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diff --git a/44964-h/44964-h.htm b/44964-h/44964-h.htm index 14e92ed..7384d62 100644 --- a/44964-h/44964-h.htm +++ b/44964-h/44964-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of Battles Of the Civil War, by T. E. Vineyard. @@ -207,45 +207,7 @@ img.nobdr {border: none;} </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -Project Gutenberg's Battles of the Civil War, by Thomas Elbert Vineyard - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Battles of the Civil War - -Author: Thomas Elbert Vineyard - -Release Date: February 19, 2014 [EBook #44964] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR *** - - - - -Produced by Charlie Howard and The Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 44964 ***</div> <div class="figcenter hidepub" style="width: 418px;"> <img src="images/icover.jpg" width="418" height="600" class="nobdr" alt="Cover" /> @@ -521,7 +483,7 @@ that the Federals were making their main attack on the Confederate left, and both galloped at full speed to the scene of battle, after leaving orders to the remainder of the army to -be brought up to reënforce the small force of +be brought up to reënforce the small force of Confederates who were trying to hold back the Federals. They arrived on the field at the moment when General Bee's brigade was being<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">12</a></span> @@ -595,7 +557,7 @@ soldiers at Corinth, Miss., about twenty miles from Pittsburgh Landing, on the Tennessee River; the next in command was General Beauregard, who had fought at Bull Run, and had -come to reënforce Johnston; General Bragg, of +come to reënforce Johnston; General Bragg, of Buena Vista fame, was there, to whom, at Buena Vista, General Taylor had given the famous command, "A little more grape, Captain Bragg." @@ -678,10 +640,10 @@ morning.</p> field on the first day and were in good hope of victory. But ere long their hopes were mingled with fear, for Beauregard had been expecting -General Van Dorn with 20,000 men to reënforce +General Van Dorn with 20,000 men to reënforce him, but he had not arrived. On the other hand, Generals Buell and Wallace arrived during the -night with 25,000 fresh troops to reënforce Grant. +night with 25,000 fresh troops to reënforce Grant. Everyone knew the battle would be renewed at the dawn of day. At the break of day, April 7th, all was astir on the field of Shiloh, and the dawn<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">17</a></span> @@ -804,7 +766,7 @@ McClellan ordered his army forward May 20th, and a large division under General Naglee succeeded in crossing the river, and took up a position on the south side of the stream. General -McClellan, however, was expecting to be reënforced +McClellan, however, was expecting to be reënforced by McDowell from Fredericksburg with 40,000 men.</p> @@ -815,7 +777,7 @@ time had arrived to give battle. At this time<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page Valley of Virginia, and was seriously threatening Washington. The authorities at Washington deemed it necessary to recall McDowell and -thus prevent him from reënforcing McClellan, +thus prevent him from reënforcing McClellan, which proved to be a very serious disappointment to him. McClellan ordered two divisions of his army to advance. One, commanded by @@ -856,11 +818,11 @@ Rhodes, who had come up on each side.</p> <p>The Federals fell back to Seven Pines, where Couch's division was stationed. Their situation was growing critical, although they were making -a determined stand and had been reënforced by +a determined stand and had been reënforced by Heintzelman's division. In the meantime Hill -had been reënforced by a brigade of Longstreet's +had been reënforced by a brigade of Longstreet's division and was making a fierce attack on the -Federals. The Confederates were further reënforced +Federals. The Confederates were further reënforced by the division of General G. W. Smith. The battle raged furiously until late in the evening, when the Federals fell back a distance of @@ -884,7 +846,7 @@ by Longstreet, but they were pushed back with great slaughter. The Union lines were also broken and a brief lull ensued. Both sides were gathering themselves for another onslaught. -Presently the Federals were reënforced by the +Presently the Federals were reënforced by the division of General Hooker. They marched upon the field in double quick time, and were met by a withering artillery fire. Both attacking @@ -923,8 +885,8 @@ The Federals opposed to Jackson were commanded by Generals Shields and Banks. Jackson made an attack on Shields' army at Kernstown and drove the Federals back, but presently -fell back to wait reënforcements under Ewell. -The Federals were reënforced by General Fremont. +fell back to wait reënforcements under Ewell. +The Federals were reënforced by General Fremont. Jackson's activity in the valley caused the president to fear that his goal was Washington. The two armies fought a series of @@ -977,14 +939,14 @@ death rate was appalling.</p> to the south side of the Chickahominy River, excepting the corps of Franklin and Porter, which were left on the north side of the river to await -reënforcements under General McCall, which +reënforcements under General McCall, which arrived about the middle of June.