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diff --git a/44440-h/44440-h.htm b/44440-h/44440-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c6256a --- /dev/null +++ b/44440-h/44440-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,6469 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Mother Nature's Toy-Shop, by Lina Beard and Adelia B. Beard. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + +body { + margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + + h1,h2,h3,h4{ + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; +} + +p { + margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + text-indent: 1.25em; + margin-bottom: .75em; +} + + + .maintitle {font-size: 200%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;} + .copyright {text-align: center; font-size: 70%;} + .blockquot {font-size: 70%; margin-left: 30%; margin-right: 30%; text-align: justify;} + + .adtitle2 {font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;} + .adtitle1 {font-size: 150%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;} + .adtitle4 {font-size: 110%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-indent: -3em; margin-left: 3em;} + .author {font-size: 120%; text-align: center;} + .sig {margin-right: 10%; text-align: right;} + + .poem {margin-left: 30%; text-align: left;} + + img {border: 0;} + .tnote {border: dashed 1px; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em; + padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em;} + .tnote2 {border: 2px; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em; + padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em; background: yellow;} + + .unindent {margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } +hr { + width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; +} + +hr.chap {width: 65%} + +table { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + + +.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; +} /* page numbers */ + + + +.bbox {border: solid 2px; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em; + padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em;} +.bbox2 {border: solid 2px; margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em; + padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em;} + +.center {text-align: center;} + + +.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + +.caption {font-weight: bold; font-size: 90%;} + +/* Images */ +.figcenter { + margin: auto; + text-align: center; +} + +.figleft { + float: left; + clear: left; + margin-left: 0; + margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-right: 1em; + padding: 0; + text-align: center; +} + +.figright { + float: right; + clear: right; + margin-left: 1em; + margin-bottom: + 1em; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-right: 0; + padding: 0; + text-align: center; +} + + + + </style> + </head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 44440 ***</div> + +<div class='tnote2'><b>Transcriber's Note:</b> This book was written in a time in which +we didn't know what we know now. For example, we now know foxglove to +be very poisonous and would not suggest children use the blossoms for +fairy caps. Please use caution if attempting any of these crafts. And +don't play with foxglove.</div> +<hr class="chap" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 495px;"> +<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="495" height="800" alt="cover" /> +</div> +<hr class="chap" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[i]</a></span></p> + + +<div class='maintitle'>Mother Nature's<br /> +Toy-Shop</div> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[ii]</a><br /><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[iii]</a></span></p> + + + +<div class='bbox2'> +<h1>Mother Nature's<br /> +Toy-Shop</h1> + +<div class='center'><br /><br />By<br /> + +<span class='author'>LINA BEARD AND ADELIA B. BEARD</span><br /> +<br /><br /><br /><br /> + +With Many Illustrations<br /> +by the Authors<br /> +<br /><br /><br /><br /> +Charles Scribner's Sons<br /> +<small>New York Chicago Boston</small><br /> +</div> +</div> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[iv]</a></span></p> + + + + +<div class='copyright'> +<span class="smcap">Copyright, 1918, by</span><br /> +CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS<br /> +<br /><br /> + + + +SPECIAL NOTICE</div> +<div class='blockquot'> +All the material in this book, both text and cuts, is original with the +authors and invented by them; and warning is hereby given that the +unauthorized printing of any portion of the text and the reproduction +of any of the illustrations or diagrams are expressly forbidden.<br /><br /><br /></div> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 106px;"> +<img src="images/i_004.png" width="106" height="118" alt="emblem" /> +</div> +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>PRESENTATION</h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Mother Nature</span> is every bit as fond of the little folks +in her human family as of the grown-ups, and while she +prepares untold joys for lovers of the outdoors among men +and women and larger boys and girls, she never forgets +the little ones.</p> + +<p>For their benefit she keeps an open toy-shop full of marvellous +playthings, all free to any child who wants them, +and instead of the children paying her for what they take +she pays them for coming to her by giving them rosier +cheeks, brighter eyes, and stronger bodies. She puts more +glee into their laughter and greater happiness into their +trustful little hearts.</p> + +<p>As in the large department stores in big cities, the goods +in Mother Nature's shop are changed for each season of +the year; so the little shoppers have constant variety and +hail every new season with fresh delight. This book is +written to call attention to the beautiful and wonderful +things to be found in Mother Nature's toy-shop and to +tell what to do with them, for one must know how to use +the amusing material that is furnished.</p> + +<p>After really getting into this most enchanting of all toy-shops +with eyes open to see its wonders, we found that the +difficulty to be met was not how to write about them, but +how to stop writing. The display was so varied and so +inviting, it seemed that we must tell the children about +everything we saw, but if we had gone on seeing more and +telling more there is no saying what size this book would +have been.</p> + +<div class='sig'> +<span class="smcap">Lina Beard,<br /> +Adelia Belle Beard.</span><br /> +</div> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[vi]</a><br /><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CONTENTS</h2> + + + + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="Contents"> +<tr><td align="center" colspan='3'>PART I—WILD FLOWERS</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" colspan='2'><small>CHAPTER</small></td><td align="left"><small>PAGE</small></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">I.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Daisies</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">II.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Jack-in-the-Pulpit</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_5">5</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">III.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Red and White Clovers</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_8">8</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">IV.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Clover Designs</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_12">12</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">V.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Other Wild-Flower Designs</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_19">19</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">VI.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Pussy-Willows</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_24">24</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">VII.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Arrangement of Flowers</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="center" colspan='3'><br />PART II—GRASSES</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">VIII.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Fairy-Trees Made of Grasses</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_40">40</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">IX.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">A House Made of Grass</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">X.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Grass Dress and Grass Head-Dress</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="center" colspan='3'><br />PART III—GREEN LEAVES</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">XI.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Oak-Leaves</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_61">61</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">XII.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Grape-Leaf Drinking-Cup</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">XIII.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Green-Leaf Designs</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_71">71</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[viii]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td align="center" colspan='3'><br />PART IV—CULTIVATED FLOWERS</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">XIV.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Phlox</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_76">76</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">XV.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Cultivated Foxglove</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_81">81</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">XVI.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Miss Hollyhock's Garden-Party</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_88">88</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">XVII.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Daffodils</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_92">92</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="center" colspan='3'><br />PART V—SEED-VESSELS</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">XVIII.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Seed-Vessel Playthings</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_96">96</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">XIX.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Buckeye Horse and Buckeye Rider</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_103">103</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">XX.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Burdock-Burrs</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_108">108</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">XXI.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Things to Make of English-Walnut Shells</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_117">117</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="center" colspan='3'><br />PART VI—VEGETABLES</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">XXII.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Things You can Make of Lima Beans</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_123">123</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">XXIII.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Sweet-Potato Alligator and What to Make of a Radish</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_130">130</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">XXIV.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Green-Pea Toys and a Green-Pea Design</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_136">136</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">XXV.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Corn-Husks and Corn-Cobs</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_148">148</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="center" colspan='3'><br />PART VII—FRUIT</td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">XXVI.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">The Funny Orange-Head</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_163">163</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right">XXVII.</td><td align="left"><span class="smcap">Apples and Apple Fun</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_171">171</a></td></tr> +</table></div> +<hr class="chap" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[ix]</a></span></p> + + + +<div class='adtitle1'> +Mother Nature's<br /> +Toy-Shop<br /> +</div> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[x]</a><br /><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2><i>PART I</i><br /> +<br /> +WILD FLOWERS</h2> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<h2>CHAPTER I<br /> + +<small>DAISIES</small></h2> + + +<h3>What You Can Do with Them</h3> + +<p><span class="smcap">Wild</span> flowers, like children, are up early. <i>They</i> don't +want to lie abed after their long winter's sleep; they want +to be awake and see what is going on in the world. While +you think it is still winter there is a stirring going on +under the blankets of brown earth, and sometimes before +the snow is off the ground you may find the little things +working up through the stiff soil and opening their eyes +to the gentle spring sunshine.</p> + +<p>It is remarkable the way the soft, tender sprouts force +their way through hard ground that we would have to +take a knife or trowel to dig into. But they do it. Not +all at once with a great, blustering rush, but gently, steadily, +and quietly they push and keep on pushing until +their heads are above ground; then they begin to grow in +good earnest, and pretty soon they laugh right out into +blossom.</p> + +<p>The pleasure these earliest wild flowers give us is in +going out to look for them and in gathering handfuls to +carry home and put into little glass bowls to be "Oh'd" +over and wondered at, to be admired and loved because +they are lovely, and because they bring some of the sweet +outdoors of spring into the furnace-heated house.</p> + +<p>They are too delicate and fragile, these anemones,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span> +hepaticas, and bloodroots, to be handled and played +with, but later come the stronger, sturdier flowers and with +many of these you can do all sorts of entertaining things. +You don't have to look very far for them either. They +are in the fields, by the roadsides, and even along the edges +of the streets of a village or small town. You won't find +them in the city.</p> + +<p>To begin with, there are the daisies. How white the +fields are with them! If they are fine, large daisies on +tall, strong stems they will reach up to your waist—that +is, if you are a little girl. If you are bigger they will come +well above your knees. There are a number of things +that you can do with them. First, you can make a really +beautiful</p> + + +<h3>Daisy Crown</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>for a May queen, or to wear yourself just for the fun of it.</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 334px;"><a id="Fig_1"></a> +<img src="images/i_012a.png" width="334" height="260" alt="two flowers with stems crossed" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.1 - Begin the wreath in this way.</div> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 326px;"><a id="Fig_2"></a> +<img src="images/i_012b.png" width="326" height="169" alt="diagram" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.2 - Turn the stem of B under +the stem of A</div> +</div> + +<p>Gather a whole lot of daisies with rather long stems. +They will stay fresh longer if you put them into a pail of +cool water and let them drink a little before using them;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span> +and if they have wilted while you carried them, the water +will bring them up again as fresh as—why, as fresh as a +daisy to be sure. This +is the way to make the +crown. It is a new +way and a good way.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 369px;"><a id="Fig_3"></a> +<img src="images/i_013a.png" width="369" height="166" alt="diagram" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.3 - Bring B around and in front +of it's own upright.</div> +</div> + +<p>Take one daisy in +your left hand and +hold it, not upright +but in what is called +a horizontal position +like the one marked A in <a href="#Fig_1">Fig. 1</a>, then with your right +hand hold another daisy upright and place its stem in +front of and across +the stem of the first, +as you see it in <a href="#Fig_1">Fig. 1</a>.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 380px;"><a id="Fig_4"></a> +<img src="images/i_013b.png" width="380" height="170" alt="diagram" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.4 - Let the stem of B rest on +the stem of A</div> +</div> + +<p>This second daisy +we will call B. Now +turn the stem of B +under the stem of A +and up at the back as +it is in <a href="#Fig_2">Fig. 2</a>. Bring +this same stem, B, +around and in +front of its own +upright part like +<a href="#Fig_3">Fig. 3</a>. Turn it +all the way around +the upright part +and let the stem of +B rest on top of +the stem of A. <a href="#Fig_4">Fig. 4</a> shows this, but in the drawing the +stems are separated a little so that you may see each one +plainly. It is something like weaving, you see. And it +is weaving of a sort.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 411px;"><a id="Fig_5"></a> +<img src="images/i_013c.png" width="411" height="165" alt="diagram" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.5 - Weave another daisy, C, on +the first two stems.</div> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span></p> + +<p>Across the stems of the daisies A and B, two stems +this time, place the stem of another daisy that we will +call C, and weave it on the first two stems exactly as you +wove B onto A (<a href="#Fig_5">Fig. 5</a>). The stem of the fourth daisy +will have to cross three stems, A, B, and C. The fifth +daisy-stem will cross four stems, but after that the end +of the daisy-stem A will probably have been passed and +you will be weaving on the others. It depends upon the +length of the stems how many are woven over; sometimes +there may be five. It is not well to have more than that +number. You can cut a stem off when it seems to be going +too far around the crown.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 464px;"><a id="Fig_6"></a> +<img src="images/i_014.png" width="464" height="291" alt="wreath" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.6 - A new way to make a Daisy Wreath.</div> +</div> + +<p>Place the daisies close enough together to have their +petals touch, or even crowd a trifle, because when the +crown is curved and the ends brought together the flowers +will separate and leave wider spaces. When you have +woven enough daisies to make your crown the proper size +to fit your head, cut the last stems off about two inches +from the last flower and, with a strong blade of grass or +piece of string, tie them to the stem of the daisy A, just +back of the flower. <a href="#Fig_6">Fig. 6</a> shows what the daisy crown +looks like when finished.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER II<br /> +<small>JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT</small></h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">One</span> of the earliest wild flowers to show its head above +ground is Jack-in-the-pulpit. It is an odd plant and what +we call the flower is not the blossom at all, but a protecting +leaf called a spathe which surrounds the tiny flowers +growing on the club-shaped spike (or spadix) standing upright +inside.</p> + +<p>That is a good thing to know and remember, but what +concerns us now is that there is a pulpit with its curved +sounding-board—or perhaps it is a striped awning—overhead, +and that in the pulpit is Jack.</p> + +<p>He is a cheerful little preacher and his pulpit is somewhat +gayer than we usually see, but no one ever told Jack +that to be good he must be solemn and that to preach he +must have a pulpit rich and sombre. The good God who +made him gave him his pretty, striped pulpit with its +striped awning to shelter it, and Jack goes on preaching +his cheerful sermons from this as long as he lives. Hear +what some one has said of him:</p> + +<div class='poem'> +"Jack-in-the-Pulpit preaches to-day,<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Under the green trees, just over the way;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Squirrel and Song-Sparrow high on their perch,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Hear the sweet lily-bells ringing to church.</span><br /> +<br /> +"Come, hear what his reverence rises to say,<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">In his low, painted pulpit, this calm Sabbath day.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Fair is the canopy over him seen</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Pencilled by Nature's hand, black, brown, and green."</span><br /> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 302px;"><a id="Fig_7"></a> +<img src="images/i_016.png" width="302" height="555" alt="diagram" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.7 - Cut a hole at the back +of the Pulpit.</div> +</div> +<p>Some people who love the woods and the wild flowers +can understand Jack's wild-wood language. They will +tell you that over and over again he is saying: "Come into +the clean, shady woods and learn to love all the wonderful +living, growing things to be found here. Come into the +green woods and hear what we +can tell you of beauty and +love and kindness; of courage +and perseverance and strength, +for plants must have courage +and perseverance as well as +strength in order to live."</p> + +<p>All the time these plants are +working in the ground and +above it to make their flowers +perfect and their seeds fruitful. +Sometimes it is difficult work, +too, if the soil does not give +them enough food, or a dry +summer chokes them with +thirst. Sometimes they must +struggle hard to gain a footing +between the rocks where they +were told to grow, or to keep +from being crowded out by +stronger, coarser plants that +are called weeds.</p> + +<p>But they keep on trying to +do their part and to do it +well; they work and love, and their children, the blossoms, +laugh, laugh, laugh with the happiness of it all.</p> + +<p>Now if Jack seems to you to stand too still in his pulpit +while he preaches all this, why you can make him +move around. He can turn first to one side then to the +other, and he can lean forward over the front with extended<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span> +arms as some preachers do when they are very +much in earnest.</p> + +<p>For this you will first have to cut a hole at the back of +the pulpit near the bottom, as is shown +in <a href="#Fig_7">Fig. 7</a>, then, slipping your knife inside, +cut Jack loose from the flower and drop +him out from the top by turning the +pulpit upside down.</p> + +<p>Cut off the lower, thin part of the +spike to which the arrow points in <a href="#Fig_8">Fig. 8</a> +and, after puncturing a deep hole in the +end, push in a very slender twig or grass-stem. +<a href="#Fig_9">Fig. 9</a> shows how this is done. +For arms that will make Jack seem more +like a little man, push a short piece of +grass-stem through the spike near the +top where you see it in <a href="#Fig_9">Fig. 9</a>. Make +a hole all the way through the spike +with a pin so that the arms will slip +in easily.</p> +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="illustrations"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 122px;"><a id="Fig_8"></a> +<img src="images/i_017a.png" width="122" height="265" alt="diagram" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.8 - The Spike.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 141px;"><a id="Fig_9"></a> +<img src="images/i_017b.png" width="141" height="433" alt="diagram" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.9 - This is Jack.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>When you are ready for Jack to +preach put him in his pulpit, sliding +the grass-stem through the hole at +the back. While you hold the stem +of the pulpit in one hand take the +grass-stem in the other and, by moving +it up and down, twisting it one +way, then the other, and tipping it +up, you can make him rise up tall +and straight, then sink down; you +can make him turn to the right and +to the left and lean forward. That +is being active enough in such a +small pulpit, isn't it?</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER III<br /> +<small>RED AND WHITE CLOVERS</small></h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">By</span> the roadside, through the meadows, on the farm, at +the cottage door, and in your own yard those dear, familiar +little friends, the clover-blossoms, come to greet you. +Even in city parks you may find them, and always they +are ready and glad to help you have a good time. Gather +a lot of these flowers and sit in the shade under a tree +with your lap filled with them while I tell you how to +make a</p> + + +<h3>Clover Wreath</h3> + +<p>Select some long-stemmed blossoms and leaves, bunch +them and bind their stems together their full length with +strong grass or string. Wind the grass around and around +the stems, tucking the ends securely in under the last +wind. You may need several long blades of grass for +binding one bunch.</p> + +<p>In the same way make a second bunch and fit the flowers +up close against the first bunch of blossoms, with their +stems lying along the side of the first stems. Do not lap +the flowers of one bunch over the flowers of another. +Fasten the second bunch in place by binding the stems to +those of the first bunch; then make a third bunch and bind +it on next to the second bunch. Continue making these +clover bunches and binding their stems to the stems of +those already a part of the wreath until the strip is long +enough to fit around your head. Try it on and, if it is +the proper length, join the two ends by binding the last<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span> +stems to the stems of the first bunches. <a href="#Fig_10">Fig. 10</a> shows the +clover wreath complete.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 554px;"><a id="Fig_10"></a> +<img src="images/i_019.png" width="554" height="434" alt="clover wreath" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.10 - Wreath of freshly picked Clover.</div> +</div> + +<p>You should also have a</p> + + +<h3>Clover Bracelet</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>to wear with the wreath. Make this as you did the +wreath but with much smaller bunches. Keep binding +the bunches together until the strip for the bracelet fits +your arm (<a href="#Fig_11">Fig. 11</a>), then join the two ends, and slip the +pretty thing on your wrist. Of course, you will want</div> + + +<h3>Clover Earrings</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>to match, and those two plump, full, fresh blossoms lying +at the top of the others on your lap are exactly what you +need.</div> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 249px;"><a id="Fig_11"></a> +<img src="images/i_020a.png" width="249" height="300" alt="bracelet" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.11 - Clover bracelet.</div> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span></p> + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 139px;"> +<a id="Fig_12"></a> +<img src="images/i_020b.png" width="139" height="212" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.12 - Clover earring.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 116px;"> +<a id="Fig_13"></a> +<img src="images/i_020c.png" width="116" height="204" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.13 - Clover Blossom ring.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 289px;"> +<a id="Fig_14"></a> +<img src="images/i_020d.png" width="289" height="279" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.14 - Clover Blossom pendant +on Clover necklace.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + + + + +<p>Take one of these clovers and fit it in tight between +your cheek and the lobe of your ear (<a href="#Fig_12">Fig. 12</a>). Be careful +not to break the long stem, for you must bring it up snugly +just back of your ear along the line where the ear joins +your head, and when this is done, bend the end of the stem +down gently over the top of your ear. The stem will hold +your earring in place. Make the other earring in the same +way. The two clover-blossoms used for the earrings should +be as much alike as possible both in size and shape. They<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> +should be matched carefully, as pearls and diamonds are +matched in a pair of real earrings.</p> + +<p>Now for a "solitaire"</p> + + +<h3>Clover Ring</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>Choose the finest clover for the jewel, and hold it against +the back of your left forefinger while you wrap the stem +once around the finger, loop it over the blossom and draw +the loop tight. Fasten the end by tucking it under and +over, and again under the stem ring on your finger. This +clover ring is really very effective, and can be made of any +colored clover. <a href="#Fig_13">Fig. 13</a> gives an idea of how it looks.</div> + + +<h3>A Necklace of Clover</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>will complete your beautiful set of flower jewelry. Make +the necklace as you made the bracelet and fasten three +pendant blossoms at the centre, allowing the middle clover +to hang down a little below those on either side (<a href="#Fig_14">Fig. 14</a>).</div> + +<p>Now you are ready, with the addition of a long, straight +twig, at the top of which you have fastened a bouquet of +clover, to play that you are queen of all the clover fairies, +and that your clover-tipped twig is your magic wand.</p> + + +<h3>Other Things of Clover</h3> + +<p>The running, vinelike clovers are fine to use for climbing-roses +on outdoor doll-houses. They can also be trained +over the doll garden-frames and arches.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER IV<br /> +<small>CLOVER DESIGNS</small></h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Have</span> you ever admired the pretty patterns on wallpaper +of flowers and green leaves? Have you ever embroidered +dainty designs in colors on white linen, and do +you love it all? If you do, you will like to make some designs +yourself in a new way, and with real flowers and real +leaves.</p> + +<p>You don't have to know how to draw or to paint +in this designing, for the flowers are there ready for you +to use, more exquisitely drawn and colored than the +greatest artist could do them. Your part is to group and +arrange them on a sheet of paper so that they will form +beautiful designs; designs that will not only delight you, +but that may be copied in embroidery or in other ways.</p> + +<p>Merely to place the flowers on the paper in some sort +of a pattern is interesting, but the design won't last because +the flowers won't stay in place. Your sleeve may +wipe them all off, or a puff of air blow them away, so a +method has been invented especially for you that will keep +them where you want them to stay, and that method is +simply to <i>paste</i> them there.</p> + +<p>You can make designs of almost any kind of flowers, +the common pink-and-white clover that grows underfoot +nearly everywhere makes a particularly pretty one. This +is the long-stemmed, viny kind, and its name is alsike +clover. <a href="#Fig_15">Fig. 15</a> shows what the alsike clover looks like, +and you will see that its leaves are rather pointed at the +tip, and shaped more like the leaves of the large red clover +than like the almost round ones of the little white clover.