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diff --git a/44048-8.txt b/44048-0.txt index 0fbf240..d4ec076 100644 --- a/44048-8.txt +++ b/44048-0.txt @@ -1,41 +1,4 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Legal Chemistry, by J. P. Battershall - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Legal Chemistry - A Guide to the Detection of Poisons, Examination of Tea, Stains, Etc. - -Author: J. P. Battershall - -Translator: A. Naquet - -Release Date: October 27, 2013 [EBook #44048] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LEGAL CHEMISTRY *** - - - - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Heike Leichsenring and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 44048 *** LEGAL CHEMISTRY. @@ -654,7 +617,7 @@ the membrane should be covered with the white of an egg which is subsequently coagulated by the application of heat. The organs previously cut into small pieces, or the materials found in the alimentary canal, etc., after having been allowed to digest for 24 hours -in water at 32°[A]--or, in dilute acids, if the presence of an alkaloid +in water at 32°[A]--or, in dilute acids, if the presence of an alkaloid is suspected,--are then placed in the upper vessel, which is termed the dialyser. The whole should form a layer not over 2 cubic centimetres in height. The dialyser is next placed in the larger vessel filled with @@ -676,7 +639,7 @@ the same manner as with the apparatus represented in Fig. 1. centigrade Thermometer; their equivalents on the Fahrenheit scale can be obtained by means of the formula: - 9/5 C° + 32 = F°. + 9/5 C° + 32 = F°. --_Trans._ @@ -740,7 +703,7 @@ which it may be mixed. The destruction of the organic substances is, however, accomplished by means of chlorate of potassa and hydrochloric acid. To insure the complete precipitation of the arsenic, it is advisable to conduct sulphuretted hydrogen through the solution, at a -temperature of 70° for twelve hours, and then allow the fluid to remain +temperature of 70° for twelve hours, and then allow the fluid to remain in a moderately warm place, until the odor of the gas is no longer perceptible, the vessel being simply covered with a piece of paper. The precipitate is next freed from the other metals possibly present, as @@ -1300,7 +1263,7 @@ of a mercurial salt in the solution confirmed by further tests. The solution to be examined in the preceding apparatus, is prepared as follows: -The suspected organic matter is treated with cold sulphuric acid of 66° +The suspected organic matter is treated with cold sulphuric acid of 66° _B._ until liquefied, and hypochlorite of lime, and distilled water then added: if necessary, the evolution of chlorine can be accelerated by a further addition of sulphuric acid. As soon as the liquid becomes clear, @@ -1558,7 +1521,7 @@ occurs very readily.) PHOSPHORIC ACID. The aqueous solution is evaporated to dryness, the residue taken up -with alcohol of 44° B., the fluid again evaporated, and the second +with alcohol of 44° B., the fluid again evaporated, and the second residue dissolved in water. Upon adding acetate of lead to the solution, a white precipitate is produced if phosphoric acid be present. The precipitate is washed, suspended in water and a current of sulphuretted @@ -1879,7 +1842,7 @@ interfere, it being insoluble in the reagents commonly made use of. TREATMENT OF FILTRATE B. A current of sulphuretted hydrogen is conducted for twelve hours through -the solution, which is kept at a temperature of 70°. by means of a +the solution, which is kept at a temperature of 70°. by means of a water-bath. The flask containing the liquid is then closed with a piece of paper, and allowed to remain in a moderately warm place until the odor of the gas is no longer perceptible. The solution is next filtered @@ -1896,7 +1859,7 @@ present, at the same time avoiding a loss of any metal, it is dried, moistened with nitric acid, and the mass heated on a water-bath. Some Swedish filtering paper is next added, the mixture well impregnated with sulphuric acid, and then maintained for several hours at a temperature -of about 170°. until a small portion (afterwards returned) gives a +of about 170°. until a small portion (afterwards returned) gives a colorless solution when treated with water. The residue is now heated with a mixture of one part of hydrochloric acid and eight parts of water, the liquid filtered, the matter remaining undissolved washed with @@ -2135,12 +2098,12 @@ their aqueous solutions by agitation with ether. Stas's original method is as follows: The suspected substances, if organs are contained, are cut into fine shreds, then mixed with absolute alcohol, 0.5 to 2. grammes of tartaric or oxalic acid added and the -whole introduced into a flask and heated at a temperature of 60° to 75°. +whole introduced into a flask and heated at a temperature of 60° to 75°. When quite cold, the mixture is filtered, and the undissolved portion remaining on the filter washed with absolute alcohol, the washings being added to the filtrate. The alcoholic solution is evaporated, either by placing it under a bell-jar connected with an air-pump, or by passing a -current of air, having a temperature not exceeding 35° over it, until +current of air, having a temperature not exceeding 35° over it, until reduced to a quarter of its original volume: the complete expulsion of the alcohol being then rendered certain. If insoluble matter separates during this operation, the concentrated fluid is passed through a @@ -2253,7 +2216,7 @@ MODIFICATIONS TO STAS'S METHOD, PROPOSED BY USLAR AND ERDMAN. 1st. The materials to be examined are brought to the consistence of a thin paste, and digested for about two hours with water, to which some -hydrochloric acid has been added, at a temperature of 60° to 80°. The +hydrochloric acid has been added, at a temperature of 60° to 80°. The mixture is then filtered through a moistened linen cloth, and the residue washed with warm acidulated water; the washings being added to the solution. @@ -3087,27 +3050,27 @@ As various methods of dyeing hair black are in use, the means of restoring the original color differ. The following are the methods most usually employed in dyeing: -1º. The hair is well rubbed with a pomade, in which finely pulverized +1º. The hair is well rubbed with a pomade, in which finely pulverized charcoal is incorporated. This preparation, which is sold under the name -of "_mélaïnocome_," possesses the disadvantage of soiling the fingers +of "_mélaïnocome_," possesses the disadvantage of soiling the fingers and clothing, even for several days after its application. -2º. The hair is moistened with a dilute solution of ammonia, and a +2º. The hair is moistened with a dilute solution of ammonia, and a perfectly neutral solution of a bismuth salt (chloride or nitrate) is then applied. It is subsequently washed, and allowed to remain in contact with a solution of sulphuretted hydrogen. -3º. The same operation is performed, a lead compound being substituted +3º. The same operation is performed, a lead compound being substituted for the bismuth salt. -4º. A mixture of litharge, chalk, and slacked lime is applied, and the +4º. A mixture of litharge, chalk, and slacked lime is applied, and the head covered with a warm cloth. The hair is afterwards washed, first with dilute vinegar, then with the yolk of an egg. -5º. The hair is first cleansed with the yolk of an egg, and then +5º. The hair is first cleansed with the yolk of an egg, and then moistened with a solution of plumbate of lime; or, -6º. It is moistened with a solution of nitrate of silver, to which a +6º. It is moistened with a solution of nitrate of silver, to which a quantity of ammonia sufficient to dissolve the precipitate first formed has been added. @@ -3123,7 +3086,7 @@ action of light, which, as is well known, decomposes the salts of silver. In order to restore the original color to hair which has been treated -with "_mélaïnocome_," it is only necessary to dissolve in ether the +with "_mélaïnocome_," it is only necessary to dissolve in ether the fatty matters present, and then remove the charcoal by washing with water. @@ -3395,11 +3358,11 @@ imparts a yellow color to gelatine, turns starch violet-blue. In order to detect the alteration of a writing, the following examinations are made: -1º. The paper is carefully examined in all of its parts, and in various +1º. The paper is carefully examined in all of its parts, and in various positions, by aid of a lens. In this way, either thinned points, caused by erasure, or remaining traces of words, may possibly be discovered. -2º. The paper is next placed upon a perfectly clean piece of glass, and +2º. The paper is next placed upon a perfectly clean piece of glass, and completely and uniformly moistened with water. The glass is then removed, and the transparency of the paper examined by aid of a lens. When uniform transparency is exhibited, and certain portions are neither @@ -3411,13 +3374,13 @@ applied. In case transparent points are detected, there is reason to suspect that words have been removed, and the spots either left intact or afterwards coated with a substance soluble in water, such as alum. -3º. The paper is dried and the above operation repeated with alcohol of +3º. The paper is dried and the above operation repeated with alcohol of 87 per cent. Indications may now be observed which failed to occur in the treatment with water; as well as these latter confirmed. As alcohol dissolves sandarac, the points that formerly appeared opaque may now become transparent. -4º. The paper is again dried, then placed under a sheet of very thin +4º. The paper is again dried, then placed under a sheet of very thin silk-paper, and a warm iron passed over it. This operation frequently causes the reappearance of words that have been partially obliterated. It is also advisable--as suggested by _M. Lassaigne_--to expose the @@ -3429,7 +3392,7 @@ applied in order to mask the alteration--the paper having been originally sized with the above mixture--it will assume in some portions a yellow, in others a violet-blue color. -5º. It is ascertained whether the paper possesses an acid reaction. If +5º. It is ascertained whether the paper possesses an acid reaction. If so, its acidity may result from the presence of hydrochloric acid, in case the paper was washed with chlorine, or of other acids. Alum, used to disguise erasure, would also cause an acid reaction. The mere @@ -3443,7 +3406,7 @@ advisable, before wetting the paper, to slightly press it upon a sheet of moist litmus paper: the acid spots will then leave a reddish trace upon the latter. -6º. The manuscript under examination is again spread upon a glass-plate, +6º. The manuscript under examination is again spread upon a glass-plate, and a solution of tannin (or preferably, a solution of ferrocyanide of potassium containing one per cent. of the salt, and acidulated with acetic acid) applied by means of a brush. If the original writing was @@ -3459,7 +3422,7 @@ In case the alteration or destruction of the document is feared in the above test, it is well to previously provide the court with a certified copy, and then proceed with the examination. -7º. If the paper possesses a friable appearance, it has possibly been +7º. If the paper possesses a friable appearance, it has possibly been washed with sulphuric acid. This property may however originate from other causes, and the presence of the acid should be confirmed by washing the document with distilled water, and adding a solution of @@ -3470,14 +3433,14 @@ contained in the water used in the preparation of the pulp. If much sulphuric acid be present, it may be so concentrated by heating as to cause the carbonization of the paper. -8º. It is also well, should washing with sulphuric acid be suspected, to +8º. It is also well, should washing with sulphuric acid be suspected, to ascertain, by aid of a lens, if the filaments on the surface of the manuscript possess an inflated appearance. This would be caused by the escape of carbonic acid, originating from the action of sulphuric acid upon the carbonates contained in the water used in the manufacture of the paper. -9º. Old ink is more difficult to remove than new, and it is therefore +9º. Old ink is more difficult to remove than new, and it is therefore sometimes possible to cause the reappearance of old writings, over which words have been subsequently written. For this purpose, a solution containing 50 per cent. of oxalic acid is applied with a fine brush over @@ -3486,7 +3449,7 @@ immediately removed by washing with water, and the paper dried. Upon now repeating the operation, the presence of a former writing may be detected after the complete disappearance of the words last written. -10º. According to _M. Lassaigne_, when the same ink has not been used +10º. According to _M. Lassaigne_, when the same ink has not been used throughout a document, washing with dilute hydrochloric acid will demonstrate the fact. This acid, while causing the gradual obliteration of characters written with ordinary ink--the shade of the paper not @@ -3590,7 +3553,7 @@ attempted. Coins are most frequently altered by _clipping_; by _stuffing_, that is, by boring the coin and inserting an alloy of small value; by _doubling_, -which operation consists in covering its face with two thin laminæ taken +which operation consists in covering its face with two thin laminæ taken from a genuine coin; and by applying a coating of gold or silver by means of electro-plating. @@ -3686,7 +3649,7 @@ _Salts_, remaining in the ash obtained by the calcination of the flour, in a proportion not exceeding 2 per cent. _Water_, of which it loses 12 to 15 per cent., at the heat of a -water-bath, and 15 to 20 per cent., at a temperature of 160°. +water-bath, and 15 to 20 per cent., at a temperature of 160°. _Bran_, (ligneous and fatty matter,) in a very small proportion, when the flour has been properly bolted. @@ -3851,7 +3814,7 @@ the evaporation, when heated with a solution of mercury in concentrated nitric acid, is converted into a solid substance having a fine red color; but it remains unaltered, if entirely due to linseed. In case the oil becomes solidified, the mercury salt present should be removed by -washing with water, the residue taken up with boiling alcohol of 36° B. +washing with water, the residue taken up with boiling alcohol of 36° B. and the solution filtered: upon evaporating the alcoholic filtrate, a residue is obtained consisting of the linseed oil present. @@ -3866,7 +3829,7 @@ analogous to those presented by corn. _Darnel._--The use of darnel in the adulteration of wheaten flour may give rise to serious sanitary results. To effect its detection, the -flour to be examined is digested with alcohol of 35° B.: if the flour be +flour to be examined is digested with alcohol of 35° B.: if the flour be pure, the alcohol remains limpid: it acquires a straw-yellow tint, due to traces of bran present, but--although a peculiar resin may be dissolved--the solution does not possess a disagreeable taste. When, on @@ -3887,7 +3850,7 @@ to the presence of legumens, the washings containing the starchy matter of the flour, after the particles of gluten present have been separated by passing the fluid through a silk sieve, are divided into two portions. One portion is allowed to undergo fermentation, at a -temperature of 18° to 20°: in case leguminous substances are not +temperature of 18° to 20°: in case leguminous substances are not present, lactic fermentation occurs and the odor of sour milk is alone perceptible; if, on the other hand, legumens are contained in the fluid, rancid fermentation takes place, and an odor is emitted resembling that @@ -4091,7 +4054,7 @@ ferrocyanide of copper.[S] FIXED OILS. Olive oil designed for table use is frequently adulterated with the oils -of poppy, sesamé, cotton-seed, pea-nuts, and other nuts; olive oil, +of poppy, sesamé, cotton-seed, pea-nuts, and other nuts; olive oil, intended for manufacturing purposes, is often mixed with colza and nut oils. @@ -4106,7 +4069,7 @@ EXAMINATION OF OLIVE OIL INTENDED FOR TABLE USE. _a._ The density of the oil is determined by means of a hydrometer (_oleometer_) provided with a scale giving the densities from 0.8 to -0.94, for the temperature of 15.° Pure olive oil possesses a specific +0.94, for the temperature of 15.° Pure olive oil possesses a specific gravity of 0.917; poppy oil one of 0.925; a mixture of the two, an intermediate density. Since the fixed oils are not definite chemical compounds, this test is seldom conclusive. @@ -4115,7 +4078,7 @@ _b._ Two or three cubic centimetres of concentrated nitric acid, containing nitric peroxide in solution (or a solution of mercury in strong nitric acid), are added to the oil to be examined, as well as to a sample of pure olive oil. The two samples are then allowed to stand in -a room where the temperature does not exceed 10.° The _oleine_ of the +a room where the temperature does not exceed 10.° The _oleine_ of the olive oil is converted into solid _elaidine_, and the mixture after some time becomes sufficiently thick to remain in the vessel upon inversion. If the sample under examination is free from adulteration, it will @@ -4127,19 +4090,19 @@ _c._ Fifteen grammes of the oil are mixed in a glass vessel with the same amount of strong sulphuric acid, the temperature of the two liquids being previously observed. The mixture is stirred with a thermometer, and the maximum temperature noted: pure olive oil produces an elevation -of temperature of 37.°7; pure poppy oil, an elevation of 70.°5; and a +of temperature of 37.°7; pure poppy oil, an elevation of 70.°5; and a mixture of the two an elevation of temperature intermediate between -37.°7 and 70.°5. +37.°7 and 70.