</p> <p>General Lee sent a division of his cavalry,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">26</a></span> under the command of J. E. B. Stuart, to encircle the army of McClellan. Stuart started in the direction of Fredericksburg June 12th, as if to -reënforce Jackson, and the first night bivouacked +reënforce Jackson, and the first night bivouacked in the pine woods of Hanover county. Then, turning to the east, he soon came upon a Union force, drawn up in columns of four, ready to @@ -1119,12 +1081,12 @@ confusion. Many left the field in disorder. Others threw themselves on the ground to escape the withering fire, while some held their places.</p> -<p>The Federals were reënforced by General Slocum's +<p>The Federals were reënforced by General Slocum's division of Franklin's corps.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">30</a></span> Lee ordered a general attack upon the entire -Union front. Reënforcements were brought up +Union front. Reënforcements were brought up to take the place of the shattered regiments. The troops moved forward in the face of a heavy fire and pressed up the hillside against the Union @@ -1150,7 +1112,7 @@ the felled timber and over the breastworks. The Union line had been pierced and was giving way, and the retreat was threatening to develop into a general rout. But the Federals at this moment -were reënforced by the brigades of French and +were reënforced by the brigades of French and Meagher of Sumner's corps. This stopped the pursuit and, as night was at hand, the Southern soldiers withdrew. The battle of Gaines' Mill @@ -1443,10 +1405,10 @@ and private papers at Catlett's Station, on the Orange and Alexandria railroad, while his vast store of supplies was at Manassas Junction.</p> -<p>Pope was expecting to be reënforced by McClellan, +<p>Pope was expecting to be reënforced by McClellan, but they had not yet arrived. Meanwhile Lee had sent Longstreet with his corps to -reënforce Jackson, and followed up later himself. +reënforce Jackson, and followed up later himself. Longstreet reached Gordonsville on the 13th day of August.</p> @@ -1458,12 +1420,12 @@ was weak and fell back to a stronger position behind the Rappahannock.</p> <p>Lee hoped to attack the Army of Virginia -before it could be reënforced by McClellan, but, +before it could be reënforced by McClellan, but, on account of heavy rains, which raised the streams, he was somewhat delayed until Pope -had been reënforced by a part of Burnside's<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">41</a></span> +had been reënforced by a part of Burnside's<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">41</a></span> corps, under General Reno, and later was also -reënforced by Generals Kearny and Reynolds +reënforced by Generals Kearny and Reynolds with their divisions of the Army of the Potomac.</p> <p>Lee sent the dauntless cavalry leader J. E. B. @@ -1520,12 +1482,12 @@ prisoners, 125 horses, ten locomotives, seven long trains of provisions, and vast stores and munitions of war. Pope was moving against Jackson with a far larger army, and was expecting -to be reënforced from the Army of the Potomac, +to be reënforced from the Army of the Potomac, while on the other hand, Longstreet was hastening -to reënforce Jackson, but had not arrived.</p> +to reënforce Jackson, but had not arrived.</p> <p>Pope, hoping to crush Jackson's army before -he could be reënforced by Longstreet, sent a +he could be reënforced by Longstreet, sent a force to interpose Longstreet at Thoughfare Gap. Jackson was not to be caught in a trap. He moved from Manassas Junction to the old @@ -1681,7 +1643,7 @@ an important and valuable success.</p> <p>Longstreet, who had advanced to Hagerstown, probably with the intention of invading Pennsylvania, -was hastily recalled and sent to reënforce +was hastily recalled and sent to reënforce D. H. Hill, who was being severely pushed at Boonsborough Gap by McClellan. The defense of this path had been very necessary to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">48</a></span> @@ -1803,13 +1765,13 @@ cornfield into a patch of woods. Hooker now advanced his center under Meade to seize the Hagerstown road and the woods beyond. They were met by a murderous fire from Jackson, who -had just been reënforced by Hood's refreshed +had just been reënforced by Hood's refreshed troops, who fell heavily upon Meade in the cornfield. Hooker called upon Doubleday for aid, and a brigade was forwarded at double-quick across the cornfield in the face of a terrible storm of shot and shell. The Federals were further -reënforced by Mansfield's corps, and while his +reënforced by Mansfield's corps, and while his divisions were deploying this veteran commander was mortally wounded. General Williams succeeded to the command of his corps, who @@ -1820,8 +1782,8 @@ the left of the Dunker church. This was on high ground and was the key to the Confederate left wing. But Greene's troops were exposed to a galling fire from the division of D. H. Hill and -he called for reënforcements. General Sumner -sent Sedgwick's division across the creek to reënforce +he called for reënforcements. General Sumner +sent Sedgwick's division across the creek to reënforce Greene. His troops advanced straight towards the conflict. They found General Hooker severely wounded in the foot, which became<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">52</a></span> @@ -1833,14 +1795,14 @@ Pike, but once in the shelter of the thick trees he passed in safety to the western edge. Here the division found itself in an ambush.