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diff --git a/43922.txt b/43922.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 46155b9..0000000 --- a/43922.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10653 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Original Photographs Taken on the -Battlefields during the Civil War of the United States, by Mathew B. Brady and Alexander Gardner - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Original Photographs Taken on the Battlefields during the Civil War of the United States - -Author: Mathew B. Brady - Alexander Gardner - -Release Date: October 10, 2013 [EBook #43922] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ORIGINAL PHOTOS--CIVIL WAR BATTLEFIELDS *** - - - - -Produced by David Edwards, Ernest Schaal, and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - Original Photographs - - Taken on the - BATTLEFIELDS - During the - - Civil War of the United States - - By Mathew B. Brady and Alexander Gardner - Who operated under the Authority of the War Department and the - Protection of the Secret Service - - Rare Reproductions from Photographs Selected from Seven Thousand - Original Negatives Taken under Most Hazardous Conditions in - the Midst of One of the Most Terrific Conflicts of Men - that the World Has Ever Known, and in the Earliest - Days of Photography--These Negatives Have Been in - Storage Vaults for More than Forty Years and - are now the - - Private Collection of Edward Bailey Eaton - - Valued at $150,000 - - FIRST PRESENTATION FROM THIS HISTORIC COLLECTION - MADE OFFICIALLY AND EXCLUSIVELY - BY THE OWNER - - Hartford, Connecticut - 1907 - - - - - COPYRIGHT 1907 BY E. B. EATON - - COPIES OF THIS ALBUM MAY BE OBTAINED - BY A REMITTANCE OF THREE DOLLARS TO - EDWARD B. EATON - HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT - PUBLISHER - - - - - Martyrs on Altar of Civilization - - BY - FRANCIS TREVELYAN MILLER - EDITOR OF THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY - - -[Illustration: MATHEW BRADY, FIRST WAR PHOTOGRAPHER IN AMERICA - -He followed the Armies during the Civil War and secured these remarkable -Negatives--In conference with Major-General Burnside at the Headquarters -of the Army of the Potomac near Richmond, Virginia--Brady occupies the -chair directly in front of the tree while General Burnside is reading a -newspaper--This picture was found among his negatives] - - -THIS is undoubtedly the most valuable collection of historic photographs -in America. It is believed to be the first time that the camera was used -so extensively and practically on the battle-field. It is the first -known collection of its size on the Western Continent and it is the only -witness of the scenes enacted during the greatest crisis in the annals -of the American nation. As a contribution to history it occupies a -position that the higher art of painting, or scholarly research and -literal description, can never usurp. It records a tragedy that neither -the imagination of the painter nor the skill of the historian can so -dramatically relate. - -The existence of this collection is unknown by the public at large. Even -while this book has been in preparation eminent photographers have -pronounced it impossible, declaring that photography was not -sufficiently advanced at that period to prove of such practical use in -War. Distinguished veterans of the Civil War have informed me that they -knew positively that there were no cameras in the wake of the army. This -incredulity of men in a position to know the truth enhances the value of -the collection inasmuch that its genuineness is officially proven by the -testimony of those who saw the pictures taken, by the personal statement -of the man who took them, and by the Government Records. For forty-two -years the original negatives have been in storage, secreted from public -view, except as an occasional proof is drawn for some special use. How -these negatives came to be taken under most hazardous conditions in the -storm and stress of a War that threatened to change the entire history -of the world is itself an interesting historical incident. Moreover, it -is one of the tragedies of genius. - -While the clouds were gathering, which finally broke into the Civil War -in the United States, there died in London one named Scott-Archer, a man -who had found one of the great factors in civilization, but died poor -and before his time because he had overstrained his powers in the cause -of science. It was necessary to raise a subscription for his widow, and -the government settled upon the children a pension of fifty pounds per -annum on the ground that their father was "the discoverer of a -scientific process of great value to the nation, from which the inventor -had reaped little or no benefit." - -This was in 1857, and four years later, when the American Republic -became rent by a conflict of brother against brother, Mathew B. Brady of -Washington and New York, asked the permission of the Government and the -protection of the Secret Service to demonstrate the practicability of -Scott-Archer's discovery in the severest test that the invention had -ever been given. Brady was an artist by temperament and gained his -technical knowledge of portraiture in the rendezvous of Paris. He had -been interested in the discoveries of Niepce and Daguerre and Fox-Talbot -along the crude lines of photography but with the introduction of the -collodion process of Scott-Archer he accepted the science as a -profession and, during twenty-five years of labor as a pioneer -photographer, took the likenesses of the political celebrities of the -epoch and of eminent men and women throughout the country. - -Brady's request was granted and he invested heavily in cameras which -were made specially for the hard usage of warfare. These cameras were -cumbersome and were operated by what is known as the old wet-plate -process, requiring a dark room which was carried with them onto the -battle-fields. The experimental operations under Brady proved so -successful that they attracted the immediate attention of President -Lincoln, General Grant and Allan Pinkerton, known as Major Allen and -chief of the Secret Service. Equipments were hurried to all divisions of -the great army and some of them found their way into the Confederate -ranks. - - - - -"THE black art," by which Brady secured these photographs, was as -mystifying as the work of a magician. It required a knowledge of -chemistry and, considering the difficulties, one wonders how Brady had -courage to undertake it on the battle-field. He first immersed eighty -grains of cotton-wool in a mixture of one ounce each of nitric and -sulphuric acids for fifteen seconds, washing them in running water. The -pyroxylin was dissolved in a mixture of equal parts of sulphuric ether -and absolute alcohol. This solution gave him the ordinary collodion to -which he added iodide of potassium and a little potassium bromide. He -then poured the iodized collodion on a clean piece of sheet glass and -allowed two or three minutes for the film to set. The coated plate was -taken into a "dark room," which Brady carried with him, and immersed for -about a minute in a bath of thirty grains of silver nitrate to every -ounce of water. The plate was now sensitive to white light and must be -placed immediately in the camera and exposed and developed within five -minutes to get good results, especially in the South during the summer -months. It was returned to the dark room at once and developed by -pouring over it a mixture of water, one ounce; acetic acid, one dram; -pyrogallic acid, three grains, and "fixed" by soaking in a strong -solution of hyposulphite of soda or cyanide of potassium. This -photograph shows Brady's "dark room" in the Confederate lines southeast -of Atlanta, Georgia, shortly before the battle of July 22, 1864. It is a -fine example of wet-plate photography. - -[Illustration] - - - - -THE secret never has been divulged. How Mr. Brady gained the confidence -of such men as Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee, and was passed -through the Confederate lines, may never be known. It is certain that he -never betrayed the confidence reposed in him and that the negatives were -not used for secret service information, and this despite the fact, that -Allan Pinkerton and the Artist Brady were intimate. Neither of these men -had any idea of the years which the conflict was to rage and Mr. Brady -expended all his available funds upon paraphernalia. The government was -strained to its utmost resources in keeping its defenders in food and -ammunition. It was not concerned in the development of a new science nor -the preservation of historical record. It faced a mighty foe of its own -blood. It must either fall or rise in a decisive blow. - -It was indeed a sorry time for an aesthete. Mr. Brady was unable to -secure money. His only recourse was credit. This he secured from -Anthony, who was importing photographic materials into America and was a -founder of the trade on this continent. The next obstacle was the -securing of men competent to operate a camera. Nearly every able-bodied -man was engaged in warfare. The science was new and required a knowledge -of chemistry. Brady was a man of speculative disposition and plunged -into the apparently impossible undertaking of preserving on glass the -scenes of action during one of the most tremendous conflicts that the -world has known. Pressing toward the firing-line, planting his camera on -the field almost before the smoke of artillery and musket had cleared, -he came out of the War with his thousands of negatives, perpetuating -scenes that human eyes never expected to look upon again. There can be -but very few important movements that failed to become imprinted on -these glass records. - - -[Illustration: FIRST CAMERAS EVER USED ON THE BATTLEFIELD - -One of Brady's Photograph Wagons in the wake of the Army at Manassas on -the Fourth of July, in 1862--These mysterious canvas-covered wagons, -traveling under the protection of the Secret Service, aroused the -curiosity of the soldiers whose frequent queries "What is it?" soon -earned for them the epithet of the "What is it?" wagon--Found among -Brady's negatives] - - -With the close of the War, Brady was in the direst financial straits. He -had spent every dollar of the money accumulated in early portraiture and -was heavily in debt. Seven thousand of his negatives were sent to New -York as security for Anthony, his largest creditor. The remaining six -thousand negatives were placed in a warehouse in Washington. Brady then -began negotiations for replenishing his funds by disposing of the -property. He exhibited proofs of his negatives in galleries of the New -York Historical Society the year following the cessation of the -conflict. On the twenty-ninth of January of that same year, 1866, the -Council of the National Academy of Design adopted a resolution in which -it acknowledged the value of the Brady collection as a reliable -authority for art and an important contribution to American history. It -indorsed the proposal to place the collection permanently with the New -York Historical Society. General Ulysses S. Grant had been much -interested in the work of Brady on the battlefield, and in a letter -written on February third, 1866, spoke of it as "a collection of -photographic views of battlefields taken on the spot, while the -occurrences represented were taking place." General Grant added: "I knew -when many of these representations were being taken and I can say that -the scenes are not only spirited and correct, but also well-chosen. The -collection will be valuable to the student and artist of the present -generation, but _how much more valuable it will be to future -generations_?" - -These were days of reconstruction. It was almost impossible to interest -men in matters not pertaining to the re-establishment of Commerce and -Trade. Brady had spent twenty-five years in collecting the portraits of -distinguished personages and endeavored to dispose of these to the -Government. The joint committee on libraries, on March third, 1871, -recommended the purchase of some two thousand portraits which they -called: "A National Collection of Portraits of Eminent Americans." The -congressmen, however, faced problems too great to allow them to give -attention to pictorial art and took no final action on the subject. In -the meantime Brady was unable to meet the bill for storage and the -negatives in Washington were offered at auction. William W. Belknap, the -Secretary of War, was advised of the conditions and in July, 1874, he -paid the storage bill and the negatives fell into possession of the -Government. The purchase was made at a public auction and the Government -bid was $2840 from money accumulated by Provost Marshals and turned in -to the Adjutant-General at the close of the Civil War. The Government -Records fail to give a list of the negatives made either at the time of -the purchase or for many subsequent years. The original voucher dated -July 31st, 1874, is silent as to the number of negatives received by the -Government. - - - - -THIS photograph is selected from the seven thousand negatives left by -Mathew B. Brady, the celebrated government photographer, as one of the -most valuable in existence. It seems to be the first instance on the -Western Continent, and possibly in the world, in which a camera -successfully imprinted on glass the actual vision of a great army in -camp. While scenes such as this are engraved on the memories of the -venerable warriors who participated in the terrific struggle this -remarkable negative preserves for all ages the magnificent pageant of -men, who have offered their lives in defense of their country, waiting -for the call to the battle-line. The photograph was taken on a day in -the middle of May in 1862 when the Army of the Potomac was encamped at -Cumberland Landing on the Pamunky River. A hundred thousand men rested -in this city of tents, in the seclusion of the hills, eager to strike a -blow for the flag they loved, yet such was the tragic stillness that one -who recalls it says that absolute quiet reigned throughout the vast -concourse like the peace of the Sabbath-day. On every side were immense -fields of wheat, promising an abundant harvest, but trammeled under the -feet of the encroaching armies. Occasionally the silence was broken by -the strains of a national song that swept from tent to tent as the men -smoked and drowsed, fearless of the morrow. The encampment covered many -square miles and this picture represents but one brigade on the old -Custis place, near White House, which became the estate of General -Fitzhugh Lee, the indomitable cavalry leader of the Confederacy and an -American patriot during the later war with Spain. The original negative, -although now forty-five years old, has required but slight retouching in -the background. - -[Illustration] - - - - -GENERAL JAMES A. GARFIELD was fully acquainted with the conditions under -which the negatives were taken and the subsequent impoverishment of -Mathew Brady. He insisted that something should be done for the man who -risked all he had in the world and through misfortune lost the results -of his labors. General Benjamin Butler, Congressman from Massachusetts, -also felt the injustice, and on his motion a paragraph was inserted in -the Sundry Civil Appropriation Bill for $25,000 "to enable the Secretary -of War to acquire a full and perfect title to the Brady collection of -photographs of the War." The business element in Congress was inclined -to question the material value of the negatives. They were but little -concerned with the art value and the discussion became a matter of -business inventory. Generals Garfield and Butler in reply to the -economists declared: "_The commercial value of the entire collection is -at least $150,000._" Ten years after the War, but too late to save him a -vestige of business credit, the Government came to Brady's relief and on -April 15, 1875, the sum of $25,000 was paid to him. During these years -of waiting, Brady had been unable to satisfy the demands of his -creditors and an attachment was placed on the negatives in storage in -New York. Judgment was rendered to his creditor, Anthony, and the -negatives became his property. - -Army officers who knew of the existence of the negatives urged the -Government to publish them as a part of the Official Records of the War. -The Government stated in reply: "The photographic views of the War -showing the battlefields, military divisions, fortifications, etc., are -among the most authentic and valuable records of the Rebellion. The -preservation of these interesting records of the War is too important to -be intrusted in glass plates so easily destroyed by accident or design -and no more effective means than printing can be devised to save them -from destruction." While a few proofs were taken for the purpose of -official records, the public still remained unacquainted with the scenes -so graphically preserved. One who is acquainted with the conditions -says: "From different sources verbal and unofficial, it was learned that -quite a number of the negatives were broken through careless handling by -the employees of the War Department." The negatives were transferred to -the War Records Office and placed under the careful supervision of -Colonel R. N. Scott. - - -[Illustration: BRADY'S "WHAT IS IT?" IN THE CIVIL WAR - -The Photographer's Headquarters at Cold Harbor, Virginia, in 1862, where -he had taken refuge to prepare his paraphernalia for a long and -hazardous journey--It was with much difficulty that the delicate glass -negatives were protected from breakage on these daring rides through -forests and fields and proofs were taken at the first opportunity that -offered] - - -Twenty-five years ago, in 1882, Bierstadt, a chemist, informed the -Government: "The breakableness of the glass and the fugitive character -of photograph chemicals will in short time obliterate all traces of the -scenes these represent. Unless they are reproduced in some permanent -form they will soon be lost." Fifty-two negatives were sent to him and -he reproduced six of these by a photographic mechanical process. The -Government, however, decided that the cost was prohibitive, the expense -of making the prints was seventy-five dollars a thousand and would not -allow any general circulation. - -Honorable John C. Taylor, of Hartford, Connecticut, a veteran of the -Civil War, believed that the heroes of the conflict should be allowed to -look upon the scenes in which they participated, and made a thorough -investigation. Mr. Taylor is now Secretary of the Connecticut Prison -Association and Past Commander of Post No. 50, Grand Army of the -Republic. In relating his experiences to me a few days ago he said; "I -found the seven thousand negatives in New York stored in an old garret. -Anthony, the creditor, had drawn prints from some of them and I -purchased all that were in his possession. I also made a deal with him -to allow me to use the prints exclusively. General Albert Ordway of the -Loyal Legion became acquainted with the conditions and, with Colonel -Rand of Boston, he purchased the negatives from Anthony who had a clear -title through court procedure. I met these gentlemen and contracted to -continue my arrangement with them for the exclusive use of the prints. I -finally purchased the Brady negatives from General Ordway and Colonel -Rand with the intention of bringing them before the eyes of all the old -soldiers so that they might see that the lens had forever perpetuated -their struggle for the Union. The Government collection had for nine -years remained comparatively neglected but through ordinary breakage, -lax supervision, and disregard of orders, nearly three hundred of their -negatives were broken or lost. To assist them in securing the prints for -Government Records I loaned my seven thousand negatives to the Navy -Department and shipped them to Washington where they were placed in a -fireproof warehouse at 920 E Street, North West. I did all that was -possible to facilitate the important work." - - - - -THE lens here perpetuates the interesting spectacle of an army wagon -train being "parked" and guarded from a raid by the enemy's cavalry. -With a million of the nation's strongest men abandoning production to -wage devastation and destruction the problem of providing them with food -barely sufficient to sustain life was an almost incalculable enigma. The -able-bodied men of the North and the South had turned from the fields -and factories to maintain what both conscientiously believed to be their -rights. Harvests were left to the elements and the wheels of industry -fell into silence. The good women and children at home, aided by men -willing but unable to meet the hardships and exposures of warfare, -worked heroically to hold their families together and to send to their -dear ones at the battle-front whatever comforts came within their humble -power. The supply trains of the great armies numbered thousands of -six-mule teams and when on the march they would stretch out for many -miles. It was in May, in 1863, that one of these wagon trains safely -reached Brandy Station, Virginia. Its journey had been one of imminent -danger as both armies were in dire need of provisions and the capture of -a wagon train was as good fortune as victory in a skirmish. To protect -this train from a desperate dash of the Confederate cavalry it was -"parked" on the outskirts of a forest that protected it from envious -eyes and guarded by the Union lines. One of Mr. Brady's cameras took -this photograph during this critical moment. It shows but one division -of one corps. As there were three divisions in each corps, and there -were many corps in the army, some idea of the immense size of the trains -may be gained by this view. The train succeeded in reaching its -destination at a time of much need. - -[Illustration] - - - - -ENDEAVORS to reveal these negatives have been futile as far as rank and -file of the army and the public at large are concerned. The Government, -as the years passed, became impressed with the value of this wonderful -record, but has now officially stated with positive finality: "It is -evident that these invaluable negatives are rapidly disappearing and in -order to insure their preservation it is ordered that hereafter -negatives shall not be loaned to private parties for exploitation or to -subserve private interest in any manner." - -The genius Brady, in possession of $25,000, which, came from the -Government too late to save his property, entirely lost track of his -collection. Misfortune seemed to follow him and his Government money was -soon exhausted. In speaking of him a few days ago, John N. Stewart, Past -Vice Commander of the Department of Illinois, Grand Army of the -Republic, told me: "I was with the Army of the Potomac as telegraph -operator. I knew that views of battlefields were taken by men with a -cumbersome outfit as compared with the modern field photographer. I have -often wondered what became of their product. I saw Mr. Brady in -Washington, shortly before his death, and I made inquiry of him as to -the whereabouts of his war scenes. I asked him if the negatives were -still in existence and where proofs could be procured. He replied: '_I -do not know!_' The vast collection must possess great value and be of -remarkable historical interest at this late date." - - -[Illustration: BRADY ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF GETTYSBURG IN JULY 1863--The -smoke of the terrific conflict had hardly cleared away when Brady's -"What is it" wagon rolled onto the bloody "wheat field"--This picture -shows Brady looking toward McPherson's woods on the left of the -Chambersburg Pike at the point near which the Battle of Gettysburg -began] - - -In talking with Mr. Taylor, in his office at the State Capitol at -Hartford, Connecticut, recently he recalled his acquaintance with Brady, -and said: "I met him frequently. He was a man of artistic appearance and -of very slight physique. I should judge that he was about five feet, six -inches tall. He generally wore a broad-brimmed hat similar to those worn -by the art students in Paris. His hair was long and bushy. The last time -I met him was about twenty-five years after the War and he appeared to -be a man of about sixty-five years of age. Despite his financial -reverses he was still true to his love for art. I told him that I owned -seven thousand of his negatives and he seemed to be pleased. He became -reminiscent and among the things that he told me I especially remember -these words: 'No one will ever know what I went through in securing -those negatives. The world can never appreciate it. It changed the whole -course of my life. By persistence and all the political influence that I -could control I finally secured permission from Stanton, the Secretary -of War, to go onto the battlefields with my cameras. Some of those -negatives nearly cost me my life.'" Mr. Brady told Mr. Taylor of his -difficulty in finding men to operate his cameras. - - - - -"PINKERTON" is a name associated with the discovery of crime the world -over. It is a word shrouded in mystery and through it works one of the -most subtle forces on the face of the earth to-day. Sixty-five years ago -an unassuming man fled from Scotland to America. It was charged against -him that he was a chartist. Eight years later he was in Chicago -established in the detection of crime. While the distant rumbles of a -Civil War were warning the nation, he went to Washington and became -closely attached to President Lincoln. When a plot was organized to -assassinate Lincoln in his first days of the presidency, this strange -man discovered the murderous compact. It was he who, in 1861, hurriedly -organized the Secret Service of the National Army and forestalled -conspiracies that threatened to overthrow the Republic. In speaking of -himself he once said: "Now that it is all over I am tempted to reveal -the secret. I have had many intimate friends in the army and in the -government. They all know Major E. J. Allen, but many of them will never -know that their friend, Major Allen and Allan Pinkerton, are one and the -same person." To those who knew Major Allen this picture is dedicated. -It reveals Allan Pinkerton divested of all mystery, father of the great -system that has literally drawn a net around the world into which all -fugitive wrongdoers must eventually fall. Under the guise of Major -Allen, chief of the Secret Service in the Civil War, he was passing -through the camp at Antietam one September day in 1862. He was riding -his favorite horse and carelessly smoking a cigar when one of Mr. -Brady's men called to him to halt a moment while he took this picture. - -[Illustration] - - - - -BRADY said he always made two exposures of the same scene, sometimes -with a shift of the camera which gave a slight change in the same -general view. He related several interesting incidents of his early -experiences in photography in America. It is generally conceded that Mr. -Brady should be recognized as one of the great figures of the epoch in -which he worked. - -It is here my duty to record an unfortunate incident that is not unusual -in the annals of art and literature. Brady's life, which seems to have -been burdened with more ill luck than the ordinary lot of man, found -little relief in its venerable years. Misfortune followed him to the -very threshold of his last hour. He died about eight years ago in New -York, with a few staunch friends, but without money, and without public -recognition for his services to mankind. Since Brady's death some of -those who knew and esteemed him have been interested in making a last -endeavor to bring his work before the world. Mr. Taylor has worked -unceasingly to accomplish this result. The late Daniel S. Lamont, -Secretary of War in President Cleveland's Cabinet, was much interested. -Brigadier-General A. W. Greeley, in supervisory charge of the Government -collection, said: "This collection cost the United States originally the -sum of $27,840, and it is a matter of general regret that these -invaluable reproductions of scenes and faces connected with the late -civil conflict should remain inaccessible to the general public. The -features of most of the permanent actors connected with the War for the -Union have been preserved in these negatives, where also are portrayed -certain physical aspects of the War that are of interest and of historic -value ... graphic representations of the greatest of American, if not of -all, wars." - - -[Illustration: SECRET SERVICE GUIDE DIRECTING BRADY TO SCENE