimies, so that his aduersarie
+was slaine in the field.
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie in a quandare.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1495.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir William Stanleie beheaded.]
+
+Wherefore desiring to be created earle of Chester, and therof denied,
+he began to disdeine the king. And one thing incouraged him much, which
+was the riches and treasure of king Richard, which he onlie possessed
+at the battell of Bosworth; by reason of which riches and great power
+of men, he set naught by the king his souereigne lord and maister. The
+king hauing thus an hole in his coat, doubted first what he should
+doo with him; for loth he was to lose the fauour of his brother the
+earle of Derbie: and againe to pardon him, he feared least it should
+be an euill example to other, that should go about to attempt the like
+offense. And so at length, seueritie got the vpper hand, & mercie was
+put backe, in so much that he was arreigned at Westminster and adiudged
+to die, and (according to that iudgement) was brought to the Tower hill
+the sixteenth daie of Februarie, and there had his head striken off.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Flem._]
+
+[Sidenote: See pag. 446.]
+
+[This was the end of sir William Stanleie the chiefest helper of king
+Henrie to the crowne at Bosworth field against king Richard the third,
+and who set the same crowne first vpon the kings head, when it was
+found in the field trampled vnder feet. He was a man (while he liued)
+of great power in his countrie, and also of great wealth: in somuch
+as the common fame ran, that there was in his castell of Holt found
+in readie coine, plate, and iewels, to the value of fortie thousand
+markes or more, and his land and fees extended to three thousand pounds
+by yeare. Neuerthelesse all helped not; neither his good seruice in
+Bosworth field, neither his forwardnesse (euen with the hazard of
+life) to prefer K. Henrie to the crowne, neither his faithfulnesse in
+cleauing to him at all brunts, neither the bond of aliance betwixt
+them, neither the power that he was able to make, neither the riches
+which he was worth, neither intercession of freends, which he wanted
+not; none of these, nor all these could procure the redemption of his
+lost life:
+
+    O fluxum decus hominum, o variabile tempus.
+
+[Sidenote: _Iohn Stow. pag. 969._]
+
+[Sidenote: The king and queene dine at sergeants feast kept at Elie
+palace.]
+
+[Sidenote: A wonder to be noted in a corpse that laie long in the
+ground.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Rich. Grafton._]
+
+¶ On the sixteenth of Nouember was holden the sergeants feast at the
+bishops palace of Elie in Holborne, where dined the king, queene, and
+all the chiefe lords of England. The new sergeants names were maister
+Mordant, Higham, Kingsmill, Conisbie, Butler, Yakesleie, Frowike,
+Oxenbridge, & Constable. In digging for to laie a new foundation in
+the church of saint Marie hill in London, the bodie of Alice Hackneie
+which had beene buried in the church the space of 175 yeares, was
+found whole of skinne, & the ioints of hir armes pliable: which corpse
+was kept aboue ground foure daies without annoiance, and then buried
+againe. ¶Also this yeare (as maister Grafton saith) at the charges of
+maister Iohn Tate aldermman of London was the church of saint Anthonies
+founded, & annexed vnto the college of Windsore, wherein was erected
+one notable and free schoole to the furtherance of learning, and a
+number of poore people (by the name of almesmen, which were poore,
+aged, and decaied housholders) releeued, to the great commendation
+of that worthie man, who so liued in worship, that his death by his
+worthie dooings maketh him still aliue; for he was not forgetfull to
+beautifie the good state of this citie, in which by wealth he had
+tasted of Gods blesings.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 11.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lord Daubenie the kings cheefe chamberleine.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Edward Poinings sent into Ireland with an armie.]
+
+About this same time diuerse men were punished that had vpon a
+presumptuous boldnesse spoken mame slanderous words against the
+kings maiestie hoping still for the arriuall of the feigned Richard
+duke of Yorke. After the death of sir William Stanleie, Giles lord
+Daubeneie was elected and made the kings cheefe chamberleine. Also,
+the K. sent into Ireland (to purge out the euill & wicked seeds of
+rebellion amongst the wild and sauage Irish people, sowed there by
+crafie conueiance of Perkin Warbecke) sir Henrie Deane, late abbat of
+Langtonie (whome he made chancellor of that Ile) & sir Edward Poinings
+knight, with an armie of men. The fauourers of Perkin, hearing that
+sir Edward Poinings was come with a power to persecute them, withdrew
+streightwaies, and fled into the woods and marishes for the safegard of
+themselues.
+
+Sir Edward Poinings according to his commission, intending to punish
+such as had aided and aduanced the enterprise of Perkin, with his whole
+armie marched forward against the wild Irishmen, bicause that all other
+being culpable of that offense fled and resorted to them for succour.
+But when he saw that his purpose succeeded not as he would haue wished
+it; both bicause the Irish lords sent him no succour according to
+their promises; and also for that his owne number was not sufficient
+to furnish his enterprise, bicause his emimes were dispersed amongst
+woods, mounteins, and marishes; he was constreined to recule backe,
+sore displeased in his mind against Gerald earle of Kildare, being then
+the kings deputie.
+
+[Sidenote: Gerald earle of Kildare deputie of Ireland apprehended.]
+
+[Sidenote: King Henries progresse into Lancashire.]
+
+Now the cause of this his discontentment was, for that the said earle
+was suspected to be the meane that he had no succours sent him, and
+was so informed in deed by such as bare the earle no good will. And
+therefore suddenlie he caused the earle to be apprehended, and as a
+prisoner brought him in his companie into England. Which earle being
+examined, and sundrie points of treason laid to him, he so auoided them
+all, & laid the burthen in other mens necks, that he was dismissed, and
+sent into Ireland againe there to be deputie and lieutenant as he was
+before. The king being now in some better suertie of his estate, did
+take his progresse into Lancashire the fiue & twentith daie of Iune,
+there to make merrie with his moother the countesse of Derbie, which
+then laie at Lathome in the countrie.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin attempteth to land in Kent in hope of victorie.]
+
+In this meane while Perkin Warbecke, being in Flanders, sore troubled
+that his juggling was discouered, yet he determined not to leaue off
+his enterprise, in hope at length to atteine the crowne of England:
+and so gathering a power of all nations, some bankrupts, some false
+English sanctuarie men, some theeues, robbers, and vagabunds, which
+desiring to liue by rapine, were glad to serue him. And thus furnished,
+he took such ships as his freends had prouided for him: and departing
+from Flanders towards England, he arriued vpon the Kentish coast,
+& there cast anchor, purposing to prooue how the people there were
+affected towards him: and therefore he sent certeine of his men to
+land, to signifie to the countrie his arriuall with such power, that
+the victorie must incline to his part.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkins men discomfited.]
+
+The Kentishmen vnderstanding that Perkin was but Perkin, and had none
+with him (to make account of) but strangers borne, like faithfull
+subiects determined to fall vpon those that were thus new come to
+land, and to trie if they might allure the whole number out of their
+ships, so to giue them battell. But Perkin wiselie considering that
+the maner of a multitude is not to consult, and sagelie to aduise with
+themselues in anie deliberate sort, but suddenlie and rashlie to run
+headlong into rebellion, would not set one foot out of his ship, vntill
+he saw all things sure. Yet he permitted some of his souldiers to go
+on land, which being trained foorth a pretie waie from their ships,
+were suddenlie compassed about and beset of the Kentishmen, and at one
+stroke vanquished and driuen backe to their ships.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkins capteins taken & executed.]
+
+[Sidenote: Perkins reculeth into Flanders.]
+
+[Sidenote: The death of Cicilie duchesse of Yorke moother to Edward the
+fourth.]
+
+Of these discomfited soules were taken prisoners an hundred and
+fortie persons, whereof fiue, Montfort, Corbet, White Belt, Quintin
+(or otherwise Genin) being capteins were brought to London by sir
+Iohn Pechie, shiriffe of Kent, railed in ropes like horsses drawing
+in a cart, & after vpon their arreignment confessed their offense,
+and were executed, some at London, and other in the townes adioining
+to the sea coast. And thus Perkin, missing of his purpose, fled
+backe into Flanders. In this verie season departed to God Cicilie
+duchesse of Yorke moother to king Edward the fourth, at hir castell of
+Berkhamsteed, a woman of small stature, but of much honour and high
+parentage, and was buried by hir husband in the college of Fodringeie.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Richard Gilford.]
+
+The king being aduertised that his enimies were landed, leauing off his
+progresse, purposed to haue returned to London; but being certified the
+next day of the luckie speed of his faithfull subiects, continued his
+progresse, & did send sir Richard Gilford both to commend the fidelitie
+and manhood of the Kentishmen, and also to render to them most hartie
+thanks for the same. He also caused order to be taken for the erecting
+of beacons, and watching of them. Perkin then perceiuing that he should
+not be receiued into England, sailed into Ireland, trusting there to
+augment his numbers, and then to returne towards the coast of England
+againe, and to take land in the West countrie, if occasion serued; but
+if not, then he determined to saile streight into Scotland, to seeke
+freendship there.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin saileth into Ireland and is in sundrie opinions.]
+
+[Sidenote: Katharine daughter to the earle of Huntleie maried to
+Perkin.]
+
+After, he had therefore staid a while in Ireland, and perceiued that
+the hope of victorie consisted not in the Irish nation, being naked
+people, without furniture of armour or weapon, he tooke the sea againe
+at Corffe, and sailed into Scotland; where comming to the presence of
+king Iames, he forged such a painted processe to mooue him to beleeue
+that he was the verie sonne of king Edward: that the Scotish king,
+whether blinded with errour, or vsing dissimulation, that he might
+vnder a colourable pretext make war against England, began to haue
+Perkin in great honour, and caused him openlie to be called duke of
+Yorke. And to persuade the world that so he was indeed, he caused
+the ladie Catharine, daughter to Alexander earle of Huntleie, his
+nigh kinsman, to be espoused to him. [But yer we passe anie further,
+you shall see and peruse (if you will) the said painted processe of
+Perkin, as it is left in record by Edward Hall for an example what
+working force is in words (speciallie where the hearers are easie to
+be seduced) and not to be ouer hastie to giue them too quicke & hastie
+credit. For the poet saith of gaie words void of truth:
+
+[Sidenote: _M. Pal. in Virg._]
+
+    Verba nitent phaleris, at nullas verba medullis
+    Intus habent.
+
+
+The colourable oration or counterfeit tale that Perkin told the king of
+Scots to iustifie his false title.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Flem. ex Edw. Hall, fol._ xxxviij, xxxix.]
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin saith that he is Edward the fourths lawfull sonne.]
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin telleth the king how he was preserued and kept alive.]
+
+I thinke it is not vnknowne vnto you (most noble king and puissant
+prince) into what ruine the stocke house, and familie of Edward the
+fourth, of that name king of England, is now of late brought to and
+fallen in, either by Gods permission, or by diuine punishment; whose
+indubitate sonne (if you know not alreadie) I am, and by the power of
+almightie God, preserued aliue to this houre from the mightie hand of a
+tyrant. For my father king Edward (when he died) appointed his brother
+Richard duke of Glocester to be our gouernour, protector, and defendor;
+whome the more that he loued & studied to aduance and promote, the
+better he thought that he would loue, fauour, and tender his children.
+But alas my vnfortunate chance I may say! how hath his trust beene
+turned into treason, and his hope into hinderance, all men know and
+I feele. Our vncle was not the tutor and preseruer of our stocke and
+linage, but the confounder & destroier of our bloud and progenie.
+For that tyrant, blinded and glutted with the desire of ruling and
+souereigntie, commanded Edward my brother & me to be sklaine and
+dispatched out of this mortall life. Wherevpon that person, to whome
+the weightie and cruell charge was commited and giuen to oppresse and
+destroie vs poore innocent infants, and giltlesse babes, the more that
+he abhorred this heinous and butcherlie offense, the more he feared to
+commit it.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin calleth the ladie Margaret duchesse of Burgognie his
+owne aunt.]
+
+And so wauering in mind and doubtfull what to doo, at the length
+willing in part to stanch the bloudie thirst of the vnnaturall tyrant,
+and in part to absteine from so heinous & detestable homicide, he
+destroied my brother and preserued me; like the good preest Ioiada,
+who saued little Ioas, when all the children of the bloud roiall were
+commanded by Athalia the queene to be slaine and vtterlie destroied.
+And further, to the intent that my life might be in suertie, he
+appointed one to conueie me into some strange countrie; where when I
+was furthest off, and had most need of comfort he forsooke me suddenlie
+(I thinke he was so appointed to doo) and left me desolate alone
+without freend or knowlege of anie releefe or refuge. And so king
+Richard did obteine the crowne as a preie mischeefouslie gotten by the
+dispatching awaie of my brother and me. So that I thus escaping, by
+reason of my tender infancie, forgat almost my selfe, and knew not well
+what I was. But after long wandering from countrie to countrie, and
+from citie to citie, I perceiued and learned by little and little what
+was my estate & degree; and so in conclusion came to mine owne aunt the
+ladie Margaret lieng in Flanders, which was sometime married to Charles
+duke of Burgognie, which as ioifullie receiued and welcomed me, as if
+I had come out of hell into heauen, as the onelie type and garland of
+hir noble stirpe and linage. But forsomuch as she being onelie Dowager
+of the duchie of Burgognie, and hauing nothing but hir dowrie proper
+to hir selfe, was not of power to helpe me with men and munitions of
+warre, as she would gladlie haue doone for the recouerie of my fathers
+relme & rightfull inheritance: I therefore am driuen to seeke further
+aid and succour.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin craueth aid of the Scotish king toward the recouerie
+of the crowne of England from king Henrie the seuenth.]
+
+And therefore by hir counsell and aduertisement, with this small
+handfull of men of warre and souldiers, I am repaired to your presence
+for succours; of whome (as the publike fame is spred ouer the whole
+world) there was neuer man by wrong or iniurie chased or driuen out of
+his couutrie, region, or inheritance, or by extort power and tyrannie
+kept out of the same (as I my selfe from mine infancie haue beene)
+whose request was frustrate and denied at your hand. Therefore, by the
+maiestie of your realme & countrie I desire, & heartilie with praier
+as I can, I beseech and exhort you to helpe and releeue me now in my
+extreame necessitie. And if it chance me by your aid and succour to
+recouer & possesse my father's realme and dignitie; not onelie I, but
+all the kings of our linage, which hereafter shall obteine the same,
+shall be so much obliged and bound vnto to you; that they must needs
+thinke, that dooing to you all the pleasure and benefits that they can,
+yet with all thanks that can be giuen your great kindnesse can neuer in
+full measure be recompensed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Sidenote: 1496.]
+
+[Sidenote: The Scotish king inuadeth Engl[=a]d with a great armie in
+Perkin his behalfe.]
+
+When he had thus said, the king bad him be of good comfort, and
+promised him that whatsoeuer he were, it should neuer repent of
+his comming to him.] Shortlie after, hauing this Perkin with him
+in companie, he entered into England with a puissant armie, and
+caused proclamation to be made, to spare all those that would submit
+themselues vnto Richard duke of Yorke. Herewith they began the warre in
+most cruell maner, with slaughter of men, burning of townes, spoiling
+of houses, and committing of all other detestable enormities; so that
+all the countrie of Northumberland was by them in maner wasted, and
+destroied. At length, when the souldiers were laden with spoiles, and
+saciate with bloud, perceiuing that no succoures came out of England
+vnto the new inuented duke, contrarie to that which he had made them
+to beleeue would come to passe; they determined to retire rather
+with assured gaine, than to tarrie the vncertaine victorie of that
+counterfeit duke, and so therevpon they withdrew backe into Scotland
+inriched with preies and booties.
+
+[Sidenote: The counterfeit compassion of Perkin.]
+
+It is said, that Perkin Warbecke, being returned into Scotland with the
+king of Scots, vnder a cloked pretense should sore lament the great
+slaughter, spoile, and damage, which had beene doone at this last
+roade made into England; and therefore as one that bare a naturall
+loue toward his natiue countrie, besought the king of Scots, that
+from thensefoorth, he would no more so deface his naturall relme, and
+destroie his subiects with such terrible fire, flame and hauocke; as
+who should saie, he being ouercome now with compassion, did bewaile the
+cruell destruction of his natural countrie of England. But the Scotish
+K. told him, that he seemed to take thought for that which appeared to
+be none of his, sith that not so much as one gentleman or yeoman (for
+ought he could see) would once shew themselues readie to aid him in the
+warre begun for his cause, and in his name, within that realme which he
+pretended so cleerelie to apperteine to him.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 12.]
+
+[Sidenote: A parlement of the three estates of the realme.]
+
+[Sidenote: A subsidie.]
+
+The king of England being certified of this inuasion, prepared an armie
+with all diligence to have resisted the Scots: but they were returned
+yer the English power could assemble togither. Now when the king was
+truelie certified that the Scotish king was returned home, he staied
+all the preparations made at that time to go against him. But yet
+meaning to be reuenged of the wrongs doone to him by king Iames and his
+people; he first called a parlement, and in that assemblie of three
+estates of the realme, he declared the cause of the instant warre, and
+how necessarie it should be for the suertie and wealth of the realme
+of England to haue that warre, pursued against those enimies that
+had begun it. To this motion all the nobilitie wholie agreed. And to
+the maintenance of that warre, a subsidie was by whole assent of the
+parlement freelie giuen and granted. Which paiment though it was not
+great, yet manie of the common people sore grudged to pay the same, as
+they that euer abhorre such taxes and exactions. At the same parlement
+were diuerse acts and statutes made, necessarie & expedient (as was
+thought) for the publike weale of the realme.
+
+[Sidenote: 1497.]
+
+[Sidenote: The king of England and Scotl[=a]d prepare for mutuall
+warre.]
+
+In the meane season the king of Scots, perceiuing that the Englishmen
+would shortlie go about to reuenge the injuries doone to them by him
+and his people, assembled eftsoones a puissant armie, that he might
+either defend his realme against the English power, attempting to
+inuade his countrie, or else afresh to enter into the English borders.