</p> -<p>The Confederates had been heavily reënforced +<p>The Confederates had been heavily reënforced by several brigades under Walker and McLaws, having just arrived from Harper's Ferry, and had not only blocked the front but had worked around to the rear of Sedgwick, who was wounded in the awful slaughter that followed, but he and Sumner finally extricated their men after severe -loss. The Federals were now reënforced by +loss. The Federals were now reënforced by Franklin's fresh troops and were able to hold the cornfield and part of the woods over which the conflict had raged till the ground was @@ -2208,7 +2170,7 @@ division of 40,000 men was strengthened by a part of Hooker's division and was ordered to make the first attack on the Confederate right, under Jackson. Sumner's division was also -reënforced from Hooker's division and was +reënforced from Hooker's division and was formed for an assault against the Confederates, posted on Marye's Heights.</p> @@ -2790,7 +2752,7 @@ General Grant planned to divide the army of the Tennessee, Sherman taking part of it from Memphis down the Mississippi on transports while he would move overland with the -rest of the army and coöperate with Sherman +rest of the army and coöperate with Sherman before Vicksburg. But the whole plan proved a failure, through the energies of Van Dorn and others of the Confederate army in destroying @@ -2854,7 +2816,7 @@ cannon. The air was filled with flying missiles. The transport, Henry Clay, caught fire and burned to the water's edge. By three in the morning the fleet was below the city and ready -to coöperate with Grant's army.</p> +to coöperate with Grant's army.</p> <p>Grant's army at that time numbered about 43,000 men, and he decided to make a campaign @@ -2919,7 +2881,7 @@ the opening, only to meet with a withering fire from an interior parapet which the Confederates had constructed in the anticipation of this event.</p> -<p>Grant was constantly receiving reënforcements, +<p>Grant was constantly receiving reënforcements, and before the end of the siege his army numbered 70,000.</p> @@ -3076,7 +3038,7 @@ John F. Reynolds. But even this calamity did not stay the fury of the battle.</p> <p>Early in the afternoon the Federals were -heavily reënforced, and A. P. Hill had arrived +heavily reënforced, and A. P. Hill had arrived on the field with the balance of his corps, and the roar of battle was unceasing. About the middle of the afternoon a breeze lifted the @@ -3110,7 +3072,7 @@ the fearful loss of 10,000 men.</p> <p>Hancock arrived late in the afternoon, after riding at full speed. His presence brought an air of confidence, and his promise of heavy -reënforcements all tended to inspire renewed +reënforcements all tended to inspire renewed hope in the ranks of the discouraged army.</p> <p>Meade reached the scene late at night and @@ -3273,7 +3235,7 @@ the attack on Cemetery Hill, but was repulsed after a bloody and desperate hand-to-hand fight.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">95</a></span> Johnston's attack on Culp's Hill was more successful, but was at length repulsed after the -Federals had been heavily reënforced.</p> +Federals had been heavily reënforced.</p> <p>Thus closed the second day's battle of Gettysburg. The harvest of death had been great. @@ -3770,13 +3732,13 @@ Grant was now made commander of the western armies. He had about 80,000 men in addition to Burnside's force at Knoxville. The Confederates had about 60,000. General Sherman was -directed to reënforce Grant at Chattanooga from +directed to reënforce Grant at Chattanooga from Vicksburg and transported his forces by boat to Memphis, and from there marched overland.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">110</a></span> The authorities at Washington also determined -to reënforce Rosecrans from the Army of the +to reënforce Rosecrans from the Army of the Potomac, and 23,000 men, under General Hooker, were transported by rail to Chattanooga. This brought the Army of the Cumberland to numbers @@ -3801,7 +3763,7 @@ abundant supplies was at once available. This relieved the Army of the Cumberland of its perilous position.</p> -<p>Thomas was being reënforced from all sides; +<p>Thomas was being reënforced from all sides; Hooker was already on the ground; Sherman was advancing rapidly from Memphis, while Burnside's forces at Knoxville offered protection for @@ -3959,7 +3921,7 @@ This high grade in command had been held only by Generals Washington and Scott, thus bringing together two great generals. One the idol of the North: the other of the South. -Cæsar said he would rather be first man in a village +Cæsar said he would rather be first man in a village in Gaul than second in Rome.</p> <p>Grant found under his command in the Army @@ -4041,7 +4003,7 @@ the night both armies entrenched themselves directly in each other's front.</p> <p>Early on the morning of May 6th the Federals -were reënforced by Burnside's corps, and A. P. +were reënforced by Burnside's corps, and A. P. Hill by that of Longstreet.