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diff --git a/old/44241.txt b/old/44241.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f3d7626 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/44241.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3204 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Jerusalem Explored, Volume II--Plates, by Ermete Pierotti + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Jerusalem Explored, Volume II--Plates + Being a description of the ancient and modern city, with + numerous illustrations consisting of views, ground plans + and sections + +Author: Ermete Pierotti + +Translator: Thomas George Bonney + +Release Date: November 21, 2013 [EBook #44241] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JERUSALEM EXPLORED, VOLUME 2 *** + + + + +Produced by Sigal Alon, Carol Brown, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by the Jewish National and University Library, Digitized +Book Repository) + + + + + + + + + + JERUSALEM EXPLORED + + BEING + + A Description of the Ancient and Modern City. + + + + + Cambridge: + PRINTED BY C. J. CLAY, M.A. + AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. + + + + + JERUSALEM EXPLORED + + BEING + + A Description of the Ancient and Modern City, + + WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS + CONSISTING OF VIEWS, GROUND PLANS, AND SECTIONS, + + BY ERMETE PIEROTTI, + + DOCTOR OF MATHEMATICS, AND ARCHITECT-ENGINEER, CIVIL AND MILITARY, TO + HIS EXCELLENCY SURRAYA PASHA OF JERUSALEM. + + TRANSLATED BY + + THOMAS GEORGE BONNEY, M.A., F.G.S. + + FELLOW OF ST JOHN'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. + + + VOLUME II.--PLATES. + + [Illustration: Printer's logo] + + LONDON: BELL AND DALDY, FLEET STREET. + CAMBRIDGE: DEIGHTON, BELL, AND CO. + + M.DCCC.LXIV. + + [The right of Translation is reserved.] + + + + + CONTENTS. + + + PLATE + + I. PANORAMA OF JERUSALEM, SEEN FROM THE MOUNT OF OLIVES. + + II. PLAN OF MODERN JERUSALEM. + + III. PLAN OF ANCIENT JERUSALEM. + + IV. FOUR SECTIONS OF ANCIENT JERUSALEM, SHEWING THE UNDERGROUND + CONSTRUCTIONS IN COMPARISON WITH THE PRESENT LEVEL OF THE CITY. + + V. ANCIENT CITADEL OF THE JEBUSITES, AFTERWARDS THAT OF DAVID, + THEN THAT OF THE PISANS. THE JAFFA GATE. + + VI. THE TOWERS PHASAELUS AND MARIAMNE. THE TOWER HIPPICUS IS + CONCEALED BY PHASAELUS. + + VII. GATE OF DAMASCUS. + + VIII. VIEWS OF THE ROYAL CAVERNS, AND OF THE GROTTO OF JEREMIAH. + + IX. PLANS AND SECTIONS OF THE ROYAL CAVERNS, AND OF THE GROTTO OF + JEREMIAH. + + X. DETAILS OF ANCIENT MASONRY--OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANCIENT + CONDUITS--OF THE POOLS--OF THE WELL OF JOAB, AND OF SOLOMON'S + RESERVOIRS AT ETHAM. + + XI. THE HARAM ES-SHERIF. + + XII. PLAN OF LAND BELONGING TO THE DAUGHTERS OF SION, AND OF THE + SUBTERRANEAN PASSAGE COMMUNICATING WITH MORIAH, DISCOVERED BY + PIEROTTI--SECTIONS RELATING TO THIS LAND AND TO MOUNT MORIAH. + + XIII. VIEW OF THE ARCH OF THE ECCE-HOMO, WITH THE SMALLER ARCH TO + THE NORTH, DISCOVERED BY PIEROTTI. + + XIV. VIEW OF THE BARRACK OF THE HARAM ES-SHERIF. + + XV. REMAINS OF ANCIENT MASONRY, CALLED THE RUINS OF THE TOWER + ANTONIA. + + XVI. VIEW OF THE POOL OF BETHESDA. + + XVII. ANCIENT JEWISH WORK IN THE NORTH-EAST OF THE HARAM WALL, NEAR + S. MARY'S GATE. + + XVIII. EASTERN VIEW OF THE GOLDEN GATE. + + XIX. WESTERN VIEW OF THE GOLDEN GATE. + + XX. VIEW OF THE SOUTH GATE OF THE HARAM ES-SHERIF (BAB EL-HULDAH). + + XXI. WESTERN VIEW OF EL-AKSA, NEAR THE SOUTH-WESTERN ANGLE. + + XXII. WAILING-PLACE OF THE JEWS. A PORTION OF THE ANCIENT WALL OF + THE TEMPLE ENCLOSURE. + + XXIII. FACADE OF THE MOSQUE EL-AKSA. + + XXIV. SECTION OF THE MOSQUE OF EL-AKSA, AND OF ITS SUBSTRUCTIONS. + + XXV. UNDERGROUND WORKS OF THE MOSQUE OF EL-AKSA, THE MONOLITH IN THE + UNDERGROUND WORKS. + + XXVI. NORTH-EASTERN VIEW OF KUBBET ES-SAKHARAH, AND OF KUBBET + ES-SILSILEH. + + XXVII. SECTION OF KUBBET ES-SAKHARAH--VIEW OF THE INTERIOR OF THE + GOLDEN GATE. + + XXVIII. FOUR MOSAICS IN THE INTERIOR OF KUBBET ES-SAKHARAH, AND + MOSQUE EL-AKSA. + + XXIX. DETAILS OF THE CAPITAL OF THE MONOLITH IN THE UNDERGROUND + WORKS OF EL-AKSA; OF THE ORNAMENTATION OF THE GOLDEN GATE; AND + OF THE SIX CAPITALS WHICH CROWN THE COLUMNS OF THE MOSQUES. + + XXX. PLAN AND SECTION OF LAND SURROUNDING THE CHURCH OF THE + RESURRECTION AND THE HOSPITAL OF THE KNIGHTS OF S. JOHN. + + XXXI. VIEW OF THE POOL AMYGDALON, AND OF THE DOMES OF THE CHURCH OF + THE RESURRECTION. + + XXXII. FRONT OF THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION. + + XXXIII. GATE OF THE ENTRANCE-DOOR TO THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION. + + XXXIV. PLAN OF THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION WITH ITS LEVELS, AND + SECTION OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE--PLAN AND SECTION OF THE TOMB IN + ITS ANCIENT AND IN ITS PRESENT STATE. + + XXXV. INTERIOR VIEWS OF THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION, VIZ. GREAT + DOME, CALVARY GREEK CHAPEL, CHAPEL OF S. HELENA. + + XXXVI. DETAILS OF SEVEN CAPITALS IN AND NEAR THE CHURCH OF THE + RESURRECTION. + + XXXVII. ENTRANCE TO THE HOSPITAL OF S. JOHN. + + XXXVIII. RUINS OF THE CHURCH OF S. MARY THE GREAT. + + XXXIX. PLANS AND SECTIONS OF THE ARMENIAN CHURCH OF S. JAMES, AND + MOSAICS. + + XL. VIEW OF THE CHURCH OF S. ANN. PROPERTY OF FRANCE. + + XLI. PLANS AND SECTIONS OF THE FRENCH CHURCH OF S. ANN. + + XLII. INTERIOR OF THE CHURCH OF S. ANN, AND FOUR DETAILS OF + ORNAMENTATION. + + XLIII. TWO DOORS IN THE TEKHIYEH EL-KHASSEKI-SULTANE, COMMONLY CALLED + THE HOSPITAL OF S. HELENA. + + XLIV. ANCIENT GATE OF SARACENIC ARCHITECTURE IN THE DESCENT OF + SILLA, AND A VIEW OF A FOUNTAIN IN THE TYROPOEON VALLEY. + + XLV. VIEW OF THE COENACULUM, AND OF THE SO-CALLED TOMB OF DAVID. + + XLVI. PLAN AND SECTION OF THE COENACULUM; THE SO-CALLED TOMB OF + DAVID; AND OF THE UNDERGROUND WORKS OF MOUNT SION. + + XLVII. PLAN AND SECTION OF THE TOMBS OF ACELDAMA. + + XLVIII. SOUTH-EASTERN EXTREMITY OF THE VALLEY OF SILOAM. + + XLIX. VIEW OF THE VALLEY OF JEHOSHAPHAT. + + L. FRONT OF THE TOMB OF THE VIRGIN MARY. + + LI. PLANS AND SECTIONS OF THE TOMB OF THE VIRGIN MARY, AND OF THE + CAVE OF THE AGONY. + + LII. MOUNT OF OLIVES AND THE GARDEN OF GETHSEMANE. + + LIII. PLAN AND SECTION OF MOSQUE SITUATED ON THE MOUNT OF OLIVES, + AND DETAILS OF FIVE CAPITALS. + + LIV. PLAN AND SECTIONS OF THE TOMBS OF THE PROPHETS SITUATED IN + THE MOUNT OF OLIVES.--VIEW, PLAN, AND SECTION OF THE TOMB OF + LAZARUS AT BETHANY. + + LV. VIEW OF THE TOMBS OF THE KINGS. + + LVI. PLAN AND SECTIONS OF THE TOMBS OF THE KINGS, AND OF OTHER + TOMBS; THAT OF JEHOSHAPHAT, AND ONE LIKE THAT OF OUR LORD. + + LVII. ANCIENT JEWISH SYNAGOGUE IN THE VALLEY OF THE KIDRON, TOWARDS + THE NORTH. + + LVIII. VIEW OF THE TOMBS OF THE JUDGES, AND OF OTHER TOMBS TO THE + NORTH OF JERUSALEM. + + LIX. PLANS AND SECTIONS OF THE TOMBS OF THE JUDGES, AND OF THE + OTHER TOMBS. + + LX. PLAN AND SECTION OF S. PELAGIA'S TOMB ON THE MOUNT OF + OLIVES.--DETAILS OF SEPULCHRES IN THE VALLEY OF JEHOSHAPHAT, + AND OF SOME OTHERS IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF JERUSALEM. + + LXI. DETAILS RELATING TO THE TOMBS. + + LXII. POOL OF MAMILLAH, OR SERPENTS' POOL (ACCORDING TO JOSEPHUS), + NEAR THE MONUMENT OF HEROD ON THE WEST OF THE CITY. + + LXIII. PLAN AND SECTION OF THE CHURCH OF THE HOLY CROSS TO THE WEST + OF JERUSALEM, AND DETAILS OF THE MOSAICS. + + + + + PLATE I. + + PANORAMA OF JERUSALEM, SEEN FROM THE MOUNT OF OLIVES. + + REFERENCES + + 1. Hill of Evil Counsel. + 2. Aqueduct of Solomon. + 3. Mount of Rephaim. + 4. Cave of S. Peter's Repentance. + 5. Mount Sion. + 6. Tomb of David. + 7. Scene of the Last Supper. + 8. Harem es Sherif. + 9. Court of the Mosque Kubbet es-Sakharrah. + 10. Mosque el Aksa. + 11. Kubbet es-Sakharah. + 12. Jewish Hospital. + 13. Armenian Convent. + 14. Church of S. James. + 15. English Church. + 16. Castle of David. + 17. Greek Convent of S. John the Baptist. + 18. Minaret of Ibrahim's Mosque. + 19. The Western Mountains. + 20. Tower of the Church of the Resurrection. + 21. Church of the Resurrection. + 22. Hospice of Saladin. + 23. Greek Convent of S. Basil. + 24. Latin Convent of S. Saviour. + 25. Minaret of the Serai. + 26. Tekhie el-Kasyeki Sultane. + 27. Residence of the Governor of Jerusalem. + 28. Barrack of the Haram es-Sherif. + 29. A building belonging to the Daughters of Sion. + 30. Minaret. The ancient Palace of Herod. + 31. Church of S. Ann. + 32. Mount Gihon. + 33. Convent of the Dancing Dervishes. + 34. Herod's Gate. + 35. Ancient Church of S. Mary Magdalene. + 36. Bastion of Godfrey of Bouillon. + 37. Kerm es Sheikh. + 38. S. Mary's Gate. + 39. Saracenic Ruin. + 40. Golden Gate. + 41. Cemetery. + 42. Way of the Capture. + 43. Valley of the Kidron. + 44. Place where S. Stephen was stoned (?). + 45. Gethsemane. + 46. Arab Tower. + 47. Tomb of Absalom. + 48. Mount of Offence. + 49. Tomb of the Virgin Mary. + 50. Mount of Olives. + + [Illustration: PLATE I., Panorama of Jerusalem, seen from the Mount + of Olives. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE II. + + PLAN OF MODERN JERUSALEM. + + REFERENCES. + + THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF MODERN JERUSALEM. + (Beginning with the North.) + + A. Ancient Jewish Tombs. + B. Tomb of Simon the Just. + C. Sheikh Jerrak. + D. Remarkable Rock. Site of an ancient Church of Eudoxia. + E. New Protestant Church. + F. Russian Garden. + G. Cisterns. + H. Church. + I. Hospice for Male and Female Pilgrims. + J. House of the Ecclesiastical Mission. + K. Hospital. + L. Coach-houses. + M. Porter's Lodge. + N. Blockhouse of the Guard. + O. Mohammedan Cemetery. + P. Ruins of the Church of S. Babylas. + Q. Ruins. + R. Cave. + S. New Greek Plantations. + T. Greek Convent of S. George. + U. Cistern. + V. Mill. + X. Castle of the Sparrow (Kasr el-Asfur). + Y. Protestant Cemetery. + Z. Protestant School for Boys. + W. Staircase cut in the Rock. + (A. Scene of the Last Supper. + (B. Tomb of David (Neby Daud). + (C. Christian Cemetery. + (D. Cavern of Mount Sion. + (E. American Cemetery. + (F. House of Caiaphas. + (G. Place where the Virgin died. + (H. Cave of S. Peter's Penitence. + (I. Ruins of an Ancient Tomb. + (J. Tomb of S. Onuphrius. + (K. Remarkable Tomb of Aceldama. + (L. Pool of Bir-Eyub. + (M. Ancient Jewish Pool filled up. + (N. Tomb of the Prophet Isaiah. + (O. Pool of Siloam. + (P. Fountain of the Virgin. + (Q. Scarped Rock. + (R. Monolith of Siloam. + (S. Remains of an Ancient Conduit. + (T. Way of the Capture. + (U. Remarkable Tomb. + (V. Tomb of Zachariah. + (X. Tomb of S. James (Diwan Faroon). + (Y. Bridge of the Capture. + (Z. Tomb of Absalom. + (W. Tomb of Jehoshaphat. + a. Water-Conduit. + b. Site of the Ancient Church dedicated to the Pater Noster. + c. Site of the Ancient Church dedicated to the Creed. + d. Tomb of S. Pelagia. + e. Site of the Ascension. + f. Place where Jesus wept over Jerusalem.? + g. Ancient Olive. + h. Place where Judas betrayed Jesus. + i. Place where the Apostles fell asleep. + j. Arab Tower. + k. Cave of the Agony. + l. Tomb of the Virgin. + m. Place where S. Stephen was stoned. + n. Pool called Hammam Sitti-Miryam. + o. Pool of the Pilgrim. + p. Ditch cut in the Rock. + q. Cemetery (Turbet ez-Zahara). + r. Cotton Grotto (Megharet el-Kotton). + s. Cisterns. + + + CIRCUMFERENCE OF THE MODERN CITY. + (Beginning at the North). + + t. Damascus Gate (Bab el-`Amud). + u. Gate of Herod (Bab ez-Zahari). + v. S. Mary's Gate (Bab Sitti-Miryam). + x. Saracenic Ruin. + y. Golden Gate (Bab ed-Dahariyeh). + z. Gate of Jehoshaphat (according to De Saulcy). + w. Sirah Bridge, or Bridge of Paradise. + (a. Gate of Jehoshaphat (according to Pierotti), closed. + (b. Triple gate, closed. + (c. South Gate (Bab el-Huldah), closed. + (d. Dung Gate (Bab el-Mugharibeh). + (e. Sion Gate (Bab en-Neby Daud). + (f. Jaffa Gate (Bab el-Khalil). + (g. The Office of the Quarantine. + (h. The Custom-house. Greek Shops. + + + INTERIOR OF THE CITY. + (Beginning of the West.) + + 1. Castle of David. + 2. Pool filled up. + 3. Present residence of the Latin Patriarch. + 4. House of the Anglican Bishop. + 5. Greek Convent of S. John Baptist. + 6. Pool of Hezekiah. + 7. Hospice of the Copts. + 8. Latin Hospital of S. Louis. + 9. Coptic Convent. + 10. Greek Catholic Convent. + 11. Greek Convent of S. Demetrius. + 12. New residence of the Latin Patriarch. + 13. Mohammedan Tomb. + 14. Ancient Ruins. + 15. Ancient Mosque. + 16. Greek Convent of S. Basil. + 17. Greek Convent of S. Theodore. + 18. Casa Nuova (Deir Jedidi). + 19. Latin Convent of S. Saviour. + 20. Greek Convent of S. George of the Hospital. + 21. Latin School for Boys. + 22. Greek Convent of S. Michael. + 23. Latin Sisters of S. Joseph. + 24. Greek Convent of S. Nicholas. + 25. Temporary residence of the Russian Bishop. + 26. Greek School for Boys. + 27. Greek School for Girls. + 28. Greek Convent of the Virgin Woman. + 29. Greek Convent of S. Constantine. + 30. Residence of the Greek Patriarch. + 31. Greek Convent of S. Catharine. + 32. Greek Convent of S. Euthymius. + 33. Greek Convent of the Virgin Child. + 34. Hospice of Saladin (el-Kanki). + 35. Church of the Resurrection. + 36. Vestibule of the Church of the Resurrection. + 37. Ground anciently belonging to the Knights of S. John. + 38. Lesser Mosque of Omar. + 39. Greek Convent dependent on the Church of Gethsemane. + 40. Land formerly belonging to the Church of S. Mary the Great. + 41. Ruins of the Church of S. Mary the Great. + 42. Ancient Bazaar. + 43. Greek Convent of S. Abraham. + 44. Land for the Russian Consulate on the site of the ancient Church + of S. Mary Latin. + 45. Convent and Court of the Abyssinians. + 46. Cistern of S. Helena belonging to the Copts. + 47. Latin House, called that of the Prince. + 48. Greek Convent of S. Charalampes, where Jesus met the Daughters of + Sion. + 49. Prussian House. + 50. Gate of Judgment, with an ancient pillar. Second Fall of Jesus. + 51. Residence of the Spanish Consul. + 52. Protestant School for Girls. + 53. Protestant School for Carpenters. + 54. New Greek Convent. + 55. Foundation of Ancient Towers. + 56. Mohammedan Convent of Dervishes. + 57. Interior of the Cotton Grotto. + 58. Convent of the Dancing Dervishes, ancient Church of S. Peter. + 59. Mohammedan Tombs. + 60. Ancient Church of S. Mary Magdalen. + 61. Ancient Walls. + 62. Church of S. Ann, the property of France. + 63. Ruins of the Convent of the Sisters of S. Benedict. + 64. Bath (Hammam Sitti Miryam). + 65. Sheep Pool (Birket Israil). + 66. Mohammedan Bath. + 67. Remains of Ancient Masonry, called the Tower Antonia. + 68. Barrack of the Haram es-Sherif. + 69. Scala Sancta. + 70. Chapel dedicated to the Flagellation. + 71. Ancient Church, dedicated to the Nativity of Mary. + 72. Hospice of the Flagellation. + 73. Convent of the Daughters of Sion. + 74. Spring discovered by Pierotti, July 12, 1860. + 75. Subterranean Passage discovered by Pierotti, June 3, 1860. + 76. Ruined Mosque, the ancient Palace of Herod. + 77. Minaret. + 78. Arch, called that of the Ecce Homo. + 79. Hospice of the Kusbeck Dervishes. + 80. Austrian Hospice. + 81. Ruined Church of the Spasma. + 82. First Fall of Christ, upon ground belonging to Armenian Catholics. + 83. Residence of the Governor of Jerusalem. + 84. School of Saladin. + 85. Fountains. + 86. Military Hospital. House of Dives. + 87. Spot where Jesus met his Mother. + 88. Spot where Simon the Cyrenian took the Cross. + 89. House of Veronica. + 90. Prussian Consulate. + 91. Prussian Hospice. + 92. Hospital of S. Helena (Tekhie el-Kasyeki Sultane). + 93. House of the Dervishes. (Ancient Saracenic.) + 94. Ancient German Hospital. + 95. Bazaar of the Haram es-Sherif. + 96. Bath (Hammam es-Shefa). + 97. Ancient Bridge, according to Williams and Pierotti. + 98. Hospital of Omar. + 99. Tribunal of the Kadi (Mehkemeh). + 100. Jews' Wailing-place. + 101. Gate Mugharibeh. + 102. Ancient Pier, called Robinson's Bridge. + 103. Ancient Walls. + 104. Jewish Hospital, called the Rothschild. + 105. Jewish Synagogue. + 106. Jewish Hospice. + 107. Polish Synagogue. + 108. Synagogue. + 109. Ancient Gate. + 110. English Hospital. + 111. English property. + 112. Prussian Hospital. House of the Prussian Deaconesses. + 113. English Church and Houses. + 114. House of S. James the Less. + 115. Ruins of the Prison of S. Peter. + 116. Armenian Convent. + 117. Church of S. James. + 118. Residence of the Armenian Patriarch. + 119. Armenian Garden. + 120. Barrack of Mount Sion. + 121. Armenian Hospice for Pilgrims. + 122. Armenian Seminary. + 123. Armenian House. Pilgrims. + 124. Quarter of the Lepers. + 125. House of Anna (Deir ez-Zeitun). + 126. Greek Convent of S. George. + 127. Large and Ancient Synagogue. + 128. New buildings of the Jews. + + [Illustration: PLAN OF MODERN JERUSALEM, PLATE II. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE III. + + PLAN OF ANCIENT JERUSALEM. + + REFERENCES. + + (Beginning at the North.) + A. Ancient Synagogue. + B. Pool of Kidron. + C. Fosse of the Ancient City, to the North. + D. Channel of the waters of Gihon. + E. Pool of the Serpents, or Bethora. + F. Restored Pool. + G. Remains of Ancient Jewish Walls. + H. Monument of Ananus. + I. Solomon's Pool. King's Pool. + J. Reservoir of Siloam. Pool of Scelah. + K. Pool for Blood. + L. Monolith. Ancient Tomb. + M. Jewish Tombs. + N. Monument erected by Absalom (not the pyramidal part). + O. Golden Gate of the time of Justinian. + P. Gate of the time of Crusaders. + Q. Triple Gate of the time of Justinian. + R. Huldah Gate. + S. Tomb of David and of the other Kings. + + GATES OF THE CITY OF NEHEMIAH. + + I. Sheep Gate. + II. Tower of Hananeel. + III. Tower of Meah. + IV. Fish Gate. + V. The Old Gate. + VI. Ephraim Gate. + VII. Eastern Gate. + VIII. Water Gate. + IX. Fountain Gate. + X. Valley Gate. + XI. Dung Gate. + XII. Steps of the City of David. + XIII. The Broad Wall. + XIV. The Tower of the Furnaces. + XV. Sheepfold Gate. + + GATES OF THE CITY BELONGING TO PERIODS BEFORE THE + TIME OF NEHEMIAH, AND AFTER THE TIME OF HEROD. + + a. Double Gate, or Gate between the Two Walls. + b. Corner Gate. + c. Sheep Gate. + d. Gennath Gate. + e. North Gate. + f. Gate of the Essenes. + + INTERIOR OF THE CITY (ACCORDING TO PIEROTTI). + + 1. Fortress of Sion. + 2. Hippicus. + 3. Phasael. + 4. Mariamne. + 5. Millo. Descent to Silla. Street of David. + 6. Amygdalon. + 7. Tower Psephinus. + 8. Women's Tower. + 9. Corner Tower. + 10. Pool of Struthium. + 11. Tower Baris, or Antonia, or Citadel of Antiochus Epiphanes. + 12. Roman Arch, not earlier than the time of Adrian. + 13. Passage called by Josephus Strato's Tower. + 14. Ancient Praetorium. + 15. Remains of the Walls of the Praetorium. + 16. Pavement, or Gabbatha. + 17. Way of the Cross (according to Pierotti). + 18. Passage of Herod. + 19. Threshing-Floor of Araunah the Jebusite. + 20. Altar of Burnt Offerings. + 21. Cistern for Blood. + 22. Place of the Ashes. + 23. Cisterns for receiving the Blood. + 24. Position of Solomon's Palace. + 25. Basilica of S. Mary, of the time of Justinian. + 26. "Stoa Basilica," early underground Buildings of Jewish construction + restored by Justinian. + 27. Substructions of the Aksa of the time of Justinian. + 28. Ancient Pillar. + 29. Herodian Wall. + 30. Foundations of the Eastern Tower of the Bridge of the time of + the Maccabees. + 31. Palace of the Senate. + 32. Bridge now existing (according to Williams and Pierotti). + 33. Xystus. + 34. Palace of King Agrippa, overlooking the Temple. + 35. Sepulchre of Jesus Christ. + 36. Golgotha. + + [Illustration: PLAN OF ANCIENT JERUSALEM, Plate III. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE IV. + + FOUR SECTIONS OF ANCIENT JERUSALEM, SHEWING THE UNDERGROUND + CONSTRUCTIONS IN COMPARISON WITH THE PRESENT LEVEL OF THE CITY. + + REFERENCES. + + SECTION (A) (B). + + A. Mount Scopus. + B. Ancient Jewish Tomb. + C. Pool of the Kidron. + D. The North-west Mountains. + E. Cistern. + F. Way. + G. Ancient Tomb. + H. Ancient level of the Brook Kidron. + I. Present level of the Brook Kidron. + K. Supposed Water-Conduit of Hezekiah, according to Williams. + L. Monument of Helena, according to De Barrere and Pierotti. + M. Ancient level of the Lower City. + N. Place covered with ruins and earth. + O. Sewers of the Tyropoeon Valley. + P. Cistern. + Q. North Gate, according to Josephus. + R. Damascus Gate. + S. Tower Psephinus of Schultz. + T. Height of Bezetha. + U. Russian property. + V. Tower Psephinus of Barclay. + X. Tower Psephinus of Pierotti. + Y. Present level of the City. + Z. Ancient level of the Upper City. + W. Church of the Resurrection. + a. Latin Convent of S. Saviour. + b. Fountain. + c. Level of the Haram es-Sherif. + d. Residence of the Latin Patriarch. + e. Jaffa Gate. + f. Tower Hippicus. + g. English Church. + h. Street of David. + i. Bridge uniting Moriah and Sion, now existing. + (K). Aqueduct of Solomon. + l. Church of S. James. + m. Dung-Gate. + n. Zion Street. + (O). Subterranean passage. + p. Conduit for blood. + (Q). Fountain of the Virgin. + (T). Water Conduit. + (M). Upper Pool of Siloam. + s. Water Conduit. + t. Lower Pool of Siloam. + u. Valley of Hinnom. + v. Valley of Rephaim. + x. Height of Bezetha. + y. Scene of the Last Supper. + (Z). Aceldama. + (1). Hill of Evil Counsel. + 2. Tophet. + 3. Brook Kidron. + 4. En-Rogel = Bir-Eyub. + + SECTION (G) (H). + + (A). Mount Scopus. + D. The north-west Mountains. + H. Ancient level of the Brook Kidron. + I. Present level of the Brook Kidron. + 5. Ancient Mohammedan Cemetery. + 6. Kerm es-Sheikh. + 7. Ditch of the City, cut in the rock. + 8. Present Wall of the City. + 9. Ancient level of the Northern valley. + N. Place covered with ruins and earth. + T. Height of Bezetha. + X. Tower Psephinus of Pierotti. + 10. Pool of Bethesda. + 11. Subterranean Passage made by Herod. + W. Church of the Resurrection. + 12. Court of the Mosque Kubbet es-Sakharah. + 13. Kubbet es-Sakharah. + e. Jaffa Gate. + 14. Cistern of Araunah. + 15. Cisterns for Blood. + 16. Haram es-Sherif. + 17. Mosque el-Aksa. + 18. Underground works of el-Aksa. + 19. Ophel. + 20. Present wall of the City. + 1. Church of S. James. + p. Conduit for Blood. + (2). Fountain of the Virgin. + 3. Brook Kidron. + 21. Mount Sion. + 22. Village of Siloam. + u. Valley of Hinnom. + x. Height of Bezetha. + 23. Height of the Mount of Offence. + 24. Mount of Offence. + 4. En-Rogel = Bir-Eyub. + + SECTION (D) (C). + + 23. Mount of Olives. + 24. Place where Jesus wept over Jerusalem. + 25. Height of the Mount Scopus. + 26. Jewish Cemetery. + H. Ancient level of the Brook Kidron. + I. Present level of the Brook Kidron. + N. Place covered with ruins and earth. + T. Height of Bezetha. + 8. Present Wall of the City. + p. Conduit for Blood. + 27. Cistern of Blood. + 12. Court of the Mosque Kubbet es-Sakharah. + 14. Cistern of Araunah. + 28. Dome of the Chain. + 13. Kubbet es-Sakharah. + 29. Mount Moriah. + 30. Acra. + 31. Bazaar of the Haram. + 32. Tyropoeon Valley. + 33. Mount Sion. + W. Church of the Resurrection. + 34. Pool of Amygdalon. + (K). Hezekiah's Canal. + 35. Valley of Gihon. + 36. Upper Pool = Birket Mamillah. + 37. Monument of Herod. + + SECTION (E) (F). + + L. Monument of Helena. + M. Ancient level of the City. + 38. Tyropoeon Valley. + 8. Present Wall of the City. + N. Place covered with ruins and earth. + W. Church of the Resurrection. + 39. Mosque of Omar. + 40. Ground anciently belonging to the Knights of S. John. + 41. Mount Gareb. + u. Valley of Hinnom. + v. Valley of Rephaim. + 42. Hill of Evil Counsel. + (1). Hill of Evil Counsel. + + ((S)). Conventional Signs. + + ((a)). Rock. + ((b)). Place covered with ruins and earth. + ((c)). Buildings of the City. + ((d)). Mountains. + ((e)). Water-Conduits. + ((f)). Sewers. + ((g)). Supposed Water-Conduits. + ((h)). Conduit for Blood. + ((i)). Ancient level of the City. + ((h)). Subterranean passages. + ((k)). Ancient or Remarkable Edifices. + + [Illustration: PLATE IV. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE V. + + ANCIENT CITADEL OF THE JEBUSITES, AFTERWARDS THAT OF DAVID, THEN THAT + OF THE PISANS. THE JAFFA GATE. + + + 1. Jaffa Gate. + 2. Present Wall of the City. + 3. The Custom House. + 4. Citadel. + 5. Barrack of Mount Sion. + 6. Minaret of the Citadel. + 7. Road from Bethlehem. + 8. Road from Jaffa. + 9. Mount Sion. + 10. Valley of Gihon. + + [Illustration: PLATE V. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--E. Walker, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE VI. + + THE TOWERS PHASAELUS AND MARIAMNE. THE TOWER HIPPICUS IS CONCEALED BY + PHASAELUS. + + 1. Citadel Gate. + 2. Citadel. + 3. Tower Phasaelus. + 4. Tower Mariamne. + 5. Breast-work of a ditch. + 6. Upper Road of Sion. + + [Illustration: PLATE VI. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + + PLATE VII. + + GATE OF DAMASCUS. + + 1. Cistern. + 2. Cistern in which the Author found the Old Northern Gate mentioned + by Josephus. + 3. Northern Road. + 4. Road going round the City. + 5. Elevation of the ground. + 6. Ancient Wall of Herod. Masonry of Herod's Wall. + 7. Path leading into the Royal Caves. + 8. Dome of the Church of the Resurrection. + + [Illustration: PLATE VII. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE VIII. + + VIEWS OF THE ROYAL CAVERNS, AND OF THE GROTTO OF JEREMIAH. + + Fig. 1. Royal Caverns. + 1. Present City Walls. + 2. Rock. + 3. Outer Cave. + 4. Ancient Entrance of the Inner Cave. + 5. Present lower level of the ground. + + Fig. 2. Cave of Jeremiah. + 1. Rock = Cave. + 2. Inner Cave. + 3. Place of Prayer. + 4. Cemetery of Dervishes. + + [Illustration: PLATE VIII. + E. Pierotti, Delt.--T. Picken, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE IX. + + PLANS AND SECTION OF THE ROYAL CAVERNS, AND OF THE GROTTO OF JEREMIAH. + + Fig. 1. Royal Caverns. + 1. Ancient Entrance into the Caves. + 2. Present Entrance. + 3. The place from which the Jews quarried stones. + 4. Large and deep Excavations, from which the Monolith of the Mosque + el-Aksa was taken. + 5. Fountain. + 6. Overhanging rocks. + 7. Chiselled rock, with the places from which blocks have been + extracted. + A. Present Wall of the City. + B. } + } + C. } + } Positions corresponding with the different Levels of the Section. + D. } + } + &c.} + + Fig. 2. Grotto of Jeremiah. + 8. Entrance. + 9. Ancient Room of the period of S. Helena. + 10. Cemetery of Dervishes. + 11. Mohammedan Tomb of a Dervish. + 12. Dervishes' Cooking-place. + 13. Premises for food. + 14. Place of Prayer. + 15. Chiselled rock, with the places from which blocks have been + extracted. + 16. Pilaster. + 17. Mill. + 18. Modern Wall. + + [Illustration: PLATE IX. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE X. + + DETAILS OF ANCIENT MASONRY--OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANCIENT CONDUITS--OF + THE POOLS--OF THE WELL OF JOAB, AND OF SOLOMON'S RESERVOIRS AT ETHAM. + + Fig. 1. Wall of the City of the time of Solomon. + Fig. 2. Restoration of the Wall in the time of Nehemiah. + Fig. 3. Wall of the time of Herod. + Fig. 4. Roman Wall. + Fig. 5. Wall restored by Solyman. + Fig. 6. Wall of the Pool of Bethesda. + a. General Conformation of the Stones composing the Wall of the + Pool. + b. Surface of the Wall. + c. Joinings of the Stones covered with mosaic work. + d. Wall with the whole of its surface rendered level. + e. Section of the Wall without mosaic. + f.} Details of the Conformation of the Wall. + g.