+And thus these two mightie princes minded nothing more than the one
+to indamage the other. But the king of England would not deferre one
+houre by (his good will) till he were reuenged, and therefore prepared
+a mightie armie to inuade Scotland, and ordeined for cheefteine thereof
+the lord Daubeneie. But as this armie was assembled, and that the lord
+Daubenie was forward on his iournie towards Scotland, he was suddenlie
+staid and called backe againe, by reason of a new commotion begun by
+the Cornishmen for the paiment of the subsidie which was granted at the
+last parlement.
+
+[Sidenote: A rebellion in Cornewall for the paiment of a subsidie.]
+
+[Sidenote: The two capteins in this commotion.]
+
+These vnrulie people the Cornishmen, inhabiting in a barren countrie
+and vnfruitfull, at the first sore repined that they should be so
+greeuouslie taxed, and burdened the kings councell as the onelie cause
+of such polling and pilling: and so being in their rage, menaced the
+cheefe authors with death and present destruction. And thus being in a
+rore, two persons of the affinitie, the one called Thomas Flammocke, a
+gentleman, learned in the lawes of the realme; and the other Michael
+Ioseph, a smith, men of stout stomachs and high courages, tooke vpon
+them to be capteins of this seditious companie. They laid the fault and
+cause of this exaction vnto Iohn Morton, archbishop of Canturburie, and
+to sir Reginald Braie; bicause they were cheefe of the kings councell.
+Such rewards haue they commonlie that be in great authoritie with kings
+and princes.
+
+[Sidenote: The prouost of Perin slaine by the rebels.]
+
+The capteins Flammocke and Ioseph exhorted the common people to put
+on harnesse, and not to be afeard to follow them in that quarrell,
+promising not to hurt anie creature, but onelie to see them punished
+that procured such exactions to be laid on the people, without anie
+reasonable cause, as vnder the colour of a little trouble with the
+Scots, which (sith they were withdrawne home) they tooke to be well
+quieted and appeased. So these capteins bent on mischeefe, (were their
+outward pretense neuer so finelie coloured) yet persuaded a great
+number of people to assemble togither, and condescended to do as
+their capteins would agree and appoint. Then these capteins praising
+much the hardines of the people, when all things were readie for
+their infortunate iournie, set forward with their armie, and came to
+Taunton, where they slue the prouost of Perin, which was one of the
+commissioners of the subsidie, and from thence came to Welles, so
+intending to go to London, where the king then soiourned.
+
+[Sidenote: Thomas Howard earle of Surrie high treasuror of England.]
+
+When the king was aduertised of these dooings, he was somewhat
+astonied, and not without cause; being thus troubled with the warre
+against the Scots, and this ciuill commotion of his subiects at one
+instant. But first meaning to subdue his rebellious subiects; and after
+to proceed against the Scots, as occasion should serue, he reuoked the
+lord Daubenie which (as you haue heard) was going against the Scots,
+and increased his armie with manie chosen and piked warriors. Also
+mistrusting that the Scots might now (hauing such opportunitie) inuade
+the relme againe; he appointed the lord Th. Howard erle of Surrie
+(which after the death of the lord Dinham was made high treasuror of
+England) to gather a band of men in the countie Palatine of Durham,
+that they with the aid of the inhabitants adioining, and the borderers,
+might keepe backe the Scots if they chanced to make anie inuasion. The
+nobles of the realme hearing of the rebellion of the Cornishmen, came
+to London, euerie man with as manie men of warre as they could put in a
+readinesse, to aid the king if need should be. In the which number were
+the earle of Essex, and the lord Montioy, with diuerse other.
+
+[Sidenote: Iames Twichet lord Audelie cheefe capteine of the Cornish
+rebels.]
+
+In the meane time, Iames Twichet lord Audeleie being confederate with
+the rebels of Cornewall ioined with them, being come to Welles, and
+tooke vpon him as their cheefe capteine to lead them against their
+naturall lord and king. From Welles they went to Salisburie, and from
+thence to Winchester, and so to Kent, where they hoped to haue had
+great aid, but they were deceiued in that their expectation. For the
+erle of Kent, George lord of Aburgauenie, Iohn Brooke, lord Cobham, sir
+Edward Poinings, sir Richard Gilford, sir Thomas Bourchier, Iohn Peche,
+William Scot, and a great number of people, were not onelie prest and
+readie to defend the countrie, to keepe the people in due obedience,
+but bent to fight with such as would lift vp sword, or other weapon
+against their souereigne lord: insomuch that the Kentishmen would not
+once come neere the Cornishmen, to aid or assist them in anie maner of
+wise.
+
+[Sidenote: Manie of the Cornishmen take their heels by night.]
+
+Which thing maruelouslie dismaid the hearts of the Cornishmen, when
+they saw themselues thus deceiued of the succours which they most
+trusted vpon, so that manie of them (fearing the euill chance that
+might happen) fled in the night from their companie, and left them, in
+hope so to saue themselues. The capteines of the rebels, perceiuing
+they could haue no helpe of the Kentishmen, putting their onelie hope
+in their owne puissance, brought their people to Blacke heath, a foure
+miles distant from London, and there in a plaine on the top of an hill,
+they ordered their battels, either readie to fight with the king if
+he would assail them, or else assault the citie of London: for they
+thought the king durst not have encountered with them in battell. But
+they were deceiued: for the king although he had power inough about to
+haue fought with them before their comming so neere to the citie; yet
+he thought it best to suffer them to come forward, till he had them
+farre off from their natiue countrie, and then to set vpon them being
+destitute of aid in some place of aduantage.
+
+[Sidenote: The citie of London sore afraid of the rebels.]
+
+The citie was in a great feare at the first knowledge giuen, how the
+rebels were so neere incamped to the citie, euerie man getting himselfe
+to harnesse, and placing themselues, some at the gates, some on the
+walles, so that no part was vndefended. But the king deliuered the
+citie of that feare: for after that he perceiued how the Cornishmen
+were all daie readie to fight, and that on the hill; he sent straight
+Iohn Earle of Oxenford, Henrie Bourchier, earle of Essex, Edmund de
+la Poole, earle of Suffolke, sir Rise ap Thomas, and sir Humfreie
+Stanleie, noble warriors, with a great companie of archers and
+horssemen, to enuiron the hill on the right side, and on the left, to
+the intent that all bywaies being stopped and foreclosed, all hope of
+flight should be taken from them. And incontinentlie he himselfe, being
+as well incouraged with manlie stomachs as furnished with a populous
+armie and plentie of artillerie, set forward out of the citie, and
+incamped himselfe in saint Georges field, where he on the fridaie at
+night then lodged.
+
+[Sidenote: Blackheath field.]
+
+[Sidenote: Three hundred slaine, & a thousand fiue hundred taken
+prisoners, as Iohn Stow saith.]
+
+On the saturdaie in the morning, he sent the lord Daubeneie with a
+great companie to set on them earlie in the morning, which first
+got the bridge at Dertford Strand, which was manfullie defended by
+certeine archers of the rebels, whose arrows (as is reported) were in
+length a full cloth yard. While the earles set on them on euerie side,
+the lord Daubenie came into the field with his companie, and without
+long fighting, the Cornishmen were ouercome; and first they tooke the
+lord Daubenie prisoner: but whether it were for feare, or for hope of
+fauour, they let him go at libertie, without hurt or detriment. There
+were slaine of the rebels which fought and resisted, aboue two thousand
+men (as Edward Hall noteth) and taken prisoners an infinite number, &
+amongst them the blacke smith, and other the cheefe capteins, which
+were shortlie after put to death. When this battel was ended, the king
+wanted of all his numbers but three hundred, which were slaine at that
+conflict.
+
+[Sidenote: Iames lord Audelie ignominiouslie drawne to execution and
+beheaded.]
+
+Some affirme, that the king appointed to haue fought with them not
+till the mondaie, and preuenting the time set on them on the saturdaie
+before, taking them vnprouided, and in no arraie of battell; and so by
+that policie obteined the field and victorie. The prisoners as well
+capteins as other, were pardoned, sauing the cheefe capteins and first
+beginners, to whome he shewed no mercie at all. The lord Audeleie was
+drawne from Newgate to the Tower-hill in a coate of his own armes,
+painted vpon paper reuersed and all torne, and there was beheaded the
+foure and twentith of Iune. Thomas Flammocke & Michael Ioseph were
+hanged, drawne, and quartered after the maner of traitors, & their
+heads and quarters were pitched vpon stakes, and set vp in London, and
+in other places: although at the first, the king meant to haue sent
+them into Cornewall, to haue beene set vp there for a terror to all
+others. But hearing that the Cornishmen at home were readie to begin
+a new conspiracie, least he should the more irritate and prouoke them
+by that displeasant sight, he changed his purpose, for doubt to wrap
+himselfe in more trouble than needed.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 13.]
+
+[Sidenote: The Scots invade the English borders.]
+
+[Sidenote: Fox bishop of Durham owner of Norham castell.]
+
+While these things were adooing in England, the king of Scots being
+aduertised of the whole matter and rebellion of the Cornishmen, thought
+not to let passe that occasion: and therefore he eftsoones inuaded
+the frontiers of England, wasting the countrie, burning townes, and
+murthering the people, spareing neither place nor person: and while his
+light horsmen were riding to forraie and destroie the bishoprike of
+Durham, and there burned all about, he with an other part of his armie
+did besiege the castell of Norham. The bishop of Durham Richard Fox,
+being owner of that castell, had well furnished it both with men and
+munitions aforehand, doubting least that would follow which came now to
+passe. The bishop, after that the Scots made this inuasion, aduertised
+the king (as then being at London) of all things that chanced in the
+North parts; and sent in all post hast to the earle of Surrie, to come
+to the rescue. The earle being then in Yorkeshire, and hauing gathered
+an armie, vpon knowledge giuen to him from the bishop, with all
+diligence marched forward, and after him followed other noble men out
+of all the quarters of the North, euerie of them bringing as manie men
+as they could gather, for defense of their countrie.
+
+[Sidenote: What lords & knights with their companies went to the rescue
+of the castell against the Scots.]
+
+Amongst these, the cheefe leaders were, Rafe earle of Westmerland,
+Thomas lord Dacres, Rafe lord Neuill, George lord Strange, Richard lord
+Latimer, George lord Lumleie, Iohn lord Scroope, Henrie lord Clifford,
+George lord Ogle, William lord Coniers, Thomas lord Darcie. Of knights,
+Thomas baron of Hilton, sir William Persie, sir William Bulmer, sir
+William Gascoigne, sir Rafe Bigod, sir Rafe Bowes, sir Thomas a Parre,
+sir Rafe Ellecker, sir Iohn Constable, sir Iohn Ratcliffe, sir Iohn
+Sauill, sir Thomas Strangweis, and a great number of other knights
+and esquiers besides. The whole armie was little lesse than twentie
+thousand men, beside the nauie, whereof the lord Brooke was admerall.
+
+[Sidenote: The earle of Surreie entreth Scotland defacing castels and
+towers.]
+
+When the Scots had diuerse waies assaulted and beaten the castell of
+Norham, but could make no batterie to enter the same, they determined
+of their owne accord to raise the siege, and returne; and that so
+much the sooner in verie deed, bicause they heard that the earle of
+Surrie was within two daies iournie of them, with a great puissance.
+Wherefore king Iames raised his siege, and returned home into his owne
+realme. When the earle knew of the kings returne, he followed him with
+all hast possible, trusting suerlie to ouertake him, and to giue him
+battell. When the earle was entred Scotland, he ouerthrew and defaced
+the castell of Cawdestreimes, the tower of Hetenhall, the tower of
+Edington, the tower of Fulden: and he sent Norreie king at armes to
+the capteine of Haiton castell, which was one of the strongest places
+betwixt Berwike and Edenburgh, to deliuer him the castell. Which he
+denied to doo, affirming that he was sure of speedie succours.
+
+The earle heerevpon laid his ordinance to the castell, and continuallie
+beat it, from two of the clocke till fiue at night, in such wise, that
+they within rendered vp the place, their liues onelie saued. The earle
+caused his minors to raise & ouerthrow the fortresse to the plaine
+ground. The Scotish king was within a mile of the siege, and both
+knew it, and saw the smoke, but would not set one foot forward to the
+rescue. While the erle laie at Haiton, the king of Scots sent to him
+Machemont, and an other herald, desiring him at his election, either to
+fight with whole puissance against puissance, or else they two to fight
+person to person; requiring that if the victorie fell to the Scotish
+king, that then the earle should deliuer for his ransome, the towne of
+Berwike, with the fishgarths of the same.
+
+[Sidenote: The valiant hart of the erle of Surrie reioising at his hap
+likelie to fight hand to hand with the K. of Scots.]
+
+The earle made answer hereto, that the towne of Berwike was the king
+his maisters, and not his, the which he neither ought nor would laie
+to pledge, without the king of Englands assent; but he would gage his
+bodie, which was more pretious to him than all the townes of the world,
+promising on his honour, that if he tooke the king prisoner in that
+singular combat, he would release to him all his part of the fine and
+ransome; and if it chanced the king to vanquish him, he would gladlie
+paie such ransome as was conuenient for the degree of an earle, and
+thanked him greatlie for the offer: for suerlie he thought himselfe
+much honored, that so noble a prince would vouchsafe to admit so poore
+an earle to fight with him bodie to bodie. When he had rewarded and
+dismissed the heralds, he set his armie in a readinesse, to abide the
+comming of the king of Scots, and so stood all daie.
+
+[Sidenote: An ambassadour from the K. of Spaine to treat a peace
+betwixt England and Scotland.]
+
+But king Iames not regarding his offers, would neither performe the
+one nor the other; fearing to cope with the English nation in anie
+condition; and so therevpon fled in the night season with all his
+puissance. When the earle knew that the king was reculed, and had beene
+in Scotland six or seuen daies, being dailie and nightlie vexed with
+continuall wind and raine, vpon good and deliberate aduise returned
+backe to the towne of Berwike, and there dissolued his armie, tarieng
+there himselfe, till he might vnderstand further of the kings pleasure.
+In the meane time there came an ambassadour to the K. of Scots from the
+K. of Spaine, one Peter Hialas, a man of no lesse learning than wit &
+policie, to mooue and intret a peace betweene the two kings of England
+& Scotland [that their people might fall to their necessarie trades of
+aduantage with quietnesse, and friend with friend, husband with wife,
+father with children, and maisters with seruants dwell and accompanie:
+a dissolution and separation of whom one from another is procured by
+bloudie warre, wherein as there is no pitie, so is there is no pietie,
+as one saith full trulie:
+
+[Sidenote: _Luc. Lib. 10._]
+
+    Nulla fides pietasque viris qui castra sequuntur,
+    Nulla salus bello.]
+
+This Spanish ambassadour so earnestlie trauelled in his message vnto
+the king of Scots, that at length he found him conformable to his
+purpose: and therefore wrote to the king of England, that it would
+please him to send one of his nobilitie or councell, to be associat
+with him in concluding of peace with the Scotish king. The king of
+England was neuer dangerous to agree to anie reasonable peace, so
+it might stand with his honour; and therefore appointed the bishop
+of Durham doctor Fox, to go into Scotland about that treatie which
+Peter Hialas had begun. The bishop (according to his commission) went
+honorablie into Scotland, where he and Peter Hialas at the towne of
+Iedworth, after long arguing and debating of matters with the Scotish
+commissioners, in steed of peace concluded a truce for certeine yeares;
+vpon condition, that Iames king of Scots should conueie Perkin Warbecke
+out of his realme, seigniories, and dominions.
+
+[Sidenote: The English merchants receiued into Antwerpe with generall
+procession.]
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin is faine to packe out of Scotland.]
+
+About the same time, king Henrie receiued the ambassadors that were
+sent to him from the French king, and had beene staied at Douer, till
+the Cornish rebels were vanquished and subdued. Also the lord of
+Camphire, and other oratours of Philip archduke of Austrich, and duke
+of Burgognie came to him for the conclusion of amitie, and to haue the
+English merchants to resort againe to their countrie. Which request
+being verie agreeable to the quietnesse and wealth of his realme, and
+especiallie at that time, he did fauorablie grant and agree vnto. And
+so did the Englishmen resort againe into the archdukes dominions, and
+were receiued into Antwerpe with generall procession: so glad was that
+towne of their returne. Shortlie after the concluding of the truce
+betweene England and Scotland, Perkin Warbecke being willed of the king
+of Scots to depart out of the Scotish dominions, sailed with his wife
+and familie into Ireland, there determining with himselfe either to
+repaire into Flanders to his first setter vp the duches of Burgognie,
+or else ioine and take part with the Cornishmen.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin Warbecke arriueth in Cornewall.]
+
+[Sidenote: Another rebellion by the Cornishmen.]
+
+[Sidenote: Perkins three councellors.]
+
+But howsoeuer it came to passe, whilest he laie in Ireland, he had
+knowledge from the Cornishmen, that they were readie to renew the warre
+againe. Wherevpon he minding not to let passe so faire an occasion,
+hauing with him foure small ships, and not aboue six score men, sailed
+into Cornewall; and there landed in the moneth of September, and came
+to a towne called Bodman, and there did so prouoke the wauering
+people, what with faire words and large promises, that he gathered to
+him aboue three thousand persons, which immediatlie called him their
+capteine, promising to take his part, and follow him to the death. Then
+Perkin well incouraged, made proclamations in the name of king Richard
+the fourth, as sonne to king Edward the fourth. And by the aduise of
+his three councellors, Iohn Heron mercer a bankrupt, Richard Skelton a
+tailor, and Iohn Astelie a scriuener determined first of all to assaie
+the winning of Excester.
+
+[Sidenote: Excester assaulted by Perkin & the Cornishmen.]
+
+[Sidenote: The citie of Excester preserued from fire by fire.]