°5. _d._ One volume of nitric acid of sp. gr. 1.33 is agitated with 5 grammes of the oil, and notice taken of the coloration produced after the lapse of five minutes. If the olive oil is pure, it acquires a pale -green color; in case it is mixed with sesamé or nut oil, a deep-red +green color; in case it is mixed with sesamé or nut oil, a deep-red color appears: poppy oil also communicates a reddish coloration, but one less deep than the preceding. If an acid of sp. gr. 1.22 is taken, it is still less difficult to -distinguish between sesamé, nut and poppy oils; the latter assumes, in +distinguish between sesamé, nut and poppy oils; the latter assumes, in this case, a pale yellowish-red color. Pea-nut oil fails to exhibit a coloration; but can be recognized by its @@ -4335,7 +4298,7 @@ will be greatly reduced. INSOLUBLE LEAF.--The insoluble leaf obtained in the preceding operation, together with the weighed filter, is placed in an air-bath and dried for -at least eight hours at a temperature of 110° C.; its weight is then +at least eight hours at a temperature of 110° C.; its weight is then determined. In unadulterated tea the amount of insoluble leaf ranges between 47% and 54%; in exhausted tea it may reach a proportion of 75%. @@ -4442,24 +4405,24 @@ The lactoscope possesses, however, but a limited degree of precision. _M. Marchand_ substitutes to its use the following tests: A test-tube is graduated in three equal divisions, the upper one being subdivided into hundredths extending above, in order to determine accurately the correct -volume of the fluid, expanded, as it is, by the temperature of 40°, at +volume of the fluid, expanded, as it is, by the temperature of 40°, at which the examination is executed. The first division of the tube is filled with milk, a drop, or two of strong potassa lye added, and the mixture well shaken: the second portion is then filled with ether, and the third with alcohol. The mixture is next again thoroughly agitated, -and then exposed to a temperature of 40° in a water-bath. After standing +and then exposed to a temperature of 40° in a water-bath. After standing for several hours, a layer of fatty matter becomes sufficiently separated to allow of measurement: but, as it contains some ether and as a small amount of butter may still be retained in the lower aqueous fluid, a correction of the results obtained is necessary. M. Marchand has compiled a table, which facilitates this correction (_vide_: _Journ. -de Pharm., Novembre 1854_, and _Bulletin de l'Académie de Médecine, +de Pharm., Novembre 1854_, and _Bulletin de l'Académie de Médecine, Paris, 1854_, xix., p. 1101). Previously to the introduction of Marchand's apparatus, use was made of the _lactometer_, which consists simply of a graduated glass tube, in which the suspected milk is allowed to remain for 24 hours, at a -temperature of 15°. After the lapse of this time, the cream present +temperature of 15°. After the lapse of this time, the cream present completely separates as a supernatant layer, the thickness of which indicates the quality of the sample taken. @@ -4533,7 +4496,7 @@ suspected milk, and adding tincture of iodine, the amylaceous substances present produce a blue coloration in the fluid. _Sugar._--If yeast is added, and the mixture allowed to stand for some -time at a temperature of 30°, alcoholic fermentation ensues; under these +time at a temperature of 30°, alcoholic fermentation ensues; under these circumstances, lactose does not undergo fermentation. _Cerebral substances._--Adulteration by these substances is probably of @@ -4645,15 +4608,15 @@ _Gay-Lussac_ has proposed an areometer (_alcoholmeter_), provided with a scale which directly indicates the proportion of alcohol contained in a mixture. As the indications furnished by this instrument vary with the temperature, and the scale is constructed on the basis of a temperature -of 15°, a correction of the results obtained is necessary if the +of 15°, a correction of the results obtained is necessary if the determination is made at other temperatures. Gay-Lussac has compiled a table which indicates at once the required correction; the following -formula can also be used: _x = c ± 0.4 t_, where _x_ is the quantity of +formula can also be used: _x = c ± 0.4 t_, where _x_ is the quantity of alcohol present in the sample; _c_ the degree indicated by the alcoholmeter, and _t_ the number of degrees differing from the -temperature of 15°: the second member of the formula is subtracted from, +temperature of 15°: the second member of the formula is subtracted from, or added to the first, as the temperature at which the estimation is -made is greater or less than 15°.[W] +made is greater or less than 15°.[W] [W] Tralles alcoholmeter is almost exclusively employed in this country.--_Trans._ @@ -4680,12 +4643,12 @@ with a gas or spirit lamp. [Illustration: Fig. 20.] In order to estimate the cream of tartar, the wine is evaporated to the -consistency of an extract, alcohol of 82° B. added, and the residue +consistency of an extract, alcohol of 82° B. added, and the residue obtained calcined in a crucible. The amount of salt present in the fused mass is then determined by the alkalimetric method, as directed in all works on quantitative analysis. The carbonate obtained from 1 gr. of cream of tartar exactly saturates 9.75 cubic centimetres of a solution -containing 100 grammes of sulphuric acid of 66° B., and 1800 grammes of +containing 100 grammes of sulphuric acid of 66° B., and 1800 grammes of distilled water. The detection of toxical substances, often contained in wine, is @@ -4736,7 +4699,7 @@ sulphates of cinchonine and quinidine. These bodies are detected as follows: _a._ Upon slightly warming 2 grammes of sulphate of quinine with 120 -grammes of alcohol of 21° B., the pure salt completely dissolves; if, +grammes of alcohol of 21° B., the pure salt completely dissolves; if, however, starch, magnesia, mineral salts, or various other foreign substances are present, they are left as insoluble residues. @@ -4815,7 +4778,7 @@ characteristic crystals, termed _haemin_ crystals, and in the use of the spectroscope. Crystals of haemin (first discovered by _Teichman_) are formed when dry blood is dissolved in concentrated acetic acid, and the solution evaporated to dryness: they are of a brownish-red color. -_Brücke_ first suggested an analytical method, based upon this property +_Brücke_ first suggested an analytical method, based upon this property of blood, which is equally characteristic and sensitive: It is only necessary to dissolve a minute portion of the matter to be examined (dried blood, or the residue left by the evaporation of the fluid @@ -4833,7 +4796,7 @@ crystals from old blood are represented in Fig. 22. The former possess a reddish-brown, the latter a lighter color. The various methods now employed to produce haemin crystals were -proposed by _Hoppe-Seyler_, by _Brücke_ and by _Erdman_. Whichever +proposed by _Hoppe-Seyler_, by _Brücke_ and by _Erdman_. Whichever process is used, the suspected stains are at first carefully separated from the material upon which they are deposited. If they are present on linen, or other fabrics, the stained portions, which always remain @@ -4863,12 +4826,12 @@ the albumen will be coagulated, and the blood rendered insoluble; in this case, cold water will fail to dissolve anything, and the residue will not produce crystals when treated with acetic acid. -In order to remedy this difficulty Brücke operates directly upon the +In order to remedy this difficulty Brücke operates directly upon the stained woven or ligneous fibre, or the matter removed from the stone or iron: The materials are boiled in a test-tube with glacial acetic acid, the fluid decanted or filtered, a trace of common salt added, and the liquid then evaporated on a watch-glass at a temperature between 40 and -80°. If the stains really originated from blood, haemin crystals will +80°. If the stains really originated from blood, haemin crystals will now be easily perceptible upon examining the residue obtained under the microscope. @@ -5003,7 +4966,7 @@ the test naturally loses all value. _j._ If the fluid obtained by treating the stains either with water or alkali is evaporated with a little carbonate of potassa, and the residue -heated, at first at 100°, then to redness, in a glass tube to which a +heated, at first at 100°, then to redness, in a glass tube to which a fresh quantity of carbonate of potassa has been added, cyanide of potassium is formed. When cold, the tube is cut above the part containing the fused mixture, the mass heated with iron-filings and @@ -5068,7 +5031,7 @@ Semen stains are soluble in water, forming a gummy fluid, in which chlorine, alcohol, bichloride of mercury, acetate and subacetate of lead produce a white precipitate, but which fails to be coagulated by heating. Plumbate of potassa does not impart a fawn-color to these -stains, at a temperature above 20°, as is the case with those produced +stains, at a temperature above 20°, as is the case with those produced by albuminous substances. Persulphate of iron imparts to spermatic stains a pale yellow color, @@ -5228,7 +5191,7 @@ BOOKS. *Angell and Hehner*; Butter; its analysis and adulterations. London, 1874. - *Anglada*; Traité de toxicologie. Paris, 1835. + *Anglada*; Traité de toxicologie. Paris, 1835. *Atcherly*; Adulteration of food. London, 1874. @@ -5240,9 +5203,9 @@ BOOKS. *Bergman*; Zur Kentniss der putriden Gifte. Dorpat, 1868. - *Bernard*; Leçons sur les substances toxiques. Paris, 1857. + *Bernard*; Leçons sur les substances toxiques. Paris, 1857. - *Billard*; Considerations medico-légale sur les empoisonnements par + *Billard*; Considerations medico-légale sur les empoisonnements par les irritants. Paris, 1821. *Blondlot*; Sur la recherche de l'arsenic par la methode de Marsh. @@ -5257,7 +5220,7 @@ BOOKS. *Boettcher*; Ueber Blutkrystalle. Dorpat, 1862. *Bonsels*; Ein Beitrag zur Analyse des Arsens, vorzugsweise in - gerichtlichen Fällen. Kiel, 1874. + gerichtlichen Fällen. Kiel, 1874. *Borie*; Catechisme toxicologique. Tuelle, 1841. @@ -5266,10 +5229,10 @@ BOOKS. *Bowman and Bloxam*; Medical chemistry. London, 1874. - *Briand et Chaudé*; Manuel complet de médicine légale; contenant un - manuel de chimie légale. Paris, 1873. + *Briand et Chaudé*; Manuel complet de médicine légale; contenant un + manuel de chimie légale. Paris, 1873. - *Buchner*; Toxikologie. Nüremburg, 1859. + *Buchner*; Toxikologie. Nüremburg, 1859. *Bureaux*; Histoire des falsifications des substances alimentaires. Paris, 1855. @@ -5281,13 +5244,13 @@ BOOKS. *Chiaje*; Tossicologia. Napoli, 1835. - *Chaussier*; Médicine légale. Paris, 1858. + *Chaussier*; Médicine légale. Paris, 1858. *Chevalier*; Dictionaire des alterations et falsifications des - substances alimentaires, médicamenteuses et commerciales, avec + substances alimentaires, médicamenteuses et commerciales, avec l'indication des moyens de les reconnaitre. Paris, 1856. - _Ibid_; Essais practiques sur l'examen chimique des vins, considéré + _Ibid_; Essais practiques sur l'examen chimique des vins, considéré sous la rapport judiciaire. Paris, 1857. *Christison*; A treatise on poisons. Edinburg, 1836. @@ -5301,7 +5264,7 @@ BOOKS. *Cotter*; Adulteration of liquors. N. Y., 1874. *Cottereau*; Des alterations et des falsifications du vin, et des - moyens physiques et chimiques employés pour les reconnaitre. + moyens physiques et chimiques employés pour les reconnaitre. Paris, 1851. *Cox*; Poisons; their effects, tests and antidotes. London, 1852. @@ -5311,9 +5274,9 @@ BOOKS. *Dalton*; Adulteration of food. London, 1857. - *Divergie*; Médicine légale. Paris, 1852. + *Divergie*; Médicine légale. Paris, 1852. - *Dragendorff*; Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Chemie einzelner organischen + *Dragendorff*; Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Chemie einzelner organischen Gifte. St. Petersburg, 1872. _Ibid_; Untersuchungen aus dem pharmaceutischen Institut in Dorpat. @@ -5323,10 +5286,10 @@ BOOKS. *Druitt*; On wines. London, 1866. - *Duflos*; Die wichtigsten Lebenbedürfnisse, ihre Aechtheit und Güte; - Verunreinigungen, Verfälschungen, etc. Breslau, 1846. + *Duflos*; Die wichtigsten Lebenbedürfnisse, ihre Aechtheit und Güte; + Verunreinigungen, Verfälschungen, etc. Breslau, 1846. - _Ibid_; Die Prüfung chemischer Gifte. Breslau, 1871. + _Ibid_; Die Prüfung chemischer Gifte. Breslau, 1871. _Ibid_; Handbuch der angewandten gerichtlich-chemischen Analyse der chemischen Gifte; ihre Erkennung in reinem Zustand und in @@ -5335,16 +5298,16 @@ BOOKS. *Duflos u. Hirsch*; Das Arsen; seine Erscheinung, u. s. w. Breslau, 1842. - *Dupasquier*; Consultation medico-légale relative à une accusation + *Dupasquier*; Consultation medico-légale relative à une accusation d'empoisonnement par le plomb. Lyon, 1843. *Erhard*; Die giftigen pflanzenalkaloiden und deren Ausmittelung auf mikroskopischem Wege. Passau, 1867. - *Eulenberg*; Die Lehre von den schädlichen und giftigen Gasen. + *Eulenberg*; Die Lehre von den schädlichen und giftigen Gasen. Braunschweig, 1849. - *Flandin*; Traité des poisons. Paris, 1852. + *Flandin*; Traité des poisons. Paris, 1852. *Flandin et Danger*; De l'arsenic. Paris, 1853. @@ -5359,9 +5322,9 @@ BOOKS. *Fresenius*; Auffindung unorganischen Gifte in Speisen, u. s. w. Braunschweig, 1856. - *Friedrich*; Die Verfälschung der Speisen und Getränke. Münster, 1859. + *Friedrich*; Die Verfälschung der Speisen und Getränke. Münster, 1859. - *Galtier*; Traité de toxicologie. Paris, 1855. + *Galtier*; Traité de toxicologie. Paris, 1855. *Galtier de Claubry*; De la recherche des alcalis organiques dans les cas d'empoisonnement. Paris, 1862. @@ -5371,11 +5334,11 @@ BOOKS. *Garnier*; Des falsification des substances alimentaires et des moyens de les reconnaitre. Paris, 1844. - *Gerhardt*; Précis d'analyse pour la recherche des alterations et + *Gerhardt*; Précis d'analyse pour la recherche des alterations et falsifications des produits chimiques et pharmaceutiques. Paris, 1860. - *Garland*; Précis d'analyse chemique qualitative. Paris, 1855. + *Garland*; Précis d'analyse chemique qualitative. Paris, 1855. *Gmelin*; Allgemeine Geschichte der thierischen und mineralischen Gifte. Erfurt, 1806. @@ -5383,7 +5346,7 @@ BOOKS. *Gorup-Besanez*; Anleitung zur qualitativen und quantitativen zoochemischen Analyse. Braunschweig, 1871. - *Gosse*; Des taches, au point de vue medico-légale. Paris, 1862. + *Gosse*; Des taches, au point de vue medico-légale. Paris, 1862. *Griffin*; The chemical testing of wines and spirits. London, 1872. @@ -5394,12 +5357,12 @@ BOOKS. *Guy*; Principles of forensic medicine. London, 1843. - *Gwosden*; Ueber die Darstellung des Hämin aus dem Blut und den + *Gwosden*; Ueber die Darstellung des Hämin aus dem Blut und den qualitativen Nachweis minimaler Blutmengen. Wien, 1866. *Hager*; Untersuchungen. Leipzig, 1873. - *Hartung-Schwarzkoff*; Chemie der organischen Alkalien. München, 1855. + *Hartung-Schwarzkoff*; Chemie der organischen Alkalien. München, 1855. *Hassall*; Adulteration of food. London, 1855. @@ -5409,7 +5372,7 @@ BOOKS. *Herman*; Lehrbuch der experimentellen Toxikologie. Berlin, 1875. - *Hitzig*; Studien über Bleivergiftung. Berlin, 1870. + *Hitzig*; Studien über Bleivergiftung. Berlin, 1870. *Hoffman*; Manual of chemical analysis. N. Y., 1873. @@ -5429,18 +5392,18 @@ BOOKS. *Jones (H. Bence)*; Chemistry of wines. London, 1874. - *Klincke*; Die Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel, Getränke, etc. + *Klincke*; Die Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel, Getränke, etc. Leipzig, 1858. *v. Kupffer*; Handbuch der Alkoholometrie. Wien, 1866. - *de Lapparent*; Les moyens de constater la pureté des principales + *de Lapparent*; Les moyens de constater la pureté des principales huiles fixes. Cherbourg, 1855. *Lefort*; Etudes chimiques et toxicologiques sur la morphine. Paris, 1861. - *Legrand*; Traité de médicine légale et de jurisprudence médical. + *Legrand*; Traité de médicine légale et de jurisprudence médical. Paris, 1873. *Letheby*; On food. N. Y., 1872. @@ -5449,26 +5412,26 @@ BOOKS. *Liebreich*; Outlines of Toxicology. London, 1875. - *Lindes*; Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Chemie. Berlin, 1852. + *Lindes*; Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Chemie. Berlin, 1852. - *Lunel*; Guide pratique pour reconnaïtre les falsifications et + *Lunel*; Guide pratique pour reconnaïtre les falsifications et alterations des substances alimentaires. Paris, 1874. - *Malle*; Essai d'analyse toxique génerale. Strasbourg, 1838. + *Malle*; Essai d'analyse toxique génerale. Strasbourg, 1838. *Marset*; Composition, adulteration, and analysis of food. London, 1856. *Marshall*; Remarks on arsenic. London, 1817. - *Marx*; Geschichtlich Darstellung der Giftlehre. Göttingen, 1829. + *Marx*; Geschichtlich Darstellung der Giftlehre. Göttingen, 1829. *Mata*; Tratado de medicina y cirugia legal. Paris, 1874. *Mayercon and Bergeret*; Recherches sur la passage de l'arsenic et de l'antimoine dans les tissus et les humeurs. Paris, 1874. - *Meissner*; Aräometrie in ihrer Anwendung auf Chemie und Technik. + *Meissner*; Aräometrie in ihrer Anwendung auf Chemie und Technik. Wien, 1816. *Mitchell*; Falsification of food. London, 1848. @@ -5480,9 +5443,9 @@ BOOKS. *Montgarney*; Essai de toxicologie. Paris, 1818. - *Muller*; Anleitung zur Prüfung der Kuhmilch. Bern, 1858. + *Muller*; Anleitung zur Prüfung der Kuhmilch. Bern, 1858. - *Münk und Leyden*; Phosphorvergiftung. Berlin, 1865. + *Münk und Leyden*; Phosphorvergiftung. Berlin, 1865. *Neubauer*; Chemie des Weines. Wiesbaden, 1874. @@ -5494,17 +5457,17 @@ BOOKS. *Odling*; A course of practical chemistry. London, 1872. - *Oesterlen*; Das menschliche Haar und seine gerichtärtliche Bedeutung. - Tübingen, 1875. + *Oesterlen*; Das menschliche Haar und seine gerichtärtliche Bedeutung. + Tübingen, 1875. *Orfila*; Rapport sur les moyens de constater la presence de l'arsenic dans les empoisonnements par ce toxique. Paris, 1841. - _Ibid_; Traité de médicine légale. Paris, 1848. + _Ibid_; Traité de médicine légale. Paris, 1848. - _Ibid_; Elements de chimie médicale. Paris, 1851. + _Ibid_; Elements de chimie médicale. Paris, 1851. - _Ibid_; Traité de toxicologie. Paris, 1852. + _Ibid_; Traité de toxicologie. Paris, 1852. *Otto*; Anleitung zur Ausmittelung der Gifte, und zur Erkennung der Blutflecken bei gerichtlich-chemischen Untersuchungen. @@ -5512,12 +5475,12 @@ BOOKS. *Payen*; Substances alimentaires. Paris, 1856. - *Pelliken*; Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Medizin, Toxikologie und - Pharmakodynamik. Würztburg, 1858. + *Pelliken*; Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Medizin, Toxikologie und + Pharmakodynamik. Würztburg, 1858. - *Petit Lafitte*; Instruction simplifiée pour la constatation des - propriétées des altérations et des falsifications des principales, - denrées alimentaires. Bordeaux, 1858. + *Petit Lafitte*; Instruction simplifiée pour la constatation des + propriétées des altérations et des falsifications des principales, + denrées alimentaires. Bordeaux, 1858. *Plaff*; Anleitung zur vornahme gericthlicher Blutuntersuchungen. Plauen, 1860. @@ -5535,16 +5498,16 @@ BOOKS. *Reese*; A manuel of Toxicology. Phila., 1874. - *Reveil*; Introduction à un cours de toxicologie. Paris, 1859. + *Reveil*; Introduction à un cours de toxicologie. Paris, 1859. - *Reyer*; Die Blausäure physiologisch untersucht. Bonn., 1868. + *Reyer*; Die Blausäure physiologisch untersucht. Bonn., 1868. *Rich*; The analyst's annual note-book for 1874. London, 1875. *Ritter*; Ueber die Ermittelung von Blut, Samen und Excrementenflecken - in Kriminalfällen. Würztburg, 1854. + in Kriminalfällen. Würztburg, 1854. - _Ibid_; Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Chemie. St. Petersburg, 1872. + _Ibid_; Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Chemie. St. Petersburg, 1872. _Ibid_; Manuel de chimie practique, analytique, toxicologique et zoochimique. Paris, 1874. @@ -5552,7 +5515,7 @@ BOOKS. *Robinet (fils)*; Manuel practique d'analyse chimique des vins. Paris, 1872. - *Rebuteau*; Elements de Toxicologie et de médecine légale appliquée à + *Rebuteau*; Elements de Toxicologie et de médecine légale appliquée à l'empoisonnements. Paris. 