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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+
+<!DOCTYPE html
+   PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+   "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd" >
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
+    <title>
+      The Blue and the Gray, by A. R. White
+    </title>
+<link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" />
+    <style type="text/css" xml:space="preserve">
+
+    body { margin:7%; background:#faebd0; text-align:justify}
+    P { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: .25em; margin-bottom: .25em; }
+    H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { text-align: center; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; }
+    hr  { width: 50%; text-align: center;}
+    .foot { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3em; font-size: 90%; }
+    blockquote {font-size: 97%; font-style: italic; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;}
+    .mynote    {background-color: #DDE; color: #000; padding: .5em; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 95%;}
+    .toc       { margin-left: 10%; margin-bottom: .75em;}
+    .toc2      { margin-left: 20%;}
+    .indent5   { margin-left: 5%;}
+    .indent10  { margin-left: 10%;}
+    .indent15  { margin-left: 15%;}
+    .indent20  { margin-left: 20%;}
+    div.fig    { display:block; margin:0 auto; text-align:center; }
+    div.middle { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; }
+    .figleft   {float: left; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 1%;}
+    .figright  {float: right; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 1%;}
+    .pagenum   {display:inline; font-size: 100%; font-style:normal;
+               margin: 0; padding: 0; position: absolute; right: 1%;
+               text-align: right;}
+    .side      { float: left; font-size: 75%; width: 25%; padding-left: 0.8em;
+               border-left: dashed thin; text-align: left;
+               text-indent: 0; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;
+               font-weight: bold; color: black; background: #eeeeee; border: solid 1px;}
+    p.pfirst, p.noindent {text-indent: 0}
+    span.dropcap         { float: left; margin: 0 0.1em 0 0; line-height: 1 }
+    pre        { font-style: italic; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 10%;}
+
+</style>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 45382 ***</div>
+
+    <div style="height: 8em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h1>
+      THE BLUE AND THE GRAY
+    </h1>
+    <h3>
+      OR,
+    </h3>
+    <h2>
+      THE CIVIL WAR AS SEEN BY A BOY
+    </h2>
+    <h3>
+      A Story of Patriotism and Adventure in Our War for the Union
+    </h3>
+    <h2>
+      By A. R. White
+    </h2>
+    <h4>
+      With Over 150 War Photographs And Original Drawings
+    </h4>
+    <h2>
+      Illustrated by Frank Beard
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      &ldquo;We live for freedom; let us clasp each other by the hand;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      In love and unity abide, a firm, unbroken band;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      We cannot live divided&mdash;the Union is secure!
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      God grant that while men live and love, this nation may endure.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &mdash;DR. FRED A. PALMER,
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0001" id="linkimage-0001"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0001m.jpg" alt="0001m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0001.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0002" id="linkimage-0002"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0008m.jpg" alt="0008m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0008.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0003" id="linkimage-0003"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0011m.jpg" alt="0011m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0011.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0004" id="linkimage-0004"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0013m.jpg" alt="0013m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0013.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0005" id="linkimage-0005"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0014m.jpg" alt="0014m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0014.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <h3>
+      1898
+    </h3>
+    <h3>
+      BY
+    </h3>
+    <h3>
+      K. T. BOLAND.
+    </h3>
+    <h3>
+      TO THE SONS AND THE DAUGHTERS OF THE VETERANS OF THE CIVIL WAR;
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      TO THOSE WHO FOUGHT ITS BATTLES AND LIVED TO INSTIL ITS LESSONS OF
+      PATRIOTISM IN THE HEARTS OF THEIR CHILDREN; TO THOSE OF ALL CLIMES WHO
+      LOVE LIBERTY AND THE NOBLE LAND WHERE FREEDOM HAD HER BIRTH; TO THE MEMORY
+      OF THE HEROES OF NORTH AND SOUTH WHO FELL IN BATTLE; TO ONE UNITED
+      COUNTRY,
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      BOTH NORTH AND SOUTH, FOREVER ONE IN ALL NOBLE AND LOFTY PURPOSES AND
+      AIMS; TO THE HOMES OF AMERICA; THIS BOOK IS LOVINGLY DEDICATED BY YOURS
+      SINCERELY
+    </p>
+    <h3>
+      THE AUTHOR.
+    </h3>
+    <p>
+      CALEB B. SMITH, Secretary of Interior.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      EDWIN M. STANTON, Secretary of War.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      GIDEON WELLES, Secretary of Navy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      EDWARD BATES, Attorney-General.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      SIMON P. CHASE, Secretary of Treasury.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      MONTGOMERY BLAIR, Postmaster-General.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      JUDAH P. BENJAMIN, Attorney-General, War, State.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      ROBERT TOOMBS, Secretary of State.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      LEROY P. WALKER, Secretary of War.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      STEPHEN R. MALLORY, Secretary of the Navy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      CHRISTOPHER G. MEMMINGER. Secretary of Treasury.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      JOHN H. REAGAN, Postmaster-General.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0006" id="linkimage-0006"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9015.jpg" alt="9015 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9015.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      HE scenes of the war, related by a boy who followed the flag from the
+      beginning to the end of the war, must carry with them a sense of accuracy,
+      for they are the recollections of actual service. Those books which have
+      been written upon the war have, with very few exceptions, been penned from
+      the standpoint of mature opinions and experiences. In this work the views
+      and struggles of a boy who went into the army, from an honest desire to do
+      right, are portrayed. To fight was abhorrent to his nature, but there was
+      a call for men who were willing to defend the institutions of his beloved
+      land. And that defense was only possible through bloodshed and conflict.
+      Tenderly instructed by a loving and gentle mother, whose early home was in
+      the South, it was almost a wrenching of her cherished opinions, to give
+      him up to fight against her kindred. But her boy did not enter the contest
+      with a thought of conquering his fellow-beings, but as a duty which,
+      though painful, must be performed. How that dear mother gave him to his
+      country, how he marched, and fought, and endured hardships, are here set
+      forth in the colors of truth, for it is a true story.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And that the boys and girls of to-day and their fathers and mothers may
+      follow the varying fortunes of the boy of our story, thus ushered into the
+      conflict, with pleasure and profit, is the heartfelt hope of
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Author.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <b>CONTENTS</b>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_LIST"> LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_INTR"> INTRODUCTION. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0003"> THE CIVIL WAR AS SEEN BY A BOY. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0001"> CHAPTER I. THE BEGINNING OF WAR. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0002"> CHAPTER II. ORDERED TO WASHINGTON. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0003"> CHAPTER III. RALPH'S FIRST BATTLE. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0004"> CHAPTER IV. RALPH DOES PICKET DUTY. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0005"> CHAPTER V. RALPH AT HEADQUARTERS. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0006"> CHAPTER VI. ANOTHER BATTLE. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0007"> CHAPTER VII. THE DISASTER AT BALL'S BLUFF. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0008"> CHAPTER VIII. THE ARMY IN WINTER QUARTERS. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0009"> CHAPTER IX. FAIR OAKS. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0010"> CHAPTER X. CAMP FUN. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0011"> CHAPTER XI. SOUTH MOUNTAIN. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0012"> CHAPTER XII. MORE FIGHTING. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0013"> CHAPTER XIII. OLD BILL DIES. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0014"> CHAPTER XIV. FREDERICKSBURG. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0015"> CHAPTER XV. RALPH IS SENT HOME. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0016"> CHAPTER XVI. RALPH AT HOME. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0017"> CHAPTER XVII. RALPH RE-ENLISTS. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0018"> CHAPTER XVIII. CROSSING THE RIVER. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0019"> CHAPTER XIX. THE PROCLAMATION. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2HCH0020"> CHAPTER XX. THE SURRENDER. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0024"> THE SANITARY COMMISSION. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0025"> TWO VOICES. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0026"> A REMINISCENCE. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0027"> THE LITTLE BLACK COW. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0028"> A WAR STORY. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0029"> ROBERT ANDERSON. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0030"> GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0031"> AFTER THE BATTLE. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0032"> A BOOTBLACK OF TENNESSEE. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0033"> CONFEDERATE CEMETERIES </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_PART"> PART II. UNDER BOTH FLAGS. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0035"> ULYSSES S. GRANT. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0036"> JAMES ABRAM GARFIELD. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0037"> EVENTS FOLLOWING THE CIVIL WAR. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0038"> THE ATLANTIC CABLE. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0039"> ALASKA </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0040"> CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0041"> EDISON, THE GENIUS OF THE AGE. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0042"> CHICAGO FIRE. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0043"> THE TELEPHONE AND PHONOGRAPH. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0044"> THE JOHNSTOWN FLOOD. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0045"> EARTHQUAKE AT CHARLESTON. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0046"> INDIAN WARS. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0047"> GEORGE A. CUSTER. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0048"> BATTLE OF WOUNDED KNEE CREEK, </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0049"> CHRISTOPHER CARSON. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0050"> THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0051"> PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN OF 1896. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0052"> &ldquo;HOME, SWEET HOME.&rdquo; </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0053"> THE REV. O. H. TIFFANY, D. D. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0054"> THE UNION SOLDIER. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0055"> EMORY A. STORRS. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0056"> ANTIETAM. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0057"> THE SWORDS OF GRANT AND LEE. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0058"> WAR WITH SPAIN. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0059"> THE MAINE DISASTER. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0060"> THE FIRST GUN FIRED. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0061"> DEWEY'S VICTORY AT MANILA. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0062"> ROOSEVELT'S ROUGH RIDERS. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0063"> HOBSON MADE FAMOUS. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0064"> DESTRUCTION OF CERVERA'S FLEET. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0065"> SURRENDER OF SANTIAGO. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0066"> SURRENDER OF MANILA. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0067"> ANNEXATION OF HAWAII. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0068"> PUERTO RICO. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0069"> GENERAL FITZHUGH LEE. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0070"> ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0071"> ACTING REAR ADMIRAL SAMPSON. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0072"> COMMODORE W. S. SCHLEY. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0073"> ENSIGN WORTH BAGLEY. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_4_0074"> OUR NAVY. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p class="toc">
+      <a href="#link2H_CONC"> CONCLUSION. </a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_LIST" id="link2H_LIST"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
+    </h2>
+<pre xml:space="preserve">
+
+     A Business Street in Manila...........................<a href="#link389">...389</a>
+
+     A Cuban Home..........................................<a href="#link371">...371</a>
+
+     Allan Pinkerton and Secret Service Officers...........<a href="#link073">...073</a>
+
+     An Alexandria Anti-bellum Relic.......................<a href="#link069">...069</a>
+
+     Appomattox Court House................................<a href="#link227">...227</a>
+
+     Artillery Going to the Front..........................<a href="#link126">...126</a>
+
+     Asking for Furlough...................................<a href="#link095">...095</a>
+
+     A Southern Mansion....................................<a href="#link086">...086</a>
+
+     A Stolen Child........................................<a href="#link338">...338</a>
+
+     A Sugar Factory in Manila.............................<a href="#link377">...377</a>
+
+     Attack on Fredericksburg..............................<a href="#link145">...145</a>
+
+     Attack on the Mail....................................<a href="#link337">...337</a>
+
+     A Typical Colored Boy.................................<a href="#link080">...080</a>
+
+     Battle of Bull Run....................................<a href="#link051">...051</a>
+
+     Battle of Chancellorsville............................<a href="#link298">...298</a>
+
+     Battle of Malvern Hill-Lee's Attack...................<a href="#link076">...076</a>
+
+     Battle of Phillipi....................................<a href="#link046">...046</a>
+
+     Battle of Shiloh......................................<a href="#link194">...194</a>
+
+     Bearing Dispatches....................................<a href="#link106">...106</a>
+
+     Burning of Chicago....................................<a href="#link328">...328</a>
+
+     Burnside Bridge.......................................<a href="#link135">...135</a>
+
+     Burying Old Bill......................................<a href="#link142">...142</a>
+
+     Camp Douglas..........................................<a href="#link159">...159</a>
+
+     Camp Fire Songs.......................................<a href="#link117">...117</a>
+
+     Camp Life-In the Kitchen..............................<a href="#link071">...071</a>
+
+     Camp Life on Monday...................................<a href="#link077">...077</a>
+
+     Camp of the Army of the Potomac.......................<a href="#link104">...104</a>
+
+     Capitol at Richmond...................................<a href="#link065">...065</a>
+
+     Captain John L Worden Commanding the Monitor..........<a href="#link175">...175</a>
+
+     Capture of a White Child..............................<a href="#link340">...340</a>
+
+     Caring for the Dead...................................<a href="#link055">...055</a>
+
+     Charge of a Confederate Cavalry at Trevalian Station..<a href="#link221">...221</a>
+
+     Colonel John S Mosby and a Group of His Raiders.......<a href="#link211">...211</a>
+
+     Confederate Soldiers' Monument&mdash;Richmond, Va...........<a
+      href="#link259">...259</a>
+
+     Crossing Big Black River..............................<a href="#link191">...191</a>
+
+     Custer's Last Charge..................................<a href="#link347">...347</a>
+
+     Death of Sitting Bull.................................<a href="#link343">...343</a>
+
+     Decoration Day&mdash;Gettysburg.............................<a
+      href="#link262">...262</a>
+
+     Destruction of Cervera's Fleet........................<a href="#link385">...385</a>
+
+     Devil's Den...........................................<a href="#link208">...208</a>
+
+     Diamond Joe and Aunt Judah When Young.................<a href="#link082">...082</a>
+
+     &ldquo;Do Any of You Know Peter Hall?&rdquo;......................<a href="#link123">...123</a>
+
+     Drinking from the Same Canteen........................<a href="#link245">...245</a>
+
+     Earthquake at Charleston..............................<a href="#link334">...334</a>
+
+     Episcopal Church at Alexandria, Va....................<a href="#link088">...088</a>
+
+     Fairfax Court House...................................<a href="#link027">...027</a>
+
+     Fall of General James B McPherson near Atlanta........<a href="#link215">...215</a>
+
+     Foraging..............................................<a href="#link072">...072</a>
+
+     Foraging..............................................<a href="#link197">...197</a>
+
+     Fort Donelson.........................................<a href="#link161">...161</a>
+
+     Fortress Monroe.......................................<a href="#link022">...022</a>
+
+     Fort Sumter...........................................<a href="#link019">...019</a>
+
+     Franklin Buchanan Commanding the Merrimac.............<a href="#link172">...172</a>
+
+     Fremont's Body Guard..................................<a href="#link101">...101</a>
+
+     Fun in Camp...........................................<a href="#link119">...119</a>
+
+     Garfield Lying in State...............................<a href="#link314">...314</a>
+
+     Garfield's Struggle with Death........................<a href="#link316">...316</a>
+
+     General Grant's Birthplace............................<a href="#link309">...309</a>
+
+     General Hancock and Friends...........................<a href="#link153">...153</a>
+
+     General Lee on His Favorite Horse.....................<a href="#link295">...295</a>
+
+     General Longstreet Wounded by His Own Men.............<a href="#link213">...213</a>
+
+     General Meade's Headquarters..........................<a href="#link298">...298</a>
+
+     General Miles.........................................<a href="#link393">...393</a>
+
+     Gettysburg Cemetery Gate..............................<a href="#link212">...212</a>
+
+     Grant's Tomb-New York.................................<a href="#link258">...258</a>
+
+     Grant Breaking a Horse................................<a href="#link311">...311</a>
+
+     Grant Plowing at the Age of 11........................<a href="#link310">...310</a>
+
+     Hailing the Troops....................................<a href="#link064">...064</a>
+
+     Harper's Ferry........................................<a href="#link040">...040</a>
+
+     Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia......................<a href="#link323">...323</a>
+
+     House Where Lee Surrendered...........................<a href="#link242">...242</a>
+
+     Indian Chief..........................................<a href="#link349">...349</a>
+
+     Indian Dance..........................................<a href="#link339">...339</a>
+
+     Indian Schools of To-day..............................<a href="#link341">...341</a>
+
+     Indian Scout..........................................<a href="#link350">...350</a>
+
+     Interior of Hospital..................................<a href="#link249">...249</a>
+
+     In Winter Quarters....................................<a href="#link105">...105</a>
+
+     Joe Hiding in the Woods...............................<a href="#link083">...083</a>
+
+     John Brown's Capture..................................<a href="#link042">...042</a>
+
+     Location of the Union Troops&mdash;Henry House..............<a
+      href="#link053">...053</a>
+
+     Making a Military Road Through a Swamp................<a href="#link198">...198</a>
+
+     Map-Battlefields of the Great Civil War...............<a href="#link147">...147</a>
+
+     Map-Loyal and Seceding States.........................<a href="#link052">...052</a>
+
+     Map&mdash;Showing the Seat of War...........................<a
+      href="#link132">...132</a>
+
+     Map-The Shenandoah Valley.............................<a href="#link121">...121</a>
+
+     McLean House..........................................<a href="#link232">...232</a>
+
+     National Cemetery at Richmond, Va.....................<a href="#link217">...217</a>
+
+     Negro Village in Georgia..............................<a href="#link036">...036</a>
+
+     Off for the War.......................................<a href="#link018">...018</a>
+
+     Old Aunt Judah........................................<a href="#link081">...081</a>
+
+     Old City Hall-New Orleans.............................<a href="#link113">...113</a>
+
+     On Board the Hartford-Battle of Mobile Bay............<a href="#link168">...168</a>
+
+     On the March..........................................<a href="#link039">...039</a>
+
+     Picket Off Duty Forever...............................<a href="#link059">...059</a>
+
+     Proposed Monument to Jefferson Davis..................<a href="#link260">...260</a>
+
+     Portrait-Alexander H Stephens.........................<a href="#link024">...024</a>
+
+     Portrait-Abraham Lincoln..............................<a href="#link236">...236</a>
+
+     Portrait-Admiral Cervera..............................<a href="#link381">...381</a>
+
+     Portrait-Brigadier-General Neal Dow...................<a href="#link222">...222</a>
+
+     Portrait-Buffalo Bill, a Foe of the Indians...........<a href="#link342">...342</a>
+
+     Portrait-Belle Boyd...................................<a href="#link257">...257</a>
+
+     Portrait-Charles A Dana...............................<a href="#link133">...133</a>
+
+     Portrait-Captain Charles Wilke........................<a href="#link203">...203</a>
+
+     Portrait-Capt Raphael Semmes..........................<a href="#link218">...218</a>
+
+     Portrait-Commander David D Porter.....................<a href="#link186">...186</a>
+
+     Portrait-Christopher Carson...........................<a href="#link351">...351</a>
+
+     Portrait-Colonel Charles W Le Gendre..................<a href="#link214">...214</a>
+
+     Portrait-Florence Nightingale.........................<a href="#link255">...255</a>
+
+     Portrait-Frances Willard..............................<a href="#link358">...358</a>
+
+     Portrait-General Ambrose E Burnside...................<a href="#link125">...125</a>
+
+     Portrait-General George B McClellan...................<a href="#link047">...047</a>
+
+     Portrait-General George E Meade.......................<a href="#link150">...150</a>
+
+     Portrait-General Grant................................<a href="#link163">...163</a>
+
+     Portrait-General Grant................................<a href="#link231">...231</a>
+
+     Portrait-General John A Dix...........................<a href="#link025">...025</a>
+
+     Portrait-General James Longstreet, C S A..............<a href="#link062">...062</a>
+
+     Portrait-General Joseph E Johnston....................<a href="#link090">...090</a>
+
+     Portrait-General John C Fremont.......................<a href="#link100">...100</a>
+
+     Portrait-General John A Logan.........................<a href="#link190">...190</a>
+
+     Portrait-General James B McPherson....................<a href="#link196">...196</a>
+
+     Portrait-James Abram Garfield.........................<a href="#link315">...315</a>
+
+     Portrait-General Fitz Hugh Lee........................<a href="#link399">...399</a>
+
+     Portrait-General Lew Wallace..........................<a href="#link127">...127</a>
+
+     Portrait-General Oliver O Howard......................<a href="#link220">...220</a>
+
+     Portrait-General P T G Beauregard.....................<a href="#link045">...045</a>
+
+     Portrait-General Phil Kearney.........................<a href="#link139">...139</a>
+
+     Portrait-General Pickett..............................<a href="#link209">...209</a>
+
+     Portrait-General Rosecrans............................<a href="#link136">...136</a>
+
+     Portrait-General Stonewall Jackson....................<a href="#link182">...182</a>
+
+     Portrait-General Winfield Scott.......................<a href="#link030">...030</a>
+
+     Portrait-General Winfield Hancock.....................<a href="#link152">...152</a>
+
+     Portrait-General William Tecumseh Sherman.............<a href="#link189">...189</a>
+
+     Portrait-General Wade Hampton.........................<a href="#link205">...205</a>
+
+     Portrait-General Robert Anderson......................<a href="#link292">...292</a>
+
+     Portrait-Harriet B Stowe..............................<a href="#link206">...206</a>
+
+     Portrait-Henry Ward Beecher...........................<a href="#link021">...021</a>
+
+     Portrait-Hobson.......................................<a href="#link383">...383</a>
+
+     Portrait-Honorable Charles Sumner.....................<a href="#link087">...087</a>
+
+     Portrait-Horace Greeley...............................<a href="#link204">...204</a>
+
+     Portrait-James Murray Mason...........................<a href="#link020">...020</a>
+
+     Portrait-John Slidell.................................<a href="#link020">...020</a>
+
+     Portrait-John Brown...................................<a href="#link041">...041</a>
+
+     Portrait-Jennie Wade..................................<a href="#link209">...209</a>
+
+     Portraits (from Photographs)-John M Morgan and Wife...<a href="#link216">...216</a>
+
+     Portrait-John A Winslow...............................<a href="#link219">...219</a>
+
+     Portrait-John B Gordon................................<a href="#link229">...229</a>
+
+     Portrait-Jefferson Davis..............................<a href="#link230">...230</a>
+
+     Portrait-John Wilkes Booth............................<a href="#link237">...237</a>
+
+     Portrait-Lee's Surrender..............................<a href="#link239">...239</a>
+
+     Portrait-General Montgomery Meigs.....................<a href="#link026">...026</a>
+
+     Portrait-Major-General Philip H Sheridan..............<a href="#link226">...226</a>
+
+     Portrait-Miss Nellie M Taylor.........................<a href="#link251">...251</a>
+
+     Portrait-Miss Hattie A Dada...........................<a href="#link252">...252</a>
+
+     Portrait-Mrs Mary D Wade..............................<a href="#link252">...252</a>
+
+     Portrait-Miss Clara Barton............................<a href="#link253">...253</a>
+
+     Portrait-Major-General Fitzhugh Lee, C S A............<a href="#link094">...094</a>
+
+     Portrait-Miss Louisa M Alcott.........................<a href="#link256">...256</a>
+
+     Portrait-Mrs Mary Livermore...........................<a href="#link254">...254</a>
+
+     Portrait-Miss Margaret Breckenridge...................<a href="#link256">...256</a>
+
+     Portrait-Robert E Lee.................................<a href="#link078">...078</a>
+
+     Portrait-Rear Admiral David G Farragut................<a href="#link186">...186</a>
+
+     Portrait-Thomas A Edison..............................<a href="#link325">...325</a>
+
+     Portrait&mdash;Walter Q Gresham.............................<a
+      href="#link223">...223</a>
+
+     Portrait&mdash;William H Seward.............................<a
+      href="#link320">...320</a>
+
+     Portrait-William McKinley.............................<a href="#link356">...356</a>
+
+     Portrait-William J Bryan..............................<a href="#link356">...356</a>
+
+     Pickets Examining Passes..............................<a href="#link175">...175</a>
+
+     Prayer in Stonewall Jackson's Camp....................<a href="#link183">...183</a>
+
+     Prayer at the Funeral of the Maine's Victims..........<a href="#link369">...369</a>
+
+     Punishment in the Army................................<a href="#link206">...206</a>
+
+     Ralph and the Officer.................................<a href="#link029">...029</a>
+
+     Ralph's Good-Bye......................................<a href="#link032">...032</a>
+
+     Recruiting Office, New York City Hall Park............<a href="#link181">...181</a>
+
+     Rejoicing.............................................<a href="#link066">...066</a>
+
+     Review of Soldiers-Washington.........................<a href="#link241">...241</a>
+
+     Ruins of the House....................................<a href="#link085">...085</a>
+
+     Sharp Shooters........................................<a href="#link107">...107</a>
+
+     Sheridan Reconnoitering at Five Forks.................<a href="#link224">...224</a>
+
+     Siege Gun.............................................<a href="#link020">...020</a>
+
+     Soldiers Near Santiago................................<a href="#link395">...395</a>
+
+     The Art Palace, World's Fair..........................<a href="#link353">...353</a>
+
+     The Battle of Atlanta, Ga.............................<a href="#link097">...097</a>
+
+     Stand of Flags........................................<a href="#link170">...170</a>
+
+     The Death of Ellsworth................................<a href="#link043">...043</a>
+
+     The Frigate Cumberland Rammed by the Merrimac.........<a href="#link173">...173</a>
+
+     The Sister's Farewell.................................<a href="#link277">...277</a>
+
+     Thomas A Edison and His Talking Machine...............<a href="#link326">...326</a>
+
+     Troops Going to Manila................................<a href="#link373">...373</a>
+
+     Uncle Ned.............................................<a href="#link149">...149</a>
+
+     United States Military Wagon..........................<a href="#link035">...035</a>
+
+     Warning the Inhabitants...............................<a href="#link332">...332</a>
+
+     Wesley Merritt and His Staff..........................<a href="#link199">...199</a>
+
+     West Point............................................<a href="#link293">...293</a>
+
+     What Caused the War-The Negro and Cotton..............<a href="#link057">...057</a>
+
+     Wounding of General Stonewall Jackson.................<a href="#link178">...178</a>
+
+</pre>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_INTR" id="link2H_INTR"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      INTRODUCTION.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0007" id="linkimage-0007"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9021.jpg" alt="9021 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9021.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      OOKS without number have been written upon the Civil War. There will
+      probably be many more, for it is a fruitful theme. Many of them are
+      faithful and accurate presentations of the great deeds done in that war.
+      But whether large or small, they are all imbued with a desire to
+      perpetuate that love of our country which should become one of the
+      absorbing passions of the soul. It is a truth worth remembering&mdash;that
+      the man who is a traitor to his country will be a traitor to all the
+      relations of life.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our land, young as it is, has received an awful baptism of fire and blood.
+      It sprang into being amid the anguish of the Revolution, and before it had
+      achieved a century of freedom, it was plunged into one of the saddest
+      conflicts which ever desolated a nation&mdash;the conflict between
+      brothers, speaking the same tongue, living under the same government, and
+      enjoying the same great privileges. But from that terrible ordeal it has
+      emerged, and we are once more one in aim and purpose, and have taken our
+      stand among the proudest nations of the earth, their equal in intelligent
+      achievements, religion and progress.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The little book we offer our young readers is the simple story, told in
+      plain language, of a boy who was really in the army&mdash;one who left a
+      pleasant home, as did thousands of others, a mere lad, loving his native
+      land, knowing her need of strong hands and willing hearts to defend her.
+      His purpose was noble, his mind fresh and ready for impressions; the
+      scenes of those days are as ineffaceable as though written on marble, and
+      not even the corroding touch of time can eat them away. So the present
+      volume has been penned, that the boys and girls who read its pages may
+      know of the hardships and self-sacrifice of the boys of those days&mdash;how
+      cheerfully they enlisted to uphold the &ldquo;starry flag,&rdquo; whose folds shall
+      ever &ldquo;float o'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      There are other lessons to be taught, as well as that of courage alone;
+      the lessons of patriotism, of sacrifice, of respect for a government that
+      offers to all its protection so long as they obey its just and equitable
+      laws. No one doubts the courage of our boys, but they must remember that
+      there is a higher quality than mere bravery&mdash;regard for human life,
+      that' it be not destroyed wantonly, a respect for others' rights and
+      opinions, a readiness to submit to discipline, a willingness to yield up
+      life when honor and duty demand it. All these thoughts were impressed upon
+      the boy of our story, and made him a grander man for their lessons, when
+      the pursuits of peace claimed him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the boys and girls whose fathers and friends fought that a great
+      principle should live, to those whose dear ones fell in battle, or died of
+      wounds, to all who read this true history of one boy's life in the army,
+      we send forth this picture, the type of a true soldier, who did not love
+      war for its noise and glitter, but who conscientiously fought the battles
+      of his country because he revered her beneficent institutions. It was
+      there that he was taught what true freedom meant, and through all his
+      trials, his privations, he kept his faith in God and humanity undimmed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Such was our boy, and of such material heroes are made.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Publishers
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0003" id="link2H_4_0003"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h1>
+      THE CIVIL WAR AS SEEN BY A BOY.
+    </h1>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0001" id="link2HCH0001"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER I. THE BEGINNING OF WAR.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0008" id="linkimage-0008"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9023.jpg" alt="9023 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9023.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      HE early <span class="pagenum">[017]</span><a name="link017" id="link017"></a>spring
+      days of 1861 were dreams of beauty. The skies smiled blandly upon the
+      earth, and every heart was glad that the long winter was over, and the
+      charms of outdoor life could be enjoyed once more. Surely nature had done
+      her part in making men happy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A spirit of unrest and uncertainty, however, brooded in the air. The long
+      conflict between opposing ideas, which had waged so long and bitterly in
+      politics and churches, and through the columns of the press, had come to a
+      focus, and dread murmurs were abroad, of an impending war, and its
+      attendant horrors. Men looked in each other's faces, and asked, with sad
+      forebodings&mdash;&ldquo;What is coming next?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The South made ample preparations to seize two South Carolina forts,
+      Moultrie and Sumter, as early as December, 1860.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Lieutenant-Colonel Gardner was the commander of Fort Moultrie, and, loyal
+      to the government, he sent to Washington asking for reinforcements to help
+      him hold that fort. This request offended the Southern members of
+      Congress, who construed it into an insult, and demanded his removal. This
+      demand was acceded to by Secretary of War Floyd, and Major Robert Anderson
+      of Kentucky was appointed to supersede Colonel Gardner.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Major Anderson, <span class="pagenum">[018]</span><a name="link018"      id="link018"></a>faithful to the trust reposed in him by the government,
+      soon decided that Fort Moultrie could not be held against a vigorous
+      assault, and he moved his garrison secretly to Sumter, a fortress across
+      the harbor. This fort could not be approached by land, and, consequently,
+      from this fact, was deemed more secure against any opposing force. The
+      undertaking was a dangerous one. The harbor was full of guard boats,
+      vigilant and watchful, and only their supposition that the little rowboats
+      containing Major Anderson and his men were laborers going to the other
+      fort to work on it, prevented their detection and arrest.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0009" id="linkimage-0009"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0024m.jpg" alt="0024m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0024.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Moultrie's guns had been trained to protect this transfer in case the
+      Major's intention was discovered, and the fort, whose defense rendered the
+      gallant Anderson immortal, was occupied by his troops at only twenty
+      minutes' notice! We think that was the quickest &ldquo;moving time&rdquo; on record.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A siege gun which was turned upon Fort Sumter is shown on page 20. Its
+      carriage is broken, and it was thus rendered useless by the Confederates,
+      when they abandoned the fort in 1864.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      France <span class="pagenum">[019]</span><a name="link019" id="link019"></a>and
+      England would not acknowledge the South as an independent nation, but the
+      Confederate government did all possible to bring this about by sending
+      Messrs. James M. Mason of Virginia and John Slidell of Louisiana to London
+      and Paris with the hope that their claims would be recognized. Henry Ward
+      Beecher, when in the height of his fame, afterward went to England,
+      addressing immense audiences, and setting forth the true condition of
+      American affairs.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0010" id="linkimage-0010"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0025m.jpg" alt="0025m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0025.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The hope of the Southerners was that the government would allow a
+      peaceable withdrawal of the dissatisfied States, and that no bloodshed
+      would be necessary, but as time went by and the most active preparations
+      for keeping them in the Union were made by the general government, they
+      commenced hostilities, and the first gun of the war was fired by the
+      Confederates under General Beauregard on the morning of April 12, and
+      while the officers and men within the fort were eating their breakfast, a
+      perpetual bursting <span class="pagenum">[020]</span><a name="link020"      id="link020"></a>of shells and shot kept them awake to the fact that the
+      peace had been broken, and war had begun.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0011" id="linkimage-0011"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0026m.jpg" alt="0026m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0026.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      After breakfast the force was divided up into firing parties and the first
+      reply on the part of the Union was made by Captain Abner <span
+      class="pagenum">[021]</span><a name="link021" id="link021"></a>Doubleday.
+      But their guns were very light.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A bombardment followed, and on the 14th of April, 1861, General Robert
+      Anderson evacuated the fort.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0012" id="linkimage-0012"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9027m.jpg" alt="9027m " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9027.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+Blockade running was so common it became necessary to fit out out an
+expedition to close the most valuable of the openings, Hatteras Inlet.
+The first expedition projected for this purpuse was fitted out near
+Fortress Monroe and was under the command of Flag Officer Silas H.
+Stringham. The engagement lasted three hours with a complete victory for
+Stringham, and several blockade runners entered the inlet and were
+captured.
+</p>
+    <p>
+The news fell like a pall upon the North. It was impossible so many and
+old man urged, that Americans, our own people could be so disloyal. Why
+had they done it? What did it mean? And when, in consequence of this
+act, President Lincoln ordered them to disperse within twenty days, and
+called for 75,000 men from the various States, to enlist to &ldquo;suppress
+this combination against the laws,&rdquo; the response came swiftly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In every town and village the patriotic fires were kindled, and boys and
+      old men pressed on, side by side, willing to give their lives, if need be,
+      to uphold their country's flag.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[022]</span><a name="link022" id="link022"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0013" id="linkimage-0013"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0028m.jpg" alt="0028m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0028.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Many <span class="pagenum">[023]</span><a name="link023" id="link023"></a>a
+      smooth-cheeked lad, loved dearly and tenderly reared, went forth from his
+      home, never again to enter its portal. Alas, for those sad days!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0014" id="linkimage-0014"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9029.jpg" alt="9029 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9029.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Recruiting went swiftly on. Speech-making and passionate appeals to the
+      people were heard in every quarter of the North.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Women could not fight, but they could organize sewing societies, and work
+      untiringly for those who had gone to the front. Many an article found its
+      way to the army that was useful, and when blood had been spilled, these
+      same patient and tearful women sent lint, and bandages, and medicines, for
+      the sick and wounded.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As the call for soldiers awoke the boys and men of the North, so did a
+      like summons from their leaders arouse the spirit of the South. They had
+      orators in their midst, whose tones swayed them, and they, too, enlisted
+      to form an army which should repel the &ldquo;encroachments&rdquo; of those whom they
+      deemed their enemies.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Boys went forth from luxurious homes, and stood shoulder to shoulder with
+      the humblest, clad in the gray, all equally ready to sacrifice life and
+      home to their idea of duty.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      One <span class="pagenum">[024]</span><a name="link024" id="link024"></a>lad,
+      in his Western home, a dreamer thus far, the light of his widowed mother's
+      life, heard the war cry, and the blood tingled in his veins as he listened
+      to stirring arguments day by day, and saw one after another of his
+      companions leave their homes to join the forces that were being hurried
+      forward to headquarters.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0015" id="linkimage-0015"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0030m.jpg" alt="0030m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0030.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      He felt that<span class="pagenum">[025]</span><a name="link025"      id="link025"></a> he must go with them. Why not? His eye was as keen, his
+      brain as clear, his arm as strong to do whatever his country required of
+      him, as were theirs.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0016" id="linkimage-0016"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0031m.jpg" alt="0031m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0031.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      This longing haunted him by day and night, until it became unbearable. He
+      went to his mother, and with earnest words begged her to send him. Alas,
+      that mother was not equal to the task. <span class="pagenum">[026]</span><a
+      name="link026" id="link026"></a>She was loving, gentle and shrinking, and
+      when he urged her to let him go, her answer was&mdash;&ldquo;Ralph, you know not
+      what you ask. Do you forget that I am a Southern woman, whose childhoods
+      days were spent in that beautiful country? All my people are there. Would
+      you have me send my boy away to fight those I love, and whose feelings I
+      must share? You are asking too great a sacrifice at my hands.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Mother, it is true that you were born and educated there. But did you not
+      love my father so dearly that you left your home and all your friends to
+      come to the North with him, where I was born?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0017" id="linkimage-0017"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9032.jpg" alt="9032 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9032.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      A tender smile flitted across her still beautiful face. &ldquo;Yes, I did love
+      him,&rdquo; she said softly to herself, &ldquo;and I honor his memory. What shall I
+      do?&mdash;I cannot forget my dear childhood's home. It is too hard a
+      question for me to decide.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Let me decide for you, mother. You surely love your Northern home and
+      friends. The people of the South have fired upon our forts in Charleston
+      harbor, and driven the garrison away. I, too, am a Southerner in many
+      ways. Are you not my mother, and do you not know I honor every thought or
+      wish of yours?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;There must be some other way to bring them back, rather than by fighting.
+      War is a cruel and unnatural alternative. Why, they will be firing upon
+      their own people&mdash;like brothers in one family falling out, and
+      seeking to do each other deadly harm.&rdquo; <span class="pagenum">[027]</span><a
+      name="link027" id="link027"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0018" id="linkimage-0018"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0033m.jpg" alt="0033m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0033.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Ralph <span class="pagenum">[028]</span><a name="link028" id="link028"></a>was
+      silent. His heart burned with patriotic fire, and it seemed to him that it
+      was his duty to help swell the numbers of those who were ready to respond
+      to the President's call. But he also knew that his mother loved her early
+      home, and that it seemed to her unnatural for him to be so ready to take
+      up arms against &ldquo;her people,&rdquo; and he respected her too deeply to wound her
+      willingly. That mother had been gently born, and when she met the young
+      Northern lawyer, she had loved him from the first, and cheerfully shared
+      his humble but peaceful home. She was now left alone in the world, with
+      her three girls and this boy, the youngest. The fortunes of war were too
+      varying. She might never see him again, and how could she live without
+      him?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To Ralph was presented a problem that he was called unexpectedly to solve.
+      He pondered over it in the silence of night, and in the busy hours of day.
+      Was it right to fly in the face of his beloved mother's prejudices by
+      joining the Federal forces? On the one hand he felt that he, too, was
+      Southern in feeling and in birth. His father was a Northern man, and he
+      would uphold the old flag; but which side it was his duty to join, he
+      could not determine. He was resolved to go into one of the two armies. In
+      the crisis that had come, it was clearly every one's duty to come to the
+      front.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The boy talked with every one whom he could interest. He was not able to
+      study out the problem alone. One of his schoolmates had the proud
+      distinction of having an uncle who was a commissioned officer, and he took
+      the bold step of meeting him one day when he was walking past his home.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Sir,&rdquo; he said timidly, &ldquo;may I speak to you?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Certainly,&rdquo; the officer replied. And then and there he poured forth his
+      doubts, his desire to do what was right, his mother's objections&mdash;all,
+      he told the waiting gentleman whose opinion he so desired.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The officer laid his hand kindly on the boy's shoulder.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Your wish does you credit. The fortunes of war are too varying for me to
+      decide for you. Try and work out the proper answer yourself, and may you
+      be helped to make a wise decision.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Alas, <span class="pagenum">[029]</span><a name="link029" id="link029"></a>the
+      question was too hard for a boy like him to answer. He was humbly trying
+      to see where his duty lay, and then he was ready to enlist on whichever
+      side called him. On one hand was his mother and her early teachings, on
+      the other his dead father, with all his views. &ldquo;What side would <i>he</i>
+      choose were he here?&rdquo; was the ever-recurring thought in his anxious brain.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0019" id="linkimage-0019"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:30%;">
+      <img src="images/8035.jpg" alt="8035 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8035.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      But after weeks of this long, weary struggle, he decided to join the Union
+      army. His mother saw that he believed he was shirking a duty, and that he
+      longed for action.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      She thought she would make one more effort to change his purpose. She said
+      to him suddenly one day, when she saw his troubled face: &ldquo;Ralph, you are
+      only seventeen. You have never been away from your home, and know nothing
+      about hardships and privations. Do you think you could face a cannon, and
+      know that its deadly mouth might lay you low on the field, mangled and
+      torn?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Oh, mother, I never think of such things. If I enlist, I must take my
+      chances with the rest. I want to go with the other boys. Eddie Downing and
+      George Martin have and are going into camp to-morrow, at Readville.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;But will the government accept you? Eddie and George are three or four
+      years older than you. There are plenty of men, without taking a boy who is
+      his mother's chief comfort.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[030]</span><a name="link030" id="link030"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0020" id="linkimage-0020"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0036m.jpg" alt="0036m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0036.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I am strong and well. When I come back, you will be the proudest mother
+      in the land, to think you sent your boy away. I may go with your blessing,
+      may I not? That will protect me.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The <span class="pagenum">[031]</span><a name="link031" id="link031"></a>boy's
+      eyes were moist with emotion. His mother, with a sigh, gave her reluctant
+      consent, and though many a bitter tear was shed in the loneliness of her
+      room, she bravely hid them from the boy she loved.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Now that the decision was final, she made every preparation for the
+      comfort of the boy who was to leave them so soon. His sisters wept
+      continually&mdash;not a very cheerful parting, but Ralph was the idol of
+      his home.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Mother,&rdquo; he said to her a day or two after she had given her consent, &ldquo;do
+      not worry about me. I shall do my duty. This war <i>can't</i> last long.
+      Then I'll come back to you, and stay at home as long as I live, depend on
+      that.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      His beaming face half reassured her, and she began to share his
+      enthusiasm. He was enrolled as a soldier. Although his youth was at first
+      objected to, his earnestness carried the day, and he was told to report at
+      Camp Hale at once.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He was a real soldier at last! A genuine soldier, who must fight. He did
+      not belong to the would-be soldiers, such as they used to call the
+      &ldquo;militia,&rdquo; who simply paraded on the open green, or turned out on dress
+      occasions, with the curious for an audience, who would watch and be
+      astonished at their evolutions and their showy uniforms, when the Fourth
+      of July or kindred days made their demands upon them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In his neat-fitting suit of blue, the cap setting jauntily upon his head,
+      his musket in hand, and his belt with its bayonet buckled around him, he
+      looked so manly that a thrill of pride flashed o'er his mothers face, as
+      she looked at her boy, her Ralph, in his &ldquo;soldier clothes.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      But when the day came for him to leave the only home he had ever known,
+      and he turned to take a last look at its plain walls, his heart almost
+      failed him. His beloved mother stood in the doorway, her hands pressed
+      over her face, while she strove to keep back the choking sobs, as she bade
+      her boy&mdash;&ldquo;Good-bye, and may God bless and protect you.&rdquo; Those solemn
+      words came back to Ralph in many a lonely hour, and brought him
+      consolation and support.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus, <span class="pagenum">[032]</span><a name="link032" id="link032"></a>in
+      many homes, both North and South, were the heartstrings torn, as mothers
+      and sisters bade farewell to the boys in blue and gray, who went to the
+      front, to lay down their lives for duty's sake.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph was a proud boy when he joined his companions in camp, wearing the
+      blue uniform, with its shining buttons bearing the U. S. stamp upon them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0021" id="linkimage-0021"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0038m.jpg" alt="0038m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0038.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[033]</span><a name="link033" id="link033"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0022" id="linkimage-0022"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0039m.jpg" alt="0039m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0039.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      He was naturally retiring, but now he felt as if the eyes of the world
+      were upon him. He had taken an important step, and he would show his
+      friends and that great big world that he knew exactly what he was doing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Camp life was one continual drill&mdash;so it seemed to him. Readville was
+      a quiet little town, but its people were ablaze with patriotism, and the
+      &ldquo;boys in blue&rdquo; were the recipients of perpetual admiration. Every move
+      they made was noticed and approved, and it is not to be wondered at if
+      some of them did greedily swallow considerable flattery, which led them to
+      assume quite lofty airs.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The sameness of life in camp soon wearied, and Ralph longed for something
+      more stirring. When the bugle call rang out, every man sprang up, and,
+      after a hasty ablution, at a second call they made a charge upon their
+      breakfast with vehemence, and tin cups and plates rattled in a most
+      discordant fashion. Then the drill began; first with musket and rifle, and
+      then with the bayonet. A bayonet charge was a fierce reminder of the real
+      thing. When men meet the enemy with fixed bayonets, a dreadful slaughter
+      may always be counted on. This drilling was kept up at intervals, all
+      through the day; first in squads and companies, and then the entire
+      regiment would take part in the use of these weapons, and the various
+      evolutions that the drill-master taught.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph was very anxious to become proficient in their use, and while many
+      of the older men grumbled at this work, he kept on, learning at each
+      repetition something more of their actual value.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You'll have to know all about this,&rdquo; said Lieutenant Hopkins to them, or
+      you'll be in a nice hole when you're caught out in the field. &ldquo;We don't
+      know how soon we may be sent to the front, and then there won't be much
+      time for this sort of practice. It'll be march and fight then.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Way down in his heart this quiet stripling, hitherto jealously guarded
+      from a knowledge of the world by a fond mother and sisters, had his own
+      dreams of fame burning brightly and steadily. What if he could plan or
+      assist in some grand sortie, and be mentioned <span class="pagenum">[034]</span><a
+      name="link034" id="link034"></a>in the dispatches as &ldquo;the gallant private
+      of Company K&mdash;&mdash; Mass. Volunteers, whose valor turned the tide
+      and carried the day?&rdquo; Then probably he would be summoned before the
+      commanding officer, and honors would be thrust upon him. Perhaps, if he
+      kept on, he might be a general! What would the dear ones at home say then?
+      The picture was too brilliant; his head fairly grew dizzy at the prospect.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I'll tell you,&rdquo; he said to a comrade, &ldquo;we are in no danger of starving
+      here in camp, at any rate, if we don't have much variety.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;That's so. What's the matter with pork, beans, soup, bread, molasses
+      (here he made a wry face), rice and hard tack? If we get enough of these,
+      we'll pull through all right,&rdquo; his companion responded cheerfully.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;And we sleep as sound as kittens in our wooden bunks, with plenty of
+      straw for a bed, and our big army blankets over us,&rdquo; continued Ralph.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The pillows might be a little softer,&rdquo; said Harvey Phillips. &ldquo;Overcoats
+      doubled up ain't quite as easy shook up as feathers.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;No, but our captain tells me that we are living in clover just at
+      present. Wait till we go into a battle. Perhaps we'll come out without any
+      heads, then we won't need any pillows,&rdquo; laughed Ralph.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;That's true. Your easy times are right here just now,&rdquo; said a &ldquo;vet,&rdquo; who
+      had been in many a battle in the far West with the red men, and had &ldquo;smelt
+      powder&rdquo; to his heart's content. &ldquo;War looks very pretty on paper, with the
+      big fellows at Washington moving the men like they're at a chessboard, but
+      wait till the guns speak up on the field, and men to men are hurled
+      against each other, to fight like demons. The real thing ain't so
+      romantic, let me tell you youngsters.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You can't frighten us,&rdquo; said Harvey. &ldquo;We are no three months' men. We
+      enlisted for the war and we propose to see the war out.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Boys, I tell you war aren't no pastime. It means work, and hardest kind
+      of work, at that. It's a great thing to organize an army, and keep its
+      various parts in trim. We don't usually <span class="pagenum">[035]</span><a
+      name="link035" id="link035"></a>go out to fight the enemy with only a
+      flask of powder, and a knapsack filled with soda crackers. There are men
+      and horses and ammunition to carry along.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Who takes care of all these matters?&rdquo; asked Ralph.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0023" id="linkimage-0023"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0043m.jpg" alt="0043m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0043.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The quartermaster. He looks after the rations, the ammunition, in fact,
+      all the supplies&mdash;blankets for the men, medicines for the sick and
+      transportation for the baggage. He is usually a captain or a lieutenant.
+      The government appoints him.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Does he fight?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Oh, no. He's got no time for that. He has to look after the fellows who
+      do the fighting. The quartermasters have excitement and danger enough,
+      however, in protecting their stores They ain't like the sutlers.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[036]</span><a name="link036" id="link036"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0024" id="linkimage-0024"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0044m.jpg" alt="0044m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0044.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;What is a sutler?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;He's a chap that gets permission from the government to carry things to
+      sell to the soldiers. He furnishes them at his own expense, and then
+      trades and sells them to the boys.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Is he a soldier?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Not much. You don't see him in the battlefield. He takes good care not to
+      interfere in any skirmishes going on. Somehow, the smell of powder don't
+      agree with him.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Then he goes to war to make money?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;That's <span class="pagenum">[037]</span><a name="link037" id="link037"></a>just
+      what he does. He oftener loses it, though, and then his friends don't cry
+      nor take up a collection for him. Still, he's generally a good sort of a
+      fellow. He's obliging and always willing to trust a man. Often the boys
+      help themselves to his goods without his leave, and then he's out that
+      much. He has his ups and downs like the rest of us.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0025" id="linkimage-0025"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0045m.jpg" alt="0045m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0045.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0002" id="link2HCH0002"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER II. ORDERED TO WASHINGTON.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0026" id="linkimage-0026"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9046.jpg" alt="9046 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9046.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      AMP life <span class="pagenum">[038]</span><a name="link038" id="link038"></a>was
+      pleasant, aside from the perpetual drilling, marching and countermarching.
+      Friends had access to the boys at stated times, little gifts and pledges
+      were exchanged, and the time passed swiftly. One day there was great
+      excitement. Coffee was swallowed hastily, knapsacks were packed in a
+      hurry, arms were brightened up, ammunition was dealt out, and the word ran
+      through the camp&mdash;&ldquo;We are ordered to report at Washington.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Now I shall know something of what is going on. Poor mother, she will
+      grieve over her absent boy, and fancy me in a thousand dangers. But I will
+      write to her often, that will cheer her up.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      And he did. Many a line he scribbled on his knee with a bit of pencil or a
+      blackened stick, telling her of his safety and health. These short but
+      welcome missives were read over and over, and fondly kissed, the dear
+      little messengers of love and hope.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The war cloud was growing darker. The government arsenal at Harper's Ferry
+      had been burned by Lieutenant Jones, who knew it would lessen its value to
+      the Southern forces, who were marching upon the town. The latter, however,
+      saved considerable of the government property, and next seized the bridge
+      at Point of Rocks, thus circumventing General Butler, who was near
+      Baltimore. They also took possession of several trains, which they
+      side-tracked into Strasburg, a measure which helped the Confederate train
+      service in Virginia very perceptibly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The ride of the boys in blue to Washington lay through the mountains of
+      West Virginia, where nature revels in grand surprises. Many a little cabin
+      perched far up the hillside was the home <span class="pagenum">[039]</span><a
+      name="link039" id="link039"></a>of those who had shed tears when old John
+      Brown was led forth to die. Poor and scanty though their daily fare was,
+      they were loyal and true, and the spirit of defiance to the old flag found
+      no echoes in their breasts.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0027" id="linkimage-0027"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0047m.jpg" alt="0047m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0047.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      To Ralph the scenery appealed with deep solemnity. He was born in the
+      West, where the green seas of the prairies seemed to know <span
+      class="pagenum">[040]</span><a name="link040" id="link040"></a>no limit.
+      To him hills and valleys, with their somber shadows, were objects of awe.
+      He noted the beautiful homes of wealth and taste as he was whirled swiftly
+      by on the train. He saw the black faces of slaves working in garden or
+      field, and heard their voices as they talked.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0028" id="linkimage-0028"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0048m.jpg" alt="0048m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0048.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Fore de Lawd!&rdquo; he heard a grizzled old darkey say, as they drew into a
+      small station for water, &ldquo;pears like dey look jess like de white folks do
+      down here!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You 'spected dey had horns, didn't you? Well, I knowed better. I'se been
+      Norf wid Massa too many times to take in dat <i>idee</i>.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Washington, the capital of the nation, was reached. As they <span
+      class="pagenum">[041]</span><a name="link041" id="link041"></a>steamed
+      into the depot, and began to unload, Ralph, for the first time since
+      leaving home, felt lonely. He saw throngs of people, but all was strange
+      and new to him, and his heart sank. The city was full of soldiers waiting
+      for orders, so full that it was a puzzle where to quarter them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0029" id="linkimage-0029"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9049.jpg" alt="9049 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9049.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The Government buildings were full to overflowing, they &ldquo;bunked&rdquo;
+       every-where, and wild pranks these boys played, their love of fun leading
+      them into many a mad frolic. The city was too small for their mischievous
+      natures, and it was no uncommon thing to make a trip into the surrounding
+      territory, bent on extorting all the sport they might out of what most of
+      them regarded as a sort of a gala time. &ldquo;But we are ready whenever we are
+      called upon,&rdquo; was their unanimous cry. The shooting of Colonel Ellsworth
+      at Alexandria, because he tore down a secession flag, so short a time
+      previous, and his prompt avenging, as you remember, had roused them to a
+      sense of the hostility which was felt by those who sought to divide the
+      North and South. Then the attack of the mob of Baltimore upon the Sixth
+      Massachusetts, <span class="pagenum">[042]</span><a name="link042"      id="link042"></a>while being transported from one depot to another, was
+      another proof that their brothers of the South had trampled friendly
+      feelings beneath their feet, and that the fires of sectional jealousy were
+      burning fiercely.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0030" id="linkimage-0030"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0050m.jpg" alt="0050m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0050.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Their journey lay through a hostile State, and sober faces succeeded the
+      jokes and laughter of the past few weeks. The South was plainly up in
+      arms, and that &ldquo;rebellion,&rdquo; which the whole North at first thought but the
+      task of a few weeks to crush, began to assume the appearance and
+      proportions of a long and cruel conflict.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      General Butler was in command of the military department of Virginia.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0031" id="linkimage-0031"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:30%;">
+      <img src="images/8051.jpg" alt="8051 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8051.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Wonder <span class="pagenum">[043]</span><a name="link043" id="link043"></a>if
+      that means fight?&rdquo; soliloquized Ralph. &ldquo;The lads say he is a smart lawyer,
+      but I don't know as that proves him to be a good fighter.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph wrote often to that dear mother who was praying for her boy. &ldquo;We
+      move to the front to-morrow,&rdquo; so his letter ran. &ldquo;I know how fond you are
+      of your boy. I am going to do my duty, I believe. But is it not an awful
+      thought that it is no foreign foe we shall meet, but our own people?&mdash;that
+      is the sting in it to me.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The night before the battle the boys slept as calmly as if they were at
+      home. At dawn they were called to march, and after an attack upon their
+      rations, they began the advance into Virginia. Raw and undisciplined, they
+      did not accept the gravity of the situation. They marched along,
+      light-hearted and gay, enjoying the change from quiet camp life with all
+      the zest of school boys. Many of them fell out of the ranks and picked the
+      luscious berries growing thickly by the wayside, while others wastefully
+      tossed out the water in their <span class="pagenum">[044]</span><a
+      name="link044" id="link044"></a>canteens and filled them with fresh every
+      time they came to one of the springs which abounded in that beautiful and
+      fertile region.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;This isn't hard work,&rdquo; Ralph thought. &ldquo;We are having more fun than ever.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      A halt had been called for a few moments' rest. A few rods from the road a
+      dark stream ran slowly by, whose depths no one knew. A swim in its cool
+      waters was proposed at any hazard, and, quickly disrobing, some of the
+      younger ones plunged in, and were having a merry time, when the roll of
+      the drum was heard and the marching was resumed. Here was a fix! The army
+      began to move, and a dozen soldiers were still in the stream, who snatched
+      up the first garments they saw and hastened to dress. In their confusion
+      they had almost to a man seized the wrong clothes, and the fit of some of
+      them was ludicrous. But changes were quickly made, and after much
+      good-natured &ldquo;chaffing&rdquo; they fell into line, and were as sedate and
+      soldierlike as any &ldquo;vet&rdquo; among them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The cry, &ldquo;On to Richmond!&rdquo; sounded throughout the land.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Officers and soldiers had been massed near Washington long enough, and the
+      people, as well as the boys in blue, were impatient tor some results, now
+      that an army had been called into being. The soldiers pined for action;
+      the people were anxious to know what would be the outcome.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Who commands the Southerners?&rdquo; Ralph asked old &ldquo;Bill&rdquo; Elliott, a soldier
+      who had taken quite a fancy to the boy, and was ready to answer his
+      questions at all times.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Beauregard, the same chap who opened fire on Fort Sumter.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;And what does he propose doing now?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Well, as I am not in his confidence, I can't just tell you, but I 'low
+      we're not going to be in the dark long, neither are we likely to be the
+      gainers by any move he makes if he can help it. He's got some thirty
+      thousand men with him, and we'll have a lively time soon, you bet.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The <span class="pagenum">[045]</span><a name="link045" id="link045"></a>men
+      want a brush, I think, from what they say. They're becoming tired of
+      waiting.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0033" id="linkimage-0033"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0053m.jpg" alt="0053m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0053.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;And so does the country; but they don't know how much easier it is to
+      talk war than to be in it. What does the man who stays at home know about
+      the dangers and trials of a soldier's life? How is he capable of judging
+      whether it is time to fight or where it is best to strike, or how many
+      odds a general of an army has against him? We'll have war enough before
+      long&mdash;they needn't fear.&rdquo; <span class="pagenum">[046]</span><a
+      name="link046" id="link046"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0034" id="linkimage-0034"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0054m.jpg" alt="0054m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0054.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Well, <span class="pagenum">[047]</span><a name="link047" id="link047"></a>I
+      suppose we'll some of us be in it soon, and who knows how many of us will
+      come out?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0035" id="linkimage-0035"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0055m.jpg" alt="0055m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0055.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Why, boy, you're not showing the white feather, I hope!' and Bill peered
+      anxiously into the lad's troubled face.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;No, <span class="pagenum">[048]</span><a name="link048" id="link048"></a>sir,
+      I am not, but I can't help thinking of my poor mother, and, besides, you
+      know I am going to fight her people. My mother is a Virginian.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Is that so? I know, then, she must feel bad have you in our army. I can't
+      blame her, nuther.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;But she's loyal to our flag, Bill,&rdquo; the boy hastened to add. &ldquo;It would
+      break her heart, though, if anything should happen to me.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Cheer up! You'll get through all right. I can feel it in my bones.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph laughed. &ldquo;Why, of course I shall. It seems to me this war won't be a
+      very long one.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Perhaps not&mdash;you can't tell. But McClellan taught the Johnnies a
+      lesson at the 'races' the other day.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The 'races?'&rdquo; Ralph's eyes opened wide.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Yes, the 'Philippi races,'&rdquo; Bill went on. &ldquo;The Confeds ran so fast from
+      our boys at that battle that they dubbed their retreat the 'Philippi
+      races,' in honor of the speed they showed. He has been made a general, and
+      given the Ohio troops to command. He crossed the Ohio with four regiments
+      and banged after the enemy. He found it hard work, for they say Colonel
+      Porterfield burned all the bridges. He wasn't long in putting them in
+      order, though, and getting over some big reinforcements. He routed them at
+      Philippi and at Rich Mountain. Government ought to remember him, I tell
+      you.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      And it did, for &ldquo;Little Mac,&rdquo; as he was called, was made
+      commander-in-chief of the Army of the Potomac. <span class="pagenum">[049]</span><a
+      name="link049" id="link049"></a>
+    </p>
+
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0003" id="link2HCH0003"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER III. RALPH'S FIRST BATTLE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0038" id="linkimage-0038"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9057.jpg" alt="9057 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9057.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      T Washington all sorts of rumors were plenty. It was generally known,
+      however, that General Beauregard was making for Bull Run, where the stream
+      presented a natural barrier. General McDowell left Washington with a
+      force, whose accompaniments of civilians, following the marching columns
+      on foot, reporters, congressmen and idle sight-seers in carriages, was a
+      motley and curious sight. Everyone declared this to be the battle which
+      was to close out the rebellion, and all were jubilant at the prospect.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On the army pressed under the brave McDowell, who was planning to execute
+      a flank movement upon the Confederates' left. A two hours' engagement
+      routed the Rebels, who fled before the Union charge.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The victory seemed to the Federal troops an easy one, but Generals
+      Johnston and Beauregard took the field in person, and, planting their
+      artillery in a piece of woods, they held the open plateau across which the
+      Federals were advancing, wholly at their mercy. General McDowell could see
+      nothing of this, owing to the shape of the ground, only by mounting to the
+      top of the Henry House, where they took their stand, and where the attack
+      was resumed in the afternoon.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[051]</span><a name="link051" id="link051"></a>
+      The men on both sides were raw troops; they had not become the machines
+      that after fighting made them. This was to most of them their first
+      encounter, and as shot and shell flew rapidly by them, as the Union men
+      advanced over the open ground upon the enemy, who were concealed within
+      the woods, only to be picked off, one by one, by the Confederate
+      sharpshooters, who took the gunners at their batteries, they became
+      disheartened.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0039" id="linkimage-0039"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0058m.jpg" alt="0058m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0058.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0040" id="linkimage-0040"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0059m.jpg" alt="0059m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0059.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The <span class="pagenum">[052]</span><a name="link052" id="link052"></a>
+      fight in the forenoon had exhausted them, and they were unprepared for the
+      work still to be done.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The battle was fierce; men were falling like hail, in all the agonies of
+      death. Here a drummer boy was lying face downward, his stiff hand
+      clutching the stick whose strokes would never wake the echoes again. There
+      an officer, his uniform dyed with blood, lay prostrate on the ground, his
+      horse half across his stiffening body, while at every turn the wounded
+      were huddled together, in the positions in which they fell.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0041" id="linkimage-0041"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0060m.jpg" alt="0060m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0060.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Ralph's heart turned sick, as he saw the brave fellows who manned the
+      batteries tumbling over each other, many of them shot through the heart,
+      as the Confederates, tempted by their success, stole nearer to the guns.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Captain Griffin, who made the sad mistake of thinking the troops were his
+      own men coming to his aid, permitted the nearer approach of the
+      Confederates. He discovered his error when a volley of musketry took
+      nearly every gunner and stretched Lieutenant Ramsay low in death, as the
+      rebels rushed in and seized the guns.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[053]</span><a name="link053" id="link053"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0042" id="linkimage-0042"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0061m.jpg" alt="0061m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0061.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The <span class="pagenum">[054]</span><a name="link054" id="link054"></a>fighting
+      went pluckily on; both sides were in deadly earnest. The batteries seemed
+      to be the coveted prize, and they were taken and retaken, first by one
+      army, and then the other.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Worn and harassed, in the confusion that ensued, regiments and companies
+      became mixed, and thousands of men lost track of their companies and
+      wandered about, not knowing where they belonged.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the dense smoke that covered the battle ground, Ralph became lost, and,
+      making a short turn, found a clump of trees with a thick growth of
+      underbrush. He heard voices, and threw himself flat upon the ground,
+      determined not to be taken prisoner.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Wonder what General Beauregard's next move will be?&rdquo; The tones were low
+      and even.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Well, Lieutenant, we cannot know at present, but it is certain we have
+      taught the Yanks a lesson this day. They'll never forget Johnston's
+      brigade. They were so sure of whipping us. It was a hot battle, and three
+      or four times I thought we had lost. Those fellows fight well, but they're
+      no match for the South. What's the matter over there? See, our men are
+      retreating. Don't they know we've won the day?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      It was true. So many times had the victory changed hands, that it was hard
+      to tell who had won finally and it looked as if the Confederate line was
+      breaking.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Jeff Davis' heart sank as he came up from Manassas and found that hundreds
+      of Confederates, under the impulse of fear, were fleeing to the rear. He
+      kept on, only to find that the Northern army was in full retreat, and the
+      battle of Bull Run was a bitter defeat for the Federals.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph lay there in ambush, pale with dread. He feared capture more than
+      death. He rose quickly as the two officers galloped away, to stay their
+      men, and looked upon the scene. Lines of men in blue and gray stretched
+      away in the distance, while the noise of the guns, the neighing of
+      wounded, horses, the huzzas of the victors, drowning the groans of the
+      wounded, made him faint with horror, and his cheeks grew white as he saw
+      men lying on their backs, their glassy eyes staring up to the sky, <span
+      class="pagenum">[055]</span><a name="link055" id="link055"></a>their faces
+      ghastly and white, and peaceful, or else distorted with pain. Here a
+      wounded soldier would half raise himself on one arm, and beg for water,
+      while others, bleeding and dying, lay uncomplainingly, their eyes fixed on
+      the blue sky, which nevermore would greet their waking vision.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0043" id="linkimage-0043"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0063m.jpg" alt="0063m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0063.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      In the dim light he saw all this, and knew not where to go. The terrible
+      sights and hideous silence which succeeded the noise of conflict sickened
+      him, and Ralph, the brave soldier boy, actually fainted.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;What's this? Why, it's Ralph! Is he killed?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The tones sounded, to the boy's benumbed senses, far away, as a <span
+      class="pagenum">[056]</span><a name="link056" id="link056"></a>heavily
+      bearded man knelt down and placed his hand upon his heart. He saw it was
+      Bill, and the flush of mortification mounted to his brow, as he tried to
+      rise.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I was weak&mdash;dizzy&mdash;and I&mdash;&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I know all about it!&rdquo; good-humoredly laughed Bill Elliott, for he it was.
