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diff --git a/44415-0.txt b/44415-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..177234a --- /dev/null +++ b/44415-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3607 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Robber and hero; the story of the raid on +the First National Bank of Northfield, Minnesota, by the James-Younger +band of robbers, in 1876. by George Huntington + + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no +restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under +the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or +online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license + + + +Title: Robber and hero; the story of the raid on the First National Bank of + Northfield, Minnesota, by the James-Younger band of robbers, in + 1876. + +Author: George Huntington + +Release Date: December 15, 2013 [Ebook #44415] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF‐8 + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ROBBER AND HERO; THE STORY OF THE RAID ON THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF NORTHFIELD, MINNESOTA, BY THE JAMES-YOUNGER BAND OF ROBBERS, IN 1876.*** + + + + + + [JOSEPH LEE HEYWOOD.] + + JOSEPH LEE HEYWOOD. + + + Robber and Hero + + The story of the raid + on the + First National Bank of Northfield, + Minnesota, + By the James-Younger Band of Robbers in 1876 + + The Tragedy in the Bank + The Battle in the Street + The Two-Weeks Pursuit + The Final Capture + + + + + By George Huntington + + + + +Northfield, Minnesota +The Christian Way Company + +1895 + + + + + +PREFACE. + + +Accounts of bank-robberies and other exploits of outlaws and desperadoes +are usually supposed to belong to the criminal-news columns of the daily +paper and to the writer of sensational literature. When the robber is the +only or the principal actor in the scene, and his prowess or brutality the +only feature worth mentioning, the less said of it the better. But when a +great crime is the occasion of great heroism, courage, fidelity, intrepid +resistance, and the triumph of virtue over violence, then there is a story +worth telling, and a lesson worth learning. + +It is such a story that is unfolded in the following pages. The attempted +robbery of the Northfield bank, the refusal of Mr. Heywood to open the +safe, his brutal murder by the baffled robber, the brave and successful +fight made by the citizens, the flight, pursuit and capture of the +bandits,—all this was familiar enough to the whole nation eighteen years +ago. But such events easily pass from the recollection of men; while to a +generation of young people now growing up it has never been known. To some +of us it has seemed, therefore, that the time has come to tell the story +again, not from the sensational point of view, but from that of heroism +and loyalty to duty. + +The aim of the author has been to give a correct account of the facts +involved, and leave them to convey their own lesson and inspiration. +Revolting details have been omitted. All important statements are made +upon the authority of eye-witnesses, where such testimony was accessible, +and in most cases by the collation of a number of independent accounts. + +The author takes pleasure in acknowledging his indebtedness for various +services and courtesies, the loan of photographs, the furnishing of +information, and many valuable aids and suggestions, to the following +persons among others:—Messrs. G. M. Phillips, A. R. Manning, F. J. Wilcox, +S. Trussell, H. S. French, Rev. J. W. Strong, D. D., and Miss M. J. Evans, +of Northfield, Minnesota; Messrs. W. W. Murphy, C. A. Pomeroy, G. A. +Bradford, W. J. McCarthy, of Madelia, Minnesota; Mr. S. J. Severson, of +Brookings, South Dakota; Col. T. L. Vought and Mr. T. L. Vought, Jr., of +La Crosse, Wisconsin; Mr. A. E. Bunker, of Chicago, Illinois; Dr. H. M. +Wheeler, of Grand Forks, North Dakota; Mr. H. M. Serkland, of St. James, +Minnesota; Messrs. S. L. Heywood, of Minneapolis, Minnesota, and J. C. +Heywood, of Alta, Iowa; Hon. W. D. Rice and G. S. Thompson, Esq., of Sioux +City, Iowa; and Marshall W. K. Holmes, of Spokane, Wash. Hearty +acknowledgment is also made of the important assistance derived from Rev. +D. L. Leonard’s funeral discourse on Mr. Heywood, from files of the +Pioneer Press and Tribune of the time of the raid, and from the excellent +and accurate history of it and its related events, entitled “The +Northfield Tragedy,” by Mr. John Jay Lemon. + +It only remains to say that the book herewith presented to the public is +intended both as a memorial of Mr. Heywood and as a tribute to the valor +and heroic endeavor of all those who helped or tried to help in resisting, +pursuing or capturing his assailants and their confederates. Whatever +pecuniary profits may accrue from it sale will be sacredly devoted to the +erection of a monument to the memory of Mr. Heywood. + + + + + +ILLUSTRATIONS + + +JOSEPH LEE HEYWOOD. +BRIDGE SQUARE, NORTHFIELD. (Proposed Location Heywood Monument.) +Bank Floorplan +A. BUNKER. +A. R. MANNING +HENRY M. WHEELER. +THE ROBBERS—KILLED AND CAPTURED. +THE SEVEN CAPTORS. (From Recent Photographs). +THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK, NORTHFIELD, MINN. (1876). +S. J. WILCOX. +THE SEVEN CAPTORS—AS PHOTOGRAPHED IN 1876. +OSCAR SEEBORN. +Brass Tablet in Library Building, Carleton College + + + + + +CONTENTS + + +PREFACE. +CHAPTER I. THE BANDIT SPIES. +CHAPTER II. NORTHFIELD INVADED. +CHAPTER III. IN THE BANK. +CHAPTER IV. ON THE STREET. +CHAPTER V. AFTER THE BATTLE. +CHAPTER VI. PURSUING THE FUGITIVES. +CHAPTER VII. A FAMOUS VICTORY +CHAPTER VIII. THE END OF A BAD ENTERPRISE +CHAPTER IX. THE ROLL OF HONOR. +CHAPTER X. THE HEYWOOD MEMORIAL FUND. + + + + + + +CHAPTER I. THE BANDIT SPIES. + + +In the latter part of August, 1876, a mysterious company of men made their +appearance in southern Minnesota, and proceeded to visit various cities +and villages in that part of the state. There were certainly eight of +them, and possibly nine, some of them hard, vicious-looking fellows, from +whom people instinctively shrank, others gentlemanly, handsome, and even +imposing in personal appearance. They travelled on horseback and rode like +men accustomed to live in the saddle. They had the finest of horses and +equipment, part of it brought with them, the rest purchased after they +entered the state. They had plenty of money and spent it lavishly. In +their progress from place to place they did not go like an organized band, +but wandered here and there, sometimes two by two, sometimes four or five +together. When several of them visited a town together, they went to +different hotels and avoided all appearance of collusion or of common +design. Often they avoided towns and sought entertainment at the houses of +farmers or other citizens, where they found no difficulty in making +themselves agreeable and in giving a plausible account of themselves. +Wherever they went, they attracted more or less attention, excited the +curiosity of the inquisitive, and occasionally the suspicions of the wary; +but upon most people they made the impression of well-bred respectability. +They passed for civil engineers looking up railway routes, for capitalists +in search of land, for stockmen dealing in horses and cattle. Their outfit +and mode of travel made either of these suppositions reasonable, and their +smooth courtesy, affability and apparent frankness were accepted in lieu +of credentials of character. That they were not all that they pretended to +be many people suspected; but that they were a band of outlaws, or rather +a combination of three bands, comprising the most notorious desperadoes in +the country, laying their plans for a great robbery, no one suspected. +Still less did they themselves suspect that their career of crime was so +near its close, or that they were making deliberate plans for their own +destruction. + +Of course they passed under assumed names, introducing themselves as J. C. +King, Jack Ward, etc. It is now known that the band consisted of the +following men: Jesse James and his brother Frank, Thomas C. Younger +(commonly known as Cole Younger) and his brothers James and Robert, Clel +Miller, William Stiles, alias Chadwell, and Charles Pitts, alias Geo. +Wells. Some persons maintain that there was a ninth man, but he has never +been identified, and is commonly believed to be mythical. The eight whose +names are given were all men of criminal antecedents, and some of them +with a record for deeds of the most revolting atrocity; though several of +them were connected with highly respectable families. + +In prospecting for a favorable opening, they visited a number of places, +going as far north as St. Paul and Minneapolis, and as far east as Red +Wing. In each place they made a careful study of the chances for +successful operations in their line and of routes of escape, visiting the +banks on one pretext or another, and familiarizing themselves with all +facts that had any bearing on their scheme. They took special pains to +make themselves acquainted with such features of the country as would aid +or hinder them in going and coming on their intended raid; as, for +instance, the location of lakes, streams, swamps or forests, on the one +hand, and that of roads, bridges and fords, on the other. The situation +and the resources of villages, the extent of country population, and the +nationality and character of the people also interested them. With the aid +of maps, printed statements and minute inquiries, they succeeded in +gaining a large amount of information, without betraying their +purpose,—information which they found exceedingly convenient at a later +day. They also had the advantage of being to a certain extent personally +conducted. Stiles, one of their number, had formerly lived in Rice county, +and was therefore able to act as a sort of guide for the expedition, if, +indeed, he was not, as some think, its instigator. Their reliance upon +him, however, proved in the end, as we shall see, a source of danger +rather than of safety. + +Finding nothing to their mind in the great cities, they turned their +attention to a group of country towns lying farther south, including St. +Peter, Mankato, Lake Crystal, Madelia, St. James, Garden City, Janesville, +Cordova, Waterville, Millersburg, Cannon City and Northfield. These, +again, divide themselves into two smaller groups, having direct or +indirect relation to the two points of attack selected by the robbers, and +all of them being on or near a diagonal line, extending about thirty or +forty miles southwest and about forty or fifty miles northeast of Mankato. + +Having completed their preliminary survey, they prepared for their grand +exploit. Their first project was the robbery of one or more of the banks +of Mankato, a thriving town at the great bend of the Minnesota River. Five +of the band appeared in Mankato on Saturday, September 2nd, and, as usual, +created a sensation with their fine horses and horsemanship. They made +purchases at some of the stores, and paid a visit to the First National +Bank, where they got change for a fifty dollar bill. According to their +custom, they stayed at different hotels, at least four of them did, while +the fifth sought some other resort not identified. On Sunday night two of +them were known to be at a notorious resort on the opposite side of the +river, a rendezvous of the lowest criminals, where, as is believed, they +were in consultation with confederates with reference to their intended +raid and subsequent escape. Meantime, Jesse James had been recognized by a +man who knew him by sight, and the fact was reported to the police who +shadowed the men until midnight, and put some of the bank people on their +guard against possible burglaries; though no one anticipated an open +attack by daylight. + +On Monday, the 4th, the robbers mounted their horses and rode forth to +their intended attack. Their plan was to make it about noon, when the bank +force would be reduced and the streets would be most free of citizens. +They had already arrived opposite the First National Bank, when they +noticed a number of citizens on the sidewalk, and saw one of them +apparently calling another’s attention to the approaching horsemen. The +robbers, fearing that they were suspected and watched, deferred the attack +till a later hour. On returning, however, they saw the same citizens +again, seeming, as before, to be keeping close watch upon the strangers. +Convinced now that their purpose was discovered and that the citizens were +prepared for them, the robbers abandoned their project and left Mankato as +speedily as possible. The truth was that they were at that moment the +object of no suspicion whatever. The regular weekly meeting of the Board +of Trade, and some repairs on an adjoining building, had called together +the unusual number of persons whom the robbers observed, and the man who +was supposed to be directing his companion’s attention to the bandits was +simply remarking upon the fine quality of their horses. No doubt, however, +the presence of so large a number of spectators would have seriously +embarrassed the gang in beginning operations. As it was, they sensed just +as good a purpose in repelling the attack as if they had been a company of +armed militia on duty. + + + + + +CHAPTER II. NORTHFIELD INVADED. + + +Abandoning Mankato, the robbers now moved upon Northfield as directly as +roads and available stopping-places would permit. Monday night found them +in Janesville, eighteen miles east of Mankato; Tuesday night in Cordova, +about the same distance north of Janesville; Wednesday night in +Millersburg, northeast of Cordova. The rest of the band spent the same +Wednesday night in Cannon City. Millersburg is eleven miles west of +Northfield, Cannon City ten miles south. + +Northfield is a quiet but enterprising little city, in the heart of a rich +and well cultivated agricultural region which is tributary to it. It has +good railroad facilities; and the Cannon River, flowing through the town, +affords power for its mills and adds a picturesque feature to its scenery. +A bridge crosses the river in the centre of the town, connecting its +eastern and its western divisions, and leading, on the eastern side, into +an open space known as Bridge Square, where many of the stores are to be +found. On the eastern side of the Square runs Division Street, the +principal business street of the city, along the foot of a bluff some +fifty feet in height, ascended by various streets, and crowned with +residences, churches and educational buildings. Prominent among the public +edifices are those of Carleton College, in the northeastern part of the +city; while St. Olaf surmounts a high eminence in the northwestern. An +observant stranger, entering the city for the first time, could hardly +fail to get the impression of intelligence, thrift and commercial +enterprise. This was precisely the impression made upon the robbers; and +it was this impression which led them to select Northfield as a field of +operations. + + [BRIDGE SQUARE, NORTHFIELD. (Proposed Location Heywood Monument.)] + + BRIDGE SQUARE, NORTHFIELD. (Proposed Location Heywood Monument.) + + +Ten or twelve days before the final attempt upon the bank, two members of +the band had visited the town for a preliminary survey. They conversed +with citizens, as their custom was, making inquiries about roads, etc., +particularly about the route to Mankato, and awakened the suspicion of at +least one or two of the citizens as to the truth of their pretension. They +found a bank doing a large business, and presumably carrying a large +volume of cash; and they saw the people quiet and industrious, and +presumably neither prepared nor disposed to meet force with force. What +plans they then formed for the subsequent raid it is impossible to say; +but it is certain that they were no sooner foiled in Mankato than they +started for Northfield. + +As we have already seen, the two divisions of the band spent the night of +Wednesday, September 6th, in neighboring villages, within easy reach of +their next day’s destination. Early on the morning of Thursday, the 7th, +they took up their march along the roads converging upon Northfield, +meeting in the woods west of the town. In the course of the forenoon, some +of them appeared upon the streets and in the stores, where two of them +were recognized as the same two that had made the previous visit of +inspection already referred to. They all wore linen dusters, a garment +much more common with the traveler in those days than in our own, and one +that seemed entirely suitable for the sultry weather then prevailing, +while it served to conceal the pistols and cartridge-belts, with which the +robbers were so liberally supplied. Five of the men dined together at a +restaurant on the west side of the river, waiting contentedly for their +dinner to be cooked, conversing with the proprietor on politics and other +indifferent subjects, and, after they had finished their meal, still +delaying unaccountably, probably to give time for the arrival of the rest +of their accomplices. Finally they remounted their horses and rode over +the bridge. + +It is difficult, and, so far as the present writer is concerned, +impossible, after the most painstaking study of all available sources of +information, to determine the exact order of events at the opening of the +attack. No one observer followed all the preliminary movement of the +robbers. One person noticed one thing and another another; and each +depended more or less upon hearsay for items not within his personal +knowledge. The similarity of dress already referred to made it difficult +to distinguish the robbers from one another; while the wild excitement +which soon ensued gave little opportunity for careful observation. With no +attempt to reconcile conflicting statements, therefore, which happily +differ only in unimportant details, this narrative will confine itself to +those facts upon which all witnesses agree. + +The scene of the robbery and the movements of the robbers may be easily +understood from the accompanying cut. The center of operations was the +Corner of Bridge Square and Division Street. On this corner stood a +two-story stone building known as the Scriver Block. Its upper story was +used for offices, and was reached by an outside stairway on Division +Street. The larger part of the lower story was occupied by two stores, +ranging north and south, and having their front entrances on the northern +Bridge Square side. At the extreme southern end of the building, and +having its entrance on the eastern or Division Street side, was the object +of attack, the First National Bank. On the western side of the block ran a +narrow alley, affording rear entrances to the stores and the bank. West of +the alley, and fronting on the square, were two hardware stores whose +respective proprietors were leading actors in the scene that followed,—J. +S. Allen and A. R. Manning. On the eastern side of Division Street, +opposite the Scriver Block, were a hotel and a number of stores, in front +of one of which stood a young man who was also to have a prominent part in +the coming affray,—Mr. H. M. Wheeler, then at home on a vacation from his +medical studies in Michigan University. + +As has been previously stated, the robber band comprised three +subdivisions,—the two James brothers, the three Younger brothers, and +three odd ones,—Miller, Pitts and Stiles. In their active operations +another threefold division was adopted, each of the squads containing one +of the Younger brothers and one of the odd ones, and two of them +containing one of the James brothers. That is there were two trios and one +couple. Of these, one trio was detailed to commit the robbery, while the +couple cooperated with them on Division Street, and the other trio acted +as a rear guard on Bridge Square, the direction in which the band intended +to retreat. + +It was about 2 o’clock in the afternoon that the first trio, consisting of +Pitts, Bob Younger and, it is believed, one of the James brothers, came +over the bridge, and crossing the Square from northwest to southeast, +dismounted in front of the bank, throwing their bridle reins over some +hitching posts beside the street. They then sauntered to the Corner and +lounged upon some dry-goods boxes in front of the store (Lee and +Hitchcock’s) assuming an air of indifference, and whittling the boxes, +like the most commonplace loafers. Presently the two horsemen constituting +the second detail entered Division Street from the south, and rode toward +the bank. They were Cole Younger and Clel Miller. Upon their approach the +three men at the corner walked back to the door of the bank and went in. +Miller, dismounting in front of the door, left his horse unhitched, went +to the door and looked in, and then, closing it, walked back and forth +before it. Younger dismounted in the middle of the street, where he made a +pretense of tightening his saddle-girth. + +By this time the attention of several citizens had been attracted to the +maneuvers of the robbers. Word had been brought that nine men on horseback +had been seen coming out of the woods southwest of the city; and the +presence of so many strange horsemen on the street began to awaken +uneasiness. Yet when some expressed these fears, they were laughed at by +others, and assured that the men were merely cattle-buyers on a legitimate +business tour. + +Among those whose suspicions had been especially aroused were Dr. Wheeler +and Mr. J. S. Allen, already referred to. Dr. Wheeler was sitting under an +awning in front of his father’s store on the east side of Division Street +when the men entered the street; and as their actions seemed to him to +indicate some mischievous intent, he rose and moved along the sidewalk +till he was opposite them. Mr. Allen was on the other side of the street; +and when he saw the three men enter the bank, he attempted to follow them +in. He was instantly seized by Miller, who had been placed there for that +purpose, and who, drawing his revolver, and pouring forth a volley of +oaths, ordered Allen to stand back, and warned him on peril of his life +not to utter a word. Allen jerked away from the ruffian’s grasp, and ran +back to and around the corner toward his store, shouting in a voice that +resounded blocks away, “Get your guns, boys! They’re robbing the bank!” +At the same time Dr. Wheeler had stepped into the street, and was +shouting, “Robbery! Robbery!” his alarm being at once justified and +intensified by the round of pistol shots within the bank. + +Upon this, Miller and Younger sprang into their saddles, ordering Wheeler +back, with oaths and threats, and firing one or two shots over his head, +to intimidate him and to give notice to their confederates that their game +was discovered. Then the two robbers began riding up and down Division +Street, at their utmost speed, shooting right and left, with horrible +oaths calling upon every one they saw to “get in”—an order that was obeyed +with pretty general promptness and unanimity. At the same time the three +men near the bridge took up the same tactics, and came dashing across the +Square, shooting and shouting like their comrades, whom they joined on +Division Street. Wherever they saw a head, out of doors or at a window, +they sent a shower of balls. The air was filled with the sounds of the +fray, the incessant bang bang of the heavy revolvers, the whistling of +bullets, the crashing of glass and the chorus of wild yells and +imprecations. The first intention of the robbers was not to kill anyone, +but to strike terror into the mind of the people, and, by driving +everybody from the streets, to give the men in the bank time to work, to +prevent any attempt at interference, and to secure themselves an +unobstructed line of retreat. Strange to say, during this part of the +affray, though the robbers kept up a constant fusilade from their +revolvers, but one person was shot,—a Scandinavian who could not +understand English, and who was fatally wounded while persistently +remaining on the street. + + [Bank Floorplan] + + Bank Floorplan + + + + + +CHAPTER III. IN THE BANK. + + +Meantime, a very different scene was enacted within the bank, where the +first trio of robbers were dealing with a trio of bank employes as +resolute as themselves. These were Mr. A. E. Bunker, teller, Mr. J. L. +Heywood, book-keeper and Mr. F. J. Wilcox, assistant book-keeper. The +cashier, Mr. G. M. Phillips, being out of the state, Mr. Heywood was +acting cashier. The bank was at the time occupying temporary quarters, not +arranged with reference to emergencies of this kind. A counter, +constructed somewhat like an ordinary office or store counter, extended +across two sides, between the lobby and the interior of the room. This was +surmounted for nearly its entire length by a high railing containing glass +panels; but in the angle between the two sections of the counter there was +an open space, entirely unprotected, wide enough for a man to pass +through. + +When the three robbers entered the bank the employes were busy at their +tasks, and had no suspicion of approaching danger. Mr. Bunker, the teller, +hearing footsteps in the lobby, and supposing that some customer had +entered, turned from his work to wait upon him, coming to the open space +before referred to. There three revolvers were pointing at him, and he was +peremptorily ordered to throw up his hands. His first impression was that +one of his friends were playing a practical joke upon him. Before he had +time to comprehend the situation, the three robbers had climbed over the +counter, and covering him and his associates with their revolvers, +commanded them to hold up their hands. + +“We’re going to rob this bank,” said one of the men. “Don’t any of you +holler. We’ve got forty men outside.” Then, with a flourish of his +revolver, he pointed to Heywood and said, “Are you the cashier?” + +“No,”, replied Heywood. + +The same question was put to Bunker and to Wilcox, each of whom made the +same reply. + +“You are the cashier,” said the robber, turning upon Heywood, who was +sitting at the cashier’s desk, and who appeared to be the oldest of the +employes. “Open that safe —— quick, or I’ll blow your head off.” + +A second robber—Pitts—then ran to the vault and stepped inside, whereupon +Heywood, who had risen to his feet, followed him and attempted to close +the door. He was instantly dragged back, and the two robbers, thrusting +their revolvers in his face, said, “Open that safe, now, or you haven’t +but a minute to live,” accompanying their threats with oaths. + +“There is a time lock on,” Heywood replied, “and it cannot be opened now.” + +“That’s a lie!” retorted the robbers, again repeatedly demanding, with +threats and profanity, that the safe be opened, and dragging Heywood +roughly about the room. + +Finally, seeming to realize what desperate men he was dealing with, +Heywood shouted, “Murder! Murder!” Whereupon one of the robbers struck +him a terrible blow on the head with a revolver, felling him to the floor. +Pitts then drew a knife from his pocket, and opening it, said, “Let’s cut +his —— throat,” and made a feint of doing so, inflicting a slight wound on +Heywood’s neck as he lay helpless upon the floor. The two men then dragged +him from where he lay, at the rear of his desk, back to the door of the +vault, still demanding that he open the safe. Occasionally also they +turned from him to Bunker and Wilcox, pointing their revolvers at them and +calling on them to “Unlock that safe.” To this demand the young men +answered that they could not unlock the safe. The statement was true, +though in a sense quite different from that in which the robbers +understood it. The reason that they could not unlock it was that it was +unlocked already. The door was closed and the bolts were shot into place, +but the combination dial was not turned. This was one of the humors of the +situation, but one which those in the secret were not in a position to +enjoy. As a last resort for coercing Heywood, who was still lying on the +floor, in but a partially conscious condition, Pitts placed his revolver +close to Heywood’s head and fired. The bullet passed into the vault and +through a tin box containing jewelry and papers left by some customer for +safe keeping. This was the first shot fired in the bank, and its futility +well foretokened the failure of the whole effort. + + [A. BUNKER.] + + A. BUNKER. + + +While Bunker and Wilcox received occasional attention from Heywood’s +assailants, their special custodian was Bob Younger. As Bunker had his pen +in his hand when first ordered to hold up his hands, it remained for a +time poised in the air. When he made an effort to lay it down, Younger, +noticing the movement, and thinking it an attempt to reach a weapon, +sprang at Bunker, and thrusting his revolver into his face, said, “Hear, +put up your hands and keep ’em up, or I’ll kill you!” Then, to hold his +prisoners more completely under his control, he compelled them both to get +down on their knees under the counter. All the robbers were very much +excited, and increasingly so as they found themselves baffled and +resisted. Younger would point his pistol first at one of the young men and +then at the other, turning from time to time to search among the papers on +the desk, or to open a drawer in quest of valuables. + +While still on his knees, Bunker remembered a revolver kept on a shelf +under the teller’s window, and edged toward the place in hope of reaching +it. Turning his head that way while Younger’s back was toward him, his +movement was instantly detected by Pitts, who leaped before him, and +seizing the pistol, put it in his own pocket, remarking, “You needn’t try +to get hold of that. You couldn’t do any thing with that little derringer, +anyway.” It is no doubt fortunate that Bunker did not succeed in reaching +the weapon, as he would almost certainly have been shot down by the robbers +before he could use it. The pistol was found upon Pitts at the time of his +capture and death. + +Bunker now rose to his feet, intending to make some effort to escape or to +give an alarm. As he did so, Younger turned to him and said, “Where’s the +money outside the safe? Where’s the cashier’s till?” Bunker showed him a +partitioned box on the counter, containing some small change and +fractional currency; but did not call his attention to a drawer beneath +the counter, containing $3,000 in bills. Again ordering Bunker to get down +on his knees and keep his hands up, Younger drew from under his coat a +grain-sack, which he began to fill from the box. Presently he turned again +to Bunker, and finding him on his feet, he said, with a wicked look and +with an outburst of horrible profanity, “There’s more money than that out +here. Where’s that cashier’s till? And what in —— are you standing up for? +I told you to keep down.” Seizing Bunker, and forcing him to the floor, +Younger pressed the muzzle of his revolver against Bunker’s temple and +said, “Show me where that money is, you —— —— —— or I’ll kill you!” +Receiving no answer, he left Bunker and renewed his search for the money. + +Bunker once more regained his feet, and taking advantage of a moment when +the robber’s face was turned, he dashed past Wilcox, into and through the +directors’ room, to the rear door, then closed with blinds fastened on the +inside. His intention was to enter the rear of Manning’s hardware store, +on the other side of the alley, and give the alarm. He knew nothing yet of +what was going on in the street, and he believed Heywood to be dead from +the effect of the pistol shot apparently aimed at his head. + +The first of the robbers to notice the escape was Pitts, whose eyes seemed +to be everywhere at once, and who was then with Heywood in front of the +vault. Before he had time to shoot, however, Bunker was out of his range +around the corner of the vault, and making for the door. With a mad yell +Pitts bounded after the fugitive, and coming in sight of him, fired as he +ran, the ball whizzing past Bunker’s ear and through the blind in front of +him. Bunker threw his weight against the blinds, bursting them open, +plunged down a flight of outside steps, and had nearly reached the rear +entrance of the next building when he was again fired upon by Pitts. This +time the ball hit its mark, passing through the right shoulder, near the +joint, barely missing the sub-clavian artery, and coming out just below +the collar-bone. As he felt the sting and shock of the wound, he stumbled; +but keeping his feet, and not knowing how badly he might be wounded, he +ran on across a vacant lot and around to a surgeon’s office in the next +block. Pitts gave up the chase and returned to his companions in the bank, +but only to hear one of their confederates on the outside shout, “The game +is up! Better get out, boys. They’re killing all our men.” Hearing this, +the three robbers sprang through the teller’s window and rushed into the +street. As the last one climbed over the counter, he turned toward poor +Heywood, who had gotten upon his feet and was staggering toward his desk, +and deliberately shot him through the head. The act was without +provocation or excuse, and was afterwards denounced by others of the gang +as “a fool act,” though others still made an absurd attempt to justify it +on the ground of self-defense. It was a piece of cowardly revenge on the +part of a ruffian who was made desperate by defeat, and who, as was +evident throughout the entire scene in the bank, was badly under the +influence of liquor. + + [A. R. MANNING] + + A. R. MANNING + + + + + +CHAPTER IV. ON THE STREET. + + +The battle in the street was now at its height, and the spirit in which it +was waged on the part of the citizens showed how grossly the robbers had +mistaken the mettle of the people with whom they had to deal. The +community was taken by surprise and at a great disadvantage. It was at the +height of the prairie-chicken season, and a majority of the men who had +guns were away in the field. The excellent hunting in the neighborhood had +drawn many sportsmen from the larger cities, accustoming the people to the +presence of strangers, while they had no reason to expect a hostile +invasion. When the mounted bandits on Bridge Square and Division Street +began riding and shooting, the first impression was that of surprise. Some +thought it the reckless fun of drunken scapegraces. Some took the riders +to be the attaches of a traveling show, advertising their performance. +When the bullets began to fly about people’s ears, and the character of +the invaders became evident, every body was stunned and dazed, and there +was a general scramble for shelter. But the next moment there was an +equally prompt rally of brave men to repel the attack. + +Dr. Wheeler, who had been one of the first to give the alarm, and who had +been driven from the street by the imprecations and bullets of the +robbers, hastened to the drug-store where he usually kept his gun. +Remembering as he went that he had left it at the house, he did not +slacken his pace, but kept on through the store, heading first for the +house of a neighbor, where he hoped a weapon might be found, but on second +thought turning into the Dampier Hotel, close at hand, where he remembered +to have seen one. There, instead of the fowling-piece he looked for, he +found an old army carbine, for which, with the help of Mr. Dampier the +clerk, three cartridges were discovered in another part of the house. All +this was so quickly done, that he was at a second-story chamber window, +with his gun loaded, in time for the beginning of the fight. + + [HENRY M. WHEELER.] + + HENRY M. WHEELER. + + +Meantime Mr. Allen, who had also sounded so prompt and vigorous an alarm, +ran to his store where he had a number of guns, and loading them with such +ammunition as came to his hand, gave them to anybody who would take them. +One of them was taken by Mr. Elias Stacy, who used it to good purpose in +the battle that followed. + +As Mr. Allen went to his own store, he had passed that of Mr. Manning, to +whom he shouted his warning concerning the robbers. Up to this time +Manning had no suspicion of what was going on. One of the robbers had been +in the store in the forenoon, looking about and pretending he wanted to +buy a gun. He was a genteel, well-dressed fellow, and Manning supposed him +to be some stranger who had come to Northfield to hunt; though he did not +believe that he wanted any gun, and thought there was something wrong +about him. Even when the three horsemen dashed through the Square so +noisily and belligerently, he thought little of it. But when he heard +Allen’s shout, and made out the words “Robbing the Bank,” he