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 330px;"><a id="Fig_15"></a> +<img src="images/i_023a.png" width="330" height="600" alt="drawing" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.15 - The Alsike Clover. Deep rose +color. The way it grows.</div></div> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 483px;"><a id="Fig_16"></a> +<img src="images/i_023b.png" width="483" height="539" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.16 - Upright design of Alsike Clover.</div> +</div> + + + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span></p> + +<p>The graceful, upright design (<a href="#Fig_16">Fig. 16</a>) was made of the +alsike clover, the blossom of which was a deep-rose color, +and the original design when finished looked like a piece +of embroidery done in silks. It was so lovely I wish that +it could be given in its natural colors here.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 617px;"><a id="Fig_17"></a> +<img src="images/i_024.png" width="617" height="386" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.17 - Parts of upright Clover design.</div> +</div> + +<p>Look at <a href="#Fig_16">Fig. 16</a> carefully and see that while the sprays +of clover at the right and left appear to be exactly alike, +though turned in opposite directions, they are not really +so, and the little differences help to make the design interesting. +They keep it from being what we call monotonous. +Now look at D, E, and F, <a href="#Fig_17">Fig. 17</a>. These are tracings +of the sprays of clover before they were grouped +together to form the design <a href="#Fig_16">Fig. 16</a>. The spray on the left, +marked D, is just as it grew and as it was used in the +finished design; but F, on the right, had to have the little +budded spray added at the place on the stem shown by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span> +the arrows to make it resemble and balance the other. +This bud with its leaves was clipped from another clover-vine.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 595px;"> +<a id="Fig_18"></a> +<img src="images/i_025a.png" width="595" height="228" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.18 - Running design of Clover.</div> +</div> + +<p>The spray in the centre of the design was like E, <a href="#Fig_17">Fig. +17</a>, and it was necessary to give it the extra leaves shown at +its right because, without them, it was not symmetrical, +which means evenly balanced, and it would not have +looked well in the design.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 555px;"><a id="Fig_19"></a> +<img src="images/i_025b.png" width="555" height="274" alt="outline drawing" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.19 - Parts of running design.</div> +</div> + +<p>When all of the material was collected and ready to be<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span> +put together, the central spray, E, was laid in the middle +of a sheet of unruled, white paper with the lower end of +the stem near the bottom edge, then the sprays D and F +were placed on the right and left of the centre one and tried +first in one position, then in another, until it was decided +that they looked best arranged as in <a href="#Fig_16">Fig. 16</a>. After that +the extra leaves for the middle spray, and the bud and its +leaves for the right-hand spray, were put in place.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 426px;"><a id="Fig_20"></a> +<img src="images/i_026.png" width="426" height="390" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.20 - Large Red Clover design.</div> +</div> + +<p>It all seemed charmingly satisfactory, so the design was +taken apart that it might be fastened permanently in place. +The middle spray had to be adjusted first, and a drop of +good library paste was put on the under-side of the clover-blossom, +a drop on the under part of each leaf, and on the +under part of the stem at the lower end. Then the spray +was laid in the middle of the paper just where it was at +first, and pressed down to make it stick. Paste was put<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a><br /><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> +on the under part of each of the three leaves to be added +and on the under part of their stem at the end, and they +were pasted down to look as if growing on the main stem, +opposite the other leaves.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 554px;"> +<a id="Fig_21"></a> +<img src="images/i_027a.png" width="554" height="353" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.21 - Design of leaves and buds of Red Clover.</div> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 569px;"><a id="Fig_22"></a> +<img src="images/i_027b.png" width="569" height="441" alt="outline drawing" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.22 - Parts of leaf and bud design.</div> +</div> + +<p>Next the left-hand spray was pasted in place in the +same way, then the right-hand spray, to which was given +its bud that curves in to almost touch the bud on the other +spray. Paste was also put half-way down on the under +part of the long stems of each of the side sprays.</p> + +<p>This completed the clover design and it was exceedingly +pretty, but after it had been sufficiently admired it was +placed between papers under several heavy books to press, +that it might be more durable. It was after it had been +pressed that it looked like a piece of silk embroidery.</p> + +<p>Pasted designs can be made without pressing; but while +they are more beautiful they will not last as long as the +others. You can enjoy your fresh designs for a while and +then press them. Do not make the mistake of covering +the entire under part of a flower or leaf with paste as if +it were made of paper; a drop is all that is needed, more +will spoil it.</p> + +<p>Flowers do not always grow exactly as you want them +for your designs, but a too straight stem can be coaxed +to curve by drawing it between your fingers, and leaves +and sprays can be cut away or added as has been shown. +All this changing about only makes it more fun to work +out the design.</p> + +<p><a href="#Fig_18">Fig. 18</a> is a running design of clovers which can be used +for a border. The little arrows on <a href="#Fig_19">Fig. 19</a> show where the +different parts are joined.</p> + +<p>The large red clover was used for the design <a href="#Fig_20">Fig. 20</a> and +the leaves and buds of the red clover for <a href="#Fig_21">Fig. 21</a>. <a href="#Fig_22">Fig. +22</a> shows how the parts of <a href="#Fig_21">Fig. 21</a> are put together. These +drawings are all original from designs actually made of +fresh clover-blossoms and their foliage.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER V<br /> +<small>OTHER WILD-FLOWER DESIGNS</small></h2> + + +<h3>Daisy Fleabane Design</h3> + +<p><span class="smcap">Isn't</span> the design <a href="#Fig_23">Fig. 23</a> what grown-ups call Japanesque? +Doesn't it look as if it had been copied from a printed +pattern on a piece of Japanese cotton cloth?</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 479px;"> +<a id="Fig_23"></a> +<img src="images/i_029.png" width="479" height="392" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.23 - Daisy Fleabane design</div> +</div> + +<p>Well, it was not. It is from a design made especially +for you of real wild flowers, freshly gathered. The name +of the flower is the daisy fleabane which grows in almost +all open grassy fields where daisies and buttercups and +clovers are found.</p> + +<p>The illustration <a href="#Fig_24">Fig. 24</a> shows how the daisy fleabane<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> +looks when first gathered. Sometimes the blossom is entirely +white, sometimes it is tinged with purple, and it has +a bright-yellow centre. Its petals are as fine as a fringe, +like those of the asters that blossom in the fall.</p> + +<p>In making the design the full-blown flowers were pressed +down flat, which makes them round like a sunflower, +while the buds and partly open flowers were left as they +naturally grew. The composition, or arrangement, of this +design is like that used for the upright clover design (<a href="#Fig_16">Fig. +16</a>), that is, it has two tall side sprays and a shorter middle +spray; but see how very different the two designs are in +appearance. The clover is all graceful curves, the daisy +fleabane is stiff and formal with straight lines and angles.</p> + +<p>If you use the white flower, make the design on a sheet +of tinted paper, else the flower will not show. All white +flowers should have tinted paper for a background.</p> + + +<h3>Wild Mustard Design</h3> + +<p>The small, yellow blossoms of the wild mustard and +its compound leaves make very dainty designs. <a href="#Fig_25">Fig. 25</a> +is one of them.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<a id="Fig_25"></a> +<img src="images/i_030.png" width="600" height="178" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.25 - Wild Mustard design.</div> +</div> + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="illustrations"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 245px;"> +<a id="Fig_26"></a> +<img src="images/i_031a.png" width="245" height="611" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.26 - Wild Mustard.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 389px;"> +<a id="Fig_24"></a> +<img src="images/i_031b.png" width="389" height="727" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.24 - The Daisy Fleabane +grows like this.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + + +<p>From the drawing of the wild mustard (<a href="#Fig_26">Fig. 26</a>) you will +see that the flowers do not grow close to the leaves as they +are placed in this design, but on tall stems which lift them<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a><br /><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> +far above the scattered leaf-sprays. The design <a href="#Fig_25">Fig. 25</a> +was made by cutting off a number of flower-clusters and +leaves, and grouping first one flower-cluster and one leaf-spray +together, with the ends of their stems touching, then +another flower-cluster +and another leaf-spray. +The arrows in <a href="#Fig_27">Fig. 27</a> +show where the stems +are brought together, +and the design <a href="#Fig_25">Fig. 25</a> +shows how the joining +of the first two is covered +with one of the +small leaves of the second +leaf-spray, and how +the joining of the second two is hidden under a leaf of the +third leaf-spray, and so on.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 353px;"> +<a id="Fig_27"></a> +<img src="images/i_032a.png" width="353" height="209" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.27 - Parts of Wild Mustard design.</div> +</div> + +<p>There are four flower-clusters and five leaf-sprays in +the design. You can have as many as you wish but must +end them with a leaf-spray.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 542px;"> +<a id="Fig_28"></a> +<img src="images/i_032b.png" width="542" height="271" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.28 - Buttercup design.</div> +</div> + + +<h3>Buttercups—a Design</h3> + +<p>Buttercups are so beautifully golden, so glossy and +bright, you would think they could be made into many<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> +nice things, a gold necklace for instance. And so they +could if they only would not wilt almost as soon as they +are gathered. To be sure, they will revive and freshen up +when put in water if they are not too much wilted, but +we cannot make them into jewelry while their stems are +in water.</p> + +<p>Still there is something buttercups can be used for, and +that is designs. <a href="#Fig_28">Fig. 28</a> is a drawing from the simplest +kind of a buttercup design but a pretty one. It shows +five wide-open blossoms placed in a row at equal distances +apart with a little spray of leaves and bud at the lower +end of each stem. These sprays do not grow as they are +in the design but are added after the flowers are placed +in a row.</p> + +<p>As in all other designs, each flower, bud, and stem is +touched with paste on the under-side to hold it in place +on the paper. A design like <a href="#Fig_28">Fig. 28</a> should be pressed after +it is arranged, and it will last a long while and keep its +bright color. A number of other and very beautiful designs +can be made of the common wild buttercup.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER VI<br /> +<small>PUSSY-WILLOWS</small></h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">We</span> all welcome and love the dear little pussy-willows +(<a href="#Fig_29">Fig. 29</a>) whose fur is so soft and silvery. How pretty +they look sitting along the slender, +bare branches of the small American +willow-tree which is their home. +The pussies like to come early to +assure us that spring is here. They +are very tame little kitties, and will +allow you to carry them away to +your school or to your home.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 159px;"> +<a id="Fig_29"></a> +<img src="images/i_034.png" width="159" height="659" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.29 - Pussy-Willows.</div> +</div> + +<p>Sometimes pussy-willows turn into +little rabbits, squirrels, bumblebees, +and mice, but they need your help, +they cannot make the magic change +alone. It will be lots of fun helping +them if you do it this way.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 463px;"> +<a id="Fig_30"></a> +<img src="images/i_035a.png" width="463" height="342" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.30 - The Rabbit and the Rabbit's ears, enlarged.</div> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 587px;"> +<a id="Fig_31"></a> +<img src="images/i_035b.png" width="587" height="100" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.31 - The Pussy-Willow Bunnies.</div> +</div> + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 475px;"> +<a id="Fig_32"></a> +<img src="images/i_035c.png" width="475" height="398" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.32 - Pussy-Willow Squirrel, enlarged.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 129px;"> +<a id="Fig_33"></a> +<img src="images/i_035d.png" width="129" height="432" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.33 - Paper tail, enlarged, +for squirrel.</div> +</div> +</td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + +<h3>Pussy-Willow Rabbits</h3> + +<p>Take a small branch of the very +largest pussies you can find, have +ready some scraps of smooth, fresh +writing-paper, a piece of cardboard, +pair of scissors, and some good paste. +It only requires long ears to change +the pussy-willows into bunnies. Cut +the ears from your writing-paper like +the pattern <a href="#Fig_30">Fig. 30</a>. Put paste on<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a><br /><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span> +the strip between the letters G and H, then take a pussy +from the branch and stick the paste-covered strip just +above the small end of the pussy, which will be the bunny's +head. The arrow I, <a href="#Fig_30">Fig. 30</a>, points to the place for +the ears. When the paste has dried bend the ears up +like the ears of the rabbits in <a href="#Fig_31">Fig. 31</a>. Make three or +four rabbits to keep each other company and paste them +in a row on your piece of cardboard.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 510px;"> +<a id="Fig_34"></a> +<img src="images/i_036.png" width="510" height="554" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.34 - The Pussy-Willow Bumble-Bee.</div> +</div> + + +<h3>A Pussy-Willow Squirrel</h3> + +<p>This little gray squirrel (<a href="#Fig_32">Fig. 32</a>), sitting up in such a +lifelike pose, must be made of a slightly bent, rather long,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span> +slender pussy. Pull forward some of the fur near the small +end so that it will look like the front legs of the squirrel +when he holds a nut in his hand-like front paws, and push +up two tufts on the head for ears. The pussy from which +<a href="#Fig_32">Fig. 32</a> was made already had these tufts for legs and ears, +and it looked so much like a squirrel one simply had to +add the tail and let it be a squirrel.</p> + + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 257px;"><a id="Fig_35"></a> +<img src="images/i_037a.png" width="257" height="387" alt="drawing bee body" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.35 - Parts of bumble-bee.</div> +</div></td> +<td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 330px;"><a id="Fig_36"></a> +<img src="images/i_037b.png" width="330" height="375" alt="drawing bee legs" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.36 - Draw the legs of the bee +like this.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + +<p>Cut the paper tail like the pattern <a href="#Fig_33">Fig. 33</a>, fringe it +along the edge and bend forward the little lap at the +bottom which is separated from the tail by the dotted +line. Curve the tail backward, put paste on top of the +lap, and stick the lap to the under part of the large end of +the pussy; then paste the finished squirrel to a piece of +pasteboard cut round or square as you like best.</p> + + +<h3>Pussy-Willow Bumblebee</h3> + +<p>Mr. Bumblebee (<a href="#Fig_34">Fig. 34</a>) needs one whole pussy for his +body, one-half of a pussy for his big, round throat, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> +a small piece of the pussy for his head (<a href="#Fig_35">Fig. 35</a>). On the +piece of cardboard which is to hold the bee, draw his legs +like <a href="#Fig_36">Fig. 36</a>, then paste the three parts—body, throat, and +head—on top of the legs. <a href="#Fig_37">Fig. 37</a> shows how it would look +underneath if you could +see through the paper, so +you will know exactly +where to paste first the +throat, then the head, and +lastly the body. The edges +of these parts where they +join must be pushed close +together.</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 346px;"><a id="Fig_37"></a> +<img src="images/i_038a.png" width="346" height="373" alt="drawing diagram" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.37 - Paste the three parts of the +bee on top of the legs.</div> +</div></td> +<td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 349px;"> +<a id="Fig_38"></a> +<img src="images/i_038b.png" width="349" height="365" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.38 - Mr. Bumble-Bee, enlarged, ready +for his wings.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + +<p>A bumblebee has slightly +curved spikes extending +from his head which are +called antennæ. <a href="#Fig_38">Fig. 38</a> +shows you where to draw +them. You will also see +on the same diagram +how to widen the six +legs, making them +thicker and more lifelike. +Cut paper wings the shape of <a href="#Fig_39">Fig. 39</a>, making them the +proper size to fit your bee. Remember that a bumblebee +has small, short wings compared to the size of its body. +Bend the lap at the bottom of the wing along the dotted +line, and paste the lap of each wing onto the sides of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span> +Mr. Bumblebee's chest. The wings turn back over the +laps and hide them. (See <a href="#Fig_40">Fig. 40</a>). The finished bee is +shown in <a href="#Fig_34">Fig. 34</a>.</p> + + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="diagrams"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 390px;"> +<img src="images/i_039a.png" width="390" height="219" alt="diagram" /><a id="Fig_39"></a> +<div class="caption">Fig.39 - Pattern of bumble-bee wing.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 251px;"> +<img src="images/i_039b.png" width="251" height="224" alt="diagram" /><a id="Fig_40"></a> +<div class="caption">Fig.40 - Showing lap of wing bent back.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + + +<p>If you cut a leaf out of green paper and put your bumble-bee +on that instead of on the cardboard, he will look, with +his extended wings, as if just ready to fly, and will make +a fine addition to your collection of things made of outdoor +material.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 597px;"> +<a id="Fig_41"></a> +<img src="images/i_039c.png" width="597" height="235" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.41 - Pussy-Willow Mouse, enlarged.</div> +</div> + + +<h3>Pussy-Willow Mouse</h3> + +<p>Then there is the pussy-willow mouse (<a href="#Fig_41">Fig. 41</a>). He is +a nice little gray mouse with a long tail.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span></p> + +<p>Choose a large pussy-willow for this mouse, ruffle the +fur up on top of the head and it will look like ears. The +head is at the small end of the pussy. Paste one end of a +piece of cotton string under the large end of the mouse, +and that will be his tail. The string should be white.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 440px;"><a id="Fig_42"></a> +<img src="images/i_040.png" width="440" height="439" alt="diagram" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.42 - Jumping Pussy-Willow Game-Board.</div> +</div> + +<p>Finish by pasting the mouse to a round or square piece +of pasteboard.</p> + + +<h3>Jumping Pussy-Willows—a Game</h3> + +<p>This is a good game and it will make you laugh to see +the pussies leap up in the air, sail along a short distance, +and land on a numbered square of the game-board.</p> + +<p>The board (<a href="#Fig_42">Fig. 42</a>) should be ten or twelve inches +square. Cut it from a flat, even box lid or any other +pasteboard you happen to have. Draw straight lines from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span> +top to bottom about one inch apart, then more straight +lines from side to side one inch apart. This will divide the +board into squares like a checker-board. Each of these +squares must be numbered and you can draw or paste them +in. <a href="#Fig_42">Fig. 42</a> shows how the game-board should look.</p> + +<p>To play the game, lay the board down on a flat surface, +a stone will do if you are out-of-doors, or even the ground; +and a table, if in the house. In front of the board draw +a short line for the starting-post. The line should be ten +or more inches from the board according to the distance +you can make the pussies jump. Any number of players +may join in the game and each player should have his +own jumping pussy.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 560px;"> +<a id="Fig_43"></a> +<img src="images/i_041.png" width="560" height="249" alt="drawing" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.43 - Place your finger on the Pussy-Willow and +make it jump.</div> +</div> + +<p><a href="#Fig_43">Fig. 43</a> shows how to place the pussy under the tip of +your right forefinger, with the large, blunt end standing +a little out beyond the finger-tip. When ready to shoot, +press down suddenly on the pussy and, as your finger slides +off the small end, away jumps pussy and lands on a square +of the game-board. Each player plays in turn, always, +of course, placing the pussy on the starting-line when shooting. +The player whose pussy lands on the highest number +wins the game. Jumping pussy-willow can also be played<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span> +by dividing the players into two even sides; then the side +which has the highest score, after the numbers won by +them have been added up, is the winner.</p> + + +<h3>Pussy-Willow Bouquet</h3> + +<p>A nice, big bunch of pussy-willows makes an attractive +bouquet, and a very welcome one early in the spring. "The +pussies are out!" we hear some one say, and then the boys +and girls vie with one another in their effort to be the first +to find and bring home branches of the little catkins as +proof that spring has come and they were the first to see +her.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER VII<br /> +<small>ARRANGEMENT OF FLOWERS</small></h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> arrangement of flowers is interesting and means +a great deal. It means that this chapter will tell you what +wild flowers look prettiest on the dinner-table and in bowls +and vases in other parts of the house; what flowers and +vines will keep fresh longest, and the kind that do not +need water but are beautiful when dry. It means that +you can learn not to force a tightly packed handful of all +sorts of flowers into a small vase and expect them to look +well. Flowers don't like crowding and are quite particular +about their associates.</p> + +<p>If you come in hot and tired after your walk, put the +flowers you have gathered into a pail of fresh water and +let them stay there until you have rested and are ready +to sort them out and make each kind look its very best. +All flowers do not appear well in stiff, straight vases; all +do not look well in bowls. That is the first thing to learn, +and the next is that while some flowers seem to smile upon +and nestle lovingly up to some others, there are kinds that +they seem to draw away from and frown upon. Only a +few examples can be given here. If you love the flowers +you will find out more for yourself.</p> + + +<h3>The Wild Morning-Glory</h3> + +<p>In your walks through the fields and along the country +roadsides have you ever noticed the wild morning-glory? +Of course, you have seen it and, perhaps, gathered some +blossoms, only to find them in a short time wilted in your<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span> +hand or turned into little, long bags, puckered at the top +as if drawn up with a string.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 593px;"> +<a id="Fig_44"></a> +<img src="images/i_044.png" width="593" height="496" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.44 - This is the way the Wild Morning Glory looks.</div> +</div> + +<p>When I say noticed, I mean have you thought about +the flowers while you looked at them? Have you noticed +their shape and beautiful color, and have you seen the +great difference between the green leaf of the wild morning-glory +and that of the cultivated one?</p> +<div class="figleft" style="width: 436px;"><a id="Fig_45"></a> +<img src="images/i_045.png" width="436" height="599" alt="" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.45 - The Wild Morning Glory blossomed +after it was gathered.</div> +</div> +<p>The wild morning-glory leaf (<a href="#Fig_44">Fig. 44</a>) is more beautiful +in shape, the vine is more graceful, and the blossom just +as lovely as the cultivated morning-glory, and all this +beauty need not be left behind when you gather the +wild flowers which are to make the rooms of your home +charming.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span></p> + +<p>While I write this, July 7, there stands on a table in our +living-room a tall glass vase, wide at the top and holding +plenty of water. It is filled with a mass of wild morning-glory-vines, +and there are four new, entirely open, pink +and white blossoms while others are just twisting open.</p> + + + +<p>Four days ago, when out for a walk in the country, I +gathered the vine by the roadside where it grew in the +company of daisies, buttercups, and wild mustard. Lifting +themselves up into the light, where the warmth of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span> +morning sun could open the buds and where the leaves +could breathe in the fresh air, some of these trailing vines +had wound themselves in masses around tall, strong weed-stalks.</p> + +<p>I gathered the vines, weed-stalks and all, breaking them +off close to the ground; and now these stalks hold most +of the vines upright in the vase, while other sprays droop +gracefully over the edge and hang down almost to the +table-top. Only one or two flowers were in bloom when +I found the vines, but there were quantities of green buds +which I hoped would open later, and that is just what +they are doing. It is like having wild flowers growing in +one's window. And as for decoration, nothing can be more +beautiful (<a href="#Fig_45">Fig. 45</a>).</p> + +<p>Trailing vines always make pretty decorations, and +many wild ones keep fresh a long while when given plenty +of water. Some have flowers, some have not, but in any +case they are worth gathering when you have large vases +to fill.</p> + + +<h3>The Wild Balsam-Apple</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>or as some people call it, the wild cucumber, is very +decorative. That means it has beautiful curves and twists, +and its small, white flowers, prickly, egg-shaped fruit, and +long tendrils twisted spirally, like a steel watch-spring let +loose, make us love to look at it. The leaves are pretty, +too, being shaped almost like a five-pointed star. Sometimes +this vine is cultivated and you will find it trained +up on strings to shade the porch, or over the kitchen-door +of a farmhouse. Wherever you find it, it is beautiful. A +large jar filled with sprays of the wild balsam makes a +good centrepiece for the table, or a tall vase holding some +upright and some drooping sprays looks very pretty when +placed near a window where the light will fall on it. Do +not mix other flowers with it, its own blossoms are sufficient.</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>Wild Clematis</h3> + +<p>The wild clematis is another beautiful vine, and you +will find it clambering over fences and bushes along the +country road. Its masses of white flowers fill the air with +a sweet, spicy perfume that delights you.</p> + +<p>You can gather the clematis when it is in blossom, and +keep it fresh in water for some time if you put it in root +ends down. This vine does not wilt as you carry it. Later +in the season, when the white flowers have turned into +balls of silvery fringe, the vine is lovely in a different way. +Then you can gather great armfuls and take it home to +hang over mirrors or picture-frames, letting it become +quite dry. It is best to strip the leaves off the sprays at +first because they are not beautiful when dry. In a day +or two after hanging up your clematis the balls of fringe +will become a mass of soft down which will cling to the +vine for many weeks. Later, when it becomes dusty, take +it down.</p> + + +<h3>Bittersweet</h3> + +<p>Then there is bittersweet, another wild vine that we +gather in the fall. It covers fences and bushes as the +clematis does, but instead of turning into fringe balls its +small, creamy white flowers become bunches of berries.</p> + +<p>The berries are yellow at first; when ripe they split open +and curl back to show the brilliant red seeds inside that +look like coral beads.</p> + +<p>Gather the bittersweet while the berries are yellow, +strip off the green leaves, and hang the vine up dry or put +it in a large vase without water. Then the berries will +open and last all winter.</p> + + +<h3>Snapdragon and Wild Carrot</h3> + +<p>Both of these are pretty flowers and worth gathering. +The snapdragon (perhaps you call it butter-and-eggs) does +not mind at all where it grows. Field, roadside, or even<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span> +the village streets may be its home, but wherever it lives, +it makes the spot shine joyously with its stalks of yellow +blossoms. Snapdragons combine well with the wild carrot, +whose other name is Queen Anne's lace, and together +they make a delicate and beautiful bouquet.</p> + +<p>If you have a large glass fish-globe fill it with fresh +water, and put in the snapdragon and wild carrot in a +loose bouquet. Nothing could be prettier for the August +lunch-table than this.</p> + + +<h3>Wild Roses</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>look best in a low glass bowl, for they have no stems to +speak of. Short-stemmed flowers do not belong in tall +vases. The roses wilt quickly out of water and should +have plenty of it.