+
+Then hasting thither, he laid siege to it, and wanting ordinance to
+make batterie, studied all waies possible how to breake the gates, and
+what with casting of stones, heauing with iron barres, and kindling of
+fire vnder the gates, he omitted nothing that could be deuised for the
+furtherance of his purpose. The citizens, perceiuing in what danger
+they stood, first let certeine messengers downe by cords ouer the
+wall, that might certifie the king of their necessitie & trouble. And
+herewith taking vnto them boldnenesse of courage, determined to repell
+fire with fire, and caused fagots to be brought and laied to the inward
+parts of the gates, and set them all on fire; to the intent that the
+fire being inflamed on both sides the gates, might as well keepe out
+their enimies from entring, as shut in the citizens from fleeing out,
+and that they in the meane season might make trenches and rampiers to
+defend their enimies in steed of gates and bulworks. Thus by fire was
+the citie preserued from fire.
+
+[Sidenote: The king maketh out his power against Perkin.]
+
+Then Perkin of verie necessitie compelled to forsake the gates,
+assaulted the towne in diuerse weake and vnfortified places, and
+set vp ladders to take the citie. But the citizens, with helpe of
+such as were come foorth of the countrie adioining to their aid, so
+valiantlie defended the walles, that they slue aboue two hundred of
+Perkins souldiers at that assault. The king hauing aduertisement of
+this siege of Excester, hasted foorth with his host, in as much speed
+as was possible, and sent the lord Daubeneie with certeine bands of
+light horssemen before, to aduertise all men of his comming at hand.
+But in the meane season, the lord Edward Courtneie earle of Deuonshire,
+and the valiant lord William his sonne, accompanied with sir Edmund
+Carew, sir Thomas Trenchard, sir William Courtneie, sir Thomas Fulford,
+sir Iohn Halewell, sir Iohn Croker, Water Courtnie, Peter Edgecombe,
+William saint Maure, with all speed came into the citie of Excester,
+and holpe the citizens, and at the last assault was the earle hurt in
+the arme with an arrow, and so were manie of his companie, but verie
+few slaine.
+
+[Sidenote: Edward the yoong duke of Buckingham and his companie ioine
+with the king.]
+
+When Perkin saw that he could not win the citie of Excester, sith
+he sawe it was so well fortified both with men and munitions, he
+departed from thence, and went vnto Taunton, and there the twentith
+day of September he mustered his men; as though he were readie to
+giue battell: but perceiuing his number to be minished, by the secret
+withdrawing of sundrie companies from him, he began to put mistrust in
+all the remnant. In deed when the people that followed him, in hope
+that no small number of the nobilitie would ioine with him, saw no such
+matter come to passe, they stale awaie from him by secret companies.
+When the king heard that he was gone to Taunton, he followed after
+him with all speed. And by the way there came to him Edward duke of
+Buckingham, a yoong prince of great towardnesse; and him followed a
+great companie of noble men, knights and esquiers, as sir Alexander
+Bainam, sir Maurice Barkleie, sir Robert Tame, sir Iohn Guise, sir
+Robert Pointz, sir Henrie Vernon, sir Iohn Mortimer, sir Thomas
+Tremaile, sir Edward Sutton, sir Amise Paulet, sir Iohn Birkneill, sir
+Iohn Sapcotes, sir Hugh Lutterell, sir Francis Cheinie, and diuerse
+other.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin fleeth and taketh Beaudlie sanctuarie.]
+
+At the kings approching to the towne of Taunton, he set before him
+Robert lord Brooke lord steward of his house, Giles lord Daubeneie his
+chiefe chamberleine, and sir Rice ap Thomas. But as soone as Perkin
+was informed that his enimies were readie to giue him battell, he
+that nothing lesse minded than to fight in open field with the kings
+puissance, dissembled all the daie time with his companie, as though
+nothing could make him afraid: and about midnight, accompanied with
+three score horssemen, he departed from Taunton in post to a sanctuarie
+towne beside Southampton, called Beaudlie, & there he and Iohn Heron
+with other registred themselues as persons priuileged. When as king
+Henrie knew that Perkin was thus fled, he sent after him the lord
+Daubeneie with fiue hundred horssemen toward the sea side, to apprehend
+him before he should get away. Although Perkin escaped (as I haue
+said) vnto sanctuarie, yet manie of his chiefe capteins were taken and
+presented to the king.
+
+[Sidenote: The beautifull ladie Katharine (Perkins wife) presented to
+the king.]
+
+Also the horssemen that were sent, without anie stop or staie came
+to saint Michaels mount, and there (as chance was) found the ladie
+Katharine Gordon wife to Perkin, and brought hir streight to the king.
+At whose beautie and amiable countenance the king much maruelled,
+and thought hir a preie more meet for a prince, than for the meane
+souldiers, and sent hir incontinentlie vnto London to the queene,
+accompanied with a sort of sage matrones and gentlewomen, bicause she
+was but yoong. The common people that had followed Perkin, after that
+their cheefeteine was fled, threw awaie their armour as people amazed,
+and submitted themselues to the king, humblie beseeching him of mercie,
+which he most gentlie granted, and receiued them to his fauour. After
+this the king road to Excester, and there not onelie commended the
+citizens, but also hartilie thanked them for dooing so well their
+duties in defending their citie from their enimies. He also put there
+to execution diuerse Cornishmen, which were the authors and principall
+beginners of this new conspiracie and insurrection. Neuerthelesse,
+he vsed maruellous clemencie also in pardoning a great number of the
+rebels.
+
+[Sidenote: _Iohn Hooker, alias Vowell._]
+
+[Sidenote: All Perkins partakers in their shirts with halters about
+their necks appeare before the king.]
+
+¶ For when king Henrie was come to Excester with a great armie, mooued
+therevnto (as you haue heard) by reason of the rebellion of Perkin
+Warbecke, who was fled before the kings comming, he staied a few daies
+about the examination of the said rebellion, and the executing of
+the chiefe and principall capteins. In the end, the multitude of the
+offendors being great, and most humblie crauiug for pardon, the king
+caused them all to be assembled in the churchyard of saint Peters,
+where they all appeared bare headed, in their shirts, and with halters
+about their necks. His grace was then lodged in the treasurors house,
+lieng fast vpon the churchyard, and out of a faire and large window
+(made for the purpose) he tooke the view of them, who shouted and
+cried out for pardon. At length, when the king had paused, hee made a
+speach vnto them, exhorting them to obedience, and in hope he should
+thencefoorth find them dutifull, he pardoned them all: whereat they
+all made a great shout, gaue the king thanks, and hurled awaie their
+halters. Yet neuerthelesse, some returned againe, and ioined themselues
+with the Cornish people, which had not all submitted themselues, nor
+sought for pardon.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin in sanctuarie assaulted.]
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin submitteth himselfe to the king, and is streictlie
+seene to.]
+
+Now while he remained at Excester, he considered with himselfe, that
+he had doone nothing, if he could not get into his hands the chiefe
+head of this trouble and seditious businesse. Wherefore he caused the
+sanctuarie wherein Perkin was inclosed, to be inuironed with two bands
+of light horssemen, to watch diligentlie, that Perkin should not escape
+by anie meanes foorth of that place vntaken: and withall attempted
+by faire promises of pardon and forgiuenes, if Perkin would submit
+himselfe to him and become his man. Perkin perceiuing himselfe so shut
+vp, that he could no waie escape, of his owne free will came out of the
+sanctuarie, and committed himselfe to the kings pleasure. When the king
+had thus atchiued his purpose, he returned to London, and appointed
+certeine keepers to attend on Perkin, which should not (the bredth of
+a maile) go from his person; least he should conueie himselfe by anie
+meanes out of the land [and set new troubles abroch by such practises
+as he had to fore vsed, for the aduancement of himselfe to the estate
+of a king, by assuming vnto himselfe the name of a kings sonne, when in
+deed hee was come of base parentage. But Iacke will bee a gentleman,
+the long eared asse will be taken for a leopard, & the pelting pismire
+for a lion, as one saith:
+
+[Sidenote: _M. Pal. in Virg._]
+
+    Nunc se asinus pardum vocat & formica leonem.]
+
+[Sidenote: C[=o]missioners appointed for assessing of their fines that
+fauoured the Cornish rebels.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1498]
+
+After this, the king caused inquiries to be made, of all such as
+had aided with men or monie the Cornish rebels, so that diuerse
+persons as well in Summersetshire as Deuonshire were detected of that
+offense, which he minded for example sake should tast some part of due
+punishments for their crimes, according to the qualitie thereof. And
+therefore he appointed Thomas lord Darcie, Amise Paulet knight, and
+Robert Sherborne deane of Poules (that was after bishop of Chichester)
+to be commissioners for assessing of their fines that were found
+culpable. These commissioners so bestirred themselues, in tossing the
+coffers and substance of all the inhabitants of both those shires,
+that there was not one person imbrued or spotted with the filth of
+that abhominable crime, that escaped the paine which he had deserued:
+but to such yet as offended rather by constreint than of malice, they
+were gentle and fauourable, so that equitie therein was verie well and
+iustlie executed.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex. I. S. pag. 872._]
+
+[Sidenote: Gardens in Moore field laid wast to make archers game.]
+
+[Sidenote: Price of haie doubled.]
+
+[Sidenote: Sebastian Gabato his discouerie of an Iland of rich
+commodities.]
+
+¶ In this yeare all the gardens which had beene continued time out
+of mind, without Moore gate of London, were destroied, and of them
+was made a plaine field for archers to shoot in. Also this yeere was
+a great drought, by reason whereof a load of haie, which was before
+sold at London at fiue shillings, was this yeare sold for ten or
+twelue more. Also this yeare, one Sebastian Gabato, a Genoas sonne,
+borne in Bristow, professing himselfe to be expert in knowledge of the
+circuit of the world, and Islands of the same, as by his charts and
+other reasonable demonstrations he shewed, caused the king to man and
+vittell a ship at Bristow, to search for an Iland which he knew to be
+replenished with rich commodites. In the ship diuerse merchants of
+London aduentured small stocks, and in the companie of this ship sailed
+also out of Bristow three or foure small ships fraight with slight and
+grosse wares, as course cloath, caps, lases, points, and such other.
+
+Sir Humfrie Gilbert knight, in his booke intituled, A discouerie
+for a new passage to Cataia, writeth thus; "Sebastian Gabato, by
+his personall experience and trauell, hath described and set foorth
+this passage in his charts, which are yet to be seene in the queenes
+maiesties priuie gallerie at White hall, who was sent to make this
+discouerie by king Henrie the seuenth, and entered the same fret,
+affirming that hee sailed verie farre westward, with a quarter of the
+north, on the north side of terra de Labrador, the eleuenth of Iune,
+vntill he came to the septentrionall latitude of 67-1/2 degrees, and
+finding the seas still open, said, that he might & would haue gon to
+Cataia, if the emnitie of the maister and mariners had not beene."
+Neuerthelesse, he went verie farre, euen to a nation inhabited with
+people more like beasts than men, as appeareth in the yeare 1502, and
+the seuenteenth of this kings reigne, when the said traueller was
+returned, and presented himselfe to the kings maiestie.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 14.]
+
+[Sidenote: England and Scotland liklie to go togither by the eares
+afresh.]
+
+In this yeare the warre had like to haue beene reuiued betwixt the
+realmes of England and Scotland by a small occasion, as thus. Certeine
+yongmen of the Scots came arriued before Norham castell, & beheld it
+woonderous circumspectlie, as though they would faine haue beene of
+counsell to know what was doone therein. The keepers not perceiuing
+anie damage attempted against them for the first time, determined not
+to mooue anie question to them, or once to stirre out. But when they
+came againe the next day, and viewed it likewise, the keepers of the
+castell suspecting some euill meaning, demanded of them what their
+intent was, and why they viewed and aduised so the castell. The Scots
+answered them roughlie with disdainfull words, so that the Englishmen
+fell to and replied with strokes; and after manie blowes giuen and
+receiued, diuerse Scots were wounded, and some slaine; and the residue
+ouermatched with multitude of the Englishmen, fled as fast as their
+horsses could carie them.
+
+The Scotish king hereof aduertised, was highlie displeased, and in all
+hast signified to king Henrie by his herald Marchemont, in what sort
+his people (to the breach of the truce) were abused and handled. King
+Henrie being not in will to breake with anie of his neighbours, excused
+the matter, affirming that he was not of knowledge to the misdemeanor
+of those that had the castell in keeping; requiring the king of Scots
+not to thinke the truce broken for anie thing doone without his
+consent; promising in the word of a king to inquire of the truth, and
+if the offense were found to be begun on the partie of the keepers of
+the castell, he assured him that they should for no meed nor fauour
+escape due correction and punishment.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop of Durham aswageth the kings displeasure by
+letters.]
+
+This answer (though it was more than reasonable) could not pacifie the
+king of Scots, till the bishop of Durham (that was owner of the castell
+of Norham) who sore lamented, that by such as he appointed keepers
+there, the warre should be renewed with sundrie letters written to the
+Scotish king, at length asswaged his displeasure, so that the said king
+wrote courteouslie to the bishop againe, signifieng that bicause he had
+manie secret things in his mind, which he would communicate onelie with
+him touching this matter now in variance; therefore he required him
+to take the paine to come into his countrie, trusting that he should
+thinke his labor well bestowed. The bishop was glad, and sent word
+hereof to the king his master, who willed him to accomplish the desire
+of the Scotish king, which he tooke to bee reasonable.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop of Durham goeth into Scotland.]
+
+[Sidenote: The Scotish king desireth the ladie Margaret eldest daughter
+of K. Henrie the seuenth to be his wife.]
+
+At his comming into Scotland, he was courteouslie receiued of the king
+himselfe at the abbeie of Melrosse. And there, after the king had (for
+a countenance) complained much of the vniust slaughter of his men late
+committed at Norham: vpon the bishops gentle answers thervnto, he
+forgaue the same, and after began to talke secretlie without witnesses
+alone with the bishop. And first he declared what iust causes mooued
+him in times past to seeke amitie with the king of England: which now
+he desired much more to haue confirmed, for further maintenance &
+increase thereof. Which he doubted not but should sort to a fortunate
+conclusion, if the king of England would vouchsafe to giue to him in
+matrimonie his first begotten daughter the ladie Margaret, vpon which
+point he purposed latelie to haue sent his ambassadors into England,
+which thing he would the sooner doo if he knew the bishops mind therein
+to bee readie to further his sute. The bishop answered but few words
+sauing that when he were returned to the king his maister, he would doo
+the best in the matter that he could.
+
+[Sidenote: 1499.]
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin Warbecke escapeth from his keepers.]
+
+When the bishop was returned into England, and come to the king, he
+declared to him all the communication had betweene king Iames and him,
+from point to point in order. The king liked well thereof as he to
+whome peace was euer a souereigne solace and comfort. In this meane
+time Perkin Warbecke, disappointed of all hope to escape out of the
+Englishmens hands (which was the onelie thing that he most desired)
+found meanes yet at length to deceiue his keepers, & took him to his
+heels. But when he came to the sea coasts, and could not passe, he was
+in a maruellous perplexitie: for euerie by way, lane, and corner was
+laid for him, and such search made, that being brought to his wits
+end, and cut short of his pretensed iournie, he came to the house of
+Bethlem, called the priorie of Sheene beside Richmond in Southerie, and
+betooke himselfe to the prior of that monasterie, requiring him for the
+honour of God, to beg his pardon of life of the kings maiestie.
+
+The prior, which for the opinion that men had conceiued of his vertue,
+was had in great estimation, pitieng the wretched state of that
+caitife, came to the king, and shewed him of this Perkin, whose pardon
+he humblie craued, and had it as freelie granted. Incontinentlie after
+was Perkin brought to the court againe at Westminster, and was one day
+set fettered in a paire of stocks, before the doore of Westminster
+hall, and there stood a whole day, not without innumerable reproches,
+mocks and scornings. And the next daie he was caried through London,
+and set vpon a like scaffold in Cheape by the standard, with like
+ginnes and stocks as he occupied the daie before, and there stood all
+daie, and read operilie his owne confession, written with his owne
+hand, the verie copie whereof here insueth.
+
+
+The confession of Perkin as it was written with his owne hand, which he
+read openlie vpon a scaffold by the standard in Cheape.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin maketh an anatomie of his descent or linage.]
+
+It is first to be knowne, that I was borne in the towne of Turneie in
+Flanders, and my fathers name is Iohn Osbecke, which said Iohn Osbecke
+was controller of the said towne of Turneie, and my moothers name is
+Katharine de Faro. And one of my grandsires vpoa my fathers side was
+named Diricke Osbeck, which died. After whose death my grandmoother was
+married vnto Peter Flamin, that was receiuer of the forenamed towne of
+Turneie, & deane of the botemen that row vpon the water or riuer called
+le Scheld. And my grandsire vpon my moothers side was Peter de Faro,
+which had in his keeping the keies of the gate of S. Iohns within the
+same towne of Turneie. Also I had an vncle called maister Iohn Stalin,
+dwelling in the parish of S. Pias, within the same towne, which had
+maried my fathers sister, whose name was Ione or Iane, with whome I
+dwelt a certeine season.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkins education or bringing vp.]
+
+And after I was led by my moother to Antwerpe for to learne Flemish,
+in a house of a cousine of mine, an officer of the said towne, called
+Iohn Stienbecke, with whome I was the space of halfe a yeare. And after
+that I returned againe to Turneie, by reason of warres that were in
+Flanders. And within a yeare following I was sent with a merchant of
+the said towne of Turneie, named Berlo, to the mart of Antwerpe, where
+I fell sicke, which sickenesse continued vpon me fiue moneths. And the
+said Berlo set me to boord in a skinners house, that dwelled beside the
+house of the English nation. And by him I was from thense caried to
+Barow mart; and I lodged at the signe of the old man, where I abode for
+the space of two moneths.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin a notable landloper.]
+
+After this, the said Berlo set me with a merchant of Middleborow
+to seruice for to learne the language, whose name was Iohn Strew,
+with whome I dwelt from Christmasse to Easter, and then I went into
+Portingall in companie of sir Edward Bramptons wife, in a ship which
+was called the queens ship. And when I was come thither, then was I
+put in seruice to a knight that dwelled in Lushborne, which was called
+Peter Vacz de Cogna, with whome I dwelled an whole yeare, which said
+knight had but one eie. And bicause I desired to see other countries, I
+tooke licence of him, and then I put my selfe in seruice with a Briton,
+called Pregent Meno, which brought me with him into Ireland. Now when
+we were there arriued in the towne of Corke, they of the towne (bicause
+I was arraied with some cloths of silke of my said maisters) came vnto
+me, & threatned vpon me that I should be the duke of Clarences sonne,
+that was before time at Dublin.