} + Fig. 7. Section of the Wall of the Well Bir-Eyub. + Fig. 8. Section of an arched Conduit. + Fig. 9. Section of a Conduit roofed with slabs of Stone. + Fig. 10. Section of Conduits with Pipes. + Fig. 11. Plan and Section of the Pools of Solomon. + a-b. Direction for finding the Sealed Fountain at Etham. + I. First or Western Pool. + II. Central Pool. + III. Third or Eastern Pool. + 1. Road to the Convent of St George. + 2. Roads from Bethlehem to Hebron. + 3. Castle. + 4. Basin into which the Waters of the Sealed Fountain flow. + 5. Fountain. + 6. Conduits for Water. + 7. Place from which the Waters are directed to Jerusalem. + 8. Aqueduct leading to Jerusalem. + + [Illustration: PLATE X. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XI. + + THE HARAM ES-SHERIF. + + Beginning at the South-West corner of the Haram. + + A. Ancient Pier, supposed by Dr Robinson to be part of a Bridge. + B. Wailing Place of the Jews. + C. Wall of the time of Herod. + D. Foundations of an ancient Tower (Asmonean period). + E. Vaulted Gallery (Strato's Tower of Josephus). + F. Arch of the Ecce Homo. + G. Church of the Nativity of the Virgin. + H. Pool of Bethesda. + I. Wall of the date of Solomon in the foundations of the enclosure. + J. Golden Gate. + K. S. Mary's Gate. + L. Subterranean Passage. + M. Levelled Rock. + N. Northern side of the ancient Tower Antonia. + O. Remains of the wall of the Praetorium. + P. Position of the Citadel of Antiochus Epiphanes. + Q. Platform of the Kubbet es-Sakharah. + R. Position of the Courts of the ancient Temple. + S. Site of the ancient Temple. + T. Site of the Holy of Holies. + U. Site of the Holy Place. + V. Altar of Burnt-offerings. + W. Court of the Women. + X. Court of the Israelites. + Y. Court of the Levites. + Z. Court of the Gentiles. + + a. Cistern which received the Blood of the Victims (the Cistern of the + Threshing-floor of Araunah the Jebusite). + b. The place of the Ashes. + c. Conduit for the Blood. + d. Cistern for the Blood. + e. Great vaulted Chamber (anciently below the Stoa Basilica). + f. Pointed Arch of the date of the Crusades (Gate of Jehoshaphat). + g. Triple Gate of the time of Justinian. + h. Gate of Huldah. + i. Vaults below the Aksa. + j. Monolith in the Vaults. + m. Plan of the ancient Basilica of Justinian, as first discovered by + Williams. + n. Parts added by the Saracens. + o. Armoury of the Crusaders. + p. Site of Justinian's Hospice. + + Beginning at the Western side, near the Southern end. + + 1. Gate of the Mogarabins (Bab el-Mogharba). + 2. Gate of the Chain (Bab es-Silsileh). + 3. Gate of the Cotton Merchants (Bab el-Katannin). + 4. Gate of Iron (Bab el-Kadid). + 5. Gate of the Inspector (Bab el-Nadhir). + 6. First Fall of Christ. + 7. Via Dolorosa. + 8. Spring discovered by Pierotti. + 9. Vault and Conduit discovered by Pierotti. + 10. Barrack of the Haram es-Sherif. + 11. Gate of the Serai (Bab es-Serai). + 12. Gate of the Flocks (Bab el-Ghavarineh). + 13. Minaret of the Serai. + 14. Scala Sancta. + 15. Bab el-Davater. + 16. Ruined Bath. + 17. Bab el-Hotta. + 18. Bab es-Sabbat. + 19. Houses of the dates of the Crusades, of Solyman, and of Selim. + 20. Mohammedan Place of Prayer. + 21. Stairs leading to the Barrack of the Haram. + 22. Chamber of the Dervishes who guard the Haram. + 23. Council-chamber of the Effendis. + 24. Storehouse belonging to the Kubbet es-Sakharah. + 25. Small Mosque dedicated to Fatima (daughter of Mohammed). + 26. Small Mosque dedicated to the Angel Gabriel. + 27. Kubbet es-Sakharah, commonly called the Mosque of Omar. + 28. Bab el-Garb (Western Gate). + 29. Bab el-Kibli (Gate of Prayer). + 30. Bab el-Jenni (Gate of Paradise). + 31. Bab el-Daud (Gate of David). + 32. Bir er-Arruah (Well of the Souls). + 33. Sacred Rock of Solomon (Mohammedan tradition). + 34. Kubbet es-Silsileh (Dome of the Chain). + 35. Place where Saladin reposed after entering Jerusalem. + 36. Stairs of valuable Marbles. + 37. Wezn (the Invisible Balance). + 38. Bab el-Khadar. Cradle of Jesus. + 39. Tombs of the Sons of Aaron (Mohammedan tradition). + 40. Place reserved for the Women. + 41. Chapel of S. John and Zacharias. + 42. Ancient Wooden Pulpit. + 43. Impression of the Foot of Jesus Christ. + 44. Columns of Proof. + 45. Minaret of the Mogarabins. + 46. Great Storehouse of the Aksa. + 47. Cultivated Fields. + 48. Dung Gate. + 49. Cactus Plantation. + 50. Jewish Hospital (Rothschild's). + 51. Pier (the Bridge of Dr Robinson). + 52. Small Jewish Synagogue. + 53. Mekhemeh (Mohammedan Tribunal). + 54. Small Saracenic House. + 55. Hammam es-Shefa (Bath). + 56. Fountain (without Water). + 57. Ruined Bath. + 58. Bazaar of the Haram. + 59. Entrance to the Hammam es-Shefa. + 60. Tekhiyeh el-Khasseki-Sultane (Hospital of S. Helena). + 61. School of Saladin (in ruins). + 62. House with a facade of Saracenic Architecture. + 63. Ancient Building of the date of Saladin, now a Government Prison. + 64. Saracenic Fountain (without water.) + 65. Military Hospital (House of Dives). + 66. Place where Simon the Cyrenian met our Saviour. + 67. Place where the Virgin Mary met our Saviour. + 68. Palace of the Governor. + 69. Property of the Armenian Catholics. + 70. Property of the Kusbeck Dervishes. + 71. Hospice for Austrian Italy. + 72. Property of the Daughters of Sion. + 73. Hospice of the Flagellation and Chapel. + 74. Remains of an Ancient Tower (commonly called the Tower Antonia). + 75. Property of the Church of S. Ann belonging to France. + 76. Saracenic Fountain (without water). + 77. Pool of the Virgin. + 78. Ruin of a small Saracenic Monument. + 79. Throne of Solomon (Mohammedan tradition). + 80. Tomb of Yacub Pasha and his Wife. + + [Illustration: HARAM ES-SHERIF, Plate XI. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XII. + + PLAN OF LAND BELONGING TO THE DAUGHTERS OF SION, AND OF THE SUBTERRANEAN + PASSAGE COMMUNICATING WITH MORIAH, DISCOVERED BY PIEROTTI--SECTIONS + RELATING TO THIS LAND AND TO MOUNT MORIAH. + + Fig. 1. Building belonging to the Daughters of Sion. + + V. Spring discovered by Pierotti. + X. Water-conduit. + 1. Sewer. + 2. Mohammedan properties. + 3. To Gate of Herod, and Bezetha. + 4. To Hospice of the Flagellation. + 5. To Bezetha. + 6. Convent of the Daughters of Sion. + 7. Greek property. + 8. Latin property. + 9. Via Dolorosa (traditional). + 10. Arch discovered by Pierotti. + 11. Arch called that of the Ecce Homo (posterior to the death of + Christ). + 12. Ancient Christian Chapel. + 13. Convent of the Kusbeck Dervishes. + 14. Subterranean passage discovered by Pierotti. + 15. Ancient Gate, closed. + 16. Sewer discovered by Pierotti. + 17. Descent into vault. + 18. Barrack of the Haram es-Sherif. + 19. To Haram es-Sherif. + 20. Minaret of Haram es-Sherif. + 21. Gate, closed. + 22. Rock. Haram es-Sherif. + 23. Western Sewer} discovered by + 24. Eastern Sewer} Pierotti. + Fig. 2. (G) (H). Longitudinal Section. + Fig. 3. (I) (L). Transverse Section. + Fig. 4. (M) (N). Section of the Arch of the Ecce Homo. + Fig. 5. (M) (N). View of the Arch of the Ecce Homo. + + (S'.S'). Conventional Signs. + (a'). High Rock. + (b'). Levelled Rock. + (c'). Heaps of Ruins. + (d'). Water. Cistern. Spring. + (e'). Modern Walls. + (f'). Walls of the City. + (g'). Jewish Walls. + (h'). Roman Walls. + (i'). Walls of the Haram es-Sherif. + + See PLATE XI. + + Fig. 1. (B) (A). Longitudinal Section of the Haram es-Sherif. + 1. Ophel. + 2. Walls of the City. + 3. Ruined Houses. + 4. Mosque el-Aksa. + 5. Rock. + 6. Staircase leading to the vaults of the Mosque el-Aksa. + 7. Birket es-Sultan. Cistern. + 8. Water-channels. + 9. Court of the Mosque of Kubbet es-Sakharah. + 10. Kubbet es-Sakharah. + 11. Cistern for blood, formerly the cistern of the threshing-floor of + Araunah the Jebusite. + 12. Cisterns for blood. + 13. Kiblet dedicated to the Fatma. + 14. Kiblet dedicated to the Angel Gabriel. + 15. Houses of the times of the Crusaders, of Solyman, &c. + 16. Little Sakharah. + 17. Barrack of the Haram es-Sherif. + 18. Houses of the time of Saladin. + 19. Northern Valley. + 20. Barrack of the time of Ibrahim Pasha. + 21. Mount Bezetha. + a. South Gate of the time of Justinian. + b. Staircase leading into the Cistern. + c. Fountain. + d. Kiblet of Saladin. Invisible scales. + e. Kiblet of Zachariah. + f. Gallery of Herod discovered by Pierotti. + + Fig. 2. (C) (D). Transverse Section of the Haram es-Sherif. + 22. Mount Sion. + 23. Tyropoeon Valley. + 24. Descent to Silla. + 25. Acra. + 26. Bath. Hammam es-Shefa. + 27. Spring. Hammam es-Shefa. + 28. Dome of Moses. + 15. Houses of the times of the Crusaders, of Solyman, &c. + 31. Channels. + 29. Site of Mohammed's Ascension. + 10. Kubbet es-Sakharah. + 11. Cistern for blood. + 30. Dome of the Chain--Kubbet es-Silsileh. + 9. Court of the Mosque of Kubbet es-Sakharah. + 32. Cisterns for receiving the blood and ashes. + 33. Golden Gate. + 34. Mount Moriah. + 35. Mohammedan Cemetery. + 3. Wall of Haram es-Sherif. + + Fig. 3. (F) (G). Ancient Section. + 36. Temple, properly so called. + 37. Court of the Levites. Azarath Cohanim. + 38. Court of the Israelites. Azarath Yisrael. + 39. Tower Antonia, by Pierotti. + 40. Remains of the Wall of the Praetorium, and position of the same. + 41. High Rock. + + Fig. 4. Section of the City. + g. Mount Gihon. + h. Valley of Gihon. + i. Mount Sion. + k. Tyropoeon Valley. + l. Mount Acra. + m. Large Valley. + n. Mount Moriah. + o. Valley of the Kidron. + p. Mount of Olives. + + Fig. 5. Section of Mount Moriah. + q. Ophel. + n. Moriah. + r. Northern Valley. + s. Mount Bezetha. + + (S). Conventional Signs. + (a). Rock. + (b). Heaps of Ruins. + (c). Walls of the early Arab period. + (d). Distant Houses. + (e). Ancient Walls. + (f). Water-conduits. + (g). Conduit for blood. + + [Illustration: PLATE XII. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XIII. + + VIEW OF THE ARCH OF THE ECCE-HOMO, WITH THE SMALLER ARCH TO THE NORTH, + DISCOVERED BY PIEROTTI. + + 1. Arch of Ecce-Homo (?) Roman arch posterior to the death of Christ. + 2. Mohammedan room, or place of prayers for the Mohammedans. + 3. Arch discovered by Pierotti. + 4. Cistern. + 5. Niche of the period of the Crusades. + 6. Convent of the Daughters of Sion. + + [Illustration: PLATE XIII. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + + PLATE XIV. + + VIEW OF THE BARRACK OF THE HARAM ES-SHERIF. + + 1. Barrack of the Haram es-Sherif. + 2. Northern corner of the Tower Antonia, according to Pierotti. + 3. Houses of the time of Saladin. + 4. Entrance to the Haram es-Sherif. + 5. Mosque of the Little Sakharah. + 6. Levelled rock. + + [Illustration: PLATE XIV. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XV. + + REMAINS OF ANCIENT MASONRY, CALLED THE RUINS OF THE TOWER ANTONIA. + + 1. Via Dolorosa. + 2. Masonry of the Jewish period. + 3. House of the period of the Crusades. + 4. Saracenic Window. + 5. Tower of the Ancient Arab period. + 6. Common Arab wall. + + [Illustration: PLATE XV. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XVI. + + VIEW OF THE POOL OF BETHESDA. + + 1. Ancient Masonry of the Southern Wall of the Pool. + 2. Mouths of the Sewers coming from the West. + 3. Ancient Masonry of the Northern Wall of the Pool. + 4. Heap of Ruins and Rubbish. + + [Illustration: PLATE XVI. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XVII. + + ANCIENT JEWISH WORK IN THE NORTH-EAST OF THE HARAM WALL, NEAR + S. MARY'S GATE. + + 1. Ancient Saracenic Monument. + 2. Ancient Jewish Stone in the North-east corner of Haram es-Sherif. + 3. The largest stones of the Herodian period. + 4. Stones of the period of Solomon. + 5. Restoration of the Wall. + 6. Recent Restoration of the Wall by the natives. + 7. Arab Wall of the time of Solomon. + 8. Modern Mohammedan Tombs. + 9. Eastern Slope of the Mount Moriah. + + [Illustration: PLATE XVII. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XVIII. + + EASTERN VIEW OF THE GOLDEN GATE. + + 1. Stones of the time of Solomon. + 2. Wall of the time of Sulyman. + 3. Wall of the time of Justinian. + 4. Golden Gate, closed with a native Wall. + 5. Modern Mohammedan Tombs. + 6. Inclination of Mount Moriah. + + [Illustration: PLATE XVIII. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XIX. + + WESTERN VIEW OF THE GOLDEN GATE. + + 1. Wall of the time of Justinian. + 2. Ornaments of Justinian. + 3. Native House. + 4. Modern native Construction. + 5. Haram es-Sherif. + + [Illustration: PLATE XIX. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XX. + + VIEW OF THE SOUTH GATE OF THE HARAM ES-SHERIF,(BAB EL-HULDAH.) + + 1. Ornaments of the time of Justinian. + 2. Inverted Inscription of Antoninus Pius. + 3. Window through which the Underground Gallery can be seen. + 4. Huldah Gate, closed. + 5. Gate of the time of the Crusaders, closed. + 6. Wall of the time of Justinian. + 7. Ophel. + + [Illustration: PLATE XX. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXI. + + WESTERN VIEW OF EL-AKSA, NEAR THE SOUTHWESTERN ANGLE. + + 1. Mount of Olives. + 2. Mount Viri-Galilaei. + 3. Mosque of the Ascension of Jesus Christ. + 4. Arab Tower. + 5. Mount of Offence. + 6. Place where Jesus wept over Jerusalem. + 7. Mosque el-Aksa. + 8. Minaret of the Mogarabins. + 9. Mosque of Abu-Bekr: Wall of the period of the Crusades. + 10. Arab Ruins. + 11. The Bridge, according to Dr. Robinson. + 12. Tyropoeon Valley. + + [Illustration: PLATE XXI. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXII. + + WAILING-PLACE OF THE JEWS. A PORTION OF THE ANCIENT WALL OF THE TEMPLE + ENCLOSURE. + +This Wall is of the date of Herod the Great, and is the best specimen of +the Masonry of that period to be found in Jerusalem. The Jews come to +pray and weep before it every Friday. + + [Illustration: PLATE XXII. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXIII. + + FACADE OF THE MOSQUE EL-AKSA. + + 1. Ancient Piers. + 2. Piers of a much later date. + 3. Steps leading to a Storehouse. + 4. Opening into the Cistern Birket es-Sultan. + 5. Haram es-Sherif. + + [Illustration: PLATE XXIII. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXIV. + + SECTION OF THE MOSQUE OF EL-AKSA, AND OF ITS SUBSTRUCTIONS. + + 1. Position of the Ancient Choir, thrown down by an earthquake. + 2. Ancient Jewish Wall. + A.} + } + B.} Capitals found by Pierotti. + } + C.} + D. Wooden Roof of the Mosque el-Aksa. + E. Wall of the time of Justinian. + F. Aperture in the Wall leading to Subterranean Passage on the West. + G. Walled-up Door. + H. Monolith. + L. Side-doors of the Mosque. + M. Tombs of Aaron's Sons, according to Mohammedan traditions. + + [Illustration: PLATE XXIV. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXV. + + UNDERGROUND WORKS OF THE MOSQUE OF EL-AKSA. THE MONOLITH IN THE + UNDERGROUND WORKS. + + Fig. 1. Underground Works. + a. Vaulted underground Works, originally Jewish building. Restoration + by Justinian (as shewn by Rev. G. Williams) + b. Pillars of the time of Justinian. + c. Wall erected by Justinian. + f. Monolith. + + Fig. 2. Monolith. + d. Dome vaulting of the time of Justinian. + e. Staircase resting on the Rock. + f. Monolith. + g. Smaller Monolith. + h. Rusticated Stones of the time of Herod. + + [Illustration: PLATE XXV. + E. Pierotti, Delt.--E. Walker, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXVI. + + NORTH-EASTERN VIEW OF KUBBET ES-SAKHARAH, AND OF KUBBET ES-SILSILEH. + + 1. Mosque Kubbet es-Sakharah. + 2. Ladder used by Pierotti for his observations. + 3. Minaret of Kadhi. + 4. Kubbet es-Silsileh, Dome of the Chain. + 5. Bab el-Daud, David's Gate. + 6. Cistern (the Place of the Ashes). + 7. Bab el-Jenni, Gate of Paradise. + 8. Mount Moriah (anciently the Threshing-floor of Araunah). + + [Illustration: PLATE XXVI. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXVII. + + SECTION OF KUBBET ES-SAKHARAH--VIEW OF THE INTERIOR OF THE GOLDEN GATE. + + Fig. 1. Kubbet es-Sakharah. + A. Bab el-Kibli, Gate of Prayer. + B. Bab el-Jenni, Gate of Paradise. + C. Threshing-floor of Araunah the Jebusite. + D. Upper Chamber of the Cistern of the Threshing-floor of Araunah the + Jebusite. + E. Hole now covered with a stone. + F. Lower Chamber of the Cistern of the Threshing-floor of Araunah the + Jebusite. + G. Water-Conduit. + H. Conduit for Blood. + + Fig. 2. Golden Gate. + H. Modern Arabic Construction. + I. Marble Pillar, Monolith. + L. Marble Pillar, Monolith. + + [Illustration: PLATE XXVII. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.--L. Cornelissen, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXVIII. + + FOUR MOSAICS IN THE INTERIOR OF KUBBET ES-SAKHARAH, + AND MOSQUE EL-AKSA. + + Fig. 1. Interior of Kubbet es-Sakharah. + Fig. 2. Interior of Mosque el-Aksa. + Fig. 3. Interior of Mosque el-Aksa. + Fig. 4. Interior of Kubbet es-Sakharah. + a. Red. + b. Yellow. + c. Black. + d. White. + + [Illustration: PLATE XXVIII. + E. Pierotti, Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXIX. + + DETAILS OF THE CAPITAL OF THE MONOLITH IN THE UNDERGROUND WORKS OF + EL-AKSA; OF THE ORNAMENTATION OF THE GOLDEN GATE; AND OF THE SIX + CAPITALS WHICH CROWN THE COLUMNS OF THE MOSQUES. + + Fig. 1. Ornamentation of the Golden Gate. + Fig. 2. Capital in the Kubbet es-Sakharah. + (a). Ornamentation in the Kubbet es-Sakharah. + Fig. 3. Capital of the Monolith. + Fig. 4. Capital in the Gate of Huldah. + Fig. 5. Capital found among rubbish in the vaults in the South-eastern + corner of the Haram es-Sherif. + Fig. 6. Capital in the Kubbet es-Sakharah. + Fig. 7. Capital in the Mosque el-Aksa. + Fig. 8. Capital found among rubbish in the vaults in the South-eastern + corner of the Haram es-Sherif. + + [Illustration: PLATE XXIX. + E. Pierotti, Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXX. + + PLAN AND SECTION OF LAND SURROUNDING THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION + AND THE HOSPITAL OF THE KNIGHTS OF S. JOHN. + + A. Ordinary Native Houses. + B. Greek House of the Convent of S. John. + C. Private Greek House. + D. Greek Convent of S. Constantine. + E. Greek House of the Convent of S. Constantine. + F. Greek Convent of S. Charalampes. + G. Latin House. + H. Prussian House. + I. Mohammedan House. + K. Latin House called that of the Prince. + L. Greek Convent of S. Charalampes. + M. Ancient House of the Canons of the Holy Sepulchre. + N. Coptic Convent. + O. Cistern of S. Helena belonging to the Copts. + P. Ancient House of the Canons of the Holy Sepulchre. + Q. Ancient Hospice of Saladin (el-Kanki). + R. Latin Convent of the Church of the Resurrection. + S. Terrace-roof of the Greek Convent of S. Constantine. + T. Greek Convent of S. Abraham. + U. Greek