</div> + +<p>Do not put any other kind of flowers in the bowl; the +roses won't like it; neither will you when you see how +much better they look by themselves.</p> + + +<h3>Daisies and Buttercups</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>so friendly in the fields, look pretty when arranged in a +deep jar together, but I would not mix daisies with any +other flowers, unless it is the lacy wild carrot. Buttercups +look well with the carrot, too, and buttercups look +pretty mixed with grasses. You see they all know each +other very well, growing in the fields together.</div> + + +<h3>The Wild Flag, or Iris</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>whose home is along the banks of ponds and small streams, +should be put into a tall clear glass vase or pitcher, where +its stems will show through, that it may look its best.</div> + +<p>There is the yellow iris, the white and the purple, and +they are very beautiful when combined but not crowded. +Always put some of the long-spiked leaves in with the +flowers.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>Clover Bouquets</h3> + +<p>Clover bouquets make delightful centrepieces for the +table. Arranged loosely with its own green foliage, the +rose-colored clover is especially beautiful in a clear, green +glass bowl of water. The sprays should be brought over +the edges of the bowl, and allowed to droop down, resting +partly on the table.</p> + +<p>Yellow clover and its foliage mingled with white clover +makes a charming combination as a bouquet for almost +any occasion. The name of the yellow clover is hop-clover. +It is not as common as the other kinds.</p> + + +<h3>Green Bouquets</h3> + +<p>When there are no flowers to be had you can have +bouquets and centrepieces of green leaves, ferns, and vines, +and you will be surprised to find what pretty ones can be +arranged and how much they will be admired.</p> + +<p>Ferns will wither soon unless taken up with the roots +and the soil surrounding them; but if they have the roots +and soil they will last a long while, provided you put them +in a bowl or jar and keep them <i>always wet</i>. That does +not mean to water them as you would any other growing +plant, but to keep them <i>standing</i> in water <i>all the time</i>. +Maidenhair-fern kept in this way makes a delicate and +beautiful centrepiece for the table.</p> + +<p>Sometimes you will find varieties of foliage that are +full of color. In early summer the young leaves of the +scrub-oak are very brilliant in reds and yellows, and I have +made bouquets of nothing but leaves from the rose-bushes. +These are often tinged with red and purple. Sprays of +the barberry-bush with its rows of dangling red berries +are pretty in a green bowl. Be careful of the thorns when +you gather this. Cut the stems; do not try to break them.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2><i>PART II</i><br /> +<small>GRASSES</small></h2> + + + +<hr class="chap" /> +<h2>CHAPTER VIII<br /> +<small>FAIRY-TREES MADE OF GRASSES</small></h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Some</span> of our grasses appear like very large trees to the +little grass fairies who, we like to pretend, hide in their +midst; while other grasses, with their jointed, bamboo-like +stems, seem to these tiny people to be tall forests of +real bamboo.</p> + +<p>Why not play that you are a little fairy and live among +the grasses? But to see the grasses as the fairies see them +you must lie down and bring your eyes very near the +ground; so stretch yourself out flat, face down, with your +head lower than the grass tops; then look steadily ahead +through the tall grass stems. What do you see?</p> + +<p>The five fairy-trees standing by themselves in <a href="#Fig_46">Fig. 46</a> +are four short-stemmed tops of the Scribner's panic-grass. +<a href="#Fig_47">Fig. 47</a> shows exactly how the grass looks before you pick +it, and <a href="#Fig_48">Fig. 48</a> gives a simple design that you can make +by placing the tips of the four grass tops together, allowing +the stems of two heads to lie in a straight horizontal +line (that means a line running from left to right), and +the stems of the other two heads to lie in a straight line +vertically (that means up and down).</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<a id="Fig_46"></a> +<img src="images/i_051.png" width="500" height="441" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.46 - Trees of Scribner's Panic-Grass.</div> +</div> +<p>While you are playing with the grasses you can begin +to learn something about them. The beard-grass, which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> +some people call the little blue-stem (<a href="#Fig_49">Fig. 49</a>), has near relatives +named forked beard-grass and bushy beard-grass. +These are stiff and angular, with bamboo-like stems, just +the thing for trees in a little Japanese garden which some +time you will want to make. You may run across them +anywhere, for they are common in all parts of our country.</p> + + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 409px;"> +<a id="Fig_47"></a> +<img src="images/i_052.png" width="409" height="694" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.47 - Scribner's Panic-Grass as it grows, +Panicum Scribnerianum.</div> +</div> + +<p>Make friends with these and with other grasses. As +you find them learn their names just as you would learn +the names of new playmates. Take the grasses home, +show them to your father and to your mother; if they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> +do not know their names, carry them to school and ask +your teacher about them. In case she cannot tell you, go +to the public library with your grasses and persuade the +librarian at the desk to help you find their pictures and +names in some of her books. All grasses have names, so<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span> +keep asking and hunting until you know what to call them. +When you know their names you will be glad to see your +friends, the pretty green grasses, whenever you find them.</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 455px;"> +<a id="Fig_49"></a> +<img src="images/i_053.png" width="455" height="792" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.49 - You will run across these anywhere.</div> +</div> + +<p>In <a href="#CHAPTER_XVIII">Chapter XVIII</a>, which tells how to make a burdock-burr +house, you will find more about grasses.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 547px;"> +<a id="Fig_48"></a> +<img src="images/i_054.png" width="547" height="572" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.48 - Scribner's Panic-Grass. Design made of four grass heads.</div> +</div> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER IX<br /> +<small>A HOUSE MADE OF GRASS</small></h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Real</span> people live in grass houses way off in the Philippine +Islands. That is, their houses are made of bamboo, which +is a kind of giant grass. It must be a pretty airy, comfortable +house in summer, and it is always summer in the +Philippines, but we never see that kind of houses here. +One reason is because in most of our country a grass house +would be very cold in winter, and another reason for not +building them is because the bamboo grows only in the +extreme south, and even down there people want more +substantial homes.</p> + +<p>A prettier playhouse, though, could not be devised, and +if you could see a Filipino house you would want it immediately, +but since you cannot have a real one you can have +the fun of making a little doll Filipino house, and of +making it exactly as the little brown Filipino men make +theirs. Suppose you gather some grass and twigs now, +and build the little house for your doll.</p> + +<p>Some of the queer little people whose home is in the +Philippine Islands perch their houses like birds' nests up +in the trees, but often they are built on stilts to lift them +high from the ground. Our little house (<a href="#Fig_50">Fig. 50</a>) shall +be on stilts. We will make the floor first. If you do not +understand how to measure by inches, ask an older person +to help you.</p> + + +<h3>The Floor</h3> + +<p>Find two straight, round sticks, not quite as large round +as a lead-pencil. The sticks must be cut six and a half<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span> +inches long, then two sticks of the same kind five inches +long; after that there must be six more sticks five inches +long. Split these last six sticks in half lengthwise.</p> + +<p>The Philippine people do not use nails, or screws, or glue, +and not even wooden pegs, in building their houses; they +bind and tie the parts together with rattan, and as we are +going to build just as they do we, too, will tie the parts +of our house together, but will use raffia in place of the +rattan.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 601px;"> +<a id="Fig_50"></a> +<img src="images/i_056.png" width="601" height="517" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.50 - The little Grass House you can make.</div> +</div> + +<p>Hold one of the six-and-a-half-inch sticks (letter J, <a href="#Fig_51">Fig. +51</a>) upright in your hand while you cross it a short distance +below the top with a five-inch-round stick (letter<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span> +K, <a href="#Fig_51">Fig. 51</a>). The distance from the top of the upright +stick to the crossing and the distance from the short end +of the other stick to the crossing must be the same.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 336px;"> +<a id="Fig_51"></a> +<img src="images/i_057a.png" width="336" height="368" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.51 - Begin binding +them together.</div> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 372px;"> +<a id="Fig_52"></a> +<img src="images/i_057b.png" width="372" height="405" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.52 - Carry the raffia over and +between the two ends of the sticks.</div> +</div> + +<p>Begin binding them together as shown in <a href="#Fig_51">Fig. 51</a>. Then +carry the raffia (string will do if you cannot get raffia) over +and between the two ends of the sticks +(<a href="#Fig_52">Fig. 52</a>), and wind it opposite ways +several times around +the sticks, bringing +the raffia between as +well as over them. +This will lash them firmly together. Now turn this beginning +of your floor around so that the short stick will be +upright and the long one extend from side to side. Do +not let the binding loosen; hold it tight and cross the long +stick with one of the split five-inch sticks (<a href="#Fig_53">Fig. 53</a>). Be +sure that the flat side of the split stick is next to the long +stick, and that you leave a slight opening between it and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span> +the first crosspiece. Pull the raffia tight and bind it +over this second crosspiece (<a href="#Fig_54">Fig. 54</a>), then back, crossing +it as in <a href="#Fig_55">Fig. 55</a>.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 334px;"> +<a id="Fig_53"></a><a id="Fig_54"></a><a id="Fig_55"></a> +<img src="images/i_058.png" width="334" height="346" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.53 - Turn the sticks, bringing J +in horizontal position.<br />Fig.54 - Bind raffia over second stick. +<br />Fig.55 - Then bring raffia across front +of second stick</div> +</div> + +<p>Bind on the next split crosspiece in the same way, and +go on adding crosspieces until they reach almost to the +end of the long stick, +then let the last crosspiece +be the second +unsplit five-inch stick. +When all the short +crosspieces are properly +bound onto the +long stick, bind the +other six-and-a-half-inch +long stick under +the opposite ends of +the crosspieces in the +same way, and just as +carefully (<a href="#Fig_56">Fig. 56</a>). +This makes the floor +and we must lash it to +the stilts, which are +four upright sticks, +each seven and one +half inches long. Fit +the stilts in the outside +corners made by the crossing of the end and side sticks of +the floor, and, holding the floor about four and a half +inches above the lower ends of the stilts, bind floor and +stilts together (<a href="#Fig_57">Fig. 57</a>). Of course you can put the stilts +on only one at a time.</p> + + +<h3>The Walls</h3> + +<p>Make the framework for the walls by binding and tying +onto the stilts near the top two sticks, each six and a half<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span> +inches long, one stick on +each side. Across these +sticks, from stilt to stilt, at +each end, bind a five-inch-length +stick (<a href="#Fig_58">Fig. 58</a>).</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 310px;"> +<a id="Fig_56"></a> +<img src="images/i_059a.png" width="310" height="273" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.56 - Make the floor this way.</div> +</div> + + +<h3>The Roof</h3> + +<p>To support the roof +there must be two upright +sticks, each seven inches +long, and these sticks must +be bound and tied to the middle of the end sticks of the +floor and the end sticks of the wall. They are lettered +L and L in <a href="#Fig_59">Fig. 59</a></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 314px;"> +<a id="Fig_57"></a> +<img src="images/i_059b.png" width="314" height="284" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.57 - Lash the floor to +the stilts.</div> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 307px;"> +<a id="Fig_58"></a> +<img src="images/i_059c.png" width="307" height="301" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.58 - Bind on four more poles +making framework for walls.</div> +</div> + +<p><a href="#Fig_60">Fig. 60</a> shows the framework of the house without the +bindings, so that you may see exactly how the sticks are +put together. There is a ridge-pole which forms the top +ridge of the roof. This must be a stick about seven inches +long, and it is to be tied to the uprights lettered L and L<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span> +that you have just fastened on the two ends of the house. +(See <a href="#Fig_59">Fig. 59</a>, L and L.) Four other sticks, M and M and +N and N, long enough to reach from the ridge-pole, crossing +above it, to the side crosspieces of the wall, you must tie +to the ridge-pole and the side-wall sticks, placing them +slanting, as you see them in <a href="#Fig_60">Fig. 60</a>, at each end.</p> + + +<h3>The Porch</h3> + +<p>Like many other people, the Filipino wants a porch +to his house. Perhaps he sits there to smoke his curious +little pipe, which is not much larger than the one you make +of an acorn. I have never seen him on his porch, but I +have seen him smoke and afterward tuck his pipe away +in his long, fuzzy hair, where it remained in safety even +while he leaped and pranced about in the wild dance he +loves so much.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 279px;"> +<a id="Fig_59"></a> +<img src="images/i_060a.png" width="279" height="307" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.59 - End poles are added to +hold up the roof.</div> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 324px;"> +<a id="Fig_60"></a> +<img src="images/i_060b.png" width="324" height="360" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.60 - This is the way the house +is put together.</div> +</div> + +<p>But we must not forget the porch. If the Filipino<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span> +has one to his house, we must have a porch to ours. We +won't make it separately and add it to the part already +built, but, as the Filipino does, we will use part of the +house-floor for the floor +of the porch, and let the +roof cover that as well +as the house. To do +this we must separate +the house part from the +porch part by putting +up two more uprights, +one on each side, a little +way back from the front +of the house, and these +uprights will form the +boundary-line. Letters +O and P in <a href="#Fig_60">Fig. 60</a> are +these last uprights, the +sticks which form them +being long enough to +reach from the wall side-piece +to the floor, and +extend a little above +and below where they +cross the upper and +lower sticks.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 330px;"> +<a id="Fig_61"></a> +<img src="images/i_061a.png" width="330" height="397" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.61 - Fresh grass instead of +palms over one side wall.</div> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 293px;"> +<a id="Fig_62"></a> +<img src="images/i_061b.png" width="293" height="279" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.62 - Strips of wood to bind +down the grass on wall.</div> +</div> + + +<h3>Thatching</h3> + +<p>Now we come to the +real grass part of the +house, for we have had to use small sticks for the framework +instead of bamboo, and where the Filipino uses palm-leaves +we will use grass.</p> + +<p>Gather some long, coarse, fresh blades of grass for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span> +thatching both the roof and walls, and begin with the walls. +Bunch the grass evenly, the stem ends all together, bend +the bunch at the centre, then spread it out at its centre, +and hang it thickly over one side-wall beam, which is the +upper stick (<a href="#Fig_61">Fig. 61</a>). Have the stem ends inside the house +hang down as long as the tip ends on the outside, and +let the outside ends hang +down below the edge of +the floor; then take a flat +strip of wood and place it +near the top of the grass-covered +wall, bend the +ends a little and slide +them back of the uprights +(<a href="#Fig_62">Fig. 62</a>). Smooth the +grass down evenly and put +in another flat stick, this +time at the bottom (<a href="#Fig_62">Fig. +62</a>). If you want the inside +of the house as perfect as +the outside, slide in two +other strips on the inside +of each wall to hold the +grass down. <a href="#Fig_62">Fig. 62</a> shows +the grass partially trimmed +off to make it even at the +bottom.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 302px;"> +<a id="Fig_63"></a> +<img src="images/i_062a.png" width="302" height="134" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.63 - Pole rafter being thatched +for roof.</div> +</div> + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;"> +<a id="Fig_64"></a> +<img src="images/i_062b.png" width="250" height="112" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.64 - Shows exactly how the +raffia is tied</div></div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 296px;"> +<a id="Fig_65"></a> +<img src="images/i_062c.png" width="296" height="135" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.65 - Hang grass over ridge +pole of roof.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + + + +<p>To thatch the roof you +will need two more sticks +for rafters. Over one stick, +near the end, tie a bunch of grass into a tassel, using a +piece of raffia to bind it; hang more grass over the stick +or rafter, and tie it into another tassel, and with the same +piece of raffia tie a third tassel (<a href="#Fig_63">Fig. 63</a>). <a href="#Fig_64">Fig. 64</a> shows +exactly how the raffia is tied. Make the tassels rather<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span> +thick and put them close together so that there will be +no space between.</p> + +<p>When this rafter (the stick) is covered with thatch lay +it across the side of the roof half-way between the ridge-pole +(top stick on the roof) and the stick forming the side +wall of the house, and tie the ends securely to the slanting +sticks of the roof. Thatch another rafter and fasten it +on the opposite side of the roof, then cover two shorter +sticks with thatch and tie one across the front, the other +across the back peak of the roof on a line with the thatched +rafters on the sides.</p> + +<p>Fasten more thatch at the front and back peak of the +roof, tying it to the ridge-pole, also to the two slanting +sticks. Allow the grass to hang down far enough to cover +the top of the thatch below it (<a href="#Fig_50">Fig. 50</a>). This thatch must +entirely fill up the ends of the roof made by the peak. Now +hang grass over the ridge-pole at the top of the roof as +you would hang your doll's little sheets on your toy clothes-line +(<a href="#Fig_65">Fig. 65</a>), and bring the ends down over the thatched +rafters on each side of the roof. Hold this top thatch in +place by laying sticks across the grass just below the ridge-pole +on each side of the roof. Bind and tie these sticks at +each end to the framework of the house (<a href="#Fig_50">Fig. 50</a>).</p> + +<p>If grass cannot be had for thatching, soak hay in water +to make it soften and take the stiffness out, then use that. +Raffia dyed green might do, or should all else fail, take +fine broom-straws softened in hot water for the thatch, and +use loosely twisted string for binding and tying. Of course +the string should not be white, but you can dip it in coffee +and dry it; the color will then be like the color of rattan.</p> + + +<h3>The Ladder</h3> + +<p>The spry little Filipinos use ladders instead of stairs +to reach their living-room, so we must make a rustic ladder +for our house.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 192px;"> +<a id="Fig_66"></a> +<img src="images/i_064.png" width="192" height="582" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.66 - The ladder will +be strong and firm.</div> +</div> +<p>Cut two slender sticks about six and one-half inches +long for the sides; then cut seven or eight short sticks +for the crosspieces or rungs. The rungs should be one +and three-quarter inches long. Bind and tie the ends of +the rungs to the side sticks (<a href="#Fig_66">Fig. 66</a>), +placing them about three-quarters +of an inch apart. The ends of the +rungs must cross the side sticks and +extend out about one-quarter of an +inch. If properly tied, your little +ladder will be firm and strong.</p> + +<p>Place the ladder one end resting +on the ground, the other end on the +front edge of the porch, then stand +off and admire your work. It is +certainly worth admiring, for the +house will be a perfect miniature +Filipino home, and you may imagine +you can see tall cocoanut-palms +and many other strange and +beautiful trees and plants that grow +in the hot Philippine Islands. You +might copy some of these with +grasses and small flowering wild +plants.</p> + +<p>If you have a Noah's ark it will +be a good idea to select some of +the animals that live in the Philippines +and put them in the little +rattan and bamboo jungles which you have made of +grasses. A piece of looking-glass or plain window-glass +can represent water not far from the house, and here you +should have a crocodile sunning himself on the bank. Let +a wild boar be plunging out of the jungle, and deep in the +bamboo grove you might hide the tremendously large<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span> +snake called a boa. I don't think there will be a boa in +your Noah's ark, but you can make one of bread dough, +or of clay. With all these dangerous creatures prowling +round, do you think it strange that the Filipino people +put their houses on stilts?</p> + +<p>If this were a real house in the real Philippines you might +see a number of natives, wearing little or no clothes, coming +toward you bringing small snakes which they had +caught to sell in the towns for rat-catchers. And near +the house there would be most wonderful flowers, some +of them orchids, the flowers that live on air; while all +around would be strange and rare birds.</p> + +<p>At one side of the house, some distance away, there +would, perhaps, be a wet rice-field where the queer water-buffalo, +called a carabao, would be drawing a strange-looking +plough, the driver, a little brown man, wearing an immense +umbrella-like hat woven of palm-leaves.</p> + +<p>Listen! Do you hear that deep, booming sound? It +comes from the peculiar tree which a native is striking +with his big club in slow, heavy blows on one of its immense, +wall-like roots. The sound goes rolling far over +the land, telephoning to other natives that white people +are coming.</p> + + +<h3>A Doll Filipino Woman</h3> + +<p>To make the little house seem more real, dress a doll +in genuine Philippine costume and stand her near the +ladder with arms extended as if in welcome. The dress +must be a white waist with flowing sleeves, a light-colored +skirt, a large gay handkerchief, called a <i>pañuelo</i>, folded +around the doll's neck, and an overskirt made of a square +of dark cloth drawn tightly around her body from waist +to knees. No stockings are needed, but you can give her +heelless slippers with only a narrow strip over the toes +to keep them on.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER X<br /> + +<small>GRASS DRESS AND GRASS HEAD-DRESS</small></h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Look</span> at the little girl in the photograph who is wearing +her new grass dress made of the wavy hair-grass and playing +that she is a wood-nymph. She feels very proud and +is greatly pleased with her pretty costume.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a id="Fig_67"></a><a id="Fig_68"></a><a id="Fig_69"></a> +<img src="images/i_066.png" width="600" height="327" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.67 - Bring the long end of string across front of +second bunch and form loop A.</div> +<br /> +<div class="caption">Fig.68 - First loop, A, on front of grass and string passed around +back of grass forming second loop, B.</div> +<br /> +<div class="caption">Fig.69 - String brought forward again and slipped through +first loop, A.</div></div> + +<p>Almost any kind of long, slender grasses can be used +for a dress of this kind, but you must gather an armful +or more. It takes a good deal of material, for the fringe +must be close and thick.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 428px;"><a id="photograph"></a> +<img src="images/i_067.jpg" width="428" height="600" alt="Phtotograph of girl in costume" /> +<div class="caption">She is greatly pleased with her pretty grass costume.</div> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span></p> + +<p>Divide the grass into bunches, each bunch about as +thick as your thumb, and have the heads of all the grasses +together at one end of the bunch, and the stem ends together +at the other end.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 442px;"><a id="Fig_70"></a> +<img src="images/i_068.jpg" width="442" height="442" alt="photograph" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.70 - Use a strong string for tying the grass fringe.</div> +</div> + +<p>Tie a strong string around the stem ends of one bunch. +Hold this tied bunch under your left arm, stem ends to +the front, and take up another bunch (<a href="#Fig_70">Fig. 70</a>). Bring +the long end of the string across the front of the second<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span> +bunch and form a loop (A, <a href="#Fig_67">Fig. 67</a>). Hold the loop while +you pass the string around the back of the bunch (<a href="#Fig_68">Fig. 68</a>), +then slide the end through the loop A, <a href="#Fig_69">Fig. 69</a>. Draw +this loop-fastening very tight and it will hold. Now place +the second bunch under your arm with the first bunch, +and make a loop-fastening around the third bunch. Keep +on adding bunches of grass in this way, always drawing +the last bunch close to the one before it, and holding them +all together under your arm as in the photograph (<a href="#Fig_70">Fig. 70</a>). +In this picture the grass bunches are purposely left far +apart that you may see exactly how to make the fringe.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 452px;"> +<a id="Fig_71"></a> +<img src="images/i_069.png" width="452" height="507" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.71 - Bristle-spiked Cyperus grass used for +head-dress. See <a href="#photograph">photograph</a>.</div> +</div> + +<p>The grass dress will be finished when you have made<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span> +a strip of fringe long enough to reach around your waist, +for the skirt—it needs no waist—is really only a fringe of +grasses to be worn over a light summer dress.</p> + + +<h3>Grass Head-Dress</h3> + +<p>The grass head-dress to be worn with the wood-nymph +skirt is quite as wild-looking, but is simply a band of grasses, +with bunches of the bristle-spiked cyperus grass (<a href="#Fig_71">Fig. 71</a>) +hanging downward on each end. The band goes across +over the top of the head, and the grass side ornaments +fall over the ears.</p> + +<p>Wear the grass costume and carry a light branch of green +leaves in each hand when you give your next outdoor fancy +dance, or take part in outdoor tableaux where you could +represent either a wood-nymph or the spirit of the grasses.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2><i>PART III</i><br /> +<small>GREEN LEAVES</small></h2> + + + +<hr class="chap" /> +<h2>CHAPTER XI<br /> +<small>OAK-LEAVES</small></h2> +<div class="figright" style="width: 498px;"> +<a id="Fig_72"></a> +<img src="images/i_071.png" width="498" height="381" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.72 - The Robinson Crusoe Hat.</div> +</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">To</span> dress up and pretend is something every little girl, +and boy too, for that matter, likes to do, and there is no +better place for having this kind of fun and no greater +storehouse for dress-up material than the wide, sunny +fields and green, shady forest on a summer's day.</p> + + + +<p>If you want to be a wood-nymph, a fairy, or a pioneer; +if you would be a fashionable lady decked in jewels rare,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> +or a rollicking cowboy, or Robinson Crusoe, it is all the +same to Mother Nature's department store. Fields, Woods +& Co. can furnish all you need. If the goods are not always +ready to wear, they are at least ready to be made +up into what you want.</p> + +<p>Why, you can even be a little savage and wear a skirt +made of a fringe of long grasses, like the wood-nymph's +dress, and bracelets of slender, golden-brown rootlets, if +that pleases you; all the materials are ready to your hand. +And you can make a</p> + + +<h3>Robinson Crusoe Hat</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>of the large leaves of the scrub-oak—a pretty and becoming +hat and one that will keep your head cool though you +walk under the hottest of noonday suns.</div> + +<p>The photograph given here shows one little girl who +likes immensely to wear her Crusoe hat, and <a href="#Fig_72">Fig. 72</a> shows +just how the hat looks when not on her head.</p> + +<p>It won't take more than five minutes to make the hat, +but first you must gather the leaves. Ordinary oak-leaves +are too small to use; it is on the scrub-oak that you will +find them large enough. The scrub-oak grows low, like a +bush, and the leaves will be quite within your reach. Like +a good shopkeeper, this kind of oak shows his customers +leaves of various sizes, but it is the very largest that you +must take, and only the ones that are dark-green in color. +The pretty new light-green or brownish leaves will soon +wilt and curl on the edges, while a hat made of the older, +tougher ones will last in good condition several days if left +out in the dew at night or kept damp in the house.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 449px;"> +<img src="images/i_073.jpg" width="449" height="609" alt="photograph" /> +<div class="caption">The Robinson Crusoe Hat is pretty and becoming.</div> +</div> + +<p>The number of leaves needed depends upon the size of +the leaves and the size of your head. It is well to have +at least a dozen and a half; then you can select the best. +The largest leaves are not always perfect, but unless very<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a><br /><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> +much torn or eaten away by insects they will answer. To +gather all you need you will probably have to visit several +of the little scrub-oaks.