1873. *Roucher*; Recherches toxicologiques. Paris, 1852. @@ -5563,13 +5526,13 @@ BOOKS. *Schmidt*; Ein Beitrag zur Kentniss der milch. Dorpat 1874. - *Schmidt*; Diagnostik verdächtlicher Flecken. Leipzig, 1848. + *Schmidt*; Diagnostik verdächtlicher Flecken. Leipzig, 1848. *Schneider*; Die gerichtliche Chemie. Wien, 1852. - *Schroff*; Toxikologische Versuche über Arsen. Wien, 1858. + *Schroff*; Toxikologische Versuche über Arsen. Wien, 1858. - _Ibid_; Beiträge zur Kentniss des Aconite. + _Ibid_; Beiträge zur Kentniss des Aconite. *Simon*; Die Frauenmilch. Berlin, 1838. @@ -5591,12 +5554,12 @@ BOOKS. *Tanner*; Memoranda on Poisons. London, 1872. - *Tardieu*; Etude medico-légale sur l'empoisonnement. Paris, 1866. + *Tardieu*; Etude medico-légale sur l'empoisonnement. Paris, 1866. *Tardieu, Lorain et Roussin*; Empoisonnement par la strychnine, l'arsenic, et les sels de cuivre. Paris, 1865. - *Tatra*; Traité d'empoisonnement par l'acide nitrique. Paris, 1802. + *Tatra*; Traité d'empoisonnement par l'acide nitrique. Paris, 1802. *Taylor*; Poisoning by strychnine. London, 1856. @@ -5612,18 +5575,18 @@ BOOKS. *Traill*; Medical jurisprudence. Phila., 1841. - *Trommer*; Die Kuhmilch in Berzug auf ihre Verdünnung und - Verfälschung. Berlin, 1859. + *Trommer*; Die Kuhmilch in Berzug auf ihre Verdünnung und + Verfälschung. Berlin, 1859. - *Valser*; Etude sur la recherche, les caractères distinctifs, et la - dosage des alcaloïdes organiques naturels. Paris, 1862. + *Valser*; Etude sur la recherche, les caractères distinctifs, et la + dosage des alcaloïdes organiques naturels. Paris, 1862. - *Vernois*; Du lait chez la femme dans l'etât de santé et dans l'etât + *Vernois*; Du lait chez la femme dans l'etât de santé et dans l'etât de maladie. Paris, 1858. *Vogel*; Eine neue Milchprobe. Stuttgart, 1860. - *Walchner*; Die Nahrungsmittel des menchens, ihre Verfälschungen und + *Walchner*; Die Nahrungsmittel des menchens, ihre Verfälschungen und Verunreinigungen. Berlin, 1875. *Walther*; Ueber Erkennung des Arsens bei Arsenvergiftung. @@ -5631,7 +5594,7 @@ BOOKS. *Wanklyn*; Milk Analysis. London, 1874. - *Wenke*; Das Bier und seine Verfälschung. Weimar, 1861. + *Wenke*; Das Bier und seine Verfälschung. Weimar, 1861. *Werber*; Lehrbuch der praktischen Toxikologie. Erlangen, 1870. @@ -5645,16 +5608,16 @@ BOOKS. *Witting*; Uebersicht der wichtigsten Erfahrungen in der Toxikologie. Hannover, 1827. - *Wöhler und Liebold*; Das forensisch-gerichtlichen Verfahren bei einer + *Wöhler und Liebold*; Das forensisch-gerichtlichen Verfahren bei einer Arsenvergiftung. Berlin, 1847. *Wood*; Therapeutics, materia medica and Toxicology. Phila., 1874. *Wormely*; The micro-chemistry of Poisons. N. Y., 1867. - *Wurtz*; Chimie médicale. Paris, 1868. + *Wurtz*; Chimie médicale. Paris, 1868. - *Zalewsky*; Untersuchung über das Conin. Dorpat, 1869. + *Zalewsky*; Untersuchung über das Conin. Dorpat, 1869. MEMOIRS. @@ -5685,7 +5648,7 @@ On poisons generally and those not elsewhere classified. *Moitessier*; Annal d'Hygiene, 1868. - *Orfila*; Mem. de l'acad. roy. de méd. viii. 493. + *Orfila*; Mem. de l'acad. roy. de méd. viii. 493. *Otto*; Ann. chem. Pharm. c., 39. @@ -5800,7 +5763,7 @@ On the detection of Arsenic. *Meyer*; Ann. Chem. u. Pharm., lxvi. - *Montmeja*; La France Méd., Jan. 8, 1873. + *Montmeja*; La France Méd., Jan. 8, 1873. *Odling*; Guys. Hosp. Rep. [3] v. 367; Zeitsch. f. anal. Chem. ii. 388. @@ -5835,7 +5798,7 @@ On the detection of Arsenic. *Ures*; Dict. Arts, etc., new edit, i, 189. - *Vitry*; Annal d'hygiène publ. xxxvi, 14. + *Vitry*; Annal d'hygiène publ. xxxvi, 14. *Wackenroder*; Arch. f. Pharm. lxx, 14. @@ -5848,7 +5811,7 @@ On the detection of Arsenic. *Wittstein*; Zeitsch. f. anal. Chem. ii, 19. *Wohler*; Ann. der Chem. u. Pharm. lxix, 364; Mineral Analyse, - Göttingen, 1861, 213. + Göttingen, 1861, 213. *Wood and Doremus*; N. Y. Med. Press, 1859, 543. @@ -5898,7 +5861,7 @@ On the detection of Phosphorus. *Barrett*; Phil. Mag. [4] xxx, 321. - *Blondlot*; Jour. de. Phy. et de Chim. 3 é serie xl, p. 25. + *Blondlot*; Jour. de. Phy. et de Chim. 3 é serie xl, p. 25. *Bostelaer*; Jour. de Pharm. et de Chim., May, 1873. @@ -5920,7 +5883,7 @@ On the detection of Phosphorus. *Kohler*; Poly. centralh., 1871, 263. - *Lapeyrere*; La France méd., Jan. 4, 1873. + *Lapeyrere*; La France méd., Jan. 4, 1873. *Lefort*; Jour. de Pharm. et de Chim., Aug., 1874. @@ -5935,7 +5898,7 @@ On the detection of Phosphorus. *Pribram*; Zeitsch. f. anal. Chem. 1871, 109. - *Ritter*; Thése de doctorat es sciences, Paris, 1872. + *Ritter*; Thése de doctorat es sciences, Paris, 1872. *Scherer*; Ann. Ch. Pharm. cxii, 214. @@ -5992,7 +5955,7 @@ On the detection of Alkaloids in general. *Bonnemains*; Compt. Rend. xxxvi, 150. - *Bouchardt*; Ann. de Phys. et de Chim., 3e série. t. ix. + *Bouchardt*; Ann. de Phys. et de Chim., 3e série. t. ix. *Brunner*; Archiv der Pharm., April, 1873. @@ -6033,7 +5996,7 @@ On the detection of Alkaloids in general. *Lehrman*; Archiv der Pharm. 2 Bd. lxxvi, 144. - *Liebig*, Poggendorff u. Wohler; Handwörterb. d. Chem. 2 Aus. i, 464. + *Liebig*, Poggendorff u. Wohler; Handwörterb. d. Chem. 2 Aus. i, 464. *Macadams*; Pharm. Jour. Trans. xvi, 120, 160. @@ -6049,7 +6012,7 @@ On the detection of Alkaloids in general. *Otto*; Ann. Ch. Pharm. c, 39. - *Orfila*; Jour. de. Chim. et Méd. [4] t. vii, 397. + *Orfila*; Jour. de. Chim. et Méd. [4] t. vii, 397. *Palm*; Pharm. Zeitsch. f. Russl. i, Jahxgang. @@ -6079,7 +6042,7 @@ On the detection of Alkaloids in general. *Sonnenschein*; ibid, civ, 45. - *Stas*; Bull. de l'Acad. Roy. de Méd. de Belgique, xi, 304 (1851); + *Stas*; Bull. de l'Acad. Roy. de Méd. de Belgique, xi, 304 (1851); Ann. Ch. Pharm., lxxxiv, 379, J. Pharm. Chim., xxii, 281; Jahresb., 1851, 640; Jour. f. prakt. Chem., lix, 232. @@ -6173,7 +6136,7 @@ On Strychnine. *Erdman and Marchand*; Jour. f. prakt. Chem., xxxi, 374. - *Gorup-Besenez*; Handwörterb. [2] i, 468. + *Gorup-Besenez*; Handwörterb. [2] i, 468. *Graham and Hofman*; Pharm. Trans., xi, 504; Chem. Gaz., 1852, 197; Ann. Ch. Pharm., lxxxiii, 39. @@ -6196,7 +6159,7 @@ On Strychnine. *Reese*; Chem. News. 1862, 316. - *Rousseau*; J. Chim. Méd. xx, 415. + *Rousseau*; J. Chim. Méd. xx, 415. *Sonnenschein*; Jahresb. 1870, 1032; Ber. d. Deutsch. Chem. Gess. iii, 653. @@ -6265,7 +6228,7 @@ On the detection of adulterations in Flour and Bread. *Oser*; Ding. poly. Jour., clxxxiii, 256. - *Rivot*; Ann. de Phys. et de Chim., 3e série t, xlvii. + *Rivot*; Ann. de Phys. et de Chim., 3e série t, xlvii. *Rummel*; Ding. poly. Jour., cxxxix, 49. @@ -6363,7 +6326,7 @@ On the examination of Milk. *Otto*; Ann. Chem. Pharm., cii, 47. - *Pelouze and Fremy*; Traité de Chim. gen., [2 edit.] Paris, 1857, p. + *Pelouze and Fremy*; Traité de Chim. gen., [2 edit.] Paris, 1857, p. 195. *Pribram*; Dings. poly. Jour., cxcvii, 448 @@ -6376,7 +6339,7 @@ On the examination of Milk. *Seely*; Sill. Am. J., vii, 293. - *Vernois and Becqueret*; Ann. d'Hygiéne, April, 1853. + *Vernois and Becqueret*; Ann. d'Hygiéne, April, 1853. *Voelcker*; Am. Chem., May, 1875, p. 412. @@ -6419,7 +6382,7 @@ WINE. *Dupre*; Chem. Soc. Jour. xx, 493. - *Fantenelle*; J. Chim. Méd., iii, 332. + *Fantenelle*; J. Chim. Méd., iii, 332. *Faure*; J. Pharm., vii, 200. @@ -6435,20 +6398,20 @@ WINE. *Hitchcock*; Edinb. Phil. Jour., xxxvii, 176. - *Jacquemin*; Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. v, série, Nov., 1874; Compt. + *Jacquemin*; Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. v, série, Nov., 1874; Compt. rend., lxxix, 523. *Kersting*; Ann. Ch. Pharm., lxx, 50. - *Khol*; J. Chim. Méd., [4] ii, 251. + *Khol*; J. Chim. Méd., [4] ii, 251. - *Liebig, Poggendorff and Wohler*; Handwörterb. ix, 676. + *Liebig, Poggendorff and Wohler*; Handwörterb. ix, 676. *Ludersdorf*; J. f. prak. Chem., xxiv, 102. *Maisch*; Proc. Am. Pharm. Assn., 1863, 296; 1864, 291; 1866, 267. - *Mallard*; J. Chim. Méd., iii, 326. + *Mallard*; J. Chim. Méd., iii, 326. *Maumene*; Bull. Soc. Chim., xxii, No. 1. @@ -6499,7 +6462,7 @@ BEER. *Meme*; Compt. rend., 2me sem., No. 123. - *Michælis*; Ill. Gewerbz., 1871, 8. + *Michælis*; Ill. Gewerbz., 1871, 8. *Muspratt's* Chem. i, 281. @@ -6526,7 +6489,7 @@ On the testing of Vinegar. *Greville*; Ding. poly. Jour., cxxxi, 139. - *Liebig, Poggendorff and Wohler*; Handwörterb, ii, 867. + *Liebig, Poggendorff and Wohler*; Handwörterb, ii, 867. *Mohr*; Ann. Ch. Pharm., xxxi, 277. @@ -6570,7 +6533,7 @@ On the detection of adulterations in Sulphate of Quinine. On the detection of Blood Stains. - *Barruel*; Ann. d'Hygiéne pub., i. 267; ibid, No. 6, 1829. + *Barruel*; Ann. d'Hygiéne pub., i. 267; ibid, No. 6, 1829. *Bertolet*; Am. Jour. Med., Sc., Jan., 1874. @@ -6594,7 +6557,7 @@ On the detection of Blood Stains. *Krauss*; Jahresb., 1861, 792. - *Liebig, Poggendorff and Wohler*; Handwörterb., iv, 177. + *Liebig, Poggendorff and Wohler*; Handwörterb., iv, 177. *Liman*; Jahresb., 1863, 715. @@ -6604,7 +6567,7 @@ On the detection of Blood Stains. *Muller*; Zeitsch. f. anal. Chem., 1872, iii. - *Orfila*; Jour. des Progés des Sc., iv, 1827; Archiv. gen. de Méd., + *Orfila*; Jour. des Progés des Sc., iv, 1827; Archiv. gen. de Méd., Fev., 1828. *Papillon*; Mon. Scien. Ques., Jan., 1874, 59. @@ -6613,7 +6576,7 @@ On the detection of Blood Stains. *Rose*; Jahresb. der Pharm., ii, 365; Jahresb., 1854, 754. - *Roussin*; Ann. d'Hyg. et de Méd. lég., 1865. + *Roussin*; Ann. d'Hyg. et de Méd. lég., 1865. *Scriba, Simon and Buchner*; Jahresb., 1859, 706. @@ -6636,12 +6599,12 @@ On the detection of Blood Stains. On the detection of Spermatic Stains. - *Bayard*; Ann. d'Hygiéne. pub., 1849, No. 43. + *Bayard*; Ann. d'Hygiéne. pub., 1849, No. 43. *Renak*; Diagnostisch. u. Pathologisch. Unters. Berlin, 1845, pp. 148, 171. - *Schmidt*; Diagnostik Verdäch. Flecken, Leipzig, 1848, pp. 42-48. + *Schmidt*; Diagnostik Verdäch. Flecken, Leipzig, 1848, pp. 42-48. * * * * * @@ -6649,27 +6612,27 @@ The following are the most important works relating to poisons and food-adulteration that have been issued since the publication of the first edition of this book: - *Adam*; Étude sur les principales methodes d'essai et d'analyse du + *Adam*; Étude sur les principales methodes d'essai et d'analyse du lait. Paris, 1879. - *Averbeck*; Die Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. Bremen, 1878. + *Averbeck*; Die Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. Bremen, 1878. - *Bastide*; Vins sophistiqués. Beriès, 1876. + *Bastide*; Vins sophistiqués. Beriès, 1876. - *Bauer*; Die Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. Berlin, 1877. + *Bauer*; Die Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. Berlin, 1877. *Bell*; Analysis and adulteration of food. 1881. - *Binz*; Intoxicationen. Tübingen, 1878. + *Binz*; Intoxicationen. Tübingen, 1878. - *Birnbaum*; Einfache Methoden zur Prüfung Lebensmittel. 1877. + *Birnbaum*; Einfache Methoden zur Prüfung Lebensmittel. 1877. - *Blane*; De la contrefaçon. + *Blane*; De la contrefaçon. - *Blas*; De la présence de l'acide salicylique dans les bierres. + *Blas*; De la présence de l'acide salicylique dans les bierres. Paris, 1879. - *Blochman*; Ueber Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. Königsberg, 1881. + *Blochman*; Ueber Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. Königsberg, 1881. *Blyth*; Dictionary of Hygiene. London, 1877. @@ -6694,11 +6657,11 @@ first edition of this book: *Cooley's* Practical receipts. - *Dannehl*; Die Verfälschung des Bieres. Berlin, 1877. + *Dannehl*; Die Verfälschung des Bieres. Berlin, 1877. *Dietzsch*; Die wichtigsten Nahrungsmittel, etc. Zurich, 1878. - *Dragendorff*; Recherches des substances amères dans la bière. + *Dragendorff*; Recherches des substances amères dans la bière. Paris, 1876. _Ibid_; Gerichtlich chemische Ermittellung von Giften. @@ -6710,13 +6673,13 @@ St. Petersburg, 1876. *Falk*; Lehrbuch der praktischen Toxicologie. Stuttgart, 1880. - *Flick*; Die Chemie im Dienst der öffentlichen Gesundheitspflege. + *Flick*; Die Chemie im Dienst der öffentlichen Gesundheitspflege. Dresden, 1882. *Fluegge*; Lehrbuch der hygienischen Untersuchungsmethoden. Leipzig, 1881. - *Focke*; Massregeln gegen Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. + *Focke*; Massregeln gegen Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. Chemnitz, 1877. *Fox*; Sanitary examination of water, air, and food. 1878. @@ -6727,18 +6690,18 @@ St. Petersburg, 1876. *Gaultier*; La sophistication des vins. Paris, 1877. - *Gimlini*; Experimentelle Untersuchung über die Wirkung des Aconitins. + *Gimlini*; Experimentelle Untersuchung über die Wirkung des Aconitins. Erlangen, 1876. *Goppelsroeder*; Sur l'analyse des vins. Mulhouse, 1877. - *Grandeau*; Handbuch für agricultur-chemische Analysen. Berlin, 1880. + *Grandeau*; Handbuch für agricultur-chemische Analysen. Berlin, 1880. - *Griessmayer*; Die Verfälschung der wichtigsten Nahrungs-und + *Griessmayer*; Die Verfälschung der wichtigsten Nahrungs-und Genussmittel. 1880. *Hahn*; Die wichtigsten d. his jetzt bekannten Geheimmittel u. - Specialitäten. 1876. + Specialitäten. 1876. *Hausner*; Fabrikation der Conserven und Conditen. Leipzig, 1877. @@ -6752,18 +6715,18 @@ St. Petersburg, 1876. *Husson*; Du vin. Paris, 1877. - _Ibid_; Le lait, la créme, et le beurre. 1878. + _Ibid_; Le lait, la créme, et le beurre. 1878. - *Johnson's* Encyclopædia, vol. iv. p. 752. + *Johnson's* Encyclopædia, vol. iv. p. 752. *Johnson*; Chemistry of common life. N. Y., 1880. - *Judell*; Die Vergiftung mit Blausäure. Erlangen, 1876. + *Judell*; Die Vergiftung mit Blausäure. Erlangen, 1876. *Kensington*; Analysis of foods. London, 1879. - *Klencke*; Illustrirtes Lexicon der Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel - und Getränke. Leipzig, 1878. + *Klencke*; Illustrirtes Lexicon der Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel + und Getränke. Leipzig, 1878. *Koenig*; Chemische Zusammensetzung der menschlichen Nahrungsmittel. @@ -6777,14 +6740,14 @@ St. Petersburg, 1876. *Lintner*; Lehrbuch der Bierbrauerei. 1877. - *Loebner*; Massregeln gegen Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. + *Loebner*; Massregeln gegen Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. Chemnitz, 1877. *Luerssen*; Medicinisch Botanik. Leipzig, 1883. - *Maschka*; Handbuch der gerichtlichen Medizin. Tübingen, 1882. + *Maschka*; Handbuch der gerichtlichen Medizin. Tübingen, 1882. - *Medicus*; Gerichtlich-chemische Prüfung von Nahrungs-und + *Medicus*; Gerichtlich-chemische Prüfung von Nahrungs-und Genussmitteln. 1881. *Montgomery*; Essai de Toxicologie. Paris, 1878. @@ -6798,11 +6761,11 @@ St. Petersburg, 1876. *Parkes*; Hygiene. Phila., 1878. - *Pasteur*; Études sur la bière. Paris, 1876. + *Pasteur*; Études sur la bière. Paris, 1876. *Pavy*; A treatise on food and dietetics. London, 1875. - *Pennetier*; Leçons sur les matières premières organiques. + *Pennetier*; Leçons sur les matières premières organiques. Paris, 1881. *Praag*; Leerbock voor practische Giftleer. Utrecht. @@ -6811,11 +6774,11 @@ St. Petersburg, 1876. *Prescott*; Proximate organic analysis. N. Y., 1882. - *Ritter*; Des vins colorés par la fuchsine. Paris, 1876. + *Ritter*; Des vins colorés par la fuchsine. Paris, 1876. *Reitleitner*; Die Analyse des Weines. Wien, 1877. - *Schnacke*; Wörterbuch der Verfälschung. Jena, 1877. + *Schnacke*; Wörterbuch der Verfälschung. Jena, 1877. *Schmidt*; Anleitung sanitarisch-und polizeilich-chemischen Untersuchungen. Zurich, 1878. @@ -6832,13 +6795,13 @@ St. Petersburg, 1876. _Ibid_; Handbook for inspectors of nuisances. London. - *Spon's* Encyclopædia. London, 1882. + *Spon's* Encyclopædia. London, 1882. *Squibb*; Proper legislation on adulteration of food. N. Y., 1879. - *Steirlin*; Ueber Weinverfälschung und Weinfarbung. Bern, 1877. + *Steirlin*; Ueber Weinverfälschung und Weinfarbung. Bern, 1877. - _Ibid_; Das Bier und seine Verfälschung. Bern, 1878. + _Ibid_; Das Bier und seine Verfälschung. Bern, 1878. *Thudicum and Dupre*; Wine. @@ -6848,14 +6811,14 @@ St. Petersburg, 1876. *Wanklyn and Cooper*; Bread analysis. London, 1881. - *Wenyl*; Analytisches Hülfsbuch. Berlin, 1882. + *Wenyl*; Analytisches Hülfsbuch. Berlin, 1882. *Wittstein*; Taschenbuch des Nahrungs-und Genussmittel Lehre. Nordlingen, 1877. *Woodman*; Handbook of forensic medicine. London, 1877. - *Wurtz*; Traité élémentaire de chimie médicale. Paris. + *Wurtz*; Traité élémentaire de chimie médicale. Paris. MEMOIRS. @@ -6877,7 +6840,7 @@ Alkaloids. Berl. Klin. Wochenschr. 