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diff --git a/44427-0.txt b/44427-0.txt index a3dcfd9..a1ef031 100644 --- a/44427-0.txt +++ b/44427-0.txt @@ -1,35 +1,4 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Atala, by François Auguste de Chateaubriand - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Atala - -Author: François Auguste de Chateaubriand - -Illustrator: Gustave Doré - -Release Date: December 14, 2013 [EBook #44427] -Last Updated: December 13, 2016 - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ATALA *** - - - - -Produced by David Widger - - - - - +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 44427 *** ATALA @@ -2657,358 +2626,4 @@ THE END. 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You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Atala - -Author: François Auguste de Chateaubriand - -Illustrator: Gustave Doré - -Release Date: December 14, 2013 [EBook #44427] -Last Updated: December 13, 2016 - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ATALA *** - - - - -Produced by David Widger - - - - - -</pre> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 44427 ***</div> <div style="height: 8em;"> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> @@ -3449,378 +3414,6 @@ THE END. <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> </div> - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg’s Atala, by François Auguste de Chateaubriand - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ATALA *** - -***** This file should be named 44427-h.htm or 44427-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/4/4/4/2/44427/ - -Produced by David Widger - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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-Atala, by François Auguste de Chateaubriand
-</title>
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Atala, by François Auguste de Chateaubriand
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
-almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
-re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
-with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
-
-
-Title: Atala
-
-Author: François Auguste de Chateaubriand
-
-Illustrator: Gustave Doré
-
-Release Date: December 14, 2013 [EBook #44427]
-Last Updated: December 13, 2016
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ATALA ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by David Widger
-
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-
-
-
-</pre>
-
-<div style="height: 8em;">
-<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
-</div>
-<h1>
-ATALA
-</h1>
-<h2>
-By François Auguste de Chateaubriand
-</h2>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<h2>
-Illustrated by GUSTAVE DORÉ
-</h2>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0001" id="linkimage-0001"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/005s.jpg" alt="005s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/005.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/005m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<p>
-<b>CONTENTS</b>
-</p>
-<p class="toc">
-<a href="#link2H_INTR"> INTRODUCTION. </a>
-</p>
-<p class="toc">
-<a href="#link2H_PROL"> PROLOGUE </a>
-</p>
-<p class="toc">
-<a href="#link2H_4_0003"> I. THE HUNTERS. </a>
-</p>
-<p class="toc">
-<a href="#link2H_4_0004"> II. THE LABORERS. </a>
-</p>
-<p class="toc">
-<a href="#link2H_4_0005"> III. THE DRAMA. </a>
-</p>
-<p class="toc">
-<a href="#link2H_EPIL"> EPILOGUE. </a>
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="link2H_INTR" id="link2H_INTR"> </a>
-</p>
-<div style="height: 4em;">
-<br /><br /><br /><br />
-</div>
-<h2>
-INTRODUCTION.
-</h2>
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">A</span>mong the illustrious names which adorn the annals of France, that of
-François Auguste de Chateaubriand, the author of “Atala,” “Les Martyrs,”
- “The Last of the Abencerages,” and many other brilliant and renowned
-works, occupies a proud pre-eminence. But his fame rests not merely upon
-his literary achievements. His services as a statesman and the record and
-example of his private life-even his sufferings and misfortunes-have
-served to enhance his reputation and endear his memory, both among his own
-countrymen, and among just, noble and patriotic minds in other lands. He
-was great both by his character and abilities; and, while his celebrity is
-undiminished by the lapse of time, his works are still read and will long
-continue to be read and admired, even through all changes in the manners
-and sentiments of mankind. Fashions and modes in literature and art, as in
-society, come and go; new institutions arise, demanding new methods and
-modifying cherished customs; and men’s thoughts enlarge and widen with
-improved conditions, as with the inevitable progress of the age. But the
-master mind ever asserts its power. He who has once truly stirred the
-human heart in its purest depths speaks not alone to his own generation,
-but appeals to all other hearts and belongs to all his race. His good
-gifts are the birthright of the world. The rank of Chateaubriand has been
-fixed by the united judgment of his associates and his successors; and
-since time has allayed the fierce passions which raged in France during
-his lifetime, his character is more and more deeply respected and admired.
-His sincerity of purpose and enlightened understanding, his grandeur and
-nobility of thought, his energy of action and loftiness of aim, preserve
-for him ever his exalted position, made brilliant by the fires of genius
-and perpetuated by the force of truth.
-</p>
-<p>
-Chateaubriand was born at St. Malo in September, 1768, and died in Paris,
-after an active and most eventful career, on the fourth of July, 1848. The
-earlier portion of his life was passed in the quiet of his home at
-Combourg. At the termination of his collegiate training at Dole and
-Rennes, he entered the army, in which he soon gained promotion. At about
-the age of nineteen he was presented at court, became acquainted with the
-fashionable world, and was received and welcomed into the choicest
-literary circles of Paris, where he gained the friendship of La Harpe,
-Fontanes, Malesherbes, and others among the distinguished savants of that
-period. It was a troubled and stormy epoch in France. The social and
-political forces which culminated in the great Revolution were beginning
-to be seriously felt, and faction, turbulence and anarchy were already
-rife in Paris when Chateaubriand left his native shores for America, moved
-by a desire to discover the northwest passage, but also with an attendant
-purpose, long cherished, of observing the mode of life and studying the
-characteristics of the aborigines, for the purpose of embodying in his
-writings the impressions thus gained of man in a primitive condition.
-</p>
-<p>
-From this period to the time of his death his life was a singular series
-of vicissitudes—at one time the brilliant and revered statesman, at
-another the voluntary abdicator of all his rights and honors; and even, at
-one bitter passage of his existence, living in an unwarmed London garret
-and obtaining a precarious livelihood by giving lessons in his native
-tongue and translating for the booksellers.
-</p>
-<p>
-The utter upheaval of affairs in France brought the greatest distress upon
-himself, his family and his immediate friends, and, with the sensitive
-heart of genius, the blows which had fallen so keenly doubtless engendered
-the melancholy cast with which his writings are sometimes tinged. His
-first work, an idyllic poem, showed little of the genius so finely
-developed in after years; but his finest literary productions—“The
-Martyrs,” “The Last of the Abencerages” and “The Genius of Christianity,”
- to which “Atala” and “René” properly belong—remain a splendid
-monument to his powers and exhibit his earnest desire to be numbered among
-the benefactors and enlighteners of mankind.
-</p>
-<p>
-The present work, “Atala,” is the gathered fruit of his previous studies
-amid the wilds of America. It abounds in sparkling description, romantic
-incident and sentiments tender and heroic. It is pervaded by purity of
-tone and elevation of thought, qualities the more commendable and marked
-because produced in an age proverbially lax and frivolous.
-</p>
-<p>
-The illustrations of M. Doré have given an additional value to this tale,
-so simple, so unsophisticated, yet blooming with all the wild luxuriance
-of nature. The artist has added his gifts to those of the poet; and those
-acquainted only with his ready and original powers as the delineator of
-farce and drollery, or of the exceptionally tragic and horrible, will find
-new cause for admiration in these quiet renderings of the primeval
-beauties of the American wild—its plains and forests, its still
-lagoons and roaring cataracts, its mountain slopes and deep defiles—all
-its aspects of rudest workmanship—and will welcome these efforts of
-his genius in the lovely realm of descriptive art, wedded as they are to
-the exquisite simplicity of this Indian romance. As in his other works,
-here may be noted the same surpassing fertility of resource, the same
-alertness of intellect and readiness and swiftness of touch; but there may
-also be found new proofs of his complete sympathy with all that is
-picturesque in forest beauty and his high intuitive perception of every
-possible phase of nature in her wildest caprice and most tender bloom.
-</p>
-<p>
-We append the following extracts from different prefaces to the author’s
-writings, as constituting what is explanatory of the story that follows:
-</p>
-<p>
-[From the Preface to the First Edition.]
-</p>
-<p>
-“I was still very young when I conceived the idea of composing an epic on
-‘The Man of Nature,’ to depict the manners of savages, by uniting them
-with some well-known event. After the discovery of America, I saw no
-subject more interesting, especially to Frenchmen, than the massacre of
-the Natchez colony in Louisiana, in 1727. All the Indian tribes
-conspiring, after two centuries of oppression, for the restoration of
-liberty to the New World, appeared to me to offer a subject almost as
-attractive as the conquest of Mexico. I put some fragments of the work to
-paper; but I soon found that I was weak in local coloring, and that, if I
-wished to produce a picture of real resemblance, it became necessary for
-me, in imitation of Homer’s example, to visit the tribes I was desirous of
-describing.
-</p>
-<p>
-“In 1789 I made M. de Malesherbes acquainted with my idea of going to
-America; but, wishing at the same time to give a useful object to my
-voyage, I formed the project of discovering the overland passage so long
-sought after, and concerning which even Captain Cook himself had left some
-doubts. I started, visited the American solitudes, and returned with plans
-for a second voyage, which was to last nine years. I proposed to traverse
-the entire continent of North America, afterwards to explore the coasts to
-the north of California, and to return by Hudson’s Bay, rounding the pole.
-M. de Malesherbes undertook to submit my plans to the Government, and it
-was then that he listened to the first fragments of the little work I now
-offer to the public. The Revolution put a stop to all my projects. Covered
-with the blood of my only brother, of my sister-in-law, and of the
-illustrious old man, their father; having seen my mother and another
-talented sister die in consequence of the treatment they had undergone in
-prison, I wandered forth to foreign lands, where the only friend I had
-preserved stabbed himself in my arms.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Of all my manuscripts upon America, I have only saved some fragments,
-‘Atala’ in particular, which was itself but an episode of ‘The Natchez.’
-‘Atala’ was written in the desert, beneath the huts of the savages. I do
-not know whether the public will like the story, which quits all beaten
-tracks, and represents a nature and manners altogether foreign to Europe.
-There is no adventure in ‘Atala.’ It is a sort of poem, half descriptive,
-half dramatic. It consists entirely in the portraiture of two lovers
-walking and talking together in the solitudes, and in the picture of the
-trials of love in the midst of the calm of the desert. I have endeavored
-to give to this work the most antique forms. It is divided into Prologue,
-Recital and Epilogue. The principal parts of the story have each a
-denomination, such as ‘The Hunters,’ ‘The Laborers,’ etc.; and it was thus
-that, in the early ages of Greece, the rhapsodists sang, under different
-titles, fragments of the ‘Iliad’ and ‘Odyssey.’”
- </p>
-<p>
-“The moralities I have been desirous of inculcating in ‘Atala’ are easily
-discoverable, and as they are summed up in the Epilogue, I need not speak
-of them here. I will merely say a word or two concerning Chactas, the
-lover of Atala.
-</p>
-<p>
-“He is a savage more than half civilized, since he knows not only the
-living, but also the dead languages of Europe. He can therefore express
-himself in a mixed style, suitable to the line upon which he stands,
-between society and nature. This circumstance has given me some
-advantages, by permitting Chactas to speak as a savage in the description
-of manners, and as a European in the dramatic portions of the narrative.
-Without that the work must have been abandoned. If I had always made use
-of the Indian style, ‘Atala’ would have been Hebrew for the reader.
-</p>
-<p>
-“As to the missionary, he is a simple priest, who speaks without blushing
-of the Cross, of the blood of his Divine Master, of the corrupted flesh,
-etc.; in one word, he is really a priest. I am aware that it is difficult
-to depict such a character without awakening ideas of ridicule in the
-minds of certain readers. Where I do not draw a tear, I may raise a smile;
-that must depend upon individual sentiment.”
- </p>
-<p>
-“I must say a last word as to ‘Atala.’ The subject is not entirely of my
-invention. It is certain that there was a savage at the galleys and at the
-court of Louis XIV.; it is certain that a French missionary accomplished
-the facts I have related; it is certain that I saw savages in the American
-forests carrying away the bones of their forefathers, and a young mother
-exposing the body of her child upon the branches of a tree. Some other
-circumstances narrated are also veritable, but as they are not of general
-interest, it is needless for me to speak of them.”
- </p>
-<p>
-[From the Preface to “Alain” and “René” published in 1805. ]
-</p>
-<p>
-“I have been stopped in the corrections neither by the consideration of
-the cost of the book, nor by that of the length of the work. A few years
-have sufficed to make me acquainted with the weak or defective portions of
-that episode. Obedient upon this point to the critics, even so far as to
-reproach myself with an excess of docility, I have proved to those who
-attacked me that I never remain voluntarily in error, and that, at all
-times and upon all subjects, I am ready to give way to lights superior to
-my own. ‘Atala’ has been reprinted eleven times—five times
-separately and six times in the ‘Genius of Christianity.’ If those eleven
-editions were compared, scarcely two would be found to be altogether
-alike.
-</p>
-<p>
-“The twelfth, which I now publish, has been revised with the greatest
-care. I have consulted the friends prompt to censure me; I have weighed
-each phrase, examined every word. The style, freed from certain epithets
-which embarrassed it, proceeds perhaps more naturally and with greater
-simplicity. I have introduced more order and logic into certain ideas, and
-I have effaced even the slightest inaccuracies of language. M. de la Harpe
-observed to me, on the subject of ‘Atala,’ ‘If you will shut yourself up
-with me only for a few hours, that time will suffice for wiping out the
-spots that cause your critics to cry out so loudly.’ I have passed four
-years in the revision of this episode; but it is now as I intend it to
-remain. It is at present the only ‘Atala’ I shall ever in future
-acknowledge.”
- </p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<p>
-“The new nature and the new manners I have described have also drawn upon
-me another ill-considered reproach. I have been taken for the inventor of
-certain extraordinary details, whereas I merely repeated circumstances
-well known to all travellers. Some notes added to the present edition of
-‘Atala’ would easily have justified this assertion; but if I had
-introduced them at every point where each reader might have looked for
-them, they would soon have exceeded the length of the work itself. I
-therefore gave up the idea of annotations.”
- </p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0002" id="linkimage-0002"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/010s.jpg" alt="010s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/010.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/010m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0003" id="linkimage-0003"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/011s.jpg" alt="011s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/011.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/011m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="link2H_PROL" id="link2H_PROL"> </a>
-</p>
-<div style="height: 4em;">
-<br /><br /><br /><br />
-</div>
-<h2>
-PROLOGUE
-</h2>
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">F</span>rance formerly possessed in North America a vast empire, extending from
-Labrador to the Floridas, and from the shores of the Atlantic to the most
-distant lakes of Upper Canada.
-</p>
-<p>
-Four great rivers, deriving their sources from the same mountains, divided
-these immense regions: the river St. Lawrence, which is lost to the east
-in the gulf of that name; the Western River, whose waters flow on to seas
-unknown; the river Bourbon, which runs from south to north into Hudson’s
-Bay; and the Mississippi, whose waters fall from north to south into the
-Gulf of Mexico.
-</p>
-<p>
-The last-named river, in its course of more than a thousand leagues,
-waters a delicious country, called by the inhabitants of the United States
-the New Eden, to which the French left the pretty appellation of
-Louisiana. A thousand other rivers, tributaries of the Mississippi—the
-Missouri, the Illinois, the Arkansas, the Wabache, the Tennessee—enrich
-it with their mud and fertilize it with their waters. When all these
-rivers have been swollen by the deluges of winter, uprooted trees, forming
-large portions of forests torn down by tempests, crowd about their
-sources. In a short time the mud cements the torn trees together, and they
-become enchained by creepers, which, taking root in every direction, bind
-and consolidate the débris. Carried away by the foaming waves, the rafts
-descend to the Mississippi, which, taking possession of them, hurries them
-down towards the Gulf of Mexico, throws them upon sandbanks, and so
-increases the number of its mouths. At intervals the swollen river raises
-its voice whilst passing over the resisting heaps, and spreads its
-overflowing waters around the colonnades of the forests, and the pyramids
-of the Indian tombs: and so the Mississippi is the Nile of these deserts.
-But grace is always united to splendor in the scenes of Nature: while the
-mid-stream bears away towards the sea the dead trunks of pine-trees and
-oaks, the lateral currents on either side convey along the shores floating
-islands of pistias and nenuphars, whose yellow roses stand out like little
-pavilions. Green serpents, blue herons, pink flamingoes, and baby
-crocodiles embark as passengers on these rafts of flowers; and the
-brilliant colony, unfolding to the wind its golden sails, glides along
-slumberingly till it arrives at some retired creek in the river.
-</p>
-<p>
-The two shores of the Mississippi present the most extraordinary picture.
-On the western border vast savannahs spread away farther than the eye can
-reach, and their waves of verdure, as they recede, appear to rise
-gradually into the azure sky, where they fade away. In these limitless
-meadows herds of three or four thousand wild buffaloes wander at random.
-Sometimes, cleaving the waters as it swims, a bison, laden with years,
-comes to repose among the high grass on an island of the Mississippi, its
-forehead ornamented with two crescents, and its ancient and slimy beard
-giving it the appearance of a god of the river throwing an eye of
-satisfaction upon the grandeur of its waters, and the wild abundance of
-its shores.
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0004" id="linkimage-0004"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/013s.jpg" alt="013s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/013.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/013m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-Such is the scene upon the western border; but it changes on the opposite
-side, which forms an admirable contrast with the other shore. Suspended
-along the course of the waters, grouped upon the rocks and upon the
-mountains, and dispersed in the valleys, trees of every form, of every
-color, and of every perfume, throng and grow together, stretching up into
-the air to heights that weary the eye to follow. Wild vines, bignonias,
-coloquintidas, intertwine each other at the feet of these trees, escalade
-their trunks, and creep along to the extremity of their branches,
-stretching from the maple to the tulip-tree, from the tulip-tree to the
-holly-hock, and thus forming thousands of grottoes, arches and porticoes.