+      &ldquo;This is your first appearance, and you had a sort of a stage fright.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph bit his lips with vexation.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Oh, that's nothing. You'll make a better showing next time. You'll live
+      to be a brigadier-general. But I was kinder rattled myself when I saw you
+      so still. I didn't know but some fellow had tuk good aim at you!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I'm not hurt in the least, Bill.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Well, boy, come on. We've been whipped bad, and are most unpleasantly
+      nigh those fellows with the guns over thar, and as I'm pretty tall, they
+      might choose me for a mark, just to keep their hands in.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The Federal army, broken and defeated, straggled back to Washington,
+      footsore, dirty and hungry. No battle during the war was fought with more
+      desperation, and bravery was shown by both sides&mdash;the Union and the
+      Confederate.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And though the defeat of General McDowell's forces was a blow to the pride
+      of the North, it carried a valuable lesson; that the South would not be
+      persuaded back to its old allegiance.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the boys of this generation slavery is almost a myth. But when the
+      Civil War broke out the blacks were held in bondage to masters who had
+      acquired them by purchase or inheritance, and thus they represented
+      property or wealth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The South bitterly resented any interference with an institution which
+      many of them honestly regarded as divine. In the North opinion was
+      divided, some believing slavery to be wrong, but that it would gradually
+      die out. All classes were unwilling that it should be extended into new
+      territory.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This difference of opinion led to the conflict which caused brave men to
+      take up arms and arrayed brother against brother, in defense of what each
+      believed to be just and fair.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[057]</span><a name="link057" id="link057"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0044" id="linkimage-0044"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0065m.jpg" alt="0065m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0065.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0004" id="link2HCH0004"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IV. RALPH DOES PICKET DUTY.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0045" id="linkimage-0045"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9066.jpg" alt="9066 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9066.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      LD Bill was a little fearful, spite of Ralph's protestations, <span
+      class="pagenum">[058]</span><a name="link058" id="link058"></a>lest his
+      boy, as he dubbed him, was going to show the white feather, after all, and
+      so he kept him well under his eye.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I don't want the tarnal little rascal skipping, for it 'ud go hard with
+      him to be caught. They'd shoot him sure.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      But he didn't know the true mettle of the boy. He was no coward, if he did
+      turn sick at the scenes of his first battle, and he was a lad of honor,
+      and would have died before he would leave his post.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      So he felt a little down-hearted when orders came for a detail from
+      Company K to turn out for picket duty. The men themselves felt rather blue
+      at this news, for they were worn out and disheartened by their late
+      tussle, but they didn't expect their wishes would be considered in the
+      matter. Ralph's eyes gleamed with joy, for he longed for adventure.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Bill, I believe you think I am cowardly. You'll change your mind soon, I
+      know.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      That individual grimly responded: &ldquo;Picket duty is a very cheerful way of
+      passing one's time, but I guess you'll do.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The picket line was twelve miles distant, and as the men got into line,
+      the air and the excitement infused courage into Ralph's breast. They had
+      been ordered out to relieve a regiment which had seen some hard work, and
+      who were anxious to get into shelter.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[059]</span><a name="link059" id="link059"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0046" id="linkimage-0046"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0067m.jpg" alt="0067m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0067.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The newcomers were told what spots needed the most watching, and as soon
+      as they were stationed at their posts and received <span class="pagenum">[060]</span><a
+      name="link060" id="link060"></a>the necessary instructions, they settled
+      down to the importance of the duty assigned them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The woods lay behind them, and each picket sought their friendly shelter,
+      well aware that any &ldquo;change of base&rdquo; on their part would be an invitation
+      to the enemy to pick them off.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Memories of home filled Ralph's breast. The night was dark and starless. A
+      strong wind blew at intervals, now howling dismally through the trees, and
+      then shifting its course, rushing down the bank, as if it would rend the
+      earth and the tall grass in its anger.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I wonder if mother thinks of her soldier boy,&rdquo; he pondered.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When does a mother ever cease to think of and pray for her children?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The night wore on. Perfect quiet reigned, and Ralph began to consider
+      picket duty not half so risky as Old Bill called it, after all. But as he
+      kept his eyes on the opposite bank, where the &ldquo;Johnnies&rdquo; were, he fancied
+      he saw a small dark object creeping through the grass down to the river,
+      where it seemed to be looking up and down its shore. His heart beat
+      fiercely. What was it? he asked himself. Was it a man or some animal
+      hiding in the grass? If it were a reb, he would be shot dead, at the least
+      move on his part&mdash;that he well knew.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      I am afraid you will not think my boy was much of a hero, but the truth
+      is, he was very much in love with life, as all young people should be,
+      and, though willing to do his whole duty, he could not help feeling a
+      trifle nervous about his surroundings, so he stooped quickly down behind a
+      tall bush that appeared to be growing there just for his benefit.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The object on which his gaze was fixed seemed so small that he almost
+      laughed aloud at his own fears.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Why, it's only a dog that's strayed into camp,&rdquo; he said.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Wonder if they fatten him on hard tack.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      His gaze was riveted upon the dark mass, and his surprise nearly found
+      vent in a low whistle, which he speedily checked, as he saw a man or a boy
+      steal noiselessly along the bank, till he came <span class="pagenum">[061]</span><a
+      name="link061" id="link061"></a>to a place where the grass was tangled and
+      thick, and stooping down he pulled a wide board from its hiding-place, and
+      picking up a long piece of wood which lay there, he stepped on the plank
+      and commenced to paddle across the stream.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph lay in the grass behind the bush, breathlessly watching the
+      approaching figure. Suddenly a dog began to bark on the opposite shore,
+      and the man on the plank gave utterance to a low, angry exclamation. The
+      dog stopped barking, and the stranger came slowly on, till his novel craft
+      touched the shore within five feet of Ralph.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He saw to his amazement that it was a boy, even younger than himself, it
+      seemed in the dim light, and he waited breathlessly till he came closer,
+      and was halted by Ralph's gun, which he brought sharply against the
+      other's breast, while his own was on fire with excitement, as he cried
+      aloud&mdash;&ldquo;Halt&mdash;you are my prisoner!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      For a moment these two boys faced each other; then the stranger threw his
+      head proudly back, and, with a gesture of impatience, replied:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I will not be made a prisoner&mdash;I am merely going about my own
+      business.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;And that business is to spy upon our lines!&rdquo; Ralph said hotly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Take me to your superior officer. I can soon convince him that I am doing
+      no harm,&rdquo; answered the boy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A stir ran through the picket lines, as the news was passed on that a
+      rebel spy had been captured, and soon the lad, whose proud carriage and
+      haughty face involuntarily commanded attention, was at headquarters, where
+      to all questioning he remained dumb, after telling an apparently truthful
+      story that he was crossing the river to visit an old uncle, and knew
+      nothing of the movements of either army.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;This 'old uncle' is one I fancy we'd better try to unearth,&rdquo; said Colonel
+      Tuttle. &ldquo;His acquaintance would be worth cultivating.&rdquo; <span
+      class="pagenum">[062]</span><a name="link062" id="link062"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0047" id="linkimage-0047"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0070m.jpg" alt="0070m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0070.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The boy would give no further account of himself. His frank, boyish face
+      and manly bearing impressed the officer of the day favorably, and he
+      muttered to himself&mdash;&ldquo;Wonder if he is a spy. If all the Johnnies are
+      as brave and resolute as this youth we'll have to work hard to conquer
+      them.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      An opinion which he found cause to verify often.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0005" id="link2HCH0005"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER V. RALPH AT HEADQUARTERS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0048" id="linkimage-0048"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9071.jpg" alt="9071 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9071.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      OU'RE in <span class="pagenum">[063]</span><a name="link063" id="link063"></a>luck,
+      my boy,&rdquo; and Bill Elliott's face showed genuine pleasure as he shook hands
+      with Ralph. &ldquo;You are to show yourself at headquarters and receive your
+      reward, as the good boys in story books always do.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      An orderly came up to Ralph, and said:&mdash;&ldquo;You are wanted at
+      headquarters.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph proceeded to the officers' tent. For the first time he stood in the
+      presence of his commanding officers, and as he saluted respectfully, a
+      tall, kindly-faced man looked at him with some surprise.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;How old are you?&rdquo; was the abrupt query, as the officer looked in the
+      beardless face of the boy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Nearly eighteen, sir.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Have you seen any service yet?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I was at Bull Run.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The fine face clouded with sadness. &ldquo;That was hard and tedious fighting.
+      You brought in a prisoner last night, whom we have strong reasons to
+      believe is a rebel spy. You have shown two qualities befitting a soldier&mdash;pluck
+      and forgetfulness of self. Your captain commends you to me, and I have
+      thought proper to make you a corporal.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph's heart beat loud and fast. What had he done to deserve this honor?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Your warrant will be handed to you, and you are expected to attend
+      strictly to all its requirements.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      To a general or a colonel the promotion would not seem very exalted; but
+      to this boy, who could not realize why he had been selected, it was as if
+      he had suddenly been lifted into the seventh <span class="pagenum">[064]</span><a
+      name="link064" id="link064"></a>heaven To be sure, it only meant two
+      stripes on his jacket sleeve, and a trifle of authority, but it also meant
+      encouragement and notice from his superiors, He could not answer, but,
+      bowing low, he left the tent.
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9072m.jpg" alt="9072m " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9072.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;A board of inquiry must be appointed at once, and we'll see what this lad
+      whom Corporal Gregory brought in is doing within our lines.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The boy was marched before them, but he parried all their questions, and
+      maintained a resolute and fearless mien.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I have told you the truth,&rdquo; he said proudly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I was going to make a visit when I was seized. You see I have no
+      weapons.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Spies do not always carry arms. Papers are more to their taste. You say
+      you came to see an uncle. Where does he live? Why did you visit him at
+      night?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I knew <span class="pagenum">[065]</span><a name="link065" id="link065"></a>that
+      the enemy lay near us, and I didn't want to be taken prisoner.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Where is this uncle?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;He lives back of the bluff, on the right hand side of the road.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We'll invite him into our camp, and see if he'll own the relationship.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0049" id="linkimage-0049"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0073m.jpg" alt="0073m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0073.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The boy's face flushed with wounded pride, as he answered scornfully:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We call our old servants uncle and aunt. He is an old colored man, and
+      lives on this side of the river&mdash;one of our old slaves, whom my
+      father freed.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We'll send you to the guard-house until more is known about you,&rdquo; was the
+      stern retort.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The boy was removed to the guard-house. To Ralph he was <span
+      class="pagenum">[066]</span><a name="link066" id="link066"></a>an object
+      of much interest. His sympathies went out to him and he longed to say
+      something comforting.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And so when his turn to act as corporal of the guard, with the abrupt
+      frankness of youth, he blurted out:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;What were you doing over here the other night?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0050" id="linkimage-0050"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0074m.jpg" alt="0074m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0074.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I have given an account of myself to your superiors.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Don't be so lofty. I don't mean to be inquisitive, but I thought you
+      might like to know that I am awful sorry I brought you into this trouble.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The boys face softened.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I don't know as you could do anything else under the circumstances. <span
+      class="pagenum">[067]</span><a name="link067" id="link067"></a>I suppose,
+      in fact, I know, I'd have done just as you did. Perhaps worse,&rdquo; he
+      muttered. &ldquo;I might have shot you.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Then you don't hold any grudge against me?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Well, I can't pretend that I'm grateful to you for my detention in this
+      hole, but I can't blame you, either.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Were you really going to see the old slave you told the colonel about?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      An indescribable expression flitted across the boy's features. &ldquo;I said so
+      once. My word is usually taken, where I am known. Why do you ask?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Oh, from curiosity, I suppose. You look too young to be very dangerous.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I'm as old as you are. You look too young to be carrying arms against
+      your countrymen.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Oh, I'm going to help put down this rebellion.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;A hard job you've selected. It is not a rebellion; it's an uprising
+      against meddlesome Yankee interference.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph's eyes flashed fire. &ldquo;You don't mean to say that you justify the
+      South, do you?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I not only justify it, but am proud to belong to a people who can never
+      be subdued. Your people are trying to force us to give up our rights, but
+      we won't be driven. We have thousands of men in the field, who do not know
+      how to fear. And when their places are vacant, more are waiting to fill
+      them. We despise the North, and want to be a separate people.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You despise a government that has always protected you in all your
+      rights. You have no cause for wishing to be disunited. How dare you talk
+      so to me?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;'Dare?' Am I not your equal? Why should I not speak when I am insulted?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Don't talk treason to me again, then.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I am a prisoner,&rdquo; the boy said, sadly, &ldquo;innocent of any crime, surrounded
+      by foes and powerless. Were it not so you would not give me a defiance.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph's conscience smote him. It did appear as if the odds were on <span
+      class="pagenum">[068]</span><a name="link068" id="link068"></a>his side,
+      and with the quick generosity of youth he said&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I am sorry for you. We will not quarrel.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Not to be outdone in generosity, the other replied&mdash;&ldquo;I believe you;
+      but we had better not talk about it any more, for we can never agree, and
+      we are both hot-headed. You see affairs in a different light from what I
+      do, that is all.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The next day the youth was rigidly examined. He gave his name as Charles
+      Arlington, stated that he was merely crossing the river to look after the
+      old slave; that he had chosen the night-time as he heard the Union pickets
+      were thrown out, and he did not think, with his knowledge of the stream,
+      that he would be captured in the darkness. Meantime, the soldiers had been
+      searching, and had found an old half imbecile negro in a little cabin half
+      a mile back from the river, whom they brought into camp, shaking with
+      fear.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Old man,&rdquo; one of the soldiers said, &ldquo;do you know this boy?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Yas, honey. I knows him well. I'se old Marsa Thomas' boy. I bin on his
+      old plantation since he was a baby. His mud-der was one of de&mdash;&mdash;&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Say, we don't care who his mother was. What do you know about the boy
+      standing there?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Yas, yas, I knows lots. Why, he was de littlest pickaninny of de hull
+      lot, and his father he say to me, 'Jim'&mdash;I was young and strong den&mdash;'Jim,
+      dis yere boy's gwine to be your young mastah some day, if he ebber grows
+      big enuff. And I tole him de sweetest posies were always small, like de
+      vi'lets and lilies ob de valley, and&mdash;&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You black rascal, we don't want a dissertation on flowers. Tell us about
+      the young man standing there.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Yas, marsa, but you tole me to tell you all 'bout him, and doan't I hab
+      to begin at the beginning?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Well, go on,&rdquo; the Colonel interposed. <span class="pagenum">[069]</span><a
+      name="link069" id="link069"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0051" id="linkimage-0051"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0077m.jpg" alt="0077m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0077.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Dat ar chile dere was de idle of Massa Thomas' heart. My old woman,
+      Easter, who's dun been dead dese free years, nussed him. <span
+      class="pagenum">[070]</span><a name="link070" id="link070"></a>And when
+      she died she cried mo' for leabing him alone in dis cold world dan she did
+      fer me. You see de boy's mudder was put under de roses when he was only a
+      few days in de world, and Easter she lubbed him mo' fer dat. Oh, de old
+      times kaint come back no mo'. Marsa Thomas is in de war wid Gineral
+      Johnston, and 'fore he went he say to me&mdash;'Jim, you'se been a faiful
+      old servant, and I gibs you yo freedom.' 'I doan't want it, Marsa,' I say.
+      'Let me lib and die wid you,' 'Yo neber shall want,' he kep' on, 'go lib
+      in de little cabin toder side ob de ribber. You know he owns bof sides ob
+      dis yere big plantation. 'Go lib dar, and de chilluns will look arter
+      you.' An' bress dere hearts, dey all does care for po' old Jim. But I fell
+      sick wid some sort ob a feber, and de rest ob 'em got a little scared
+      like, all but dis yere chile. He neber left me till I done got well and
+      able to hoe my leetle truck patch. And now he's tuk a prisoner, fer being
+      kind to de po' ole man, who won't lib many years longer, to git him into
+      trubble.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The old man's withered features shone with a light that was beautiful; his
+      utterance was choked, and the tears rolled down his black cheeks as his
+      simple eloquence found its way to the hearts of those who heard him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Sergeant, release the boy and let him go home. And while we stay here,
+      see that the old man is not molested.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Praise de Lawd! Bress you for yore kindness.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The boy bowed courteously to the Colonel, and with a look of gratitude he
+      passed out of the officer's tent, with the old man hobbling after him. As
+      he approached Ralph he said, &ldquo;Goodbye. We may meet again.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      It was not all danger and dread with the boys in the army. Weeks passed
+      swiftly, and fun reigned in camp. The gypsy life held charms for them such
+      as no indoor employment could offer. The men were hardy and strong, and
+      with light hearts talked of the battles yet in store for them. And when
+      jests were exchanged, often after having come from a scene of carnage, it
+      would be hard to believe that these same men were ready to respond at any
+      moment if summoned by the long roll of the drum into action.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In <span class="pagenum">[071]</span><a name="link071" id="link071"></a>the
+      early part of the war many little conveniences were provided for the rank
+      and file, among them being tents for shelter, which did not keep out the
+      cold, however, and many a man died from disease who would have lived to
+      fight, had he been properly housed. The second winter, however, many huts
+      were put up, rough enough, but better calculated to withstand the cold
+      than canvas.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0052" id="linkimage-0052"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0079m.jpg" alt="0079m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0079.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Each company had a &ldquo;cook tent&rdquo; and a cook, generally selected from the
+      men, the officers boasting a &ldquo;cullered individual&rdquo; who was always,
+      according to his own account, a &ldquo;perfeshunal.&rdquo; The culinary department was
+      ever a point of interest to the men, whose appetites were never so dainty
+      that they failed to enjoy their daily rations. No soldier, no matter from
+      what part of the North he came, <span class="pagenum">[072]</span><a
+      name="link072" id="link072"></a>ever turned up his nose at the beans,
+      which were cooked in holes dug in the earth, and filled with hot embers,
+      in which the iron pot containing them was buried and kept there all night.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To Bill Elliott fell the task of ministering to the hungry ones of his
+      company, and many were the compliments he received.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You can broil a chicken as good as any French cook,&rdquo; a man would
+      coaxingly declare.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0053" id="linkimage-0053"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0080m.jpg" alt="0080m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0080.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Not a boughten one,&rdquo; Bill replied; &ldquo;somehow those kind of chickens the
+      sutler has on hand don't have the genooine flavor.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The hint was always taken, and alas, for the poor farmer who had a nice
+      hen-roost, or a young porker in the sty. They had no regard for property
+      rights, and though they were not supposed to forage, except under orders,
+      yet the temptation was too strong to be resisted.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At <span class="pagenum">[073]</span><a name="link073" id="link073"></a>such
+      times the cackling of the fowls, whose quiet was disturbed, the melodious
+      grunting of the pigs, who often led them a hard chase, and the laughter
+      and shouting of the pursuing soldiers, made a scene of wild merriment
+      never forgotten.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0054" id="linkimage-0054"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9081m.jpg" alt="9081m " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9081.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      But Ralph could not see the funny side of these depredations. To him it
+      was a clear wrong to take what did not belong to them. He never would join
+      them in these expeditions, a course which exposed him to much ridicule for
+      his &ldquo;pious notions,&rdquo; but which had no effect upon him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Often their zeal in this direction brought its own punishment. On one of
+      these forays a long-legged, awkward fellow, who could outrun the fastest
+      chicken, chased an anxious hen into a thicket, where the grass was long
+      and rank. As he peered round for his game he spied a dozen or so eggs
+      shining in the sun. &ldquo;Ah,&rdquo; he said, &ldquo;my lady hen is stealing a nest. Well,
+      they look white and fresh, and I'll just confiscate them.&rdquo; His pockets
+      were full of sweet potatoes, he had a brace ot chickens slung over his
+      shoulders, he had lost his handkerchief, if he ever owned one, and the
+      problem was how to hold possession of the coveted prize.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I know how I'll fix it. I'll put them in my cap. I can carry them all
+      right.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The eggs were tenderly deposited therein, and he started for camp. He
+      heard the boys who were still engaged in the chase <span class="pagenum">[074]</span><a
+      name="link074" id="link074"></a>laughing boisterously, and saw Rob
+      Douglass, one of the new recruits, with a rope tied to one of the hind
+      legs of a monstrous pig, who was jerking him right and left, in quite an
+      unmilitary fashion. Now he was nearly on the animal's back, and next he
+      was measuring his length on the ground, but he never once released the
+      rope, while the shouts and cheers of the boys who were watching the
+      contest made Rob more determined than ever to land his prize at the cook's
+      tent.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Zach Smith joined in the merriment and began to chaff Rob, whose face was
+      grimy with perspiration, while his dust-covered clothes looked as though a
+      good brushing and a few stitches would improve them materially.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Seeing Zach he called to him to help haul in the &ldquo;critter.&rdquo; The latter
+      started toward him, but Mrs. Piggie was of the same mind, for she turned
+      quickly and ran between his legs. Zach lost his balance and fell, and as
+      he instinctively shot out his hands to save his eggs his head struck them
+      squarely, while the liquid streaming down his face and neck sent forth
+      such an odor that the men, who had inhaled many strange ones since leaving
+      home, voted unanimously that that particular one &ldquo;beat anything on
+      record.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Zach made his way back to his tent, followed by the jibes of his comrades,
+      as he bade Rob, in very strong language, to settle the pig as best he
+      could while he attended to disinfecting himself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0055" id="linkimage-0055"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0082m.jpg" alt="0082m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0082.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0006" id="link2HCH0006"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VI. ANOTHER BATTLE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0056" id="linkimage-0056"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9083.jpg" alt="9083 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9083.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      OYS,&rdquo; said <span class="pagenum">[075]</span><a name="link075" id="link075"></a>Lieutenant
+      Graves, &ldquo;we have our orders to turn out and show what we are made of. You
+      know General McClellan has command of the Army of Virginia, and he thinks
+      we've been rusting here long enough; so we're to help General Stone in
+      drawing out the enemy. They've so far kept in hiding, and we've got to
+      force them out into a square and open fight.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The General thinks we're spoiling for a battle, doesn't he?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I suppose so. Anyway, we are to cross the Potomac at Conrad's Ferry and
+      wake 'em up. General McCall has his hands full watching the river
+      crossings, and we must help him do it.&rdquo; This was good news to most of the
+      men, who had grown tired of inaction. The long summer had worn away, and
+      Ralph had often slipped away from camp and run into the negro cabins near
+      by, where he was sure of a nice piece of hoe cake, baked on the hearth.
+      The garrulous darkeys liked to see Ralph coming, and many a question they
+      put to him which he could scarcely answer, so little did he know of the
+      true state of affairs.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      There are few idle moments in camp, for the duties of the soldier are too
+      numerous to afford him that leisure which permits of homesickness. He has
+      letters to write home, old ones to read; then, too, his spare time is
+      occupied in looking for something to eat which his knapsack doesn't hold&mdash;not
+      because his rations are scanty, or he is hungry, but he grows tired of the
+      regular diet. He is always doing duty, police or fatigue, and the
+      perpetual drilling, all keep him busy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[076]</span><a name="link076" id="link076"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0057" id="linkimage-0057"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0084m.jpg" alt="0084m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0084.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Mending clothes became quite an art among the soldiers, and the manner in
+      which some of them darned their stockings would reflect credit upon <span
+      class="pagenum">[077]</span><a name="link077" id="link077"></a>many a
+      housewife who has the reputation of being an ex pert seamstress.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Wash day in camp was as important an occasion as it is at home, and
+      preparations were made with as much regard to convenience as the
+      surroundings would permit.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0058" id="linkimage-0058"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0085m.jpg" alt="0085m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0085.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Ralph was very fond of running into old &ldquo;Aunt Judah's&rdquo; cabin, for her
+      &ldquo;pones&rdquo; were especially toothsome. The old negress was not handsome&mdash;her
+      black skin was shriveled and seamed with age; she was nearly blind, but
+      she was an admirable cook.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Massa,&rdquo; she said to Ralph one day, when she had filled his knapsack with
+      smoking hot pone and luscious sweet potatoes, whose pulp was as golden as
+      the sunflower's petals,&mdash;&ldquo;I'se been pondering in my own min' and I
+      kaint see what you all is fighting 'bout. Clar to goodness I kaint.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[078]</span><a name="link078" id="link078"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0059" id="linkimage-0059"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0086m.jpg" alt="0086m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0086.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We <span class="pagenum">[079]</span><a name="link079" id="link079"></a>are
+      fighting to make the Southerners come back into the Union.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;De Union? What you mean by dat?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The Union&mdash;the States. There are thirty-five States, and how many
+      slabes does he own?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;None at all. We don't have slaves up North.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Don't hab slabes? Who totes your water and picks de cotton and hoes de
+      fields?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We don't grow any cotton, and all our work is done by people whom we hire
+      and pay money to.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The old slave's eyes opened wide with curiosity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;And when dey gets sassy, does de oberseer whip 'em?&rdquo; Ralph laughed
+      heartily as he thought of the suit for assault and battery whipping a
+      servant up North would bring about. Here was an old colored woman as
+      ignorant of her relationship to the great tide of humanity as a child.
+      Born in the West in a little village where no negroes were to be found, he
+      had seldom met one.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The old woman seemed to be talking to herself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;It pears to me dey must be dissbedient and sassy sumtimes. All niggers
+      are. Wonder how dey makes dem mind. When dey runs across a right smart
+      uppish cullered pusson how do dey settle wid him? Did you say, massa, dey
+      neber whip dem?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;No, auntie, they never do.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Aunt Judah shook her head doubtingly. &ldquo;Massa.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The one man governs the whole of them. Your old masters didn't like the
+      man who was chosen, and so they said they wouldn't stay in the Union to be
+      governed by him.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Is dat man a big man? Does he b'long to a good family?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      I was plain to her the difference between servants North and South? To him
+      slavery was a mere name. He knew nothing of its blighting understand how
+      dreary and hopeless the life of a &ldquo;chattel&rdquo; broke <span class="pagenum">[080]</span><a
+      name="link080" id="link080"></a>out suddenly, &ldquo;dey flogs dem down here;
+      dey has to, sumtimes. I neber was struck a blow. I was a house servant,
+      but my man worked on de plantation. 'Diamond Joe,' dey called him; he was
+      lashed ebery now and den, and I tink it made him ugly. He was a likely
+      boy. Wy, massa used to 'clar if he wan't so stubbon, jess like one of our
+      plantation mules, he wouldn't take de price of two boys for him, for he
+      could hoe and pick mo' cotton dan any 'mount of boys. His skin was as
+      shiny as de satin in Missus' dress, and dark, and he was tall like de
+      poplar trees, and strong and big. Joe lubbed me in dose days.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0060" id="linkimage-0060"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9088.jpg" alt="9088 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9088.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Ralph looked at her wonderingly. Here was a new thought. Did those uncouth
+      black folks care for each other as white people did? Were they capable of
+      attachments? She was almost hideous&mdash;had she ever been young?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A tear rolled down Aunt Judah's withered cheek, and she seemed to be
+      looking far away. She was silent so long that Ralph began to be impatient
+      to get back to camp with his knapsack full of good things.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Well, auntie, where is Joe now? He must be pretty old by this time.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      A solemn look stole over her features, and looking up to where the blue
+      sky showed through the chinks in the little cabin roof, she said&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;In <span class="pagenum">[081]</span><a name="link081" id="link081"></a>Heben,
+      I b'leeve. Oh, honey, it makes my heart heaby eben now, and offen and
+      offen de tears dey makes my old eyes burn. Many a day I'se asked my
+      hebenly Fader whar on dis big yarth my Joe was, but it must hab been
+      wicked fur me to ask de Great King anyting 'bout a po' cullered boy, fur I
+      neber had any answer. But Joe was a powerful hansum boy, de best one on de
+      plantation.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0061" id="linkimage-0061"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:30%;">
+      <img src="images/8089.jpg" alt="8089 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8089.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;How did he die?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Die? I didn't 'spress my 'pinion dat he <i>was</i> dead. I has looked
+      long for Joe, and I 'mos knows he must be gone up above, for he lubbed me
+      and he lubbed de little missie&mdash;de little daisy, Missie Flossie. She
+      was de only one who could bring him out of his tantarums, fer po' Joe did
+      hab spells, when he was ugly. Massa Steve&mdash;he owned us bof&mdash;I
+      'members dat day well; it was a sunshiny day, de yarth was all carpeted
+      wid de short, green grass, and de flowers filled de whole land wid deir
+      sweetness. It was so bright my heart was singing a song, and Missus Flora
+      wanted to be druv to town to buy some nice tings for de little missie's
+      birfday party. Massa <span class="pagenum">[082]</span><a name="link082"      id="link082"></a>say 'Joe, Dicks got a sick hoss to 'tend you hitch up de
+      big black team, and take your mistress to town.' Joe, he whispered to me&mdash;I
+      had tuk de little lady out on de lawn&mdash;dat he cudn't dribe dem
+      speerited critters, fur he had burnt his hands roasting corn in de ashes
+      de night afore. 'Don't stan dar, you brack rascal,' massa said, fur he
+      seed him talking to me. 'Massa, I'se dead anxious to go, but I hab a bery
+      bad hand&mdash;caint Dick go dis time wid de missus?'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0062" id="linkimage-0062"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9090.jpg" alt="9090 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9090.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Then massa, he got as white as a sheet wif temper, and his voice was like
+      thunder&mdash;'No! go as I told you. Do you want anoder flogging?'
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I felt way down all fru me, sumfing was gwine to happen, for Joe he
+      looked so wicked, and he kep' muttering and muttering, and I was scared,
+      fur I knowed sumfing was about to break, when Joe 'muned wid his-self. But
+      oh, massa, I shall neber forget de awful night dat fell, and no Joe, nor
+      no missus, nor no carridge and hosses cumd home. Massa was wild. He tore
+      up and down de lawn, running here and shouting dar, and sending fust one
+      nigger, den anudder, to the neighbors' plantations to see if missie had
+      dun gone visiting at any ob dem. Den he called fur Dick and his white
+      hoss, and was jess jumping on his back when de hans' set up a holler ing
+      and <span class="pagenum">[083]</span><a name="link083" id="link083"></a>de
+      carridge cum taring onto de lawn, and fust dey 'lowed Missus Flora was
+      dead, fur she was cuddled up in a heap, as white as snow. Wen dey got her
+      to cum to she tole Massa Steve how Joe had dun gone to town wid her and
+      den wen she wanted to cum home he had rode 'em off, way off inter de
+      woods, and way inter de midst of de fick trees, and gibing de hosses a
+      terrible lashing he started dem, heads toward home; den dey runned all de
+      way ober sticks and limbs of trees till dey foun' de open road, wen dey
+      went so fas' Missus lost her breff and cudn't see any mo'.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0063" id="linkimage-0063"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9091.jpg" alt="9091 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9091.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You should have seen massa den! He swore so loud it made my ears ache,
+      and all de time he was looking right at me. He said Joe had run away and
+      he'd hab de young black debil's hide off when he kotched him, and if he
+      was shore any ob de slabes knew he was going it ud be wuss for dem; he'd
+      sell 'em to de very next trader dat cumd along, and dey'd be toted down
+      Souf, whar dey'd be showed how to work. He swore he had nuffing but a pack
+      of lazy niggers roun' him, who didn't desarve to hab a good master. And,
+      honey, fore de Lawd, Massa Steve was a kind master, only he wud swar and
+      cuss at us once in awhile.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;What became of Joe? Did they catch him?&rdquo; asked Ralph, who was so deeply
+      interested in her story that he had forgotten all <span class="pagenum">[084]</span><a
+      name="link084" id="link084"></a>about the boys in camp who were waiting
+      for that hot corn bread.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Yes, massa, I seen him dragged in de next day, after dey had hunted all
+      night wid de dogs. Dey had torn his clothes in tatters, and his han's and
+      face was all red wid de blood whar he fought wid dem. De master he was so
+      mad he made de slaves all come outen deir cabins, to see how dey sarbed a
+      runaway. I can see it now&rdquo;&mdash;and she covered her eyes with her
+      wrinkled black hands&mdash;&ldquo;I can see it all. Oh, Joe, I neber forgits dat
+      day. And when de cruel 'black snake' cut his back ebery time it hit him he
+      neber said a word, but he kind o' shibered all over and set his teeth
+      hard, but I screamed out 'Po' Joe! Will nobody pity po' Joe?' and fell
+      down on de grass all cold as a stone. My breff was gone, and I fought de
+      angel ob de Lord had done called me home and jess den Massa Steve say&mdash;'Go
+      to your quarters, Joe.' My Joe, he walk off as proud as a king. Missus she
+      was bery sorry for me, and was allus bery kind to me, but Joe neber sing
+      in de field any mo'. He would fix his eyes on me so terrible I was almos'
+      afraid of him, and he would mutter dat de avenger was on de white man's
+      track. 'I'm gwine to be free. Neber no more will dey lash Joe.' I used to
+      tink de walls would hear him and tell de massa. But dey didn't, and one
+      night wen ebery libing soul 'cept de watch dogs were in deir beds, de
+      hosses 'gan to stamp and kick in deir boxes, and de dogs were howling, and
+      den we heard de white folks screaming, louder and louder, and fas' as we
+      could, we ran outen our cabins, and dar up on de little knoll-whar de
+      house stood, we saw de black smoke pouring out ob de windows and rolling
+      up to de sky, and den turning redder and redder, and we could 'stinguish
+      Massa Steve and Missus Flora out on de lawn jess as dey jumped from deir
+      beds.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;De oberseer was fighting de flames and he tole us to get all de buckets
+      we could, and fotch de water from de well in dem, and he jumped on a hoss
+      and galloped to de nearest plantation for help, and dey all turned out,
+      white people and slabes, and brought water, and soon de fire <span
+      class="pagenum">[085]</span><a name="link085" id="link085"></a>wasn't red
+      no mo', but de house&mdash;you can see de walls now ober dar, whar dey
+      stand to 'min' me ebery day ob de dear massa and missie and de little
+      lamb, Flossie&mdash;was no house any more, all de insides gone, and de
+      black outside standing up in de summer air.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0064" id="linkimage-0064"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9093.jpg" alt="9093 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9093.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      She paused to wipe away the hot tears that blinded her.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;What became of your master and his family?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Massa and missus were presarbed, but de little white blos-whose birfday
+      had been so bright, dey didn't know whar to look for her, and her mudder
+      was screeching 'My baby&mdash;my baby!' and going out o' one faint into
+      anoder, and her pa trying to rush inter de smoking house and calling for
+      his Flossie&mdash;oh, it was enuff to make de har turn gray!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;She muss hab been frightened so when de smoke got in her pretty blue eyes
+      dat she didn't know how to fin' de way out, fer she was crouched down
+      behind de front stairs, and dat's de spot whar Dick found her, wid her
+      night-dress all on fire, but de light tole him whar to look.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;When he put de little precious chile in my-arms she put her <span
+      class="pagenum">[086]</span><a name="link086" id="link086"></a>baby
+      fingers on my black face and she said, 'Judah, tell mamma&mdash;I am not
+      hurt&mdash;but I caint see!' Honey, de nex' day she shut dem po' little
+      eyes on dis world, and missie, whose heart broke den, followed her lamb to
+      de hebenly pastures whar de good Lawd 'tends to all deir wants.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;What became of your master?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Massa Steve? He went ober de sea, and he died in anoder country. De
+      plantation and all de slabes went to his brudder, who had de big house yo'
+      sees ober dar on de road put up. No one eber goes near de old place, fer
+      dey say its hanted.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0065" id="linkimage-0065"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0094m.jpg" alt="0094m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0094.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;But the old home and Joe? You don't think he had anything to do with
+      setting it on fire?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Massa, de good Book tells de po' creatures dat dey musn't form no 'pinion
+      to hurt deir neighbors. It goes agin me to say dat he did, but yo' didn't
+      know Joe, and I did.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Did they suspect him?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I neber could look dem in de face to know, but Joe neber was seen after
+      de house was burned, and dat's many years in de past.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph drew a long breath, and bidding the old negress goodbye, he <span
+      class="pagenum">[087]</span><a name="link087" id="link087"></a>went back
+      to camp with a sad heart. When he entered the camp he found the men
+      gathered in knots, discussing the news they had just received of a coming
+      engagement.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;What are we going out for?&rdquo; asked a new man.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;So as to give the rebs a chance to lay us out, or be laid out themselves.
+      What do you suppose we go to war for?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0066" id="linkimage-0066"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9095.jpg" alt="9095 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9095.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Old Bill's gruff tones nettled the man.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;It don't hurt you to answer a civil question, does it?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Well, not exactly. You see General McCall has had an advance guard out
+      reconnoitering, but he can't persuade the boys over on the Virginia side
+      to show up on open ground. They say there's a big force of Confeds at
+      Leesburg, five miles or so back from the river.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;This will be my first battle,&rdquo; the new recruit said, with a sigh, &ldquo;but I
+      don't expect it'll be my last.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;That's right&mdash;never say die. The man who is a little chicken-hearted
+      at first, often turns out to be the most courageous soldier.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I remember reading once,&rdquo; Ralph interposed, &ldquo;that at some charge on a
+      battery in one of the battles Napoleon fought when the odds were greatly
+      against him, his attention was called by one of his officers to the
+      cowardice of one poor fellow who was pressing on, up to the cannon's
+      mouth. His knees were shaking, <span class="pagenum">[088]</span><a
+      name="link088" id="link088"></a>his eyes bulged out, and he gave every
+      evidence of being terror-stricken. But his gaze was fixed on the coveted
+      point, his teeth were set hard, and he kept resolutely on. 'That man is
+      not a coward,' said the great general; 'he sees that his life is in
+      danger, and still he does not shrink from his duty, but faces death like a
+      man. He will be shot before he yields.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0067" id="linkimage-0067"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0096m.jpg" alt="0096m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0096.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;But the soldier was not wounded. He lived to become an officer in the
+      very regiment which one would have expected to see disgraced by his
+      cowardice, and won great fame through his heroic bravery in after
+      engagements.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Boys,&rdquo; said Old Bill, who was always the spokesman for the <span
+      class="pagenum">[089]</span><a name="link089" id="link089"></a>party, &ldquo;the
+      'Little Corporal'&mdash;that's Napoleon Bonaparte,&rdquo; he continued in an
+      aside to the new man, who made a wry face at being singled out for an
+      explanation&mdash;&ldquo;was right. It's agin human nature not to feel a little
+      shaky when you are going into your first battle. It's how you do your duty
+      that settles your standing. If you attend to that no one can blame you for
+      having a leetle private fear of your own.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0068" id="linkimage-0068"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0097m.jpg" alt="0097m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0097.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0007" id="link2HCH0007"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VII. THE DISASTER AT BALL'S BLUFF.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0069" id="linkimage-0069"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9098.jpg" alt="9098 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9098.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      HASTY <span class="pagenum">[090]</span><a name="link090" id="link090"></a>breakfast,
+      with a rigid inspection of their muskets, and a hurried packing of
+      knapsacks, preceded the long role of the drum, the signal to be up and
+      doing. The sight of a body of soldiers with their glittering arms and
+      tasty uniforms is inspiriting, and dull and cold must be the bosom that
+      does not leap quicker at the thought that he belongs to this grand whole.
+      Ralph felt a thrill of exultation as he realized that he was a part and
+      parcel of the men who were massed on the bank of the Potomac that bright
+      October day. There were Ralph's regiment of Massachusetts men, the
+      Forty-second New York, Seventy-first Pennsylvania and a Rhode Island
+      battery, counting, in all, some 2,000 men, watching for a chance to cross
+      at an island which lay there.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The day was beautiful&mdash;the sun poured down his warm beams, for in
+      that region the winter is late. Many were the openly spoken murmurs of
+      impatience, however, on the part of the men.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We shall never get across till doomsday,&rdquo; Bill Elliott said to Ralph.
+      &ldquo;Look at our men, over 2,000 of them, and we've only got two or three old
+      boats to carry us over. With all due respect to General McClellan, I think
+      he's made a great big mistake, as General Stone will find to his cost
+      before we're over. The Johnnies can see all we're doing and get all ready
+      for us. Why, it'll be dead easy for them to receive us in fine shape.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;They are having hard work with that battery, getting it up the bluff. See
+      how they slip at every step.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      And as Ralph watched the battery being dragged up with prodigious exertion
+      his heart felt heavy, and he, too, began to fear there was an oversight
+      somewhere.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0070" id="linkimage-0070"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0099m.jpg" alt="0099m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0099.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      At <span class="pagenum">[091]</span><a name="link091" id="link091"></a>the
+      top of the bluff lay a broad field of about ten acres, hemmed in on all
+      sides by thick woods, so dense that neither infantry nor artillery could
+      penetrate them in line. Colonel Baker was given entire command of all the
+      troops. Then began a desperate and gallant attempt, which the Confederates
+      met, dashing out from the timber, and though the Federals fired round
+      after round from their battery, it was a hopeless conflict, for the rebel
+      sharpshooters picked off their gunners, one after another, and the pieces
+      were left useless.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Still <span class="pagenum">[092]</span><a name="link092" id="link092"></a>on
+      the Union forces pressed, to be met by a heavy body of infantry, whose hot
+      fire cut them down. For two hours they stood their ground gallantly, and
+      returned the fire with spirit. Suddenly an officer riding a splendid
+      horse, whose snowy sides were covered with foam, dashed out of the woods,
+      and coming toward them, waving his sword over his head, he beckoned the
+      Union forces forward.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Colonel Baker took new courage; he thought he recognized General Johnston
+      in the horseman, and wildly cheering to his command to follow, he pressed
+      forward, hoping at last he should meet the enemy in an open fight. But he
+      was met by a fierce onset of the Confederates, who came on with tremendous
+      force. Like a solid wall they met the Federals, and as part of the
+      latter's columns charged, Colonel Baker received the whole contents of a
+      revolver in the hands of one of the rebels, and fell dead.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His body was rescued through the bravery of Captain Beiral and his
+      company, who fought their way back through the thickest of the opposing
+      force, and with desperate courage rescued the body of their dead
+      commander, and conveyed it to the island. At once the rout began, and the
+      Union forces were driven back, down the steep clay bluffs, one hundred
+      feet high, falling, jumping down, pushed by the Confederates, who followed
+      at their heels, killing and taking prisoners.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was an awful spectacle. Men whose courage could not be doubted, were
+      panic-stricken, and throwing away coats, muskets, and everything that
+      could impede them, plunged into the river, whose rapid current overwhelmed
+      them, and to their shrieks as they drowned, was added the rapid firing of
+      the Confederates on the cliff above, the roar of the artillery, the cries
+      of the wounded, making a scene of horror which cannot be described. The
+      imagination alone can fill in the picture.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Among the incidents of this day may be mentioned a desertion of one of the
+      regiments by its colonel, who swam the river on horseback, thus making his
+      escape. Many took to a boat, which was quickly filled, and as quickly sunk
+      with every soul. A <span class="pagenum">[093]</span><a name="link093"      id="link093"></a>captain in the Fifteenth Massachusetts came to the rescue
+      of the fleeing Federals, with two companies, and charged up the hill, only
+      to see how little help he could give, and a few moments decided him to
+      wave his handkerchief, and surrender to the Confederates.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Dispirited and weary, the remnant of the troops moved back to camp. Their
+      loss had been heavy. Over five hundred soldiers had been captured by the
+      Confederates, Colonel Baker had been shot, and they had lost arms,
+      ammunition and clothing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Corporal Ralph Gregory had shown coolness and clearheaded courage, equal
+      to the oldest and bravest. When the battle began, the color-sergeant had
+      received a ball in the breast, and had fallen dead. Seizing the flag from
+      his stiffening fingers, Ralph rushed to the front, and held it manfully,
+      through the storm of bullets that riddled its folds, and clinging
+      desperately to it, he carried it proudly and safely, soiled and torn, but
+      not disgraced.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But his strength was not equal to his courage, and handing it to a
+      stalwart comrade whose arm was more powerful, he bade him to &ldquo;protect it
+      from capture.&rdquo; The colors went back to camp, and with them, went the story
+      of the boy's bravery.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph was weak, his nerves were unstrung. His ears still echoed the noise
+      and confusion of the battle that had not yet died away. Still the Union
+      men were fleeing, pursued closely by their enemy, who wounded them with
+      muskets and swords, as they ran. The agonized shrieks of those who met
+      their death in the swift-flowing stream rang in his ears with fearful
+      distinctness, and he vaguely wondered if he would ever cease to hear them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He was unnerved. It was not cowardice, but the reaction that so often
+      follows times of great excitement. Exhaustion, complete and unavoidable,
+      had taken possession of him. He reeled like a drunken man. Making a
+      frantic effort to recover himself, he sank on the earth amid a clump of
+      leaves and brush, that half hid him from observation. How long he lay in
+      this stupor he could not tell, but when he became conscious of the
+      dreadful <span class="pagenum">[094]</span><a name="link094" id="link094"></a>place
+      he was in, he slowly struggled to his feet, half-dazed and bewildered. His
+      first thought was to wonder where Bill was. He recollected that he had
+      fled in hot haste with the others, and the last glimpse of him which he
+      had, was when the plucky Massachusetts captain made his stand, but was
+      compelled to surrender. He was sure that he had been wounded, for he saw
+      blood streaming down Bill's face, as he ran.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0071" id="linkimage-0071"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:30%;">
+      <img src="images/8102.jpg" alt="8102 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8102.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Could he have escaped, or is he among the dead lying here?&rdquo; he thought.
+      &ldquo;I must search for him.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      And as he threaded his way among the dead and wounded as best he could in
+      the twilight, he stumbled over the body of a boy. Kneeling down, he turned
+      the lad's face upward, and in the dim light he knew him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;It is Charlie Arlington!&mdash;he is surely dead!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The boy opened his eyes, and seeing Ralph, he assured him that he was not
+      wounded, but he feared his ankle was sprained. &ldquo;I told you,&rdquo; he said, with
+      a smile, &ldquo;that we should meet again.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You did, but I did not think it would be so soon. Are you injured?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Only by my horse, who stumbled and threw me with such force against that
+      old stump that I fainted with pain. Do you think my leg is broken?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Let me examine it. No, I don't think it is. How are you going to ride,
+      however? Where is your horse?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Oh, he ran away after serving me that mean trick. But why <span
+      class="pagenum">[095]</span><a name="link095" id="link095"></a>are you
+      here? Don't you know you are my prisoner now?&rdquo; he continued, smiling
+      broadly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;How's that?&rdquo; Ralph spoke sharp and loud.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Hush!&rdquo; the other cautioned. &ldquo;You'll have a dozen soldiers after you.
+      They're coming back to bury the dead. Of course you're my prisoner. You're
+      on our field&mdash;were you not routed?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      This fact rather staggered Ralph. It had not come home to him till then;
+      he looked anxiously toward the river's bank.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The boy divined his thought.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;It's no use to try to swim that stream here. The current's too strong.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0072" id="linkimage-0072"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:30%;">
+      <img src="images/8103.jpg" alt="8103 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8103.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;It seems I'm your prisoner, then.&rdquo; Ralph's sad tones spoke volumes. The
+      horrors of captivity stared him in the face. He thought at that instant,
+      of his mother, sisters and the dear old home, and his heart was heavy as
+      lead.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Charlie appeared to be enjoying the advantage he had over Ralph, for he
+      never removed his gaze.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I've but to raise my voice and you'd be surrounded in an instant.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;But how is it you are here now; I thought you knew nothing about the
+      army,&rdquo; said Ralph.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I <span class="pagenum">[096]</span><a name="link096" id="link096"></a>didn't
+      when I last saw you, but I joined the Southern army the next week. I am in
+      the cavalry service.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph's curiosity would never be silenced. &ldquo;Do you like it?&rdquo; he asked.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Yes, and no. I have been in several engagements, but the hardest blow I
+      had was when they carried my father home dead, and I asked for a furlough,
+      to go home to see him once more, and was refused.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Here the boy nearly broke down. Ralph's sympathies were aroused at once.
+      He knew not what to say. But Charlie recovered himself soon, and continued&mdash;&ldquo;You
+      see how I'm placed now. I shall <i>have</i> to take you into our camp.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I wish Bill were here!&rdquo; Ralph blurted out. &ldquo;He wouldn't see me taken
+      prisoner so easily.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      To him Bill represented the sum total of all knowledge, and he felt
+      confident of his ability to rescue him, even in the face of the danger
+      that now menaced him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A low whistle startled both boys. A few feet from them, stretched
+      lengthwise of a fallen tree, lay Bill, who raised his head, which was
+      bleeding freely.,
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I've a good mind to take you both prisoners!&rdquo; he said, jocosely. &ldquo;What
+      are you exchanging courtesies for? The boy's right. Unless we can get away
+      in a very big hurry, he can land us both in the rebel camp, and then it'll
+      be all over with us. You'd better be planning each other's escape, and
+      then you'll both be likely to be court-martialed!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;It's my luck, isn't it? I can't blame Charlie if he does take me. But I
+      haven't got anything against him.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Neither has any of us got anything against any of the Johnnies. This is
+      not a personal affair, at all. But just the same we've got to fight 'em
+      because they're agin the government.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph looked closer at Bill. &ldquo;You're wounded, and will be carried to
+      prison, too! Oh, Bill, what will become of you?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[097]</span><a name="link097" id="link097"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0073" id="linkimage-0073"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0105m.jpg" alt="0105m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0105.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;It's nothing but a scratch. I lay here awhile till those fellows' <span
+      class="pagenum">[098]</span><a name="link098" id="link098"></a>guns gave
+      out, for I felt a little dizzy, and didn't care to get up till the smoke
+      cleared away, and I could make out my bearings.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      A groan from their companion recalled them to their position. Ralph was in
+      a fever of anxiety. War was a brutalizing affair, he pondered. &ldquo;You
+      mustn't have any feelings at all, Bill, if you want to be a good soldier.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Nary a feeling. Humanity don't cut no figger in a battle. Why, boy, I've
+      stood in the ranks and seen father on one side, and son on the other,
+      blazing away with hate and bitterness in their eyes. And all on account of
+      a mere difference of opinion.&rdquo; Ralph shuddered. &ldquo;It is dreadful; but war
+      shall never make me so hardened and indifferent to suffering that I will
+      not do all I can in honor to relieve it. I intend to fulfill all my duties
+      as a soldier, but do not see why I should hesitate to show mercy to an
+      injured foe.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;He's the right sort,&rdquo; Bill chuckled to himself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With that thought in his mind, Ralph went nearer to Charlie, and said&mdash;&ldquo;Give
+      me your handkerchief, and I will bandage your ankle.&rdquo; In a few moments he
+      had finished binding it on, tightly and skillfully, while the boy looked
+      his gratitude.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;It feels a little easier,&rdquo; he said, &ldquo;the pain was intense.&rdquo; Bill watched
+      them both narrowly. In his heart he admired &ldquo;the little rebel cuss,&rdquo; but
+      he wished him a thousand miles away, for he saw that it was impossible to
+      make their escape, as Charlie had only to raise his voice as he had
+      suggested, and the enemy would be upon them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was a moment of anxiety for the man and his companion. Charlie was the
+      most indifferent of the three. &ldquo;I'd rather have been killed than have to
+      go to their prison, for who knows how long it may be before I am
+      exchanged?&rdquo; thought Bill.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The firing had ceased, and darkness had settled o'er the earth. Suddenly
+      Charlie seemed to recollect something, for he whispered&mdash;&ldquo;Go&mdash;you
+      must go, at once. The detail will soon be here, to bury our poor boys, and
+      they will have you, sure. Go down the bluff as still as you can; don't
+      loosen a pebble even, for there <span class="pagenum">[099]</span><a
+      name="link099" id="link099"></a>are sharp ears near. Keep close to the
+      river bank, and about half a mile down you'll see an old tree standing
+      that has been struck by lightning. Two rods north of the tree a little
+      skiff is hid in the tall weeds. Take it and row across. Go quick, and,
+      above all, make no noise. My life, as well as yours, is in danger. They'd
+      shoot me in a minute, if they knew I helped you escape.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You're a brick&mdash;you are!&rdquo; broke out Bill, admiringly. Ralph wrung
+      his hand. &ldquo;What will you do? You can't lie here all night.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;They'll find me all right and carry me off to the hospital. I can talk,
+      if I can't walk, and I'll soon let them know where I am. But you haven't a
+      second to waste. Go!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The hint, so urgently given, was acted upon, and none too speedily, for a
+      moment after, the men appeared, and Charlie was suddenly seized with a
+      violent fit of coughing, so loud and boisterous, it was well calculated to
+      cover any noise which Ralph and Bill might unintentionally make. He was
+      placed on a litter and borne away.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Bill scarce drew a breath until his feet touched the bottom of the boat.
+      Charlie's violent cough had served them well, for though they stole
+      noiselessly down the bluff, the night was so still that a breath almost
+      could be detected. They were soon across the noble river, and their hearts
+      beat tumultuously when they found themselves safe within the Union lines.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Bill's wound was not serious, so he declared. He even objected to the few
+      days in the hospital which the surgeon prescribed. His good nature never
+      left him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Sick men may go and lay up, but you cain't kill Old Bill. I'm presarved
+      for something better than to stop a bullet. I've been through too many
+      hard sieges to give in for a little blow like that was.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You've got another invite to see the Colonel,&rdquo; a grizzled old soldier
+      said to Ralph a day or two after the engagement. &ldquo;He desires the pleasure
+      of your company in his tent. Leastwise, that's what it amounts to, though
+      that ain't the language he <span class="pagenum">[100]</span><a
+      name="link100" id="link100"></a>made use of. Wonder why I don't be asked
+      once in awhile? He don't know what he's losing by not consulting me. But
+      hurry up&mdash;'tain't perlite to keep him waiting.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph trembled visibly, and every drop of blood turned to ice. He knew
+      something must be wrong. Perhaps he ought not to have helped Charlie, but
+      what else could he do? He walked briskly toward the tent of the officer.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Colonel Hopkins was a stern, battle-scarred old soldier, who wasted no
+      words. His keen vision could discover merit, however, and as he looked
+      steadily at Ralph, he took his measure at once.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0074" id="linkimage-0074"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9108.jpg" alt="9108 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9108.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Your captain tells me you saved the colors of the regiment, in the late
+      engagement?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I did, Colonel.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;And you risked your life in so doing.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Why should I not? I am a soldier, sir!&rdquo; and the boy's &ldquo;I will, with the
+      help of Heaven!&rdquo; was Ralph's fervent utterance, as he followed the orderly
+      from the Colonel's tent.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[101]</span><a name="link101" id="link101"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0075" id="linkimage-0075"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0109m.jpg" alt="0109m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0109.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      One of the most brilliant affaire of the war was the charge of a body of
+      cavalry under Fremont. This was a fine and choice <span class="pagenum">[102]</span><a
+      name="link102" id="link102"></a>array of cavalry, known as &ldquo;Fremont's Body
+      Guard,&rdquo; whose exploits were famous. It was commanded by Major Charles
+      Zagonyi, a Hungarian, whose military record had been made in Europe.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0076" id="linkimage-0076"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9110.jpg" alt="9110 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9110.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      This dashing and fiery soldier, with a band of 160 men, charged upon a
+      Confederate force of 2,000, who were drawn up in a hollow square. He rode
+      across the field, unheeding the firing of the skirmishers, but charged
+      into the midst of the Confederates, and with pistols and sabers, scattered
+      them like dry leaves in the autumn wind. Not content with this, the daring
+      Major chased them into the streets of Springfield, and fought them hand to
+      hand.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After this daring and unequaled achievement, he hoisted the National flag
+      upon the courthouse at Springfield, sent a guard to care for the wounded,
+      and then went quietly back to Bolivar.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0077" id="linkimage-0077"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0110m.jpg" alt="0110m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0110.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0008" id="link2HCH0008"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER VIII. THE ARMY IN WINTER QUARTERS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0078" id="linkimage-0078"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9111.jpg" alt="9111 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9111.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      INTER so <span class="pagenum">[103]</span><a name="link103" id="link103"></a>far
+      had brought them much suffering and privation. To Ralph it was peculiarly
+      dreary. With the prospect of a period of inactivity, it was strange that
+      so little provision was made to protect them from the cold, raw winds that
+      were so frequent. Many of the soldiers put up rude huts, made from the
+      fine timber which grew so plentiful in that region, and those who were
+      independent and enterprising enough to build for themselves, often
+      fashioned a very snug, cozy little house. The rough stone fireplace, put
+      together with Virginia mud, was never wanting. What though it was neither
+      symmetrical nor artistic? The warmth and cheer compensated for the absence
+      of both these features.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In some of these huts&mdash;they surely deserved a better title&mdash;the
+      men threw themselves down at night on the ground, which was covered with
+      blankets, rubber coats, and any material the jovial occupants could find
+      to keep out the dampness. Some, more pretentious, constructed bunks or
+      boxes round the sides, which were as comfortable as a spring bed would be
+      at home. It was quite common to find home-made chairs, benches and tables,
+      round which they gathered when off duty, and told stories or discussed the
+      situation. The walls were papered with illustrations cut from newspapers,
+      which added to the charms of the dwelling.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[104]</span><a name="link104" id="link104"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0079" id="linkimage-0079"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0112m.jpg" alt="0112m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0112.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      But the greater number shivered under canvas tents, feeling keenly the
+      light snows and rains, followed by days of thaw and sunshine, which were
+      so frequent. To add to the dreariness of their surroundings, the funeral
+      dirge was often heard, as the dead were carried out from hospital, who had
+      succumbed to that apparently <span class="pagenum">[105]</span><a
+      name="link105" id="link105"></a>simple disease, the measles, but which
+      leaves its victim feeble, exhausted, and unable to rally.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To a new recruit, or to one who is full of sensibility, as Ralph was,
+      these sights were particularly depressing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0080" id="linkimage-0080"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0113m.jpg" alt="0113m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0113.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      A snowstorm during the day had been succeeded by a windy, cold night.
+      Ralph had been writing to his mother, and while he took care to make every
+      word as cheerful as he could, and never to mention his discomforts, vet
+      the mother heart between the lines, and knew her boy was homesick, pining
+      for her, as she, alas! was longing for the loving caress and the sound of
+      his voice.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As he pushed back the stool which had answered for a writing desk, the
+      wind gave a sudden whirl and lifted the canvas, sending a shower of sleet
+      over him which made him shiver.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The winter here is full as cold and disagreeable as up North!&rdquo; he said.
+      &ldquo;I thought this was a land of perpetual sunshine and flowers!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      He <span class="pagenum">[106]</span><a name="link106" id="link106"></a>peered
+      out at the sentry, who hugged his great coat closer, as he paced to and
+      fro. He fancied he saw in the gloom a man and horse, and heard the sharp
+      challenge&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Halt! Who goes there?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The horseman drew up, and replied promptly&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;A messenger from General Shields, with dispatches for Colonel Hopkins. I
+      must deliver them at once.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0081" id="linkimage-0081"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0114m.jpg" alt="0114m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0114.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The sentinel called&mdash;&ldquo;Sergeant of the guard&mdash;post number five&mdash;a
+      message from headquarters!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The words were passed along the line of guards, until it reached the
+      sergeant, who came instantly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He carried the papers to his colonel, who read them hastily, and signed
+      each one, handing them back to the orderly, who rode swiftly away.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph was by this time outside his tent, unmindful of the sleet <span
+      class="pagenum">[107]</span><a name="link107" id="link107"></a>which tore
+      his flesh like sharp-pointed arrows. He longed to know what those
+      dispatches signified, but his curiosity had to remain unsatisfied, and he
+      went back to his tent to try to sleep, as well as he could, for the biting
+      wind that forced its way into every crevice.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0082" id="linkimage-0082"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0115m.jpg" alt="0115m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0115.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      He seated himself on the side of his bed, and tried to think. He wondered
+      when General McClellan was going to take Richmond. The cry &ldquo;All Quiet on
+      the Potomac&rdquo; was heard continually, and weary men and weeping women all
+      over the land were longing for the dawn of peace which should bring back
+      to them fathers, husbands and sons. But ah, that peace was far distant.