1876, 27. - Pflüger's, 23, 433. + Pflüger's, 23, 433. Lancet, Sept. 30, 1880; ibid, Nov. 28, 1882; ibid, Nov. 13, 1882. @@ -6900,7 +6863,7 @@ Arsenic and Antimony. Med. Jahrbuch, 1880. - Journ. d'Hygiène, Juil., 1878. + Journ. d'Hygiène, Juil., 1878. Medical Times and Gaz. 1876, p. 367. @@ -6941,7 +6904,7 @@ Prussic Acid. Analyst, Apr., 1877, p. 5. - Bull. Gen. de Thér. No. 30. + Bull. Gen. de Thér. No. 30. Am. Journ. Phys. Sci., Arnold, 1869. @@ -6983,7 +6946,7 @@ Flour and Bread. Chem. Soc. Jour. xxxv, p. 610. - Jour. d'Hygiène, May, 1878. + Jour. d'Hygiène, May, 1878. Pharm. Jour. Trans. 1876, cccxii, 1001. @@ -7010,11 +6973,11 @@ Tea. Journ. de Pharm. d'Anvers, 1876, 121. - Journ. Pharm. et Chim. 3 série, 1856, xxiv, 228. + Journ. Pharm. et Chim. 3 série, 1856, xxiv, 228. Repert. de Pharm. 1856, vii, p. 117. - Journ. Chim. Méd. 2 série, 1844, x, 459; 1844, 24. + Journ. Chim. Méd. 2 série, 1844, x, 459; 1844, 24. Ann. Chem. Pharm. xxvi, 244; xxix, 271; xxxvi, 93. @@ -7068,20 +7031,20 @@ Wine and Beer. Comptes Rendus, lxxxiv, 348. - Journ. Chim. Méd. t. ix, p. 495. + Journ. Chim. Méd. t. ix, p. 495. Arch. Pharm. [3] v. 25, 23, bd. 185, p. 225. Chem. Soc. Journ. ii, 1877, p. 372. - Ann. d'Hyg. et Méd. Lég. 1861, xvii, pp. 33, 430. + Ann. d'Hyg. et Méd. Lég. 1861, xvii, pp. 33, 430. Vinegar. Analyst, iii, 1878, p. 268; i, 1877, p. 105. - Ann. d'Hyg. et Méd. Lég. 2 sér. t. xii. + Ann. d'Hyg. et Méd. Lég. 2 sér. t. xii. Pharm. Journ., Jul. 3, 1875. @@ -7094,9 +7057,9 @@ furnish reports on this subject. These may be found in the annual publications of the same, notably in the volumes issued by the Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, and New York State Boards of Health. It may also be mentioned in this connection that the _Sanitary -Engineer_ of New York, the _Analyst_ of London, the _Zeitschrift für +Engineer_ of New York, the _Analyst_ of London, the _Zeitschrift für Untersuchung von Lebensmitteln_, Eichstatt, and the _Zeitschrift gegen -Verfälschung der Lebensmittel_, Leipzig, are journals devoted to the +Verfälschung der Lebensmittel_, Leipzig, are journals devoted to the consideration of adulterations and the more recent methods employed for their detection. @@ -7223,7 +7186,7 @@ INDEX. Bromine, 55, 90, 93, 94 - Brücke's test for blood stains, 152 + Brücke's test for blood stains, 152 Brucine, 78 @@ -7322,7 +7285,7 @@ INDEX. H. - Hæmin crystals, 150 + Hæmin crystals, 150 Hair, examination of, 96 @@ -7691,7 +7654,7 @@ D. VAN NOSTRAND, By Charles T. Porter. Revised, with notes and large additions as developed by American practice; with an appendix containing useful - formulæ and rules for engineers. Illustrated. Fourth edition. 12mo, + formulæ and rules for engineers. Illustrated. Fourth edition. 12mo, cloth 1 00 *BARBA, J.--The Use of Steel for Constructive Purposes;* @@ -7877,7 +7840,7 @@ D. VAN NOSTRAND, Vol. I.--School of the Soldier; School of the Company; Instruction for Skirmishers. Vol. II.--School of the Battalion, Vol. III.--Evolutions - of a Brigade; Evolutions of a Corps d'Armée. Lithographed plates. 3 + of a Brigade; Evolutions of a Corps d'Armée. Lithographed plates. 3 vols. 24mo, cloth 1 50 *CHAUVENET, Prof. W.--New Method of Correcting Lunar Distances, and @@ -8282,7 +8245,7 @@ D. VAN NOSTRAND, Stonewall Jackson. 8vo, cloth 3 50 *HOWARD, C. R.--Earthwork Mensuration on the Basis of the Prismoidal - Formulæ.* + Formulæ.* Containing simple and labor-saving method of obtaining Prismoidal Contents directly from End Areas. Illustrated by Examples, and @@ -8330,7 +8293,7 @@ D. VAN NOSTRAND, *JOMINI, Gen. BARON DE.--Campaign of Waterloo.* The Political and Military History of the Campaign of Waterloo. - Translated from the French by Gen. S. V. Benét. Third edition. 12mo, + Translated from the French by Gen. S. V. Benét. Third edition. 12mo, cloth 1 25 ---- *Treatise on Grand Military Operations.* @@ -8588,7 +8551,7 @@ have been made to the text. was changed in order to indicate that this part is a section of the chapter "Methods of Destruction of the Organic Substances" - -"treated with "_mélaïnocome_"" was: "treated with "melaniocome"" + -"treated with "_mélaïnocome_"" was: "treated with "melaniocome"" -The sentence "M. Salleron offers for sale a small apparatus (Fig. 20)" wrongly referred to Fig. 16. @@ -8612,362 +8575,4 @@ have been made to the text. End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Legal Chemistry, by J. P. 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Naquet, a Projct Gutenberg eBook</title> @@ -293,50 +293,7 @@ table.inline { </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Legal Chemistry, by J. P. Battershall - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Legal Chemistry - A Guide to the Detection of Poisons, Examination of Tea, Stains, Etc. - -Author: J. P. Battershall - -Translator: A. Naquet - -Release Date: October 27, 2013 [EBook #44048] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LEGAL CHEMISTRY *** - - - - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Heike Leichsenring and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 44048 ***</div> <h1>Legal Chemistry.</h1> @@ -1222,7 +1179,7 @@ should be covered with the white of an egg which is subsequently coagulated by the application of heat. The organs previously cut into small pieces, or the materials found in the alimentary canal, etc., after having been allowed -to digest for 24 hours in water at <span class="locked">32°<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1" href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></span>—or, in dilute acids, if +to digest for 24 hours in water at <span class="locked">32°<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1" href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></span>—or, in dilute acids, if the presence of an alkaloid is suspected,—are then placed in the upper vessel, which is termed the dialyser. The whole should form a layer not over 2 cubic centimetres in height. The @@ -1323,7 +1280,7 @@ which it may be mixed. The destruction of the organic sub<span class="pagenum">< is, however, accomplished by means of chlorate of potassa and hydrochloric acid. To insure the complete precipitation of the arsenic, it is advisable to conduct sulphuretted -hydrogen through the solution, at a temperature of 70° +hydrogen through the solution, at a temperature of 70° for twelve hours, and then allow the fluid to remain in a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> moderately warm place, until the odor of the gas is no longer perceptible, the vessel being simply covered with a piece of @@ -1939,7 +1896,7 @@ the solution confirmed by further tests.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" is prepared as follows:</p> <p>The suspected organic matter is treated with cold sulphuric -acid of 66° <i>B.</i> until liquefied, and hypochlorite of lime, and distilled +acid of 66° <i>B.</i> until liquefied, and hypochlorite of lime, and distilled water then added: if necessary, the evolution of chlorine can be accelerated by a further addition of sulphuric acid. As soon as the liquid becomes clear, it is filtered, concentrated @@ -2236,7 +2193,7 @@ that the reaction occurs very readily.)</p> <h4>PHOSPHORIC ACID.</h4> <p>The aqueous solution is evaporated to dryness, the residue -taken up with alcohol of 44° B., the fluid again evaporated, and +taken up with alcohol of 44° B., the fluid again evaporated, and the second residue dissolved in water. Upon adding acetate of lead to the solution, a white precipitate is produced if phosphoric acid be present. The precipitate is washed, suspended @@ -2566,7 +2523,7 @@ the reagents commonly made use of.</p> <p>A current of sulphuretted hydrogen is conducted for twelve hours through the solution, which is kept at a temperature of -70°. by means of a water-bath. The flask containing the +70°. by means of a water-bath. The flask containing the liquid is then closed with a piece of paper, and allowed to remain in a moderately warm place until the odor of the gas is no longer perceptible. The solution is next filtered with @@ -2584,7 +2541,7 @@ metal, it is dried, moistened with nitric acid, and the mass heated on a water-bath. Some Swedish filtering paper is next added, the mixture well impregnated with sulphuric acid, and then maintained for several hours at a temperature of about -170°. until a small portion (afterwards returned) gives a colorless +170°. until a small portion (afterwards returned) gives a colorless solution when treated with water. The residue is now heated with a mixture of one part of hydrochloric acid and eight parts of water, the liquid filtered, the matter remaining undissolved @@ -2849,13 +2806,13 @@ solutions by agitation with ether.</p> if organs are contained, are cut into fine shreds, then mixed with absolute alcohol, 0.5 to 2. grammes of tartaric or oxalic acid added and the whole introduced into a flask and -heated at a temperature of 60° to 75°. When quite cold, +heated at a temperature of 60° to 75°. When quite cold, the mixture is filtered, and the undissolved portion remaining on the filter washed with absolute alcohol, the washings being added to the filtrate. The alcoholic solution is evaporated, either by placing it under a bell-jar connected with an air-pump, or by passing a current of air, having a temperature not -exceeding 35° over it, until reduced to a quarter of its original +exceeding 35° over it, until reduced to a quarter of its original volume: the complete expulsion of the alcohol being then rendered certain. If insoluble matter separates during this operation, the concentrated fluid is passed through a moistened @@ -2979,7 +2936,7 @@ ERDMAN.</h4> <p>1st. The materials to be examined are brought to the consistence of a thin paste, and digested for about two hours with water, to which some hydrochloric acid has been added, -at a temperature of 60° to 80°. The mixture is then filtered +at a temperature of 60° to 80°. The mixture is then filtered through a moistened linen cloth, and the residue washed with warm acidulated water; the washings being added to the solution.</p> @@ -3893,30 +3850,30 @@ decolorized.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span> means of restoring the original color differ. The following are the methods most usually employed in dyeing:</p> -<p>1º. The hair is well rubbed with a pomade, in which finely +<p>1º. The hair is well rubbed with a pomade, in which finely pulverized charcoal is incorporated. This preparation, which -is sold under the name of "<i>mélaïnocome</i>," possesses the disadvantage +is sold under the name of "<i>mélaïnocome</i>," possesses the disadvantage of soiling the fingers and clothing, even for several days after its application.</p> -<p>2º. The hair is moistened with a dilute solution of ammonia, +<p>2º. The hair is moistened with a dilute solution of ammonia, and a perfectly neutral solution of a bismuth salt (chloride or nitrate) is then applied. It is subsequently washed, and allowed to remain in contact with a solution of sulphuretted hydrogen.</p> -<p>3º. The same operation is performed, a lead compound +<p>3º. The same operation is performed, a lead compound being substituted for the bismuth salt.</p> -<p>4º. A mixture of litharge, chalk, and slacked lime is applied, +<p>4º. A mixture of litharge, chalk, and slacked lime is applied, and the head covered with a warm cloth. The hair is afterwards washed, first with dilute vinegar, then with the yolk of an egg.</p> -<p>5º. The hair is first cleansed with the yolk of an egg, and +<p>5º. The hair is first cleansed with the yolk of an egg, and then moistened with a solution of plumbate of lime; or,</p> -<p>6º. It is moistened with a solution of nitrate of silver, to +<p>6º. It is moistened with a solution of nitrate of silver, to which a quantity of ammonia sufficient to dissolve the precipitate first formed has been added.</p> @@ -3933,7 +3890,7 @@ is probably due to the action of light, which, as is well known, decomposes the salts of silver.</p> <p>In order to restore the original color to hair which has -been treated with "<i>mélaïnocome</i>," it is only necessary to +been treated with "<i>mélaïnocome</i>," it is only necessary to dissolve in ether the fatty matters present, and then remove the charcoal by washing with water.</p> @@ -4259,12 +4216,12 @@ iodine, for instance, which imparts a yellow color to gelatine, turns starch violet-blue. In order to detect the alteration of a writing, the following examinations are made:</p> -<p>1º. The paper is carefully examined in all of its parts, and +<p>1º. The paper is carefully examined in all of its parts, and in various positions, by aid of a lens. In this way, either thinned points, caused by erasure, or remaining traces of words, may possibly be discovered.</p> -<p>2º. The paper is next placed upon a perfectly clean piece +<p>2º. The paper is next placed upon a perfectly clean piece of glass, and completely and uniformly moistened with water. The glass is then removed, and the transparency of the paper examined by aid of a lens. When uniform transparency is @@ -4278,13 +4235,13 @@ detected, there is reason to suspect that words have been removed, and the spots either left intact or afterwards coated with a substance soluble in water, such as alum.</p> -<p>3º. The paper is dried and the above operation repeated +<p>3º. The paper is dried and the above operation repeated with alcohol of 87 per cent. Indications may now be observed which failed to occur in the treatment with water; as well as these latter confirmed. As alcohol dissolves sandarac, the points that formerly appeared opaque may now become transparent.</p> -<p>4º. The paper is again dried, then placed under a sheet of +<p>4º. The paper is again dried, then placed under a sheet of very thin silk-paper, and a warm iron passed over it. This operation frequently causes the reappearance of words that have been partially obliterated. It is also advisable—as suggested @@ -4297,7 +4254,7 @@ applied in order to mask the alteration—the paper having been originally sized with the above mixture—it will assume in some portions a yellow, in others a violet-blue color.</p> -<p>5º. It is ascertained whether the paper possesses an acid reaction. +<p>5º. It is ascertained whether the paper possesses an acid reaction. If so, its acidity may result from the presence of hydrochloric acid, in case the paper was washed with chlorine, or of other acids. Alum, used to disguise erasure, would also cause @@ -4312,7 +4269,7 @@ case, it is advisable, before wetting the paper, to slightly press it upon a sheet of moist litmus paper: the acid spots will then leave a reddish trace upon the latter.</p> -<p>6º. The manuscript under examination is again spread +<p>6º. The manuscript under examination is again spread upon a glass-plate, and a solution of tannin (or preferably, a solution of ferrocyanide of potassium containing one per cent. of the salt, and acidulated with acetic acid) applied by @@ -4329,7 +4286,7 @@ before the reaction has occurred.</p> feared in the above test, it is well to previously provide the court with a certified copy, and then proceed with the examination.</p> -<p>7º. If the paper possesses a friable appearance, it has possibly +<p>7º. If the paper possesses a friable appearance, it has possibly been washed with sulphuric acid. This property may however originate from other causes, and the presence of the acid should be confirmed by washing the document with distilled @@ -4341,7 +4298,7 @@ contained in the water used in the preparation of the pulp.</p> <p>If much sulphuric acid be present, it may be so concentrated by heating as to cause the carbonization of the paper.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span></p> -<p>8º. It is also well, should washing with sulphuric acid be +<p>8º. It is also well, should washing with sulphuric acid be suspected, to ascertain, by aid of a lens, if the filaments on the surface of the manuscript possess an inflated appearance. This would be caused by the escape of carbonic acid, @@ -4349,7 +4306,7 @@ originating from the action of sulphuric acid upon the carbonates contained in the water used in the manufacture of the paper.</p> -<p>9º. Old ink is more difficult to remove than new, and it is +<p>9º. Old ink is more difficult to remove than new, and it is therefore sometimes possible to cause the reappearance of old writings, over which words have been subsequently written. For this purpose, a solution containing 50 per cent. of @@ -4360,7 +4317,7 @@ Upon now repeating the operation, the presence of a former writing may be detected after the complete disappearance of the words last written.</p> -<p>10º. According to <i>M. Lassaigne</i>, when the same ink has +<p>10º. According to <i>M. Lassaigne</i>, when the same ink has not been used throughout a document, washing with dilute hydrochloric acid will demonstrate the fact. This acid, while causing the gradual obliteration of characters written with @@ -4475,7 +4432,7 @@ advantageous a fraud not to be often attempted.</p> <p>Coins are most frequently altered by <i>clipping</i>; by <i>stuffing</i>, that is, by boring the coin and inserting an alloy of small value; by <i>doubling</i>, which operation consists in covering its face with -two thin laminæ taken from a genuine coin; and by applying +two thin laminæ taken from a genuine coin; and by applying a coating of gold or silver by means of electro-plating.</p> <p>In order to ascertain if a coin has been counterfeited, its @@ -4574,7 +4531,7 @@ results.</p> the flour, in a proportion not exceeding 2 per cent.</li> <li><i>Water</i>, of which it loses 12 to 15 per cent., at the heat of a water-bath, and 15 to 20 per cent., at a temperature of -160°.</li> +160°.</li> <li><i>Bran</i>, (ligneous and fatty matter,) in a very small proportion, when the flour has been properly bolted.</li> @@ -4752,7 +4709,7 @@ having a fine red color; but it remains unaltered, if entirely due to linseed. In case the oil becomes solidified, the mercury salt present should be removed by washing with water, the residue taken up with boiling alcohol of -36° B. and the solution filtered: upon evaporating the alcoholic +36° B. and the solution filtered: upon evaporating the alcoholic filtrate, a residue is obtained consisting of the linseed oil present.