+
+[Sidenote: The Irish would haue Perkin take vpon him to be the duke of
+Clarences sonne.]
+
+[Sidenote: They beare Perkin downe with oths that he is king Richards
+bastard.]
+
+But forsomuch as I denied it, there was brought vnto me the holie
+euangelists, and the crosse, by the maior of the towne, which was
+called Iohn Leweline, and there in the duke the presence of him and
+others, I tooke mine oth (as the truth was) that I was not the foresaid
+dukes sonne, nor none of his bloud. And after this came vnto me an
+Englishman, whose name was Stephan Poitron, and one Iohn Water, and
+laid to me in swearing great oths, that they knew well that I was king
+Richards bastard sonne: whome I answered with like oths, that I was
+not. Then they aduised me not to be afeard, but that I should take it
+vpon me boldlie: and if I would so doo, they would aid and assist me
+with all their power against the king of England; & not onelie they,
+but they were well assured, that the earle of Desmond & Kildare should
+doo the same.
+
+[Sidenote: They call him duke of Yorke.]
+
+For they forced not what part they tooke, so that they might be
+reuenged on the king of England: and so against my will made me to
+learne English, and taught me what I should doo and saie. And after
+this they called me duke of Yorke, second sonne to king Edward the
+fourth, bicause king Richards bastard sonne was in the hands of the
+king of England. And vpon this the said Water, Stephan Poitron, Iohn
+Tiler, Hughbert Burgh, with manie others, as the foresaid carles,
+entered into this false quarell, and within short time others. The
+French K. sent an ambassador into Ireland, whose name was Loit Lucas,
+and maister Stephan Friham, to aduertise me to come into France. And
+thense I went into France, and from thense into Flanders, & from
+Flanders into Ireland, and from Ireland into Scotland, & so into
+England.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When the night of the same daie (being the fifteenth of Iune) was
+come, after he had stood all that daie in the face of the citie, he
+was committed to the Tower, there to remaine vnder safe keeping, least
+happilie he might eftsoones run awaie, and escape out of the land, to
+put the king and realme to some new trouble. For he had a woonderfull
+dexteritie and readinesse to circumuent, a heart full of ouerreaching
+imaginations, an aspiring mind, a head more wilie (I wisse) than
+wittie; bold he was and presumptuous in his behauiour, as forward to
+be the instrument of a mischeefe, as anie deuiser of wickednesse would
+wish; a feend of the diuels owne forging, nursed and trained vp in the
+studie of commotions, making offer to reach as high as he could looke;
+such was his inordinate ambition, wherewith he did swell as coueting
+to be a princes peere: much like the tode that would match the bull in
+drinking, but in the end she burst in peeces and neuer dranke more; as
+the poet telleth the tale (by the imitation of the fabler) saieng;
+
+[Sidenote: _M. Pal. in Virg._]
+
+    ----cupiens aequare bibendo
+    Rana bouem, rupta nunquam bibit amplius aluo.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 15.]
+
+[Sidenote: Patrike an Augustine Frier.]
+
+[Sidenote: Rafe Wilford the counterfeit earle of Warwike]
+
+In this yeare was an Augustine frier called Patrike in the parties of
+Suffolke, the which hauing a scholer named Rafe Wilford (a shoomakers
+sonne of London as Stow noteth) had so framed him to his purpose, that
+in hope to worke some great enterprise, as to disappoint the king of
+his crowne and seat roiall, tooke vpon him to be the earle of Warwike,
+insomuch that both the maister and scholer hauing counselled betweene
+themselves of their enterprise, they went into Kent, & there began
+the yoong mawmet to tell priuilie to manie, that he was the verie
+earle of Warwike, and latelie gotten out of the Tower, by the helpe
+of this frier Patrike. To which saiengs when the frier perceiued some
+light credence to be giuen, he declared it openlie in the pulpit, and
+desired all men of helpe. But the danger of this seditious attempt was
+shortlie remooued and taken awaie, the maister and scholer being both
+apprehended and cast into prison and atteinted.
+
+[Sidenote: The counterfeit earle is executed.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex. Edw. Hall in Hen. 7 fol._ lj.]
+
+[Sidenote: The cause why the clergie neuer so heinouslie offending was
+so fauoured.]
+
+The scholer was hanged, on Shrouetuesdaie at saint Thomas Waterings,
+and the frier condemned to perpetuall prison. For at that time so
+much reuerence was attributed to the holie orders, that to a preest
+(although he had committed high treason against his souereigne lord)
+his life was spared, in like case as to anie other offender in murther,
+rape, or theft, that had receiued anie of the three higher holie
+orders. [The cheefe cause (saith Edward Hall) of this fauour was this,
+bicause bishops of a long time and season did not take knowledge,
+nor intermix themselues with the search & punishment of such heinous
+and detestable offenses: by reason whereof they did not disgrade and
+depriue from the holie orders such malefactors and wicked persons,
+which without that ceremonie by the canon lawes could not be put to
+death.
+
+[Sidenote: Burning in the hand when enacted.]
+
+Furthermore, what should a man saie, it was also vsed, that he that
+could but onelie read (yea although he vnderstood not what he read)
+how heinous or detestable a crime so euer he had committed (treason
+onelie excepted) should likewise as affines & alies to the holie orders
+be saued, and committed to the bishops prison. And to the intent that
+if they should escape, and be againe taken, committing like offense,
+that their liues be no more to them pardoned: it was ordeined that
+murtherers should be burnt on the brawne of the left hand with an hot
+iron signed with this letter M. and theeues in the same place with
+this letter T. So that if they, which were once signed with anie of
+these markes or tokens did reiterate like crime & offense againe,
+should suffer the paines and punishments which they had both merited
+and deserued. Which decree was enacted and established in a session
+of parlement kept in the time of this kings reigne, and taken (as I
+coniecture) of the French nation, which are woont, if they take anie
+such offender, to cut off one of his eares, as a sure token and marke
+hereafter of his euill dooing.]
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin corrupted his keepers.]
+
+[Sidenote: Edward Plantagenet earle of Warwike a verie innocent.]
+
+Perkin Warbecke (as before ye haue heard) being now in hold, by false
+persuasions and great promises corrupted his keepers, Stranguish,
+Blewet, Astwood, and long Roger, seruants to sir Iohn Digbie lieutenant
+of the Tower. Insomuch that they (as it was at their arreignment
+openlie prooued) intended to haue slaine their maister, and to haue set
+Perkin and the earle of Warwike at large. Which earle of Warwike had
+beene kept in prison within the Tower almost from his tender yeares,
+that is to saie, from the first yeare of the king, to this fifteenth
+yeare, out of all companie of men & sight of beasts, insomuch that
+he could not discerne a goose from a capon, and therefore by common
+reason and open apparance could not of himselfe seeke his owne death
+and destruction. But yet by the drift and offense of an other he was
+brought to his death and confusion.
+
+[Sidenote: Perkin and Iohn Awater executed at Tiburne.]
+
+For being made priuie of this enterprise deuised by Perkin and his
+complices, therevnto (as all naturall creatures loue libertie) he
+assented and agreed. But this craftie deuise and subtill imagination
+being reuealed, sorted to none effect, so that Perkin and Iohn Awater
+sometime maior of Corke in Ireland, one of his cheefe founders, and his
+sonne, were on the sixteenth daie of Nouember arreigned and condemned
+at Westminster. And on the three and twentith daie of the same moneth,
+Perkin and Iohn Awater were drawne to Tiburne, where Perkin standing
+on a little scaffold, read his confession (as before he had doone in
+Cheape side) taking it on his death to be true. And so he and Iohn
+Awater asked the king forgiuenesse, and died patientlie.
+
+[Sidenote: Edward Plantagenet the yoong earle of Warwike beheaded.]
+
+This was the reward of the feined glose and counterfeit comment of
+Perkin Warbecke, the which as by his false surmises in his life time
+had brought manie honourable personages to their deaths, and vndoone
+manie an honest man: so now at his death he brought other of the same
+sort to their not altogither vndeserued punishment. And amongest others
+Edward Plantagenet the forenamed erle of Warwike, which (as the fame
+went) consented to breake prison, and to depart out of the realme with
+Perkin (which in prisoners is high treason) was the one and twentith
+daie of the said moneth arreigned at Westminster before the earle
+of Oxenford then high steward of England of the said treason, which
+(whether it were by intisement and persuasion of other, or of his owne
+free will manie doubted, bicause of his innocencie) confessed the fact,
+and submitted himselfe to the kings mercie; and vpon his confession had
+his iudgement, and according thervnto the eight and twentith daie of
+Nouember in the yeare 1499, was brought to the scaffold on the Tower
+hill, and there beheaded.
+
+[Sidenote: 1500.]
+
+[Sidenote: A great plague.]
+
+[Sidenote: Edward the kings third sonne christened.]
+
+[Sidenote: The manour of Sheene burnt & Richmond built in place
+thereof.]
+
+[Sidenote: _I. S. pag. 874._]
+
+The fame after his death sprang abroad, that Ferdinando king of Spaine
+would make no full conclusion of the matrimonie to be had betweene
+prince Arthur and the ladie Katharine daughter to the said Ferdinando,
+nor send hir into England as long as this earle liued. For he imagined
+that so long as anie earle of Warwike liued, England should neuer be
+purged of ciuill warre and priuie sedition; so much was the name of
+Warwike in other regions had in feare and gealousie. The next yeare
+after there was a great plague, whereof men died in manie places verie
+sore; but speciallie and most of all in the citie of London, where died
+in that yeare thirtie thousand. The foure and twentith of Februarie in
+this fifteenth yeare of this kings reigne his third son was christened
+and was named Edward. Also in this yeare was burned a place of the
+kings, called the manour of Sheene situate nigh the Thames side, which
+he after builded againe sumptuouslie, and changed the name of Sheene,
+and called it Richmond; bicause his father and he were earles of
+Richmond: or (as some note) for that so manie notable and rich iewels
+were there burnt. He also new builded Bainards castell in London, and
+repaired Greenewich.
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie the seuenth saileth to Calis.]
+
+The king, whether to auoid the danger of so great and perilous
+sickenesse, then raging, or to take occasion to commen with the duke of
+Burgognie, did personallie take his ship at Douer in the beginning of
+Maie, and sailed to Calis, whither the duke of Burgognie sent to him
+honourable personages in ambassage to welcome him into those parties,
+and to declare that the said duke would gladlie repaire personallie to
+his presence with such a number as the king should appoint, so that it
+were within no walled towne nor fortresse. For hauing denied the French
+king to enter into anie of his fortresses to talke with him, he would
+be loth now to giue a president to him to desire the like meeting.
+The king interteining the ambassadours, and thanking the duke of his
+courteous offer, appointed the place at saint Peters church without
+Calis.
+
+[Sidenote: The king of England and the duke of Burgognie meet at saint
+Peters church without Calis.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex Edw. Hall, in Hen. 7. fol._ lij.]
+
+Vpon tuesdaie in Whitsunweeke the archduke Philip came thither with a
+conuenient companie. The king and the queene with manie a lustie lord
+and ladie rode thither to welcome him. [And when the king approched,
+the duke at his lighting offered to hold his stirrupe, which the king
+in no wise would suffer to be doone. When the king was descended from
+his horsse, he and the archduke imbraced each other with most princelie
+familiaritie, and then the queene and all the nobles saluted him.]
+And after most louing interteinments, bankettings, mirth, and pastime
+shewed amongest them, there was communication of marriages, treating of
+further strengthening of leagues, requests of tolles in Flanders to be
+minished: with manie other things touching the commoditie and traffike
+of both their countries. And when all things were set in order, the two
+princes tooke their leaue, and departed; the king to Calis, and the
+archduke to S. Omers. After his departing, there came as ambassadors
+from the French king, the lord Gronthouse gouernour of Picardie, and
+the lord Meruelliers bailiffe of Amiens, which declared to the king the
+getting of Millaine and taking of the duke. The king highlie feasted
+them, and rewarded them princelie at their departing.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 16.]
+
+[Sidenote: A yeare of Iubile.]
+
+[Sidenote: Pope Alexander maketh profit of his great pardon or
+heauenlie grace, as he termeth it.]
+
+Soone after, when the death was slaked, the king returned againe into
+England about the end of Iune. Shortlie after there came to him one
+Gasper Pons a Spaniard, a man of excellent learning and most ciuill
+behauiour, sent from Alexander the bishop of Rome to distribute the
+heauenlie grace (as he termed it) to all such as (letted by anie
+forceable impediment) could not come to Rome that yeare to the Iubile,
+which was there celebrate, being the yeare after the birth of our
+Sauiour, 1500. This beneuolent liberalitie was not altogither freelie
+giuen. For Alexander looking to the health of mens soules, thought
+to doo somewhat for his owne priuat commoditie, & therefore he set a
+certeine price of that his grace and pardon. And to the end that the
+king should not hinder his purpose, he offered part of his gaines to
+the king.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Flem._]
+
+And to colour the matter with some fauourable pretext, and to make men
+the better willing, & more readie to giue franklie, he promised with
+that monie to make warre against the Turke. By this meanes the pope got
+a great masse of monie, which he had conueied ouer vnto him by such
+trustie messengers (doubt you not) as he had appointed; and yet nothing
+doone against the Turks, which in the meane season did much hurt to the
+christians. [For it was no part of his meaning (what colourable shew
+soeuer he made of tendering the succourlesse people) to impart anie
+portion thereof to so good a vse; but rather for the supportation of
+him and his swarme, who before they will bate an ace of their gorgeous
+gallantnesse, the whole world shall be cousened. Such is the collusion
+of the pope, such be the shamelesse shifts of him and his cleargie
+for the maintenance of their owne courtlie brauerie, which is wicked
+vanitie; farre passing the pompe of anie prince, were the same of
+neuer so rare magnificence; as he well noteth that said full trulie:
+
+[Sidenote: _Antith. Christ. &. pape. pag. 38. 40._]
+
+    ------immenso princeps non visus in orbe est,
+      Cui tanti fastus tantaue pompa fuit.
+    Ingreditur quando miserae Babylonis in vrbes,
+      Cernitur hic plusquam regia pompa comes.
+    Huic equus est spumans ostroq; insignis & auro,
+      Altisono cuius sub pede terra fremit, &c.]
+
+[Sidenote: Three bishops dead in one yeare.]
+
+[Sidenote: Two notable mariages.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1501.]
+
+[Sidenote: Katharine daughter to Ferdinando K. of Spaine affied to
+Arthur prince of Wales.]
+
+About this time died three bishops in England, Iohn Morton archbishop
+of Canturburie, Thomas Langton bishop of Winchester, and Thomas
+Rotheram archbishop of Yorke. After him succeeded Thomas Sauage bishop
+of London, a man of great honour and worthinesse: in whose place
+succeeded William Worham, of whome before is made mention. And Henrie
+Deane bisbop of Salisburie, was made archbishop of Canturburie, and
+Richard Fox was remooued from Durham to the see of Winchester. Also
+this yeare two notable mariages were concluded, but not consummate till
+afterwards, as you shall heare in place conuenient. For king Henrie
+granted his daughter ladie Margaret to Iames the fourth king of Scots.
+And Ferdinando king of Spaine gaue his daughter ladie Katharine to
+Arthur prince of Wales, sonne and heire apparant to the king of England.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 17.]
+
+[Sidenote: The fourth of October as _Stow_ hath noted.]
+
+Among other articles of the mariage concluded with the Scotish king
+this was one, that no English men should be receiued into Scotland
+without letters commendatorie of their souereigne lord, or safe conduct
+of his warden of the marches; and the same prohibition was in like
+maner giuen to the Scots. This yeare the ladie Katharine of Spaine was
+sent by hir father king Ferdinando with a puissant nauie of ships into
+England, where she arriued in the hauen of Plimmouth the second daie
+of October then being saturdaie. Vpon the twelft of Nouember she was
+conueied from Lambeth through London with all triumph and honour that
+might be deuised to the bishops palace, the streets being hanged, and
+pageants erected after the maner as is vsed at a coronation: which
+solemnitie Edward Hall describeth with the sumptuous shewes then
+glistering in the beholders eies.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Flem. ex. Edw. Hall. fol._ lij.]
+
+¶ I passe ouer (saith he) the wise deuises, the prudent speeches,
+the costlie works, the cunning portratures, practised and set foorth
+in seuen goodlie beautifull pageants, erected and set vp in diuerse
+places of the citie. I leaue also the goodlie ballades, the sweet
+harmonie, the musicall instruments, which sounded with heauenlie noise
+on euerie side of the streets. I omit further, the costlie apparell
+both of goldsmiths worke and imbroderie, the rich iewels, the massie
+chaines, the stirring horsses, the beautifull bards and the glittering
+trappers, both with belles and spangels of gold. I pretermit also the
+rich apparell of the princesse, the strange fashion of the Spanish
+nation, the beautie of the English ladies, the goodlie demeanure of
+the yoong damosels, the amorous countenance of the lustie bachelers.
+I passe ouer also the fine ingrained clothes, the costlie furs of the
+citizens, standing on scaffolds, raised from Gracechurch to Paules.
+What should I speake of the oderiferous scarlets, the fine veluets, the
+pleasant furres, the massie chaines, which the maior of London with
+the senat, sitting on horssebacke at the little conduit in Cheape,
+ware on their bodies and about their necks? I will not speake of the
+rich arras, the costlie tapestrie, the fine clothes both of gold and
+siluer, the curious veluets, the beautifull sattens, nor the pleasant
+silkes which did hang in euerie street where she passed, the wine that
+ran continuallie out of the conduits, and the graueling of the streets
+needeth not to be remembred.