+      The boy reasoned that he had no right to criticise the men who held
+      trusted positions in the army. But surely the boys in camp and field were
+      doing all they could, under orders, to hasten the end of these troublous
+      times. Would the conflict ever cease?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Perplexed <span class="pagenum">[108]</span><a name="link108" id="link108"></a>and
+      worn out in trying to solve the problem agitating so many of the most
+      patriotic and the most far-seeing, all over the land, Ralph at last fell
+      asleep, to be roused by the reveille. He sprang up, sure that he must be
+      dreaming, for he had just been sleeping but a moment&mdash;a mere &ldquo;cat
+      nap,&rdquo; and this couldn't be a summons to leave his comfortable bed. He had
+      neither time nor right to object, however; his sole duty was to obey
+      orders, and he hastened to dress. Outside, the soldiers were hurrying
+      about, most of those who were called on glad of any break in the monotony
+      of their first winter in camp.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Breakfast at two, march at half-past,&rdquo; was the captain's peremptory
+      order.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;What an unearthly hour,&rdquo; was Ralph's comment. &ldquo;Where, are we bound? And
+      why march at night?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Can't say,&rdquo; a comrade ventured, &ldquo;unless it's so we won't have to march by
+      day!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      They were not long in suspense.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A portion of their regiment was ordered to assist a force of Ohio and
+      Indiana men under Colonel Dunning, in routing a body of Confederates who
+      were posted near Romney, Va., at a point called Blue Gap.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The wind had died away, the stars were out, and the moon shone
+      brilliantly. The cutting sleet had turned to snow, and the soft carpet lay
+      white and pure, muffling the sound of their footsteps. It was a weird
+      sight&mdash;that mass of men tramping along with steady steps, while their
+      shadows falling on the ground danced and flickered in the moonbeams with
+      startling vividness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Blue Gap was a natural opening between hills, and was well defended by
+      howitzers and rifle pits. As they approached the Gap, Ralph's keen eye
+      detected a dozen men piling up limbs, straw, and other inflammable
+      material, against the bridge that spanned a stream running through the
+      Gap.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Captain,&rdquo; he said, &ldquo;some of those fellows have left the lines, and are
+      fixing things nice to burn that bridge.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We'll block that game, instanter. We need that bridge more than they do.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      A <span class="pagenum">[109]</span><a name="link109" id="link109"></a>dash
+      was made for the bridge, led by the captain, who opened fire upon them,
+      and thus ended that attempt. On the hills the entrenchments were held
+      manfully, but the Confederates had scarce time to pour forth their fire,
+      before the two Ohio regiments dashed upon them, and captured two pieces of
+      artillery. The surprise was so complete and the attack so overwhelming,
+      that defense was vain.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The hills were swarming with Federals, fighting hand to hand, and forcing
+      their opponents back. The houses on the other shore were filled with
+      sharpshooters, whose constant firing harassed the Federals, and brought
+      down a soldier at nearly every shot.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A score of men sprang into a large boat lying at the bank, and with a
+      storm of bullets hissing and rattling about them, they crossed to the
+      shore where the sharpshooters were hidden. Death menaced them, but with a
+      huzza that would have put life into a stone, they rowed fast, and sprang
+      out of the boat. Dashing up the hill, to the houses which the enemy had
+      used for vantage ground, they found them vacated.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;They didn't wait to make our acquaintance,&rdquo; Ralph said.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;No, but those sharpshooters introduced themselves to us in fine style.
+      Why, a man went down at nearly every shot.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Bill said not a word, but leaned heavily over the side of the boat. No one
+      paid him attention, for their hearts were filled with a longing for
+      revenge.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Boys, we have missed the rebs ensconced in these houses, but we can
+      prevent their using them again. We will burn them to the ground, and take
+      good care that not a timber stands, after we have done with them. They
+      have picked off some of our best men, and we won't leave a roof to shelter
+      them.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      A dozen pairs of willing hands were at work in an instant gathering wood
+      and brush, which they piled around the dwellings. With faces grimy and
+      soiled, these resolute men touched the pile with a match, while they stood
+      ready to shoot the first man who dared to show himself to protest, and
+      soon the flames leaped upward, crackling, sputtering and curling round
+      doors no and <span class="pagenum">[110]</span><a name="link110"      id="link110"></a>windows, licking up every object within reach, till
+      naught but the charred and blackened timbers stood to mark the spot where
+      the sharpshooters had dealt their deadly work.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The skirmish was brief. It was an easy victory, and no loss had been
+      sustained by the Federals, save those who were shot in the boats. But the
+      Confederate loss was greater. Forty soldiers were lying dead in the grass
+      and weeds, and as many more were carried back to camp, prisoners.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Even while the houses were being consumed, Ralph went back to assist those
+      who had received the bullets of the sharpshooters. Some had fallen
+      overboard, and sunk in the stream. Others were lying as they had fallen,
+      their cold hands still grasping their weapons, which they would never use
+      again. One poor fellow was kneeling in the bottom of the boat, his finger
+      on the trigger of his musket, and his staring eyes fixed on the shore.
+      Ralph shuddered. Could he ever become inured to these dreadful sights?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Bill Elliott was leaning over the side of the boat, in a half-stupor. The
+      wound in his head had opened afresh, and the red stream was running down
+      his face, staining its ghastly whiteness crimson. His arm hung useless by
+      his side, shattered by a bullet. Opening his eyes at the sound of Ralph's
+      voice, he whispered faintly: &ldquo;I thought you'd come arter me. They've fixed
+      me this time, sure,&rdquo; and he relapsed into unconsciousness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A litter was soon hurried together, and Old Bill was placed in hospital.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0083" id="linkimage-0083"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0118m.jpg" alt="0118m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0118.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0009" id="link2HCH0009"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER IX. FAIR OAKS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0084" id="linkimage-0084"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9119.jpg" alt="9119 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9119.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      HE Johnnies <span class="pagenum">[111]</span><a name="link111"      id="link111"></a>are busy these times, aren't they?' &ldquo;And so are we,
+      chasing them up. I don't see that we are any nearer Richmond than we were
+      a month or so ago.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Nor we won't be,&rdquo; broke in another man, &ldquo;if General McClellan repeats his
+      Yorktown tactics. Perhaps, by the time we get to Richmond, we'll find some
+      'Quaker guns' there.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;It must have been kind of disheartening to the boys after lying 'round a
+      place a month to have the rebs move out just as they were getting ready to
+      go in, and find they had left a lot of wooden guns behind.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      All the next day the soldiers were working on the redoubts, and wholly
+      unaware of the surprise in store for them. May 31st dawned, and while they
+      were still fortifying their position, a tremor ran through the line. &ldquo;The
+      Confederates are upon us!&rdquo; was the cry, and as they tossed aside the
+      shovels, the Confederates charged upon them with their well-known &ldquo;yell&rdquo;
+       that so often echoed and re-echoed on the battle-field.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But they found brave men ready to repel their assault. The Chickahominy
+      had swollen to such a height that bridges were carried away in its mad
+      rush. General McClellan had thrown the left wing of his forces across the
+      stream, but it was impossible to get reinforcements to their help.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Both sides showed unexampled bravery. General Johnston moved on toward
+      Richmond, six miles away, where he halted, for the purpose of striking the
+      detached wing of the Union forces. The rise of the river had hampered the
+      movements of the latter, and it seemed as if capture was certain.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The half-finished redoubts had been occupied by General Casey's <span
+      class="pagenum">[112]</span><a name="link112" id="link112"></a>division of
+      Keys' corps, and although they rallied several times, it was in vain. The
+      rebels, made a detour, and stole upon their rear, and they could no longer
+      hold them. Their line was in danger.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Meanwhile General Johnston's evident intention was to bring up a heavy
+      flanking force between General Casey and the river whose banks had risen
+      so unluckily for the Federals, cutting off all hopes of reinforcements.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And now a magnificent exhibition of courage was shown by Sumner. He
+      expected orders to go to the rescue, and his men were drawn up in line
+      ready for the summons. One bridge alone remained with which to cross the
+      river, and its approaches were under water. Some of its supports were
+      gone, and as the soldiers stepped upon it, the frail structure swayed to
+      and fro, mid the rushing waters, but they passed over as speedily and
+      safely as though it were a solid piece of masonry.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      General Sumner's appearance was most opportune. He met the flank attack,
+      and was victorious. The slaughter was fearful. In this battle 12,000 men
+      gave up their lives&mdash;5,000 Northern men, and 7,000 Southern.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      General Johnston fell, a Federal shot having taken effect. He was carried
+      off the field, and at first it was feared by the Confederates that his
+      wound was mortal, but after some months of suffering and enforced
+      retirement he recovered, and a year after assumed command of the
+      Confederate forces of the Mississippi.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph was sent with one of the details to bury the dead and bring in the
+      wounded. Trenches were dug, and the dead piled in them. Many were left
+      where the last shot had struck them down, and earth was heaped upon them.
+      The ground was literally blood-soaked. The dead were everywhere&mdash;the
+      battle-field was one vast graveyard, with its tenants left unburied.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph entered a little log house in a pasture near the railroad, and
+      seated himself on a bench for a moment's rest. Just outside the door, he
+      found the dead and the wounded packed so close that he could scarcely
+      avoid stepping on them. To distinguish <span class="pagenum">[113]</span><a
+      name="link113" id="link113"></a>them was a hard task, for the wounded lay
+      there so quiet and motionless, fast in that silent resignation born of
+      despair, that, save for the dull blackness that covered the faces of those
+      from whom life had fled, it would be easy to mistake the living for the
+      dead.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0085" id="linkimage-0085"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9121m.jpg" alt="9121m " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9121.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      All sorts and ages were there, in one mass&mdash;the boy, who had gone
+      from home, ardent and hopeful, the old man who had left the record of an
+      honorable life behind him; officers who had cheered their commands on to
+      victory, privates who had fought fearlessly&mdash;all lay there, while
+      horses had fallen dead across their riders, or were struggling in agony.
+      The picture was horrible! He was r e minded of h is duty by the voice of
+      an old man, who came into the room where he was musing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;This is a cruel war, sir!&rdquo; he said to Ralph. &ldquo;I've been raised here, man
+      and boy, nigh onto seventy years, and I never thought, when I played in
+      these fields, that I should ever live to see them desecrated with human
+      blood.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph <span class="pagenum">[114]</span><a name="link114" id="link114"></a>raised
+      his head, and looked at him earnestly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;No,&rdquo; the old man continued, &ldquo;I have looked for the coming of the Lord'
+      these many years, but I never thought He would come in blood and smoke,
+      and the noise of battle.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;What do you mean?&rdquo; the boy asked, breathlessly. &ldquo;How has the Lord come?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Has He not come to set human beings free? Is not the black man's bondage
+      nearly over? Is not slavery doomed? Then the only blot upon the fair name
+      of America will be wiped out. The North and South will become brothers
+      again, and go hand in hand in all worthy undertakings. Thus, as one family
+      again, they will march on, to a grand and glorious destiny.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;If my mother could hear him talk!&rdquo; his listener thought. &ldquo;What does he
+      mean by the blacks being set free?&rdquo; For the Proclamation of Emancipation
+      had not yet been given to the world, and the position of the slaves during
+      hostilities had not been settled.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Are you a Northerner?&rdquo; he asked the old man.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;No, I am a Southerner,&rdquo; with a tinge of pride in his tones. &ldquo;How do you
+      dare say such things?&rdquo;.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I am an old man, and they call me childish and silly. But I love my
+      country, and I want to see her truly great.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Have you always talked in this way?&rdquo; queried Ralph, puzzled at the old
+      man's language and manners.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Always. Oh, I have paid dearly for my opinions. I have had my house torn
+      down over my head, I have suffered in my young days; but I have lost all I
+      ever loved, and they pity me now. I know I shall live to see my prayer
+      answered&mdash;that we may become a free and united country. Then I shall
+      be ready to die. Yes, it comes to that with old and young. We must all be
+      ready to die at any moment.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      With a courteous nod to Ralph, he passed out of the door, and the boy was
+      left alone.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We must be ready to die at any moment!&rdquo; The words sounded like a knell to
+      Ralph. Was <i>he</i> ready to die? He had, been carefully nurtured by that
+      blessing to a child, a praying mother, <span class="pagenum">[115]</span><a
+      name="link115" id="link115"></a>and his boyish days were spent in the
+      Sabbath school. Like all in the springtime of life, death seemed afar off,
+      something that would not approach him for many years. Death was the
+      expected portion of the old, but he had always resolutely put aside all
+      thoughts of a future that did not belong to this life.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Now these words came home like a shock. Was he ready? He had never been a
+      bad boy, in any sense, but still he was not ready or willing to die. At
+      that possibility his courage forsook him; memory went swiftly back to many
+      a childish piece of wrong-doing, which, under the fear of death, he
+      magnified into black and unpardonable sins. Filled with sorrow and
+      repentance he fell on his knees on the hard floor of that little cabin,
+      with the dead so near him, and cried&mdash;&ldquo;Help, O Lord, or I perish!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      A wave of tender feeling swept over his soul, and his mother's favorite
+      psalm, the 118th which she had read to him so often, came to his
+      remembrance, and one verse was as music to him,&mdash;&ldquo;The Lord is on my
+      side; I will not fear. What can man do unto me?&rdquo; He rose to his feet,
+      refreshed and made strong.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0086" id="linkimage-0086"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0123m.jpg" alt="0123m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0123.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0010" id="link2HCH0010"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER X. CAMP FUN.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0087" id="linkimage-0087"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9124.jpg" alt="9124 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9124.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      HAT time <span class="pagenum">[116]</span><a name="link116" id="link116"></a>should
+      not hang heavy on their hands, much inventive genius was brought into
+      play, and no schoolboys, famous for their ability in making up games,
+      could equal these grown men in originating sports to fill in the hours
+      that otherwise would have been exceedingly dull. Some such safety-valve
+      was necessary, or else many would have broken down with memories of the
+      dear ones at home, and the depressing sights of war, and its hardships.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The camp echoed often with the songs so dear to all who can be moved by
+      tender thoughts. Many of the men were the possessors of rich, melodious
+      voices, that brought many a thrill of delight to their listeners, in their
+      tones.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph had a fine voice, and to please his comrades he often sang the sweet
+      old songs of childhood, while they listened with an enthusiasm and rounds
+      of applause that many a prima donna could not have inspired. Throwing
+      themselves around the blazing camp fire whose ruddy sparks flew
+      heavenward, the whole company would join him in singing the melodies with
+      hearty goodwill, and at those moments care and danger were forgotten. Now
+      he would give them a plaintive, gentle ditty that would make the eyes of
+      those brown-faced soldiers moist with emotion, as home pictures started
+      into life before them, and then a stirring song of patriotism and victory
+      would ring out, until the blood would leap in their veins, and each man
+      there was ready to attack any foe single-handed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But the boy's heart was heavy, even while his humble efforts in the
+      musical line were giving pleasure to his comrades. His constant prayer was
+      that some decisive move might be made, by which the war might be brought
+      to a speedy close. He <span class="pagenum">[117]</span><a name="link117"      id="link117"></a>was lonely, too, for &ldquo;Old Bill,&rdquo; as he always called
+      himself, had been in the hospital for some time, and he missed his cheery
+      ways.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0088" id="linkimage-0088"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0125m.jpg" alt="0125m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0125.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      One afternoon as he sat in his tent reading, he heard peals of boisterous
+      laughter ringing out upon the air. Going to the opening, he saw a group of
+      soldiers gathered round some object, and heard them chaffing some one whom
+      he could not see.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;What is the excitement, Harry?&rdquo; he asked a companion who had evidently
+      come from the scene of action.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I just came for you to pile out and see the fun. They've got <span
+      class="pagenum">[118]</span><a name="link118" id="link118"></a>one of our
+      boys, and are amusing themselves at his expense. Come on, or you'll be too
+      late. The performance will be over.&rdquo; Ralph hurried after Harry, who was
+      off like a deer, and going straight up to the group, he saw a crowd of men
+      tossing another one up in the air, and letting him fall into a blanket,
+      amid screams of laughter, and cries of &ldquo;Send him up higher!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Pickle him in his own salt!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Head him up in a barrel, and send him to the cook!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We'll make a high private in the rear rank of him!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Gently, boys,&rdquo; the victim panted. &ldquo;You don't want to be too hard on a
+      poor fellow for having a little joke of his own.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Who is it&mdash;what has he done?&rdquo; inquired Ralph, who didn't enjoy such
+      rough sport, and was really concerned lest they might carry it so far as
+      to injure the man.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;It's Corporal Fred Greene, the funny fellow of Co. H,&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Tim Mackey responded. &ldquo;It's his birthday, and we re celebrating it. And
+      he's having a high time.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Fred was a mischievous young fellow, who had just seen his twenty-third
+      birthday. If there was any chance for a joke on any member of the company,
+      he never lost the opportunity of making the most he could out of it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In order to impress the fact that he had a birthday, he had invited a
+      score of his comrades to a &ldquo;small spread&rdquo; in his tent. The colored cook
+      was in the secret, and through his connivance, and the help of a few
+      cracker boxes draped with bunting, and some tin cans, he had succeeded in
+      making quite a tasty looking table. Before the banquet began, he made a
+      short speech of welcome, which was responded to in good faith by Franklin
+      Field, who was deputed to do the speaking on all occasions, as he had
+      quite a gift of extempore oratory.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Without further ceremony, Fred cordially pressed all of them to &ldquo;fall to.&rdquo;
+       Just at this interesting moment, the cook, a loose-jointed, wrinkled old
+      darkey, whose huge mouth looked as if it was always ready to utter a
+      guffaw, entered the tent, and scraping and bowing to the &ldquo;gemmens,&rdquo; broke
+      out with&mdash;&ldquo;Sorry to put back your 'joyment, Massa Fred, but youse
+      wanted outside, bad.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Fred <span class="pagenum">[119]</span><a name="link119" id="link119"></a>rose,
+      and with a graceful salute to his guests, begged them, in a most elaborate
+      manner, to attack the food, which was entirely at their service. It was
+      unfortunate that he should be disturbed at such a moment, but duty called
+      him, and he would return at the earliest opportunity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;This black rascal is bound I shan't have my share, but fall to, friends.&rdquo;
+       Once outside, he hunted a safe hiding place waited behind a hedge.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0089" id="linkimage-0089"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0127m.jpg" alt="0127m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0127.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Those left behind sat a moment lost in wonder as to where the good things
+      sprang from. They did look inviting to these devourers of hard tack and
+      bacon. The table had for a centerpiece a fine-looking chicken, flanked on
+      both wings by oranges, potatoes roasted in the ashes, canned fruit, and&mdash;two
+      huge cakes!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Where did Fred get these dainties? He's too lazy to forage, and I don't
+      believe he could buy them at the sutler's tent. His <span class="pagenum">[120]</span><a
+      name="link120" id="link120"></a>credit, ain't good enough,&rdquo; was the
+      comment made by one of his &ldquo;friends.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Never mind where he got 'em,&rdquo; a gaunt, hungry-looking fellow answered.
+      &ldquo;Let's try 'em fust, and investigate afterwards.&rdquo; No further urging was
+      necessary. They all &ldquo;fell to,&rdquo; as they had been ordered, but the wry
+      faces, choking, gasping breath, and muttered expletives, as one after
+      another bit into some tempting morsel to find a mouth filled with salt,
+      pepper or sand, would have been a subject for a painter. The chicken was a
+      sham; its unusual plumpness was due to a liberal stuffing of cotton
+      batting, the oranges were well sanded, while the cake was plentifully
+      seasoned with salt and pepper&mdash;two condiments that are very well in
+      proper proportions, but rather nauseating when taken in large doses.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They rose in a body&mdash;all were of one mind when they rushed out after
+      their host, who was making for the woods at the other end of camp. A dozen
+      fleet-footed men soon overtook him, and, bringing him back, proceeded to
+      inflict summary punishment, amid roars of laughter, for he was liked by
+      every man of the company.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Fred didn't play any more jokes upon those boys, and after his undesired
+      elevation, he was quite subdued. But they all forgave him, and &ldquo;Fred's
+      birthday party&rdquo; passed into a byword, when some illustration was needed to
+      indicate a good time.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph was homesick. It was useless to disguise the fact, for it began to
+      tell upon his health. Malaria had fastened its strong hand upon him, and
+      he grew more listless every day. He did not waver in his duties, however,
+      and when marching orders came, he was among the first to pack his knapsack
+      and shoulder his musket.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[121]</span><a name="link121" id="link121"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0090" id="linkimage-0090"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0129m.jpg" alt="0129m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0129.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0011" id="link2HCH0011"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XI. SOUTH MOUNTAIN.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0091" id="linkimage-0091"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9130.jpg" alt="9130 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9130.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      HE summer <span class="pagenum">[122]</span><a name="link122" id="link122"></a>of
+      1862 was hot and dry. Streams were parched, the grass was brown and
+      burned. The army trailed through the dust, and lay down at night footsore,
+      weary and sick. Often the only water they had to drink was supplied by
+      &ldquo;brackish&rdquo; ponds, whose surface was covered with greenish slime. Fevers
+      and malaria broke out among the regiments, and dissatisfaction was loud
+      and outspoken. Now and then a brush would take place, or a skirmishing
+      party would sally out, surprise a party of Confederates, bringing some of
+      them into camp prisoners.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Knapsacks and rations ready by seven in the morning!&rdquo; Fred Greene said,
+      one September afternoon as they were watching eagerly and impatiently for
+      some move to be made. .
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Sure its not another of your jokes, corporal?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;No joke this time, as you'll find to your sorrow, perhaps.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;How many days' rations are we to carry along?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Can't say. We're going out to interview General Lee. His victory at
+      Manassas the other day has given him the idea that he can bring the whole
+      State of Maryland into his army. He's traveling in that direction. He has
+      a poster out inviting the Marylanders to enlist, but by all we hear, it
+      won't bring many valuable accessions to his ranks.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Why not?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;For two reasons. If they want to enlist, they'll do so, without his
+      starting recruiting offices. Most of the able-bodied men who wanted to go
+      to war did so long since. Then again, most of the Marylanders are fond of
+      the old flag. The State has never left the Union. General Lee is a fine
+      military man, but he <span class="pagenum">[123]</span><a name="link123"      id="link123"></a>surely don't understand the people he's trying to
+      interest. Hallo! what's a woman doing here? She's coming this way.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      A woman, dressed in cheap, but neat and tidy-looking clothing, and holding
+      the hands of two sad-eyed, poorly attired children, was making her way
+      toward them. A soldier stepped up to her, and with a pleasant smile asked
+      her if she was looking for any one.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0092" id="linkimage-0092"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9131.jpg" alt="9131 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9131.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The woman looked earnestly into his face, as she said&mdash;&ldquo;You'uns all
+      look kind. Can you show me whar to find Peter Hall?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The man looked puzzled, and uncertain as to how to answer her.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Don't know him, ma'am. What regiment is he in?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I can't tell you, sir. He is my man, and he 'lowed he wouldn't go against
+      the old flag, for any one. The neighbors said he was a traitor to the
+      cause, and wouldn't give him any work. So he went off in the night, and
+      told me he'd make his way into the Union army, and as soon as he could
+      he'd send me word whar he was. He 'lowed I could take care of the babies
+      somehow, but I've found it mighty hard work to get bread for 'em often.
+      They're good children, though, no better nowhar, and they don't complain,
+      not even when they're hungry. I heard you'uns were in the neighborhood,
+      and I thought as perhaps you'd know whar my Peter is.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Boys!&rdquo; the soldier cried to a group who were listening at a little
+      distance. &ldquo;Do any of you know Pete Hall?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;<i>Peter</i> Hall,&rdquo; the woman corrected, with great dignity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Excuse <span class="pagenum">[124]</span><a name="link124" id="link124"></a>me,
+      ma'am; <i>Peter</i> Hall, I meant to say.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Why, certain, I know him,&rdquo; a man answered. &ldquo;He's in the Second Maryland,
+      and they're over there, on the brow of that hill. Go right over, ma'am.
+      You'll find him, I hope,&rdquo; he added in a lower tone. &ldquo;Don't be afraid. No
+      one will harm you.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Me and the children have walked twelve miles since yesterday noon, and we
+      want to see Peter bad. He'd have come out and met us, I know he would, if
+      he'd have thought we were so near,&rdquo; she added, with refreshing simplicity.
+      The idea of Peter's leaving his company, even for so important a matter as
+      meeting her, caused a general laugh, which she did not seem to observe,
+      but continued&mdash;&ldquo;You see, we have moved since Peter went away, and he
+      doesn't know where we live now.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;God bless the woman and her Peter,&rdquo; was the honest invocation sent after
+      her, as she hurried away in the direction pointed out, and they were
+      rewarded a few moments later, by seeing a soldier spring up from the grass
+      where he had been lounging, and hasten forward to receive the greeting of
+      his wife, who sobbed for joy upon his breast, while the little ones could
+      only jump and shout in the fullness of their pleasure at seeing &ldquo;Pa.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Many a man stood there, and silently wished some of their loved ones could
+      meet and greet them also.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The entrance of the boys in blue into Frederick was a perfect ovation.
+      General Lee had retired from the town only two days before.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This welcome thrilled their hearts. From every door and window the
+      national flag fluttered, and the stores were decorated with the colors.
+      Banners were strung across the streets, from house to house, while crowds
+      of happy men and women with radiant faces, spoke words of welcome.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Good luck seemed to be showered upon them, for General McClellan here
+      captured a copy of the orders of General Lee, which gave him a key to the
+      whole situation. It was of very recent date, and the Confederate commander
+      had mapped out his campaign. The <span class="pagenum">[125]</span><a
+      name="link125" id="link125"></a>information contained in these explicit
+      instructions to his generals, enabled General McClellan to see plainly how
+      to thwart General Lee. So he proceeded to send two corps through the two
+      Gaps of South Mountain, with the prospect of being able to cut the enemy's
+      forces to pieces.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0093" id="linkimage-0093"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9133.jpg" alt="9133 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9133.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Dividing his command, General McClellan ordered Franklin to Crampton's
+      Gap, while Reno and Hooker, with Burnside at their head, were sent to
+      Turner's Gap.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was a toilsome task for even those sturdy men to ascend the sides of
+      the Gaps. South Mountain towered a thousand feet above them, while the
+      most accessible points were the two Gaps, each nearly 400 feet high.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We've got to reach the top of those hills somehow,&rdquo; Ralph said. &ldquo;But it's
+      one step forward, and three backward. Our men are gaining a little. They
+      show splendid pluck.&rdquo; Clambering, toiling up the rocky hillsides, the
+      Union forces made their painful way. From behind ledges and trees, the
+      rebel riflemen marked their slow progress, and sent many a man to his
+      death. The company to which Ralph belonged was under Reno, and assaulted
+      the southern crest of Turner's Gap. On the northern crest of the mountain
+      General Hooker, with splendid courage, kept on.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[126]</span><a name="link126" id="link126"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0094" id="linkimage-0094"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0134m.jpg" alt="0134m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0134.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Ralph now realized how desperately men will fight. He even felt that hot
+      hatred which two foes ever feel, when pitted against each other. He saw
+      the Federal army, scratched and bruised from forcing their way through the
+      brush and over rocks, while the Confederate riflemen poured bullets into
+      their midst like <span class="pagenum">[127]</span><a name="link127"      id="link127"></a>rain. Hot, and panting with their efforts, still they
+      never wavered. Gibbon, with his brigade, was trying to force a passage
+      through the turnpike in the Gap, and here also the enemy did terrible
+      execution. The heat was blistering. The fervid rays of the September sun
+      burned into their very blood, and the dust which rose in clouds mixed with
+      the smoke of the powder, and choked and blinded them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0095" id="linkimage-0095"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9135.jpg" alt="9135 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9135.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      They had fought continuously the entire day. Their canteens were empty&mdash;their
+      mouths parched and dry. Ralph saw a tall officer spur his horse forward,
+      and fire at General Reno. That gallant soldier reeled in his saddle, and
+      fell, but as he was borne to the rear to die, his eyes were fixed on the
+      men he had so gallantly led, with a last look of farewell.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This contest was long. Each side fought to the death. As Ralph turned to
+      speak to a companion he heard a wild shout: &ldquo;Forward! One more such
+      charge, and we'll have the Gap.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      It was the colonel's voice, and as he rose in his saddle and cheered them
+      on, they took fresh courage. Wild responses answered his appeal, and new
+      strength was given them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We are sure of victory,&rdquo; Ralph said to himself, At that instant a horse
+      dashed madly by. He bore General Garland, of the Confederate force, who
+      was lying half across his back, as he was vainly striving to raise himself
+      in the saddle. His hat rolled down the hill as he came to the ground with
+      a shock; his fine features were distorted with pain, and his long, dark
+      hair was dabbled with blood. He made one frantic effort to recover <span
+      class="pagenum">[128]</span><a name="link128" id="link128"></a>his sword,
+      which had slid from his grasp, and then he sank half on his knees, a livid
+      corpse. Ralph was so near he could almost have touched him, and to his
+      dying day, he never forgot the look of agony on the wan face, as the eyes
+      fast glazed in death.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Darkness settled down upon the earth, before the battle was won, by the
+      Confederates withdrawing and leaving the Union forces masters of the
+      field. But what a sacrifice of human life!&mdash;three thousand human
+      beings sent into eternity, as the result of one day's conflict.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The loss of life was felt equally by the two opposing forces; but the boys
+      in gray suffered a loss of fifteen hundred, who were taken prisoners.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The night was warm. The stars looked down with kindly gleams upon
+      thousands of worn-out soldiers sleeping as quietly as little children,
+      while the wounded were groaning with pain, as the life-blood slowly
+      trickled over the grass which the hot sun and the trampling of feet and
+      stamping of horses had matted into a tangled and brown mass.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph's captain threw himself down by the side of the boy, as he was
+      trying to shut out the dreadful pictures which were burned upon his brain.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Is the victory ours?&rdquo; he asked.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;It is, and a dear one to us,&rdquo; the captain replied. &ldquo;We have left over a
+      thousand dead upon the field; but the Johnnies have moved off, and we have
+      orders to push on to the western side of the mountain. They raked us down
+      in terrible fashion, but the men stood their fire like statues. There was
+      some heavy firing over at the other Gap a while back, but it has stopped
+      now. Hallo!&rdquo; he called to a man in the uniform of an officer, &ldquo;where are
+      you going in such a hurry? Has anything happened&mdash;any new move
+      ahead?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The man stopped suddenly, and coming up close to them, with features
+      convulsed and pallid, with either pain or fear, he made answer:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Oh, captain, I'm sure I'll die, I'm in such misery. I'm all doubled <span
+      class="pagenum">[129]</span><a name="link129" id="link129"></a>up, and
+      can't sleep. I'm in perfect agony. There&mdash;there goes that twinge
+      again. I must try and find my regiment, and hunt up the doctor right
+      away.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph looked incredulous at the man's apparent suffering. He felt sure it
+      was a pretense. &ldquo;It's strange that he's so far away from his command, and
+      going in an exactly opposite direction. Can it be that he's going to
+      skip?&rdquo; This was a painful thought, and brought an angry flush to his brow,
+      for he held nothing in such scorn, amounting to abhorrence, as he did
+      cowardice or dishonesty.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Are you going in the right direction to join your company? If you keep on
+      the way you are faced, you'll be more than likely to find some friendly
+      boy in gray to snap you up.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The officer looked steadily at him a moment, while his face turned
+      scarlet.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Your advice is not required, sir. I shall remember your incivility at a
+      more fitting time.&rdquo; And he stalked away, quite oblivious of the anguish
+      that had racked him so short a time before.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;That fellow must be a mind-reader,&rdquo; laughed the captain. &ldquo;He plainly knew
+      what you thought about him. But seriously, your opinion was rather harsh;
+      he's probably shamming to get excused from duty. For the honor of our
+      cause I should hope no officer would be guilty of such dastardly conduct.
+      Nor a private, either,&rdquo; he added, a moment after, &ldquo;for the boys who carry
+      the muskets have true grit, and don't run, only after the enemy.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I know that's so, but when I saw him making such haste to get away, the
+      suspicion would come into my mind. To me it seems a shame for a man with a
+      spark of cowardice to wear a uniform.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0012" id="link2HCH0012"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XII. MORE FIGHTING.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0096" id="linkimage-0096"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9138.jpg" alt="9138 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9138.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      ALPH arose <span class="pagenum">[130]</span><a name="link130" id="link130"></a>from
+      the heap of leaves and brush which had served him for a bed the night
+      through, with his bones aching and sore. The army was already stirring,
+      for although the Passes were won, there was promise of another engagement
+      at once. Word was passed along the line that General Lee had withdrawn his
+      forces and crossed the Antietam, where he took up his position on a high
+      bluff near Sharpsburg, and was thus able to command a view of the whole
+      country. But he had met with great losses, from the dead in battle, and
+      from stragglers. He realized the injury the latter had done him; indeed,
+      he complained openly and bitterly, saying that his army was &ldquo;ruined by
+      straggling.&rdquo; But the best men of his army were still left with him&mdash;picked
+      men, of splendid courage and vast endurance. He was determined that the
+      coming battle should decide the campaign, and he waited calmly its issue.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Lee has the choice of positions,&rdquo; the men said. &ldquo;He has both flanks
+      resting on the streams. He has the whole four bridges across the creek
+      well guarded; that is, all but one, and that's the point we have to take.
+      We intend to call the attention of the Johnnies to our point of attack,
+      and throw our entire strength against the bridge that is left unguarded,
+      and then cross. They say Lee hasn't much over 40,000 men, but they are a
+      body we shall be proud to meet, and whip.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The artillery practice on both sides was sharp all day, but not much
+      execution was done. At nearly five in the afternoon General Hookers corps
+      made, a dash across the upper bridge, and advancing through the woods,
+      fell upon General Hoods brigade, and a fierce skirmish followed, but the
+      darkness brought it to <span class="pagenum">[131]</span><a name="link131"      id="link131"></a>a close for that night, and both armies rested, eager for
+      the morning light, that they might rush at each other again.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Before sunrise General McClellan hurried Mansfield's corps to Hookers aid,
+      while Sumner was ready to follow.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The renewal of hostilities began early. As the sun rose, his beams lighted
+      up the two armies, angry and threatening. General Hooker threw his forces
+      with vigor against General Jackson's, and pressed him so hard he fell
+      back. The batteries came promptly to the front, and raked the Confederates
+      with shot the entire length of their line, breaking their ranks in wild
+      haste.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Crowding and forcing them back, General Mansfield came to the Unionists'
+      aid, when a shot struck him, and he fell dead, but his command kept on,
+      and entering the woods, got their position and held it, against immense
+      odds. General Hooker here received a serious wound, and was carried away,
+      just as General Sumner crossed the stream, drove the boys in gray before
+      him, and entrenched his men near the little church of Dunker. Here the
+      fighting raged so madly, and the artillery fire was so heavy, that a
+      historian relates that years after, when the trees were cut down and sent
+      to a sawmill to be made into logs, the saws were torn to pieces by the
+      quantity of metal that had pierced the trees, and been hidden there by the
+      growth of the wood. But in spite of this vigorous fire, no irresolution
+      was shown, and as fast as men were shot down at the guns, others were
+      ready to take their places, with undismayed zeal.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A lull occurred, and as the sounds of firing seemed to die away, there was
+      great rejoicing, for to the Federal army a victory was apparently assured,
+      when the hope was suddenly dispelled by the arrival of two divisions of
+      the enemy, who, with a loud yell, threw themselves into a gap in Sumner's
+      line, forcing him from his position, and across the meadows and
+      cornfields, where he made a stand, but the foe retired again to its own
+      position.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[132]</span><a name="link132" id="link132"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0097" id="linkimage-0097"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0140m.jpg" alt="0140m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0140.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Harry, see those regiments,&rdquo; Ralph said to a fellow soldier&mdash;&ldquo;look
+      at the race. Which will come out ahead, I wonder? They are pretty well
+      matched&mdash;both are fleet-footed.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      It was a race, indeed. A New Hampshire regiment was marching parallel with
+      a Confederate regiment, and each were intent on reaching a certain high
+      piece of ground. As they ran, the bullets whizzed <span class="pagenum">[133]</span><a
+      name="link133" id="link133"></a>back and forth, from both sides, and these
+      pleasantries were kept up.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The Johnnies are ahead&mdash;no, they have fallen back a little. The New
+      Hampshire boys are in the lead now. They've reached the ground. Hurrah!&rdquo;
+       shouted Harry, and in his excitement he threw up his cap, and caught it on
+      the point of his bayonet. As soon as the winners gained the coveted point,
+      they poured shot into their late rivals' ranks.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0098" id="linkimage-0098"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:30%;">
+      <img src="images/8141.jpg" alt="8141 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8141.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The artillery was heaviest near the church, and the dead lay so thick that
+      they could have formed a foot bridge the entire length of the line.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Wonder why Porter and Burnside keep so still?&rdquo; This question was asked
+      again and again. &ldquo;See the rebs mowing down our men like ripe grass! Why
+      don't they come to our assistance?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;They are keeping their troops as reserves. The Confeds don't hold any of
+      their men back, but launch every one of them at us.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;That don't seem to me to be the right policy,&rdquo; said Ralph. &ldquo;But look&mdash;Franklin
+      has come up from Crampton's Gap just in the nick of time. He is very
+      welcome, for there are fresh troops advancing, from the right flank of the
+      boys in gray.&rdquo; Franklin's opportune coming infused new hope, and the boys'
+      <span class="pagenum">[134]</span><a name="link134" id="link134"></a>eyes
+      brightened, cheery words went round, and muskets were handled with a will.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;General Burnside's orders are to take that bridge. We've got to do it; it
+      won't be very much work, and then we'll soon be over to see our friends on
+      the other side.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You think that's easy, do you? Wait and see. We're on low ground here,
+      but the land over the other side is higher, and the road runs alongside
+      the stream. Those fellows have their guns well placed, and can damage us
+      bad.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The bridge they were expected to take, was of stone, and rather narrow.
+      The first brigade to attempt to cross was General Crook's.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Hark! he's gone the wrong way. The rebels are pouring shot into him.
+      He'll be cut all to pieces.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The General had struck the wrong road, and was being subjected to a heavy
+      fire. A Maryland regiment and a New Hampshire followed him on the double
+      quick, but retreated, as they could not stand the fire!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;There is help for us now,&rdquo; said Ralph, &ldquo;for they are bringing up some
+      guns that will speak loud for our side.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Two heavy guns were soon thundering over the ground, and commanding the
+      boys in gray who were guarding the bridge? Their persuasive tones opened
+      the passage, and triumphantly the Union men crossed the bridge, and
+      secured the position.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Four hours had been consumed, and thus General Lee improved his chance to
+      bring fresh troops to his aid, who drove Burnside from the heights, and
+      retook a battery which he had captured.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The battle was over. When the rattle of musketry is heard, the smoke of
+      battle, and the wild plunging of the frightened horses, and the shouts and
+      fierce onset of a maddened mass of human beings is felt, there is an
+      excitement, a fever in the blood that strengthens the arm, and hardens the
+      muscles&mdash;thoughts of self are forgotten. But when those
+      accompaniments are missing&mdash;when the awful stillness of a deserted
+      battle-ground succeeds them, then the heart grows faint and cold.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[135]</span><a name="link135" id="link135"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0099" id="linkimage-0099"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0143m.jpg" alt="0143m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0143.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Both <span class="pagenum">[136]</span><a name="link136" id="link136"></a>armies
+      were glad to rest; both sides had been rent and dismembered. Many
+      regiments in both lines had been slaughtered unmercifully. The victory
+      belonged to McClellan, but the sorrow and anguish belonged to those who
+      loved the fallen ones&mdash;to the friends alike of the blue and the gray,
+      in cottage and mansion, all over this broad land of ours.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0100" id="linkimage-0100"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:30%;">
+      <img src="images/8145.jpg" alt="8145 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8145.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Daily papers were a luxury, and the boys in the army were always glad to
+      purchase them at a good round price. The newsboy is ubiquitous. He is the
+      product of the century, and will never be shelved as are so many useful
+      things. Their cries were welcome to those men, who were anxious to know
+      what each day was bringing forth and when one galloped into camp, two days
+      after the battle of the Antietam with a bag heavily freighted with New
+      York dailies, he was surrounded at once, and his stock rapidly melted
+      away.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Good news!&rdquo; flashed through the ranks as they eagerly devoured the news
+      of the battle of Iuka, with Rosecrans at the head.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;It was a daring attempt,&rdquo; Ralph read aloud to the eager group; &ldquo;the
+      account says that the Union forces attacked Price's men in a narrow front,
+      with ravines filled with undergrowth, where it was difficult to
+      maintaining a foothold, with but one battery, and with hosts against them,
+      three to one. Yet they swept down the enemy, and fought till darkness
+      overtook them, and in the night the Confederates beat a hasty retreat.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      This <span class="pagenum">[137]</span><a name="link137" id="link137"></a>news
+      cheered the hearts of the boys in blue, and while they were giving vent to
+      their joy in different ways, Ralph's heart was filled with a solemn
+      thankfulness, for to him it seemed as if One above surely ruled their
+      destinies.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0013" id="link2HCH0013"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XIII. OLD BILL DIES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0101" id="linkimage-0101"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9147.jpg" alt="9147 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9147.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      HE beautiful <span class="pagenum">[138]</span><a name="link138"      id="link138"></a>autumn days grew shorter. Novembers blasts were keenly
+      felt, even in that sunny clime, and the boys looked forward with dismay to
+      a winter passed in inaction.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Why, we'll have to fight to keep warm,&rdquo; jolly Fred Greene said to the
+      comrades gathered round.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Old Bill had been in hospital for many months. Ralph visited him often,
+      and the sick man's face would brighten, and his voice grow
+      stronger whenever the boy came to his bedside. But he seemed to have lost
+      interest in everything pertaining to this life. Ralph tried earnestly to
+      induce him to talk of the events passing around them, but without success.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      One morning early in November, when he went to pay his usual visit, the
+      boy said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Bill, this is my first experience as a soldier. But you have seen plenty
+      of service before?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The sick man shook his head slowly, but made no reply. Ralph waited a few
+      moments, and began to think his question had not been considered worthy of
+      an answer, when Bill suddenly spoke:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Yes, I have been out on the border fighting Indians, for years. How I
+      detest the redskins. They seldom come out and give a man a fair show, but
+      they just go on the warpath, and then it's skulk and lie in ambush, and
+      burn sleeping villages, massacring women and children. Their mode of
+      warfare don't suit me.&rdquo; And the disdainful curl of the lip showed what he
+      thought of them. After a long pause, he resumed:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Then I was in the Mexican War. I was quite a stripling then, and I fought
+      under General Phil Kearney. He was a fighter, <span class="pagenum">[139]</span><a
+      name="link139" id="link139"></a>brave as a lion, and when he lost his arm
+      not a man under him but would rather it had been his own arm shot away.
+      He's one 01 General McClellan's most trusty officers. His experience is
+      worth millions to younger men. How I'd like to see noble Phil Kearney!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Why, Bill, didn't you know that he was killed at the battle of Groveton,
+      Va., in September?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0102" id="linkimage-0102"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9148.jpg" alt="9148 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9148.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Kearney killed&mdash;and I've been lying here, and knew nothing about it!
+      It's too hard. Let's hear all you know, Ralph.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I can only tell you what we heard. You know we wasn't there to see it,
+      but he was sent to Hooker's support, when the lat-ter's men charged
+      Jackson with bayonets. They had an awful battle, but General Kearney had
+      been sent to their assistance too late, and he was forced back. Hooker
+      almost broke the enemy's line, but fresh bodies of Confederates hastening
+      up, changed the outlook, and so the Union boys were repulsed. At six in
+      the afternoon General Pope ordered another attack, and Kearney came up in
+      fine style, seizing a railroad cut on the Warrenton turnpike <span
+      class="pagenum">[140]</span><a name="link140" id="link140"></a>where
+      Jackson was nicely entrenched, and holding it for awhile. One of the
+      Confederate regiments who ran short of ammunition, hurled great stones and
+      fragments of the rocks at our men, killing many. General Kearney still
+      maintained his position, but was overpowered by numbers, and driven out of
+      the cut.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph paused, but Bill's eyes were gleaming with excitement &ldquo;Go on,&rdquo; he
+      said, earnestly&mdash;&ldquo;is that all?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The two armies rested till the next day, when a still fiercer attempt was
+      made to rout the rebels, but in spite of the most stubborn fighting, our
+      army was withdrawn from the field, and fell back to Fairfax Court House;
+      but the next evening, September 1st, Stonewall Jackson made another attack
+      upon General Popes flank, which was resisted hotly, and General Kearney,
+      with Hooker, Reno, McDowell and Stevens, were there to help, but General
+      Stevens fell dead at their fire, and as all their ammunition had been used
+      up, his men retired at once. General Kearney started forward to
+      reconnoiter, and was confronted by a Confederate band; he put spurs to his
+      horse, hoping to escape, but they shot him dead.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Bill shook his head solemnly, and leaning back on his pillow, he closed
+      his eyes, as if he had fallen asleep. Glad to have awakened even so slight
+      attention as he had succeeded in doing, the boy continued:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Bill, we have a new commander now. The President has relieved General
+      McClellan, and we are to have General Burnside. What do you think of
+      that?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      A look of the old time came into Bill's face, as he answered:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Yes, I have a new commander&mdash;one whose call will soon be heard!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph shuddered. He knew too well the meaning of Bills words.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I mean our army commander, Bill; General McClellan has been relieved of
+      his command, and General Burnside has been appointed in his place.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;General <span class="pagenum">[141]</span><a name="link141" id="link141"></a>McClellan&mdash;yes,
+      he's too slow. It needs some one with a little push. But it's all the same
+      to me, now.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      And that was all he said about the change. He lay on his cot, looking
+      intently at Ralph, and suddenly he broke out with&mdash;&ldquo;I don't know why
+      I'm so fond of you, boy, unless it's 'cause you mind me of Eddie. He was
+      just such a little plucky, fair-faced lad as you are, and I can't help
+      mixing you up with him.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph wondered who Eddie was, but he waited patiently. Bill's eyes burned
+      with a luster the boy had never seen there before. The sick man's face was
+      very thin. The brown tint that outdoor life always gives had faded, and
+      the sharp features looked more pinched and wan from their pallor. He went
+      on in a weak and trembling voice:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;She was a beauty, and I was powerful fond of her. Her eyes were like a
+      young fawn's, and her hair was brown as the chestnuts when they ripen in
+      the sun. She liked Frank better nor me, and she told me so. Then when they
+      were married, I hated him bitterly. But when the little fellow come, and
+      they sent for me, somehow from the first time I took the little tot in my
+      arms, and he smiled up into my face, all my anger died out. After that I
+      would have died sooner than harm his daddy. They were happy with each
+      other. But he died when the lad was ten or so, and left the poor wife
+      alone. I didn't know how to comfort her, and she grieved continually. One
+      day, when he was quite a lad, nearly sixteen, and needed his mother most,
+      they found her dead on her husband's grave. Ah, that is the way some women
+      love!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;That nigh killed me, but I meant to be a good friend to the boy. They
+      took even that comfort from me, for they carried him away down South to
+      his father's folks, and I never seed him again.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The man's face was fever-flushed now, and his words came almost in a
+      whisper. He tossed uneasily from side to side.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Ralph, my head bothers me&mdash;it aches so strangely. I wish&mdash;&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      But <span class="pagenum">[142]</span><a name="link142" id="link142"></a>the
+      wish was never told. A wild look came over his face, his words became
+      incoherent. A delirium had seized him, and kindly as he was tended by the
+      nurses and his comrades, he never regained his senses. A few days of
+      apparent suffering, and Bill Elliotts kindly heart ceased to beat. The
+      uncouth, rugged, but brave soldier had passed on to the Great Beyond.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0103" id="linkimage-0103"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0151m.jpg" alt="0151m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0151.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      It was late in the afternoon of a raw November day, while the winds
+      shrieked mournfully, when they carried him to a little valley in which
+      they had dug a grave, into whose depth they lowered the body of a brave
+      and true soldier, who never shirked a duty. The chaplain, a plain and
+      tender, man, read impressively that beautiful Psalm:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <i>&ldquo;Hear my cry, O God; attend unto my prayer. </i>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;From <span class="pagenum">[143]</span><a name="link143" id="link143"></a>the
+      end of the earth will I cry unto Thee, when my heart is overwhelmed; lead
+      me to the rock that is higher than I.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;For Thou hast been a shelter for me, and a strong tower from the enemy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I will abide in Thy tabernacle forever. I will trust in the covert of Thy
+      wings. Selah.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      In a clear and ringing voice he read the solemn burial service, and the
+      comrades of the dead soldier listened reverently. When he had concluded,
+      some one suggested that they sing, and a clear, sweet voice broke
+      plaintively into that exquisite hymn,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      &ldquo;<i>Abide with me, fast falls the eventide; </i>
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      The darkness deepens&mdash;Lord, with me abide; *
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      When other helpers fail, and comforts flee,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Help of the helpless, O abide with me.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The voice suddenly broke into a passion of tears, and Ralph threw himself
+      on the grave, which was fast being filled up, and cried&mdash;&ldquo;Bill, Bill,
+      you were my best friend&mdash;I cannot let you go.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      There were many looks of sympathy for the boy, but death was, after all,
+      nothing but a passing incident to men who faced it every hour, and as
+      Ralph went back to his tent, his heart rebelled at the levity which
+      allowed the merry jest to pass around, as to whose turn it would be next.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To him it was a new experience. He had seen hundreds of men shot down in
+      battle, but no one had died whom he had cared for, and it came home to
+      him. He had become deeply attached to Bill, whose cheerful, off-hand
+      manners had enlivened the homesick boy. He had lost his comrade, but his
+      memory was cherished, and he was missed for a long time.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0104" id="linkimage-0104"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0152m.jpg" alt="0152m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0152.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0014" id="link2HCH0014"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XIV. FREDERICKSBURG.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0105" id="linkimage-0105"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9153.jpg" alt="9153 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9153.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      T was <span class="pagenum">[144]</span><a name="link144" id="link144"></a>with
+      many forebodings and some outspoken prophecies of failure that many of the
+      Union officers learned that they were to move at once upon Fredericksburg.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;It looks to me like a mad freak to send us out to assault such
+      fortifications as are thrown up on the hills south and west of the town.
+      It isn't right for a soldier to grumble, but when he sees a man
+      perpetrating a piece of folly, that is going to cause a needless sacrifice
+      of life, why, he can't help expressing himself as opposed to the scheme.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The plaint of the captain found a ready echo in the hearts of his fellow
+      officers, but a soldier must obey instructions unquestioningly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Early morning hours came, the camp was astir, and all preparations were
+      made for a speedy move upon the fortifications.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Lee has thrown up forts for five miles will stand any attack that General
+      Burnside can make. We are going to our death.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      A two o'clock breakfast, eaten in haste in the fog of early morning, was
+      all that the men were allowed. The outlook was gloomy. The river must be
+      crossed, but while Burnside was trying to lay pontoon bridges, the
+      engineers were terribly harassed by the continuous fire of the rebel
+      sharpshooters, who were using the houses skirting the river bank as places
+      of refuge.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[145]</span><a name="link145" id="link145"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0106" id="linkimage-0106"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0154m.jpg" alt="0154m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0154.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      General Burnside determined to try the effect of shelling the town. The
+      men who were detailed to lay the pontoon bridges were falling at their
+      posts by the rifles in the hands of a Mississippi detachment which was
+      hidden securely in cellars, behind walls and fences, and in every corner
+      where it was possible to <span class="pagenum">[146]</span><a
+      name="link146" id="link146"></a>conceal a man. Crack! crack! their rifles
+      were heard, and many a boy in blue was tumbled into the water with a
+      bullet in his brain, to be carried away by the current. It was a fruitless
+      endeavor to keep on with the work, the loss of life was so great. The
+      Federals had better luck at the lower bridges, being able to dislodge the
+      sharpshooters from their rifle-pits.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;What are the prospects for crossing?&rdquo; asked Sergeant Gregory of an
+      officer who passed at that moment.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We'll be over somewhere about doomsday, judging from the outlook. The
+      three bridges we need the most can't be laid under the present regime.
+      We've got to evict those sharpshooters from the houses along the river
+      bank, for it's worse than murder to post our men there to be picked off in
+      that cruel fashion&mdash;all to no purpose, for bridges can never be built
+      when men are shot down as fast as they show their heads.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The country was hilly, now and then dotted with clumps of trees, while
+      barns, fences, and everything that was combustible, had been converted to
+      use by the two armies, as each in turn had passed over the land. All was
+      dreary and desolate. The sky was leaden-hued, save when a burst of flame
+      from the cannonading would lighten it for a short space, and then it would
+      die down, leaving it almost a pitchy blackness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      General Burnside's resolve to bombard the place had no power to oust the
+      sharpshooters, even when tons of shells were thrown into its streets,
+      setting fire to many of the buildings. When, after a brief rest, the
+      engineers resumed the construction of the bridges, the same result
+      followed&mdash;destruction of their numbers.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The town itself was almost impregnable, being completely encircled by
+      hills, save on the river side. These heights were bristling with forts,
+      entrenchments seamed them in every direction, and batteries were planted
+      in such profusion that no opening presented itself for attack. <span
+      class="pagenum">[147]</span><a name="link147" id="link147"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0107" id="linkimage-0107"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0156m.jpg" alt="0156m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0156.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      How long this slaughter would have continued it is hard to tell, <span
+      class="pagenum">[148]</span><a name="link148" id="link148"></a>but a happy
+      inspiration came to General Hunt, chief of artillery. He suggested that a
+      body of men could make a dash for the river, cross in boats, and besiege
+      the sharpshooters in the houses, driving them out, and taking possession.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The daring of the plan almost took away one's breath, but it seemed the
+      only way to silence the enemy's murderous fire, and it was quickly put in
+      execution. The pontoon boats lay at the river bank. A band of tried men
+      was selected for the perilous undertaking, who at a sign, without a sound
+      or word of command, rushed from their concealment, leaped into the boats,
+      shot out from the shore, and were half across the stream before the
+      Confederates realized their intention. Then came a shower of bullets from
+      their rifles, rattling like hailstones about the heads of the brave men,
+      who held boards up before them for protection, dodging the murderous fire
+      as well as they could, while those who were rowing pulled with a will, and
+      the boats were across the stream in swift time. A few were shot, falling
+      into the river, but the largest number went over safely.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Reaching the shore, the regiments ran up the hills, and succeeded in
+      forcing the sharpshooters from their lairs, capturing over a hundred of
+      them, while the rest fled to the hills.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The way was now clear for the completion of the bridges. A pontoon bridge
+      is a fine piece of ingenuity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Heavy boats, perfectly flat, often twenty feet in length, are anchored at
+      equal distances from each other, lengthwise of the current, and beams are
+      placed upon them to unite them; then strong, thick planks are laid across
+      the beams, thus making a steady, wide roadway, strong enough to endure the
+      weight of horses, heavy pieces of artillery, and the tramp of thousands of
+      men.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While the bridge was being made, the enemy did not remain quiet, but
+      dropped shells at various points along the river, which exploded, but
+      happily did little injury.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[149]</span><a name="link149" id="link149"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0108" id="linkimage-0108"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0158m.jpg" alt="0158m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0158.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The smoke of the artillery, the flames bursting from the houses, and the
+      struggling army of the Union exposed to a pitiless fire made a picture
+      which was never effaced from Ralph's mind, and <span class="pagenum">[150]</span><a
+      name="link150" id="link150"></a>years after, when he saw the panorama of
+      &ldquo;The Battle of Gettysburg,&rdquo; in Chicago, the memory of that day at
+      Fredericksburg came back with vivid force. He was once more a stripling,
+      in the midst of the noise and shock of battle, with comrades falling about
+      him, torn and mangled out of all semblance of human beings, while he was
+      miraculously preserved.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      That night the Union forces rested on the ground, in the mud and frost,
+      not far away from the pontoon bridge; and though they knew the morning
+      would plunge them into further conflict, yet tired limbs and aching heads
+      found the refreshing slumber which they needed. Early next morning, after
+      a hasty breakfast, they were ready for any events which the day might
+      bring forth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A heavy fog hid the other shore, while the air was cold and raw. Long
+      before the sun scattered the mists, cannonading began at the bridge, the
+      main point of attack, but the firing became so severe that orders were
+      issued for them to retire behind the bluffs.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At last the bridges were finished, and the army crossed to the other side
+      of the river, under the continuous shells of the enemy. Now began a
+      terrific struggle. General Franklin had advanced against the troops on the
+      hill, but they had repulsed him, with much loss. General Meade's division
+      was chosen to lead the attack. Down across the railroad they dashed, under
+      heavy fire, their skirmishers having been sent forward, while the
+      well-directed batteries hurled against the hills did some execution.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But the Confederates from their elevated positions poured destruction into
+      their ranks, mowing them down. The Union forces were not daunted, but made
+      an entering wedge between two rebel divisions, turned back their flanks,
+      and captured prisoners and battle flags. Scaling the heights, they were
+      met by the second line, which drove them back in confusion, and they were
+      only saved from utter rout by General Birney, who threw his command in
+      front of the enemy, who were pursuing them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0109" id="linkimage-0109"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0160m.jpg" alt="0160m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0160.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The sounds of battle grew louder, and as the divisions of French <span
+      class="pagenum">[151]</span><a name="link151" id="link151"></a>and Hancock
+      moved in columns through the town, the Confederate batteries burst upon
+      them, but they charged across the open ground, to be met by a veritable
+      sheet of flame, which swept into their faces, and literally consumed them.
+      No bravery, no determination, could withstand that awful fire of the
+      enemy, who <span class="pagenum">[152]</span><a name="link152" id="link152"></a>had
+      taken advantage of an ambush which nature had seemed to furnish them, from
+      whence they sent forth their deadly aim.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0110" id="linkimage-0110"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0161m.jpg" alt="0161m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0161.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      A road ran at the foot cf Marye's Hill, which had sunken so much as almost
+      to be unobserved, at a little distance. This road was bounded at its
+      outside edge by a stone wall, where were hidden two brigades of
+      Confederates, who had sent forth this <span class="pagenum">[153]</span>
+      <a name="link153" id="link153"></a>sheet of flame and death. Their numbers
+      were so great, that every man at the wall was assisted by several behind
+      him, who loaded muskets as fast as they could, and passed them to him,
+      while he discharged them as rapidly, leaving only his head exposed for an
+      instant, as he raised it to take aim.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the face of these fearful odds, the Union soldiers were undismayed. No
+      disorganization, no wavering in their ranks, but they kept on, only to
+      meet certain death.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And now General Hancock, he whose presence was an inspiration, led the
+      charge with 5,000 men, whose intrepid daring carried them within twenty
+      yards of the fatal wall, only to be beaten back, leaving 2,000 dead to
+      tell the tale of the slaughter at Marye's Hill.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      General Burnside was beside him himself with rage. In the face of these
+      defeats, he demanded that General Hooker make a bayonet charge, and those
+      doomed men rushed forward, with a valor never surpassed, rallying again
+      and again, until nearly half their number lay dead on the road, or torn
+      with fearful wounds.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0111" id="linkimage-0111"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0162m.jpg" alt="0162m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0162.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The rebel artillery was not idle, but as the Federals retreated, sent
+      shells after them, still plowing their numbers with deadly effect.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A heavy storm of rain came on in the night, and under cover of its
+      inclemency, the Union troops withdrew to the north bank of the
+      Rappahannock, although it had been General Burnside's determination <span
+      class="pagenum">[154]</span><a name="link154" id="link154"></a>to renew
+      the assault the next day, and lead it in person. This was a step which
+      needed a vast deal of dissuasion on the part of his generals ere he
+      relinquished his mad attempt.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Mud was over the shoe-tops, and the rain was falling fast when the Union
+      army received orders to evacuate the town, and no time was lost in
+      obeying. The pontoon bridges carried them safely across from the scene of
+      disaster, and left the army in a sorry plight.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Decimated in numbers, the dead alone counting 12,000, disappointed,
+      hospitals full to overflowing, the dead to bury, the predictions of defeat
+      had been bitterly realized. It is said that the <span class="pagenum">[155]</span><a
+      name="link155" id="link155"></a>brave and dashing General Meagher went
+      into that battle with the Irish brigade, over 1,200 strong, and came out
+      with a little over 200.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was plain that the men had been sacrificed through incompetency and
+      stubbornness. Murmurs and discontent were abundant, as the army prepared
+      to settle down in its winter quarters.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0112" id="linkimage-0112"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0164m.jpg" alt="0164m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0164.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0015" id="link2HCH0015"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XV. RALPH IS SENT HOME.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0113" id="linkimage-0113"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9165.jpg" alt="9165 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9165.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      FTER the <span class="pagenum">[156]</span><a name="link156" id="link156"></a>slaughter
+      at Fredericksburg, Ralph rapidly failed in strength. The excitement of
+      that scene of carnage and his increasing exhaustion told upon his frame.
+      He fulfilled his duty as well as he could; he was cheerful and alert; he
+      wrote more often to his dear mother without ever alluding to his health.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I can't understand what ails me,&rdquo; he thought. &ldquo;I have never received a
+      wound, while some of the boys who have been badly cut up are well again,
+      and seem as strong as ever. I do believe I miss Old Bill more every day. I
+      never felt sad or lonely when I had him to cheer me up.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      He grew daily worse. Often when on duty he would halt, with weak and
+      failing breath. He lost all desire for food, and his lusterless eyes and
+      pale skin told how he suffered.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;What seems to be the matter, sergeant?&rdquo; one of his comrades asked,
+      anxiously. &ldquo;You don't pear to have any vim about you. Why, if you hadn't
+      shown such pluck&mdash;fact is, if it was any one but you, I mout 'cuse
+      you of playing off.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I'm all right, Hank. I feel a little weak and have hard chills sometimes&mdash;but
+      I'll be better soon. I'm a little sick, that's all.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;That's enough. You ain't been yerself since we fit at Fair Oaks I've seen
+      it a long time. That malary from the swamps has finished many a strong
+      man.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      At last Ralph had to succumb. His condition was observed by the doctor,
+      who called the attention of his captain to the fact that he was no longer
+      fit for duty. And when one morning he was not able to report at early
+      <span class="pagenum">[157]</span><a name="link157" id="link157"></a>roll
+      call, it was with gloomy forebodings that he heard the order that he be
+      removed to the hospital at once.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Is this the end of my ambitious hopes?&rdquo; he queried. &ldquo;Am I going to die
+      when I am willing to serve my country? I would not mind being killed in
+      battle, as a soldier should be, but to die in hospital, far from my
+      mother. It is hard!&rdquo; And he buried his face in his pillow to hide the hot
+      tears that he could not keep back.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When weeks passed, and Ralph grew no better, the Colonels attention was
+      directed to his case. He was a severe disciplinarian, but he had a kindly
+      heart, and he speedily forwarded a recommendation to the war department
+      that Sergeant Gregory, Company K, Massachusetts Volunteers, be honorably
+      discharged from the service of the United States. A document granting the
+      request came back in due time, to the Colonel, who passed it to the
+      captain, and he handed it to Ralph, who could not repress his emotion.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I enlisted to the end of the war. I do not want a discharge. Could you
+      not have obtained me a sick leave? I know I shall be strong soon.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The doctor shook his head solemnly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You are not fit to march, or do active duty&mdash;perhaps' never will be.