-Often, in their wanderings from tree to tree, these creepers cross the arm
-of a river, over which they throw a bridge of flowers. Out of the midst of
-these masses, the magnolia, raising its motionless cone, surmounted by
-large white buds, commands all the forest, where it has no other rival
-than the palm-tree, which gently waves, close by, its fans of verdure.
-</p>
-<p>
-A multitude of animals, placed in these retreats by the hand of the
-Creator, spread about life and enchantment. From the extremities of the
-avenues may be seen bears, intoxicated with the grape, staggering upon the
-branches of the elm-trees; cariboos bathe in the lake; black-squirrels
-play among the thick foliage; mocking-birds, and Virginian pigeons not
-bigger than sparrows, fly down upon the turf, reddened with strawberries;
-green parrots with yellow heads, purple woodpeckers, cardinals red as
-fire, clamber up to the very tops of the cypress-trees; humming-birds
-sparkle upon the jessamine of the Floridas; and bird-catching serpents
-hiss while suspended to the domes of the woods, where they swing about
-like the creepers themselves.
-</p>
-<p>
-If all is silence and repose in the savannahs on the other side of the
-river, all here, on the contrary, is sound and motion; peckings against
-the trunks of the oaks, frictions of animals walking along as they nibble
-or crush between their teeth the stones of fruits, the roaring of the
-waves, plaintive cries, dull bellowings and mild cooings, fill these
-deserts with a tender yet wild harmony. But when a breeze happens to
-animate these solitudes, to swing these floating bodies, to confound these
-masses of white, blue, green, and pink, to mix all the colors and to
-combine all the murmurs, there issue such sounds from the depths of the
-forests, and such things pass before the eyes, that I should in vain
-endeavor to describe them to those who have never visited these primitive
-fields of Nature.
-</p>
-<p>
-After the discovery of the Mississippi by Father Marquette and the
-unfortunate La Salle, the first Frenchmen who established themselves at
-Biloxi and at New Orleans entered into an alliance with the Natchez, an
-Indian nation whose power was redoubtable in those countries. Quarrels and
-jealousies subsequently ensanguined the land of hospitality. Amongst these
-savages there was an old man named Chactas, * who, on account of his age,
-wisdom and knowledge of the affairs of life, was the patriarch and the
-beloved of the deserts. Like many other men, he had acquired virtue by
-calamity. Not only were the forests of the New World filled with his
-misfortunes, but he bore the tale of his calamities even to the shores of
-France. Kept at the galleys at Marseilles by a cruel act of injustice,
-restored to liberty, and presented to Louis XIV., he had conversed with
-the great men of that age, and had been present at the fêtes of
-Versailles, at the tragedies of Racine, and at the funeral orations of
-Bossuet: in one word, the savage had contemplated society at the moment of
-its greatest splendor.
-</p>
-<p>
-For several years Chactas, restored to the bosom of his country, had been
-in the enjoyment of repose. Nevertheless, Providence granted him even this
-favor dearly: the old man had become blind. A young girl used to accompany
-him on the hills of the Mississippi, just as Antigone formerly guided the
-steps of Odipus over the Cithæron, or as Malvina conducted Ossian over the
-rocks of Morven.
-</p>
-<p>
-In spite of the numerous acts of injustice to which Chactas had been
-subjected by the French, he was very partial to them. He ever remembered
-Fénélon, whose guest he had been, and desired an opportunity for rendering
-service to the fellow-countrymen of that virtuous man. A favorable
-occasion presented itself. In 1725 a Frenchman named René, driven thither
-by his passions and his misfortunes, arrived at Louisiana. He ascended the
-Mississippi as far as the territory of the Natchez, and asked to be
-accepted as a warrior of that nation. Chactas, having questioned him, and
-finding him not to be shaken in his resolution, adopted him as a son, and
-united him to an Indian girl called Céluta. Shortly after this marriage
-the savages prepared to go beaver-hunting.
-</p>
-<p>
-On account of the respect with which the Indian tribes regarded the old
-man, Chactas, although blind, was appointed by the council of the wise men
-to command the expedition. Prayers and fasts commenced, the jugglers
-interpreted the dreams, the manitous were consulted, sacrifices of tobacco
-were offered up, fillets of elk-tongues were burnt, the assistants
-examining whether they sputtered in the flames, in order to ascertain the
-will of the genii; and at length they started, after having partaken of
-the sacred dog. René was of the party.
-</p>
-<pre xml:space="preserve">
-* The harmonious voice.
-</pre>
-<p>
-With the assistance of the counter-currents, the pirogues reascended the
-Mississippi, and reached the bed of the Ohio. One moonlight night, while
-all the Natchez were asleep at the bottom of their pirogues, and the
-Indian fleet, under a crowd of beast-skin sails, was flying before a mild
-breeze, René, who had remained alone with Chactas, asked him to tell the
-story of his adventures. The old man consented to satisfy his curiosity,
-and began in these words:—
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0005" id="linkimage-0005"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/016s.jpg" alt="016s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/016.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/016m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0006" id="linkimage-0006"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/017s.jpg" alt="017s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/017.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/017m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0007" id="linkimage-0007"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/019s.jpg" alt="019s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/019.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/019m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="link2H_4_0003" id="link2H_4_0003"> </a>
-</p>
-<div style="height: 4em;">
-<br /><br /><br /><br />
-</div>
-<h2>
-I. THE HUNTERS.
-</h2>
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">T</span>he destiny which has brought us together, my dear son, is a singular
-one. I see in you the civilized man become savage: you see in me the wild
-man whom the Great Spirit (I know not from what motive) desired to
-civilize. Having each entered upon the career of life from opposite
-directions, you came to repose yourself at my place, and I have seated
-myself in yours; so that we must have acquired a totally different view of
-things. Which of the twain has gained or lost the more by this change of
-position? That is known to the genii, the least learned of whom possesses
-more wisdom than all mankind together.
-</p>
-<p>
-“At the next flower-moon * there will be seven times ten snows, and three
-snows more, since my mother brought me into the world on the banks of the
-Mississippi. The Spaniards had recently established themselves in the Bay
-of Pensacola, but no European yet inhabited Louisiana. I had scarcely
-witnessed seventeen falls of the leaves when I marched with my father, the
-warrior Outalissi, against the Muscogulges, a powerful nation in the
-Floridas. We united our forces with those of the Spaniards, our allies,
-and the combat took place upon one of the branches of the Mobile. Areskoui
-* and the manitous were not favorable to us. Our enemies triumphed: my
-father lost his life; I was twice wounded whilst defending him. O why did
-I not then go down into the land of souls! I should have avoided the
-misfortunes which were awaiting me on earth. The Spirits ordained
-otherwise. I was dragged along by the defeated crowd to Saint Augustine.
-</p>
-<pre xml:space="preserve">
-* The month of Way.
-</pre>
-<p>
-“In that city, but then recently built by the Spaniards, I ran the risk of
-being carried away to the mines of Mexico, when an old Castilian, named
-Lopez, touched by my youth and simplicity, offered me an asylum, and
-presented me to his sister, with whom he was living spouseless.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Both of them took to me in the tenderest manner. I was brought up with
-much care, and had all sorts of masters given to me. But after having
-passed thirty moons at Saint Augustine, I was afflicted with a disgust for
-the life of cities. I fell away visibly: sometimes I remained motionless
-for hours whilst contemplating the summits of distant forests; at other
-times I might be seen seated on the banks of a river, gazing sadly upon
-the flowing waters. I figured to myself the woods through which those
-waters had passed, and my soul was thus entirely given up to solitude.
-</p>
-<p>
-“No longer able to resist the desire of returning to the desert, I one
-morning presented myself to Lopez dressed in my savage attire, holding in
-one hand my bow and arrows, and in the other my European costume, which I
-returned to my generous protector, at whose feet I fell, shedding a
-torrent of tears, giving myself odious names, and accusing myself of
-ingratitude. ‘After all, O my father,’ said I to him, ‘you see it
-yourself; I must die if I do not resume the life of the Indian.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“Lopez, struck with astonishment, endeavored to change my determination.
-He spoke of the dangers I was about to encounter, by exposing myself to
-the possibility of falling into the hands of the Muscogulges. But
-perceiving at last that I was resolved to risk everything, he melted into
-tears, and, pressing me in his arms with affection, ‘Go,’ said he, ‘child
-of Nature; take back this independence of man, of which Lopez does not
-wish to deprive you. If I were myself younger, I would accompany you to
-the desert (where I also have sweet remembrances), and restore you to your
-mother’s arms. When you shall be once again in your forests, think
-sometimes of the old Spaniard who gave you hospitality, and remember, in
-order that you may be disposed to love your fellow-creatures, that your
-first experience of the human heart was altogether in its favor.’ Lopez
-finished by a prayer to the God of the Christians, whose religion I had
-refused to embrace, and we separated with much sadness.
-</p>
-<pre xml:space="preserve">
-* The god of war.
-</pre>
-<p>
-“It was not long before I was punished for my ingratitude. My inexperience
-caused me to lose myself in the wood, and I was taken by a party of
-Muscogulges and Seminoles, as Lopez had predicted. My dress, and the
-feathers ornamenting my head, caused me to be recognized as a Natchez.
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0008" id="linkimage-0008"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/021s.jpg" alt="021s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/021.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/021m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0009" id="linkimage-0009"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/023s.jpg" alt="023s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/023.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/023m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-I was enchained, but slightly, on account of my youth. Simaghan, the
-leader of the troop, desired to learn my name. I replied, ‘I am called
-Chactas, son of Outalissi, son of Miscou, who have taken more than a
-hundred scalps from the heroes of the Muscogulges.’ Simaghan then said,
-‘Chactas, son of Outalissi, son of Miscou, rejoice; thou shalt be burnt at
-the big village.’ I answered, ‘That is well,’ and began to chaunt the song
-of death.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Although a prisoner, I could not refrain, during the first few days, from
-admiring my enemies. The Muscogulge, and especially his ally, the
-Seminole, is full of gaiety, love and contentment. His walk is light, his
-mien calm and open. He speaks much, and with volubility. His language is
-harmonious and flowing. Even age does not deprive the sachems of this
-joyous simplicity: like the old birds of our forests, they mingle their
-ancient songs with the fresh notes of their young posterity.
-</p>
-<p>
-“The women who accompanied the troop displayed for my youth a tender pity
-and an amiable curiosity. They questioned me about my mother, concerning
-the earliest days of my life; and they wanted to know whether my cradle of
-moss had been hung upon the flowering branches of the maple-trees, and
-whether the breezes had rocked me near the nests of the little birds. Then
-came a thousand other questions as to the state of my heart. They asked me
-if I had seen a white fawn in my dreams, and whether the trees of the
-secret valley had advised me to love. I replied with simplicity to the
-mothers, to the daughters, and to the spouses of the men, saying, ‘You are
-the graces of the day, and the night loves you like dew. Man issues from
-your loins to hang upon your breast and upon your lips: you know the magic
-words that lull every pain. So was I told by her who brought me into the
-world, and who will never see me again! She told me also that maidens are
-mysterious flowers met with in solitary places.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“These praises gave much pleasure to the women, who overwhelmed me with
-all sorts of presents, and brought me cocoa-nut cream, maple-tree sugar,
-saganrite, * bear-hams, beaver-skins, shells with which to ornament
-myself, and moss for my couch. They sang and laughed with me, and then
-took to shedding tears at the thought that I was to be burnt.
-</p>
-<pre xml:space="preserve">
-* A description of cake made with Indian corn.
-</pre>
-<p>
-“One night, when the Muscogulges had pitched their camp on the outskirt of
-a forest, I was seated near the war-fire with the guard who had charge of
-me. All of a sudden, I heard the sound of a dress upon the grass, and a
-female, half-veiled, came and sat down by my side. Tears were rolling from
-beneath her eyelids, and I saw by the light of the fire that a small
-golden crucifix shone upon her bosom. She was altogether beautiful, and I
-remarked upon her countenance an expression of virtue and passion of
-irresistible attraction. To that she added the most tender graces: an
-extreme sensitiveness, united to a profound melancholy, breathed in her
-looks, and her smile was heavenly.
-</p>
-<p>
-“I took her to be the Virgin of the last Loves, the virgin sent to the
-prisoner of war to enchant his tomb. Under this impression, I said to her
-stammeringly, and with an emotion that did not, however, proceed from any
-feeling of fear of the funeral pile, ‘O virgin, you are worthy of a first
-love, and you are not made for the last. The palpitations of a heart that
-will soon cease to beat would ill respond to the movements of your own.
-How can death and life lie mingled together? You would cause me to regret
-too much the approach of day. Let another be happier than myself, and may
-long embraces unite the tender plant to the oak!’
-</p>
-<p>
-“The youthful maiden then said to me, ‘I am not the Virgin of the last
-Loves. Are you a Christian?’ I replied that I had not betrayed the genii
-of my cottage. At these words the Indian made an involuntary movement, and
-said, ‘I pity you for being merely a wicked idolator. My mother made me a
-Christian; my name is Atala, and I am the daughter of Simaghan of the
-Golden Bracelets, the chief of the warriors of this troop. We are going to
-Apalachucla, where you will be burnt.’ Having uttered these words, Atala
-rose and took her departure.”
- </p>
-<p>
-Here. Chactas was compelled to interrupt his story. A crowd of souvenirs
-rushed into his soul; his closed eyes inundated his furrowed cheeks with
-tears, just as two springs, hidden in the profound depths of the earth,
-reveal themselves by the waters they send filtering between the rocks.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Oh, my son,” said he, after a long pause, “you perceive that Chactas is
-not very wise, notwithstanding his reputation for wisdom. Alas! my dear
-child, although men can no longer see, they can still weep! Several days
-passed. Every evening the old man’s daughter came to converse with me.
-Sleep had fled from my eyes, and Atala was in my heart like the
-remembrance of the resting-place of my fathers.
-</p>
-<p>
-“On the seventeenth day of our march, about the time when the ephemeran
-rises from the waters, we entered upon the grand savannah of Alachua. The
-plain is surrounded with hills, which, receding behind one another, are
-covered, as they appear to touch the clouds, with ranges of forests of
-palm-trees, citron-trees, magnolias and oaks. The chief uttered the cry of
-arrival, and the troop encamped at the foot of a hill-side. I was left at
-some distance, on the border of one of those natural wells so famous in
-the Floridas, attached to the trunk of a tree, and guarded by a warrior
-who watched me with impatience. I had passed but some moments in this
-place when Atala appeared beneath the liquid ambers of the fountain.
-‘Hunter,’ said she to the Muscogulgan hero, ‘if you would like to chase
-the stag, I will guard the prisoner.’ The warrior jumped for joy at this
-offer of the chiefs daughter, and at once hurried from the top of the
-hill, and directed his steps towards the plain.
-</p>
-<p>
-“What a strange contradiction is the heart of man! I, who had so much
-desired to speak of things mysterious to her whom I already loved like the
-sun, suddenly became troubled and confused, and felt as though I should
-have preferred to be thrown amongst the crocodiles in the fountain to
-finding myself alone with Atala. The daughter of the desert was as much
-affected as her prisoner. We observed a profound silence; for the genii of
-love had deprived us of speech. After an interval, Atala, making an
-effort, spoke thus: ‘Warrior, you are held but slightly: you can easily
-escape.’ At these words courage returned to my tongue, and I replied, ‘But
-slightly held, O woman!’—— I could not complete my phrase.
-Atala hesitated some moments, and then said, ‘Fly!’ at the same time
-liberating me from the trunk of the tree. I seized the cord, and returned
-it to the hand of the foreign maiden, forcing her beautiful fingers to
-close themselves upon my chain. ‘Take it back! Take it back!’ I cried.
-‘You are mad!’ said Atala, in a voice full of emotion. ‘Wretched man, do
-you not know that you will be burnt? What do you mean? Do you reflect that
-I am the daughter of a redoubtable sachem?’ ‘There was a time,’ I replied,
-with tears, ‘when I also was carried about in a beaver-skin on the
-shoulders of a mother: my father also had a fine cottage, and his fawns
-drank of the waters of a thousand torrents; but I now wander without a
-country. When I shall have ceased to exist, no friend will place a little
-grass over my body, to keep the insects away from it. The corpse of an
-unhappy stranger interests no one.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“These words touched Atala. Her tears fell into the fountain. ‘Ah,’ I
-continued with vivacity, ‘if your heart spoke like mine! Is not the desert
-free? Do not the forests contain folds in which we could conceal
-ourselves? And, in order to be happy, are there so many things necessary
-for the children of the huts? O maiden, more beautiful than the first
-dream of a spouse! O my well-beloved, dare to follow me!’ Such was my
-language. Atala replied to me in a tender tone of voice, ‘My young friend,
-you have learnt the expressions of the white men; it is easy to deceive an
-Indian girl!’ ‘What!’ I exclaimed, ‘you call me your young friend. Ah, if
-a poor slave’—— ‘Well,’ said she, leaning upon me, ‘a poor
-slave’——
-</p>
-<p>
-I continued with ardor, ‘Let a kiss assure him of your faith!’ Atala
-listened to my prayers. As a fawn appears to cling to the flowers of the
-rosy creepers which it seizes with its delicate tongue on the
-mountain-steeps, so I remained attached to the lips of my well-beloved.
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0010" id="linkimage-0010"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/027s.jpg" alt="027s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/027.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/027m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-“Alas, my dear son, pain is in close attendance upon pleasure. Who could
-have thought that the moment in which Atala gave me the first token of her
-love should be precisely that in which she would destroy all my hopes?
-White hairs of old Chactas, what was your astonishment when the daughter
-of the sachem pronounced these words: ‘Beautiful prisoner, I have
-foolishly given way to your desire; but whither will this passion lead us?