</p> @@ -4769,7 +4726,7 @@ to those presented by corn.</p> <p><i>Darnel.</i>—The use of darnel in the adulteration of wheaten flour may give rise to serious sanitary results. To effect its<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span> detection, the flour to be examined is digested with alcohol of -35° B.: if the flour be pure, the alcohol remains limpid: it acquires +35° B.: if the flour be pure, the alcohol remains limpid: it acquires a straw-yellow tint, due to traces of bran present, but—although a peculiar resin may be dissolved—the solution does not possess a disagreeable taste. When, on the contrary, darnel @@ -4791,7 +4748,7 @@ presence of legumens, the washings containing the starchy matter of the flour, after the particles of gluten present have been separated by passing the fluid through a silk sieve, are divided into two portions. One portion is allowed to undergo fermentation, -at a temperature of 18° to 20°: in case leguminous substances +at a temperature of 18° to 20°: in case leguminous substances are not present, lactic fermentation occurs and the odor of sour milk is alone perceptible; if, on the other hand, legumens are contained in the fluid, rancid fermentation takes @@ -5000,7 +4957,7 @@ href="#Footnote_S_19" class="fnanchor">[S]</a></span></p> <h4>FIXED OILS.</h4> <p>Olive oil designed for table use is frequently adulterated -with the oils of poppy, sesamé, cotton-seed, pea-nuts, and +with the oils of poppy, sesamé, cotton-seed, pea-nuts, and other nuts; olive oil, intended for manufacturing purposes, is often mixed with colza and nut oils.</p> @@ -5016,7 +4973,7 @@ done that the indications obtained are of value.</p> <p><i>a.</i> The density of the oil is determined by means of a hydrometer (<i>oleometer</i>) provided with a scale giving the densities -from 0.8 to 0.94, for the temperature of 15.° Pure olive +from 0.8 to 0.94, for the temperature of 15.° Pure olive oil possesses a specific gravity of 0.917; poppy oil one of 0.925; a mixture of the two, an intermediate density. Since the fixed oils are not definite chemical compounds, this test is @@ -5027,7 +4984,7 @@ acid, containing nitric peroxide in solution (or a solution of mercury in strong nitric acid), are added to the oil to be examined, as well as to a sample of pure olive oil. The two samples are then allowed to stand in a room where the temperature -does not exceed 10.° The <i>oleine</i> of the olive oil is +does not exceed 10.° The <i>oleine</i> of the olive oil is converted into solid <i>elaidine</i>, and the mixture after some time becomes sufficiently thick to remain in the vessel upon inversion. If the sample under examination is free from adulteration, @@ -5040,20 +4997,20 @@ with the same amount of strong sulphuric acid, the temperature of the two liquids being previously observed. The mixture is stirred with a thermometer, and the maximum temperature noted: pure olive oil produces an elevation of temperature -of 37.°7; pure poppy oil, an elevation of 70.°5; and a +of 37.°7; pure poppy oil, an elevation of 70.°5; and a mixture of the two an elevation of temperature intermediate -between 37.°7 and 70.°5.</p> +between 37.°7 and 70.°5.</p> <p><i>d.</i> One volume of nitric acid of sp. gr. 1.33 is agitated with 5 grammes of the oil, and notice taken of the coloration produced after the lapse of five minutes. If the olive oil is pure, it acquires a pale green color; in case it is mixed with -sesamé or nut oil, a deep-red color appears: poppy oil also +sesamé or nut oil, a deep-red color appears: poppy oil also communicates a reddish coloration, but one less deep than the preceding.</p> <p>If an acid of sp. gr. 1.22 is taken, it is still less difficult -to distinguish between sesamé, nut and poppy oils; the latter +to distinguish between sesamé, nut and poppy oils; the latter assumes, in this case, a pale yellowish-red color.</p> <p>Pea-nut oil fails to exhibit a coloration; but can be @@ -5306,7 +5263,7 @@ extract will be greatly reduced.</p> <p><span class="smcap">Insoluble Leaf.</span>—The insoluble leaf obtained in the preceding operation, together with the weighed filter, is placed in an air-bath and dried for at least eight hours at a -temperature of 110° C.; its weight is then determined. In +temperature of 110° C.; its weight is then determined. In unadulterated tea the amount of insoluble leaf ranges between 47% and 54%; in exhausted tea it may reach a proportion of 75%.</p> @@ -5404,25 +5361,25 @@ precision. <i>M. Marchand</i> substitutes to its use the following tests: A test-tube is graduated in three equal divisions, the upper one being subdivided into hundredths extending above, in order to determine accurately the correct volume of the -fluid, expanded, as it is, by the temperature of 40°, at which +fluid, expanded, as it is, by the temperature of 40°, at which the examination is executed. The first division of the tube is filled with milk, a drop, or two of strong potassa lye added, and the mixture well shaken: the second portion is then filled with ether, and the third with alcohol. The mixture is next again thoroughly agitated, and then exposed to a temperature -of 40° in a water-bath. After standing for several hours, a +of 40° in a water-bath. After standing for several hours, a layer of fatty matter becomes sufficiently separated to allow of measurement: but, as it contains some ether and as a small amount of butter may still be retained in the lower aqueous fluid, a correction of the results obtained is necessary. M. Marchand has compiled a table, which facilitates this correction (<i>vide</i>: <i>Journ. de Pharm., Novembre 1854</i>, and <i>Bulletin de -l'Académie de Médecine, Paris, 1854</i>, xix., p. 1101).</p> +l'Académie de Médecine, Paris, 1854</i>, xix., p. 1101).</p> <p>Previously to the introduction of Marchand's apparatus, use was made of the <i>lactometer</i>, which consists simply of a graduated glass tube, in which the suspected milk is allowed to remain -for 24 hours, at a temperature of 15°. After the lapse of +for 24 hours, at a temperature of 15°. After the lapse of this time, the cream present completely separates as a supernatant layer, the thickness of which indicates the quality of the sample taken.</p> @@ -5505,7 +5462,7 @@ suspected milk, and adding tincture of iodine, the amylaceous substances present produce a blue coloration in the fluid.</p> <p><i>Sugar.</i>—If yeast is added, and the mixture allowed to -stand for some time at a temperature of 30°, alcoholic fermentation +stand for some time at a temperature of 30°, alcoholic fermentation ensues; under these circumstances, lactose does not undergo fermentation.</p> @@ -5611,17 +5568,17 @@ areometer (<i>alcoholmeter</i>), provided with a scale which directly indicates the proportion of alcohol contained in a mixture. As the indications furnished by this instrument vary with the temperature, and the scale is constructed on the basis of -a temperature of 15°, a correction of the results obtained +a temperature of 15°, a correction of the results obtained is necessary if the determination is made at other temperatures. Gay-Lussac has compiled a table which indicates at once the required correction; the following formula can -also be used: <i>x = c ± 0.4 t</i>, where <i>x</i> is the quantity +also be used: <i>x = c ± 0.4 t</i>, where <i>x</i> is the quantity of alcohol present in the sample; <i>c</i> the degree indicated by the alcoholmeter, and <i>t</i> the number of degrees differing -from the temperature of 15°: the second member of the +from the temperature of 15°: the second member of the formula is subtracted from, or added to the first, as the temperature at which the estimation is made is greater or less -than <span class="locked">15°.<a name="FNanchor_W_23" id="FNanchor_W_23" href="#Footnote_W_23" class="fnanchor">[W]</a></span></p> +than <span class="locked">15°.<a name="FNanchor_W_23" id="FNanchor_W_23" href="#Footnote_W_23" class="fnanchor">[W]</a></span></p> @@ -5663,13 +5620,13 @@ gas or spirit lamp.</p> <p>In order to estimate the cream of tartar, the wine is evaporated -to the consistency of an extract, alcohol of 82° B. added, +to the consistency of an extract, alcohol of 82° B. added, and the residue obtained calcined in a crucible. The amount of salt present in the fused mass is then determined by the alkalimetric method, as directed in all works on quantitative analysis. The carbonate obtained from 1 gr. of cream of tartar exactly saturates 9.75 cubic centimetres of a solution<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span> -containing 100 grammes of sulphuric acid of 66° B., and 1800 +containing 100 grammes of sulphuric acid of 66° B., and 1800 grammes of distilled water.</p> <p>The detection of toxical substances, often contained in @@ -5724,7 +5681,7 @@ stearic acid, and the sulphates of cinchonine and quinidine. These bodies are detected as follows:</p> <p><i>a.</i> Upon slightly warming 2 grammes of sulphate of quinine -with 120 grammes of alcohol of 21° B., the pure salt completely +with 120 grammes of alcohol of 21° B., the pure salt completely dissolves; if, however, starch, magnesia, mineral salts, or various other foreign substances are present, they are left as insoluble residues.</p> @@ -5825,7 +5782,7 @@ of small characteristic crystals, termed <i>haemin</i> crystals, and in the use of the spectroscope. Crystals of haemin (first discovered by <i>Teichman</i>) are formed when dry blood is dissolved in concentrated acetic acid, and the solution evaporated -to dryness: they are of a brownish-red color. <i>Brücke</i> first +to dryness: they are of a brownish-red color. <i>Brücke</i> first suggested an analytical method, based upon this property of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span> blood, which is equally characteristic and sensitive: It is only necessary to dissolve a minute portion of the matter to be examined @@ -5846,7 +5803,7 @@ from old blood are represented in Fig. 22.</p> color.</p> <p>The various methods now employed to produce haemin -crystals were proposed by <i>Hoppe-Seyler</i>, by <i>Brücke</i> and by <i>Erdman</i>. +crystals were proposed by <i>Hoppe-Seyler</i>, by <i>Brücke</i> and by <i>Erdman</i>. Whichever process is used, the suspected stains are at first carefully separated from the material upon which they are deposited. If they are present on linen, or other fabrics, the @@ -5880,12 +5837,12 @@ rendered insoluble; in this case, cold water will fail to dissolve anything, and the residue will not produce crystals when treated with acetic acid.</p> -<p>In order to remedy this difficulty Brücke operates directly +<p>In order to remedy this difficulty Brücke operates directly upon the stained woven or ligneous fibre, or the matter removed from the stone or iron: The materials are boiled in a test-tube with glacial acetic acid, the fluid decanted or filtered, a trace of common salt added, and the liquid then evaporated -on a watch-glass at a temperature between 40 and 80°. +on a watch-glass at a temperature between 40 and 80°. If the stains really originated from blood, haemin crystals will now be easily perceptible upon examining the residue obtained under the microscope.</p> @@ -6032,7 +5989,7 @@ stained fabric is a substance that would produce this odor, <p><i>j.</i> If the fluid obtained by treating the stains either with water or alkali is evaporated with a little carbonate of potassa, -and the residue heated, at first at 100°, then to redness, in a +and the residue heated, at first at 100°, then to redness, in a glass tube to which a fresh quantity of carbonate of potassa has been added, cyanide of potassium is formed. When cold, the tube is cut above the part containing the fused mixture,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span> @@ -6105,7 +6062,7 @@ in which chlorine, alcohol, bichloride of mercury, acetate and subacetate of lead produce a white precipitate, but which fails to be coagulated by heating. Plumbate of potassa does not impart a fawn-color to these stains, at a temperature above -20°, as is the case with those produced by albuminous substances.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span></p> +20°, as is the case with those produced by albuminous substances.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span></p> <p>Persulphate of iron imparts to spermatic stains a pale yellow color,</p> @@ -6273,80 +6230,80 @@ further information on the subjects treated in this work.—<i>Trans.</i></p <li><b>Accum</b>; A treatise on adulteration of food, and culinary poisons. <span class="flr">London, 1822.</span></li> <li><b>Adrien</b>; Recherches sur le lait au point de vue de sa composition, de son analyse, de ses falsifications et surtout de l'approvisionnement de Paris. <span class="flr">Paris, 1859.</span></li> <li><b>Angell and Hehner</b>; Butter; its analysis and adulterations. <span class="flr">London, 1874.</span></li> -<li><b>Anglada</b>; Traité de toxicologie. <span class="flr">Paris, 1835.</span></li> +<li><b>Anglada</b>; Traité de toxicologie. <span class="flr">Paris, 1835.</span></li> <li><b>Atcherly</b>; Adulteration of food. <span class="flr">London, 1874.</span></li> <li><b>Bandein</b>; Die Gifte und ihre Gegengifte. <span class="flr">Basel, 1869.</span></li> <li><b>Beck</b>; Elements of medical jurisprudence. <span class="flr">Albany, 1851.</span></li> <li><b>Bellini</b>; Lezionis perementali di Tossicologia. <span class="flr">Firenze, 1865.</span></li> <li><b>Bergman</b>; Zur Kentniss der putriden Gifte. <span class="flr">Dorpat, 1868.</span></li> -<li><b>Bernard</b>; Leçons sur les substances toxiques. <span class="flr">Paris, 1857.</span></li> -<li><b>Billard</b>; Considerations medico-légale sur les empoisonnements par les irritants. <span class="flr">Paris, 1821.</span></li> +<li><b>Bernard</b>; Leçons sur les substances toxiques. <span class="flr">Paris, 1857.</span></li> +<li><b>Billard</b>; Considerations medico-légale sur les empoisonnements par les irritants. <span class="flr">Paris, 1821.</span></li> <li><b>Blondlot</b>; Sur la recherche de l'arsenic par la methode de Marsh. <span class="flr">Nancy, 1857.</span></li> <li><i>Ibid</i>; Sur la recherche toxicologique du phosphore par la coloration de la flamme. <span class="flr">Nancy, 1861.</span></li> <li><i>Ibid</i>; Sur le dosage de l'antimoine dans les recherches toxicologiques. <span class="flr">Nancy, 1865.</span></li> <li><b>Boettcher</b>; Ueber Blutkrystalle. <span class="flr">Dorpat, 1862.</span></li> -<li><b>Bonsels</b>; Ein Beitrag zur Analyse des Arsens, vorzugsweise in gerichtlichen Fällen. <span class="flr">Kiel, 1874.</span></li> +<li><b>Bonsels</b>; Ein Beitrag zur Analyse des Arsens, vorzugsweise in gerichtlichen Fällen. <span class="flr">Kiel, 1874.</span></li> <li><b>Borie</b>; Catechisme toxicologique. <span class="flr">Tuelle, 1841.</span></li> <li><b>Bouchardt et Quevenne</b>; Du lait. <span class="flr">Paris, 1857.</span></li> <li><b>Bowman and Bloxam</b>; Medical chemistry. <span class="flr">London, 1874.</span></li> -<li><b>Briand et Chaudé</b>; Manuel complet de médicine légale; contenant un manuel de chimie légale. <span class="flr">Paris, 1873.</span></li> -<li><b>Buchner</b>; Toxikologie. <span class="flr">Nüremburg, 1859.</span></li> +<li><b>Briand et Chaudé</b>; Manuel complet de médicine légale; contenant un manuel de chimie légale. <span class="flr">Paris, 1873.</span></li> +<li><b>Buchner</b>; Toxikologie. <span class="flr">Nüremburg, 1859.</span></li> <li><b>Bureaux</b>; Histoire des falsifications des substances alimentaires. <span class="flr">Paris, 1855.</span></li> <li><b>Chapman</b>; Manual of Toxicology. <span class="flr">London, 1853.</span></li> <li><b>Chatin</b>; Recherches experimentals et considerations sur quelques princips de la toxicologie. <span class="flr">Paris, 1844.</span></li> <li><b>Chiaje</b>; Tossicologia. <span class="flr">Napoli, 1835.</span></li> -<li><b>Chaussier</b>; Médicine légale. <span class="flr">Paris, 1858.</span></li> -<li><b>Chevalier</b>; Dictionaire des alterations et falsifications des substances alimentaires, médicamenteuses et commerciales, avec l'indication des moyens de les reconnaitre. <span class="flr">Paris, 1856.</span></li> -<li><i>Ibid</i>; Essais practiques sur l'examen chimique des vins, considéré sous la rapport judiciaire. <span class="flr">Paris, 1857.</span></li> +<li><b>Chaussier</b>; Médicine légale. <span class="flr">Paris, 1858.</span></li> +<li><b>Chevalier</b>; Dictionaire des alterations et falsifications des substances alimentaires, médicamenteuses et commerciales, avec l'indication des moyens de les reconnaitre. <span class="flr">Paris, 1856.</span></li> +<li><i>Ibid</i>; Essais practiques sur l'examen chimique des vins, considéré sous la rapport judiciaire. <span class="flr">Paris, 1857.</span></li> <li><b>Christison</b>; A treatise on poisons. <span class="flr">Edinburg, 1836.</span></li> <li><b>Collier</b>; Paradoxology of poisoning. <span class="flr">London, 1856.</span></li> <li><b>Cooper</b>; Tracts on medical jurisprudence. <span class="flr">Phila., 1819.</span></li> <li><b>Cormenin</b>; Memoire sur l'empoisonnement par l'arsenic. <span class="flr">Paris, 1842.</span></li> <li><b>Cotter</b>; Adulteration of liquors. <span class="flr">N. Y., 1874.</span></li> -<li><b>Cottereau</b>; Des alterations et des falsifications du vin, et des moyens physiques et chimiques employés pour les reconnaitre. <span class="flr">Paris, 1851.</span></li> +<li><b>Cottereau</b>; Des alterations et des falsifications du vin, et des moyens physiques et chimiques employés pour les reconnaitre. <span class="flr">Paris, 1851.</span></li> <li><b>Cox</b>; Poisons; their effects, tests and antidotes. <span class="flr">London, 1852.</span></li> <li><b>Culbrush</b>; Lectures on the adulteration of food, and culinary poisons. <span class="flr">Newburg, 1823.</span></li> <li><b>Dalton</b>; Adulteration of food. <span class="flr">London, 1857.