+      The hardships incident to a campaign have broken you down. You were very
+      young to have undertaken them. I do not wish to wound your pride, but the
+      government does not want sick men on its rolls.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      So Ralph was given his papers, and after writing his mother a few lines,
+      saying that he was quite sick, lest his sudden coming should alarm her, he
+      was sent home by the same route by which he came. It was a painful
+      journey, not alone from his physical suffering, but his heart bled as he
+      noted the ruin that had been wrought in the land&mdash;the deserted
+      houses, the neglected fields, miserable-looking people, mostly women and
+      children, whose woe-begone faces told of the privations they were daily
+      enduring, uncomplainingly. The <span class="pagenum">[158]</span><a
+      name="link158" id="link158"></a>contrast between the early days of the war
+      and the present was bitter, and he felt how terribly real that war was to
+      these people. Their farms had been overrun by the tramping of two armies,
+      and each had equally despoiled them of their possessions&mdash;both were
+      alike unmindful and indifferent to their sorrow.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But brighter thoughts succeeded these gloomy musings, as he drew nearer to
+      his home, and already saw his beloved mother's sweet face, and felt her
+      warm kiss upon his cheek. But even in the Western country, as the train
+      stopped at the various stations, he noted careworn faces, and anxious
+      glances, as the murmured &ldquo;God bless you!&rdquo; was sent after the boys in blue.
+      There were several soldiers on the train, some going home on furlough, and
+      some on the same errand as Ralph&mdash;going home to recuperate, or,
+      perchance, to die.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When Ralph reached Chicago, he was glad to lie down on one of the benches
+      in the depot. He found he had to wait three hours for the train that would
+      convey him to his prairie home. The rest was welcome, and after a nap, and
+      a strong cup of coffee, he felt a little better; so much so that he
+      thought he would take a short walk of a block or so. The city was, so to
+      speak, in holiday attire. The streets were teeming with an excited yet
+      happy-looking people, and an unusual bustle pervaded them. He wondered why
+      every one was crowding to the edge of the sidewalks, and as he was about
+      to ask a bystander, he heard the tramp of many feet. How familiar the
+      sound of the steps was to his ear. The boys in blue were coming, he
+      thought, and again a wave of wounded pride came over him, as he realized
+      that he was shut out from the ranks, by reason of an illness which he
+      could not understand or conquer.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[159]</span><a name="link159" id="link159"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0114" id="linkimage-0114"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0168m.jpg" alt="0168m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0168.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      But no&mdash;these were not his comrades, he saw, as he looked curiously
+      at the long procession filing past him, closely guarded by the boys in
+      blue, who kept step, while the men they hurried along were the subjects of
+      ridicule from the thoughtless crowd. They were prisoners&mdash;these <span
+      class="pagenum">[160]</span><a name="link160" id="link160"></a>men, some
+      clad in the well-known gray, some wearing butternut suits, some of them
+      without coats or hats, their pants frayed and torn clear up to the knees.
+      Here would proudly march a clean-shaven, erect young fellow, with a suit
+      of gray, scarcely soiled, while at his side a mere shadow of a man, ragged
+      and dirty, would shamble along, barefooted and wild-eyed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nearly all of them were emaciated, while the expression upon their faces
+      was one of sullen despair. Men were there who were the flower and chivalry
+      of the South, who had staked their lives and fame upon the success of
+      their cause, and there were men who scarce knew for what or who they were
+      fighting. To the former defeat was bitter humiliation&mdash;to the latter
+      capture meant something to eat, and beyond that, they did not look. But to
+      the careless crowd who watched them pass, they were merely rebel
+      prisoners. No sympathy their anguish and shame was felt; no pity for their
+      long months of captivity, when heart and brain would chafe restlessly,
+      moved the crowd, who jeered and exulted. It was so, we know, the country
+      over. The boys in blue were hooted at and mocked, when the fortunes of war
+      threw them into the hands of the enemy. They all forgot that those who
+      wore the blue and those who wore the gray were alike animated by a love of
+      country, and that all were brothers&mdash;equally brave, equally earnest,
+      equally true-hearted.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thoughts like these passed through Ralph's mind as he saw the wretched men
+      on their way to Camp Douglas, the military prison at Chicago. To him they
+      were objects of sympathy, and he shuddered as he asked himself what would
+      have been his feelings had he been taken prisoner. He was startled by a
+      smart blow upon the shoulder, under whose force he almost staggered. He
+      turned in astonishment, and saw Alfred Boneel, a merry French boy, who had
+      been a schoolmate of his.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Why, Alph, is it possible&mdash;you are looking well. You're as brown as
+      a nut, and say, where <i>did</i> you get those whiskers?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[161]</span><a name="link161" id="link161"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0115" id="linkimage-0115"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0170m.jpg" alt="0170m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0170.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;In the service, of course. There's nothing like army life to <span
+      class="pagenum">[162]</span><a name="link162" id="link162"></a>bring out a
+      man's good qualities. But say, Ralph, I'm sorry I can't return
+      compliments. You are neither brown nor rugged looking. What's up?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;They are sending me home as unfit to serve any longer,&rdquo; Ralph replied,
+      dejectedly. &ldquo;I don't know why they should single me out for such a
+      distinction.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Oh, you'll come out all right. I see you've done something besides get
+      sick, judging by your sergeant's stripes.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Yes, I won them, and was hoping for something better. But tell me all
+      about yourself, Al.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I haven't got much to tell, but I've seen some fighting, too. I was at
+      the Fort Donelson scrimmage, and it was the coldest time I ever saw&mdash;snowing
+      and blowing, and afterward turning out clear, but bitter cold. The storm
+      of rain and snow had been pretty severe, and the fellows who were in the
+      trenches must have been frost-bitten. I know we had no shelter and were
+      hungry besides, as rations had given out, and had nobody round to ask us
+      in to take dinner with 'em. We had pulled up stakes at Cairo, and had to
+      go up the Ohio to Smithland, and then up the Cumberland River. Cavalry was
+      no good in that country, for there was too much big timber, and the ground
+      was too rough. We were kept busy trying to plant a battery, for those
+      fellows in gray have some sharpshooters worthy of their name, and though
+      not one of them showed himself, it was whiz! pang! every few minutes, and
+      some one was sure to go down. We lost Eddie Downing that way.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Al paused a moment to brush an imaginary fly from before his eyes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Eddie Downing was shot? He was a noble boy. So he's dead!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Al nodded assent.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Where's George Martin? Do you know what regiment he joined?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Oh, sure. He was in the gunboat service. Poor fellow, he fared worse than
+      Eddie. He was on the Cumberland and had his right arm shot away.&rdquo; <span
+      class="pagenum">[163]</span><a name="link163" id="link163"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0116" id="linkimage-0116"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0172m.jpg" alt="0172m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0172.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Is <span class="pagenum">[164]</span><a name="link164" id="link164"></a>he
+      at home?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;He was sent home as soon as the stump healed, and his only regret is, so
+      his father says, that it wasn't the left arm, for he declares he'd try it
+      again. But of course they wouldn't have him in any branch of the service.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Of course not. But George always had grit. But how did you come out at
+      Fort Donelson?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0117" id="linkimage-0117"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We had taken Fort Henry, but didn't feel so certain about Donelson.
+      General Buckner had swelled the Confederate numbers there by about ten
+      thousand men. Then the fort stood on high ground, and had a fine battery
+      on the river front, as well as several lines of strong fortifications on
+      the land side, such as immense logs, bags of sand, were well protected,
+      and their riflemen were in little pits dug in the side of a hill. All the
+      time the weather staid stinging cold, and we suffered terribly. They were
+      resting when the gunboats came to the front. Their gunners looked death
+      right in the face every instant, but the way they made the shells fly was
+      lively. Commodore Foote is a hero, and <span class="pagenum">[165]</span><a
+      name="link165" id="link165"></a>he bombarded them in gallant style. He had
+      six boats, and the sight was worth seeing, as they would come up toward
+      the fort, getting nearer, one by one, and then each delivering its fire,
+      and circling round to give the other boats a shot at the rebs. And the
+      fort was giving them trouble, too, for they were sending solid shot over
+      the decks, which were doing damage.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0118" id="linkimage-0118"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0173m.jpg" alt="0173m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0173.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;When a bomb from the enemy struck the iron plates a terrible racket would
+      be heard, as they crashed into them, wrecking smoke pipes, and tearing
+      down the rigging, and wounding the crews. The Commodore kept his flagship,
+      the St. Louis, in the front. But he received a bad wound in the ankle,
+      which did not make him give up, though, but when his boat and the
+      Louisville began to fall behind, and they could not be managed, it was
+      seen something was wrong. It seems they had their machinery hurt, and
+      their steering gear gave out. So he had to stop, for the guns of Fort
+      Donelson were making sad havoc with his disabled fleet, and it was found
+      that the fort could not be captured by an attack on its water side. The
+      flagship had been hit fifty-nine times and the others twenty or thirty
+      times apiece, before it became clear that Fort Donelson must be assaulted
+      by the land forces.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;That night kept us all well occupied, in making preparations for the next
+      day's fight. That day was an awful one, and hundreds went down before the
+      desperate fire of the butternut boys, but we drove them back into their
+      entrenchments. Sunday didn't see us ready for church, for we had other
+      engagements. The boys in blue had just enough taste of the excitement to
+      make them want more, and General Grant had us all up in line of battle
+      early in the morning, and we were waiting impatiently for the order to
+      attack, when the word flashed along our ranks that an officer carrying a
+      white flag had come to visit the General. We knew what that meant&mdash;some
+      sort of an understanding, and we were not very sorry after all, for we had
+      lost many a gallant soldier, and didn't know who'd be called away next.
+      Still, we were ready, if it had to be.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Ralph, I tell you, when we heard that the distinguished looking <span
+      class="pagenum">[166]</span><a name="link166" id="link166"></a>gentleman
+      on the black horse had come to ask that the battle might be stopped for a
+      time, so that they could argue it out on some terms, every man amongst us
+      felt like throwing up his hat and hurrahing for the plain, unassuming
+      little man who commanded us, when he sent his answer&mdash;'No terms other
+      than an unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted. I propose
+      to move immediately upon your works.' That speech is as grand as any
+      you'll ever find in history. It will be repeated through all the ages.
+      Why, it's good enough to have been uttered by the great Napoleon.&rdquo; Alph's
+      eyes glistened, as he unconsciously expanded his chest, and took on a more
+      dignified air, as he walked proudly by the side of his friend, who was
+      trembling with the effort to keep up with his robust companion.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The whole world knows what his firm answer did. General Buckner sent
+      another flag of truce, with the acceptance of General Grant's terms, and
+      the Union troops moved in to Fort Donelson.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You must have been glad.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Glad! Indeed we were. You should have heard us shout and yell. We pulled
+      the Confederate colors down in a hurry, and ran up the Union flag. The
+      very earth almost shook with the cheering of the boys, while the band
+      played 'Star Spangled Banner,' 'Red, White and Blue,' and a dozen other
+      patriotic airs. We almost felt like having that bright little ditty 'In
+      Dixie's Land' served up to us, we all felt so jubilant. Before an hour had
+      gone by, we were on the most friendly terms with them all. We were trading
+      off our greenbacks for tobacco, and they were getting bacon and biscuits
+      from us. They didn't have any hard feelings against us, and I know we
+      didn't have any, for they showed themselves brave and worthy foes wherever
+      we met the Confederates in battle.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph had listened with delight to his description of the taking of Fort
+      Donelson. But he suddenly recollected that the train must be due, and he
+      reminded Al of the fact.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;That's so, and here I am, going home on a furlough, and forgot <span
+      class="pagenum">[167]</span><a name="link167" id="link167"></a>all about
+      it, while I was spouting. We'll hurry a little; we are only a block or so
+      from the depot. You're all out of breath!&rdquo; he said, half alarmed, as he
+      observed Ralph's short, quick breathing, and the pallor of his face.
+      &ldquo;We'll be there in a jiffy, and you can rest. It's a good thing I'm going
+      to be on the same train, for when we reach Marion, I can take you to your
+      own place. Pa's expecting me, and we'll drop you down at your own door.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      This was pleasant news to Ralph, for his home was over a mile from the
+      station, and he sighed as he recalled how little that distance affected
+      him when he was leaving home, but now that he was returning, alas! he knew
+      that he could not walk so far.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0119" id="linkimage-0119"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0176m.jpg" alt="0176m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0176.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[168]</span><a name="link168" id="link168"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0120" id="linkimage-0120"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0177m.jpg" alt="0177m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0177.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0016" id="link2HCH0016"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XVI. RALPH AT HOME.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0121" id="linkimage-0121"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9178.jpg" alt="9178 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9178.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      OME <span class="pagenum">[169]</span><a name="link169" id="link169"></a>at
+      last! And when that longing mother took her boy in her arms once more, and
+      looked long and earnestly into his weary face, she saw only the boyish
+      Ralph, whom sickness could not change; he was to her the same lad who had
+      left his home with strong hopes and sunny smile. True, he was older and
+      more careworn looking, but the honest look of his childhood shone from his
+      eyes, and the same truthful, frank expression was on his features.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph, as he rode up from the depot, with his friends, the Boneels, looked
+      around at the old familiar place with eagerness. He expected to find
+      everything changed&mdash;he had been absent so long, that to him it seemed
+      as though the landscape, even, must have taken on new features, or at
+      least changed its old. But there was the same gentle slope in front of the
+      door, the same trees in the fields beyond, the same sunny knoll where he
+      had played when a little boy. Oh, how long ago that seemed to him, now,
+      when he reviewed the experiences of the past four years! Al and his father
+      would not enter the house, though cordially invited to do so; they did not
+      wish to intrude upon the sacredness of the first meeting with his mother.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      She could scarcely speak for joy. At last she broke forth with words of
+      greeting:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Oh, my boy, my boy, you are home once more; you have come home to me, and
+      you shall never go away again.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I am glad to be with you, dear mother; as glad as a little child, who
+      needs a good petting. But it was a bitter disappointment when I found that
+      I could not stay with the brave boys who are offering up their lives for
+      their country.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Never <span class="pagenum">[170]</span><a name="link170" id="link170"></a>mind,
+      dear boy. You could not help getting sick. I will bring you back both
+      health and strength, and then&mdash;&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;And then they will take me back in the army, again. Oh, mother, do you
+      think it possible?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0122" id="linkimage-0122"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0179m.jpg" alt="0179m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0179.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Her face grew sad. She had not thought of that, and her heart experienced
+      a bitter pang, for she felt that not even her love and care were to him so
+      sweet and dear as was his country and her cause. It wounded her deeply
+      when she saw that even in the flush of his delight at being home again, he
+      could not help clouding her joy by expressing a wish that in her bosom
+      found no response.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      She sighed deeply, and made him no answer, but he was so absorbed in
+      greeting his sisters and friends who had met to welcome him, that he did
+      not notice her silence.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph <span class="pagenum">[171]</span><a name="link171" id="link171"></a>could
+      not endure patiently having to play the part of an invalid, but the home
+      doctor's peremptory orders were that he should keep his bed, and visitors
+      were to be admitted only when he felt as if he were able to talk with
+      them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      There were many long days when his voice was so faint and his strength so
+      nearly exhausted that he was forbidden the excitement caused by their
+      presence. But as the winter passed, under the tender ministrations of his
+      mother and sisters, hope again sprung up in his breast, that health might
+      return to him, and with health would come a return to the service.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The medical man was using every effort to restore him to health. He was
+      wise, keen-sighted and skillful, and he fathomed the secret of Ralph's low
+      vitality. His diligence and care were at length rewarded, and he had the
+      satisfaction of seeing the elastic, springing step return, the bright
+      color come back to his cheek, and the luster to his eyes, as he grew
+      stronger daily, and to those who had come to greet his home-coming, and
+      had mentally felt they were taking a last farewell, his recovery seemed
+      almost a miracle.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Soon he could walk long distances, and even spring on the back of a horse
+      for a ride. Al Boneel had returned to his regiment, but the young man's
+      father had sent Ralph a horse, with a suggestion that he should ride every
+      day when he was able, a privilege which brought the boy more healing than
+      even the doctor's careful attentions.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He had instinctively shrank from visiting George Martin, although that
+      young man had been to his home three or four times during his illness. It
+      was a fine afternoon, and he knew he was able to ride over to George's
+      father's farm, over three miles distant. He longed to talk over the war
+      with him, and yet he had a feeling of delicacy lest George might be
+      sensitive about any reference to his own misfortune. But he could not help
+      going, and he found George sitting on a bench in the orchard, where the
+      green buds were just beginning to shoot forth their promise for future
+      abundance.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I'm <span class="pagenum">[172]</span><a name="link172" id="link172"></a>glad
+      indeed to see you able to come down here, Ralph,&rdquo; was George's cordial
+      greeting. &ldquo;I've been wishing all day for some one to talk over old times
+      with.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Old times! Yes, we were happy, good-for-nothing lads in those days, I
+      know, and gave our teachers lots of uneasiness.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;So we did, but I don't refer to those days; I mean the days in the army.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph was all attention at once. &ldquo;How did you like the service?&rdquo; he
+      ventured.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0123" id="linkimage-0123"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9181.jpg" alt="9181 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9181.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Liked it clear through&mdash;way down to the bottom. You know how I lost
+      my arm?&rdquo; he said, pointing to the empty sleeve.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph nodded. He longed to know more of the particulars, but would not
+      ask.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;That was a great day. You should have been there, and seen a real fight.
+      Not that a fight on land ain't all right, but there's a dash and
+      inspiration about a battle on board ship that I enjoy! You feel as if the
+      boat were your castle&mdash;you can't get away from it, and you're bound
+      no one else shall get into it. Then the waves rocking beneath your feet,
+      the shells screaming and dancing over the water, and the thought that your
+      boat is almost a living thing, lends you a desperation nothing else can
+      equal.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph smiled faintly. To his way of thinking those sensations were common
+      to all who went into battle, whether on land or water.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You know when I went into the service I made my way to <span
+      class="pagenum">[173]</span><a name="link173" id="link173"></a>Washington
+      at once. I didn't wait to be enlisted here, but I knew Uncle Dick, who
+      lived there, could get me onto a war-ship, and he did.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0124" id="linkimage-0124"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0182m.jpg" alt="0182m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0182.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Through his influence I went on the Cumberland. She was a wooden vessel,
+      but stanch and trim, with a good commander, <span class="pagenum">[174]</span><a
+      name="link174" id="link174"></a>Lieutenant Morris, whom we all liked. He
+      was brave, resolute and determined. The Merrimac, under Commander Franklin
+      Buchanan, was trying to raise the blockade, and do us all the harm she
+      could. She was steaming round Hampton Roads, waiting to sink any of the
+      boats that were maintaining that blockade. Commodore Buchanan evidently
+      fancied he had an easy job on hand, but as soon as we sighted the
+      ungainly-looking craft, our hearts were made glad with orders to pour a
+      broadside into her, which we lost no time in doing. We tried our best to
+      destroy her, but her heavy iron plates withstood the assault. Had she been
+      made of wood, we would have made a sieve of her with our charge. We did
+      her some damage, though, for our shot went clear into her open ports, and
+      killed some of her crew. I heard some one say when a man's hit he don't
+      cry out, but I know better, for the shrieks of the wounded on both sides
+      that day, mingled with the roaring of the shells, the crashing of shot
+      against the iron-sheeted monster, and the confusion of voices as orders
+      rang out, sound in my ears yet.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Lieutenant Morris would not say die, and when the rifled shot from the
+      big house, for that's what it looked like, tore our decks fore and aft,
+      the Merrimac's commander followed it up by turning his boat so that he
+      rammed into our gay little vessel's side, and left a huge gash. Our
+      commander's blood was up. We felt the frigate slowly settling beneath our
+      feet, but not a man dreamed of forsaking his gun, but steadily poured fire
+      into the Merrimac. We were willing to die, rather than surrender, and even
+      though the breath came quick and hard, and we may have quailed a little as
+      we looked at our watery grave, yet we waited calmly to hear our leader's
+      orders, while the enemy was dealing us terrible blows with shot and shell.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I felt a sharp pang, a numbness followed. The whole world was growing
+      black, and for a second I thought the night had suddenly settled over us,
+      and I knew no more, until one day I woke up in hospital, and found my
+      right arm and shoulder had parted company. A <span class="pagenum">[175]</span><a
+      name="link175" id="link175"></a>messmate told me what happened after I
+      fell to the deck. Our brave commander would not surrender; the water rose
+      steadily, or, rather, the Cumberland sank steadily, until the waves washed
+      across her gun deck, when the crew sprang overboard, and the ships boats
+      carried them ashore.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0125" id="linkimage-0125"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0184m.jpg" alt="0184m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0184.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Tom said it was a sickening sight&mdash;they had done us great havoc, but
+      all of our wounded who could be dragged into the boats were saved, myself
+      among the number. Tom said it was a gloomy sight when the trusty frigate
+      keeled over, and sank to the bottom, but she went down game, for her
+      top-masts stood above the water, with her flag flapping in the face of the
+      Merrimac and her commander.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      George paused. A sparkle was in his eyes, and he laughed aloud at his own
+      idea. He continued: &ldquo;But I had my revenge when I heard about the Monitor
+      giving it to the Merrimac. You know Ericsson invented that queer boat.
+      It's a curious affair. You never saw it? It looks for all the world like a
+      big cheese box, with a round chimney or turret on it. This turret carries
+      two monstrous guns, <span class="pagenum">[176]</span><a name="link176"      id="link176"></a>and it can be turned round so that they can be pointed in
+      any direction.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0126" id="linkimage-0126"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9185.jpg" alt="9185 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9185.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The mischief she did was something worth talking about. Lieutenant John
+      L. Worden commanded her, but he met with a mishap at the start. He was
+      looking through the sight hole, taking observations, when a shell struck
+      it, and hurt him badly, making him blind for a time, and he had to turn
+      over the command to Lieutenant Sam Greene. The two boats kept on fighting
+      wildly, each trying to ram the other. Why, they came so close once in the
+      fight, that both guns went off together, causing such a shock that the
+      crew at the after guns were knocked down, and some of them bled at the
+      nose and ears. They fought four hours, so the paper stated, and the
+      Merri-mac went back to Norfolk, badly used up, for they put her in dry
+      dock.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      George would have talked on all night, it seemed, but Ralph, who had
+      enjoyed the brief story of the sea-fight, said he must go, as the sun
+      would soon be down. But that visit was but one of many which he made to
+      George, and each one increased his anxiety to return to the army. He was
+      gaining health under his mother's care and the long rest he was having,
+      and he often laughingly declared that if the regimental doctor could see
+      him now, he'd never believe in his own predictions again.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Grateful as his mother was for his restoration to health, yet it saddened
+      her, for she saw it was useless to keep him back, for he talked of nothing
+      else but returning to the army. She felt <span class="pagenum">[177]</span><a
+      name="link177" id="link177"></a>that he had done his duty, and she could
+      not see why that did not content him. But she realized that it did not;
+      she saw that he was determined to go, and her heart sank like lead in her
+      bosom at the thought.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The day for parting came, and as Ralph, with a few other soldiers who were
+      returning to their regiments, started for the great city beyond, from
+      which they were to proceed to the front, she thought her heart would break
+      at this second leave-taking. Her boy loved her more dearly than she knew;
+      but he honestly thought his duty to his country was above any private
+      considerations, and that he should be guilty of a great sin if he did not
+      return to that duty.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The news from the front was most inspiring. Each day the &ldquo;war news&rdquo; was of
+      more absorbing interest. Ralph wanted to be back with the army. He had no
+      longer any ambition to win any especial distinction, but he was content to
+      do his part as one of the vast army of great heroes of whom the world will
+      never hear, but whose whole duty was done, quietly and unobtrusively.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      How many sublime acts of self-sacrifice, of generous comradeship, were
+      performed, on the field of battle, in camp and hospital, and even in
+      prison life, will never be known. But a record has been kept in a higher
+      ledger than a worldly one, and when that is revealed these deeds will come
+      to the knowledge of all men.<span class="pagenum">[178]</span><a
+      name="link178" id="link178"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0127" id="linkimage-0127"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0187m.jpg" alt="0187m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0187.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0017" id="link2HCH0017"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XVII. RALPH RE-ENLISTS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0128" id="linkimage-0128"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9188.jpg" alt="9188 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9188.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      NCE <span class="pagenum">[179]</span><a name="link179" id="link179"></a>again
+      our hero was in Chicago. The city had put on its spring dress, and well
+      was it named the Garden City, for the streets at that time were nearly all
+      bordered with trees, and their green foliage gave it, at a little
+      distance, the appearance a wooded plain, for the city is built on level
+      ground&mdash;indeed, it was once a swamp, and it has cost the labor of
+      years and an outlay of millions of dollars to reclaim it from its original
+      state, and fill in and grade and elevate its highways.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The terrible battle of Chancellorsville had been fought, under General
+      Hooker (&ldquo;Fighting Joe,&rdquo; as the soldiers loved to call him), and a victory
+      had resulted for the Union army. The news electrified the North, and great
+      results were predicted. General Hooker had been given the command after
+      the utter failure of General Burnside at Fredericksburg, and his soldiers
+      were ready to follow him to the death, for he was intrepid and fearless.
+      This memorable engagement had been fought with Hooker on the Federal
+      forces, and Stonewall Jackson, the brave Confederate leader on the
+      Confederate side. He was General Lee's right hand man, the ablest and best
+      Lieutenant he ever had. Close upon this victory came the news that General
+      Jackson had been shot by his own men. When the shades of evening began to
+      fall, he rode to the front to see what could be learned of the movements
+      of the Federals, and as he rode back to his own lines, surrounded by his
+      staff, some of his own followers, watchful and faithful to their duty, not
+      recognizing him in the dim twilight, but mistaking the mounted men for
+      cavalry belonging to the Union side, fired a volley at them, <span
+      class="pagenum">[180]</span><a name="link180" id="link180"></a>killing
+      several of the horsemen, and wounding others. This was, of course,
+      supposed to be an attack from some of the Union soldiers, and to them was
+      imputed the firing. The Confederate loss in the day's encounter had been
+      severe, and they smarted at their defeat, They had been met by such a
+      storm of grape and canister as no mortal power could withstand. The charge
+      of Major Peter Keenan, which had been ordered by General Pleasanton, had
+      been so brilliant that it had surprised the Confederates, who could not
+      believe that Keenan, with four hundred men, would dare oppose ten thousand
+      of their infantry, and they concluded that tremendous numbers must be
+      behind them. The Major, with his little band, was slain, but his charge
+      stopped the onset of the Confederates.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The stories of individual bravery which are furnished by the annals of the
+      conflict, are alone enough to fill a volume, but will probably never be
+      written. The heroic Major knew that he was inviting death, but he never
+      faltered. Indeed, his own words were to that effect, for he said to his
+      officers, &ldquo;It is the same as saying we must be killed, but we'll do it.&rdquo;
+       And his words proved prophetic, for he fell, and but few came out of that
+      engagement alive.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The twilight was falling, veiling every object in its uncertain light, the
+      trees cast their dark shadows over the path which General Jackson had
+      chosen. As his men, ever watchful, saw the result of their first volley,
+      they became exultant at their success, and again they loaded their guns,
+      discharging them at the form of the leader of the approaching party, who
+      had thus singularly fallen into their hands. They knew that they had
+      wounded an officer, and as he fell from his seat, they rushed forward to
+      learn his rank and name, if possible. Alas, to their consternation, they
+      discovered that their beloved commander, General Jackson, had received
+      three wounds. His steed, mad with fright, plunged wildly forward, and
+      dashed into the depths of the thicket, tossing him against the limbs of
+      the trees in his path, and bruising him most severely.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[181]</span><a name="link181" id="link181"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0129" id="linkimage-0129"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0190m.jpg" alt="0190m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0190.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      While his men were sorrowfully conveying him to the rear, a Union battery
+      belched forth its <span class="pagenum">[182]</span><a name="link182"      id="link182"></a>fire down the road after them, one man was wounded, and
+      the General fell to the ground. He was borne to an hospital but lived only
+      one week, after having endured amputation of his arm.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0130" id="linkimage-0130"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0191m.jpg" alt="0191m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0191.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Bounties had been offered in all the Northern States. New York was
+      offering liberal sums to recruits. The new levy for 300,000 men ordered in
+      April had not been filled, and trouble was anticipated, as a draft had
+      been threatened. But in Chicago no such fears disturbed her people.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[183]</span><a name="link183" id="link183"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0131" id="linkimage-0131"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0192m.jpg" alt="0192m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0192.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Ralph <span class="pagenum">[184]</span><a name="link184" id="link184"></a>found
+      that city full of activity. Groups were gathered on every street corner
+      discussing the war and their hopes of its probable early ending. The South
+      had suffered severely in loss of men and means, and so had the North. Many
+      a family could point to the &ldquo;vacant chair&rdquo; and lament the dear one who had
+      gone, never to return. Death had been busy at every fireside and the cruel
+      war had wrought the havoc.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But the spirit of patriotism was not dead, but burned more brightly than
+      ever, and those who had lain down their lives were embalmed in the hearts
+      of a grateful people. They fell in a sacred cause, and their memories will
+      live forever.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph walked through the streets with a hopeful step. He had won his
+      mother's free consent to go to the front, but little did he dream how far
+      from willing the consent she had spoken was. He knew, too, that her
+      blessing accompanied him everywhere, and he wished he could see her now,
+      and tell her how happy he was. Turning down a street near the river, he
+      saw a crowd standing round an office, on whose front was a big poster,
+      with the words&mdash;&ldquo;Recruits wanted&mdash;Enlist here!&rdquo; Stepping in at
+      the door, he saw a motley crowd of men pushing and jostling each other in
+      their desire to be among the earliest to be enrolled. A military man sat
+      at a desk, with a huge book open before him, and two officers sat near at
+      desks, writing busily.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph made known his business as soon as he could engage the officer's
+      attention. He was questioned as to his age, occupation, and many other
+      particulars.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You say you've been in the army already?&rdquo; the officer queried, while he
+      looked earnestly into the boy's face. &ldquo;How is it that you are here now,
+      trying to re-enlist? Why did you not serve your time?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I got sick, really sick, sir,&rdquo; as he saw a smile flit over the other's
+      face. &ldquo;I did not want to come home, but the doctor said I would surely die
+      if I remained. I received a discharge and went home to mother, and she
+      cured me all up, and I am well&mdash;well, and stronger than ever. And now
+      I want to go back to <span class="pagenum">[185]</span><a name="link185"      id="link185"></a>the boys in the army, and help them finish this contract
+      they have taken, to bring the South back into the Union. Yes, I want to
+      enlist 'for the war.'&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      As the boy concluded, his eye grew bright, his cheeks were flushed, and
+      his form seemed to expand with the strength of his emotions.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The officer seemed to enjoy his earnestness, and writing down his name,
+      age, and place of birth, passed him over to the doctor for examination. He
+      passed satisfactorily, and thankfully he heard the verdict of the doctor.
+      He was sent to military headquarters, and then he was assigned to the
+      Seventy-second Illinois Infantry. That regiment was the first one
+      organized by the Board of Trade of Chicago. It was then at Milliken's
+      Bend, after having tried in vain to make the Yazoo Pass. A canal had been
+      ordered dug by General Sherman in a bend opposite Vicksburg, into which he
+      was confident he could divert the river, but this plan was checked by the
+      sudden rising of the river, and it was only by a miracle that entire
+      regiments escaped drowning.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The attempt afterward made by General Grant to enter this Pass had proved
+      equally disappointing, even though an embankment which the Confederates
+      had thrown up had been as promptly blown up by him. His boats entered the
+      streams, whose banks had heavy growths of timber, only to find that the
+      Confederates had cut down trees of immense bulk, and thrown them across
+      the channel. But General Grant kept on, removing the fallen, trees that
+      blocked the way, but he at once discovered that he was placing himself in
+      a trap, for the rebels were felling trees and throwing them across the
+      channel behind him, so that he could not get out again. They had also
+      raised earthworks at a point where two rivers met, and they were well
+      guarded.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      There was one forlorn chance left, yet untried, and that was to go up the
+      Yazoo a short distance, in boats, and pass into Big Sunflower River, and
+      then descend that stream into the Yazoo again. This hazardous expedition
+      was intrusted to Generals Sherman and Porter, to carry forward.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The <span class="pagenum">[186]</span><a name="link186" id="link186"></a>situation
+      was desperate. The channels were narrow, there was no solid ground on
+      which to plant troops, the cane-brake was dense and nearly impassable, and
+      they actually had to pick their way through the dark and uncanny swamp by
+      the aid of candles. It was inviting death too openly to proceed, for,
+      added to natures horrors, the whole region swarmed with sharpshooters to
+      whom every step of the way was familiar, and whose unerring aim told
+      heavily all along the lines of the Federals, who were glad to escape from
+      the narrow pass.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0132" id="linkimage-0132"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0195m.jpg" alt="0195m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0195.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[187]</span><a name="link187" id="link187"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0133" id="linkimage-0133"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0196m.jpg" alt="0196m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0196.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Commodore Farragut, with one gunboat and his flagship, had shot by the
+      batteries at Port Hudson, and several boats had passed Vicksburg. On the
+      night of April 16 Commodore Porter ran by the batteries, but the watchful
+      enemy had provided for this move, and suddenly setting fire to huge heaps
+      of wood on the bank, a brilliant flame darted up to the heavens, and by
+      its light for an hour and a half they sent a heavy fire into the fleet,
+      which as industriously returned the courtesy as it steamed past its <span
+      class="pagenum">[188]</span><a name="link188" id="link188"></a>adversary.
+      But the Federal fleet met with no loss save the sinking of one transport.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This was some of the history of the campaign which the regiment to which
+      Ralph was sent had taken part in, and the thought of joining it gave him
+      unbounded delight.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I was not contented, dear mother,&rdquo; he wrote to her a few days later,
+      &ldquo;until I was back with the boys in blue. This is a lovely country. When
+      this war is over, I'll bring you down here, and we'll spend our days where
+      nature has done so much for her creatures.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Down the river they steamed. When they reached Milliken's Bend, Louisiana,
+      their corps united with Grant's army in its memorable march on Vicksburg.
+      Ralph was on the alert to see all that he could of the country. But there
+      were no signs of aught but desolation. Fences had been torn down, and
+      consumed to cook the camp fare on marches; here a pile of charred timber
+      told where a house had once reared its stately head; a few half-starved
+      animals roamed round an old, deserted place, in search of the food they
+      needed. Poverty, devastation and ruin were evident everywhere, and spoke
+      plainly of the blight that followed in the wake of the armies that had
+      tramped over and destroyed the beautiful homes of former days.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The morning of May 16, they reached Champion's Hill, where they found
+      severe work. General Sherman had been left at Jackson to destroy the
+      railroad, and the factories which were making goods for the Confederate
+      soldiers. He performed this task with thoroughness. He now received orders
+      from General Grant to send forward an ammunition train, so as to be ready
+      for the battle that must take place soon. He was not disappointed. At
+      Champion's Hill, on rising ground, he found General Pemberton waiting to
+      receive him, with 23,000 men drawn up in line. His force held the vantage,
+      as they were stationed on high ground, commanding three roads, and thus it
+      was admirably calculated for a defensive point.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[189]</span><a name="link189" id="link189"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0134" id="linkimage-0134"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0198m.jpg" alt="0198m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0198.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      For hours the fighting went on. The Union force's made a overwhelming
+      <span class="pagenum">[190]</span><a name="link190" id="link190"></a>charge,
+      and the rebel lines wavered, but speedily regained their position. It was
+      a desperate duel, and fought to the death.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0135" id="linkimage-0135"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/8199.jpg" alt="8199 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8199.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      General Pemberton had a splendid army of well-disciplined men, and when
+      the two lines met with impetuosity, the day seemed lost to the Federals.
+      General Logan saw the danger threatening them, and pushing forward on the
+      right with his magnificent division, he passed the rebel General's left
+      flank, and secured the only road by which the latter could make his
+      retreat.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The enemy were dismayed. Cut off from escape, they knew defeat was
+      inevitable. The movement of Logan had been so sudden and brilliant that
+      there was not a moment of grace given them. But that General was not
+      conscious that he held the road in his grasp, and when General Hovey, who
+      was besieged vigorously by the Confederates, a few moments later, shouted
+      for aid, Logan fell back to his assistance.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[191]</span><a name="link191" id="link191"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0136" id="linkimage-0136"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0200m.jpg" alt="0200m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0200.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Now was their chance, for the road was left unguarded, and a dash was made
+      by General Pemberton, whose flying columns were <span class="pagenum">[192]</span><a
+      name="link192" id="link192"></a>in full retreat, without giving a thought
+      to his dead and wounded, left uncared for on the field. He also abandoned
+      thirty guns, and crossed the Big Black River.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The battle was over, and to the opportune move of the brave Logan was due
+      the hard-won success of the day. Four hours of hard fighting had been
+      followed by the usual harvest of dead and maimed. Nurses and hospital
+      stewards succored all whom they could find, but wounded men were lying
+      between the lines and in every corner, groaning with the anguish of
+      uncared for injuries. Among those lost on the Confederate side was General
+      Tilghman, who fell early in the day.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The soldiers found a brief rest in sleep. Ralph had thrown himself on the
+      ground in a state of perfect exhaustion. He would not confess, even to
+      himself, that he had overrated his strength. But when the stars came out,
+      and the silence of night succeeded, nature asserted her rights, and he
+      slept undisturbed by dreams of carnage and bloodshed, but his visions were
+      of home and its charms.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Wake up, young fellow!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      He sprang to his feet, while a man of about forty, who had been shaking
+      him violently, said, with a hearty laugh:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You're something of a sleeper. Rip Van Winkle is nowhere. Reveille has
+      sounded, the regiments are ready to move as soon as we get a cup of
+      coffee, and you've been sleeping through it all, as sweetly as if you were
+      in your little bed at home. It's a mighty fine thing to have a clear
+      conscience.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      And the pleasant-faced soldier gave Ralph a gentle push as he gathered
+      himself up, and made a jump for one of the fires that were burning in
+      different spots, kindled by the hungry men to boil their coffee, or cook a
+      bit, before they took up the march again. The other followed closely at
+      his heels, and sitting on a fallen log they were soon busy &ldquo;fortifying
+      their inner man,&rdquo; amid much laughing and chaffing going on around them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      That is a marked trait of the American soldier, be he from North or South.
+      No amount of hardship, no deprivations, can destroy that love of fun which
+      is inborn. He is always ready to <span class="pagenum">[193]</span><a
+      name="link193" id="link193"></a>see the comic side of all situations, as
+      he merrily laughs at danger, and jokes almost in the very presence of
+      death.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      That day General Pemberton was overtaken at the Big Black. Here he had
+      stationed his main body on high land, but on the east of the stream the
+      ground was low and wet, and on this spot the remainder of his command was
+      held.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We have got to dislodge Pemberton from his position,&rdquo; Ralph heard a
+      comrade say. &ldquo;He has a splendid view of all we are doing, and can make a
+      stanch resistance. But we'll soon set him running again, and he'll have to
+      find a better lookout than the one he now occupies.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;See!&rdquo; shouted Ralph. &ldquo;General Lawler is leading the attack on their right
+      flank. They give way&mdash;they fall back! The General is in his shirt
+      sleeves, and looks as if he were in earnest!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Shouldn't wonder if he was. He's a hard one to tackle, and won't stand on
+      ceremony. He don't go into battle in a full dress suit. Just look over
+      there. Pemberton is retreating, skedaddling. His men have set fire to that
+      bridge, and how is he going to cover the retreat of his rear guard down
+      there in the bayou?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;He's not trying to save them at all, but is looking after No. One. By
+      George, he's off, and has left those poor fellows to be captured, or shot
+      down, he don't care which.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      It was true. He ran away in mad haste, making no effort to cover their
+      retreat, but abandoned the panic-stricken men in the lowland to their
+      fate. Wild with terror, with no leader to direct, many of them flung
+      themselves into the river, only to sink beneath the waters, and those who
+      were left were taken prisoners by the Federals. <span class="pagenum">[194]</span><a
+      name="link194" id="link194"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0137" id="linkimage-0137"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0203m.jpg" alt="0203m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0203.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0018" id="link2HCH0018"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XVIII. CROSSING THE RIVER.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0138" id="linkimage-0138"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9204.jpg" alt="9204 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9204.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      ENERAL <span class="pagenum">[195]</span><a name="link195" id="link195"></a>GRANT
+      set to work at once building bridges by which to cross the Big Black.
+      General Sherman's corps were soon busy felling trees and laying planks. A
+      raft bridge was now constructed, and a bridge was also hurried together,
+      with cotton bales for pontoons. The next step was to cut trees on each
+      side of the river in such a manner that their trunks were not severed, but
+      clung to the stumps. In falling across the stream, their boughs met and
+      grasped each other firmly, and the planks laid across them made a secure
+      road, over which the troops passed, while the two Generals, Grant and
+      Sherman, sat on a log and watched the living mass of blue-coats march
+      over, with the smoky, ruddy light of pitch pine torches throwing their
+      weird shadows over the scene. It was a wild and picturesque panorama. The
+      vast body of human beings moving fearlessly across the swaying structure,
+      the fitful gleams of light reflecting from their muskets, the two great
+      generals sitting there as calmly as though watching a festive procession&mdash;the
+      somber depths of the forest on either side, where danger lurked in many
+      shapes&mdash;what heart could fail to be impressed by the solemn
+      spectacle?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      By the morning of the 18th that vast army had crossed to the west side of
+      the river, but the rebel general had not waited to receive them, but
+      flown, without attempting to give them battle. He hastened to the city of
+      Vicksburg, behind whose walls he found shelter. He was speedily followed
+      by Grant, who got his army in position, placing General Sherman on the
+      right of the line, General McPherson on the left of Sherman, and
+      McClernand next, his command touching the river below Vicksburg. Sharp
+      resistance was offered, and the Confederates lost ground in <span
+      class="pagenum">[196]</span><a name="link196" id="link196"></a>a skirmish
+      on the 19th, but made an onset which almost regained it for them, but the
+      National troops checked their assault and moved to a more advantageous
+      position. The Federal forces were nearly famished, for rations for five
+      days had to do duty for three weeks, eked out by what they could
+      confiscate from the people as they marched through the country, one of
+      General Grant's first steps was to make roads in the rear of his line, so
+      that supplies could be obtained more easily. These roads ran through
+      swamps and miry places, where no team could force its way.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0139" id="linkimage-0139"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0205m.jpg" alt="0205m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0205.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We are expecting an attack from Johnston. He has been laid up with the
+      wound he received at Seven Pines, and has all the Mississippi forces under
+      him,&rdquo; Ralph's captain said to him. &ldquo;Our line of defences is thrown out six
+      or seven miles, so I hear,&rdquo; answered Ralph. &ldquo;We are well prepared for
+      them.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;That is true, but we may look for an attack in our rear. McClernand
+      reports that he has taken two forts, and is in imminent danger, and sends
+      a request for reinforcements at once.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Ere he finished speaking, the ball was opened vigorously.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[197]</span><a name="link197" id="link197"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0140" id="linkimage-0140"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0206m.jpg" alt="0206m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0206.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The <span class="pagenum">[198]</span><a name="link198" id="link198"></a>river
+      heights were fortified strongly, earthworks rearing their heads for miles,
+      bristling with guns, against which the Union army hurled its strength in
+      vain. Grants purpose was to carry the works by storm, but though splendid
+      courage was shown, and the color-bearers at many points reached the
+      breastworks and planted flags upon them, they proved impregnable.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0141" id="linkimage-0141"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0207m.jpg" alt="0207m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0207.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      When <span class="pagenum">[199]</span><a name="link199" id="link199"></a>Ralph
+      saw their efforts, he could not repress his enthusiasm, but shouted&mdash;&ldquo;Hurrah!
+      Our flag is floating on the breeze. We shall soon be in the city!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      His excitement was contagious, and with a ringing shout the advancing men
+      hurled themselves vigorously against the obstructions, only to be driven
+      back slowly but surely.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;General Grant has just received a dispatch saying that McClernand has two
+      forts of the enemy in his possession. A brigade has been sent to his aid,
+      and firing has been resumed-Boys, at them with a will!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0142" id="linkimage-0142"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0208m.jpg" alt="0208m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0208.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      As <span class="pagenum">[200]</span><a name="link200" id="link200"></a>they
+      entered a cut in the road, Ralph saw the color sergeant of one of the
+      Illinois regiments, who could scarcely stand from fright. The balls were
+      whistling by their ears, the leaves of the trees were falling in showers,
+      scattered by the rifles' fire. The man was ashy pale, and his knees
+      trembled so he could not stand erect. Ralph thought of what he had related
+      to boys months ago, about the French soldier, but this, he saw, was not a
+      parallel case, for this man was clearly a coward, and as he watched him,
+      he expected to see him fall down, and trail the colors after him. The man
+      saw that he was observed, and he made one desperate effort to raise
+      himself to his full height, but suddenly the pleasant-faced man who had
+      taken interest in Ralph sprang forward, wrested the flag from the cowardly
+      fellow, and carried it valiantly to the front.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph looked for the sergeant. He had shrunk to the rear, and was busy
+      hiding behind a huge tree which towered above the field.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Thank heaven!&rdquo; said Ralph, &ldquo;our flag was saved.&rdquo; He felt sure that his
+      new friend, who was corporal of the color guard, would be rewarded in some
+      way, but the soldier who had rescued the flag, when summoned before the
+      commanding officer, and offered promotion to color sergeant, promptly
+      refused it, unless the one who had so belittled his trust were reduced to
+      the ranks. This was not done, for some reason, but the man who had rescued
+      the colors was made a sergeant&mdash;a deserved promotion.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The rumor proved false, for General McClernand, so far from taking the two
+      forts, had been repulsed, and the men who were sent to help him were many
+      of them killed; they were made the victims of a misstatement, to put it as
+      mildly as possible. A short time after, General Grant relieved him of
+      further responsibility, and General Ord succeeded him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This assault was a costly one, for two thousand five hundred men were
+      sacrificed, and Grant determined to besiege the city. He went to the rear,
+      earth-works were thrown up, and mines were dug under the fortifications.
+      By day and by night the big guns were booming <span class="pagenum">[201]</span><a
+      name="link201" id="link201"></a>across the space, which daily grew
+      narrower, as the Union soldiers brought the trenches nearer to the line of
+      defense. Those were days that tried their courage and patience, but not a
+      murmur was heard.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      One day a great commotion took place among the soldiers. Three objects
+      were seen whirling through the air, and fell in the Union lines, within
+      five feet of where Ralph was standing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;What is it? Where did it come from?&rdquo; was the query, as several hastened
+      to the spot, to find three men, two white ones lying on the ground dead,
+      and one negro nearly so.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Something struck some one that time,&rdquo; Corporal Calvin Strong said. &ldquo;See&mdash;the
+      colored man's coming to.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      And so he was, and as he raised up, he began to rub his head, and look
+      wildly about.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Say, he's contraband of war, and we must confiscate him,&rdquo; the Corporal
+      continued, laughingly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Whar&mdash;whar be I? Is dis yere de bottomless pit?&rdquo; the black man
+      asked.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Yes, Sam, you've arrived at your proper destination, and now you've got
+      to be flogged every day, until your sins are all paid for.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Oh, massa, spare a poor cullered boy who neber did nuffing wuss den steal
+      a chicken, or grab a few eggs. Neber did no mo'.&rdquo; And falling on his knees
+      he began to jabber away in pure fright.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Get up, you black rascal; you're in the Union lines now,&rdquo; Sergeant Harmon
+      said, as he pulled the shaking darkey to his feet.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Bress de Lawd! In de Union? I'se whar I'll git sumfin to eat, now, sure.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;How far did you come, Sam?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Bout free miles. I'se come to stay, too. I'll neber go back dar any mo'.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      And Black Sam did stay, and made one of the most faithful of servants. He
+      often referred to his first appearance among the soldiers. When the mine
+      exploded at Fort Hill, it killed the <span class="pagenum">[202]</span><a
+      name="link202" id="link202"></a>two white men, but by some miracle Sam
+      escaped, and when he recovered consciousness, and found himself surrounded
+      by men black with powder and dust, he had really fancied that he had
+      landed in a certain world where they tell us cold is unknown.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Day after day the noise of the great guns was heard. Shells were thrown
+      into the beleaguered town, and much injury was inflicted. Vicksburg at
+      this time might be called a city of caves, for they were dug in the banks
+      wherever a street was cut through a clayey hill, and these caves were
+      tenanted by entire families, who lived in comparative safety, while shells
+      and balls were whizzing over their heads. Nor did the darkness bring a
+      cessation of hostilities, the night proving no barrier to Grant's vigorous
+      attack. As the two lines came nearer together, a mutual understanding was
+      had, after this fashion:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Well, Yank, how are you getting along?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Oh, fine. We'll soon be over there to see you. Have the ice-cream and
+      cake all ready, for it's a hot day.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Oh, that'll be 'all right. We'll freeze you out sure. Say, you come up on
+      top where we can get a look at you.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;If you'll put your old guns away, and not pop at us, we'll come up.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;That's a bargain. We promise. But you must do the same by us.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Agreed&mdash;that's fair enough.&rdquo; And true to their word, they would show
+      themselves, and a running fire of jokes and ridicule would be launched at
+      each other.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Say, Johnnie, how are the hotels over there? Engage us rooms at the best
+      one, for we want good accommodations when we get there.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We have everything fine, and are waiting to receive you in first-class
+      shape.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Good eating?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The choicest cuts of mule-steaks, roasts, soups, any shape you order it.
+      Say, Yank, what's the news your way?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Oh, were having a jolly time. We've got everything we want, <span
+      class="pagenum">[203]</span><a name="link203" id="link203"></a>save your
+      town, and when we get that, the old mud stream will be open for a sail way
+      down to the Gulf.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Well, you won't take your sail very soon, then, for you'll never get
+      Vicksburg. Say, have yer got any terbacker?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Lots of it. Want some?&rdquo; Then the exchange would be made, and after this
+      friendly pause, both sides would resume hostilities, as earnestly as ever.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0143" id="linkimage-0143"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:30%;">
+      <img src="images/8212.jpg" alt="8212 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8212.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Work in the trenches brought the prospect of subduing the almost
+      invulnerable heights nearer and nearer. Famine threatened the besieged
+      city, with its horrors. Forty-four days had been consumed in laying siege.
+      Soldiers lay down in the same clothes which they had worn through all
+      these weary weeks of bloodshed and resistance.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      General Pemberton sent a flag of truce to General Grant, and negotiations
+      were carried on, but the Federal commander was now prepared for a final
+      grand assault. The Fourth of July was near, supplies had given out within
+      the walls, and the Confederate general, who had held out bravely,
+      surrendered without making any conditions.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      General Grant took possession in a most magnanimous manner. By his express
+      command not a man of his army was permitted to cheer; not a single salute
+      was fired, and silently, with dignity and generosity, the half-starved
+      Confederates were fed bountifully, the Union soldiers emptying their own
+      knapsacks, and giving their contents to <span class="pagenum">[204]</span><a
+      name="link204" id="link204"></a>them. All the prisoners taken at Vicksburg
+      and those at Port Hudson were paroled, under the supposition that they
+      would return to their homes, and await a proper exchange.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0144" id="linkimage-0144"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:30%;">
+      <img src="images/8213.jpg" alt="8213 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8213.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      War has its humor as well as peace. The help afforded by Porters fleet and
+      Farragut's had been considerable during the siege. The Confederates had
+      sunk the Indianola, one of Porter's boats, and were trying to raise it,
+      when they saw a monitor coming down full upon them. Admiral Porter had
+      fitted up an old flatboat with pork barrels for smoke stacks, and furnaces
+      made from mud, in which a fire had been started. He sent it sailing down
+      the river, with not a human being on board, to the evident terror of the
+      Confederates, who were watching her and who fired point blank at her,
+      without stopping the supposed monitor. Dreading lest they would lose their
+      prize, they promptly blew up the Indianola, before they discovered that
+      they were sold.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0019" id="link2HCH0019"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XIX. THE PROCLAMATION.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0145" id="linkimage-0145"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9214.jpg" alt="9214 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9214.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      LACKS <span class="pagenum">[205]</span><a name="link205" id="link205"></a>were
+      constantly coming into the Union lines, and though it was a hard problem
+      to dispose of them, yet General Grant's care of them was most humane. Few
+      among them were aware of the immortal proclamation of Abraham Lincoln, but
+      believed themselves still subject to their old masters.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0146" id="linkimage-0146"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:30%;">
+      <img src="images/8214.jpg" alt="8214 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8214.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The colored folks all through the war had shown very friendly feelings
+      toward the Union army, as many an act of kindness at their hands had
+      testified. Those who came into camp, as well as the white refugees, were
+      put to various labors. Surely no race, save the African, ever produced
+      such a quantity of culinary artists, judging from the claims they set up.
+      Whenever a darkey was queried as to his calling, whether he had been a
+      field hand or a house servant, he always answered that he was &ldquo;a fust-rate
+      cook, massa; can gib yo' some fust-class dishes.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Still more good news, boys; General Lee has been routed at Gettysburg,
+      and several of his generals killed or wounded. Among the latter is General
+      Wade Hampton. Lee's brilliant sortie has been checked by three of the
+      hardest days' <span class="pagenum">[206]</span><a name="link206"      id="link206"></a>fighting ever witnessed in this war. Both armies fought
+      like demons. But we have driven Lee and his followers off the soil of
+      Virginia. General Meade, the master spirit, has given them a taste of his
+      fine generalship.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;He's never jealous of his officers under him&mdash;that is another trait
+      of his,&rdquo; spoke up a man who had fought under him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Yes, and Pickett, with his magnificent column, was there, and was nearly
+      annihilated, for he lost nearly every officer he had.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0147" id="linkimage-0147"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9215.jpg" alt="9215 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9215.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The fight was hottest, they say, at Round Top. The Confed sharpshooters
+      held Devil's Den, and a ghostly place it is. I know every inch of the
+      ground, for I was born three miles from there,&rdquo; said another man.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;How strange,&rdquo; said Ralph, &ldquo;that two such glorious victories should follow
+      each other&mdash;Gettysburg in the East, and Vicksburg in the Southwest.
+      General Lee has been instructed that an invasion of the North is
+      impossible, and we have cut the Confederacy in two by opening the
+      Mississippi to navigation from Cairo to the Gulf. Surely, the God of
+      battles is on our side,&rdquo; he reverently continued, for Ralph knew that
+      without His overruling care, we are but naught.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0148" id="linkimage-0148"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0216m.jpg" alt="0216m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0216.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The <span class="pagenum">[207]</span><a name="link207" id="link207"></a>martyrs
+      of Gettysburg, those who had laid down their lives for universal liberty,
+      were not forgotten by A National cemetery, in which the soldiers' who fell
+      in that campaign were to be buried, was laid out. The ground was dedicated
+      on the 19th of November, 1861, and here, with the wintry winds making
+      music round their graves, the remains of 3,560 brave men were laid to
+      rest, according to the order of their respective States. It was a fitting
+      tribute to bravery, and the occasion was most impressive.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[208]</span><a name="link208" id="link208"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0149" id="linkimage-0149"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0217m.jpg" alt="0217m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0217.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0150" id="linkimage-0150"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9218.jpg" alt="9218 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9218.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Edward <span class="pagenum">[209]</span><a name="link209" id="link209"></a>Everett
+      was chosen as the orator of the day. President Lincoln was invited to
+      honor the event by his presence, and he received a gentle hint that his
+      voice would be a welcome tribute.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He came, with no speech prepared, save a few fugitive thoughts which he
+      scratched down on an old envelope, on his way to Gettysburg, and intended
+      solely as references.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0151" id="linkimage-0151"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:30%;">
+      <img src="images/8218.jpg" alt="8218 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8218.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      When he was called on, he rose, and in his simple, unaffected way he gave
+      to his hearers an immortal speech.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A long time after its delivery, Mr. Lincoln, at the urgent request of
+      friends, rewrote it and affixed his signature.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The copy gives an exact facsimile of his handwriting, and thus in a double
+      sense it becomes a most valuable addition to one's reading matter. <span
+      class="pagenum">[210]</span><a name="link210" id="link210"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0152" id="linkimage-0152"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0219m.jpg" alt="0219m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0219.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[211]</span><a name="link211" id="link211"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0153" id="linkimage-0153"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0220m.jpg" alt="0220m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0220.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The <span class="pagenum">[212]</span><a name="link212" id="link212"></a>days
+      of idleness had not come to them yet. Victory did not mean inaction. They
+      were embarked on board a steamer, bound for Natchez, Mississippi, which
+      town was taken with little resistance. They also seized several pieces of
+      artillery, a large number of prisoners, and 5,000 head of cattle designed
+      for use in the Southern army. A quantity of Government stores fell into
+      their hands, also. At Natchez they were detailed to do provost duty.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0154" id="linkimage-0154"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0221m.jpg" alt="0221m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0221.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      This was to Ralph a pleasant change from the awful scenes of carnage he
+      had been a participant in. The morning of September 1st the regiment was
+      ordered out to attack a body of rebels who were harassing the Union people
+      at St. Catharine's Creek.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[213]</span><a name="link213" id="link213"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0155" id="linkimage-0155"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0222m.jpg" alt="0222m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0222.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      They found a small force stationed here who were levying contributions
+      from the country around, but they promptly drove them <span class="pagenum">[214]</span><a
+      name="link214" id="link214"></a>back to their hiding-places. At Cross
+      Bayou, Louisiana, they were again called into action, and suppressed the
+      guerrilla bands who preyed on all alike.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0156" id="linkimage-0156"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:15%;">
+      <img src="images/8223.jpg" alt="8223 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8223.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Guerrilla warfare is most exasperating. The West was full of these vicious
+      and irresponsible men, who, under a leader of courage and brains, would
+      unite to prey on and murder rich and poor alike. They could skulk in the
+      depths of the woods, and dash out upon their victims, and after gratifying
+      their murderous designs, they would flee to their homes and lie in
+      concealment till some new exploit would reveal their lurking place.
+      Probably the best organized and most reckless of these bands was led by
+      Colonel John S. Mosby, whose daring deeds made his name a terror. His
+      raids were remarkable for their boldness and success. He never was
+      captured, although his band was thinned often by the frequent efforts on
+      the part of the Federals to bring him to justice.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We are ordered back to Vicksburg, to do provost duty there,&rdquo; the captain
+      informed his men, who heard it with variable feelings.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Grumbling was heard from some of the younger ones, who were anxious to be
+      &ldquo;at the front,&rdquo; and to them acting as provost guards smacked too much of
+      being kept in the background. The older ones heard the news with much
+      satisfaction, however.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[215]</span><a name="link215" id="link215"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0157" id="linkimage-0157"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0224m.jpg" alt="0224m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0224.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      They returned to Vicksburg, with very different emotions to those they
+      felt just after the surrender of General Pemberton, and even though they
+      were not welcomed, their coming insured peace and protection from the
+      contentions <span class="pagenum">[216]</span><a name="link216"      id="link216"></a>without, and the rough element within. Doing post duty is
+      quite as necessary as constant warfare, but few were the occasions for
+      interference on the part of the soldiers.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0158" id="linkimage-0158"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9225.jpg" alt="9225 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9225.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Skirmishes were frequent, but the days of the rebellion were drawing to a
+      close. The Confederates realized that the hours of the Confederacy were
+      numbered, but still they struggled on. How ardently Ralph wished that
+      peace would dawn. He abhorred the bloodshed that the protracted conflict
+      entailed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Time passed heavily, and he began to fret at the duty assigned. Events so
+      brilliant that everything paled before them were transpiring elsewhere,
+      and the boys spirit burned to be in the fray.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Morgan, the Confederate guerrilla, had planned a bold raid across the
+      Ohio, and had captured Columbia and Lebanon, Kentucky, seized two
+      steamers, and, going into Indiana, had left a trail of ruin and
+      destruction behind him, as he hastened toward Cincinnati, burning bridges
+      and stores, tearing up railroad tracks, and plundering every one,
+      irrespective of their views. How far his depredations would have been
+      carried, cannot be judged, but at Buffington Ford he was pursued so
+      closely that he was driven make a stand and fight. Here he was defeated,
+      and, fleeing up the stream, was again attacked at New Lisbon, where he
+      surrendered, and was sent to the Ohio penitentiary, but a few months later
+      he dug under the walls and fled.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[217]</span><a name="link217" id="link217"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0159" id="linkimage-0159"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0226m.jpg" alt="0226m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0226.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      July 18 the regiment was again aroused by receiving orders to move on to
+      Grand Gulf, Mississippi, where a large force of Confederates <span
+      class="pagenum">[218]</span><a name="link218" id="link218"></a>were
+      posted. They found them waiting for them, and gave battle at once, taking
+      a few prisoners, who were sent to the military post for future exchange.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0160" id="linkimage-0160"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9227.jpg" alt="9227 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9227.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The awful Battle of the Wilderness had gone down into history, with its
+      record of unparalleled daring, and its list of 60,000 dead on the two
+      sides, sending up a wail to Heaven. It was in this fatal battle that
+      General Longstreet, of the Confederate army, received a severe wound on
+      the same ground and under a similar mistake, as that which cost Stonewall
+      Jackson his life, a year before The General was returning from the front,
+      when he was seen by some of his own men, and fired upon, under the
+      supposition that he belonged to the National cavalry.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Atlanta campaign, which had added to General Sherman's everlasting
+      renown, had lost to the Union cause one of its bravest generals&mdash;the
+      brilliant McPherson, who lost his life by venturing into the woods almost
+      alone, where he was shot by the Confederates, and his horse dashed into
+      the Union lines bleeding, but riderless.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Confederate vessel Alabama, commanded by Raphael Semmes, was at
+      Cherbourg, France. She had been cruising round for two years, preying upon
+      American commerce. The United States man of war, Kearsarge, Captain John
+      A. Winslow, lay <span class="pagenum">[219]</span><a name="link219"      id="link219"></a>off the port, expecting Semmes to come out. The latter
+      sent a polite request to Winslow, asking him not to leave those waters, as
+      he intended to fight him. This was exactly Captain Winslow's wish. On
+      Sunday, June 19, the Alabama went out of the harbor with flying colors,
+      only to be lured off eight miles from the coast, by Captain Winslow, who
+      then turned and attacked the enemy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0161" id="linkimage-0161"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9228.jpg" alt="9228 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9228.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      After the Kearsarge began the battle, the firing was terrific and her
+      shots told heavily. Captain Winslow's shells cut the mizzenmast of the
+      Alabama in two. The crew were half of them killed by a shell, and the
+      gunners had been swept away. After an hour's battle, it was seen that the
+      Alabama was sinking, her officers struck their colors, and threw the
+      swords, that would no longer avail against their adversary, into the sea.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Captain Winslow lowered boats from his vessel to save the remaining crew
+      of the Alabama, when suddenly her stern went down, her bow was tossed into
+      the air and the Alabama went to the bottom, carrying nearly all the men.