</p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 241px;"> +<a id="Fig_73"></a> +<img src="images/i_074.png" width="241" height="234" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.73 - Pin the leaves together +in this way.</div> +</div> +<p>If you are at home when you make your hat, use broom-straws +to pin the leaves together; if you are in the woods +find some smooth, slender twigs, break them in short pieces, +and they will take the place of the straws.</p> + +<p>Begin by pinning two leaves together as they are in <a href="#Fig_73">Fig. +73</a>. These leaves are lettered +U and V. You see that U +is lapped over V and then +pinned to it in two places, +first near the stem and then +through the lower side lobe. +The next leaf would be letter +W, and W would be pinned +to U just as U is pinned to V. +Make the stems meet at the +top and keep adding leaves, +pinning one to another, until +the hat is large enough to fit +your head comfortably, then pin the last leaf to the first.</p> + + +<p>Do not make the hat too flat; if you find it flattening +out, lap the leaves over more at the bottom. When finished +it should be shaped like <a href="#Fig_72">Fig. 72</a>.</p> + + +<h3>Oak-Leaf Mask</h3> +<div class="figright" style="width: 518px;"> +<a id="Fig_74"></a> +<img src="images/i_075.png" width="518" height="727" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.74 - The Oak Leaf Mask.</div> +</div> +<p>Among other frolics in the woods you can have a masquerade—a +real one, where you wear a mask, and that +mask made of one of the largest leaves of the scrub-oak. +Not even a pair of scissors will be needed to make this +mask, and it is a funny one too (<a href="#Fig_74">Fig. 74</a>). See the turned-up +eyelids and the wide nose tilted at the end.</p> + +<p>When you have found a leaf large enough (the one in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span> +the drawing was nine inches long and seven inches wide) +use your thumb-nail to cut out the eyes and nose. The +outlines at the top of <a href="#Fig_74">Fig. 74</a> show how to shape them, +and the dotted lines show where they are bent up.</p> + + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span></p> + +<p>There is no mouth, none is needed, for the leaf, below +the nose, drops down loosely over your mouth like the +curtain on a mask one buys at a shop. The oak-leaf mask +will stay on your face if you wet the under parts of each +side and stick them to +your cheeks.</p> + +<p>Another way to make +the mask is to turn the +leaf around, stem down, +and then cut the eyes +and nose in the wide +part, leaving the narrower +stem end for a long chin. This kind you can hold +in front of your face by taking the stem in your hand. It +requires so short a time to make a mask that when one +wears out or is lost you can have another to replace it in +a minute or two.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>The Little Oak-Leaf Dog</h3> + +<p>He has the funny expression of a real dog when he is +making up his mind what to do next, even if he is only an +oak-leaf. It was an ordinary leaf four inches long which +was, by tearing a little here and bending a little there, +transformed into his absurd dogship (<a href="#Fig_75">Fig. 75</a>).</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 310px;"> +<a id="Fig_75"></a> +<img src="images/i_076a.png" width="310" height="192" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.75 - The little Oak Leaf Dog.</div> +</div> + + +<p><a href="#Fig_76">Fig. 76</a> is the tracing of the leaf actually used for the +dog. <a href="#Fig_77">Fig. 77</a> shows the same leaf with its stem nipped +off and the other end torn up, not very evenly, where the +dotted lines are in <a href="#Fig_76">Fig. 76</a>. This makes the little dog's +tail. The tear on either side reaches to the mid-rib of the +leaf, but does not cross it, and the mid-rib being unbroken +holds the tail out stiff and straight.</p> +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 242px;"> +<a id="Fig_77"></a> +<img src="images/i_076b.png" width="242" height="298" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.77 - This shows how the +dog was made.</div> +</div></td> +<td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 244px;"> +<a id="Fig_76"></a> +<img src="images/i_076c.png" width="244" height="360" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.76 - The leaf the dog +was made of.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>The two hind legs are bent down just where the tear +ends in making the tail. The dotted line in <a href="#Fig_77">Fig. 77</a> shows +this. The other two legs, formed by the side lobes of the +leaf, are bent down as the dotted lines indicate. The tip +of the lobe on the left side had to be torn off because that +leg was longer than the opposite one.</p> + +<p>In making the neck the narrow part of the leaf was bent +up and then down, the two dotted lines show where. Then +the ears were bent up and the little oak-leaf dog was placed +standing as you see him in <a href="#Fig_75">Fig. 75</a>, to have his picture +drawn.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER XII<br /> +<small>GRAPE-LEAF DRINKING-CUP</small></h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">A wild-grape</span> leaf will do quite as well as a cultivated +one for a drinking-cup if it is large enough. You want a +large leaf, because a small one will hold only a sip of water, +and when one is really thirsty that is certainly not enough.</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 417px;"> +<a id="Fig_78"></a> +<img src="images/i_079a.png" width="417" height="428" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.78 - The drinking cup was made +of a leaf like this.</div> +</div> +<p>Whether wild or cultivated, the grape-leaf should be +washed in clean water to take off dust and any possible +insects that may be on it. Where there is water to drink +there is water for washing the leaf, so there can be no difficulty +about that, and the large green leaf, freshened by +the water, looks very cool and inviting.</p> + +<p>It is simply a matter of folding, first one way, then the +other, that turns the grape-leaf into a cup. <a href="#Fig_78">Fig. 78</a> is a +tracing of the leaf from which the cup (<a href="#Fig_79">Fig. 79</a>) was made. +It measured eight inches at its widest part, almost seven +inches from tip to stem, and the cup held a good supply +of water.</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 430px;"> +<a id="Fig_79"></a> +<img src="images/i_079b.png" width="430" height="330" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.79 - A fine drinking cup made by folding +a Grape leaf.</div> +</div> +<p>Begin to fold by bringing the two lower lobes of the leaf +together in the way shown in <a href="#Fig_80">Fig. 80</a>. This makes the +middle bend that is indicated by the dotted line in <a href="#Fig_78">Fig. +78</a>. Then bring the two lobes around to the left, or to the +right if that comes easier, hold them close together and +lap them over the upper lobe on that side. That makes +the two side bends which join at the middle bend (<a href="#Fig_78">Fig. +78</a>), and rounds the cup into shape.</p> + + + + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 456px;"> +<a id="Fig_80"></a> +<img src="images/i_080.png" width="456" height="583" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.80 - Bring the two lower lobes of the +leaf together.</div> +</div> + +<p>The bottom of the cup is pointed, as you see, and, +of course, will not stand; then, too, the cup falls apart +when you loosen your hold, but neither of these things +are of any consequence, for you can let your cup lie flat<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a><br /><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span> +and fold it again very quickly when it is needed. As long +as the folds are held tight in your fingers, the cup will keep +its shape and hold water without leaking a particle. Use +the upper, or green, side of the leaf for the inside of +the cup; the under, or light, side is fuzzy and may harbor +small insects even after it is washed. Be sure you look +into the water before drinking it. This should be done +no matter what you drink from or where you get the +water.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2><a name="CHAPTER_XIII" id="CHAPTER_XIII">CHAPTER XIII</a><br /> +<small>GREEN-LEAF DESIGNS</small></h2> + + +<h3>Beech-Leaves</h3> + +<p><span class="smcap">Remarkably</span> pretty designs can be made entirely of +green leaves; also with leaves and their seed-pods, their +nuts and berries. You can press a design of leaves alone, +but one having seed-pods, berries, or nuts cannot be pressed. +It is fun to make it, even if it cannot be preserved by pressing, +and you will like to do it.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 445px;"> +<a id="Fig_81"></a> +<img src="images/i_081.png" width="445" height="362" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.81 - Two twigs broken off a Beech Tree +made this design.</div> +</div> + +<p><a href="#Fig_81">Fig. 81</a> is the drawing of a charming design made of +two twigs broken off a beech-tree. On one twig were two +beechnuts in their pretty green, spiky outer shells; on<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span> +the other was just one nut. Each twig had three leaves. +Nothing was cut off and nothing was added for this design; +the twigs were used exactly as they came from the +tree. The stems were +simply crossed, with the +lower leaf of one twig +falling over the stem of +the other twig, and that +finished it. The easiest +thing in the world to do +if you happen to think +of it.</p> + + +<h3>Violet-Leaves</h3> + +<p>There is one thing +about the green leaves of +the violet which makes it +a joy to use them in a +design, and that is, the +stems are so pliable, so easily bent and curved, you can +do almost anything with them.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 336px;"> +<a id="Fig_82"></a> +<img src="images/i_082a.png" width="336" height="306" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.82 - Design made of +Violet leaves.</div> +</div> + +<p>See how the stems add to the beauty of the violet-leaf +design <a href="#Fig_82">Fig. 82</a>.</p> + + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 261px;"> +<a id="Fig_83"></a> +<img src="images/i_082b.png" width="261" height="226" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.83 - The stem curves +naturally.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 156px;"> +<a id="Fig_84"></a> +<img src="images/i_082c.png" width="156" height="166" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.84 - Under side of the small +leaf in the design.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p>The curve of the stem of <a href="#Fig_83">Fig. 83</a> is a natural one for it +to take, and you can probably find a leaf with its stem<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span> +curved very much like it, but it is another thing to come +across one of the same size which has a stem curved in the +opposite direction, and such a stem is necessary for a design +like <a href="#Fig_82">Fig. 82</a>.</p> + +<p>Very well! Since the stem does not naturally curve +the way we want it, we will make it do so. All we have +to do is to draw it through our fingers several times and, +by pressure, gently persuade it to turn as we wish.</p> + +<p><a href="#Fig_84">Fig. 84</a> is the under-side of the small leaf at the bottom +of the design (<a href="#Fig_82">Fig. 82</a>), and shows how the stem loop above +the leaf was made.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 584px;"> +<a id="Fig_85"></a> +<img src="images/i_083.png" width="584" height="315" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.85 - This is the way the curling Ground-Pine grows.</div> +</div> + +<p>First a violet-leaf with stem curved like the one in <a href="#Fig_83">Fig. +83</a> was laid down on a sheet of paper, then another leaf +of the same size, with stem <i>made</i> to curve in the opposite +direction, was placed beside but not touching the first +leaf, and with its stem crossing the other stem. The two +stems meeting at the bottom formed a pear-shaped loop. +The small leaf, after its stem had been formed into a loop +and the end tucked in at the back, was fitted on top of +the stems of the large leaves, as you see it in <a href="#Fig_82">Fig. 82</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 321px;"> +<a id="Fig_86"></a> +<img src="images/i_084.png" width="321" height="500" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.86 - Beautiful, tiny, green Pine-Tree made +of a curling branch of the Ground-Pine.</div> +</div> + +<p>Violet-leaves are seldom flat; they are apt to curl at the +edges; some are so curled as to form little cornucopias. +Choose the flattest you can find for a design like <a href="#Fig_82">Fig. 82</a>, +and paste them to the paper with a touch of paste on the +under-part of the tip and of the two lobes at the bottom<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span> +of each leaf. Paste the stems down also with a touch of +paste here and there.</p> + +<p>The violet-leaf design can be pressed.</p> + + +<h3>Ground-Pine</h3> + +<p>Deep in the shadowy woods, often where pine-trees are +growing, you will find the ground-pine. Clinging close +to the ground, curling in feathery, green clusters on its +vine-like root, it runs for yards over the surface, while its +root, lying along the top, sends down slender rootlets into +the earth. Push away the dry leaves or pine-needles that +usually cover the root, and you can pull up long strips and +soon gather enough to make the prettiest kind of festive +decorations.</p> + +<p>Festoons of the ground-pine are very pretty on walls, +stair-banisters, porch-railings, over picture-frames, and +hanging from chandeliers, and this ready-made evergreen +rope is as suitable for outdoor as for indoor decoration, as +beautiful in summer as in winter.</p> + +<p>When you want to "dress-up" in the woods use the +ground-pine for trimmings. Loop it over your skirt and +make a wreath for your hair. Last summer at camp we +used the ground-pine in this way and the little girls, arrayed +for a dance, never looked prettier. For table decorations +at camp and for decorating the tent doorways the +ground-pine is charming.</p> + +<p><a href="#Fig_85">Fig. 85</a> shows how the short, curled clusters grow on +the long root, and <a href="#Fig_86">Fig. 86</a> gives a wee pine-tree made of +one cluster picked off the root and planted in an outdoor +doll's garden.</p> + +<p>This is what our American writer and poet, Ralph +Waldo Emerson, said of the ground-pine:</p> + +<div class='poem'> +"As I spoke, beneath my feet<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">The ground-pine curled its pretty wreath."</span><br /> +</div> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2><i>PART IV</i><br /> +<small>CULTIVATED FLOWERS</small></h2> + + + +<hr class="chap" /> +<h2>CHAPTER XIV<br /> +<small>PHLOX</small></h2> + + +<h3>Phlox Tower and Phlox Design</h3> + +<p><span class="smcap">In</span> a great bunch of garden-flowers given me by a friend +I found some pink-and-white phlox (<a href="#Fig_87">Fig. 87</a>), and from it +I made first a</p> + + +<h3>Phlox Tower</h3> + +<p>As you know, the blossom is trumpet-shaped and flares +at the open end into five petals. The tube part is long +and narrows to a point, so it is easy to push one flower into +another. That is what you do in building the phlox tower. +You pull the blossom off its stem and out of the little green +calyx which holds it, then you push the end of the tube +part into the round red eye in the centre of another flower +as far down as it will go. Then you push another blossom +into that one and build up until your tower is as high as +you want it, or as high as it will stand without toppling +over. A bud stuck in the top flower makes a good finish +(<a href="#Fig_88">Fig. 88</a>).</p> + + +<h3>Phlox Design</h3> + +<p>The design <a href="#Fig_89">Fig. 89</a> was made by first putting three +blossoms together, sticking one inside the other as for the +tower, to form the long side sprays, and afterward arranging +three blossoms below the side sprays and one above<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span> +with their stems meeting at the middle, as they are in <a href="#Fig_89">Fig. +89</a>. On each side of the upper flower was placed a sprig +of buds; then the tube part of a blossom was cut off and +the petal part fitted in the centre of the design to cover +the ends of the other flowers where +they met.</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 376px;"> +<a id="Fig_87"></a> +<img src="images/i_087a.png" width="376" height="533" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.87 - Blossoms of the Phlox.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 121px;"> +<a id="Fig_88"></a> +<img src="images/i_087b.png" width="121" height="600" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.88 - Build your Phlox +Tower like this</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + +<p>The tube parts of three more +flowers were cut away, and the petal +parts arranged in the position shown in <a href="#Fig_89">Fig. 89</a>. This +formed a scattered design quite different from any of the +others made of flowers.</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 583px;"> +<a id="Fig_89"></a> +<img src="images/i_088.png" width="583" height="475" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.89 - This phlox design should be pressed.</div> +</div> + + +<p>Touches of paste on the under part held all the flowers<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span> +in place. The phlox design is a good one to preserve by +pressing.</p> + + +<h3>The Tiger-Lily Leopard</h3> +<div class="figleft" style="width: 411px;"><a id="Fig_90"></a> +<img src="images/i_089a.png" width="411" height="168" alt="drawing" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.90 - The stealthy, prowling Leopard.</div> +</div> + +<p>From the brilliant-orange tiger-lily, with its dark-brown +or black spots, we are going to make a—tiger? No, a +leopard. Tiger-lilies may have spots, but tigers, you know, +are striped.</p> + +<p>It is really wonderful how much this little animal, made +of parts of a beautiful flower and broom-straws, looks like +the stealthy, prowling, wild creature which lives in Africa +and Asia. The yellow coat of the live leopard is covered +with black spots, and so is that of our flower leopard. The +fierce living animal has a long tail that it moves slowly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span> +back and forth in anger or when it threatens to attack another +animal or a man. Our little leopard also has a long +tail which, if it does not really move, looks as if it were +just going to. But while the live animal is ferocious and +will kill, we can only pretend that of the tiger-lily leopard. +Though he looks dangerous, he cannot even nibble a green +leaf.</p> + +<p>The illustration of the tiger-lily given here is a drawing +of the one from +which the lily leopard +(<a href="#Fig_90">Fig. 90</a>) was made. +You will notice that at +the right of the flower +(<a href="#Fig_91">Fig. 91</a>) there is the +stem and pistil of a +blossom that has fallen +apart.</p> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 383px;"> +<a id="Fig_91"></a> +<img src="images/i_089b.png" width="383" height="489" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.91 - The leopard is made from a +Tiger Lily like this.</div> +</div> + +<p>When we make the +leopard we cut off this +lily-stem close to the stalk, leaving the pistil attached, to +use for the back-bone and tail. Four broom-straws, about +an inch and a half long and sharpened at one end, we use +for legs. The pointed ends of two of the legs are pushed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span> +into the stem at the front, and the other two in part of +the pistil at the back, as shown in <a href="#Fig_92">Fig. 92</a>. That makes +the skeleton.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 414px;"> +<a id="Fig_92"></a> +<img src="images/i_090a.png" width="414" height="161" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.92 - This is the skeleton of the leopard.</div> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 307px;"> +<a id="Fig_93"></a> +<img src="images/i_090b.png" width="307" height="117" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.93 - The leopard's spotted coat.</div> +</div> + +<p>Now we have to fit on the skeleton the leopard's spotted +coat. After pulling the perfect flower apart we select the +petal best suited for this purpose (<a href="#Fig_93">Fig. 93</a>), and then take +the curl partially out of it by pressing it down on the table +with our fingers. The tip of the petal will have to be cut +off because it comes down too far over the tail.</p> + +<p>The blunt end of the petal will be the leopard's head, +and it can be rounded up and moulded with your fingers +until it looks like the head of the leopard in <a href="#Fig_90">Fig. 90</a>. Small +ears of bits of broom-straw, pointed at one end, we must +stick in the head where they belong and then, in order +to make the coat stay in place, we will pin it to the skeleton +at the neck, in the middle of the back, and again at the +tail, with fine broom-straws. So we have the little leopard +complete.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER XV<br /> +<small>CULTIVATED FOXGLOVE</small></h2> + + +<h3>Fairy-Caps</h3> + +<div class='tnote2'><b>Transcriber's Note:</b> Foxglove is poisonous. Do not +play with foxgloves.</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Do</span> you know the cultivated foxglove with its tall spikes +of thimble-shaped flowers, prettily spotted inside? (<a href="#Fig_94">Fig. +94</a>.) And do you know that these flowers will fit on the +ends of your fingers like tall caps on the heads of little +fairies?</p> + +<p>Perhaps there are foxgloves growing in your garden +now. If there are, pick five blossoms off the stalk, selecting +a large one for your thumb and a small one for your +little finger; the others should be of a size in between these +two.</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 374px;"> +<a id="Fig_94"></a> +<img src="images/i_092.png" width="374" height="548" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.94 - "Do you know the cultivated +Fox Glove?"</div> +</div> +<p>Turn these blossoms upside down and they at once become +fairy-caps. Fit the caps on all five fingers of your +left hand. Then on your fingers, just below the caps, draw +little faces with pen and ink. Now you have five living, +moving fairies who will do all sorts of things and be very +spry about it (<a href="#Fig_95">Fig. 95</a>). They will nod at you joyously, +they will bend low in solemn salute, and they will put their +little heads together to plan some piece of mischief.</p> + +<p>They can be fairy children at school, if you like, with +the short, fat thumb fairy for the teacher; and you can +make the fairy pupils stand close together, shoulder to +shoulder, then at a word from the teacher, separate and +stand alone again.</p> + +<p>It will be fun to name the fairies, such names as Pepper-grass, +Mustard-seed, and Catnip, and with the teacher +standing before his class, have him call the roll and have +each fairy bob his head as he answers to his name.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span></p> + + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 415px;"> +<a id="Fig_95"></a> +<img src="images/i_093.png" width="415" height="504" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.95 - Five living Fairies.</div> +</div> + +<p>Perhaps you will want the teacher to require each pupil +to sing a little song or recite a short verse. When a fairy +does that, he moves forward in front of the others, and +stays in that place until he has finished. Here is a pretty +verse for a flower-capped fairy to recite:</p> + +<div class='poem'> +"I wonder what the Clover thinks,<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Intimate friend of the Bobolinks,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Lover of Daisies, slim and white,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Waltzer with Buttercups at night.</span><br /> +<br /> +<b> · · · · · · · ·</b><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Oh, who knows what the Clover thinks?</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">No one! Unless the Bobolinks."</span><br /> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>Sweet Pea—the Peacock</h3> + +<p>You use a little pretended magic when you turn a sweet-pea +blossom into a peacock, and that makes it seem more +mysterious and more interesting. It doesn't take a second +but while you are doing it you must repeat this transformation +rhyme:</p> + +<div class='poem'> +"Sweet Pea, Sweet Pea,<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Your petals unlock.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">I turn two down,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">And you're a peacock."</span><br /> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 349px;"> +<a id="Fig_96"></a> +<img src="images/i_094a.png" width="349" height="470" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.96: - "Sweet Pea, Sweet Pea, +Your petals unlock."</div> +</div> +<div class='unindent'>Pick out a fine, large sweet-pea blossom. It doesn't matter +about the color. If you have a number to choose +from, suit yourself. +Hold the flower in your +left hand by its stem +and recite the first two +lines:</div> + +<div class='poem'> +"Sweet Pea, Sweet Pea,<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Your petals unlock."</span><br /> +</div> + + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 341px;"> +<a id="Fig_97"></a> +<img src="images/i_094b.png" width="341" height="504" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.97: - "I turn two down and +you're a Peacock."</div> +</div> + +<div class='unindent'>Then as you reach +around to the back of the +flower with your right hand +and put your thumb on +one curled petal, X, and +your first finger on the +other curled petal, Y (<a href="#Fig_96">Fig. +96</a>), finish the rhyme:</div> + +<div class='poem'> +"I turn two down,<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">And you're a peacock."</span><br /> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span></p> + +<div class='unindent'>and at the same time turn these petals down as they are +in <a href="#Fig_97">Fig. 97</a>. You will see right away that the turned-down +petals at the sides are the wings, the upright petal at the +back is the tail, and the closed middle part is the body.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span> +The tipped-up point of the body part makes a very good +head for the little sweet-pea peacock.</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 305px;"> +<a id="Fig_98"></a> +<img src="images/i_095.png" width="305" height="600" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.98 - The blossoms of the cultivated +Snapdragon are large.</div> +</div> + + +<h3>Snapdragon—Lady's Head and Lion's Head</h3> + +<p>The magic that turns a blossom of the large, cultivated +snapdragon into a little lady's head, upon which rests +a dainty, ruffled sunbonnet, or into a ferocious-looking +lion's head, is the magic of pen and ink, not of rhyme.</p> + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 256px;"> +<img src="images/i_096a.png" width="256" height="396" alt="drawing" /><a id="Fig_99"></a> +<div class="caption">Fig.99 - The Snapdragon +Lady's Head</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 288px;"> +<a id="Fig_100"></a> +<img src="images/i_096b.png" width="288" height="358" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.100 - The Snapdragon +Lion's Head.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + +<p>The blossoms of the cultivated snapdragon are very +much larger than those of its wild cousin, called by some +people butter-and-eggs, but the cultivated flowers grow on +a stalk in the same way as the wild ones. You would +hardly recognize the cultivated flowers as snapdragons because +of their size and wonderful colors. A sure test is to +pinch one; if it opens its mouth it is a real snapdragon; if<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span> +it doesn't it is not; but you must know how to pinch it, +else it may refuse to snap.</p> + +<p>The illustration (<a href="#Fig_98">Fig. 98</a>) shows a stalk of the cultivated +flower, and looking at the blossoms in that position you +can see neither the lady's head nor the lion's, yet they +are there.</p> + + +<h4>LADY'S HEAD</h4> + +<p>Pick a blossom off its stalk, leaving the little stem attached, +and turn it around until you discover the sunbonnet +and see that it looks like <a href="#Fig_99">Fig. 99</a>, then with pen +and ink draw eyes, nose, and mouth on the part under +the bonnet that is the face. This part is white, while the +sunbonnet is sometimes a dainty pink and sometimes a +gorgeous scarlet or orange, with deeper color on the edges.</p> + + +<h4>LION'S HEAD</h4> + +<p>Turn another blossom upside down and the crown of +the bonnet becomes the lower jaw and beard of the lion, +while the other part is the lion's face. On the face you +must make two fierce eyes like those in <a href="#Fig_100">Fig. 100</a>. When +you take hold of the lion's jaws at the back and pinch them +he will open his great, wide mouth as if to send out a tremendous +roar, only to snap it shut again without a sound +as you stop pinching. <a href="#Fig_100">Fig. 100</a> shows how to hold the +flower to open the lion's mouth.</p> + +<p>The pink snapdragon is best to use for the lady's head +and the orange-colored one for the lion's. If you would +rather call it a dragon's head, you can, you know, but it +looks more like a lion.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER XVI<br /> +<small>MISS HOLLYHOCK'S GARDEN-PARTY</small></h2> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 598px;"> +<a id="Fig_101"></a> +<img src="images/i_098.png" width="598" height="460" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.101 - Miss Hollyhock gives a garden party.</div> +</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">When</span> Miss Hollyhock gives a garden-party the scene +is a gay one. All the ladies, and you can have as many +as you want, are in their freshest, crispest summer gowns. +There are dainty pink ones, white, rose-colored, and deep +red; there are light yellow and orange; there are gowns +almost brown and others almost black, but whatever the +color of the skirt the waist is always green. Green waists<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span> +are the style where Miss Hollyhock lives, and she and all +her friends follow the style very closely.</p> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 101px;"> +<a id="Fig_102"></a> +<img src="images/i_099a.png" width="101" height="180" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.102 - Cut the Pistil out +of the flowers.</div> +</div> + +<p>The hats these little ladies wear to the party are of the +same silky material as their +skirts and are usually of the +same color, though sometimes +a lady in white will appear in +a pink or yellow hat, or a pink +lady can be seen wearing a +white hat, and the lady in rose +knows how well she looks in a +hat that is almost black. When +there are two or more gowns of +the same color the hollyhock ladies prefer to have different +colored hats so that they will not all look alike.</p> +<div class="figleft" style="width: 357px;"> +<a id="Fig_103"></a> +<img src="images/i_099b.png" width="357" height="355" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.103 - This is the way to make +Miss Hollyhock.