</span></li> -<li><b>Divergie</b>; Médicine légale. <span class="flr">Paris, 1852.</span></li> -<li><b>Dragendorff</b>; Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Chemie einzelner organischen Gifte. <span class="flr">St. Petersburg, 1872.</span></li> +<li><b>Divergie</b>; Médicine légale. <span class="flr">Paris, 1852.</span></li> +<li><b>Dragendorff</b>; Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Chemie einzelner organischen Gifte. <span class="flr">St. Petersburg, 1872.</span></li> <li><i>Ibid</i>; Untersuchungen aus dem pharmaceutischen Institut in <span class="flr">Dorpat. St. Petersburg, 1872.</span></li> <li><i>Ibid</i>; Manuel de toxicologie; traduit par E. Ritter. <span class="flr">Paris, 1873.</span></li> <li><b>Druitt</b>; On wines. <span class="flr">London, 1866.</span></li> -<li><b>Duflos</b>; Die wichtigsten Lebenbedürfnisse, ihre Aechtheit und Güte; Verunreinigungen, Verfälschungen, etc. <span class="flr">Breslau, 1846.</span></li> -<li><i>Ibid</i>; Die Prüfung chemischer Gifte. <span class="flr">Breslau, 1871.</span></li> +<li><b>Duflos</b>; Die wichtigsten Lebenbedürfnisse, ihre Aechtheit und Güte; Verunreinigungen, Verfälschungen, etc. <span class="flr">Breslau, 1846.</span></li> +<li><i>Ibid</i>; Die Prüfung chemischer Gifte. <span class="flr">Breslau, 1871.</span></li> <li><i>Ibid</i>; Handbuch der angewandten gerichtlich-chemischen Analyse der chemischen Gifte; ihre Erkennung in reinem Zustand und in Gemischen betreffend. <span class="flr">Leipzig, 1873.</span></li> <li><b>Duflos u. Hirsch</b>; Das Arsen; seine Erscheinung, u. s. w. <span class="flr">Breslau, 1842.</span></li> -<li><b>Dupasquier</b>; Consultation medico-légale relative à une accusation d'empoisonnement par le plomb. <span class="flr">Lyon, 1843.</span></li> +<li><b>Dupasquier</b>; Consultation medico-légale relative à une accusation d'empoisonnement par le plomb. <span class="flr">Lyon, 1843.</span></li> <li><b>Erhard</b>; Die giftigen pflanzenalkaloiden und deren Ausmittelung auf mikroskopischem Wege. <span class="flr">Passau, 1867.</span></li> -<li><b>Eulenberg</b>; Die Lehre von den schädlichen und giftigen Gasen. <span class="flr">Braunschweig, 1849.</span></li> -<li><b>Flandin</b>; Traité des poisons. <span class="flr">Paris, 1852.</span></li> +<li><b>Eulenberg</b>; Die Lehre von den schädlichen und giftigen Gasen. <span class="flr">Braunschweig, 1849.</span></li> +<li><b>Flandin</b>; Traité des poisons. <span class="flr">Paris, 1852.</span></li> <li><b>Flandin et Danger</b>; De l'arsenic. <span class="flr">Paris, 1853.</span></li> <li><b>Fop</b>; Adulteration of food. <span class="flr">London, 1855.</span></li> <li><b>Fraise</b>; Alimentation publique; le lait, ses falsifications, etc. <span class="flr">Nancy, 1864.</span></li> <li><b>Frank</b>; Manuel de toxicologie; traduit de l'allemand par Vrankan. <span class="flr">Anvers, 1803.</span></li> <li><b>Fresenius</b>; Auffindung unorganischen Gifte in Speisen, u. s. w. <span class="flr">Braunschweig, 1856.</span></li> -<li><b>Friedrich</b>; Die Verfälschung der Speisen und Getränke. <span class="flr">Münster, 1859.</span></li> -<li><b>Galtier</b>; Traité de toxicologie. <span class="flr">Paris, 1855.</span></li> +<li><b>Friedrich</b>; Die Verfälschung der Speisen und Getränke. <span class="flr">Münster, 1859.</span></li> +<li><b>Galtier</b>; Traité de toxicologie. <span class="flr">Paris, 1855.</span></li> <li><b>Galtier de Claubry</b>; De la recherche des alcalis organiques dans les cas d'empoisonnement. <span class="flr">Paris, 1862.</span></li> <li><b>Ganeau</b>; Alterations et falsifications des farines. <span class="flr">Lille, 1856.</span></li> <li><b>Garnier</b>; Des falsification des substances alimentaires et des moyens de les reconnaitre. <span class="flr">Paris, 1844.</span></li> -<li><b>Gerhardt</b>; Précis d'analyse pour la recherche des alterations et falsifications des produits chimiques et pharmaceutiques. <span class="flr">Paris, 1860.</span></li> -<li><b>Garland</b>; Précis d'analyse chemique qualitative. <span class="flr">Paris, 1855.</span></li> +<li><b>Gerhardt</b>; Précis d'analyse pour la recherche des alterations et falsifications des produits chimiques et pharmaceutiques. <span class="flr">Paris, 1860.</span></li> +<li><b>Garland</b>; Précis d'analyse chemique qualitative. <span class="flr">Paris, 1855.</span></li> <li><b>Gmelin</b>; Allgemeine Geschichte der thierischen und mineralischen Gifte. <span class="flr">Erfurt, 1806.</span></li> <li><b>Gorup-Besanez</b>; Anleitung zur qualitativen und quantitativen zoochemischen Analyse. <span class="flr">Braunschweig, 1871.</span></li> -<li><b>Gosse</b>; Des taches, au point de vue medico-légale. <span class="flr">Paris, 1862.</span></li> +<li><b>Gosse</b>; Des taches, au point de vue medico-légale. <span class="flr">Paris, 1862.</span></li> <li><b>Griffin</b>; The chemical testing of wines and spirits. <span class="flr">London, 1872.</span></li> <li><b>Griffith and Taylor</b>; A practical manual of the general, chemical, and microscopical character of the blood, etc. <span class="flr">London, 1843.</span></li> <li><b>Guerin</b>; Nouvelle toxicologie. <span class="flr">Paris, 1826.</span></li> <li><b>Guy</b>; Principles of forensic medicine. <span class="flr">London, 1843.</span></li> -<li><b>Gwosden</b>; Ueber die Darstellung des Hämin aus dem Blut und den qualitativen Nachweis minimaler Blutmengen. <span class="flr">Wien, 1866.</span></li> +<li><b>Gwosden</b>; Ueber die Darstellung des Hämin aus dem Blut und den qualitativen Nachweis minimaler Blutmengen. <span class="flr">Wien, 1866.</span></li> <li><b>Hager</b>; Untersuchungen. <span class="flr">Leipzig, 1873.</span></li> -<li><b>Hartung-Schwarzkoff</b>; Chemie der organischen Alkalien. <span class="flr">München, 1855.</span></li> +<li><b>Hartung-Schwarzkoff</b>; Chemie der organischen Alkalien. <span class="flr">München, 1855.</span></li> <li><b>Hassall</b>; Adulteration of food. <span class="flr">London, 1855.</span></li> <li><b>Van Hassett</b>; Handbuch der Giftlehre. <span class="flr">Braunschweig, 1862.</span></li> <li><b>Helwig</b>; Das mikroskop in der Toxikologie. <span class="flr">Mainz, 1864.</span></li> <li><b>Herman</b>; Lehrbuch der experimentellen Toxikologie. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1875.</span></li> -<li><b>Hitzig</b>; Studien über Bleivergiftung. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1870.</span></li> +<li><b>Hitzig</b>; Studien über Bleivergiftung. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1870.</span></li> <li><b>Hoffman</b>; Manual of chemical analysis. <span class="flr">N. Y., 1873.</span></li> <li><b>Hoppe-Seyler</b>; Handbuch der physiologisch und pathologisch chemischen Analyse. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1870.</span></li> <li><i>Ibid</i>; Medicinisch-chemische Untersuchungen. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1871.</span></li> @@ -6355,42 +6312,42 @@ further information on the subjects treated in this work.—<i>Trans.</i></p <li><b>Huseman</b>; Handbuch der Toxikologie. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1870.</span></li> <li><b>Jaillard</b>; De la toxicologie du bichromate de potasse. <span class="flr">Strasbourg, 1861.</span></li> <li><b>Jones (H. Bence)</b>; Chemistry of wines. <span class="flr">London, 1874.</span></li> -<li><b>Klincke</b>; Die Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel, Getränke, etc. <span class="flr">Leipzig, 1858.</span></li> +<li><b>Klincke</b>; Die Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel, Getränke, etc. <span class="flr">Leipzig, 1858.</span></li> <li><b>v. Kupffer</b>; Handbuch der Alkoholometrie. <span class="flr">Wien, 1866.</span></li> -<li><b>de Lapparent</b>; Les moyens de constater la pureté des principales huiles fixes. <span class="flr">Cherbourg, 1855.</span></li> +<li><b>de Lapparent</b>; Les moyens de constater la pureté des principales huiles fixes. <span class="flr">Cherbourg, 1855.</span></li> <li><b>Lefort</b>; Etudes chimiques et toxicologiques sur la morphine. <span class="flr">Paris, 1861.</span></li> -<li><b>Legrand</b>; Traité de médicine légale et de jurisprudence médical. <span class="flr">Paris, 1873.</span></li> +<li><b>Legrand</b>; Traité de médicine légale et de jurisprudence médical. <span class="flr">Paris, 1873.</span></li> <li><b>Letheby</b>; On food. <span class="flr">N. Y., 1872.</span></li> <li><b>Lerwin</b>; Toxikologischen Tabellen. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1856.</span></li> <li><b>Liebreich</b>; Outlines of Toxicology. <span class="flr">London, 1875.</span></li> -<li><b>Lindes</b>; Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Chemie. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1852.</span></li> -<li><b>Lunel</b>; Guide pratique pour reconnaïtre les falsifications et alterations des substances alimentaires. <span class="flr">Paris, 1874.</span></li> -<li><b>Malle</b>; Essai d'analyse toxique génerale. <span class="flr">Strasbourg, 1838.</span></li> +<li><b>Lindes</b>; Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Chemie. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1852.</span></li> +<li><b>Lunel</b>; Guide pratique pour reconnaïtre les falsifications et alterations des substances alimentaires. <span class="flr">Paris, 1874.</span></li> +<li><b>Malle</b>; Essai d'analyse toxique génerale. <span class="flr">Strasbourg, 1838.</span></li> <li><b>Marset</b>; Composition, adulteration, and analysis of food. <span class="flr">London, 1856.</span></li> <li><b>Marshall</b>; Remarks on arsenic. <span class="flr">London, 1817.</span></li> -<li><b>Marx</b>; Geschichtlich Darstellung der Giftlehre. <span class="flr">Göttingen, 1829.</span></li> +<li><b>Marx</b>; Geschichtlich Darstellung der Giftlehre. <span class="flr">Göttingen, 1829.</span></li> <li><b>Mata</b>; Tratado de medicina y cirugia legal. <span class="flr">Paris, 1874.</span></li> <li><b>Mayercon and Bergeret</b>; Recherches sur la passage de l'arsenic et de l'antimoine dans les tissus et les humeurs. <span class="flr">Paris, 1874.</span></li> -<li><b>Meissner</b>; Aräometrie in ihrer Anwendung auf Chemie und Technik. <span class="flr">Wien, 1816.</span></li> +<li><b>Meissner</b>; Aräometrie in ihrer Anwendung auf Chemie und Technik. <span class="flr">Wien, 1816.</span></li> <li><b>Mitchell</b>; Falsification of food. <span class="flr">London, 1848.</span></li> <li><b>Mohr</b>; Chemische Toxikologie. <span class="flr">Braunschweig, 1874.</span></li> <li><b>Monier</b>; Memoires sur l'analyse de la lait et des farines. <span class="flr">Paris, 1858.</span></li> <li><b>Montgarney</b>; Essai de toxicologie. <span class="flr">Paris, 1818.</span></li> -<li><b>Muller</b>; Anleitung zur Prüfung der Kuhmilch. <span class="flr">Bern, 1858.</span></li> -<li><b>Münk und Leyden</b>; Phosphorvergiftung. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1865.</span></li> +<li><b>Muller</b>; Anleitung zur Prüfung der Kuhmilch. <span class="flr">Bern, 1858.</span></li> +<li><b>Münk und Leyden</b>; Phosphorvergiftung. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1865.</span></li> <li><b>Neubauer</b>; Chemie des Weines.<span class="flr"> Wiesbaden, 1874.</span></li> <li><b>Neuman</b>; Die Erkennung des Bluts bei gerichtlichen Untersuchungen.<span class="flr"> Leipzig, 1869.</span></li> <li><b>Normandy</b>; The commercial hand-book of chemical analysis. <span class="flr">London, 1875.</span></li> <li><b>Odling</b>; A course of practical chemistry. <span class="flr">London, 1872.</span></li> -<li><b>Oesterlen</b>; Das menschliche Haar und seine gerichtärtliche Bedeutung. <span class="flr">Tübingen, 1875.</span></li> +<li><b>Oesterlen</b>; Das menschliche Haar und seine gerichtärtliche Bedeutung. <span class="flr">Tübingen, 1875.</span></li> <li><b>Orfila</b>; Rapport sur les moyens de constater la presence de l'arsenic dans les empoisonnements par ce toxique. <span class="flr">Paris, 1841.</span></li> -<li><i>Ibid</i>; Traité de médicine légale. <span class="flr">Paris, 1848.</span></li> -<li><i>Ibid</i>; Elements de chimie médicale. <span class="flr">Paris, 1851.</span></li> -<li><i>Ibid</i>; Traité de toxicologie. <span class="flr">Paris, 1852.</span></li> +<li><i>Ibid</i>; Traité de médicine légale. <span class="flr">Paris, 1848.</span></li> +<li><i>Ibid</i>; Elements de chimie médicale. <span class="flr">Paris, 1851.</span></li> +<li><i>Ibid</i>; Traité de toxicologie. <span class="flr">Paris, 1852.</span></li> <li><b>Otto</b>; Anleitung zur Ausmittelung der Gifte, und zur Erkennung der Blutflecken bei gerichtlich-chemischen Untersuchungen. <span class="flr">Braunschweig, 1870.</span></li> <li><b>Payen</b>; Substances alimentaires. <span class="flr">Paris, 1856.</span></li> -<li><b>Pelliken</b>; Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Medizin, Toxikologie und Pharmakodynamik. <span class="flr">Würztburg, 1858.</span></li> -<li><b>Petit Lafitte</b>; Instruction simplifiée pour la constatation des propriétées des altérations et des falsifications des principales, denrées alimentaires. <span class="flr">Bordeaux, 1858.</span></li> +<li><b>Pelliken</b>; Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Medizin, Toxikologie und Pharmakodynamik. <span class="flr">Würztburg, 1858.</span></li> +<li><b>Petit Lafitte</b>; Instruction simplifiée pour la constatation des propriétées des altérations et des falsifications des principales, denrées alimentaires. <span class="flr">Bordeaux, 1858.</span></li> <li><b>Plaff</b>; Anleitung zur vornahme gericthlicher Blutuntersuchungen. <span class="flr">Plauen, 1860.</span></li> <li><b>Pierce</b>; Examination of drugs, chemicals, etc. <span class="flr">Cambridge, 1852.</span></li> <li><b>Planta</b>; Verhaltung der wichtigsten Alkaloiden gegen Reagenten. <span class="flr">Heidelberg, 1846.</span></li> @@ -6398,22 +6355,22 @@ further information on the subjects treated in this work.—<i>Trans.</i></p <li><b>Prescott</b>; Chemical examination of alcoholic liquors. <span class="flr">N. Y., 1875.</span></li> <li><b>Preyer</b>; Die Blutkrystalle. <span class="flr">Jena, 1871.</span></li> <li><b>Reese</b>; A manuel of Toxicology. <span class="flr">Phila., 1874.</span></li> -<li><b>Reveil</b>; Introduction à un cours de toxicologie. <span class="flr">Paris, 1859.</span></li> -<li><b>Reyer</b>; Die Blausäure physiologisch untersucht. <span class="flr">Bonn, 1868.</span></li> +<li><b>Reveil</b>; Introduction à un cours de toxicologie. <span class="flr">Paris, 1859.</span></li> +<li><b>Reyer</b>; Die Blausäure physiologisch untersucht. <span class="flr">Bonn, 1868.</span></li> <li><b>Rich</b>; The analyst's annual note-book for 1874. <span class="flr">London, 1875.</span></li> -<li><b>Ritter</b>; Ueber die Ermittelung von Blut, Samen und Excrementenflecken in Kriminalfällen. <span class="flr">Würztburg, 1854.</span></li> -<li><i>Ibid</i>; Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Chemie. <span class="flr">St. Petersburg, 1872.</span></li> +<li><b>Ritter</b>; Ueber die Ermittelung von Blut, Samen und Excrementenflecken in Kriminalfällen. <span class="flr">Würztburg, 1854.</span></li> +<li><i>Ibid</i>; Beiträge zur gerichtlichen Chemie. <span class="flr">St. Petersburg, 1872.</span></li> <li><i>Ibid</i>; Manuel de chimie practique, analytique, toxicologique et zoochimique. <span class="flr">Paris, 1874.</span></li> <li><b>Robinet (fils)</b>; Manuel practique d'analyse chimique des vins. <span class="flr">Paris, 1872.</span></li> -<li><b>Rebuteau</b>; Elements de Toxicologie et de médecine légale appliquée à l'empoisonnements. <span class="flr">Paris. 1873.</span></li> +<li><b>Rebuteau</b>; Elements de Toxicologie et de médecine légale appliquée à l'empoisonnements. <span class="flr">Paris. 1873.</span></li> <li><b>Roucher</b>; Recherches toxicologiques. <span class="flr">Paris, 1852.</span></li> <li><b>Roussin</b>; Falsification des vins par l'alun. <span class="flr">Paris, 1861.</span></li> <li><b>Ryan</b>; Medical Jurisprudence. <span class="flr">London, 1836.</span></li> <li><b>Schmidt</b>; Ein Beitrag zur Kentniss der milch. <span class="flr">Dorpat 1874.</span></li> -<li><b>Schmidt</b>; Diagnostik verdächtlicher Flecken. <span class="flr">Leipzig, 1848.</span></li> +<li><b>Schmidt</b>; Diagnostik verdächtlicher Flecken. <span class="flr">Leipzig, 1848.</span></li> <li><b>Schneider</b>; Die gerichtliche Chemie. <span class="flr">Wien, 1852.</span></li> -<li><b>Schroff</b>; Toxikologische Versuche über Arsen. <span class="flr">Wien, 1858.</span></li> -<li><i>Ibid</i>; Beiträge zur Kentniss des Aconite.</li> +<li><b>Schroff</b>; Toxikologische Versuche über Arsen. <span class="flr">Wien, 1858.</span></li> +<li><i>Ibid</i>; Beiträge zur Kentniss des Aconite.</li> <li><b>Simon</b>; Die Frauenmilch. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1838.</span></li> <li><b>Sonnenkalb</b>; L'Aniline et ses couleurs, au point de vue toxicologique. <span class="flr">Leipzig, 1864.</span></li> <li><b>Sonnenschein</b>; Ueber ein neues Reagent auf Alkaloiden. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1857.</span></li> @@ -6423,33 +6380,33 @@ further information on the subjects treated in this work.—<i>Trans.</i></p <li><b>Spratt</b>; Toxicology. <span class="flr">London, 1843.</span></li> <li><b>Stowe</b>; A toxicological chart. <span class="flr">London, 1872.</span></li> <li><b>Tanner</b>; Memoranda on Poisons. <span class="flr">London, 1872.</span></li> -<li><b>Tardieu</b>; Etude medico-légale sur l'empoisonnement. <span class="flr">Paris, 1866.</span></li> +<li><b>Tardieu</b>; Etude medico-légale sur l'empoisonnement. <span class="flr">Paris, 1866.</span></li> <li><b>Tardieu, Lorain et Roussin</b>; Empoisonnement par la strychnine, l'arsenic, et les sels de cuivre. <span class="flr">Paris, 1865.</span></li> -<li><b>Tatra</b>; Traité d'empoisonnement par l'acide nitrique. <span class="flr">Paris, 1802.</span></li> +<li><b>Tatra</b>; Traité d'empoisonnement par l'acide nitrique. <span class="flr">Paris, 1802.</span></li> <li><b>Taylor</b>; Poisoning by strychnine. <span class="flr">London, 1856.</span></li> <li><i>Ibid</i>; On poisons, in relation to medical jurisprudence and medicine. <span class="flr">London, 1859.