+
+Whilest this ladie soiourned for hir recreation in the bishops palace
+of London, being in the meane time visited of the king, the queene, and
+the kings mother, there was erected in the bodie of S. Paules church
+a long bridge made of timber, extending from the west doore of the
+church to the step at the entring into the queere, which was six foot
+from the ground. On the said bridge or stage, euen directlie before the
+consistorie of the church, was a place raised like a mount for eight
+persons to stand vpon, compassed round about with steps to ascend and
+descend, which was couered with fine red worsted, and in likewise were
+all the railes of the said stage. On the north side of this mount was
+a place decked and trimmed for the king and queene, and such other as
+they appointed to haue. On the south side of the same mount stood the
+maior and the magistrates of the citie.
+
+[Sidenote: The solemnisation of the mariage betweene Arthur prince of
+Wales & Katharine daughter to the king of Spaine.]
+
+When all things were prepared and set in order, vpon the foureteenth
+of Nouember then being sundaie, the foresaid ladie was led to the said
+mount, and there prince Arthur openlie espoused hir, both being clad
+in white, both lustie and amorous, he of the age of fifteene and more,
+and she of the age of eighteene or thereabouts, the king and queene
+standing priuily on their stage. After the matrimonie celebrated,
+the prince and his wife went vp into the queere, and there heard a
+solemne masse soong by the archbishop of Canturburie, associat with
+nineteene prelats mitred. And after the masse finished, the bride was
+led homewards to the bishops palace by the duke of Yorke, being then a
+goodlie yoong prince, and the legat of Spaine. Next after followed the
+ladie Cicilie sister to the queene, supporting the traine of the spouse.
+
+[Sidenote: _Edw. Hall fol._ liij.]
+
+But to speake of all the solemne pompe, noble companie of lords and
+ladies, and what a sumptuous feast and plentifull was kept, with
+dansing and disguisings, words might sooner faile than matter worthie
+of rehearsall. Howbeit euerie daie endeth and night insueth, and so
+when night was come, the prince and his beautifull bride were brought
+and ioined togither in one bed, where they laie as man and wife all
+that night. ¶ Now when the morning appeered, the prince (as his
+familiar seruitors, which had then neither cause nor reward to lie or
+fame, openlie told the tale) called for drinke, which he before times
+was not accustomed to doo. At which thing one of his chamberleins
+maruelling, asked the cause of his drouth. To whome the prince answered
+merilie, saieng; I haue this night beene in the middest of Spaine,
+which is a hot region, and that iournie maketh me so drie: and if thou
+haddest beene vnder that hot climat, thou wouldest haue beene drier
+than I.
+
+[Sidenote: Margaret eldest daughter to king Henrie affied to Iames king
+of Scots.]
+
+Shortlie after the king and the queene, with the new wedded spouses
+went from Bainards castell by water to Westminster, on whom the maior
+and communaltie of London in barges gorgeouslie trimmed gaue their
+attendance. And there in the palace were such martiall feats, valiant
+iusts, vigorous turneis, and such fierce fight at the barriers, as
+before that time was of no man had in remembrance. Of this roiall
+triumph lord Edward duke of Buckingham was chiefe chalenger, and
+lord Thomas Greie marquesse Dorset chiefe defender, which with their
+aids and companions bare themselues so valiantlie, that they got
+great praise and honour, both of the Spaniards, and of their owne
+countriemen. During the time of these iusts and triumphs, were receiued
+into London, an earle, a bishop, and diuerse noble personages sent from
+the king of Scots into England, for conclusion of the mariage betweene
+the ladie Margaret and him; which earle by proxie, in the name of king
+Iames his maister, affied and contracted the said ladie. Which affiance
+was published at Paules crosse, the daie of the conuersion of saint
+Paule: in reioising whereof Te Deum was soong, and great fiers made
+through the citie of London.
+
+[Sidenote: 1502.]
+
+[Sidenote: Prince Arthur is sent into Wales.]
+
+These things being accomplished, the ambassadors as well of Spaine as
+Scotland tooke their leaue of the king, & not without great rewards
+returned into their countries. When the ambassadors were departed, he
+sent his sonne prince Arthur againe into Wales, to keepe that countrie
+in good order; appointing to him wise and expert councellors, as sir
+Richard Poole his kinsman, which was his chiefe chamberleine, also
+sir Henrie Vernon, sir Richard Crofts, sir Dauid Philip, sir William
+Wall, sir Thomas Englefield, sir Peter Newton knights; Iohn Walleston,
+Henrie Marton, & doctor William Smith, president of his councell, and
+doctor Charles; of the which two doctors, the one was after bishop of
+Lincolne, and the other bishop of Hereford.
+
+[Sidenote: _Iohn Stow, pag. 874, 875._]
+
+[Sidenote: The maiors feast first kept at Guildhall.]
+
+[Sidenote: Woollen cloth of two shillings the brode yard.]
+
+[Sidenote: Dikes of L[=o]don clensed.]
+
+[Sidenote: Men brought from the new found islands.]
+
+¶ This yeare Iohn Shaw (who was maior of London) caused his brethren
+the aldermen men to ride from the Guildhall vnto the water side, when
+he went to Westminster to be presented in the excheker. He also caused
+the kitchens and other houses of office to be bullded at the Guildhall,
+where since that time the maiors feasts haue beene kept, which before
+had beene in the grosers or tailors hall. About Easter, all the Greie
+friers in England changed their habit, for whereas of long time before
+they had vsed to weare browne russet of foure shillings, six shillings,
+and eight shillings the yard; now they were compelled to weare russet
+of two shillings the yard and not aboue, which was brought to passe by
+the Friers of Greenewich. This yeare, the dike called Turnemill brooke,
+with all the course of Fleet dike, were so scowred downe to the Thames,
+that boates with fish and fewell were rowed vp to Holborne bridge, as
+they of old time had beene accustomed: which was a great commoditie to
+all the inhabitants in that part of London. Also the tower neere to the
+Blacke friers was taken downe by the commandement of the maior. Also
+this yeare were brought vnto the king three men taken in the new found
+ilands, by Sebastian Gabato, before named in Anno 1498. These men were
+clothed in beasts skins, and eat raw flesh, but spake such a language
+as no man could vnderstand them, of the which three men, two of them
+were seene in the kings court at Westminster two yeares after, clothed
+like Englishmen, and could not be discerned from Englishmen.
+
+[Sidenote: Edmund erle of Suffolke flieth into Flanders.]
+
+A few moneths before the mariage of prince Arthur, Edmund de la Poole
+earle of Suffolke, sonne to Iohn duke of Suffolke, and ladie Elizabeth
+sister to king Edward the fourth, being bold and rash withall, was
+indicted of murther, for sleaing of a meane person in his rage & furie.
+And although the king pardoned him whome he might iustlie haue put to
+death for that offense; yet bicause he was brought to the barre before
+the kings Bench, and arraigned (which fact he tooke as a great blemish
+to his honour) shortlie after vpon that displeasure he fled into
+Flanders vnto his aunt the ladie Margaret, the king not being priuie
+to his going ouer. Neuerthelesse, whether he was persuaded by his
+freends therevnto, whom the king had willed to deale with him therein;
+or whether vpon trust of his innocencie: true it is that he returned
+againe, and excused himselfe to the king, so that he thought him to be
+giltlesse of anie crime that might be obiected against him.
+
+[Sidenote: The discontented mind of the earle of Suffolke.]
+
+But when the mariage betwixt the prince & the ladie Katharine of
+Spaine was kept at London, this erle either for that he had passed his
+compasse in excessiue charges and sumptuousnesse at that great triumph
+and solemnitie, and by reason thereof was farre run into debt; either
+else through the procurement of his aunt the foresaid ladie Margaret;
+or pricked with some priuie enuie, which could not patientlie with open
+eies behold king Henrie (being of the aduerse faction to his linage) so
+long to reigne in wealth and felicitie: in conclusion with his brother
+Richard fled againe into Flanders. This departure of the earle sore
+vexed the king, doubting, of some new trouble to insue thereof.
+
+[Sidenote: The kings woonted policie now againe practised.]
+
+But yet to vnderstand the full meaning of the said earle, the king vsed
+his old fetch: for immediatlie after the earle was fled, he appointed
+sir Robert Curson, whome he had aduanced to the order of knighthood,
+and made capteine of Hammes castell, a valiant man and a circumspect,
+to dissemble himselfe one of that conspiracie; who went into Flanders,
+to espie what was doone there by the ladie Margaret, and hir nephue the
+earle of Suffolke. After that the said sir Robert Curson was thus gone
+into Flanders, the king, to put him out of all suspicion with the said
+ladie Margaret and the earle, caused the said earle, and sir Robert
+Curson, and fiue persons more to be accurssed at Paules crosse, the
+first sundaie of Nouember, as enimies to him and his realme.
+
+[Sidenote: Tirrell and Windham beheaded.]
+
+To be breefe, the king by his meanes, and other such diligent
+inquisition as he made, tried out such as he suspected, partlie to be
+deuisers of mischeefe against him, and partlie to beare no sincere
+affection towards his person, so that he could readilie name them:
+whereof a great part were within few daies apprehended and taken. And
+amongst them William lord Courtneie, sonne to the earle of Deuonshire,
+which maried the ladie Katharine, daughter to king Edward the fourth;
+lord William de la Poole, brother to the foresaid earle of Suffolke,
+sir Iames Tirrell, and sir Iohn Windham. Both the Williams were
+rather taken of suspicion, bicause they were so neere of kin to the
+conspirator, than for anie prooued matter. But sir Iames Tirrell and
+Iohn Windham, bicause they were traitors, and so attainted, the sixt
+daie of Maie after their apprehension, they were on the Tower hill
+beheaded.
+
+When the earle of Suffolke heard what fortune thus happened to his
+freends, as one in vtter despaire to haue anie good successe in his
+pretensed enterprise, wandred about all Germanic and France, to
+purchase some aid and succour, if by anie means he might. But when he
+perceiued no stedfast ground to catch anchor hold vpon, he submitted
+himselfe vnder the protection of Philip archduke of Austrich. But his
+brother Richard, being a politike man, so wiselie ordered himselfe in
+this stormie tempest, that he was not intrapped either with net or
+snare. The king not yet out of all doubt of ciuill sedition, bicause a
+great number of euill disposed persons partakers of this conspiracie,
+were fled into sundrie sanctuaries, deuised to haue all the gates of
+sanctuaries and places priuileged shut and locked vp, so that none
+should issue out from thence to perturbe and disquiet him.
+
+[Sidenote: Sanctuaries restrained.]
+
+And for that intent he wrote vnto pope Alexander, desiring him by his
+authoritie to adiudge all Englishmen, being fled to sanctuarie for the
+offense of treason as enimies to the christian faith, interdicting and
+prohibiting the refuge and priuilege of sanctuarie to all such, as once
+had enioied the libertie and protection of the same, and after that
+fled out, and eftsoones returned againe. Which thing after that the
+pope had granted, turned to the great quietnesse of the king and his
+realme. For manie that had offended, for feare to fall into danger,
+returned to the due subiection of their prince; and other that were yet
+free from perill, durst not hazard themselues so boldlie as they durst
+haue doone before, vpon hope of such starting holes.
+
+[Sidenote: The death of Arthur prince of Wales.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Edw. Hall in Hen. 7 fol._ lv.]
+
+When the king had thus setled things to his owne contentation and
+pleasure, there suddenlie happened to him a lamentable chance. For that
+noble prince Arthur, the kings first begotten sonne, after he had beene
+maried to the ladie Katharine his wife, the space of fiue moneths,
+departed out of this transitorie life, in his castell of Ludlow and
+with great funerall obsequie was buried in the cathedrall church of
+Worcester. His brother the duke of Yorke was staied from the title of
+Prince by the space of a moneth, till to women it might appeare whether
+the ladie Katharine wife to the said prince Arthur was conceiued with
+child or not. [It is reported that this ladie Katharine thought and
+feared such dolorous chance to come: for when she had imbraced hir
+father, and taken hir leaue of hir noble and prudent mother, and sailed
+towards England, she was continuallie so tossed and tumbled hither and
+thither with boisterous winds, that what for the rage of the water, and
+contrarietie of the winds, hir ship was prohibited diuerse times to
+approach the shore and take land.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 18.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1503.]
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie the seauenths chapell at Westminster first
+builded.]
+
+In this eighteenth yeare, the twentie fourth daie of Ianuarie, a
+quarter of an houre before three of the clocke at after noone of the
+same daie, the first stone of our ladie chapell within the monasterie
+of Westminster was laid, by the hands of Iohn Islip abbat of the same
+monasterie, sir Reginald Braie knight of the garter, doctor Barnes
+maister of the rolles, doctor Wall chapleine to the kings maiestie,
+maister Hugh Oldham chapleine to the countesse of Derbie and Richmond
+the kings mother, sir Edmund Stanhope knight, and diuerse others. Vpon
+the same stone was this scripture ingrauen: Illustrissimus Henricus
+septimus rex Angliae & Franciae, & dominus Hiberniae, posuit hanc petram
+in honore beatae virginis Mariae, 24 die Ianuarij; anno Domini 1502. Et
+anno dicti regis Henrici septimi, decimo octauo. The charges whereof
+amounted (as some report, vpon credible information as they saie) to
+foureteene thousand pounds.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 876._]
+
+[Sidenote: Six kings of England brethren with the tailors companie in
+London, before they were intituled merchant tailors.]
+
+[Sidenote: Prior of Shene murthered.]
+
+[Sidenote: A drie summer.]
+
+Queene Elizabeth lieng within the Tower of London, was brought a bed of
+a faire daughter on Candlemasse daie, which was there christened and
+named Katharine; and the eleuenth of the same moneth the said queene
+there deceased, and was buried at Westminster, whose daughter also
+liued but a small season after hir mother. [King Henrie the seauenth
+being himselfe a brother of the tailors companie in London, as diuerse
+other his predecessors kings before him had beene (to weet Richard the
+third, Edward the fourth, Henrie the sixt, Henrie the fift, Henrie the
+fourth, and Richard the second; also of dukes eleuen, earles eight and
+twentie, and lords eight and fortie) he now gaue to them the name and
+title of merchant tailors, as a name of worship to indure for euer.
+This yeare, about the later end of March, the prior of the Charterhouse
+of Shene was murthered in a cell of his owne house, by meanes of one
+Goodwine, a monke of the same cloister, and his adherents artificers of
+London. A drie summer, hauing no notable raine from Whitsuntide to the
+later ladie daie in haruest.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Reginald Braie his death.]
+
+[Sidenote: Iust comendations of Morton archbishop of Canturburie and
+sir Reginald Braie.]
+
+The eighteenth of Februarie, the king at his palace of Westminster
+created his onelie sonne Henrie prince of Wales, earle of Chester,
+&c: who afterward succeeded his father in possession of the regall
+crowne of this realme. Moreouer, this yeare also, after the deceass
+of that noble queene, for hir vertue commonlie called good queene
+Elizabeth, departed out of this world also sir Reginald Braie knight
+of the garter, a verie father of his countrie, for his high wisedome
+and singular loue to justice well worthie to beare that title. If
+anie thing had beene doone amisse contrarie to law and equitie, he
+would after an humble sort plainelie blame the king, and giue him good
+aduertisement, that he should not onelie reforme the same, but also be
+more circumspect in anie any other the like case. Of the same vertue
+and faithfull plainnesse was Iohn Morton archbishop of Canturburie,
+which died (as is shewed aboue) two yeares before.
+
+[Sidenote: Cassimire ambassadour from the emperour Maximilian.]
+
+So these two persons were refrainers of the kings vnbrideled libertie;
+whereas the common people (ignorant altogither of the truth in such
+matters) iudged and reported, that the counsell of those two worthie
+personages corrupted the kings cleane and immaculate conscience,
+contrarie to his princelie disposition and naturall inclination;
+such is euer the errour of the common people. ¶ About this time died
+Henrie the archbishop of Canturburie, whose roome doctor William
+Warram bishop of London supplied. And to the see of London William
+Barnes was appointed, and after his death succeeded one Richard Fitz
+Iames. This yeare also the lord Cassimire marquesse of Brandenburgh,
+accompanied with an earle, a bishop, and a great number of gentlemen
+well apparrelled, came in ambassage from the emperor Maximilian, and
+were triumphantlie receiued into London, and lodged at Crosbies place.
+
+Their message was for three causes, one to comfort the king in his time
+of heauinesse for the losse of his wife. The second for the renewing
+of amitie, and the old league. The third (which was not apparant)
+was to mooue the king to marie the emperours daughter, the ladie
+Margaret, duchesse Dowager of Sauoie. The two first tooke effect: for
+the king vpon Passion sundaie road to Paules in great triumph, the
+said marquesse riding on his left hand. And there the bishop made to
+the king an excellent consolatorie oration concerning the death of
+the queene. And there also the king openlie sware to keepe the new
+reuiued league and amitie during their two liues. But the third request
+(whether the let was on the mans side, or on the womans) neuer sorted
+to anie conclusion.
+
+[Sidenote: The sumptuous araie of the earle of Northumberland.]
+
+The ladie Margaret the kings daughter, affied (as yee haue heard) to
+the king of Scots, was appointed to be conueied into Scotland, by
+the earle of Surrie: and the earle of Northumberland, as warden of
+the marches, was commanded to deliuer hir at the confines of both
+the realmes. And so heerevpon, after hir comming to Berwike, she was
+conueied to Lamberton kirke in Scotland, where the king of Scots, with
+the flower of all the nobles and gentlemen of Scotland, was readie to
+receiue hir: to whome the earle of Northumberland (according to his
+commission) deliuered hir. The said earle of Northumberland that daie,
+what for the riches of his coat being goldsmithes worke, garnished with
+pearle and stone, and what for the gallant apparell of his Henchmen,
+and braue trappers of his horsse, beside foure hundred tall men well
+horssed and apparelled in his colours, was esteemed both of the Scots
+and Englishmen more like a prince than a subiect.
+
+[Sidenote: The mariage betweene the K. of Scots & ladie Margaret king
+Henries eldest daughter.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 19.]