</div> +</div> + +<p><a href="#Fig_101">Fig. 101</a> shows how Miss Hollyhock and her friends are +made from the flowers +of that name. When +you have gathered the +flowers you must cut +off the stem of each +close to the green calyx +which is Miss Hollyhock's +waist, and then +cut out the pistil which +grows inside the blossom. +This pistil is +shaped something like +a little club, and is +covered with the yellow +grains of pollen +(ask some one what +pollen is). It looks +like <a href="#Fig_102">Fig. 102</a>. The pollen will make the flower wilt +quickly. That is why it is best to take the pistil out.</p> + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span></p> + +<p>Now select a nice, round, hard, green bud for a head +and leave its stem on for the neck. Turn the sharp point +of your scissors around in the top of the hollyhock calyx +to make a little round hole, then push the stem of the bud +into the hole, screwing it round and round until the bud +almost, but not quite, touches the calyx. If you push it +all the way down your lady will have no neck; her head +will grow directly out of her shoulders.</p> + + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 189px;"> +<a id="Fig_104"></a> +<img src="images/i_100a.png" width="189" height="269" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.104 - Miss Hollyhock's +Tea Table.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 338px;"> +<a id="Fig_105"></a> +<img src="images/i_100b.png" width="338" height="255" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.105 - Teapot and cups for the +Hollyhock tea table.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + +<p>Wooden toothpicks are used for legs, arms, and support, +but strong broom-straws will answer as well, or +straight, slender twigs. Push three toothpicks, twigs, or +broom-straws up into the centre of the flower, two in front +and one at the back as you see them in <a href="#Fig_103">Fig. 103</a>. The +dotted lines show where they go inside the blossom. Be +sure to have all three the same length so that the little +lady will stand firmly. The arrows on <a href="#Fig_103">Fig. 103</a> show where +to insert the arms. Cut sharp points on the broom-straws +to make them slide in easily. Blunt ends will tear the +flower.</p> + +<p>With pen and ink make the eyes, nose, and mouth on<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span> +the head, and use a petal of another hollyhock for a hat. +Pin the hat to the top of the lady's head with a pin or +short broom-straw.</p> + +<p>A garden-party would not be complete without</p> + + +<h3>A Tea-Table</h3> + +<p>Make the tea-table of the hollyhock's round cake of unripe +seeds which most children call a cheese. This is covered +with a green case which is easily taken off and then +you have a round, white disk like a little table-top turned +up at the edge. Select the largest one you can find and push +the ends of three toothpicks or broom-straws into the under-side +for the table legs (<a href="#Fig_104">Fig. 104</a>). Now the tea-table +must have a</p> + + +<h3>Teapot and Cups</h3> + +<p>Find a green bud for a teapot shaped like Z (<a href="#Fig_105">Fig. 105</a>). +Push two short straws into the bud in the places shown +by the arrows in Z (<a href="#Fig_105">Fig. 105</a>), one for the spout and one +for the handle. Cut the tops off smaller buds to make +them into teacups (A and B, <a href="#Fig_105">Fig. 105</a>). A drop of paste +at the bottom of the teapot and the cups will keep them +in place on the table.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER XVII<br /> +<small>DAFFODILS</small></h2> + + +<h3>Dancing Flowers and Whirligigs</h3> + +<p><span class="smcap">Daffodils</span>, yellow as sunshine, always come with the +beautiful springtime. The blossoms of the single daffodils, +with their tall, golden cups resting in the saucers of +lighter-colored petals, are the daintiest, though both single +and double are so like a song of cheerfulness it is a joy to +have them near. They look as if they wanted to dance +for sheer happiness and, wonder of wonders, you can actually +make them dance.</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 263px;"> +<a id="Fig_106"></a> +<img src="images/i_102a.png" width="263" height="328" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.106 - The Daffodil Dancer.</div> +</div> +</td><td align="left"> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 268px;"> +<a id="Fig_107"></a> +<img src="images/i_102b.png" width="268" height="288" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.107 - The Daffodil Animal.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>Gather a few of the single daffies, leaving on them the +very short stems which hold them to the main stalk. These +little green stems will be the stiff ornaments at the top +of the dancers' green caps when you turn the flowers upside +down, which is right side up for the dancers.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>Daffodil Dancers</h3> + +<p>To make a flower stand alone and give it feet to dance +on, push three wooden toothpicks firmly up under the +little yellow skirt into the +centre of the blossom. It +doesn't matter if a flower +has three feet; like an insect, +it may have more +than two and it won't stand +on two. Spread the bottom +ends of the toothpicks +out a trifle like a tripod to +make the flower stand +steady (<a href="#Fig_106">Fig. 106</a>).</p> + +<p>When you have made +several dancers, stand them +on a tin tray, and they +will be a group of "daffy-down-dillies +just come to +town," arrayed in their +best gowns and ready to +take part in the dance. +Tap the tray gently from +underneath and the dancers +will begin to move. +Tap a little harder and +they will begin to dance. Tip the tray slightly forward +and they will dance toward you; tip it backward and +they will dance away again.</p> + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 314px;"><a id="Fig_108"></a> +<img src="images/i_103.png" width="314" height="516" alt="drrawing" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.108 - Daffodil stalk for you to +turn into a whirligig</div> +</div> +</td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 415px;"> +<a id="Fig_109"></a> +<img src="images/i_104.png" width="415" height="600" alt="drawing" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.109 - The Whirligig.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + +<h3>A Daffodil Animal</h3> + +<p>Queer little animals that come only from Daffy land +can be made of the single daffodil-blossoms. Take one of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span> +the flowers and carefully cut away the outstanding petals, +leaving the perfect, long cup. Hold the cup in your left +hand with the short, green stem hanging down; the stem +is the animal's head; then break off about half an inch +from the blunt ends of four wooden toothpicks and use +the longest parts for legs. Push the pointed ends of the +tooth pick legs up into the under-side of the long, slender +cup as it is held in your left hand. Keep the legs of an +even length and the animal will stand firmly. This little<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span> +fellow, with his green head and long green nose, is very +comical (<a href="#Fig_107">Fig. 107</a>). He can dance on the tin tray too, and +run about when you tip it.</p> + +<p>The daffodil toys will keep their color a long while even +after the blossoms are dry. Do not take off the brown +calyx which is lightly wrapped around the bottom of each +flower. It represents the hair of the dancers and the ears +of the animal.</p> + + +<h3>The Whirligig</h3> + +<p>You can have some fun with the daffodil stalk, too, after +taking off the flowers.</p> + +<p><a href="#Fig_108">Fig. 108</a> is a daffodil stalk; look at it closely, then look +at <a href="#Fig_109">Fig. 109</a>. They are really the very same though they +appear to be so different. One seems to have a blossom +at the top, and you know that the other has not.</p> + +<p>If you want to do the trick and make a stalk blossom, +select a stalk like <a href="#Fig_108">Fig. 108</a>, hold the stem closely between +your open hands and roll it rapidly by first sliding your +right hand forward while the left slides backward, then +the left forward and the right hand back. This makes a +whirligig of your stalk, and the flower will appear at the +top as you see it in <a href="#Fig_109">Fig. 109</a>.</p> + +<p>Try making whirligigs of other kinds of stems; of +grasses, twigs, and leaves.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2><i>PART V</i><br /> +<small>SEED-VESSELS</small></h2> + + + +<hr class="chap" /> +<h2><a id="CHAPTER_XVIII"></a>CHAPTER XVIII<br /> +<small>SEED-VESSEL PLAYTHINGS</small></h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">When</span> the flowers have gone then come the seed-vessels, +equally as good for playthings but very different.</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 486px;"> +<a id="Fig_110"></a> +<img src="images/i_106.png" width="486" height="251" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.110 - Rose-haw apples for your doll's table.</div> +</div> +<p>Of course, you know the rose-haws, the little red and +yellow and green apples that you find on the rose-bushes +in the fall. They are the seed-vessels of the rose, and every +rose which is allowed to remain on the bush until it fades +and falls apart leaves a seed-vessel to take its place.</p> + + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 351px;"> +<a id="Fig_112"></a> +<img src="images/i_107a.png" width="351" height="518" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.112 - The bronze-green Rose-haw.</div> +</div> + + + +<h3>The Doll's Fruit Piece</h3> + +<p>The rose-haws look very much like little apples. Rosy-cheeked +Baldwins, yellow harvest-apples, and greenings,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a><br /><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span> +and they will make a fine fruit-piece for the centre of your +doll's table. Pile them up on one of the toy dishes and +put the smallest of green rose-leaves +around the edge (<a href="#Fig_110">Fig. 110</a>).</p> + + +<h3>Rose-Haw Necklace</h3> + +<p>But the rose-haws can be used +for something besides toy apples; +you can pretend they are jewels +and string them for a real necklace.</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 626px;"> +<a id="Fig_111"></a> +<img src="images/i_107b.png" width="626" height="453" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.111: - This necklace is made of Rose-haws and Plantain Lily seed pods.</div> +</div> + +<p>One necklace can be entirely +of the haws and another like +<a href="#Fig_111">Fig. 111</a>, which is made of bronze-green +haws (<a href="#Fig_112">Fig. 112</a>), and the +long, green seed-pods of the plantain +(<a href="#Fig_113">Fig. 113</a>). The blossoms of +the plantain are pale purple or lavender, and hang from +the stalk as the seed-pods do. They are bell-shaped and +about an inch long. The leaf is like a lily-leaf.</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 179px;"> +<a id="Fig_113"></a> +<img src="images/i_108a.png" width="179" height="600" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.113 - The long, green +seed pods of the Plantain +Lily</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 70px;"> +<a id="Fig_114"></a> +<img src="images/i_108b.png" width="70" height="276" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.114 - The seed pod earring.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>As you see, the haws and seed-pods are strung alternately;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span> +first a haw, then a seed-pod, again a haw and so +on. Thread your needle with strong thread and be sure +the thread is long enough for the necklace. Measure it +around your neck, letting it droop as much as you wish; +then allow several inches at each end for tying. If you +cannot find the large, brownish-green haws use yellow or +red ones, but the green haws, when strung with the green +seed-pods, are more beautiful.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 499px;"> +<a id="Fig_115"></a> +<img src="images/i_109a.png" width="499" height="249" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.115 - This necklace is made of Barberries and Plantain Lily Stalk.</div> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 619px;"> +<a id="Fig_116"></a> +<img src="images/i_109b.png" width="619" height="166" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.116 - A branch of the Barberry Bush.</div> +</div> + + +<h3>Seed-Pod Earrings</h3> + +<p>To match the necklace, make long, green earrings of +the plantain seed-pods. <a href="#Fig_114">Fig. 114</a> shows a seed-pod earring. +You see it is strung on a thread and the ends of the +thread are then tied to form a loop. The loop must be +just large enough to fit comfortably over your ear, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span> +when you wear the earring, the green jewel will hang down +and dangle delightfully. The upper end of the seed-pod +should almost touch your ear.</p> + + + + +<h3>Necklace of Barberries and +Plantain-Stalk</h3> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 154px;"> +<a id="Fig_117"></a> +<img src="images/i_110a.png" width="154" height="411" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.117 - Make the earring +in this way</div> +</div> +<p>Plantain is very useful in making +jewelry because you can use the +stalk as well as the seed-pods.</p> + +<p><a href="#Fig_115">Fig. 115</a> is a necklace made of +the plantain-stalk cut in short pieces, +all the same length, and the coral-red +berries of the barberry-bush. The +crooked branches of the barberry-bush +grow very close together and +are covered with thorns which stand +out straight and sharp like pins. +That is why it is so often used for +hedges; nothing can get through it +without being terribly scratched. +From the branches the red berries hang down like coral +drops. <a href="#Fig_116">Fig. 116</a> shows the way they grow. +To make this necklace, string first a piece of the plantain-stalk, +pushing +the needle +through lengthwise, +then string +a barberry and +again a piece of +the green stalk; +after that a barberry. Keep on in this way until the +necklace is as long as you want it.</p> + + +<p>The berries are exceedingly pretty strung as you see +them, hanging down in their natural way, and really, you +cannot string them any other way. The upper part of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span> +the berry is the only part through which you can pass your +needle because of the large, hard seed which fills the space +below.</p> + + +<h3>Plantain-Stalk and Barberry Earrings</h3> + +<p>How to make the earrings to complete this set of jewelry +is shown in <a href="#Fig_117">Fig. 117</a>. First you string a piece of the plantain-stalk, +then a barberry; then you put your needle back +through the stalk and tie +the thread at the top. +After that you make the +loop to put over your +ear as you did in making +the seed-pod earring.</p> + + +<h3>Birds of Maple-Tree +Seed-Vessels</h3> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 393px;"> +<a id="Fig_118"></a> +<img src="images/i_110b.png" width="393" height="111" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.118 - Maple seed vessel used as bird wings</div> +</div> + +<p>You see it is not only +the seed-vessels of flowers +that can be turned +into playthings. The +trees also furnish abundant +material for toys.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 351px;"> +<a id="Fig_119"></a> +<img src="images/i_111.png" width="351" height="346" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.119 - Maple seed vessel bird.</div> +</div> + +<p>Gather the winged seed-vessels that fall from the maple-trees, +<a href="#Fig_118">Fig. 118</a> is a maple seed-vessel, and let us sit on +the dry, sun-warmed grass and turn them into odd little +birds like <a href="#Fig_119">Fig. 119</a>. These birds are very near the size of +our ruby-throated humming-birds, a trifle larger perhaps, +but they do not in the least resemble the beautiful, jewel-colored, +long-beaked wild bird, either in looks or habits. +However, they are nice, tame, quiet little birds and never +object to being handled, played with, and placed on any +bush or low tree where you may happen to want to put +them. You cannot say that of the humming-bird, can you?</p> + +<p>You will need two seed-vessels for each bird. Divide<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span> +one through the centre, separating the two wings, and use +one of these wings for the body of the bird, as you see in +the diagram <a href="#Fig_120">Fig. 120</a>. Clip off the two corners of the +square end where the arrows point to shape it like a +bird's head, then carefully bend up the seed-vessel pair +of wings, and fit the body down in between them, resting +it on the centre part that holds the wings together. One +or two stitches with needle and thread, passed through +wings and body, will keep them close and secure.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 505px;"> +<a id="Fig_120"></a> +<img src="images/i_112.png" width="505" height="300" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.120 - Bird's body.</div> +</div> + +<p>When your bird is finished (<a href="#Fig_119">Fig. 119</a>), thread a needle +with black thread, tie a good-sized knot in the end of the +thread, and push the needle from underneath up through +the back of the bird where it will come out between the +wings. Draw the knot up close to the body and tie the +other end of the thread to a low branch of a tree. When +you stand off a little distance you cannot see the thread and +your bird will seem to be hovering in mid-air. A gentle +breeze will stir the bird and make it look as if flying. If +there is no breeze, you can blow on it, or fan it until the +little thing flutters about almost as if alive.</p> + +<p>Be careful to string the thread through the bird at a +place that will make it evenly balanced.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER XIX<br /> +<small>BUCKEYE HORSE AND BUCKEYE RIDER</small></h2> + + +<p>All children love the clean, glossy, brown horse-chestnuts +or buckeyes. There are so many buckeye-trees in +Ohio that it is called the Buckeye State, and many villages +of Long Island are full of them. They are used for +shade-trees and often line the streets, where they send down +showers of their nuts, pretty but not good to eat. Everywhere +the children gather basketfuls and take them home +to play with, and in other Beard books we have told of some +things that can be made of buckeyes, but the buckeye +horse and rider which you see here have just arrived.</p> + +<p>He is a very remarkable-looking horse with his funny +round head and stiff legs and tail, though not more remarkable +than the little man who rides him. Both are +made simply of buckeyes and slender twigs. The head +and body of the horse and of the man are buckeyes. The +neck, ears, tail, and legs of the horse are smooth, straight +twigs; the neck, arms, and legs of the man are also twigs.</p> + + +<h3>The Buckeye Horse</h3> + +<p>When you make a horse let the light-colored part of the +buckeye be his face. This part usually has a dark spot +on it which looks like an eye. You will see it in <a href="#Fig_121">Fig. 121</a>. +He will have only one eye unless you put in another with +lead-pencil or pen and ink, but very frequently horses are +blind in one eye, so it will not matter whether he has two +eyes or one.</p> + +<p>Stick two short pieces of twigs in the head for ears and +a longer twig for the neck. You will have to sharpen the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span> +ends of the twigs to a point so that they will go in easily. +The neck twig will need sharpening at both ends.</p> + +<p>Before putting the head on the body of the horse, which +should be as large a buckeye as you can find, push in four +twigs for the legs. The front legs must slant forward, +the hind legs slant backward. This will make him stand +firmly. Then choose a slender twig for the tail, and split +it several times at one end to show that it has hair on +it, as in <a href="#Fig_121">Fig. 121</a>. +Fasten the tail on +and then push in +the neck twig. +This finishes the +horse.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 408px;"> +<a id="Fig_121"></a> +<img src="images/i_114.png" width="408" height="277" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.121 - He is a remarkable looking Horse.</div> +</div> + + +<h3>The Buckeye Man</h3> + +<p>For the body of +the man who sits +astride the horse, +choose a buckeye +which is rather flat +on one side. A +round buckeye will roll off. Find a small buckeye for the +man's head and give him a twig neck (<a href="#Fig_122">Fig. 122</a>). Do not +make his twig arms stand out straight at his sides; push +them in slantingly so that he will hold them out in front. +Put his twig legs in far apart and slant them a little +forward.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 387px;"> +<a id="Fig_122"></a> +<img src="images/i_115.png" width="387" height="392" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.122 - The Buckeye Horse and Rider.</div> +</div> + +<p>Now place the man on the horse, and if he does not fit, +change the position of his legs until he sits securely. Your +buckeye man and buckeye horse will then look like <a href="#Fig_122">Fig. 122</a>.</p> + + +<h3>Pine-Cones. Pine-Cone Forest</h3> + +<p>Of course you like to gather the rich-brown pine-cones +that lie scattered on the ground under the pine-trees; we<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span> +all do. Collect a number of those which have loosened +and opened out their little leaf-like scales, then stand them +up like trees in an open space on the ground. They look +so much like toy trees we immediately want to play we +are foresters, way off in the wild western lands, planting +forest-trees for Uncle Sam.</p> + + +<p>We can make our forest as large as we want it and +plant trees every +day if we like, or +we can gather up +our nice, clean, dry +cones and take them +into the house to use +in some other way. +They make nice +playthings.</p> + + +<h3>A Fruit-and-Vegetable +Market</h3> + +<p>If you find small, +short cones, not +fully opened out, +notice how much +they look like little +pineapples; you +must save these for our fruit-and-vegetable market, where +we sell fat, short acorns as hazelnuts, the long acorns as +pecans, and the buckeyes, or horse-chestnuts, all shiny, +dark, and smooth, as eggplants, and rose-haws as apples.</p> + +<p>There are other things in our store, too. String-beans, +which are really locust-pods, and heads of white cauliflower +made of bunches of the wild carrot or Queen Anne's +Lace blossoms, tied together so that the pretty white flowers +of the wide-spreading clusters lie evenly with edges touching. +A number of these clusters are used for one head<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span> +of cauliflower, and around each head are arranged green +leaves with their tops cut off just as you see them around +the real vegetable.</p> + + +<h3>Cone Card-Rack</h3> + +<p>Save one of your fine, large-sized, wide-open cones and +make a card-rack of it like the one shown in the photograph +<a href="#Fig_123">Fig. 123</a>.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 431px;"><a id="Fig_123"></a> +<img src="images/i_116.jpg" width="431" height="492" alt="photograph" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.123 - Card rack and pin box combined.</div> +</div> + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span></p> + +<p>You must have a small, round or square wooden box +for the base and glue the flat bottom of the cone on the +lid. The box can be filled with small brass clips for holding +sheets of paper together, or with pins, and it will then +make a fine birthday or Christmas present for some one. +The cone card-rack is very useful on a writing-desk.</p> + +<p>If you make a number of these cone-racks they will be +something new for your next fair. Remember to stick +some pretty cards in each rack.</p> + + +<h3>Christmas-Tree Ornaments</h3> + +<p>Perhaps you would like to keep some of your cones for +Christmas-tree ornaments; they make very pretty ones.</p> + +<p>Gild several until they shine like gold, then silver others, +and they will look as if covered with white frost. If you +have collected any of the prickly sweet-gum balls that +look as if they were carved in little starry patterns, gild +and silver these, too, and let them dangle from the tree +on long gilt or silver cords.</p> + +<p>These natural, outdoor ornaments are not easily broken, +and may be kept from year to year for your Christmas +tree.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER XX<br /> +<small>BURDOCK-BURRS</small></h2> + + +<h3>The Little House of Burrs</h3> + +<p><span class="smcap">Now</span> let us build a little woodsy house of burrs (<a href="#Fig_124">Fig. 124</a>) +and put it in a little garden. Gather two heaping handfuls +of large-sized burdock-burrs, small ones are not strong +enough, and begin building. These burrs grow on a bush; +they are about the size of a marble, are almost round, are +prickly, and are pinkish at the top.</p> + +<p>Make the roof first (<a href="#Fig_125">Fig. 125</a>). Stick ten or twelve burrs +together in a row with pink heads all pointing in the same +direction. Place this row on a flat, smooth surface, a +board, flat stone, table, or, perhaps, the hard earth, and +attach another row of burrs along the side edge of the first +row. Continue to add more burrs until you have six or +seven rows fastened into one flat piece.</p> + +<p>Be sure that this piece does not bulge out or sink down +in places, for the roof must be perfectly flat. Make the +two side walls (<a href="#Fig_126">Figs. 126</a> and <a href="#Fig_127">127</a>) and the back wall of +the house as you made the roof; the back wall must be +the length of the roof and the height of the side walls (<a href="#Fig_128">Fig. +128</a>). The side walls must each fit on the ends of the roof +and be high enough to look well.</p> + +<p>The front wall of the house must have a doorway and +a window (<a href="#Fig_129">Fig. 129</a>). But first make it solid, exactly like +the back wall and exactly the same size, then lay it down +on the flat surface that you are using for a table, and open +a hole for the doorway by taking out five or six burrs, +counting from the bottom up, and two or three burrs, +counting from side to side. That will make about ten or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span> +twelve burrs to be removed. Take out the burrs for the +window and make the opening three or four burrs high and +two burrs wide. (See <a href="#Fig_129">Fig. 129</a>).</p> + +<p>Use four burrs for each side of the hollow square chimney +(<a href="#Fig_130">Fig. 130</a>), which is open at top and bottom.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 589px;"> +<a id="Fig_124"></a> +<img src="images/i_119.png" width="589" height="517" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.124 - The little woodsey house of Burdock-burrs with +ornamental trees of grass</div> +</div> + +<p>To put the different parts of the house together lay the +roof down flat and stick the edge of the back wall on top +of the outer row of burrs which forms one of the long edges +of the roof. Fasten one side wall on one short edge of the +roof in the same way and press the edge of the back wall +and the edge of the side wall together, making the corner +firm and square. Next attach the second side wall, and +lastly fit in the front wall.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span></p> + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 364px;"> +<a id="Fig_125"></a> +<img src="images/i_120a.png" width="364" height="128" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.125 - Roof of house of Burs.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 121px;"> +<a id="Fig_130"></a> +<img src="images/i_120d.png" width="121" height="105" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.130 - Chimney of +house of Burs.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 103px;"> +<a id="Fig_126"></a> +<img src="images/i_120b.png" width="103" height="321" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.126 - Side wall of +house of Burs.</div> +</div></td> +<td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 342px;"> +<a id="Fig_128"></a> +<img src="images/i_120e.png" width="342" height="270" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.128 - Back wall of house of Burs.</div> +</div></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 87px;"> +<a id="Fig_127"></a> +<img src="images/i_120c.png" width="87" height="312" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.127 - Side wall of +house of Burs.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 353px;"> +<a id="Fig_129"></a> +<img src="images/i_120f.png" width="353" height="273" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.129 - Front wall of house of Burs.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span></p> + +<p>Now lift the house carefully, place it right side up on the +ground, and adjust the chimney to the roof. As you work +keep the picture of the +house in front of you so +that you may see at a +glance whether you are +building it correctly or +not. If you cannot find +large burrs, let the sides +and the roof of the house +be two layers of burrs +stuck firmly together. +Make a path leading up +to the door of very small +shells, sand, or fresh earth.</p> + +<h3>Pond, with Water-Lilies, +in the Garden</h3> + +<p>Would you like to have +a little pond near the +house, with white water-lilies floating on its surface and wee +cattails growing here and there in and near the water's edge?</p> +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figleft" style="width: 271px;"> +<a id="Fig_131"></a> +<img src="images/i_121a.png" width="271" height="600" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.131 - Cat-tail for little +pond made of Timothy-Grass.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figright" style="width: 185px;"> +<a id="Fig_132"></a> +<img src="images/i_121b.png" width="185" height="286" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.132 - Cat-tail held upright +by Burdock-burrs.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span></p> + +<p>You can easily make such a pond. Sink a shallow pan +in the ground, a hole must be dug to fit it, you know, and +fill the pan with water. Cover the edges with moss or earth +and plant short-stemmed heads of timothy-grass (<a href="#Fig_131">Fig. 131</a>) +and slender, stiff grass-blades in scattered groups near +the water. It is timothy-grass that looks so much like +cattails, and also the grass called foxtail.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 413px;"> +<a id="Fig_133"></a> +<img src="images/i_122a.png" width="413" height="336" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.133 - The play Water-Lily made +of a White Clover floating +on water.</div> +</div> + + +<p>Some of the cattails can be made to look as if they were +growing in the pond if you make a flat-bottomed ball of +burrs around the ends of the stems to hold them upright +(<a href="#Fig_132">Fig. 132</a>), and put some small stones on top of the ball +to weight it down in the water.</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 346px;"> +<a id="Fig_134"></a> +<img src="images/i_122b.png" width="346" height="339" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.134 - Cut leaves for the water lilies from a Maple leaf +as shown here.