</span></li> <li><i>Ibid</i>; A manual of medical jurisprudence. <span class="flr">Phila., 1873.</span></li> <li><i>Ibid</i>; The principles and practice of medical jurisprudence. <span class="flr">Phila., 1873.</span></li> <li><b>Thompson</b>; Medical jurisprudence. <span class="flr">London, 1831.</span></li> <li><b>Traill</b>; Medical jurisprudence.<span class="flr"> Phila., 1841.</span></li> -<li><b>Trommer</b>; Die Kuhmilch in Berzug auf ihre Verdünnung und Verfälschung. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1859.</span></li> -<li><b>Valser</b>; Etude sur la recherche, les caractères distinctifs, et la dosage des alcaloïdes organiques naturels. <span class="flr">Paris, 1862.</span></li> -<li><b>Vernois</b>; Du lait chez la femme dans l'etât de santé et dans l'etât de maladie. <span class="flr">Paris, 1858.</span></li> +<li><b>Trommer</b>; Die Kuhmilch in Berzug auf ihre Verdünnung und Verfälschung. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1859.</span></li> +<li><b>Valser</b>; Etude sur la recherche, les caractères distinctifs, et la dosage des alcaloïdes organiques naturels. <span class="flr">Paris, 1862.</span></li> +<li><b>Vernois</b>; Du lait chez la femme dans l'etât de santé et dans l'etât de maladie. <span class="flr">Paris, 1858.</span></li> <li><b>Vogel</b>; Eine neue Milchprobe. <span class="flr">Stuttgart, 1860.</span></li> -<li><b>Walchner</b>; Die Nahrungsmittel des menchens, ihre Verfälschungen und Verunreinigungen. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1875.</span></li> +<li><b>Walchner</b>; Die Nahrungsmittel des menchens, ihre Verfälschungen und Verunreinigungen. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1875.</span></li> <li><b>Walther</b>; Ueber Erkennung des Arsens bei Arsenvergiftung.<span class="flr"> Bayreuth, 1854.</span></li> <li><b>Wanklyn</b>; Milk Analysis. <span class="flr">London, 1874.</span></li> -<li><b>Wenke</b>; Das Bier und seine Verfälschung. <span class="flr">Weimar, 1861.</span></li> +<li><b>Wenke</b>; Das Bier und seine Verfälschung. <span class="flr">Weimar, 1861.</span></li> <li><b>Werber</b>; Lehrbuch der praktischen Toxikologie. <span class="flr">Erlangen, 1870.</span></li> <li><b>Wharton and Stille</b>; Medical Jurisprudence. <span class="flr">Phila., 1855.</span></li> <li><b>Wickler</b>; Toxikologische Briefe.<span class="flr"> Weimar, 1852.</span></li> <li><b>Wirthgen</b>; Die verschiedenen Methoden zur ermittelung von Blutflecken in forensischen Fallen. <span class="flr">Erlangen, 1861.</span></li> <li><b>Witting</b>; Uebersicht der wichtigsten Erfahrungen in der Toxikologie. <span class="flr">Hannover, 1827.</span></li> -<li><b>Wöhler und Liebold</b>; Das forensisch-gerichtlichen Verfahren bei einer Arsenvergiftung. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1847.</span></li> +<li><b>Wöhler und Liebold</b>; Das forensisch-gerichtlichen Verfahren bei einer Arsenvergiftung. <span class="flr">Berlin, 1847.</span></li> <li><b>Wood</b>; Therapeutics, materia medica and Toxicology. <span class="flr">Phila., 1874.</span></li> <li><b>Wormely</b>; The micro-chemistry of Poisons. <span class="flr">N. Y., 1867.</span></li> -<li><b>Wurtz</b>; Chimie médicale. <span class="flr">Paris, 1868.</span></li> -<li><b>Zalewsky</b>; Untersuchung über das Conin. <span class="flr">Dorpat, 1869.</span></li> +<li><b>Wurtz</b>; Chimie médicale. <span class="flr">Paris, 1868.</span></li> +<li><b>Zalewsky</b>; Untersuchung über das Conin. <span class="flr">Dorpat, 1869.</span></li> </ul> @@ -6471,7 +6428,7 @@ xviii, 370.</li> <li><b>Elliot and Storer</b>; Am. Jour. Pharm., Sept., 1860</li> <li><b>Joubert</b>; Compt. Rend., No. 26.</li> <li><b>Moitessier</b>; Annal d'Hygiene, 1868.</li> -<li><b>Orfila</b>; Mem. de l'acad. roy. de méd. viii. 493.</li> +<li><b>Orfila</b>; Mem. de l'acad. roy. de méd. viii. 493.</li> <li><b>Otto</b>; Ann. chem. Pharm. c., 39.</li> <li><b>Pellissie</b>; Jour. de Pharm. et de chim., Jan., 1874.</li> <li><b>Reveil</b>; Compt. Rend. lx, 433.</li> @@ -6532,7 +6489,7 @@ anal. Chem. vi, 196; ibid ii, 19; ibid i. 483; Qual. Chem. Anal. p. 346.</li> <li><b>Lois</b>; Oest. Zeitsch. f. prakt. Heilkunde, xlix, 1859.</li> <li><b>Mayer</b>; Pharm. Zeitsch. Russ. 2 Jahrgang.</li> <li><b>Meyer</b>; Ann. Chem. u. Pharm., lxvi.</li> -<li><b>Montmeja</b>; La France Méd., Jan. 8, 1873.</li> +<li><b>Montmeja</b>; La France Méd., Jan. 8, 1873.</li> <li><b>Odling</b>; Guys. Hosp. Rep. [3] v. 367; Zeitsch. f. anal. Chem. ii. 388.</li> <li><b>Pearson</b>; Sill, Am. J. [2] xlviii, 190.</li> <li><b>Puller</b>; Zeitsch. f. anal. Chem. x, 52.</li> @@ -6548,13 +6505,13 @@ anal. Chem. vi, 196; ibid ii, 19; ibid i. 483; Qual. Chem. Anal. p. 346.</li> <li><b>Taylor</b>; Guys. Hosp. Rep. ii, 83; ibid. vi; Pharm. Zeitsch. f. Russl. 10, Jahrg. 129.</li> <li><b>Ugers</b>; Ann. Chem. Pharm. clix, 127.</li> <li><b>Ures</b>; Dict. Arts, etc., new edit, i, 189.</li> -<li><b>Vitry</b>; Annal d'hygiène publ. xxxvi, 14.</li> +<li><b>Vitry</b>; Annal d'hygiène publ. xxxvi, 14.</li> <li><b>Wackenroder</b>; Arch. f. Pharm. lxx, 14.</li> <li><b>Watt's</b> Chem. Dict. i, 365; Supp. 215.</li> <li><b>Werther</b>; J. pr. Chem. lxxxii, 235; Jahresb. 1861, 851.</li> <li><b>Wiggers</b>; Canstatt's Jahresb. der Pharm. 1864.</li> <li><b>Wittstein</b>; Zeitsch. f. anal. Chem. ii, 19.</li> -<li><b>Wohler</b>; Ann. der Chem. u. Pharm. lxix, 364; Mineral Analyse, Göttingen, 1861, 213.</li> +<li><b>Wohler</b>; Ann. der Chem. u. Pharm. lxix, 364; Mineral Analyse, Göttingen, 1861, 213.</li> <li><b>Wood and Doremus</b>; N. Y. Med. Press, 1859, 543.</li> <li><b>Zenger</b>; Zeitsch. f. Ch. Pharm. 1862, 38; Jahresb. 1862, 595.</li> @@ -6589,7 +6546,7 @@ No. 1; Jour. de Pharm. et de Chim., Aug., 1873.</li> <h4>On the detection of Phosphorus.</h4> <ul class="app"> <li><b>Barrett</b>; Phil. Mag. [4] xxx, 321.</li> -<li><b>Blondlot</b>; Jour. de. Phy. et de Chim. 3 é serie xl, p. 25.</li> +<li><b>Blondlot</b>; Jour. de. Phy. et de Chim. 3 é serie xl, p. 25.</li> <li><b>Bostelaer</b>; Jour. de Pharm. et de Chim., May, 1873.</li> <li><b>Christoffle and Beilstein</b>; Ann. de Chim. v, iii, p. 80.</li> <li><b>Dalmon</b>; Zeitsch. f. anal. Chem. 1871, 132.</li> @@ -6602,7 +6559,7 @@ xliii, <li><b>Hoffman</b>; Jahresb. 1859, 663.</li> <li><b>Klewer</b>; Pharm. Zeitsch. f. Russl., 386.</li> <li><b>Kohler</b>; Poly. centralh., 1871, 263.</li> -<li><b>Lapeyrere</b>; La France méd., Jan. 4, 1873.</li> +<li><b>Lapeyrere</b>; La France méd., Jan. 4, 1873.</li> <li><b>Lefort</b>; Jour. de Pharm. et de Chim., Aug., 1874.</li> <li><b>Lispowitz</b>; Ann. f. Phys. u. Pharm. cviii, 625.</li> <li><b>Mistcherlich</b>; Jour. f. prakt. Chem. lxvi, 238.</li> @@ -6610,7 +6567,7 @@ xliii, Chem. ii, 3.</li> <li><b>Otto</b>; Zeitsch. f. Chem. [2] ii, 733.</li> <li><b>Pribram</b>; Zeitsch. f. anal. Chem. 1871, 109.</li> -<li><b>Ritter</b>; Thése de doctorat es sciences, Paris, 1872.</li> +<li><b>Ritter</b>; Thése de doctorat es sciences, Paris, 1872.</li> <li><b>Scherer</b>; Ann. Ch. Pharm. cxii, 214.</li> <li><b>Schieffendecker</b>; Zeitsch. f. anal. Chem. 1872, iii.</li> <li><b>Schom</b>; Zeitsch. f. anal. Chem. [2] v, 664.</li> @@ -6645,7 +6602,7 @@ Juin, 1874, 538.</li> Nov., 1873.</li> <li><b>Bonnemains</b>; Compt. Rend. xxxvi, 150.</li> -<li><b>Bouchardt</b>; Ann. de Phys. et de Chim., 3e série. t. ix.</li> +<li><b>Bouchardt</b>; Ann. de Phys. et de Chim., 3e série. t. ix.</li> <li><b>Brunner</b>; Archiv der Pharm., April, 1873.</li> <li><b>Buignet</b>; Jour. de Pharm. et de Chim. t. xx, 252.</li> <li><b>Deane and Brady</b>; Chem. Soc. J. [2] iii, 34.</li> @@ -6674,7 +6631,7 @@ Trans. xi, <li><b>Kuhne</b>; Ann. Chem. Pharm. vol. civ.</li> <li><b>Lefort</b>; Zeitsch. f. anal. Chem. i, 134.</li> <li><b>Lehrman</b>; Archiv der Pharm. 2 Bd. lxxvi, 144.</li> -<li><b>Liebig</b>, Poggendorff u. Wohler; Handwörterb. d. Chem. 2 +<li><b>Liebig</b>, Poggendorff u. Wohler; Handwörterb. d. Chem. 2 Aus. i, 464.</li> @@ -6691,7 +6648,7 @@ d. Wiener Akad. d. Wissensch., 1872.</li> <li><b>Otto</b>; Ann. Ch. Pharm. c, 39.</li> -<li><b>Orfila</b>; Jour. de. Chim. et Méd. [4] t. vii, 397.</li> +<li><b>Orfila</b>; Jour. de. Chim. et Méd. [4] t. vii, 397.</li> <li><b>Palm</b>; Pharm. Zeitsch. f. Russl. i, Jahxgang.</li> <li><b>Pierce</b>; J. Chem. Soc., Nov. 1874.</li> <li><b>Prollius</b>; Chem. Centralbl., 1857, 231.</li> @@ -6710,7 +6667,7 @@ Chem. lxxx, 211.</li> <li><b>Schulze</b>; Ann. Ch. Pharm. cxix, 177.</li> <li><b>Schwanert</b>; Deut. Chem. Gess. Ber., No. 14, 1874.</li> <li><b>Sonnenschein</b>; ibid, civ, 45.</li> -<li><b>Stas</b>; Bull. de l'Acad. Roy. de Méd. de Belgique, xi, 304 +<li><b>Stas</b>; Bull. de l'Acad. Roy. de Méd. de Belgique, xi, 304 (1851); Ann. Ch. Pharm., lxxxiv, 379, J. Pharm. Chim., xxii, 281; Jahresb., 1851, 640; Jour. f. prakt. Chem., lix, 232.</li> @@ -6770,7 +6727,7 @@ clxxvi.</li> Chem., 1872, 440.</li> <li><b>Eboli</b>; Archiv der Pharm., cxxxv, 186.</li> <li><b>Erdman and Marchand</b>; Jour. f. prakt. Chem., xxxi, 374.</li> -<li><b>Gorup-Besenez</b>; Handwörterb. [2] i, 468.</li> +<li><b>Gorup-Besenez</b>; Handwörterb. [2] i, 468.</li> <li><b>Graham and Hofman</b>; Pharm. Trans., xi, 504; Chem. Gaz., 1852, 197; Ann. Ch. Pharm., lxxxiii, 39.</li> @@ -6783,7 +6740,7 @@ Chem., 1872, 440.</li> <li><b>Marchand</b>; Chem. Gaz., June 15, 1844.</li> <li><b>Mayer</b>; J. Pharm. [3] xlvi.</li> <li><b>Reese</b>; Chem. News. 1862, 316.</li> -<li><b>Rousseau</b>; J. Chim. Méd. xx, 415.</li> +<li><b>Rousseau</b>; J. Chim. Méd. xx, 415.</li> <li><b>Sonnenschein</b>; Jahresb. 1870, 1032; Ber. d. Deutsch. Chem. Gess. @@ -6827,7 +6784,7 @@ xxv, 230.</li> <li><b>Moitessier</b>; Annal. d'Hygiene, 1868.</li> <li><b>Odling</b>; J. Soc. Arts, April 9, 1858.</li> <li><b>Oser</b>; Ding. poly. Jour., clxxxiii, 256.</li> -<li><b>Rivot</b>; Ann. de Phys. et de Chim., 3e série t, xlvii.</li> +<li><b>Rivot</b>; Ann. de Phys. et de Chim., 3e série t, xlvii.</li> <li><b>Rummel</b>; Ding. poly. Jour., cxxxix, 49.</li> <li><b>Tasbender</b>; Ding. poly. Jour., No. 6, ccvi.</li> <li><b>Wanklyn</b>; Archiv der Pharm., Dec., 1873; Chem. News, @@ -6884,13 +6841,13 @@ Day) ii, pp. 449, 475.</li> <li><b>Millon</b>; Compt. rend., lix, 396.</li> <li><b>Muller</b>; Zeitsch. f. anal. Chem., No. 3, 1872.</li> <li><b>Otto</b>; Ann. Chem. Pharm., cii, 47.</li> -<li><b>Pelouze and Fremy</b>; Traité de Chim. gen., [2 edit.] Paris, 1857, p. 195.</li> +<li><b>Pelouze and Fremy</b>; Traité de Chim. gen., [2 edit.] Paris, 1857, p. 195.</li> <li><b>Pribram</b>; Dings. poly. Jour., cxcvii, 448</li> <li><b>Reichelt</b>; Bayr. K. u. Gwbl., 1859, 602.</li> <li><b>Reineck</b>; Ding. poly. Jour., cci, 433.</li> <li><b>Rosenthal</b>; Chem. Centralb., 1854, 1392.</li> <li><b>Seely</b>; Sill. Am. J., vii, 293.</li> -<li><b>Vernois and Becqueret</b>; Ann. d'Hygiéne, April, 1853.</li> +<li><b>Vernois and Becqueret</b>; Ann. d'Hygiéne, April, 1853.</li> <li><b>Voelcker</b>; Am. Chem., May, 1875, p. 412.</li> <li><b>Vogel</b>; Poly. Notizbl., No. 10, 1874.</li> <li><b>Wanklyn</b>; Pharm. Viertelj., xx, 201: Milk Jour., 1, 109, @@ -6917,7 +6874,7 @@ Compt. rend. lxxviii, 1159.</li> <li><b>Duffield</b>; Am. Jour. Pharm., Mar. 1862.</li> <li><b>Dupre</b>; Chem. Soc. Jour. xx, 493.</li> -<li><b>Fantenelle</b>; J. Chim. Méd., iii, 332.</li> +<li><b>Fantenelle</b>; J. Chim. Méd., iii, 332.</li> <li><b>Faure</b>; J. Pharm., vii, 200.</li> <li><b>Fischern</b>; Ann. Chem. Pharm., lviii, 705.</li> <li><b>Fresenius</b>; ibid, lxiii, 384.</li> @@ -6925,18 +6882,18 @@ rend. lxxviii, 1159.</li> <li><b>Geromont</b>; Ann. Ch. Pharm., xvii, 158.</li> <li><b>Hager</b>; Zeitsch. f. anal. Chem., 1872, 337.</li> <li><b>Hitchcock</b>; Edinb. Phil. Jour., xxxvii, 176.</li> -<li><b>Jacquemin</b>; Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. v, série, Nov., +<li><b>Jacquemin</b>; Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. v, série, Nov., 1874; Compt. rend., lxxix, 523.</li> <li><b>Kersting</b>; Ann. Ch. Pharm., lxx, 50.</li> -<li><b>Khol</b>; J. Chim. Méd., [4] ii, 251.</li> -<li><b>Liebig, Poggendorff and Wohler</b>; Handwörterb. ix, 676.</li> +<li><b>Khol</b>; J. Chim. Méd., [4] ii, 251.</li> +<li><b>Liebig, Poggendorff and Wohler</b>; Handwörterb. ix, 676.</li> <li><b>Ludersdorf</b>; J. f. prak. Chem., xxiv, 102.</li> <li><b>Maisch</b>; Proc. Am. Pharm. Assn., 1863, 296; 1864, 291; 1866, 267.</li> -<li><b>Mallard</b>; J. Chim. Méd., iii, 326.</li> +<li><b>Mallard</b>; J. Chim. Méd., iii, 326.</li> <li><b>Maumene</b>; Bull. Soc. Chim., xxii, No. 1.</li> <li><b>Miller</b>; Jour. de Pharm. et de Chim., Mar., 1873.</li> <li><b>Mitis</b>; Baierisch. K. u. Gewerbeblatt, 1838.</li> @@ -6969,7 +6926,7 @@ Nov., Dings. poly. Jour. ccxi, 360.</li> <li><b>Langley</b>; Chem. Centralb., 1865, 184.</li> <li><b>Meme</b>; Compt. rend., 2me sem., No. 123.</li> -<li><b>Michælis</b>; Ill. Gewerbz., 1871, 8.</li> +<li><b>Michælis</b>; Ill. Gewerbz., 1871, 8.</li> <li><b>Muspratt's</b> Chem. i, 281.</li> <li><b>Pohl</b>; Wiener Akad. Ber., xii, 88.</li> <li><b>Ritter</b>; Pharm. Zeitsch. f. Russl., i, pp. 304, 414.</li> @@ -6984,7 +6941,7 @@ Dings. poly. Jour. ccxi, 360.</li> <ul class="app"> <li><b>Bussy and Buignet</b>; Jahresb., 1865, 69.</li> <li><b>Greville</b>; Ding. poly. Jour., cxxxi, 139.</li> -<li><b>Liebig, Poggendorff and Wohler</b>; Handwörterb, ii, 867.</li> +<li><b>Liebig, Poggendorff and Wohler</b>; Handwörterb, ii, 867.</li> <li><b>Mohr</b>; Ann. Ch. Pharm., xxxi, 277.</li> <li><b>Mollerat</b>; Ann. Chim., lxviii, 88.</li> <li><b>Nicholson</b>; Ding. pol. Jour., cxxxix, 441.</li> @@ -7009,7 +6966,7 @@ Dings. poly. Jour. ccxi, 360.</li> </ul> <h4>On the detection of Blood Stains.</h4> <ul class="app"> -<li><b>Barruel</b>; Ann. d'Hygiéne pub., i. 267; ibid, No. 6, 1829.</li> +<li><b>Barruel</b>; Ann. d'Hygiéne pub., i. 267; ibid, No. 6, 1829.</li> <li><b>Bertolet</b>; Am. Jour. Med., Sc., Jan., 1874.</li> <li><b>Brucke</b>; Jahresb., 1857, 609.</li> <li><b>Van Deen</b>; Zeitsch. f. anal. Chem., ii, 459.</li> @@ -7026,19 +6983,19 @@ Dings. poly. Jour. ccxi, 360.</li> 1867, 805.</li> <li><b>Krauss</b>; Jahresb., 1861, 792.</li> -<li><b>Liebig, Poggendorff and Wohler</b>; Handwörterb., iv, 177.</li> +<li><b>Liebig, Poggendorff and Wohler</b>; Handwörterb., iv, 177.</li> <li><b>Liman</b>; Jahresb., 1863, 715.</li> <li><b>Lowe</b>; Pharm. Centralb., 1854, 137.</li> <li><b>Mandl</b>; Lond. Lanc., Dec. 17, 1842, 176.</li> <li><b>Muller</b>; Zeitsch. f. anal. Chem., 1872, iii.</li> -<li><b>Orfila</b>; Jour. des Progés des Sc., iv, 1827; Archiv. gen. +<li><b>Orfila</b>; Jour. des Progés des Sc., iv, 1827; Archiv. gen. de -Méd., +Méd., Fev., 1828.</li> <li><b>Papillon</b>; Mon. Scien. Ques., Jan., 1874, 59.</li> <li><b>Reynolds</b>; Br. Med. Jour., Jan. 4, 1873.</li> <li><b>Rose</b>; Jahresb. der Pharm., ii, 365; Jahresb., 1854, 754.</li> -<li><b>Roussin</b>; Ann. d'Hyg. et de Méd. lég., 1865.</li> +<li><b>Roussin</b>; Ann. d'Hyg. et de Méd. lég., 1865.</li> <li><b>Scriba, Simon and Buchner</b>; Jahresb., 1859, 706.</li> <li><b>Sonnenschein</b>; Jour. de Pharm. et de Chim., July, 1874; Mon. @@ -7054,12 +7011,12 @@ Centralb., </ul> <h4>On the detection of Spermatic Stains.</h4> <ul class="app"> -<li><b>Bayard</b>; Ann. d'Hygiéne. pub., 1849, No. 43.</li> +<li><b>Bayard</b>; Ann. d'Hygiéne. pub., 1849, No. 43.</li> <li><b>Renak</b>; Diagnostisch. u. Pathologisch. Unters. Berlin, 1845, pp. 148, 171.</li> -<li><b>Schmidt</b>; Diagnostik Verdäch. Flecken, Leipzig, 1848, pp. +<li><b>Schmidt</b>; Diagnostik Verdäch. Flecken, Leipzig, 1848, pp. 42-48.</li> </ul> <hr class="hr65" /> @@ -7067,16 +7024,16 @@ pp. 148, and food-adulteration that have been issued since the publication of the first edition of this book:</p> <ul class="app"> -<li><b>Adam</b>; Étude sur les principales methodes d'essai et d'analyse du lait. <span class="flr"> Paris, 1879.</span></li> -<li><b>Averbeck</b>; Die Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. <span class="flr"> Bremen, 1878.</span></li> -<li><b>Bastide</b>; Vins sophistiqués. <span class="flr"> Beriès, 1876.</span></li> -<li><b>Bauer</b>; Die Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. <span class="flr"> Berlin, 1877.</span></li> +<li><b>Adam</b>; Étude sur les principales methodes d'essai et d'analyse du lait. <span class="flr"> Paris, 1879.</span></li> +<li><b>Averbeck</b>; Die Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. <span class="flr"> Bremen, 1878.</span></li> +<li><b>Bastide</b>; Vins sophistiqués. <span class="flr"> Beriès, 1876.</span></li> +<li><b>Bauer</b>; Die Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. <span class="flr"> Berlin, 1877.</span></li> <li><b>Bell</b>; Analysis and adulteration of food. <span class="flr"> 1881.</span></li> -<li><b>Binz</b>; Intoxicationen. <span class="flr"> Tübingen, 1878.</span></li> -<li><b>Birnbaum</b>; Einfache Methoden zur Prüfung Lebensmittel. <span class="flr"> 1877.</span></li> -<li><b>Blane</b>; De la contrefaçon.</li> -<li><b>Blas</b>; De la présence de l'acide salicylique dans les bierres. <span class="flr"> Paris, 1879.</span></li> -<li><b>Blochman</b>; Ueber Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. <span class="flr"> Königsberg, 1881.</span></li> +<li><b>Binz</b>; Intoxicationen. <span class="flr"> Tübingen, 1878.</span></li> +<li><b>Birnbaum</b>; Einfache Methoden zur Prüfung Lebensmittel. <span class="flr"> 1877.</span></li> +<li><b>Blane</b>; De la contrefaçon.</li> +<li><b>Blas</b>; De la présence de l'acide salicylique dans les bierres. <span class="flr"> Paris, 1879.</span></li> +<li><b>Blochman</b>; Ueber Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. <span class="flr"> Königsberg, 1881.</span></li> <li><b>Blyth</b>; Dictionary of Hygiene. <span class="flr"> London, 1877.</span></li> <li><i>Ibid</i>; Manual of chemistry. <span class="flr"> London, 1879.</span></li> <li><i>Ibid</i>; Foods, composition and analysis. <span class="flr"> London, 1882.</span></li> @@ -7088,60 +7045,60 @@ of the first edition of this book:</p> <li><b>Casper</b>; Handbuch der gerichtlichen Medizin. <span class="flr"> Berlin, 1881.</span></li> <li><b>Church</b>; Food. <span class="flr"> N. Y., 1877.</span></li> <li><b>Cooley's</b> Practical receipts.