+
+From Lamberton, the foresaid ladie was conueied to Edenburgh, and
+there the daie after, king Iames the fourth, in the presence of all
+his nobilitie espoused hir, and feasted the English lords, and shewed
+iusts and other pastimes verie honourable, after the fashion of that
+countrie. And after all things were finished according to their
+commission, the erle of Surrie with all the English lords and ladies
+returned into their countrie. In this yeare the king kept his high
+court of parlement, in the which diuerse acts esteemed necessarie for
+the preseruation of the common-wealth were established: and amongst
+other, it was enacted, that theeues and murtherers duelie conuicted by
+the law to die, and yet saued by their books, should be committed to
+the bishops custodie. After this, a subsidie was granted, both of the
+temporaltie, and spiritualtie, and so that parlement ended.
+
+[Sidenote: The king couetous in his old age.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1504.]
+
+[Sidenote: Richard Empson & Edmund Dudleie.]
+
+But the king now drawing into age, and willing to fill his chest with
+abundance of treasure, was not satisfied with this onelie subsidie,
+but deuised an other meane how to inrich himselfe, as thus. He
+considered that the Englishmen little regarded the keeping of penall
+lawes, and pecuniall statutes, deuised for the good preseruation of
+the common-wealth. Whereof he caused inquisition to be made of those
+that has transgressed anie of the same lawes, so that there were but
+few noble men, merchants, farmers, husbandmen, grasiers, or occupiers,
+that could cleerlie prooue themseiues faultlesse, but had offended in
+some one or other of the same lawes. At the first, they that were found
+giltie were easilie fined. But after, there were appointed two maisters
+and surueiors of his forfeits, the one sir Richard Empson, and the
+other Edmund Dudleie.
+
+[Sidenote: Promoters.]
+
+These two were learned in the lawes of the realme, who meaning to
+satisfie their princes pleasure, and to see their commission executed
+to the vttermost, seemed little to respect the perill that might insue.
+Wherevpon they being furnished with a sort of accusers, commonlie
+called promoters, or (as they themselues will be named) informers,
+troubled manie a man, whereby they wan them great hatred, and the king
+(by such rigorous proceedings) lost the loue and fauour which the
+people before time had borne towards him; so that he for setting them
+a worke, and they for executing of it in such extreame wise, ran into
+obloquie with the subiects of this realme.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 876._]
+
+[Sidenote: Sergeants feast whereat were the king and all his nobles at
+dinner.]
+
+[Sidenote: Fire on London bridge.]
+
+[Sidenote: Fire.]
+
+[Sidenote: Parlement.]
+
+¶ On the thirteenth of Nouember was holden within the palace of the
+archbishop of Canturburie, at Lambeth, the sergeants feast, where dined
+the king and all his nobles. And vpon the same day, Thomas Granger,
+newlie chosen shiriffe of London was presented before the barons of
+the kings exchequer, there to take his oth, and after went with the
+maior vnto the same feast, which saued him monie in his pursse; for
+if that day that feast had not beene kept, he must haue feasted the
+maior, aldermen, and others, woorshipfull of the citie. This feast was
+kept at the charge of ten learned men, newlie admitted to bee sergeants
+to the kings law, whose names were, Robert Bridnell, William Greuill,
+Thomas Marow, George Edgore, Iohn Moore, Iohn Cutler, Thomas Eliot,
+Lewes Pollard, Guie Palmis, William Fairefax. On the one and twentith
+of Nouember at night, began a perillous fier at the signe of the panier
+vpon London bridge, neere to saint Magnus church; where six tenements
+were burned yer the same could be quenched. On the seuenth of Ianuarie,
+were certeine houses consumed with fire against saint Butolphes
+church in Thames street. On the fiue and twentith of Ianuarie began a
+parlement at Westminster, of which was chosen speaker for the commons,
+maister Edmund Dudleie.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 20.]
+
+[Sidenote: Alum deere.]
+
+[Sidenote: Cages and stockes ordeined.]
+
+[Sidenote: Hunsditch paued.]
+
+[Sidenote: Prisoners of the Marshalseie brake out.]
+
+A new coine of siluer was ordeined of grotes and halfe grotes, which
+bare but halfe faces; and some peeces of the value of twelue pense
+were then stamped, though very few of that sort came abroad. In this
+yeare, alum, which manie yeares had bene sold for six shillings an
+hundred, and lower, arose to fiue nobles an hundred, and after to foure
+marks, &c. Sir William Capell, who for this yeare was maior, caused in
+euerie ward of London a cage with a paire of stocks, therein to punish
+vagabunds. Also he caused all Hunsditch to be ouerpaued, which manie
+yeares before lay full noiouslie and perillouslie for all trauellers
+that way. About Christmasse, the more part of the prisoners of the
+Marshalseie in Southwarke brake out, and manie of them being shortlie
+after taken, were put to execution, speciallie those which had laine
+for felonie or treason. On the fifteenth of Aprill, a monie maker, one
+of the coiners of the Tower, was drawne to Tiburne and there hanged.
+
+[Sidenote: _Iohn Hooker, alias Vowell._]
+
+[Sidenote: A beneuolence put into the kings head to be leuied ouer the
+whole land.]
+
+¶ In this twentith yeare (saith one of Excester) the king (hauing some
+need of monie) was by his councell aduised (by way, of beneuolence) to
+leuie the same vpon the whole realme, as well of the cleargie as of the
+laitie. And for the same, commissioners were assigned accordinglie.
+For the cleargie, Richard Fox, sometime bishop of Excester, but now of
+Winchester, a verie wise, graue, and trustie councellor, was appointed
+chiefe commissioner, and had the chiefest dealing therein. He at daies
+and times appointed, assembled the cleargie before him, and (according
+to the trust committed vnto him) he persuaded them by all the meanes
+he could, to be liberall contributors to the king, considering his
+present need, and who (for their causes, & the safetie of all the
+common-wealth) was now to vse and imploie some monie.
+
+[Sidenote: The cleargie of two sorts, and both desirous to spare their
+pursses.]
+
+The cleargie was of two sorts, the one shewing themselues as they were
+wealthie, seemelie, & comelie; the other pretending that which was not,
+pouertie, barenesse, and scarsitie: but both were of one mind, and
+deuised all the waies they could to saue their pursses. The first being
+called, alledged that they were dailie at great charges and expenses
+in keeping of hospitalitie, in mainteining themselues, their house and
+familie; besides extraordinaries which dailie did grow and increase
+vpon them: and by that meanes they were but bare and poore, and praied
+that they might be borne withall, and pardoned for that time.
+
+[Sidenote: The wisdome of bishop Fox in procuring these cleargie men to
+be contributors to this beneuolence.]
+
+The other sort alledged, that their liuings were but small and slender,
+and scarse able to mainteine themselues withall, which compelled them
+to go bare, and to liue a hard and a poore life, and therefore (they
+hauing nothing) praied that they might be excused. The bishop when he
+had heard them at full, and well considered thereof, verie wittilie,
+and with a prettie dilemma answered them both, saieng to the first:
+"It is true, you are at great charges, and are well beseene in your
+apparell, well mounted vpon your faire palfreies, and haue your men
+waiting vpon you in good order; your hospitalitie is good, and your
+dailie expenses are large, and you are for the same well reported
+amongst your neighbours; all which are plaine demonstrations of your
+wealth and abilitie, otherwise you would not be at such voluntarie
+charges.
+
+[Sidenote: They are persuaded to contribute.]
+
+"Now hauing store to spend in such order, there is no reason, but that
+to your prince you should much more be well willing & readie to yeeld
+your selues contributorie and dutifull, and therefore you must paie."
+To the other sort he said: "Albeit your liuings be not of the best, yet
+good, sufficient, and able to mainteine you in better estate than you
+doo imploie it; but it appeareth that you are frugall and thriftie men;
+and what others doo voluntarilie spend in apparell, house, and familie,
+you warilie doo keepe, and haue it to lie by you; and therefore it is
+good reason that of your store you should spare with a good will and
+contribute to your prince; wherefore be contented, for you shall paie."
+And so by this prettie dilemma he reduced them to yeeld a good paiment
+to the king.
+
+[Sidenote: 1505.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex. I. S. pag. 878._]
+
+[Sidenote: Conduit at Bishops gate builded.]
+
+[Sidenote: Richmond on fire.]
+
+The king after he had gotten a great masse of monie togither, hauing
+pitie on the people, which oppressed with the sharpe proceedings of
+his greedie officers, cried daily to God for vengeance, ment to haue
+depriued them of their offices (as some write) & that suph monie as
+had beene violentlie exacted, should haue beene restored and deliuered
+againe, if he had not bene preuented by death. And yet by his last
+will he commanded that it should be dulie and trulie performed, but in
+the meane season many mens coffers were emptied. [¶ Thomas Kneisworth
+maior of London for this yeare, of his owne goods, builded the conduit
+at Bishopsgate. He gaue to the fishmongers certeine tenements, for
+the which they be bound to find foure scholers that studie art; two
+at Oxford, and two at Cambridge, euerie of them foure pounds the
+yeare. They be bound also to giue to twelue aged poore people of their
+companie, to euerie one of them at Bartholomew tide a winter garment
+for euer. Also to giue to the prisoners of Ludgate and Newgate euerie
+yeare fortie shillings, &c. The first of Ianuarie in the night, the
+kings chamber was fired at Richmond, the which might not be quenched,
+till manie curteins, carpets, rich beds, and much stuffe was consumed.
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 21.]
+
+[Sidenote: 1506.]
+
+[Sidenote: Philip archduke of Austrich landeth in the west parts of
+England.]
+
+In this verie season, and the yeare of our Lord 1506, Elizabeth queene
+of Castile died without issue male, by reason whereof the inheritance
+of Castile (bicause that kingdome is not partible) descended to ladie
+Iane hir eldest daughter by king Ferdinando, the which was maried to
+Philip archduke of Austrich. Wherefore the yeare following, about the
+sixt day of Ianuarie, hauing a great nauie prepared, he intituled now
+king of Castile, sailed out of Flanders with his wife towards Spaine;
+but by a mightie tempest of wind and foule weather, the whole nauie
+was dispersed and sparkled abroad in diuerse places on the coasts of
+England. The kings ship with two other vessels were blowne by tempest
+on the west part of the realme, to the port of Weimouth in Dorsetshire.
+The king being wearied with the tossing of the seas, as one not
+accustomed thereto, contrarie to the mind of his councellors, came on
+land to refresh himselfe.
+
+When it was knowne that strange ships were arriued in that place, there
+came thither a great number, as well of gentlemen as commons of the
+countrie, to beat them backe if they prooued to be enimies. But when
+they perceiued that the king of Spaine was there driuen on land by
+force of weather, sir Thomas Trenchard knight, cheefe of that companie,
+went with great humblenesse vnto him, and did what he could to haue him
+to his house, being not farre off, and so to cause him to stay, till
+such time as king Henrie might be certified of his arriuall; to whome
+with all speed he sent diuerse posts to aduertise him of king Philips
+landing. In this meane while came people in from all sides, vpon
+knowlege of this strange princes comming. And among other there came
+sir Iohn Carew, with a goodlie band of piked men. Which sir Iohn and
+sir Thomas Trenchard intreated the king of Castile not to depart, vntil
+such time as he had spoken with the king.
+
+[Sidenote: The king of Castile interteined honorablie.]
+
+The king of Castile excused him by necessitie of his weightie
+enterprise: but when he perceiued that if he would proffer to go once
+aboord to his ships againe, he might be letted, and was like so to bee;
+hee thought good rather to assent to their humble request and to seeme
+to gratifie them; than by denieng it to procure their euil willes, and
+yet neuer the neer of his purpose. When king Henrie was informed of
+his landing, he was right glad therof, and wrote vnto sir Iohn Carew,
+and to sir Thomas Trenchard, that they should interteine him in the
+most honorable sort they could deuise, till he might come himselfe in
+person to welcome him. Beside this, he sent the earle of Arundell with
+manie lords and knights to attend vpon him. Which earle (according to
+the kings letters) receiued him with three hundred horsses, all by
+torchlight, to the great admiration of the strangers.
+
+King Philip seeing no remedie but that he must needs tarie, would no
+longer gaze after king Henries comming, but tooke his iournie toward
+Windsore castell, where the king laie: and fiue miles from Windsore the
+prince of Wales, accompanied with fiue earles, and diuerse lords and
+knights, and other to the number of fiue hundred persons gorgiouslie
+apparelled, receiued him after the most honorable fashion. And within
+halfe a mile of Windsore, the king, accompanied with the duke of
+Buckingham, and a great part of the nobilitie of this realme, welcomed
+him, & so conueied him to the castell of Windsore, where he was made
+companion of the noble order of the garter. After him came to Windsore
+his wife queene Iane, sister to the princesse Dowager, late wife to
+prince Arthur.
+
+[Sidenote: King Henrie desireth to haue Edmund de la Poole earle of
+Suffolke deliuered into his hands.]
+
+After the two kings had renewed & confirmed the league and amitie
+betwixt them, king Henrie desired to haue Edmund de la Poole earle of
+Suffolke to be deliuered into his hands. To whome the king of Castile
+answered that he verelie was not within his dominion: and therefore it
+laie not in him to deliuer him. In deed he was loth to be the author
+of his death that came to him for succour, and was receiued vnder
+his protection: yet vpon the earnest request and assured promise of
+king Henrie (that he would pardon him of all executions and paines of
+death) he granted to king Henries desire; and so incontinentlie caused
+the said earle secretlie to be sent for. After this, to protract time
+till he were possessed of his preie, king Henrie conueied the king of
+Castile vnto the citie of London, that he might see the head citie of
+his realme.
+
+[Sidenote: The king of Castiles vow inuiolablie kept.]
+
+Then he led him from Bainards castell by Cheape to Barking; and so
+returned by Watling street againe: during which time there was shot out
+of the Tower a woonderfull peale of ordinance. But he would not enter
+into the Tower, bicause (as ye haue heard before) he had aduowed not
+to enter the fortresse of anie forren prince, in the which a garrison
+was mainteined. From London the king brought him to Richmond, where
+manie notable feates of armes were prooued both of tilt, turnie, and
+barriers. In the meane season the erle of Suffolke, perceiuing what
+hope was to be had in forreine princes, and trusting that after his
+life to him once granted, king Henrie would breeflie set him at his
+full libertie, was in maner contented to returne againe into his natiue
+countrie.
+
+[Sidenote: The death & description of Philip king of Spaine.]
+
+When all pacts and couenants betweene the kings of England and
+Castile were appointed, concluded, and agreed; king Philip tooke his
+leaue of king Henrie, yeelding to him most heartie thanks for his
+high cheere and princelie interteinement. And being accompanied with
+diuers lords of England, he came to the citie of Excester, and so to
+Falmouth in Cornewall, and there taking ship sailed into Spaine, where
+shortlie after he died being thirtie yeares of age. He was of stature
+conuenient, of countenance amiable, of bodie somewhat grosse, quicke
+witted, bold and hardie stomached. The tempest that he suffered on the
+sea was huge, and woonderfull also vpon the land, insomuch that the
+violence of the wind blew downe an eagle of brasse, being set to shew
+on which part the wind blew, from a pinacle or spire of Paules church,
+and in the falling, the same eagle brake and battered an other eagle
+that was set vp for a signe at a tauerne doore in Cheapeside.
+
+[Sidenote: Prodigious tokens or accidents haue their issue in truth.]
+
+[Sidenote: See pag. 264.]
+
+Herevpon men that were giuen to gesse things that should happen by
+marking of strange tokens, deemed that the emperour Maximilian, which
+gaue the eagle, should suffer some great misfortune: as he did shortlie
+after by the losse of his sonne, the said king Philip. ¶ And suerlie
+these prodigious accidents are not to be omitted as matter of course;
+for they haue their weight, and shew their truth in the issue. Examples
+in this booke be diuerse, among which one is verie memorable, mentioned
+in the thirtie & ninth yeare of Henrie the sixt. At what time the
+duke of Yorke making an oration to the lords of the parlement, for
+the iustifieng of his title to the crowne, it chanced that a crowne
+which hoong in the middle of the nether house (to garnish a branch to
+set lights vpon) without touch of man or blast of wind suddenlie fell
+downe. About which season also fell downe the crowne which stood on the
+top of Douer castell. Which things were construed to be signes that the
+crowne of the realme should some waie haue a fall; and so it came to
+passe.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Flem. ex. Guic. pag. 40._]
+
+[Sidenote: Three sunnes seene at once in the night.]
+
+And bicause the euents of these foreshewes had their truth, as manie
+more of the like nature; it shall not be amisse here to ad (by waie of
+digression) what hath beene obserued in former ages by forren writers
+in and about such foretokens. The consent of the heauens and of men,
+pronounced to Italie their calamities to come: for that such as made
+profession to haue iudgement either by science or diuine inspiration
+in the things to come, assured with one voice that there were in
+preparing, both more great mutations and more strange and horrible
+accidents, than for manie worlds before had beene discerned in anie
+part or circuit of the earth. There were seene in the night in Pouille
+three suns in the middest of the firmament, but manie clouds about
+them, with right fearefull thunders and lightnings. In the territorie
+of Aretze, were visiblie seene passing in the aire, infinit numbers
+of armed men vpon mightie horsses, with a terrible noise of drums and
+trumpets. The images & figures of saints did sweat in manie parts of
+Italie.
+
+In euerie place of the countrie were brought foorth manie monsters of
+men and other creatures, with manie other things against the order of
+nature concurring all at one time, but in diuerse places: by means
+wherof the people were caried into incredible feares, being alreadie
+amazed with the brute of the French powers & furie of that nation, with
+which (according to the testimonie of histories) they had aforetime
+run ouer all Italie, sacked and made desolate with fire and sword the
+citie of Rome, and subdued in Asia manie prouinces; and generallie no
+part of the world which had not felt the vertue of their armes. But
+albeit these iudgements are oftentimes fallible, and rather coniectures
+vncerteine, than effects happening: yet the accidents that drew on,
+brought to them, in the spirits of fraile men, an absolute faith,
+credit, & religion. So that there is in foreshewes matter of moment
+worthie to be obserued, howsoeuer the world lulled asleep in the lap
+of securitie is touched with no feare of change. But alas the Heathen
+could see the contrarie, and therefore said:
+
+[Sidenote: _Manil. lib. Astr. 1._]
+
+    Omnia mortali mutantur lege creata,
+    Nec se cognoscunt terrae veteribus annis
+    Exutas variam faciem per secula gentes.]