-My religion separates me from you for ever——. Oh, my mother,
-what hast thou done?’—— Atala became suddenly silent, and kept
-back I know not what fatal secret about to escape from her lips. Her words
-plunged me into despair. ‘Well, then,’ I exclaimed, ‘I will be as cruel as
-you; I will not escape. You shall see me in the flame of fire; you shall
-hear the groans of my flesh, and you will be full of joy.’ Atala took my
-hands between both of hers. ‘Poor young idolator,’ she cried, ‘I really
-grieve for you! You wish me, then, to weep my whole heart out? What a pity
-I cannot fly with you! Unhappy was the bosom of thy mother, O Atala! Why
-dost thou not throw thyself to the crocodiles in the fountain?’
-</p>
-<p>
-“That very moment the crocodiles, at the approach of the setting of the
-sun, began to make their cries heard. Atala said to me, ‘Let us leave this
-place.’ I led away the daughter of Simaghan to the foot of the hills,
-which form gulfs of verdure by advancing their promontories into the
-savannahs. Everything in the desert was splendidly imposing. The stork was
-screaming upon its nest; the woods resounded with the monotonous song of
-the quails, the whistling of the paraquets, the lowing of the bisons and
-the neighing of the Siminolian cavalry.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Our promenade was almost a dumb one. I walked by the side of Atala, who
-was holding the end of the cord which I had forced her to take back again.
-Sometimes we shed tears, and sometimes we endeavored to smile. A look, now
-directed towards the sky and then towards the earth; an ear listening to
-the song of the birds; a gesture towards the setting sun; a hand tenderly
-pressed; a bosom by turns palpitating and tranquil: the names of Chactas
-and Atala softly repeated at intervals! Oh, first promenade of love, thy
-souvenir must be extremely powerful, since after so many years of
-misfortune it can still stir the heart of old Chactas!
-</p>
-<p>
-“How incomprehensible are mortals when agitated by the passions! I had
-just abandoned the generous-hearted Lopez; I had just exposed myself to
-every danger for the sake of liberty, and in one instant the look of a
-woman had changed my tastes, my resolutions, my thoughts! Forgetful of my
-country, my mother, my cabin, and the frightful death awaiting me, I had
-become indifferent to everything that was not Atala. Lacking strength to
-raise myself to the reason of a man, I had suddenly fallen into a sort of
-childishness, and, far from being able to do anything to extricate myself
-from threatening misfortunes, I almost required some one to provide me
-with the means of sleep and nourishment.
-</p>
-<p>
-“It was therefore in vain that Atala, after our ramble in the savannah,
-threw herself at my knees and again begged me to leave her. I declared
-that I would return alone to the camp, if she refused to re-attach me to
-the trunk of my tree. She was compelled to comply with my request, hoping
-to convince me another time.
-</p>
-<p>
-“The next day, which decided the fate of my life, we halted in a valley
-not far from Cuscowilla, the capital of the Seminoles. These Indians,
-together with the Muscogulges, form the confederation of the Creeks. The
-daughter of the land of palm-trees came to find me in the middle of the
-night. She conducted me to a great pine-forest, and renewed her entreaties
-to induce me to escape. Without replying to her, I took her hand in mine,
-and forced the thirsting fawn to wander with me into the forest. The night
-was delicious. The genius of the air appeared to be shaking the blue
-canopy, embalmed with the odor of the pines; and we breathed a slight
-perfume of amber emitted by the crocodiles asleep beneath the
-tamarind-trees by the river-side. The moon was shining in the midst of a
-spotless azure, and the pearl-grey light fell upon the undefined summit of
-the forests. Not a sound was to be heard, except I know not what distant
-harmony that reigned in the depth of the woods. It seemed as though the
-soul of solitude was sighing throughout the entire extent of the desert.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Through the trees we perceived a young man, who, holding a torch in his
-hand, looked like the genius of spring visiting the forests to reanimate
-Nature. He was a lover on his way to learn his fate at the cabin of his
-mistress.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Should the maiden blow out the torch, she accepts the offered vows; but
-if she veil herself without extinguishing it, she refuses the spouse.
-</p>
-<p>
-“The warrior, gliding through the shades, chanted these words in a low
-tone of voice:
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘I will outrun the steps of the daylight upon the mountain-tops to seek
-my lonely dove in the midst of the oaks of the forest.
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘I have fastened around her throat a necklace of porcelain, * with three
-red beads for my love, three violet ones for my fears, three blue ones for
-my hopes.
-</p>
-<pre xml:space="preserve">
-* A necklace of shells.
-</pre>
-<p>
-“‘Mila has the eyes of an ermine, and hair as light as a field of rice;
-her mouth is a pink shell lined with pearls; her two breasts are like two
-little spotless kids, born the same day of one mother.
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0011" id="linkimage-0011"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/031s.jpg" alt="031s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/031.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/031m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-“‘May Mila extinguish this torch! May her mouth cast a voluptuous shade
-over it! I will fertilize her bosom! The hope of the country shall hang
-from her fruitful breast, and I will smoke my calumet of peace by the
-cradle of my son.
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘Ah! let me outrun the steps of the daylight upon the mountain-tops to
-seek my lonely dove amidst the oaks of the forest!’
-</p>
-<p>
-“Thus sang this young man, whose accents agitated me to the bottom of my
-soul, and caused Atala to chance countenance. Our united hands trembled in
-each other. But we were diverted from this scene by another scene not less
-dangerous for us.
-</p>
-<p>
-“We passed near a child’s tomb, which served as a boundary between two
-nations. It had been placed on the border of the road, according to
-custom, in order that the young wives, when going to the fountain, might
-draw into their bosom the soul of the innocent creature, and restore it to
-the country. At this moment several newly-married spouses were there, and,
-desirous of the sweets of maternity, were endeavoring, by opening their
-lips, to receive the soul of the little child, which they fancied they saw
-wandering amongst the flowers. The veritable mother came afterwards, and
-deposited a bunch of corn and white lilies upon the tomb; she sprinkled
-the earth with her milk, sat down upon the damp turf, and spoke thus to
-her child in an impassioned voice:
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘Why do I weep for thee in thy earthly cradle, O my new-born? When the
-little bird has grown, it must seek its own nutriment, and finds many
-bitter seeds in the desert. At least thou hast been unconscious of tears;
-at least thy heart has not been exposed to the devouring breath of men.
-The bud that dries up in its envelope passes away with all its perfumes,
-like thou, O my son, with all thine innocence. Happy are those who die in
-the cradle! they have only known the kisses and smiles of a mother!’
-</p>
-<p>
-“Already subdued by our own hearts, we were overwhelmed by the images of
-love and maternity which seemed to pursue us in these enchanted solitudes.
-I carried Atala away in my arms to the extremity of the forest, where I
-told her things that I should in vain endeavor to repeat to-day with my
-lips. The southern wind, my dear son, loses its heat on passing over
-mountains of ice. The souvenirs of love in the heart of an old man are
-like the fires of day reflected by the peaceful orb of the moon when the
-sun has set, and silence spreads itself over the huts of the savages.
-</p>
-<p>
-“What could save Atala? what could prevent her from succumbing to Nature?
-Nothing, doubtless, but a miracle; and that miracle was accomplished. The
-daughter of Simaghan had recourse to the God of the Christians; she threw
-herself upon the ground, and uttered a fervent prayer, addressed to her
-mother and to the Queen of Virgins. It was from this moment, O René, that
-I entertained a wonderful idea of that religion which, in the forests, in
-the midst of all the privations of life, imparts a thousand boons to the
-unfortunate; of that religion which, opposing its power to the torrent of
-the passions, suffices alone to conquer them, when everything else is in
-their favor—the secrecy of the woods, the absence of men, and the
-fidelity of the shades. Ah, how divine to me appeared that simple savage,
-the ignorant Atala, who, on her knees before an old fallen pine-tree, as
-at the foot of an altar, was offering up a prayer to her God in favor of
-an idolatrous lover! Her eyes raised towards the star of the night, her
-cheeks, brilliant with tears of religion and of love, were of immortal
-beauty. Several times it appeared to me as though she were about to take
-her flight to heaven; several times I fancied I saw come down upon the
-rays of the moon, and heard amidst the trees, those genii whom the God of
-the Christians sends to the hermits of the rocks when He is about to call
-them back to Himself. I was afflicted by all this, for I feared that Atala
-had but little time to remain on earth.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Nevertheless, she shed such abundant tears, she appeared so unhappy, that
-I was perhaps upon the point of consenting to take my departure, when the
-cry of death resounded through the forest. Four armed men rushed upon me.
-We had been discovered; the war-chief had given orders for our pursuit.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Atala, who resembled a queen in the pride of her demeanor, disdained to
-speak to these warriors. She glanced nobly at them, and went forthwith to
-Simaghan.
-</p>
-<p>
-“She could obtain no concession. My guards were doubled, my chains
-increased, and my lover was kept away from me. Five nights passed, and
-then we perceived Apalachucla, situated on the banks of the river
-Chata-Uche. I was immediately crowned with flowers; my face was painted
-blue and red; beads were fastened to my nose and to my ears, and a
-chichikoué * was placed in my hand.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Thus prepared for the sacrifice, I entered Apalachucla amidst the
-reiterated shouts of the crowd. My fate was sealed; when all of a sudden
-the sound of a conch was heard, and the mico, or chief of the nation,
-ordered an assembly.
-</p>
-<p>
-“You know, my son, the torments to which savages subject their prisoners
-of war. Christian missionaries, at the risk of their lives, and with an
-indefatigable charity, had succeeded in inducing several nations to
-substitute a comparatively mild slavery to the horrors of the funeral
-pile. The Muscogulges had not yet adopted this custom, but a numerous
-party amongst them had declared themselves in favor of it. It was to
-decide upon this important matter that the mico had convoked the sachems,
-or wise men. I was conducted to the place of deliberation.
-</p>
-<p>
-“The pavilion of the council was situated upon an isolated mound not far
-from Apalachucla. Three circles of columns constituted the elegant
-architecture of this rotunda. The columns were of polished and carved
-cypress-wood, increasing in height and in thickness, and diminishing in
-number as they approached the centre, which was indicated by a single
-pillar. From the summit of this pillar depended strips of bark, which,
-passing over the tops of the other columns, covered the pavilion in the
-guise of an open fan.
-</p>
-<pre xml:space="preserve">
-* A musical instrument played by the savages.
-</pre>
-<p>
-“The council assembled. Fifty old men, in beaver cloaks, were ranged upon
-the steps facing the door of the pavilion. The grand chief was seated in
-their midst, holding in his hand the calumet of peace, half-colored for
-war. On the right of the old men were placed fifty women, dressed in robes
-of swan-feathers. The war-chiefs, with a tomahawk in the hand, a bunch of
-feathers on the head, and their arms and chests dyed with blood, occupied
-the left.
-</p>
-<p>
-“At the foot of the central column the fire of the council was burning.
-The first jungler, surrounded by eight guardians of the temple, dressed in
-long vestments, and wearing a stuffed owl upon their heads, poured some
-balm of copal upon the flames, and offered a sacrifice to the sun. The
-triple row of old men, matrons, and warriors—the priests, the clouds
-of incense, and the sacrifice—imparted to this council an aspect
-altogether imposing.
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0012" id="linkimage-0012"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/035s.jpg" alt="035s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/035.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/035m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-“I was standing chained in the midst of the assembly. When the sacrifice
-was finished, the mico spoke, and explained with simplicity the affair
-that had brought the council together. He threw a blue necklace upon the
-ground, as evidence of what he had just said.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Then a sachem of the tribe of the Eagle rose, and spoke thus:
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘My father the mico, sachems, matrons, warriors of the four tribes of the
-Eagle, the Beaver, the Serpent, and the Tortoise, let us change nothing in
-the manners of our forefathers: let us burn the prisoner, and let us not
-allow our courage to be weakened. It is a custom of the white men that is
-now proposed to you; it cannot be other than pernicious. Give a red collar
-which contains my words. I have spoken.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“And he threw a red collar into the midst of the assembly.
-</p>
-<p>
-“A matron then rose, and said:
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘My father Eagle, you have the cleverness of a fox and the prudent
-slowness of a tortoise. I will polish the chain of friendship with you,
-and we will plant together the tree of peace. But let us change the
-customs of our forefathers when they are of a terrible character. Let us
-have slaves to cultivate our fields, and let us no longer hear the cries
-of the prisoners, which trouble the bosoms of the mothers. I have spoken.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“As the waves of the ocean are broken up by a storm; as in autumn the
-dried leaves are carried away in a whirlwind; as the reeds of the
-Mississippi bend and rise again during a sudden inundation; as a great
-herd of deer bellow in the depths of a forest, so was the council agitated
-and murmuring. Sachems, warriors, and matrons spoke by turns, or all
-together. Interests clashed, opinions were divided, and the council was
-about to be dissolved; but at length the ancient custom prevailed, and I
-was condemned to the pile.
-</p>
-<p>
-“A circumstance caused my punishment to be delayed: the Feast of the Dead,
-or the Festival of Souls, was approaching, and it is the custom not to put
-any captive to death during the days consecrated to that ceremony. I was
-handed over to a strict guard, and doubtless the sachems had sent away the
-daughter of Simaghan, as I saw her no longer.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Meanwhile, the tribes for more than three hundred leagues around came in
-crowds to celebrate the Festival of Souls. A long hut had been constructed
-upon an isolated situation. On the day indicated, each cabin exhumed the
-remains of its fathers from their private tombs, and the skeletons were
-hung upon the walls of the Common-room of the Ancestors in order and by
-families. The winds (a tempest had burst forth), the forests, and the
-cataracts roared from without, while the old men of the different nations
-were engaged in concluding treaties of peace between the tribes over the
-bones of their fathers.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Funeral amusements were indulged in, running, ball, and a game with small
-bones. Two maidens tried to snatch from each other a willow-twig. Their
-hands fluttered about the twig, which each in her turn held above her
-head. Their beautiful naked feet intertwined, their mouths met, their
-sweet breaths became confounded; they stooped, and their hairs were mixed
-together; then they looked at their mothers, and blushed in the midst of
-applause. * The jungler invoked Michabou, the genius of the waters, and
-related the wars of the great Hare against Machimanitou, the god of evil.
-He spoke of the first man, and of Athaënsic, the first woman, being hurled
-from heaven for having lost their innocence; of the earth having been
-reddened with a brother’s blood; of the immolation of Tahouistsarou by the
-impious Jouskeka; of the deluge commanded by the voice of the Great
-Spirit; of Massou, the only one saved in his bark vessel; and of the crow
-sent out to discover the land. He spoke, moreover, of the beautiful Endaë,
-recalled from the land of souls by the sweet songs of her spouse.
-</p>
-<p>
-“After these games and hymns, preparations were made for giving the
-ancestors an eternal sepulture.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Upon the borders of the river Chata-Uche there was a wild fig-tree, which
-the worship of the people had consecrated. The Indian maidens were in the
-habit of washing their bark-dresses at this place, and exposing them to
-the breath of the desert upon the branches of the ancient tree. It was
-there that an immense tomb had been dug.
-</p>
-<p>
-“While leaving the funeral chamber, the hymn of death was sung. Each
-family carried some sacred remains. On arriving at the tomb, the relics
-were lowered down into it, and spread out in layers, separated by the
-skins of bears and beavers; the mound of the tomb was then raised, and the
-tree of tears and of sleep planted upon it.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Let us pity men, my dear son! Those very Indians whose customs are so
-touching, those very women who had displayed such a tender interest in my
-behalf, now called out loudly for my execution; and entire tribes delayed
-their departure, in order to have the pleasure of seeing a young man
-undergo the most horrible sufferings.
-</p>
-<p>
-“In a valley to the north, at some distance from the grand village, was a
-wood of cypresses and deals, called the Wood of Blood. It was reached by
-the ruins of one of those monuments of which the origin is ignored, and
-which were the work of a people now unknown. I was led thither in triumph.
-Preparations were being made for my death. The pole of Areskoui was
-planted; pine, elm, and cypress-trees fell beneath the axe; the funeral
-pile was rising, and spectators were constructing amphitheatres with the
-branches and trunks of trees. Each one was occupied in inventing a
-torture. Some proposed to tear the skin off my head, others to burn my
-eyes out with red-hot axes. I began to sing the song of death:
-</p>
-<pre xml:space="preserve">
-* Blushing is a marked characteristic with young savages.
-</pre>
-<p>
-“‘I do not fear torture: I am brave, O Muscognlges! I defy you; I despise
-you more than women. My father, Outalissi, son of Miscou, drank out of the
-skulls of your most famous warriors; you will not draw a sigh from my
-breast.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“Provoked by my song, a warrior pierced my arm with an arrow. I merely
-said, ‘Brother, I thank thee.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“In spite of the activity of the executioners, the preparations for my
-execution could not be completed before the setting of the sun. A jungler
-was consulted, and he forbade the genii of the shades to be troubled, so
-that my death was postponed till the following day. But, in their
-impatience to enjoy the spectacle, and in order to be ready sooner on the
-break of day, the Indians did not quit the Wood of Blood. They lighted
-large fires, and began a series of festivities and dances.
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0013" id="linkimage-0013"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/039s.jpg" alt="039s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/039.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/039m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-“Meanwhile, I had been laid down upon my back. Cords from my neck, from my
-feet, and from my arms, were attached to stakes fixed in the ground.
-Warriors were seated upon these cords, and I could not make the slightest
-movement without their knowledge. The night advanced; the songs and dances
-gradually ceased; the fires emitted but a ruddy light, in front of which I
-could see the shadows of some of the savages pass. At last they all fell
-asleep; but as the noise of men became pacified, that of the desert seemed
-to increase, and to the tumult of voices succeeded the howlings of the
-winds in the forest.