+      Semmes was picked up by a yacht, with forty sailors, the Kearsarge rescued
+      some, and all the rest were drowned.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The autumn had come. October had put on its gaudy dress, and the
+      Seventy-second were still in Vicksburg. By their sedate and manly bearing
+      and perfect discipline, they had won the friendly toleration of the very
+      people who had dreaded their coming, but who now felt secure in the
+      protection of their property.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Business had been to a certain degree resumed, quiet had settled down over
+      the city, and the great events of that year were had in <span
+      class="pagenum">[220]</span><a name="link220" id="link220"></a>the papers
+      from the North, which came freely into the city.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;At last we are going to move again,&rdquo; said Ralph, as they gathered round
+      headquarters. &ldquo;We are to report to General Howard and go with Sherman on
+      his 'March to the Sea.'&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0162" id="linkimage-0162"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9229.jpg" alt="9229 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9229.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Well, it'll be a relief, for this sort of life is too much like playing
+      soldier to suit me,&rdquo; a gray-haired private responded.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was a light-hearted body of men who left Vicksburg that day, but when
+      they reached Nashville, they were disappointed to learn that they were too
+      late to join Sherman, but the Seventeenth Corps was cut off and assigned
+      to General Schofield's Command, then stationed at Columbia, Tennessee. It
+      was approaching winter's rigors, and General Hood had harassed the Federal
+      army at all points, and was trying to persuade Sherman away from Atlanta.
+      When he found he could not do so, he massed his whole strength for the
+      purpose of destroying General Thomas' forces. Turning his face in the
+      direction of Nashville, he met a barrier in the heavy rains which had
+      fallen, rendering the roads almost impassable, and it was well into
+      November before he reached Duck River, forty miles south of Nashville.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[221]</span><a name="link221" id="link221"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0163" id="linkimage-0163"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0230m.jpg" alt="0230m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0230.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      General Schofield expected him, but Hood flanked him by crossing to the
+      other shore, which led the Union general to deem it <span class="pagenum">[222]</span><a
+      name="link222" id="link222"></a>prudent to attempt to reach Nashville.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0164" id="linkimage-0164"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9231.jpg" alt="9231 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9231.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Quickly he retired to Franklin, where he succeeded in getting across the
+      river, throwing up earthworks, and placing his artillery. The scene was a
+      stirring one. General Hood forced his men up against the strong
+      breastworks with a recklessness that was appalling. They were doomed, for
+      the terrific onslaught of musketry and artillery cut them down so fast
+      that they were piled up in heaps, dying and dead, the entire length of the
+      line.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The struggle at the breastworks was so fierce that it became a hot, mad
+      encounter between the two armies, who fought literally, hand to hand,
+      while their fire flashed in each others faces. Officers dismounted, and
+      fought beside their men. The contest became so close that the standards of
+      both armies were upon the earthworks at the same time.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A ditch ran outside the works, which was filled with the Confederates, who
+      could not cross it under such a blinding fire. Here they met their
+      heaviest losses. The smoke from the National side was so dense, and kept
+      so near to the earth, that it added to the horror of the scene by bringing
+      on almost complete darkness. <span class="pagenum">[223]</span><a
+      name="link223" id="link223"></a>It was one of the hardest fought battles
+      of the war, and not until midnight did General Schofield order a retreat
+      to Nashville, a wise move, for had he been content to remain at Franklin,
+      the fortunes of the day would have been changed very essentially, for Hood
+      planted all his artillery there that night, and thus, aided by General
+      Forrest's cavalry, the victory of the day before would surely have been
+      turned into a defeat.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0165" id="linkimage-0165"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9232.jpg" alt="9232 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9232.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      They were worn out&mdash;unable to fight longer, and so completely
+      exhausted by lack of sleep that many of the men in this retreat stumbled
+      and fell on their faces, and only the vigorous pricking of the bayonet by
+      their companions aroused them to a sense of the danger they were in of
+      being captured,&mdash;thus they were hurried along.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The whole strength of the army was now concentrated on the defeat of Hood.
+      On the fifteenth of December General Thomas, who had been grumbled at and
+      called &ldquo;slow,&rdquo; delivered a crushing blow by moving upon Hood's front and
+      flank with such force that he fled precipitately toward Franklin, with
+      Wilson's famous cavalry in hot pursuit.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[224]</span><a name="link224" id="link224"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0166" id="linkimage-0166"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0233m.jpg" alt="0233m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0233.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      General Thomas made a clean sweep of the <span class="pagenum">[225]</span><a
+      name="link225" id="link225"></a>artillery, capturing every piece, and
+      taking forty-five hundred prisoners.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The morning of February 9 was cold and frosty, and as the soldiers huddled
+      round the crackling fires built in the open air, they recounted tales of
+      the incidents they had seen, or fought again the battles of the past four
+      years.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I enlisted to the end of the war,&rdquo; said Ralph. &ldquo;'When this cruel was is
+      over,' I shall go home and try to be content,&rdquo; Some of his companions
+      shared his feelings; to these the prospect of returning home was a
+      delightful one, but others had grown so fond of this life of danger and
+      peril that a return to the peaceful pursuits of home-life seemed tame and
+      dull. War hardens and blunts the finer feelings, making men callous and
+      indifferent to the gentler ministrations of home.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was with mixed feelings of joy and regret that the regiment embarked on
+      the steamer for New Orleans. The voyage was a break in the daily life, but
+      when land soldiers are penned up on board a boat there is not much r to
+      break the monotony. At noon of the fourth day they laid up at a little
+      landing to &ldquo;wood up.&rdquo; Not a house was to be seen, the tall trees stood up
+      black and gloomy, and the dull gray sky lowered ominously over them. Glad
+      to feel the earth beneath their feet, a few of the more venturesome leaped
+      ashore for a &ldquo;run in the timber,&rdquo; as they expressed it, though they
+      prudently kept near the boat.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ralph was sitting on the deck when he heard the report of a rifle, and
+      jumping up, he called out, &ldquo;Our men are attacked!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Instantly every man's weapon was pointed in the direction from whence came
+      the sound. A poor fellow had roamed a few steps farther from his comrades
+      than caution would have dictated, and had been fired upon by guerrillas,
+      who were skulking behind the trees in the leafy depths of the forest.
+      Another man staggered to the edge of the bank, and would have fallen
+      overboard, were it not for Ralph's quick leap. He had been wounded in the
+      arm, and as he was helped on board he said; &ldquo;There is a band of them up
+      there in the woods.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Fire!&rdquo; <span class="pagenum">[226]</span><a name="link226" id="link226"></a>came
+      the word of command, and the bullets whistled after the fleeing band, who
+      did not return the shots, however. Whether they were hit, was not known. A
+      detail was sent to bring in the body of the dead soldier who had fallen
+      just at the edge of the woods. This incident checked the gay spirits of
+      the men, but, after all, it was one of the possibilities of war, and might
+      have befallen any one there.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0167" id="linkimage-0167"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0235m.jpg" alt="0235m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0235.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      They reached the city of New Orleans on the evening of February 21st, and
+      encamped at a beautiful little village about eight miles below that city.
+      But their stay was brief, and again they were transported across the Gulf
+      to Dauphine Island, Alabama. The March weather was health-inspiring, but
+      they had no leisure for admiring natures lovely face, for there was more
+      fighting ahead.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[227]</span><a name="link227" id="link227"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0168" id="linkimage-0168"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0236m.jpg" alt="0236m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0236.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[228]</span><a name="link228" id="link228"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Mobile Bay was now the destined point. Crossing over to the mainland, they
+      spent several days in skirmishing, it being General Grants design to
+      divert the enemy's attention from his real intention, which was to attack
+      and subdue Spanish Fort, before whose walls they were arrayed on the dawn
+      of March 27. Bombardment began early. A dense curtain of smoke hung over
+      the fort, like a pall, and after four days of vigorous assault, their guns
+      were silenced, and just before the midnight hour, the works were carried,
+      amid wild cheers and exultation.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0169" id="linkimage-0169"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9237.jpg" alt="9237 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9237.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Great events were taking place while the Western army was busy. Sheridan
+      and his cavalry had not been idle in the Shenandoah Valley, and at
+      Waynesboro' General Custer, the intrepid, who commanded his Third
+      Division, routed General Early, and took 1,500 prisoners, and every gun
+      and train he had. Sheridan was not content with this victory, but he
+      ruined the locks in the James River Canal, destroyed parts of the
+      railroad, thus cutting off supplies, and then joined General Grant's army,
+      and passed through Dinwiddie Court House with his splendid body of
+      cavalry, and attacking the right flank of the Confederates at Five Forks,
+      found no <span class="pagenum">[229]</span><a name="link229" id="link229"></a>difficulty
+      in dislodging their cavalry, when a strong force of infantry came to their
+      rescue, who in their turn routed Sheridan most unexpectedly. At once Grant
+      hurried the Fifth Corps forward to his assistance, but it was noon of the
+      first of April before he could get them into position.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0170" id="linkimage-0170"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0238m.jpg" alt="0238m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0238.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Bringing up his mounted force in front, who dashed forward in gallant
+      style, he led the Fifth Corps so as to completely encircle <span
+      class="pagenum">[230]</span><a name="link230" id="link230"></a>the
+      Confederates. This manouver was an unpleasant surprise to the enemy, and a
+      victory for the Federal side. Five Forks was held by them, and 5,000
+      prisoners fell into the hands of the Union army.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Following up his advantage, General Grant leveled two more forts, whose
+      defenders still resolutely held out&mdash;Forts Gregg and Whitworth, at
+      the latter of which the Confederate General Hill was shot.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0171" id="linkimage-0171"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0239m.jpg" alt="0239m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0239.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      General Lee's flight was a sad ending to his earnest hopes and faithful
+      espousal of the cause which he believed right. He was pursued closely by
+      General Grant, who attacked him whenever <span class="pagenum">[231]</span><a
+      name="link231" id="link231"></a>the two armies approached each other.
+      These conflicts were severe and destructive, as it presented the strange
+      fact of two bodies of soldiers, both skilled and brave, moving along over
+      the open country, unprotected by any entrenchments, and continually
+      falling upon each other with desperation. To add to the gloom of Lee's
+      situation, his men were half-famished and nearly worn out.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0172" id="linkimage-0172"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0240m.jpg" alt="0240m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0240.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Arriving at Appomattox Court House, a week after leaving Petersburg, he
+      was again checked by Sheridan's dismounted cavalry, <span class="pagenum">[232]</span><a
+      name="link232" id="link232"></a>who were massed in a solid line across his
+      path, but this gave him no uneasiness. He advanced with confidence that he
+      could easily break their ranks, when to his dismay they drew off to the
+      right, and his progress was barred by a heavy force of blue-coats, with
+      their glittering weapons.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0173" id="linkimage-0173"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0241m.jpg" alt="0241m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0241.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      A halt was made, and as Sheridans men <span class="pagenum">[233]</span><a
+      name="link233" id="link233"></a>were about to charge upon them, a flag of
+      truce was sent out, which caused a cessation of hostilities.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      General Lee's hopes had suddenly been destroyed. He had bravely held out,
+      even in the face of adverse fate, and even in March had summoned General
+      Gordon, who had command of Stonewall Jackson's old corps, to a conference,
+      and that general had frankly told him the hopelessness of a further
+      struggle. His own admission was that his army were almost starving, he
+      could not furnish men, or food, or horses, and after visiting the
+      Confederate Congress at Richmond the next day, he came back almost
+      heart-broken, but with no power to stay the tide of blood. The desperate
+      attack on Fort Steadman and the failure of the Confederate troops to cover
+      their retreat followed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      General Grant's liberal terms which he dictated to the defeated men were a
+      marvel of generosity. He merely asked that they lay down their arms and
+      return to their homes, where he promised them fullest protection in all
+      their rights, so long as they did not again take up arms against the
+      government. He also permitted them to take their horses with them, as they
+      &ldquo;would need them for plowing,&rdquo; so sure he was that the end of the terrible
+      war had come, and that men would be glad to resume the peaceful pursuits
+      of life.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The two great commanders, Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee, had
+      exchanged several notes relative to the surrender, and on the 9th of April
+      they met at the McLean House, where the terms were made known, and the
+      next day General Lee issued a farewell address to his army, whose love and
+      devotion to him had proven itself in many a hard-fought field.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2HCH0020" id="link2HCH0020"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHAPTER XX. THE SURRENDER.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0174" id="linkimage-0174"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9243.jpg" alt="9243 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9243.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      ICHMOND has <span class="pagenum">[234]</span><a name="link234"      id="link234"></a>surrendered! The army of Lee has retreated! From every
+      little village, and in every vast city the glad cry rang forth on that
+      bright April morning, early in 1865, till the echoes bore the joyful
+      tidings to every camp and bivouac in the Union army, &ldquo;Shout the glad
+      tidings!&rdquo; The words rang out, and the streets of the cities were filled
+      with excited crowds of men and women, who were frantic with joy. Even the
+      little children seemed to have become inspired with the enthusiasm, and
+      laughed and danced, they knew not why.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Flags were run up in haste, men and boys ran wildly around, singing and
+      cheering, strangers clasped each others' hands gladly, while women wept
+      with joy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The &ldquo;good news,&rdquo; however, had been received at first by the army to which
+      Ralph belonged, with incredulity, and such expressions as &ldquo;We've heard
+      that before!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;My feet are pretty sore tramping!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I'm going right on to Richmond now!&rdquo; and it chagrined the officer in
+      charge so deeply to think that they could not accept it as a truth, that
+      he had the men drawn up in line, some 6,000 strong, in the pine woods
+      through which they were marching, and appointed officers to ride up and
+      down the line and announce it officially. And then what a roar and
+      thundering of cheers aroused the echoes in those old trees! No more
+      weariness then, no more stumbling and grumbling, but they made all haste
+      to the town to which they were nearest, and set up a playful bombardment
+      with blank charges, to celebrate the event, much to the rejoicing of the
+      citizens there, who were as glad as they.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the worn-out, sunburned soldiers it was good news, and as they <span
+      class="pagenum">[235]</span><a name="link235" id="link235"></a>gathered in
+      groups loud rejoicing and eager discussion was heard among them. To Ralph
+      it brought the grateful thought that the dawn of peace was near, and the
+      Union would once again be restored, and his heart was full of a quiet
+      thankfulness that words could not express.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But alas, for the jubilant people&mdash;for those who were rejoicing, and
+      to whom a feeling of relief had come, because there was no more war. Those
+      who had so bitterly opposed each other on fields of battle, whose
+      differences had received a &ldquo;baptism of blood,&rdquo; met daily, more like
+      brothers than late enemies. True, bitterness and disappointment rankled in
+      some hearts, but it is also true that all over our broad land, both North
+      and South, men rejoiced together that they could return to the homes they
+      had been so long exiles from, and once more take up the thread of social
+      and business life, with a surety that it would be no more severed But even
+      while the North was trembling with excess of happiness, a terrible shadow
+      darkened the brilliancy of the victory&mdash;the four years of struggle
+      and bloodshed were obliterated, so it seemed, by a wave of sorrow that
+      swept over the heart of the North, paralyzing its throb of ecstasy.
+      Abraham Lincoln, the friend of all mankind, whose life was free from petty
+      vindictiveness, and whose whole aim was the restoration of the republic on
+      a fair and just basis, a grand and unselfish man, was struck down by the
+      hand of an assassin&mdash;J. Wilkes Booth. The President was shot while
+      sitting with his wife and other friends, in a box at Ford's Theater,
+      Washington, April 14, 1865, and he died the next morning. The entire
+      nation was dumb with grief and consternation. On the heels of sweet and
+      gentle peace came the dread question&mdash;What will be the outcome? A
+      nation had been plunged into mourning by the mad act of a fanatic.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[236]</span><a name="link236" id="link236"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0175" id="linkimage-0175"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0245m.jpg" alt="0245m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0245.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      At once the War Department issued a poster, offering a large reward for
+      the capture of the murderer, and on April 26 he was tracked to an old barn
+      on Garrett's farm, twenty miles from Fredericksburg, with a shattered leg.
+      He refused to surrender, <span class="pagenum">[237]</span><a
+      name="link237" id="link237"></a>and the building was set on fire, and he
+      was shot in attempting to escape, and captured. He had received a mortal
+      wound, from which he died.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The surrender of General Lee was followed by that of all the principal
+      armies of the Confederacy; the last to throw down their arms being the
+      command of General Kirby Smith, on the 26th of May. Thus very little was
+      left for the Government to do, save to reconstruct the shattered portions
+      of our land, to repress wandering bands of outlaws, and to maintain order.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0176" id="linkimage-0176"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9246.jpg" alt="9246 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9246.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The close of the war was welcomed by North and South alike&mdash;it was as
+      if a hideous nightmare had been banished, and now the waking dreams of
+      desolated homes, reunited, could be realized.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To the boys in blue who had fought valiantly and untiringly, the news that
+      the opposing armies had surrendered was a relief, although they
+      sorrowfully turned their faces homeward, at the remembrance of those who
+      came not with them; still a deep joy filled their souls as they thought of
+      those who were waiting to receive them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The same scenes were transpiring at the South, where patient wives,
+      mothers, sisters and daughters were waiting and watching for those who had
+      been so strangely preserved to them, and happy voices and beaming smiles
+      made their home-coming glad.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The two armies&mdash;the Army of the Potomac and Sherman's Army&mdash;were
+      sent to Washington late in May for review, before being mustered out of
+      service. The scene was inspiring. The <span class="pagenum">[238]</span><a
+      name="link238" id="link238"></a> streets were packed with a surging mass
+      of people, proud to shout and cheer for the brown-faced men who fought for
+      the upholding of their beloved government.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0177" id="linkimage-0177"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0247m.jpg" alt="0247m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0247.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[239]</span><a name="link239" id="link239"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0178" id="linkimage-0178"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0248m.jpg" alt="0248m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0248.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Banners, garlands of flowers, tumultuous cheering, marked the marching
+      divisions of the Army of the Potomac, as they wheeled into line, and
+      arriving at <span class="pagenum">[240]</span><a name="link240"      id="link240"></a>the grand stand at the White House, where President
+      Johnson and his cabinet reviewed them, the officers gave a royal salute
+      with their swords, while the commanders of the divisions sprang from their
+      horses, and went upon the stand as their commands filed by.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The following day, May 24, Sherman's noble army of bronzed and
+      weather-beaten men were reviewed in the same manner, and as the marching
+      columns kept step to the music of their bands, the enthusiasm was intense,
+      and broke into cheer after cheer, while the houses, sidewalks, and every
+      spot where human beings could find a foothold, was one mass of waving
+      flags, handkerchiefs and streamers.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As Ralph, in far-away Montgomery, where the regiment was to remain but a
+      day or so, read the account of the monster ovation, his bosom swelled with
+      pride, and life seemed to, take on a rosier color. Every cheer that was
+      uttered, every look of welcome to those who passed through the streets of
+      Washington that day, he considered a tribute to every soldier in the land;
+      for had they not all done their duty and stood by their colors?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He claimed a share in that rejoicing, even though could not be there, and
+      he vaguely wondered if those who had died to save this glorious Union did
+      not also rejoice at the dawn of peace, and the new birth of a nation,
+      whose proudest boast should ever be that &ldquo;All men are born free and
+      equal.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      His soul went out in peace and love to all&mdash;to those who had fallen
+      in battle or died of wounds on either side; to the dear comrades whom he
+      remembered long; to that grana martyr&mdash;the type of freedom, justice
+      and love for all&mdash;Abraham Lincoln!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Dreaming, are you?&rdquo; a cheery voice broke in upon his musings.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Yes, Steve, I am dreaming&mdash;dreaming of the time when I can go to my
+      mother, and tell her how grateful I am that I have been saved through all
+      the sad scenes the past four years have shown me.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[241]</span><a name="link241" id="link241"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0179" id="linkimage-0179"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0250m.jpg" alt="0250m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0250.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Well, <span class="pagenum">[242]</span><a name="link242" id="link242"></a>it
+      won't be very long before you can go. I have no mother to welcome me;
+      you're a lucky boy, Ralph. But we are ordered to Union Springs, about
+      forty miles or so from here, to do post duty. They are having lively times
+      down there between the darkeys and their former owners, and they need us
+      to adjust matters. The boys are being disbanded as fast as possible, and
+      it will be our turn soon.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0180" id="linkimage-0180"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0251m.jpg" alt="0251m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0251.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I shall not be sorry, but I have had many instructive and useful
+      experiences. Life in the army has been to me the best school I ever knew.
+      It has taught me the beauty of discipline, the value of freedom, and an
+      insight into military affairs which I never could have had. It has left
+      me, too, with a warmer admiration for the blessings of a wise, just and
+      stable government.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Well, <span class="pagenum">[243]</span><a name="link243" id="link243"></a>I
+      never gave these things a thought, but I believe you are right, and I
+      don't know but I'm better prepared to take up the business of life than I
+      should have been without this training. But to the case in hand. We leave
+      here in a day or two, and shall be compelled to say good-bye forever to
+      some very nice people we have met.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;That's true, Steve, and I am sorry it must be so.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Two days later, and while the daily papers were full of the descriptions
+      of the gorgeous spectacle the review furnished, they moved on to Union
+      Springs. Here they found a turbulent element which only the presence of
+      soldiers could quell. Remaining here until the middle of July, they had
+      orders to proceed to Vicksburg, where they were to be mustered out of the
+      service of the United States.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was August before they reached Vicksburg, where they were discharged
+      from further service. When Ralph stepped on board the steamer which was to
+      convey them to Cairo, he was overjoyed. His spirits bubbled over like a
+      schoolboy's, and he mingled with the gay crowd of passengers, with a light
+      heart. The water was low, and as they sailed between the banks, the sounds
+      of industry were plainly to be heard, as the blacks worked in the fields.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As they glided along, the merry throngs were amusing themselves, some in
+      the cabin, dancing to the music of the piano, some chatting as pleasantly
+      with the soldiers as if their acquaintance had extended over years, and
+      all light-hearted and careless. A sudden commotion was heard, and the
+      quick, sharp voice of the captain giving orders. Too late&mdash;a sudden
+      jar, a trembling of the boat, and a crash, over all of which were heard
+      shrieks of terror and the hoarse shouting of the officers, as the boat,
+      with her hull completely torn away, began to settle into the muddy bottom.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A huge snag, floating down stream, had caught the boat's hull, and
+      completely destroyed it, and the steamer was sinking like lead.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The river was alive with frightened human beings, some of whom <span
+      class="pagenum">[244]</span><a name="link244" id="link244"></a>had jumped
+      at the first shock, while others had been hurled into the water. Ralph was
+      among the latter, and his terror was intense, as he wondered, with
+      lightning-like rapidity, whether he had passed through so much danger,
+      only to perish miserably just when he felt that he was safe. He was
+      overcome but a moment, however, and seeing the gang plank floating a few
+      yards away, he swam toward it, and seizing one end, he raised himself upon
+      it and began to plan what he should do next. The cries of some were
+      growing feebler. He saw men on the bank putting boats out from shore, and
+      as he floated along he called loudly to those within sound of his voice,
+      trying to encourage them. He caught a lady by her dress and placed her on
+      his raft, then a child floated by, whose light form he grasped firmly, as
+      he laid her on the planks. Thus Ralph managed, by courage and strength, to
+      save fifteen persons on his clumsy but exceedingly useful craft.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He paddled them to shore, and on his way he saw a young black girl who had
+      been on board with her mistress. She was being drawn at a rapid pace
+      through the water, by hanging to the tail of a mule, who was swimming
+      vigorously to land. One moment her head would be under the water, as the
+      mule went along, and the next she would come up to the surface, sputtering
+      and shaking it from her streaming head, but never for an instant relaxing
+      her hold of the frightened animal, who must have wondered a little why he
+      was being used for a tow boat. Ralph's love of fun and the queer spectacle
+      overcame him, even in the midst of danger, and as she went by, he asked
+      her how she was getting along.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Fust rate, massa. We'll make de passage, I 'low, sooner dan yo' crew
+      will.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      All the passengers were saved, and those who owed their rescue to Ralph's
+      courage, would have made him the hero of the hour, but he modestly
+      disclaimed any praise, for it was by mere luck, he said, that the
+      gang-plank came his way, and any one would have done as much, or even
+      more. <span class="pagenum">[245]</span><a name="link245" id="link245"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0181" id="linkimage-0181"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0254m.jpg" alt="0254m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0254.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      A <span class="pagenum">[246]</span><a name="link246" id="link246"></a>gunboat
+      was sent to take them up the river, and soon the placid scenery of the
+      Mississippi was exchanged for the ripe fields, the well-tilled farms of
+      Illinois, as they were whirled on the train toward Chicago. The sun poured
+      down his hottest beams, the skies were sultry, and the pavements hot and
+      dusty, when they reached that city, but a reception awaited them, which
+      made the heat and dust seem trifles, as they marched through the lines of
+      people who greeted them on their return from the war. And as the battle
+      flags were borne aloft, some mere tattered rags, some with blood dyed
+      folds, carried by maimed and scarred veterans, whose eagle eyes scanned
+      the throngs to find some one whom they knew and who would clasp them by
+      the hand as in the olden time, there was not a man in those thinned ranks
+      but thanked his heavenly Father that once more he trod the soil of a clime
+      where peace folded her snowy wings, and the sounds of war and discord were
+      heard no more.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When the train rolled into the depot, Ralph heard the shouts and cheers
+      going up for the boys in blue, and a six-pounder was fired off, giving
+      them a salute of thirty-six guns. He felt proud to belong to that stalwart
+      band of men who had borne the brunt of the battle, and whose hands had
+      helped to rear the massive structure of a reunited nation upon an enduring
+      base&mdash;freedom for all. And then cheers broke forth from thousands of
+      throats, women's faces grew brighter, children caught the contagion of
+      joy, and men shouted v and hurrahed until they were hoarse. The boys had
+      come home from the war, and their toil and privations were past. Never
+      again, it was to be hoped, should the wave of dissension sweep across the
+      land, but the banner of liberty should float from every tower and dome,
+      for all nations to honor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The soldiers had caught the glad spirit of welcome, and as they wheeled
+      into line and kept step to the music of their bands, every nerve tingled
+      and burned, and their hearts beat tumultuously. They were to be shown
+      still farther attention, for they were escorted to a hall, <span
+      class="pagenum">[247]</span><a name="link247" id="link247"></a>where, when
+      they had &ldquo;stacked arms,&rdquo; they clasped hands with old friends, and after a
+      half hour passed in renewing old friendships and making new, they were
+      invited to an elegant banquet, to which they all did justice.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      To Ralph the scene was a revelation&mdash;the brightly lit hall, the
+      perfume of countless flowers, the kind attentions of beautiful women, and
+      the eloquent speeches&mdash;all in turn charmed him, and the home-coming
+      seemed, indeed, a delightful fairy vision.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But there were yet three weary days of waiting ere the final forms were
+      gone through with, the regiment paid off, the Board of Trade having
+      assumed the payment, so as to permit the men to return home more speedily,
+      and to Ralph they were the longest and most tedious he ever remembered.
+      But at last his face was turned homeward, and as he sprang from the car,
+      and hurried along the one short mile that divided the dear mother from
+      him, his sunburned and speaking face, the erect form and swinging, elastic
+      step, bore no resemblance to the boy who had come home to die, two years
+      before.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His mother and sisters stood in the doorway, and as they threw their arms
+      around him, and pressed him to their hearts, he knew at last the sweet and
+      tender bliss those two simple words conveyed&mdash;&ldquo;Home again!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      And when, in the years that followed, the simple army boy rose to position
+      and fame in the field he chose for a life-calling, his dearest memories
+      were of the toil and pain and sacrifice of the days he spent in the army.
+      His proudest boast was that, humble as were his services, obscure as he
+      was, he gave all he had, youth, energy, enthusiasm and endurance, to the
+      cause of universal freedom, and dearly as he loved his mother and home, he
+      still more dearly loved the land of his birth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0024" id="link2H_4_0024"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      THE SANITARY COMMISSION.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      I want to tell the boys and girls who have followed Ralph's simple story
+      to the end of the war, about a grand body of men and women who worked
+      valiantly for the soldiers while they were fighting in the field. Indeed,
+      it would be unjust to the wives, mothers <span class="pagenum">[248]</span><a
+      name="link248" id="link248"></a>and sisters of the boys of the days of the
+      war, did I not say something about this noble enterprise.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It has been said that women cannot fight, but even that assertion is not
+      strictly true, for the records of history have furnished many cases of
+      women going to the front with their husbands, disguised as men. But though
+      they did not help swell the quota of soldiers, they did noble deeds&mdash;they
+      cheered and comforted the boys in the field, and took tender care of them
+      when sick or hungry. And one of the most powerful outgrowths of this
+      humane and womanly sympathy was the Sanitary Commission.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When the war broke out, in 1861, the women of the North met at once in
+      many places to confer with each other as to the best means for taking
+      proper care of the sick and wounded. They commenced to form societies, and
+      chief among their objects was the wise one of bringing the sick home
+      wherever it was possible, purchasing warm clothes, provisions and little
+      additions to their comfort which the Government could not supply, the
+      sending of books and papers to the camps, and keeping informed as to the
+      condition and needs of the soldiers, by corresponding with officers of
+      regiments, thus learning all they could about individuals.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Such efforts were lofty and patriotic, and coming to the notice of Dr.
+      Henry Bellows and Dr. Elisha Harris, they talked the matter over, and
+      proposed to call a meeting, to get things into shape. They saw the value
+      of the aid which women could give, so selecting Cooper Union. New York
+      City, for a gathering-place, they invited all the societies of women whose
+      aims were similar to meet with them, and this hall, one of the largest at
+      that time, could scarce contain those who came, so earnest was the
+      interest taken in the matter. A permanent association was formed, and a
+      constitution was framed by Dr. Bellows.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[249]</span><a name="link249" id="link249"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0182" id="linkimage-0182"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0258m.jpg" alt="0258m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0258.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The next step they took was to send a committee to Washington, offering
+      the Government their services. General Scott received it kindly, but did
+      not see that it was right to give the members <span class="pagenum">[250]</span><a
+      name="link250" id="link250"></a>any authority. But they were not
+      discouraged, though it is sad to say that the first days of the Commission
+      were very dark, for they found army officials full of jealousy, for they
+      could not see that anything which could be practical and useful could
+      exist outside of the regulations.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Government itself had just gone through the hard task of making
+      matters straight between the regular army and the volunteer, and very
+      naturally dreaded any further agitation, or the opening up of any new
+      topic. But after trying so hard to accomplish something, they were glad of
+      even the permission given them to form a commission, which should consult
+      with the government as to the sanitary condition of the people. This was a
+      small concession, but it was the beginning of an immense undertaking.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Still, they were distrusted and suspected, and at this unfortunate
+      juncture, their friend, Surgeon-General Lawson, died, and was succeeded by
+      Dr. Clement Finley, who was bitterly opposed to the movement. Another long
+      struggle ensued, which was ended by permission being given them to form a
+      commission that should act only in connection with officers of the
+      volunteer army, and have no authority whatever. This was permitting them
+      to do good only on their own responsibility. Even Mr. Lincoln, whose heart
+      was ever in the right place, seemed to consider their plans and aims as of
+      small account, but he, with Secretary of War Simon Cameron, yielded, and
+      the association was, on June 13, 1861, made real.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      One of its first steps was to obtain the discharge of boys (of whom there
+      were a large number in the army) who were too young for hard service, and
+      sickly men who had been mustered in through careless and hasty
+      examinations.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      From this time the Commission grew, until it had so many, avenues of
+      usefulness that it became too vast to attempt to carry out its designs
+      under one head, and so women everywhere were called upon to help in the
+      great work by forming local societies, to carry on their labors. More than
+      7,000 such sprang into <span class="pagenum">[251]</span><a name="link251"      id="link251"></a>existence, all of whom raised supplies of food and
+      clothes and money to bestow on the brave boys in hospital and field. It is
+      estimated that in the course of the war the Sanitary Commission provided
+      4,500,000 meals for sick and hungry soldiers. They also had ambulances,
+      and were often found on the field with supplies, and at the very front,
+      rescuing those who were wounded. It had hospitals and depots for the
+      objects of its care. It had camps for soldiers who were convalescent, and
+      not only looked after the physical needs of the boys in blue, but in
+      connection with the Young Men's Christian Association measures were taken
+      looking to their souls' needs, also, and religious reading matter was
+      given them, prayers and addresses were had at the recruiting offices, and
+      a hymn book was compiled, which seemed to be exactly what a soldier
+      needed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0183" id="linkimage-0183"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9260.jpg" alt="9260 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9260.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The Sanitary Commission had a ready assistant in the Christian Commission,
+      which came into existence as a working body on November 14, 1861. These
+      two organizations worked harmoniously together, and it can never be told
+      how much good they did.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Among the many women who gave their whole strength with sincerity, we have
+      space for but a few names, although the list might lengthen out
+      indefinitely, for to woman is due the credit of unselfishness and
+      patriotism and earnestness in whatever project she engages. She never
+      gives her efforts grudgingly, but puts her whole soul forth. The women of
+      the North and of the South gave all they had&mdash;-their dear ones whose
+      going away clouded the light of home, their services in ministering to the
+      sick, their patient skill in furnishing articles for their personal use.
+      All these things women did for the cause, and much more.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Miss Taylor was born in New York, but lived at the breaking out of the war
+      in <span class="pagenum">[252]</span><a name="link252" id="link252"></a>New
+      Orleans. She was ever ready to work in the hospitals, and gave liberally
+      of her means to the boys in the army.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is told of her that it was well known that she loved the old flag, and
+      this caused bitter feelings, a mob once even surrounding her house, and
+      demanding to know her sentiments. She was watching her dying husband. They
+      gave her five minutes to say whether she was for the North or South, and
+      threatened her that if she was for the North, they would tear down her
+      house. Her brave answer was, that she was and ever should be, &ldquo;Tear my
+      house down if you choose!&rdquo; she said To their honor, be it said, although
+      very angry with her, they dispersed without doing her any injury.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0184" id="linkimage-0184"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:30%;">
+      <img src="images/8261.jpg" alt="8261 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8261.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      A young lady who volunteered as a nurse just after the first battle of
+      Bull Run was Miss Hattie A. Dada, also of New York. She worked incessantly
+      through the entire war, part of the time in the Eastern and part in the
+      Western armies. She was taken prisoner by the Confederates after the
+      retreat of General Banks in the Shenandoah Valley, and was held three
+      months. After her release she spent two years in the hospitals at
+      Murfreesboro, a very arduous field of labor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0185" id="linkimage-0185"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9261.jpg" alt="9261 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9261.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Philadelphia was a point which received Hi a large number of soldiers who
+      passed through that city, either going to the front or going home on
+      furlough&mdash;often disabled. Several ladies established an eating-house
+      for their benefit, where they could obtain meals free.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[253]</span><a name="link253" id="link253"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0186" id="linkimage-0186"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0262m.jpg" alt="0262m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0262.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      One of the most tireless workers in this direction was Mrs. Mary B. Wade,
+      who, in spite of her being over seventy years of age, never left her post
+      save <span class="pagenum">[254]</span><a name="link254" id="link254"></a>for
+      necessary sleep, but waited on them night and day, during the four years
+      of the conflict.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0187" id="linkimage-0187"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:30%;">
+      <img src="images/8263.jpg" alt="8263 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8263.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      There were many other opportunities for women to work in the cause. Bazars
+      were held, materials were solicited and manufactured for sale, speeches
+      were made, arousing patriotic sentiments, and societies were formed to
+      assist formed to assist the families of soldiers. There was no end to the
+      calls for kindly offices.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Among the foremost of those who turned their talents to this use, was Mrs.
+      Mary A. Livermore, of Boston, the celebrated pulpit orator. Her efforts
+      were given freely to making the Northwestern Sanitary Fair, held at
+      Chicago, an immense success.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Perhaps no woman's name is so widely known, after Florence Nightingale's,
+      of the Old World, as having labored long and unceasingly in the cause of
+      humanity, as is that of Clara Barton. Her arduous services in field and
+      hospital, her untiring devotion to the welfare of the soldier, her efforts
+      to find the dead and missing, so as to send word to their kindred, her
+      weary search in Southern prisons for news of the absent, and her formation
+      of a corps of nurses to work for the helpless in the present war, have
+      endeared her to every humane heart in our land. She knows no distinction&mdash;all
+      are alike the objects of her bounteous care. And when the names of those
+      who love their kind go down into history, Clara Barton's will be honored
+      and revered among the first killed at Cold Harbor; it unnerved her so that
+      her own death followed soon, and on the 27th of July, 1864, she passed
+      away to a heavenly shore.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[255]</span><a name="link255" id="link255"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0188" id="linkimage-0188"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0264m.jpg" alt="0264m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0264.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0189" id="linkimage-0189"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:30%;">
+      <img src="images/8265.jpg" alt="8265 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8265.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The famous author, Louisa M. Alcott, whose &ldquo;Little Women&rdquo; almost every
+      girl in the land has read, was a most devoted nurse in the hospitals, and
+      afterward embodied her experiences in a book entitled &ldquo;Hospital Sketches.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0190" id="linkimage-0190"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9265.jpg" alt="9265 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9265.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      There were women on both sides of the contest Margaret <span
+      class="pagenum">[256]</span><a name="link256" id="link256"></a>E.
+      Breckenridge, a relative of the celebrated Breckenridge family of
+      Kentucky, served constantly in the hospitals, until she was prostrated by
+      illness. Her pure face and lovely manners made the boys regard and call
+      her &ldquo;The Angel.&rdquo; She was very ill, but determined to continue her &ldquo;labor
+      of love,&rdquo; when the death of her brother-in-law, Colonel Porter, who was
+      who <span class="pagenum">[257]</span><a name="link257" id="link257"></a>did
+      effective work as spies, for the cause they espoused. Among the most noted
+      of these was Pauline Cushman, a Union spy, who was wounded twice while in
+      the service, and was made a major by General Garfield, and Belle Boyd, who
+      was famous throughout the war as one of the most daring and successful
+      spies the Confederacy had.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0191" id="linkimage-0191"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/8266m.jpg" alt="8266m " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8266.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The life of spies is one of incessant danger, and demands rare qualities
+      of mind to carry out their designs. Whatever opinion may be formed of
+      their vocation, it is a historic truth that spies are absolutely necessary
+      in time of war.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The scars of the great Civil War we know are healed. We have given our
+      dearest and best, and as one great and united people, we are marching on
+      to a grander future than even the most hopeful could have foretold.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Peace had come to our land, but the man whose splendid generalship had won
+      it for us, was seized with a painful affection of the throat, which soon
+      developed into cancer. The heart of the nation went out to him in
+      sympathy, but human aid could avail nothing.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He was an agonized but patient and uncomplaining sufferer, and during all
+      his illness he worked laboriously at his &ldquo;Memoirs,&rdquo; which he had
+      undertaken to write for publication, and finished them but four days
+      before he died. He had passed through a long year of pain and anguish,
+      ended only by his death, which took place at Mt. McGregor, near Saratoga,
+      New York, July 23, 1885.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His funeral was probably the most imposing ever accorded to a <span
+      class="pagenum">[258]</span><a name="link258" id="link258"></a>citizen of
+      our great Republic. Although twice called to the Presidential chair as a
+      tribute of the love of a grateful people, yet his highest title when death
+      came was that he was a simple American citizen.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0192" id="linkimage-0192"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0267m.jpg" alt="0267m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0267.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[259]</span><a name="link259" id="link259"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0193" id="linkimage-0193"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0268m.jpg" alt="0268m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0268.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      His admirers at once set to work to raise a fund to build a tomb worthy of
+      the hero; it was completed, and General Grant's remains were removed to
+      it, and the structure given up to the city <span class="pagenum">[260]</span><a
+      name="link260" id="link260"></a>of New York, on the 27th of April, 1897,
+      with magnificent ceremonies. The celebration occurred on the recurrence of
+      his birthday, he having been born at Point Pleasant, Ohio, on April 27,
+      1822. His tomb stands on a height of land at the north end of Riverside
+      Park, New York City, where a fine view of the beautiful Hudson is had, and
+      is a just tribute to a truly great man.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our dead are not forgotten. The custom of strewing flowers on the graves
+      of the dead soldiers, in the cemeteries of the North and South, has taken
+      a deep hold upon the hearts of the people, and yearly the beautiful
+      ceremony is faithfully observed, Thousands wend their way to the
+      resting-places of the dead and cover the green mounds with those sweet
+      emblems of remembrance and love.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0194" id="linkimage-0194"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0269m.jpg" alt="0269m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0269.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      It <span class="pagenum">[261]</span><a name="link261" id="link261"></a>is
+      a blessed thought that, though they have gone hence, and their battle cry
+      sweeps no more like a whirlwind in the faces of the enemy, yet the sacred
+      anniversary brings back the memory of their heroic deeds, and as the bands
+      of music peal out in solemn strains, and the tongues of orators are heard,
+      recounting the story that will never grow old, the heart is stirred by a
+      tender love for them, and goes out to the dead of the army who wore the
+      gray as well. They were dear to their friends, among their most precious
+      possessions, who mourn them deeply yet. The boys in gray laid down their
+      lives with a complete renunciation of self, and their graves should be
+      honored and remembered.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Memorial Day has become what its name signifies&mdash;a mingling of the
+      friends of the Blue and the Gray, and a cordial exchange of mutual
+      courtesies. The graves of both are decked in unison in many of the
+      resting-places of the nation's soldier dead.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The thought of decorating the graves of their dead comrades originated
+      with the Grand Army men, and they inaugurated the custom on May 30, 1868.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Let this hallowed duty be observed in every graveyard of our land. And
+      when the blossoms of beauty are borne to their resting-places, scatter
+      them with lavish hands over the men who wore the Blue and the Gray, alike.
+      They are slumbering peacefully under the green sward, and the sounds of
+      conflict will disturb them no more. As we stand at their graves, let
+      gentle thoughts of love and sympathy drive forever away all harsh or
+      bitter memories. Let us think of them as having finished the battle&mdash;it
+      is over, and they have gone to their reward.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The sun shines kindly down upon them; may its beams brighten and bless
+      every living soul on whom they fall.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When the veil fell upon the drama of the Civil War, it was believed that
+      the throes of battle would never again convulse' our land. Peace was
+      welcomed and hopes were indulged that it would be perpetual. Brothers met
+      brothers again in the walks of social and business life, the scars of
+      discord were healed and the rude sounds of dissension were banished. <span
+      class="pagenum">[262]</span><a name="link262" id="link262"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0195" id="linkimage-0195"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0271m.jpg" alt="0271m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0271.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0025" id="link2H_4_0025"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      TWO VOICES.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      A <span class="pagenum">[263]</span><a name="link263" id="link263"></a>SOUTHERN
+      VOLUNTEER.
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Yes, sir, I fought with Stonewall,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      And faced the fight with Lee;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      But if this here Union goes to war,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Make one more gun for me!
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      I didn't shrink from Sherman
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      As he galloped to the sea;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      But if this here Union goes to war,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Make one more gun for me!
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      I was with 'em at Manassas&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      The bully boys in gray;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      I heard the thunderers roarin'
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Round Stonewall Jackson's way,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      And many a time this sword of mine
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Has blazed the route for Lee;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      But if this old nation goes to war.
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Make one more sword for me!
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      I'm not so full o' fightin',
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Nor half so full o' fun,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      As I was back in the sixties
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      When I shouldered my old gun;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      It may be that my hair is white&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Sich things, you know, must be&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      But if this old Union's in for war,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Make one more gun for me!
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      I hain't forgot my raisin'&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Nor how, in sixty-two
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Or thereabouts, with battle shouts
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      I charged the boys in blue;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      And I say I fought with Stonewall.,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      And blazed the way for Lee;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      But if this old Union's in for war,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Make one more gun for me!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      HIS <span class="pagenum">[264]</span><a name="link264" id="link264"></a>NORTHERN
+      BROTHER.
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Just make it two, old fellow!
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      I want to stand once more
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Beneath the old flag with you,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      As in the days of yore
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Our fathers stood together,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      And fought on land and sea
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      The battles fierce that made us
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      A nation of the free.
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      I whipped you down at Vicksburg,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      You licked me at Bull Run;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      On many a field we struggled,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      When neither victory won.
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      You wore the gray of Southland,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      I wore the Northern blue;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Like men we did our duty
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      When screaming bullets flew.
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Four years we fought like devils,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      But when the war was done,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Your hand met mine in friendly clasp
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Our two hearts beat as one.
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      And now when danger threatens,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      No North, no South, we know;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Once more we stand together
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      To fight the common foe.
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      My head, like yours, is frosty&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Old age is creeping on;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Life's sun is lower sinking,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      My day will soon be gone;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      But if our country's honor
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Needs once again her son,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      I'm ready, too, old fellow&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      So get another gun.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0026" id="link2H_4_0026"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      A REMINISCENCE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0196" id="linkimage-0196"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9274.jpg" alt="9274 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9274.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      HE <span class="pagenum">[265]</span><a name="link265" id="link265"></a>night
+      had fallen slowly and softly. The stars had stolen out, now dancing gaily
+      in one corner of the heavens, and now a cluster of them marched forth in
+      stately fashion. The air was quiet; even the leaves had quit whispering,
+      the breeze had died away, and they nodded sleepily on their stems. Pretty
+      Alice Whiting sat on the porch of the one-story, old style plantation
+      house, and lazily wished the tea-table, whose disorder showed it had been
+      attacked by hungry mouths, would vanish bodily. But it didn't, and she
+      ruefully contemplated the prospect of clearing it up herself, with much
+      chagrin, for such lovely nights, she declared, were not made to work in.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      She had come to Memphis from the North with her husband and brother, who
+      had &ldquo;settled&rdquo; in that hospitable city. Frank and Will had gone to the
+      lodge, and she had been dreaming of her far Northern home. As she sat
+      there her head rested against the vines which covered the porch, turning
+      it into a perfect bower of beauty. Her dark brown hair waved and curled
+      around a broad, full forehead; her features were far from regular, but the
+      piquant nose and smiling mouth redeemed them, and gave a saucy charm which
+      was more pleasing than set beauty. And as the moon rose in the sky, until
+      her pale beams lit up the darkened porch, flooding every corner, she made
+      as pretty a picture as one would wish to look upon. Something of this
+      thought evidently passed through the mind of the man who had stolen
+      noiselessly through the garden until he stood by her side, for he looked
+      earnestly upon her as if loth to disturb her, and then longingly at the
+      table, which had abundance, even after the appetites of the household had
+      been appeased.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With a start she sprang to her feet. Her heart beat loud and <span
+      class="pagenum">[266]</span><a name="link266" id="link266"></a>rapid with
+      fear, as she looked at the stranger. Visions of burglars, guerrillas and
+      all the clan, flitted through her brain, and held her dumb, unable to
+      utter a sound, from pure terror.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Certainly the man before her was not one to reassure her, for he was
+      wild-eyed and dirty, and his ragged clothes had fallen away from his thin
+      frame.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Don't be afraid, ma'am,&rdquo; he said, in a voice intended to be gentle and
+      assuring; &ldquo;all I ask is a bite to eat. I'd never hurt a woman.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      She drew a quick breath of relief.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Are you hungry?&rdquo; she asked.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Hungry? Look at me, ma'am. Do you see any signs of the gourmand about
+      me?&rdquo; pointing to his pinched face.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I'll give you something to eat&mdash;for Eddie's dear sake,&rdquo; she added,
+      in a faint whisper.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Bringing clean dishes, she poured out a cup of coffee, and bade him sit
+      down and help himself.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Can I have a wash fust?&rdquo; he asked.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Yes, and welcome.&rdquo; Bringing him a basin of clear cold water and a towel,
+      she had the pleasure of seeing some of the tawny hue disappear, and he
+      seated himself and began to eat most heartily.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was just after the war, and the city was full of homeless men, who
+      roamed its streets, unable to find work, and actually living on charity.
+      Some of them had no home to go to, and others could not raise the means to
+      take them there.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Pears like we wus whipped bad,&rdquo; he said, between the mouthfuls.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      She nodded an affirmative.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I 'lowed General Forrest would help me to get back to Georgy. There's
+      whar I belong.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Did you ask him?&rdquo; The General was a resident of Memphis at that time.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I went to see him about it, and he couldn't do nothing&mdash;said he had
+      no money,&rdquo; which was a fact, no doubt.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I <span class="pagenum">[267]</span><a name="link267" id="link267"></a>tell
+      you, them cussed Yanks fit well. They had good pluck, after all.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I think they proved that,&rdquo; she said faintly, her terror returning, for
+      she saw he thought her a Southerner as well as himself, and she had misty
+      visions of being strangled, the silly girl. &ldquo;Oh,&rdquo; she thought, &ldquo;will Frank
+      never come?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The man ate as if he had not seen food for many a day, and all the time
+      his discourse was about the Yanks and what he'd like to do to' them. At
+      last his hunger seemed satisfied, and rising, with his ragged, faded
+      soldier cap in hand, he began to thank her profusely for her kindness.
+      Something in her face arrested his attention, for he suddenly paused, and
+      coming a step nearer to her, he said:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I didn't like to beg, but I was nigh dead. If those Northern cusses
+      hadn't beaten us into poverty, I'd have been home with my old mother now.
+      I don't 'low they'd ever give a crust to a dog to keep life in his body!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Her face flushed, and a sudden courage came to her. She answered,
+      defiantly&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Indeed, you do not do us justice. You do not know us.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Know you? Ain't you one of our people, ma'am?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I am one of those people you despise&mdash;a Yankee,&rdquo; she answered,
+      looking him steadily in the face.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;A Yankee? And you have fed <i>me</i>. Fed a man who has been abusing you
+      right along, and you must hate him?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I do not hate you. Oh, no, I could not hate a single human being. You are
+      one of God's children, and so am I.&rdquo; The scowl of doubt and distrust fled
+      from the man's troubled face. He towered above her, tall, gaunt, but
+      powerfully built.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;But it seems strange you'd be so willing to help me out, when you knew
+      that I was agin your kind. Why did you do it?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You were hungry, and asked me for food. I have a better reason than that,
+      even. I am but a girl, but I had a little brother younger than I, the idol
+      of our home, who went to war, as a bugler. He was so frail and boyish that
+      they wouldn't enlist him as an able-bodied soldier, but he would go. He
+      was wounded <span class="pagenum">[268]</span><a name="link268"      id="link268"></a>and taken prisoner in the Battle of the Wilderness,
+      carried to Andersonville, where he died. I made a solemn promise to my own
+      heart that never, while life lasted, would a human being ask me for food
+      in vain, even though I took the food from my own lips to give him. I will
+      keep my word. You are welcome to all I have given you. May you never
+      want.&rdquo; The man looked down at her, and in a choked voice said: &ldquo;Ma'am, may
+      I take you by the hand?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      She held out both hands toward him, and as he grasped them and reverently
+      bent over them, a tear dropped on their whiteness, and he walked quickly
+      away into the silence and darkness of the night.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0197" id="linkimage-0197"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0277m.jpg" alt="0277m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0277.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0027" id="link2H_4_0027"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      THE LITTLE BLACK COW.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      AN INCIDENT OF THE WAR. <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0198"      id="linkimage-0198"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9278.jpg" alt="9278 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9278.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      T <span class="pagenum">[269]</span><a name="link269" id="link269"></a>was
+      the autumn of 1864, and the supplies for the boys in blue were being
+      hurried forward. The Government purchased cattle in the North and West,
+      and sent them to its soldiers, for they must be fed or they could not
+      fight. The Southern army had not fared so well&mdash;they were destitute
+      of nearly everything. Foraging had been kept up the troops on both sides,
+      until the land was almost devastated. Families were suffering from hunger,
+      for most of the able-bodied men were at the front, and only old men and
+      pretended farmers remained to till the land. These latter belonged to the
+      roving bands of guerrillas who pretended to work the farm lands. Want
+      stared women and children in the face. Little ones who could not
+      understand the dreadful fever of hate and blood that was abroad in the
+      land looked into the faces of their elders, and asked for food.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thomas Grant was a young fellow of nineteen who had seen some service in
+      the Missouri militia, and was full of life and youth. His early days had
+      been spent on a farm in Northern New York, where his reckless courage and
+      fine horsemanship had made him a leader among his boy comrades. When he
+      entered the Government service it was for the purpose of driving cattle to
+      the army for its use.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The position was one of great danger. Their steps were watched by
+      guerrillas by night and by day, and many a stray shot <span class="pagenum">[270]</span><a
+      name="link270" id="link270"></a>picked off a cattle driver or one of the
+      soldiers who accompanied them as guards. Hurrying them over hill and dale,
+      now in dense woods, and now over country roads, sometimes struggling and
+      sticking in the clayey beds, it was a common event to have many of the
+      tired animals, worn and footsore, fall down in their tracks, to be
+      abandoned. These animals were a rich harvest for the guerrillas who
+      hovered in their wake, like birds of prey, for they would capture the
+      weary beasts, and convert them into food. It was the pride of a cattle
+      driver when he could bring the bulk of his drove to the destined point,
+      and deliver them to the quartermaster.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was sultry, and the dust lay in heaps along the highway. The news had
+      come that a large body of Confederate cavalry were about to attack
+      Stevenson, Alabama, which was held by the Union forces, and the cattle
+      were hurried out of the town as soon as the first beams of the morning sun
+      lighted up the earth. The boom of cannon and the rattle of musketry lent
+      wings to their going.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The rebs are after us, and we'll lose every steer we have,&rdquo; the foreman
+      said to Tom Grant, who rode beside him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The morning breeze brought the scent of the wild flowers on its wings, and
+      as the soldiers guarding the train marched with easy, swinging step, it
+      seemed more like a lively walk taken for pleasure than a dangerous
+      undertaking. The hills ahead were clothed in a beautiful green, sprinkled
+      thickly with the white clover so dear to the bovine tongue.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We'll get away all right, Tom,&rdquo; said the foreman, Jim Morrison. &ldquo;But we
+      must make quicker time than this. Our usual twelve miles a day ain't going
+      to bring us out of the reach of the Johnnies, and before we get far they'd
+      overtake us, and then good-bye to the steers, and to our own liberty as
+      well.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;There's trouble ahead already,&rdquo; Tom replied. He was active and lithe, and
+      ever on the alert, showing much skill in managing cattle.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Blast that long-horned steer,&rdquo; Cleary, the assistant foreman, cried.
+      &ldquo;They're on the stampede. Boys, go after them, lively.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      A <span class="pagenum">[271]</span><a name="link271" id="link271"></a>score
+      of drivers set spurs to their horses, while the frightened animals, with
+      tremendous leaps, thundered across an open field, and made straightway for
+      a gully just beyond the field. The scene was one of wild confusion. The
+      shouts and oaths of the drivers, the trampling and crowding of the
+      maddened creatures, as they tore over the grassy field, and the sounds of
+      the firing behind them, in the beleaguered town, were indescribable.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      John Morrison and Tom Grant spurred their horses toward the flying cattle,
+      intending to head them off, but Tom's horse was fleet, and coming up to
+      the leading steer, he threw the whole force of his horse's breast against
+      the steer's neck, and vigorously plying the whip to its nose, he checked
+      its headlong career, and drew him into a circle. At once the remainder of
+      the drove followed their leader, and quiet was restored. The unreasoning
+      animals, governed only by instinct, were soon started on their original
+      course.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The lieutenant in charge of the drove complimented young Tom in the
+      warmest terms, stating that he had accomplished more than any ten men.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The journey was finished without any further incident. They made such good
+      time that they escaped capture at the hands of the Confederates, and on
+      arriving at Chattanooga, Lieutenant Reed was promoted to the charge of a
+      drove of 3,000. This honor he knew was due principally to the ability and
+      quickness of manouver which Tom Grant had exhibited, and to show his
+      gratitude he had the boy appointed to the superintendence of the drove, a
+      position which many an older man coveted.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Days passed slowly by; the cattle, many of them, grew restive and
+      footsore. Often one or two would lie down, and then it was impossible to
+      get them up again.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Where did that little black cow come from?&rdquo; one of the men asked,
+      pointing to a cow walking sedately along in the drove.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I suppose she's wandered in from some farm place we've passed on the
+      way,&rdquo; Tom Grant said. &ldquo;But anyhow she's a godsend, for we'll have fresh
+      milk now.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Can you milk?&rdquo; the Lieutenant asked.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Can I? <span class="pagenum">[272]</span><a name="link272" id="link272"></a>What
+      was I brought up on a farm for, I wonder!&rdquo; Tom responded.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You're a regular encyclopaedia, Tom,&rdquo; the officer laughed. &ldquo;But, of
+      course, the cream comes to headquarters.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Certainly&mdash;but what shall I raise it in, my hat?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We'll fix that. On second thoughts, think I'll take the cream with the
+      milk&mdash;just whenever I can get it.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The little creature was as smooth as satin, and quite plump. To Tom's
+      charge she fell, and he milked her each day as he promised he would, and
+      she soon became known as &ldquo;Tom's cow.&rdquo;' She seemed quite at home.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      One hot and sultry day, when they had traveled with considerable speed,
+      Tom's prize showed signs of exhaustion. At last she could go no farther,
+      but lay down, hot, tired and footsore, at a cross roads.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We'd better let her rest and then we'll come back after her,&rdquo; Jim Cleary
+      said.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;That's the best thing we can do, I believe.&rdquo; So the animal was left where
+      she had dropped, and the drove kept on till they found a place where they
+      could feed and rest for the night.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As soon as it began to grow dark Tom and his companion started back to
+      where they had left the cow. She was not there, but a woman sitting
+      outside of quite a pretentious, two-story house, informed them that a man
+      who lived &ldquo;down the cross road a piece&rdquo; had driven her to his own home.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We'll have to get her back, Tom, for she's quite an acquisition to our
+      larder.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      It was quite dark when they reached the place to which they had been
+      directed. It was a weather-beaten old log house, with one room down stairs
+      to serve the family, and an attic or loft above. Rapping at the door, they
+      heard a gruff voice bid them enter. By the dim light of a sputtering
+      candle they saw a rough, poorly dressed man and a woman sitting at a table
+      which had no cloth, on which was some corn bread and sorghum. The mother
+      held a puny, sickly little girl in her arms, whose big <span
+      class="pagenum">[273]</span><a name="link273" id="link273"></a>eyes roved
+      restlessly around, as if wondering who the strangers were. A tin cup stood
+      by her plate, full of milk.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Strangers, what ar' yer business?&rdquo; The man's threatening countenance
+      seemed to demand an instant reply.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We are looking for a cow we've lost.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Wall, what's that to me? Yer didn't expect to find it here in this cabin,
+      did ye?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Not exactly in the cabin, but we heard it was down here.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Wall, that's about so, but I found the critter lying down in the bottoms,
+      and I concluded she was as much mine as any one's.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;That ain't so, for we own the cow; that is to say, she joined our drove
+      of cattle we are taking to the army, and so we have the first claim on
+      her.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The man seemed to be listening. He paused a moment, and looked furtively
+      around, and then at the two armed men. He went on:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I'd not have troubled it, only for the sake of my little un there. She's
+      sick, and can't eat a thing. She'll die soon without some nourishment,&rdquo;
+       and he pointed toward the child, who was the picture of starvation.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Tom's heart was tender. He saw the man had not overstated the case, and he
+      rose to go.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Come, Jim,&rdquo; he said, &ldquo;You can see the child needs that milk bad&mdash;worse
+      than we do. Mister,&rdquo; he said, turning to the man, &ldquo;you are welcome to the
+      cow, on one condition; and that is, that you promise on your word as a
+      father that the little girl may have all the milk she can drink, every
+      day.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The woman had not spoken till now, but with a glad look she started to her
+      feet, and pressing the child into its father's arms, she said&mdash;&ldquo;Jack,
+      that's a fair bargain. And you're a fair man, sir, after all.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The man looked at Tom, then out of the window, and said&mdash;&ldquo;Look here,
+      young fellow, you've, shown you've got a heart, and I won't be beat in
+      doing the fair thing, by any one. This neighborhood is full of fellows who
+      wouldn't mind giving you a chance <span class="pagenum">[274]</span><a
+      name="link274" id="link274"></a>shot. The woman up at the big house has
+      given them the word that you're here, and before you know it, there'll be
+      a committee sent to wait upon you. Don't go back the same road you came,
+      but strike for that piece of woods, and then cut across the fields, and
+      you may get away. Hurry&mdash;you haven't much time before you&mdash;you
+      know the rest.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Into their saddles the two men vaulted, after thanking the man for his
+      caution, and away they dashed. The stars were out in full force, and the
+      darkness of an hour before had lifted, for the moon was rising, and as
+      they entered the woods their shade hid them from sight. They rode fast
+      through them, and struck a corduroy road, a rarity in that part of the
+      country, and as they left it behind them, and were going to take the
+      field, Jim whispered&mdash;&ldquo;Don't stir a step. Pull your horse into that
+      thicket. Over there I hear them after us.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      They could hear the horses galloping down the road they had just left, and
+      by the faint light could see that there was a dozen or more men.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;A narrow escape for us,&rdquo; said Tom.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We haven't escaped yet. They'll not let us get off without scouring these
+      woods.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Which way shall we go?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Why, away from this vicinity as quick as we can.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;My Kentucky thoroughbred will carry me out of danger&mdash;she can outrun
+      anything they've got.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;But I've only got a long, lank, rangy old mule, and half-blind at that.