</div> +</div> + +<p>For the little water-lilies select perfect white clover-blossoms +(<a href="#Fig_133">Fig. 133</a>), and for the leaves, or lily-pads, use<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span> +any rather small, smooth, round leaves. The marsh-marigold +leaf will answer, or you can cut out water-lily leaves +from oak or maple. Make them the shape of the pattern +<a href="#Fig_134">Fig. 134</a>. The pattern here is laid on a maple-leaf ready +to cut out a leaf for the water-lily. Make a number of +lilies and float them and the leaves on top of the water.</p> + + +<h3>A Pea-Pod Canoe</h3> + +<p>You might add a pea-pod canoe (<a href="#Fig_135">Fig. 135</a>), with a tiny +American flag standing proudly erect at the bow.</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 541px;"> +<a id="Fig_135"></a> +<img src="images/i_123a.png" width="541" height="152" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.135 - Pea-pod Canoe.</div> +</div> + + +<p>When you make the canoe, open the pod where you see +the dotted line in <a href="#Fig_136">Fig. 136</a>. To keep the pod open make +little braces of broom-straws, and put them in crosswise +with one end against each side of the canoe. There are +four braces in the canoe (<a href="#Fig_135">Fig. 135</a>), but you may not need +that many.</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 533px;"> +<a id="Fig_136"></a> +<img src="images/i_123b.png" width="533" height="135" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.136 - Cut open the pea-pod along dotted line.</div> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>The Trees</h3> + +<p>In the picture given here the tree on the left of the little +house of burrs is just two stalks of the common grass called +meadow muhlenbergia, which are held up as if really growing, +by several green burrs left from building the house. +The burrs are squeezed up tight to the grass-stems and +then pressed down tight to the ground. You can find the +grass for these trees almost any place; it is very social and +loves to make its home with other grasses.</p> + +<p>The graceful, drooping tree on the right of the house +is made of the grass called brome-grass. Keep your eyes +open and you will find it some time while playing out-of-doors. +As soon as you see it, run to the brome-grass and +whisper its name. You will be glad to discover it and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span> +will remember its name afterward whenever you see the +grass.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 460px;"> +<a id="Fig_137"></a> +<img src="images/i_124.png" width="460" height="454" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.137 - Burdock-burr target.</div> +</div> + +<p>Look at the picture again and notice the odd plants near +the brome-grass tree. Their name is Bermuda-grass. See +how they spread out their long, slender fingers. They look +very much like a grass named the small crab-grass, and +another the large crab-grass, +and like another still called +the wire-grass; but if you put +all these side by side and examine +them closely you will +see how they differ.</p> + + +<h3>Burdock-Burr Game</h3> +<div class="figleft" style="width: 272px;"> +<a id="Fig_138"></a> +<img src="images/i_125.png" width="272" height="489" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.138 - Hold the burr this way +when you throw it at the +target.</div> +</div> +<p>Besides making things of +burdock-burrs, you can play +a game with them. The game +is something like archery, +only, instead of shooting arrows +at a target, you throw +burrs at it.</p> + +<p>Get a good-sized piece of +woollen cloth or some kind +of material with a rough surface +to which the burrs will +cling. Tack this up on the +fence or on a board; then, +with a large piece of chalk +that will make a wide mark, +draw four circles, one inside the other like <a href="#Fig_137">Fig. 137</a>. It +doesn't matter if your circles are not perfect. Do the +best you can and finish your target. Number the spaces +between the circles 1, 2, 3, 10. The outer space is 1, the +next, 2, next to the centre 3, and the centre 10. The centre, +being the bull's-eye, counts most.</p> + + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span></p> + +<p>Have ready a lot of burrs for each player; mark a +boundary-line on the ground, beyond which no one must +step in throwing the burrs, and, standing at the boundary-line, +let each player in turn throw three burrs at the target. +The burrs that stick to the target make the score if they +are in the numbered spaces. <a href="#Fig_138">Fig. 138</a> shows how to hold +the burr. Suppose one burr sticks to the space numbered +2, and the two others are in number 1, the player would +then have two ones and one two which, added together, +make four; her score then would be four.</p> + +<p>Always pull the burrs of one player off the target before +the next player takes her turn, and there will be no question +as to who should claim them. After each player has +had three turns, let every one add up her scores. The +player who has the highest wins the game. If divided +into sides, the players on the side having the highest score +are the winners and they should be given a hearty cheer +by the losing side. Even very little girls and boys should +learn to be good losers and to help celebrate the victory +of others.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER XXI<br /> +<small>THINGS TO MAKE OF ENGLISH-WALNUT SHELLS</small></h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Nuts</span> are the seed-vessels of the nut-trees; did you ever +think of that? They do not grow only that we may have +something delicious to eat. They ripen and fall on the +ground, where some of them take root and grow up into +trees themselves. If you plant a hickory-nut a little +hickory-tree should come up, and it will if the conditions +are all right. If you plant a walnut it will be a walnut-tree +that will appear; so you see a nutshell is the seed-vessel +of the nut-tree.</p> + +<p>English walnuts do not grow wild in this country, but +are cultivated here and you all know what the English +walnut is like. Our American walnut is very hard to crack; +its shell is rough and deeply grooved, but the English-walnut +shell is smooth and without sharp edges, though its +surface is uneven. There is a shallow groove running round +the shell, like a seam, and the shell cracks open along this +seam evenly and easily.</p> + + +<h3>To Open an English Walnut</h3> + +<p>The easiest way to open an English walnut so that +the shell will be in two perfect halves is to push the tip +of a penknife-blade into the groove at the large end of +the nut, and then slowly and carefully turn the knife to +pry the halves apart. When opened this way the shell +is never broken (<a href="#Fig_139">Fig. 139</a>).</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 427px;"> +<a id="Fig_139"></a> +<img src="images/i_128.png" width="427" height="409" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.139 - This is the way to open the shell.</div> +</div> + +<p>After you have opened several nuts and taken out the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span> +kernels, use the knife to cut away the thin, papery divisions +inside the shells. You will then be ready to make</p> + + +<h3>The Professor</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>and one half-shell is to be his head. Draw a face on the +shell like the face of the professor (<a href="#Fig_140">Fig. 140</a>). The narrow +part of the shell is his chin, the wide part, the top of his +head. He has an intellectual forehead, high and broad, +with furrows of thought showing plainly on it.</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 418px;"> +<a id="Fig_140"></a> +<img src="images/i_129a.png" width="418" height="524" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.140 - The English Walnutshell Professor.</div> +</div> + + +<h3>The Professor's Robe</h3> + +<p>As a rule professors wear black robes when they wear +any, but our nutshell professor wears white because it is +more becoming to his dark complexion, and because it +is more effective and draws attention to him.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 431px;"> +<a id="Fig_141"></a> +<img src="images/i_129b.png" width="431" height="533" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.141 - The Professor's Robe.</div> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span></p> + +<p>To make the robe, fold an oblong piece of white paper +into a square, which makes the square double. The edges +should measure about four inches. If you have a large +white envelope cut off one end to make it square and use +that. Fold the square diagonally across from point to +point, as is shown by the dotted +line in <a href="#Fig_141">Fig. 141</a>. Now turn +back first one side point, then +the other side point, and make +them meet over the first fold to +form a fanlike pleat, wider at +the bottom than at the top. +The dotted lines on either side of the middle one in <a href="#Fig_141">Fig. +141</a> show where the folds should come. The middle fold +is bent out, or toward you; the side folds are bent in, or +away from you. The side points now extending toward +you are the wide, flowing sleeves of the professor's gown.</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 517px;"> +<a id="Fig_142"></a> +<img src="images/i_130a.png" width="517" height="214" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.142 - The Nutshell Mouse.</div> +</div> +<div class="figright" style="width: 92px;"> +<a id="Fig_143"></a> +<img src="images/i_130b.png" width="92" height="126" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.143 - Ear for the mouse.</div> +</div> +<p>Take the robe in your hand at the bottom point, holding +it from the back, and on the top point hang the professor's +nutshell head (<a href="#Fig_140">Fig. 140</a>).</p> + +<p>While the head balances quite securely on the point, +you can make it wag from side to side, make it shake and +tremble when the professor grows very earnest in his discourse, +and make the chin thrust itself forward when he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span> +is emphatic. You do all this merely by shaking and tipping +the paper robe. He is an amusing little lecturer, this +English-walnut shell professor, and seems very much alive.</p> + + +<h3>English-Walnut Shell Mouse</h3> + +<p>It is a far cry from a lecturer to a little mouse, yet one +English-walnut shell will make both, half a shell for each.</p> +<div class="figleft" style="width: 338px;"> +<a id="Fig_144"></a> +<img src="images/i_131a.png" width="338" height="240" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.144 - The Nutshell Thimble Box.</div> +</div><div class="figright" style="width: 194px;"> +<a id="Fig_145"></a> +<img src="images/i_131b.png" width="194" height="507" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.145 - Tie a ribbon +around the nut.</div> +</div> +<p>This is a nice, cosey-looking little +mouse who crouches down comfortably +and does not show his +legs (<a href="#Fig_142">Fig. 142</a>).</p> + +<p>The point of the shell is the +nose of the mouse; above it make +two round, black eyes and then +paste on two brown-paper ears. +Cut the ears like <a href="#Fig_143">Fig. 143</a>, bend +back the little stems at the bottom, +put a touch of paste on each stem and stick the +ears to the mouse's head in the position shown in <a href="#Fig_142">Fig. +142</a>. Cut a piece of string about three inches long for +the tail and paste one end of it on the inside edge of the +shell at the large end.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span></p> + +<p>If you make three of these mice and glue them to a piece +of cardboard they will look very cunning. Or you can +glue one mouse to a small card and use it for the top of a +Christmas pen-wiper.</p> + + +<h3>English-Walnut Shell Thimble-Box</h3> + +<p>A pretty way to give a small present at Christmas or +on a birthday is to put it into an English-walnut shell box. +A thimble fits in the box beautifully (see <a href="#Fig_144">Fig. 144</a>).</p> + +<p>Open the shell of an English walnut in the way described +(<a href="#Fig_139">Fig. 139</a>). Cut away the inside partitions and, with jeweller's +cotton, make a soft little bed in one-half of the shell. +Press down the cotton in the middle to make a hollow, and +in this hollow fit the new thimble. Put a layer of cotton +over the top of the thimble and tuck in the edges. The +way to close the box is to cover the edges of the other half-shell +with glue and then fit it on the half that holds the +thimble, just as it was before you opened it.</p> + +<p>Now you have a whole nut again, but the meat inside +is very different from that which you took out. You can +gild the nutshell after the glue has hardened or leave it +as it is. Its own brown color is pretty enough. In either +case you must have a piece of narrow ribbon to tie around +the box and form a loop by which to hang it (<a href="#Fig_145">Fig. 145</a>).</p> + +<p>Pass the ribbon under the small end of the nutshell, then +bring it up and tie it securely at the top of the large end. +The ribbon should not be over the seam but should pass +across the middle of each half-shell. It will then hold the +two parts together and keep the glue from loosening. After +the ribbon is tied at the top of the nut, make a long loop +above it and tie again in a bow-knot.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2><i>PART VI</i><br /> +<small>VEGETABLES</small></h2> + +<hr class="chap" /> + + +<h2>CHAPTER XXII<br /> +<small>THINGS YOU CAN MAKE OF LIMA BEANS</small></h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Vegetables</span> are good to eat, certainly, and you know +what they are like when cooked and on the dinner-table; +but many are also good to play with. You can make fine +toys of them, toys that are entirely different from any you +have ever seen. Here is the</p> + + +<h3>Swimming Fish Made of a Lima-Bean Pod</h3> + +<p>A fish that really swims, not on top of the water but in +it, is the little fish (<a href="#Fig_146">Fig. 146</a>). You won't find that in a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span> +shop or anywhere else, for I have only just discovered how +to make it myself.</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 599px;"> +<a id="Fig_146"></a> +<img src="images/i_133a.png" width="599" height="154" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.146 - The Lima Bean Fish will swim.</div> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 472px;"> +<a id="Fig_147"></a> +<img src="images/i_133b.png" width="472" height="135" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.147 - The pod for the fish must be open at the bottom.</div> +</div> + +<p>A paper tail and two paper fins must be added, but that +won't take five minutes when you know how to do it. The +tail and fins make it wonderfully +lifelike, for when the fish swims +around in a big basin or dish-pan, +the tail sways this way and that, +the fins move back and forth exactly +as they do on a living fish +in a real lake or in the great ocean.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 219px;"> +<a id="Fig_148"></a> +<img src="images/i_134a.png" width="219" height="145" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.148 - The fin of Bean-pod +Fish</div> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 423px;"> +<a id="Fig_149"></a> +<img src="images/i_134b.png" width="423" height="258" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.149 - Tail of Bean-pod Fish.</div> +</div> +<div class="figleft" style="width: 461px;"> +<a id="Fig_150"></a> +<img src="images/i_135.png" width="461" height="600" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.150 - The Lima Bean Man will stand.</div> +</div> +<p>Choose a good, firm bean-pod, +one as flat and even as you can +find, open it carefully along the straight edge and take +out the beans. Save the beans, for you can make something +of them too. Do not let the pod close again after +the beans are out. It must be open about half an inch, +or maybe a little more, at the middle. You can widen +the opening by pushing your finger in. Be careful not to +split it along the upper edge. It should be like <a href="#Fig_147">Fig. 147</a>, +which shows the opening at the bottom.</p> + +<p>With the small blade of a pocket-knife make a slit on<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span> +each side of the pod at the large end where it is marked +C in <a href="#Fig_147">Fig. 147</a>.</p> + + + +<p>These slits are to hold the fins. Directly on the curved +edge of the small end of the pod, at the place marked D, +cut another short slit. Don't let it reach the lower edge. +This is to hold the tail.</p> + +<p>From writing-paper, not the very heavy kind, cut two +fins like <a href="#Fig_148">Fig. 148</a>. Double the paper and cut out both at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span> +once so that they may be exactly alike. From the same +kind of paper cut the tail like <a href="#Fig_149">Fig. 149</a>. All you have to +do now is to push the sharp point of one paper fin into the +slit on one side of the pod, the other fin into the slit on the +other side of the pod, and the sharp point of the tail into +the slit in the edge of the pod, and there is your fish. You +see the fins and tail are not pasted on and they really seem +a living part of the fish. Notice that the top of fins and +tail are different from the bottom, and be sure to have the +top edge up when you put them in the slits.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 515px;"> +<a id="Fig_151"></a> +<img src="images/i_136.png" width="515" height="441" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.151 - Parts of Lima Bean Man</div> +</div> + +<p>The way to make the lima-bean fish swim is to place +it, open edge down, in a large basin of water; then with +a stick or spoon begin at the centre to stir the water gently +and gradually round and round until it all moves faster +and faster, and keeps on moving after you stop stirring. +Then your little green fish will swim. Round and round<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span> +the basin he will go, his tail waving and his fins moving +so naturally you will shout with delight.</p> + +<p>If at first the fish insists upon turning over on his side +and floating about like a dead fish, don't give him up. He +is only playing 'possum. He <i>can</i> swim and he <i>will</i> if you +are patient and keep setting him upright until he gains his +balance and becomes used to the water. Remember to put +the fish <i>in</i> the water, not on top.</p> + +<p>Don't let the beans, that you have taken out of the pod +when making the fish, get dry and hard. They can +be turned into a</p> + + +<h3>Lima-Bean Man</h3> + +<p>Three beans and several strong, straight broom-straws +you will need for making this comical little fellow, who, +upright and independent, stands squarely on his own feet. +That is a good thing for any one to do, let alone a little +bean man (<a href="#Fig_150">Fig. 150</a>).</p> + +<p>The beans should be of different sizes. A large one for +the body, next in size for the feet and a smaller one for +the head. Some beans have a little point that stands out +on one edge and looks like a tiny nose, while below it there +is a round hollow that looks like a little open mouth. That +is the kind of bean to choose for the little man's head.</p> + +<p>The broom-straw for Mr. Bean's arms should be quite +four inches long, if he is to be four inches tall. Cut one +end of this broom-straw slanting to a point like E in <a href="#Fig_151">Fig. +151</a>, and push the point through the upper part of the body +bean and out far enough on the other side to make the +arms of equal length; then bend one arm up at the middle +where the elbow should be, and the other arm down as +you see them in the drawing of the man (<a href="#Fig_150">Fig. 150</a>).</p> + +<p>The broom-straws for the legs must be two and a half +inches long and cut pointed at both ends, for one end of +the leg is pushed into the lower part of the body bean and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span> +the other end into the half bean which is the foot. Split +the foot bean in half to make two feet and push the leg +straw into the rounded side. The flat side is the bottom +of the foot.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 515px;"> +<a id="Fig_152"></a> +<img src="images/i_138.png" width="515" height="301" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.152 - The beans are not taken out of the pod for +the Lima Bean Pig.</div> +</div> + +<p>A short piece of broom-straw, hardly an inch long, is +the neck. Cut this straw pointed at each end, push one +end into the top of the body bean and the other end into +the lower part of the head bean. Use one-half of the outer +skin, that comes off the foot bean when you split it, for +a hat. Being curved like a rose-petal, it fits the head very +nicely, but a drop of paste on the little man's head will +make it more secure.</p> + +<p>Your lima-bean man may be a farmer and own</p> + + +<h3>A Lima-Bean Pig</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>—a funny pig with fat sides and a turned-up snout (<a href="#Fig_152">Fig. +152</a>).</div> + +<p>Look over all your bean-pods that still have beans in +them, and select the one shaped most like <a href="#Fig_153">Fig. 153</a>. Do +not take the beans out of the pod; they make the pig fat +and solid. The stem end forms the snout and the head.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 502px;"> +<a id="Fig_153"></a> +<img src="images/i_139a.png" width="502" height="149" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.153 - Choose a bean-pod shaped like this for your pig.</div> +</div> + +<p>Cut four broom-straws about one and a half inches long +for the legs. Sharpen each of these straws at one end and +push the pointed end into the lower part of the body, two on +each side, in the places shown by small rings on <a href="#Fig_153">Fig. 153</a>.</p> + +<p>From part of another +bean-pod cut two ears +like F, <a href="#Fig_154">Fig. 154</a>, and pin +them on the pig's head +with a short straw as +they are shown in the +picture of the pig. Run +the straw through one +ear near the bottom, +through the head and +then through the other +ear on the other side of +the head.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 353px;"> +<a id="Fig_154"></a> +<img src="images/i_139b.png" width="353" height="312" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.154 - Make these of a bean-pod +or of paper.</div> +</div> + +<p>Pull a narrow strip +from the edge of a bean-pod +for the tail (G, <a href="#Fig_154">Fig. 154</a>). Curl it by drawing it lightly +over the blade of the scissors. Punch a small hole with the +point of the scissors in the upper edge of the pig's back +at the place marked by the arrow on <a href="#Fig_153">Fig. 153</a>, and push +one end of the tail into the hole. Make small round dots +with a pencil, or pen and ink, for the eyes. The ears and +tail may be made of paper if you find that easier to use.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER XXIII<br /> +<small>SWEET-POTATO ALLIGATOR AND WHAT TO MAKE OF +A RADISH</small></h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">If</span> you have ever seen an alligator, a long-tailed sweet +potato will make you think of one immediately.</p> + +<p><a href="#Fig_155">Fig. 155</a> is a baby alligator with a sweet-potato body +and paper head and legs. It is just the size of the little +alligators they sell for pets down in Florida. That is, the +alligator from which the drawing was made is the size of +the live ones; the drawing is, of course, smaller.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 604px;"> +<a id="Fig_155"></a> +<img src="images/i_140a.png" width="604" height="148" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.155 - The Baby Alligator made of a Sweet Potato.</div> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 540px;"> +<a id="Fig_156"></a> +<img src="images/i_140b.png" width="540" height="130" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.156 - Find a potato shaped like this for the alligator..</div> +</div> + +<p>Find a potato shaped like <a href="#Fig_156">Fig. 156</a>. Cut a slit in the +large end and two slits on each side where you see them +in <a href="#Fig_156">Fig. 156</a>. When you make the side slits push your knife +in with the blade slanting upward and backward for the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span> +front legs, and slanting downward and backward for the +back legs. This will allow the paper legs to slide in without +bending.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 478px;"><a id="Fig_157"></a> +<img src="images/i_141a.png" width="478" height="307" alt="drawing" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.157 - Make the alligator's head like this.</div> +</div> + +<p>Use brown paper, as near the color of the potato as you +can get, for the alligator's head and legs. Make the head +like <a href="#Fig_157">Fig. 157</a>, cutting along the heavy lines and bending +along the dotted ones. Bend down the sides of the head<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span> +and of the neck, then bend the head first up, then down, +to lift it above the neck (<a href="#Fig_155">Fig. 155</a>.)</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 329px;"> +<a id="Fig_158"></a> +<img src="images/i_141b.png" width="329" height="228" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.158 - Cut two front legs by this +pattern.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 263px;"> +<a id="Fig_159"></a> +<img src="images/i_141c.png" width="263" height="292" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.159 - Make the two hind legs by +this pattern.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>The eyes of a baby alligator are large and prominent. +Draw them on the head as you see them in <a href="#Fig_157">Fig. 157</a>. That +is as near as we can come to the real eyes.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 433px;"> +<a id="Fig_160"></a> +<img src="images/i_142.png" width="433" height="600" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.160 - The Radish Imp is a decorative +little fellow.</div> +</div> + +<p>Cut out of the same paper used for the head two fore +legs like <a href="#Fig_158">Fig. 158</a>, and two hind legs like <a href="#Fig_159">Fig. 159</a>. Slide +the fore legs into the slits nearest the large end of the potato<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span> +and the hind legs into the slits near the tail. Push the +point of the paper neck into the slit at the large end of the +potato. That finishes the baby alligator, which is wonderfully +true to life.</p> + + +<h3>What to Make of a Radish</h3> + +<p>A crisp, fresh, clean radish is very tempting, but don't +eat it this time; turn it into something +else by the magic your ten +fingers can work.</p> + + +<h3>The Radish Imp</h3> + +<p><a href="#Fig_160">Fig. 160</a> shows a round white +radish which, with its long, slender +root and leaves still on it, has been +changed into a queer little radish +imp by using strong broom-straws +to stiffen his leaf arms, his leaf legs, +and his leaf body. His eyes are bits +of broom-straw, his mouth is a slit +with a broom-straw tongue, and his +absurd, stand-out ears are also pieces +of stout broom-straw.</p> + +<p>The root growing out of the top +of his head is like a Chinaman's +queue standing on end with little, +crinkly separate hairs at its base.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 205px;"> +<a id="Fig_161"></a> +<img src="images/i_143.png" width="205" height="486" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.161 - Cut two broom-straws +for the arms and +two for the legs.</div> +</div> + +<p>When you make your radish imp +cut two broom-straws about four +inches long for his arms; point these at the ends. Cut +two more strong broom-straws a little longer than the +distance between the radish and the tips of the two longest +leaves. Point these at both ends (<a href="#Fig_161">Fig. 161</a>). Now +choose two leaves of even length, nearest the radish, for +the arms. Don't take them off but push a broom-straw<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span> +through each leaf, first in, then out, then push the other +end of the straw into the thick part of the stems just under +the radish. Look at <a href="#Fig_160">Fig. 160</a> and see how this is done.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 434px;"> +<a id="Fig_162"></a> +<img src="images/i_144a.png" width="434" height="220" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.162 - White Mouse.</div> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 532px;"> +<a id="Fig_163"></a> +<img src="images/i_144b.png" width="532" height="284" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.163 - These belong to the mouse.</div> +</div> + +<p>The leaves with the longest stems must be used for the +legs. If there are more than two long-stemmed leaves, +cut off all except those wanted for the legs. Bend the long, +stout broom-straws at one end, as in <a href="#Fig_161">Fig. 161</a>, and push +the other end up through the thick part of the stems and +into the radish; then with a piece of string or strong blade +of grass tie the stems of the leaves to the straws, as shown +in <a href="#Fig_160">Fig. 160</a>. This forms a little belt at the waist-line. Leave<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span> +a large leaf with short stem loose at the back for a cape +and run the bent ends of the long straws in and out of the +leaves intended for the feet.</p> + +<p>Cut a curved slit in the radish for a mouth and push +in a small piece of broom-straw for a tongue, then put in +bits of straw for eyes, nose, and uplifted ears.</p> + + +<h3>A White Mouse</h3> + +<p>You can make a most amusing little white mouse of a +white radish; not a round one like that used for the imp, +but egg-shaped, like <a href="#Fig_162">Fig. 162</a>. The long root is the tail +of the mouse and the other end of the radish is his head. +Cut two paper ears like H, <a href="#Fig_163">Fig. 163</a>. Make two slits in the +head and slip the pointed ends of the ears into the slits.</p> + +<p>For whiskers (all mice have whiskers) find two sprays +of fine branching broom-straws (I, <a href="#Fig_163">Fig. 163</a>), cut them +the proper length, and push a spray into the head on each +side of the nose. Put bits of broom-straw in for eyes and +then cut four thick straws like J, <a href="#Fig_163">Fig. 163</a>, and push the +pointed ends slantingly in the lower part of the radish for +the feet of the mouse. His legs are not seen because he +is crouching. The drawing of the mouse shows where to +put the feet.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER XXIV<br /> +<small>GREEN-PEA TOYS AND A GREEN-PEA DESIGN</small></h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Press</span> your thumb on the rounded edge of a fresh, fat +green pea-pod, and, pop! it goes splitting open at the top. +Then push your thumb into the opening, run it down the +pod and the two halves separate, showing a row of fine, +large peas that look like great green pearls in a soft, silk-lined +case made expressly for them.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 561px;"> +<a id="Fig_164"></a> +<img src="images/i_146.png" width="561" height="236" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.164 - The Green Pea Greenies, cousins of the Brownies.</div> +</div> + +<p>You have done this ever so many times when helping +mother, haven't you? And you know that the next thing +to do when the pod is open is to run that same little thumb +down again and scoop out all those round green peas, letting +them fall with a patter into the pan in your lap.