recalled what +he had seen and the meaning of it all flashed upon his mind. Abruptly +leaving the customer he was serving, he rushed for a weapon, thinking hard +and fast. Pistols? No, they would be of little account, His shotgun? +Yes—No; he had left all his loaded cartridges at home. His breach-loading +rifle! That was the thing; and here it was in the window; and there in a +pigeon-hole of his desk were the cartridges, where they had been +carelessly thrown months before. All this came to him without an instant’s +loss of time. He forgot nothing and he made no mistakes. Stripping the +rifle of its cover, and seizing a handful of cartridges, he hurried to the +scene of battle, loading as he ran. + +The scene on the street is indescribable. People had not only made haste +to get out of the way of the leaden hail-storm that had burst forth, but +had also taken measures to protect themselves and their property against +the raiders, whose intention was believed to be not only to rob the bank +but to pillage the entire town. Stores and offices were hastily closed. +The postmaster, Capt. H. S. French, who chanced to have an exceptionally +heavy registered mail on hand that day, hastened to lock it in the safe +and close the Office. Jewelers and others who had valuable and portable +stock pursued a similar course. The news of the invasion, emphasized by +the sound of the shooting, spread swiftly through the town. Warning was +sent to the public school and to Carleton College to keep the students off +the streets. The general impression was that the town was in possession of +a horde of robbers, numbering nobody knew how many, and coming nobody knew +whence, and bent on ruthless plunder, nobody knew to what extent. + +The scene of the actual conflict was that part of Division Street on which +the bank faced, and scarcely a full block in length. Here the five mounted +robbers went riding back and forth, up one side of the street and down the +other, doing their utmost with voice and arms to keep up the reign of +terror which they had begun. The citizens whom they had driven in were +looking for weapons, and the bolder ones were coming back, some armed and +some unarmed, around the margin of the field. Capt. French, having made +Uncle Sam’s property as secure as possible, stood in front of the locked +door, wondering where he could soonest find a gun. Justice Streater and ex +policeman Elias Hobbs stepped out into the Square, empty handed but +undaunted, and determined to do something by way of resistance to the +invasion. A few were so fortunate as to have not only the courage but the +means for an armed defence. Mr. Stacy, already referred to, came out with +a fowling-piece, and confronting Miller, just as the latter was mounting +his horse, fired at his head. The fine bird shot marked the robber’s face, +and the force of the charge knocked him back from the saddle, but +inflicted no serious wound. There was a poetic justice in the incident, as +it was Allen, whom Miller had seized and threatened at the bank, who owned +and loaded the gun, and sent it out in the hands of his neighbor to draw +first blood from the very man that had assaulted its owner. + +Later on in the battle Messrs. J. B. Hyde, Ross Phillips and James Gregg +also did their best with similar weapons, and it was not their fault that +the shotguns they used upon the bandits were inadequate to the occasion. +Mr. Hobbs, who had no weapon at all, fell back upon more primitive +methods, and at the height of the fray came on shouting, “Stone ’em! Stone +’em!” and suiting the action to the word, and choosing not “smooth stones +from the brook,” but big and formidable missiles, more fit for the hand of +Goliath than for the sling of David, hurled rocks and curses at the enemy, +and not without effect. Col. Streater also joined in this mode of warfare, +which, if not the most effective, certainly evinced a high a degree of +courage as they could have shown in the the use of the most approved +weapon. Other citizens, too, took a hand in the affair, as opportunity +offered, and some of them had narrow escape from the bullets with which +the robbers responded to their attentions. + +But while there was no lack of good intentions on the part of others, it +was the two men with rifles, Manning and Wheeler, who were able to do real +execution upon the enemy, and finally to put them to rout. We go back, +therefore, to the moment when Manning came running from his store with the +rifle in his hand. Taking in the situation at a glance, and intent only +upon getting at the robbers, he stepped out into the open street, and amid +a shower of bullets, coolly looked for his game. Before him stood the +horses of the men who were still in the bank, and over the heads of the +horses he saw the heads of two men, upon whom he instantly drew a bead. +The men ducked behind the horse, whereupon Manning, without lowering his +gun, changed his aim and shot the nearest horse, rightly judging that this +would cripple the band almost as effectually as shooting the men. He then +dropped back around the corner to reload; but finding to his chagrin that +the breach-lever would not throw out the empty shell, he was obliged to go +back to the store and get a ramrod with which to dislodge it, thus losing +valuable time. The interruption proved a good thing for him, however, +moderating his excitement and rashness, and preparing him to do better +execution. Soon he was at the corner again. Peering around the corner, he +saw one of the robbers between the horses and the bank door, and fired at +him. The ball grazed the edge of a post, deflecting it slightly; but it +found Cole Younger, wounding him in a vulnerable though not vital place. +Again Manning dropped back to reload. The shell gave him no trouble this +time, and he was quickly at his post once more. As he looked cautiously +around the corner, he saw Stiles sitting on his horse, some seventy-five +or eighty yards away, apparently doing sentry duly in that part of the +street. Manning took deliberate aim at him—so deliberate as to excite the +impatience and call forth the protests of some who were near him—and +fired, shooting the man through the heart. Manning, as before, stepped +back to reload, the robber fell from his saddle, dead, and the horse ran +to a livery-stable around the corner. + +While these things were going on, Dr. Wheeler was not idle. His first shot +was at the head of Jim Younger, who was riding by. The gun carried high, +and the ball struck the ground beyond him. Younger looked first at the +spot where it struck, and then turned to see where it came from, but did +not discover the sharp-shooter at the window above him. Wheeler’s next +shot was at Clel Miller, whom Stacy had already peppered with bird-shot. +The bullet passed through his body almost precisely as Pitts’ bullet had +passed through Bunker’s; but in this case the great artery was severed and +almost instant death ensued. Wheeler’s third and last cartridge had fallen +upon the floor, bursting the paper of which it was made, and spilling the +powder. Hurrying in search of more, he met his friend Dampier coming with +a fresh supply. + +The robbers were now badly demoralized. Their shooting had been wild and +fruitless. They had lost two men and a horse killed; a third man was +wounded; two riderless horses had escaped from them, and an armed force +had cut off their proposed line of retreat. It was at this juncture that +Cole Younger rode to the door of the bank and shouted to the men inside to +come out, which they made all haste to do. Two of the men mounted their +horses, which still stood before the door. There was no horse for Bob +Younger, and he was compelled to fight on foot. + +By this time Manning and Wheeler had both reloaded, and returned to their +places. As Manning showed himself, ready to renew the battle, Bob Younger +came running toward him down the sidewalk. Manning raised his rifle to +shoot at the approaching robber, and at the same instant Younger drew his +revolver to shoot Manning. In the effort to get out of each other’s range, +Younger dodged under the outside stairway of the Scriver Block, while +Manning stood at the corner beyond it. The stairs were thus between them, +and neither of them could get a shot at the other without exposing himself +to the fire of his adversary. For a time they kept up a game of hide and +seek, each trying in vain to catch the other off his guard and get the +first shot. At this point Wheeler, though he could but imperfectly see +Younger’s body beneath the stair, took a shot at him. The ball struck the +robber’s elbow, shattering the bone. He then coolly changed his pistol to +his left hand and continued his efforts to shoot Manning. + +It then occurred to Manning that by running around through the store he +might reach the street on the other side of the robber, and so drive him +from his hiding-place. This plan he instantly put in execution. At the +same moment Wheeler was engaged in reloading his gun. But the robbers had +their plans, too, and took advantage of this momentary lull to make their +escape. Bob Younger sprang from his hiding-place and ran up Division +street, where he mounted behind his brother Cole; and the entire band,—or +at least what was left of it, turned and fled. Wheeler returned to his +window and Manning emerged upon the sidewalk only to find that their game +had flown. Even then there was an excellent chance for long-range +shooting; but the intervening distance was immediately filled with people, +making it impossible to shoot without endangering innocent lives. + +This battle between desperados and peaceful citizens has well been cited +as proof that the prowess, courage and dead-shot skill at arms commonly +ascribed to the border ruffian are largely imaginary. On the one side was +a band of heavily armed and thoroughly trained and organized banditti, +carrying out a carefully made plan, in their own line of business, after +weeks of preparation. On the other side was a quiet, law-abiding +community, unused to scenes of violence, taken utterly by surprise and at +a fearful disadvantage, with no adequate means of defence except two +long-disused rifles in out-of-the-way places, and one of them on the +retired army list. Yet the banditti were beaten at their own game, and +their courage lasted only while the odds were in their favor. As to +marksmanship, they were vastly outdone by their citizen opponents. +Excepting the cold-blooded murder of a defenceless spectator, they did not +in the entire fight fire one effective shot. It is said that at least +thirty shots were fired at Manning alone; yet he escaped without a +scratch. + +In the bank, heroism of another order had displayed itself. Without the +excitement of open battle, or the stimulus of numbers, and without the +slightest means or opportunity for defence, the three unarmed young men +balked the three armed ruffians who held them in their power, meeting +threats and violence with passive resistance, and in the face of death +itself refusing to yield one jot to the demands of their assailants. + +The brunt of this unequal contest fell upon poor Heywood. How he met it +has been already related. Threatened, assaulted, dragged about, brutally +struck down, menaced with the knife, ostensibly shot at, he could not be +persuaded or bullied into surrendering his trust or becoming the +accomplice of robbers. It is interesting to know that before this ordeal +came to him he had been led to ask himself what he would do in such an +emergency, and had made up his mind that he would under no circumstances +give up the property of his employers. His steadfast resistance to the +robbers’ demands, therefore, was not due to a hesitating policy, or to the +mere obstinate impulse of the moment, but was the result of a deliberate +purpose and conviction of duty. The fatal cost of his fidelity was +something which he could not have failed to take account of all along, as +the most probable end of a struggle with such desperate men as he was +dealing with. At a time when we hear so often that persons in similar +circumstances have been compelled to unlock vaults or to open safes at the +dictation of robbers, there is a wholesome tonic in the example of a man +who proved that there is not in the whole world of criminal force a power +that can overcome one brave man who chooses at all hazards to do his duty. + + + + + +CHAPTER V. AFTER THE BATTLE. + + +The battle was over. So swift had been its movement, so rapidly had its +events followed one another, that it was done before people beyond its +immediate vicinity knew that it had begun. From its opening to its closing +shot it had occupied but seven minutes. But it had been as decisive as it +was brief. The object of the attack had failed. The funds of the bank were +intact. Six of the robbers were in flight, two of them wounded. In front +of the bank lay the dead horse, the first victim of the fight. Near by was +the body of Clel Miller, and a half-block away, on the other side of the +street, that of Stiles. Of the three deaths, that of the horse alone moved +the pity of the spectators. On every hand were shattered windows, the work +of the vicious revolvers; while hitching-posts, doors, window-frames and +store-fronts were scored with bullets. Heywood lay on the bank-floor, +where he had fallen at the post of duty. Bunker was in the hands of the +surgeons. All the bells of the town had been set ringing. People came +hurrying to the scene from every direction. Excited preparations were +making to pursue the escaping robbers. + +The scenes that followed showed that there were heroines as well as heroes +in the community. While the first wild rumors of the affair were rife, and +it was believed that scores of marauders had invaded the town, and that +general pillage might be expected, ladies went to the public school and to +the girls’ dormitory of Carleton College, to give warning of the impending +danger. One of the teachers in the public school was the wife of Mr. +Bunker, the wounded teller. From different sources she received +information first that he was wounded and then that he was killed. +Crediting the least alarming statement, she first made arrangements for +the care of her pupils, and then started to find her husband. Fortunately +she met a friend with a carriage, who took her to the doctor’s office +where Mr. Bunker was receiving surgical care. Mrs. Heywood’s first +intimation of her husband’s death was received by accident, and in a +painfully abrupt manner. Being at her house on the west side of the river, +at a considerable distance from the scene of the tragedy, she chanced to +hear one neighbor shout the news to another across the street. President +Strong of Carleton College had already started at the request of friends, +to break the intelligence to her, when he learned that his errand was +needless. The body was placed in a carriage and supported in the arms of +President Strong, while it was driven to the Heywood residence. Mrs. +Heywood showed herself worthy to be the wife of such a man. She bore the +awful blow with the greatest calmness; and when she heard how he met his +death, she said, “I would not have had him do otherwise.” + +The dead robbers received attentions of quite another sort. The two bodies +were placed in an empty granary, where they remained during the night. The +news of the raid had been telegraphed all over the country; and the +evening trains brought crowds of curious people, eager to see and hear +everything pertaining to the affair. The next day the number of visitors +was so largely increased and the desire to see the dead bandits was so +great, that the bodies were brought out into the open square, which was +soon packed with people. Among the visitors from other town were sheriffs, +police officers and private citizens who had come to join in the pursuit +of the escaped robbers. + + [THE ROBBERS—KILLED AND CAPTURED.] + + THE ROBBERS—KILLED AND CAPTURED. + + +That afternoon the county coroner, Dr. Waugh of Faribault, held an inquest +on the three bodies, and a verdict was found according to the facts: “That +J. L. Heywood came to his death by a pistol-shot fired by an unknown man +who was attempting to rob the First National Bank of Northfield;” “That +the two unknown men came to their death by the discharge of firearms in +the hands of our citizen in self-defence, and in protecting the property +of the First National Bank of Northfield.” + +The grief and indignation over the death of Mr. Heywood were intense. He +was a man greatly respected in the community, was prominent in church and +business life, and at the time of his death was the City Treasurer and +also the Treasurer of Carleton College. On Sunday, the 10th of September, +two funeral services in honor of the murdered man were held in Northfield. +In the morning came the public service in High-School Hall, the largest +auditorium in the city. The place was packed, notwithstanding the +excessive rain and mud then prevailing. The introductory exercises were +conducted by the Rev. Messrs. Gossard and Utter, the pastors of the +Methodist and the Baptist churches, and the funeral address was delivered +by the Rev. D. L. Leonard, pastor of the Congregational Church, the +regular church services of the day being omitted. The admirable address of +Mr. Leonard has been preserved in a neat pamphlet, entitled, “Funeral +Discourse on Joseph Lee Heywood,” published by Johnson and Smith, +Minneapolis, and is a valuable contribution to the literature of this +subject. As much of its biographical and historical matter is +substantially covered by the present narrative, it need not be reproduced; +but some extracts relating to Mr. Heywood’s personal character may +properly be quoted, as showing the estimation in which he was held by one +who not only knew him well, but was voicing the sentiments of the +community to which and for which he spoke. + +“Mr. Heywood was, beyond most men, modest and timid. He shrank from the +public gaze; and, considering his high gifts and his standing in the +community, he was retiring almost to a fault. He set a low estimate upon +himself. He would not own to himself, did not even seem to know, that he +was lovable and well-beloved. He courted no praise and sought no reward. +Honors must come to him unsought if they came at all. He would be easily +content to toil on, out of sight and with service unrecognized, but in +every transaction he must be conscientious through and through, and do +each hour to the full the duties of the hour”. + +“Yes, something such a one as this walked our streets, worshipped in our +assemblies, and bore his share of our public burdens, for ten years. And +so dull is human appreciation, that had he ended his days after the +ordinary fashion of humanity, it is to be feared his worth had never been +widely known. But not so now, since, as I may almost say, in the sight of +thousands he has been translated that he should not see death, and was +caught up from earth to heaven as in a chariot of fire. Surely we cannot +forget that spectacle to our dying day. The glory of his departure will +cast back a halo of glory over all his career. We shall re-read the +record, as he made it, with sharpened vision. Besides, some of the virtues +in which he excelled, such as integrity, moral courage, steadfastness in +pursuing the right, in the tragic circumstances attending the close of his +life, found their supreme test not only, but their sublime climax as well. +The charm lies in the perfect harmony existing between the acts of the +last hour and the conduct of all the life that went before.” + +“And sure am I that we all, in moments when we are most calm and rational, +and when the noblest in us finds voice, discover the conviction possessing +us that there was something most fitting, something surpassingly +beautiful, in such an exit after such a career,—such a sunset after such a +day.” + +“For, for what, I pray you, was man made but to do his duty? to be brave +and true, reckless of results? And what is life worth, I wonder, if to be +preserved only at the price of cowardice and faithlessness?