+      I'm destined to be captured,&rdquo; ruefully answered Jim.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;No, we're not&mdash;they are turning off into the left hand road; no,
+      there's three or four taking the other one. Some have dismounted, and are
+      talking with the man we've just left. He's true blue; he's pointing away
+      in another direction.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Well, he's not so bad after all, even if he is a guerrilla.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Why, do you believe he's one of that band?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Sure as preaching he belongs to the gang who are bothering the whole
+      country round here, and all that saved us was your generosity <span
+      class="pagenum">[275]</span><a name="link275" id="link275"></a>in making
+      him welcome to the little black cow. He's got a heart hid away somewhere,
+      and you just touched it.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Tom's eyes opened wide. &ldquo;I couldn't see that little creature starving
+      there, and not offer them something to help her out. Why, she was nothing
+      but skin and bones.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We mustn't loiter here. It is a good three miles to camp, and we must
+      make it quick, or they'll head us off before we reach the road.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Touching their animals lightly with their spurs, they dashed across the
+      open field toward another road, and were almost ready to congratulate
+      themselves on their escape, when they heard a yell, and looking back they
+      saw one of the guerrillas who had sighted them and was almost standing in
+      his stirrups in his excitement, and shouting wildly to his companions, who
+      were coming after him at full gallop. Tom and Jim did not need any further
+      hint, but led the way, at a rattling pace. Tom was mounted on a racer, but
+      Jim's army mule proved that he could run, for he kept pace with the horse,
+      almost neck and neck. Whether he dreaded capture and being set to work, or
+      feared being converted into mule meat, we are not able to say, but he held
+      his own.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With shouts and oaths that were heard by the two men with distinctness,
+      the guerrillas dashed after them, while they kept on with break-neck
+      speed, now through a gully, then over a broken fence, and sinking in the
+      furrows of fields that had been plowed in the long ago, now past a ruined
+      building that rose up black and forbidding in the weird moonbeams, and
+      then the lights gleamed friendly from one that was occupied. What the end
+      of this John Gilpin ride would have been, it is hard to say, for the
+      guerrillas were gaining on them, but at a turn in the road a dozen
+      blue-coats were seen coming toward them. The pursuing foe fired a few wild
+      shots, which were returned with a will, when they wheeled about and fled
+      across the field, and were soon in hiding in the woods.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Tom's cow came near getting me into trouble,&rdquo; Jim Cleary said, when he
+      finished telling the story to the lieutenant.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A few <span class="pagenum">[276]</span><a name="link276" id="link276"></a>weeks
+      later, when they had reached Knoxville and gone into camp, an old,
+      feeble-looking farmer came into the lines looking for Tom Grant. His hair
+      was grizzled, and his beard uncut, and as Tom came toward him, he was
+      surprised to see the wrinkled brown hand extended as if to clasp that of
+      an old friend.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You don't seem to recognize me,&rdquo; the man said awkwardly. &ldquo;You haven't
+      forgotten the little sick gal and her mammy down in the country a hundred
+      miles or so?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You're not the man who showed us so much kindness when you knew the
+      guerrillas were on our track?&rdquo; Tom asked.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The very same. You see a gray wig and a butternut suit make quite a
+      farmer outen me. I'll never forget you, stranger, nor how you saved my
+      baby. She was the only gal we had left&mdash;we'd lost three, and when she
+      took to that milk so, and you told me to keep the cow, why, I couldn't
+      hold still. I'd had it in my heart to kill you both, that night. I had
+      only to whistle and I'd have brought the whole band about your ears. The
+      little gal&mdash;Eda, we call her&mdash;began to pick right up on that
+      milk, and now she's as peart as any child you ever saw. My woman says to
+      me&mdash;'Martin, go and tell that young fellow the good turn he has done
+      us.' I've followed your trail for nearly a hundred mile to tell you that
+      you will never be forgotten in our home, and I'll never raise a gun
+      against a Yank again.&rdquo; <span class="pagenum">[277]</span><a name="link277"      id="link277"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0199" id="linkimage-0199"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0286m.jpg" alt="0286m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0286.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0028" id="link2H_4_0028"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      A WAR STORY.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0200" id="linkimage-0200"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9287.jpg" alt="9287 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9287.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      HEN <span class="pagenum">[278]</span><a name="link278" id="link278"></a>the
+      war broke out, Helen and Marie Mason, twin sisters, were left at home with
+      no protector save two old slaves, Dan and Lois. Their father had given
+      every dollar he had to the cause of the South. The two girls had grown up
+      without a mother's care, for she had died when they were ten years old,
+      and their father had mourned her so deeply that he had never thought of
+      giving them a new mother. But they were not spoiled&mdash;they lived in
+      this simple little home, tenderly guarded by their father, and all their
+      needs had been carefully looked after by the two old slaves, who would
+      have laid down their lives for them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But when in the second year of the war, Mr. Mason went into the army,
+      their hearts were nearly broken. They declared they could not spare him,
+      the &ldquo;old darling.&rdquo; Were there not plenty of younger and stronger men? and
+      besides, they were half Union at heart, and did not share their father's
+      sentiments of fidelity to the Southern cause.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They showed no signs of their sorrow at the parting, but, with Spartan
+      endurance, bade him a long farewell, and he set off, followed by the
+      prayers of his beautiful daughters. Letters and messages came often to the
+      little home by the Mississippi, and time did not hang quite as heavily as
+      they had feared it would; but their father's letters were filled with
+      bitter rancor, and he sought earnestly to impress upon their minds the
+      enmity which <span class="pagenum">[279]</span><a name="link279"      id="link279"></a>they should cultivate as daughters of the sunny South,
+      against the soldiers of the North.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But there was one chapter in their life which he had not fully conned.
+      Marie would sigh deeply over her father's messages, but Helen, who had
+      more independence and self-reliance, found words of consolation for her.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the days before the war, their home had been the scene of many a
+      pleasant gathering, and among their guests were several young men of
+      Northern birth, whom business or pleasure had brought to the South, and
+      who had found great attractions within their charmed circle. Marie did not
+      know why she took such pleasure in the coming of Walter Ryder, or why she
+      felt so lonely when he was away. Her father had liked the young man for
+      his manly, straightforward bearing and honest principles, but he could not
+      tolerate his becoming a Union soldier, and when he learned of his
+      intention, he forbade his gentle Marie ever to see him again.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In vain Walter had striven to see her, if only for an instant, so that he
+      might say good-bye to her. She would not disobey her father, and yet it
+      was with a bitter pang that she refused to meet him once more before his
+      departure.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Old Aunt Lois saw how her lily drooped, but she had great faith in her
+      master's judgment, and she didn't &ldquo;like Northerners nohow,&rdquo; and yet she
+      wiped many a tear away with the corner of her blue-checked apron, as she
+      lamented about &ldquo;diswah dat upset eberybody's 'pinions so.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Walter had gone without a word to cheer him. He had gone from the place
+      which had grown so dear, and while pretty Marie wept, Helen chided her for
+      her lack of fortitude.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The months went by, and they often heard through returned soldiers of
+      Walter Ryder. Then came news that he was wounded, and then that he had
+      died of his wound. The whole world seemed to have stopped then for poor
+      Marie. She grew thin and white, and she reproached herself incessantly
+      because she had so cruelly refused to see Walter. The house grew strangely
+      still, <span class="pagenum">[280]</span><a name="link280" id="link280"></a>for
+      there were no more social meetings, and Helen shared the gloom that
+      enveloped Marie.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Pears to me dat eberyting goes wrong,&rdquo; Aunt Lois said, as she stopped in
+      her mixing bread, and gazed out upon the landscape, which was beautiful to
+      look upon.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But Aunt Lois was no poet or artist, only the colored cook in this lovely
+      home. &ldquo;Fust de wall cum&mdash;den Massa Mason brung home to die, and
+      pretty Missie Helen sitting dar in her bodoor all alone all day, neber
+      speaking a word to po' Miss Marie, who lubed her father dearly. Don't I
+      know dat po' little gal is breaking her heart 'tween losing dat foolish
+      man and her dear father?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Lois&mdash;Aunt Lois!&rdquo; a sweet and girlish voice called.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;What is it, honey&mdash;Ise coming!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Before she could take her hands from the dough a slender young girl, whose
+      pure face would have made the veriest stranger admire it, burst into the
+      kitchen, and sank in a heap at the feet of the old negress, who, now
+      actually alarmed, seized her by the arm, and with a look of anxiety on her
+      black face, asked the girl what had happened.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I've seen him&mdash;seen Walter. They said he was dead. Oh, Aunt Lois, he
+      looked so brave, so happy. I never thought he <i>could</i> look happy
+      again,&rdquo; and the tears streamed down her face.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Now cum here, chile, and sit in yo' old auntie's lap as yo' used to when
+      yo' was a tiny gal, and I used to tell yo' stories and sing de old
+      plantation melodies. Come, and you'll forgit all about yo' trubbles.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Lois had cleared her hands by this time of the dough, and as she took the
+      girl by the hand, a loud rap sounded on the outside door.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Oh, look, there's a whole lot of soldiers on the lawn, but he ain't with
+      them!&rdquo; Marie added, as she peered from the window.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Ise not afraid of sogers! What do you want?&rdquo; Aunt Lois said, boldly
+      advancing to the door, where a tall soldier in blue stood, with a dozen
+      men, all armed. &ldquo;Hello!&rdquo; he said rather roughly, but catching sight of
+      Marie, whose face was blanched with <span class="pagenum">[281]</span><a
+      name="link281" id="link281"></a>terror, he spoke more courteously: &ldquo;I beg
+      pardon, Miss, but we are in search of a spy who goes by the name of Walter
+      Ryder. We have tracked him to this place, and have orders to arrest him.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;My&mdash;&rdquo; she choked the telltale words, and with dignity answered:
+      &ldquo;Walter Ryder is not a spy, neither is he here.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I regret the necessity, Miss, but I must search the house.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You can,&rdquo; she said, haughtily.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Leaving the soldiers posted around the house, the sergeant and two of the
+      men entered the dwelling, and commenced the search, but it was useless,
+      for no trace of Walter was found. When they came to the door of Helen's
+      room, they found it locked, and yet they heard voices.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I thought you were dead,&rdquo; some one was saying. &ldquo;My sister has mourned you
+      constantly.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      They struck the butts of their guns against the panels of the door, and
+      demanded admission, but no one answered. They pushed it open, and the girl
+      who sat there sprang to her feet, thoroughly frightened, but no one else
+      was in the room.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The three men looked at each other with a puzzled look. There was but one
+      window in the apartment, and that was covered with a mass of clinging
+      vines so dense and thick that they formed a complete mat. They pushed
+      their bayonets through the tangled mass, but no one was there.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Helen gazed at them as if half stupefied. The sergeant courteously raised
+      his cap, and said: &ldquo;Miss, we are in search of a man whom we think is a spy&mdash;he
+      certainly was seen in these grounds.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We do not harbor spies, sir.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I do not think you do&mdash;but he may have used your premises for a
+      hiding-place. I beg your pardon for intruding. Right about face!&rdquo; to his
+      men, A still more prolonged search of the grounds revealed nothing, and
+      after placing a guard, the remainder left.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But where was Marie? As soon as the soldiers had left the room she went
+      back to Helen, who sat with bowed head, and <span class="pagenum">[282]</span><a
+      name="link282" id="link282"></a>touching her gently on the arm, she
+      whispered&mdash;&ldquo;Sister.&rdquo; A tender light shone in Helen's face, but she
+      answered&mdash;&ldquo;Marie, if you only knew how I have injured you&mdash;I
+      have not been a sister to you.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Not a sister to me, dear Helen? Why, you are the dearest of sisters. What
+      do you mean?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Marie, could you dream that your sister, who loves you so dearly, would
+      willingly have wronged you so that you never can forgive me?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I cannot believe you, Helen. Explain, will you?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I poisoned our father's mind against you. I wrote him that you were
+      receiving Walter Ryder's attentions, and that I had prevented an elopement
+      by my watchfulness.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Helen! How could you? And that is the reason that he would not see me
+      when they brought him home wounded. How cruel! Father, you cannot hear me,
+      but you must know the truth now.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I dare not ask your forgiveness, nor dare I tell you why I did it.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The girl stood before her sister, and in low and pleading tones she urged&mdash;&ldquo;Tell
+      me all, Helen. I <i>will</i> call you sister,&rdquo; as the other put up her
+      hand with a gesture of pain. &ldquo;You know how fond you were of Walter once.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      A frown contracted the brow of the girl who listened, and she buried her
+      face in Marie's lap, as she continued&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I am ashamed to tell you, my unselfish sister, that I have done such a
+      grievous wrong. I, too, loved Walter Ryder. Do not start. I was
+      infatuated, and when he asked our dear father's permission to address you,
+      I hated him, and from that hour I lost no chance of ruining him in his
+      estimation. He went into the Northern army, and that helped my cause.
+      Father swore that no daughter of his should marry a man who would take up
+      arms against the South. I played a double part. I told Walter of our
+      father's objections, and also persuaded him that you were half promised to
+      a colonel in our army. He went away, <span class="pagenum">[283]</span><a
+      name="link283" id="link283"></a>and was killed at Chattanooga.&rdquo; And the
+      stately Helen broke into a passion of weeping.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Sister, who told you that he was killed?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I have letters from cousin Will, telling me so, and lamenting his death,
+      for he was much attached to him.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Did you not hear the soldier to-day charge Walter with being a spy?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I did not hear the name of the man they were looking for&mdash;it surely
+      was not Walter?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The rosy flush that rose to her cheeks made Marie turn faint. Could it be
+      that her sister cared for him yet?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Do not look at me as if you doubted me. That foolish passion has burned
+      itself out. My only hope is that he lives, so that I may repair, in a
+      measure, the wrong I have done you both. When I have seen you pining, my
+      heart has ached for you.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Oh, Helen dear, how good you are!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The twilight deepened, as they sat there, and a shot was heard, which
+      brought them both to their feet. Another rang out, and with a wild cry of
+      alarm the girls fled from the house, toward the spot from whence they
+      came. Marie saw a form fleeing into the darkening woods, and heard the
+      command &ldquo;Halt!&rdquo; It never paused, and as the soldiers raised their rifles
+      to fire, she sprang almost in front of their weapons, and cried&mdash;&ldquo;Do
+      not fire again. You have killed him.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;We have not fired at all. It was not our shot that struck him, but we
+      were about to fire on the man who wounded him, and whom you saw running
+      away,&rdquo; Sergeant Hughes said, respectfully.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At a short distance they found Walter Ryder, who was wounded in the side,
+      and as they carried him back to camp, he said&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Take me to the Lieutenant. I can prove my innocence.&rdquo; Marie and Helen
+      threw themselves into each other's arms. Old Lois wrung her hands in
+      despair.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I tole you no good wud cum outen dat man's comin' round here,&rdquo; she said
+      to old Dan.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I <span class="pagenum">[284]</span><a name="link284" id="link284"></a>doant
+      know why not,&rdquo; he said. &ldquo;Wat you got agin him?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;He ain't our sort,&rdquo; she said, contemptuously. &ldquo;Nordern men am diffunt
+      from Soudern&mdash;doan yo' sense it?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Dat's not for me to explaticate. But who was it gib'd us our freedom but
+      dem same Nordern men; and isn't it worf sumfing to own yo'self? Dat's wat
+      de Nordern 'trash,' as you call 'em, has done for you and me.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I neber could talk wif you, old man, for youse always on de contrary
+      side,&rdquo; and she left the partner of her joys and sorrows with what was
+      intended for a very lofty step.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;De old gal doant like my plain speaking,&rdquo; Dan chuckled. &ldquo;But Ise on de
+      right side always.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Next morning dawned brightly. As the birds sang their welcome to early
+      day, a young girl left the house and walked rapidly toward the camp, a
+      quarter of a mile distant. No one would have recognized the elegant Helen
+      in her disguise. She wore a calico dress, much faded and too large for
+      her, pinned in folds about her form. A sunbonnet hid her lovely face, and
+      an old black cape completed the outfit. She carried a basket of fruit, and
+      to all appearances was a country lassie seeking a market for her goods.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      No challenge was given her. The customary &ldquo;Halt!&rdquo; was replaced by a
+      gracious smile from the guard, and permission was given her to enter.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I want to see the General who has charge here,&rdquo; she said. A broad smile
+      was on the soldier's face. &ldquo;The General is out on business just now, Miss.
+      Indeed, I haven't seen him for some time. Won't the Lieutenant do as
+      well?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The haughty look she gave him brought the flippant fellow to his senses.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Miss,&rdquo; he stammered, in an apologetic tone, &ldquo;if you've got anything to
+      sell, why you'd do better to see the cook. He buys all our provender, and
+      will take your fruit, I'm certain.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I wish to see the officer who is in command here,&rdquo; she continued.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Bob,&rdquo; <span class="pagenum">[285]</span><a name="link285" id="link285"></a>the
+      guard said, &ldquo;go tell the officer of the day that a lady wishes to see
+      him.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The Lieutenant will see the lady at once,&rdquo; the man said, on his return.
+      Conducting her to a tent, she entered, and saw a very handsome young man,
+      &ldquo;far handsomer,&rdquo; she thought, &ldquo;than Walter.&rdquo; His brown eyes rested
+      inquiringly upon her as he arose and politely handed her a camp stool. She
+      seated herself, but remained silent. He kindly said&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Did you wish to see me on any particular matter? I am at your service.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Helen's heart beat fast. She knew that she was placed in a strange
+      position, but she felt she could endure any unjust comment, so that she
+      could undo the wrong she had done her sister and Walter Ryder.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Sir, I came to ask you if the young man who was shot yesterday, was
+      killed?&rdquo; and her voice faltered.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Ah,&rdquo; Lieutenant Gordon thought, &ldquo;she is no simple country girl. Why is
+      she interested in a Union soldier?&rdquo; The query gave his voice a tinge of
+      bitterness as he made reply&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;He was not, though he deserved death, for he is a Confederate spy.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Oh, sir, you are wrong. Believe me, he is no spy, and I will prove it to
+      you, if you will only listen.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      In her excitement she had risen to her feet, and her sun-bonnet had fallen
+      off, while her long dark hair rippled over her face, which was flushed and
+      eager. Again that bitter feeling crossed the officer's mind as he gazed at
+      her, half forgetting that she was waiting for his permission to explain.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You will not shoot him as a spy&mdash;you cannot be so cruel!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Miss, it does not rest with me to decide the fate of the young man. He
+      will be tried on the charge of being a spy, and if guilty&mdash;why, you
+      know the rules of war.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      She looked at him steadily, and as their gaze met he felt there was some
+      powerful reason for the feeling she showed. He waited courteously for her
+      to speak, but her lips trembled and her voice failed her.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Have <span class="pagenum">[286]</span><a name="link286" id="link286"></a>you
+      any reason to give why he should not be punished?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I have&mdash;he is innocent, and I come to you to ask for his life. I
+      must tell you the truth, and leave it to your honor to conceal as much of
+      the facts as you can, consistent with his safety. My twin sister and I are
+      deeply interested in him.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;And so you are yet,&rdquo; he thought, with a jealous pang. &ldquo;He asked my
+      father's consent to address her, but was refused because he joined the
+      Northern army. I did not like the thought of her marrying him, and I did
+      all I could to prevent it. He went away a long time ago, and we heard of
+      him now and then, but at last we learned that he was killed at
+      Chattanooga. Then my heart turned to fire, for I had driven him away
+      without giving him a chance to hear my sister's promises of fidelity. I
+      learned quite lately that he was not dead, but that his company was doing
+      guard duty at this place. I was so thankful to know that he was alive,
+      that I resolved to see him and tell him the truth. I wrote him, begging
+      him to come to our house, and at a signal agreed upon I would see him and
+      all would be made right. I signed my sister's name, for I wanted to be
+      sure he would come. He was just outside my window, and I had begun to
+      explain, when your soldiers burst into my room, and he hid in old Dan's
+      quarters.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I trust the men were not rude to you,&rdquo; Lieutenant Gordon said, alarmed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Oh, no, they treated us as all true soldiers will, with respect. But oh,
+      if Walter is shot, I shall be a murderess!&rdquo; The look of distress upon her
+      beautiful face made her still more lovely, so the Lieutenant thought.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I believe your story, Miss,&rdquo; he said, &ldquo;and will investigate at once. He
+      had no right to be absent from his post without leave, but I suppose 'the
+      end justifies the means,'&rdquo; smiling into her inquiring face. &ldquo;Meanwhile I
+      will send a guard with you to insure your safety.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Please do not. I came here disguised as a fruit peddler, so as to excite
+      no remarks, and I can go back the same way.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;But <span class="pagenum">[287]</span><a name="link287" id="link287"></a>you
+      have not told me what you have done with the young man?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;He has been placed in the hospital. His wound is quite severe, but not
+      fatal. The strangest part of the affair is, that not one of our men fired
+      a shot. He was wounded by some one unknown to us.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Who could have done it?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I have no idea&mdash;possibly he has some enemy; most of us have.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I must hurry away. Breakfast will be ready, and my absence will make them
+      wonder. Good-morning, sir, and many thanks for your kindness.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Good-morning, Miss&mdash;&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Mason. I live but a half mile away, and I hope, if you are ever near us,
+      you will call and tell us how Walter is. Or, rather, I had better send old
+      Dan, our servant, here every day to inquire.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Do not trouble yourself to do that. I will do myself the honor of
+      calling, to inform you how his wound progresses.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      It was strange how long it took Walter to recover, or at least how many
+      calls Lieutenant Gordon was compelled to make, ere he deemed Marie's
+      nerves would endure the shock of seeing him. Helen always had a bright
+      welcome for the Lieutenant, and when she requested him to allow Marie and
+      herself to visit Walter, the officer shook his head wisely and promised to
+      help the wounded soldier over at a very early day. The latter had been
+      chafing at the delay. Lieutenant Gordon had long since received proofs of
+      his innocence as a spy, and was satisfied that his punishment had been
+      severe enough, but his own case perplexed him. Was he pleasing in her
+      sight; could she care for him; and how dared he tell her his own feelings?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Old Lois was always shaking her head in solemn disapproval. &ldquo;What has dun
+      got into dem two chilien?&rdquo; she often asked old Dan. &ldquo;Dey seems to be
+      gitting 'witched wif dem couple Norvern men. Dey cahnt eider ob 'em hold a
+      candle to Massa Colonel Allison, who's dun gone, on Miss Marie. Why, he's
+      de man <span class="pagenum">[288]</span><a name="link288" id="link288"></a>after
+      my own mind. His big black eyes flash like diamonds, and dat booful beard
+      falls over his mouf like a willow tree. Doan know what young gals is
+      tinking of nowadays.&rdquo; Another shake of the head and a puckering up of the
+      thick lips. &ldquo;But here cums Dan; he never did like Massa Allison, so I
+      won't 'spute wid him, for I 'spises family quarrels.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Old Dan walked slowly and as if thinking deeply, up the path to the
+      kitchen door, and stood there, looking in. Aunt Lois at first thought she
+      would ignore his presence entirely, but curiosity triumphed, and as he
+      showed no desire to talk, but turned off into the woods, she unbent from
+      her dignity, and called loudly&mdash;&ldquo;Dan&mdash;ole man!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      He turned impatiently, and said&mdash;&ldquo;Let me alone, Ise engaged on
+      particular business, dat wimmen don't know nufhn about conducting.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Lois' nose went up into the air, or rather would have gone, were it not so
+      flat and heavy she could not elevate it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;How high and mighty old niggers can be!&rdquo; was her retort. For a day or two
+      there was an air of mystery about Dan which offended Lois deeply, but she
+      wouldn't ask any questions. &ldquo;If my ole man has any secrets from me now at
+      his time of life, well, I'll find 'em out,&rdquo; she said to herself. One
+      forenoon he astonished her by saying&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Does yo' like Massa Allison?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I dus. He's de kind of a gemman dat I likes to see 'roun. Whar's Miss
+      Marie's eyes when she cahnt see how far s'perior he is to dose Norvern
+      sogers who am jess libin' here now.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Yer wouldn't like him so well if yer knew he was a 'sassin, would yer?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The old negress was all attention. &ldquo;A 'sassin, what's dat?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;A wicked man what tries to murder anuder jess becase he lubs de same gal
+      dat he does.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Whose de man? Whar am he?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I'll tell yer sumfing, but yer musn't tell. Ise had de secret a long
+      time, but I cahnt keep it any longer.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Perceed, <span class="pagenum">[289]</span><a name="link289" id="link289"></a>old
+      man.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Massa Allison lubs our sweet mistis.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Which one?&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Why, Miss Marie, ob course. I 'lows Miss Helen is all right, but she
+      cahnt&mdash;&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Dar yo' go, way off from de subjict. What did he do?&rdquo; Dan tiptoed nearer
+      to his spouse. &ldquo;Yer 'members de day Massa Walter was shot. I was in dem
+      woods after rabbits, when I seed Massa Allison wid a musket, lying flat on
+      his face in some high bushes. I felt it was kind o' queer; yo' know he's
+      home on leab ob absence, and so I watched him. Quick I heard de report,
+      and saw Massa Walter fall right down, and Massa Allison rund away fast as
+      a deer. I picked up his hankcher and his name is printed right on it, and
+      I've kep' it in my bussum ever since.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;You telling de troof? If yo' is, my symperthies go right ober to dat ar
+      wounded boy.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Ise telling de troof, ole woman. And now yo' see why Ise got no lub for
+      Massa Allison.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Well, we'd best keep dis yere news to ourselves. Yo' know a nigger's word
+      never'd go before a white man's down here, so we'll jess keep our moufs
+      shut.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      But Aunt Lois' prejudices were strong yet, and it took some little
+      persuasion on the part of Dan before she would acknowledge that Massa
+      Walter was as nice as one ob deir &ldquo;own Soudern men were.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Lieutenant Gordon had at first, when the company was assigned to provost
+      duty, chafed restlessly, for he preferred being at the front, but as the
+      weeks rolled on he became wonderfully resigned to his orders, and so one
+      day he assumed a fierce martial look, and stormed the fortress of Helen's
+      affections. It was a singularly easy victory, for she capitulated at once.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Walter's recovery was slow. When he first met Marie, his joy was almost
+      overshadowed by timidity. He could scarce credit the assurance that she
+      loved him. He never alluded to her sister's part in their separation, and
+      this delicacy won for him <span class="pagenum">[290]</span><a
+      name="link290" id="link290"></a>the gratitude of that young girl. The old
+      slave, Dan, was jubilant. It had been arranged that Lois and he should
+      accompany the two sisters to their Northern homes, where the parents of
+      both the bridegrooms were awaiting them, eager to receive them. The dear
+      old home was to be occupied by their cousin Will and his wife, a
+      sweet-faced Southern girl, who assured them that it would ever be a home
+      for them as well.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      One fine morning in May a double solemn ceremony was performed which bound
+      Marie and Walter and Helen and Lieutenant Harry Gordon together, for life.
+      A few chosen friends were there, and Lois and Dan were decked out in all
+      the colors of the rainbow. Dan chuckled audibly as he informed Lois that
+      &ldquo;dat ar Union was what de whole Souf and Norf ought to celebrate&mdash;a
+      Union forever.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      Walters period of service had expired, and he was free to go. Lieutenant
+      Gordon was to remain behind until the boys were discharged from the
+      service.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;It will not be long before we shall be together again, dear sister,&rdquo;
+       Helen said. &ldquo;General Lee has surrendered, the armies of both sides are
+      being disbanded, and the time will pass quickly.&rdquo; They sat on the veranda,
+      where they had so often sat, and talked over their dreams and hopes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Colonel, whose shot came near ending a life, had disappeared after his
+      murderous attempt. They never heard from him again, and in their luxurious
+      homes the sisters dwell, loving and beloved.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0029" id="link2H_4_0029"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      ROBERT ANDERSON.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0201" id="linkimage-0201"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9300.jpg" alt="9300 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9300.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      HIS <span class="pagenum">[291]</span><a name="link291" id="link291"></a>brave
+      and loyal officer was born at &ldquo;Soldiers' Retreat,&rdquo; near Louisville,
+      Kentucky, on June 14, 1805. His early days were pleasantly situated, his
+      surroundings and companions being of the best. He was a graduate of West
+      Point, leaving that school in 1825, when only twenty years of age. He was
+      a very apt pupil. He entered the third Artillery, and saw considerable
+      fighting in the Black Hawk War in 1832. He was appointed instructor of
+      artillery tactics at West Point from 1835 to 1837, when he served in the
+      Florida War, and in May, 1838, was made assistant adjutant-general to
+      General Scott. He resigned this appointment upon being made captain, and
+      accompanied Scott to Mexico in 1847.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He was wounded very severely at Molino del Rey, and for a time his life
+      was despaired of. In 1857 he was lieutenant in the First Artillery;
+      November 20, 1860, he assumed command of Charleston Harbor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His loyalty to the old flag was proven at Forts Moultrie and Sumter. When
+      he took command of the former he determined to place it in good condition,
+      and he asked for money to make both forts more secure; large sums were
+      allowed him for this purpose.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Fort Moultrie was far from being impregnable. Indeed, the land side was a
+      good point for attack, so he concluded to remove to Fort Sumter, which was
+      built on a rock at the entrance to <span class="pagenum">[292]</span><a
+      name="link292" id="link292"></a>the bay, and could only be reached by
+      boats. He made all his preparations with such secrecy that no one
+      suspected his design, not even his second in command, Captain Abner
+      Doubleday. The first intimation that the latter received was an order to
+      go to Fort Sumter in twenty minutes. The families of the officers were
+      sent to Fort Johnson, opposite Charleston, and afterward taken North.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0202" id="linkimage-0202"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9301.jpg" alt="9301 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9301.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The clever manner in which Major Anderson deceived the Confederates into
+      believing that the troops which silently marched through the little
+      village of Moultrieville that cold December eve, just after sunset, were
+      only laborers going to Fort Sumter, is worthy of the cool and resolute
+      commander. When they reached Sumter, the laborers who were at work in the
+      interests of the Confederates, putting it in shape for their occupancy,
+      opposed the landing of the Union soldiers, but were driven into the fort
+      at the point of the bayonet. Major Anderson afterward sent them ashore, in
+      the supply boats.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At noon of the next day, Major Anderson celebrated his possession of Fort
+      Sumter by raising the Stars and Stripes and by prayer and military
+      ceremonies.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His slender garrison, all told, comprised but sixty-one artillerymen and
+      thirteen musicians. After he had thus taken possession of Fort Sumter,
+      they did not have a very enjoyable time, for provisions were growing
+      scarce, and the markets of Charleston would sell them nothing. Fuel was
+      scarce, and the cold was severe. Besides, they had to resort to all sorts
+      of stratagems to <span class="pagenum">[293]</span><a name="link293"      id="link293"></a>keep up the appearance of being amply provided with
+      ammunition and munitions of war, one of which was the filling of barrels
+      with broken stone, with a heavy charge of powder in the center, which they
+      would roll down to the water's edge, and burst, giving their watchful
+      enemies the impression that the fort was filled with &ldquo;infernal machines.&rdquo;
+       The garrison were in no very robust condition for fighting, for salt pork
+      was nearly their sum total in the meat line.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0203" id="linkimage-0203"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0302m.jpg" alt="0302m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0302.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Meanwhile, arguing went on between the Confederates and the garrison, to
+      the effect that the United States government had gone to pieces and they
+      ought to evacuate the fort quietly. But that was not the sort of material
+      that Major Anderson was made of. And when fire was opened upon him, he
+      returned it in kind, and fought valiantly. It was not till the 13th that
+      he had to surrender. Twice the wooden frame on the inside took fire, and
+      when the flag staff on the fort was shot away, a servant <span
+      class="pagenum">[294]</span><a name="link294" id="link294"></a>named Peter
+      Hart made a staff of a spar, and nailed it to the gun carriages on the
+      parapet under the hot fire of the enemy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On the 14th Major Anderson and his garrison sadly left the fort after
+      saluting the dear old flag, and went on board the <i>Baltic</i>, which
+      bore them to New York.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In May, 1861, Robert Anderson was made brigadier-general in the United
+      States army, commanding the Department of the Cumberland. His health
+      failed so rapidly that he was shortly after relieved and brevetted
+      major-general in the regular army, when he was retired from service. In
+      1868 his health had failed so rapidly that he went to Europe, hoping for
+      relief. His translations from the French on military matters, have been
+      accepted as valuable textbooks, and are used by the War Department. The
+      health he sought eluded him, and his death took place at Nice, France,
+      October 26, 1871.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0030" id="link2H_4_0030"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0204" id="linkimage-0204"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9303.jpg" alt="9303 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9303.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      ENERAL ROBERT EDWARD LEE came from what is known in the South, as a good
+      family. He was the son of Colonel Henry Lee, who was known in
+      Revolutionary days as &ldquo;Lighthorse Harry.&rdquo; Robert was born at Stafford,
+      Virginia, January 19, 1807. He became a cadet at West Point in 1825, and
+      graduated second in his class, composed of forty-six members, in 1829. He
+      never received a mark of demerit or a reprimand during his four years at
+      that institution, thus showing that he honored discipline&mdash;a fine
+      trait in the young. He became a lieutenant in the corps of engineers, and
+      superintending engineer in improvements of the harbor of St. Louis and the
+      upper Mississippi. He also served with great distinction as chief engineer
+      of the army under General Scott. His gallant conduct at Cerro Gordo,
+      Contreras, Churubusco and Chapultepec, in the Mexican War, in the latter
+      engagement receiving <span class="pagenum">[295]</span><a name="link295"      id="link295"></a>a severe wound, won him honors, and he was brevetted
+      major, lieutenant-colonel and colonel.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0205" id="linkimage-0205"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9304.jpg" alt="9304 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9304.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      He was appointed superintendent of the military, academy at West Point
+      from 1852 to 1855, when in the latter year two new regiments of cavalry
+      were formed, in the second of which he secured an appointment as
+      lieutenant-colonel, a most deserved honor. Two years were spent in Texas,
+      but a leave of absence being granted him, he returned to Virginia. He had
+      command of the forces sent to suppress old John Brown at Harper's Ferry,
+      in October, 1859.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The year 1832 was an eventful one to him, for in that year he chose a fair
+      daughter of his native State, for his bride. The lady whom he selected was
+      Mary Custis, daughter of G. W. P. Custis; the latter was the grandson of
+      Martha Custis, and the adopted son of George Washington. General Lee
+      became heir to the estates of Arlington House on the Potomac, and the
+      White House on the Pamunkey. The Arlington estate was confiscated by the
+      Government during the war, and is now national property, and the site of a
+      Union soldiers' cemetery.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When the ordinance of secession was passed in Virginia, April 17, 1861, he
+      at once resigned his commission in the United States army, and wrote to
+      General Scott these words&mdash;&ldquo;Save in defence of my native State, I
+      never desire again to draw my sword.&rdquo; He felt keenly that there was no
+      need of revolution, and would gladly have asked for redress of whatever
+      grievances his State felt that they suffered, but in vain, and he declared
+      that <span class="pagenum">[296]</span><a name="link296" id="link296"></a>although
+      his devotion to the Union was sincere, and he knew what was demanded of
+      the duty and loyalty of an American, yet he could not raise his hand
+      against his friends, his children, and his home.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Virginia had seceded from the Union, but had not yet acknowledged the
+      Confederacy. He was chosen major-general of the forces of the State, a
+      trust which he honestly assumed, and for more than a year, although he was
+      named as one of the five generals whom the State elected after it joined
+      the Confederacy, in May, still he was merely superintendent of
+      fortifications at Richmond, and a sort of military adviser to Jefferson
+      Davis.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His military record, as commander of the Southern army, proves him to have
+      been one of the ablest generals that history furnishes us any record of.
+      When he met General Grant in that little Virginia village, to confer with
+      him as to terms of surrender, it was the meeting of two great commanders,
+      each worthy of a world's admiration.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After the war General Lee refused to attend any public gatherings, but
+      lived a secluded life. His fortune had vanished, his hopes had been
+      defeated, and he was compelled to accept the position of President of
+      Washington College, Lexington, Va. This was in October of 1865. To the
+      last he was in favor of reconstruction in the South, without recourse to
+      arms.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On the evening of September 28, 1870, he was struck with paralysis, and
+      lived but a fortnight, dying on October 12. Thus passed away a man of
+      great nobility of character, brave and sincere.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His wife, Mary, followed him on November 6, 1873. The General had three
+      sons and four daughters. All of his sons served in the civil war.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0031" id="link2H_4_0031"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      AFTER THE BATTLE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0206" id="linkimage-0206"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9306.jpg" alt="9306 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9306.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      T <span class="pagenum">[297]</span><a name="link297" id="link297"></a>was
+      just after the battle of Chancellorsville, and the storm of shot and shell
+      had ceased to rain upon the wounded, who were pinioned in the blazing
+      woods, when the sudden blow which Stonewall Jackson's army had struck, had
+      left a trail of woe and blood. The dense forest had hidden the oncoming of
+      Jackson's forces. They stole in noiselessly and fell upon the Union men
+      under General Hooker, like an avalanche.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The pickets had not given the alarm, so swift and silent had been
+      Jackson's advance. The battle was over. The musketry had ceased its
+      rattle, and darkness had fallen, lit only by the red blaze which enwrapped
+      the Confederate and Union wounded, without mercy. Some of them had tried
+      to crawl away from the consuming fire, which played about them, and licked
+      up leaves and underbrush, and now and then, as a gust of wind arose,
+      sending the burning brands into the treetops to start a new conflagration.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The heat burned into their wounds, and as the shrieks of those who could
+      not drag themselves away rose on the air, it seemed as if demons were
+      calling to each other, so madly did they shout for help and mercy from the
+      pitiless wall of fire.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Men were caught as if in a network, and held prisoners indeed. Choking
+      with the smoke, blinded by the sparks whirling in every direction, there
+      seemed no hope or chance for rescue.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[298]</span><a name="link298" id="link298"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0207" id="linkimage-0207"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0307m.jpg" alt="0307m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0307.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Here <span class="pagenum">[299]</span><a name="link299" id="link299"></a>a
+      dead man's face, caught by the flames, was scorched and disfigured so that
+      his dearest friend could not have recognized him. Near him lay a living
+      soldier with bloodshot eyes and aching wounds, terror written on his
+      features&mdash;terror born, not from the fortunes of battle, not of the
+      foe whom he has met face to face, but terror of the black night' the
+      loneliness, the awful thought that the dead are all around him, a somber
+      scene lit up by the fire that seizes some helpless one, never releasing
+      him until he has lost the semblance of a man, and is only a charred
+      fragment.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      That night was a fearful reality to many. Its horrors can never be told,
+      for those best able to repeat the story, perished where they lay. Details
+      were sent out by the Federals after Jackson's advance had been checked, to
+      save the victims in the burning forest, and heroically they worked, but
+      alas, they could not reach half of the wounded.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At the foot of an oak whose lofty head towered above the scene, two
+      soldiers fought valiantly for life. They were no longer arrayed against
+      each other, but against their mutual enemy, the fire-fiend. One wore the
+      blue, the other the gray. Both had gaping wounds, but their peril was the
+      same, and as they struggled to their feet, weak from loss of blood, the
+      bitterness died out of their hearts. They were once more friends,
+      comrades, and together they labored to stamp out the destroyer. Their
+      breath came quick and short, their voices sank to a whisper, but shoulder
+      to shoulder as of old, they met as brothers&mdash;and nobly they battled
+      with the flames, now smothering a burst of fire, now cheering each other
+      with brave words, until, slowly and painfully they advanced, step by step,
+      to a spot where the cool ground received them, as they fell, fainting,
+      almost dying, where they were found by the boys who were sent to rescue,
+      and whose work had been that of heroes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And when, once more they struggled back to life, hand met hand in a
+      friendly grasp, and heart beat joyously to heart, as they thanked their
+      heavenly Father that they were saved from a fiery furnace.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0032" id="link2H_4_0032"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      A BOOTBLACK OF TENNESSEE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0208" id="linkimage-0208"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9309.jpg" alt="9309 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9309.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      RELY <span class="pagenum">[300]</span><a name="link300" id="link300"></a>Percy
+      was a product of the war&mdash;one of those stray &ldquo;chilluns&rdquo; who drifted
+      into camp with the refugees who were constantly coming under Uncle Sam's
+      paternal care.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was but a short time before he drifted out again and into our home. We
+      (Allie and I) were in search of a boy &ldquo;to run errands,&rdquo; and do odd jobs
+      about the house, and this particular boy was sent to me by one of our
+      soldier friends. When we saw his mirthful face (he had a perpetual grin)
+      we thought he'd do very nicely for us. It was quite the fashion for boys
+      to work in families in Memphis, washing dishes, preparing vegetables, and
+      kindred labors, and though at first our Northern ideas were rudely
+      disturbed by that fact, we soon became used to it, and enjoyed having a
+      boy for such work. Indeed, it was rather a relief to Allie, for, as she
+      said, if she hired a girl of the same age she would be in a measure
+      responsible for her manners, and she would have to instruct her in the
+      care of her wardrobe; but with a boy no such difficulties presented
+      themselves. Like too many white boys of good families, it was supposed a
+      boy could knock around and shift for himself; in other words he did not
+      need any particular care, beyond providing him with enough to eat, drink
+      and wear.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The boy informed us when he came to us that his name was Percy. Allie
+      suggested that it would be much more ready to call him Jim or Sam. In an
+      instant his family pride was up in arms.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[301]</span><a name="link301" id="link301"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0209" id="linkimage-0209"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0310m.jpg" alt="0310m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0310.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;'Scuse <span class="pagenum">[302]</span><a name="link302" id="link302"></a>me,
+      Missie, but I cahnt go back on my raising dat ar way. It wud be slighting
+      my marsa's family. Percy it is, and I cahnt see my way clar to answer to
+      no oder name.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      We afterward learned that his name was Jerry, and that he had fallen
+      deeply in love with the name Percy, it belonging to a colonel in the
+      Southern army who used to visit at his master's house, and so he had
+      appropriated it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But Percy it remained, and if it was rather incongruous to see the
+      high-born Percy scrubbing the kitchen floor or delving into the garbage
+      box in search of a silver fork or spoon that he had thrown in with the
+      remains of a meal, it couldn't be helped.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He had some odd ways about him, that rather startled Allie. He believed in
+      Voodooism and when one day he informed her in a stage whisper that a very
+      elegant old lady who called often, but who had lost one eye through some
+      misfortune, was a witch, and was trying to &ldquo;spell&rdquo; him, she promptly
+      ordered him out of the house till he could learn to keep his thoughts to
+      himself. He despised winter, and one morning when he woke up and saw a
+      light snowfall that had come down the night before, he expressed himself
+      thus&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Now, Missie, that's what you uns calls pretty. I jess tinks it's de debil
+      whispering bad tings to de earth, and she's ashamed of 'em, and cobers up
+      her face.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      He never could be made to understand why certain articles in the china
+      closet should have certain places. As for instance the closet in our house
+      had shelves way down to the floor and he insisted on placing the
+      silverware on the lowest shelf and then stepping into it. He had been
+      talked to and threatened with punishment, and every time he'd promise to
+      do better. One morning as usual the spoons, knives, etc., were found in
+      the old place, and the look of perfect astonishment on his face would have
+      immortalized a painter could he have caught it, as he threw up his hands
+      and rolling up his eyes, said in the most tragic manner:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;I clar to goodness, Missie, I neber know how dey cum dar&mdash;dey must
+      have walked down all by demselves!&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      He <span class="pagenum">[303]</span><a name="link303" id="link303"></a>went
+      to market every day with his mistress, to show her how to select, as he
+      confidentially informed his companions&mdash;-&ldquo;Yer see she's only a chile,
+      not far frum my age (he was sixteen, she was nineteen) and isn't
+      'sperienced in de tricks of dem ar market folks, so I goes along and helps
+      her.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      We had been teasing for a dish of roast goose for a long time, so Percy
+      and his mistress started just after breakfast and made a tour of the
+      stalls. She selected a huge, but plump-looking white fowl, whose snowy
+      feathers attracted her attention. She was quite ready to accept Percy's
+      assurance that &ldquo;dat ar fowl will make seberal good meals.&rdquo; The bird was
+      purchased, and Percy slung it over his shoulder, while it squawked most
+      horribly as mistress and boy went down the length of the market, greeted
+      at every step by the grinning colored folks, who wished them &ldquo;good luck
+      wid dat ar young bird!&rdquo; while some were anxious to know &ldquo;whar yo' get dat
+      snow bird, honey?&rdquo; accompanied with many fervent hopes that it would &ldquo;eat
+      like cream.&rdquo; When the fowl reached the home of Percy's mistress, she
+      nearly died with chagrin to find that what she preferred for its snowy
+      plumage, thinking it an evidence of youth and beauty, proved to be a
+      gander whose tough old skin Charlie assured her no amount of heat could
+      penetrate. So when she slyly opened the gate, and bade him wander forth,
+      he did so without delay.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Percy pretended much sympathy for her discomfiture, but she lost faith in
+      all humanity after the goose episode, and deputed the marketing to her
+      brother and the boy, who kindly relieved her.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But Percy was not entirely a trifler, as a few weeks after proved. One
+      night when all were sleeping and the night was full of beauty, a little
+      flame, so fine it was scarce observable, shot up into the room where the
+      master and mistress reposed. It grew larger, as it danced across the
+      floor, and curled up over the windows, drawn by the night breeze that
+      played there. Now it seized the curtains of the bed, and still they knew
+      nothing of the danger. And now the flames burst forth, lighting up the
+      whole room, A feeling of suffocation, a frightened cry, and they awake,
+      <span class="pagenum">[304]</span><a name="link304" id="link304"></a>but
+      the smoke is thick and lurid, they are blinded and dazed. Where is the
+      window&mdash;how can they find the door? They are silent from fear, while
+      the flames leap nearer and nearer.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Ise here&mdash;doncher be feared! Percy's here to sabe you bof,&rdquo; and in
+      the boy springs, and seizing Allie by the arm, he calls to her husband to
+      follow close after him. He dashes to the window; he steps upon a ladder,
+      and half-carrying her down, he shouts words of cheer to Charlie, who waits
+      till they have reached the ground, when he takes to the ladder, and
+      follows in safety.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Looking up, they see the room one mass of fire, and they know that they
+      owe their lives to the watchful care of the black boy who had been only
+      the subject for mirth and ridicule in their little home.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They were grieved indeed, when, a week later he came to the friend's house
+      where they had found shelter, and after much scraping and bowing, he told
+      them he wanted to &ldquo;gage in anoder business&mdash;shining gemmen's shoes.&rdquo;
+       They tried to persuade him that it was a precarious occupation, and rather
+      uncertain of returns, but there was an independence about it that Percy
+      craved. So they had to bid the boy good-bye, but the generous donation
+      which Charlie and Harry gave him to &ldquo;set him up in business,&rdquo; made his
+      eyes shine and his teeth glisten, as he &ldquo;fanked dem, and wished 'em luck.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0210" id="linkimage-0210"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0313m.jpg" alt="0313m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0313.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0033" id="link2H_4_0033"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CONFEDERATE CEMETERIES
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0211" id="linkimage-0211"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9314.jpg" alt="9314 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9314.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      ANY <span class="pagenum">[305]</span><a name="link305" id="link305"></a>are
+      the monuments that have been erected in Richmond, Virginia, through the
+      liberality of her citizens. That city has paid particular attention to her
+      brave boys who fell in battle, and her cemeteries are very beautifully
+      laid out. The word cemetery is from the Greek, and means a
+      &ldquo;sleeping-place.&rdquo; There, indeed, do those who laid down their lives sleep
+      in peace, and it is the pride and pleasure of the living to beautify their
+      last home. National cemeteries were first provided for by our government
+      on July 17, 1862, and the noble provision has been carried out in all the
+      States, both North and South.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Oakwood cemetery, Richmond, contains 16,000 dead Confederate soldiers.
+      Libby Hill has a towering granite column, of great beauty, dedicated to
+      all the soldier and sailor dead of the Confederacy&mdash;a beautiful
+      memorial.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The cemetery of Hollywood is particularly distinguished for being the
+      resting-places of Generals Stuart, Pickett, and Maury. Each grave has a
+      tasty monument erected over it to tell who slumbers beneath. This cemetery
+      has ninety-five acres, and was established in 1847. There are 12,000
+      Confederate soldiers in this picturesque burying-ground, and a granite
+      pyramid has been raised to their memory.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All <span class="pagenum">[306]</span><a name="link306" id="link306"></a>civilizations
+      have respected and cared for their dead. Even the Indian decorates the
+      graves of his people, and watches that they may lie undisturbed. He places
+      the weapons of the chase in the grave that they may take them to the Happy
+      Hunting Ground with them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While Richmond has several cemeteries wherein her soldiers lie, it is
+      noticeable for the statues of her heroes also. General William C.
+      Wickham's statue adorns Monroe Park. One of the finest streets, Franklin,
+      has a statue of General Robert E. Lee and General A. P. Hill, General
+      &ldquo;Jeb&rdquo; Stuart, and President Jefferson Davis are also remembered.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the eighty-three National cemeteries established by the United States,
+      and containing 330,700 soldiers, 9,438 wore the gray.
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      &ldquo;There is a tear for all that die,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      A mourner o'er the humblest grave;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      But nations swell the funeral cry
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      And freedom weeps above the brave.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0212" id="linkimage-0212"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9316m.jpg" alt="9316m " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9316.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      In the cemetery at Beaufort, South Carolina, all feelings of distinction
+      are swept away, and yearly, on Memorial Day, the noble-hearted women of
+      that town direct their steps toward the graves and place flowers upon all&mdash;those
+      who wore the blue and those who wore the gray, alike appealing to their
+      womanly sympathy, and sharing alike their tender care.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On October 23, 1866, a fine and spacious cemetery was dedicated at
+      Winchester, Virginia, with most imposing ceremonies. This abode of the
+      dead is known as the Stonewall Jackson cemetery, in honor of that brave
+      and true-hearted soldier.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_PART" id="link2H_PART"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      PART II. UNDER BOTH FLAGS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0213" id="linkimage-0213"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9316.jpg" alt="9316 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9316.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      NUMBER <span class="pagenum">[307]</span><a name="link307" id="link307"></a>of
+      years have gone by since the scenes told of in the first part of our book
+      were enacted by the boy, whose interest has never wavered, and whose heart
+      is as young as it was in that day. The scars of battle are tenderly
+      smoothed away by the softening touch of time, and the blue and the gray
+      are no more arrayed against each other, but stand shoulder to shoulder,
+      eager to draw the sword, if need be, in defence of their beloved land and
+      her institutions. The grassy mound and towering monument each tells its
+      tale of the heroes who slumber beneath, and who are alike worthy of
+      unstinted praise.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our late war with a foreign power has proven the loyalty of Americans in
+      every corner of our republic, and how earnestly the men of those days,
+      from North and South, have come forward to fight the battles of their
+      country&mdash;one, forevermore. Valuable services have been rendered by
+      many of those who were the leaders of those days, in that sad conflict,
+      and whose names have ever been renowned for courage, earnestness and
+      bravery.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We are, as a nation, making history fast, and in a book written <span
+      class="pagenum">[308]</span><a name="link308" id="link308"></a>for young
+      people, it seemed proper to give them a few brief sketches of those whose
+      names were prominently identified with the war of 1861. The boy who told
+      his simple story is no longer a boy, but his pride and rejoicing are as
+      hearty as if the &ldquo;dew of youth&rdquo; sat upon him yet, and in reviewing the
+      lives of those who can truly be called great, and gone to their final
+      reward, one of the first whose claims are strong.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0035" id="link2H_4_0035"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      ULYSSES S. GRANT.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      General Grant's career was so extraordinarily brilliant, and was
+      compressed into so short a time that it stands almost alone as one of the
+      most astonishing succession of events.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His birthplace was Point Pleasant, Ohio. Here on the 27th of April, 1822,
+      the future general was born. When he was but a year old his parents moved
+      to Georgetown, where he grew into a sturdy, quiet lad, showing no
+      particular smartness any more than the average boy. Indeed, he was rather
+      dull, learning rather slowly, and with difficulty. There were no free
+      schools when he was a boy. These institutions were supported by
+      subscription, and one teacher had charge of all the pupils&mdash;from the
+      primer class to the big boy or girl of eighteen.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      General Grant never saw an algebra nor any mathematical work until he went
+      to West Point. He had a great fondness for horses, and was never so happy
+      as when he could be with them. He was an excellent judge of them. When he
+      was but seven he drove his father's horses, hauling all the wood used in
+      the house and shops. When he was fifteen he made a horse trade with a Mr.
+      Payne, at Flat Rock, Kentucky, where he was visiting. The brother of this
+      gentleman was to accompany young Grant back to Georgetown. The boy was
+      told that the horse had never had a collar on (it was a saddle horse), but
+      he hitched it up, and started to drive the seventy miles with a strange
+      animal. The horse ran and kicked, and made the companion horse frightened,
+      and Ulysses stopped them right on the edge of an embankment twenty <span
+      class="pagenum">[309]</span><a name="link309" id="link309"></a>feet deep.
+      Every time he would start, the new horse would kick and run, until Mr.
+      Payne, who was thoroughly frightened, would not proceed any further in his
+      company, but took passage in a freight wagon. The boy was left alone, but
+      with that faculty for surmounting difficulties which distinguished him in
+      after life, a happy thought struck him&mdash;he took out his bandana, a
+      huge handkerchief much used then, and blindfolded the creature, driving
+      him quietly to the house of his uncle in Maysville, where he borrowed
+      another horse.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0214" id="linkimage-0214"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9318.jpg" alt="9318 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9318.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      A laughable incident occurred when he was eight. He saw a colt which he
+      very much coveted, and for which the owner demanded $25. General Grant's
+      father said he would give $20. The boy was so anxious to possess the colt
+      that his father yielded, giving him instructions how to make the bargain.
+      Going to the owner the boy said: &ldquo;Papa says I may offer you $20 for the
+      colt, but if you won't take that I am to offer $22.50, and if you won't
+      take that, to give you $25.&rdquo; It is needless to say what he had to pay for
+      the colt.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The elder Grant was not poor in the usual sense of the term&mdash;on the
+      contrary, he was quite well situated for the time and place.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Ulysses was sent to West Point at seventeen; he was quite apt in
+      mathematics, but had no love for military tactics, and resolved <span
+      class="pagenum">[310]</span><a name="link310" id="link310"></a>not to stay
+      in the army, even if he graduated. He was not brilliant in his class here,
+      either&mdash;he says himself that had &ldquo;the class been turned the other end
+      foremost, I should have been near the head.&rdquo; He graduated four years after
+      his entrance, No. 21 in a class of thirty-nine.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0215" id="linkimage-0215"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9319.jpg" alt="9319 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9319.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      It was feared at that time that he had the consumption, for he had a bad
+      cough, but his outdoor life entirely removed it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His real name was Hiram Ulysses Grant, but some one made a blunder in
+      making out the document appointing him a cadet, and as U. S. Grant he will
+      be known always.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On graduation he was breveted Second Lieutenant of Infantry, and placed in
+      the Fourth Regiment, which was sent to the frontier. But two years went
+      by, ere he was sent to Texas to join General Taylor's army, and here he
+      became a full lieutenant. He was made quartermaster of his regiment early
+      in 1847, after showing great valor in the battles of Palo Alto, Resaca,
+      Monterey, and the siege of Vera Cruz. He participated in all of the
+      engagements, and was promoted on the field of Molino del Rey for his
+      bravery. A few days after an exhibition of the same quality won him
+      special notice and praise from his brigade commander.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When <span class="pagenum">[311]</span><a name="link311" id="link311"></a>the
+      Mexican War was over, he was stationed at: Sackett's Harbor, New York. He
+      had long been attached to Miss Julia Dent, the sister of one of his
+      classmates, and August 22, 1848, she became his wife.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0216" id="linkimage-0216"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0320m.jpg" alt="0320m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0320.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Four years later he went with his regiment to California and Oregon, where
+      he became captain. The summer of 1854 saw, apparently, an end to his
+      military career, for he resigned his commission and tried to work a small
+      farm near St. Louis, and attend to real estate in the city. He was <span
+      class="pagenum">[312]</span><a name="link312" id="link312"></a>not
+      intended for either vocation. Greater things were in store for him, and,
+      disheartened at his poor success, he went to work for his father, as clerk
+      in his store&mdash;the leather trade, in Galena, Illinois.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At the first sound of war he offered his services to the government, and
+      marched to Springfield at the head of a company. Governor Yates placed him
+      on his staff, and made him mustering officer of all the volunteers from
+      Illinois, but in June he was made colonel of the Twenty-first Regiment,
+      which he had organized and drilled himself. Needing cars to transport it
+      to a distant point, he was told they could not be furnished. So little a
+      matter as that did not annoy him, but with that directness and energy
+      which always marked his movements, he astonished the authorities by
+      marching the entire regiment to the desired place.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In August he was promoted, becoming brigadier-general, and assuming
+      command of all troops at Cairo. From this hour his successes were great,
+      and have become matters of history. He was the idol of the army, and the
+      surprise of the country, which gave him the popular name which seems to
+      fit him so well&mdash;Unconditional Surrender Grant.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After the siege of Vicksburg and the defeat of General Bragg, it became
+      plain to the government that one great mind should control all the forces,
+      and General Grant was declared commander of the entire armies of the
+      Union, early in 1864.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was then that President Lincoln and General Grant met for the first
+      time&mdash;a meeting between two great men. The commission of full general
+      was bestowed upon Grant in July, 1866, this title being created especially
+      for him. From August, 1867, to January, 1868, he was really Secretary of
+      War, on account of the trouble between President Johnson and Secretary
+      Stanton. He received the nomination for President, in May, 1868, at the
+      hands of the Republican convention which met in Chicago, and was elected
+      by an overwhelming majority. He was reelected to a second term and at its
+      close he made a tour of the world, with his wife. He was received with
+      unbounded enthusiasm everywhere.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In 1881 he <span class="pagenum">[313]</span><a name="link313" id="link313"></a>bought
+      a house in New York City, which he made a home in the fullest sense, for
+      his family and himself. On Christmas Eve, 1883, he slipped on the
+      sidewalk, and injured himself so badly that he had to use crutches ever
+      after. Becoming partner in a banking house, he was robbed of all he had by
+      his associates in business and had to turn his attention to literary work,
+      furnishing the <i>Century</i> with some articles. Being solicited to give
+      his experiences, he wrote his &ldquo;Memoirs,&rdquo; which he indited while suffering
+      great anguish, and which he finished four days before his death. His wife
+      received for the two volumes from his pen $400,000 as royalty.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The hero of many battles, the grand soldier, was doomed. In 1884 a trouble
+      in his throat developed into a cancer, and for nearly a year he endured
+      intense agony, never murmuring, but working on, that he might place those
+      he so dearly loved beyond want.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On July 23, 1885, he died, in a cottage at Mt. McGregor, near Saratoga,
+      New York&mdash;a man whom the world is better for having known.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0036" id="link2H_4_0036"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      JAMES ABRAM GARFIELD.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      Few boys have risen from such humble surroundings to the highest gift of a
+      great nation, as did the twentieth President of the United States, James
+      A. Garfield. His boyhood's home was a simple cabin in the woods of Ohio,
+      unbroken save by the few settlers who hewed the trees and made a clearing
+      for a home. His father was one of these pioneers, and the future President
+      of our great Republic was a genuine farmer's boy, and knew how to do all
+      the hard work upon a farm. He chopped wood, and helped care for the few
+      acres they called their farm. They did not live in luxury, for they had no
+      means to squander. Living on the plainest fare, wild game and corn, or
+      wheat cracked or pounded in a mortar, performing the hardest labor, the
+      boy's strength grew, until he became a hardy, robust lad, the pride of his
+      beloved parents.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[314]</span><a name="link314" id="link314"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0217" id="linkimage-0217"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0323m.jpg" alt="0323m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0323.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      He <span class="pagenum">[315]</span><a name="link315" id="link315"></a>never
+      had much schooling, as it was only three months each winter that his
+      parents could send him to the district school, but most excellent use he
+      made of his scant opportunities. At fourteen he was apprenticed to a
+      carpenter, and three years later he worked on the canal. When he was a
+      mere lad, he longed to be a sailor, but he fell sick, and after that he
+      never seemed to long for the sea.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0218" id="linkimage-0218"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9324.jpg" alt="9324 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9324.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The little village of Orange, Ohio, where he was born on the nineteenth of
+      November, 1831, was soon to see him no more as a resident, for in March,
+      1849, he left home and entered Geauga Seminary at Chester, and soon was
+      fitted to teach a district school. But he had to work at his trade (the
+      carpenter's) to help pay his way, his mother not being able to assist him,
+      save by a loan of $17.00 which she furnished him the first term that he
+      was there. Every morning and evening, and Saturdays, as well as his entire
+      summer vacation, he spent in labor at the bench. The next three years he
+      passed in the Eclectic Institute at Hiram, and here his finances still
+      continuing low, he willingly acted as student and janitor, and afterward
+      as student and teacher. He was unable to earn enough to pay for his
+      tuition at William's College, and although he practised the closest
+      economy, when he graduated he owed that institution $500, a debt which he
+      afterward faithfully discharged.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He accepted the Professorship of Ancient Languages and Literature in Hiram
+      College, at twenty-six becoming its president, which he continued to be
+      until he entered the army in 1861.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In 1858 he married Lucretia Rudolph, who was a teacher, and a very
+      cultivated woman, who proved a valuable companion in his literary career.