</p> <p>General Grant issued orders for a general attack @@ -4138,7 +4100,7 @@ longer and more indirect route. When the Federals, under Warren, reached Todd's Tavern they found their cavalry in terrible conflict with Fitzhugh Lee's division of the Confederate cavalry. -Fitzhugh Lee was reënforced by the advance +Fitzhugh Lee was reënforced by the advance division of Anderson's corps, which by this time had come up. General Warren was finally repulsed and fell back, thus giving the Confederates @@ -4198,7 +4160,7 @@ bayonets fixed. The Confederates were overpowered by numbers and gave way and fell back to their second line of entrenchments. For this brave act, Upton was made a brigadier-general. -The Confederates, however, were reënforced, and +The Confederates, however, were reënforced, and Upton retired from the position which he had gained.</p> @@ -4299,10 +4261,10 @@ times they came in contact.</p> reached Cold Harbor. He had orders from Meade that he should hold this place at all hazards until the main army should arrive. Both -armies had received reënforcements. The Confederates -were reënforced by Breckinridge from +armies had received reënforcements. The Confederates +were reënforced by Breckinridge from western Virginia, and by Pickett from North -Carolina. The Federals were reënforced from +Carolina. The Federals were reënforced from the army of General Butler from down the James<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">126</a></span> River. Thus Grant's army was brought up to more than 100,000 men, and Lee's to about 75,000.</p> @@ -4323,7 +4285,7 @@ had succeeded in regaining some of their position.</p> battle would decide Grant's last chance to get between Lee and Richmond, and preparations were made the next day for a decisive battle on -the morrow. The Federals were reënforced during +the morrow. The Federals were reënforced during the night of June 2d by Hancock's and Burnside's corps. The Confederates, being on the defensive, had orders from General Lee to rest @@ -4435,7 +4397,7 @@ their mission was to be one of strife and bloodshed.</p> <p>General Johnston had succeeded General Bragg in command of this Confederate army, which was now divided into two corps, commanded by Generals<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">130</a></span> -Hood and Hardee. He was later reënforced +Hood and Hardee. He was later reënforced by General Polk.</p> <p>On account of the strong position occupied by @@ -4462,7 +4424,7 @@ done by Thomas' division and a part of Schofield's. This attack was received by Hood's corps. There was desperate fighting and the advantage first lay with one and then the other, -when at length the Federals were reënforced by +when at length the Federals were reënforced by General Hooker, and the Confederates fell back to the second line of their entrenchments.</p> @@ -4623,7 +4585,7 @@ killed, which was a great blow to the Union army. General Logan succeeded to his command.</p> <p>The Confederates achieved considerable success, -but the Federals were presently reënforced, +but the Federals were presently reënforced, and Hood withdrew within the defenses of Atlanta. Again on the 28th the Federals were attacked by General Hardee and a fierce battle @@ -4701,7 +4663,7 @@ the next morning. It is thought that he could have easily taken the city on the evening of his arrival, but during the night General Gordon arrived with his division and the Confederates -were reënforced by other arrivals next morning +were reënforced by other arrivals next morning from the army of General Early, then on its way to the Shenandoah Valley. On the morning of the 18th General Hunter found Lynchburg full @@ -4806,7 +4768,7 @@ followed up by the Federals, and fought several small engagements on his retreat.</p> <p>On about the middle of October he received -reënforcements from Longstreet, and on the 19th +reënforcements from Longstreet, and on the 19th he attacked Sheridan's army at Cedar Creek, under the immediate command of General Wright, Sheridan having gone to Washington, @@ -4998,9 +4960,9 @@ men.</p> so thin that there was danger of breaking. A. P. Hill held the right, Gordon and Anderson the center, and Longstreet the left. Late in February -Grant's army was reënforced by General +Grant's army was reënforced by General Sheridan from the valley, and in the last days<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">146</a></span> -of March it was further reënforced from General +of March it was further reënforced from General Butler's army from down the James River.</p> <p>General Lee began to see the position that he @@ -5330,382 +5292,6 @@ shown above these notes.</p> <p>Page <a href="#Page_93">93</a>: "John Biglow" may be a misprint for "John Bigelow".</p> </div> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Battles of the Civil War, by Thomas Elbert Vineyard - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BATTLES OF THE CIVIL WAR *** - -***** This file should be named 44964-h.htm or 44964-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/4/9/6/44964/ - -Produced by Charlie Howard and The Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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