…Surely to him +that is gone life as the purchase of dishonor would have been an +intolerable burden…Whoso consents to stand on duty, in the army, on the +railway train, in the banking-house or store, must do it with open eyes, +ready to take the consequences, fully determined, whatever befall, to play +the man.…When so many are corrupt and venal, are base and criminal in the +discharge of public duties, the spectacle of such a life as we have looked +upon is worth far more to society than we can well reckon up. And if, as a +result of last Thursday’s events, those just entering upon life, and we +all, shall be warned of the evil and curse of transgression, and be +reminded of the surpassing beauty of honor and faithfulness, and in +addition shall catch an enthusiasm of integrity, it will go no small way +to compensate for the terrible shock that came to this city, and for the +agony that has fallen upon so many hearts…We know today that public and +private worth are still extant, and that the old cardinal virtues are +still held in honor. We need no lantern to find a man.” + +In the afternoon President Strong, assisted by other clergymen, conducted +the funeral service proper at Mr. Heywood’s late residence, and paid an +equally cordial testimony to the character of the man and to the high +quality of heroism which he had displayed. Dr. Strong was able to speak +from the point of view of personal friendship and from that of official +relation, having been Mr. Heywood’s pastor at Faribault in former years, +and having been more recently associated with him in connection with the +College. It was in a casual conversation which they had held but a few +days before the tragedy that Mr. Heywood dropped the remark which showed +that he had already decided how he would meet such an ordeal if it ever +came to him. The President had been inspecting the new time lock which had +just been placed upon the door of the vault. The circumstance recalled to +his mind the famous St. Albans bank-raid, which had especially interested +him through his personal acquaintance with the victimized cashier. Having +spoken of the course pursued by the raiders in that case, he said, in mere +playfulness, to Mr. Heywood, “Now if robbers should come in here and order +you to open this vault, would you do it?” With a quiet smile, and in his +own modest way, Mr. Heywood answered, “I think not.” Neither of them +dreamed how soon and with what tragical emphasis he would be called to +test that resolution. + +Mr. Heywood was buried in the Northfield cemetery, at the southern +extremity of the city, where his remains still rest and where an +unpretentious monument marks his grave. + +In an obscure corner of the same cemetery, at night, with neither mourner +nor funeral rites, two boxes were buried, supposed to contain the bodies +of the dead robbers. No one took the trouble to ascertain the genuineness +of the proceeding, or to guard the grave from desecration. That the bodies +of criminals belong to anatomical science, is a prevalent opinion. That +these criminals were not too good for such a purpose, was readily +conceded. That they somehow found their way to a certain medical college, +and that one of them was subsequently rescued from its fate by friends, +are said to be facts of history. + + + + + +CHAPTER VI. PURSUING THE FUGITIVES. + + +While the excitement over the tragedy was at its height, and the inquests +and the funeral services over the dead were in progress, the escaped +robbers were not forgotten. + +They had left Northfield by what is known as the Dundas Road, leading to +the town of that name, three miles to the south. Their original plan had +been to go westward, over the route by which they had come, and to stop at +the telegraph office on their way, and destroy the instruments, in order +that the news of the raid might not be spread till they were out of reach +in the great forest tract lying in that direction. But, as they afterwards +said, finding it “too hot” for them in that part of the town, they were +glad to escape by any route they could find; while the telegraph was +publishing their deeds and their descriptions in every direction. Dundas +being the nearest place at which they could cross the Cannon River, they +made all possible speed toward it, six men on five horses. They rode +abreast, like a squad of cavalry, taking the whole road, and compelling +everyone they met to take the ditch. Meeting a farmer with a good span of +horses, they stopped him and helped themselves to one of the horses, for +the use of Bob Younger, who had been riding behind his brother Cole. A +little farther on they “borrowed” a saddle for him of another farmer, +representing themselves to be officers of the law in pursuit of horse +thieves,—a pretense which they made much use of during their flight. As +soon as possible they got back into their former route, where they were +once more on somewhat familiar ground. The death of Miller had deprived +them of the guide upon whose knowledge of the country they had depended. +The loss of their trained and high-bred saddle-horses was perhaps a still +more serious calamity,—a loss which they were not able to make good with +any of the farm-horses stolen one after another. Their rush at full speed +through Dundas caused a sensation; but, owing to the absence of the +telegraph operator, the news of the raid had not been received, and they +were not molested. Millersburg, where some of them had spent the previous +night, was reached about half-past four. They were recognized by the +landlord who had entertained them, but they were still in advance of the +news of their crime and far in advance of their pursuers. They rode hard, +sparing neither themselves nor their beasts, although Bob Younger’s arm +was causing him much suffering. His horse fell under him, breaking the +saddle-girth, and was abandoned in disgust, Younger again mounting behind +one of his companions. Another horse was seized in a similar manner, +regardless of the protests of his owner; but the animal balked so +obstinately that he too had to be abandoned. Thus began a dreary two-weeks +flight, which grew more and more dismal day by day, as the fugitives +skulked from place to place, now riding, now walking, now hiding, in a +region where, as they too well knew, every man’s hand was against them. +Nature and Providence seemed to be against them, too. A cold, drizzling +rain set in the day after the raid, and continued almost incessantly for +two weeks. The way of the transgressor was hard, and it grew harder at +every step. + +The pursuers were after them. Before the robber-cavalcade was out of sight +of the scene of their raid, almost before the smoke of the battle had +passed away, men were running for their guns and horses, to join in the +chase. The first movements were made under intense excitement, and were +necessarily irresponsible and futile. But more deliberate measures were +soon taken. Mr. J. T. Ames called for volunteers for a systematic pursuit, +and telegraphed to the state capital for aid. Sheriffs, detectives, chiefs +of police and scores of private citizens promptly responded. As soon as +practicable a small army of pursuers was organized, and systematic plans +for their transportation and sustenance were perfected. + +Three times on Thursday afternoon advanced detachments of this force +encountered the fugitives. First a couple of volunteer scouts, mounted, by +a singular coincidence, on the horses of the dead robbers, came within +sight of the band a they were seizing the farmer’s horse on the Dundas +Road. But as the robbers were six to the scouts’ two, the latter did not +venture an attack, but contented themselves with trailing their game until +reinforcements should arrive. Again, at Shieldsville, fifteen miles west +of Northfield, a squad of Faribault men had arrived in advance of the +pursued by taking a shorter road. But not knowing how close at hand the +bandits were, they had gone within doors, leaving their guns outside, when +the raiders suddenly appeared before the door, from which they did not +permit their unarmed pursuer to issue, but coolly watered their horses at +an adjacent pump, shot a defiant volley of bullets into it, and went on +their way. The out-witted scouts quickly regained their guns, and being +reinforced by a dozen or more local recruits, hastened after the robbers. +The band was overtaken in a ravine about four miles west of Shieldsville, +where the two forces exchanged some long-range shots, without effect on +either side; and the robbers escaped into the thick woods beyond. + +While these preliminary contests were taking place, the more systematic +campaign was arranged and inaugurated. Before Thursday night two hundred +men were in the field, and on Friday five hundred. Other hundreds still +joined the chase later on, swelling the number at one time to at least a +thousand. It is impossible to give a list of those engaged, or to do +justice to the zeal, the determination and the endurance that they showed. +Among those who were prominently engaged, either in organizing the forces +or in conducting operations in the field, may be mentioned Mayor Solomon +P. Stewart of Northfield, Sheriff Ara Barton and Geo. N. Baxter, Esq., of +Faribault, chiefs of police King of St. Paul and Munger of Minneapolis, +Detectives Hoy and Brissette, and many others. Of the men under them, +several were experienced officers, and not a few were veteran soldiers. +There were also, of course, in so large and hastily-mustered a force, very +many who had no fitness for the service, either in personal qualities or +in equipment, and no conception of the requirements of such a campaign. +They came armed with small pistols and old fowling-pieces of various +degrees of uselessness, and utterly without either judgment or courage. +Their presence was a source of weakness to the force. Their foolish +indiscretions embarrassed and defeated the best-laid plans; and their +failure at critical moments and places to do what they had been depended +upon to do made them worse than useless,—worse than enemies. Many went +into the service from mercenary motives. Large rewards for the capture of +the robbers dead or alive were offered by the Northfield bank, the +Governor of the state and the railway companies; and this inducement drew +into the ranks of the pursuers much poor material. These statements need +to be made, not so much by way of censure upon the inefficient as in +justice to the better members of the force, and as an explanation of some +of the vexatious delays and failures of the campaign. For, while it +constantly suffered from the presence of these mercenaries and blunderers, +it did not lack, from its first day to its last, a nucleus of brave, +keen-witted, cool-headed, determined men, whom nothing could daunt or +discourage. And the best of them were not too capable for the work. Two +objects were to be accomplished,—the retreat of the fugitives was to be +cut off, and they were to be hunted down and captured. To secure the +first, picket-lines were thrown out in advance of them, covering every +route which they could possibly take, and especially guarding roads, +bridges and fords. To secure the second, scouting parties were put upon +their trail, to follow them from place to place, and to explore the +country far and near in search of them. It was no holiday excursion. They +were in a vast forest tract known as the Big Woods, broken here and there +by clearings and by settlements great and small, but embracing also wide +area of uncut timber, full of dense thickets and ravines, and abounding in +lakes, streams and swamps. The weather made difficult trailing, as tracks +and other signs were soon obliterated; and the nature and extent of the +ground to be covered rendered it impossible to keep the picket-line strong +at all points. The rain and the mud, the dripping forests, the swollen +streams, the softened fields, multiplied the hardships of the pursuers. +Their very numbers caused confusion. They were for the most part unable to +recognize with any certainty either the robbers or one another or to tell +whether some squad of horsemen in the distance were friends or foe. The +bandits were shrewd enough to take advantage of this doubt. It was their +favorite trick to pass themselves off as a sheriff’s posse in pursuit of +the bank-robbers. Under this subterfuge they inquired their way of +unsuspecting people, obtained provisions, secured information about the +position and movements of their pursuers, and repeatedly supplied +themselves with fresh horses. But this is in advance of our story. + +We left the robbers in their Thursday night’s hiding-place in the woods +beyond Shieldsville. Thence on Friday they moved first westward and then +southwestward, in the direction of Waterville. Coming to a ford of the +Little Cannon River, guarded by three men poorly armed, they were fired +upon and turned back into the woods. Finding shortly afterward that the +guard had withdrawn, they returned to the ford, crossed over, and +disappeared in the forest beyond. Thus the picket line which had been so +laboriously posted was broken at its weakest point. + +The news of the escape was immediately carried to those in command, a new +picket-line was thrown out in advance of the robbers, and the pursuer +pressed the more eagerly after them. The whole region was now aroused. The +telegraph was kept constantly busy, flashing items of fact, and a good +many items of fiction, to and from the field of operations. The railways +did good service in transporting men to accessible points; but the flight +and the pursuit were chiefly out of the range of towns, telegraphs or +railways, in the heart of the forest. + +Pushing on into the township of Elysian, the robbers found themselves in a +labyrinth of lakes and swamps, where it seemed easy to prevent their +escape. At an isolated farm they exchanged two of their exhausted horses +for fresh ones, against the owner’s protest. In the evening they made a +similar exchange in an out-of-the-way pasture without consulting the +owner. Late Friday night they went into camp between Elysian and Gentian +Lake. The stolen horses were now turned loose, and all returned to their +masters. The remaining horses were tied to trees; a sort of tent was made +by spreading blankets over some bushes; and under this the fugitives spent +the rainy night. + +On Saturday morning they abandoned their horses altogether, tied their +blankets about their bodies with the bridles, and, though already lame and +disabled, continued their journey on foot. The horses were found three +days later, one of them still tied to the tree, the other two having +gnawed off their halters and escaped. The robbers now proceeded more +circumspectly. The dash and daring of their previous course were exchanged +for the stealth and caution more befitting their condition. They went no +farther on Saturday than to find a hiding-place on an island in the middle +of the swamp, where they encamped for the day. After dark they took up +their journey, marched slowly all night, and at daylight on Sunday morning +again halted, near the village of Marysburg, whose church-bell they could +hear from their camp in the woods. Passing around Marysburg, they next +encamped four miles south of that village, so slow was their progress and +so short their marches. Nine miles west of this camp, and within two or +three miles of Mankato, they found a deserted farm-house in the woods, +where they spent Monday night, Tuesday and Tuesday night, having advanced +less than fifty miles in five days. + + [THE SEVEN CAPTORS. (From Recent Photographs).] + + THE SEVEN CAPTORS. (From Recent Photographs). + + +Even at this rate they had distanced their pursuers, who did not suspect +that they had abandoned their horses, and who, confident that no mounted +cavalcade had passed their lines, were still searching the swamps and +bottoms about Elysian. This delusion was painfully dispelled on Tuesday +morning by the discovery of the half-starved horses and the deserted camp. +The robbers had stolen away on foot, and had at least a three-days start. +This was regarded as evidence of the hopelessness of the chase. The +fugitives were no doubt far away, and in what direction no one could +conjecture. A large proportion of the pursuers, including many of the most +efficient leaders, therefore gave up the hunt and returned to their homes. +Even some authentic reports from persons who had caught glimpses of the +robbers near Mankato were scouted as absurdly incredible. + +Soon, however, further news was received which could not be disputed, and +which at once