Houses. + V. Land belonging to the Russian Consulate on the Site of the Church + of S. Mary Latin. + X. Convent of the Abyssinians. + Y. Land of the Abyssinians. + Z. Dome of the Church of the Resurrection. + W. Greek Dome of the Church of the Resurrection. + a. Dome of the Golgotha. + b. Dome of the Chapel of S. Helena. + c. Ruins of the Church of S. Mary the Great. + d. Land formerly belonging to the Convent of S. Mary the Great. + e. Ancient Bazaar. + f. Corn Market. + g. Ancient Bazaar of the Street of David. + h. Greek Convent of S. John Baptist. + l. Lesser Mosque of Omar. Ancient Jewish Walls. + m. Minaret of Omar. + n. Greek Convent dependent on the Church of Gethsemane. + o. Vestibule of the Church of the Resurrection. + p. Ground anciently belonging to the Knights of S. John. + q. Land formerly belonging to the Convent of S. Mary the Great. + p. q. Greek Chapels. + r. Tower of the Church of the Resurrection. + s. Armenian Chapel of S. John. + t. Coptic Chapel. + u. Greek Chapel of Melchizedek. + v. Greek Chapel. + 1. Street to Jaffa Gate. + 2. Street of Mount Sion. + 3. Christian Bazaar. + 4. Street of Coptic Hospice. + 5. Street of Greek Convent of S. Constantine. + 6. Street of Latin Convent of S. Saviour. + 7. Street to the North. + 8. Street to Residence of the Spanish Consul. + 9. Greek Convent of S. Charalampes, where Jesus met the Daughters of + Jerusalem. + 10. Gate of Judgement, with an ancient pillar: second Fall of Jesus. + 11. Street to Damascus Gate. + 12. Via Dolorosa. + 13. Street to Hospital of S. Helena. + 14.} + 15.} Street of Tyropoeon Valley. + 16. Street from Damascus Gate to Bazaar. + 17.} + 18.} Covered Bazaar. + 19. Street of David. + 20. Street to Sion Gate. + 21. Arches. + 22. Street to Church of the Resurrection. + 23. Sewer of Amygdalon. + 24. Sewer of English Church + (S). Conventional Signs. + (a). Ancient Jewish Walls. + (b). Hezekiah's Wall according to Pierotti. + (c). Second Wall of the time of Solomon according to Pierotti. + (d). Walls of the time of Amalfi Merchants. + (e). Walls of the time of S. Helena, of the Crusaders, and of Saladin. + (f). Modern Arab Walls. + (g). Place covered by Ruins and Earth. + (h). Rock. + (i). Sewers. + + [Illustration: PLATE XXX. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXXI. + + VIEW OF THE POOL AMYGDALON, AND OF THE DOMES + OF THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION. + + 1. Dome of the Church of the Resurrection. + 2. Places from which the lead has been stripped, on the side of the + Greek property. + 3. Dome of the Greek Chapel. + 4. Tower of the Church of the Resurrection. + 5. Minaret of the Hospice of Saladin. + 6. Minaret of Omar. + 7. Terrace-roof of the Greek Convent of S. Constantine. + 8. Greek Convent, by whose members the Church of Gethsemane is served. + 9. Hospice of the Copts. + 10. Pool Amygdalon. + 11. Hospice of Saladin. + + [Illustration: PLATE XXXI. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXXII. + + FRONT OF THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION. + + 1. Dome of the Greek Chapel. + 2. Chapel of the Agony. + 3. Entrance to the Chapel of S. Mary of Egypt. + 4. Staircase of the Chapel of the Agony. + 5. Doors of the Church of the Resurrection. + 6. Greek Chapel of the Forty Martyrs. + 7. Greek Convent of S. Abraham. + 8. Greek Terrace-roof. + 9. Dome of the Calvary. + 10. Greek Convent of S. Constantine. + + [Illustration: PLATE XXXII. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXXIII. + + GATE OF THE ENTRANCE-DOOR TO THE CHURCH + OF THE RESURRECTION. + + 1. Vestibule of the Church of the Resurrection. + 2. Closed Door of the Church. + 3. Entrance of the Church. + 4.} Byzantine ornamentation incorporated in the Door + } at the time of the Crusades. + 5.} + + [Illustration: PLATE XXXIII. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXXIV. + + PLAN OF THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION WITH ITS LEVELS, AND SECTION OF + THE HOLY SEPULCHRE--PLAN AND SECTION OF THE TOMB IN ITS ANCIENT AND IN + ITS PRESENT STATE. + + Fig. 1. Plan of the Church of the Resurrection. + + A. Vestibule of the Church. + B. Greek Convent of S. Abraham. + E. Greek Convent of S. Constantine. + F. Hospice of Saladin (el-Kanki). + G. Coptic Convent. + H. Land of the Russian Consulate. + I. Convent and Court of the Abyssinians. + 1. S. James's Chapel. + 2. Chapel of the Resurrection. + 3. Chapel of the Forty Martyrs. + 4. Entrance to the Chapel of S. Mary Egypt. + 5. Chapel of the Agony. + 6. Closed Door of the Church. + 7. Entrance of the Church. + 8. Divan of the Turks. + 9. The Stone of Unction. + 10. Where the three Marys stood at the Crucifixion. + 11. A Staircase leading to the Armenian Chapel. + 12. Chambers belonging to different Communions. + 13. Monument of the Holy Sepulchre. + 14. Chapel of the Angel. + 44. Openings where the Fire is given out on Easter Eve. + 15. Holy Sepulchre. + 16. Abyssinian Chapel. + 17. Syrian Chapel. + 18. Tombs of Joseph of Arimathaea[Arimathea] and Nicodemus. + 19. Latin Convent. + 20. Latin Chapel. + 21. Altar with a fragment of the Column of the Flagellation. + D. Latin Organ. + C. Greek Passage. + 22. Where Christ appeared to S. Mary Magdalene. + 23. Common Court. + 24. Christ's Prison. + 25. Longinus' Chapel. + 26. Chapel of the Division of the Garments. + 27. S. Helena's Chapel. + 28. Road traversed by Our Lord on His way to Calvary. + 29. Chapel of the Invention of the Cross. + 30. Chapel of the Crowning with Thorns. + 31. Staircase of the Greeks. + 32. Where Mary withdrew after her Son's death. + 33. Where the Hole of the Cross is said to be. + 34. Fissure made at the Death of Christ. + 35. Altar of the dolorous Mary. + 36. The Place where Christ was Crucified. + 37. Staircase of the Latins. + 38. Entrance of Adam's Chapel. + 39. Greek Chapel. + 40. The Centre of the Church of the Resurrection. + 41. Throne of the Greek Bishop. + 42. Throne of the Greek Patriarch of Jerusalem. + 43. Sanctum Sanctorum of the Greeks. + I. } + II. } + III. } + IV. } + V. } + VI. } Stations of the Evening Procession + VII. } of the Latins. + VIII. } + IX. } + X. } + XI. } + XII. } + + Fig. 2. Levels in the Interior of the Church of the Resurrection. + + a. Upper Level of the Southern Road of the Church. + b. Upper Levels of the Vestibule of the Church. + c. Chapel of the Agony. + d. The Place where the Hole of the Cross is said to be. + e. The Place where Christ was Crucified. + g. Latin Chapel. + h. Longinus' Chapel. + i. Greek Chapel. + k. Interior of Christ's Tomb. + m. Christ's Prison. + p. Tombs of Joseph of Arimathaea and Nicodemus + o. p. Level of the Church within the large Dome. + r. Lower Level of the Tomb of Joseph of Arimathaea and Nicodemus. + s. Chapel of the Invention of the Cross. + + Fig. 3. Section of Christ's Tomb. + + 44. Openings where the Fire is given out on the Easter Eve. + 45. Staircase leading to the roof of the Monument of the Holy + Sepulchre. + 46. Where the Angel stood at the Resurrection. + 47. Door of the Holy Sepulchre. + 48. Armenian Picture. + 49. Greek Picture. + 50. Latin Picture. + 51. The Place from which Christ is supposed to have Risen from the + Tomb. + 52. The Place where the Angel is supposed to have descended. + + Fig. 4. Ancient Holy Sepulchre. + + o. q. Longitudinal Section. + m. n. s. (o). Portion destroyed by Hakem. + n. s. r. (q). q. Portion destroyed by Constantine. + (o). o. s. Portion existing at present. + + (S). Conventional Signs. + + (a). Walls of the time of Constantine. + (b). Walls of the time of the Crusaders. + (c). Ordinary Walls of the Arabs. + (d). Low Walls. + (e). Rock. + (f). Section of Rock. + (g). The Path traversed by Our Lord to Calvary, and of the Procession + of the Latins. + + [Illustration: PLATE XXXIV. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXXV. + + INTERIOR VIEWS OF THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION, Viz. GREAT DOME, + CALVARY, GREEK CHAPEL, CHAPEL OF S. HELENA. + + Fig. 1. Monument of the Holy Sepulchre. + + 1. Large Dome of the Church. + 2. Monument of the Holy Sepulchre. + 3. Awning. + 4. Chambers of the different Communions. + 5. Greek Gallery. + 6. Latin Gallery. + 7. Window (closed), formerly looking on to the Mohammedan + terrace-roof. + 8. Greek Gallery. + 9. The place through which Christ is said to have passed on rising + from the tomb. + + Fig. 2. Chapel of Calvary. + + 10. The place where Christ was Crucified. + 11. Altar of the Agony of the Virgin Mary. + 12. Fissure rent by the earthquake at the death of Christ. + 13. Hole in which the Cross is said to have been fixed. + 14. Where Mary withdrew after her Son's death. + + Fig. 3. Greek Chapel. + + 15. Iconostasis of the Greeks. + 16. Throne for the Greek Patriarch of Jerusalem. + 17. Throne for the Greek Bishop. + 18. The Centre of the Church of the Resurrection. + + Fig. 4. S. Helena's Chapel. + + 19. Road followed by our Lord on his way to Calvary. + 20. Armenian Altar. + 21. Window of S. Helena. + 22. Chapel of the Invention of the Cross. + 23. Dome of the time of the Crusaders. + + [Illustration: PLATE XXXV. + E. Pierotti, Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXXVI. + + DETAILS OF SEVEN CAPITALS IN AND NEAR THE CHURCH OF THE RESURRECTION. + + Fig. 1. } + } In S. Helena's Chapel. + Fig. 2. } + Fig. 3. On the North of the Greek Chapel. + Fig. 4. At the North end of the Christian Bazaar, on the West of the + Church of the Resurrection. + Fig. 5. On the South of the Greek Chapel. + Fig. 6. In the Tower. + Fig. 7. On the North of the Greek Chapel. + + [Illustration: PLATE XXXVI] + E. Pierotti, Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXXVII. + + ENTRANCE TO THE HOSPITAL OF S. JOHN. + + 1. Arch of the time of the Knights of S. John. + 2. Ruins of the Church of S. Mary the Great. + 3. Ancient Window of the Church of S. Mary the Great. + + [Illustration: PLATE XXXVII. + E. Pierotti, Photo & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXXVIII. + + RUINS OF THE CHURCH OF S. MARY THE GREAT. + + 1. One of the Choirs of the Church of S. Mary. + 2. Door of the Ancient Vestry. + 3. Staircase leading to the Convent. + 4. Convent of S. Mary the Great. + 5. Entrances to the Interior Court. + 6. Ancient Site of the Church of S. Mary the Great. + + [Illustration: PLATE XXXVIII. + E. Pierotti, Delt.