-</p>
-<p>
-“It was the hour when a young Indian recently become a mother awakes with
-a start in the middle of the night, fancying she has heard the cry of her
-first-born babe desirous of her sweet nutriment. With my eyes gazing up to
-heaven, where the crescent moon was wandering in the clouds, I was
-reflecting upon my destiny. Atala appeared to me to be a monster of
-ingratitude thus to abandon me at the moment of punishment—I, who
-had given myself up to the flames rather than leave her! And yet I felt
-that I still loved her, and that I should die with joy for Atala.
-</p>
-<p>
-“In extreme pleasures there is a sting that excites one as though to
-counsel us to profit by the rapidly passing moment: in great grief, on the
-contrary, there is something heavy that induces drowsiness; the eyes
-fatigued with tears naturally seek to close, and the goodness of
-Providence may be thus remarked even in our misfortunes. I gave way, in
-spite of myself, to that heavy sleep which sometimes overcomes the
-wretched. I dreamt that my chains were being taken off; I thought I felt
-the satisfaction experienced when, after having been tightly pressed, a
-helping hand relieves us of our irons.
-</p>
-<p>
-“This sensation was so vivid that it caused me to raise my eyelids. By the
-light of the moon, a ray of which was escaping between two clouds, I saw a
-tall white figure leaning over me, and silently occupied in loosening my
-bonds. I was about to utter a cry, when a hand, which I instantly
-recognized, closed my mouth. A single cord remained, but it appeared
-impossible to cut it without touching a warrior who covered it entirely
-with his body. Atala placed her hand upon it. The warrior, half-awakened,
-bestirred himself, and sat up. Atala remained motionless, and looked at
-him. The Indian thought he was looking at the Spirit of the ruins; and he
-lay down again, closing his eyes and invoking his manitou. The bond was
-broken. I arose and followed my deliverer, who tendered to me the end of a
-bow of which she held the other extremity. But with what dangers were we
-surrounded! At times we were on the point of stumbling over the sleeping
-savages; then a guard questioned us, and Atala replied in an assumed
-voice. Children were crying, and dogs barking. Scarcely had we got clear
-of the fatal enclosure, when terrible howlings resounded through the
-forest. The camp was aroused. A thousand fires were lighted, and savages
-were running about in all directions with torches. We hurried away with
-precipitation.
-</p>
-<p>
-“When day broke upon the Apalaches, we were already far away. Great was my
-felicity on finding myself again in solitude with Atala—with Atala
-my deliverer, with Atala who was giving herself to me for ever! Words
-failed my tongue. I fell on my knees, and said to the daughter of
-Simaghan: ‘Men are but little; but when the genii visit them, they are
-nothing at all. You are a genius; you have visited me, and I cannot speak
-before you.’ Atala offered me her hand with a smile: ‘I am obliged to
-follow you,’ she said, ‘since you will not fly without me. During the
-night I seduced the jungler with presents, I intoxicated your executioners
-with essence of fire, * and I risked my life for you, because you had
-given yours for me. Yes, young idolator!’ she added, with an accent that
-alarmed me, ‘the sacrifice will be reciprocal.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“Atala gave me the weapons she had had the precaution to bring, and then
-she dressed my wound. Whilst wiping it with a papaya-leaf, she wetted it
-with her tears. ‘It is a balm,’ I said to her, ‘that you are dropping on
-my arm.’ ‘I am rather afraid that it may be a poison,’ she replied. She
-tore one of the coverings from her bosom, with which she made a first
-bandage that she fastened with a tress of lier hair.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Intoxication, which lasts a long time upon savages, and is for them a
-species of malady, prevented them from pursuing us during the first few
-days. If they sought for us afterwards, it was probably in a westerly
-direction, as they must have thought we should make for the Mississippi;
-but we had taken our flight towards the fixed star, ** guiding ourselves
-by the moss on the trunks of the trees.
-</p>
-<pre xml:space="preserve">
-* Brandy.
-
-** The north.
-</pre>
-<p>
-“We were not long in perceiving that we had gained but little by my
-deliverance. The desert now unrolled before us its immeasurable solitudes.
-Without experience in forest life, having lost our way, and walking on at
-hazard, what was to become of us? Often, while gazing upon Atala, I
-remembered the ancient story of Agar, that Lopez had given me to read, and
-which happened in the desert of Beersheba a long time ago, when men lived
-to three times the age of the oak.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Atala made me a cloak out of some ash-bark, and she also embroidered me a
-pair of musk rat skin moccasins with porcupine’s hair. In my turn, I did
-all in my power to ornament her attire. First of all, I placed upon her
-head a crown of those blue mallows that crowded beneath our feet in the
-abandoned Indian cemeteries; then I made her necklaces of red
-azalea-berries; and after all I smiled in the contemplation of her
-wonderful beauty.
-</p>
-<p>
-“When we encountered a river, we crossed it either on a raft or by
-swimming. Atala placed one of her hands upon my shoulder, and thus, like a
-pair of migratory swans, we traversed the solitary waves.
-</p>
-<p>
-“During the great heat of the day we often sought shelter beneath the moss
-of the cedars. Nearly all the Floridan trees, especially the cedar and the
-oak, are covered with a white moss, which descends from their branches
-down to the very ground. At night-time, by moonlight, should you happen to
-see, in the open savannah, an isolated holm dressed in such drapery, you
-would imagine it to be a phantom dragging after it a number of long veils.
-The scene is not less picturesque by day, when a crowd of butterflies,
-brilliant insects, colibris, green paroquets, and blue jackdaws entangle
-themselves amongst the moss, and thus produce the effect of a piece of
-white woollen tapestry embroidered by some clever European workman with
-beautiful birds and sparkling insects.
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0014" id="linkimage-0014"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/043s.jpg" alt="043s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/043.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/043m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0015" id="linkimage-0015"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/045s.jpg" alt="045s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/045.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/045m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-“It was in the shade of such smiling quarters, prepared by the Great
-Spirit, that we stopped to repose ourselves. When the winds come down from
-heaven to rock the great cedar, when the aerial castles built upon its
-brandies undulate with the birds and the travellers sleeping beneath its
-shelter, when thousands of sighs pass through the corridors of the waving
-edifice, there is nothing amongst the wonders of the ancient world to be
-compared with this monument of the desert.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Every evening we lighted a large fire and built a travelling hut of bark
-raised upon four stakes. When I had killed a wild turkey, a pigeon, or a
-wood-pheasant, we attached it to the end of a pole before a pile of
-burning oak, and left the care of turning the hunter’s prey to the
-caprices of the wind. We used to eat a kind of moss called rock-tripe,
-sweetened bark, and May-apples, that tasted of the peach and the
-raspberry. The black-walnut-tree, the maple-tree, and the sumach furnished
-our table with wine. Sometimes I went and fetched from amongst the reeds a
-plant whose flower, in the form of an elongated cup, contained a glass of
-the purest dew. We blessed Heaven for having placed this limpid spring
-upon the stalk of a flower, in the midst of the corrupted marshes, just as
-it has placed hope at the bottom of hearts ulcerated by grief; just also
-as it has caused virtue to well up from the bosom of the miseries of life!
-</p>
-<p>
-“I soon discovered, alas! that I had deceived myself as to the apparent
-calm of my beloved Atala. The farther we advanced the sadder she became.
-She frequently shuddered without a cause, and turned her head aside
-hurriedly. I sometimes caught her regarding me with a passionate look,
-which she at once cast towards the sky with a profound melancholy. What
-alarmed me above all was a secret thought concealed in the bottom of her
-soul, but which I read in her eyes. Constantly drawing me towards her and
-then pushing me away, re-animating my hopes, and then destroying them when
-I thought I had made some progress in her heart, I found myself still at
-the same point. How many times she said to me, ‘O my young sweetheart! I
-love you like the shade of the woods at mid-day!’ You are as beautiful as
-the desert with all its flowers and all its breezes. If I incline towards
-you, I tremble: when my hand falls upon yours, it seems to me as though I
-were about to die. The other day the wind blew your hair upon my face as
-you were reposing yourself upon my bosom, and I fancied I felt the light
-touch of the invisible spirits. Yes, I have seen the young kids of the
-mountain of Occona; I have listened to the language of men ripe with
-years; but the mildness of goats and the wisdom of old men are less
-agreeable and less powerful than your words. Ah, my poor Chactas! I shall
-never be your spouse!’
-</p>
-<p>
-“The constant struggle between Atala’s love and religion, her tender
-freedom and the chastity of her conduct, the pride of her character and
-her profound sensitiveness, the elevation of her soul in great things, her
-susceptibility about trifles, rendered her, in my opinion, an
-incomprehensible being. Atala could not hold a weak empire over a man.
-Full of passion, she was full of power. She must either be adored or
-hated.
-</p>
-<p>
-“After fifteen nights of hurried march, we entered upon the chain of the
-Alleghany mountains, and reached one of the branches of the Tennessee, a
-river that falls into the Ohio. Aided by the advice of Atala, I built a
-boat, which I coated with plum-tree gum, after having re-sewn the bark
-with roots of the fir. I subsequently embarked therein with Atala, and we
-abandoned ourselves to the current of the river.
-</p>
-<p>
-“The Indian village of Sticoë, with its pyramidal tombs and ruined huts,
-appeared on our left at the turn of a promontory; on the right we left the
-valley of Keow, terminated by the perspective of the cabins of Jore, which
-seemed to be suspended from the forehead of the mountain of the same name.
-The river which carried us along flowed between high cliffs, at the
-extremity of which we perceived the setting sun. The profound solitudes
-were not disturbed by the presence of men. We only saw one Indian hunter,
-who, leaning motionless upon his bow, on the peak of a rock, looked like a
-statue raised upon the mountain to the genius of those deserts.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Atala and myself added our silence to the silence of this scene. All of a
-sudden, the daughter of exile filled the air by thus singing, in a voice
-replete with melancholy emotion, of her absent country:
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘Happy are they who have not seen the smoke of foreign festivals, and who
-have never been seated elsewhere than at the rejoicings of their fathers!
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘If the blue jackdaw of the Mississippi were to say to the nonpareil of
-the Floridas, “Why dost thou complain so sadly? Hast thou not here
-beautiful waters and lovely shades, and all sorts of pastures, as in thine
-own forests?”
- </p>
-<p>
-“Yes,” would reply the fugitive nonpareil; “but my nest is in the
-jessamine; who will bring it to me? And the sun of my savannah, where is
-it?”
- </p>
-<p>
-“‘Happy are they who have not seen the smoke of foreign festivals, and who
-have never been seated elsewhere than at the rejoicings of their fathers!
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘After hours of painful wayfare, the traveller sits down in sadness. He
-sees around him the roofs of men’s habitations, but has no place wherein
-to repose his head. The traveller knocks at a cabin, places his bow behind
-the door, and asks for hospitality. The master makes a gesture of the
-hand; the traveller takes back his bow, and returns to the desert.
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘Happy are they who have not seen the smoke of foreign festivals, and who
-have never been seated elsewhere than at the rejoicings of their fathers!
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘Wondrous stories told around the hearth, tender effusions of the heart,
-long habits of loving so necessary to life, you have filled the days of
-those who have not quitted their natal place! Their tombs are in the land
-of their birth, with the setting sun, the tears of their friends and the
-charms of religion.
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘Happy are they who have not seen the smoke of foreign festivals, and who
-have never been seated elsewhere than at the rejoicings of their fathers!’
-</p>
-<p>
-“Thus sang Atala. Nothing interrupted the course of her lamentations,
-except the almost imperceptible sound of our boat upon the waves. In two
-or three places only were they taken up by a weak echo, which repeated
-them to a second, and the second to a third, faintly and more faintly
-still. It seemed as though the souls of two lovers, formerly unfortunate
-like ourselves, and attracted by the touching melody, were enjoying the
-pleasure of sighing forth the dying sounds of its music in the mountain.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Nevertheless, the solitude, the constant presence of the beloved object,
-even our misfortunes, increased our affection from one instant to another.
-Atala prayed continuously to her mother, whose irritated shade she seemed
-as though wishing to appease. She sometimes asked me if I did not hear a
-plaintive voice, and see flames issuing out of the earth. As for myself,
-exhausted with fatigue, but still burning with desire, and thinking that I
-was perhaps irretrievably lost in the midst of those forests, I was a
-hundred times upon the point of drawing my spouse to my arms, and a
-hundred times did I urge Atala to allow me to build a hut upon the river
-side, so that we might bury ourselves therein together. But she always
-resisted my propositions. ‘Remember, my young friend,’ she would say,
-‘that a warrior owes himself to his country. What is a woman compared to
-the duties you have to fulfil? Take courage, son of Outalissi; do not
-murmur against your destiny. The heart of man is like a river-sponge, that
-imbibes pure water during calm weather, and is swollen with muddy liquid
-when the sky has troubled the waves. Has the sponge the right to say, “I
-thought there would never be any storms, and that the sun would never be
-scorching?”’
-</p>
-<p>
-“O René, if you fear the trials of the heart, be upon your guard against
-solitude. The great passions are solitary, and to transport them to the
-desert is to restore them to their triumph. Overcome with cares and fears;
-exposed to the danger of falling into the hands of Indian enemies, to be
-swallowed up by the waters, stung by serpents, devoured by beasts; finding
-the poorest nourishment with difficulty, and not knowing whither to direct
-our steps, it seemed impossible for our misfortunes to be greater, when an
-accident brought them to a climax.
-</p>
-<p>
-“It was the twenty-seventh sun since our departure from the cabins. The
-moon of fire had commenced her course, and everything announced a storm.
-Towards the hour when the Indian matrons hang up the plough-handle to the
-branches of the sabin-tree, and when the paroquets retire into the hollows
-of the cypress, the sky began to be overcast. The voices of the solitude
-died away, the desert became silent, and the forests were reposing in the
-midst of a universal calm. Shortly after, the rollings of a distant
-thunder, prolonged through the woods as old as the world, re-issued from
-them with sublime sounds. Fearful of being submerged, we hastened to reach
-the bank of the river, and withdrew into a forest.
-</p>
-<pre xml:space="preserve">
-* The month of July.
-</pre>
-<p>
-“The ground in this place was marshy. We advanced with difficulty under a
-vault of smilax, amidst vines, indigo-plants, bean-trees, and creeping ivy
-that entangled our feet like nets. The spongy soil trembled around us, and
-at each instant we were on the point of sinking into the quagmires.
-Insects without number, and enormous bats, blinded us; bell-serpents were
-hissing in every direction, and wolves, bears, carcajous, and young
-tigers, come to hide themselves in these retreats, made them resound with
-their roarings.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Meanwhile, the darkness increased. The lowering clouds were entering
-beneath the leafy covering of the woods. Suddenly the sky was rent, and
-the lightning traced a rapid zig-zag of fire. A violent wind from the west
-rolled clouds upon clouds; the forests bent; the sky opened time after
-time, and from between the interstices other skies and ardent scenes might
-be perceived. What a frightful, what a magnificent spectacle! The
-lightning set fire to the forest; the conflagration extended like a
-head-dress of flame; columns of sparks and of smoke besieged the clouds,
-which were vomiting their flashes into the vast burning mass. Then the
-Great Spirit covered the mountain with heavy darkness; and from the midst
-of this chaos there arose a confused moaning, formed by the rushing of the
-winds, the cracking of trees, the howling of wild beasts, the buzzing of
-the inflamed vegetation, and the repeated fall of thunderbolts hissing as
-they died out in the waters.
-</p>
-<p>
-“The Great Spirit knows that at this moment I saw and thought of nothing
-but Atala. I managed to guard her against the torrents of rain by placing
-her beneath the inclining trunk of a birch-tree, under which I sat down,
-holding my well-beloved upon my knees, and warming her naked feet between
-my hands; and thus I found myself happier than the young spouse who feels
-her future offspring quiver in her bosom for the first time.
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0016" id="linkimage-0016"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/051s.jpg" alt="051s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/051.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/051m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-“We were listening to the sound of the tempest, when all of a sudden I
-felt one of Atala’s tears fall upon my breast. ‘Storm of the heart,’ I
-cried to myself, ‘is it a drop of your rain?’ Then embracing her I loved,
-I said, ‘Atala, you are concealing something from me. Open your heart to
-me, O beauty! It does one so much good when a friend looks into one’s
-soul. Tell me this secret of grief which you persist in hiding from me.
-Ah! I see you are weeping for your country.’ She immediately retorted,
-‘Child of men, why should I weep for my country, since my father came not
-from the land of palms?’—‘What!’ I replied, with profound
-astonishment, ‘your father was not from the land of palms! What was he
-then who brought you upon this earth? Reply!’ Atala answered in these
-words:
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘Before my mother brought to the warrior Simaghan, as a marriage portion,
-thirty mares, twenty buffaloes, a hundred measures of nut-oil, fifty
-beaver-skins, and a quantity of other riches, she had known a man of white
-flesh. Now the mother of my mother threw water in her face, and forced her
-to marry the magnanimous Simaghan, who was like unto a king, and honored
-by the people as a genius. But my mother said to her new spouse, “My bosom
-has conceived; kill me.” Simaghan replied to her, “May the Great Spirit
-preserve me from such an action! I will not mutilate you. I will neither
-cut off your nose nor your ears, because you have been sincere and have
-not betrayed my couch. The fruit of your bosom shall be my fruit, and I
-will not visit you till after the departure of the bird of the
-rice-fields, when the thirteenth moon shall have shone.” About that time I
-issued from my mother’s bosom, and I began to grow, proud as a Spaniard
-and as a savage. My mother made me a Christian, so that her God and the
-God of my father might also be my God. Afterwards love-sickness fell upon
-her, and she went down into the little pit furnished with skins, from
-which no one ever comes out.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“Such was Atala’s story. ‘And who was your father, then, poor orphan?’ I
-said to her; ‘how was he called by men upon earth, and what name did he
-bear among the genii?’—‘I never washed my father’s feet,’ said
-Atala: ‘I only know that he lived with his sister at Saint Augustine, and
-that he ever remained faithful to my mother. Philip was his name amongst
-the angels, and men called him Lopez.”