OF -ACTION--Pointing toward the edge of the woods where General Reynolds was -killed at Gettysburg in July, 1863--Brady carried his cameras onto this -field] - - -The Government, however, has stated positively that their negatives must -not be exploited for commercial purposes. They are the historic -treasures of the whole people and the Government has justly refused to -establish a dangerous system of "special privilege" by granting -permission for publication to individuals. As the property of the people -the Government negatives are held in sacred trust. - -Mr. Edward B. Eaton, the first president of the Connecticut Magazine, -one of the leading historical publications in this country, became -interested in the historical significance of the Brady collection and -conferred with the War Department at Washington about the Brady -negatives. He found that the only possible way to bring the scenes -before the public was through the private collection which not only -includes practically all of the six thousand Government negatives but is -supplemented by a thousand negatives not in the Government collection. - -Mr. Johann Olsen of Hartford, who was one of the first operators of the -old wet-plate process used by Brady, personally examined many of the -negatives in storage in Washington and stated that some action should be -taken immediately. He says: "Many of the negatives are undergoing -chemical action which will soon destroy them. Others are in a remarkable -state of preservation. I have found among them some of the finest -specimens of photography that this country has ever seen. The modern -development of the art is placed at a disadvantage when compared with -some of these wonderful negatives. I do not believe that General -Garfield overestimated their value when he said they were worth -$150,000. I do not believe that their value to American History can be -estimated in dollars. I was personally acquainted with one of Brady's -men at the time these pictures were taken and I know something of the -tremendous difficulties in securing them." A few months ago Mr. Eaton -secured a clear title to the seven thousand Brady negatives owned by Mr. -Taylor with a full understanding that he would immediately place the -scenes before the public. The delicate glass plates were fully protected -and removed from Washington to Hartford, where they are today in storage -in a fire-proof vault. - - - - -THIS is conceded to be the most characteristic photograph of Lincoln -ever taken. It shows him on the battle-field, towering head and -shoulders above his army officers. It is said that Lincoln once sent for -this photograph and after looking at it for several minutes he remarked -that it was the best full-length picture that the camera had ever -"perpetrated." The original negative is in a good state of preservation. -The greater significance of this picture, however, is the incident which -it perpetuates. There had been unfortunate differences between the -government and the Army of the Potomac. The future of the Union cause -looked dark. A critical state of the disorder had been reached; collapse -seemed imminent. On the first day of October, in 1862, President Lincoln -went to the headquarters of the Army of the Potomac and traversed the -scenes of action, walking over the battlefields of South Mountain, -Crampton's Gap, and Antietam with General McClellan. As Lincoln was -bidding good-bye to McClellan and a group of officers at Antietam on -October 4, 1862, this photograph was taken. Two days later Lincoln -ordered McClellan to cross the Potomac and give battle to the enemy. -Misunderstandings followed, and on the fifth of November, President -Lincoln, with his own hand, wrote the historic order that deposed the -beloved commander of the Potomac, and started controversies which are -still renewed and vigorously argued by army officers and historians. It -is one of the sad incidents of the passing of a hero, who had endeared -himself to his men as have few generals in the annals of war. - -[Illustration] - - - - -MODERN photographers have experienced some difficulty in securing proofs -from the collodion negatives, due both to the years that the negatives -have been neglected and their inexperience with the peculiar wet-plate -process. Mr. Olsen is still working over them and has succeeded in -stopping the chemical action that threatened to destroy many of them. -Six thousand of the negatives are pronounced to be in as good condition -today as on the day they were taken, nearly a half-century ago. -Accompanying the collection is found an occasional negative that seems -to have been made by Alexander Gardner or Samuel Cooley. Gardner was one -of the photographers employed by Brady, but he later left him and -entered into competition. Cooley was an early photographer who conceived -a plan similar to Brady's, but operated on a very limited scale. Most of -his negatives were taken in South Carolina. - -From this remarkable collection, witnessing the darkest days on the -American continent and the first days of modern American photography, -the prints are selected for these pages and are here dedicated to the -American People. Until recent years there has been no mechanical process -by which these negatives could be reproduced for general observation. -The negatives are here accurately presented from the originals, by the -modern half-tone process with only the slightest retouching where -chemical action has made it absolutely necessary. - -In selecting these prints it has been the desire of the editor to -present, as nearly as possible, a chronological pictorial record of the -Civil War in the United States. At strategic points where the large -cameras could not be drawn into the conflict, Brady used a smaller and -lighter camera that allowed him to get very close to the field of -action. Many of the most critical moments in the long siege are embodied -in these small negatives. They link the larger pictures into one strong -chain of indisputable evidence. It would require forty volumes to -present the entire collection. This book can be but a kaleidoscopic -vision of the great conflict. Thousands of remarkable scenes must for -the present, at least remain unveiled. That the public may know just -what these negatives conceal, a partial record has been compiled in the -closing pages of this volume. - - - It has been estimated that since the beginning of authentic - history war has destroyed fifteen billions of human lives. I - have seen the estimate put at twice that number. The estimated - loss of life by war in the past century is fourteen millions. - Napoleon's campaigns of twenty years cost Europe six millions of - lives. - - The Crimean War 1854 750,000 - The Italian War 1859 63,000 - Our Civil War, North and South - (killed and died in other ways) 1,000,000 - The Prussian-Austrian War 1866 45,000 - The expeditions to Mexico, - China, Morocco, etc 65,000 - The Franco-German War 1870 250,000 - The Russo-Turkish War 1877 225,000 - The Zulu and Afghan Wars 1879 40,000 - The Chinese-Japanese War 1894 10,000 - The Spanish-American War 5,000 - The Philippine War 1899 { Americans 5,000 - { Filipinos 1,000,000 - The Boer War (killed and wounded) { Boers 25,000 - { British 100,000 - The Russo-Japanese War 450,500 - These are probably all under the actual facts. - - BENJAMIN F. TRUEBLOOD, - Secretary American Peace Society. - - -The drama here revealed by the lens is one of intense realism. In it one -can almost hear the beat of the drum and the call of the bugle. It -throbs with all the passions known to humanity. It brings one face to -face with the madness of battle, the thrill of victory, the broken heart -of defeat. There is in it the loyalty of comradeship, the tenderness of -brotherhood, the pathos of the soldier's last hour; the willingness to -sacrifice, the fidelity to principle, the love of country. - -Far be it from the power of these old negatives to bring back the memory -of forgotten dissensions or long-gone contentions. Whatever may have -been the differences that threw a million of America's strongest manhood -into bloody combat, each one offered his life for what he believed to be -_the right_. The American People today are more strongly united then -ever before--North, South, East and West, all are working for the moral, -the intellectual, the industrial and political upbuilding of Our Beloved -Land. - -The path of Progress has been blazed by fire. Strong men with strong -purposes have thrown their lives on the altar of civilization that their -children and their children's children might live and work in the light -of a new epoch that found its birth in the agonizing throes of human -sacrifice. From the beginning of all ages the soldier has been, and -always must be, a _mighty man_. - -He who will step deliberately into the demon's jaws to defend a -principle or to save his country must be among the greatest of men. His -is the heroic heart to whom the world must look for the dawn of the Age -of Universal Peace. It is his courageous arm that must force the world -to halt. The citizenship of the future must be moulded and dominated by -the men with the willingness to sacrifice for the sake of Justice and -such men are soldiers, whether it be in War or Peace. - -There is a longing in the hearts of men, and especially those who have -felt the ravages of battle, for the day when there shall be no more War; -when Force will be dethroned and Reason will rule triumphant. The Great -Washington, who led the conflict for our National Independence, longed -for the epoch of Peace. "My first wish," he exclaimed, "is to see this -plague to mankind banished from the earth." - -The mission of these pages is one of Peace--that all may look upon the -horrors of War and pledge their manhood to "Peace on Earth, Good Will -toward Men!" - - - - -"WAR is hell!" The daring Sherman's familiar truth is here witnessed -with all its horrors. War _is hell_, and _this is war_! If it were not -for the service that this negative should do for the great cause of the -world's Peace, this picture, which has lain in a vault in Washington for -an epoch, would never be exposed to public view. Its very gruesomeness -is a plea to men to lay down arms. Its ghastliness is an admonition to -the coming generations. It is a silent prayer for universal brotherhood. -The negative was taken after the third day's battle at Gettysburg. The -din of the batteries had died away. The clash of arms had ceased. The -tumult of men was hushed. The clouds of smoke had lifted and the morning -sun engraved on the glass plate this mute witness of the tragedy that -had made history. It was the nation's holiday--the Fourth of July in -1863. The camera was taken into the wheat-field near the extreme left of -the Union line. The heroes had been dead about nineteen hours. It will -be observed that their bodies are already much bloated by exposure to -the sun. These men were killed on July 3, 1863, by one discharge of -"canister" from a Confederate cannon which they were attempting to -capture. Tin cans were filled with small balls about the size of marbles -and when the cannon was fired the force of the discharge burst open the -can, and the shower of canister balls swept everything before it. When -this photograph was taken a detail had already passed over the field, -and gathered the guns and accoutrements of the dead and wounded. Shoes, -cartridge belts and canteens have been removed from these dead heroes as -it was frequently necessary to appropriate them to relieve the needs of -the living soldiers. From diamond at extreme right of picture these men -are identified as belonging to the second division of third army corps. - -[Illustration] - - - - -IN the conflicts within the lifetime of men now living, more than three -billions of dollars sterling have been thrown into the cannon's mouth, -and nearly five millions of human lives have fallen martyrs to the -battlefield. In the United States of America, a government founded on -the Brotherhood of Man, the greatest expenditure since the beginning of -the Republic has been for bloodshed, over six billions for War, nearly -two billions for navy, and about three and one-half billions for -pensions--more than eleven billions out of a total of something over -nineteen billions of dollars. In the last half century the population of -the world has doubled; its indebtedness, chiefly for war purposes, has -quadrupled. It was but eight billions fifty years ago; it is thirty-two -billions today. - -America has never been a war-seeking nation. Its one desire has been to -"live and let live." When once aroused, however, it is the greatest -fighting force on the face of the globe. It is in this peace-loving land -that civilization witnessed the most terrible and heart-rending struggle -that ever befell men of the same blood. "Men speaking the same language, -living for eighty-four years under the same flag, stood as enemies in -deadly combat. Brother fighting against brother; father against son; -mothers praying for their boys--one in the uniform of blue, and the -other wearing the gray; and churches of the same faith appealing to God, -each for the other's overthrow." - -There were 2,841,906 men and boys sworn into the defence of their -country during the Civil War in the United States. The extreme youth of -these patriots is one of the most remarkable records in the annals of -the world's warfare. The average age of the soldier in the army and navy -was about nineteen years. Some of them followed the marching armies on -the impulse of the moment; most of them were enlisted with the consent -of their parents or guardians. Thousands of them never returned home; -thousands more came back to the pursuits of Peace and have contributed -for nearly a half century to the Good Citizenship of the Republic. Today -they are gray-haired patriarchs. One by one they are stepping from the -ranks to answer the call to the Greater Army from which no soldier has -ever returned. This record has been compiled for this volume from an -authoritative source. The men who re-enlisted are counted twice as there -is no practical way to estimate the number of individual persons: - - 682,117 were over 21 years of age; - 1,159,789 were 21 years old and under; - 1,151,438 were 18 years old and under; - 844,891 were 17 years old and under; - 231,051 were 16 years old and under; - 104,987 were 15 years old and under; - 1,523 were 14 years old and under; - 300 were 13 years old and under; - 278 were 12 years old and under. - -When the Great Struggle began, the United States was the home of less -than thirty-two millions of people. Today it has passed eighty millions -and the peoples from all the nations of the earth are flooding into our -open gates to the extent of more than a million a year. A new community -of more than three thousand inhabitants could be founded every day from -the men, women and children who disembark from the sea of ships charted -to the American shores. There are among us today more than forty-eight -millions who have been born here or immigrated into this country since -the beginning of the Civil War. These people have no personal knowledge -of it and their information is gathered from the narrations of others. -These Brady negatives will come as a revelation to them and give a truer -understanding of the meaning of it all. The good service they may do for -the nation in this one respect cannot be overestimated. - -With thirty-two millions of people aroused by an overpowering impulse -that dared them to follow the dictates of conscience by pledging their -loyalty to the states they loved--whether it be under Southern suns or -Northern snows--it is almost beyond comprehension that Brady came out of -the chaos with even one photographic record. While his extensive -operations could not begin until system and organization were -accomplished, he did secure many negatives in 1861. - -Hardly had the news of the first gun passed around the globe when a half -million men were offering their services to their country. Loyal -Massachusetts was the first to march her strong and willing sons to the -protection of the Government. The shrill notes of the fife sounded -throughout the land and battle-scarred old Europe beheld in amazement -the marshalling of great armies from a nation of volunteer patriots -wholly inexperienced in military discipline--a miracle in the eyes of -older civilization that had been drenched in the blood of centuries. - -It was the simultaneous uprising of a Great People. The first shot from -South Carolina transformed Virginia, the beloved mother of presidents, -into a battleground. The streets of Baltimore became a scene of riot. -The guns of the navy boomed on the North Carolina coast. The men of the -West moved on through Missouri, blazing their way with shot and shell. -Through Kentucky and Tennessee the reign of fire swept on until it -re-echoed from Florida on the gulf to the wilderness of New Mexico and -the borderline of Texas. - -The American Republic was in the clutches of terrific conflict and in -the first twelve months nearly a million and a quarter of its manhood -was fighting for the National Flag. There was no turning from the -struggle. It must be waged to its deadliest end. From this moment, for -four dreadful years, fighting was taking place somewhere along the line -every day and more than seven thousand battles and skirmishes were -fought on land and sea. - -Nearly three-fourths of the men who stood in the Union ranks in the -Civil War were native-born Americans. The others were the best and -bravest blood of fellow-nations. - - - - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT FORT SUMTER IN 1861] - -"THEY have fired on Fort Sumter!" These are the words that rang across -the continent on the morning of the twelfth of April, in 1861, and the -echo was heard around the world. The shot that began one of the -fiercest conflicts that civilization has ever seen was fired just -before sunrise at four in the morning. Special editions of newspapers -heralded the tidings through the land. Thousands of excited men -crowded the streets. Trade was suspended. Night and day the people -thronged the thoroughfares, eager to hear the latest word from the scene -of action. Friday and Saturday were the most anxious days that the -American people have ever experienced. When the news came on Sunday -morning that Major Robert Anderson had evacuated the fort with flags -flying and drums beating "Yankee Doodle," the North was electrified with -patriotism. The stars and stripes were thrown to the breeze from spires -of churches, windows of residences, railway stations and public -buildings. The fife and drum were heard in the streets. Recruiting -offices were opened on public squares. Men left their business and -stepped into the ranks. A few days later, when the brave defenders of -Fort Sumter reached New York, the air was alive with floating banners. -Flowers, fruits and delicacies were showered upon the one hundred and -twenty-nine courageous men who had so gallantly withstood the onslaught -of six thousand. Crowds seized the heroes and carried them through the -streets on their shoulders. The South was mad with victory. It was -believed that its independence had been already gained. Several days -after the bombardment this picture was secured of the historic fort in -South Carolina, about which centered the beginning of a great war. It -was taken in four sections and this is a panoramic view of them all. The -photograph did not fall into the possession of the Government, but was -held for many years by a Confederate naval officer, Daniel Ellis, -commander of the twenty-gun ram "Chicora" and at one time in command of -Fort Sumter. It is now in possession of James W. Eldridge of Hartford. -It corrects the erroneous impression that the fort was demolished in -1861. It stood the bombardment with but slight damage, other than a few -holes knocked in the masonry as this picture testifies. In saluting the -American flag before the evacuation on April 15, Private Daniel Hough -was killed and three men wounded by the premature explosion of one of -their own guns. - - - - -"JOHN BROWN'S body lies a-mouldering in the grave; his soul is marching -on!" In every public meeting, through village and town, along the lines -of recruits marching to the front, around the army campfires, this song -became the battle-cry. It had been but three years since John Brown, -with seventeen whites and five negroes, seized the United States Arsenal -at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, and began the freeing of slaves. It -required eighteen hours and 1,500 militia and marines to subdue the -ardent abolitionist. He took refuge in the armory engine house. The -doors were battered down. Eight of the insurgents were killed. Brown, -with three whites and a half dozen negroes, was captured and hanged. The -Confederates planned its capture, but upon their approach on the -eighteenth of April, in 1861, three days after the firing on Fort -Sumter, they found only the burning arsenal. They held the coveted -position with 6,500 men, but fearing the attack of 20,000 Unionists, -deserted it. It was held by the Union troops until 1862, when, on the -fifteenth of September, Stonewall Jackson bombarded the town and forced -its surrender. The Union loss was 80 killed, 120 wounded, 11,583 -captured. The Confederate loss was 500. In this engagement were the -brave boys of the 12th New York State Militia; 39th, 111th, 115th, 125th -and 126th New York; 32nd, 60th and 87th Ohio; 9th Vermont; 65th -Illinois; 1st and 3rd Maryland "Home Brigade;" 15th Indiana Volunteers; -Phillips' Battery; 5th New York; Graham's, Pott's and Rigby's Batteries; -8th New York; 12th Illinois, and 1st Maryland Cavalry. It was during -these days that the Army of the Potomac engaged the Confederate forces -in bloody conflict at Turner's and Crampton's Gap, South Mountain, -Maryland, leaving Harper's Ferry again in the hands of the Union. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT HARPER'S FERRY] - - - - -THERE is not a fleet on the seas that can withstand a modern battery if -kept under fire by proper obstructions. Modern sea-coast artillery can -destroy a vessel at a single shot. The watchdog that guarded the -waterway to the National Capital in the Civil War was Fortress Monroe. -The old stone fort, partially protected by masses of earth that -sheltered it from the view and fire of the assailant, challenged the -ugliest iron-clads to pass through Hampton Roads. Fortress Monroe early -became the base of operations and under its protection volunteer -regiments were mobilized. When the 2nd New York Volunteers reached the -fort, about six weeks after the firing on Fort Sumter, the 4th -Massachusetts Volunteers had come to the assistance of the regular -garrison of four companies of artillery on duty day and night over their -guns. Something of the conditions may be understood by the statement of -an officer who says that his men had to appear on parade with blankets -wrapped about them to conceal a lack of proper garments, and sometimes -stood sentinel with naked feet and almost naked bodies. The volunteers -arrived faster than provisions could be furnished and there was a -scarcity of food. So great was the difficulty in procuring small arms -that some of the soldiers were not really fitted for war during the year -of 1861. The Government operations were centered around Fortress Monroe -and President Lincoln personally visited the headquarters to ascertain -the actual conditions. Brady was admitted behind the parapets with his -camera and secured this photograph of one of the heaviest guns in the -great fortification. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT FORTRESS MONROE] - - - - -[Illustration] - -TO feed the millions of fighting men in both armies during the years -1861 to 1865, was an enigma equalled only by the problem of ammunition. -After the diets of hardtack on the long marches there is no memory -dearer to the heart of the old veteran than a good, old-fashioned -"square meal" from the log-cabin kitchen in the camp. This is a typical -scene of one of these winter camps. They were substantially built of -logs, chinked in with mud and provided on one end with a generous mud -chimney and fireplace. The most "palatial" afforded a door and a window. -Roaring fires burned on the hearths. With the arrival of the soldiers, -knapsacks and traps were unpacked. The canteen was hung on its proper -peg. The musket found its place on the wall. The old frying pan and tin -cup were hung near the fire. There was to be a real "old home feast." -The soldiers crowded around the sutler's tent dickering over canned -goods and other luxuries which cost perhaps a half-month's pay. The log -settlement was all astir. Smoke issued from the mud chimneys. Crackling -fires and savory odors lightened the hearts of the warriors and the -community of huts rang with jovialty, laughter and song. Stories of the -conflict were told as the soldiers revelled over the hot and hearty meal -and not until the late hours did the tired comrades wrap themselves in -their blankets and fall onto their beds of pine needles or hard board -bunks. - -THE charge of the cavalry is an intense moment on the battlefield. At -the time of the Civil War nothing was known of the snap-shot process in -photography and Brady tried frequently throughout the four years to -secure negatives of the cavalry. It seems to have been an impossibility -under the long "time exposure process." He did, however, succeed in -securing negatives of horses. Frequent opportunity to try to secure a -photograph of the cavalry, is proven by the fact that there were 3,266 -troops, or more than 272 regiments, in defense of the Government. This -picture is found in Brady's collection and shows the cavalry depot at -Giesboro Point, Maryland, just outside of Washington. At the beginning -of the war the mounted men were used as scouts, orderlies, and in -outpost duty. General "Joe" Hooker finally turned a multitude of -detachments into a compact army corps of 12,000 horsemen. The gallant -horseman, "Phil" Sheridan, under instructions from General Grant, -organized three divisions of 5,000 mounted men, each armed with -repeating carbines and sabers. It was with this force that Sheridan met -the Confederate cavalry at Yellow Tavern, near Richmond, and -demonstrated the importance of mounted troops by great military powers. -One of the most magnificent scenes in the war was when 10,000 horsemen -moved out on the Telegraph Road leading from Fredericksburg to Richmond, -and the column, as it stood in "fours," well closed up, was thirteen -miles long and required four hours to pass a given point. - -[Illustration] - - - - -"CAPTURE the National Capital, throw the city into confusion and terror -by conflagration, seize the President and his Cabinet, and secure -control of the Government." This was the first cry of the Confederacy. -Thousands of volunteers were moving toward the city in answer to the -call for men to save the Nation. Orders were issued to hold back the -enemy from crossing the bridges that entered Washington. Two batteries -were thrown up at the east end of the Upper, or Chain Bridge, and a -heavy two-leaved gate covered with iron plates pierced for musketry, was -constructed at the center of the bridge. Blockhouses at Arlington -Heights and the battery at Georgetown Heights, guarded the Aqueduct -Bridge. The largest approach to Washington was the famous Long Bridge, a -mile in length, and connecting the National Capital with Alexandria, -Virginia, the gateway to the Confederacy. Three earthen forts commanded -its entrance. All soldiers of the Army of the Potomac remember Long -Bridge. It was over this structure that a hundred thousand men passed in -defense of their country, many of them never to recross it. This was one -of the strategic points in the first days of the war and consequently -one of the first pictures taken by Brady, with its sentinel on duty and -the sergeant of the guard ready to examine the pass. No man ever crossed -Long Bridge without this written oath: "It is understood that the within -named and subscriber accepts this pass on his word of honor that he is -and will be ever loyal to the United States; and if hereafter found in -arms against the Union, or in any way aiding her enemies, the penalty -will be death." - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT LONG BRIDGE ENTRANCE TO WASHINGTON] - - - - -THERE is nothing impossible to any army in time of war. Bridges are -thrown across rivers in a night; roads are constructed as the line -advances; telegraph wires are uncoiled in the wake of the moving -regiments. To protect from a delay that might mean defeat, the army -frequently carried its own "bridges" with it. These army or pontoon -bridges consisted of boats over which planks were thrown to span the -waterways. This view shows two of the boat's wheels ready for the march. -Each pontoon wagon is drawn by six mules. These pontoons were always -getting stuck in the mud, and the soldiers, struggling along under their -own burdens, were obliged to haul on the drag ropes, and raise the -blockade. Probably no soldier will see this picture without being -reminded of the time when he helped to pull these pontoons out of the -mud, and comforted himself by _shouting at the mules_. A view is also -shown of a pontoon bridge across the James River ready for the approach -of the army. It was often necessary to establish an immediate telegraph -service between different points in the lines. This photograph shows one -of the characteristic field telegraph stations. An old piece of canvas -stretched over some rails forms the telegrapher's office, and a -"hardtack" box is his telegraph table; but from such a rude station -messages were often sent which involved the lives of hundreds and -thousands of soldiers. The building of corduroy roads to allow -ammunition and provision trains to pass on their journeys was of utmost -importance. An hour's delay might throw them into the hands of the -enemy. Many disasters were averted by the ingenuity of the engineers' -corps. - -[Illustration: PONTOON BOATS ON WHEELS] - -[Illustration: BUILDING A CORDUROY ROAD] - -[Illustration: FIELD TELEGRAPH STATION IN OPERATION] - -[Illustration: PONTOON BRIDGE ACROSS JAMES RIVER] - - - - -"IF any one attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the -spot!" The order rang from town to town. Old Glory waved in the breeze -defiantly. "The flag of the Confederacy will be hoisted over Washington -within sixty days," came the retort from the far South. "Only over our -dead bodies," replied the men of the North. The National Government -discovered that a conspiracy had been in operation to denude its -armories and weaken its defenses. Political influences had secretly -disarmed the incoming administration, scattering the regular army in -helpless and hopeless positions far from the seat of the Government and -beyond its call in an emergency. Northern forts had been dismantled and -the munitions from Northern arsenals had been dispatched to Southern -vantage grounds to be used in case of necessity. The treasury had been -depleted and the Government was on the verge of bankruptcy. Eleven of -the historic old states of the Union had withdrawn and formed a new -republic, the "Confederate States of America." These were the conditions -that confronted Lincoln in his first days of the Presidency. Plots were -rampant to take his life. His steps were shadowed by Secret Service -detectives to safeguard him against assassins, and he was practically -held a prisoner in the White House. In further protection the defenses -around the city were strengthened. From every hillside grim guns turned -their deep mouths into the valleys until a chain of fortifications made -the city impregnable. Brady secured permission to take his cameras into -these fortifications. This is the best negative which he secured. It is -taken behind the breastworks at Fort Lincoln, near Washington. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT FORT LINCOLN] - - - - -THE first serious collision of the two great armies of divided Americans -took place at Bull Run, in Virginia, on the twenty-first of July, in -1861. The Government had confined its operations almost wholly to the -protection of Washington, and the public demand for more aggressive -action was loud and alarming. The Confederate pickets had become so -confident that they advanced within sight of the National Capital. -Accusations were strong against the seeming desire of the Government to -evade the enemy. Charges of deliberate delay and cowardice came from the -North. "On to Richmond," the stronghold of the Confederacy, was the -demand. So great became the public clamor that, despite the judgment of -military authorities, 29,000 Federals under McDowell advanced against -the 32,000 Confederates under Beauregard, driving them back only to be -repulsed, after one of the hardest and strangest combats that military -history has ever recorded. The Union ranks were so demoralized that they -retreated without orders and straggled back to Washington, although a -strong stand might have turned the tide of battle. The Union loss was -481 killed; 2,471 wounded and missing, besides 27 cannon and 4,000 -muskets. The Confederate loss was 378 killed; 1,489 wounded and missing. -Brady's cameras were soon on the field. He did not reach it in time, -however, to secure pictures of the fighting armies. One of his negatives -shows the historic stream of Bull Run along which the battle occurred. -Another negative shows the field over which the hardest fighting took -place. A third negative is that of Sudley Church, which was the main -hospital after the conflict. It was here that, after a long detour, the -Union forces found a vulnerable point and crossed to meet the enemy. -Brady also secured a negative of Fairfax Court House, one of the -outposts of the Confederacy, in this campaign. - -[Illustration: FAIRFAX COURT HOUSE IN 1861] - -[Illustration: STREAM OF BULL RUN IN 1861] - -[Illustration: SUDLEY'S CHURCH AND FORD AT BULL RUN] - -[Illustration: BATTLEFIELD OF BULL RUN IN 1861] - - - - -THE man behind the gun risks his life on his faith in the ammunition -train to keep him supplied with powder and shell. An old warrior -estimates that an army of 60,000 men, comprising a fair average of -infantry, cavalry, artillery and engineers must be provided with no less -than 18,000,000 ball cartridges for small arms, rifles, muskets, -carbines and pistols for six months' operation. In the field an infantry -soldier usually carries about sixty rounds. The lives of the men depend -upon the promptness of the ammunition trains. To supply these 60,000 men -requires one thousand ammunition wagons and 3,600 horses. The wagon -constructed for this service will carry 20,000 rounds of small-arm -munition. The cartridges are packed in boxes and the wagon is generally -drawn by four to six horses or mules. Several wagons are organized into -an "equipment," moving under the charge of an artillery, and there are -several such "equipments" for an army of this magnitude, one for each -division of infantry, a small portion for the cavalry, and the rest in -reserve. Early in the Civil War a chemist suggested to General McClellan -that he could throw shells from a mortar that would discharge streams of -fire "most fearfully in all directions." McClellan replied: "Such means -of destruction are hardly within the category of civilized warfare. I -could not recommend their employment until we have exhausted the -ordinary means of warfare." The Government preferred to depend largely -upon these silent, ghost-like wagons, with their deadly loads of -millions of cartridges, pressing toward the battle lines throughout the -conflict. This picture shows an ammunition train of the Third Division -Cavalry Corps in motion with the army encamped on the distant hills. It -is one of Brady's best negatives. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS AMMUNITION TRAINS WERE MOVING] - - - - -SLAVE pens were common institutions in the days of negro bondage in -America. The system had developed from the early days of colonization -and was for many generations a legitimate occupation throughout the -country. So many rumors, false and true, were told of the "pens" that -Brady schemed to secure photographs of some of them. Early in 1861 he -succeeded in gaining entrance to one of the typical institutions in -Alexandria, Virginia. The results are here shown. The cell rooms with -their iron-barred doors and small cage windows relate their own story. -While they were installed by the larger slave traders they were wholly -unknown on most of the old Southern plantations. A picture is also here -shown of the exterior of the "slave pen" kept at Alexandria with the -inscription over the door, "Price, Birch & Co., Dealers in Slaves." This -shows the proportions to which the system had grown in the greatest -republic in the world. Enormous fortunes were being accumulated by some -dealers who had thrown aside sentiment and humanity and were herding -black men for the market. With the outbreak of the war many of the -slaves sought the protection of the Union Army, while others, who had -kind masters, were willing to remain on the plantations. Mr. Brady -secured several photographs of these typical slave groups. The one here -shown is a party of "contrabands" that had fled to the Union lines. -Another familiar scene in 1861 was the pilgrimage of poor whites to the -Union ranks. When the troops passed through many of the mountain -villages, these frightened white sympathizers would hastily gather their -scanty belongings, pile them onto an old wagon, desert their homes and -follow the army, to be passed on from line to line until they reached -the North. - -[Illustration: IRON-BARRED CELLS IN AN OLD SLAVE PEN] - -[Illustration: SLAVE DEALERS' HEADQUARTERS IN ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA] - -[Illustration: REFUGEES LEAVING THE OLD HOMESTEAD] - -[Illustration: CONTRABANDS IN WAKE OF THE UNION ARMY] - - - - -ONE of the greatest secret forces in the Civil War was the electric -telegraph. Wires were uncoiled as the army moved on its march toward the -enemy and over them passed the hurried words that frequently saved -hundreds and thousands of lives. While England was the first to -experiment with the new science on the battlefield, the war in America -demonstrated its permanent importance in the maneuvers of armies. Brady -was much interested in the development of telegraphy as a factor in war -and never missed any opportunity to take a photograph of the field -telegraph corps as they passed him on marches. This picture shows one of -the construction corps in operation. The wires were laid as each column -advanced, keeping the General in command fully informed of every -movement and enabling him to communicate from his headquarters in the -rear of the army with his officers in charge of the wings. The military -construction corps laid and took up these wires as fast as an infantry -regiment marches. An instant's intelligence may cause a charge, a flank -or a retreat. By connecting with the semi-permanent lines strung through -woods and fields, into which the enemy would have little reason to -venture unless aroused by suspicion, the commander on the field is kept -informed of the transportation of troops and supplies and the approach -of reinforcements. It was also the duty of the military construction -corps to seize all wires discovered by them and to utilize them for -their own army or tear them down. Constant watch is kept for these -secret lines. Great care must also be taken that false messages do not -pass over them. Their destruction is generally left to the cavalry. The -heavy construction wagons, carrying many miles of telegraph wire in -coils, were drawn by four horses. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS MILITARY TELEGRAPH WAS BEING STRUNG] - - - - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS FIELD TELEGRAPH WAGON WAS SENDING -MESSAGE] - -TELEGRAPH stations in wagons were not uncommon sights to the soldiers -between the years of 1861 to 1865. Great responsibility rested upon the -operators who halted alongside the road to send a message back to -headquarters that might change the whole course of events and defeat -into victory. The operators in the Civil War stood by their posts like -sentinels. The confidential communications of commanders and the -movements of the morrow were intrusted with them, but not in a single -instance is one known to have proven false to that trust. It was part of -the duty of the telegraph service to take messages from the scouts sent -out to ascertain the resources of the country, the advantages of certain -routes, and the general lay of the land. Every click of the instrument -transmitted secrets upon which might depend the rise or fall of the -nation. These field telegraph wagons, drawn by horses, carried the -instruments and batteries which had but recently been invented by an -American scientist, and by which an electric spark shot messages through -wire in the fraction of a second's time. The War of 1861 proved for all -time the advantages of this new science. It left the signal corps to -attend to only short-range communications and lightened the duties of -mounted orderlies, conveying messages in a flash of electricity that had -hitherto taken a day's reckless riding on horseback. While it saved the -orderlies from many hazardous journeys there were many more where the -telegraph wires did not penetrate and dependence was still placed on the -dashing mounted messenger. The chief service of the electric telegraph -was to maintain communication between corps and divisions and -headquarters. It was also utilized in some of the brilliant strokes of -the Secret Service in forestalling deep-laid plots. - - - - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN AN ARSENAL AT WASHINGTON] - -THE downfall of Washington in the first days of the war would have meant -the downfall of the Republic. What changes this would have wrought in -the history of the Western Continent can never be known. Its -probabilities were such that the Treasury Building was guarded by -howitzers, the Halls of Congress were occupied by soldiers, the Capitol -building became a garrisoned citadel. Lincoln was virtually imprisoned -by guards in the White House, and the streets were patrolled by armed -men. Troops were quartered in the Patent Building. The basement -galleries of the Capitol were converted into store-rooms for barrels of -pork, beef and rations for a long siege. The vaults under the broad -terrace on the western front were turned into bakeries where sixteen -thousand loaves of bread were baked every day. The chimneys of the ovens -pierced the terrace and smoke poured out in dense black clouds like a -smoldering volcano. Ammunition and artillery were held in readiness to -answer a moment's call. So intense was the excitement that one of the -generals in command at the Government arsenal exclaimed: "We are now in -such a state that a dog-fight might cause the gutters of the Capital to -run with blood." There was the clank of cavalry on the pavements, the -tramp, tramp of regiments of men whose polished muskets flashed in the -sunlight as they moved over Long Bridge. Cavalcades of teams and -white-topped army wagons carrying provisions, munitions of war and -baggage followed in weird procession. Brady was then in Washington -negotiating with the Government and the Secret Service for permission to -follow the armies with his cameras. This is one of the pictures that he -took at that time, showing the artillery and cannon-balls parked at the -National Capital. - - - - -NO one, except the men who did it, can ever know the tremendous -difficulties overcome in preparing an army for warfare. The -transformation of a nation of peaceful home-lovers to a battle-thirsty, -fighting populace is almost beyond human understanding. To arm them -instantly with the implements of war is a problem hardly conceivable. -When the first guns of the Civil War were belching their death-fire, all -the man-killing weapons known to civilization were being hurried to the -front. There were flint and percussion and long-range muskets and -rifles; bayonets and cavalry sabers; field and siege cannon; mortars and -sea-coast howitzers; projectiles, shot, shell, grape and canister; -powder, balls, strap and buckshot; minie balls and percussion caps; -fuses, wads and grenades; columbiads and navy carronades; lances, -pistols and revolvers; heavy ordnance and carriages. Europe was called -upon to send its explosives across the sea. Caves were opened for the -mining of nitre, lead and sulphur. Factories were run day and night for -the manufacture of saltpeter. On land and sea the greatest activity -prevailed. This photograph was taken on the twenty-sixth day of August -in 1861, when the ammunition schooners, accompanying the fleet from -Fortress Monroe on the expedition to Fort Hatteras, N. C., were passing -through Hampton Roads. The fleet, sailing under sealed orders, in -command of Flag Officer Silas H. Stringham, arrived before sunset. Two -days later, in conjunction with the troops of the 9th, 20th, and 99th -New York Volunteers, under General Benjamin F. Butler, it forced the -surrender of Fort Hatteras without the loss of a man and took seven -hundred prisoners. The Confederates lost about fifty killed and wounded. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN HAMPTON ROADS--AMMUNITION SCHOONERS] - - - - -SPIES lived in the White House according to the rumors in 1861, and -every council of the Administration was reported to the enemy. Whether -this is true or not has never been verified, but by some mysterious -channel the Administration's plans invariably fell into the hands of the -Confederates. One of the first instances of this is the expedition to -Port Royal on the South Carolina coast. This was one of the finest -harbors along the South Atlantic and it was planned to take it from the -Confederates and use it as a base for future Union operations. The most -careful preparations were laid for two months. On the twenty-ninth of -October, in 1861, fifty vessels under sealed orders with secret -destination sailed from Hampton Roads. The fleet had hardly left the -range of Fortress Monroe when the full details of its sealed orders -reached the Confederates at Port Royal. Off Cape Hatteras it ran into a -severe gale; one transport was completely wrecked, with a loss of seven -lives; another transport threw over her cargo; a storeship went down in -the storm, and a gunboat was saved only by throwing her broadside -battery into the sea. The fleet was so scattered that when the storm -cleared there was only a single gunboat in sight of the flagship. -Undismayed by the misfortune, within a few hours the vessels that had -withstood the tremendous gale were moving on to Port Royal. Several -frigates that had been blockading Charleston Harbor joined them and on -the morning of the seventh of November the attack was made on Fort -Walker at Hilton Head and Fort Beauregard on St. Helena Island. The guns -of the fleet wrought dreadful havoc. The stream of fire was more than -the entrenched men had expected or could endure. The troops fled across -Hilton Head in panic from Fort Walker. When the commander at Fort -Beauregard looked upon the fleeing soldiers he abandoned his position -and joined the retreat. A flag of truce was sent ashore but there was no -one to receive it, and soon after two o'clock the National colors were -floating over the first permanent foothold of the Government in South -Carolina, a Confederate stronghold. - -[Illustration: GUN IN BATTERY AT PORT ROYAL, S. C., 1861] - -[Illustration: COOSAW FERRY, PORT ROYAL ISLAND, S. C.] - -[Illustration: FORT BEAUREGARD, BAY POINT, S. C., 1861] - -[Illustration: GENERAL ISAAC I. STEVENS' STAFF, BEAUFORT, S. C.] - - - - -THE American people, in their one hundred and twenty years of "Life, -Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness," have had but three wars with the -outside world. They have enjoyed a greater immunity from armed encounter -than any of their neighbors. Other than the grievous struggle which we -have had with our own people, it may be fairly said that we have been -blessed by Peace. - -As if by magic the hundreds of thousands of volunteers were armed with -the munitions of War and marched to the battle-front. The great Lincoln, -under the constitutional provisions, was commander-in-chief of the -citizen armies, and worked in conjunction with his War Department at -Washington. The military genius of a trained fighter was needed and from -the outbreak of the War until November 6, 1861, Brevet-Lieutenant -Winfield Scott was in command; then came Major-General George B. -McClellan, a man of great caution, until March 11, 1862. From that time -until July 12, 1862, the Government was without a general commander -until Major-General Henry W. Halleck took control and continued till -March 12, 1864. It was then that Lieutenant-General Ulysses S. Grant was -called upon to end the struggle. Under these military leaders the great -fighting force of volunteers was organized into armies. The first of -these patriot legions was the Army of the Potomac. - -Army of the Potomac was called into existence in July, 1861, and was -organized by Major-General George B. McClellan, its first commander; -November 5, 1862, Major-General A. E. Burnside took command of it; -January 25, 1863, Major-General Joe Hooker was placed in command, and -June 27, 1863, Major-General George G. Meade succeeded him. - -Army of Virginia was organized August 12, 1862. The forces under -Major-Generals Fremont, Banks, and McDowell, including the troops then -under Brigadier-General Sturgis at Washington, were consolidated under -the command of Major-General John Pope; and in the first part of -September, 1862, the troops forming this army were transferred to other -organizations, and the army as such discontinued. - -Army of the Ohio became a power, November 9, 1861. General Don Carlos -Buell assumed command of the Department of the Ohio. The troops serving -in this department were organized by him as the Army of the Ohio, -General Buell remaining in command until October 30, 1862, when he was -succeeded by General W. S. Rosecranz. This Army of the Ohio became, at -the same time, the Army of the Cumberland. A new Department of the Ohio -having been created, Major-General H. G. Wright was assigned to the -command thereof; he was succeeded by Major-General Burnside, who was -relieved by Major-General J. G. Foster of the command of the Department -and Army. Major-General J. M. Schofield took command January 28, 1864, -and January 17, 1865, the Department was merged into the Department of -the Cumberland. - -Army of the Cumberland developed from the Army of the Ohio, commanded by -General Don Carlos Buell, October 24, 1862, and was placed under the -command of Major-General W. S. Rosecranz; it was also organized at the -same time as the Fourteenth Corps. In January, 1863, it was divided into -three corps, the Fourteenth, Twentieth and Twenty-first; in September, -1863, the Twentieth and Twenty-first Corps were consolidated into the -Fourth Corps. October, 1863, General George H. Thomas took command of -the army, and the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were added to it. In -January, 1864, the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were consolidated and -known as the Twentieth Corps. - -Army of the Tennessee was originally the Army of the District of Western -Tennessee, fighting as such at Shiloh, Tennessee. It became the Army of -the Tennessee upon the concentration of troops at Pittsburg Landing, -under General Halleck; and when the Department of the Tennessee was -formed, October 16, 1862, the troops serving therein were placed under -the command of Major-General U. S. Grant. October 24, 1862, the troops -in this Department were organized as the Thirteenth Corps; December 18, -1862, they were divided into the Thirteenth, Fifteenth, Sixteenth and -Seventeenth Corps. October 27, 1863, Major-General William T. Sherman -was appointed to the command of this army; March 12, 1864, Major-General -J. B. McPherson succeeded him; July 30, 1864, McPherson having been -killed, Major-General O. O. Howard was placed in command, and May 19, -1865, Major-General John A. Logan succeeded him. - -Army of the Mississippi began operations on the Mississippi River in -Spring, 1862; before Corinth, Mississippi, in May, 1862; Iuka and -Corinth, Mississippi, in September and October, 1862. - -Army of the Gulf operated at Siege of Port Hudson, Louisiana, May, June, -and July, 1863. - -Army of the James consisted of the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps and -Cavalry, Major-General Butler commanding and operating in conjunction -with Army of the Potomac. - -Army of West Virginia was active at Cloyd's Mountain, May 9 and 10, -1864. - -Army of the Middle Military Division operated at Opepuan and Cedar -Creek, September and October, 1864. - -During the year 1862, Brady's men followed these legions. Both armies -were maneuvering to strike a decisive blow at the National Capital of -either foe--one aiming at Washington and the other at Richmond. The -scenes enacted in these campaigns are remarkable in military strategy, -and Brady's men succeeded in perpetuating nearly every important event. - -Cameras were also hurried to the far South and West where great leaders -with great soldiers were doing great things. Several of these cameras -arrived in time to bear witness to the bravery of the men of the -Mississippi, who were waging battle along the greatest waterway in North -America--the stronghold of the Confederacy and the control of the inland -commerce of the Continent. - - - - -THE first naval conflicts of the Civil War took place early in 1862. On -the ninth of March, the revolving turret iron-clad "Monitor" met the -enormous Confederate ram, "Merrimac," in Hampton Roads. Both powerful -vessels forced the attack and stood under the fiercest bombardment only -to again invite assault. After four hours of the nerviest fighting that -the seas had ever known, the adversaries withdrew, undefeated, to repair -their respective damages. Brady secured several photographs of these -vessels immediately after the engagement. One of them on this page shows -part of the deck and turret of the "Monitor;" near the port-hole can be -seen the dents made by the heavy steel-pointed shot from the guns of the -"Merrimac." While the news of this conflict was amazing even old Europe, -naval operations along the American coast were creating consternation. -On the first anniversary of the Fall of Fort Sumter the National navy, -in an attempt to sweep the Confederates from the Atlantic coast, -bombarded Fort Pulaski in Georgia. All day long the bombardment was -terrific and firing did not cease until nightfall, when five of the guns -of the fortress were silent. All night long four of Gillmore's guns -fired at intervals of fifteen or twenty minutes and at daybreak the -onslaught became furious. At two in the afternoon a white flag appeared -from its walls. The spoils of victory were the fort, forty-seven heavy -guns, a large supply of fixed ammunition, forty thousand pounds of gun -powder, a large quantity of commissary stores; three hundred prisoners -and the port of Savannah was sealed against blockade runners--all this -with the loss of but one killed on each side. Brady seems to have had -unusual foresight. He was nearly always in the right place at the right -time and these negatives picture the ruins of Fort Pulaski. - -[Illustration: ORIGINAL "MONITOR" AFTER HER FIGHT WITH THE "MERRIMAC"] - -[Illustration: RUINS OF FORT PULASKI, GA., APRIL, 1862] - -[Illustration: OFFICERS ON BOARD "MONITOR," JULY 9, 1862, AT HAMPTON -ROADS] - -[Illustration: THE BREACHFORT AT PULASKI AFTER BATTLE] - - - - -[Illustration] - -The most powerful fleet that had ever sailed under the American Flag -entered the deltas of the Mississippi River on the eighteenth day of -April, in 1862, to force the surrender of the largest and richest city -of the Confederacy. The strategic value of New Orleans was greater than -that of any other point in the Southern States. Its export trade in -cotton and sugar was larger than any city in the world. The great fleet -had sailed from Hampton Roads on the second of February under the -command of a man sixty years old, who was born in Tennessee, but offered -himself to the Union cause--David G. Farragut. This photograph was taken -as he stood on the deck of his flagship "Hartford." From the firing of -the first gun on New Orleans a rain of iron fell upon the forts. During -the first twenty-four hours Captain David Porter's gunners dropped -fifteen hundred bombs in and around the forts. The night was hideous -with fiery meteors and the day dense with smoke and flame. The roar of -the artillery was deafening and shattered the windows in the houses for -many miles. For six days and nights the terrific bombardment raged. When -Farragut attempted to run the gauntlet to the metropolis of the gulf he -swept the shores with a continuous fire of twenty-six thousand shells--a -million and a half pounds of metal. The Confederates pushed a fire raft -down the river to the daring admiral's flagship and the "Hartford" burst -into flame. While one part of the crew fought the fire, the others -poured metal from her guns onto the enemy. On the twenty-sixth day of -April, Farragut entered the harbor to New Orleans and on the -twenty-ninth unfurled the Stars and Stripes in the city. - -WITH flags flying and bands playing "The Star Spangled Banner," the -troops from the transports, which brought fifteen thousand men under -command of General Benjamin F. Butler, marched into New Orleans on the -first day of May in 1862. Crowds of men and women surged the sidewalks -cursing the Yankees and hurrahing for Beauregard, Bull Run and Shiloh. -When Butler established military government over New Orleans the city -had a population of about 140,000. About 13,000 of these were slaves. -Nearly 30,000 of the best citizenship were fighting in the Confederate -ranks. The city was on the verge of starvation. More than a third of the -population had no money and no means of earning it. Prices rose -enormously. Butler contributed a thousand dollars of his own money to -relieve the suffering. Supplies were hurried from all sources and sold -under Butler's orders at cost to those who had funds. The price of flour -fell from sixty to twenty-four dollars a barrel. Butler proved to be a -great organizer. The people were set to work cleaning and improving -their city. His administration was always humane. The execution of a -gambler who tore down the American Flag from the mint, and the -condemning of a gang of thugs was his only show of the iron hand. This -photograph shows Major-General Butler, with his staff, as he appeared in -his fighting days. When leaving Lincoln and his cabinet to start on his -expedition, Butler exclaimed: "Good-bye, Mr. President; we shall take -New Orleans or you will never see me again!" With Farragut he kept his -promise. - -[Illustration] - - - - -THE heaviest battery of artillery ever mounted in the world, up to 1862, -was before Yorktown when the Union army was maneuvering to enter -Richmond from the south. The intention was to shell the Confederates out -of a strongly intrenched position by overwhelming fire. This photograph -was taken inside of the fortification that threatened to annihilate an -entire army. In it were huge demons of death--that were hitherto unknown -in warfare--capable of throwing 900 pounds of iron at one broadside into -the lines of the enemy. There were five 100-pounder and two 200-pounder -Parrot rifled cannon. The topography of the country would not admit of -engagements with unfortified lines. The Confederates concentrated their -forces in the woods. The Union commanders at first despised picks and -shovels. They insisted that all defenses except those naturally -available were beneath a soldier's dignity. The battles of the East and -West were being fought on open ground. The campaign against Richmond, -however, proved the necessity of defenses to protect the lines from -unexpected attacks from the hidden enemy. The Confederates became uneasy -over this shift of fighting front and the magnitude of the preparations -at Yorktown so astounded them that they abandoned the position. On May -third the great battery threw a charge into the Confederate stronghold. -It was intended to open the bombardment on the following morning, but at -dawn it was found that the Confederates had evacuated. The heavy -artillery was known as Battery No. 1, and manned by Company B, First -Connecticut Heavy Artillery. It became a matter of discussion throughout -the world. Military attaches from many foreign powers visited the -breastworks to report the situation to their governments. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN BEHIND THE BREASTWORKS AT YORKTOWN, VA., -IN 1862] - - - - -AT sunrise of the fourth of May, in 1862, the Union troops entered the -deserted Confederate works at Yorktown and found seventy-one heavy guns, -a large number of tents, with ammunition and materials of war. The works -were found to be of scientific construction and great strength and -undoubtedly could have withstood the heavy fire from the heaviest -battery in the world. This photograph shows the remains of one of the -heavy Confederate guns blown into atoms rather than leave it to the -Union forces. Fragments of the gun strew the ground, together with shell -and grape-shot. The soldiers seen in works are Union Zouaves. The -Confederate forces of 50,000 men under Magruder were pursued by -McClellan's 85,000 Union soldiers to Williamsburg, after which the enemy -retired unmolested behind the lines of Richmond. While Brady was taking -his photographs at Yorktown, he met the distinguished Prince de -Joinville and his royal companions of the House of Orleans, who, for -pure love of adventure, had come from France and were following the Army -of the Potomac as aides-de-camp, being permitted to serve without taking -the oath of allegiance, and without pay. The noblemen were eating dinner -in camp when Brady secured this picture. A few days later Brady met the -Battery C, 3rd U.S. Flying Artillery, on the road to Fair Oaks and -secured a remarkable photograph. Another picture in this campaign is the -ruins of the Norfolk navy-yard. It had been the chief naval depot of the -Confederates, but on the tenth of May, 1862, General John E. Wool, with -5,000 men, entered the city. The navy-yard, with its workshops, -storehouses and other buildings had been wrecked, but two hundred cannon -fell into the hands of the Union forces. The Confederate ironclad -"Merrimac" tried to escape up the James, but grounded and was blown up. - -[Illustration: CONFEDERATE WORKS AFTER EVACUATION OF YORKTOWN] - -[Illustration: ADVENTUROUS EUROPEAN NOBLEMEN WITH ARMY OF THE POTOMAC IN -1862] - -[Illustration: RUINS OF NORFOLK NAVY YARD IN 1862] - -[Illustration: FLYING ARTILLERY ON ROAD TO FAIR OAKS] - - - - -AFTER the evacuation of Yorktown on the fourth of May, in 1862, this -picture was taken. It shows the generals of the Army of the Potomac in -full uniforms after the hard siege, and at the very time when they were -maneuvering to drive back the Confederates, forcing them to stand in -defense of the Capital of the Confederacy--Richmond. It was through the -personal friendship of Major-General McClellan that Brady was allowed to -take this rare photograph. The warriors lined up in front of the camera -on the field at Yorktown. In the center is General McClellan--a man in -whose veins flowed the blood of Scotch cautiousness--"Be sure you're -right, then go ahead!" He was but thirty-six years of age when he held -the great army under his control. From boyhood he had been a military -tactician. When twenty years old he was graduated from West Point, -standing second in his class, and distinguished himself for gallantry in -the Mexican War. Six years before the outbreak of the Civil War, when -only thirty years old, McClellan was in Crimea and two years later he -submitted his report to the Government and resigned from the army to -become vice-president and chief engineer of the Illinois Central -Railroad. In 1860, he was general superintendent of the Ohio and -Mississippi Railroad. When the call swept across the continent for -troops to preserve the Nation, the old war spirit was aroused and -McClellan was one of the first to respond. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT YORKTOWN OF MCCLELLAN AND HIS -OFFICERS IN 1862] - - - - -BRADY'S cameras took an active part in the campaign about Richmond, the -Capital of the Confederacy. Four of the old negatives are here -reproduced. The first is a view of light field-works on the -Chickahominy, near Fair Oaks. The men are at the guns ready to receive -the attack and the infantry are hurrying into line on the right and left -of the battery. The second photograph is where the battle raged hottest -in June, 1862. In the rear of the battery of howitzers in the -foreground, is the left of Sickle's brigade in line of battle. Near the -twin houses, seen still further in the rear, the bodies of over 400 -Union soldiers were buried after the battle. The Confederate loss was -7,997 men killed, wounded and missing; the Union loss, 5,739. The -headquarters of the army, at the opening of the seven days' fight, was -at Savage Station, where vast amounts of rations, forage, ammunition and -hospital stores were distributed for the use of the troops. This station -fell into the hands of the enemy together with many of our sick and -wounded soldiers during the seven days' battles. One of these views -gives a glimpse of the field hospital at Savage Station during the -battle. The wounded were brought in by the hundreds and laid on the -ground and the surgeons may be seen leaning over them. During the -Peninsula Campaign in 1862, the army balloon was a valuable aid in the -signal service. This view shows Professor T. S. C. Lowe in his balloon -watching the battle of Fair Oaks. He can easily discern the movements of -the enemy's troops and give warning to the generals. The balloon rises -to the desired elevation and is anchored to a tree. - -[Illustration: ARTILLERY IN LINE AT FAIR OAKS IN 1862] - -[Illustration: BATTERY OF HOWITZERS IN BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS] - -[Illustration: WATCHING BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS FROM BALLOON] - -[Illustration: THE WOUNDED AT SAVAGE STATION AFTER THE BATTLE] - - - - -DESPERATE battles day and night crimsoned the fields in the siege about -Richmond. McClellan called for reinforcements to force his way into the -city, but they failed to arrive. So dismayed was he that he sent this -warning to Stanton at Washington: "If I save this army now, I tell you -plainly that I owe no thanks to you, or any other person in Washington." -This photograph shows the Grapevine Bridge on the Chickahominy over -which McClellan passed his army. This bridge was built by the 15th New -York Engineer Corps. All the supplies that could be taken in the wagon -trains were hurried over Grapevine Bridge and the remainder were burned -or abandoned. Hundreds of artillery charges were opened. Powder was -scattered over the pile and barrels of oil poured on. At Savage Station -a railroad train loaded with ammunition was set on fire, then sent, with -the locomotive throttle wide open, to plunge from the broken tracks into -the river, each car exploding as it reached the surface of the stream. -Grapevine Bridge was destroyed and Jackson held away from the Battle of -Gaines' Mill, which undoubtedly saved the Army of the Potomac from -capture. Through Mechanicville, Gaines' Mill, Savage Station, Peach -Orchard, White Oak Swamp and Malvern Hill the Union soldiers fought -their way from the twenty-sixth of June to the first of July, finally -escaping to Harrison's Landing on the James River after a loss of 15,249 -men. The Confederates had beaten them back from Richmond at a cost of -17,583 men. McClellan set up his base of operations at Harrison's -Landing and remained a menace to Richmond. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT GRAPEVINE BRIDGE OVER THE -CHICKAHOMINY] - - - - -BRILLIANT strokes came like flashes of lightning. With McClellan still -setting his heart on taking Richmond, "Stonewall" Jackson was making -threatening moves towards Washington. Demonstrations were begun to plant -fear in the Government and cause sufficient alarm to order the -withdrawal of McClellan to the defense of Washington. This daring ruse -was successful inasmuch as it completely upset the plans to take -Richmond, and the seat of battle was almost instantly transferred to the -North. There was no denying it; Washington stood in abject fear of the -brilliant Jackson. His presence in the vicinity of the National Capital -caused much uneasiness. The stand against him came at Cedar Mountain, -known from its hard fight as Slaughter Mountain, on the ninth of August, -1862. At a cost of about 1,400 men, the Union army frustrated Jackson -and depleted his forces to the extent of 1,307. Brady's cameras were -with the army at Cedar Mountain. The first photograph was taken just as -one of the batteries was fording a tributary of the Rappahannock. -Another picture was taken of the Union camp on the battlefield. The -Confederate general, Charles S. Winder, was struck by a shell while -leading his division on the field. He was taken to the house shown in -one of these photographs where he died. The marks of the shells can -easily be seen in the roof. It was about this time, at Harrison's -Landing, that Brady met the famous Irish Brigade which was then fighting -in the defense of Washington, under Brigadier-General Thomas Francis -Meagher, who had taken prominent part in a recent rebellion in Ireland. -A group of officers of the sturdy Irish Brigade sat before one of -Brady's cameras. The charges of this brigade are among the most daring -in warfare. - -[Illustration: OFFICERS OF IRISH BRIGADE AT HARRISON'S LANDING IN 1862] - -[Illustration: HOUSE AT CEDAR MOUNTAIN WHERE GENERAL WINDER DIED] - -[Illustration: CAMP AND BATTLEFIELD ON CEDAR MOUNTAIN IN 1862] - -[Illustration: BATTERY FORDING STREAM NEAR CEDAR MOUNTAIN IN 1862] - - - - -ONE hundred and sixty thousand men fought in the Union lines in the -Peninsula campaign. When Lincoln reviewed the army at Harrison's -Landing, in 1862, he saw only eighty-six thousand men. The remainder had -been removed by casualties on the field or disease. Fifty thousand had -fallen victims to fever or malaria. The president and his cabinet were -dissatisfied with the conditions and General Henry Wager Halleck, who -had been showing much ability in the West, was summoned to Washington -and appointed commander-in-chief. McClellan was practically deposed from -the Potomac. The Army of Virginia, under command of General John Pope, -was instructed to cover Washington and guard the Shenandoah entrance to -Maryland. In taking command of this division, Pope said to his men: "I -have come to you from the West, where we have always seen the backs of -our enemies." The Confederates were mapping routes on a large scale. -Bragg was to advance on Louisville and Cincinnati; Lee was to invade -Maryland and march upon Washington, Baltimore and Philadelphia. The -capture of these three cities was to assure the Independence of the -Confederacy. Lee had 150,000 men and two-thirds of them were to be taken -on this invasion. This is the scheme that was being worked out when the -two armies met on the thirtieth day of August at Manassas. The -Confederate troops poured onto the Federal lines and forced them back -beyond Bull Run until the darkness of the night stopped the pursuit. -Bridges were burned and railroads destroyed by the Union Army as they -withdrew toward Washington, making brave stands to hold back the enemy, -only to be driven back to the banks of the Potomac with 7,800 missing -and dead, while the Confederate lines had 3,700 vacancies. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN BEHIND CONFEDERATE FORTIFICATIONS AT -MANASSAS IN 1862] - - - - -[Illustration: GENERAL IRVIN MCDOWELL AND OFFICERS IN 1862] - -[Illustration: RUINED BRIDGE AT MANASSAS] - -CONSTERNATION was caused in Washington by the terrible slaughter at -Manassas, on the thirtieth of August, in 1862. The Federal Army was -driven from the Virginia valley. The mighty Confederate generals Lee, -Jackson, and Longstreet, renewed their hopes of entering the National -Capital and pushing into Pennsylvania and Maryland, and as one -enthusiastic Southerner exclaimed: "The Confederate flag will yet wave -over Faneuil Hall in Boston." It was but thirteen months since the Union -Army met a fearful defeat along this same stream of Bull Run. After a -three weeks' campaign, the Federals, under Major-General John Pope, were -forced to retire and hastened to the defense of Washington which they -believed to be in instant danger of attack. It was in a volley of heavy -fire that General Phil Kearney fell dead from his saddle. Kearney and -Lee had been personal friends before the war and Lee sent the body of -his old friend back to the Union headquarters under a flag of truce. -During this campaign, Brady secured an excellent photograph of -Major-General Irvin McDowell and staff, who had been in the first battle -of Bull Run and now commanded the Third Army Corps. He also made the -acquaintance of General Robert E. Lee, who had assumed command of the -Confederate Army in Virginia in the second battle, two months before. -Standing at Lee's right is Major-General G. W. C. Lee and on his left -Colonel Walter Taylor of the Confederates. - -[Illustration: GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE AT MANASSAS] - - - - -TIRED and hungry, the Federal soldiers were driven from the Virginia -Valley. The cutting off of supplies had placed them in a precarious -condition. There was nothing left for them to do but retreat to the -nearest provisions. Even the 4,000 horses in the cavalry were so broken -down and footsore that not more than 500 of them were fit for riding. -The only considerable depot of supplies was at Manassas Junction and it -had fallen into the hands of the Confederates. A strong body of cavalry -under "Jeb" Stuart, with 500 infantry, had raided it during the night -three days before the battle. These stores were destroyed by the -Confederates as a safer way to force back the Federals by starvation. -While they brought little succor to the rank and file of the Confederate -army they left the Union soldiers without food. One of Brady's cameras -reached Manassas Junction shortly after the destruction and this is the -negative that was taken. The railroad train is wrecked, the engine is -derailed, and the cars have been looted. 50,000 pounds of bacon, 1,000 -barrels of corned beef, 2,000 barrels of salt pork, 2,000 barrels of -flour, two train loads with stores and clothing, large quantities of -forage, 42 wagons and ambulances, 200 tents, 300 prisoners, 200 negroes, -eight pieces of artillery with their horses and equipments, and 175 -horses other than those belonging to the artillery fell into the -possession of the enemy. Immense quantities of quartermasters' and -commissaries' stores were burned. Only rations enough for a single day -were saved by the captors. The conflict was too hot and the action too -swift to allow carrying them along on the movement into the North. With -these provisions gone the Union army was in dire want. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT RUINS OF MANASSAS JUNCTION, VIRGINIA, -IN 1862] - - - - -THE pursuit by the Confederates toward the very gates of Washington, -after the route of the Union army along Bull Run, was stopped only by -the thoughtfulness of the retreating Federals in destroying their -bridges. Lee, in his report after the battle, says: "After a fierce -combat, which raged until after nine o'clock, Pope's Union Army was -completely defeated and driven beyond Bull Run. The darkness of the -night, his destruction of the Stone Bridge after crossing, and the -uncertainty of the fords, stopped the pursuit." This photograph is an -actual verification of the truth of Lee's excuse. Brady arrived on the -following day and this picture shows the ruins as he found them. It -would have been foolhardy for an army in the blackness of night to have -attempted to tramp through wreckage, the extent of which they knew -nothing, and water the depth of which was questionable. Bull Run was a -treacherous stream with its rocks and holes. Moreover, the Confederate -soldiers, after the fearful struggle through which they had passed, were -not in a condition to travel through the night in drenched and -mud-soaked clothing. The Union forces at the fierce battle of Manassas -were: Army of Virginia, under Pope--1st Corps under Major-General Franz -Sigel; Third Corps under Major-General Irvin McDowell; Second Corps -under Major-General Nathaniel P. Banks; Army of the Potomac--Third Corps -under Major-General S. P. Heintzelman; Fifth Corps under Major-General -Fitz John Porter; Ninth Corps under Major-General Jesse L. Reno. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT RUINS OF STONE BRIDGE OVER BULL RUN -IN 1862] - - - - -[Illustration: THE DEAD ALONG HAGERSTOWN ROAD AFTER BATTLE OF ANTIETAM] - -[Illustration: SIGNAL CORPS WATCHING BATTLE FROM HILLSIDE AT ANTIETAM] - -THRILLED with the victory at Manassas, the second Bull Run, the leader -of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis, ordered an immediate movement to -the North with all the chances of glorious triumph in his favor. It was -conceded even by the military tacticians of the Government that Lee -could march to Washington with probabilities of entrance. He was aware -that a direct attack was feasible, but he desired to cross the Potomac -into Maryland and enter the National Capital from the north, thus giving -him a free route to the great municipalities of the North. It is -probable that he even had visions of the capture of New York. While -developing this military stratagem he met the Federals in the open at -Antietam. It was the seventeenth of September in 1862. General McClellan -was in command and Lee's fondest dreams were blasted. The men of both -armies fought as they never fought before. Brady's cameras were soon on -the scene and secured many negatives of this bloody day. The one above -reveals the west side of Hagerstown Road after the battle. The bodies of -the dead are strewn thickly beside the fence, just as they fell. The -guns succeeded in getting an excellent range of this road, and -slaughtered the enemy like sheep. This view of some of the men just as -they fell, is only a glimpse of many groups of dead in that terrible -combat. Brady "caught" the Independent Pennsylvania Battery E, well -known as Knapp's Battery, shortly after the battle. - -[Illustration: ARTILLERY AFTER THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM] - - - - -THIS is believed to be the first photograph ever taken of armies in -battle on the Western Continent. The historic negative was taken from -the hill overlooking the battle of Antietam. It shows the artillery in -terrific conflict and the fire belching from the cannon's mouth. The -clouds of smoke rising from the valley tell the fearful story of that -seventeenth day of September, in 1862, when 25,899 Confederates were -killed, wounded and captured at the cost of 12,469 Union men. On the -left of the lines stand the reserve artillery waiting for the call to -action. One can almost hear the voice of "Little Mac" urging his men on -to victory. The defeat at Manassas, and the destruction of Pope's -trains, with the hot haste in which the troops had passed through -Washington, gave no time for the issuance of shoes, socks or other -necessaries. The men who had tramped through the Chickahominy swamps and -down the Virginia Valley were ragged and bleeding, but when the order -rose above the tumult: "Give ground to the right," a mighty cheer swept -along the lines as a cavalry of horsemen galloped madly to the front, -for the men in the ranks knew that McClellan was coming. There was not a -man at Antietam who did not know that it was a last desperate chance to -thwart the great Lee from marching on to Washington, and possibly -Baltimore and Philadelphia. The people in the North eagerly awaited the -news. The National Capital was almost in a state of panic. It was the -hardest fought and bloodiest single day's battle of the war and more men -were killed than in any single day's fight during the conflict. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN DURING THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM IN 1862] - - - - -[Illustration: SCOUTS AND GUIDES WITH THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC] - -[Illustration: GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER AND HIS FAVORITE HORSE AT ANTIETAM] - -[Illustration: PICKETS IN THE LEAD OF THE ARMY IN 1862] - -THE scouts and guides of the Civil War saved the armies from many -defeats by their shrewdness and bravery. Upon them rested the great -responsibility of leading the soldiers through the unknown country to -advantageous and safe positions. During the Peninsula campaign in 1862 a -group of these men sat before one of Brady's cameras. A photograph was -also secured at a reserve picket station near the Potomac. The advance -picket was a short distance ahead and upon the approach of the enemy -began firing, and gradually fell back on these reserves, who keep up a -continuous fire as they retire slowly, fighting as they go, giving time -for the army to form into line for battle. About this same time an -excellent picture was secured of "Fighting Joe" Hooker standing beside -his horse. Hooker was seriously wounded at Antietam and borne from the -field. Still another photograph shown here is the "Sunken Road" or -"Bloody Lane" at Antietam, in which the Confederate dead lay three deep -for a distance of half a mile. This ditch was used by the Confederates -as a rifle pit. A Union battery succeeded in getting an excellent range -of the road and this view, taken the day after the battle, shows the -dead just as they fell. It is a scene of slaughter that few men have -ever seen and its horrors are here preserved in detail by the camera. - -[Illustration: DEAD IN SUNKEN ROAD AFTER BATTLE OF ANTIETAM] - - - - -STONEWALL JACKSON, in speaking of the battle of Antietam, said: "The -carnage on both sides was terrific. The hottest fight seemed to center -about Dunker Church, where there were no less than four charges and -counter-charges. Each army had taken and retaken the ground until it was -literally carpeted with dead and dying men." The Confederates posted a -battery of light artillery outside of the little building used for -religious services by the sect known as the Dunkers. This photograph -shows where one gun of the battery stood. The dead artillerymen and -horses, and the shell-holes through the little church, prove how -terrible a fire was rained onto this spot by the Union batteries. -Another view on this page shows the dead collected for burial after the -battle of Antietam. The wounded were taken from the battlefield to an -improvised hospital which consisted of canvas stretched over stakes -driven into the ground. A view is here given of one of these hospitals -in which wounded Confederate prisoners are being relieved of their -suffering. One of the most interesting of these photographs is Burnside -Bridge. With fixed bayonets the Union soldiers started on their mission -of death, rushing over the slope leading to the bridge, and engaging in -fierce combat with the enemy. The fire that swept it was more than they -could stand and they were obliged to retire. Two heavy guns were placed -in position and aimed upon the Confederates. In a maddening charge, the -bayonets again flashed in the light and the Union soldiers swept -everything before them, planting the Stars and Stripes on the opposite -bank. Five hundred of their men lay dead behind them. By this time -Burnside had crossed the stream and after a quick encounter the battle -was ended with both armies severely punished and neither inclined to -resume the fight. - -[Illustration: BURNSIDE BRIDGE AT ANTIETAM IN 1862] - -[Illustration: THE DEAD COLLECTED FOR BURIAL AFTER BATTLE OF ANTIETAM] - -[Illustration: FIELD HOSPITAL AT ANTIETAM BATTLEFIELD IN 1862] - -[Illustration: DEAD ARTILLERYMEN AT DUNKER'S CHURCH, ANTIETAM] - - - - -THE last echo of the guns of Antietam had hardly died away when the -great Lincoln and the cautious McClellan stood literally at swords' -points at the very instant when the Confederacy was repulsed and -weakened. Lincoln was positive that this was the opportune moment to -take the offensive and drive the Confederates into the South. McClellan -insisted that his soldiers were suffering; that they needed shoes and -supplies; that the cavalry horses were fatigued. He felt that the -Government had been saved by his men and that the administration should -now provide them with proper clothing and food before they plunged again -into the wilderness. President Lincoln hurried to the battlefield of -Antietam on the first of October, in 1862, to learn the real condition. -While the president and "Little Mac" were seated in General McClellan's -tent about noon on the third of October, with maps and plans on the -table before them, discussing the situation, Lincoln submitted to having -this photograph taken. The silk hat of the president lies on the table -over which is thrown an American flag. It is a remarkable likeness of -the great American and the negative is treasured as one of the most -valuable contributions to our National records. In speaking of this -visit, McClellan said: "We spent some time on the battlefield and -conversed fully on the state of affairs. He told me that he was entirely -satisfied with me and with all that I had done; that he would stand by -me. He parted from me with the utmost cordiality. We never met again on -this earth." On the following morning Lincoln returned to Washington. -Two days later McClellan received an order from Washington to -immediately move onto the enemy and engage them in battle. The breach -between the two men was now irreparable. McClellan believed that it was -the influence of Stanton whom he had accused of working deliberately -against him. It was nineteen days before he began the movement and on -the fifth of November, Lincoln issued this order: "By direction of the -president it is ordered that Major-General McClellan be relieved from -the command of the Army of the Potomac, and that Major-General Burnside -take command of that army." - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE LINCOLN WAS CONFERRING WITH -McCLELLAN ON BATTLEFIELD OF ANTIETAM] - - - - -WHEN Lincoln visited the battlefield of Antietam, he was accompanied by -Allan Pinkerton, chief of the Secret Service, known under the alias of -Major Allen. On the morning of the third of October, 1862, when he was -leaving McClellan's tent to look over the army in camp, he again stood -before one of the war cameras and this rare photograph is the witness. -Comparatively few of this generation have any clear idea of how the real -Lincoln looked as he passed through the heart-rending ordeal from 1861 -to 1865. This photograph shows him in his characteristic attitude. At -his right stands Pinkerton, one of the shrewdest detectives that the -world has produced. The officer in uniform is Major John A. McClernand, -who was appointed to command the Army of the West and fought at Fort -Donelson, Shiloh and Vicksburg, but who was in the East at this time. -From Lincoln's visit resulted McClellan's deposal. Never before or since -has such a scene been witnessed in any army as the one when McClellan -took leave of his officers and soldiers. Seated on a magnificent steed, -at the head of his brilliant staff, he rode down the lines, lifting his -cap as the regimental colors fell into salute. Whole regiments dropped -their muskets to cheer their hero. The tears came to McClellan's eyes -and the vast army shook with emotion. As he was boarding the train -troops fired a salute. Impassioned soldiers wildly insisted that he -should not leave them, and uttered bitter imprecations against those who -had deprived them of their beloved commander. It was a moment of fearful -excitement. A word, or a look of encouragement, would have been the -signal for a revolt, the consequences of which no man can measure. -McClellan stepped to the platform of the car. He spoke slowly but -appealingly: "Stand by General Burnside as you have stood by me, and all -will be well!" A calm fell over the soldiers and they bade farewell to -their idolized commander. McClellan, upon reaching Washington, remained -less than an hour and proceeded at once to Trenton. From that time he -never again saw Lincoln, or Stanton, or Halleck. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE LINCOLN WAS PASSING THROUGH CAMP -AT ANTIETAM IN 1862] - - - - -A FEW days after Burnside replaced McClellan in command of the Army of -the Potomac, this photograph was taken while he was with his staff at -Warrenton, Virginia, in the middle of November, in 1862. Burnside is -here seen in the midst of his officers, with one hand characteristically -tucked into his coat and the other holding a written military order. -Burnside was a graduate of West Point and when twenty-four years old -helped to take the Capital in the Mexican War. He had also been an -Indian fighter and during those days made a journey of over a thousand -miles across the plains in seventeen days, accompanied by only three -men, to carry dispatches to President Filmore. At twenty-nine years of -age he resigned from the United States Army and invented the Burnside -rifle. He was one of McClellan's intimate friends, and while a civilian -he was engaged with him on the Illinois Central Railroad. Burnside was -in New York when the Civil War broke out and hurried to the front in -command of the First Rhode Island Volunteers. He fought at the first -battle of Bull Run and commanded an expedition that stormed the North -Carolina coast. He was in the famous Battle of Roanoke Island and -Newbern and as a reward for these successes he was given the rank of -major-general. He later fought the Battle of Camden, attacked and -reduced Fort Macon, and during the Peninsula Campaign fought at the -Battle of South Mountain and Antietam. When Lincoln first offered -Burnside the command held by McClellan it is said that he refused it -three times. Not until he knew that his friend must go did he concede to -the wishes of the president. When Burnside took command of the Union -forces he was but thirty-nine years old, but an experienced warrior. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE MAJOR-GENERAL AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE -WAS ENCAMPED WITH HIS STAFF IN 1862] - - - - -[Illustration: GENERAL EDWIN V. SUMNER AND STAFF IN PENINSULA CAMPAIGN -IN 1862] - -SHORTLY after the battle of Antietam this photograph was taken of -General Sumner, who was distinguished for gallantry on that bloody -field. Sumner is seen standing on the steps in the center of a group of -officers. At this time he was a warrior sixty-six years of age and had -seen a long life of hard fighting. He was born during the first days of -the American Republic, in the year 1796. When twenty-three years old he -became a second lieutenant in the United States Infantry and served with -distinction during the Black Hawk War. He later had command of a cavalry -school and at the outbreak of the Mexican War he led an attack against -five thousand lancers and was breveted colonel. With the cessation of -this conflict he took charge of the Department of New Mexico, and was -later ordered to Europe on official business. Upon his return he entered -into border warfare and defeated the Cheyenne Indians. When Lincoln was -elected president, Sumner was selected to accompany him from Springfield -to Washington and was promoted brigadier-general. Sumner was active in -the Peninsula Campaign and was promoted to major-general. He fought -through the Maryland Campaign, and at Antietam his corps made one of the -fiercest charges over the field, carrying destruction and death. He -commanded the right wing at the battle of Fredericksburg and was ordered -to the West, but while preparing to depart he died suddenly. - -WHILE the campaigns against Richmond and Washington were being waged, -hard fighting was taking place in the Southwest. Grant was in command of -the Army of the Tennessee. Buell was near Chattanooga, facing Bragg who -threatened Louisville. Rosecranz was at the head of the Army of the -Mississippi and occupied Alabama and Northern Mississippi. Terrific -engagements had taken place at Fort Donelson and Shiloh, Tennessee. The -Guerilla Campaign was being waged in Missouri. There were frequent -clashes in Kentucky and Arkansas, but Mississippi seemed to be the -battle-ground. Corinth, in that state, was considered the military key -to Tennessee. It was in the conflict for the control of this coveted -position that the Confederates made one of their bravest charges. A -photograph is here shown of Fort Robinette which was protected by -Federal guns. The Southerners charged almost to the cannon's mouth, only -to be swept back by the murderous shower of lead. The second charge -stands as a wonderful example of human courage. Colonel Rogers of Texas, -led the column, and scaled the breastwork, falling inside. Three charges -were made, but the Confederates were finally forced to retreat. The -Federal loss at this battle of Corinth in killed, wounded and missing -was 2,359; the Confederates left behind them 9,423. - -[Illustration: IN FRONT OF THE EARTHWORKS AT FORT ROBINETTE IN CORINTH, -MISSISSIPPI] - - - - -WITH colors flying, armament in first-class condition, and soldiers -well-clothed and fed, the Union lines under the new command of Burnside -began offensive operations against Virginia. This had been Lincoln's -long desire. The scene of action was now to be forced away from the -National Capital. On a bright morning in November, the men who had -served under McClellan marched in three grand divisions to their new -campaign. The Rappahannock was reached on the seventeenth, but the -bridge across the river had been destroyed by the Confederates who were -intrenched in Fredericksburg on the opposite bank. Pontoons promised by -the Government had not yet arrived. "Where are my pontoons?" wired -Burnside. "They will start to-morrow," came the reply from the War -Department. It was the tenth of December before the engineers could -build their bridges and in the meantime ill-feeling had arisen between -Burnside and the Government. The fatal delay had enabled Lee to -concentrate his army on Marye's Heights, overlooking Fredericksburg. The -work of building five bridges across the Rappahannock was begun under a -drawn musketry fire from the opposite bank of the river. Nearly every -blow of a hammer cost a human life. Burnside ordered his artillerymen to -open fire on the city. Fredericksburg became a mass of ruins. This -photograph shows abutments of the destroyed bridge. The trees are -cropped short by the artillery fire from the Union guns. The Confederate -sharpshooters were concealed in the buildings on the opposite river -front. Burnside ordered his men to cross the river on a line of pontoon -boats. The sharpshooters were driven from their shelter while the bridge -building was completed. The river was crossed. At dawn, the twelfth of -September, both armies stood ready for combat. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ON THE RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER AFTER -DESTRUCTION OF BRIDGE TO FREDERICKSBURG IN 1862] - - - - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ALONG THE SUNKEN ROAD AT FREDERICKSBURG -AFTER THE BATTLE IN 1862] - -CONFRONTED by sheets of flame, the Union Army made its attack on -Fredericksburg on the morning of the thirteenth of December, in 1862. -The Confederates occupied the Heights with a line five and a half miles -long and fortified with earthworks and artillery. The Federals moved -through the town under a heavy fire of Confederate batteries. Marye's -Hill was protected at its base by a stone wall, back of which was a -sunken road, occupied by two brigades of Confederate infantry. The -charging columns of the Union Army were rushing across the open ground -under a fierce artillery fire when suddenly they were confronted by a -rain of lead from the sunken road back of the stone wall. Nearly half of -the charging column was shot down and the remainder fell back. Five -thousand more charged in the same manner. Some of them approached within -twenty yards of the wall, but fell back, leaving two thousand of their -number on the field. Twelve thousand men were again charged against -Marye's Heights, but scarcely four thousand returned. The Union ranks -were depleted by 12,355, while the Confederates held their position with -a loss of but 4,576, and the Federal Army withdrew across the -Rappahannock and Lee held Fredericksburg. - - - - -[Illustration: ARTILLERY DEFENSES ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF FREDERICKSBURG -IN 1862] - -[Illustration: FIGHTING GROUND ALONG THE CHICKASAW BAYOU] - -[Illustration: POISONED SPRING OF CHICKASAW BAYOU] - -[Illustration: MEDICAL CORPS OF ARMY OF POTOMAC IN CAMP UNDER SURGEON -JONATHAN LETTERMAN] - -THE end of 1862, in the Civil War, found the army in the East in camp at -Falmouth, Virginia, after severe reverses. In the Southwest a vigorous -campaign was being waged by the heroes of Iuka and Corinth, Mississippi. -Grant was in supreme command of the Federal corps in northern -Mississippi. A movement was in operation against Vicksburg. Sherman was -attempting to get into the rear of the city by the Chickasaw Bayou road -which ran from the Yazoo battlefield to the Walnut Hills, six miles -above the city. His column of thirty thousand men was defeated and -driven back with dreadful slaughter on the twenty-eighth and -twenty-ninth of December. Rosecranz was established at Nashville, while -Bragg was putting his men into winter huts at Murfreesboro, Tennessee. -The Federal troops enjoyed Christmas in camp and on the following -morning, in a cold rain, the Army of the Cumberland advanced to Stone -River where it enters the Cumberland River just above Nashville. At -sunrise on the last day of 1862, Rosecranz's army met Bragg's forces -with a deafening roar of artillery and musketry that fairly caused the -earth to tremble. The fighting on both sides was of a determined -character. The fields were literally covered with dead and dying men. -Victory was claimed by both the Federals and the Confederates. -Photographs are here shown of Chickasaw Bayou and the deadly Poison -Spring on the battlefield; also an excellent portrait of the medical -corps of the Army of the Potomac, in camp under charge of Dr. Jonathan -Letterman, a prominent battlefield surgeon. - - - - -EVERY AMERICAN citizen pledges his "life, fortune and sacred honor" to -the truth that "all men are created free and equal," and that they are -endowed by their Creator, with certain "unalienable rights." It was -fidelity to this oath, as sacred as life itself, that led the American -people to rush "to arms" to defend it. - -The mobilization of a volunteer army, of freemen born and bred in the -arts of peace, never was known until the new Republic of the Western -Hemisphere championed the cause of Liberty and common manhood. -Battle-trained monarchies declared that it could not be maintained; that -the hundreds of thousands of men who were offering their services to -their country could never stand the severe exposures and deprivations of -warfare. The tongues of the Nations knew not what they were talking. -These men were fighters, not by training or nature, but by an honest -impulse of the heart they were patriots. It was not love of adventure -that urged the strongest men of the North to leave home and family and -shoulder a musket under the Stars and Stripes; nor was it a brutal love -of combat that marshalled the best manhood of the South to the flag of -the Confederacy. It was an impulse that no people had ever before felt. -It was a sense of justice that was early kindled in the American Heart -with the first tidings of the Declaration of Independence. - - -[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL AMBROSE EVERETT BURNSIDE ON HIS HORSE ON -THE BATTLEFIELD IN 1863 - -One day during the interval between the defeat at Fredericksburg, -Virginia, and the siege at Knoxville, Tennessee, General Burnside was -mounted on his favorite charger, viewing his army maneuvers in the -distance, when one of the Brady cameras was brought into focus and, with -the General's permission, the negative was secured--General Burnside -valued this photograph highly] - - -While the anguish of the Civil War was brooding over the Nation, -mountain and valley, plain and forest, farm and factory--from ocean to -ocean--offered its strongest manhood in defense of the country. New -York, the largest state in the Western World, sent the greatest number -of men to the line of battle--448,850; then came Pennsylvania with -337,936; Ohio with 313,180, and Illinois with 259,092. Indiana came to -the front with 196,363; Massachusetts with 146,730, and Missouri brought -109,111. - -Wisconsin offered 61,327 of her sons; Michigan, 87,364; New Jersey, -76,814; Iowa, 76,242; Kentucky, 75,760; Maine, 70,107, and Connecticut, -55,864. - -Maryland marched under the Stars and Stripes with 46,638; New Hampshire -with 33,937, Vermont with 33,288; West Virginia, 32,068; Tennessee, -31,092; Minnesota with 24,020; Rhode Island, 23,236, and Kansas, 20,149. - -From the Pacific Coast, California answered with 15,725; District of -Columbia contributed 16,534 to the support of the Government; Delaware -furnished 12,284 men; Arkansas, 8,289; New Mexico, 6,561. The Southern -State of Louisiana, dear to the heart of the Confederacy, came to the -support of the Union with 5,224; Colorado with 4,903; Nebraska, 3,157; -North Carolina, 3,156; Alabama, 2,576. The border state of Texas sent -1,965; far-away Oregon, 1,810; Florida, 1,290; Nevada, 1,080; Washington -gave 964; Mississippi, 545, and Dakota, 206. These are the contributions -of the states. The Negro Race, the freedom of which was one of the -results of the War, supported their cause with 186,097 troops, while the -Indian Nation sent 3,530. In the regular army there were enlisted during -the War about 67,000 men. There were thousands of brave soldiers who -fought in the Civil War, claiming no Commonwealth as their home, but who -joined the ranks as Common Americans. - -The spirit which animated the American People is shown by several -occasions when troops were needed to avert impending disaster, and they -poured into the army from remote states with incredible speed. The year -1863 witnessed the battles of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, of -Vicksburg and Chickamauga and Chattanooga. It was the turning point in -the struggle and Brady's cameras caught many of the most dramatic scenes -worthy of reproduction. - - - - -"FIGHTING Joe" Hooker is one of the notable figures of the Civil War. -When a boy of fourteen years, he entered West Point and served in the -Mexican War in the same regiment with "Stonewall" Jackson. His early -life was crowded with hard fighting and when thirty-nine years of age he -resigned from the army and went to California, where he became -superintendent of the National Road and also entered into agriculture. -He answered the call to arms in 1861 and entered into the defense of -Washington. During the battles around Fair Oaks, Hooker led his men -courageously into many daring positions. His bravery at Malvern Hill -gave him the rank of major-general, and at Antietam he fell wounded -before the Confederate guns while trying to force the army into a -complete surrender. He commanded the center at Fredericksburg. On the -twenty-sixth of January, 1863, he was appointed to the command of the -Army of the Potomac and began its thorough reorganization. On the -twenty-eighth of April he crossed the Rappahannock and arrived at -Chancellorsville two days later. On the second of May, a fearful -onslaught was made by "Stonewall" Jackson--his old comrade of the -Mexican War as a foe. "Stonewall" Jackson was wounded by one of his own -sentinels. His men, who were devoted to him, lost heart, and, after a -battle of three days, Hooker succeeded in withdrawing his army in -safety, after losses in killed, wounded and missing of 16,030 against a -Confederate loss of 12,281. This photograph of Hooker and his staff was -taken shortly after this battle at Chancellorsville. Hooker may be seen -sitting in the second chair from the right. This is considered an -excellent likeness of the warrior. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN SHORTLY AFTER THE BATTLE OF -CHANCELLORSVILLE IN 1863--MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER AND STAFF] - - - - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ALONG LINE OF CONFEDERATE PRISONERS -AFTER CAVALRY CHARGE IN 1863] - -THE retreat from Chancellorsville began on the fourth of May, in 1863. -In the midst of a pouring rain, with ammunition wagons and cavalry -struggling hub-deep through the mud, the Federals moved back to the -Rappahannock. The ponderous batteries, with heavy wheels wrapped in -blankets, passed over the road. Then came the ordnance supply trains, -swathed in strips of cloth, followed by columns of hurrying infantry. -During the remainder of May, neither of the armies assumed an offensive -attitude. Lee, now in high hopes, began preparations for a second -invasion in Maryland. Panic again seized the people of the North. -Lincoln called on Pennsylvania for 50,000 militia; Ohio, 30,000; New -York, 20,000; Maryland and Virginia, 10,000 each. The Army of the -Potomac had lost all of its two years' service men and its strength did -not reach 100,000. The Confederacy had been endeavoring for months to -induce England to recognize it as a separate nation, but learned that it -must first conquer Northern territory. Lee's movements began early in -June and resulted in frequent skirmishes as he approached the Potomac. -This photograph was taken immediately after one of these encounters at -Aldie, Virginia, on the seventeenth of June, 1863. The Confederate -cavalry, under "Jeb" Stuart, was guarding the passes of the Bull Run -mountains and watching Hooker's Army. There was a succession of cavalry -combats and many Confederates were taken prisoners. This view shows a -group of Confederates under a Union guard composed largely of negro -soldiers. - - - - -IN the stirring scenes of war there is nothing more exciting than to see -a battery take position in battle. On the sixth of June, in 1863, this -picture was secured by the government photographers just as the -artillery was going into action on the south bank of the Rappahannock -River. It is one of the earliest attempts to secure a photograph at the -instant of motion and was taken at a strategic moment during Sedgwick's -reconnaissance. An artilleryman who remembers the day says that while a -battery has not the thrill of the cavalry charge, nor the grimness of a -line of bayonets moving to slaughter, there is an intense emotion about -it that brings the tears to the eyes and the cheers to the throats of -battle-scarred veterans. Every horse on the gallop, every rider lashing -his team and yelling; through ugly clumps of bushes; over fallen logs -and falling men--the sight is one that can never be forgotten. The guns -jump from the ground as the heavy wheels strike a rock or lunge from a -ditch, but not a horse slackens his pace, not a cannoneer loses his -seat. Six guns, six caissons, sixty horses, eighty men race for the brow -of the hill. Boom! Boom! The ground shakes and trembles. The roar shuts -out all sound from a line several miles long. Shells shriek through the -swamps, cutting down great trees, mowing deep gaps in regiments of men. -It is like a tornado howling through the forest, followed by billows of -fire. There are men to-day who will look upon this picture and live -again the scenes which it recalls. Artillery is the great support of -armies and often saves them from defeat. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS ARTILLERY WAS GOING INTO ACTION ON -THE RAPPAHANNOCK IN 1863] - - - - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE CAPTAIN GEORGE A. CUSTER AND -MAJOR-GENERAL ALFRED PLEASONTON WERE AT BRANDY STATION, VIRGINIA, IN -1863] - -THERE have been few men in American wars more daring than General George -A. Custer. As a cavalryman, he won a place in military history by his -bravery. Custer was a captain on the staff of General Pleasonton during -the operations early in 1863. This photograph was taken near Brandy -Station, Virginia, in June, 1863. It shows Custer on his black war-horse -conferring with Pleasonton who is astride a gray charger. The -Confederate cavalry had succeeded in breaking a part of the Federal -rank. Pleasonton turned in his saddle and called to Custer: "Ride to our -right and get the battery in position to reply to these infernal guns." -Custer spurred his horse into the thunder of cannon and the crash of -musket and carbine volleys. "The man is lost," muttered Pleasonton. -Suddenly, emerging from the bank of smoke, the Union batteries wheeled -into view under the rapid fire. Custer dashed across the field. From -that moment he became a notable figure in the war. He was then but -twenty-three years of age, but was immediately appointed by Lincoln a -brigadier-general of volunteers. In speaking of him, General Pleasonton -said: "I regard Custer as one of the finest cavalry officers in the -world, and, therefore, have placed him in command of what is no doubt -the best cavalry brigade in the world." Custer was about six feet tall, -with sharp blue eyes, and light hair hanging over his shoulders. He had -a slight impediment in his speech and uttered a shrill yell as he rushed -like an avalanche at his foe. He wore a black velvet jacket, slouched -hat and a red scarf cravat. - - - - -THE Army of the Potomac lay massed about the city of Frederick. Lee was -rushing toward the Susquehanna. Hooker disagreed with Halleck at -Washington regarding his method of attack and resigned his command, -requesting instant release from further responsibility. Lincoln accepted -the resignation and appointed General George G. Meade to the chief -command. In the midst of this momentous campaign the great army changed -leaders. This photograph was taken shortly after Meade began his -operations. It shows him with his generals of the Army of the Potomac. -Meade occupies the chair in the center of the picture. At this time he -was about forty-eight years of age. He had graduated from West Point -when nineteen years old, but resigned the following year and remained -out of the army for the next six years, but returned in the period -preceding the Mexican War, after which he was engaged in the survey of -the northern lakes. He was one of the first to respond to the call in -1861. He took part in the early engagements of the Army of the Potomac -and was in the Battle of Mechanicsville and Gaine's Mills and the Battle -of Newmarket Crossroads. When Hooker was wounded at Antietam, Meade took -charge of a corps and continued the brave fight during the remainder of -the day. He had two horses killed under him and was slightly wounded, -but did not leave the field. At Fredericksburg he led his men boldly to -the Confederate works. In the Battle of Chancellorsville, Meade's corps -carried the earth-works and fought fearlessly. On the twenty-eighth day -of June, in 1863, Meade assumed command of the Army of the Potomac. The -tide of battle seemed to turn with his appointment and his victories are -almost unparalleled. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHEN MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE G. MEADE -COMMANDED THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC] - - - - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ON THE FIELD OF GETTYSBURG AFTER THE -BATTLE IN 1863] - -THE turning point of the Civil War is the Battle of Gettysburg. From -that day the Confederate cause began to wane. Few battles of modern -times show such great percentage of loss. Out of the one hundred and -sixty thousand men engaged on both sides, forty-four thousand were -killed or wounded. Brady's cameras reached the field of battle in time -to perpetuate some of its scenes. The ghastliness of the pictures is -such that it is with some hesitation that any of them are presented in -these pages. It is on the horrors of war, however, that all pleas of -peace are based. Only by depicting its gruesomeness can the age of -arbitration be hastened. It is with this in mind that this photograph is -here revealed. There is probably not another in existence that witnesses -more fearful tragedy. The photograph is taken on the field of Gettysburg -about nineteen hours after the last day's battle. It shows a Union -soldier terribly mutilated by a shell of a Confederate gun. His arm is -torn off and may be seen on the ground near his musket. The shell that -killed this soldier disemboweled him in its fiendishness. This picture -is as wonderful as it is horrible and should do more in the interest of -peace than any possible argument. Something of the bloodshed on the -battlefield of Gettysburg may be understood when it is considered that -the battlefield, which covered nearly twenty-five square miles, was -literally strewn with dead bodies, many of them mutilated even worse -than the one in this picture. The surviving veterans of Gettysburg have -seen war's most horrible aspects. Gallant and daring commanders led -those brave men in that three days' inferno, from the first to the third -of July, in 1863. - - - - -[Illustration: BOROUGH OF GETTYSBURG IN 1863--SCENE OF ONE OF WORLD'S -GREATEST CONFLICTS] - -[Illustration: MEADE'S HEADQUARTERS ON CEMETERY RIDGE] - -GETTYSBURG witnessed some of the hardest fighting that the world has -ever seen. This photograph was taken a short time after the battle in -1863. This little borough became a field of carnage. In the surrounding -hills occurred the terrific conflict of Big Round Top and Little Round -Top, Seminary Ridge and Cemetery Ridge, and Culp's Hill, the Bloody -Wheatfield and Peach Orchard. A view is given of the little house in -which General Meade made his headquarters. On the first day of battle -this house was in direct range of the artillery fire rained by the -Confederates on the Union lines just before Pickett's great charge. The -horses of General Meade's aides were hitched to the fence and trees near -the house. Sixteen of these horses were killed during the artillery -fire, and their dead bodies are seen in the road. - -[Illustration: LEE'S HEADQUARTERS ON SEMINARY RIDGE] - - - - -[Illustration: DEAD ARTILLERY HORSES AFTER FIGHT AT TROSTLE'S HOUSE AND -BARN IN GETTYSBURG] - -[Illustration: CONFEDERATE DEAD ON GETTYSBURG "WHEATFIELD"] - -SOME knowledge of the slaughter of Gettysburg may be gained by this -picture of Trostle's house and barn at which was stationed a Union -battery of light artillery. This view shows where the guns stood. -Sixty-five of the eighty-eight artillery horses were left dead on the -field. About this time, on the last day of the greatest battle of the -war, Pickett made his fierce charge, which is one of the mightiest in -history. It was witnessed by the two great armies in the middle of the -afternoon of a summer day--a most spectacular tragedy of magnificent -courage. It has been said that Gettysburg was the common soldier's -battle and that its great results were due, not so much to military -strategy as to the intelligent courage and the magnificent heroism of -the brave soldiers. - -[Illustration: SHATTERED CAISSON--GETTYSBURG "PEACH ORCHARD"] - - - - -[Illustration: DEAD AMONG THE ROCKS OF LITTLE ROUND TOP ON GETTYSBURG -BATTLEFIELD] - -[Illustration: DEAD SHARPSHOOTER IN "DEVIL'S DEN" ON LITTLE ROUND TOP AT -GETTYSBURG] - -[Illustration: UNCOVERED CONFEDERATE GRAVE AT GETTYSBURG] - -GETTYSBURG is the "Waterloo of the American Continent." A photograph is -here shown of the dead soldiers lying on the battlefield. To silence -Hazlett's Battery, which was posted on the summit of Little Round Top, -the Confederates pushed their sharpshooters among the rocks in the -mountain. A few hours before these photographs were taken one of these -sharpshooters mortally wounded General Weed, who was directing the -movement of his troops from the summit. Lieutenant Hazlett, who was an -old schoolmate of the fallen general, was commanding the battery and -hastened to take the dying words of his friend and comrade, when he, -too, fell dead, pierced by a bullet from the dread sharpshooters. Like a -flash the guns of the battery were turned on the "Devil's Den" from -which came the fatal shots as this picture attests. - -[Illustration: CONFEDERATE DEAD IN "WHEATFIELD" AT GETTYSBURG] - - - - -[Illustration: EARTHWORKS AT CULP'S HILL AT GETTYSBURG IN 1863] - -[Illustration: TENTS ALONG RIVER FRONT AT VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI, IN -1863] - -[Illustration: BATTLEFIELD OF BIG BLACK RIVER IN MISSISSIPPI IN 1863] - -AS the tide of battle drifted to the West in 1863, the war photographers -hurried to the region of the Mississippi. Grant had been pursuing his -operations toward Vicksburg. With Sherman and McClernand, he was -maneuvering to take the key to the South by storm. A photograph is here -shown of Champion Hills near Big Black River territory, on the outskirts -of Vicksburg, where the armies first met. The Confederates held a strong -line of earthworks on the eastern bank of the river. The Federals, -before a heavy fire of musketry, crossed a ditch, delivered a terrific -volley, and clambered over the breastworks with empty muskets. The -Confederates, in falling back, found that their comrades had set fire to -both of the bridges and were compelled to surrender. Two thousand -prisoners, eighteen pieces of artillery, six thousand stand of small -arms, and many commissary stores were captured. General Lawler's Brigade -led the charge. The battle lasted four hours. On the eighteenth of May, -1863, the Federals began crossing the Big Black by felling trees on both -banks so that they tumbled into the river and interlaced, using bales of -cotton instead of boats. On the morning of the twenty-second, with -furious cannonading, the last assault on the defences of Vicksburg was -made. This campaign is a remarkable military exploit. In twenty days -Grant crossed the Mississippi River with his entire force, moved into -the rear of Vicksburg, fought and won four distinct battles, captured -the State Capitol, and destroyed the Confederate arsenals and -manufactories. His troops marched one hundred eighty miles with only -five days' rations from the quartermaster, and captured over six -thousand prisoners, twenty-seven cannon and sixty-one field pieces. All -this was accomplished by forty thousand brave men against sixty -thousand. - - - - -[Illustration: BOMB-PROOF CAMP IN UNION LINES IN FRONT OF VICKSBURG] - -[Illustration: BEHIND THE ENTRENCHMENT AT BATTERY SHERMAN BEFORE -VICKSBURG] - -THE Confederate works held by Pemberton at Vicksburg were seven miles -long. Grant's lines about the city extended over fifteen miles. -Commander Porter brought down all his mortar boats on the Mississippi -and began a fusilade of six thousand mortar shells a day, while the land -batteries threw four thousand. In the meantime, famine stalked through -Vicksburg on the thirty-sixth day of the siege. Mule and dog meat, with -bean flour and corn coffee formed the daily fare. The earth trembled -under the concussions from the Army and Navy cannon and the entire -forest was set on fire. The Confederate general, on the morning of July -third, proposed an armistice, preparatory to recapitulation. Grant met -the Confederate commander under an oak tree. At ten o'clock on the -morning of July fourth, General Logan began a march into Vicksburg and -hoisted the American ensign over the court-house. The fall of Vicksburg -and the defeat of Lee at Gettysburg occurred on the same day and lifted -the hearts of the Northern people to a sense of thanksgiving, for it was -believed that the war was now over. During the siege the Confederate -loss was fifty-six thousand men. Grant captured more than sixty thousand -muskets, light and heavy artillery, with a vast amount of other -property, such as locomotives, cars, steamboats and cotton. The Federal -loss during the siege was about 9,000 killed, wounded and missing. The -war cameras followed the Union Army into the captured city and the old -negatives vividly picture the conditions. A camera was taken to the -bomb-proof quarters of Logan's Division and into Battery Sherman. These -negatives are here reproduced. About this same time several cameras were -taken into the far South and one of the first negatives was taken at Big -Black River Station in Mississippi and another at New Orleans when the -commissioned officers of the 19th Iowa Infantry were being brought in -from Camp Ford, Texas, as exchanged prisoners of war. - -[Illustration: PRISONERS OF WAR FROM TEXAS] - -[Illustration: BIG BLACK RIVER STATION IN MISSISSIPPI] - - - - -[Illustration: BOMB-PROOF AT FORT WAGNER UNDER HEAVY FIRE IN 1863] - -THE Government at Washington believed that it was now time to secure the -reparation for the firing on Fort Sumter which had precipitated the War. -Sumter, during the entire conflict had been the center of a radius of -forts which now had over three hundred guns mostly of the heaviest -caliber. It held a strong position on the Atlantic Coast and protected -the land movements about South Carolina. Fort Sumter barred the main -channel. On Sullivan's Island were Fort Moultrie, Fort Beauregard, -Battery Bee and sand bag batteries at the extremity. On James Island -stood Fort Johnson, Fort Ripley and smaller forts. Castle Pinckney lay -in front of the city, and on Morris Island there were Battery Gregg, -Fort Wagner, and a battery on Lighthouse Inlet. All the channels were -blocked with huge iron chains, and an immense hawser buoyed with empty -casks, extended from Fort Sumter to Fort Ripley, the entire harbor being -blocked with torpedoes. Brady's cameras lay in the Union lines and -occasionally were ventured toward the Confederate fortifications. Many -negatives of exteriors were obtained at a distance. After the forts fell -into the Government control the cameras were taken behind the -breast-works. These remarkable negatives are now exhibited and reveal -the secrets of the Confederates. The picture of the bomb-proof at Fort -Wagner, under heavy fire in 1863, reveals the ingenuity of the engineers -in both armies in utilizing every available substance in protecting the -soldiers. The Confederates constructed many strong fortifications and -they fell only under the severest bombardment from the heaviest guns of -the Federal troops. - -[Illustration: FORT JOHNSON ON JAMES' ISLAND IN 1863] - -[Illustration: FORT MARSHALL ON SULLIVAN'S ISLAND IN 1863] - -[Illustration: INTERIOR OF FORT MOULTRIE ON SULLIVAN'S ISLAND] - - - - -[Illustration: 300-POUNDER PARROTT GUN IN BATTERY STRONG AFTER BURSTING -OF MUZZLE] - -[Illustration: BATTERY BROWN--TWO 8-INCH PARROTT RIFLES, ONE OF WHICH -BURST DURING BOMBARDMENT] - -[Illustration: FIVE 10-INCH SIEGE MORTARS IN BATTERY REYNOLDS FIRING -AGAINST FORT SUMTER] - -[Illustration: NAVAL BATTERY OF TWO 80-P0UNDER WHITWORTH'S--BREECHING -BATTERY AGAINST FORT SUMTER] - - - - -[Illustration: SECTION OF BIRCHMEYER'S BATTERY IN SECOND PARALLEL] - -[Illustration: FORT SUMTER IN RUINS AFTER BOMBARDMENT IN 1863] - -[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL QUINCY A. GILLMORE AND STAFF IN 1863] - -EARLY in 1863 the Government decided that Fort Sumter must be reduced. -Admiral Dahlgren was given full charge of the undertaking. On the -eighteenth of July, the land forces under General Quincy A. Gillmore -began siege. He erected batteries across Morris Island and commenced -fire on Fort Wagner while Dahlgren attacked both Fort Wagner and Fort -Sumter. Fort Wagner responded with only two guns which led Gillmore to -believe that the Confederates were demoralized. The Federal troops were -within two hundred yards of the fort before the Confederates opened -grape fire. A flash of musketry blazed from the parapet. The daring -Federals rushed at the fort and clambered up the exterior slope. It was -here that Joseph Alvan Wooster, color bearer for the Sixth Connecticut, -performed the valiant deed that cost him his life. He climbed along in -advance of the line and triumphantly placed his flag on the parapet. A -Confederate soldier sprang forward and placed the muzzle of his musket -on Wooster's heart and fired. General Putnam rushed to the rescue with a -brigade, only to be killed, with nearly every commissioned officer in -his command. The remnants of Strong's and Putnam's command retired, -having lost over half of their strength. General Gillmore, and his -staff, in charge of the land forces at Charleston allowed the war -photographers to turn the lens on them in camp. The general was born in -Black River, Loraine County, Ohio, and had graduated from West Point. In -1861 he was placed on General W. T. Sherman's staff on the South -Carolina Expedition. During February, 1862, he commenced operations for -the attack of Fort Pulaski, on the Savannah River, Georgia. On April 28, -1862, he was promoted to a brigadier-generalship of volunteers. In -September, 1862, he was ordered to the West as Commander of the District -of Western Virginia, of the Department of the Ohio. He was afterwards -assigned to the command of one of the Divisions of the Army of Kentucky. -He assumed command of Department of South Carolina June 12, 1863. - - - - -[Illustration: THE 8-INCH PARROTT RIFLE GUN. "SWAMP ANGEL" AFTER -BURSTING] - -ON the ninth of August the Federal cannon were within three hundred and -thirty yards of Fort Wagner and the guns were trained on Fort Sumter and -Battery Gregg. General Gillmore had a small battery placed in a marsh -west of Morris Island, on which was an eight-inch Parrott Gun nick-named -the "Swamp Angel." It had a range of five miles and threw its enormous -shells into the city of Charleston. The Confederate fortifications were -reinforced by General Beauregard and maintained a continuous fire from -over two hundred guns. On the seventeenth of August, Gillmore had twelve -heavy guns on Morris Island, and the simultaneous assault by batteries -and infantry was directed against Fort Sumter. For seven days this -terrible fusilade continued. Over one hundred thousand shells and shot -were thrown into the fort which was battered into ruins. The bombardment -of Fort Sumter was begun on the fifth of September and continued for -forty-two hours. An assault was planned for the ninth, but when daylight -came it was found that several forts were abandoned. It was supposed -that Fort Sumter was tenantless. A boat load of soldiers was sent to -take possession. As they landed, a terrific volley of musketry was -fired. The Confederates fought like tigers from covered positions in the -ruins of the fort. The Federals abandoned the attempt without further -molestation, satisfied with the destruction they had wrought and the -successful blockade of Charleston Harbor. The views engraved by the lens -on these pages lay the actual scenes of destruction before the eyes of -the world. The "Swamp Angel" was one of the demons of war. Piles were -driven, a platform was laid upon them, and a parapet was built with bags -of sand, fifteen thousand being required. All this had to be done after -dark, and occupied fourteen nights. Then, with great labor, the -eight-inch rifled gun was dragged across the swamp and mounted on this -platform. It was nearly five miles from Charleston, but by firing with a -high elevation was able to reach the lower part of the city. The -soldiers named this gun the "Swamp Angel." Late in August it was ready -for work, and, after giving notice for the removal of non-combatants, -General Gillmore opened fire, and produced great consternation, but at -the thirty-sixth discharge the "Swamp Angel" burst, and was never -replaced. - -[Illustration: BATTERED EXTERIOR OF FORT SUMTER] - -[Illustration: DESTRUCTION AFTER BOMBARDMENT OF SUMTER] - -[Illustration: WRECKED INTERIOR OF FORT SUMTER] - -[Illustration: DISMOUNTED CANNON AT FORT SUMTER] - - - - -[Illustration: DESTROYED RAILROAD BRIDGE, BRIDGEPORT, ALABAMA--PONTOON -IN COURSE OF CONSTRUCTION] - -[Illustration: BLOCKHOUSES AND ARMY BRIDGE ACROSS TENNESSEE RIVER NEAR -CHATTANOOGA] - -[Illustration: ON BATTLEFIELD OF CHICKAMAUGA CREEK--LEE AND GORDON'S -MILLS] - -WHEN Vicksburg fell, the cheering along the Federal lines in the -Mississippi Campaign aroused the attention of the Confederate pickets -until it was carried clear through to Louisiana, where the Confederate -forces were concentrated at Port Hudson. General Banks had succeeded -Butler at New Orleans and was co-operating with Grant on the Mississippi -to take possession of the Red River region and expel the Confederate -forces from Louisiana and Texas. The siege of Port Hudson had been hard -fought. The Confederates under General Gardner agreed that if Vicksburg -had fallen their surrender was the only thing left for them. On the -ninth of July, in 1863, the Confederate general at Port Hudson with -visible emotion tendered his sword. It was declined because his bravery -entitled him to retain it. The Federals were now in the entire -possession of the Mississippi. While Grant's Army had been pounding at -the gates of Vicksburg, Rosecranz was maneuvering with Bragg at -Murfreesboro, Tennessee. For six months these two armies stood -confronted, but met only in severe skirmishes. Rosecranz compelled Bragg -to fall back from one place to another. He was driven through middle -Tennessee, to Bridgeport, Alabama, where he crossed the Tennessee River, -burned the bridge behind him and entered Chattanooga. The Brady cameras -were in the Union lines and arrived in time to secure this negative of -the ruined bridge and the pontoon bridge that was being built by the -Union forces in pursuit of Bragg. A clash came at Chickamauga, a point -about twelve miles from Chattanooga, on the nineteenth and twentieth of -September, in 1863. It has been called the greatest battle of the West. -The cannonading and the musketry was at close range and the Federal -lines were being swept back when General Thomas and his men made the -heroic stand that saved the Federal Army from destruction, after a loss -of 15,851, killed, wounded and missing. The Confederate victory was -gained at the cost of 17,804. - - - - -[Illustration: BATTLEGROUND OF MISSIONARY RIDGE NEAR CHATTANOOGA, -TENNESSEE, TWO DAYS AFTER BATTLE] - -[Illustration: CONFEDERATE PRISONERS AT CHATTANOOGA] - -CHICKAMAUGA has been called the greatest battle in the West. When the -smoke of the conflict had lifted, the war photographers found the -Federal Army closed up in Chattanooga. The Confederate general moved to -cut off all communication to the Federal lines, seizing roads, -destroying the bridges and preventing access to Nashville where the base -of supplies had been located. The Army of the Cumberland was reduced to -the verge of starvation. Not less than 10,000 horses and mules perished. -Grant was given command of the department of the Mississippi, comprising -the armies and departments of the Ohio, Tennessee and Cumberland. He -telegraphed to Thomas: "Hold Chattanooga at all hazards." The hero of -Chattanooga replied: "I will hold the town until we starve." - -[Illustration: BLOCKHOUSES NEAR CHATTANOOGA] - - - - -[Illustration: GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT IN MISSISSIPPI CAMPAIGN, 1863] - -[Illustration: "BATTLE ABOVE THE CLOUDS" ON LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN IN -TENNESSEE--ENGINEERS OF ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND IN CAMP] - -THE war cameras reached Nashville on the same day that Grant entered the -city, October 21, 1863, and followed him closely throughout the -campaign. Grant hurried to Chattanooga and found the troops without -shoes or clothing, and all food exhausted. He telegraphed to Burnside to -hold Knoxville and appealed to Admiral Porter at Cairo to send gunboats -to convey transports carrying rations from St. Louis for Sherman's Army, -which was moving up from the Mississippi. Bragg was entrenched on -Missionary Ridge, extending along the crest and across Chattanooga -Valley to Lookout Mountain. The Confederate fortifications were very -strong and their lines reached over the Raccoon Mountain. The war -cameras were taken to the foothills of Lookout Mountain, where an -engineers' brigade of the Army of the Cumberland was encamped. Grant -succumbed to appeals to stand before the camera and the negative is here -reproduced. The haggard expression on his face shows the tremendous -responsibility that rested upon him. On the twenty-third of November, in -1863, long lines of infantry moved forward and the heavy guns opened -fire. The Federal lines flashed across the valley sweeping everything -before them, pushing the Confederate skirmish line from their rifle -pits, to the foothills of Lookout Mountain. On the twenty-fourth, Grant -stood on the top of Orchard Knob, watching Hooker's men rush to the side -of Lookout Mountain, leaping from one rocky ledge to another, scrambling -over huge boulders, and through deep chasms in a rain of solid shot and -shell. They charged almost to the muzzle of the enemy's cannon, gaining -ground foot by foot, until at last they reached the foot of the -Palisades, and were finally lost in the mist that veiled the mountain. -For three hours the battle raged above the clouds. At sunset the mist -disappeared and moonlight fell on old Lookout. The Confederate forces -could be seen occupying the summit. Hooker's men scaled the Palisades. -The Confederates withdrew into the woods and sought the protection of -the night. At sunrise, on the twenty-fifth of November, these Kentucky -soldiers unfurled the Stars and Stripes. A great cheer arose from the -army in the valley. - - - - -THE Battle of Lookout Mountain is the most spectacular in history. It -was impossible to carry the war camera over its rugged heights. Had they -succeeded in getting to the summit, the mist that enveloped the valley -would have made it impossible to have secured a single scene of the -great conflict. The Federals occupied a strong position on the mountain, -looking across the Chattanooga Valley to Missionary Ridge, where Bragg -had concentrated his entire army. The twenty-fifth of November was a -magnificent day. Seldom has a battle begun under a brighter sun. The -Confederate artillery frowned from the summit of Missionary Ridge. The -glittering steel of Hooker's men flashed on Lookout Mountain. The -Cumberland veterans under Thomas were a solemn phalanx in the valley -while Sherman's compact lines were eager for the charge. On the top of -Orchard Knob stood Grant's bugler and the echoes of the "Forward" signal -fell into the valley, being taken up by the other buglers in melodious -refrain. Hooker's men moved down the eastern slope of Lookout Mountain, -sweeping across the valley in grand lines. Bragg's batteries were -centered on Sherman, who swept his men heroically forward over a -succession of low hills. - - -[Illustration: GENERALS GRANT, SHERMAN, SHERIDAN, HOOKER, HARNEY, DODGE, -GIBBON, POTTER, AT FORT SANDERS] - -[Illustration: CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY CAPTURED AT MISSIONARY -RIDGE--PARKED NEAR CHATTANOOGA] - - -UNDER fire from the Confederates, Corse's Brigade struggled desperately -for an hour and a half without gaining advantage, while Generals Loomis -and Smith took possession of Missionary Ridge. At two in the afternoon -occurred one of the most impressing spectacles ever witnessed on a -battlefield. Union soldiers with fixed bayonets rushed into the storm of -shell without firing a shot until after the skirmish line had been taken -and the Sixth Brigade swept over the Confederate rifle pits. The men -flung themselves to the earth to avoid the volleys of canister, grape -and musketry that were hurled upon them. At sunset Sherman held Bragg's -right in check; Hooker was driving at his left. The final assault on his -center was begun and in twenty minutes Missionary Ridge was belching -flames. Every Confederate gun and cannon was in action. The Federal -soldiers rushed into the very mouth of death, reaching the crest, -breaching the Confederate lines until they gave way and retreated. The -cannon which they abandoned were swung and turned upon them. The victory -had cost the Union Army 5,616, killed, wounded and missing, against a -Confederate loss of 8,684. - - - - -THE siege of Knoxville, Tennessee, was raised late in 1863. When the -news of Bragg's defeat at Chattanooga reached Longstreet, who was -besieging Knoxville, he knew that Grant would now send Burnside relief. -Bragg decided to carry the city by storm. The attack was to be made on -Fort Sanders, a Federal fort of great strength, containing twenty-six -guns. The Confederate columns forced their way through a network of wire -that had been wound from stump to stump, until they finally reached the -parapet. A Confederate officer sprang to the summit with the flag of his -regiment and demanded surrender. Pierced by a shower of bullets, his -body rolled into the ditch, his hand clutching the flagstaff. The -Confederates charged again only to be repulsed. Under a flag of truce -the fighting ceased while Longstreet's men carried away their dead, -dying and wounded. Grant had ordered twenty thousand men under General -Granger to the rescue of the besieged city, but they failed to start, -and Sherman hurried to the relief. He reached Knoxville on the fifth of -December and found the siege reduced and Longstreet had started for -Virginia. Sherman's troops had marched four hundred miles to fight at -Chattanooga, then marched one hundred and two miles to compel the -Confederates to retire from Knoxville. When the news reached the North, -Grant was hailed as the Nation's saviour. Congress bestowed upon him a -gold medal, while Bragg, the Confederate general, went down before a -storm of indignation in the South. One of the war cameras shortly after -the battle was placed on the parapet of Fort Sanders, and this negative -of the ruins was taken, showing the University of Tennessee. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN OVER THE RUINS AT KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE, -IN 1863, FROM FORT SANDERS] - - - - -[Illustration: LIBBY PRISON AT RICHMOND CROWDED WITH UNION PRISONERS IN -1864] - -[Illustration: ANDERSONVILLE PRISON WITH ITS "DEAD LINE" AND "BROOK"] - -IT is estimated that 188,000 Union soldiers and sailors endured the -hardships of the sixteen Confederate prisons during the Civil War. In -the prison yards are 36,401 graves. 11,599 of those released from -prisons died before reaching their homes, and 12,000 after reaching -home--making 60,000 lives sacrificed in Confederate prisons. Several -estimates place the deaths as high as 80,000. Strange as it may seem, -the war photographers succeeded in taking their cameras behind prison -walls. Three of these remarkable negatives are here revealed. The first -one was taken at Libby prison, Richmond, where most of the commissioned -officers were confined. In Libby, men were often shot for approaching -near enough to a window for a sentry to see their heads. The other two -were secured within the "dead line" at Andersonville prison in Georgia. -It was an open stockade with little or no shelter, covering about 30 -acres. The palisade was of pine logs 15 feet high, closely set together. -Outside of this, at a distance of 120 feet, was another palisade, and -between the two were the guards. About 20 feet from the inner stockade -was a railing known as the "dead line," and any prisoner who passed it -was instantly shot. A small stream flowed through the enclosure and -furnished the prisoners their only supply of water. The cook houses and -camp of the guards were placed on this stream, above the stockade. -Starvation and disease drove many of the prisoners mad and they wandered -across the "dead line" to end their misery. Fugitives were followed by -horsemen and tracked by a large pack of blood hounds. The crowded -condition of the prisons at the beginning of 1864 was appalling. There -were as many as 33,000 hungry and dying men confined in Andersonville at -one time, which gave a space of about four feet square to each man. Some -of the other Confederate prisons were at Salisbury, North Carolina, at -Florence, South Carolina, on Belle Island in the James River, at Tyler, -Texas, at Millen, Georgia, and at Columbia, South Carolina. At Belle -Isle the prisoners were packed so close that when they lay sleeping no -one could turn over until the whole line agreed to turn simultaneously. -While many imaginary pictures have been drawn from descriptions of -Andersonville, it has remained for the lens to to engrave the actual -scenes, and they are here perpetuated by the negatives. - -[Illustration: ANDERSONVILLE PRISON WITH ITS STOCKADE AND GUARD TOWERS] - - - - -AMERICANS are the most loyal people on the face of the earth. -Self-government encourages fidelity to Home and Country. In a nation -where the _citizens are the Government_, patriotism cannot die. Unfurl -the flag of a monarchy and there will be a dutiful reverence to it. -Unfurl the Stars and Stripes of the Republic and there will arise a -mighty ovation that thrills from the hearts of men--a spontaneous -outburst that has never been heard except under the Emblem of Freedom. -Liberty is everywhere the mother of patriots. - - -[Illustration: SURGEONS ADMINISTERING TO THE WOUNDED] - -[Illustration: LIVES SACRIFICED FOR THEIR COUNTRY] - -[Illustration: BURIAL OF THE DEAD HEROES] - -PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN ON THE BATTLEFIELDS DURING THE CIVIL WAR IN THE UNITED -STATES - - -In the Civil War the heart of American Citizenship was put to the test -and it was found "tried and true." The first call for volunteers came on -April 15, 1861 for 75,000 militia for three months, and 91,816 men -answered. The second call was on May 3, 1861, when Lincoln asked for -500,000 men and the reply was 700,680. The third call on July 2, 1862 -for 300,000 troops for three years' service to their country brought -421,465. The fourth call on August 4, 1862, for nine months' service met -the response of 87,588 men. Under the fifth proclamation, on June 15, -1863, for militia for six months' service, the ranks were recruited by -16,361 men. The calls of October 17, 1863, and February 1, 1864, brought -369,380 men. Under the call of March 14, 1864, came 292,193 men; between -April 23 and July 18, 1864, there were 83,612 mustered into the United -States' service. Lincoln's appeal to the manhood of the Nation on July -18, 1864 was met by 386,461 men. The last call for volunteers came on -December 19, 1864, and 212,212 patriots marched to the battle ground to -help strike the last blow of the conflict. The willingness with which -these men offered their lives to their country is the greatest tribute -that can ever be paid to American patriotism. After the disasters on the -Peninsula over 80,000 troops were enlisted, organized, armed, and -marched to the battleground within four weeks. An army of 90,000 -infantry came to the front from the five states of Ohio, Indiana, -Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin, within twenty days. In many instances -over 60,000 recruits fell into line in less than a month. At the last -moment of the War, and to the very scene of surrender, thousands of men -were pouring into the field. - -If the world could have looked upon the marvelous spectacle of all the -men who took part in the Civil War, marching five abreast, the -triumphant procession would have stretched from the Atlantic, across the -Continent, to the Pacific--a grand pageant of 1,696 regiments, six -companies infantry; 272 regiments, two companies cavalry; 78 regiments, -two companies artillery. The boys who wore the Gray could have -intercepted this procession by another magnificent pageant reaching from -the Canadian borders to the mountains of Mexico. - -The war cameras during 1864 were taxed to their utmost. It was the -hardest test that had ever been given the new science of photography. -The thrilling story of this closing year is told in the rare old -negatives in these pages--actual photographs taken at the scene of -battle. - - - - -THE last days of 1863 were inactive. The armies in the East were going -into winter quarters. Brady's men had experienced a hard year with their -cameras, but had perpetuated many tragic incidents. One of the cameras -was held in winter quarters at Rappahannock Station until early in 1864. -It was used in recording conditions in camp and one of its negatives is -here reproduced. This camp was occupied by the 50th New York Engineers. -It was the duty of these engineers to construct roads, bridges and -fortifications, and their services in the Civil War were of great -importance. An interesting feature of this photograph is the row of -pontoon boats on wheels. These pontoons are vessels, used to support the -roadway of floating bridges. The boats were a small, substantial frame -of wood, light of weight, and easily transported overland. By stretching -them across a river an army could begin its movement to the other side -within half an hour on reaching the banks. A pontoon train of the army -carries about one hundred yards of pontoon bridge for each army corps, -including the boats, roadway planks, etc. Early in the spring of 1864 -the skirmishing began for what promised to be the deadliest year of the -Civil War. Sherman organized his expedition in February against -Meridian, Mississippi, a position of great importance to the -Confederacy, as it controlled the railroad communications with Mobile -and Wilmington. Banks began his Red River expedition in March. Meade's -columns crossed the Rapidan River, in Virginia, in May. Grant was placed -in command of all the United States armies in the field on March 1, -1864, while Sherman was given command of Federal armies in the West. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN WINTER QUARTERS AT RAPPAHANNOCK -STATION, VIRGINIA, IN 1864] - - - - -THE first great conflict of 1864 occurred on the fifth of May when the -Army of the Potomac met Lee's forces in the Battle of the Wilderness. It -was a virgin forest of oak and pine, choked with dense undergrowth. The -Federal soldiers knew nothing of its entanglements, but the Confederates -had full knowledge of the roads and wagon paths intersecting the woods. -It was so dense that the troops found it necessary at times to move in -single file. The artillery and cavalry had great difficulty in getting -into the encounter, and in one of the sallies nearly all the men and -horses were killed. The battle was deadly. Regiments shot into their own -ranks as they fled through forest and undergrowth, becoming separated -from the main line. General Longstreet, of the Confederate Army, was -shot and severely wounded by his own men. Tremendous volleys of musketry -rang through the woods. Dead leaves and branches were swept with flames. -Men lost their way and wandered into the enemy's lines. So rapid was the -fire that the muskets became hot and blistered the fingers of the -soldiers. The losses in this great two-days' battle cannot be stated -accurately. One estimate places the Union killed, wounded and missing at -18,387 and the Confederate, 11,400. On the afternoon of the seventh of -May, Grant moved his army toward Spottsylvania Court House, fifteen -miles southeast of the Wilderness Battlefield, with the intent of -getting between the enemy and Richmond and compelling Lee to fight at a -disadvantage. It was during these maneuvers that this photograph was -taken while the artillery was stationed at the edge of the forest. The -negative was taken in the full light of the noonday sun in the Spring of -1864. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE ARTILLERY WAS AT EDGE OF WOODS -NEAR BATTLE OF WILDERNESS IN 1864] - - - - -[Illustration: GENERAL MEADE AND GENERAL SEDGWICK WITH STAFF OFFICERS AT -RAPPAHANNOCK STATION, MARCH, 1864] - -[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL G. K. WARREN AND STAFF AT BEVERLY HOUSE, -SPOTTSYLVANIA] - -[Illustration: LOOKING TOWARDS SPOTTSYLVANIA COURT HOUSE FROM BEVERLY -HOUSE, HEADQUARTERS OF GENERAL WARREN IN MAY, 1864] - -[Illustration: GERMANIA FORD, RAPIDAN RIVER, WHERE TROOPS CROSSED IN -GRANT'S CAMPAIGN AGAINST RICHMOND BEFORE BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS] - - - - -[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN SEDGWICK AND STAFF--SEDGWICK WAS -KILLED AT SPOTTSYLVANIA IN 1864] - -[Illustration: GENERALS OF THE CAVALRY CORPS--SHERIDAN, MERRITT, DAVIS, -GREGG, TORBERT AND WILSON] - -[Illustration: CONFEDERATE DEAD ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF SPOTTSYLVANIA -COURT HOUSE IN 1864] - -BOTH armies faced each other in full force at Spottsylvania Court House -in the forenoon of the ninth of May, 1864. The Brady cameras arrived -with the Government supply trains and perpetuated the historic scenes. -While the Union lines were placing their batteries, they were annoyed by -sharpshooters, and General Sedgwick was killed. His death was a great -loss to the Federals, just as Jackson's had crippled the Confederacy. -During the first day at Spottsylvania the Federals lost fully 10,000 -men, while the Confederates' loss was very nearly 9,000. The unburied -bodies of 3,000 men lay scattered along the slopes of the ridges and -under the trees. Out of the 200,000 Federals and Confederates who rushed -into battle on the fifth of May, 43,000 were either dead, wounded, or -prisoners, after three days of fighting. During the week the fighting -extended along the Fredericksburg road, Laurel Hill and Ny River, -reaching to Swift Creek and Cloyd's Mountain. The Army of the Potomac, -since it crossed the Rapidan River, had lost nearly one-fourth of its -men in the brief space of eight days, and now had a fighting force of -only 87,000. The photograph of the Confederate dead was taken near -Spottsylvania Court House, May 12, 1864, after Ewell's attack. - -[Illustration: SLING CART USED IN HAULING CAPTURED CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY -AT DREWRY'S BLUFF ON THE JAMES RIVER IN 1864] - - - - -[Illustration: DUTCH GAP CANAL ENTERING JAMES RIVER IN VIRGINIA--BUILT -UNDER SEVERE FIRE] - -[Illustration: OBSTRUCTIONS IN JAMES RIVER NEAR DREWRY'S BLUFF] - -[Illustration: CONFEDERATE FORT DARLING AT DREWRY'S BLUFF] - -[Illustration: AIKEN'S LANDING, WHERE PRISONERS WERE EXCHANGED] - -WHILE Grant was moving toward Richmond from the north, Butler was -forcing his way from Yorktown on the south, threatening Richmond from -the peninsula as McClellan had done two years before. It was at this -time that the photographs here shown were taken in May, 1864. Butler -succeeded in destroying part of the road from Petersburg to Richmond. He -received word that Lee was in full retreat for Richmond, with Grant -close upon his heels. One of the extreme southern positions in the -defense of Richmond was Fort Darling at Drewry's Bluff. On the -thirteenth of May, Butler succeeded in carrying a portion of the outer -lines, capturing a considerable amount of artillery, but on the -sixteenth he was repulsed and fell back upon Bermuda Hundred. A powerful -Confederate battery on the James River barred the bridge toward -Richmond. Butler conceived the idea of cutting a canal through the -narrow neck of land known as Dutch Gap for the passage of the monitors. -A photograph was taken of this canal, which was constructed under a -severe and continuous fire. The dredge and steam pump used were -bomb-proof. The greater part of the excavation was done by colored -troops, who sought cover, from the bombardment of the enemy, in earthen -dugouts that covered the site of the work. The canal was only 174 yards -long, 43 yards wide at the top, 27 yards at the water level, and 13 5/10 -yards at a depth of 15 feet below water level. It cut off 4-3/4 miles of -river navigation and the excavation was nearly 67,000 cubic yards. The -war photographers secured many negatives of these operations and several -of the most important ones are shown on these pages. One of them was -taken at Aiken's Landing, where the flag-of-truce boat from Richmond -came to discharge her cargo of poor, starved, and often dying Union -prisoners, and received in exchange the same number of healthy, well-fed -rebels from our guards. Two or three rough old canal boats, and the grim -old monitor there at anchor, but above all the glorious old Stars and -Stripes, and on the shore the loving hearts and kindly hands of friends. -The soldiers called it "the gate into God's country." - - - - -[Illustration: PONTOON BRIDGE AT JERICHO MILLS ON NORTH ANNA RIVER, -VIRGINIA] - -[Illustration: HEADQUARTERS OF GRANT AND MEADE AT MASSAPONAX CHURCH, -VIRGINIA] - -[Illustration: COUNCIL OF WAR AT MASSAPONAX CHURCH, VIRGINIA, IN -1864--GENERALS GRANT AND MEADE, ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF WAR DANA AND -STAFF OFFICERS] - -AFTER the battle of Spottsylvania Court House the war photographers -exposed many negatives, during the five days that the relative positions -of the two armies remained unchanged. Grant and Lee were engaged in -brilliant strategy. Grant had thrown out his left until it rested on -Massaponax Church. While the great General was in council of war at this -place on the twenty-first of May, 1864, a remarkable photograph was -taken. In the reproduction on this page it will be seen that the pews -have been brought out under the trees and the officers are gathered to -discuss the situation. Grant is sitting on the bench against the trees. -With him are General Meade, Assistant Secretary of War, Charles A. Dana, -and the staff officers. This was a critical time. The Union losses had -been heavy and Lee had not yet been outwitted. This photograph is of -much historic significance. In advance of Grant's movements, General -Sheridan had started on a raid, with 10,000 sabres, and reaching the -North Anna River, captured Beaver Dam Station, destroyed ten miles of -railroad track and three freight trains containing a million and a half -Confederate rations. Here he was fiercely assaulted by "Jeb" Stuart, but -he succeeded in crossing the North Anna River by Ground-Squirrel Bridge -and proceeded toward Richmond as far as Yellow Tavern, six miles from -the Confederate Capital. Stuart fell mortally wounded and died in the -city of Richmond. Sheridan then attempted to capture the works around -Richmond, and Custer crossed the first line and seized two pieces of -artillery and one hundred prisoners. Lee had fallen back from the North -Anna River and assumed a position still covering Richmond. A photograph -was taken of the pontoon bridge constructed across the North Anna River -at Jericho Mills, where General Warren's five corps crossed on the -twenty-third of May. The Federal base of supplies was shifted to the -White House on the Pamunkey River where the remainder of the Federal -Army crossed on the twenty-eighth of May, followed by the war cameras. - - - - -[Illustration: BATTLEFIELD AT RESACA, IN GEORGIA, MAY 13-16, 1864] - -[Illustration: BATTLEFIELD OF NEW HOPE CHURCH, IN GEORGIA, MAY 25 TO -JUNE 4, 1864] - -[Illustration: BATTLEGROUND ON KENESAW MOUNTAIN, GEORGIA, IN JULY, 1864] - -WHILE Grant was moving on toward Richmond, Sherman's armies of Arkansas, -Cumberland, Ohio and Tennessee, with 352,000 men distributed in many -garrisons over this wide expanse of territory, was moving against -Atlanta, Georgia. Opposed to Sherman was Lieutenant-General Joseph E. -Johnston, who commanded all the Confederate troops in the West, -including the men of Bragg's old army. Atlanta was of equal importance -with Richmond. It was a great railroad center and it contained the -Confederate depots, mills, foundries and the manufactories of military -supplies. Sherman had moved simultaneously with the Army of the Potomac, -on the second day of the Battle of the Wilderness. On the thirteenth of -May, Sherman's men met the Confederates at Resaca, Georgia. There was -brisk, sharp fighting all along the lines. On the night of the fifteenth -the Confederates abandoned the town and crossed the Oostenaula River, -setting fire to the bridges. At dawn of the sixteenth the Federals -entered Resaca and began a vigorous pursuit, and the camera recorded the -scene of the abandoned entrenchments. The fields across which the -Confederates withdrew may be seen in the distance. The Confederates -concentrated their forces near New Hope Church on the twenty-fifth, and -attacked the advancing Union troops but were driven back with heavy -loss. The war photographers here secured a photograph of the -entrenchments in the woods where there was continuous fighting for six -days. The Federal Army forced its way through the mountainous country to -the towering peaks of Kenesaw Mountain, Lost Mountain, and Pine -Mountain. On all these heights the Confederates had signal towers. The -outlying hills were occupied by batteries. The cameras were carried to -the heights of Kenesaw Mountain and taken into its entrenchments. -Sherman's troops climbed this slope, through its tangled wood and rifle -pits, in the face of a steady musketry and artillery fire. This really -ended the first movement of Sherman's campaign against Atlanta. -Sherman's losses during May and June were over 2,000 killed and 13,000 -wounded. Johnston's losses were about 1,200 killed and nearly 14,000 -wounded. During the fifty-four days, both armies were depleted by 3,200 -killed, 27,000 wounded. - - - - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE SKELETONS OF DEAD SOLDIERS WERE -BEING REMOVED SEVERAL MONTHS AFTER BATTLE OF COLD HARBOR] - -GRANT and Lee met at Cold Harbor in a desperate struggle on the first -day of June in 1864. The following day was occupied by a general massing -for the deadly encounter. Meade's army moved silently on the enemy at -daylight on the third and the result was the fiercest battle of the -entire war. There was a drizzling rain. The armies could hardly see the -faces of their antagonists. Not a shot was fired until they were upon -each other. One hundred thousand muskets simultaneously began their -murderous work at a range of sixty to seventy yards. Two hundred pieces -of artillery added to the deafening roar. It was the tragedy of -Fredericksburg and Gettysburg re-enacted. The Union soldiers pressed -toward the solid mass of lead and flame from the Confederate -entrenchments only to be forced back. At times they swept to the -breastworks against the torrents of musketry and mounted the parapets. -The assault lasted but twenty minutes and the Union Army lost in killed, -wounded and missing over 14,000 men; the Confederate loss has been -estimated at 1,700. The two armies stayed at Cold Harbor for ten days, -working on their field entrenchments, and fighting whenever either side -grew bold. Lee remained immovable in his entrenchments before Richmond -and on the afternoon of the sixteenth of June, Grant's army, horse, foot -and artillery, had crossed the James River. On the seventh of June the -dead were buried and the wounded gathered during an armistice of two -hours. This is a ghastly view, showing the process of collecting the -remains of Union soldiers who were hastily interred at the time of the -battle. This photograph was taken on the battlefield months after the -battle, when the Government ordered the remains gathered for permanent -burial. The grinning skulls, the boots still hanging on the bones, the -old canteen, all testify to the tragedy. - - - - -SHERMAN, in his campaign in Georgia in 1864, was much interested in the -cameras that followed his army and urged the photographer to take -negatives of every movement as his forces pushed the Confederates toward -Atlanta. On the morning of July 3, 1864, the Stars and Stripes fluttered -on the crest of old Kenesaw Mountain. All the Federal corps were in -rapid motion, and on Independence Day Sherman could distinguish the -houses of Atlanta only nine miles away. General Johnston withdrew into -the city and a storm of indignation swept the Confederacy. Johnston -resigned his command and was succeeded by General J. B. Hood. Sherman -set his troops in motion for the city on the seventeenth of July. On the -nineteenth, the troops were so near Atlanta, and were meeting such -feeble resistance that it was supposed the Confederates were evacuating, -until they poured out of their entrenchments and opened furious fire on -the north side of Peach Tree Creek. The war cameras were busily engaged -and one of the negatives is an abandoned Confederate fortification on -the road leading to Atlanta. A camera was taken into this fort shortly -after its capture by Sherman. It shows the extent to which the -Confederates had protected themselves. It is one of the rare pictures in -which chevaux-de-frise construction is shown. It is here seen that the -defense is a temporary obstruction by placing rails in a row with their -pointed ends directed against the enemy. They impeded the advance of the -foe and afforded cover for the defenders. During the conquest of Georgia -the Confederates were much awed by the Brady "what is it?" wagons. It is -the first time that field photography was witnessed in the far South. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT A CONFEDERATE FORT ON MARIETTA ROAD, -NEAR ATLANTA, GEORGIA, AFTER CAPTURE BY SHERMAN, SEPTEMBER 2, 1864] - - - - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ON THE LINES BEFORE ATLANTA, GEORGIA, IN -1864--GENERAL WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN AND STAFF] - -WHILE Sherman's Army was literally standing at the gates of Atlanta, -this photograph was taken. The great general was with his staff in a -Federal fort on the outlying hills. He was leaning on the breech of the -cannon in one of his most characteristic attitudes. At this time Sherman -was forty-four years of age. When sixteen years old he had entered West -Point as a cadet, through the influence of his father, who was a Supreme -Court judge in Ohio. At twenty years of age he entered the United States -regular army and during the Mexican War was engaged in service in -California. When thirty-three years of age, Sherman resigned from the -army and became President of the State Military Institute of Louisiana. -At the outbreak of the Civil War he left the South and offered his -services to the Union. He was a colonel at the Battle of Bull Run. After -that battle, when the Northern Army was reorganized, Sherman was -appointed Brigadier-General of Volunteers and commanded the Department -of the Cumberland. He demanded 200,000 men to reach the Gulf, but it was -refused and he was ordered into Missouri. He was for a time inactive but -came to the front again at Shiloh in command of a division under Grant. -His bravery secured his promotion to Major-General and he became active -in the campaign around Vicksburg. He then entered into the Mississippi -Campaign and led the forces against Atlanta, resulting in his famous -march to the sea. This photograph was taken on the eighteenth day of -July, in 1864, on the lines before Atlanta. Sherman was much interested -in the new science of photography and he always protected the cameras. - - - - -[Illustration: BATTLEFIELD OF PEACH TREE CREEK, GEORGIA, JULY 20, -1864--HOOD'S FIRST SORTIE NEAR ATLANTA] - -[Illustration: WHERE GENERAL MCPHERSON WAS KILLED, JULY 22, 1864, NEAR -ATLANTA--HOOD'S SECOND SORTIE] - -[Illustration: BATTLEFIELD AT ATLANTA, GEORGIA, JULY 22, 1864--HOOD'S -SECOND SORTIE] - -[Illustration: MILL AND RAILROAD DESTROYED BY CONFEDERATES ON EVACUATION -OF ATLANTA, SEPTEMBER 2, 1864] - - - - -[Illustration: CAPTAIN JOHN A. WINSLOW AND OFFICERS ON DECK OF -"KEARSARGE" ON RETURN TO AMERICA AFTER DESTRUCTION OF THE "ALABAMA" IN -THE ENGLISH CHANNEL] - -[Illustration: CONFEDERATE IRONCLAD RAM "TENNESSEE" CAPTURED AT MOBILE -BAY AUGUST 5, 1864, BY ADMIRAL FARRAGUT] - -ATLANTA was evacuated by the Confederates on the first day of September, -in 1864 after a long, hard siege. The formal surrender was made by the -Mayor on September second and the city became a military depot governed -by military law. During this campaign of four months the Federals lost -31,680 men; the Confederates 34,986. The war photographers secured many -negatives of the battlefields in the siege around Atlanta. A view is -here shown of Peach Tree Creek where the Federal loss was 1,710 and the -Confederate 4,796. Another camera was taken to the woods where the Union -general, McPherson, was killed in Hood's second sortie outside of the -city. The daring commander rode directly into the enemy's line, without -knowledge of danger. An interesting picture is that of the earth works -before Atlanta, during Hood's first sortie, in which the Union losses -were 3,641, and the Confederate 8,499. The destruction that was wrought -during the siege of Atlanta is perpetuated by many of these negatives. -While the armies were making these decisive blows, the "Kearsarge" 3,000 -miles away, met and sunk the Confederate ship, "Alabama," in the English -Channel on Sunday morning, June 19, 1864. The "Alabama" had been roaming -the seas nearly two years, capturing and burning American merchantmen. -Another important naval conflict occurred on the 5th of August when -Admiral Farragut gained possession of Mobile Bay, Alabama, and the war -cameras caught a picture of the rebel ram, "Tennessee," the ironclad -captured at that time by Farragut. - -[Illustration: DEVASTATION ON "MARCH TO THE SEA"] - -[Illustration: SHERMAN'S MEN DESTROYING RAILROAD] - - - - -[Illustration: CONFEDERATE DEFENSES AT CHATTAHOOCHIE RIVER BRIDGE, -GEORGIA, IN 1864] - -[Illustration: BATTLEGROUND OF ALLATOONA PASS, IN GEORGIA, OCTOBER 5, -1864] - -[Illustration: GENERAL U. S. GRANT AND STAFF AT CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, IN -AUGUST, 1864] - -WHILE the combined armies under Sherman lay in and around Atlanta until -October, 1864, the war photographers were used extensively. Fierce -encounters took place early in that month around Kenesaw Mountain and -along Allatoona Pass. During this famous encounter Sherman stood on the -top of Kenesaw. General Corse, who was leading the Union Division into -combat, sent him this message: "I am short a cheek-bone and one ear, but -am able to whip all hell yet." It was to this that Sherman made his -famous reply: "Hold the fort, for I am coming." Sherman began his famous -march to the sea on the fifteenth of November. As the columns left -Atlanta the Federal engineers applied their torches to the depot, -roundhouse, and the machine shops of the Georgia railroad. The columns -extended to the northern part of the city. Stores, warehouses, hotels, -and mills, with many private dwellings, were destroyed to the value of -more than three millions of dollars. Amid the fierce heat and roar -Sherman rode out of Atlanta on the afternoon of November 16th. The great -army for five consecutive weeks swept across Georgia. The 62,000 men, -20,000 horses and mules, marched 300 miles in a route from 20 to 60 -miles wide. The army captured twenty million pounds of corn and fodder, -three million rations of bread and meat, one million rations of coffee -and sugar and 350 miles of railroad track were destroyed. Sherman -estimated the property losses at over one hundred millions of dollars. -The Federal losses during the campaign were but 63 men killed on the -field, 245 wounded, and 259 missing. The Confederacy was severed and a -decisive step taken toward ending the Civil War. - - - - -[Illustration: DESTRUCTION FROM EXPLOSION OF ORDNANCE BARGES AT WHARVES -AT CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, AUGUST 9, 1864] - -WHILE Sherman was marching from Chattanooga, Tennessee, to Atlanta, -Georgia, on his famous march to the sea, Grant was laying siege on -Petersburg, Virginia, twenty-two miles south of Richmond. This was the -central point for five railroads, giving communication with the -Carolinas and Southern Virginia. Its possession by Federal troops would -cut off Richmond and force the evacuation of the Confederate Capital. -Lee was strongly intrenched around Petersburg. For a time during the -summer there was hot fighting every hour in the day and frequently far -into the night. The two armies were ready to fight to a finish. The -Union Army was preparing itself for the final stroke and the conflicts -were constant. It was during this campaign that the battles of New -Market Heights and Cedar Creek were fought and Sheridan made his famous -ride down the Shenandoah Valley to Winchester. Grant's base of supplies -was at City Point on the James River. On the ninth day of August, in -1864, there was an explosion of the ordnance barges and a war camera was -hurried to the scene and secured this negative on the same day. At the -same time, while General Grant was in conference with his staff in his -tent at the army headquarters, the war photographers secured the picture -shown on the preceding page. The general may be seen in the center of -the group, sitting in the chair, with his hat characteristically pushed -back on his head and his legs crossed. This is an interesting negative. - - - - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN FORT NEGLEY AT NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE, -SHOWING IRONCLAD CASEMATES, IN 1864] - -IN the closing months of 1864 events occurred in rapid succession in the -southwest. The Confederates, under Hood, driven from Georgia by Sherman, -invaded Middle Tennessee. General Price began his invasion of Missouri -and destroyed property valued at three millions of dollars and seized a -vast quantity of supplies. The Union forces, under General Thomas, were -concentrated at Nashville. There were continual skirmishes and at -nightfall, on the sixteenth of December, General Thomas ordered his -troops into line of battle, with the intent of driving Hood's Army from -the territory. In a terrific fire of musketry, grape and canister, the -Federals pushed forward. In the next two days the Confederates lost all -their artillery. General Thomas took four thousand, five hundred -prisoners, nearly three hundred being officers. The fleeing Confederate -columns left nearly three thousand dead and wounded on the ground, while -the Federal loss was three hundred. The weather was very cold, but -Thomas pursued his foe relentlessly. Flood's men were in a desperate -condition, barefooted, ragged and disheartened. They were pressed to the -Tennessee River where thirteen thousand were taken prisoners, and Hood's -great army was practically annihilated, their small arms scattered along -the roads, and cannon, caissons and wagons abandoned. Hood took the -remnants of his army into Mississippi where he was relieved from command -by his own request and retired minus the arm he left at Gettysburg and -the leg he left at Chickamauga. On the thirtieth day of December, in -1864, Thomas went into winter quarters. One of the last photographs of -the year was