+
+But to returne to our owne storie. Shortlie after the departing of king
+Philip, the king of England began to suspect sir George Neuill lord
+of Aburgauenie, and sir Thomas Greene of Greenes Norton, as partakers
+in the beginning of the conspiracie with the earle of Suffolke; and
+so vpon that suspicion they were commanded to the Tower. But shortlie
+after, when they had beene tried and purged of that suspicion, he
+commanded them both to be set at libertie. But sir Thomas Greene fell
+sicke before, and remained in the Tower, in hope to be restored to his
+health as well as to his libertie, but by death he was preuented. [And
+here bicause it is good to see the consent of histories in the report
+of accidents, it shall not be amisse to repeat the entier relation of
+a late writer stranger touching this casualtie which befell to king
+Philip, in such sort to be cast vpon the English coasts; as also the
+promise of the said king to deliuer the duke of Suffolke into the hands
+of king Henrie, with the cause (as it is supposed) why the king desired
+to haue him within his owne reach.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex. Guic. pag. 353._]
+
+[Sidenote: King Philip saileth out of Flanders into Spaine.]
+
+[Sidenote: King Philip cast by casualtie of sea vpon the coasts of
+England.]
+
+¶ King Philip was imbarked to saile out of Flanders into Spaine with
+a great armie by sea; and to reduce his going to a more facilitie
+and safetie (for he feared least his father in law by the aid of the
+French would hinder his passage) he practised the Spanish subtilties,
+and agreed with him to leaue vnto him the managing and policie of the
+most part of affaires, and that they shuld take in common the title
+of king of Spaine, according to the example in the queenes time: and
+lastlie, that the revenues and tributes should be diuided in an order
+certeine & indifferent. By reason of which accord, his father in law,
+notwithstanding he was not assured of the obseruation, sent him into
+Flanders manie ships to furnish his voiage: with the which, hauing
+imbarked his wife, and Ferdinand his second sonne, he tooke his course
+into Spaine with forward winds, which, within two daies turning cleane
+contrarie, after his nauie had runne a dangerous fortune, and made a
+wearie resistance against the furie of the sea, his ships were cast
+vpon sundrie coasts of England and Britaine; his owne person with two
+or three ships being driuen with manifest perill vpon England into the
+hauen of Southampton.
+
+[Sidenote: Philip promiseth to redeliuer to K. Henrie the duke of
+Suffolke.]
+
+Whereof Henrie the seuenth then king of that nation being aduertised,
+sent to him with speed manie barons to doo him honour, and desire him
+to come to his court, then at London: a request which Philip could not
+denie, the king of Englands demand beeing no lesse honourable, than his
+owne estate full of necessitie and nakednesse. He remained in the court
+of England, vntill all his nauie was reassembled, and eftsoones rigged,
+making in the meane while betweene them new capitulations: wherein
+albeit Philip in all other things held himselfe vsed as a king, yet in
+this one thing complained, that he was constreined as a prisoner, to
+consent to redeliuer to K. Henries hands the duke of Suffolke, whom
+he held prisoner within the castell of Namur, and whom the king of
+England desired much to haue in his power, for that he quarrelled the
+title of the crowne, pretending the right of the kingdome to apperteine
+to him: onelie the king of England assured Philip by the faith and
+word of a king, that he would not put him to death. Which he did as
+iustlie performe, as he had honorablie promised, keeping him in prison
+so long as he liued, and afterwards was beheaded vnder the reigne and
+commandement of his sonne.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 22.]
+
+[Sidenote: The sweting sicknesse eftsoones returneth.]
+
+This yeare the king began to be diseased of a certeine infirmitie,
+which thrise euerie yeare, but specially in the springtime sore vexed
+him. And bicause for the most part the harme that chanceth to the
+prince, is parted with his subiects, the sweating sicknesse, which
+(as ye haue heard in the first yeare of the king) first afflicted the
+people of this realme, now assailed them againe; howbeit by the remedie
+found at the beginning of it, nothing the like number died thereof now
+this second time, as did at the first time till the said remedie was
+inuented. But now the third plage equall to the pestilence insued, by
+the working of the maisters of the forfeitures, and such informers as
+were appointed thereto. By whose meanes manie a rich & wealthie person
+by the extremitie of the lawes of the realme were condemned and brought
+to great losse and hinderance.
+
+A great part of which their vndooings proceeded by the inconuenience
+of such vnconscionable officers, as by the abuse of exigents outlawed
+those that neuer heard, nor had knowledge of the sutes commensed
+against them, of which hard and sharpe dealing (the harme that thereof
+insueth considered) if the occasion might be taken awaie by some other
+more reasonable forme and order of law deuised, whereby the parties
+might haue personall warning, it would both preserue manie an innocent
+man. from vndeserued vexation, and danger of vnmercifull losse of
+goods; and also redound highlie to the commendation of the prince, and
+such other as chanced to be reformers of that colourable law, where
+they be called onelie in the counties without other knowledge giuen to
+them or theirs at their dwelling houses.
+
+[Sidenote: _Ed. Hall in Hen. 7 fol. 59._]
+
+But now to returne. Such maner of outlawies, old recognisances of the
+peace, and good abearings, escapes, riots, & innumerable statutes
+penall, were put in execution, and called vpon by Empson and Dudleie;
+so that euerie man, both the spiritualtie and temporaltie, hauing
+either lands or substance, were inuited to that plucking banket.
+For these two rauening woolues had a gard of false periured persons
+apperteining to them, which were impanelled in euerie quest. Learned
+men in the law, when they were required of their aduise, would say;
+To agree is the best counsell that I can giue you. By this vndue
+meanes, these couetous persons filled the kings coffers, and inriched
+themselues. And at this vnreasonable and extort dooing, noble men
+grudged, meane men kicked, poore men lamented, preachers openlie at
+Poules crosse and other places exclamed, rebuked, and detested. Howbeit
+the good king in his last daies conserued and pardoned his poore
+subiects of such vncharitable yokes and ponderous burdens as they were
+laden withall.
+
+[Sidenote: 1507.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex Guic. pag. 314._]
+
+[Sidenote: _Pag. 312._]
+
+Sir Gilbert Talbot knight, and Richard Bere abbat of Glastenburie,
+and doctor Robert Sherborne deane of Poules, were sent as ambassadors
+from the K. to Rome, to declare to Pius the third of that name newlie
+elected pope in place of Alexander the sixt deceased what ioy and
+gladnesse had entered the kings heart for his preferment. But he taried
+not the comming of those ambassadors, for within a moneth after that
+he was installed, he rendered his debt to nature, and so had short
+pleasure of his promotion [not beguiling the hopes which the cardinals
+concerned of him at the time of his creation, the six & twentith day
+after his election, which was in short time to die. This popes name was
+Francis Piccolomini cardinall of Sienna, in whom was no expectation
+of long life, both for his extreame age, and present sickenesse: a
+cardinall sure of vnspotted report, and for his other conditions not
+vnworthie that degree; who to renew the memorie of Pius secundus his
+vncle, tooke vpon him the name of Pius the third.
+
+[Sidenote: _Pag. 307._]
+
+He succeeded Alexander the sixt, who went to supper in a vineyard neere
+the Vatican to reioise in the delight & plesure of the fresh aire, &
+was suddenlie caried for dead to the bishops palace; his sonne also
+communicating in the same accident, but with better fortune. For the
+day folowing, which was the eightenth day of August, the dead corps
+of the pope (according to custome) was borne into the church of saint
+Peter, blacke, swolne, and most deformed; most manifest signes of
+poison. But Valentinois, what by the vigour and strength of his youth,
+and readie helpe of strong medicines and counterpoisons, had his life
+saued, remaining notwithstanding oppressed with long and greeuous
+sickenesse: it was assuredlie beleeued that the accident proceeded of
+poison, the discourse whereof (according to common report) was in this
+sort.
+
+[Sidenote: A practice of custome by poison to an ill purpose vsed.]
+
+The duke Valentinois, who was to be present at that supper, had
+determined to poison Adrian cardinall of Cornette, reseruing that time
+and place to execute his bloudie resolution: for it is most certeine
+that in his father and him were naturall customes to vse poison, not
+onelie to be reuenged of their enimies, or to be assured of suspicions;
+but also vpon a wicked couetousnesse, to despoile rich men of their
+goods, whether they were cardinals or courtiers, although they had
+neuer doone them wrong, as hapned to the cardinall saint Ange, who
+was verie rich. This maner of rage they would vse also against their
+greatest friends & familiars, and such as had bin their most faithfull
+seruants, such as were the cardinals of Capua and Modeno: a recompense
+vnworthie the merits of good men, and not disagreeable to the
+disposition of such a father and sonne, whereof the one made all things
+lawfull by vile dispensation; and with the other nothing was dishonest
+wherein was opportunitie to his purposes. The duke Valentinois sent
+before certeine flagons with wine infected with poison, which he gaue
+to a seruant that knew nothing of the matter, commanding that no person
+should touch them.
+
+[Sidenote: The pope poisoned with the wine that his owne son had sent
+to poison the cardinall of Cornette.]
+
+A commandement preiudiciall to his maister, as the ignorance of the
+seruant was the instrument in the euill that happened both to the
+father and son. Such is the sufferance of God, who in the execution of
+his iudgments raiseth one murtherer to kill another, & breaketh the
+brands of the fire vpon the head of him that first kindled it: for the
+pope comming by aduenture somewhat before supper, and ouercome with
+the drought and immoderate heat of the time, called for drinke. And
+bicause his owne prouision was not yet brought from the palace, he that
+had the infected wine in charge, thinking it to be recommended to his
+keeping for a wine most excellent, gaue the pope to drinke of the same
+wine which Valentinois had sent; who arriuing while his father was
+drinking drunke also of the same wine, being but iust that they both
+should tast of the same cup which they had brued for the destruction of
+others. All the towne of Rome ran with great gladnesse to saint Peters
+about the dead bodie of the pope, their eies not satisfied to see ded
+and destroied a serpent, who with his immoderate ambition and poisoned
+infidelitie, togither with all the horrible examples of crueltie,
+luxurie, and monstruous couetousnesse, selling without distinction both
+holie things and prophane things, had infected the whole world.
+
+And yet was he accompanied with a most rare, & almost perpetuall
+prosperitie euen from his yoong age, to the end of his life; desiring
+alwaies great things, and obtaining most often that he desired. An
+example of much importance, to confound the arrogancie of those men,
+who presuming to know and see perfectlie with humane eies the depth
+of Gods iudgemehts, doo assure, that what happeneth either good or
+ill to mortall men, proceedeth either of their merits or faults: as
+though we saw not dailie manie good men vniustlie tormented, & wicked
+persons aboue their diseruings liue in ease and honour: wherein who
+makes an other interpretation, derogates the iustice and power of
+God, the greatnesse of which being not to be conteined within any
+scripts or tearms present, knoweth how well and largely to discerne
+in an other time and place the iust from the vniust, and that with
+rewards and eternall punishments. In the meane time he powreth out his
+vengeance vpon the imaginers of mischeefe in this life; so prouiding,
+as that they are caught in their owne snares, and ouertaken with such
+destruction as they had prepared for others, according to that saieng
+of the Psalmist:
+
+[Sidenote: _Rob. Hess. & G. Buch. in Psal. 7._]
+
+    Effodit puteum, foueamque eduxit ab imo,
+      Et miser in latebras incidit ipse suas.
+        In verticem ipsius recurrit
+        Pernicies, reciduntque fraudes.]
+
+[Sidenote: The lord Daubenie dieth.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 23.]
+
+[Sidenote: Guidebald duke of Urbine in Italie made knight of the
+garter.]
+
+At the same time died Giles lord Daubeneie the kings cheefe
+chamberleine, whose office Charles, bastard sonne to Henrie last
+duke of Summerset occupied and enioied; a man of good wit, and great
+experience. Soone after, the king caused Guidebald duke of Urbine to be
+elected knight of the order of the garter, in like maner as his father
+duke Frederike had beene before him, which was chosen and admitted into
+the order by king Edward the fourth. Sir Gilbert Talbot, and the other
+two ambassadors being appointed to keepe on their iournie vnto pope
+Iulie the second, elected after the death of the said Pius the third,
+bare the habit and collar also vnto the said duke Guidebald; which
+after he had receiued the same, sent sir Balshasar Castalio, knight,
+a Mantuan borne, as his orator vnto king Henrie, which was for him
+installed, according to the ordinances of the order.
+
+[Sidenote: Thomas Sauage archbishop of Canturburie deceassed.]
+
+This yeare that worthie prelate Thomas Sauage archbishop of Yorke
+departed this life at his castell of Cawood: a man beside the
+worthinesse of his birth highlie esteemed with his prince for his fast
+fidelitie and great wisedome. He bestowed great cost in repairing
+the castell of Cawood and the manor of Scrobie. His bodie was buried
+at Yorke, but he appointed by his testament, that his hart should be
+buried at Macclesfield in Cheshire, where he was borne, in a chapell
+there of his foundation, ioining to the south side of the church,
+meaning to haue founded a college there also, if his purpose had not
+beene preuented by death. After him succeeded doctor Benbridge in the
+archbishops see of Yorke, being the fiftie and sixt archbishop that had
+sat in that see.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex Guic. pag. 184._]
+
+About this same time Lewes the French king, the twelfe of that name
+(who succeeded Charles the eighth that died at Amboise the night before
+the eighth daie of Aprill, of a catarrhe, which the physicians call an
+apoplexie, the same rising in him with such abundance, as he beheld a
+match plaied at tennisse, that in a few houres he ended at the same
+place his life: during the which, he had with greater importunitie
+than vertue troubled the whole world with great appearance of danger
+to kindle eftsoones new fiers of innouation and troubles) maried his
+eldest daughter named Clare, vnto Francis de Valois Dolphin of Vienne,
+and duke of Angolesme, which ladie was promised vnto Charles the king
+of Castile: wherevpon by ambassadors sent to and fro betwixt king
+Henrie and the said king of Castile, a mariage was concluded betwixt
+the said king of Castile, and the ladie Marie, daughter to king Henrie,
+being about the age of ten yeares. For conclusion of which mariage,
+the lord of Barow, & other ambassadors were sent into England from the
+emperor Maximilian which with great rewards returned.
+
+
+[Sidenote: 1508.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 879._]
+
+[Sidenote: William Capell sued by the king.]
+
+[Sidenote: Tho. Knelsworth imprisoned.]
+
+[Sidenote: Norwich on fier.]
+
+¶ William Browne mercer maior of London, this yeare deceassed, and
+foorthwith sir Laurence Ailmer draper was chosen and sworne, and went
+home in a graie cloake, with the sword borne before him, on the eight
+and twentith daie of March. Item he tooke his oth at the Tower, and
+kept no feast. William Capell was put in sute by the king for things
+by him doone in his maioraltie. Also Thomas Knelsworth that had beene
+maior of London, and his shiriffes, were sent to the kings Bench,
+till they were put to their fines of foureteene hundred pounds. In
+the moneth of Iune, the citie of Norwich was sore perished, & neere
+consumed with fier, that began in a Frenchmans house named Peter
+Iohnson, a surgian, in the parish of saint George.
+
+[Sidenote: Free schoole at Wlfrunehampton.]
+
+Stephan Genings merchant tailor, maior of London, founded a free
+grammar schoole at Wlfrunehampton in Staffordshire, with conuenient
+lodgings for the maister and vsher, in the same place where he was
+borne. He gaue lands sufficient for the maintenance, leauing the
+ouersight thereof to the merchant tailors in London, who haue hitherto
+iustlie dealt in that matter, and also augmented the building there.
+Maister Nichols, who maried the onelie daughter and heire of the
+aforesaid Stephan Genings, gaue lands to mainteine the pauements of
+that towne. Also, Iohn Leneson esquier, about Anno 1556, gaue lands,
+whereof foure pounds should be dealt euerie yeare, on good fridaie, to
+the poore people of Wlfrunehampton, and six and twentie shillings eight
+pence yeerelie, towards the reparation of the church there.
+
+[Sidenote: Iohn Ligh of Wlfruneh[=a]pton, his rare example of charitie.]
+
+Moreouer, about Anno 1566, sir Iohn Ligh, a preest, which had serued in
+that church there, the space of threescore years, for fiue pounds, six
+shillings and eight pence the yeare, without anie other augmentation
+of his liuing, who would neuer take anie other benefice, or other
+preferment, gaue twentie pounds, to purchase twentie shillings the
+yeare lands, the same to be giuen yearelie for euer to the poore of
+Wlfrunehampton vpon good fridaie; & twelue pounds thirteene shillings
+foure pence, to purchase a marke a yeare lands, the same to be giuen to
+the poore of Chifnall, in the countie of Salope, where the said Ligh
+was borne. This man liued nigh one hundred years. He bestowed besides
+his owne labour which was great (in bearing of stones, &c.) aboue
+twentie pounds on the high waies about that towne of Wlfrunehampton.
+
+[Sidenote: Wlfruneh[=a]pton, corruptlie called Wolnerhampton.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Ex charta regia._]
+
+This towne of Wlfrunehampton, is now corruptlie called Wolnerhampton:
+for in Anno 996, in king Ethelreds time (who wrote himselfe Rex
+Anglorum & princeps Northumbrorum Olympiade tertia regni sui, for so
+he wrote the count of his reigne then, which was the fifteenth yeare)
+it was then called Hampton, as appeareth by an old charter written by
+the notary of the said king Ethelred, which charter I haue seene and
+read. And for that a noble woman named Wlfrune a Widow, some time wife
+to Althelme duke of Northampton, did obteine of the said king to giue
+lands vnto the church there which she had founded, the said towne
+tooke the addition of the same Wlfrune, for that charter so named hir
+Wlfrune, and the towne Hampton.