+      He had studied law while President of the college, and was admitted to
+      practice in the Supreme Court cf the United States in 1866.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His <span class="pagenum">[316]</span><a name="link316" id="link316"></a>military
+      services were large and valuable. He was an authority upon American
+      finances. He held many important positions and was honored by all his
+      colleagues. He was made an honorary member of the celebrated Cobden Club
+      of England.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0219" id="linkimage-0219"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0325m.jpg" alt="0325m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0325.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      He made many able speeches in Congress, and was elected to the
+      Thirty-eighth Congress in 1863, and reelected successively <span
+      class="pagenum">[317]</span><a name="link317" id="link317"></a>to the
+      Thirty-ninth, Fortieth, Forty-first, Forty-second, Forty-third,
+      Forty-fourth, Forty-fifth and Forty-sixth Congresses.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The year 1880 was an important one to James A. Garfield, for in January he
+      was elected by the Ohio Legislature Senator for the term beginning March
+      4, 1881, to succeed Allen G. Thurman. But on the 8th of June a still
+      greater honor was shown him by the Chicago convention, which nominated him
+      for president, and the November election showed him to be the choice of
+      the people.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His public life was destined to be a short one, for on the morning of July
+      2, 1881, with bright expectations of a pleasant trip to New York and the
+      White Mountains with his wife and several members of the Cabinet, he
+      started from the White House for the Baltimore and Potomac station. As
+      Secretary Blaine and he entered the station, arm in arm, they passed
+      through the ladies' waiting-room. As they walked briskly on, two pistol
+      shots were fired in quick succession, one of which took effect in the
+      President's back. He sank to the floor, but was conscious. Dr. Bliss was
+      summoned, and took charge of the case, but he named three other surgeons
+      as assistants. Later two very celebrated physicians were added to the list
+      of medical advisers. Their united opinion was that the ball had grazed the
+      liver, and lodged in the front wall of the abdomen, but that it was not
+      necessarily fatal. Still they did not deem it wise to extract it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The assassin who struck down a good man, was Charles J. Guiteau, a crazy,
+      disappointed office-seeker. After suffering for weeks, and fluctuating
+      between hope of recovery and unfavorable symptoms, he died at Elberon
+      Park, New Jersey, whither he had been removed on the 19th of September,
+      1881.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His life, with its early struggles, is a lesson to the boys of this age,
+      to show them what great possibilities are within the reach of an American
+      citizen.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0037" id="link2H_4_0037"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      EVENTS FOLLOWING THE CIVIL WAR.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0038" id="link2H_4_0038"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      THE ATLANTIC CABLE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0220" id="linkimage-0220"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9327.jpg" alt="9327 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9327.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      ARLY <span class="pagenum">[318]</span><a name="link318" id="link318"></a>in
+      October, 1851, the first effort at laying a cable for a submarine
+      telegraph was begun by the United States brig Dolphin, which carried a
+      line of soundings across the Atlantic. At that time there were but
+      eighty-seven nautical miles of submarine cable laid, while now there are
+      nearly 200,000 statute miles. Some of these cables merely connect islands
+      with the main shore, others are thousands of miles long. A cable is laid
+      so far below the surface that neither storms, tides or currents can
+      disturb it. But the ends touching the shore are made much stronger and
+      heavier, so that the waves will not impair them, and in some cases, near
+      landings, they are heavily weighted to keep them in place&mdash;a thing it
+      is not necessary to do in deep water.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In 1854 Cyrus W. Field obtained a charter for laying a cable, and when the
+      first attempt was made at Kerry, Ireland, in 1857, the occasion was made a
+      very brilliant affair. It was honored by the presence of a vast squadron
+      of British and American ships of war. Representatives of many nations were
+      there, as well as the directors of the Atlantic Telegraph Company, and
+      most of the magnates of the English railroads. It was a momentous
+      undertaking, but after laying 335 miles of cable, and causing the heart of
+      its projectors to beat high with hope, <span class="pagenum">[319]</span><a
+      name="link319" id="link319"></a>the strands suddenly parted, and their
+      hopes were crushed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The next year another expedition was commenced, which ended in a similar
+      failure. But nothing could dampen the ardor of its friends, and on the
+      16th of August of the same year another cable was successfully laid, and
+      on the 17th Queen Victoria sent the President of the United States
+      congratulations upon the successful termination of this great
+      international work, to which Mr. Buchanan returned the courteous wish that
+      the cable might &ldquo;prove to be a bond of perpetual peace and friendship
+      between the kindred nations.&rdquo; The two continents held great rejoicings,
+      but disappointment was again their portion, for about the 1st of September
+      the cable throbbed no more.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In 1865 a further attempt was made, and after 1,200 miles had been laid,
+      the cable broke again. So grand an undertaking was not to be given up
+      lightly. Mr. Field's perseverance was unconquerable. A strong, flexible
+      cable was shipped on board the &ldquo;Great Eastern,&rdquo; and on the 13th of July,
+      1866, this gigantic boat started from Valentia, Ireland, and two weeks
+      later it &ldquo;glided calmly into Heart's Content, Newfoundland, dropping her
+      anchor in front of the telegraph house, having trailed behind her a chain
+      of 2,000 miles, to bind the Old World to the New.&rdquo; It then went back to
+      the mid-Atlantic, grappled the end of the broken cable of 1865, a splice
+      was made, and the line was continued to Newfoundland by the side of the
+      other. These lines have never failed to work. The cable having thus become
+      a fact, the world was astonished and gratified. Mr. Field had worked
+      heroically, and by our own land, by England and by France he was
+      enthusiastically praised. The first message which passed over this line
+      was a worthy one&mdash;the announcement of the treaty of peace between
+      Prussia and Austria.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The charges for telegraphing were formerly very high, twenty pounds for a
+      short message being asked, but as rival companies began to spring up,
+      competition reduced the price considerably.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Marine cables have multiplied so fast that where there was originally but
+      one or two, there are now eight, owned and operated <span class="pagenum">[320]</span><a
+      name="link320" id="link320"></a>at a vast benefit to the entire world with
+      which we are in communication. The events occurring in the most distant
+      climes are brought to our doors through this medium so perfect is the
+      system. Cyrus W. Field received a gold medal from Congress in recognition
+      of his services, and the gratitude of the world, as well.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0039" id="link2H_4_0039"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      ALASKA
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">F</span>ew can realize the
+      magnitude of this far Northwest territory. To most boys and girls it seems
+      a cold, barren, desolate country, a perpetual scene of ice-bound rivers
+      and frost and snow the whole year round, with nothing growing. When
+      Secretary Seward accomplished the purchase of this vast tract of land from
+      Russia, he showed great wisdom and foresight. No wonder that, in view of
+      its immense size and valuable resources, he declared the conclusion of
+      this affair the crowning triumph of his life.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0221" id="linkimage-0221"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9329.jpg" alt="9329 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9329.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Russia had been anxious to sell for a long time, but many feared that she
+      had drained all the value from the territory, and wanted to get rid of it.
+      There was bitter opposition in the United States to the plan of buying
+      what every one considered would prove but &ldquo;a field of ice and a sea of
+      mountains.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      We want to tell the young folks how great a mistake these sort of
+      reasoners labored under, and how we came to be the fortunate buyers of
+      this vast stretch of land.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Many years ago a party of American explorers conceived the idea of
+      establishing a telegraph between our country and Asia, and they went to
+      Alaska for this purpose. Fancy their surprise when they saw what they had
+      supposed was a desert waste, producing the largest pine and cedar trees in
+      the whole world, and the most extensive seal-fisheries, with here and
+      there a town, with <span class="pagenum">[321]</span><a name="link321"      id="link321"></a>its churches and buildings. They at once saw how rich it
+      was in natural advantages, and they became very anxious that our
+      government should confer with Russia as to its purchase. They presented
+      good reasons for this desire to Congress, and Secretary Seward saw at once
+      what an acquisition it would be to us, in many ways. So in March, 1867,
+      the treaty between our country and Russia looking to its sale was
+      ratified. It had at that time a native population of 60,000, and since we
+      have come into possession of it, the United States Commissioner of
+      Education has started schools and appointed teachers to care for the
+      education of the young. There are now twenty-four of these schools in the
+      different settlements, two of them in Sitka and a manual training school
+      has been organized here also, where they receive instruction in the
+      various trades. This school must be very popular, for it has a large
+      attendance for a small city like Sitka, it numbering over 200 pupils on
+      its list.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The chief city, or capital, is Sitka, very romantically situated on the
+      shore, while high mountains rise behind it, forming a beautiful background
+      for the streets and dwellings. It is an old-fashioned, quiet place, when
+      compared with bustling American towns, but it boasts a lively weekly
+      paper, and the Russo-Greek church has a good edifice there, showing that
+      the religious education of its people has not been forgotten. The harbor
+      is very beautiful, being deep, and affording safe shelter for vessels.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The purchase of this territory has extended our northern boundary from the
+      49th to the 71st parallel, and added to our growth westward by sixty
+      degrees of longitude. It can boast of the highest mountain in America, Mt.
+      St. Elias, which rises 14,000 feet above the sea. The magnificent Yukon
+      river runs through the territory, and steamers of light draft can sail on
+      its waters for 1,500 miles. We have gained 600,000 square miles, and this
+      vast area really cost our government the trifling sum of two cents an
+      acre, the sum paid Russia being $7,200,000. It would require thirteen of
+      our States to equal its extent. As a writer jovially remarked, &ldquo;It is a
+      gilt-edged real estate investment.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The <span class="pagenum">[322]</span><a name="link322" id="link322"></a>climate
+      is quite endurable. The winters in the northern portion are excessively
+      severe, but on the southwest coast it is warmer at that season than either
+      Maine or Dakota.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The salmon are very plentiful, as well as mackerel, cod and herring. The
+      streams are full of them. The salmon rival those of the Columbia and
+      Fraser rivers, and immense canneries are daily in operation in the summer,
+      preparing them for the markets of the world. The Chinese do this work
+      principally, and they are brought up from San Francisco for this purpose
+      and taken back there in the Fall. Fish are mostly caught in fish traps and
+      nets, but the natives spear them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The largest stamp-mill on this continent for reducing gold-bearing quartz
+      is in operation near the town of Juneau.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Agriculture does not flourish on account of the shortness of the summers.
+      Gardening on a small scale goes on, and plenty can be raised for home use.
+      The region so long remaining almost unknown, has suddenly become the
+      desired bourne for men and women of all classes. It has always been known
+      that its mineral resources were fine, and gold has been found there in
+      small quantities, but the hardships endured in getting it from the soil
+      were too great in proportion to the amount, but a new impetus to the
+      labors of the gold seeker has been given by the discovery of the precious
+      metal in such large quantities that thousands have rushed to this field
+      eager to dig for the yellow ore. Steamers are leaving Pacific ports
+      weekly, laden with those who are willing to brave the terrors of the
+      Chilkoot Pass. If the tales are true, it is surely a land of' untold
+      riches, as the entire region is gold-bearing, and for some years to come,
+      that metal will be found by some, in paying quantities. One authority, Dr.
+      Becker, states that the beach sand all along the Alaskan coast contains
+      enormous quantities of gold. But even though there was not an ounce of it
+      in the whole territory, Alaska has paid back to our commerce its price
+      several times over.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0040" id="link2H_4_0040"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">T</span>he <span
+      class="pagenum">[323]</span><a name="link323" id="link323"></a>United
+      States, now in the midst of prosperity concluded to hold one of the most
+      notable fairs any land has ever enjoyed. The first one was held in
+      commemoration of the one hundredth birthday of our nation, and was
+      projected on broad lines, and carried out in the same manner. It was
+      opened May 10, 1876, and continued 159 days. It was a general invitation
+      to all the world to bring their productions to our shores for admiration
+      and instruction, and caused a unity and sympathy between the severed parts
+      of our country such as no other event could have succeeded in doing.
+      People flocked to Philadelphia from every land, and the North and South
+      met in a friendly rivalry as to which section should be most fully
+      represented. Over 61,000 visitors attended each day of the Fair, and at
+      the close of the Fair the receipts were, in admissions, concessions and
+      royalties, in round numbers, $4,307,749.75.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0222" id="linkimage-0222"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0332m.jpg" alt="0332m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0332.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      It had been the desire of many patriotic people for ten years to make a
+      showing of our resources, and to invite, as it were, the whole world to
+      see us at home. The hope had never met with favor, but by repeated
+      representations as to the importance of the idea, the people of the United
+      States were at last <span class="pagenum">[324]</span><a name="link324"      id="link324"></a>aroused, and worked so faithfully and rapidly to carry it
+      out, as to surprise the world.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      President Grant, on behalf of the United States, asked the nations to take
+      part in our rejoicing, and they responded promptly, by sending
+      commissioners to attend to the details. Congress appropriated large sums,
+      and all the States entered into the undertaking with hearty good-will.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      City governments and private individuals also contributed freely. A site
+      was chosen, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, one of the most charming
+      locations which could have been found. Five large buildings were
+      constructed, covering an area of twenty acres.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Each State erected a building, as did many foreign nations, within which
+      to exhibit the products and manufactures of that particular State.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The exposition was opened by President Grant, with Dom Pedro, Emperor of
+      Brazil, and his empress, by his side. Theodore Thomas' orchestra furnished
+      the music, playing eighteen airs at the opening, the last of which, Hail
+      Columbia, met with tumultuous applause. A cantata came next, a prayer by
+      Bishop Simpson, and a hymn followed written by Whittier, the Quaker poet.
+      General Hawley presented the buildings and their contents to the
+      President, who accepted them in a few words, announcing that the
+      exhibition was open. The two ponderous Corliss engines which were to put
+      the whole machinery going, were set in motion by the President and the
+      Emperor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The exhibition was formally closed November 10, 1876, after a season of
+      unexampled prosperity, in the simplest manner. Addresses were made by
+      General Hawley and several others, the entire audience sang &ldquo;America,&rdquo; and
+      President Grant declared the International Exhibition closed. But it had
+      taught foreign powers a lesson of respect for our republic, and caused
+      wider intercourse between the Old World and the New.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0041" id="link2H_4_0041"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      EDISON, THE GENIUS OF THE AGE.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">T</span>o-day the old
+      system of illumination is giving way to the splendors of electric glow.
+      With man's progress came the much needed <span class="pagenum">[325]</span><a
+      name="link325" id="link325"></a>question of artificial light.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0223" id="linkimage-0223"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0334m.jpg" alt="0334m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0334.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Electric lights not only adorn the streets of our cities, but grace our
+      parlors, furnishing a stronger, a cleaner and more healthful light than
+      any other known. <span class="pagenum">[326]</span><a name="link326"      id="link326"></a>To Thomas A. Edison, who was born in Milan, Ohio, in
+      1847, belongs the glory of bringing electricity for lighting purposes to a
+      successful basis.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0224" id="linkimage-0224"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0335m.jpg" alt="0335m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0335.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Other scientists before him had experimented, <span class="pagenum">[327]</span><a
+      name="link327" id="link327"></a>but to Edison remained the work of
+      removing the final difficulties. Electricity is to-day furnishing the
+      motive power for street cars, railroads, engines, etc., and it is
+      predicted that before the dawn of a new century more wonderful still will
+      be the achievements of this untutored and remarkable man.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With no less possibilities in scientific research comes the Kinetoscope,
+      his latest invention, which by a thousand instantaneous pictures one is
+      enabled to see the lifelike motions of &ldquo;a child at play,&rdquo; &ldquo;a distant
+      battle,&rdquo; or the varied scenes of a &ldquo;County Fair.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0042" id="link2H_4_0042"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHICAGO FIRE.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">T</span>he terror which
+      fire excites exceeds all other causes for fear. It is a subtle power that
+      the average person cannot cope with. Its exhibitions are so terrible, so
+      changeable, and so unmanageable, that it temporarily unnerves or
+      unbalances the calmest brain. Great conflagrations have raged in many
+      lands, and in all ages, doing exceeding great damage, but it is yet to be
+      recorded that a fire ever swept over so wide a territory, and swallowed up
+      so large an amount of wealth and products, sacrificing so much life as did
+      the great Chicago Fire.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The history of the prominent events of the times would be incomplete were
+      not the attention of the boys and girls of to-day directed to an
+      occurrence so startling as to arouse the sympathies of the entire world.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The fire started on the night of October 8, 1871. The previous summer had
+      been especially dry and hot, and was prolific of fires, many cities and
+      towns having suffered in this respect, and the lumber districts of
+      Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and the forests of New York State, having
+      been visited by the destroying element. Many causes have been assigned for
+      this fire, but its origin will probably remain forever unknown. It burned
+      with unabated fierceness for two days, and three-fourths of the city were
+      literally reduced to ashes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On the evening of Saturday, the 7th, a fire had broken out in <span
+      class="pagenum">[328]</span><a name="link328" id="link328"></a>a portion
+      of the West Division of the city, and consumed property to the value of a
+      million of dollars. This was thought a terrible fire, and was heralded in
+      all the Sabbath morning papers; thousands visited the spot on that day,
+      and commented on and shuddered at the loss. Little did they apprehend that
+      the same evening, Sunday, October 8, a fire would take place which would
+      do the most deadly work, ruining business, licking up homes and property,
+      destroying human life, and almost wiping out a whole city, whose
+      prosperity and energy had become famous.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0225" id="linkimage-0225"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0337m.jpg" alt="0337m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0337.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Nothing escaped. Private homes, public buildings, churches, banks,
+      theaters, the postoffice, courthouse, newspaper edifices, hotels, <span
+      class="pagenum">[329]</span><a name="link329" id="link329"></a>all fell
+      before it, and not until General Sheridan ordered the blowing up of
+      buildings, was its progress stayed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At half-past three in the morning, while a strong southwest wind was
+      blowing, the anxious citizens were informed that the North Side was
+      attacked by the fire fiend, and one of the first victims to its wrath was
+      the engine house of the waterworks, thus cutting off the supply of water
+      for use in fighting the flames, and driving the terrified people to
+      despair. From here it leaped northward, taking in the elevators on the
+      river banks, with their millions of bushels of grain, setting fire to
+      vessels lying at anchor, then to the cemetery nearest the city, and to the
+      beautiful park known as Lincoln, in short, to every conceivable object
+      which could furnish food for the monster of destruction.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The tramp of hundreds of people fleeing from the fire, the shrieks of
+      terror, the noise of the engines, the hoarse shouts and calls of those who
+      searched in vain for their dear ones separated from them in the mad chase
+      for life, the thunderous fall of stately structures, the roaring,
+      crackling, howling flames, made a wild scene that Pandemonium was silence
+      compared with. The fire burned the North Side until there was no trace of
+      a building left standing save one, the residence of Mahlon D. Ogden, which
+      stood in a large plat of ground, entirely detached. On the site of this
+      house has since been erected a fine building of stone, devoted to a public
+      library, and called the Newberry. The northern city limits and the lake
+      were the only barriers to the further encroachments of the fire.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Blazing brands were seen sailing through the air, and, falling in some
+      spot as yet untouched, they would kindle a new fire. The heat was intense,
+      the very air one breathed almost scorched the throat. One vast sea of
+      flame melted marble and stone till it crumbled and fell. But oh, blessed
+      relief! The thousands who camped out on the prairie that night welcomed
+      the torrents of rain that fell, even though it chilled them through.
+      People went nearly mad with terror on that dreadful night. Robbers and
+      thieves were busy plying their trade, taking everything they could <span
+      class="pagenum">[330]</span><a name="link330" id="link330"></a>carry away.
+      Some of these perished with their ill-gotten gains. The lake was a welcome
+      refuge, and hundreds waded out as far into its waters as they dared, to
+      escape the heat that lay behind them. It was said that many were drowned
+      through their temerity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The 10th of October rose upon a waste, whose dwellers were clothed in the
+      apathy of despair. For eight days after the fire, the city was without
+      water, and the dread of a second outbreak hung like a pall over them. The
+      city came under military rule, citizens patroled the streets, and every
+      stranger was looked upon with suspicion, lest he be an incendiary. General
+      Sheridan, by virtue of the fact that he was commander of the Military
+      Division of the Missouri, took charge of the city, to protect it from the
+      thieves and incendiaries who were at work. He ordered two companies of
+      regulars from Omaha, three from Fort Leavenworth, and one from Fort Scott,
+      here. General Halleck also furnished him with four companies from
+      Kentucky.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A hundred men were put to work on the engines of the waterworks, and in a
+      week the mains were filled by pumping water into them from the river. Some
+      sickness resulted from drinking this water. But eight days' labor resulted
+      in forcing water from the pure lake into the pipes, and once more Chicago
+      could drink its fill. Meanwhile peddlers had dipped water from the lake
+      and sold it from house to house at a shilling a pail. Mayor R. B. Mason,
+      on the 10th, forbade any fires kindled for cooking, and &ldquo;cold victuals,&rdquo;
+       and in many cases no victuals at all, for a day or so, until the Relief
+      Committee could distribute the stores pouring into the desolated city,
+      were the order of the day.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      And then the great heart of the world beat with noble generosity. From
+      every city, and town, and village, and from foreign lands, the beneficent
+      gifts flowed in, and food and clothing. From New York, Boston, Cincinnati,
+      St. Louis, London, England, and all over the world, generous contributions
+      of money were poured into Chicago, to feed the starving&mdash;not the
+      &ldquo;starving poor,&rdquo; but the starving people, for all were made beggars by the
+      <span class="pagenum">[331]</span><a name="link331" id="link331"></a>calamity.
+      Banks were destroyed, local fire insurance companies were wiped out of
+      existence, and for months our fair city was kept alive by the noble and
+      unstinted liberality of the world.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The loss in property was over $290,000,000, at the lowest estimate. How
+      many lives were laid down no statistics have ever been positively given,
+      as there was such a large floating population, of whom no account could be
+      made, but accepting the lowest computation, at least 250 people perished
+      on that fearful night, and over 100,000 were left homeless, and without a
+      shelter.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A writer, speaking of the great loss of the fire of 1871 says that
+      $1,000,000 of property was consumed every five minutes, and 125 acres of
+      buildings every hour.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0043" id="link2H_4_0043"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      THE TELEPHONE AND PHONOGRAPH.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">N</span>o invention of
+      modern times equals in interest the Telephone. It has remained for an
+      American to solve the problem of communication between persons at a
+      distance from each other. Scientists, by means of electricity and sound,
+      have devised an apparatus for transmitting the voice to a distance of
+      hundreds of miles. To Alexander Graham Bell, of Massachusetts, and to
+      Elisha P. Gray, of Chicago, is due the honor of originating this wonderful
+      invention.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Closely following the telephone is the Phonograph, an invention based on
+      the same principle of science, but brought about by different means. The
+      phonograph is made to talk and sing, thus enabling one to read by the ear
+      instead of the eye.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0044" id="link2H_4_0044"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      THE JOHNSTOWN FLOOD.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">F</span>ly for your lives!
+      The dam is going!&rdquo; Such was the warning the inhabitants of the towns
+      received from the lips of a man who rode madly through the valley, warning
+      every one he saw, on that sad afternoon of May 31, 1889. It was five in
+      the afternoon. The people were beginning to think of leaving their <span
+      class="pagenum">[332]</span><a name="link332" id="link332"></a>work and
+      going to their peaceful homes, when this dread news broke upon their ears.
+      They could not credit it, and as they heard the news, they looked
+      doubtingly at each other. To most of them, it seemed impossible. The dam
+      was away up in the mountains, on private grounds, and few had ever seen it
+      or dreamed how vast it was. Besides, they reasoned, it had broken once or
+      twice before, and no great harm was done. All these causes served to lull
+      their fears. But even when they were warned, it was too late, so impetuous
+      was its course. Nothing could have stayed the mad waters in their descent
+      into the doomed valley.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0226" id="linkimage-0226"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0341m.jpg" alt="0341m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0341.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The Johnstown flood followed a long rain storm in the Alleghanies&mdash;a
+      storm of several days' duration. All the rivers running east were swollen,
+      and the immense dam of the huge Conemaugh valley burst with a thunderous
+      report. The reservoir was a large one, four miles long by one broad, and
+      over seventy feet deep. This vast body of water swept a wave twenty feet
+      high at the rate of twenty miles an hour, right down into <span
+      class="pagenum">[333]</span><a name="link333" id="link333"></a>the narrow
+      and deep valley, where were eight villages boasting a population of
+      58,000. Johnstown, Pennsylvania, the largest of the towns in the valley,
+      lay at the junction of Stony Creek and the Conemaugh river, and had
+      extensive iron works, banks, and many business houses. This and all the
+      villages were swept out of being in two hours, so rapid and vehement was
+      the coming of the torrent. Thousands were drowned, and nearly two thousand
+      people were burned to death by means of a mass of wreckage which was
+      caught and held at a new bridge near the town. The houses were all made of
+      wood, timber had floated down the current and stacked up, and hundreds of
+      trees were piled up at this bridge for a space of sixty acres. It is
+      presumed that some furnaces set fire to this mass, and the poor creatures
+      whose helpless forms had been entangled in the débris, met an awful death
+      by fire. There was no chance for escape; the raging torrent was ready to
+      engulf them, while the fierce flames were eager to lap up all that the
+      waters spared.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Railroad tracks were swept away, telegraph poles leveled, and though
+      Philadelphia and other cities sent help and food at once, it was
+      impossible to reach the helpless victims for forty-eight hours, and when
+      at last soldiers and navvies on rescue trains reached the scene, there was
+      nothing to be done but to feed the living and bury the dead.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Nearly 10,000 perished, and all who had escaped with their lives tried to
+      succor the sufferers, save a few Hungarian Slavs and Italians, who
+      plundered the dead, but who were shot at once as a reward for their
+      greediness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is not possible to picture the condition of the Valley after the waters
+      receded. In many places the whole town was swept as bare as though a
+      gigantic broom had passed over it, nothing but sand and gravel being left.
+      Where a house chanced to be left standing, it was filled with mud and
+      slime to the third story, while trees, broken timbers and debris was piled
+      up to the second story. Not a house was fit for occupancy. Dead bodies
+      were found in cellars, and in some dwellings horses had been forced into
+      the rooms by the rushing waters, and lay there putrefying. <span
+      class="pagenum">[334]</span><a name="link334" id="link334"></a>They all
+      fared alike. A few citizens were held prisoners in their frame houses, and
+      floated over two miles to a place of safety, but these fortunate ones were
+      the exception.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Medicines, clothing, money and food were liberally poured into the
+      unfortunate region. Men and women from all over the country offered their
+      services to care for the living and the dead.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The dam whose bursting caused this awful loss of life was very carelessly
+      constructed, and had no stone work in its makeup. Indeed, it might well be
+      called a vast embankment of earth.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0045" id="link2H_4_0045"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      EARTHQUAKE AT CHARLESTON.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">C</span>harleston, South
+      Carolina, seems to have more than her share of misfortunes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0227" id="linkimage-0227"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0343m.jpg" alt="0343m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0343.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      This thought occurred to me when the papers all over the country on the
+      morning of September 1st, 1886, <span class="pagenum">[335]</span><a
+      name="link335" id="link335"></a>gave to the world an account of that
+      dreaded convulsion known as an earthquake, which had taken place the night
+      previous, just as the hour for retiring had come. The first intimation
+      that the Signal Service Bureau at Washington city had of this catastrophe
+      was only a surmise. They knew that something was wrong, for communication
+      was not to be had. All the telegraph wires were suddenly cut off. Without
+      a moment's warning the city had been shocked and rent to its very
+      foundation. Hardly a building escaped injury and almost a third of the
+      city was in half or total ruins. The whole Atlantic coast was more or less
+      affected, and for leagues from the shore the ocean was thrown in a
+      turmoil.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      People fled from the tottering houses to the parks and public squares,
+      where they erected tents and remained for weeks, afraid to return to their
+      own homes. It was soon discovered that these shocks were only the dying
+      away of great convulsions and that further alarm was unnecessary, so they
+      returned home.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      With true American energy the debris was in a few months cleared away,
+      business was resumed and to-day were it not for a few cracks and fissures
+      in buildings we would never know that anything had happened there to
+      disturb their peace.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0228" id="linkimage-0228"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0344m.jpg" alt="0344m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0344.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0046" id="link2H_4_0046"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      INDIAN WARS.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0229" id="linkimage-0229"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9345.jpg" alt="9345 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9345.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      ATING <span class="pagenum">[336]</span><a name="link336" id="link336"></a>from
+      the time of the discovery of our continent there have been disturbances
+      between the whites and the Indians. The first Indian war was between the
+      colonists and the natives, and dates back to 1622.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At the beginning of the nineteenth century the Sioux Indians held all the
+      lands between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains, north of the 40th
+      parallel of latitude. These lands were grassy, rolling prairies, with a
+      plentiful supply of timber growing along the rivers and creeks which
+      abounded. The government established reservations thirty-two years ago for
+      the purpose of keeping those Indians who are hostile, separated from the
+      peaceably disposed ones, who only went upon the hunt for game for food and
+      sale. When buffalo and large game grew scarce, the United States furnished
+      them with food and clothing, and placed the means within their power, to
+      support themselves.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Indian question is full of interest, and comes forward constantly to
+      perplex our government, which regards them as its wards. Articles by the
+      hundred have been written about the red man, his possibilities and
+      capabilities set forth; plans have been proposed to subdue, or rather
+      civilize him, and still the fact remains that the savage nature, save in
+      exceptional instances, is as untamed as the first day he came upon the
+      scene. <span class="pagenum">[337]</span><a name="link337" id="link337"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0230" id="linkimage-0230"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0346m.jpg" alt="0346m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0346.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The <span class="pagenum">[338]</span><a name="link338" id="link338"></a>first
+      mail to California from the East was carried by the overland route, in
+      stages, and lucky was the party that made the lonesome journey across the
+      plains unmolested by the Indians, who swarmed about them and sent showers
+      of arrows into the coach which was carrying its bag of mail and the
+      trembling passengers. The stage was always guarded by United States
+      soldiers, but in spite of this the half-naked savages would press closer
+      and closer, hurling their sharp arrows with unerring aim, as the stage
+      went plunging along, the horses half-mad with fear, but straining every
+      nerve to outrun the screaming foe. The settlers of those early days were
+      brave men and women, or they would not have risked falling into the hands
+      of the roving bands who were always on the war-path on some pretext. Many
+      a brave man has died defending the mail which the government intrusted to
+      him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0231" id="linkimage-0231"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0347m.jpg" alt="0347m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0347.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      While our land was torn with dissension, the Indians cunningly planned a
+      general uprising. This was in 1862. The Indians in Minnesota and Dakota
+      massacred the settlers everywhere, In Minnesota the Sioux attacked
+      outlying towns, committing <span class="pagenum">[339]</span><a
+      name="link339" id="link339"></a>terrible atrocities. They pounced upon New
+      Ulm, a small but thriving village, and killed 100 of its people.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0232" id="linkimage-0232"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0348m.jpg" alt="0348m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0348.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      They turned their attention to two other villages, but were driven away.
+      <span class="pagenum">[340]</span><a name="link340" id="link340"></a>Colonel
+      Sibley was sent after them, and met several bodies of Indians, whom he
+      defeated. They fear cannon greatly, and two were turned upon them, much to
+      their terror.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0233" id="linkimage-0233"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0349m.jpg" alt="0349m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0349.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The garrison at Fort Kearney was surprised by Indians December 21, 1866,
+      and 100 soldiers were slaughtered.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Indians have many peculiar customs. One of them is, their habit of
+      daubing on the war paint and indulging in a war dance whenever they
+      resolve to attack the whites.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[341]</span><a name="link341" id="link341"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0234" id="linkimage-0234"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0350m.jpg" alt="0350m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0350.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Once seen they <span class="pagenum">[342]</span><a name="link342"      id="link342"></a>can never be forgotten, for their lithe forms, hideously
+      painted faces, and demoniac yells would startle the bravest.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      September of 1867 the Indians on the North Platte called a council to
+      confer with General Sherman. They demanded that the building of several
+      roads should be stopped, and particularly the work on the Southern
+      Pacific, as it interfered with their hunting. The General would not accede
+      to these demands, but promised that any loss they suffered should be made
+      good to them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      September 18, 1868, the 'Indians attacked our troops at Republican River,
+      and Lieutenant Beecher and several other officers were murdered. In 1871
+      the Apaches killed over 200 white settlers, not in battle, but skulking in
+      ambush, and shooting them wherever they met them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0235" id="linkimage-0235"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9351.jpg" alt="9351 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9351.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The whites met the Indians at Washita River, and defeated them, November
+      27, 1868.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus the continual outbreaks of the Indians, have been a source of trouble
+      and anxiety to the government, which has sought to adjust the claims of
+      the red men in a fair and just manner. That the latter have often been
+      cheated and robbed by unscrupulous agents and traders, no one can deny,
+      but the fact still remains that the Indian nature is peculiarly hard to
+      subdue, and their natural instincts are cruel. <span class="pagenum">[343]</span><a
+      name="link343" id="link343"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0236" id="linkimage-0236"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0352m.jpg" alt="0352m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0352.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      There are, fortunately, many bright examples among several tribes, <span
+      class="pagenum">[344]</span><a name="link344" id="link344"></a>of the
+      beauty of civilization, and its beneficial influence upon them.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Modoc massacre was a cruel return for intended kindness. This tribe
+      had for its chief Captain Jack, a very intelligent man of fine abilities.
+      Their removal to another reservation was violently resisted by them, and
+      they retreated to the Lava Beds, where trouble was anticipated. At last a
+      peace council was arranged for and although Colonel Meacham, the peace
+      commissioner, urged the whites not to attend it, they paid no attention to
+      his warning, but went. The Indians had concealed weapons, and they rose in
+      a body, and attempted to massacre every white man present. General Canby
+      and Dr. Thomas were killed, and Colonel Meacham received a dozen wounds,
+      but survived them. Three months afterward the band surrendered, and
+      Captain Jack and some of the other leaders were executed at Fort Klamath,
+      Oregon, October 3.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0047" id="link2H_4_0047"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      GEORGE A. CUSTER.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">A</span> the close of the
+      war of 1861 most of the boys in blue went back to their homes&mdash;but
+      not so with General Custer. He was one of the most brilliant soldiers of
+      the war, and had the distinction of being the youngest general in the
+      army. His graduation from West Point took place just about the first year
+      of the conflict, and he was made lieutenant, but before the close of the
+      last year he had attained the rank of major-general, and assisted in some
+      of the most remarkable victories.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He was not allowed time to visit his home in Michigan, but was ordered to
+      lead a cavalry command through Texas, to teach the people there that the
+      war was over, and to check the ravages of the &ldquo;bushwhackers&rdquo; who still
+      infested that beautiful State. On his return home he accepted the
+      lieutenant-colonelcy of the Seventh United States Cavalry, and nine years
+      were passed in service at the frontier posts of Kansas and Dakota.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His wife lived with him through those scenes of interest. She <span
+      class="pagenum">[345]</span><a name="link345" id="link345"></a>had the
+      gift of transmitting to paper the vivid pictures of this wild and daring
+      life. She passed four months in an army wagon, and rode the long marches
+      which her brave husband was forced to make. He was a hero, she also was a
+      heroine, for the hardships and privations which she endured so
+      uncomplainingly, were worthy of so grand a spirit.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Sioux (Soo) is the most powerful tribe of red men on our continent.
+      They preyed upon all alike&mdash;with the defenceless settlements of our
+      Minnesota frontier, with the Pawnees, the Cheyennes, the Arapahoes, and
+      the Shoshones and, indeed, with all the other tribes, far and near.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They spared no one. At the end of the war of 1861 our army was called on
+      to protect the peaceable settlers of the far West, for the Sioux were more
+      hostile and bloodthirsty than ever. For ten years the cavalry regiments
+      knew no rest. The Indians were on the war-path continually. They were
+      always rash fighters, but when in 1874 they obtained breech-loaders and
+      rifles, they became a foe more to be dreaded than ever. They burned our
+      forts and massacred the small garrisons in a most atrocious manner.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our government used every method to subdue them, feeding, clothing and
+      coaxing them. Agencies and reservations were placed at good points, but
+      this care for their comfort had no effect. The old worn-out Indians, women
+      and children lived on these reservations, partaking of the government's
+      bounty, while the young and vigorous warriors sallied out to murder and
+      pilfer the whites wherever they could find them. The soldiers of the
+      United States were not permitted to attack them on their reservations, and
+      so they kept out of their way, and escaped punishment.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      An Indian in his wild state has no respect for another of his race who has
+      no scalps to show. There were, however, some who made treaties with the
+      whites, and kept them. But among the many who never made any promise to
+      behave was a powerful medicine chief known as &ldquo;Sitting Bull.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      In March, 1876, General George Crook was sent against this <span
+      class="pagenum">[346]</span><a name="link346" id="link346"></a>renowned
+      warrior, who had entrenched himself in the hills with 6,000 &ldquo;bad Indians&rdquo;
+       around him. From the south General Terry was sent with a strong body of
+      cavalry and infantry, and General Gibbon with a small but brave band of
+      frontier soldiers. They approached the stronghold of the chief. Major Reno
+      left camp to reconnoiter, and was readily convinced how rash it would be
+      to attack Sitting Bull, who was daily receiving accessions to his numbers.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      General Terry thought, however, it was time to start an expedition to
+      discover and dislodge the enemy, and he gave the command to the brave and
+      fearless soldier, General Custer. He named the 26th of June as the day
+      when he and Gibbon would be there to assist Custer, but the latter,
+      impatient to open the conflict, had urged his horses and men to their
+      utmost so as to reach the scene. He started on the trail with the Seventh
+      Cavalry, riding sixty miles in twenty-four hours. His aim was to have a
+      bout with the Indians and defeat them single-handed. Coming within sight
+      of the village on the left bank of the Little Big Horn River where Sitting
+      Bull was encamped, he observed such tokens of excitement and hurrying away
+      of ponies as to him had but one explanation&mdash;that the chief and his
+      warriors were running away. Dashing forward with panting chest and the
+      fire of courage flaming in his face, he placed himself at the head of his
+      men, plunged hastily into the valley, and the last that General Reno, who
+      followed him closely, ever saw of the brave Custer and his three hundred,
+      was the cloud of dust their trail had left behind.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The valiant Custer had gone to his death! Expecting Reno would make a dash
+      such as his own, he had gallantly ridden forward, to be met by a perfect
+      storm of flame and lead. In an instant he saw how vain was his attempt,
+      and giving orders to mount he sought a way out, but the red men swarmed
+      around his followers. Boys and even old squaws were firing at him and his
+      band most viciously. <span class="pagenum">[347]</span><a name="link347"      id="link347"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0237" id="linkimage-0237"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0357m.jpg" alt="0357m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0357.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Vainly they tried to remount&mdash;they cut their horses loose, and on a
+      little mound, General Custer, with scarcely a dozen men, all who were
+      left, made his last <span class="pagenum">[348]</span><a name="link348"      id="link348"></a>rally. In a few moments all was over. Of the twelve
+      troops of the Seventh Cavalry, but one thing escaped alive&mdash;Myles
+      Keogh's sorrel horse, Comanche, who came back into the lines a few days
+      later, a most pitiable object. Thus perished General Custer, as brave and
+      noble a soldier as ever lived!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Utes gave a great amount of trouble in 1879, in Colorado, pouncing
+      upon a wagon train and slaying Major Thornburgh and eleven of his men.
+      They next murdered Agent Meeker, and carried many women into captivity.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Apache Indians fell upon the settlers of Silver City, New Mexico,
+      October 19, 1879, killing twenty-one men and women, and seventeen
+      children. The men were shot and scalped, and the women tortured. Troops
+      were sent to protect the remainder, but it was some time before they could
+      be reached.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The year 1890 witnessed one of the most serious outbreaks of the red men
+      of the Dakota reservations. The Ghost Dance was indulged in, and the
+      feeling of dread and fear spread all over the Western country. This dance
+      was instigated by Sitting Bull, who had returned to the reservation eleven
+      years previous. It has always been a superstition among all the Indians
+      that the Messiah would come to them some day, bring all their dead to
+      life, and drive the whites out of the land. Sitting Bull encouraged the
+      Sioux in Dakota to believe this.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At once the War Department was given full control of the Indians by the
+      Interior Department. At the different agencies it was found that the
+      Indians were stealing cattle and horses and running them off into the Bad
+      Lands, where they designed starting a camp. It was well known that if
+      Sitting Bull reached that stronghold he would be safe, so the Indian
+      police at the Pine Ridge Agency were told to arrest him, which they did,
+      and started back to the Agency, knowing a body of cavalry and infantry
+      were following in their wake to assist them. But Sitting Bull's friends
+      rushed to his assistance and a fierce hand-to-hand encounter took place.
+      They all fought like fiends, and lost several of their numbers. But the
+      police held the old chief captive, <span class="pagenum">[349]</span><a
+      name="link349" id="link349"></a>and two of them shot him&mdash;Bullhead
+      and Red Tomahawk. A son of the chief, Crow Foot, was slain also.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0048" id="link2H_4_0048"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      BATTLE OF WOUNDED KNEE CREEK,
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">I</span>n the annals of
+      American history there cannot be found a battle so fierce, bloody and
+      decisive as the fight at Wounded Knee Creek between the Seventh Cavalry
+      and Big Foots band of Sioux. It was a stand-up fight of the most desperate
+      kind, in which nearly the entire band was annihilated, and although the
+      soldiers outnumbered their opponents nearly three to one, the victory was
+      won by two troops, about one hundred strong.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0238" id="linkimage-0238"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:30%;">
+      <img src="images/8359.jpg" alt="8359 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8359.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The night before the Indians had agreed to submit, and the troops were up
+      bright and early in readiness to move by eight o'clock. At that hour the
+      cavalry and dismounted troops were gathered about the Indian village, the
+      Hotchkiss guns overlooking the camp not fifty yards away. The Indians were
+      ordered to come forward, away from their tents, and when the band, under
+      the leadership of Big Foot, walked out of their lodges and formed a
+      semicircle in front of the soldiers' tents, there was nothing to indicate
+      that they would not submit. Colonel Forsyth, an Indian fighter of tried
+      worth, never gave a thought to the chance of a fight. When it was made
+      plain to the band that their arms must be <span class="pagenum">[350]</span><a
+      name="link350" id="link350"></a>given up, the murmur of discontent was
+      unanimous.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0239" id="linkimage-0239"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9360.jpg" alt="9360 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9360.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      When the soldiers proceeded to disarm them and search their tents the
+      medicine man jumped up, uttered a loud incantation and fired at a trooper
+      standing guard over the captured guns. That was the signal for fight, and
+      in a second every buck in the party rose to his feet, cast aside the
+      blanket which covered his winchester, and, taking aim, fired directly at
+      the troop in front. It was a terrible onslaught, and so sudden that all
+      were stunned but, quickly recovering, they opened fire on the enemy. The
+      position of troops B and K would not allow their fellow-cavalry-men to
+      fire, lest they shoot through the Indians and kill their own men. This the
+      terrible duel raged for thirty minutes. Someone ordered &ldquo;Spare the women,&rdquo;
+       but the squaws fought like demons and could not be distinguished from the
+      men. The entire band was practically slaughtered, and those who escaped to
+      the ravine were followed by the cavalry and shot down wherever found. The
+      chief medicine man, whose incantations had caused the band to act with
+      such murderous treachery, fell with a dozen bullets in his body. It is
+      claimed that of the Indians there were but two survivors, one of which was
+      a baby girl about three months old, who has since been adopted by a
+      wealthy lady in Washington.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After <span class="pagenum">[351]</span><a name="link351" id="link351"></a>the
+      defeat of the Indians at Wounded Knee Creek, they were ready to close the
+      conflict and make the best terms possible with General Miles. On the 22d
+      of January there was a grand military review in honor of the victory over
+      the redskins. Ten thousand Sioux had a good opportunity to see the
+      strength and discipline of the United States Army, the end of the
+      ghost-dance rebellion being marked by a review of all the soldiers who had
+      taken part in crushing the Indians. Thus passed into history probably not
+      only the most remarkable of our Indian wars, but the last one there will
+      ever be.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0049" id="link2H_4_0049"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CHRISTOPHER CARSON.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">T</span>he subject of our
+      sketch was one of the most noted mountaineers, trappers and hunters that
+      ever lived.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0240" id="linkimage-0240"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9361.jpg" alt="9361 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9361.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      He was no less renowned as a guide and a soldier. He was a native of
+      Madison County, Kentucky, where he was born December 24, 1809. When he was
+      a babe his father removed his family to Howard County, Missouri. Here he
+      spent <span class="pagenum">[352]</span><a name="link352" id="link352"></a>many
+      happy days in hunting wild game, and making himself familiar with nature.
+      The schoolroom had not very many charms for him, and at fifteen he was
+      apprenticed to a saddler, with whom he remained two years. But this
+      employment was irksome to him, and he soon freed himself, and we next hear
+      of him as a trapper, which was more congenial to his taste, as he remained
+      one for eight years. He next engaged as hunter to Bent's Fort, and eight
+      more years glided by. Few men understood the nature of the Indians more
+      thoroughly than did he. He dealt with them in a truthful, straightforward
+      way, which won their regard, and the government appointed him Indian agent
+      in New Mexico, where he was singularly successful in making treaties with
+      the red men, which were religiously kept.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His services during the Civil War were inestimable in New Mexico, Colorado
+      and the Indian Territory, for which he was promoted to colonel, and was
+      brevetted brigadier-general.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He died from a rupture of an artery in the neck, at Fort Lynn, Colorado,
+      on the 23d of May, 1868.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0050" id="link2H_4_0050"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">T</span>he next great fair
+      which our country saw, was planned on a huge scale. It was also an
+      invitation to the peoples of all lands, who liberally responded. This was
+      the World's Fair, and it was rightly named, for it proved a gathering of
+      all nations. It was opened in May, 1893, and closed October 30. The
+      features of the Fair were varied, and its inception and fulfillment were
+      on a gigantic scale. Nearly every country on earth sent some
+      representation to the Fair, and during its existence millions of strangers
+      visited the city.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[353]</span><a name="link353" id="link353"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0241" id="linkimage-0241"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0363m.jpg" alt="0363m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0363.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      There was a long and earnest contest as to what city should have the honor
+      of being selected to hold the great World's Fair, St. Louis, Cincinnati,
+      New York, Washington and Chicago, each presenting powerful reasons why the
+      choice should fall upon it. But Congress settled the question by giving to
+      Chicago the coveted honor, and without delay commissioners were chosen,
+      and <span class="pagenum">[354]</span><a name="link354" id="link354"></a>officials
+      and citizens went busily to work, hand in hand, to make the fair the
+      grandest ever projected.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The grounds selected were at Jackson Park, Chicago, and comprised 640
+      acres. Magnificent buildings were erected, costing from $10,000 to
+      $300,000 each, and every State engaged with the others in a friendly
+      rivalry. There were forty-seven State and Territorial buildings, each one
+      noted for a style of architecture dissimilar to any of the rest, and yet
+      all remarkably beautiful.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was well represented by foreign peoples, fifty-one nations and
+      thirty-nine colonies participating. The edifices erected by the directors,
+      such as Transportation, Machinery Hall, Electrical Building, etc., were
+      numerous and costly. The beauties of the Art Gallery were a revelation to
+      the busy, pushing American, and the man or woman who spent but a few days
+      among the wonders of the great World's Fair of 1893 found food for
+      reflection and pleasant memories to last a lifetime. Nature was not
+      overlooked and the horticultural show was a marvel of beauty. The
+      Fisheries Building was deemed among the handsomest on the grounds, costing
+      $225,000, but where all were so fine and-so well adapted to their intended
+      use, it is impossible to particularize.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The fair, it was expected, would be opened by President Cleveland in
+      person, but State reasons forbidding his presence, it was arranged that he
+      should touch an electric button in Washington which should start the
+      machinery here, which was done. The fair was dedicated on the 20th of
+      October, 1892, with imposing and lengthy ceremonies, and opened to the
+      world in May, 1893.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Figures do not appeal to the youthful mind, but still they are necessary
+      for comparison, and when I tell my young readers that the Vienna
+      exposition in 1873 expended $7,850,000, while Chicago's outlay was
+      $17,000,000, it will easily be seen that the Worlds Fair of 1893, held at
+      Chicago, was carried out with a magnificence never before equaled.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0051" id="link2H_4_0051"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN OF 1896.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0242" id="linkimage-0242"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9365.jpg" alt="9365 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9365.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      HEN <span class="pagenum">[355]</span><a name="link355" id="link355"></a>in
+      the campaign of 1896 for President of our great republic, excitement ran
+      high, as the &ldquo;silverites&rdquo; had put a candidate in the field in opposition
+      to the Republican nominee, the latter party having adopted a platform
+      which upheld the gold standard, and which pledged itself to make every
+      effort to obtain recognition for silver as money by gold-standard
+      countries, at a ratio to be agreed upon later; it also declared in favor
+      of a protective tariff.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The year of 1893 had brought a terrible panic, which caused more suffering
+      in its train, than any that had preceded it. Business was not to be had,
+      labor was not sought, and failures were of everyday occurrence. People
+      began to ask why this state of affairs existed. The advocates of silver
+      answered that it was because that metal was legislated against, while the
+      protective tariff people asserted that the troubles were due to the fact
+      that the tariff was faulty&mdash;it neither provided money for
+      governmental uses, nor work for the toilers.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At once a fierce contest of words and arguments began. The silver men
+      formed clubs, papers presenting their arguments were scattered all over
+      the land, able speakers were employed, and nothing was heard but the
+      all-absorbing currency question.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Democrats held a convention at Chicago in July with the silver men in
+      the majority. William J. Bryan of Nebraska proved so convincing a speaker
+      in the debates, that he held the attention of vast and enthusiastic
+      audiences.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In return for his efforts <span class="pagenum">[356]</span><a
+      name="link356" id="link356"></a>he was nominated for President, and Arthur
+      Sewall of Maine for Vice, as William McKinley of Ohio, had been named in
+      the Republican body that met at St. Louis, in June, with Garrett A. Hobart
+      of New Jersey as Vice-President.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0243" id="linkimage-0243"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9366.jpg" alt="9366 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9366.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      The platform sanctioned by the party was the free coinage of silver at the
+      ratio of &ldquo;sixteen to one,&rdquo; and that the tariff was to remain unchanged.
+      The watch 7 word of the party became &ldquo;sixteen to one.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      When the Populists held their convention they chose Mr. Bryan for the
+      Presidential chair, and Thomas Watson of Georgia for the position of
+      Vice-President. The Silver party indorsed the choice of Bryan, and the
+      whole country became engaged in the conflict. The excitement was intense,
+      and party spirit ran high. The States seemed equally divided, the Eastern
+      and Central coming out for gold, while the Western and Southern espoused
+      the claims of the white metal.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Still another party arose, called the Gold Democrats, who convened at
+      Indianapolis in September, and selected John M. Palmer of Illinois for
+      their Presidential leader, and Simon B. Buckner of Kentucky for Vice. This
+      party came out squarely for the gold standard only.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0244" id="linkimage-0244"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figright" style="width:30%;">
+      <img src="images/8366.jpg" alt="8366 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/8366.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      Mr. Bryan took the stump and addressed the people of the country at large.
+      Mr. McKinley remained quietly in his own home at Canton, and received
+      delegations. It seemed as though every man, woman and child took sides in
+      the great question at stake, and each was equally sure of success. Debates
+      noticeable <span class="pagenum">[357]</span><a name="link357" id="link357"></a>for
+      their bitter intensity were heard, meetings were held day and night, and
+      each party felt certain that in an acceptance of its particular views
+      alone rested the safety and perpetuity of our country.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The battle culminated on November 5, 1896, when William McKinley was
+      elected by a large majority. The rancor and bitterness died out, all
+      parties accepted the people's choice, and he was inaugurated President
+      March 4, 1897, amid a scene of splendor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of his patriotism, his clear-sightedness, his wisdom, his administration
+      is daily giving proof, and his conduct of our late war with Spain is the
+      best vindication of the calm, unbiased, just and grand character of our
+      chief executive.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0245" id="linkimage-0245"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0367m.jpg" alt="0367m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0367.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[358]</span><a name="link358" id="link358"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0246" id="linkimage-0246"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0368m.jpg" alt="0368m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0368.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0052" id="link2H_4_0052"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      &ldquo;HOME, SWEET HOME.&rdquo;
+     </h2>
+    <p>
+      FRANCES E. WILLARD.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In <span class="pagenum">[359]</span><a name="link359" id="link359"></a>the
+      spring of 1863 two great armies were encamped on either side of the
+      Rappahannock River, one dressed in blue and the other dressed in gray. As
+      twilight fell, the bands of music on the Union side began to play the
+      martial music, &ldquo;The Star Spangled Banner,&rdquo; and &ldquo;Rally Round the Flag;&rdquo; and
+      that challenge of music was taken up by those upon the other side, and
+      they responded with &ldquo;The Bonnie Blue Flag,&rdquo; and &ldquo;Away Down South in
+      Dixie.&rdquo; It was borne in upon the soul of a single soldier in one of those
+      bands of music to begin a sweeter and a more tender air, and slowly as he
+      played it they joined in a sort of chorus of all the instruments upon the
+      Union side, until finally a great and mighty chorus swelled up and down
+      our army&mdash;&ldquo;Home, Sweet Home.&rdquo; When they had finished there was no
+      challenge yonder, for every band upon that farther shore had taken up the
+      lovely air so attuned to all that is holiest and dearest, and one great
+      chorus of the two great hosts went up to God; and when they had finished
+      the sweet and holy melody, from the boys in gray there came a challenge,
+      &ldquo;Three cheers for home!&rdquo; and as they went reverberating through the skies
+      from both sides of the river, &ldquo;something upon the soldiers' cheeks washed
+      off the stains of powder.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0053" id="link2H_4_0053"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      THE REV. O. H. TIFFANY, D. D.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">H</span>OW solemn a thing
+      is death!&mdash;and yet, how wonderful a thing <span class="pagenum">[360]</span><a
+      name="link360" id="link360"></a>is life! God appoints it, man develops it,
+      death seals its destiny, eternity unfolds its ultimate issues. Each human
+      soul in which this power of life is has &ldquo;its secrets and histories and
+      marvels of destiny, heaven's splendors are over its dead, hell's terrors
+      are under its feet, tragedies and poetries are in it, and a history for
+      eternity.&rdquo; Every social organism, every grand national aggregation of
+      lives but generalizes the history of the individual, and thus the history
+      of all life and of all living, whether in individuals, families, societies
+      or nations, is one history, and that history the record of its conflicts,
+      its defeats, its victories. The dawn of this life is a struggle for being,
+      its growth a constant warfare with antagonisms, its maintenance is by
+      continued defenses. And each and all of these create crises of destiny
+      which may retard or advance, destroy or establish the whole.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our national birth was a contest with physical difficulties, our
+      establishment a victory over political antagonisms; the last desperate
+      struggle was a conflict of ideas, a contest of moral principles; and we
+      may hope that its issue shall be one of prosperity and peace.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Mountains are rock-ribbed and enduring because the earthquake has settled
+      them on their foundations; the pines that crest them like a coronet
+      withstand the rudest blasts, because they have been rooted by the storms
+      which toss their giant branches. So universal freedom has been made sure
+      by the passing turbulence of rebellion, and our national prosperity
+      established by the rude blast of war.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was a war such as the world never before witnessed; it was fought by
+      such armies as never before were marshaled on the field. But the end has
+      come. These great armies have returned covered with honor and laureled
+      with renown. They are merged again in the business and activities of life;
+      they have disappeared from view like the snow in springtime, or the dew of
+      the morning in the <span class="pagenum">[361]</span><a name="link361"      id="link361"></a>summer's sun; now and then the halting step upon the
+      sidewalk, here and there an empty sleeve, remind us in our daily walks of
+      the stern realities of war.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After war, peace!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Peace to the dead. Peace through their labors to the living. These &ldquo;have
+      fought their last fight,&rdquo; the salvos of artillery which soon shall sound
+      from the guns they loved so well shall not awake them. The grass shall
+      grow green in springtime, the birds of summer shall sing their sweetest
+      notes, the bright glories of autumn shall tint the foliage above them, and
+      the white snow of winter shall lie unbroken on their graves, but these
+      shall sleep on in peace.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Peace, white-robed and olive-crowned, has come to us who linger. Peace,
+      with its cares and toils, peace, with its plenty and prosperity, peace,
+      with its duties for to-day and its destinies for to-morrow. Let us welcome
+      it and become worthy of it. Let there be in all our lives, thoughts,
+      hopes, endeavors, such devotion to duty as called and sent these brave men
+      to the battlefield and sustained them there; and then we may safely leave
+      our future to the care of those who, coming after us, shall pause, amid
+      the ruins time may make, to trace upon the marble in our cemeteries the
+      names of the heroic dead.
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      God gives us peace! Not such as lulls to sleep,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      But sword on thigh and brows with purpose knit.
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      And let our Ship of State to harbor sweep,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Her ports all up! Her battle lanterns lit!
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      And her leashed thunders gathered for their leap.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0054" id="link2H_4_0054"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      THE UNION SOLDIER.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      ROBERT G. INGERSOLL.
+    </p>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">T</span>HE past rises
+      before me like a dream. Again we are in the great struggle for national
+      life. We hear the sounds of preparation, the music of the boisterous drum,
+      the silver voices of heroic bugles. We see thousands of assemblages, and
+      hear the appeals of orators; we see the pale cheeks of women and the <span
+      class="pagenum">[362]</span><a name="link362" id="link362"></a>flushed
+      faces of men; and in those assemblages we see all the dead whose dust we
+      have covered with flowers. We lose sight of them no more. We are with them
+      when they enlist in the great army of freedom. We see them part with those
+      they love. Some are walking for the last time in quiet, woody places with
+      the maidens they adore. We hear the whisperings and the sweet vows of
+      eternal love as they lingeringly part forever. Others are bending over
+      cradles, kissing babies that are asleep; some are receiving the blessings
+      of old men; some are parting with mothers who hold them and press them to
+      their hearts again and again, and say nothing, and some are talking with
+      wives, and endeavoring with brave words spoken in the old tones to drive
+      from their hearts the awful fear. We see them part. We see the wife
+      standing in the door, with the babe in her arms&mdash;standing in the
+      sunlight sobbing&mdash;at the turn of the road a hand waves&mdash;she
+      answers by holding high in her loving hands the child. He is gone, and
+      forever. We see them all as they march proudly away under the flaunting
+      flags, keeping time to the wild, grand music of war, marching down the
+      streets of the great cities, through the towns and across the prairies,
+      down to the fields of glory, to do and to die for the eternal right. We go
+      with them, one and all. We are by their side on all the gory fields, in
+      the hospitals, on all the weary marches. We stand guard with them in the
+      wild storm, and under the quiet stars. We are with them in ravines running
+      with blood, in the furrows of old fields; we are with them between
+      contesting hosts unable to move, wild with thirst, the life ebbing slowly
+      away among the withered leaves. We see them pierced by balls and torn with
+      shells in the trenches by forts, and in the whirlwind of the charge, where
+      men become iron, with nerves of steel.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      We are with them in the prisons of hatred and famine; but human speech can
+      never tell what they endured. We are at home when the news comes that they
+      are dead. We see the maiden in the shadow of her first sorrow. We see the
+      silvered head of the old man bowed with the first grief.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The past rises before us, and we see four millions of human beings
+      governed by the lash; we see them bound hand and foot; we hear the strokes
+      of cruel whips; we see the hounds tracking women <span class="pagenum">[363]</span><a
+      name="link363" id="link363"></a>through the tangled swamps; we see babes
+      sold from the breasts of mothers. Cruelty unspeakable! Outrage infinite!
+      Four million bodies in chains&mdash;four million souls in fetters. All the
+      sacred relations of wife, mother, father and child trampled beneath the
+      brutal feet of might. All this was done under our own beautiful banner of
+      the free. The past rises before us; we hear the roar and shriek of the
+      bursting shell; the broken fetters fall; these heroes died. We look&mdash;instead
+      of slaves we see men, women and children. The wand of progress touches the
+      auction block, the slave pen, the whipping post, and we see homes and
+      firesides, and schoolhouses and books, and where all was want and crime
+      and cruelty and fetters, we see the faces of the free. These heroes are
+      dead; they died for liberty; they died for us; they are at rest; they
+      sleep in the land they made free under the flag they rendered stainless,
+      under the solemn pines, the sad hemlocks, the tearful willows and the
+      embracing vines; they sleep beneath the shadows of the clouds, careless
+      alike of sunshine or storm, each in the windowless palace of rest. Earth
+      may run red with other wars, they are at peace. In the midst of battle
+      they found the severity of death. I have one sentiment for the soldiers,
+      living and dead&mdash;cheers for the living, and tears for the dead.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our Noble, Heroic and Self-Sacrificing Women.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0055" id="link2H_4_0055"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      EMORY A. STORRS.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">B</span>RIGHT and shying
+      on our resplendent annals shall appear the names of those thousands of
+      noble, heroic and self-sacrificing women, who organized and carried
+      forward to triumphant success a colossal sanitary and charitable scheme,
+      the like of which, in nobility of conception and perfectness of execution,
+      the world had never before witnessed, and which carried all around the
+      globe the fame and the name of the women of America.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      From camp to camp, from battlefield to battlefield, through the long and
+      toilsome march, by day and by night, these sacred charities followed, and
+      the prayers of the devoted and the true were ceaselessly with you through
+      all dangers.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Leagues <span class="pagenum">[364]</span><a name="link364" id="link364"></a>and
+      leagues separated you from home, but the blessings there invoked upon you
+      hovered over and around you, and sweetened your sleep like angels' visits.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      While the boy soldier slept by his camp fire at night and dreaming of
+      home, and what his valor would achieve for his country, uttered even in
+      his dreams prayers for the loved ones who had made that home so dear to
+      him, the mother dreaming of her son breathed at the same time prayers for
+      his safety, and for the triumph of his cause. The prayers and blessings of
+      mother and son, borne heavenward, met in the bosom of their common God and
+      Father.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0056" id="link2H_4_0056"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      ANTIETAM.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      |I'VE wandered to Antietam, John,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      And stood where foe met foe
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Upon the fields of Maryland
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      So many years ago.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      The circling hills rise just the same
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      As they did on that day,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      When you were fighting blue, old
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      boy,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      And I was fighting gray.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      The winding stream runs 'neath the
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      bridge
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Where Burnside won his fame;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      The locust trees upon the ridge
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Beyond are there the same.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      The birds were singing 'mid the
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      trees&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      'Twas bullets on that day,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      When you were fighting blue, old
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      boy,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      And I was fighting gray.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      I saw again the Dunker Church
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      That stood beside the wood,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Where Hooker made the famous
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      charge
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      That Hill so well withstood.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      'Tis scarred and marred by war and
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      time,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      As we are, John, to-day;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      For you were fighting blue, old boy,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      As I was fighting gray.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      I stood beneath the signal tree
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Where I that day was laid,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      And 'twas your arms, old boy, that
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      brought
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Me'to this friendly shade.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Tho' leaves are gone and limbs are
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      bare,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Its heart is true to-day
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      As your your's was then, tho' fighting blue,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      To me, tho fighting gray.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      I marked the spot where Mansfield
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      fell,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Where Richardson was slain,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      With Stark and Douglas 'mid the
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      corn,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      And Brant amid the grain.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      The names are sacred to us, John;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      They led us in the fray, [blue
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      When you were fighting Northern
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      And I the Southern gray.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      I <span class="pagenum">[365]</span><a name="link365" id="link365"></a>thought
+      of Burnside, Hooker, '
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Meade,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Of Sedgwick, old and grave;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Of Stonewall Jackson, tried and true,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      That tried the day to save.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      I bared my head&mdash;they rest in peace&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Each one has passed away;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Death musters those who wore the
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      blue
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      With those who wore the gray.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      The old Pry mansion rears its walls
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Beside Antietam's stream,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      And far away along the South
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      I saw the tombstones gleam.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      They mark each place where &ldquo;Little
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Mac&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      And Robert Lee that day
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Made proud the South, tho' wearing
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      blue,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      The North, tho' wearing gray.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Yes; John, it gave me joy to stand
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      Where we once fiercely fought.
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      The nation now is one again&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      The lesson has been taught.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      Sweet peace doth fair Antietam crown,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      And we can say to-day [blue
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent10">
+      We're friends, tho' one was fighting
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      And one was fighting gray.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0057" id="link2H_4_0057"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      THE SWORDS OF GRANT AND LEE.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;<i>Fame Hath Crowned with Laurel the Swords of Grant and Lee.</i>&rdquo; <br /><br /><a
+      name="linkimage-0247" id="linkimage-0247"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9375.jpg" alt="9375 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9375.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      ETHINKS to-night I catch a gleam of steel among the pines,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      And yonder by the lilied stream repose the foemen's lines;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      The ghostly guards who pace the ground a moment stop to see
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      If all is safe and still around the tents of Grant and Lee.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      'Tis but a dream; no armies camp where once their bay'nets
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent15">
+      shone;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      And Hesper's calm and lovely lamp shines on the dead alone;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      A cricket chirps on yonder rise beneath a cedar tree
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      Where glinted 'neath the summer skies the swords of Grant and Lee.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      Forever sheathed those famous blades that led the eager van!