</li> -<li><b>Dannehl</b>; Die Verfälschung des Bieres. <span class="flr"> Berlin, 1877.</span></li> +<li><b>Dannehl</b>; Die Verfälschung des Bieres. <span class="flr"> Berlin, 1877.</span></li> <li><b>Dietzsch</b>; Die wichtigsten Nahrungsmittel, etc. <span class="flr"> Zurich, 1878.</span></li> -<li><b>Dragendorff</b>; Recherches des substances amères dans la bière. <span class="flr"> Paris, 1876.</span></li> +<li><b>Dragendorff</b>; Recherches des substances amères dans la bière. <span class="flr"> Paris, 1876.</span></li> <li><i>Ibid</i>; Gerichtlich chemische Ermittellung von Giften. <span class="flr"> St. Petersburg, 1876.</span></li> <li><b>Elsner</b>; Die Praxis Nahrungsmittel Chemikers. <span class="flr"> Leipzig, 1880.</span></li> <li><b>Eulenberg</b>; Handbuch der Gewerbe-Hygiene. <span class="flr"> Berlin, 1876.</span></li> <li><b>Falk</b>; Lehrbuch der praktischen Toxicologie. <span class="flr"> Stuttgart, 1880.</span></li> -<li><b>Flick</b>; Die Chemie im Dienst der öffentlichen Gesundheitspflege. <span class="flr"> Dresden, 1882.</span></li> +<li><b>Flick</b>; Die Chemie im Dienst der öffentlichen Gesundheitspflege. <span class="flr"> Dresden, 1882.</span></li> <li><b>Fluegge</b>; Lehrbuch der hygienischen Untersuchungsmethoden. <span class="flr"> Leipzig, 1881.</span></li> -<li><b>Focke</b>; Massregeln gegen Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. <span class="flr"> Chemnitz, 1877.</span></li> +<li><b>Focke</b>; Massregeln gegen Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. <span class="flr"> Chemnitz, 1877.</span></li> <li><b>Fox</b>; Sanitary examination of water, air, and food. <span class="flr"> 1878.</span></li> <li><b>Franchini</b>; Palmelle prodigieuse. <span class="flr"> Bologne, 1880.</span></li> <li><b>Gamgee</b>; Text-book of physiological chemistry. <span class="flr"> London, 1880.</span></li> <li><b>Gaultier</b>; La sophistication des vins. <span class="flr"> Paris, 1877.</span></li> -<li><b>Gimlini</b>; Experimentelle Untersuchung über die Wirkung des Aconitins. <span class="flr"> Erlangen, 1876.</span></li> +<li><b>Gimlini</b>; Experimentelle Untersuchung über die Wirkung des Aconitins. <span class="flr"> Erlangen, 1876.</span></li> <li><b>Goppelsroeder</b>; Sur l'analyse des vins. <span class="flr"> Mulhouse, 1877.</span></li> -<li><b>Grandeau</b>; Handbuch für agricultur-chemische Analysen. <span class="flr"> Berlin, 1880.</span></li> -<li><b>Griessmayer</b>; Die Verfälschung der wichtigsten Nahrungs-und Genussmittel. <span class="flr"> 1880.</span></li> -<li><b>Hahn</b>; Die wichtigsten d. his jetzt bekannten Geheimmittel u. Specialitäten. <span class="flr"> 1876.</span></li> +<li><b>Grandeau</b>; Handbuch für agricultur-chemische Analysen. <span class="flr"> Berlin, 1880.</span></li> +<li><b>Griessmayer</b>; Die Verfälschung der wichtigsten Nahrungs-und Genussmittel. <span class="flr"> 1880.</span></li> +<li><b>Hahn</b>; Die wichtigsten d. his jetzt bekannten Geheimmittel u. Specialitäten. <span class="flr"> 1876.</span></li> <li><b>Hausner</b>; Fabrikation der Conserven und Conditen. <span class="flr"> Leipzig, 1877.</span></li> <li><b>Hemming</b>; Aids to forensic medicine and toxicology. <span class="flr"> London, 1877.</span></li> <li><b>Hilger</b>; Die wichtigsten Nahrungsmittel. <span class="flr"> Erlangen, 1879.</span></li> <li><b>Hoffman</b>; Lehrbuch der gerichtlichen Medizin. <span class="flr"> Wien, 1880.</span></li> <li><b>Hoppe-Seyler</b>; Physiologische Chemie. <span class="flr"> Berlin, 1878.</span></li> <li><b>Husson</b>; Du vin. <span class="flr"> Paris, 1877.</span></li> -<li><i>Ibid</i>; Le lait, la créme, et le beurre. <span class="flr"> 1878.</span></li> -<li><b>Johnson's</b> Encyclopædia, vol. iv. p. 752.</li> +<li><i>Ibid</i>; Le lait, la créme, et le beurre. <span class="flr"> 1878.</span></li> +<li><b>Johnson's</b> Encyclopædia, vol. iv. p. 752.</li> <li><b>Johnson</b>; Chemistry of common life. <span class="flr"> N. Y., 1880.</span></li> -<li><b>Judell</b>; Die Vergiftung mit Blausäure. <span class="flr"> Erlangen, 1876.</span></li> +<li><b>Judell</b>; Die Vergiftung mit Blausäure. <span class="flr"> Erlangen, 1876.</span></li> <li><b>Kensington</b>; Analysis of foods. <span class="flr"> London, 1879.</span></li> -<li><b>Klencke</b>; Illustrirtes Lexicon der Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel und Getränke. <span class="flr"> Leipzig, 1878.</span></li> +<li><b>Klencke</b>; Illustrirtes Lexicon der Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel und Getränke. <span class="flr"> Leipzig, 1878.</span></li> <li><b>Koenig</b>; Chemische Zusammensetzung der menschlichen Nahrungsmittel.</li> <li><b>Lang</b>; Die Fabrikation der Kunstbutter, Sparbutter, und Butterin. <span class="flr"> 1878.</span></li> <li><b>Lessner</b>; Atlas der gerichtlichen Medizin. <span class="flr"> Berlin, 1883.</span></li> <li><b>Lieberman</b>; Anleitung zur chemischen Untersuchung auf der Gebiete der Medicinal-polizei. <span class="flr"> Stuttgart, 1877.</span></li> <li><b>Lintner</b>; Lehrbuch der Bierbrauerei. <span class="flr"> 1877.</span></li> -<li><b>Loebner</b>; Massregeln gegen Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. <span class="flr"> Chemnitz, 1877.</span></li> +<li><b>Loebner</b>; Massregeln gegen Verfälschung der Nahrungsmittel. <span class="flr"> Chemnitz, 1877.</span></li> <li><b>Luerssen</b>; Medicinisch Botanik. <span class="flr"> Leipzig, 1883.</span></li> -<li><b>Maschka</b>; Handbuch der gerichtlichen Medizin. <span class="flr"> Tübingen, 1882.</span></li> -<li><b>Medicus</b>; Gerichtlich-chemische Prüfung von Nahrungs-und Genussmitteln. <span class="flr"> 1881.</span></li> +<li><b>Maschka</b>; Handbuch der gerichtlichen Medizin. <span class="flr"> Tübingen, 1882.</span></li> +<li><b>Medicus</b>; Gerichtlich-chemische Prüfung von Nahrungs-und Genussmitteln. <span class="flr"> 1881.</span></li> <li><b>Montgomery</b>; Essai de Toxicologie. <span class="flr"> Paris, 1878.</span></li> <li><b>Muter</b>; A key to organic materia medica. <span class="flr"> 1879.</span></li> <li><b>Ogston</b>; Lectures on medical jurisprudence. <span class="flr"> London, 1878.</span></li> <li><b>Palm</b>; Die wichtigsten und gebrauchlichsten Nahrungsmittel. <span class="flr"> St. Petersburg, 1882.</span></li> <li><b>Parkes</b>; Hygiene. <span class="flr"> Phila., 1878.</span></li> -<li><b>Pasteur</b>; Études sur la bière. <span class="flr"> Paris, 1876.</span></li> +<li><b>Pasteur</b>; Études sur la bière. <span class="flr"> Paris, 1876.</span></li> <li><b>Pavy</b>; A treatise on food and dietetics. <span class="flr"> London, 1875.</span></li> -<li><b>Pennetier</b>; Leçons sur les matières premières organiques. <span class="flr"> Paris, 1881.</span></li> +<li><b>Pennetier</b>; Leçons sur les matières premières organiques. <span class="flr"> Paris, 1881.</span></li> <li><b>Praag</b>; Leerbock voor practische Giftleer. <span class="flr"> Utrecht.</span></li> <li><b>Pratt</b>; Food adulteration. <span class="flr"> Chicago, 1880.</span></li> <li><b>Prescott</b>; Proximate organic analysis. <span class="flr"> N. Y., 1882.</span></li> -<li><b>Ritter</b>; Des vins colorés par la fuchsine. <span class="flr"> Paris, 1876.</span></li> +<li><b>Ritter</b>; Des vins colorés par la fuchsine. <span class="flr"> Paris, 1876.</span></li> <li><b>Reitleitner</b>; Die Analyse des Weines. <span class="flr"> Wien, 1877.</span></li> -<li><b>Schnacke</b>; Wörterbuch der Verfälschung. <span class="flr"> Jena, 1877.</span></li> +<li><b>Schnacke</b>; Wörterbuch der Verfälschung. <span class="flr"> Jena, 1877.</span></li> <li><b>Schmidt</b>; Anleitung sanitarisch-und polizeilich-chemischen Untersuchungen. <span class="flr"> Zurich, 1878.</span></li> <li><b>Schroff</b>; Beitrag zur Kenntniss des Aconits. <span class="flr"> Wien, 1876.</span></li> <li><b>Selmi</b>; Chimica applicata all' igiene alla economia domestica. <span class="flr"> Milan.</span></li> @@ -7149,18 +7106,18 @@ of the first edition of this book:</p> <li><b>Smith</b>; On foods. <span class="flr"> N. Y., 1873.</span></li> <li><b>Smith, Ed.</b>; Manual for medical officers of health. <span class="flr"> London, 1874.</span></li> <li><i>Ibid</i>; Handbook for inspectors of nuisances. <span class="flr"> London.</span></li> -<li><b>Spon's</b> Encyclopædia. <span class="flr"> London, 1882.</span></li> +<li><b>Spon's</b> Encyclopædia. <span class="flr"> London, 1882.</span></li> <li><b>Squibb</b>; Proper legislation on adulteration of food. <span class="flr"> N. Y., 1879.</span></li> -<li><b>Steirlin</b>; Ueber Weinverfälschung und Weinfarbung. <span class="flr"> Bern, 1877.</span></li> -<li><i>Ibid</i>; Das Bier und seine Verfälschung. <span class="flr"> Bern, 1878.</span></li> +<li><b>Steirlin</b>; Ueber Weinverfälschung und Weinfarbung. <span class="flr"> Bern, 1877.</span></li> +<li><i>Ibid</i>; Das Bier und seine Verfälschung. <span class="flr"> Bern, 1878.</span></li> <li><b>Thudicum and Dupre</b>; Wine.</li> <li><b>Vogel</b>; Praktische Spectral-analyse. <span class="flr"> Nordlingen, 1877.</span></li> <li><b>Wanklyn</b>; Tea, coffee, and cocoa. <span class="flr"> London, 1874.</span></li> <li><b>Wanklyn and Cooper</b>; Bread analysis. <span class="flr"> London, 1881.</span></li> -<li><b>Wenyl</b>; Analytisches Hülfsbuch. <span class="flr"> Berlin, 1882.</span></li> +<li><b>Wenyl</b>; Analytisches Hülfsbuch. <span class="flr"> Berlin, 1882.</span></li> <li><b>Wittstein</b>; Taschenbuch des Nahrungs-und Genussmittel Lehre. <span class="flr"> Nordlingen, 1877.</span></li> <li><b>Woodman</b>; Handbook of forensic medicine. <span class="flr"> London, 1877.</span></li> -<li><b>Wurtz</b>; Traité élémentaire de chimie médicale. <span class="flr"> Paris.</span></li> +<li><b>Wurtz</b>; Traité élémentaire de chimie médicale. <span class="flr"> Paris.</span></li> </ul> <h3>MEMOIRS.</h3> @@ -7178,7 +7135,7 @@ ibid, p. 402.</li> <li>Liebig, Anal. bd. 708, 1881.</li> <li>Berl. Klin. Wochenschr. 1876, 27.</li> -<li>Pflüger's, 23, 433.</li> +<li>Pflüger's, 23, 433.</li> <li>Lancet, Sept. 30, 1880; ibid, Nov. 28, 1882; ibid, Nov. 13, 1882.</li> <li>Bull. Farm. Milano, 1881, p. 197.</li> @@ -7192,7 +7149,7 @@ p. 402.</li> <li>Archiv, f. exper. Path. u. Pharm., Leipzig, 1882.</li> <li>Pharm. Journ. Trans. [3] pp. 81-83.</li> <li>Med. Jahrbuch, 1880.</li> -<li>Journ. d'Hygiène, Juil., 1878.</li> +<li>Journ. d'Hygiène, Juil., 1878.</li> <li>Medical Times and Gaz. 1876, p. 367.</li> <li>Chem. News, Jan., 1881, p. 21; ibid, xxxiii., pp. 58 and 74.</li> <li>Am. Chem. Journ. ii, No. 4.</li> @@ -7218,7 +7175,7 @@ p. 402.</li> <h4>Prussic Acid.</h4> <ul class="app"> <li>Analyst, Apr., 1877, p. 5.</li> -<li>Bull. Gen. de Thér. No. 30.</li> +<li>Bull. Gen. de Thér. No. 30.</li> <li>Am. Journ. Phys. Sci., Arnold, 1869.</li> <li>Virch., Arch. f. Path. Anat. bd. 38, p. 435.</li> <li>News Repert. f. Pharm., 18, 356.</li> @@ -7243,7 +7200,7 @@ vi, <li>Journ. f. Pract. Chem. xcix, 296; ciii, 65, 193, 233, 273.</li> <li>Zeit. Anal. Chem. 1878, p. 440; ibid, 1879, vol. xviii, p. 120.</li> <li>Chem. Soc. Jour. xxxv, p. 610.</li> -<li>Jour. d'Hygiène, May, 1878.</li> +<li>Jour. d'Hygiène, May, 1878.</li> <li>Pharm. Jour. Trans. 1876, cccxii, 1001.</li> <li>Pharmacographia, 1879, p. 62.</li> <li>Sanitary Engineer, vol. v, p. 66.</li> @@ -7258,9 +7215,9 @@ vi, <li>Journ. f. Pract. Chem. x, 273; xciv, 65; li, 401.</li> <li>Bull. Soc. Chim. [2] xxvii, 199.</li> <li>Journ. de Pharm. d'Anvers, 1876, 121.</li> -<li>Journ. Pharm. et Chim. 3 série, 1856, xxiv, 228.</li> +<li>Journ. Pharm. et Chim. 3 série, 1856, xxiv, 228.</li> <li>Repert. de Pharm. 1856, vii, p. 117.</li> -<li>Journ. Chim. Méd. 2 série, 1844, x, 459; 1844, 24.</li> +<li>Journ. Chim. Méd. 2 série, 1844, x, 459; 1844, 24.</li> <li>Ann. Chem. Pharm. xxvi, 244; xxix, 271; xxxvi, 93.</li> <li>Ann. Chem. Pharm. lxxxii, 197; cxii, 96; i, 19; 1, 231; lxiii, 201; @@ -7292,17 +7249,17 @@ lxix, 120; lxxi; cxviii, 151.</li> <li>Bull. Soc. Chim. [2] xxv.</li> <li>Deut. Chem. Ges. Ber. ix, 1900.</li> <li>Comptes Rendus, lxxxiv, 348.</li> -<li>Journ. Chim. Méd. t. ix, p. 495.</li> +<li>Journ. Chim. Méd. t. ix, p. 495.</li> <li>Arch. Pharm. [3] v. 25, 23, bd. 185, p. 225.</li> <li>Chem. Soc. Journ. ii, 1877, p. 372.</li> -<li>Ann. d'Hyg. et Méd. Lég. 1861, xvii, pp. 33, 430.</li> +<li>Ann. d'Hyg. et Méd. Lég. 1861, xvii, pp. 33, 430.</li> </ul> <h4>Vinegar.</h4> <ul class="app"> <li>Analyst, iii, 1878, p. 268; i, 1877, p. 105.</li> -<li>Ann. d'Hyg. et Méd. Lég. 2 sér. t. xii.</li> +<li>Ann. d'Hyg. et Méd. Lég. 2 sér. t. xii.</li> <li>Pharm. Journ., Jul. 3, 1875.</li> </ul> @@ -7318,8 +7275,8 @@ of the same, notably in the volumes issued by the Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, and New York State Boards of Health. It may also be mentioned in this connection that the <i>Sanitary Engineer</i> of New York, the <i>Analyst</i> -of London, the <i>Zeitschrift für Untersuchung von Lebensmitteln</i>, -Eichstatt, and the <i>Zeitschrift gegen Verfälschung der +of London, the <i>Zeitschrift für Untersuchung von Lebensmitteln</i>, +Eichstatt, and the <i>Zeitschrift gegen Verfälschung der Lebensmittel</i>, Leipzig, are journals devoted to the consideration of adulterations and the more recent methods employed for their detection.</p> @@ -7444,7 +7401,7 @@ for their detection.</p> <li>Boric acid, <a href="#Page_90">90</a></li> <li>Boutigny's examination of fire-arms, <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> <li>Bromine, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> -<li>Brücke's test for blood stains, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> +<li>Brücke's test for blood stains, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> <li>Brucine, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> <li>Buckwheat in flour, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> </ul> @@ -7527,7 +7484,7 @@ for their detection.</p> <p class="headind">H.</p> <ul class="app"> -<li>Hæmin crystals, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> +<li>Hæmin crystals, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> <li>Hair, examination of, <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li> <li>Hempseed oil, <a href="#Page_130">130</a></li> <li>Hoppe-Seyler's test for blood, <a href="#Page_151">151</a></li> @@ -7756,7 +7713,7 @@ The degrees of temperature given in the text refer to the centigrade Thermometer; their equivalents on the Fahrenheit scale can be obtained by means of the formula: <br/> -<p class="center">9/5 C° + 32 = F°.</p> +<p class="center">9/5 C° + 32 = F°.</p> —<i>Trans.</i> </div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -8110,7 +8067,7 @@ and Miscellaneous Tools, Instruments, Machines, and Processes connected with the Mechanic Arts. With numerous diagrams and wood-cuts. Fancy cloth <span class="bookflr">1 50</span></p> <p class="bookadh">BACON, F. W.—A Treatise on the Richards Steam-Engine Indicator, with directions for its use.</p> <p class="bookadt">By Charles T. Porter. Revised, with notes and large additions as developed by American practice; -with an appendix containing useful formulæ and rules for engineers. Illustrated. Fourth edition. +with an appendix containing useful formulæ and rules for engineers. Illustrated. Fourth edition. 12mo, cloth <span class="bookflr">1 00</span></p> <p class="bookadh">BARBA, J.—The Use of Steel for Constructive Purposes;</p> <p class="bookadt">Method of Working, Applying, and Testing Plates and Brass. With a Preface by A. L. Holley, C.E. @@ -8208,7 +8165,7 @@ corrected. 8vo, cloth, illustrated. New and enlarged edition <span class="bookfl <p class="bookadt">8vo, with plates, cloth <span class="bookflr">2 00</span></p> <p class="bookadh">CASEY, Brig.-Gen. SILAS—U. S. Infantry Tactics.</p> <p class="bookadt">Vol. I.—School of the Soldier; School of the Company; Instruction for Skirmishers. Vol. II.—School -of the Battalion, Vol. III.—Evolutions of a Brigade; Evolutions of a Corps d'Armée. Lithographed +of the Battalion, Vol. III.—Evolutions of a Brigade; Evolutions of a Corps d'Armée. Lithographed plates. 3 vols. 24mo, cloth <span class="bookflr">1 50</span></p> <p class="bookadh">CHAUVENET, Prof. W.—New Method of Correcting Lunar Distances, and Improved Method of Finding the Error and Rate of a Chronometer, by Equal Altitudes.</p> @@ -8526,7 +8483,7 @@ T. J. Jackson. Illustrated with five maps and portrait of Stonewall Jackson. 8vo, cloth <span class="bookflr">3 50</span></p> <p class="bookadh">HOWARD, C. R.—Earthwork Mensuration on the Basis of the -Prismoidal Formulæ.</p> +Prismoidal Formulæ.</p> <p class="bookadt">Containing simple and labor-saving method of obtaining Prismoidal Contents @@ -8574,7 +8531,7 @@ cloth <span class="bookflr">5 00</span></p> <p class="bookadt">The Political and Military History of the Campaign of Waterloo. Translated -from the French by Gen. S. V. Benét. Third edition. 12mo, +from the French by Gen. S. V. Benét. Third edition. 12mo, cloth <span class="bookflr">1 25</span></p> <p class="bookadh">—— Treatise on Grand Military Operations.</p> <p class="bookadt">Illustrated by a Critical and Military History of @@ -8780,7 +8737,7 @@ by Means of the Prismoidal Formula.</p> <ul> <li>In the Table of Content, the formatting of the entry for "Dialysis" was changed in order to indicate that this part is a section of the chapter "Methods of Destruction of the Organic Substances"</li> -<li>"treated with "mélaïnocome" was "treated with "melaniocome"</li> +<li>"treated with "mélaïnocome" was "treated with "melaniocome"</li> <li>"M. Salleron offers for sale a small apparatus (Fig. 20)" wrongly referred to Fig. 16.</li> <li>"If the crystals originate from fresh blood, they appear as represented in Fig. 21; crystals from old blood are represented in Fig. 22." wrongly referred to Fig. 17 and 18; same in "The fluid is examined from time to time under the microscope: when it is sufficiently concentrated, crystals, presenting the appearance represented in @@ -8791,383 +8748,6 @@ Figs. 21 or 22, will be observed."</li> </ul> </div> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Legal Chemistry, by J. P. 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