- </p>
-<p>
-“At these words I uttered a cry which re-echoed throughout the solitude;
-the soumis of my transports mingled with those of the storm. Pressing
-Atala to my heart, I exclaimed with sobs, ‘O my sister! O daughter of
-Lopez! daughter of my benefactor!’ Atala, alarmed, sought to ascertain the
-cause of my agitation; but when she learnt that Lopez was the generous
-host who had adopted me at Saint Augustine, and whom I had quitted in
-order to be free, she was herself stricken with joy and confusion.
-</p>
-<p>
-“This fraternal friendship which came upon us and joined its love to our
-love, was too much for our hearts. Already had I intoxicated myself with
-her breath, already had I drunk all the magic of love upon her lips. With
-my eyes raised towards heaven, amidst the flash of the lightnings, I held
-my spouse in my arms in the presence of the Eternal. Splendid pomp, worthy
-of our misfortunes and of the grandeur of our loves; superb forests, that
-shook your creeping plants and your leafy domes as though they were to be
-the curtains and the canopy of our couch; overflowing river, roaring
-mountains, frightful and sublime Nature, were you then but a combination
-prepared to deceive us, and could you not for one moment conceal a man’s
-felicity amidst your mysterious horrors?
-</p>
-<p>
-“Suddenly a vivid flash, followed by a clap of thunder, ran through the
-thickness of the shades, filled the forest with sulphur and light, and
-rent a tree close by us. We fled. O surprise! In the silence which
-followed, we heard the sound of a bell. Both speechless, we listened to
-the sound, so strange in a desert. At the same instant a dog barked in the
-distance. It approached, redoubled its cries, came up to us, and howled
-with joy at our feet. An old hermit, carrying a small lantern, was
-following the animal through the darkness of the forest. ‘Heaven be
-praised!’ he cried, as soon as he perceived us; ‘I have been looking for
-you a long time! Our dog smelt you as soon as the storm commenced, and has
-guided me hither. Poor children, how young you are, and how you must have
-suffered! Come; I have brought a bear-skin. It shall be for this young
-woman, and there is some wine in our gourd. Let God be praised in all His
-works! His mercy is great and His goodness is infinite!’
-</p>
-<p>
-“Atala threw herself at the feet of the monk. ‘Chief of prayer,’ said she
-to him, ‘I am a Christian. Heaven has sent you to save me!’ ‘My daughter,’
-said the hermit, raising her up, ‘we usually ring the mission-bell during
-the night and during tempests, to call strangers; and, in imitation of the
-example of our brethren of the Alps and of the Liban, we have taught our
-dog to discover lost travellers.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“I scarcely understood the hermit. This charity appeared to me so much
-above man that I thought I was dreaming. By the light of the little
-lantern the monk was holding in his hand I saw that his beard and hair
-were saturated with water; his feet, his hands, and his face were
-bleeding: from their encounters with the brambles. ‘Old man!’ I at length
-cried, ‘what sort of heart have you, that you did not fear being struck by
-the lightning?’ ‘Fear!’ retorted the father, with a certain ardor, ‘fear
-when men are in danger and I can be useful to them! I should in that case
-be an unworthy servant of Jesus Christ!’ ‘But do you know,’ I interrupted,
-‘that I am not a Christian?’ ‘Young man,’ replied the hermit, ‘did I ask
-you your religion? Jesus Christ did not say, “My blood shall wash this one
-or that one.” He died for the Jew and for the Gentile, and He only
-considered all the races of men as brothers in misfortune. What I am now
-doing for you is but little, and you would find elsewhere plenty of other
-help; but the glory of it should not fall upon the priests. What are we
-poor hermits, if not the coarse instruments of a celestial work? And what
-soldier would be cowardly enough to retreat when his Chief, with the cross
-in His hand and His forehead covered with thorns, marches before him to
-the assistance of suffering humanity?’
-</p>
-<p>
-“These words went to my heart; tears of admiration and tenderness fell
-from my eyes. ‘My dear children,’ said the missionary, ‘I govern in these
-forests a little flock of your wild brethren. My grotto is not far from
-here, in the mountain. Come and warm yourselves under my roof. You will
-not find the conveniences of life there, but you shall have shelter, and
-you should thank the Divine goodness even for that, for there are many men
-who are without it.’
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0017" id="linkimage-0017"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/054s.jpg" alt="054s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/054.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/054m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0018" id="linkimage-0018"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/055s.jpg" alt="055s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/055.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/055m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0019" id="linkimage-0019"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/057s.jpg" alt="057s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/057.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/057m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="link2H_4_0004" id="link2H_4_0004"> </a>
-</p>
-<div style="height: 4em;">
-<br /><br /><br /><br />
-</div>
-<h2>
-II. THE LABORERS.
-</h2>
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">T</span>here are some righteous people whose conscience is so tranquil that one
-cannot approach them without participating in the peace emitted, so to
-say, by their heart and by their language. As the hermit went on speaking,
-I felt the passions calm down in my bosom, and even the storm of heaven
-appeared to recede at his voice. The clouds were soon sufficiently
-dispersed to permit us to quit our retreat. We issued from the forest, and
-commenced climbing a high mountain. The dog walked by our side, carrying
-the extinguished lantern at the end of a stick.
-</p>
-<p>
-I held Atala by the hand, and we followed the missionary. He frequently
-turned round to look at us, and seemed to pity our youth and our
-misfortunes. A book was hanging from his neck, and he leant upon a white
-staff. His figure was tall, his face pale and thin, and his countenance
-simple and sincere. His features showed that he had seen bad days, and the
-deep wrinkles in his forehead were the noble scars of passions overcome by
-virtue and by the love of God and of man. When he spoke to us standing and
-motionless, his long beard, his eyes modestly cast downwards, the
-affectionate tone of his voice, everything about him was calm and sublime.
-Whoever, like myself, has seen Father Aubry with his breviary and staff,
-on his lonely way in the desert, preserves a veritable idea of the
-Christian traveller upon earth.
-</p>
-<p>
-“After half an hour’s dangerous march through the paths of the mountain,
-we arrived at the missionary’s grotto. We entered it over an accumulation
-of wet ivy and wild plants, washed down from the rocks by the rain. There
-was nothing in the place beyond a mat of papaya-leaves, a gourd for
-drawing up water, a few wooden vessels, a spade, a harmless serpent, and,
-upon a block of stone that served as a table, a crucifix and the Book of
-the Christians.
-</p>
-<p>
-“The man of ancient days was not long in lighting a fire with some dried
-leaves. He then crushed some Indian corn between two stones, and having
-made a cake with it, placed it beneath the ashes to bake. When the cake
-had come to a fine golden color, he served it to us hot, with nut-cream,
-in a maple bowl. The evening having restored calm, the servant of the
-Great Spirit proposed that we should go and sit at the entrance to the
-grotto, which commanded an immense view. The remains of the storm had been
-carried in disorder towards the east; the fires of the conflagration
-caused in the forests by the lightning were still shining in the distance;
-at the foot of the mountain an entire pine-wood had been thrown down into
-the mud, and the river was charged pell-mell with molten clay, trunks of
-trees, and the bodies of dead animals and of dead fishes, floating upon
-the still agitated surface of the waters.
-</p>
-<p>
-“It was in the midst of this scene that Atala related our history to the
-old genius of the mountain. His heart appeared to be touched, and tears
-fell upon his beard. ‘My child,’ he said to Atala, ‘you must offer your
-sufferings to God, for whose glory you have already done so many things.
-He will give you rest. Look at those smoking forests, those receding
-torrents, those scattered clouds: do you imagine that He who can calm such
-a tempest cannot appease the troubles of the heart of man? If you have no
-better retreat, my dear daughter, I offer you a place amongst the flock I
-have had the happiness of calling to Jesus Christ. I will instruct
-Chactas, and I will give him to you as a husband when he shall have proved
-himself worthy to be your spouse.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“At these words I fell at the hermit’s knees, shedding tears of joy; but
-Atala became as pale as death. The old man raised me with benignity, and I
-then perceived that both his hands were mutilated. Atala at once
-comprehended his misfortunes. ‘The barbarians!’ she exclaimed.
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘My daughter,’ replied the hermit, with a pleasant smile, ‘what is that
-in comparison with the sufferings of my Divine Master? If the Indian
-idolators have tortured me, they are poor, blind creatures, whom God will
-enlighten some day. I love them all the more for the injury they have done
-me. I could not remain in my country, to which I had gone back, and where
-an illustrious queen did me the honor to look upon these poor marks of my
-apostolate. And what more glorious reward could I receive for my labors
-than that of obtaining, from the head of our religion, the permission to
-celebrate the Divine sacrifice with these mutilated hands? It only
-remained for me, after such an honor, to try and render myself worthy of
-it; so I returned to the; new world to pass the rest of my lift: in the
-service of my God. I have dwelt in these solitudes nearly thirty years,
-and it will be twenty-two to-morrow since I took possession of this rock.
-When I came to the place, I encountered but a few wandering families,
-whose manners were ferocious and whose life was miserable. I have induced
-them to listen to the word of Peace, and their manners have become
-gradually softened. They now live together at the foot of this mountain.
-Whilst teaching them the way of salvation, I endeavored to instruct them
-in the primary arts of life, but without carrying them too far, and
-constantly keeping the honest people within the bounds of that simplicity
-which constitutes happiness. Fearing to trouble them by my presence, I
-retired to this grotto, where they come to consult me. It is here that far
-from man, I admire God in the grandeur of the solitude, and prepare myself
-for the death which the length of my years announces to me as
-approaching.’
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0020" id="linkimage-0020"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/059s.jpg" alt="059s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/059.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/059m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-“On finishing this discourse, the hermit fell upon his knees, and we
-imitated his example. He began in a loud voice a prayer to which Atala
-responded. Some dull flashes of lightning still opened the sky in the
-east, and upon the western clouds three suns seemed to be shining at the
-same time.
-</p>
-<p>
-“We re-entered the grotto, where the hermit stretched out a bed of
-cypress-moss for Atala. Profound language was depicted in the eyes and
-movements of the maiden. She looked at Father Aubry as though she wished
-to reveal a secret to him; but something appeared to deter her from so
-doing—either my presence, or a sort of shame, or perhaps the
-uselessness of the avowal. I heard her get up in the middle of the night.
-She went to look for the hermit; but, as he had given up his couch to
-Atala, he had gone to contemplate the beauty of the heavens, and to pray
-to God on the top of the mountain. He told me the next day that such was
-his custom, even during winter, as he loved to see the forests wave their
-stripped summits, the clouds fly through the air, and to hear the winds
-and the torrents roar in the solitude. My sister was therefore obliged to
-return to her couch, where she immediately fell asleep. Alas! full of
-hope, I thought Atala’s weakness was nothing more than a passing sign of
-weariness.
-</p>
-<p>
-“The following morning I was awakened by the songs of the cardinals and
-the mockingbirds, nestled in the acacias and laurels that surrounded the
-grotto. I went forth and gathered a magnolia rose, and placed it, wet with
-the tears of the morning, upon the head of my sleeping Atala. I hoped,
-according to the religion of my country, that the soul of some child dead
-at the breast might have descended upon this flower in a dew-drop, and
-that a happy dream might convey it to the bosom of my future spouse. I
-afterwards sought my host. I found him, his gown turned up into his two
-pockets, and a chaplet in his hand, waiting for me, seated upon the trunk
-of a pine-tree that had fallen from old age. He proposed that we should go
-together to the Mission while Atala was still reposing. I accepted his
-offer, and we immediately started on our way.
-</p>
-<p>
-“On descending the mountain, I perceived some oaks upon which the genii
-seemed to have drawn foreign characters. The hermit told me that he had
-traced them himself; that they were some verses of an ancient poet called
-Homer, and a few sentences of another poet, more ancient still, named
-Solomon. There was a sort of mysterious harmony between the wisdom of
-former times, the verses eaten into by moss, the old hermit who had
-engraved them, and the aged oaks which had served him for books.
-</p>
-<p>
-“His name, his age, and the date of his mission were also marked upon a
-reed of the savannah at the foot of those trees. I was surprised at the
-fragility of the latter monument. ‘It will last longer than I,’ replied
-the father, ‘and it will always be of more value than the little good I
-have done.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“From thence we arrived at the entrance to a valley, where I saw a
-wonderful work. It was a natural bridge, similar to that in Virginia, of
-which you have perhaps heard. Men, my son, especially those of your
-country, often imitate Nature, and their copies are always insignificant.
-It is not the same with Nature when she appears to imitate the labors of
-men by in reality offering them models. Then it is that she throws bridges
-from the summit of one mountain to the summit of another, suspends roads
-in the air, spreads rivers for canals, carves out hills for columns, and
-for basins excavates seas.
-</p>
-<p>
-“We passed beneath the sole arch of this bridge, and found ourselves in
-front of another wonder, the cemetery of the Indians of the Mission, or
-the Groves of Death. Father Aubry had permitted his neophytes to bury
-their dead in their manner, and to continue its original name to their
-place of sepulture. He had merely sanctified the place with a cross. * The
-soil was divided, like fields set out for harvest, into as many lots as
-there were families. Each lot formed a wood of itself, which varied
-according to the taste of those who had planted it. A stream meandered
-noiselessly through the groves. It went by the name of the River of Peace.
-This smiling refuge of souls was closed on the east by the bridge beneath
-which we had passed. Two hills bounded it on the north and on the south,
-and it was open only towards the west, where stood a large forest of fir
-trees. The trunks of these trees, spotted with green, and growing without
-branches up to their very summits, resembled tall columns, and formed the
-peristyle of this temple of death. We remarked a religious sound, similar
-to the half-suppressed murmurs of an organ beneath the roof of a church;
-but when we had penetrated into the interior of the sanctuary, we could
-hear nothing beyond the hymns of the birds celebrating an eternal fête to
-the memory of the dead.
-</p>
-<p>
-“On emerging from the wood, we perceived the village of the Mission,
-situated on the side of a lake, in the midst of a savannah planted with
-flowers. It was reached by an avenue of magnolias and oaks, which bordered
-one of ‘those ancient roads met with towards the mountains that separate
-Kentucky from the Floridas. As soon as the Indians saw their pastor in the
-plain, they abandoned their labors, and hastened to meet him. Some of them
-kissed his gown, others assisted him to walk; the mothers raised their
-little children in their arms to show them the man of Jesus Christ who had
-shed tears. Father Aubry inquired as he went along of what was going on in
-the village. He gave counsel to one, and a mild reprimand to another, He
-spoke of harvests to be gathered, of children to be instructed, of
-troubles to be consoled; and he alluded to God in every topic he touched
-upon.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Thus escorted, we arrived at the foot of the large cross placed by the
-roadside. It was here that the servant of God was in the habit of
-celebrating the mysteries of his religion. ‘My dear neophytes,’ said he,
-turning himself towards the crowd, ‘a brother and a sister have come up to
-you, and, as an additional happiness, I see that Providence spared your
-harvests yesterday. Behold two great reasons for thankfulness. Let us
-therefore offer up the holy sacrifice, and may each of you bring to it
-deep attention, a lively faith, infinite gratitude, and a humble heart!’
-</p>
-<pre xml:space="preserve">
-* Father Aubry had done like the Jesuits in China, who
-allowed the Chinese to inter their relations in their
-gardens, according to an ancient custom.
-</pre>
-<p>
-“The holy priest forthwith put on a white tunic of mulberry-bark; the
-sacred cups were withdrawn from a tabernacle at the foot of the cross; the
-altar was set out on a portion of the rock, water was procured from the
-neighboring torrent, and a bunch of wild grapes furnished the wine for the
-sacrifice. We all went down upon our knees in the high grass, and the
-mystery began.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Break of day, appearing from behind the mountains, inflamed the eastern
-sky. Everything in the solitude was golden or roseate. The sun, announced
-by so much splendor, at length issued from an abyss of light, and its
-first ray fell upon the consecrated host, which the priest was at that
-very moment raising in the air.
-</p>
-<p>
-“After the sacrifice, during which nothing was wanting to me but the
-daughter of Lopez, we went to the village. The most touching mixture of
-social and natural life reigned there. By the side of a cypress-wood of
-the ancient desert was a nascent vegetation; ears of corn rolled like gold
-about the trunk of a fallen oak, and summer sheaves replaced the tree of
-three centuries. On all sides forests given up to the flames were sending
-up their smoke into the air, and the plough was being pushed slowly
-through the remains of their roots. Surveyors with long chains went to
-measure the ground; arbitrators marked out the first properties; the bird
-gave up its nest; the den of the wild beast was converted into a cabin;
-forges were heard to roar, and the blows of the axe caused the echoes to
-resound for the last time as they expired with the trees which had served
-them for a refuse.
-</p>
-<p>
-“I wandered with delight in the midst of these scenes, rendered still more
-enchanting by the image of Atala and by the dreams of felicity with which
-I was feeding my heart. I admired the triumph of Christianity over savage
-life. I saw the Indian becoming civilized by the voice of religion; I
-assisted at the primitive union of man and the earth—man, by this
-great contract, abandoning to the earth the inheritance of his labors; and
-the earth undertaking in return to bear faithfully the harvests, the sons,
-and the ashes of man.
-</p>
-<p>
-“During this time a child was presented to the missionary, who baptized it
-among the flowering jessamine on the border of a spring, whilst a coffin,
-in the midst of these joys and labors, was being carried to the Groves of
-Death. Two spouses received the nuptial benediction beneath an oak, and we
-afterwards went to install them in a corner of the desert. The pastor
-walked in front of us, blessing here and there a rock, a tree or a
-fountain, as of old, according to the book of the Christians, God blessed
-the untilled land when He gave it to Adam for an inheritance. This
-procession, which, with the flocks, was following its venerable chief from
-rock to rock, represented to my affected heart the migrations of the first
-families, when Shem, with his children, advanced into an unknown world,
-following the sun as his guide.