aroused fresh interest in the chase. On Tuesday the robbers, +it seemed, had invited themselves to breakfast at the house of a German +farmer. On Wednesday morning they had captured another farmer’s hired man +in the woods, and after binding him, extorting information from him, +threatening to kill him, and finally swearing him to secrecy, had let him +go. Believing that a bad promise was better broken than kept, he had +immediately reported the incident to his employer, who hastened with the +news to Mankato, whence the telegraph sent it everywhere. Excitement was +at once renewed. The disbanded forces hurried back, and hundreds of fresh +recruits joined in the chase. A thousand men were soon on the ground, and +a new campaign was organized under the direction of Gen. Pope of Mankato. +Again patrols and searching parties were sent out, and every possible +avenue of escape was guarded night and day. But again the fugitives +escaped, not so much by virtue of their own cunning as through favorable +accidents and the inefficiency of the guards on duty. Part of them crossed +the railroad bridge over the Blue Earth River during Wednesday night. Two +others, mounted on a stolen horse, passed the picket-line near Lake +Crystal on Thursday night. These last were challenged, fired upon, and +probably wounded by a brave young fellow, named Richard Roberts, whose +sleeping companions had left him to hold the pass alone. The horse threw +his riders and ran away, and they escaped in the darkness to the adjacent +field, one of them leaving his hat behind him. + + [THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK, NORTHFIELD, MINN. (1876).] + + THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK, NORTHFIELD, MINN. (1876). + + +The band had now divided, Pitts and the three Youngers forming one +division, and the two Jameses the other. It is believed to have been the +James brothers whom Roberts fired upon. Continuing their flight, they +stole a fine span of grey, on which they mounted bareback. This capture +was a most fortunate one for them, and enabled them to make rapid progress +and to assume again the role of officers in pursuit of criminals. They had +no difficulty in getting food and information from unsuspecting people, +who found only too late how they had been imposed upon. The two men went +almost due west during the next forty-eight hours, travelling day and +night at the utmost practicable speed, and making eighty miles with +scarcely a halt. On Sunday, September 17th, they crossed the Minnesota +line into what is now South Dakota. That evening they took the liberty of +exchanging their over-driven greys for a span of blacks, one of which +proved to be blind in one eye and the other in both. Not finding these +satisfactory, they exchanged them in turn, in the small hours of Monday +morning, for another span of greys. They now turned southward; passed +through Sioux Falls; exchanged salutations with the driver of the Yankton +stage, and clothes with a Sioux City doctor; and quietly pursued their +flight by a route and to a destination best known to themselves. + +They had not been permitted to make this escape without interference. No +sooner was it known that they had gone through the picket-line than scouts +were sent out in every direction, to overtake or intercept them. The best +men in the field took up the trail. The most comprehensive measures were +adopted for their capture. But owing perhaps to the unexpected celerity of +their movements, so different from the previous methods of the gang, and +to unforeseen slips and miscalculations, they succeeded in eluding their +pursuers, most of whom abandoned the chase at the Dakota line. + +This episode had entirely diverted attention from the rest of the band, as +it was not then known that a division had taken place; and when the two +horsemen were finally lost track of, the general supposition was that the +whole band had escaped. Some persons, indeed, believed that the four +unaccounted for were still in the neighborhood in which they had last been +seen. The disreputable house near Mankato, already referred to as the +place where two of the robbers were known to have been on the night of +September 3d, was searched, and many suspicious characters in various +places were arrested and investigated. This vigilance resulted in securing +some criminals, including two notorious horse-thieves, but it discovered +no clue to the bank-robbers. + +The mortification of the pursuers was intense; and the denunciations +heaped upon some of them and the ridicule upon all was a bitter reward for +their two weeks of hard service. The failure of their campaign could not +be denied. The only consolation they had was in reflecting that they had +done their best, and in joining in the general laugh at their own expense. +The robber hunt was the great joke of the season. + + + + + +CHAPTER VII. A FAMOUS VICTORY + + +Thursdays were notable days in the robber calendar. On Thursday, September +7th, the attack upon the bank was made. On Thursday, the 14th, the trail +of the main band was found and lost in the Minnesota valley beyond +Mankato; and on the evening of that day the two horsemen went off on their +tangent, drawing almost the entire force of the pursuer after them. On +Thursday, the 21st, the public was again electrified by the news that the +remaining four, who had also been supposed to have escaped, were yet in +the state and had been located in the neighborhood of Madelia. + +Madelia is a small village in Watonwan County, and on the Watonwan River, +about 24 miles southwest of Mankato. One of the principal features of the +surrounding country is a chain of picturesque lakes lying a few miles +north of the town; while about five miles southwest of the lakes ran the +north fork of the Watonwan River, destined to be as famous in the closing +scenes of the raid as the Cannon had been at its beginning. + +Madelia was one of the towns visited by the robbers in their preliminary +survey. About two weeks before the robbery, Cole Younger and one other of +the band spent a Sunday at the Flanders House in that place. They asked +many questions of the landlord, Col. Vought, and excited some curiosity in +the community. Younger expressed his admiration of the adjacent lake +region, with whose geography he seemed to have made himself familiar. When +the bank-raid occurred, a few days later, Col. Vought immediately +understood who his guests had been, and did not doubt that Younger’s +interest in the topography of the neighborhood had reference to a line of +retreat. And when guards were being placed throughout the region to +intercept the robbers in their flight, Col. Vought advised guarding a +certain bridge between two of these lakes, at a point of which Younger had +made special mention, and by which any one acquainted with the region +would be sure to pass. This counsel was followed, and Col. Vought himself, +with two others, guarded the bridge for two nights. + +A few rods from this bridge lived a Norwegian farmer named Suborn, with +his wife and his son Oscar, an intelligent and active lad about seventeen +years of age. As the men kept watch at the bridge in the evening, Oscar +would come down and sit with them, talking of the robbers and the robbery, +and forming in his mind a pretty distinct idea of the appearance and the +tactics of the outlaws. He repeatedly expressed the wish that he might +meet them and have a shot at them with his father’s old gun. When the band +was supposed to have escaped, and the guards were withdrawn, Col. Vought +charged Oscar to keep a sharp lookout, and if he saw any fellows that he +thought might be the robbers, to come into Madelia and tell the Colonel. +This the boy promised to do. + +On the morning of September 21st, while Oscar and his father were milking +the cows, two men walked by, bidding Oscar a civil good morning as they +passed. Something in their appearance instantly convinced the boy that +they were the bandits; and he ran to his father and said, “There goes the +robbers.” His father scouted the idea, and bade him go on with his +milking. But the conviction grew upon the boy as he milked, and he soon +set down his pail and ran to look after the men, making inquiries of the +neighbors and freely expressing his views concerning them. When he +returned to the house, he learned that the men he had seen and two others +had been there asking for food, and saying that they were fishermen. Oscar +insisted that they were the robbers, and after many objections on his +father’s part, finally got permission to take a horse and go and tell +people what he had seen. + +He instantly started for Madelia, seven or eight miles away, urging the +old farmhorse to the top of his speed, and shouting to every body he +passed “Look out! The robbers are about!” but finding nobody to believe +him. A short distance from Madelia the horse fell down, throwing the +excited rider into the mud; but he was soon up and a way again faster than +ever. + +Entering Madelia, he rode straight to the Flanders House, according to his +promise to Col. Vought. The latter was standing on the porch of the hotel +when the messenger dashed up, boy and horse equally out of breath and both +of them covered with mud. A few questions sufficed to convince the Colonel +that the boy knew what he was talking about, and he immediately siezed his +gun, mounted his horse, and started for the Suborn farm. Sheriff Glispin +had come up during the conversation with Oscar, and also joined in the +chase. Dr. Overholt, W. R. Estes and S. J. Severson did the same. These +five went in company. C. A. Pomeroy heard the news and hastened after +them. G. A. Bradford and Capt. W. W. Murphy followed hard, and reached the +field in time for effective service. From St. James, a neighboring town, +to which the telegraph had carried the news, came G. S. Thompson and B. M. +Rice, most of their neighbors being too incredulous or too indifferent to +join them. In the immediate vicinity of the robbers all was excitement, +and people were gathering in greater and greater numbers as the facts +became known. + +The first detachment from Madelia had no difficulty in learning where the +robbers were, and lost no time in reaching the locality. The band was soon +descried, making its way on foot through what is known as Hanska Slough. +Sheriff Glispin called upon them to halt; and as they paid no attention to +his demand, he and his men fired upon them. + + [S. J. WILCOX.] + + S. J. WILCOX. + + + [THE SEVEN CAPTORS—AS PHOTOGRAPHED IN 1876.] + + THE SEVEN CAPTORS—AS PHOTOGRAPHED IN 1876. + + +The robbers ran until they were out of sight behind a knoll, and before +their pursuers came up with them had crossed Lake Hanska, a considerable +body of water. The Madelia men, finding some difficulty in getting their +horses through the water, separated, part of them going up stream and part +down, in search of crossings. Reaching the other side, Col. Vought and Dr. +Overholt again caught sight of the robbers, and the Doctor fired at them, +with so good an aim as to hit the stick with which Cole Younger was +walking. Sheriff Glispin and his two companions now came up from the other +direction. Seeing that the robbers were making for a herd of horse on an +adjacent farm, the Madelia men intercepted the movement, and for their +pains received a volley from the enemy’s revolvers, the bullets flying +thick about the heads of the pursuers, though at pretty long range, and +one of them grazing Glispin’s horse. + +Thus foiled, the bandits went down to the river-bank, opposite the house +of Andrew Anderson, and telling him that they were in pursuit of the +bank-robbers, ordered him to bring his horses over to them. The old ruse +did not work. Instead of putting his horses at the service of the band, +the shrewd farmer ran them off in the opposite direction. Foiled again, +the men went up the river to a ford, crossed over, and came down through +the Anderson farm to a granary, where they seemed about to make a stand; +but changing their plan, they made one more effort to supply themselves +with horses. Mr. Horace Thompson and his son, of St. Paul, were hunting in +the neighborhood, and had two livery teams belonging to Col. Vought, of +Madelia. Spying these horses, the robbers made a rush for them, but the +Thompsons promptly exchanged their light charges for wire cartridges +loaded with goose shot, and prepared to give the free-booters a warm +reception. The free-booters did not care to risk the encounter, and +turning back, took refuge in the brush in the river-bottom. Mr. Thompson +proposed to some of those present to go in after them and hunt them out; +but the armed force then present was not thought to be strong enough for +such a movement. + +The robbers were now hemmed in upon all sides. On the south was a high +bluff, curving slightly outward to enclose the low bottom-land at its +base. On the north was the Watonwan River, washing the bluff on the left, +then swinging away from it in a double curve, and then back toward the +bluff again. A rude triangle was thus enclosed, some five acres in extent, +nearly level, open in some places, but for the most part covered with an +almost impenetrable growth of willows, box-elders, wild plums and +grapevines. + +The robbers having been driven to cover in these thickets, the next effort +was to prevent their escape. A considerable number of people had by this +time collected, some on one side at the river and some on the other. +Glispin and Vought went down to the lower end of the ravine and posted +guards on the bluffs to watch that point. Meantime Capt. Murphy had +arrived, and at once took similar precautions on the other side of the +river. But they had no intention of waiting for the robbers to come out, +or to give them a chance to escape, as they had so often done, under cover +of darkness. Capt. Murphy, having made his picketline secure on the north +side of the river, came around to the south side, where some of his +Madelia neighbors and other resolute men were gathered, and proposed that +they go into the brush and rout out the bandits. A number seemed willing +to join him in this attempt; but the list was much reduced when they heard +his startling instructions as to the method of procedure. Moreover some of +the best men on the ground had been assigned to guard duty, and were not +available for this service. In a few minutes, however, six brave fellows +stood by his side, ready to go wherever he would lead them. + +The roll of this Spartan band of seven is as follows: Capt. W. W. Murphy, +Sheriff James Glispin, Col. T. L. Vought, B. M. Rice, G. A. Bradford, C. +A. Pomeroy, S. J. Severson. Capt. Murphy formed his men in line, four +paces apart, ordering them to advance rapidly but in line, to keep their +arms ready, observe the front well, and the instant the bandits were +discovered concentrate the fire of the whole line upon them. + +They advanced promptly across the eastern side of the triangle, from the +bluff to the river, and then, turning to the left, followed the river’s +course, with the line at right angles with it. They had advanced some +fifty or sixty yards in this direction, when they discovered the robbers, +crouching and almost concealed in a thicket of vine-covered willows and +plumtrees. At the same instant one of the robbers fired. It was the signal +for a general fusilade on both sides. Firing was rapid and at close range, +the two forces being not more than thirty feet apart at the center of the +line, and all heavily armed. The battle was sharp but brief. Again, as in +the Northfield fight, the palm of marksmanship was with the citizens and +not with the professional crack-shots. Mr. Bradford had his wrist grazed +by a ball as he raised his rifle for his first shot. Another ball grazed +Mr. Severson. Another still struck Capt. Murphy in the side, and glancing +on a brier-root pipe in his pocket, lodged in his pistol-belt. With these +exceptions not a man in the party was touched. Of the robbers, on the +other hand, Bob Younger was wounded in the breast; his brother James had +five wounds; Cole had eleven, and Pitts was dead, having been hit five +times. When Capt. Murphy ordered firing to cease, and called upon the +robbers to surrender, Bob Younger was the only one who could respond. “I +surrender,” said he, “They are all down but me.” As he rose to his feet, +at the command of his captors, the movement was not understood by the +guards on the bluff, and they fired at him, wounding him slightly; but +Capt. Murphy immediately checked the untimely attack. + +The arms of the robbers were taken from them, and they were placed in a +wagon and taken to Madelia in the custody of the sheriff, escorted by +their captors as body-guard, and by a miscellaneous company of those who +had been directly or indirectly connected with the engagement. A mile from +town they met another company of people who had come by special train from +other towns where the news of the reappearance of the robbers had been +received. The visitors found themselves too late to take part in the +capture, the honor of which belonged solely to local heroes; but they +could join in the general rejoicing and help to swell the triumphal +procession. As the returning throng entered Madelia, it was received with +great demonstrations of joy, to which the wounded bandits responded by +waving their hats. + + + + + +CHAPTER VIII. THE END OF A BAD ENTERPRISE + + +The chagrin and exasperation which followed the escape of the two Jameses +were changed to exultation over the victory in the Watonwan bottom,—a +victory well worthy to close the campaign so bravely begun in the streets +of Northfield. Whatever blunders had been made, whatever hardships and +disappointments had been endured, the final result was fairly +satisfactory. Of the eight desperados who rode forth so confidently on +their career of plunder, three were dead, three were prisoners, and the +other two were in ignominious retreat—one of them wounded. They had wasted +a month in fruitless effort, lost their splendid horses and equipment, +spent much money and gained none, suffered unutterable hardship, and +achieved nothing but two brutal and profitless murders. + +Arrived in Madelia, the captured men were taken to the Flanders House, +where Cole Younger and his now dead comrade Pitts, had played the role of +gentlemen travelers a month before. Younger