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      They shine no more among the glades that fringe the Rapidan;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      To-day their battle work is done, go draw them forth and see
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      That not a stain appears upon the swords of Grant and Lee.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      The gallant men who saw them flash in comradeship to-day
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      Recall the wild, impetuous dash of val'rous blue and gray;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      And 'neath the flag that proudly waves above a Nation free,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      They oft recall the missing braves who fought with Grant and Lee.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      They sleep among the tender grass, they slumber 'neath the pines,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      They're camping in the mountain pass where crouched the serried lines;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      They <span class="pagenum">[366]</span><a name="link366" id="link366"></a>rest
+      where loud the tempests blow, destructive in their glee&mdash;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      The men who followed long ago the swords of Grant and Lee.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      Their graves are lying side by side where once they met as foes,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      And where they in the wildwood died springs up a blood-red rose;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      O'er them the bee on golden wing doth flit, and in yon tree
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      A gentle robin seems to sing to them of Grant and Lee.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      To-day no strifes of sections rise, to-day no shadows fall
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      Upon our land, and 'neath the skies one flag waves over all;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      The Blue and Gray as comrades stand, as comrades bend the knee,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      And ask God's blessings on the land that gave us Grant and Lee.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      So long as southward, wide and clear, Potomac's river runs,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      Their deeds will live because they were Columbia's hero sons;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      So long as bend the Northern pines, and blooms the orange tree,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      The swords will shine that led the lines of valiant Grant and Lee.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      Methinks I hear a bugle blow, methinks I hear a drum;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      And there, with martial step and slow, two ghostly armies come;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      They are the men who met as foes, for 'tis the dead I see,
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      And side by side in peace repose the swords of Grant and Lee.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br />
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      Above them let Old Glory wave, and let each deathless star
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      Forever shine upon the brave who lead the ranks of war;
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      Their fame resounds from coast to coast, from mountain top to sea
+    </p>
+    <p class="indent5">
+      No other land than ours can boast the swords of Grant and Lee!
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /> <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0248" id="linkimage-0248"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0376m.jpg" alt="0376m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0376.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0058" id="link2H_4_0058"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      WAR WITH SPAIN.
+    </h2>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0249" id="linkimage-0249"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="figleft" style="width:20%;">
+      <img src="images/9377.jpg" alt="9377 " width="100%" /><br /><a
+      href="images/9377.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </div>
+    <p>
+      NLY <span class="pagenum">[367]</span><a name="link367" id="link367"></a>those
+      who know the power of peace can realize the dread of war. For four
+      centuries Spain has borne down upon her colonies, with a heavy hand. The
+      brightest of them, Cuba, &ldquo;the Pearl of the Antilles,&rdquo; has been the victim
+      of two cruel and merciless wars at her hands, waged with relentless
+      barbarity. We could not, as a Christian nation, help protesting against
+      her inhumanity to a people whose home was so near our shores.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      For thirty years the sounds of war had been silent in our domain, but
+      justice demanded that we interfere in behalf of a people who are
+      struggling against oppression, and in the noble cause of humanity. Spain's
+      cruelty and Spain's greed are matters of history.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0059" id="link2H_4_0059"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      THE MAINE DISASTER.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">O</span>n the 25th of
+      January the Maine, an American battleship, entered the harbor of Havana,
+      Cuba, and anchored in her waters at a spot indicated by the harbor-master.
+      The usual exchange of salutes and formal visits expected between two
+      powers, took place, and there was no apparent unfriendliness shown. Just
+      three weeks from that day, in the evening of the 15th of February, an
+      explosion took place, which tore the boat to atoms, killing 266 of her
+      crew and two officers. At once treachery was suspected, <span
+      class="pagenum">[368]</span><a name="link368" id="link368"></a>but the
+      American people was asked to suspend its judgment until the long and
+      searching investigation which was conducted by the naval board of inquiry
+      was ended, when every evidence was produced proving that the awful
+      calamity was due wholly to Spanish treachery.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This led to a severing of all diplomatic relations, which was ended by the
+      Spanish minister's request for his passport. Spain declared war upon the
+      United States on April 24, 1898, and it took the House of Representatives
+      one minute and forty-one seconds to pass a declaration of war in reply to
+      Spain, and the Senate acted with equal promptness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Events of such vast importance have rarely followed each other with such
+      rapidity as have those of our late war with Spain. In less than three
+      months a nation which deemed itself invincible, threw down the gauntlet
+      which was as speedily picked up, and engagements and battles trod almost
+      upon each other's heels, until its boast was proved a vain one, and
+      victory was ours.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Our people were ready to accept the challenge. From North and South came
+      the glad response. Once more the blue and the gray fought side by side, as
+      brothers.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0060" id="link2H_4_0060"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      THE FIRST GUN FIRED.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">O</span>ur history would
+      be incomplete if I did not tell my young readers who fired the first shot
+      in our war with Spain. The United States cruiser, Nashville, of the North
+      Atlantic squadron at Key West, can lay proud claim to that honor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was a clear and beautiful morning in April when the American fleet left
+      Key West, and proceeding southward across the straits of Florida, first
+      saw the city of Havana and the battlements of the famous Morro Castle, on
+      the afternoon of the same day. The fleet presented a gallant sight, and
+      when at three in the morning Admiral Sampson's flagship, the New York,
+      flashed forth her signal lights, the answering signals were given from all
+      the ships of the fleet, black smoke began to pour from the smokestacks,
+      and the crews needed no further hint that they had work before them. <span
+      class="pagenum">[369]</span><a name="link369" id="link369"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0250" id="linkimage-0250"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0379m.jpg" alt="0379m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0379.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[370]</span><a name="link370" id="link370"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0251" id="linkimage-0251"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0380m.jpg" alt="0380m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0380.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <span class="pagenum">[371]</span><a name="link371" id="link371"></a>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0252" id="linkimage-0252"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0381m.jpg" alt="0381m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0381.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      These volunteers in company with the Sixteenth and Sixth Regiments were
+      ordered to &ldquo;charge the Block House'&rdquo; and up the hill they charged with
+      military precision.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After <span class="pagenum">[372]</span><a name="link372" id="link372"></a>the
+      Nashville returned to Key West, the rest of the squadron proceeded to the
+      Cuban coast. Coming within fifteen miles of Morro Castle, the fleet
+      scattered so as to form a complete blockade of the port. Every day brought
+      new prizes to our squadron, and the blockade of Havana proved effectual.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is well to call the attention of the boys to a few of the changes in
+      phraseology between the old sea terms and the new. Once in the English
+      navy (and ours was modeled after it) the term admiral was unknown&mdash;the
+      word constable or justice was used. So with the title of captain, which is
+      in reality a military one. In the earlier times this personage was called
+      a master. The term commodore we have borrowed from that very nation with
+      whom we have just measured arms&mdash;the Spanish, and comes from their
+      word <i>comendador</i>. Cadets were not known by that name, but were
+      called volunteers. Another item which furnishes food for reflection, is
+      the origin of the United States navy. On October 13, 1775, the continental
+      congress voted to fit out two vessels, one to carry ten guns, the other
+      fourteen, for the purpose of taking English supply vessels. The same month
+      it added two more vessels to its extensive equipment. On March 27, 1794,
+      after our troubles with the Algerine pirates, six frigates were ordered,
+      each to carry thirty-two guns. Congress appropriated $700,000 for the
+      purpose of organizing a navy. Compare this feeble beginning with our
+      splendid navy of to-day.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It is proper to explain here what the practice of nations is with regard
+      to prize money. It is a strict rule of war that neutral powers must not
+      interfere nor give help to either party that is engaged in a war. To
+      furnish ships, ammunition, or supplies is a grave offence, and all such
+      goods are termed &ldquo;contraband of war.&rdquo; <span class="pagenum">[373]</span><a
+      name="link373" id="link373"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0253" id="linkimage-0253"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0383m.jpg" alt="0383m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0383.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Any boat at sea suspected of carrying &ldquo;contraband&rdquo; articles can be
+      searched, but properly commissioned vessels only can perform this duty.
+      Another thing which will subject a vessel to being seized or confiscated
+      is an attempt at blockade running, or trying to pass the line established
+      by the war vessels stationed in an entrance to a harbor or along the
+      coast. These are <span class="pagenum">[374]</span><a name="link374"      id="link374"></a>rules of war common to all nations, and must be rigidly
+      observed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All neutral governments are notified that such blockade exists, and
+      exactly how far it extends. But &ldquo;paper blockades,&rdquo; or the mere declaration
+      that a blockade is in force, are of no account. At the treaty of Paris, in
+      1856, the powers declared that &ldquo;blockades, in order to be binding, must be
+      effective,&rdquo; or in plainer words, a force must actually be stationed on the
+      blockaded ground strong enough to make it dangerous to attempt to pass it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Prize money&rdquo; sounds very tempting, and its meaning will be given. When a
+      war is in progress properly commissioned ships are empowered to capture
+      not only the armed vessels of the enemy, but its merchantmen as well.
+      These vessels are taken to the country of their captors, the courts pass
+      judgment upon their value, and if it is proven to be a lawful prize, it is
+      sold, and the proceeds is called &ldquo;prize money,&rdquo; and is awarded to the
+      captors, the officers and crew, in proportion to their rank.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The prize money adjudged to them is thus given out in the following
+      manner:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;1. The commander of a fleet or squadron, one-twentieth part prize money
+      awarded to any vessel or vessels under his immediate command.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;2. To the commander of a division of a fleet or squadron, a sum equal to
+      one-fiftieth of any prize money awarded to a vessel of the division under
+      his command, to be paid from the moiety due the United States, if there be
+      such moiety; if not, from the amount awarded the captors.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;3. To the fleet captain, one-hundredth part of all prize money awarded to
+      any vessel of the fleet in which he is serving, in which case he shall
+      share in proportion to his pay, with the other officers and men on board
+      such vessel.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;4. To the commander of a single vessel, one-tenth of all the prize money
+      awarded to the vessel. <span class="pagenum">[375]</span><a name="link375"      id="link375"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0254" id="linkimage-0254"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0385m.jpg" alt="0385m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0385.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;5. After the foregoing deductions, the residue is distributed among the
+      others doing duty on board, and borne upon the <span class="pagenum">[376]</span><a
+      name="link376" id="link376"></a>books of the ship, in proportion to their
+      respective rates of pay.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;All vessels of the navy within signal distance of the vessel making the
+      capture, and in such condition as to be able to render, effective aid if
+      required, will share, in the prize. Any person temporarily absent from his
+      vessel may share in the captures made during his absence. The prize court
+      determines what vessel shall share in a prize, and also whether a prize
+      was superior or inferior to the vessel or vessels making the capture.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The share of prize money awarded to the United States is set apart
+      forever as a fund for the payment of pensions to naval officers, seamen
+      and marines entitled to pensions.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      On April 27 our forces bombarded the important city of Matanzas, a rich
+      and flourishing point, the outlet of the agricultural districts. April 29
+      the city of Cienfuegos yielded to our shells, and on the 30th of April the
+      frowning batteries of Cabanas were attacked.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0061" id="link2H_4_0061"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      DEWEY'S VICTORY AT MANILA.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">T</span>he first great
+      naval battle of the war took place on the 1st of May. Those whose opinion
+      was considered valuable, declared that on this battle depended the result
+      of the war&mdash;some even prophesying that a victory here would
+      practically end it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Another matter which engrossed the attention of the governments abroad,
+      was the fact that this encounter would serve as a test of the merits of
+      the modern fighting machine. Should it prove all that was claimed for it,
+      then in truth, a new departure in naval warfare had come.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The eyes of the world were upon the fleet, which, under the command of
+      Commodore George Dewey, was hastening toward Manila, the capital of the
+      Philippines. Just after daylight, Sunday morning of May 1, Manila time, 6
+      p.m. Saturday, Chicago time, the Olympia opened fire, when two miles away
+      from the enemy. As she drew nearer, she trained every battery upon the
+      Spanish fleet, with deadly effect. When the battle was almost decided, the
+      Reina Christina came out to engage our flagship. <span class="pagenum">[377]</span><a
+      name="link377" id="link377"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0255" id="linkimage-0255"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0387m.jpg" alt="0387m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0387.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      She <span class="pagenum">[378]</span><a name="link378" id="link378"></a>advanced
+      with great bravery, but to no purpose. The big guns on the Olympia struck
+      her fore and aft, totally wrecking her and setting fire to her magazine.
+      The Spanish Admiral, Montejo, was standing on the bridge of his boat, when
+      it was shot from under him. The Spanish sailors escaped into their boats,
+      fleeing from the burning ship. Montejo carried his pennant to the
+      Castilla, but five minutes after that ship was set on fire by the shells.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After two hours' hard fighting, a rest was taken, when the attack was
+      renewed, and at the expiration of a half hour the long-dreaded and
+      much-boasted of Spanish fleet was a name only&mdash;nothing was left to
+      tell the tale of her greatness save the transport Manila.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This battle was fought off Cavite, ten miles to the southwest of Manila.
+      The Spanish fleet, of which so much was predicted by Spain, and which met
+      with such a crushing defeat, consisted of the following vessels: Reina
+      Mercedes, cruiser; Reina Christina, cruiser; Isla de Cuba, cruiser; Isla
+      de Luzon, cruiser; Castilla, cruiser; Don Antonio De Ulloa, cruiser; Don
+      Juan de Austria, cruiser; Velasco, cruiser; Elcano, gunboat; General Lezo,
+      gunboat; Marquis del Duero, gunboat; Quiros, gunboat; Villalobos, torpedo
+      gunboat; General Alava, transport; Cebu, transport; Manila, transport;
+      Isla de Mindanao, converted cruiser.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The United States fleet was composed of the Olympia, (flagship),
+      first-class cruiser, Captain C. N. Gridley; Baltimore, protected cruiser,
+      Captain N. M. Dyer; Boston, protected cruiser, Captain Frank Wildes;
+      Raleigh, protected cruiser, Captain J. B. Coghlan; Concord, gunboat,
+      Commander Asa Walker; Petrel, gunboat, Commander E. P. Wood; McCulloch,
+      dispatch boat; Nanshan, collier; Zafiro, collier. The magnificent victory
+      of the American Admiral has made his name famous. His achievement is
+      unparalleled in naval annals, and entitles him to the proud rank of being
+      the greatest of fleet commanders, a worthy pupil of his invincible
+      teacher, David G. Farragut. <span class="pagenum">[379]</span><a
+      name="link379" id="link379"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0256" id="linkimage-0256"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0389m.jpg" alt="0389m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0389.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The gratitude and admiration of the nation are his. President <span
+      class="pagenum">[380]</span><a name="link380" id="link380"></a>McKinley,
+      as a fitting acknowledgment of his splendid deed, at once appointed him
+      Rear Admiral in the United States Navy, with access of pay.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When the Stars and Stripes were hoisted over the Philippine capital, the
+      rejoicings at home were unbounded. But when the news reached Spain, it
+      produced a contrary effect; the indignation of that power was profound. An
+      uprising of the people was feared, and the governors of all provinces were
+      ordered to place them under martial law at the first serious outbreak. The
+      cable at Manila was cut by orders of Admiral Dewey, and thus the court at
+      Madrid was kept in uncertainty as to what was actually transpiring.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The victory so bravely won was but the predecessor of others which gave
+      every true American a thrill of pride. Admiral Sampson, commander of the
+      North Atlantic squadron, arrived at San Juan de Puerto Rico on the 12th of
+      May, making an early call, as he commenced operations before sunrise,
+      bombarding the fortifications. The first shot was fired from the Iowa,
+      captained by Bob Evans (&ldquo;Fighting Bob&rdquo;), and it was followed by the
+      Indiana.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      From the halyards of the flagship New York the signal flashed forth&mdash;&ldquo;Remember
+      the Maine!&rdquo; The big guns pealed forth seven shots, and the works felt
+      their force. Fort Morro was left full of gaps, where the shells had struck
+      it, and torn away the masonry. The frightened populace fled to the
+      interior, beyond the range of the guns. Word had been sent ahead by the
+      commander of the American squadron that the works were to be attacked,
+      thus giving the non-combatants a chance to seek safety. <span
+      class="pagenum">[381]</span><a name="link381" id="link381"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0257" id="linkimage-0257"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0391m.jpg" alt="0391m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0391.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The first blood on our side was shed at Cardenas, May 12. After a short
+      encounter of thirty-five minutes between the torpedo boat Winslow, the tug
+      Hudson and the gunboat Wilmington on the American side, and the batteries
+      at Cardenas and four Spanish gunboats, our arms were again victorious.
+      Five Americans fell in this engagement. Ensign Worth Bagley of the
+      Winslow, a brave North Carolinian, was the first officer to yield up <span
+      class="pagenum">[382]</span><a name="link382" id="link382"></a>his life.
+      It is stated that even after the Winslow's starboard engine and steering
+      gear were useless, the crew kept hurling shot at the Spaniards on shore,
+      until she was totally disabled.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On the next day, May 13, the Flying Squadron left Hampton Roads, and made
+      Key West on the 18th. Santiago was the intended point of attack, and on
+      the 18th also Admiral Sampson thought it time to turn his attention to
+      that place. The second squadron sent out by Spain, under Cervera, lay at
+      that time in the harbor of Santiago, in fancied security.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0062" id="link2H_4_0062"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      ROOSEVELT'S ROUGH RIDERS.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">O</span>n Friday, June 24,
+      a desperate engagement took place between four troops of the First
+      Cavalry, four of the Tenth and eight of Roosevelt's &ldquo;Rough Riders,&rdquo; who
+      attacked a force of 2,000 Spanish soldiers, twice their number, and
+      sixteen men were killed, among whom were Captain Allyn M. Capron and
+      Hamilton Fish, Jr., belonging to the Rough Riders.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Rough Riders followed the trail over steep hills that towered many
+      hundred feet high. The weather was intensely warm, and each man carried
+      200 rounds of ammunition and his heavy camp equipment. On they toiled up
+      the narrow path, often so narrow that they could only go in single file,
+      while the sharp thorns of the prickly cactus tore and scratched them as
+      they passed through the thick underbrush.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      As the day grew hotter they threw away blankets and tent rolls, and even
+      emptied their canteens. Soon they heard a call like a cuckoo. Every man
+      was on the alert. They knew now that Spaniards were near, for that was
+      their cry. A charge was ordered, and they dashed into the thicket. The
+      rush was so sudden and bold that a panic ensued among the Spanish
+      soldiers, and after fighting about an hour, they fled, firing as they ran,
+      leaving fifty dead upon the field. <span class="pagenum">[383]</span><a
+      name="link383" id="link383"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0258" id="linkimage-0258"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0393m.jpg" alt="0393m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0393.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      The crack of the Mauser rifles was heard, and the leaves flew from the
+      trees and chips from the fence post were showered over the heads of the
+      Rough Riders. The fire was a heavy one. Sergeant Fish was the first man to
+      fall on our side&mdash;shot through the <span class="pagenum">[384]</span><a
+      name="link384" id="link384"></a>heart. Although the enemy was but 200
+      yards away, yet they were so securely hidden in the brush that only a
+      glimpse of them now and then could be seen. Colonel Wood showed remarkable
+      coolness, walking along the lines as he gave orders. Lieutenant Roosevelt
+      rushed into the thicket cheering his men on, who were as anxious as he to
+      reach the hidden foe. Captain Capron held his revolver in hand, and sent
+      several of the Spaniards to the ground. Suddenly his weapon dropped from
+      his hands and he fell, shot through the body. With his dying breath he
+      cried&mdash;&ldquo;Don't mind me, boys, go on and fight.&rdquo; After fifteen minutes
+      more, of hot fighting Lieutenant Roosevelt ordered his men back, and just
+      missed a bullet which buried itself in a tree alongside his head. The
+      Spaniards fell back, and ran down one hill and up another to the
+      blockhouse, it was supposed with the intention of making a stand there.
+      Instantly the Americans followed them closely, and poured a storm of
+      bullets into the blockhouse; the Spaniards fled in haste, and the battle
+      was over. This was the first battle which the Rough Riders had taken part
+      in, and they proved their valor and bravery in a brilliant manner.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0063" id="link2H_4_0063"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      HOBSON MADE FAMOUS.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">O</span>ne of the most
+      brilliant exhibitions of pure, unselfish courage ever exhibited was the
+      act of Lieutenant Richmond P. Hobson. That officer, who was assistant
+      naval constructor, had succeeded in convincing Admiral Sampson that there
+      was but one way to prevent Admiral Cervera's escape. His daring scheme
+      gave the fleet of the Spanish admiral its death blow. Under the direction
+      of Admiral Sampson he volunteered to take the collier Merrimac into the
+      channel leading into the harbor, and sink it, so as to prevent his escape
+      with his ships; In other words, he literally &ldquo;bottled&rdquo; the unlucky Admiral
+      up. <span class="pagenum">[385]</span><a name="link385" id="link385"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0259" id="linkimage-0259"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0395m.jpg" alt="0395m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0395.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      He needed but six men to help him accomplish his purpose. Admiral Sampson
+      explained to the brave sailors that it was a desperate mission, that death
+      was almost certain, and yet when only six volunteers were asked for, over
+      1,000 responded, anxious, glad <span class="pagenum">[386]</span><a
+      name="link386" id="link386"></a>to be of service to the cause. Tears
+      filled their eyes as they begged for the honor of going with the brave
+      commander who had been chosen for the perilous undertaking, and dying, if
+      need be. It was a gallant deed, and as the Merrimac steamed into the
+      channel, a furious cannonading from the Spanish forts greeted their
+      coming, but on they went into the &ldquo;very jaws of death,&rdquo; and amid shot and
+      shell Lieutenant Hobson went to the point indicated by Admiral Sampson,
+      anchored, and swung across the channel. Then a hole was blown in the
+      ship's bottom, and a dash was made for a boat. They were loudly cheered by
+      the Spaniards, who were lost in admiration of their heroism, and Cervera
+      himself, although he took them prisoners, sent a flag of truce to Admiral
+      Sampson, by his chief of staff, Captain Oviedo, in honor of their bravery,
+      offering to exchange them without delay for Spanish prisoners in the hands
+      of the United States.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The names of the gallant men who offered their lives so freely were&mdash;Daniel
+      Montague, George Charette, J. E. Murphy, Oscar Deignan, John P. Phillips,
+      and John Kelly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After being kept prisoners from June 2 until July 6, Lieutenant Hobson and
+      the six men who were made prisoners with him, were surrendered by the
+      Spanish military authorities in exchange for prisoners which we held.
+      Captain Chadwick, of the New York, escorted them through our lines. The
+      soldiers were wild with joy, and paid no attention to discipline or order,
+      so anxious were they to see the heroes of the Merrimac, whom they wildly
+      cheered. Lieutenant Hobson talked very little about his experiences, but
+      said the Spanish authorities had treated them well, and their health was
+      excellent.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The bombardment of Santiago's forts was vigorously kept up. On the 22d and
+      23d General Shafter landed at Baiquiri, and moved toward Santiago. He
+      attacked the Spanish outposts July 1, and a fierce fight raged all day. He
+      demanded the surrender of the latter place. General Lawton carried the
+      heights of San Juan, after a determined charge.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0064" id="link2H_4_0064"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      DESTRUCTION OF CERVERA'S FLEET.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">A</span>nother <span
+      class="pagenum">[387]</span><a name="link387" id="link387"></a>notable
+      victory, and one of the greatest naval battles ever recorded, was the
+      total destruction of Cervera's proud fleet, which was accomplished by
+      Commodore Schley, on the 3d of July. The American fleet's commander,
+      Sampson, was absent conferring with General Shafter regarding future
+      movements. Meantime the government at Madrid realized that the city must
+      fall sooner or later, and it had ordered Cervera to make one bold dash out
+      of the harbor. This he attempted to do, but was received so warmly by
+      Schley that in two hours the &ldquo;invincible&rdquo; fleet of the Spanish admiral was
+      a series of wrecks, strewn along the beach for fifty miles, with a loss of
+      600 killed, and 1,100 prisoners taken by our forces, among whom was
+      Cervera himself. The attempted escape was made with great courage on the
+      part of the Spaniards, who fought to the last, and when hope was gone,
+      threw themselves upon the mercy of their captors, who accorded them
+      protection from the Cuban insurgents who had watched the battle in all its
+      terrible earnestness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0065" id="link2H_4_0065"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      SURRENDER OF SANTIAGO.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">S</span>antiago had not
+      yet yielded, however, and on the 10th of July bombardment of that town was
+      resumed.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The 14th of July saw the long-expected surrender of Santiago to General
+      Shafter, and at 12 o'clock noon, the glorious Stars and Stripes were
+      hoisted over the Governor's palace, and we held the situation. The
+      American general rode into the city escorted by the Second Cavalry. The
+      people were very quiet, many of them even showing satisfaction at the
+      event. Courtesies were exchanged between the Spanish and American
+      officers, and General Shafter returned to General Toral his sword. The
+      Spanish flag was displaced by the American&mdash;the eternal symbol of
+      liberty.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      On the 26th of July the Spanish government made overtures for peace,
+      through the French ambassador, M. Cambon, who called on our President and
+      by proper authority stated that Spain <span class="pagenum">[388]</span><a
+      name="link388" id="link388"></a>was willing to treat with the United
+      States, and would like to consider terms. After discussing the proposal
+      with the Cabinet, President McKinley notified the French ambassador of his
+      ultimatum. The terms of the protocol were these:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;1. That Spain will relinquish all claims of sovereignty over or title to
+      Cuba.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;2. That Puerto Rico and other Spanish islands in the West Indies, and an
+      island in the Ladrones, to be selected by the United States, shall be
+      ceded to the latter.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;3. That the United States will occupy and hold the city, bay, and harbor
+      of Manila pending the conclusion of a treaty of peace which shall
+      determine the control, disposition and government of the Philippines.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;4. That Cuba, Puerto Rico, and other Spanish islands in the West Indies
+      shall be immediately evacuated, and that commissioners to be appointed
+      within ten days shall, within thirty days from the signing of the
+      protocol, meet at Havana and San Juan, respectively, to arrange and
+      execute the details of the evacuation.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;5. That the United States and Spain will each appoint not more than five
+      commissioners to negotiate and conclude a treaty of peace. The
+      commissioners are to meet at Paris not later than the 1st of October.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;6. On the signing of the protocol hostilities will be suspended, and
+      notice to that effect will be given as soon as possible by each government
+      to the commanders of its military and naval forces.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      The government of Spain sought to evade the payment of the Cuban debt, but
+      President McKinley was firm, and declined to discuss the matter until
+      Spain had accepted his ultimatum. Days passed before our government
+      received notification through M. Cambon that the Spanish ministry had
+      approved of his management of the negotiations, and he had been authorized
+      to sign the protocol. At 4:33 of the same day the agreement was signed by
+      Secretary of State Day on behalf of the United States, and M. Cambon, of
+      France, on behalf of Spain. <span class="pagenum">[389]</span><a
+      name="link389" id="link389"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0260" id="linkimage-0260"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0399m.jpg" alt="0399m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0399.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Our <span class="pagenum">[390]</span><a name="link390" id="link390"></a>President
+      at once issued a proclamation stating that the United States and Spain had
+      formally agreed upon terms for negotiations through which peace between
+      the two countries should be established, and official orders were sent to
+      the various commanders of the forces of the United States, that all
+      military operations be suspended.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0066" id="link2H_4_0066"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      SURRENDER OF MANILA.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">B</span>ut the latter
+      order did not reach Admiral Dewey in time to prevent his adding more
+      luster to his name by uniting his naval forces with the land forces of
+      General Merritt.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      July 31 a battle was waged at Malate, a small town half way between Cavite
+      and Manila. Here General Greene was posted with 4,000 men. Our troops were
+      strengthening their position, when the Spaniards attempted to give the
+      Americans a surprise. The rain was pouring down in sheets, the typhoon was
+      raging furiously, and it seemed a most auspicious time for the attack.
+      Three thousand Spaniards were massed in the vicinity. They forced the
+      American pickets in, and assaulted the soldiers in the trenches. But they
+      did not know the men they attacked. The Tenth Pennsylvania stood their
+      ground, and were reinforced by the First California and two companies of
+      the Third Artillery. The mud was up to the axles, the rain and wind raged
+      wildly, and the enemy was on top of the trenches, while they sent a
+      withering fire into the ranks of the Americans, who never wavered, but
+      returned it with earnestness.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Spaniards retreated in confusion, but were not pursued, as our
+      infantry had exhausted its ammunition. The scene was a thrilling one.
+      Darkness covered the earth, save when a flash of lightning lit up the
+      faces of the dead and wounded, who lay side by side, in the trenches half
+      filled with water which was red with their blood. Not a cry was heard from
+      the lips of the wounded, but they spoke words of cheer to those who were
+      still able to fight.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The fighting began again August 1, but the enemy kept at long range. The
+      next night they made another attack, but were repulsed, <span
+      class="pagenum">[391]</span><a name="link391" id="link391"></a>with severe
+      loss, 350 killed, 900 wounded, while we lost fourteen, and forty-four
+      wounded.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      August 8, Admiral Dewey and General Merritt notified the authorities in
+      Manila that unless they surrendered the city to them in forty-eight hours
+      a combined attack by the land and naval forces might be expected. When
+      that time had expired the Spanish officials asked one day more so that
+      they might remove the women and children, which request was granted.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When the foreign warships were appraised of the intended attack, they
+      prudently got out of range. The English and Japanese warships joined our
+      fleet at Cavite, while the French and German ships went to the north of
+      the city, where they were safe. At 9:35 on Saturday, the 13th, a shell was
+      fired from the Olympia and hissed dangerously near the fort at Malate. The
+      other boats began a rapid fire upon the intrenchments. A few feeble
+      replies came from the Spaniards.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The battle was short. In half an hour General Greene ordered an advance,
+      and six companies of a colored regiment sprang over the breastworks and
+      sought the shelter of some hedges about 300 yards from the Spanish lines.
+      Then the remaining six companies moved along the shore, partly hid by a
+      ridge of sand and at 11 o'clock were in the stronghold.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      At this critical moment 2,000 Spanish soldiers came on the scene, but they
+      did not engage the Americans. As soon as the white flag was seen, General
+      Merritt, who had made the steamer Zafiro his headquarters, sent General
+      Whittier, with flag lieutenant Brumby to meet the captain general and
+      discuss a plan of capitulation. The terms were agreed to by Jaudenes, and
+      were as follows:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;An agreement for the capitulation of the Philippines:
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;A provision for disarming the men who remain organized under the command
+      of their officers, no parole being exacted.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Necessary supplies to be furnished from the captured treasury funds, any
+      possible deficiency being made good by the Americans.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The <span class="pagenum">[392]</span><a name="link392" id="link392"></a>safety
+      of life and property of the Spanish soldiers and citizens to be guaranteed
+      as far as possible.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;The question of transporting the troops to Spain to be referred to
+      decision of the Washington government, and that of returning their arms to
+      the soldiers to be left to the discretion of General Merritt.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      &ldquo;Banks and similar institutions to continue operations under existing
+      regulations, unless these are changed by the United States authorities.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      At once Lieutenant Brumby hastened away to take down the Spanish flag. Two
+      signal men accompanied him. At Fort Santiago, in the north part of the
+      city, they, were vigorously hissed when the flag of Spain was hauled down,
+      and the flag of the free rose grandly in its place.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This day's battle resulted in a loss on the American side of eight killed
+      and thirty-four wounded, while the Spanish had 150 killed and 300 wounded.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The Americans captured 11,000 prisoners, 7,000 of them being regulars;
+      20,000 Mauser rifles, 3,000 Remingtons, eighteen modern cannon, and many
+      of the old pattern.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Thus ended a war which has covered us with glory&mdash;a war we did not
+      invite, but which was forced upon us in the interests of humanity; a war
+      which has taught European nations to respect us as a great power. May it
+      be the last which our nation is drawn into. May the dawn of peace herald
+      the day when wars shall be no more; when wise counsels and generous
+      arbitration shall decide questions of moment between nations.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      War has a terrible meaning; it means desolated homes, and bitter tears
+      shed for those who come not; it means angry passions and cruel expressions
+      of them; it means want and suffering and the humiliation of defeat for one
+      side or the other. May the days of rancor end forever! <span
+      class="pagenum">[393]</span><a name="link393" id="link393"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0261" id="linkimage-0261"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0403m.jpg" alt="0403m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0403.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0067" id="link2H_4_0067"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      ANNEXATION OF HAWAII.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">I</span>n connection with
+      the war so recently concluded, we should mention the annexation of the
+      Hawaiian Islands, a measure which <span class="pagenum">[394]</span><a
+      name="link394" id="link394"></a>has been agitated for many years, and the
+      conflict only increased the sentiment in favor of making them part and
+      parcel of our Republic.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The islands comprise a group of eight, and were discovered by Captain Cook
+      in 1788. They are important to us from their commercial value, and also
+      from their strategic uses, and the necessity for a closer relation has
+      been recognized by nearly every President and Secretary of State through
+      all the successive administrations.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      After many long and arduous debates, the vote for and against annexation
+      was taken by Congress, and an overwhelming majority declared in favor of
+      annexation, and Hayti with her vast commerce, her rich agricultural
+      productions became a member of our great body politic, and on Friday,
+      August 12, the American flag waved over Honolulu, the capital of the new
+      &ldquo;Territory of Hawaii.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0068" id="link2H_4_0068"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      PUERTO RICO.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">T</span>he city of
+      Santiago had not yet fallen. Bombarding had, however, long since ceased,
+      and negotiations for the peaceful surrender of the city had been going on
+      for several days, when General Miles arrived and assumed personal command
+      of the army that was massed there. General Shafter of our forces and
+      General Toral, of the Spanish, could not easily agree as to terms, but on
+      the 16th the conditions of surrender were decided upon. By this agreement,
+      about 5,000 square miles, the capital of the province and the entire army
+      of Toral, fell to our share.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Santiago was ours. The ceremony sealing the surrender was impressive,
+      though simple. Early as 9 o'clock the division and brigade commanders
+      reported to General Shafter, and all took up the line of march toward the
+      city. About halfway, under a lofty tree, General Toral with some of his
+      officers awaited their coming. As General Shafter approached this tree the
+      Spanish general raised his hat with dignified politeness, and the American
+      general returned the bow. Quickly the soldiers of the Spanish side came
+      through the hedge, preceded by the king's guard, 200 <span class="pagenum">[395]</span><a
+      name="link395" id="link395"></a>strong, <span class="pagenum">[396]</span><a
+      name="link396" id="link396"></a>while two trumpeters and a color bearer
+      led the column. Marching and countermarching they halted in front of our
+      men, and only ten yards away.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0262" id="linkimage-0262"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0405m.jpg" alt="0405m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0405.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      Thus they stood, curiosity and excitement plainly visible in their faces,
+      although they were motionless as statues. The trumpets then rang out, a
+      Spanish officer gave a word of command; their colors were lowered to
+      salute ours, they presented arms and their officers removed their hats.
+      Captain Brett gave the word, &ldquo;Present sabers,&rdquo; and downward flashed our
+      sabers. General Shafter removed his hat, as did his staff. The stillness
+      of the morning air was broken by the command of the officer in charge of
+      the king's guard, they filed past our soldiers, who presented arms until
+      the last man of the guard had gone by. Then the Spaniards marched toward
+      Santiago, stacked their rifles which were of the Mauser pattern, and then,
+      with neither arms nor flags, went back to their camp. Thus ended
+      hostilities around Santiago.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Early in July the yellow fever began to attack the men of Shafter's army,
+      but it was of a mild type, but it would have done incalculable injury had
+      not the officers of the Fifth Army Corps addressed a protest to General
+      Shafter who sent it to the War Department at Washington. The officials
+      there hastened to transport the troops as fast as they could back to the
+      United States and sent &ldquo;immunes&rdquo; to Santiago to do garrison duty.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      An expedition commanded by Major General Nelson A. Miles left the bay of
+      Guantanamo July 21, and sailed for Puerto Rico, reaching the port of
+      Guanica July 25. This move was intended as a surprise, and a complete one
+      it was to the Spaniards, who did not dream of an army of invasion
+      attacking them. The naval part of the expedition comprised the Columbia,
+      Gloucester, Dixie and Yale, and was in charge of Captain F. J. Higginson.
+      General Miles was on board the Yale. The troops were carried by the
+      transports, of which there were eight. The Gloucester, with the
+      expectation that the harbor was full of mines, went pluckily in, and found
+      five fathoms of water very near shore. The first hint of an invading army
+      at their door, was <span class="pagenum">[397]</span><a name="link397"      id="link397"></a>the boom of a gun, demanding that the Spanish flag come
+      down, from a blockhouse east of the village.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      They took aim with the next two shots at the hills on either side of the
+      bay, so as not to injure the women and children. The Gloucester then laid
+      to, and sent a launch on shore, without being molested.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Quartermaster Beck sent Yeoman Lacy to haul down the obnoxious flag, and
+      up went our glorious Stars and Stripes, the first that ever floated over
+      the soil of Puerto Rico.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But the Spaniards, though apparently making no resistance, suddenly opened
+      fire with thirty Mauser rifles. Lieutenant Huse and his men, who had gone
+      ashore in the launch, returned the fire with telling effect, their Colt
+      gun being equal to the occasion.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Without waiting, the Gloucester opened fire with all her armament and
+      shelled the town. Lieutenant Huse put up a small fort, calling it Fort
+      Wainwright, and laid down barbed wire so as to repel the cavalry attack,
+      which he expected. A few of the cavalrymen joined those who were fighting,
+      but reinforcements had come for the Americans, and after some more
+      vigorous fighting, at 9:45, with the exception of a few scattering shots,
+      the town was won, and silence succeeded the din of battle.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The plans of General Miles had been faithfully carried out, and he went
+      ashore at noon. He next turned his eyes toward Ponce, determined to shell
+      that town if necessary. While he had given the inhabitants of Puerto Rico
+      a surprise, he received one in return at the hands of the people of Ponce,
+      for when the Wasp steamed up to the shore, instead of a force of soldiers
+      arrayed against them, they found everybody in town had turned out, and was
+      waiting to receive them with open arms. Ensign Curtin stepped nimbly on
+      the beach, as though he did not doubt their sincerity, and was surrounded
+      by people forcing presents upon him and his men, and saluting them with
+      shouts of welcome.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      A message was sent to the Spanish commander demanding that the town
+      surrender, and Colonel San Martin acceded at once upon General Miles'
+      assurance that the garrison should be allowed <span class="pagenum">[398]</span><a
+      name="link398" id="link398"></a>to leave, that the civil government be
+      permitted to continue its functions, that the police and fire brigade
+      patrolled without weapons, and that the captain of the post should not be
+      held a prisoner.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      These conditions were reasonable enough, and were acceded to, and the
+      rejoicings of the populace were enthusiastic. It was a genuine ovation,
+      and more like a grand festive occasion than the surrender of a town to a
+      foe.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When General Wilson landed, the local band played &ldquo;The Star Spangled
+      Banner.&rdquo; The celebration went on, even after the United States troops
+      landed. The people dressed in their finest garments as though it were a
+      holiday, and kept open house.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      General Miles issued a proclamation to the effect that our army came not
+      to devastate the land or to interfere with existing laws or customs, and
+      all that he required was obedience and order. He told them that the
+      military forces were brought there to overthrow the arms of Spain and to
+      give them the fullest amount of liberty consistent with the military.
+      occupation of their island.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      An invitation from the city officials at the city hall was given him, and
+      when he entered the park which surrounded it, the local band played &ldquo;See,
+      the Conquering Hero Comes,&rdquo; to which he responded by taking off his hat,
+      and saluting the vast crowd. The band then played several of our national
+      airs.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The news that peace was near was a disappointment to General Miles, as he
+      had planned a masterly movement with great care, and had it been carried
+      out it would have taught the Spaniards an invaluable lesson. Puerto Rico
+      was occupied with a very small loss&mdash;two killed and thirty-seven
+      wounded. <span class="pagenum">[399]</span><a name="link399" id="link399"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0263" id="linkimage-0263"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0409m.jpg" alt="0409m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0409.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0069" id="link2H_4_0069"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      GENERAL FITZHUGH LEE.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">W</span>hen a successor to
+      the Cuban consul-generalship was needed, President Cleveland selected
+      Fitzhugh Lee for this important post. The health of Ramon Williams, former
+      consul-general, had failed so visibly that he could no longer attend to
+      its arduous <span class="pagenum">[400]</span><a name="link400"      id="link400"></a>demands, and so in the spring of 1896 the choice of the
+      president fell upon Mr. Lee, as the most suitable man for the place.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Fitzhugh Lee was born in Stafford County, Virginia, in 1835, and came of
+      an illustrious family. His grandfather had served in the Revolutionary
+      war, being the famous &ldquo;Lighthorse Harry,&rdquo; and he himself was the nephew of
+      General Robert E. Lee&mdash;both of which facts insure the existence of
+      courage and tact in the subject of our present sketch. His wise and
+      patriotic administration of the duties of his office as consul won for him
+      in a very brief time the confidence and admiration of the entire country,
+      and the judgment of Mr. Cleveland was long since indorsed by it.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His father was an officer in the navy, but the young boy had no taste for
+      a sea-life&mdash;his leaning was toward the army. So to West Point he
+      went, from which he graduated in 1856 with a high record, and became a
+      lieutenant of cavalry on the frontier, for five years, repelling the
+      attacks of the Comanche Indians. He received an arrow in his lungs, in one
+      of these engagements, but youth and a good constitution prevailed, and he
+      recovered. He became an instructor in cavalry tactics at West Point, when
+      only twenty-six years of age. But when the civil war broke out, he
+      resigned his commission, and joined the fortunes of the confederacy, where
+      his record as a brave and dashing soldier is well known. It is said of him
+      that he always showed great coolness and composure, in times of battle,
+      never seeming to have any anxiety as to the result. His resolute and
+      daring demeanor was contagious, and he was much beloved by the men whom he
+      commanded.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He is a magnificent horseman. During the war of 1861 he owned a fine mare,
+      Nellie, a graceful creature, to whom he was much attached. She was struck
+      by a shell at the battle of Winchester, and a fragment of the same shell
+      tore her master's leg badly. <span class="pagenum">[401]</span><a
+      name="link401" id="link401"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0264" id="linkimage-0264"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0411m.jpg" alt="0411m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0411.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      All through the war he was a fearless, honest adversary, and when peace
+      came he retired to his native county, where he led <span class="pagenum">[402]</span><a
+      name="link402" id="link402"></a>the quiet, unpretending life of a farmer
+      and miller. He was married in 1871, and was peculiarly happy in his home,
+      devoted to his wife and children.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In 1875 he was persuaded to engage in political matters, and was sent to
+      the national convention of 1876 as a delegate. Ten years later he was
+      elected governor of Virginia and served to the complete satisfaction of
+      his people. His political record is as worthy of the man as was his
+      military, and no finer example of both can be found. When Mr. Cleveland
+      entered upon his second term he made Fitzhugh Lee collector of internal
+      revenue, at Lynchburg, Virginia. His official position at Havana remained
+      unchanged, when Mr. McKinley entered the executive chair, the latter being
+      well aware that no better example of what a brave, cultivated and
+      level-headed American gentleman should be, was afforded than by General
+      Lee. He was respected by the Spanish officials for his firmness in looking
+      after the interests of his countrymen, and his unvarying courtesy to every
+      one with whom he came in contact.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He was, however, treated with great rudeness on his farewell visit to the
+      Spanish Captain-General Blanco, that person refusing to see him, on the
+      pretext of being too busy. And when he entered the boat which was to bear
+      him to the steamer, the Spanish rabble at the docks showered insulting
+      epithets upon him, but with that dignity which is native to him, he paid
+      no attention to them, but made the remark that he would be back with
+      troops before long, to uphold him.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      All honor to General Lee. He has proven himself capable of self-control,
+      and the man who can govern himself, can govern others successfully. And we
+      trust that at some future day this gallant and chivalrous soldier may
+      receive some gift at the hands of the nation worthy of his ability.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0070" id="link2H_4_0070"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">T</span>o speak of this
+      brave sailor as a hero, is to utter but faint praise. He was born in
+      Montpelier, Vermont, sixty-one years ago, and was the youngest of three
+      boys. Not one of his elders could have <span class="pagenum">[403]</span><a
+      name="link403" id="link403"></a>foreseen, when he was a boy, how proud
+      they would become at a future day, of their young townsman. As a boy he
+      was full of mischief, loving adventure and ever ready for anything that
+      came along. In fact this great man was just like all other boys&mdash;he
+      felt the world was his, and all that was in it, to enjoy! At school he
+      proved himself an apt student, quick to comprehend his lessons, and a
+      ringleader in all kinds of sport, but hating anything small or mean in his
+      associates. He was also a great favorite with older people.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He came of a prominent family, his father being a doctor, and two of his
+      name, both nephews, are said to inherit much of the Dewey talent. When he
+      was a lad, the town of Montpelier was very small, but it had great
+      pretensions, as it was the capital of the State, and naturally attracted
+      the best elements of society, men and women of education and character,
+      the former of whom had been chosen to represent the people of the State in
+      her legislative halls. In such an atmosphere of culture young Dewey grew
+      into manhood, and to his early advantages (his parents holding high social
+      standing) he owes that polish of manner which he is said to possess in a
+      remarkable degree.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He was much of a reader when he was a youth, and the books he read were
+      upon naval matters. Sea stories and tales of travel were his delight. It
+      is told of him about this time, to show how little he waited for events to
+      shape themselves, that he planned to go on a fishing excursion with two
+      schoolmates. The hour was to be four in the morning, but he was not to be
+      found, and so they started for the river without him. When they reached
+      the fishing grounds he had been there two hours, and had an enormous
+      string of trout which he had caught. At the time the boys called it
+      unfair, but in telling it now, the narrator calls it a good evidence of
+      his habit of doing for himself, and not waiting for anyone's prompting. As
+      he expressed it,&mdash;&ldquo;You see he didn't wait till next morning before
+      going into Manila harbor.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <p>
+      His fondness for the water led him to spend his play hours on rafts and on
+      an old ferry which was not used by the town.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Once <span class="pagenum">[404]</span><a name="link404" id="link404"></a>he
+      thought he'd cross the ferry in an old leaky buggy of his father's. Not
+      being able to get the horse into the water, he took the box off the
+      running gear and tried to run it across as a boat. He came very near
+      drowning, and would have perished but for timely assistance.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His birthplace has sent forth many notable people, lawyers, doctors,
+      statesmen, but of all the renowned names she claims, her greatest boast is
+      that Commodore Dewey was born within her limits.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He was sent to the military school at Norwich, Vermont, at the age of
+      fifteen. Here he stayed two years, at the end of which he concluded that
+      he would rather enter the navy than be a land soldier. His father was a
+      man of influence, and easily got him appointed at Annapolis.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In the year 1858 he graduated, and passed three years of service aboard
+      ship before the war of 1861 broke out. He received his commission as
+      lieutenant on the 19th of April, 1861, a few days before Fort Sumter was
+      fired upon. He was sent at once to the steam sloop Mississippi, which
+      joined the West Gulf squadron, and he was with Admiral Farragut when that
+      gallant sailor forced an entrance to the Mississippi River.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The boat had a hot fight in March, 1863, when it tried to pass the
+      Confederate batteries at Port Hudson. A heavy fog prevailed, so dense not
+      an object could be seen; they lost their bearings, and ran into shore
+      right under the guns of one of their heaviest batteries. They were the
+      recipients of 250 shots, which tore the boat from one end to the other,
+      but the gloom of the fog proved a blessing, after all, as it enabled the
+      crew to take to their boats and escape, after setting their sloop on fire.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      In 1870 he was given his command, when he did good work on the
+      Narragansett. Until 1876 he surveyed the Pacific coast, when he became
+      inspector of lighthouses. <span class="pagenum">[405]</span><a
+      name="link405" id="link405"></a>
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br /><a name="linkimage-0265" id="linkimage-0265"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div class="fig" style="width:65%;">
+      <img src="images/0415m.jpg" alt="0415m " width="100%" /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h5>
+      <a href="images/0415.jpg"><i>Original</i></a>
+    </h5>
+    <p>
+      He commanded the Juniata in 1882-83, and was made a captain in September,
+      1884, when he took charge of the Dolphin. This boat was one of the four
+      vessels comprising the original &ldquo;White Squadron.&rdquo; Honors still flowed in
+      upon him, for the next <span class="pagenum">[406]</span><a name="link406"      id="link406"></a>year he took command of the Pensacola, belonging to the
+      European squadron, on which he stayed till 1888, when he was made chief of
+      the bureau of equipment and recruiting, as Commodore. This position he
+      filled until 1893, when he became a member of the lighthouse board.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      It was not until February 28, 1896, that he received the commission of
+      Commodore, and in January, 1898, he was placed in command of the Asiatic
+      squadron.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But it remained for him to eclipse all records in his daring fight at
+      Manila, which is probably the greatest naval battle ever fought, and ranks
+      its commander among those names that will never be forgotten. The action
+      was so brilliant, so decisive, that President McKinley named him for a
+      rear admiral in the United States Navy, and the Senate without a
+      dissenting voice confirmed the nomination. He deserved it richly, and
+      great as is the honor, still greater is the esteem, the love, the
+      gratitude of the American nation for this grandest of naval commanders&mdash;George
+      Dewey, the generous and manly conqueror on the sea.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0071" id="link2H_4_0071"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      ACTING REAR ADMIRAL SAMPSON.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">T</span>his distinguished
+      and gallant officer is a native of New York, he having been born at
+      Palmyra, that State, fifty-eight years ago.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He was a boy of very industrious habits. Loving the sea with ardor, his
+      sole ambition was to obtain a nautical education. But he was not rich in
+      this world's goods, and he could not go to Annapolis unless he could earn
+      the money in some way to pay for his training there. So he worked as
+      farmer's boy, raking hay and splitting rails, or doing any labor that
+      would bring him the coveted reward.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But though he was not rich, he had friends who admired his manly spirit,
+      and among them was Congressman E. B. Morgan, of New York, who used his
+      influence to get him appointed to the naval school toward which his eyes
+      so longingly turned. Here he proved worthy of the privilege, and when he
+      graduated <span class="pagenum">[407]</span><a name="link407" id="link407"></a>in
+      1860, when just twenty years of age, he held the rank of Lieutenant, and
+      was put on the frigate Potomac, where he became master, then executive
+      officer of the Patapsco. This boat met a hard fate, being blown up in the
+      harbor of Charleston in 1865.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His promotions came rapidly, first being made Lieutenant-Commander in the
+      navy, then Captain, and finally Acting Rear Admiral.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But it is not alone as a sea commander that he has won renown. He has
+      served as a member of the Board of Fortifications and Defences,
+      Superintendent of the Naval Academy at Annapolis, Chief of the Bureau of
+      Naval Ordinance, and he was also President of the Maine Board of Inquiry.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He does not enjoy the sweets of domestic life to any great extent, his
+      time on shore being so limited; but he is very happily married, and passes
+      all of his leisure with his wife, and sons and daughters, in his beautiful
+      home in Glenridge, New Jersey.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0072" id="link2H_4_0072"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      COMMODORE W. S. SCHLEY.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">A</span>mong the &ldquo;boys&rdquo; of
+      1861 may be mentioned Admiral Schley, whose deeds have given him a
+      world-wide fame. He was of the class of 1860. Winfield Scott Schley was a
+      midshipman in the early days of the civil war, and many are the comical
+      stories told of his youthful days&mdash;among others, was that this now
+      redoubtable commander was dubbed &ldquo;Peggy,&rdquo; owing to the &ldquo;trousers&rdquo; he wore
+      in those days, which were excessively peg-topped, or balloon-shaped.
+      Another story is that he had a very small foot, No. 5 fitting it easily.
+      Of this fact he was boyishly vain. He did duty on the Niagara at that
+      period, and his pranks were numerous, for he had a great love of fun, and
+      yet was a very orderly, well-disciplined sailor.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He graduated near the foot of his class, so he could not have been very
+      studious, however, his after career has been one series of brilliant
+      successes.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Commodore Schley was born near Frederick, Maryland, in 1839, and <span
+      class="pagenum">[408]</span><a name="link408" id="link408"></a>even as a
+      baby came under military influence, for his father, who had served in the
+      navy in the war of 1812, was very friendly with General Scott, and named
+      the child after that warrior. His early ancestors were stanch Huguenots,
+      coming to this country after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and
+      one of them was afterward a Governor of Georgia.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He entered the Naval Academy in 1856, remaining there till 1861. He was
+      given duty then, being assigned to the frigate Potomac, and a year later
+      received command of the Winona, which belonged to the blockading squadron
+      of the West Gulf. He knew real war, for he was in many skirmishes on the
+      Mississippi, and in July, 1862, became Lieutenant, serving with
+      distinction from 1864 to 1866 as executive officer of the Wateree, a steam
+      gunboat, at the Pacific station.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He received a gold medal from Congress, and the position of Chief of
+      Bureau of Equipment from President Arthur, afterward being made Captain,
+      for his bravery in rescuing Lieutenant Greeley and six others at Cape
+      Sabine, and carrying them safely home.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He wedded a lovely young woman, Miss Nannie Franklin, at that time the
+      belle of Annapolis. He has two sons, one Frank, an officer in the army,
+      the other, Winfield Scott Schley, Jr., is a physician of great repute in
+      New York City. His daughter, Virginia, is the wife of an Englishman of
+      position.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0073" id="link2H_4_0073"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      ENSIGN WORTH BAGLEY.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">L</span>ife is sweet to
+      all&mdash;especially so to the young. And yet it is sweeter to die for
+      one's country; to know that the last throb of the heart beat for the cause
+      of liberty and humanity. Such a fate was that of young Ensign Worth
+      Bagley, the first officer to fall in our late war with Spain. The life of
+      this young man was brief, to have achieved so much; he was only
+      twenty-four years old, having been born in Raleigh, North Carolina, on the
+      6th of April, 1874. Yet he had known in that short time all of life's
+      experiences&mdash;pleasure, pain and honors&mdash;all compressed into the
+      <span class="pagenum">[409]</span><a name="link409" id="link409"></a>few
+      years of his existence. His father was an editor and a lawyer, and
+      enlisted in the first company raised on the Confederate side in the county
+      in which he lived. He fought bravely, and never abandoned the fortunes of
+      the Confederacy until 1864, when he went home on parole, and was elected
+      to the Senate of his State.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His son, young Worth, a fitting name for the boy, had cause to be proud of
+      his ancestry, on both sides, his father's family being well versed in law,
+      politics and business, and his mother's family being originally Quakers.
+      She was the daughter of one of the governors of Virginia.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      But Worth Bagley's boyhood engages the attention of the young, most. He
+      grew up under good influences, and as a boy was a model of courtesy and
+      gentlemanly bearing; a favorite in the schoolroom or playground, he loved
+      his home, and was equally beloved within its walls. Possessed of a noble
+      and unselfish nature, how could it be otherwise than that he met
+      appreciation? He was a very apt scholar, learning rapidly, and retaining
+      it as firmly.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His father died when he was twelve, and it is a beautiful record that he
+      became his mother's comfort. He was the oldest son, and seemed to feel
+      that she needed his counsel and protection.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When only ten he entered a classical school, with the intention of
+      preparing for college. He loved the sea, and was appointed a cadet at the
+      naval academy at Annapolis, when he was a little over fifteen, the
+      youngest member of his class. How happy he was when he received the
+      appointment. He was of a sunny temper, full of jests and laughter, writing
+      the most loving letters to his &ldquo;dearest little mother,&rdquo; as he called her.
+      He despised anything that took on the character of tattling. &ldquo;Hazing&rdquo; was
+      strictly forbidden at the Academy, but he was subjected to it, and when
+      called before the commandant and asked the names of the classmen who had
+      participated in it, he answered firmly that he meant no disrespect, but he
+      considered it dishonorable to tell on his classmates. He was threatened
+      with punishment, unless he would tell, but he still refused, <span
+      class="pagenum">[410]</span><a name="link410" id="link410"></a>and was
+      sent to a ship which was used as a place of severe discipline for cadets
+      who disobeyed any of the rules. Here he was kept eighteen days in
+      confinement, and possibly he would have remained a good many days longer,
+      had not the cadets who had done the hazing confessed their share in it,
+      and begged for his release.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When the time came for his examination he fell below the mark, and he
+      wrote at once to his mother, giving her the reasons for his failure, and
+      saying that he hoped the Hon. B. H. Bunn, Member of Congress whose
+      influence had secured him the appointment, would use it in his behalf once
+      more. Mrs. Bagley took the letter to that gentleman, and he promptly made
+      out the papers for the grateful boy. All went smoothly after this, and he
+      graduated in the class of 1895, when he was put on the receiving ship
+      Vermont, and one month after he went to the cruiser Montgomery. Again he
+      was transferred to the Texas in October. On the 20th of January, 1896, he
+      was sent to the ill-fated Maine, where he remained six months, then being
+      sent back to the Texas, which boat he remained with till he returned to
+      Annapolis to take his final examination, which was successful, for he was
+      made an ensign on the 1st of July, 1897.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He was quite a musician, and sang in the Naval Academy choir. His letters
+      home were gems of wit, breathing the most sincere devotion to his friends.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      His first service as ensign was on the Indiana, but three months of 1897,
+      from August 17 to November 19, were passed on the Maine, as executive
+      clerk to Captain Sigsbee. He was then ordered to Baltimore as inspector of
+      the Columbian Iron Works, which firm was fitting out the torpedo boat
+      Winslow.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When Lieutenant Bernadou was given command of this boat he sought for the
+      best junior officers, and among the names presented Worth Bagley's stood
+      high, but he was reluctant to leave Captain Sigsbee, to whom he was much
+      attached, and to whom his services were almost invaluable. But he was
+      persuaded to accept the post offered, and on the 28th of December he
+      entered on his duties.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      He <span class="pagenum">[411]</span><a name="link411" id="link411"></a>was
+      a hero. He went out in a lifeboat, with two sailors, and rescued two men
+      who were adrift on a scow some fifty miles from New York, with a frightful
+      storm raging, and brought them aboard. The Secretary of the Navy wrote a
+      letter of approval to Lieutenant Bernadou, Ensign Bagley and the crew,
+      commending the heroism of all on the Winslow.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of the fatal engagement in Cardenas Bay, May 11, 1898, the whole world
+      knows. He gave his life for his country on that day, without fear or
+      flinching, his last words being as cheerful as though it was a holiday.
+      There was some delay in heaving the towline and he called out cheerily&mdash;&ldquo;Heave
+      her. Let her come&mdash;it's getting pretty warm here.&rdquo; They were the last
+      orders this brave and grand young officer ever gave. The next moment the
+      bursting of one of the enemy's shells sent Ensign Bagley to his last home.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      May his life be an incentive to the young, to do their duty in all
+      situations and in all places as nobly and faithfully as did this brave
+      boy.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_4_0074" id="link2H_4_0074"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      OUR NAVY.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">N</span>early every one
+      understands the terms used in the military branch of service, but since
+      the war has had such extensive use for the naval forces, and so many
+      engagements have taken place on the sea, it has been the source of much
+      perplexity as to the various titles in use by the navy department.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      When older and wiser heads are puzzled by the many terms, it is necessary
+      that our young readers receive a little instruction as to their meaning.
+      We therefore give them in full, knowing that the boys (and the girls also)
+      will be pleased to learn that officers are divided into two classes&mdash;the
+      line or navigating, and fighting officers, and the staff, or specialists,
+      such as engineer, medical, pay, construction corps, the civil engineers
+      and chaplains. The grades of the line officers are rear admiral,
+      commodore, captain, commander, lieutenant-commander, lieutenant,
+      lieutenant junior grade, ensign, naval cadet.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Of the staff officers the engineers have three grades&mdash;chief
+      engineer, <span class="pagenum">[412]</span><a name="link412" id="link412"></a>passed
+      assistant engineer and assistant engineer. The medical corps is divided
+      into medical director, medical inspector, surgeon, passed assistant
+      surgeon, assistant surgeon. The pay corps includes in order pay directors,
+      pay inspectors, paymasters, passed assistant paymasters, assistant
+      paymasters. The construction corps comprises naval constructor and
+      assistant naval constructor. Then there are the chaplain, civil engineer
+      and professor of mathematics. Before one comes to the enlisted men are the
+      boatswain, gunner, sailmaker and carpenter; the enlisted men or crew are
+      divided into three classes&mdash;seamen, artificers and <i>special</i>
+      class.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The pay of the officers varies from $500 a year, which the naval cadets
+      get, to $6,000 paid rear admirals. Each officer at sea is allowed thirty
+      cents a day for rations. This thirty cents he may turn into cash and
+      pocket, for officers pay for their food and uniforms out of their own
+      salary. If he desires the officer may actually draw the rations instead,
+      but most of them prefer their private larder.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      The enlisted men in the navy are paid from $9 a month&mdash;apprentices of
+      the third class&mdash;to $65 or $70 a month&mdash;chief machinists. The
+      insignia of their rank worn by the multitude of officers great and small
+      is quite bewildering and unintelligible to the uninstructed dweller on
+      land, so many and different are the stars, crosses, bands, colors and
+      chevrons.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      <br /><br />
+    </p>
+    <hr />
+    <p>
+      <a name="link2H_CONC" id="link2H_CONC"> </a>
+    </p>
+    <div style="height: 4em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+    <h2>
+      CONCLUSION.
+    </h2>
+    <p class="pfirst">
+      <span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">T</span>he authors labors
+      are finished; but it is with almost a feeling of sadness that he parts
+      company with those for whose pleasure he has told his experiences. In the
+      pages of this volume the man has lived again his days of boyhood when his
+      heart was aglow with the fire of youth and patriotism, as his country
+      called him to the battlefield. Of the many painful scenes, of the tedious
+      marches, privations and dangers, that war ever brings, he has told the
+      boys and girls who have followed his transcript of those days. Another war
+      has been forced upon us, and the man <span class="pagenum">[413]</span><a
+      name="link413" id="link413"></a>feels the same ardor burn within his
+      breast, the same longing to join the ranks as he did in the far-away days
+      of '61.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      True, this war that has just ended was not so terrible in its aspect as
+      was that one which roused his youthful energy, for that was a contest
+      between brothers, the late one was between our forces and those of another
+      clime, but none the less sad and gloomy were its accompaniments. But one
+      glad ray of brightness cheered the gloom. The nation has joined hands and
+      those who were once divided have together fought valiantly for one common
+      cause&mdash;the honor of their country. From the far-off North and the
+      sunny South, the boys in blue and gray have taken up arms and stood side
+      by side, equally heroic, equally ready to defend the right. Is not this a
+      cause for thankfulness?
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      Shall we not have still greater cause for joy when strife shall cease
+      forever&mdash;the strife that brings bloodshed in its train? Will not the
+      whole earth be purer and better were it to accept the grand invitation of
+      the Czar of all the Russias, to consider a plan by which friendly
+      relations shall be established all through the world? He proposes laying
+      aside the weapons of war, and disbanding great armies&mdash;thus bringing
+      about a time of universal peace, when questions of possession and
+      precedence may be decided by arbitration. This noble plan is a step toward
+      that brotherhood of nations which alone can make them truly great. No
+      exigency could arise which could not be settled by an appeal to the calm
+      judgment and love of fair play which would prevail.
+    </p>
+    <p>
+      This beautiful thought is possible, and we welcome the coming of that glad
+      day when &ldquo;wars and rumors of wars shall cease.&rdquo;
+     </p>
+    <div style="height: 6em;">
+      <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
+    </div>
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 45382 ***</div>
+  </body>
+</html>
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