-</p>
-<p>
-“I desired to know from the hermit how he governed his flock. With great
-patience he replied to me, ‘I have laid down no law for them; I have
-merely taught them to love one another, to pray to God, and to hope for a
-better life. All the laws in the world are comprised therein. Towards the
-middle of the village you may perceive a cabin somewhat larger than the
-rest. It serves as a chapel during the rainy season. My children assemble
-there morning and evening to praise the Lord, and when I am absent an old
-man offers up the prayers; for old age, like maternity, is a sort of
-priesthood. The people afterwards go to work in the fields; and although
-the properties are divided, in order that each may learn something of
-social economy, the harvests are deposited in the same storehouse, out of
-a spirit of brotherly charity. Four old men are charged with the equal
-distribution of the produce of the general labors. Add to all that our
-religious ceremonies, plenty of hymns, the cross where I celebrate the
-mysteries, the elm-tree beneath which I preach in fine weather, our tombs
-near our corn-fields, our rivers into which I plunge the little children,
-and the Saint Johns of this new Bethany, and you will have a complete idea
-of this kingdom of Jesus Christ.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“The language of the hermit delighted me, and I felt the superiority of
-this stable and busy life over the wandering and idle existence of the
-savage.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Ah, René! I do not repine against Providence, yet I confess I never think
-of that evangelical society without experiencing bitter regret. How a hut,
-with Atala, in that neighborhood, would have rendered my life happy! There
-all my wanderings would have ceased; there, with a spouse, ignored by men
-and concealing my happiness in the depths of the forest, my days would
-have flown by like those rivers which have not even a name in the desert.
-Instead of the peace I was then bold enough to promise myself, amidst what
-troubles have my years been cast! The constant plaything of fortune,
-wrecked upon every shore, long an exile from my country, and on my return
-thither finding only a ruined cabin and friends in the tomb—such was
-to be the destiny of Chactas.
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0021" id="linkimage-0021"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/064s.jpg" alt="064s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/064.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/064m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0022" id="linkimage-0022"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/065s.jpg" alt="065s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/065.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/065m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0023" id="linkimage-0023"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/067s.jpg" alt="067s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/067.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/067m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="link2H_4_0005" id="link2H_4_0005"> </a>
-</p>
-<div style="height: 4em;">
-<br /><br /><br /><br />
-</div>
-<h2>
-III. THE DRAMA.
-</h2>
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">I</span>f my dream of happiness was bright, it was also of short duration, and I
-was to be awakened from it at the hermit’s grotto. On arriving there in
-the middle of the clay, I was surprised at not seeing Atala come forth to
-meet us. I cannot tell what sudden apprehension took possession of me. As
-we approached the grotto, I dared not call the daughter of Lopez; my
-imagination was equally frightened by the idea of the noise or of the
-silence that might follow my cries. Still more terrified by the dark
-appearance of the entrance to the rock, I said to the missionary, ‘O you,
-whom heaven accompanies and strengthens, penetrate into those shades!’
-</p>
-<p>
-“How weak is the man who is governed by his passions! How strong is he who
-relies upon God! There was more courage in that religious heart, withered
-by seventy-six years, than in all the ardor of my youth. The man of peace
-entered the grotto, whilst I remained outside, full of terror. Soon a
-feeble murmur of complaint issued from the interior of the rock, and fell
-upon my ear. Uttering a cry as I recovered my strength, I rushed into the
-darkness of the cavern. Spirits of my fathers, you alone know the
-spectacle that met my view!
-</p>
-<p>
-“The hermit had lighted a pine-torch, which he was holding with a
-trembling hand over Atala’s couch. With her hair in disorder, the young
-and beautiful woman, slightly raised upon her elbow, looked pale and
-suffering. Drops of painful sweat shone upon her forehead; her
-half-extinguished eyes still sought to express her love to me, and her
-mouth endeavored to smile. As though struck by lightning, with my eyes
-fixed, my arms outstretched, and my lips apart, I remained motionless. A
-profound silence reigned for a moment between the three personages of this
-scene of grief. The hermit was the first to break it. ‘This,’ he said,
-‘can only be a fever occasioned by fatigue, and if we resign ourselves to
-God’s will, He will take pity on us.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“At these words my heart revived, and, with the mobility of the savage, I
-passed suddenly from an excess of fear to an excess of confidence, from
-which, however, Atala soon aroused me. Shaking her head sadly, she made us
-a sign to approach her couch.
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘My father,’ she said, in a weak voice, addressing herself to the hermit,
-‘I am upon the point of death. O Chactas! listen without despair to the
-fatal secret I had concealed from you in order not to make you too
-miserable, and out of obedience to my mother. Try not to interrupt me by
-any marks of grief, which would shorten the few moments I have to live. I
-have many things to tell of, and from the beatings of my heart, which
-slacken—I do not know what icy burden presses within my bosom—I
-feel that I cannot make too much haste!’
-</p>
-<p>
-“After a short silence, Atala continued thus:—
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘My sad destiny began almost before I had seen the light. My mother had
-conceived me in misfortune. I wearied her bosom, and she brought me into
-the world with such painful difficulty that my life was despaired of. To
-save me, my mother made a vow. She promised the Queen of Angels that I
-should consecrate myself to an unwedded life if I escaped from death. That
-fatal vow is now hurrying me to the tomb!
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘I was entering upon my sixteenth year when I lost my mother. Some hours
-before her death she called me to her bedside. “My daughter,” she said, in
-the presence of the missionary who was consoling her last moments, “you
-know the vow I made for you. Would you belie your mother? O my Atala, I am
-leaving you in a world that is not worthy of possessing a Christian—in
-the midst of idolators who persecute the God of your father and of your
-mother, the God who, after having given you life, has preserved it to you
-by a miracle. Ah, my dear child, by accepting the virgin’s veil, you only
-renounce the cares of the cabin and the fatal passions which have
-tormented your mother’s breast! Come, then, my well-beloved, come; swear
-upon this image of the Saviour’s Mother, held by the hands of this holy
-priest and of your dying parent, that you will not betray me in the face
-of heaven. Remember what I promised for you in order to save your life,
-and that, if you do not keep my promise, you will plunge your mother’s
-soul into eternal tortures.”
- </p>
-<p>
-“‘O my mother, why spake you thus? O Religion, the cause of my ills and of
-my felicity, my ruin and my consolation at the same time! And you, dear
-and sad object of a passion that is consuming me even in the arms of
-death, you can now see, O Chactas, what has caused the hardship of our
-destiny! Melting into tears, and throwing myself upon my mother’s bosom, I
-promised all that I was asked to promise. The missionary pronounced over
-me the fearful language of my oath, and gave me the scapulary that bound
-me forever. My mother threatened me with her malediction if ever I broke
-my vow; and, after having advised me to keep the secret inviolably from
-the pagans, the persecutors of my religion, she expired, whilst holding me
-in a tender embrace.
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0024" id="linkimage-0024"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/069s.jpg" alt="069s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/069.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/069m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0025" id="linkimage-0025"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/071s.jpg" alt="071s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/071.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/071m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0026" id="linkimage-0026"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/073s.jpg" alt="073s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/073.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/073m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0027" id="linkimage-0027"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/075s.jpg" alt="075s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/075.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/075m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-“‘I did not at first know the danger of my oath. Full of ardor and a
-veritable Christian, proud, too, of the Spanish blood that flowed in my
-veins, I saw myself surrounded by men unworthy of receiving my hand, and I
-congratulated myself upon having no other spouse than the God of my
-mother. I saw you, young and beautiful prisoner; I pitied your lot; I had
-the courage to speak to you at the funeral pile in the forest. Then it was
-that I felt the weight of my vows!’
-</p>
-<p>
-“When Atala had finished littering these words, I cried out, with clenched
-fists, and looking at the missionary with a threatening air, ‘This, then,
-is the religion you have so much vaunted to me! Perish the oath that
-deprives me of Atala! Man-priest, why did you come into these forests?’
-</p>
-<p>
-‘"To save you,’ said the old man, in a terrible voice; ‘to conquer your
-passions, and to prevent you, blasphemer, from drawing down upon yourself
-the wrath of Heaven! It is becoming, indeed, for so young a man, scarcely
-entered upon life, to complain of his griefs! Where are the marks of your
-sufferings? Where are the acts of injustice you have had to support? Where
-are your virtues, which alone could give you a certain right to murmur?
-What services have you rendered? What good have you done? What, miserable
-creature! you can only show me passions, and you dare to accuse Heaven!
-When, like Father Aubry, you shall have passed thirty years in exile upon
-the mountains, you will be less prompt to judge of the designs of
-Providence. You will then understand that you know nothing and are
-nothing, and that there is no chastisement so severe, no misfortune so
-terrible, that our corrupt flesh does not deserve to suffer.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“The lightnings that flashed from the old man’s eyes, the beatings of his
-beard against his breast, and his fiery language, made him like to a god.
-Overcome by his majesty, I fell at the father’s knees, and asked pardon
-for my anger. ‘My son,’ he replied, in a tone so mild that a feeling of
-remorse entered my soul, ‘it was not for myself that I reprimanded you.
-Alas! you are right, my dear child: I have done but very little in these
-forests, and God has no servant more unworthy than myself. But, my son, it
-is Heaven—Heaven, I say—that should never be accused! Pardon
-me if I have offended you, and let us listen to your sister. There may
-still perhaps be some remedy; do not let us tire of hoping. Chactas, the
-religion which has made a virtue of hope is a Divine religion!’
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘My young friend,’ resumed Atala, ‘you have been a witness of my
-struggles, and nevertheless you have seen but the smallest portion of
-them. I concealed the rest from you. No; the black slave who moistens the
-hot sands of the Floridas with his sweat is less miserable than Atala has
-been. Urging you to flight, and yet certain to die if you left me; fearful
-of flying with you to the desert, and still panting after the shade of the
-woods—ah! if it had only been required of me to abandon my
-relations, my friends, my country! if even (frightful thought!) I should
-only have incurred the loss of my soul! But thy shadow, O my mother! thy
-shadow was always there, reminding me of thy tortures! I heard thy
-complaints; I saw the flames of hell consuming thee. My nights were
-barren, and haunted by phantoms, my days were disconsolate; the evening
-dew dried as it fell upon my burning skin; I opened my lips to the
-breezes, and the breezes, far from refreshing me, became heated with the
-fire of my breath. What torture it was for me, Chactas, to see you
-constantly near me, far from all mankind, in the depths of the solitude,
-and to feel that there was an invincible barrier between you and myself!
-To have passed my life at your feet, to have waited upon you like a slave,
-to have prepared your repasts and your couch in some unknown corner of the
-universe, would have been for me supreme happiness. That happiness was
-within my reach, yet I could not enjoy it. What plans I have imagined!
-What dreams have passed through this sad heart of mine! Occasionally, when
-I fixed my eyes upon you, I went so far as to encourage desires that were
-as foolish as they were culpable: sometimes I wished I were the only
-creature living with you upon the earth: at other times, feeling a
-divinity that stopped me in my horrible transports, I seemed to desire
-that that divinity might be annihilated, provided that, pressed in your
-arms, I might roll from abyss to abyss with the ruins of God and of the
-world! Even now—shall I say it?—now that eternity is about to
-swallow me up, that I am going to appear before the inexorable Judge; at
-the moment when, from obedience to my mother, I see with joy my vow
-devouring my life; well, even now, by a frightful contradiction, I carry
-away with me the regret of not having been yours——’
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘My daughter,’ interrupted the missionary, ‘your grief misleads you. The
-excess of passion to which you are abandoning yourself is rarely just; it
-is not even natural; and for that reason it is less culpable in the eyes
-of God, because it is rather an error of the mind than a vice of the
-heart. You must therefore put away such passionate feelings, which are
-unworthy of your innocence. At the same time, my dear child; your
-impetuous imagination has alarmed you too much concerning your vows.
-Religion requires no superhuman sacrifice. Its true sentiments, its
-moderated virtues, are far above the exalted sentiments and the forced
-virtues of a pretending heroism. If you had succumbed—well, poor
-lost sheep! the Good Shepherd would have sought for you, and would have
-brought you back to the flock. The treasures of repentance were open to
-you; torrents of blood are required to wipe out our faults in the eyes of
-men; a single tear suffices with God. Tranquilize yourself, therefore, my
-dear daughter; your situation needs calm. Let us address ourselves to God,
-who heals all the wounds of His servants. If it be His will, as I trust it
-may be, that you escape from this malady, I will write to the Bishop of
-Quebec; he has the power to release you from your vows, which are but
-simple vows; and you shall finish your days near me, with Chactas as your
-spouse.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“As the old man finished speaking, Atala was seized with a violent
-convulsion, from which she emerged with all the signs of fearful
-suffering. ‘What!’ said she, joining her two hands with passion, ‘there
-was a remedy! I could have been released from my vows!’ ‘Yes, my
-daughter,’ replied the father; ‘and it is still time.’ ‘It is too late it
-is too late!’ she cried.
-</p>
-<p>
-‘Must I die at the moment when I learn that I might have been happy? Why
-did I not know * this old man sooner? At present what happiness should I
-be enjoying with you, with my Chactas, a Christian—consoled,
-comforted by this august priest—in this desert—for ever—Oh!
-my felicity would have been too great!’ ‘Calm yourself,’ I said to her,
-taking hold of one of the unfortunate maiden’s hands; ‘calm yourself: that
-happiness is still in store for us.’ ‘Never! never!’ said Atala. ‘How?’ I
-asked. ‘You do not know all,’ cried the maiden. ‘Yesterday—during
-the storm—I was on the point of breaking my vows; I was going to
-plunge my mother into the flames of the abyss. Already her malediction was
-upon me, already I lied to the God who had saved my life. Whilst you were
-kissing my trembling lips, you were not aware that you were embracing
-death!’ ‘O heaven!’ cried the missionary; ‘dear child, what have you
-done?’ ‘A crime, my father,’ said Atala, with her eyes wandering; ‘but I
-only destroyed myself, and I saved my mother.’ ‘Finish then!’ I exclaimed,
-full of fear. ‘Well,’ she said, ‘I had foreseen my weakness; and on
-quitting the cabins I took away with me——’
-</p>
-<p>
-‘What?’ I interrupted with horror. ‘A poison?’ said the father. ‘It is now
-at my heart,’ cried Atala.
-</p>
-<p>
-“The torch slipped from the hermit’s hand. I fell fainting near Lopez’s
-daughter. The old man took each of us in his arms, and during a short
-interval we all three mingled our sobs on the funeral couch.
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘Let us be stirring; let us be stirring,’ said the courageous father, as
-he rose to light a lamp. ‘We are losing precious moments: like intrepid
-Christians, let us brave the assaults of adversity; with the cord about
-our necks, and with ashes upon our heads, let us throw ourselves at the
-feet of the Most High, to implore His clemency, and to submit ourselves to
-His decrees. Perhaps it may still be time. My daughter, you ought to have
-told me of this last night.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘Alas! my father,’ said Atala, ‘I looked for you last night; but heaven,
-as a punishment for my faults, kept you away from me. Besides, all help
-would have been useless; for even the Indians themselves, who are so
-clever in what concerns poisons, know no remedy for that I have taken. O
-Chactas, judge of my astonishment when I found that the result was not so
-prompt as I had expected! My love redoubled my strength, and my soul was
-unwilling to separate thus quickly from you!’
-</p>
-<p>
-“It was no longer by sobs that I now interrupted Atala’s recital, but by a
-torrent of passionate transports known only to savages. I rolled myself
-upon the ground, twisting my arms and biting my hands. The old priest,
-with wonderful tenderness, ran from brother to sister, endeavoring to
-relieve us in a thousand ways. Through the calmness of his heartland from
-the experience due to his weight of years, he knew how to act upon our
-youth, and his religion furnished him with accents even more tender and
-more ardent than our passions. Does not this priest, who had passed forty
-years of daily sacrifice in the service of God and man upon the mountain,
-remind you of the holocausts of Israel smoking perpetually on the high
-places before the Lord?
-</p>
-<p>
-“Alas! it was in vain that he tried to procure a remedy for Atala’s
-sufferings. Fatigue, grief, poison, and a passion more mortal than all the
-poisons together, had united to snatch the flower from the desert. Towards
-evening terrible symptoms began to show themselves. A general numbness
-took possession of Atala’s limbs, and the extremities of her body became
-cold. ‘Touch my fingers,’ she said to me; ‘do they not feel quite icy?’ I
-could not reply. I was overcome with horror. Afterwards she added, ‘Even
-yesterday, my well-beloved, your contact made me quiver: and now I can no
-longer feel your hand; I scarcely hear your voice, and the objects in the
-grotto are disappearing from my sight one after the other. Are not the
-birds singing? The sun must be nearly setting? Chactas, its rays will be
-very beautiful in the desert, over my tomb!’
-</p>
-<p>
-“Atala perceiving that her language had melted us into tears, said softly,
-‘Pardon me, my kind friends; I am very weak, but perhaps I shall get
-stronger. And yet to die so young, all at once, when my heart was so full
-of life! Chief of prayer, take pity on me; support me. Do you think my
-mother will be satisfied, and that God will forgive what I have done?’
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘My daughter,’ replied the holy man, shedding tears, and wiping them away
-with his trembling, mutilated fingers, ‘all your misfortunes are the
-result of your ignorance. Your savage education and the want of
-instruction have been your ruin. You did not know that a Christian cannot
-dispose of his life. Console yourself, therefore, my dear lamb; God will
-pardon you, on account of the simplicity of your heart. Your mother, and
-the imprudent missionary who guided her, are more to be blamed than you;
-they exceeded their power in imposing an indiscreet vow upon you: but may
-the Lord be with them! You all three offer a terrible example of the
-dangers of enthusiasm, and of the want of enlightenment on religious
-matters. Be of good cheer, my child; He who fathoms our thoughts and our
-hearts will judge you according to your intentions, which were pure, and
-not from your action, which was condemnable.