had recognized Col. Vought and +saluted him as “landlord” when they met as captor and captive on the +bloody field of the Watonwan. He also recognized Mr. G. S. Thompson, who +was doing guard duty at the time of the capture, and reminded him of a +visit which Pitts and himself had made to Thompson’s store in St. James +during the same preliminary tour. + +The Flanders House was made for the time being a hospital and a prison. +Guards were posted within and without, and every precaution was taken to +prevent either the escape of the prisoners or any unlawful attack upon +them. The men were wet, weakened by fatigue and exposure, nearly famished +and shockingly wounded. They received such attention as humanity dictated. +Their wounds were dressed; their wet garments were exchanged for dry ones; +their hunger was appeased and they were placed in comfortable beds. + +They appreciated this treatment most gratefully. They had hardly expected +less than being lynched or torn in pieces by the infuriated people; and +they repeatedly expressed their admiration both of the bravery of their +captors and of the magnanimity of those who had them so absolutely at +their mercy. It was indeed rumored that a train-load of lynchers was on +the way, bent on summary vengeance; but the officers of the law and the +people of Madelia were prepared to resist such an attempt to the utmost, +and it never was made. + +Sight-seers and lion-hunters came by hundreds, from every direction. On +the day following the capture the hotel was besieged by an eager throng, +that filled its halls and corridors and the adjacent street, and kept a +continuous stream of visitor filing through the room where the robbers +were confined. Reporters, photographers and detectives were there, each +intent on his own professional ends; and every type of sentiment was +represented, from open vindictiveness to morbid sympathy and admiration +for criminal audacity. + +The prisoners talked freely on certain subjects, and with shrewd reserve +upon others. They claimed to be the victims of circumstances, rather than +of their own inclinations. They talked pathetically of their family and +their antecedents, advised young men to shun bad ways, and requested the +prayers of pious women. Being allowed an opportunity to confer together, +they agreed to admit their own identity, but refused to divulge that of +their companions, either the dead or the living. They denied that the two +who escaped were the James brothers, but would give no further information +concerning them. The work of identification was effected, however, without +their aid. Chief of Police McDonough, of St. Louis, and other officers and +citizens, were able of their own knowledge, with the aid of collateral +testimony and of rogues-gallery pictures, to identify the two killed at +Northfield as Clel Miller and Bill Stiles, and the one killed in the +capture as Charley Pitts, alias George Wells. Little doubt was +entertained, also, that the ones who escaped were Jesse and Frank James, +who about that time reappeared in their old haunts in Missouri. + +On Saturday, September 23d, the prisoners were delivered to Sheriff Barton +of Rice County, by whom they were taken to Faribault and safely lodged in +the county jail, a few miles from the scene of their crime. + +Here, again, they were visited by multitudes of people of all sorts and +conditions, and received many attentions, pleasant and unpleasant, as the +reward of bad notoriety. Here also they were menaced with a threatened +lynching, this time a dead-in-earnest affair, prevented only by the +vigilance and determination of the officers of the law, aided by the +citizens of Faribault. So strongly was the jail guarded, and so strict was +the discipline maintained in its defence, that when a member of the city +police one night approached the guard, making some motion that was deemed +suspicious, and imprudently neglecting to respond to the challenge of the +guard, he was fired upon and killed. + +The 9th of November, just nine weeks after the attack upon the Northfield +bank, was another fateful Thursday in the robber calendar. On that day +they were arraigned for trial before the Rice County District Court, at +Faribault, Judge Samuel Lord presiding, and G. N. Baxter, Esq., being the +prosecuting officer. On the previous day the sister and the aunt of the +three prisoners had arrived, to attend them during the ordeal. The +refinement and respectability of these ladies served to emphasize yet more +strongly the social standing from which the men had fallen and the +needlessness of the disgrace which they had brought upon themselves and +their friends. + + [OSCAR SEEBORN.] + + OSCAR SEEBORN. + + +The arraignment presented one of the most dramatic scenes in connection +with the crime. The prisoners, in expectation of the summons, had prepared +themselves to make the best possible appearance in public. The three were +shackled together, Cole in the middle, with Bob on the right and Jim on +the left. The sheriff, chief of police and his lieutenant walked by their +side, an armed guard marched before them and another behind them. The +robbers somewhat distrusted the temper of the crowd that filled the +streets; and there were some mutterings of a threatening nature, but no +overt acts of hostility. At the court-house the guard opened to the right +and left, to admit the sheriff and his prisoners and prevent the entrance +of improper persons. + +Four indictments had been found against the prisoners by the Grand Jury. +The first charged them with being accessory to the murder of Heywood; the +second with attacking Bunker with intent to do great bodily harm; the +third with robbing the First National Bank of Northfield. The fourth +charged Cole Younger as principal, and his brothers as accessories, with +the murder of Nicholas Gustavson, the Swede whom the robbers shot for +remaining on the street when ordered to leave. These indictments having +been read, the prisoners were, at the request of their counsel, allowed +two days to decide how they would plead. It was a question of peculiar +difficulty. On the one hand, to plead guilty was to renounce all hope of +eluding justice through the loopholes of legal technicality. On the other +hand, to plead not guilty was to ensure the severest penalty in case of +conviction. For the laws of Minnesota were then such that if a murderer +pleaded guilty, capital punishment could not be inflicted upon him. This +law, designed to prevent long and needless trials in a certain class of +case, afforded these criminals an advantage which the public bitterly +begrudged them, but of which, in view of the practical certainty of +conviction, they decided to avail themselves. + +Accordingly, being again arraigned in court, on the following Saturday, +they pleaded guilty to all the indictments. Whereupon Judge Lord +pronounced upon them the severest penalty then allowed by the +law,—imprisonment for life. + +A few days later, Sheriff Barton, with the aid of a strong guard, +conducted the robbers to Stillwater; and the State Prison, the goal of so +many a criminal career, closed its doors upon them. Though commonly +regarded as but the second-best place for them, it has thus far safely +held them, except in the case of one of them, whose sentence had expired +under the great Statute of Limitation. Robert died in prison, September +16th, 1889. Many attempts have been made to secure pardons for the others; +but thus far no governor has been found willing to accede to such a +request. + + [Brass Tablet in Library Building, Carleton College] + + Brass Tablet in Library Building, Carleton College + + + + + +CHAPTER IX. THE ROLL OF HONOR. + + +No extended biographical notices are compatible with either the purpose or +the limits of this book; nor is a large amount of such matter desirable. +The deeds that have been recounted speak for themselves and the men who +performed them. Yet many readers will doubtless desire to know something +more of the personality of those men, of their antecedents and their +subsequent career. The brief sketches which follow relate solely to those +who were actively connected with the three most important scenes in the +narrative,—the struggle in the bank, the fight on the street, and the +capture of the four robbers near Madelia. + + + + +JOSEPH LEE HEYWOOD was born at Fitzwilliam, New Hampshire, August 12, +1837. His parents upon both sides were of the sturdiest New England stock. +His father was an energetic and progressive farmer, taking much interest +in public affairs, state and national, in politics a Whig, and later a +Republican, and an opponent of slavery. His mother was a devout and +conscientious woman, unwavering in her moral convictions, and unselfishly +devoted to her children. She sought to inspire in them the highest ideas +of honor, truth and duty; and they were accustomed to ascribe to her, more +than to any other influence, whatever virtues of character they developed. + +Our hero’s early life was spent on the farm. The rudiments of education +acquired at the district school, were supplemented by reading and study at +home, until he became well fitted for the practical affairs of life. When +about twenty years of age he left home, to make his own way in the world. +He spent about a year in Concord, Mass., another in Fitchburg, another in +New Baltimore, Michigan, where he was clerk in a drug-store, and then a +part of a year in Moline, Illinois, whence he went to Chicago in 1862, the +second year of the Civil War. + +Reared as he had been, and trained from childhood to the love of truth, +country and freedom, his enlistment in the Union army was almost a matter +of course. He became a member of the 127th Illinois Regiment in August, +1862, went with his regiment to the front, and at once engaged in active +service. Among other movements in which he participated were the siege of +Vicksburg and the capture of Arkansas Post. The hardships of army life +proved too severe for his constitution, and his health gave way under +them, necessitating his removal first to the hospital and then to the home +of his brother in Illinois. Recovering sufficiently after a time to permit +of his performing light army service, he was detailed as druggist in the +Dispensary at Nashville, Tennessee, where he remained until his final +discharge from the service at the close of the War, in 1865. + +After a year spent mainly with his brother in Illinois, he came to +Minnesota, residing first in Faribault, then in Minneapolis, and finally, +in the autumn of 1867, removing to Northfield. Here he was for five years +employed as a book-keeper in the lumber-yard of Mr. S. P. Stewart. In 1872 +he accepted the position of book-keeper in the First National Bank, a +position which he filled with fidelity for four years, and in defence of +whose trusts he forfeited his life. + +Mr. Heywood was twice married; first to Miss Mattie Buffum, and after her +death, to Miss Lizzie Adams. Both were natives of Massachusetts, and both +were women of superior character. A daughter five years of age, the child +of the first wife, survived her father. She has since graduated from +Carleton College, and also from the School of Music connected with that +institution, and is now (1895) an accomplished teacher of music in her +native state. + +As has been elsewhere stated, Mr. Heywood’s sterling integrity and +business ability brought him into many positions of responsibility, among +which were those of Treasurer of the City of Northfield and Treasurer of +Carleton College. His personal traits have been so well characterized and +his place in the estimation of those who knew him so well defined in the +funeral address of the Rev. Mr. Leonard, quoted on pages 42 to 45, that +further words in that direction are needless. His memory has ever been +cherished with peculiar reverence by the people of Northfield, especially +by the College of which he was an officer; and his heroic character was +admired wherever the story was known. The banks of the United States and +Canada contributed a fund of over twelve thousand dollars for the benefit +of his family, and as a tribute to his heroism. The Grand Army Post in +Northfield is named for him, and his portrait hangs in their hall. The +College has a fund of $2,500, called “The Heywood Library Fund,” founded +in his honor; his portrait and a memorial tablet in commemoration of him +hang in the College library; and a memorial window in the First +Congregational Church of Northfield bears his name and the inscription +“FIDELITAS.” No word could better characterize the man and epitomize his +life. The following lines, from the New York Tribune, are the tribute of a +well-known poet to Mr. Heywood’s heroism: + + + +ON A FAITHFUL BANK CASHIER + + + (From the New York Tribune.) + + +Unto how few the fadeless bays + Belong! How few the iron crown +Of virtue wear! And few the lays + That bear a hero’s honor down +Untarnished to the latest days! + +Yet there was one but now who breathed, + Faithful to trust, and in that hour +Summoned, he laid down life, bequeathed + To all good men his good deed’s power, +And with great names his name enwreathed. + +For tell me not his place was low, + His sterling voice till then unheard. +He knew and dared to answer “No!” + Whole volumes spoke in that one word, +And duty could no further go. + +Nor oftenest on war’s glorious field, + Or in the gaze of favoring men, +Does duty call, but when the shield + Of secrecy protects, or when +Our dearest hopes; to her must yield. + +Not oftenest does the martyr gain + By sacrifice his righteous fame:— +And this man knew it, stood the strain + Of silent trial. He prized the name +Of truth, and kept it free from stain. + +If he betrayed not, death was sure; + Before him stood the murderous thief. +He did not flinch…Of one life fewer + The angels turned the blood-sealed leaf +That night, and said; “The page is pure.” + +Of simple faith and loyalty! + If each true heart like this were strong, +The nation’s ancient majesty + Would rise again with joyous song, +Her beauty shine o’er every sea. + + George Parsons Lathrop +Cambridge, Mass. + + + + +ALONZO E. BUNKER, second son of Enos A. and Martha M. Bunker, was horn at +Littleton, New Hampshire, March 29th, 1849. He came to Dodge County, +Minnesota, in 1855; received a common-school education in the public +schools of Mantorville; learned the printing business in the office of the +Mantorville Express, and in due time became the foreman of the office. He +taught school for a short time, after which he entered the St. Paul +Business College, from which he graduated in 1869. The following year he +was associated with Professor W. W. Payne in the publication of the +Minnesota Teacher, an educational Journal, issued at St. Anthony, now East +Minneapolis. In 1871 he entered the Preparatory department of Carleton +College, where he continued his studies for two years earning the means of +paying his expenses by working at his trade, teaching and keeping books, +until the incessant application had seriously impaired his health. + +In 1873 he entered the service of the First National Bank of Northfield, +in which he continued for about five years. During this period he served +the College as its accountant, and also as the teacher of book-keeping. He +was married, in 1875, to Miss Nettie L. Smith of Red Wing, Minnesota. + +The part taken by Mr. Bunker in the encounter with the robbers in the +bank, as detailed in Chapter III, shows him to be a man of nerve, cool and +self-collected in danger, and capable of bold action. Though not subjected +to the brutal treatment inflicted upon Mr. Heywood, he was subjected to a +similar temptation to secure his own safety by yielding to the demands of +the robbers; and he kept such possession of his faculties, mental and +physical, as to seize the first opportunity—an opportunity not afforded to +Heywood—to break from his captors and escape under fire. The wound which +he received at that time was a dangerous one, and narrowly missed being +fatal, and the effects of the nervous shock are still felt at times. + +In 1878, Mr. Bunker resigned his position in the First National Bank to +accept one in the Citizens Bank, of the same city. In 1880 he became +connected with the Western Newspaper Union, in which he held responsible +positions in Kansas City and St. Paul. In 1882 he went to Helena, Montana, +where he assisted in organizing the Second National Bank, of which he was +for three years the cashier. His health then requiring a more active life, +he engaged for a time in stockraising and mining operations. In 1888 he +returned to the Newspaper Union, of which he is now one of the principal +officials, with headquarters at Chicago. Mr. Bunker has found time amid +his manifold occupations to perform various collateral duties. For a time +while in Montana he acted as correspondent of Chicago and St. Paul papers. +He has also been active in religious work. While he lived in Helena, he +and Mrs. Bunker were largely instrumental in organizing and building up +the First Congregational Church of that city. + + + + +FRANK J. WILCOX is the son of the late Rev. James F. Wilcox, a clergyman +of the Baptist denomination, who held various important positions, +pastoral and official, at the East and at the West. Mr. Wilcox was born in +Taunton, Mass., September 8th, 1848. Changes in his father’s pastorates +took him when five years old to Trenton, New Jersey, and when ten years +old to Northfield, Minnesota, where he has ever since resided, excepting +during the temporary absence of college life. + +His education was begun in the public schools. Upon the opening of the +Preparatory department of Carleton College, in 1867, he entered the +institution, in which he remained until the completion of his preparation +for college. His college course was taken in the Chicago University, from +which he was graduated in 1874, in the class with President Sutherland of +Nebraska, Rev. C. H. D. Fisher, missionary to Japan, and others. + +Returning to his Northfield home after his graduation, Mr. Wilcox did not +immediately settle down to his vocation in life, but for a time pursued +various temporary occupations, one of which was that of assistant in the +First National Bank. It was here that he was found by the bank-robbers +when they made their raid upon the bank in 1876. + +Mr. Wilcox was not subjected to so