--T. Picken, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XXXIX. + + PLANS AND SECTIONS OF THE ARMENIAN CHURCH OF S. JAMES, AND MOSAICS. + + 1. Portico. + 2. Church of S. James. + 3. Altars. + 4. Throne for the Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem. + 5. Door of the Chapel of S. Stephen. + 6. Altar of the Latins for the Commemoration of the Feast of S. James. + 7. Site of the Martyrdom of S. James. + 8. Door of the Treasury. + 9. Tomb of the Armenian Patriarch Magar. + 10. Altar. + 11. Passage of the Gallery. + 12. Throne for the Armenian Patriarch Magar. + 13. Iron Barrier. + 14. Treasury. + 15. Chapel of S. Stephen. + 16. Passages to the Armenian Convent. + 17. Chapel of S. Miazim. + 18. Ancient Stones. + 19. Staircase of the Gallery. + 20. Entrance to the Chapel of S. Miazim. + C. Ancient Mosaics. + D. Modern Mosaics. + + (S. C.) Conventional Signs. + + a. Ancient Wall. + b. Less ancient Wall. + c. Modern Wall. + d. Less modern Wall. + e. The Black colour in the Mosaics. + f. The Red colour. + g. The Yellow colour. + + [Illustration: PLATE XXXIX. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XL. + + VIEW OF THE CHURCH OF S. ANN. + PROPERTY OF FRANCE. + + 1. Principal Entrance to the Church. + 2. Remains of Minaret. + 3. Closed Door. + 4. Lateral Entrance. + 5. Closed Door. + 6. Ancient Window. + 7. Land, the property of the Church. + 8. Ruins of the Convent of the Sisters of S. Benedict. + 9. Continuation of Land the property of the Church. + 10. Dome of the Church. + + [Illustration: PLATE XL. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--E. Walker, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XLI. + + PLANS AND SECTIONS OF THE FRENCH CHURCH OF S. ANN. + + 1. Staircase to the Minaret. + 2. Staircase to the Subterranean Church. + 3. Traditional site of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary. + 4. Places of Prayer for the Mohammedans. + a. Stone Staircase. + b. Opening commanding a view of the Subterranean Church. + c. Small Opening. + d. Principal Entrance to the Church. + e. Ancient Cistern. + + [Illustration: PLATE XLI. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XLII. + + INTERIOR OF THE CHURCH OF S. ANN, AND FOUR DETAILS OF ORNAMENTATION. + + 1. Interior of the Church of S. Ann. + 2. Modern Wall. + 3. Ornamentation of the Principal Front of the Church. + 4. Ornamentation of the Principal Entrance. + 5. Ornamentation of Window in the Principal Front. + 6. Capital in the Interior of the Church. + + [Illustration: PLATE XLII. + E. Pierotti, Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XLIII. + + TWO DOORS IN THE TEKHIYEH EL-KHASSEKI-SULTANE, COMMONLY CALLED THE + HOSPITAL OF S. HELENA. + + Two Doors situated in the Northern Front. + Fig. 1. Eastern Door. + Fig. 2. Western Door. + The Mosaics are of different colours. + + [Illustration: PLATE XLIII. + E. Pierotti, Delt.--A. Newman, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XLIV. + + ANCIENT GATE OF SARACENIC ARCHITECTURE IN THE DESCENT OF SILLA, AND A + VIEW OF A FOUNTAIN IN THE TYROPOEON VALLEY. + + Fig. 1. Saracenic Gate. + Fig. 2. Fountain in the Tyropoeon Valley. + + [Illustration: PLATE XLIV. + E. Pierotti, Delt.--A. Newman, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XLV. + + VIEW OF THE COENACULUM, AND OF THE SO-CALLED TOMB OF DAVID. + + 1. Principal Entrance. + 2. Mohammedan Houses. + 3. Coenaculum. + 4. Dome of the Tomb of David. + 5. Modern Mohammedan Houses. + 6. Christian Cemetery. + + [Illustration: PLATE XLV. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XLVI. + + PLAN AND SECTION OF THE COENACULUM; OF THE SO-CALLED TOMB OF DAVID; + AND OF THE UNDERGROUND WORKS OF MOUNT SION. + + 1. Staircase leading to the Upper Court. + 2. Upper Court. + 3. Mohammedan Chambers. + 4. Lower Court. + 5. Passage to the Tomb of David. + 6. Mohammedan Chapel, dedicated to the Tomb of David. + 7. Representation of the Sarcophagus of David. + 8. Coenaculum. + 9. Staircase leading to the Tomb of David. + 10. Place of the Mohammedan Priest. + 11. Staircase leading to upper Chambers. + 12. Chambers. + 13. Underground Works of Mount Sion, in front of the Tomb of David. + 14. Subterranean Passage covered with stone and earth. + 15. Staircase leading to underground Works. + + S. Conventional Signs. + + a. Ancient Wall. + b. Wall of the time of S. Helena, or of the Crusaders. + c. Modern Arab Wall. + d. Rock. + e. Place covered with earth. + f. Christian Tombs. + g. Underground Works. + + [Illustration: PLATE XLVI. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XLVII. + + PLAN AND SECTION OF THE TOMBS OF ACELDAMA. + + Fig. 1. Ancient Tombs. + Fig. 2. Tomb of S. Onuphrius. + 1. Cultivated land. + 2. Ancient Walls. + 3. Tombs. + 5. Tombs. + + [Illustration: PLATE XLVII. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XLVIII. + + SOUTH-EASTERN EXTREMITY OF THE VALLEY OF SILOAM. + + 1. City of Mount Sion. + 2. Mount Sion. + 3. Mosque el-Aksa. + 4. Ophel. + 5. Valley of Hinnom. + 6. Mount of Offence. + 7. Valley of the Kidron. + 8. Cave. + 9. Ancient Arab Building. + 10. Bir-Eyub. En-Rogel. + 11. Kidron. + 12. Walls and Ruins. + + [Illustration: PLATE XLVIII. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE XLIX. + + VIEW OF THE VALLEY OF JEHOSHAPHAT. + + 1. Mount Moriah. + 2. Valley of Jehoshaphat. + 3. Mount Scopus. + 4. Tomb of Absalom. + 5. Tomb of S. James. + 6. Tomb of Zacharias. + 7. Ruined Tomb. + 8. Cave. Ancient Tomb. + 9. Jewish Cemetery. + 10. Arab House. + 11. Mount of Olives. + 12. Mount of Offence. + 13. Road to Siloam. + 14. Road to the Kidron. + + [Illustration: PLATE XLIX. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE L. + + FRONT OF THE TOMB OF THE VIRGIN MARY. + + Principal Entrance of the time of the Crusaders. + + [Illustration: PLATE L. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE LI. + + PLANS AND SECTIONS OF THE TOMB OF THE VIRGIN MARY, AND OF THE CAVE OF + THE AGONY. + + Fig. 1. Plan of the Tomb of the Virgin Mary, and of the Cave of the + Agony. + 1. Bridge over the Kidron. + 2. Vestibule of the Church. + 3. Closed Doors. + 4. Armenian Vestry. + 5. S. Joseph's tomb.? (Armenian.) + 6. S. Ann's Tomb.? (Greek.) + 7. S. Joachim's Tomb.? (Greek.) + 8. Greek Altar of S. Nicholas. + 9. Altar of the Copts. + 10. Cistern. (Armenian, Greek.) + 11. Greek Vestry + 12. Greek Altar of S. Stephen. + 13. Syrian Altar. + 14. Armenian Altar. + 15. Tomb of the Virgin Mary.? + 16.} Places of Prayer for the Mohammedans. + 17.} + 18. Greek Altar dedicated to the Virgin Mary. + 19. Greek Altar. + 20. Cave of the Agony. + 21. Latin Altar. + 22. Site of the Agony. + 23.} Latin Altars. + 24.} + 25. Opening in the Rock above. + + Fig. 2. Longitudinal Section. + + Fig. 3. Oblique Section. + + Fig. 4. Section of the Cave of the Agony. + + (S). Conventional Signs. + a. Ancient Walls. + b. Modern Walls. + c. Rock. + d. Place covered with Ruins and Earth. + e. Cultivated Land. + + [Illustration: PLATE LI. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt.. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE LII. + + MOUNT OF OLIVES AND THE GARDEN OF GETHSEMANE. + + 1. Mount of Olives. + 2. Mount Viri-Galilaei[Galilei]. + 3. Site of the Ascension of Jesus. + 4. Minaret. + 5. Arab Tower. + 6. Arab Tower. + 7. Place where Judas betrayed Jesus. + 8. Gethsemane. + 9. Tomb of the Virgin Mary. + 10. Valley of the Kidron. + + [Illustration: PLATE LII. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE LIII. + + PLAN AND SECTION OF MOSQUE SITUATED ON THE MOUNT OF OLIVES, AND + DETAILS OF FIVE CAPITALS. + + Fig. 1. Plan of Mosque. + + Fig. 2. Section of Mosque. + 1. Mosque. Chapel of the Ascension. + 2. Site of the Ascension of Jesus. + 3. Place of Prayer. + 4. Greek Altar. + 5. Syrian Altar. + 6. Coptic Altar. + 7. Armenian Altar. + 8. Remains of an ancient Column. + 9. Little Pool and Cistern. + 10. Cistern. + 11. Capitals. + 12. Columns in the exterior of the Mosque. + 13. Pavement. + 14. Stone. + c. Ancient perimeter of the Basilica. + + Conventional Signs. + a. Place covered with earth. + b. Ruins. + c. Cistern. + d. Ancient Walls. + + [Illustration: PLATE LIII. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE LIV. + + PLAN AND SECTIONS OF THE TOMBS OF THE PROPHETS SITUATED IN THE MOUNT + OF OLIVES.--VIEW, PLAN, AND SECTION OF THE TOMB OF LAZARUS AT BETHANY. + + Fig. 1. Tombs of the Prophets.? + 1. Entrance. + 2. Opening in the Rock above. + 3. Places covered with earth. + 4. Incomplete excavations in the Rock. + 5. Ancient Walls. + 6. Rock. + 7. Tombs. + + Fig. 2. Plan and Section of the Tomb of Lazarus. + 1. Entrance. + 2. Tomb of Lazarus. + 3. Ancient Chapel of the times of the Crusaders. + 4. Place covered with ruins and earth. + 5. Mosque of Bethany. + 6. Rock. + 7. Road to Jericho. + 8. Arab Houses. + + Fig. 3. View of the Tomb of Lazarus. + + [Illustration: PLATE LIV. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE LV. + + VIEW OF THE TOMBS OF THE KINGS. + + The Description given in the Text. + + [Illustration: PLATE LV. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--T. Picken, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE LVI. + + PLAN AND SECTIONS OF THE TOMBS OF THE KINGS, AND OF OTHER TOMBS; THAT + OF JEHOSHAPHAT, AND ONE LIKE THAT OF OUR LORD. + + Fig. 1. Plan of the Tombs of the Kings. + a. b. Entrance of Vestibule. + c. Entrance. + x. y. Groove in which the chain worked to move the stone closing the + entrance, + x. Place where the end of the chain was drawn out in order to raise + the stone + y. } Position of the stone when the entrance was closed. + u. } + + Fig. 2. Inner stone door. + n. Stone support of the door. + + Fig. 3. The stone used in closing the entrance of the Tomb, with the + grooves in which it and the chain worked. + + Fig. 4. Sketch of the Plan of the Tomb of Jehoshaphat. + + Fig. 5. Tomb, like that of our Lord, situated on the South of + Jerusalem. + u. y. Position of the stone when the entrance was closed. + + [Illustration: PLATE LVI. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE LVII. + + ANCIENT JEWISH SYNAGOGUE IN THE VALLEY OF THE KIDRON, TOWARDS THE + NORTH. + + 1. Prominent parts of each side of the Synagogue. + + 2. Ruins. + + 3. Mass of rock on which the Rabbins used to read Prayers. + + [Illustration: PLATE LVII. + E. Pierotti, Delt.--E. Walker, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE LVIII. + + VIEW OF THE TOMBS OF THE JUDGES, AND OF OTHER TOMBS TO THE NORTH OF + JERUSALEM. + + Fig. 1. Tombs of the Judges. + a. Entrance. + + Fig. 2. Cover of a Sarcophagus, from the Tombs of the Kings. + + Fig. 3. Ornaments on the two sides. + b. } Corresponding parts of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. + c. } + + Fig. 4. Single Ornaments of the Cover of the Sarcophagus. + a. e. f. Corresponding parts of Fig. 2 and Fig. 4. + + Fig. 5. View of a Tomb situated near Jerusalem on the North-West. + + Fig. 6. General idea of the Tombs of Samuel at Ramah and of Rachel at + Ephrata. + + Fig. 7. Plan and Section of a Tomb situated on the North of Jerusalem, + near the Tombs of the Kings. + + [Illustration: PLATE LVIII. + E. Pierotti, Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE LIX. + + PLANS AND SECTIONS OF THE TOMBS OF THE JUDGES, AND OF THE OTHER TOMBS. + + Fig. 1. Longitudinal Section of the Tombs. + + 1. Vestibule. + 2. Entrance. + 3. Subterranean Chamber, in which may be seen Sepulchres in an + unfinished state. + + Fig. 2. Transverse Section. + + Fig. 3. Plan of the Tombs. + a. First entrance Chamber. + M. Passage leading into the other Sepulchral Chambers. + N. Staircase leading into the Subterranean Chamber. + + Fig. 4. Tomb situated on the North of Jerusalem, in the opening of the + Valley of Kidron. + a. b. Water-conduit hewn in the Rocks. + + Fig. 5. Plan of the Tomb situated on the North-West of Jerusalem (for + the Facade of which see Plate LVIII. Fig. 5). + + Fig. 6. Tomb situated on the North-West of Jerusalem near the Tombs of + the Judges. + + [Illustration: PLATE LIX. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE LX. + + PLAN AND SECTION OF S. PELAGIA'S TOMB ON THE MOUNT OF OLIVES.--DETAILS + OF SEPULCHRES IN THE VALLEY OF JEHOSHAPHAT, AND OF SOME OTHERS IN THE + NEIGHBOURHOOD OF JERUSALEM. + + Fig. 1. Plan of S. Pelagia's Tomb. + 1. Room built at the time of the Crusades. + 2. Tomb of S. Pelagia. + 3. Ancient Jewish Tomb, the retreat of S. Pelagia. + + Fig. 2. Section of S. Pelagia's Tomb. + + Fig. 3. Tomb of Absalom. + + Fig. 4. Tomb of S. James. + 4. Opening corresponding with a Sepulchral Chamber. + 5. Opening into which both the Jews and the Arabs used to throw + stones, in order to indicate their hatred of the wicked son + Absalom. + 6. Tomb of Jehoshaphat. + + Fig. 5. Tomb of Zacharias. + 7. Jewish Tomb. + + Fig. 6. An entrance door into the Tomb of Aceldama (for the Plan of + which see Plate XLVII.). + (a). Broken ornaments. + n. Cultivated land. + 8. Rock. + + Fig. 7. Another entrance into the Tomb of Aceldama. + + Fig. 8. Ornaments of the Tomb of S. Onuphrius (for the Plan of which + see Plate XLVII.). + 9. Heaps of earth. + + [Illustration: PLATE LX. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--R. M. Bryson, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE LXI. + + DETAILS RELATING TO THE TOMBS. + + Fig. 1. Details of the Tomb of Absalom. + a. b. Monolithic portion of the Monument. + c. d. Portion formed of Masonry. + + Fig. 2. A Capital of the Tomb of Absalom. + + Fig. 3. A Capital of the Tomb of Zacharias. + + Fig. 4. A Capital of the corner-pillar of the Tomb of Zacharias. + + Fig. 5. Monolith of Siloam. + + Fig. 6. Ornaments of the Tombs of the Kings. + + [Illustration: PLATE LXI. + E. Pierotti, Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE LXII. + + POOL OF MAMILLAH, OR SERPENTS' POOL (ACCORDING TO JOSEPHUS), NEAR THE + MONUMENT OF HEROD ON THE WEST OF THE CITY. + + 1. Mount Gihon, position of the buildings of the Prussian Mission. + 2. Corner of the North-Western Wall of Jerusalem. + 3. Wall of Jerusalem. + 4. Mount of Olives. + 5. Road to the Convent of the Holy Cross. + 6. Ancient Mohammedan Cemetery. + 7. Ancient Saracenic Monument. + 8. Pool of Mamillah; "the Upper Pool." + + [Illustration: PLATE LXII. + E. Pierotti, Photo. & Delt.--E. Walker, Lith. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + + PLATE LXIII. + + PLAN AND SECTION OF THE CHURCH OF THE HOLY CROSS TO THE WEST OF + JERUSALEM, AND DETAILS OF THE MOSAICS. + + Fig. 1. Plan of the Church. + 1. Vestibule. + 2. Mosaic pavement stained (with blood?). + 3. Mosaics (details given in Fig. 3). + 4. Throne for the Greek Bishop. + 5. Iconostasis. + 6. Greek Altar. + 7. Choir. + 8. Passage leading to the Sanctuary. + 9. The place from which the Tree for the Cross of Jesus Christ was + taken.? + + Fig. 2. Longitudinal Section of the Church. + + Fig. 3. Details of Mosaics. + + (S.C.) Conventional Signs. + a. Ancient Wall. + b. Wall of later times. + c. Small Walls. + d. Mosaics. + e. Things made of Wood. + f. White colour. + g. Brown. + h. Black. + i. Yellow. + k. Red. + m. Pale Yellow. + + [Illustration: PLATE LXIII. + E. Pierotti, Mest. & Delt. + Cambridge. Deighton, Bell & Co.--London. Bell & Daldy. + Day & Son, Lithrs. to the Queen.] + + + + +TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES: + +Missing punctuation added to lists and Table of Contents. + +Missing spaces added between words, where appropriate. + +Figure numbers in Roman numerals were changed to Arabic numbers for +consistency. Items in some descriptions of Plates are out of order and were +retained as printed. + +Table of Contents was moved before the description of Plate I to keep +all the plates and their descriptors in order. + +Description of Plate II: 'of' changed to 'at' ...(Beginning at the +West.)..., and 'Brdge' changed to 'Bridge' in item w. + +Description of Plate III: duplicate word 'and' was removed from item 32. + +Description of Plate IV: changed 'Psephiuns' to 'Psephinus' and +'Mohammedam' to 'Mohammedan.' Item '((j)). Subterranean passages' is +mis-identified as a duplicate ((h)) both on Plate IV and the +description of Plate IV. + +Descriptions of Plates VIII and IX: numbers were changed from Roman to +Arabic to match the plates, and for consistency with remainder of the +book. + +Description of Plate XII: changed 'Mahommedan' to 'Mohammedan.' +Removed carat over 'I' in HARAM ES-SHERIF, for consistency with +remaining capitalized text of the word. (Lower case versions contain +the carat, and were unchanged.) + +Moved Illustration of Plate XXX so that it follows the description of +the plate, for consistency with the remainder of the book. + +Punctuation and text of the illustration attribution credits were +standardized. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Jerusalem Explored, Volume II--Plates, by +Ermete Pierotti + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JERUSALEM EXPLORED, VOLUME 2 *** + +***** This file should be named 44241.txt or 44241.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/4/4/2/4/44241/ + +Produced by Sigal Alon, Carol Brown, and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by the Jewish National and University Library, Digitized +Book Repository) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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