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘As for life, if the moment has come for you to sleep in the Lord, ah! my
-child, you lose but little by losing this world! In spite of the solitude
-in which you have lived, you have known sorrow; what would you have felt,
-then, if you had witnessed the evils of society?—if, on visiting the
-shores of Europe, your ear had been stricken by the long cry of suffering
-heard throughout that old land? The dweller in the cabin, the inhabitant
-of a palace, both suffer and groan here below: queens have been seen to
-cry like simple women, and people have been astonished at the quantity of
-tears shed by kings!
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘Is it your love that you regret? My daughter, you might as well weep
-over a dream. Do you know the heart of man, and could you reckon upon the
-inconstancies of his affection? Sacrifices and kindnesses, Atala, are not
-eternal ties. One day, perhaps, disgust would have come with satiety, the
-past would have been considered as nothing, and naught would have remained
-but the inconveniences of a poor and despised union. Doubtless, my dear
-daughter, the most beautiful loves were those of the man and woman who
-issued from the hand of the Creator. A paradise had been prepared for
-them. They were innocent and immortal. Perfect in soul and body, they
-suited each other in every respect. Eve had been created for Adam, l and
-Adam for Eve. If they, nevertheless, could not remain in that state of
-happiness, what couple after them could do so? I will not speak to you of
-the marriages of the first-born of men, of those ineffable unions between
-sister and brother, in which love and friendship were confounded in the
-same heart, and the purity of the one increased the delights of the other.
-All those unions were troubled; jealousy crept over the altar of turf upon
-which the goat was sacrificed, it existed beneath the tent of Abraham, and
-even in the abodes of the patriarchs, where they experienced so much joy
-that they forgot the death of their mothers.
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘Do you suppose, then, my child, that you are more innocent and more
-fortunate in your ties than those holy families from which Jesus Christ
-deigned to descend? Again, woman renews her sufferings each time she
-becomes a mother, and she weeps on her marriage-day. What grief there is
-for her in the mere loss of her new-born babe, to whom she gave
-nourishment, and who dies upon her bosom! The mountain was full of groans:
-nothing could console Rachel for the loss of her sons. The bitterness
-attendant upon human affections is so powerful that I have in my country
-seen grand ladies, the beloved of kings, quit the life of a court to bury
-themselves in a cloister, and mutilate that rebellious flesh, the
-pleasures of which are only the precursors of sorrow.
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘But perhaps you would say that these last examples do not affect you;
-that all your ambition was limited to the desire of living in an obscure
-cabin with the man of your choice; that you sought less after the sweets
-of marriage than after the charms of that folly which youth calls love?
-Delusion, chimera, vanity—the dream of a diseased imagination! I
-also, my daughter, have known the troubles of the heart. This head has not
-been always bald, nor this breast always so calm as it appears to you
-to-day. Believe in my experience: if man, constant in his affections,
-could unceasingly respond to a sentiment constantly renewed, solitude and
-love would doubtless render him the equal of God Himself; for those are
-the two eternal pleasures of the Great Being. But the soul of man becomes
-weary, and never loves the same object long and fully. There are always
-some points upon which two hearts do not agree, and in the end those
-points suffice to render life insupportable.
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘Finally, my dear child, the great error of men, in their dream of
-happiness, is that they forget the infirmity of death inseparable from
-their nature; the end must come. Sooner or later, whatever might have been
-your felicity, your beautiful visage would have been changed into that
-uniform face which the sepulchre gives to the family of Adam. Even the eye
-of Chactas would not have been able to distinguish you from amongst your
-sisters of the tomb. Love does not extend its empire so far as the worms
-in the coffin. What have I to say (O vanity of vanities!), what can I say
-concerning the durability of earthly friendships? Would you, my dear
-daughter, know its extent? If a man were to return to light some years
-after his death, I do not believe he would be received with joy even by
-those who had shed the most tears to his memory; so quickly are new ties
-contracted, so easily fresh habits are indulged in, so entirely is
-inconstancy natural to man, and so little is our life even in the hearts
-of our friends!
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘Thank, therefore, the Divine goodness, my dear daughter, for taking you
-away thus early from this valley of misery. Already the white robe and the
-brilliant crown of virgins are being prepared for you in the skies;
-already I hear the Queen of the Angels crying out to you, “Come, my worthy
-servant; come, my dove; come and sit down upon the throne of candor,
-amidst all those maidens who have sacrificed their beauty and their youth
-in the service of humanity, in the education of children, and in works of
-penitence.”’
-</p>
-<p>
-“As the last ray of daylight stills the winds and spreads tranquillity
-through the sky, so the old man’s calm language appeased the passions in
-the bosom of my lover. She no longer thought of anything but my grief, and
-of the means for enabling me to support her loss. At first she said that
-she should die happy if I would promise her to dry my tears; then she
-spoke to me of my mother and of my country, and endeavored to distract me
-from present grief by referring to past sufferings. She exhorted me to
-patience and virtue. ‘You will not always be unhappy,’ she said; ‘if
-Heaven tries you to-day, it is merely to render you more compassionate for
-the ills of others. The heart, Chactas, is like those trees that only
-yield their balm for healing men’s wounds after having been themselves
-seared with iron.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“When she had thus spoken, Atala turned towards the missionary, seeking
-from him the consolation she had been endeavoring to impart to me; and, by
-turns consoling and consoled, she gave and received the word of life; upon
-the couch of death.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Nevertheless, the hermit redoubled his zeal. With the torch of religion
-in his hand, he appeared to be guiding Atala to the tomb, to show her its
-secret wonders. The humble grotto was full of the grandeur of this
-Christian agony, and the heavenly spirits were no doubt attentive to the
-scene, in which Religion had to struggle alone against Love, Youth and
-Death.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Divine Religion triumphed, and her victory was perceptible from the holy
-sadness that followed our hearts’ previous passionate transports. Towards
-the middle of the night, Atala seemed to revive, and repeated the prayers
-pronounced by the monk at the side of her couch. Shortly afterwards, she
-offered me her hand, and, in a voice scarcely audible, said, ‘Son of
-Outalissi, do you remember the night when you took me for the Virgin of
-the Last Loves? What a singular omen of our destiny! She stopped, then
-continued: ‘When I think that I am leaving you for ever, my heart makes
-such an effort to live, that I feel almost strong enough to render myself
-immortal by the power of my love. But, O God! Thy will be done!’ Atala
-became silent during a few instants; then she added: ‘It only remains for
-me to ask your pardon for all the ills I have caused you. Chactas, a
-little earth thrown upon my body will place a world between you and me,
-and will deliver you forever from the weight of my calamities!’
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘Pardon you!’ I exclaimed, drowned in tears; ‘Is it not I who have caused
-all your misfortunes?’ ‘My friend,’ she replied, interrupting me, ‘you
-have rendered me very happy, and if I had to begin my life over again, I
-should still prefer the happiness of having loved you for a few short
-moments in an exile of adversity to an entire life of repose in my own
-country.’
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0028" id="linkimage-0028"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/084s.jpg" alt="084s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/084.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/084m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-“Here Atala’s voice languished: the shadows of death spread themselves
-about her eyes and her mouth; her wandering fingers endeavored to catch at
-something and she spoke lowly with the invisible spirits. Soon, however,
-making an effort, she attempted, but in vain, to take the little crucifix
-from her neck; she asked me to untie it myself, and then said to me:—
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0029" id="linkimage-0029"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/088s.jpg" alt="088s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/088.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/088m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-“‘When I spoke to you for the first time, by the light of the fire you saw
-this cross shining upon my bosom; it is the only treasure that Atala
-possesses. Lopez, your father and mine, sent it to my mother a few days
-after my birth. Accept the inheritance, then, from me, my brother, and
-keep it in remembrance of my misfortunes. Chactas, I have a last request
-to make of you. Our union on earth, my friend, would have been short; but
-after this life there is a longer life. I only go before you to-day, and I
-will wait for you in the celestial empire. If you have loved me, get
-yourself instructed in the Christian religion, which will prepare our
-re-union. That religion has worked a great miracle under your own eyes,
-since it enables me to quit you without the anguish of despair. Still,
-Chactas, I only desire you to make me a simple promise. I know too well
-what it costs to ask an oath from you. Perhaps such a vow might separate
-you from some woman happier than I. O my mother, pardon thy daughter! I am
-again succumbing to my weaknesses, and am turning aside from Thee, O my
-God, thoughts that should be thine, and thine only!’
-</p>
-<p>
-“Overwhelmed with grief, I promised Atala that I would one day embrace the
-Christian religion. At this moment the hermit, rising with an inspired
-air, and stretching his arms towards the roof of the grotto, exclaimed,
-‘It is time—it is time to call God hither!’
-</p>
-<p>
-“Scarcely had he uttered those words, when a supernatural force
-constrained me to fall upon my knees and to turn my head towards the foot
-of Atala’s couch. The priest opened a secret place that contained a golden
-urn covered with a silk veil; he then knelt down and prayed fervently.
-Suddenly the grotto appeared to be illuminated: songs of angels and the
-vibrations of celestial harps were heard in the air; and when the hermit
-drew the sacred vessel from the tabernacle, I thought I saw God Himself
-issue forth from the side of the mountain.
-</p>
-<p>
-“The priest opened the cup, took between his fingers a wafer white as
-snow, and approached Atala as he pronounced some mysterious words. That
-saint’s eyes were upturned in ecstacy. All her sufferings appeared to be
-suspended; her entire being concentrated itself upon her mouth; her lips
-parted, and advanced with respect to seek the God concealed beneath the
-mystic bread. The saintly old man afterwards soaked a piece of cotton in
-the consecrated oil, and looked for a moment at the dying maiden; when all
-of a sudden he uttered these imposing words, ‘Go, Christian soul, go;
-return to your Creator!’ Raising then my downcast head, I cried, looking
-at the vessel that contained the holy oil, ‘My father, will that remedy
-restore Atala to life?’ ‘Yes, my son,’ said the old man, falling into my
-arms, ‘to life eternal!’ Atala had just expired.
-</p>
-<p>
-At this point Chactas was obliged, for the second time, to interrupt the
-recital of his story. His tears flowed copiously, and the tremor of his
-voice only permitted him to utter broken words. The blind sachem opened
-his breast and drew forth Atala’s crucifix. “Here it is!” he cried; “dear
-token of adversity! O René, O my son! You see it; but I can see it no
-longer.
-</p>
-<p>
-Tell me whether, after so many years, the gold of it is tarnished? Do you
-see any traces of my tears upon it? Could you recognize the part which had
-been touched by the lips of a saint? How is it that Chactas is not yet a
-Christian? What trivial motives of policy or nationality have kept him in
-the errors of his fathers? No; I will no longer delay. The earth is crying
-out to me, ‘When, then, wilt thou go down into the tomb, and for what art
-thou waiting to embrace a Divine religion?’.... Earth! thou shalt not wait
-long, for as soon as a priest shall have regenerated by baptism this head
-whitened with grief, I hope to be re-united to Atala.... But let me finish
-what remains to be told of my story.”
- </p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0030" id="linkimage-0030"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/091s.jpg" alt="091s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/091.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/091m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0031" id="linkimage-0031"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/092s.jpg" alt="092s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/092.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/092m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0032" id="linkimage-0032"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/094s.jpg" alt="094s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/094.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/094m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0033" id="linkimage-0033"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/096s.jpg" alt="096s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/096.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/096m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<h3>
-I V. THE FUNERAL
-</h3>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0034" id="linkimage-0034"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/098s.jpg" alt="098s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/098.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/098m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-“I will not undertake, René, to picture the despair that took possession
-of my soul when Atala had heaved her last sigh. It would require more
-warmth than I have left, and that my closed eyes might re-open to the sun,
-to ask it to tell of the tears they shed in its light. Yes, the moon now
-shining above our heads will become weary of lighting the solitudes of
-Kentucky—the river that is now bearing our pirogues will suspend the
-course of its waters—before my tears cease to flow for Atala! During
-two days I was insensible to the hermit’s conversation. In trying to calm
-my grief, the excellent man did not employ the commonplace reasonings of
-earthly minds. All he said was, ‘My son, it is the will of God;’ and then
-he pressed me in his arms. I should never have thought there was so much
-consolation in those few words of a resigned Christian, if I had not
-myself experienced it.
-</p>
-<p>
-“The mild tenderness and the unvarying patience of the old servant of God
-at length conquered the obstinacy of my grief; I became ashamed of the
-tears I caused him to shed. ‘My father,’ I said, ‘this is too much: let
-the passions of a young man disturb the peace of your days no longer.
-Permit me to carry away the remains of my spouse; I will inter them in
-some corner of the desert; and if I am condemned to live on for a time, I
-will endeavor to render myself worthy of the eternal nuptials that were
-promised me by Atala.’
-</p>
-<p>
-“At this unexpected return of courage, the good father trembled with joy,
-saying, ‘O blood of Jesus Christ, blood of my Divine Master, I acknowledge
-herein Thy merits! Thou wilt no doubt save this young man. My God, finish
-Thy work; restore peace to this troubled soul, and leave it but the humble
-and useful remembrances of its misfortunes!’
-</p>
-<p>
-“The righteous man refused to give up to me the body of Lopez’s daughter;
-but he proposed to call together his neophytes, and to inter it with all
-the pomp of the Christian ceremonial. In my turn, I refused. ‘Atala’s
-misfortunes and virtues,’ I said, ‘were unknown to men; let her grave, dug
-secretly by our hands, share that obscurity.’ We agreed to set off the
-next morning at sunrise, and to bury Atala beneath the arch of the natural
-bridge at the entrance to the Groves of Death. It was also decided that we
-should pass the night in prayer near the corpse of the saint.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Towards evening we transported the precious remains to an opening of the
-grotto looking to the north. The hermit had enveloped them in a piece of
-European lawn, woven by his mother. It was the only thing still remaining
-to him of his country, and he had long preserved it for his own tomb. We
-laid Atala upon a turf of mountain-sensitives; her feet, her head, her
-shoulders, and a part of her bosom were uncovered. There was a faded
-magnolia in her hair, the same flower I had placed upon the virgin’s couch
-to render her fruitful. Her lips, like a rose-bud gathered two mornings
-before, seemed to languish and smile. Her cheeks, of sparkling whiteness,
-showed a number of blue veins. Her beautiful eyes were closed, her modest
-feet joined together, and her hands of alabaster pressed against her heart
-an ebony crucifix; the scapulary of her vows was fastened about her neck.
-She appeared as though enchanted by the angel of melancholy, and by the
-double sleep of innocence and of the tomb.
-</p>
-<p>
-I never saw anything so heavenly. By a person unconscious that this young
-girl had enjoyed the light, she might have been taken for a statue of
-Sleeping Virginity.
-</p>
-<p>
-“The monk did not cease praying all night. I sat in silence at the end of
-my Atala’s funeral couch. How often, during her sleep, I had held that
-charming head upon my knees! How many times I had leaned over her to hear
-her breathe, and to inhale her breath! But at present no sound issued from
-that motionless breast, and it was in vain that I looked for the awakening
-of my love!
-</p>
-<p>
-“The moon lent her pale light to this funereal watching; she rose in the
-middle of the night, like a white vestal come to weep over the coffin of a
-companion. From time to time the monk dipped a flowering branch into the
-holy water, and shaking its moistened leaves, perfumed the night air with
-heavenly balms. Occasionally also he repeated, to an ancient tune, these
-verses by an old poet named Job:
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0035" id="linkimage-0035"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/100s.jpg" alt="100s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/100.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/100m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-“‘I have passed away like a flower; I have withered like the grass of the
-fields.
-</p>
-<p>
-“‘Wherefore is light given to him that is in misery, and life unto the
-bitter in soul?’
-</p>
-<p>
-“Thus sang the old man. His deep and irregular voice went rolling through
-the silence of the desert. The name of God and of the tomb issued from all
-the echoes, from all the torrents, and from all the forests, and the
-Groves of Death seemed to be murmuring a distant chorus of the departed in
-reply to the hermit’s sacred chant.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Nevertheless, a bar of gold was forming in the east. The sparrow-hawks
-were crying upon the rocks, and the martins creeping back into the hollows
-of the elm-trees: these were so many signs that the time had come for
-Atala’s interment. I took the body on my shoulders; the hermit walked in
-front of me, carrying a spade in his hand. We commenced the descent from
-rock to rock; old age and death combined equally to slacken our pace. At
-the sight of the dog which had found us in the forest, and which now,
-jumping with joy, led us by another route, I melted into tears. Atala’s
-long hair, the plaything of the morning breezes, frequently threw its
-golden veil over my eyes, and, bending beneath the burden, I was obliged
-to lay it down often upon the moss, and sit awhile, to recover my
-strength. At length we arrived at the spot selected by my grief, and we
-entered beneath the arch of the bridge. O my son, you should have seen the
-youthful savage and the old hermit, on their knees in front of each other,
-in the desert, digging with their hands a grave for the poor girl whose
-body lay stretched out close at hand, in the dried-up bed of a torrent!
-</p>
-<p>
-“When our work was terminated, we transported the loved one into her bed
-of clay. Taking then a little dust in my hand, and observing a fearful
-silence, I looked upon Atala’s face for the last time. I afterwards spread
-the earth over that forehead of eighteen springs; gradually I saw the
-features of my sister disappear, and her graces become hidden beneath the
-curtain of eternity. ‘Lopez!’ I exclaimed, ‘behold your son burying your
-daughter!’ And I finished by covering Atala entirely with the earth of
-sleep.