severe an ordeal as were Heywood and +Bunker, as his position gave the robbers less reason to make demands upon +him and less excuse for molesting him; but so far as occasion required he +co-operated with his colleagues in maintaining the attitude of passive +resistance which made the attempted robbery a failure. Immediately after +the raid he was appointed to a permanent position in the bank, where he +has remained continuously ever since. He is now the Assistant Cashier. He +is also prominently connected with other business enterprises in the city, +and has held various official positions, educational and Municipal. He was +married in 1879 to Miss Jennie M. Blake. Both of them are leaders in the +social and religious life of the community especially in the Baptist +Church of which they are members. + + + + +ANSELM R. MANNING was born in Canada, not far from Montreal. By trade he +was a carpenter. He was also an adept at blacksmithing, a competent +surveyor, and a successful man of business. Possessing this Yankee +versatility and knack at turning his hand to almost anything, it was +natural that he should seek his home in the United States. He came to +Northfield in 1856. Here he pursued his various vocations, mechanical, +mathematical and commercial, as occasion seemed to demand. When the +railroad was to be constructed through Northfield, he helped to survey it. +When the increased facilities which it afforded brought an increase of +business, he went into trade, establishing the stove and hardware store so +long a familiar feature on Bridge Square. + +It was here that he received the visit from a member of the robber band on +the morning of the raid, and here that he and his trusty rifle were found +ready for the bloody encounter which shortly followed. Mr. Manning is a +quiet, goodnatured, peaceable man, the last man to seek or desire +conflict, but well qualified to meet it when it is forced upon him. He is +alert, observant, quick to take the measure of a situation, and prompt and +fearless in action. + +He still resides in Northfield with his wife and children, and still goes +as unobtrusively as ever about his daily business, with no apparent +consciousness of being what his neighbors hold him to be, the hero who +turned the tide of battle. + + + + +HENRY M. WHEELER, the son of Mason and Huldah W. Wheeler, was born in +North Newport, New Hampshire, June 23d, 1854. In 1856 the family removed +to Northfield, Minnesota, where they arrived on the Fourth of July. +Minnesota was still a territory, and Northfield an embryo village, of +whose life and development the Wheelers became a part. + +Henry began his education in the public school of Northfield; took the +preparatory course of study in Carleton College; graduated in medicine +from the University of Michigan in 1877, and from the College of +Physicians and Surgeons in New York in 1880. He was still a student, at +home on a summer vacation, when the robbers made their appearance in +Northfield. At the time when they were approaching the bank for the +attack, he was sitting as the reader will remember, in front of the +drug-store of Wheeler & Blackman, of which his father was one of the +proprietors. Regarding the movements of the strangers as suspicious, he +followed and watched them, and had already shouted an alarm when he was +driven from the street at the point of a pistol. How promptly he secured a +weapon, and with what deadly execution he used it, has been duly related. +Had the gun been better and the ammunition more abundant, he would no +doubt have given still more emphatic proof that a doctor may upon occasion +make himself more useful in giving wounds than in healing them. One, at +least, of those he gave that day was so far unprofessional as to leave no +chance for the surgeon’s services. + +Dr. Wheeler settled in Grand Forks, North Dakota, in 1881, and still +remains there in a large and successful practice. + + + + +JAMES GLISPIN was of Irish descent, but was born on American soil. He was +a man of slight physical proportions, about five feet, six inches in +height, but possessing great strength, quickness and endurance, as well as +unlimited courage. He had a magnetic influence over men, and was noted +both for the skill with which he was able to quell the unruly and the +prowess with which when necessary he could overcome larger men than +himself in a trial of strength. After a brief business career, he was +elected Sheriff of Watonwan County. He proved one of the most popular +officers in the state, and was serving his second term at the time of the +robber-raid. The promptness with which he started after the bandits on the +day of the capture, and the important part taken by him in the capture +itself has been related. It was to his care also that they were committed +after the capture, and upon him rested the responsibility of holding them +until they could be turned over to the authorities of the county in which +their crimes had been committed. + +Mr. Glispin left Madelia in 1880, and went to California, where he engaged +in mercantile business. In 1883 he removed to Spokane, Washington, where +his fitness for official life was soon recognized. He was elected Sheriff +for a two-years term, and was re-elected for two years more. At the close +of his second term he went into the real-estate business, in which he +continued until his death in 1890. + + + + +WILLIAM W. MURPHY was born in Ligonier, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, +July 27th, 1837. On leaving school in 1854, he went to California, seeking +his fortune in the gold-mines. Here he remained till 1861, when he +returned to his native state, and took up his residence in Pittsburg. When +the call came for volunteers for the Union army, he assisted in raising +Company G, of the 14th Pennsylvania Regiment, and entered the service as +2nd Lieutenant of that company. He was promoted to a first lieutenancy, on +his merit as an officer; was brevetted Captain by the Secretary of War for +gallantry on the field of battle at Piedmont, Va., and was appointed as +Captain of Company D in the same regiment, the first vacancy occurring +after the brevet. + +During the first two years of the war he served in West Virginia, one year +under Gen. Sheridan. After Lee’s surrender, Capt. Murphy’s regiment was +ordered to Texas, overland; but when they had reached Leavenworth, Kansas, +they received news of the surrender of all the rebel forces in Texas, and +the regiment was mustered out at Leavenworth. He received a gunshot wound +in the elbow at Lexington, and a sabre wound in the head and another in +the arm in a cavalry charge at Piedmont. + +In 1866 Capt. Murphy married and settled in Madelia, Minnesota, where he +engaged in farming and stock-raising. He has ever been a highly respected +and influential citizen, and in 1871 was elected to the Legislature, where +he served with credit. He is a man of marked intelligence, especially upon +agricultural subjects and is possessed of great coolness and daring. When +he came upon the field at the Watonwan, where the robbers were to be +routed out of their hiding-place, his assumption of command was accepted +as quite a matter of course. + + + + +THOMAS LENT VOUGHT was descended on his father’s side from one of the old +colonial Dutch families of New York, and on the side of his mother from +the early pioneers of Orange County. He was born in Walcott, Wayne County, +April 29th, 1833. His boyhood was chiefly spent on his father’s farm on +the shore of Lake Ontario, He lost his mother by death when he was seven +years old, and his father at seventeen. In the year preceding the father’s +death the family had emigrated to Rock county, Wisconsin. At nineteen +years of age Thomas went to La Crosse, where he was employed first as a +lumberman and afterwards in a hotel, and where, in 1827, he was married to +Miss Hester Green. Two years later the young people settled on a farm at +Bryce Prairie, where they remained until the opening of the War of the +Rebellion. Mr. Vought then enlisted in the 14th Wisconsin Regiment, in +which he served throughout the War. + +In 1866 he removed with his family to Madelia, Minnesota, then so far on +the frontier that their house was the first one in Watonwan County to be +painted and plastered. For the next five years Mr. Vought operated a line +of mail and passenger stages. When the building of the railroad rendered +the stage obsolete, he purchased the Flanders Hotel, destined to become +famous in connection with the two visits—one voluntary and the other +involuntary—of the bank robbers in 1876, as already stated. Since that +time, Col. Vought has resided at different times in New York, Dakota and +Wisconsin, as health and other interests dictated, and has been now a +farmer, now a merchant, now a landlord. His present residence is La +Crosse, Wisconsin, where Mrs. Vought died on Nov. 17th, 1894. They have +had seven children, of whom four are still living. + + + + +BENJAMIN M. RICE was the son of Hon. W. D. Rice, a distinguished citizen +of St. James, Minnesota. He was born in Green County, Alabama, February +8th, 1851. In the following year his father removed to Arkansas. Benjamin +was educated at the Christian Brothers College in St. Louis. In 1869 the +family came to Minnesota, and in 1870 they settled in St. James. The town +was not then surveyed. In 1873 he was appointed as engrossing clerk in the +state legislature, in which his father repeatedly served as a member. + +The young man was noted for both the ardent, impetuous temperament and the +chivalrous manners of the southern gentleman. He was exceptionally expert +in the use of arms, being, it is said, for quickness and accuracy of aim, +the equal of any of the robbers whom he encountered at the Watonwan. He +was one of the two men from St. James whom the news of the reappearance of +the robbers drew to the scene, Mr. G. S. Thompson being the other; and he +was one of the coolest in the contest that followed. A comrade who marched +by his side says that he “seemed to be in his element.” + +In the autumn following the capture Mr. Rice removed to Murfreesboro, +Tennesee. Here he was married soon after to Miss Sallie Bell Wright of +that city. After a few years spent in commercial business there, he +removed to Lake Weir, Florida, where he died August 14th, 1889, leaving a +widow and two children. Mrs. Rice did not long survive him, but the son +and the daughter still reside in Florida. + + + + +GEORGE A. BRADFORD was born near the village of Patriot, on the Ohio River +in the state of Indiana, on the 28th of June, 1847. When about twenty year +of age, he emigrated with his parents to the then new state of Minnesota. +For the next six years he divided his time between farming and +school-keeping, working on the farm in the summer and teaching school in +the winter. In 1873 he became a clerk in a store, and after a time went +into business on his own account. He was married in 1877 to Miss Flora J. +Cheney, of Madelia. Mr. Bradford is well educated, and much respected in +the community in which he lives, and a man of the highest integrity, and +of great firmness of character. His modesty is shown in that when +responding to the writer’s request for biographical material for this +notice, he had much more to say about the virtues of his comrades in the +fight than about himself. + +He was one of the last to arrive at the scene of battle, but one of the +first to respond to the call for men to enter the robbers’ retreat. He was +slightly wounded in the engagement; but the wound did not prevent his +doing his full share in the capture of the bandits. + +Mr. Bradford has retired from business and is now engaged in farming at +Madelia. + + + + +CHARLES A. POMEROY was born in Rutledge, Cattaraugus County, New York. His +father, Mr. C. M. Pomeroy, was one of the earliest settlers in Madelia, +Minnesota, having come to that place in 1856, while Minnesota was still a +territory. He became one of the leading citizens of the community, a +justice of the peace, etc. The young man was early inured to the hardships +and the exigencies of pioneer life,—a good school in which to train one +for such emergencies as that with which, as we have seen, he was destined +to be identified. He was also a witness of some of the scenes of the great +Indian uprising and massacre which swept over that part of Minnesota in +1862. + +Mr. Pomeroy is described as short, compact, powerfully built, quiet in +disposition, industrious and unobtrusive, yet cool and courageous in +danger. He did not hear of the proximity of the robbers on that memorable +21st of September until the first squad of Madelia men had started for the +scene; but the moment the news reached his ears, he armed himself, mounted +his horse and hastened after them, reaching the field in season to offer +himself as one of the seven volunteers who undertook the perilous attack. +Mr. Pomeroy was married in 1879, and his home is still in Madelia. + + + + +S. J. SEVERSON was born in Wisconsin, in 1855, of Norwegian parents, the +only one of that nationality among the seven captors. Coming, in the +course of time to Minnesota, he spent several years on a farm, after which +he became a clerk in a store, where he was employed at the time of the +raid. A published description of him at that time by one who knew him well +thus characterizes him: “The jolliest and most popular young man, +especially among his customers. He speaks several languages well. To his +wit and good nature everybody will bear witness, especially the ladies. He +is a good salesman, industrious, correct and to be depended on. He is +short, stout, and a little ‘dare-devil’ if any trouble is on hand.” + +Mr. Severson quickly caught the news of the discovery of the robbers, and +was among the first to join in the chase and in the attack, shooting at +them in the open ground, following them through the slough, and hunting +them in their hiding-place. Like Mr. Bradford, he was slightly wounded in +the wrist at the first shot from the robbers,—a mere graze of the skin, +but enough to remind him that they were not shooting into the air. + +Mr. Severson’s present home is in Brookings, South Dakota. + + + + +OSCAR OLESON SUBORN was, like Mr. Severson, the son of Norwegian parents, +but born on American soil. Little is known of his life excepting the +events narrated in Chapter VII, in connection with the capture; every +effort of the writer, seconded by those of obliging friends, having failed +to discover any trace of the brave boy who was the Paul Revere of the +final victory, and whose name may well close our Roll of Honor. + + + + + +CHAPTER X. THE HEYWOOD MEMORIAL FUND. + + +The following circular and statement concerning the fund contributed by +the banks of the United States and Canada, as a testimonial to the heroism +of Mr. Heywood, explain themselves: + + + + + TO BANKS AND BANKERS: + + +On the 7th day of September, 1876, Mr. J. L. Heywood, Acting Cashier of +the First National Bank of Northfield, Minnesota, was instantly killed by +a pistol shot, while refusing to open his safe in obedience to the +commands of a gang of ruffians who entered the bank in broad daylight with +the avowed intention of robbery. Eight desperadoes, heavily armed (now +supposed to be the James and Younger Brothers, of Missouri, and others), +rode into town about noon and commenced shooting at all who made their +appearance on the streets, while three of their number entered the bank. +The citizens quickly comprehended the position, and with such firearms as +they could command, opened fire on the horsemen, killing two of their +number, and causing the others to take flight. Mr. Heywood could have +saved his life by surrendering his trust, but, with a knife actually +grazing his throat, replied that they could kill him, but that he would +not open the safe. + +Does not such a noble devotion to duty, in such marked contrast as it is +to the frequent reports of defaulting clerks, demand of the Banking +interest of the country some recognition. This young man leave a widow and +one child in dependent circumstances. A voluntary offering on the part of +each of the Banks and Bankers of the country, as a recognition of the rare +fidelity to duty of Mr. Heywood, would place his family above want, and +serve while the memory of this sad affair shall last, to show that +faithfulness in places of trust is and will be appreciated. + +In view of the above facts, a meeting of the Banks and Bankers of St. +Paul, Minnesota, was held on September 19th, at which Five Hundred Dollars +was subscribed, and Messrs. H. P. Upham, Jno. S. Prince, and Walter Mann, +were appointed a committee to receive contributions for this object, and +instructed to issue this circular appeal to the Banks and Bankers of the +country. + +Your attention is called to the following extract from the Boston +Advertiser, which has suggested this action: + + + + + THE HERO OF NORTHFIELD. + + +“The bank cashier, Mr. J. L. Heywood, of Northfield, Minn., who, with a +bowie-knife at his throat and a pistol at his temple, returned a decisive +‘No’ to the demand of the gang of robbers that he should open the bank +vault to be plundered, is rightly enrolled among the heroes of our times. +In him fidelity and courage of the noblest quality were illustrated again. +He is dead, but the trust committed to him was not betrayed, and his name +will live in honor. He fell at the post of duty as gallantly as any knight +of any age. He has done the world a service. We know nothing of his +history but this one act for which he died, but it is enough. He belonged +to the high order of manhood which yields to no threat, and calmly +confronts all the odds of fate. Whether he has left father or mother, wife +or child, we do not know; but if he has they have reason to be proud of +their relation to such a man. The whole banking interest of the country +owes him a debt. If he has left any who were dependent on him, they should +be placed above the possibility of want. The bank he saved can afford to +do this alone, but we hope it will be done handsomely and promptly by a +combined movement on the part of all the banking institutions of the +country. The encouragement of such conduct is the wisest measure of +protection they can resort to. There ought to be such a testimonial of +appreciation of his unquailing fidelity as will distinguish the example +forever.” + + H. THOMPSON, Prest. First National Bank, St. Paul. + D.A. MONTFORT, Prest. Second National Bank, St. Paul. + M. AUERBACH, Prest. Merchants National Bank. St. Paul. + F. WILLIUS, Prest. German American Bank, St. Paul. + JNO. S. PRICE. Prest. Savings Bank. St. Paul. + O. B. TURRELL, Prest. Marine Bank, St. Paul. + JNO. FARRINGTON, Prest. Farmers & Mechanics Bank, St. Paul. + DAWSON & Co., Bankers, St. Paul. + Please direct your replies to any of the above Banks, and they will be + promptly acknowledged and faithfully applied. +ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA, Sept. 20, 1876. + + + + + + THE RESPONSE. + + +ST. PAUL, MINN., February 1st, 1877. + +TO THE SUBSCRIBERS TO THE “HEYWOOD FUND.”