+
+[Sidenote: _Smart._]
+
+[Sidenote: Hospitall of the Sauoie.]
+
+[Sidenote: _Rec. of Canturb. church._]
+
+In this yeare was finished the goodlie hospitall of the Sauoie neere
+vnto Charingcrosse, which was a notable foundation for the poore, doone
+by king Henrie the seauenth, vnto the which he purchased and gaue lands
+for the releeuing of one hundred poore people. This was first named
+Sauoie place, by Peter earle of Sauoie, father to Boniface archbishop
+of Canturburie, about the nine and twentith yeare of king Henrie the
+third, who made the said Peter erle of Richmond. This house belonged
+since to the duke of Lancaster, and at this time was conuerted to
+an hospitall, still reteining the first name of Sauoie. King Henrie
+also builded three houses of Franciscane friers, which are called
+obseruants, at Richmond, Greenewich, and Newarke; and three other of
+the familie of Franciscane friers which are called conuentuals, at
+Canturburie, Newcastell, and Southampton.
+
+[Sidenote: _Fr. Thin._]
+
+[Sidenote: Thomas Ruthall bishop of Durham.]
+
+[Sidenote: The situation of Cicester.]
+
+¶ This yeare was Thomas Ruthall made bishop of Durham by Henrie the
+seauenth, touching whose place of birth (being at Cirencester now
+Cicester) and himselfe, I will not refuse to set downe what Leland
+(about the yeare 1542) hath written, not being vnfit heere to be
+recorded. Cirencester (saith he) in Latine called Corinium standeth
+on the riuer Churne. "There haue beene three parish churches, whereof
+saint Cicilies church is cleane downe, being of late but a chappell.
+Saint Laurence yet standeth, but it is no parish church. There be two
+poore almes women endued with land. There is now but one parish church
+in all Cirencester that is verie faire, the bodie of which church
+is all new worke, to the which Ruthall bishop of Durham (borne and
+brought vp in Cirencester) promised much, but (preuented by death) gaue
+nothing. One Anne Aueling aunt to doctor Ruthall by the mothers side,
+gaue one hundred markes to the building of that church. King Henrie
+the first made the hospitall of saint Iohns at Cirencester. Thus farre
+Leland."
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop was one of K. Henrie the eights priuie councell.]
+
+[Sidenote: The king c[=o]mmandeth him to write a booke of the whole
+estate of the kingdom.]
+
+This man thus borne at Cicencester in Glocestershire, and made bishop
+of Durham, was afer the death of king Henrie the seauenth, one of the
+priuie councell to king Henrie the eight; in whose court he was so
+continuallie attendant, that he could not steale anie time to attend
+the affaires of his bishoprike. But yet not altogither carelesse
+(though not so much as he ought to haue beene) of the place and cause
+from whence and for which he receiued so great reuenues, as came vnto
+his hands from that see. He repaired the third part of Tine bridge
+next vnto the south, which he might well doo; for he was accompted the
+richest subiect through the realme. To whome (remaining then at the
+court) the king gaue in charge to write a booke of the whole estate
+of the kingdome, bicause he was knowne to the king to be a man of
+sufficiencie for the discharge thereof, which he did accordinglie.
+
+Afterwards, the king commanded cardinall Woolseie to go to this bishop,
+and to bring the booke awaie with him to deliuer to his maiestie. But
+see the mishap! that a man in all other things so prouident, should
+now be so negligent: and at that time most forget himselfe, when (as
+it after fell out) he had most need to haue remembred himselfe. For
+this bishop hauing written two bookes (the one to answer the kings
+command, and the other intreating of his owne priuate affaires) did
+bind them both after one sort in vellame, iust of one length, bredth,
+and thicknesse, and in all points in such like proportion answering one
+another, as the one could not by anie especiall note be discerned from
+the other: both of which he also laid vp togither in one place of his
+studie.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishops booke of his priuat affaires vnaduisedlie
+deliuered in steed of the kings.]
+
+Now when the cardinall came to demand the booke due to the king: the
+bishop vnaduisedlie commanded his seruant to bring him the booke bound
+in white vellame lieng in his studie in such a place. The seruant
+dooing accordinglie, brought foorth one of those bookes so bound, being
+the booke intreating of the state of the bishop, and deliuered the same
+vnto his maister, who receiuing it (without further consideration
+or looking on) gaue it to the cardinall to beare vnto the king. The
+cardinall hauing the booke, went from the bishop, and after (in his
+studie by himselfe) vnderstanding the contents thereof, he greatlie
+reioised, hauing now occasion (which he long sought for) offered vnto
+him to bring the bishop into the king's disgrace.
+
+[Sidenote: The bishops owne booke disaduantageable to himselfe.]
+
+[Sidenote: The bishop dieth of a sorowfull and pensiue conceipt.]
+
+Wherefore he went foorthwith to the king, deliuered the booke into his
+hands, and breefelie informed the king of the contents thereof; putting
+further into the king's head, that if at anie time he were destitute of
+a masse of monie, he should not need to seeke further therefore than
+to the cofers of the bishop, who by the tenor of his owne booke had
+accompted his proper riches and substance to the value of a hundred
+thousand pounds. Of all which when the bishop had intelligence (what
+he had doon, how the cardinall vsed him, what the king said, and what
+the world reported of him) he was striken with such greefe of the same,
+that he shortlie through extreame sorrow ended his life at London,
+in the yeare of Christ 1523. After whose death the cardinall, which
+had long before gaped after the said bishoprike, in singular hope
+to atteine therevnto, had now his wish in effect: which he the more
+easilie compassed, for that he had his nets alwaies readie cast, as
+assuring himselfe to take a trout: following therein a prophane mans
+cautelous counsell, and putting the same in practise; who saith:
+
+[Sidenote: _Ouid._]
+
+    Casus vbiq; valet, semper tibi pendeat hamus,
+      Quo minime credis gurgite piscis erit.
+
+[Sidenote: 1509.]
+
+[Sidenote: An. Reg. 24.]
+
+[Sidenote: The death of king Henrie the seuenth.]
+
+The sicknesse which held the king dailie more and more increasing,
+he well perceiued that his end drew neere, and therefore meaning to
+doo some high pleasure to his people, granted of his free motion a
+generall pardon to all men, for all offenses doone & committed against
+anie his lawes or statutes; theeues, murtherers, & certeine other were
+excepted. He paied also the fees of all prisoners in the gaoles in and
+about London, abiding there onelie for that dutie. He paied also the
+debts of all such persons as laie in the counters of Ludgate for fortie
+shillings & vnder; and some he releeued that were condemned in ten
+pounds. Herevpon were processions generallie vsed euerie daie in euerie
+citie and parish, to praie to almightie God for his restoring to health
+and long continuance of the same. Neuerthelesse, he was so wasted with
+his long maladie, that nature could no longer susteine his life, and
+so he departed out of this world the two and twentith of Aprill, in
+his palace of Richmond, in the yeere of our Lord 1509. His corpse was
+conueied with all funerall pompe to Westminster, and there buried by
+the good queene his wife in a sumptuous chapell, which he not long
+before had caused to be builded.
+
+[Sidenote: What children he had.]
+
+[Sidenote: The description of king Henrie the seuenth.]
+
+He reigned three and twentie yeares, and more than seuen moneths, and
+liued two and fiftie yeares. He had by his queene Elizabeth foure
+sonnes, and foure daughters, of the which three remained aliue behind
+him. Henrie his second son prince of Wales, which after him was king,
+Margaret queen of Scots, and the ladie Marie promised to Charles king
+of Castile. He was a man of bodie but leane and spare, albeit mightie
+and strong therewith; of personage and stature somewhat higher than
+the meane sort of men, of a woonderfull beautie and faire complexion,
+of countenance merie and smiling, especiallie in his communication,
+his eies graie, his teeth single, and haire thin, of wit in all things
+quicke and prompt, of a princelie stomach and hautie courage. In great
+perils, doubtfull affaires, and matters of importance, supernaturall
+and in maner diuine; for he ordered all his dooings aduisedlie and with
+great deliberation.
+
+[Sidenote: Iustice mingled with mercie.]
+
+Besides this, he was sober, moderate, honest, courteous, bountious,
+and so much abhorring pride and arrogancie, that he was euer sharpe
+and quicke to them that were noted with that fault. He was also an
+indifferent and vpright iusticer, by the which one thing he allured
+to him the hearts of manie people, and yet to this seueritie of his
+he ioined a certeine mercifull pitie, which he did extend to those
+that had offended the penall lawes, and were put to their fines by
+his iustices. He did vse his rigour onelie (as he said himselfe) to
+dant, bring low, and abate the high minds and stout stomachs of the
+wealthie and wild people, nourished vp in seditious factions and ciuill
+rebellions, rather than for the greedie desire of monie; although such
+as were scourged with amerciaments cried out, and said it was rather
+for the respect of gaine, than for anie politike prouision. Indeed he
+left his coffers well stuffed, for he was no wastfull consumer of his
+riches by anie inordinat meanes.
+
+[Sidenote: Out of the bishop of Rochesters funerall sermon preached in
+Paules church at London.]
+
+To conclude, he had asmuch in him of gifts both of bodie, mind and
+fortune, as was possible for anie potentate or king to haue. His
+politike wisedome in gouernance was singular, his wit alwaie quicke
+and readie, his reason pithie and substantiall, his memorie fresh and
+holding, his experience notable, his counsels fortunate and taken by
+wise deliberation, his speech gratious in diuerse languages, his person
+(as before ye haue heard) right comelie, his naturall complexion of the
+purest mixture, leagues and confederations he had with all christian
+princes. His mightie power was dread euerie where, not onelie within
+his realme but without. Also his people were to him in as humble
+subjection as euer they were to king; his land manie a daie in peace
+and tranquillitie, his prosperitie in battell against his enimies was
+maruellous, his dealing in time of perils and dangers was cold and
+sober, with great hardinesse. If anie treason were conspired against
+him, it came out wonderfullie. His buildings most goodlie, and after
+the newest cast, all of pleasure.
+
+And so this king liuing all his time in fortunes fauour, in high
+honour, wealth and glorie, for his noble acts and prudent policies is
+woorthie to be registred in the booke of fame, least time (the consumer
+of all worthie things) should blot out the memorie of his name here in
+earth, whose soule we trust liueth in heauen, enioieng the fruition
+of the godhead, & those pleasures prepared for the faithfull. [In
+memorie of whome, his manifold vertues, with the fortunate successe
+of his affaires, and the gratious descent of his loines, as they
+procured a famous report in nations farre and neere; so haue some at
+the contemplation of his princelinesse, and euerie waie crowned with
+felicitie, made memorials of his magnificence; to the immortalitie of
+his high praise and vnblemishable renowme: among whome (for the truth
+of the report iustifiable by the contents of this historie) one commeth
+to mind, which may well serue for an epitaph:
+
+    Septimus Henricus factis est nomen adeptus
+    Praeclarum claris ventura in secula famae:
+    Ciuibus ille suis fuerat charissimus, hostes
+    Omnes iure ipsum metuebant: numinis almi
+    Relligiosus erat cultor, pietatis & aequi,
+    Versutos hominesque malos vehementius odit.
+    Viginti totos charus tresque amplius annos
+    Regibus externis in summo vixit honore:
+    Magnanimus, iustus rex, prudens atque modestus,
+    Henrico haeredi moriens sua regna reliquit,
+    Diuitiasque, immensum argenti pondus & auri.
+
+[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl. ex I. S. pag. 892._]
+
+[Sidenote: Sepulture of Henrie the seuenth.]
+
+[Sidenote: Executors to Henrie the suenth.]
+
+¶The altar and sepulture of the same king Henrie the seuenth, wherein
+he now resteth, in his new chappell at Westminster, was made and
+finished in the yeare of our Lord 1519, by one Peter T. a painter of
+the citie of Florence, for the which he receiued one thousand pounds
+sterling for the whole stuffe and workemanship, at the hands of the
+king executors, Richard bishop of Winchester, Richard Fitz Iames bishop
+of London, Thomas bishop of Duresme, Iohn bishop of Rochester, Thomas
+duke of Norffolke treasuror of England, Edward earle of Worcester the
+kings Chamberleine, Iohn F. knight, chiefe iustice of the kings Bench,
+Robert R. knight chiefe justice of the common plees, &c.]
+
+Of learned men that liued in this kings daies (as maister Bale noteth
+them) these are recorded. First George Rppeleie a Carmelite frier at
+Boston, seene in the mathematikes, he wrote diuerse treatises, and
+after his decease was accounted a nekromancer; Iohn Erghom borne in
+Yorke, a blacke frier, a doctor of diuinitie professed in Oxford,
+studious of prophesies, as by the title of the works which he wrote
+it may appeare; Iohn Persiuall a Chartreux monke; Thomas Maillorie a
+Welshman borne, he wrote (I wote not what) of king Arthur, and of the
+round table; Iohn Rousse borne in Warwikeshire, a diligent searcher
+of antiquities, whervpon few libraries were any where to be seene in
+England and Wales, where he made not search for the same, and wrote
+sundrie treatises of historicall arguments. He deceassed at Warwike the
+fourteenth of Ianuarie in the yeare 1491, and was buried in our ladie
+church there.
+
+[Sidenote: _Dromorensis episcopus._]
+
+Thomas Scroope, otherwise surnamed Bradleie, descended of the noble
+familie of the Scroops, professed sundrie kinds of religions, as
+that of the order of saint Benet, and saint Dominike, and likewise
+he became a Carmelite, and last of all he fell to and preached the
+gospell in haire and sackecloth, till he vnderstood himselfe to be in
+the displeasure of Walden and other, that could not awaie with such
+singularitie in him or other, sounding (as they tooke it) to the danger
+of bringing the doctrine of the Romish church in misliking with the
+people; for then he withdrew himselfe to his house againe, and there
+remained twentie yeares, leading an anchors life, but yet after that
+time he came abroad, and was aduanced to be a bishop in Ireland, and
+went to the Roades in ambassage, from whence, being returned, he went
+barefooted vp and downe in Norffolke, teaching in townes and in the
+countrie abroad the ten commandements, he liued till he came to be at
+the point of an hundred yeares old, & departed this life the fifteenth
+day of Ianuarie in the yeare of our Lord 1491, and was buried at
+Lestolfe, in Suffolke.
+
+Iohn Tonneis, a diuine and an Augustine frier in Norwich, wrote
+certeine rules of grammar, and other things printed by Richard Pinson;
+Gefferie surnamed the Grammarian; Iohn Alcocke bishop of Elie, changed
+a nunrie at Cambridge into a college named Iesus college, about the
+yeere of Christ 1496. The chiefe cause of suppressing the nunrie is
+noted to be, for that the abbesse and other of the conuent liued
+dissolute liues; Stephan Hawes a learned gentleman, and of such
+reputation, as he was admitted to be one of the priuie chamber to king
+Henrie the seuenth; William Bintree, so called of a towne in Norffolke
+where he was borne, by profession a Carmelite frier in Burnham, a great
+diuine; William Gallion an Augustine frier in Lin, and at length became
+prouinciall of his order.
+
+Robert Fabian a citizen and merchant of London, an historiographer,
+he was in his time in good estimation for his wisedome and wealth
+in the citie, so that he bare office and was shiriffe in the yeare
+1493; William Celling, borne beside Feuersham in Kent, a monke of
+Canturburie; Thomas Bourchier descended of the noble linage of the
+earles of Essex, was first bishop of Elie, and after remooued from
+thense to Canturburie, succeeding Iohn Kemp in that archbishops see, at
+length created by pope Paule the second a cardinall; Philip Bromierd
+a Dominicke frier a diuine; Iohn Miles a doctor of both the lawes,
+ciuill and canon, he studied in Oxenford in the college of Brasen nose,
+newlie founded in the daies of this king Henrie the seuenth by William
+Smith bishop of Lincolne; Richard Shirborne bishop of Chichester, and
+imploied in ambassage to diuerse princes, as a man most meet thereto
+for his singular knowledge in learning and eloquence.
+
+Robert Viduus vicar of Thakesteed in Essex, and a prebendarie canon
+of Welles, an excellent poet; Peter Kenighall a Carmelit frier, but
+borne of worshipfull linage in France, hauing an Englishman to his
+father, was student in Oxenford, and became a notable preacher; Iohn
+Morton first bishop of Elie, and after archbishop of Canturburie the
+sixtie and fourth in number that ruled that see, he was aduanced to
+the dignitie of a cardinall, and by king Henrie the seuenth made
+lord chancellor, a worthie councellor and a modest, he was borne of
+worshipfull parents in Cheshire, & departed this life in the yeare of
+our Lord 1500; Henrie Medwall chapleine to the said Morton; Edmund
+Dudleie borne of noble parentage, studied the lawes of this land, and
+profited highlie in knowledge of the same, he wrote a booke intituled
+Arbor rei publicae, the tree of the common wealth: of this man ye haue
+heard before in the life of this king, and more (God willing) shall be
+said in the beginning of the next king, as the occasion of the historie
+leadeth; Iohn Bokingham an excellent schooleman; William Blackeneie a
+Carmelit frier, a doctor of diuinitie, and a nekromancer.
+
+
+   Thus farre Henrie the seuenth, sonne to Edmund earle of Richmond.
+
+
+
+    Transcriber's Notes:
+
+
+    Simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors in the prose
+    were corrected.
+
+    Punctuation normalized.
+
+    Archaic, colloquial, and non-standard spellings retained as
+    printed.
+
+    Italics markup is enclosed in _underscores_.
+
+    Characters with a macron are indicated as [=x] where "x" is the
+    character with a macron.
+
+    P. 528 changed 1468 to 1498.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chronicles of England, Scotland and
+Ireland (3 of 6): England (7 of 9), by Raphael Holinshed
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND,
+SCOTLAND AND IRELAND (3 OF 6): ENGLAND (7 OF 9) ***
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