-</p>
-<p>
-“We returned to the grotto, where I made the missionary acquainted with
-the project I had formed of remaining with him. The saint, who wonderfully
-understood the heart of man, penetrated my thought and the artfulness of
-my grief. He said: ‘Chactas, son of Outalissi, so long as Atala was alive,
-I myself desired that you should live with me; but at present your lot is
-changed; you owe yourself to your country. Believe me, my son, such griefs
-are not eternal. Sooner or later they wear themselves out, because the
-heart of man is finite. That is one of our great miseries; we are not even
-capable of being unhappy for a long time. Return to the Mississippi; go
-and console your mother, who weeps for you day by day, and who stands in
-need of your support. Get yourself instructed in Atala’s religion,
-whenever an opportunity presents itself; and remember that you promised
-her to be virtuous and Christian. I will watch over her tomb. Go, my son;
-God, your sister’s soul, and the heart of your old friend, will follow
-you!’
-</p>
-<p>
-“Such was the language of the man of the rock. His authority was too
-great, his wisdom too profound, not to be obeyed. The next morning I
-quitted my venerable host, who, pressing me to his heart, gave me his last
-counsels, his last blessing, and his last tears. I went to the grave, and
-was surprised at finding a little cross placed over the body, as one may
-sometimes perceive the mast of a vessel that has been wrecked. I judged
-that the hermit had been there to pray during the night. This mark of
-friendship and religion caused me to shed an abundance of tears. I was
-almost tempted to re-open the tomb, in order to gaze once more upon my
-well-beloved; a religious fear withheld me. I sat down upon the
-recently-disturbed ground. With an elbow resting upon my knees, and my
-head supported by my hand, I remained buried for a time in a most bitter
-reverie. O René! it was then that, for the first time, I made serious
-reflections upon the vanity of our days, and the still greater vanity of
-our projects. Ah! my child, who has not made such reflections? I am no
-longer but an old stag whitened by the winters; my years compete with
-those of the crow. Well, in spite of the number of days accumulated over
-my head, in spite of such a long experience of life, I have not yet met
-with a man who had not been deceived in his dreams of happiness, nor a
-heart that did not contain a hidden wound.
-</p>
-<p>
-“Having thus seen the sun rise and set upon this place of grief, the next
-day, at the first cry of the stork, I prepared to leave the sacred
-sepulchre. I quitted it as the spot from which I desired to start upon a
-career of virtue. Three times I evoked the soul of Atala; three times the
-genius of the desert responded to my cries beneath the funeral arch. I
-afterwards saluted the East, and then I perceived, amongst the mountain
-paths in the distance, the friendly hermit going to the cabin of some
-unhappy creature. Falling upon my knees, and ardently embracing Atala’s
-grave, I exclaimed, ‘Sleep in peace in this foreign land, too unfortunate
-maiden! In return for your love, for your exile, and for your death, you
-are going to be abandoned, even by Chactas!’ Then, shedding a flood of
-tears, I separated from Lopez’s daughter, and, tearing myself from the
-spot, left at the foot of nature’s monument a monument still more august—the
-humble Tomb of Virtue.”
- </p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0036" id="linkimage-0036"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/103s.jpg" alt="103s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/103.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/103m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0037" id="linkimage-0037"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/104s.jpg" alt="104s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/104.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/104m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="link2H_EPIL" id="link2H_EPIL"> </a>
-</p>
-<div style="height: 4em;">
-<br /><br /><br /><br />
-</div>
-<h2>
-EPILOGUE.
-</h2>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0038" id="linkimage-0038"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/107s.jpg" alt="107s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/107.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/107m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p class="pfirst"><span class="dropcap" style="font-size: 4.00em">C</span>hactas, son of Outalissi the Natchez, related this story to René the
-European. Fathers have repeated it to their sons; and I, a traveller to
-distant lands, have faithfully narrated what the Indians told me. I saw in
-this story the picture of the hunting people and of the laboring people;
-religion, the first lawgiver of men; the dangers of ignorance and
-religious enthusiasm opposed to the light, the charity and the veritable
-spirit of the Evangile; the struggles of the passions and the virtues in a
-simple heart; and, finally, the triumph of Christianity over the most
-ardent sentiment and the most terrible fear—Love and Death.
-</p>
-<p>
-When a Seminole related this story to me, I found it very instructive and
-perfectly beautiful, because he narrated it with the flowery eloquence of
-the desert, the grace of the cabin, and a simplicity in describing grief
-which I am afraid I have not been able to preserve. But one thing remained
-for me to learn. I wished to know what had become of Father Aubry, and no
-one could tell me. I should never have ascertained if Providence, who
-guides all, had not led me to discover what I was seeking. This is how the
-matter came about.
-</p>
-<p>
-I had visited the shores of the Mississippi, which formerly constituted
-the southern boundary of New France, and I was desirous of seeing, in the
-north, that other wonder of the American empire, the cataract of Niagara.
-I had nearly reached the falls, in the ancient country of the
-Agannonsioni, * when one morning, as I was crossing a plain, I perceived a
-woman seated beneath a tree, and holding a dead child upon her knees. I
-quietly approached the young mother, and heard her singing to this effect:—
-</p>
-<p>
-“If thou hadst remained amongst us, dear babe, with what grace thy hand
-might have bent the bow! Thy arm might have tamed the furious bear, and
-thy steps might have outrun the flying kid on the summit of the mountain.
-White ermine of the rock, to go so young to the land of souls! How wilt
-thou manage to live there? Thy father is not there to feed thee with the
-produce of his chase. Thou wilt be cold, and no Spirit will give thee
-skins to cover thyself. Oh! I must hasten to rejoin thee, to sing songs to
-thee and to give thee my breast.” And the young mother sang with a
-trembling voice, rocked the child upon her knees, wetted its lips with her
-maternal milk, and bestowed upon the dead all those cares which are
-usually given to the living.
-</p>
-<p>
-According to the Indian custom, the woman desired to dry the body of her
-son upon the branches of a tree before taking it away to the tomb of its
-ancestors. She therefore undressed the new-born babe, and, after breathing
-some instants upon its mouth, uncovered its breast, and embraced the icy
-remains, which would certainly have been re-animated by the fire of that
-maternal heart, if God had not reserved to Himself the breath that imparts
-life.
-</p>
-<p>
-She rose, and looked about for a tree upon which she might lay her child.
-She selected a maple with red flowers, festooned with garlands of apios,
-that emitted the sweetest perfumes. With one hand she pulled down the
-lowest branch, and with the other she placed the body thereon; then
-loosing the branch, it returned to its natural position, with the remains
-of innocence concealed in its ordoriforous foliage. Oh, how touching is
-this Indian custom! Pompous monuments of the Crassi and of the Cæsars, I
-have seen you in your desolated plains; but I by far prefer those aërian
-tombs of the savages, those mausoleums of flowers and verdure, perfumed by
-the bee and waved by the zephyr, wherein the nightingale builds its nest
-and warbles its plaintive melody. When the mortal remains are those of a
-young maiden suspended by the hand of a lover to the tree of death, or of
-a beloved child placed by a fond mother in the dwelling of the little
-birds, the charm is still greater. I approached her who was groaning at
-the foot of the maple-tree, and placed my hands upon her head as I uttered
-the three cries of grief. Afterwards, without speaking to the young
-mother, I imitated her by taking a bough and driving away the insects that
-were buzzing about the child’s body. But I was careful not to disturb a
-neighboring dove. The Indian woman said to it: “Dove, if thou art not the
-soul of my departed son, thou art doubtless a mother seeking for something
-to make a nest. Take these hairs, which I shall no more wash in scented
-water; take them for a bed for thy little ones, and may the Great Spirit
-preserve them to thee!”
- </p>
-<pre xml:space="preserve">
-* The Iroquois,
-</pre>
-<p>
-Nevertheless, the mother wept with joy on remarking the stranger’s
-politeness. As we were thus occupied, a young man came up and said,
-“Daughter of Céluta, take down our child: we will no longer sojourn in
-this place; we will set off at the rising of the next sun.” I then said,
-“Brother, I wish you a blue sky, plenty of game, a beaver cloak, and hope!
-You are not of the desert, then?”
- </p>
-<p>
-“No,” replied the young man; “we are exiles, and we are going to seek a
-country.” Saying that, the warrior lowered his head upon his breast, and
-began knocking off the heads of some flowers with the end of his bow. I
-saw that there were tears at the bottom of this story, so I remained
-silent. The mother took her son’s body down from the branch of the tree,
-and gave it to her spouse to carry. I then said, “Will you allow me to
-light your fire to-night?”
- </p>
-<p>
-“We have no cottage,” replied the warrior; “but if you desire to follow
-us, we are going to camp on the border of the Falls.”
- </p>
-<p>
-“With pleasure,” I replied; and we started off together.
-</p>
-<p>
-We soon arrived at the border of the cataract, which announced itself with
-frightful roarings. It is formed by the river Niagara, which takes its
-rise in Lake Erie, and falls into Lake Ontario. Its perpendicular height
-is one hundred and forty-four feet. From Lake Erie to the Falls, the river
-flows with a rapid inclination; and at the leap it is less a river than a
-sea whose torrents crush each other in the yawning mouth of an abyss. The
-cataract is divided into two branches, and bends like a horse-shoe.
-Between the two falls there is an island, hollow underneath, and which
-hangs with all its trees over the chaos of the waves. The mass of the
-river which rushes towards the north, assumes the form of a vast cylinder,
-unrolling itself into a field of snow, and shining with every color in the
-sun; that which flows to the east descends into a fearful shade, and might
-be taken for a column of the water of the Deluge. A thousand rainbows bend
-and cross each other above the abyss. Striking against the shaken rock,
-the water rebounds in whirlwinds of froth that rise above the forests like
-smoke from a vast burning mass. Pine-trees, walnut-trees, and rocks worn
-into fantastic forms, ornament the scene. Eagles, carried along by the
-current of air, are whirled down to the bottom of the gulf; and carcajous,
-hanging by their flexible tails to the ends of the fallen branches, wait
-to seize in the abyss the crushed bodies of bears and elks.
-</p>
-<p>
-Whilst I was contemplating this spectacle with a sort of pleasure mixed
-with terror, the Indian and his spouse left me. I looked for them as I
-ascended the river-side above the Falls, and soon discovered them in a
-place suited to their grief. They were lying down upon the grass, with a
-number of old men, near some human bones wrapped in bear-skins. Astonished
-at everything I had seen during the last few hours, I sat down near the
-young mother, and said, “What is all this, my sister?” She replied: “My
-brother, the earth of our country and the ashes of our forefathers follow
-us in our exile.”
- </p>
-<p>
-“And how,” I asked, “have you been reduced to such a misfortune?” The
-daughter of Céluta responded, “We are the remains of the Natchez. After
-the massacre of our nation by the French, to avenge their compatriots,
-those of our brothers who escaped from the conquerors found refuge with
-our neighbors, the Chikassas. We remained tranquilly with them for some
-time; but seven moons ago, the white men from Virginia took possession of
-our fields, affirming that they had been given to them by a king of
-Europe. So we raised our eyes to heaven, and, laden with the remains of
-our forefathers, started on our way across the desert. I was confined
-during the march, and as my milk was bad on account of my grief, it caused
-my child to die.” As she spoke, the mother wiped her eyes with her hair. I
-wept also.
-</p>
-<p>
-After a while I said, “My sister, let us adore the Great Spirit;
-everything happens by His command. We are all travellers; our fathers were
-the same; but there is a place where we shall find rest. If I were not
-afraid of my tongue being as indiscreet as that of a white man, I would
-ask of you if you have heard speak of Chactas the Natchez.”
- </p>
-<p>
-At these words the Indian woman looked at me, and asked, ‘’Who has spoken
-to you of Chactas the Natchez? “I replied, “Wisdom.” The Indian rejoined,
-“I will tell you what I know, because you drove away the flies from the
-body of my son, and uttered good words concerning the Great Spirit. I am
-the daughter of the daughter of René, the European whom Chactas had
-adopted. Chactas, who had received baptism, and René, my unfortunate
-grandfather, perished in the massacre.”
- </p>
-<p>
-“Man passes constantly from grief to grief,” I replied, bending myself
-with humility. “You might also perhaps be able to give me news of Father
-Aubry?”
- </p>
-<p>
-“He was not more fortunate than Chactas,” said the Indian. “The Cherokees,
-who were hostile to the French, attacked his Mission. They were guided
-thither by the sound of a bell that was rung to succor travellers. Father
-Aubry could have escaped, but he would not abandon his children, and
-remained to encourage them to die by his example. He was burnt with great
-torture; but his enemies could not draw from him a single cry that might
-be turned to the shame of his God or to the dishonor of his country.
-During the punishment he never ceased to pray for his executioners, and to
-pity the lot of his fellow-victims. In order to compel him to betray a
-mark of weakness, the Cherokees led to his feet a Christian savage, whom
-they had horribly mutilated. But they were much surprised when they saw
-the young man go down upon his knees and kiss the wounds of the old
-hermit, who cried out to him, ‘My child, we have been given as a spectacle
-to men and to the angels.’ The Indians, furious at his expression, forced
-a red-hot iron down his throat to prevent him from speaking; and
-thereupon, no longer able to console his fellow-creatures, he expired.
-</p>
-<p>
-“It is said that the Cherokees, accustomed though they were to see savages
-suffer with indifference, could not refrain from confessing that there was
-in Father Aubry’s courage something unknown to them, and which surpassed
-every description of courage they had witnessed. Several of them, struck
-by his remarkable death, afterwards became Christians.
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0039" id="linkimage-0039"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/111s.jpg" alt="111s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/111.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/111m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-“On his return to the land of white men, several years later, Chactas,
-having heard of the misfortunes of the chief of prayer, went to gather the
-Father’s ashes, and those of Atala. He arrived at the spot where the
-mission had formerly existed, but he could scarcely recognize it. The lake
-was overflown, and the savannah changed into a marsh; the natural bridge,
-which had fallen in, had buried Atala’s tomb and the Groves of Death
-beneath its ruins. Chactas wandered about the place for a length of time:
-he visited the hermit’s grotto, which he found full of weeds and
-raspberry-trees, and occupied by a fawn giving suck to her kid. He sat
-down upon the rock beneath which he had watched his dying Atala; but there
-was nothing on it beyond a few feathers fallen from the wings of some
-birds of passage.
-</p>
-<p>
-“While he was weeping, the missionary’s tamed serpent issued from the
-neighboring bushes, and came creeping to his feet. Chactas warmed in his
-bosom the faithful friend who had remained alone in the midst of the
-ruins. The son of Outalissi stated that several times, at the approach of
-night, he fancied he saw the shades of Atala and Father Aubry rise out of
-the misty twilight. These visions filled him with religious fear and a
-joyful sadness.
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0040" id="linkimage-0040"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/113s.jpg" alt="113s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/113.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/113m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0041" id="linkimage-0041"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/115s.jpg" alt="115s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/115.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/115m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<p>
-“After having sought the tomb of his sister and of the hermit in vain, he
-was on the point of abandoning the spot, when the fawn from the grotto set
-to leaping in front of him. She stopped at the foot of the Mission cross.
-That cross was then half surrounded by water; the wood of it was covered
-with moss, and the pelican of the wilderness loved to perch upon its
-worm-eaten arms. Chactas judged that the graceful fawn had led him to the
-tomb of his host.
-</p>
-<p>
-“He dug below the rock that had formerly served as an altar, and there
-found the remains of a man and woman. He had no doubt but they were those
-of the priest and of the virgin, buried, perhaps, by the angels in that
-place; so he wrapped them in bear-skins, and started on his way back to
-his country, carrying off the precious remains, which sounded on his
-shoulders like the quiver of death. At night he placed them under his
-pillow, and had dreams of love and of virtue. O stranger! you may here
-contemplate that dust, and also the remains of Chactas himself.”
- </p>
-<p>
-As the Indian finished speaking, I rose, went towards the sacred ashes,
-and prostrated myself before them in silence. I afterwards walked away
-slowly, and with long strides, saying to myself, “Thus ends upon earth all
-that is good, virtuous and feeling! Man, thou art but a rapid and painful
-dream! Thou only existest by misfortune; and if thou art anything at all,
-it is merely by the sadness of thy soul and the eternal melancholy of thy
-thoughts!”
- </p>
-<p>
-I was preoccupied with such reflections all night. The next morning, at
-day-break, my hosts left me. The young warriors opened the march, and
-their wives closed it. The former were charged with the holy relics, the
-latter carried their infants. The old men walked slowly in the middle—placed
-between their forefathers and their posterity, between remembrance and
-hope, between the lost country and the country to be found.
-</p>
-<p>
-O what tears are shed when we thus abandon our native land!—when,
-from the summit of the mountain of exile, we look for the last time upon
-the roof beneath which we were bred, and see the hut-stream still flowing
-sadly through the solitary fields surrounding our birth-place!
-</p>
-<p>
-Unfortunate Indians!—you whom I have seen wandering in the deserts
-of the New World with the ashes of your ancestors;—you who gave me
-hospitality in spite of your misery—I could not now return your
-generosity, for I am wandering, like you, at the mercy of men; but less
-fortunate than you in my exile, I have not brought with me the bones of my
-fathers.
-</p>
-<p>
-<br /><br />
-</p>
-<hr />
-<p>
-<a name="linkimage-0042" id="linkimage-0042"> </a>
-</p>
-<div class="fig" style="width:35%;">
-<img src="images/118s.jpg" alt="118s " width="100%" /><br />
-</div>
-<h4>
-<a href="images/118.jpg"><i>FULL-SIZE</i></a> -- <a href="images/118m.jpg"><i>Medium-Size</i></a>
-</h4>
-<h3>
-THE END.
-</h3>
-<div style="height: 6em;">
-<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-
-End of Project Gutenberg’s Atala, by François Auguste de Chateaubriand
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