—The undersigned, a committee +appointed at a meeting of the Banks and Bankers of St. Paul, Minnesota, +Sept. 19th, 1876, to issue a circular appeal to all Banks and Bankers in +the United States and Canada, requesting voluntary contributions in aid of +the family of JOSEPH LEE HEYWOOD, late Acting Cashier of the First +National Bank, of Northfield, Minn., respectfully report that on Sept. +20th, 1876, we prepared a circular, and mailed about seven thousand +copies, to all Banks, Bankers, and Savings Banks in the United States, +Territories, and Canada. + +In response to which we $12,701.57 +have received in cash +Less amount paid for 99.51 +printing and postage + $12,602.06 + +The First National Bank 5,000.00 +of Northfield donated to +Mrs. Heywood and the +child, direct +Sum total contributed $17,602.06 + +We have paid to Mrs. $6,301.03 +Joseph Lee Heywood, now +residing at 627 North +Meridian Street, +Indianapolis, Ind. + +We have paid to J. C. $6301.03 +Nutting, President of the +First National Bank of +Northfield, Guardian of +Lizzie May Heywood, only +child of Joseph Lee +Heywood + $12,602.06 + +It is estimated that upward of ten thousand dollars has been expended by +the First National Bank of Northfield, the State and County authorities, +and private citizens, in capturing the robbers. Of the eight robbers, two +were killed on the spot, one was killed and three captured about two weeks +after the attempted robbery, and two succeeded in making their escape. +Under our defective law concerning capital punishment, the three captured +scoundrels saved their necks by pleading guilty to the charge of murder, +and are now in the penitentiary for life. + + HENRY P. UPHAM, + WALTER MANN, + JOHN S. PRINCE, + Committee. + + + + + +LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO THE HEYWOOD FUND + + + + + MINNESOTA. + + +First National Bank Northfield. +First National Bank St. Paul. +Second National Bank 〃 +Merchants National Bank 〃 +German American Bank 〃 +Dawson & Co. 〃 +Marine Bank 〃 +Farmer’s & Mechanics Bank 〃 +Savings Bank 〃 +“A Friend” 〃 +Northwestern National Minneapolis. +Bank +Merchants National Bank 〃 +First National Bank 〃 +National Exchange Bank 〃 +State National Bank 〃 +Hennepin Co. Sav. Bank 〃 +Citizens National Bank Faribault. +C. H. Whipple 〃 +First National Bank Kasson. +First National Bank Shakopee. +First National Bank Lake City. +A Printer Waseca. +First National Bank for Le Roy. +Customer +Citizens National Bank Mankato. +Farmers National Bank Owatonna. +Bank of Worthington Worthington. +First National Bank Stillwater. +Chadbourn Bros. & Co. Blue Earth City. +Farmers & Traders Bank Hastings. +O. Roos Taylors Falls. +First National Bank Faribault. +Lumbermens National Bank Stillwater. +H. D. Brown & Co. Albert Lea. +First National Bank Red Wing. +Pierce, Simmons & Co. Red Wing. +First National Bank Austin. +Bank of Farmington Farmington. +H. H. Bell Duluth. +City Bank Minneapolis. +Eddy & Erskine Plainview. +First National Bank St. Peter. +First National Bank Hastings. + + + + + MASSACHUSETTS. + + +Monson National Bank Monson. +Merchants National Bank Salem. +Geo. L. Ames Salem. +Franklin Co. Natl. Bank Greenfield. +Adams National Bank North Adams. +First National Bank Northampton. +Lechmere National Bank East Cambridge. +Framingham National Bank Framingham. +Asiatic National Bank Salem. +Geo. E. Bullard Boston. +Salem Savings Bank Salem. +Safety Fund National Bank Fitchburg. +Naumkeag National Bank Salem. +National City Bank Boston. +C. C. Barry Boston. +Northboro National Bank Northboro. +Mercantile National Bank Salem. +Charles River National Cambridge. +Bank +Bay State National Bank Lawrence. +Crocker National Bank Turners Falls. +South Danvers National Peabody. +Bank +Worcester National Bank Worcester. +City National Bank 〃 +Central National Bank 〃 +Merchants National Bank 〃 +Security National Bank 〃 +Quinsigamond National 〃 +Bank +Citizens National Bank 〃 +First National Bank 〃 +Worcester Co. Inst. for Worcester. +Savings +Worcester Mechanics 〃 +Savings Bank +Peoples Savings Bank 〃 +Worcester Five Cent 〃 +Savings Bank +Worcester Safe Dep. & 〃 +Trust Co. +Salem National Bank Salem. +National Granite Bank Quincy. +Central National Bank Lynn. +Townsend National Bank Townsend. +Housatonic National Bank Stockbridge. +Leicester National Bank Leicester. +Conway National Bank Conway. + + + + + RECEIVED THROUGH THE ASSOCIATED BANKS OF BOSTON + + +Taunton National Bank Taunton. +Old Boston National Bank Boston. +Second 〃 〃 〃 +Merchants 〃 〃 〃 +Howard 〃 〃 +Suffolk 〃 〃 +Faneuil Hall 〃 〃 +Blackstone 〃 〃 〃 +Tremont 〃 〃 〃 +Exchange 〃 〃 〃 +Maverick 〃 〃 〃 +Revere 〃 〃 〃 +North 〃 〃 〃 +Shoe & Leather 〃 〃 〃 +Shawmut 〃 〃 〃 +Everett 〃 〃 〃 +Third 〃 〃 〃 +Eagle 〃 〃 〃 +Traders 〃 〃 〃 +First 〃 〃 〃 +Market 〃 〃 〃 +Redemption 〃 〃 〃 +Webster National Bank Boston +Hamilton 〃 〃 〃 +Freemans 〃 〃 〃 +Massachusetts 〃 〃 〃 +Boylston 〃 〃 〃 +New England 〃 +Hide & Leather 〃 〃 +Mass. Hosp. Life 〃 +Insurance Co +Union Sale Dep. Vaults 〃 +Appleton National Bank Lowell. +Railroad 〃 〃 〃 +Chapin Banking Company Springfield. +Bank of Brighton Brighton. +Warren National Bank Peabody. +Millers Rivers National Athol. +Bank +First National Bank Greenfield. +Cambridge City National Cambridge. +Bank +Pacific National Bank Nantucket. +Merchants National Bank Newburyport. +Newburyport Savings Bank 〃 +First National Bank 〃 +Ocean National Bank 〃 +Mechanics National Bank 〃 +Five Cent Savings Bank 〃 +Cambridgeport National Cambridgeport. +Bank +National City Bank Lynn. +American National Bank Hartford, Conn. +Mercantile National Bank 〃 +Birmingham National Bank Birmingham, Conn. +Central National Bank Middletown, 〃 +Waterbury National Bank Waterbury, 〃 +Middlesex County National Middletown, 〃 +Bank +Employes of above bank 〃 +New Haven County National New Haven, 〃 +Bank +First National Bank Augusta, Maine. +Granite 〃 〃 〃 〃 +First 〃 〃 Concord, 〃 +Calais 〃 〃 Calais, 〃 +Freemans 〃 〃 Augusta, 〃 +Kennebec Savings Bank 〃 +Cabasse National Bank Gardiner 〃 +Gardiner National Bank 〃 +Bath National Bank Bath 〃 +Falls Village Savings 〃 +Bank +Third National 〃 Providence, R; I. +Bank of North America 〃 〃 +Slater National Bank Pawtucket, 〃 +Rhode Island National Weybasset, 〃 +Bank +Rockingham National Bank Portsmouth, N. H. +Strafford National Bank Dover, N. H.. +National State Capital Concord, N. H. +Bank +Bank of Derby Line Derby, Vt +Montpielier National Bank Montpelier, Vt. +Niantic National Bank Westerley, 〃 + + + + + NEW YORK. + + +National Bank West Troy. +Bank of America 〃 New York. +Tanners National Bank Catskill. +J. G. Munro Buffalo. +Marine Bank 〃 +H. F. Spaulding, Pres. New York. +Central Trust Co. +Brown Bros. & Co 〃 +Importers & Traders Natl. 〃 +Bank +Farmers & Mechanics Natl. Buffalo. +Bank +F. R. Delano & Co. Niagara Falls. +Ten Banks in Syracuse. +Lyons National Bank Lyons. +Manufacturers National Troy. +Bank +First National Bank New York. +Fisk & Hatch 〃 +E. P. Cook Havana. +National Central Bank Cherry Valley. +National Bank of Salem Salem. +Merchants National Bank New York. +Munroe County Savings Rochester. +Bank +Mechanics National Bank New York. +G. H. Smith Haverstraw. +City Bank Oswego. +Manufacturers National Williamsburg. +Bank +Bank of North America New York. +Manhattan Co. 〃 +Metropolitan National 〃 +Bank +W. W. Astor 〃 +Gallatin National Bank 〃 +Executive Commercial 〃 +Mercantile Trust Co. +First National Bank Red Hook. +First National Bank Jamestown. +Farmers National Bank Amsterdam. +Chemical National Bank New York. +New York Savings Bank 〃 +American Ex. National 〃 +Bank +J. T. Foote 〃 +First National Bank Champlain. +Witmer Bros. Suspension Bridge. +City National Bank Jamestown. +Manufacturers Bank Cohoes. +C. P. Williams Albany. +First National Bank Rondout. +Third National Bank New York. + + + + + MISSOURI. + + +Bank of Holden Holden. +People’s Savings Bank Chillicothe. +Third National Bank St. Louis. +Montgomery County Bank Montgomery City. +Boone County National Columbia. +Bank +First National Bank St. Joseph. +Bank of Joplin Joplin. +First National Bank Kansas City. +Scotland County Bank Memphis. +Farmer and Drovers Bank Carthage. +Bank of Commerce St. Louis. +First National Bank Paris. +Lawrence County Bank Pierce City. +Franklin Abe. Germ. Sav. St. Louis. +Institution +Waverly Bank Waverly. +Aull Savings Bank Lexington. + + + + + TENNESSEE. + + +First National Bank Chattanooga. +Commercial National Bank Knoxville. + + + + + OHIO. + + +Jos. F. Larkin & Co Cincinnati. +Ramsey & Teeple Delta. +Farmers Bank Wapakoneta. +Second National Bank Toledo. +First National Bank Massillon. +First National Bank Portsmouth. +Harrison National Bank Cadiz. +Commercial National Bank Cleveland. +Barber & Merrill Wauseon. +First National Bank Troy. +Merchants National Bank Dayton. +Youngstown Savings and Youngstown. +Loan Association +Wicks Bros. & Co 〃 +Second National Bank 〃 +First National Bank 〃 +First National Bank Springfield. +First National Bank East Liverpool. +First National Bank Ashland. + + + + + MICHIGAN. + + +Second National Bank Detroit. +Second National Bank Hillsdale. +First National Bank Plymouth. +First National Bank St. Joseph. +First National Bank Port Huron. +Randall & Darrah Grand Rapids. +National Bank of Michigan Marshall. +Boies, Rude & Co. Hudson. +First National Bank Houghton. +First National Batik Dowagiac. +Ann Arbor Savings Bank Ann Arbor. +Perkins, Thompson & Co Hudson. +First National Bank Hancock. +Merchants & Miners Bank Calumet. + + + + + INDIANA. + + +Richmond National Bank Richmond. +Fort Wayne National Bank Fort Wayne. +Citizens National Bank Jeffersonville +First National Bank New Albany. +Brazil Bank Brazil. +Walkers Bank Kokomo. +Citizens National Bank Greensburg. +National Branch Bank Madison. +First National Bank Richmond. +Citizens National Bank Peru. +First National Bank Tell City. + + + + + ILLINOIS. + + +First National Bank Marseilles. +Commercial National Bank Chicago +Chicago Clearings House 〃 +Association +Union National Bank Aurora. +J. A. Beach Bunker Hill. +“A Friend” Girard. +Bank of Forreston Forreston. +Geo. Wright Paxton. +First National Bank Peoria. +First National Bank Princeton. +City National Bank Cairo. +Peoples Bank Bloomington. +Scott & Wrigley Wyoming. +C. G. Cloud McLeansboro. +Union National Bank Streator. +Knowlton Bros Freeport. +Alton National Bank Alton. +W. F. Thornton & Son Shelbyville. +Farmers National Bank Keithsburg. +First National Bank Freeport. +First National Bank Kankakee. +First National Bank Ottawa. +Citizens National Bank 〃 +First National Bank Quincy. +First National Bank Arcola. +Edgar Co. National Bank Paris. +Griggsville National Bank Griggsville. +Cass Co. Bank Beardstown. +First National Bank Knoxville. +T. W. Raymond & Co Kinmundy. +Ridgely National Bank Springfield. +First National Bank Warsaw. +First National Bank Shawneetown. +First National Bank Rushville. +Stetson, Littlewood & Farmington. +Richards +First National Bank Canton. +First National Bank Centralia. + + + + + MAINE. + + +First National Bank Brunswick. +West Waterville National West Waterville. +Bank +First National Bank Damariscotta. +People’s National Bank Waterville. +Banks in Portland. + + + + + VERMONT. + + +First National Bank Fairhaven. +First National Bank Orwell. + + + + + ARKANSAS. + + +National Bank Western Fort Smith. +Arkansas + + + + + CALIFORNIA. + + +Bank of Woodland Woodland. +Caisse d’Epargnes San Francisco. +francaise +Kern Valley Bank Bakersfield. +First National Gold Bank Oakland. +Nevada Bank San Francisco. +Santa Barbara County Bank Santa Barbara. + + + + + COLORADO. + + +First National Bank Denver. +First National Bank Trinidad. +Emerson & West Greeley. +Colorado National Bank Denver. + + + + + DAKOTA TERRITORY. + + +Mark M. Parmer Yankton. + + + + + NEW HAMPSHIRE. + + +Claremont National Bank Claremont. +Castleton National Bank Castleton. +National Bank of Lebanon Lebanon. +Littleton National Bank Littleton. + + + + + TEXAS. + + +Ragnet & Fry Marshall. +J. R. Couts & Co Weatherford. +Merchants and Planters Sherman. +Bank +First National Bank Parsons. + + + + + RHODE ISLAND. + + +Roger Williams National Providence. +Bank +Manufacturers National 〃 +Bank +Washington National Bank Westerly. +National Phoenix Bank 〃 +National Exchange Bank Providence. +Centerville National Bank Centreville. +Warwick Institute for 〃 +Savings +Merchants National Bank Providence. + + + + + CONNECTICUT. + + +First National Bank Middletown. +First National Bank Stamford. +Phoenix National Bank Hartford. +Geo. A. Butler New Haven. +Banks of Bridgeport. Bridgeport. +Hartford National Bank Hartford. +Deep River National Bank Deep River. +Stamford National Bank Stamford. +Farmers & Mechanics Middletown. +Savings Bank +Norwich Savings Bank Norwich. +Thames National Bank 〃 + + + + + PENNSYLVANIA. + + +First National Bank Columbia. +First National Bink Sharon. +Pittsburgh Clearing House Pittsburgh +Association. +National Bank Pottstown . +First National Bank Oil City. +National Bank, Chester Coatesvillle. +Valley +First National Bank Pittston. +Watsontown Bank Watsontown. +Cassatt & Co Philadelphia. +First National Bank Shippensburg. +First National Bank Hanover. +Hanover +First National Bank Strasburg. +St. Petersburg Savings St. Petersburg. +Bank +Marine National Bank Erie. +National Bank, Fayette Co Uniontown. +National Bank, Chester Co Chester. +Marine National Bank Pittsburg. +Columbia National Bank Columbia. +Citizens National Bank Ashland. +Doylstown National Bank Doylestown. +Spring Garden Bank Philadelphia. +National Bank, Oxford Oxford. +First National Bank Altoona. +Commercial National Bank Philadelphia +of Pennsylvania. +National Bank Republic 〃 +Union National Bank 〃 +National Bank of Phoenixville. +Farmers & Mechanics 〃 +National Bank +Bank of North America Philadelphia. +W. L. DuBois 〃 + + + + + IOWA. + + +First National Bank Belle Plaine. +Levitt, Johnson & Lursch Waterloo. +First National Bank Boone. +First National Bank Wyoming. +First National Bank Decorah. +National State Bank Burlington. +Conger, Pierce & Co Dexter. +E. Manning Keosaugua. +First National Bank Chariton. +Citizen’s National Bank Winterset. +H. F. Greef & Bro Beautonsport. +Council Bluff Savings Council Bluffs. +Bank +Greene County Bank Jefferson. +Muscatine National Bank Muscatine. +State National Bank Keokuk. +First National Bank Red Oak. +Davenport National Bank Davenport. +Bank of Carroll Carroll City. +Cerro Gordo County Bank Mason City. +Clinton National Bank Clinton. +Silverman, Cook & Co Muscatine. +First National Bank Grinnell. + + + + + KANSAS. + + +Topeka National Bank Topeka. +Abilene Bank Abilene. +Humboldt Bank Humboldt. +D. W. Powers & Co Ellsworth. +Emporia National Bank Emporia. +Turner & Otis Independence. + + + + + MARYLAND. + + +First National Bank Baltimore. +National Union Bank 〃 +First National Bank Westminster. +National Bank of Baltimore. +Baltimore + + + + + CANADA. + + +Merchants Bank, Canada Hamilton. +Bank of Toronto Toronto. +Thos. Fyshe Halifax. + + + + + KENTUCKY. + + +Theo. Schwartz & Co Louisville. +National Bank of Cynthiana. +Cynthiana +German National Bank Covington. + + + + + ALABAMA. + + +City National Bank Selma. + + + + + SOUTH CAROLINA. + + +South Carolina Loan & Charleston. +Trust Co. +National Bank Anderson. + + + + + MISSISSIPPI. + + +Vicksburgh Bank Vicksburg. + + + + + NEW JERSEY. + + +First National Bank Morristown. + + + + + WISCONSIN. + + +First National Bank Milwaukee. +National Exchange Bank 〃 +Manufacturers National Racine. +Bank +First National Bank Whitewater. +Wisconsin Marine & Fire Milwaukee. +Ins. Co. Bank +First National Bink Hudson. +Bank of Evansville Evansville. +Batavian Bank La Crosse. +National Bank Delavan. +First National Bank Munroe. +Bowman & Humbird Black River Falls. +Milwaukee National Bank Milwaukee. +Second Ward Savings Bank 〃 +German Bank Sheboygan. +J. F. Cleghorn Clinton. +Savings Bank Fond du Lac. +Kellogg National Bank Green Bay. +First National Bank Madison. +Waukesha National Bank Waukesha. +Marshall & Ilsley Milwaukee. +Shullsburg Bank Shullsburg. +First National Bank Fond du Lac. +Humphry & Clark Bloomington. +Second Ward Saving Bank Milwaukee. + + + + + DELAWARE. + + +Delaware City National Delaware. +Bank +First National Bank Wilmington. +Union National Bank 〃 +National Bank of Delaware 〃 +National Bank of 〃 +Wilmington & B. W. +Newport National Bank Newport. + + + + + WEST VIRGINIA. + + +Merchants National Bank Morganstown. +of W. Virginia +Commercial Bank Wheeling. +Exchange Bank 〃 + + + + + VIRGINIA. + + +Planters & Mechanics Bank Petersburg. +German Banking Company Alexandria. + + + + + LOUISIANA. + + +Citizens Bank of New Orleans. +Louisiana + + + + + GEORGIA. + + +Bank of Americus Americus. + + + + + UTAH + + +Deseret National Bank Salt Lake City. + + + + + OREGON. + + +First National Bank Portland. +Ladd & Tilton 〃 +“Unknown” + + + + + + +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ROBBER AND HERO; THE STORY OF THE RAID ON THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF NORTHFIELD, MINNESOTA, BY THE JAMES-YOUNGER BAND OF ROBBERS, IN 1876.*** + + + +CREDITS + + +December 1, 2013 + + Project Gutenberg edition 10 + Martin Schub + + + +A WORD FROM PROJECT GUTENBERG + + +This file should be named 44415‐0.txt or 44415‐0.zip. + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + + + http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/4/4/1/44415/ + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one — the old editions will be +renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no one +owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and +you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission +and without paying copyright royalties. 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