</p> + +<p>Now as a reward for such helpfulness suppose you ask +mother or the cook to give you a good big handful of +peas which have not been shelled, and ask also for some +wooden toothpicks such as are used in the kitchen for fastening +meat together; or a number of nice, straight, strong<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span> +broom-straws if there are no wooden toothpicks. Take all +these out on the porch if the day is fine and sit down comfortably +to make the remarkable things which I am going +to tell you how to make. It is a good plan to have a box +and its cover to hold the shelled peas and their pods, but +it does not really matter except that the round peas are +apt to roll away and get lost if you put them in your lap.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 557px;"> +<a id="Fig_165"></a> +<img src="images/i_147.png" width="557" height="355" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.165 - Parts of the Greeny Girl and how to put them together.</div> +</div> + + +<h3>The Greeny Girl</h3> + +<p>The little green-pea greenies, cousins of the brownies, +shown in the illustration are funny, aren't they? But +the drawing is not as funny as the real greenies, and you +can make them in all sorts of absurd positions.</p> + +<p>Two little men and a widely smiling greeny girl are given +here (<a href="#Fig_164">Fig. 164</a>). The large green peas that come late in +the season are used to make these little people. In fact, +it is only the large peas that can be used for any of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span> +things described. <a href="#Fig_165">Fig. 165</a> shows how the greeny girl is +put together. Her arms, legs, and neck are made of broom-straws. +Her body and head are green peas. Her dress is +one end of a pea-pod and her feet are bits of a pea-pod cut +the shape you see in <a href="#Fig_165">Fig. 165</a>.</p> + +<p>First cut short pieces of broom-straws for the legs and +point them at both ends so that they will be easy to push +into the peas and pods. Cut another piece the same length, +pointed at the top end for the support. Push the legs and +support into the large pea used for the body as you see +them in <a href="#Fig_165">Fig. 165</a>. Now cut another piece of broom-straw +pointed at both ends for the neck and push one end into +the pea you have selected for the head.</p> + + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 273px;"> +<a id="Fig_166"></a> +<img src="images/i_148a.png" width="273" height="260" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.166 - Begin the tent in +this way.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 247px;"> +<a id="Fig_167"></a> +<img src="images/i_148b.png" width="247" height="221" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.167 - The Greenies' Pea-pod +tent.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + +<p>Cut off the stem of a large pea-pod, leaving the little +leaves at the top, which were the calyx of the pea-blossom, +for a collar, and then cut the pea-pod dress the proper length +to fit the little woman. When that is done put the dress +on over the headless body and push the lower end of the +broom-straw neck in at the top, down through the collar, +and into the pea which forms the body. With a pin make +a hole on each side just under the collar and push a broom-straw<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span> +arm in each of the armholes you have made. Bend +one straw in the middle, as in <a href="#Fig_165">Fig. 165</a>, to give the bent +elbow.</p> + +<p>Last of all cut two three-cornered feet like the one in +<a href="#Fig_165">Fig. 165</a> from a pea-pod and push a foot on the end of each +leg. Turn the toes in and the little figure will look very +comical. To give her a face, dip a pen in black ink and +make two round eyes in the head, a round nose, and a wide +mouth turned up at the corners. The pen must be pushed +through the skin of the pea to do this. When the greeny +girl stands up, her dress hides the support at the back so +that it cannot always be seen, and she looks as if she stood +on her two feet just as you stand on yours.</p> + + +<h3>The Greeny Men</h3> + +<p>The illustration (<a href="#Fig_164">Fig. 164</a>) shows how the greeny men +are put together. The little dancing fellow must have +two supports because one foot is lifted. The tiny ridiculous +cap on the head of the other man is the little cap that +holds the pea to the pod and sometimes clings to the pea +after it is shelled.</p> + + +<h3>Pea-Pod Tents</h3> + +<p>The greenies' little tents are made of pea-pods and it +takes three pods for each tent. After you have taken out +the peas split the pods up along the back edge, but leave +the two halves fastened together at the stem. Stand up +two pods by pushing the stem end of one pod between the +two halves at the top of the other, as they are shown in +<a href="#Fig_166">Fig. 166</a>. Then separate the halves of the third and longest +pod and place it astride the first two (<a href="#Fig_167">Fig. 167</a>). This will +make quite a strong tent, and, if you like, you can have +a whole camp of them.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>The Green-Pea House</h3> + +<p>The greenies need not always live in tents. Like other +people, they can have houses as well.</p> + +<p>It is best to use the wooden toothpicks in making the +house. They are stronger than broom-straws and all the +same length. Begin by putting the front of the house together. +Make the peak first. Choose a large pea, push +the end of a toothpick into it, then not far from that push +in the end of another toothpick slantingly so that the lower +ends will be separated as you see them in <a href="#Fig_168">Fig. 168</a>. On +each of these lower ends stick a pea like <a href="#Fig_169">Fig. 169</a>. That +is the peak for the roof. Now make a long upright for +each side by using a pea to join two sticks (<a href="#Fig_170">Fig. 170</a>), and +push the upper end of each upright into the peas at the +lower ends of the peak (<a href="#Fig_171">Fig. 171</a>).</p> + + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 224px;"> +<a id="Fig_168"></a> +<img src="images/i_150a.png" width="224" height="127" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.168 - Begin the peak in +this way.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 237px;"> +<a id="Fig_169"></a> +<img src="images/i_150b.png" width="237" height="122" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.169 - Stick a pea on the +lower ends of each toothpick +to finish the peak.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + +<p>Shorten two toothpicks by breaking half an inch off +each of them, then join them as you did the uprights by +pushing one end of each stick into a large pea (<a href="#Fig_172">Fig. 172</a>). +This is the front joist or crosspiece of the upper floor +of the house, and you must fit it in between the two uprights +of the front by pushing the ends of the crosspiece +into the peas at the middle of the uprights (<a href="#Fig_173">Fig. 173</a>).</p> + + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 231px;"> +<a id="Fig_171"></a> +<img src="images/i_151b.png" width="231" height="362" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.171 - Add the uprights +to the peak.</div> +</div></td> +<td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 40px;"> +<a id="Fig_170"></a> +<img src="images/i_151a.png" width="40" height="267" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.170 - The long +upright.</div> +</div><div class="figcenter" style="width: 236px;"> +<a id="Fig_172"></a> +<img src="images/i_151c.png" width="236" height="41" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.172 - This is the front +joist.</div> +</div></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 226px;"> +<a id="Fig_173"></a> +<img src="images/i_151d.png" width="226" height="361" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.173 - Fit the joist in +between the two uprights.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 231px;"> +<a id="Fig_174"></a> +<img src="images/i_151e.png" width="231" height="362" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.174 - The back of the house.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>The back of the house is made in the same way with a +third upright added which runs down through the middle<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a><br /><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span> +from the point of the peak to the bottom of the house. +This third upright is made by shortening two toothpicks +and joining them with a pea, then fitting them in between +the pea at the top of the peak and the pea at the middle +of the crosspiece. A whole toothpick with the upper end +pushed into the lower part of the pea at the middle of the +crosspiece finishes the long upright (<a href="#Fig_174">Fig. 174</a>).</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<a id="Fig_176"></a> +<img src="images/i_152.png" width="600" height="523" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.176 - The Greenies' little house.</div> +</div> + +<p>When the front and back are made all there is to do to +finish the frame of the house is to put in the crosspieces +to hold them together. <a href="#Fig_175">Fig. 175</a> shows all these crosspieces +or joists. One crosspiece between the two peas at +the top of the front and back peaks for the ridge-pole (K,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span> +<a href="#Fig_175">Fig. 175</a>), one on each side between the peas at the bottom +of the peaks (L and M), one at each side between the peas +at the ends of the front and back +crosspieces (N, O), and one between +the two peas at the middle of +the front and back crosspieces (P).</p> + + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 263px;"> +<a id="Fig_175"></a> +<img src="images/i_153a.png" width="263" height="366" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.175 - This is the frame of +the house.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 229px;"> +<a id="Fig_177"></a> +<img src="images/i_153b.png" width="229" height="41" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.177 - The first bar of +the fence.</div> +</div> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 241px;"> +<a id="Fig_178"></a> +<img src="images/i_153c.png" width="241" height="149" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.178 - Push in two +uprights.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>Now you have the frame of a +two-storied house or a house +with only an upper story, but +it needs a roof and a floor. +Split some of your pea-pods in +half and lay one at a time +across the ridge-pole at the +top and the crosspiece at the +bottom of the peak. Put half +of a pod on one side of the +peak, half a pod on the other +side of the peak, then another +half pod on the first side, and +the next one on the second +side, and so on until the space +is covered and the house is +roofed in. The stem ends of +the pods must be up. The +stems lock together and hold the +roof in place.</p> + +<p>Make the loosely laid floor also +of the split pea-pods, putting them +across from front to back.</p> + + +<p>Your little house (<a href="#Fig_176">Fig. 176</a>) now +looks like those which strange +people in far-away, hot countries +build for themselves. They have +no lower story or what we call a first floor, but are lifted +on posts far above the sometimes very damp ground,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span> +and out of reach of any wild animals that may be prowling +around.</p> + + +<h3>The Fence</h3> + +<p>You can make a fence to put around the house in this +way: Push a large pea on each end of a whole toothpick +like <a href="#Fig_177">Fig. 177</a>, then break a toothpick +exactly in half, stick one +end of each half into the lower +parts of the peas to form uprights, +and push the lower end +of each of these uprights into +another pea as shown in <a href="#Fig_178">Fig. 178</a>. +For the slanting crosspiece stick +one end of another toothpick into +the upper pea at the left-hand side, and the other end +into the lower pea at the right-hand side (<a href="#Fig_179">Fig. 179</a>). Add +a toothpick between the two lower peas, and one section of +the fence is finished +(<a href="#Fig_180">Fig. 180</a>).</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 242px;"> +<a id="Fig_179"></a> +<img src="images/i_154a.png" width="242" height="143" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.179 - Put in a slanting +crosspiece.</div> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 437px;"> +<a id="Fig_180"></a> +<img src="images/i_154b.png" width="437" height="177" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.180 - The finished section and the way to +begin a new section of the fence.</div> +</div> + +<p>Begin another +section by sticking +one end of a +toothpick into a +new pea and the +other end into +the upper pea at +the left side of +the section you +have just finished (<a href="#Fig_180">Fig. 180</a>), then put in half a toothpick +for the upright, a pea on the bottom of that, a whole +toothpick for the slanting crosspiece, and another whole +toothpick for the bottom.</p> + +<p>In this way you can keep on adding section after section +and make your fence any length. To turn a corner all<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span> +you have to do is to push the toothpicks which form the +upper and lower crosspieces of a new section in at the +back of the top and bottom peas of an end section of the +fence.</p> + + +<h3>The Tropical Plant</h3> + +<p>You will notice that in the illustration there is a plant +growing at the side of the house which looks something +like a cactus and adds to the tropical, or hot-country look +of the little greeny people's home.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 301px;"> +<a id="Fig_181"></a> +<img src="images/i_155a.png" width="301" height="188" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.181 - Draw curves like these +for the design.</div> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 305px;"> +<a id="Fig_182"></a> +<img src="images/i_155b.png" width="305" height="224" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.182 - The Green Pea design.</div> +</div> + +<p>Seven half pea-pods are used to make this plant, four +to stand up and three to lie down flat. Wrap and tie the +stem ends of the four half pods together with a bit of string. +Push a toothpick for a flower-stem through the middle +of the bunch. Cut away the stem of a pea-pod, then cut +off the calyx, or circle of little leaves, with the knob below +attached. This is to be the blossom of the strange plant. +Stick the flower on its toothpick stem, knob down, as you +see it in the picture.</p> + +<p>To make the plant stand firmly lay the three extra half +pods down flat with the stem ends one on top of the other +and the outer ends at equal distances apart, and force +the toothpick flower-stem through the pods where they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span> +cross. These three flat pods make a base which holds the +rest of the plant upright, while they look as if they were +a part of it.</p> + + +<h3>A Pretty Design of Green Peas</h3> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 262px;"> +<a id="Fig_183"></a> +<img src="images/i_156.png" width="262" height="279" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.183 - Do not open the pods wide.</div> +</div> +<p>This is not a toy, but you will like to make it just the +same, and afterward, perhaps, you will want to try another +design all by yourself. If you can draw at all, with +a soft pencil make some +curves on a piece of white +paper like <a href="#Fig_181">Fig. 181</a>, only +ever so much larger, then +a straight line up from the +centre. The distance +between the two largest +curves at their widest +part should be about eight +inches. If you cannot +draw these curves, ask +some older person to do +it for you.</p> + +<p>Lay your paper with +the pattern drawn on it flat on the table before you, shell +some peas and carefully place them on the pencil lines of +the curves. Begin with the largest peas at the centre of +the design and finish with the smallest at the ends of the +curves. <a href="#Fig_182">Fig. 182</a> shows how this is done. Put the first +pea on the curve at the place shown by the arrow in +<a href="#Fig_181">Fig. 181</a>.</p> + +<p>You won't be able to keep the peas in place unless you +stick them to the paper with paste. Hold the tube of paste +in your left hand, squeeze out a very little, take it off the +tube with one of the peas and push the pea, paste side +down, onto the paper where it belongs.</p> + +<p>When the peas are all placed on the curves open two<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span> +pea-pods as you did for the greenies' tent, slide one pod +between the two halves of the other, and with a little paste +on the stem ends and the tips, fasten them in the middle +above the curves of peas as they are shown in <a href="#Fig_182">Fig. 182</a>. +The two halves of each pod are not opened wide but are +like <a href="#Fig_183">Fig. 183</a>. Above the pods, on the straight, upright +line, place four more peas, beginning at the bottom with +a large pea and ending with one much smaller.</p> + +<p>The success of this design will depend upon making one +side just like the other and in keeping it equally balanced. +That is, one side must not sag down below the other and +the pods at the top must fit exactly on the line, half on +one side, half on the other.</p> + +<p>The peas, you see, do not touch each other, but are +separated by little spaces, and the spaces are all of the same +length.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER XXV<br /> +<small>CORN-HUSKS AND CORN-COBS</small></h2> + + +<h3>How to Make American History Seem Real—Our First +Thanksgiving</h3> + +<p><span class="smcap">Let</span> us play that we are really celebrating America's +first Thanksgiving!</p> + +<p>You can see one of our long, rude puncheon tables spread +out in the mild, sweet air of Indian summer, laden with +delectable dishes of clam chowder, oysters, fish, turkey, +duck, goose, venison pasties, turnips, dumplings of barley +flour, corn bread, wheat cakes, pumpkin pies, grapes, plums, +great flagons of cider, and "all manner of tasty eats."</p> + +<p>William Bradford, our good governor, with his old flintlock +in hand, is just returning from a successful hunt for +additional wild turkey. We shall need these, as ninety +friendly Indians are to be our guests for three days and +nights. Later they, too, will hunt and bring us wild deer.</p> + +<p>Elder Brewster, in his festive doublet and hose, has +stopped a moment to speak to Master Bradford. Sitting +at table, you can see Captain Miles Standish with arms +outstretched in glad welcome as he calls more Indians to +join the feast, while Massasoit, the mighty chief, stands +at the table signalling with his arrow for the braves to approach.</p> + +<p>Already Quadquina and Hobomok are at the festive +board, seated between Captain Miles Standish and John +Alden. Squanto, who tells the boys how to trap game and +teaches settlers how to plant corn, is resting on the ground +with his feather-bedecked shield in one hand, and the +calumet, or pipe of peace, in the other.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/i_159.jpg" width="600" height="420" alt="photograph" /> +<div class="caption">The First American Thanksgiving Dinner in the year 1621.</div> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span></p> + +<p>Now winsome Priscilla Alden comes, bearing on a pewter +platter one of her savory hot baked turkeys, and her friend, +Mary Chilton, is watching the delicious stew which simmers +in the big iron pot over the outdoor fire.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 480px;"> +<a id="Fig_184"></a> +<img src="images/i_160a.png" width="480" height="153" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.184 - Begin to make the pioneer in this way.</div> +</div> +<div class="figright" style="width: 184px;"> +<a id="Fig_185"></a> +<img src="images/i_160b.png" width="184" height="242" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.185 - Fold the husks +across the centre.</div> +</div> +<p>Mistress Brewster, on her way to cut pumpkin pie, must +needs stay her steps a moment to give ear to Governor +Bradford's remarks, and Desire Minter is hurrying forward, +ahead of the other young women, to serve the men at the +feast.</p> + +<p>All this would be told you by one of the little corn-husk +pioneers shown in the photograph if +only they could speak.</p> + + + +<p>At all events, they can stand alone. +They can be made to sit down, too, +and their arms can be bent in any +position. You may lift and place +them in various parts of the grounds +at pleasure. You might even imagine +them to be the real characters +they represent, and so live over again +that Thanksgiving of 1621.</p> + +<p>The making of these little people +is most interesting. Use the rather +soft between-layers of corn-husks; about two husks for +each pioneer. If the husks seem brittle, soak them in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span> +water and make them pliable. Lay one husk partially +over the top of the other (<a href="#Fig_184">Fig. 184</a>), bend them across +the centre (<a href="#Fig_185">Fig. 185</a>), and let the smoothest side be the +front of the doll. Fold each side of the front to the back +until the front somewhat resembles <a href="#Fig_186">Fig. 186</a>; then wind +slender, soft string around to form the neck and head of +the doll. Wind another soft string around lower down +for the belt-line (<a href="#Fig_187">Fig. 187</a>).</p> + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 159px;"> +<a id="Fig_186"></a> +<img src="images/i_161a.png" width="159" height="435" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.186 - The head and +neck are made.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 194px;"> +<a id="Fig_187"></a> +<img src="images/i_161b.png" width="194" height="412" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.187 - Wind the waist +with string.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 448px;"> +<a id="Fig_188"></a> +<img src="images/i_161c.png" width="448" height="52" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.188 - Arms for the pioneer.</div> +</div> + +<p>Make the arms of soft corn-husk (<a href="#Fig_188">Fig. 188</a>) by turning +the lengthwise edges of the husk inward again and again, +until the roll is of the desired size. Cut off the ends evenly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span> +and wind the arms with string at the centre and near each +end.</p> + +<p>Run the small blade of a penknife through the shoulders +of the doll from side to side. Turn the blade flat side uppermost +and allow it to remain in this position while you +slide in the arms and screw them through the opening, +pushing them along on top of the flat side of the blade. +When in place, withdraw the knife and your little woman +will be ready for her costume.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 405px;"> +<a id="Fig_189"></a> +<img src="images/i_162.png" width="405" height="434" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.189 - The pioneer is ready for his costume.</div> +</div> + +<p>To make the man, cut <a href="#Fig_187">Fig. 187</a> up from the bottom to +within a short distance of the belt, thus dividing the husk +skirts into two equal parts. Wind each half with string +at the top, middle, and near the end to form the legs (<a href="#Fig_189">Fig. +189</a>).</p> + +<p>Use black tissue-paper for the loose knee-trousers. Cut</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 401px;"> +<a id="Fig_190"></a> +<img src="images/i_163a.png" width="401" height="437" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.190 - First leg of the trousers.</div> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 410px;"><a id="Fig_191"></a> +<img src="images/i_163b.png" width="410" height="440" alt="drawing" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.191 - The trousers are pushed into shape +and coat is ready for its belt.</div> +</div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span> +two strips of the paper, fit one strip over a leg (<a href="#Fig_190">Fig. 190</a>), +push the paper up on the inside until it resembles <a href="#Fig_191">Fig. 191</a>, +then fasten in place with strong paste. Make the other +trouser leg in the same way +(<a href="#Fig_191">Fig. 191</a>).</p> + + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 261px;"> +<a id="Fig_192"></a> +<img src="images/i_164a.png" width="261" height="100" alt="drawing" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.192 - Pattern of pioneer's +collar.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 114px;"> +<a id="Fig_193"></a> +<img src="images/i_164b.png" width="114" height="106" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.193 - Make the hair of +paper fringe.</div> +</div> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 236px;"> +<a id="Fig_194"></a> +<img src="images/i_164c.png" width="236" height="239" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.194 - Crown of pioneer +hat.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 119px;"> +<a id="Fig_195"></a> +<img src="images/i_164d.png" width="119" height="149" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.195 - Glue the hat +crown on the man's +head.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + + + + +<div class="figright" style="width: 259px;"> +<a id="Fig_196"></a> +<img src="images/i_164e.png" width="259" height="256" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.196 - How to slash the +hat brim.</div> +</div> + +<p>Cut the coat from a folded +piece of dull-green tissue-paper, +and just at the neck +make a hole large enough for +the man's head to slip through +(<a href="#Fig_191">Fig. 191</a>). Paste the front +edges of the sleeves over the back edges and lay the front +edges of the coat over those of the back. Fit the coat in at +the belt-line with your fingers. Cut a black belt of tissue-paper, +fold it lengthwise, and belt in the fulness of the coat, +then paste the belt ends together. Be careful to make<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span> +the belt loose, for men's waists are large. Make the collar +(<a href="#Fig_192">Fig. 192</a>) of white paper and fasten it around the man's +neck with a drop of paste in front.</p> + +<p>From black, brown, or drab-yellow tissue-paper cut a +strip of fine fringe and paste it on the man's head for hair +(<a href="#Fig_193">Fig. 193</a>). Then +make his hat. To +do this, roll a small +square of stiff black +paper into a cornucopia +to fit the man's +head, paste the edges +together, and trim off +the corner which +hangs down at the +bottom (<a href="#Fig_194">Fig. 194</a>). +Glue the hat-crown +on the man's head, +cut off the sharp top +peak, and tilt the +crown back a little +(<a href="#Fig_195">Fig. 195</a>).</p> + +<p>Now cut a disk of +the black paper for +the hat-brim, slash it +across the centre into +four points (<a href="#Fig_196">Fig. 196</a>), +but only just far enough to make the opening fit over the +hat-crown. Slide the brim on the crown, allowing the +slashed central points to lie up against it, and fasten them +there with paste (<a href="#Fig_197">Fig. 197</a>). Glue the pioneer's feet into +holes cut part-way through a small piece of the corrugated +flat pasteboard used for packing purposes. In this +way the little man becomes independent and able to stand +alone (<a href="#Fig_197">Fig. 197</a>).</p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 363px;"> +<a id="Fig_197"></a> +<img src="images/i_165.png" width="363" height="499" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.197 - The pioneer is fully dressed and +wearing his hat.</div> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span></p> + +<p>The corn-husk women also wear tissue-paper clothes. +The waists are made in the same manner as the men's +coats, only shorter and confined at the belt-line with paste. +Straight dress skirts are slipped over the waists, and held +in place at the belt by winding string around the pinched-up +gathers. Long, severely plain white aprons, minus +strings, are pasted to the waist-line, and white-bordered +black caps and large white three-cornered neckerchiefs +complete the costume.</p> + +<p>The cap is a straight piece of black tissue-paper with a +narrow strip of white folded over the front edge. When +ready, the white-bordered black strip is laid over the head, +smoothly brought down on the sides, puckered together +at the back and tied around the neck with a string. You +have only to clip loose the outside layer of white close to +the string at the neck-line to give the flare to the cap's white +border.</p> + +<p>The crisp dress skirt forms sufficient support to enable +the little women to stand alone.</p> + +<p>With the exception of Squanto, whose manly chest, +back, and arms have no covering, the Indians wear suits +of tan tissue-paper made on the same principle as the white +men's costume, only the trouser-legs are narrow, long, and +have the seam cut in fringe and run up on the outside. The +bottom edge of the coat and the sleeve seams are also +fringed. The coat is not wide and no belt is worn.</p> + +<p>Pieces of colored tissue-paper adjusted blanket fashion +over the Indians, and fastened here and there with bits +of paste to hold them in place, form the Indian blankets.</p> + +<p>The Indians' hair is merely a strip of black tissue-paper +pasted over the top, back, and sides of the head with the +ends loosely twisted and allowed to hang down in front on +either side.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/i_167.jpg" width="600" height="350" alt="photograph" /> +<div class="caption">Governor Bradford, Priscilla, Chief Massasoit and Elder Brewster. Made of corn-husks.</div> +</div> + +<p>The war-bonnet is cut from a strip of white writing-paper, +the tips of the feathers are inked, and one end of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a><br /><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span> +the strip is then pasted around Massasoit's head, as shown +in the picture.</p> + +<p>It is best to make a number of corn-husk people at one +time. Put the two husks together for each pioneer and +Indian, then wind a string around the neck of each to form +the head (<a href="#Fig_186">Fig. 186</a>). Again tie a string around each at the +belt-line (<a href="#Fig_187">Fig. 187</a>). Continue making the people in this +way, step by step, until all are finished at the same time. +Have ready as many arms as you have people, and run the +arms through each, one after another.</p> + +<p>When bending the arms or legs of the little people do +it slowly and gently. If they are inclined to spring back, +tie them in position overnight and they will stay bent.</p> + +<p>When dressing the dolls, cut out all the men's collars +at one time. You can do this by cutting through as many +layers of paper as there are men. Adopt the same plan +with the other parts of clothing for the men, women, and +Indians, and your work will be rapid.</p> + +<p>With ink draw features on all. The women must have +ink hair, parted in the middle.</p> + +<p>Remember when making Miles Standish to cut his hair +of red paper, for he had auburn hair.</p> + +<p>The "sad" colors worn by the pioneers were really the +cheerful autumn hues, rich, dull reds, greens, browns, and +yellows. These will give you quite a variety of colors for +the costumes of both men and women.</p> + +<p>Make the puncheon table of a flat, narrow piece of wood. +With a gimlet bore holes through the board, slanting them +toward the centre, one hole near each corner. Any kind of +round sticks will do for the legs. Cut them all of the same +length and glue one in each hole.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/i_169.jpg" width="600" height="289" alt="photograph" /> +<div class="caption">Pioneer puncheon table spread for America's First Thanksgiving Dinner.</div> +</div> + +<p>The pewter dishes are made from one of the collapsible +lead tubes used for oil-paints and various other things. +Cut open the empty tube and smooth it out flat, then cut +out round pieces for plates, mould the plates over the tops<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a><br /><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span> +of wooden spools, and the flagons over a pen-handle or +other round stick. Make the flagon-handles of slender +strips of the tube bent into rings, and slip one end of the +strip over the edge of the flagon.</p> + +<p>A piece of yellow paper pasted over the cover of a very +small baking-powder can makes a pumpkin pie. The +turkey is merely pinched-up paper with brown tissue-paper +laid smoothly over the breast. Its wings and legs +are of bits of lighter-colored paper rolled and bent into +shape, then pasted on the turkey.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 560px;"> +<a id="Fig_198"></a> +<img src="images/i_170.png" width="560" height="96" alt="drawing" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.198 - Corn-cob log for pioneer log cabin with notches +cut and marked.</div> +</div> + +<p>Fresh, green, uncooked corn-cobs from which the corn +has been cut and scraped make delightful pioneer log-houses. +Cooked cobs are too hard to cut. Choose slender +cobs, long ones for the front and back of the house, shorter +ones for the sides. Cut a notch, or saw it, if the cobs are +dry and hard, on the tops of the ends of each of the two +foundation logs (<a href="#Fig_198">Fig. 198</a>). Cut a notch on both top and +bottom of each remaining log as indicated by the black +lines in <a href="#Fig_198">Fig. 198</a>.</p> + +<p>Always make a larger notch in the small end of the cob +than in the large end, so that the large end of another cob +may fit in it; for, when building, it is necessary to place +small ends and large ends together, and never two large +ends or two small ends, or the house will be unevenly balanced.</p> + +<p>Lay the two foundation cobs down parallel to each other +and a short distance apart; then bridge across the ends<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span> +with shorter cobs, fitting the notches into each other. Continue +building in this log-cabin fashion until the house is +of sufficient height.</p> + +<p>On the front of the house draw two straight lines down +across the cobs, one for each side of the doorway. Then +take your house apart and cut the doorway out from the +marked cobs. Rebuild the house, gluing layer upon layer. +Make the doorway jambs of straight pieces of corn-stalk, +and glue them on each side of the open doorway.</p> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 460px;"> +<img src="images/i_171.jpg" width="460" height="412" alt="photograph" /> +<div class="caption">Pioneer log cabin made of corn-cobs.</div> +</div> + +<p>Before the roof can be added, corn-cobs, graduated in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span> +length and without notches, must be laid at each end of +the house to support the roof and give it its gable ends. +These graduated cobs are the "trap-logs." They rest +upon long strips of corn-stalk, called "ribs," which are +placed across from one end of the house to the other. +Build the roof log-cabin fashion as you built the body of +the house, laying a rib between the ends of each layer of +graduated cobs, and as you build, fasten the parts together +with glue.</p> + +<p>Cut enough clapboards of corn-stalk to cover both sides +of the roof. Make them all of the same length and long +enough to reach from the top of the roof to a trifle beyond +its lower edge.</p> + +<p>The clapboards must be held down by means of "weight-poles" +laid across, and to keep the weight-poles from rolling +off use pegs called "knees."</p> + +<p>Make the knee-pegs of corn-stalk. Cut a hole near both +ends of four of the clapboards and glue in pegs, slanting +them upward. You will then have two pegged clapboards +for the front of the roof and two for the back. Place them +near the ends of the roof and glue all the clapboards in +place. Cut four slender lengths of corn-stalk for weight-poles, +and lay them across the roof, resting against the +knee-pegs. Glue them to the roof only where they buck +the knee-pegs. When finished, set the house aside until +the glue is entirely dry. It may then be moved.</p> + +<p>Corn-tassels standing in empty spools make fine trees.</p> + +<p>It is fitting that the story of our country's first Thanksgiving +should be retold this year by means of corn. You +remember, of course, that friendly Indians showed the +pioneers how to plant and cultivate corn, which, to them, +was a new grain. Later, when a wonderful harvest had +been gathered, our forefathers decided to set aside a day +to thank God for His goodness. That was the first Thanksgiving.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>PART VII<br /> +<small>FRUIT</small></h2> + + + +<hr class="chap" /> +<h2>CHAPTER XXVI<br /> +<small>THE FUNNY ORANGE HEAD</small></h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">You</span> will hardly believe it is only an ordinary, everyday +orange when you have made it into the head that I +am going to tell you about.</p> + +<p>Select a small, firm, perfect orange and with a pencil +mark features on it, first the eyes like <a href="#Fig_199">Fig. 199</a>. Carefully +cut out the little spaces of skin between the lines, +then mark the nose (<a href="#Fig_200">Fig. 200</a>); cut this and mark the mouth +(<a href="#Fig_201">Fig. 201</a>); cut this and at each side of the head draw the +ears like <a href="#Fig_202">Fig. 202</a>. You will see that the line of the ear +does not continue all the way around; that means that +you are simply to run your knife along the line, cutting +through the skin so that the ears may be lifted up and +peeled forward to stand out from the head; the front part +remains attached (<a href="#Fig_203">Fig. 203</a>).</p> + +<p>Make the neck of a slender, strong, round stick sharpened +to a point at one end. Push the point up into the +under part of the orange, where the neck should be, by +twisting the stick around as it goes in (<a href="#Fig_204">Fig. 204</a>).</p> + +<p>The orange is the head, but your hand and fingers are +to be the body and arms to go with it. Look at <a href="#Fig_204">Fig. 204</a>. +That will show you how to hold the stick firmly and at +the same time leave your first finger and thumb free to +use as arms.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span></p> + + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 245px;"> +<a id="Fig_199"></a> +<img src="images/i_174a.png" width="245" height="248" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.199 - Eyes marked on orange head.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 245px;"> +<a id="Fig_200"></a> +<img src="images/i_174b.png" width="245" height="261" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.200 - Eyes cut, nose marked.</div> +</div></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" colspan='2'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 245px;"> +<a id="Fig_202"></a> +<img src="images/i_174c.png" width="245" height="234" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.202 - Ear marked, ready to cut and +peel forward.</div> +</div></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 238px;"> +<a id="Fig_201"></a> +<img src="images/i_174d.png" width="238" height="254" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.201 - Nose cut, mouth marked.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 266px;"><a id="Fig_203"></a> +<img src="images/i_174e.png" width="266" height="267" alt="" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.203 - Mouth cut, ears cut and +peeled forward.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span></p> + +<p>Pin a handkerchief, or other soft cloth, around Mr. +Orange's neck, bring it around to cover your hand and +then pretend he is talking while you move his arms and +say as many funny things as you can think of. By moving +the stick while you hold it in your hand, you can make the +orange head turn in various ways (<a href="#Fig_205">Figs. 205</a> and <a href="#Fig_206">206</a>), and +a little paper hat fitted on it will make it still funnier (<a href="#Fig_207">Fig. +207</a>).</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 479px;"> +<a id="Fig_204"></a> +<img src="images/i_175.png" width="479" height="575" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.204 - Hold the orange this way.</div> +</div> + +<p>The orange need not always be a man. You can play +it is a little girl and make a cunning little wreath of flowers<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span> +for her small head; or pretend it is a baby and have it +wear a baby's cap made of paper. If you want to turn it +into a young lady, pierce the ears and fit in earrings made +of violets. You do this simply by threading the flower-stems +through the holes you have pierced, and drawing +the blossoms up close to them. Then, you can make believe +the orange is an old man and put a pipe in his mouth. +Make the pipe of an acorn with a twig for the stem. If +you want the baby to cry, squeeze the orange a little and +tears of orange-juice will roll from its eyes and stream +down its face. Little holes must first be punctured in the +eyes to let the tears run out.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 361px;"> +<a id="Fig_205"></a> +<img src="images/i_176.png" width="361" height="538" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.205 - "Now I'll tell you a funny story."</div> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>Things You Can Make of Orange-Skins</h3> + +<h4>A TOY JAPANESE STOOL</h4> + +<p>The soft, golden orange-skin, lined with silvery white, +is fine material for moulding and making into different +kinds of things to play with. Bring your orange and we +will begin by making a toy stool for your doll-house (<a href="#Fig_208">Fig. +208</a>). It will look very much like the real stools which +the Japanese make for real people to sit on, though nothing +is used for it but the orange-skin.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 346px;"> +<a id="Fig_206"></a> +<img src="images/i_177.png" width="346" height="551" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.206 - "Can't remember what I was +going to say."</div> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span></p> + +<p>First cut the orange across from side to side, making +two halves, and after you have taken out the pieces of +juicy fruit and enjoyed eating them, examine the two pretty +yellow orange-skin bowls that are left. See how soft and +pliable they are. Now take one of the bowls and pinch +the edges of two opposite +sides toward each other; +hold them steady while, +with your other hand, you +pinch the other two sides +toward each other. Hold +all four sides bent inward +for a moment, then let go +of them and the sides will +stay bent while you wind +string across, first one way +then the other, between the +curved stool legs you have +just made by bending +the sides of the bowl +inward.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 297px;"> +<a id="Fig_207"></a> +<img src="images/i_178a.png" width="297" height="512" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.207 - "What a joke."</div> +</div> + + + +<p>Set the stool away +to dry and stiffen into +shape; then, when it has become hard, take off the string +and you will have a little Japanese stool quite as strong +as if made of wood.</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 336px;"><a id="Fig_208"></a> +<img src="images/i_178b.png" width="336" height="262" alt="drawing" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.208 - Japanese stool made of half an +Orange peel.</div> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span></p> + + +<h4>A CANDY-BOX</h4> + +<p>A candy-box can be made in the same way of the other +half of the orange-skin, but you must curve the sides in +only a little for this; not nearly as much as for the stool. +Stand the candy-box, +with open part +up, ready to be +filled with candy.</p> + + +<h4>A BASKET</h4> + +<p>An orange-skin +basket is a substantial +little affair +when finished, and +will hold almost +anything you want +to put in it. It +looks like <a href="#Fig_209">Fig. 209</a>. +For this you will +again need half of +an orange-skin. +Bend in two opposite +sides after first +cutting a short slit in each side near the edge. Make +the handle of strong paper, cutting it like <a href="#Fig_210">Fig. 210</a>, with a +tongue at each end. Bend over the two side points of each +tongue, and slide one tongue through the slit in one side +of the basket, the other tongue through the slit in the +other side, then open out the points again and they will +make secure fastenings for the handle. You will see from +the illustration that the tongues are put through the basket +from the inside and show on the outside.</p> + +<p>Before setting away to dry, tie a string around the bent-in +sides of the basket, and stuff the open part with crushed +paper to keep it in shape.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 414px;"> +<a id="Fig_209"></a> +<img src="images/i_179a.png" width="414" height="321" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.209 - Half of Orange skin used for +a basket.</div> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 333px;"> +<a id="Fig_210"></a> +<img src="images/i_179b.png" width="333" height="56" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.210 - Make the handle of paper.</div> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span></p> + + +<h4>ORANGE-SKIN BOWLS</h4> + +<p>When you have another orange save the two halves of +the skin, pack each full of crumpled, clean, blank paper, +flatten the bottom of the bowls so that they will stand +firmly, then set them +away to dry.</p> + +<p>If you do all this +carefully the bowls will +harden in good shape +and you can use them +to eat and to drink +from.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 374px;"> +<a id="Fig_211"></a> +<img src="images/i_180.png" width="374" height="422" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.211 - A little summer house made of +half of an Orange skin.</div> +</div> + + +<h3>Other Things Made of +Orange-Skins</h3> + +<p>Cunning little toy +summer-houses may be +made from an orange-skin +in a moment's +time (<a href="#Fig_211">Fig. 211</a>). Take +half of an orange-skin +and stick the sharp +ends of four wooden +toothpicks into the +edge of its rim. Place the toothpicks upright, at equal +distances apart, and they will form the pillars to support +the golden, dome-shaped roof. Stand the little summer-house +on the table, and you will think it charming.</p> + +<p>By slicing an orange you can have a number of little, +yellow hoops for your dolls, made of the rind around each +slice. When the hoops are carefully dried in perfect circles, +you can roll them on top of a table or on the floor, and +play the dolls are having great fun racing with their orange-skin +hoops.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CHAPTER XXVII<br /> +<small>APPLES AND APPLE FUN</small></h2> + + +<p><span class="smcap">When</span> the apple-trees are in bloom, stand under one +and look up through the wonderful tent of flowers at the +little bits of blue sky peeping down at you between the +blossoms. Isn't it delightful to see so many, many apple-blossoms +all at once? How beautiful they are and how +sweet they smell!</p> + +<p>Now, pick one little blossom and examine it carefully. +Count the pretty pink-and-white petals. Five petals? +Yes. Look again, see how they grow from the centre and +notice their shape. Be very particular, so that you will +remember exactly how the blossom looks; make sure you +know, for I am going to tell you about the flower you can +find inside the big, ripe apple after all the other apple-blossoms +are gone.</p> + + +<h3>Apple-Blossom in Apple</h3> + +<p>Cut the apple into thin slices from side to side through +the core. Take one of the slices from near the middle of +the apple and hold it up to the light, so that the light will +shine through it, then look carefully and you will see in +the centre a perfect pattern of the apple-blossom you +gathered from the tree (<a href="#Fig_212">Fig. 212</a>). Apple-seeds form the +centre of the flower. The petals, five in number, are of +the flesh of the fruit. They are of the same shape and +size as the real blossom. Isn't it wonderful?</p> + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="drawings"> +<tr><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"> +<a id="Fig_212"></a> +<img src="images/i_182a.png" width="300" height="296" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.212 - Apple blossom inside of +the fruit.</div> +</div></td><td align="left"><div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"> +<a id="Fig_213"></a> +<img src="images/i_182b.png" width="300" height="299" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.213 - Design begun on apple slice.</div> +</div></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" colspan='2'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"> +<a id="Fig_214"></a> +<img src="images/i_182c.png" width="300" height="294" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.214 - Design pierced through apple +slice.</div> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + + + +<p>Now, take the seeds from their hard, glossy cases, again +hold the slice up to the light and lo, in the centre of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a><br /><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span> +slice, you will find a five-pointed star which twinkles as the +light shines through.</p> + +<p>You can add to this and make a pretty, shining pattern +in this way: Take a wooden toothpick, and with its pointed +end pierce little holes all along the edge of the flower +pattern; then make a loop of little holes above one of the +petals (Q, <a href="#Fig_213">Fig. 213</a>), and still another above that one +(R, <a href="#Fig_213">Fig. 213</a>). Pierce the edges of all the petals and make +the same kind of double loops above them also, then the +design will be like <a href="#Fig_214">Fig. 214</a>. Hold it up to the light, turn +it this way and that and your slice of apple will look as if +spangled with glittering diamonds. <a href="#Fig_215">Fig. 215</a> shows a wheel +design which you can make of another slice.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"> +<a id="Fig_215"></a> +<img src="images/i_183.png" width="300" height="300" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.215 - Another design on apple slice.</div> +</div> + + +<h3>Apple Candle in its Candlestick</h3> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 376px;"> +<a id="Fig_216"></a> +<img src="images/i_184a.png" width="376" height="339" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.216 - Apple candle ready for table.</div> +</div> + + + +<p>When I was a little girl I used to make apple candles +that stood up in their own candlesticks. I always ate the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span> +fresh, juicy slices as I cut them off. <a href="#Fig_216">Fig. 216</a> shows how +the candles look when finished. The stem is the wick, +and as it is usually dark at the end, it is a very good imitation +of a candlewick +that is partially +burnt. The +dotted lines on <a href="#Fig_217">Fig. +217</a> show how to +cut away the apple +to leave the candle +and its holder.</p> + + + +<p>First cut off a +slice at the blossom +end, so that +the candle-stick +will stand without tipping. +The dotted line +at the bottom of <a href="#Fig_217">Fig. +217</a> indicates where +this cut is to be made. +Then run your knife +around the apple without +cutting all the way +through to the core, +where you see the middle +dotted line on <a href="#Fig_217">Fig. +217</a>. After that, begin +at the sides and gradually +shave down the upper part little by little, being +careful not to cut below the slit you have made around +the apple. When the middle part standing up around the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span> +core is the size of a real candle it is time to stop cutting. +Because of the core inside you cannot make your candle +very slender, but you can +cut off the sharp edges +and make it round.</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 334px;"> +<a id="Fig_217"></a> +<img src="images/i_184b.png" width="334" height="348" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.217 - Cut away apple leaving candle +in candle-stick.</div> +</div> + +<h3>A Roasted Apple</h3> + +<p>Another thing I used to +love to do with my apple +when I was a little girl +was to tie a long string +to the stem and hang it +before an open fire to +roast. I think you will +enjoy it too.</p> + +<p>Tie one end of the +string securely to the +stem of your apple, and +don't break the stem off +in doing it (<a href="#Fig_218">Fig. 218</a>); +then tie the other end to +something heavy on the +mantel-shelf that will +hold it securely. The apple +should hang in front +of a grate of glowing +coals, or near the red-hot +coals of a wood-fire.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 298px;"> +<a id="Fig_218"></a> +<img src="images/i_185.png" width="298" height="646" alt="drawings" /> +<div class="caption">Fig.218 - Roast your apple this way.</div> +</div> +<p>As soon as cooking begins, twist the string and make +the apple spin round and round so that it may be roasted +evenly on all sides; it is fun to do that. When the juice +begins to run and drop from the apple, set a saucer under +to catch the hot, sweet syrup. It is good poured over the +apple when that is thoroughly cooked. Add sugar to the +juice while it is hot if it is not sweet enough.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>The Spice Apple</h3> + +<p>In New England, many years ago, there was always +to be found in every household at least one spice apple. +It sounds good to eat, doesn't it? But they were not made +for eating, they were used for sweet-smelling ornaments, +and for keeping away moths and other troublesome insects. +Perhaps you will like to make a spice apple to give +away; it will be a pretty and very sweet gift and will last +for years.</p> + +<p>Choose a small, perfectly sound apple and have ready +a lot of cloves. Stick the cloves into the apple as you would +stick pins into a cushion, only the cloves must be put in +very close together, touching each other and making the +apple look like a large, prickly, brown nut. That is all, +unless you want to hang the apple up. In that case run +a wooden toothpick through one raised side at the top, +across the little hollow where the stem grows, and out +through the raised side opposite, after first breaking off the +stem. Cross this toothpick with another pushed through +the apple and also bridging the hollow. This will make +a low handle in the form of a cross. At the middle, where +the toothpicks touch, tie a bright ribbon, leaving a loop +by which to hang it.</p> + + +<h3>Other Things to Make of an Apple</h3> + +<p>When an apple is cut across into round slices, you can +make a doll's table of the largest slice by using four wooden +toothpicks for legs, pushing them into the apple at equal +distances apart. Half of a slice, with halves of toothpicks +for legs, makes a very suitable seat for this remarkable +table.</p> + +<p>If you cut a thick flat slice from a small apple you can +make it into a top that will spin by pushing a toothpick<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span> +through the centre, leaving a long end on one side and a +shorter end on the other. The short end is the peg upon +which the top spins. Take the long, upper end of the +toothpick between your thumb and first finger, give it +a hard, quick twist and drop the top on a table having a +hard, smooth finish, where it will spin merrily. The little +fruit-top will not spin on a carpet or any rough, uneven +surface.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a><br /><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span></p> + + +<div class='bbox'> + +<div class='adtitle2'>THE BEARD BOOKS FOR GIRLS</div> + +<div class='adtitle1'>By LINA BEARD and ADELIA B. BEARD</div> +</div> +<div class='bbox'> +<div class='adtitle2'>Handicraft and Recreation<br /> +for Girls</div> + +<div class='center'> +<b>With over 700 illustrations by the Authors<br /> +8vo. $1.50 net</b><br /> +</div> + +<p>An elaborate book for girls, by Lina and Adelia Beard +whose former books on girls' sports have become classic, +which contains a mass of practical instruction on handicrafts +and recreations. So many and so various are the +things it tells how to do and make that it will give occupation +to any sort of girl in all seasons and all weathers.</p> + +<p>"The girl who gets this book will not lack for occupation and +pleasure."—<cite>Chicago Evening Post.</cite></p> + + +<div class='adtitle2'>What a Girl Can Make<br /> +and Do</div> + +<div class='adtitle4'>New Ideas for Work and Play</div> + +<div class='center'> +<b>With more than 300 illustrations by the Authors<br /> +Square 8vo. $1.50 net</b><br /> +</div> + +<p>This book is the result of the authors' earnest desire to encourage +in their young friends the wish to do things for +themselves. Its aim is to give suggestions that will help +them to satisfy this wish. Within its covers are described +a great variety of things useful, instructive, and entertaining, +suited for both indoors and out.</p> + + + +<p>"It would be a dull girl who could not make herself busy and +happy following its precepts."—<cite>Chicago Record-Herald.</cite></p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span></p> + + +<div class='adtitle2'>The<br /> +American Girl's Handy Book</div> + +<div class='adtitle4'>How to Amuse Yourself and Others</div> + +<div class='center'> +<b>With nearly 500 illustrations<br /> +$1.50 net</b><br /> +</div> + +<p>The authors tell everything that girls want to know about +sports, games, winter afternoon and evening amusements +and work, in a clear, simple, entertaining way.</p> + + +<div class='adtitle2'>Things Worth Doing and<br /> +How to Do Them</div> + +<div class='center'> +<b>With some 600 drawings by the Authors that show exactly<br /> +how they should be done<br /> +$1.50 net</b><br /> +</div> + +<p>This book comprises an infinite variety of amusing things +that are worth doing; for instance: "A Wonderful Circus +at Home," "How to Weave without a Loom," "How to +Make Friends with the Stars," "A Living Christmas +Tree," etc.</p> + + +<div class='adtitle2'> +Little Folks' Handy Book</div> + +<div class='center'> +<b>With many illustrations</b><br /> +<b>80 cents net</b><br /> +</div> + +<p>This book furnishes the means of gratifying the impulse +toward self-expression that, properly directed, is a great +factor in a child's development. It opens a large field of +simple handicrafts for little folk by showing how toys +can be made from such ordinary things as empty spools, +clothes-pins, old envelopes, etc.</p> +</div><div class='bbox'> +<div class='center'> +<b>CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS</b></div></div> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span></p> + + + +<div class='bbox'> +<div class='adtitle2'>THE BEARD BOOKS FOR BOYS</div> + +<div class='adtitle1'>By DAN C. BEARD</div> +</div> +<div class='bbox'> +<div class='adtitle2'>Shelters, Shacks, and Shanties</div> + +<div class='center'> +<b>Illustrated by the Author</b> <b>$1.25 net</b><br /> +</div> + +<p>He gives easily workable directions, accompanied by very +full illustration, for over fifty shelters, shacks, and shanties, +ranging from the most primitive shelter to a fully equipped +log cabin. Boys will find it an invaluable guide in constructing +temporary or permanent shelters in their hikes or encampments.</p> + + +<div class='adtitle2'>Boat-Building and Boating</div> + +<div class='adtitle4'>A Handy Book for Beginners</div> + +<div class='center'> +<b>Illustrated by the Author</b> <b>$1.00 net</b><br /> +</div> + +<p>The directions for making boats are practical and illustrated +by simple diagrams, and the work is full of new and suggestive +ideas for all kinds of craft.</p> + + +<div class='adtitle2'>The Boy Pioneers</div> + +<div class='adtitle4'>Sons of Daniel Boone</div> + +<div class='center'> +<b>Illustrated by the Author</b> <b>$1.50 net</b><br /> +</div> + +<p>"A book that is truly fine and will probably have a wider +influence on the lives of boys into whose hands it falls than +almost any other book that comes their way."—<cite>The Interior.</cite></p> + + +<div class='adtitle2'>The<br /> +Field and Forest Handy Book</div> + +<div class='adtitle4'>Or, New Ideas for Out of Doors</div> + +<div class='center'> +<b>Illustrated by the Author</b> <b>$1.50 net</b><br /> +</div> + +<p>"Instructions as to ways to build boats and fire-engines, +make aquariums, rafts and sleds, to camp in a back-yard, etc. +No better book of the kind exists."—<i>Chicago Record-Herald.</i></p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span></p> + + +<div class='adtitle2'>The Jack of All Trades</div> + +<div class='adtitle4'>Or, New Ideas for American Boys</div> + +<div class='center'> +<b>Illustrated by the Author</b> <b>$1.50 net</b><br /> +</div> + +<p>"Every boy who is handy with tools of any sort will enjoy this +book."—<cite>Youth's Companion.</cite></p> + +<p>"Full of new ideas for active boys who like to use tools and see interesting +things growing under their hands."—<cite>New York Tribune.</cite></p> + +<p>"A perfect treasure-house of things that delight the soul of a boy."—<cite>The Interior.</cite></p> + + +<div class='adtitle2'>The Outdoor Handy Book</div> + +<div class='adtitle4'>For Playground, Field and Forest</div> + +<div class='center'> +<b>Illustrated by the Author</b> <b>$1.50 net</b><br /> +</div> + +<p>"It tells how to play all sorts of games with marbles, how to make +and spin more kinds of tops than most boys ever heard of, how to +make the latest things in plain and fancy kites, where to dig bait and +how to fish, all about boats and sailing, and a host of other things +which can be done out of doors. The volume is profusely illustrated +and will be an unmixed delight to any boy."—<cite>New York Tribune.</cite></p> + + +<div class='adtitle2'>The<br /> +American Boys Handy Book</div> + +<div class='adtitle4'>Or, What To Do and How To Do It</div> + +<div class='center'> +<b>Illustrated by the Author</b> <b>$1.50 net</b><br /> +</div> + +<p>"It tells boys how to make all kinds of things—boats, traps, toys, +puzzles, aquariums, fishing tackle; how to tie knots, splice ropes, +make bird calls, sleds, blow guns, balloons; how to rear wild birds, +to train dogs, and do a thousand and one things that boys take delight +in. The book is illustrated in such a way that no mistake can +be made; and the boy who gets a copy of this book will consider +himself set up in business."—<cite>The Indianapolis Journal.</cite></p> +</div><div class='bbox'> +<div class='center'> +<b>CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS</b><br /> +</div></div> + + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<div class='tnote'><div class='center'><b>Transcriber's Notes: </b></div> + +<p>Obvious punctuation errors repaired.</p> + +<p>Page 109, caption Fig.124, "Burdock-burs" changed to "Burdock-burrs" +(house of Burdock-burrs)</p> + +<p>Page 111, caption Fig.132, "Burdock-burs" changed to "Burdock-burrs" +(by Burdock-burrs)</p> + +<p>Page 114, caption Fig.137, same as above (Burdock-burr target.)</p> + +<p>Page 114, caption Fig.138, "bur" changed to "burr" (Hold the burr)</p> + +<p>Page 143, caption Fig.177, "ig" changed to "Fig" (Fig.177)</p> + +<p>Page 164, caption Fig.203, "pealed" changed to "peeled" (peeled forward)</p> +</div> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 44440 ***</div> +</body> +</html> |