taken in Fort Negley, Nashville, Tennessee, showing the -ironclad casemates and the interior of the fort. - - - - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ON GRANT'S MILITARY RAILROAD WHEN THE -13-INCH MORTAR "DICTATOR" OR "PETERSBURG EXPRESS" WAS THROWING SHELLS -INTO PETERSBURG IN 1864] - -THE last days of 1864 closed with the Army of the Potomac and the Army -of the James maintaining the siege about Petersburg. Nearly every hour -of the day and night the air was filled with the roar of siege cannons -and mortars. Brady and Gardner had several of their cameras at the siege -of Petersburg. Many rare negatives are to-day witnesses of this great -event. The picture shown on this page was taken during the siege. It -shows the thirteen-inch "Dictator," known as the "Petersburg Express," -mounted on a flat freight car made strong for this purpose. It was on -the military railroad outside of Petersburg and moved continually along -the line, throwing its huge death-dealing bombs into the city. Some of -the mortars were mounted on very strong, special-made cars, protected -with roofs of railroad iron. Grant's line was twenty-five miles long, -but with its parallels extending over ninety miles. The two forts -nearest the city of Petersburg were known by the soldiers as Fort Hell -and Fort Damnation. From their casemates the movements of the soldiers -of the beleaguered city were distinctly visible. The guns of these two -advanced forts were never silent. At nightfall, the pickets, with one -hundred and fifty rounds of ball cartridges, left for the outposts, and -many of them never returned. The night was made hideous by the roar of -huge siege guns, the sudden crashes of musketry and the crack of rifle -shells. The openings of the breastworks were so filled with shot during -this siege that in time of truce the soldiers would dig the narrow -openings out with their fingers. On the next page is shown a photograph -taken April 2, 1865, in Confederate trenches at Petersburg just after -their capture by the daring Union troops. - - - - -[Illustration: GENERALS HANCOCK, BARLOW, BIRNEY AND GIBBON] - -[Illustration: SIEGE OF PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA--PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN JUST -BEFORE ITS FALL IN 1865] - -[Illustration: RAILROAD BATTERY IN FRONT OF PETERSBURG DURING SIEGE] - -[Illustration: EARTHWORKS IN FRONT OF PETERSBURG--FEDERAL LINES AT FORT -MORTON] - -[Illustration: DEAD CONFEDERATES IN TRENCHES AT PETERSBURG] - - - - -DEEDS of valor on the battlefield have been sung from the earliest ages, -but there is no epoch in the world's history when men have shown more -magnificent courage, or greater devotion to principle, than in the Civil -War of the United States. The days of ancient knighthood never saw more -gallant fighters, no lancer ever met a worthier foe. It was the grandest -spectacle of heroism that eyes have ever witnessed. At the battle-front, -in prison pit, in hospital, or wounded on the field--no men ever endured -more intense suffering. - -The only National debt we can never pay is the debt we owe to the men -who offered their lives that the United American Nation might live to -become the greatest power in the human race. The heroic sacrifices will -never be known. It has been variously estimated from three hundred -thousand to a million lives. The Government records 44,238 men as having -been killed in battle; 49,205 dying of wounds and injuries; 186,216 -succumbing to disease; 24,184 expiring from unknown causes; and 526 -suicides, homicides and executions. Thousands of men disappeared during -the conflict and have never been heard from since. The surgeon-general's -records give 280,040 wounded in battle; 184,791 missing or captured; -26,168 dying while prisoners of war. The medical records state that -6,049,648 cases were brought into the hospitals, great numbers of whom -were sent home to die. The Confederate losses can never be ascertained -but it is very probable that the price that America paid for the -preservation of the Union was a million of its manhood. - -The crisis of 1865 held not only the future of the United States in the -balance, but threatened to change the political divisions of the world. -The American Nation, which is the "freest, richest and most powerful" -nation under the skies, would have been divided into two weakened -republics, each struggling for existence, disputing the ownership of -rivers and coast, engaged in continual border uprisings, and finally -becoming the prey of the powerful nations of Europe--only to be soon -devoured by encroaching monarchies of the Eastern Hemisphere. - - - "When 'Greek meets Greek' the tug of war - Is sure to follow fierce and strong; - What wonder that the bloody strife - 'Twixt North and South was four years long! - Four hundred thousand of our brave - Gave up their lives that we might be - A Nation, powerful and great, - The fitting home of Liberty. - America will surely stand - The first and foremost of the earth: - The Queen of Nations she shall be, - And all her sons have royal birth. - -[Illustration: FOR THE SAKE OF THEIR COUNTRY--Photograph taken by Brady -on the battlefield during the Civil War] - - "The Goddess of sweet Liberty - Still smiles upon her gallant knights - Who bravely sprang to her defense, - And fearless fought to keep our rights. - Then cheer our heroes, grim and old, - And let them feel while yet alive, - We honor them for what they did - From sixty-one to sixty-five. - All honor to our sacred dead, - And honor well the living, too, - Our Veterans of the Civil War, - These noble boys who wore the blue." - - -The problem was settled for all ages in 1865. The American Nation rose -from the ruins of War like a young giant. Grasping the hand of the North -and the South, it clasped them together with the grip of brotherhood and -the sacred pledge, "United we stand; divided we fall." Long live -America, the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave! The vast -armies, "strong enough to have conquered a hemisphere, vanished like a -vision and the men who fought side by side through the perils of four -years of Civil War, laid down their arms, changed their uniforms of blue -and gray for the apparel of everyday life, and took up once more the -peaceful occupations they had abandoned to serve their country." - -The Spring of 1865 can never be forgotten by the men who went through -it. It was a time of intense excitement and overflowing enthusiasm which -carried itself almost to pandemonium. The war cameras, which had -perpetuated the last wonderful scenes of the conflict, were taken to -Washington and New York, and the Summer fell upon a peaceful people. - -It is the avowed mission of these pages to lay before the present -generation the vision of War in all its horror that those who look upon -them may pledge themselves to the furtherance of the day "when a cannon -will be exhibited in public museums, just as an instrument of torture is -now, and people will be amazed that such a thing could have been;" the -day when "those two immense groups, the United States of America, and -the United States of Europe," and the United States of Asia and of -Africa, "will be seen placed in the presence of each other, extending -the hand of fellowship across the oceans, exchanging their produce, -their commerce, their industries, their arts, their genius; clearing the -earth, peopling the desert, improving creation under the eye of the -Creator, and uniting for the good of all, these two irresistible and -infinite powers--the fraternity of men and the power of God!" - - - - -THE first days of 1865 around Petersburg were a hard strain on the -soldiers. The winter's siege had been severe. The Confederates were -desperate. Unable to break the Federal lines at Dinwiddie, Five Forks, -or any of the many combats that were continually taking place, defeat -and annihilation awaited them. On the first of April the entire -artillery forces in the trenches before Petersburg began a tremendous -cannonading which continued until dawn. The Union troops during the -night tightened their lines around Petersburg until the following -morning, which was Sunday. At daylight, on Monday, the third of April, -Lee evacuated Petersburg and the Union forces entered the city about -nine o'clock. Cameras were soon taken through the gates and during the -day several photographs were taken, including a negative of the trenches -containing the dead. This photograph shows a company of colored -infantry. There were 186,097 colored troops enlisted in the Civil War. -In many conflicts they showed great bravery, especially during the siege -of Petersburg. An instance of their great courage was the attempt to -break through the Confederate lines by tunneling under one of the -fortifications and blowing it up with the charge of eight thousand -pounds of powder. In the smoke of the explosion the colored troops -charged through the crater and up the slope beyond, only to meet with a -terrific fire in which hundreds of colored heroes were mown down like -grass, with no hope of anyone reaching the crest, but they held to the -charge until ordered to retire. The engagements around Petersburg during -its last nine months cost the Union Army more than thirty thousand men. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE COLORED INFANTRY WAS MOVING TO THE -BATTLEGROUND] - - - - -THIS witness of a remarkable sight is so old that it will be noted that -the tree at the right of the picture is being eaten away from the -original negative. It lays before the eyes of all generations the view -of the first wagon train entering Petersburg with provisions for the -starving inhabitants after one of the greatest sieges in history. It was -on Sunday night, about ten o'clock, the second day of April, in 1865, -that the resolute Lee marshalled his troops for the evacuation of -Petersburg. At three on the following morning the stronghold of the -Confederacy was left to the Union forces. At nine on the same morning -General Grant rode into the deserted city. The remaining inhabitants -were panic-stricken and in a destitute condition. Many of them had -escaped with their beloved leader while others, in abject terror, -secluded themselves in their homes. Grant, with his staff, rode quietly -through the streets until he came to a comfortable-looking brick house, -with a yard in front, where he dismounted and took a seat on the -veranda. The gentle manner of the great general found a response in the -hearts of those who had feared him. Citizens soon gathered on the -sidewalk and gazed with curiosity on the Union commander. News of the -hunger of the people was hurried along the line. Great wagon trains of -provisions struggled for miles through roadways choked with prisoners, -stragglers and wounded. This photograph was taken as the first division, -loaded with barrels of flour, pork, coffee, sugar, and other -necessaries, rolled into Petersburg. With the brotherly affection that -even the madness of war cannot destroy, the men in blue came to those -devoted to the gray, not as enemies, but as fellowmen ever willing to -relieve the suffering. The humanity of war is here exemplified. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE GOVERNMENT PROVISION TRAINS WERE -ENTERING PETERSBURG AFTER EVACUATION IN 1865] - - - - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS GUNBOAT "SANTIAGO DE CUBA" SAILED ON -THE FORT FISHER EXPEDITION] - -THE largest fleet that had ever been assembled under one command in the -history of the American Navy concentrated before Fort Fisher, North -Carolina, late in 1864. It included nearly sixty vessels, of which five -were ironclads, and the three largest United States steam frigates, -"Minnesota," "Colorado" and "Wabash," and was accompanied by one of the -war cameras. The total number of guns and howitzers of the fleet were -over six hundred, and the weight of projectiles at a single discharge of -all the guns, both broadsides, was over twenty-two tons. The Atlantic -and Gulf coast were almost entirely in the Government possession and the -Navy was prepared to strike its decisive blow. Fort Fisher was now the -most important Confederate naval position. The first attack took place -in the night of December twenty-third, when a powder-boat was exploded -under the towering walls of the old fort. It was believed that it was -leveled to the ground, but in the morning the grim fort stood absolutely -uninjured with its flag floating defiantly. An attack was then led by -the ironclads, followed by the monitors and frigates. A naval officer in -describing it says: "Their sides seemed a sheet of flame, and the roar -of their guns like a mighty thunderbolt." The enemy took refuge in their -bomb-proofs. Owing to misunderstanding between army and navy the fort -was not taken. An excellent photograph was secured of one of the -gunboats in the Fort Fisher expedition--the "Santiago de Cuba," and the -negative is one of the finest naval pictures ever taken. - - - - -[Illustration: INTERIOR VIEW OF FORT FISHER IN 1865] - -[Illustration: DISMANTLED GUN AT FORT FISHER IN 1865] - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT FORT FISHER, NORTH CAROLINA, SHOWING -DESTRUCTION OF GUN CARRIAGE IN 1865] - - - - -THE last stronghold of the Southern Confederacy on the Atlantic Coast -fell early in 1865. On the twelfth of January operations were agreed -upon for the final assault on Fort Fisher and a photograph was taken of -the fleet as it lay off the coast. On the morning of the thirteenth the -ironclads opened a terrific fire. Fort Fisher was at this time much -stronger than at the first attack. Troops had reinforced the garrison. -Damages from the first bombardment had been repaired and new defenses -added. In describing the downfall of the fort one who participated says: -"I believe there had never before been such a storm of shell in any -naval engagement. At noon on the fifteenth the attempt was made for the -sailors and marines to land. From thirty-five of the sixty ships of the -fleet boats were lowered, and with flags flying, pulled toward the beach -in line abreast, a most spirited scene. The sailors were armed with -cutlasses and pistols. The great land battery, the artillery and a -thousand rifles opened fire from Fort Fisher. The daring sailors found -themselves packed like sheep in a death pen, under a most galling fire." -The army pressed forward under General Terry's command, fighting its way -from traverse to traverse, overpowering the garrison, and finally -driving the Confederates from their last refuge. Fort Fisher fell on the -fifteenth of January. The casualties in the fleet amounted to 309, while -Terry's command lost 110 killed and 536 wounded--a total of nearly 1,000 -men. With the fall of Fort Fisher and its seventy-five guns, the -Confederates abandoned Fort Caswell and all the works on Smith's Island; -all those between Caswell and Smithville up to the battery on Reeve's -Point on the west side of the river. This photograph of the fleet that -took Fort Fisher shows the ships assembling off the coast. The negative -was secured under much difficulty. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS GREATEST FLEET CARRYING AMERICAN FLAG -WAS PREPARING TO ATTACK FORT FISHER IN 1865] - - - - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE ADMIRAL PORTER AND STAFF WERE ON -FLAGSHIP "MALVERN" IN FORT FISHER EXPEDITION IN 1865] - -THE Civil War was a great practical demonstration of naval vessels -propelled by steam. The whole system of naval tactics had undergone a -great change. The guns had become vastly more powerful; war ships were -now protected by a light armor, and the torpedo had found its way into -successful employment. The normal strength of the Navy at the beginning -of the war was ninety vessels; fifty of these were sailing ships, worthy -vessels in years gone by, but now left behind by progress. There were -forty vessels propelled by steam and many of these were scattered on the -high seas. As the war progressed, the Navy was increased and at its -close had nearly six hundred ships, including every variety of -merchantman and river steamboat roughly adapted in navy-yards for war -services. There were built or projected during the war nearly sixty -ironclads. At the beginning of the war the total number of officers of -all grades in the Navy was 1,457, and during its progress the number was -increased to 7,500, chiefly from the merchant marine. The normal -strength of seamen, which was 7,600, rose during the war to 51,500. The -South entered upon the war without any naval preparation and with very -limited resources, but by purchases and seizures equipped a considerable -fleet. Toward the close of the conflict the war photographers secured a -large number of negatives during naval demonstrations. Among those here -presented is Admiral David D. Porter and staff on his flagship, -"Malvern," on the Fort Fisher Expedition. The gallant admiral may be -seen standing in the center of the group. A picture is on the following -page of Major-General A. H. Terry and staff, in command of the land -demonstrations around Fort Fisher, and on whom special honors were -conferred by Congress for his courageous leadership in the attack. These -photographs witness the last great naval demonstration of the war. - - - - -[Illustration: PANORAMIC VIEW OF FORT FISHER, NORTH CAROLINA, IN 1865] - -[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL ALFRED H. TERRY AND STAFF AT FORT FISHER] - -[Illustration: ENGLISH ARMSTRONG GUN IN FORT FISHER] - - - - -[Illustration: RUINS OF COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA, FROM THE -CAPITOL--SHELLED BY SHERMAN, FEBRUARY 16, 1865--PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN BY -BRADY WHILE RUINS WERE SMOKING] - -[Illustration: RUINS OF DEPOT WHERE TWO HUNDRED PERSONS WERE BLOWN UP ON -EVACUATION OF CHARLESTON] - -[Illustration: RUINS OF SECESSION HALL AT CHARLESTON AFTER SURRENDER, -FEBRUARY 18, 1865] - -THE final blows of the Civil War came quick and sharp. Grant had taken -Petersburg; Thomas had annihilated the Confederate forces under Hood -along the Mississippi River; Sherman had swept through Georgia and -overrun the Carolinas. Exactly four years after the inauguration of -Jefferson Davis as President of the Confederacy, historic Columbia and -Charleston, South Carolina, surrendered. The closing days sowed flame -and devastation. The war cameras followed Sherman's Army into Columbia -and the old negatives tell the tragedy of the destroyed Confederate -cities. One of them here reproduced is historic Secession Hall in ruins. -It was here that the first Ordinance of Secession was passed. This view -shows the historic edifice as it appeared when the Union troops took -possession of the city. Adjoining the Hall are the ruins of Central -Church, and in the background is St. Phillips Church. The fall of -Columbia occurred on February 12, 1865. Charleston surrendered the -following day, and the Federal Government took possession. One of these -photographs shows the ruins of the Northeastern Railroad Depot at -Charleston where two hundred persons were blown up on the day of -evacuation, February 17, 1865. Sherman moved on through North Carolina -and fought his last battle at Bentonville, where the National loss was -1,604 men and the Confederate loss 2,342. During these last days of the -war occurred a disaster on the Mississippi River. The "Sultana" was on -her journey from New Orleans to St. Louis, receiving on board 1,964 -Union prisoners from Columbia, Salisbury, Andersonville and other -Confederate prisons. Anxious to proceed North, little heed was given -that the ship was already carrying a heavy load of passengers on board, -occupying every foot of available space on all the decks to the tops of -the cabins and the wheelhouse, and on the twenty-seventh of April, when -about eight miles above Memphis, one of her boilers blew up. The dead at -the scene numbered 1,500. - -[Illustration: STEAMER "SULTANA" CONVEYING EXCHANGED UNION -PRISONERS--DESTROYED IN MISSISSIPPI RIVER IN 1865] - - - - -IN the hospitals of the army during the Civil War 6,049,648 cases were -treated by the officers of the Medical Department. The medical skill of -the surgeons and physicians is evidenced by the fact that only 185,353 -of these patients died during their detention in the hospitals. While a -large number of these soldiers suffered from gunshot wounds, the -disease of chronic diarrhoea was nearly as fatal, and its deadliness -was closely followed by the ravages of typhoid fever and lung diseases. -It is estimated that 285,245 men were discharged during the war for -disability. A tribute should be paid to the nobility of the hospital -corps. Many noble men and women did great service to their country in -relieving the sufferings that followed the battles. After many of the -terrific conflicts the ground was strewn with the dead and dying. The -wounded, in whom there was a hope of life, were given immediate care and -hurried on stretchers to nearby houses and barns from which floated the -yellow flag of the Medical Department. Large hospital tents were erected -near the scene of battle. At times all the rooms in the surrounding -farmhouses were full of wounded; the injured men were laid on cornstalks -and hay in the barns. Sometimes it was impossible to find shelter for -them all and they were laid on boards inclined against fences. Many of -the large trees formed a shelter for a temporary hospital, where the men -were laid in rows while the attendants administered to their wants. In -no previous war in the history of the world was so much done to -alleviate suffering as in the War of 1861-1865. But notwithstanding all -that was done, the wounded suffered horribly. After any great battle it -required several days and nights of steady work before all the wounded -men were gathered. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE AMBULANCE CORPS WERE REMOVING -WOUNDED SOLDIERS TO THE FIELD HOSPITAL] - - - - -[Illustration: SMOKESTACK OF EXPLODED RAM "VIRGINIA" IN 1865] - -[Illustration: CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY ON WHARVES NEAR RICHMOND] - -[Illustration: RUINED LOCOMOTIVE AFTER FALL OF RICHMOND IN 1865] - -[Illustration: AMBULANCE CONVEYING JEFFERSON DAVIS AFTER HIS -CAPTURE--PASSING THROUGH THE STREETS OF MACON, GEORGIA] - -JEFFERSON DAVIS was at St. Paul's Church, in Richmond, at the usual hour -of Sunday morning worship when he received the message that Petersburg -was being evacuated and Lee's lines were irreparably broken. The sexton -walked up to Davis's pew and whispered a few words in the President's -ear. The members of the Cabinet received similar calls. From church to -church the note of warning was communicated. By two o'clock everybody in -Richmond knew that the city was to be abandoned. The Presidential party -with difficulty made its way through the excited crowd which thronged -and blocked the streets. Davis began his flight by boarding a train and -went as far as Danville where, on April 4, 1865, he began to establish a -new seat of government. The following day he issued a proclamation to -his people, only to again flee to Greensborough, North Carolina, where -he remained in a railroad car. On reaching Charlotte, he threw off the -semblance of authority and planned to reach Texas. The flight was -continued through South Carolina and into Macon, Georgia. In the -meantime, a reward of $100,000 was offered for the apprehension of -Davis. He was finally captured in a camp in the woods near Irwinsville, -Georgia, while trying to escape in a lady's waterproof coat, gathered at -the waist, with a shawl thrown over the head, and carrying a tin pail. -This remarkable photograph was taken while the Confederate President was -being carried as a prisoner in an ambulance through the streets of -Macon. He was conveyed to Fortress Monroe, for safe keeping, on May 22, -1865, and was finally allowed his freedom on bail and never brought to -trial. Brady entered Richmond with his cameras a few hours after the -departure of Davis and these negatives witness the ruins. The great -tobacco warehouses had been destroyed and the ironclad rams on the river -had been blown up. The city was being pillaged. The Union troops entered -as conquerors and immediately set to work with a will to extinguish the -flames which wrought great destruction and havoc. - - - - -RICHMOND was a mass of flames on the third of April, in 1865. As the -Federal forces entered the city it was a scene of terrible splendor. The -explosion of magazines caused the earth to rock and tremble as with the -shock of an earthquake. The flames were leaping from building to -building until thirty squares were ablaze, consuming over one thousand -structures. Prisoners were liberated from the penitentiary and the torch -was applied to it. Men, women and children, faint from hunger, fled from -their homes. The provision depots were battered at the doors and forced -open in the demoniacal struggle against starvation. The gutters ran with -whiskey, and men fell to their knees and lapped it as it flowed through -the streets. The clatter of the hoofs of the horses added to the tumult -as the Union troops entered the city. At daylight the approach of the -Federal forces could be plainly discerned. The war cameras came into -Richmond with the army. The Union soldiers began to fight the flames, -blowing up houses to check their advance. There was a cavalry rush for -Libby prison to bring freedom to the Union soldiers confined within its -walls, but upon reaching it not a guard nor an inmate remained. The -doors were wide open. An old negro placidly remarked: "Dey's all gone, -massa!" The day following a mighty cheer was heard near the abandoned -residence of Jefferson Davis. President Lincoln walked down the street -with his usual long, careless stride. After viewing the situation and -impressing upon the officers his desire that they exert the most humane -influences, Lincoln returned to Washington. One of the most valuable -negatives in the Civil War collection is the ruins of Richmond on the -day that Lincoln inspected the condition of the city. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN OF THE RUINS AT RICHMOND THE DAY AFTER -ITS EVACUATION IN 1865] - - - - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT THE MCLEAN HOUSE AT APPOMATTOX THE -DAY THAT LEE SURRENDERED TO GRANT, APRIL 9, 1865] - -WHEN Lee, with the remnant of his army, fled from Richmond and -Petersburg, he was closely pursued by Grant and attacked vigorously at -every approach. For seventy miles it was a race that was marked by a -long track of blood. There were collisions at Jestersville, Detonville, -Deep Creek, Paine's Cross Roads, and Farmville. At Sailor's Creek the -Confederate lines were broken by Custer. The Confederate General Ewell, -with four other generals and his entire corps, were captured and on the -eighth of April the Southern Army, under Lee, was completely surrounded. -Lee had but 28,000 men left and his brave dead were lying in heaps along -the route of his retreat. Hemmed in at Appomattox Court House a last -desperate effort was made to cut through the Federal cavalry. He was -gaining ground when Sheridan's bugles rang out the signal for a general -charge and a halt was called under a flag of truce. The two historic -armies never exchanged another shot. General Lee left his camp on the -morning of April 8 and was conducted to the McLean house, where he found -General Grant awaiting him. The actual surrender took place on April 12, -1865. The Confederate officers and men were paroled. Lee returned to his -men and bade them farewell. The scene was one of the most pathetic in -the records of war. The Confederate veterans wept like children as they -looked upon the face of their beloved leader. His last words to his men -were: "You will take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from the -consciousness of duty faithfully performed. I earnestly pray that a -merciful God will extend to you His blessing and protection." A few -hours after Lee's surrender this photograph was taken at Appomattox. - - - - -IT is here in these closing pages the sad duty of these wonderful old -negatives to record one of the deepest tragedies in the history of the -world. In it the greatest Republic of the earth, at the close of the -most terrific conflict ever waged by fellow countrymen, saw its champion -of Liberty fall at the hands of an assassin. The great Lincoln looked -forward to years of peace among a re-united people. On the night of -April 14, 1865, he was murdered at Ford's Theater. The bitter tidings -swept the country. The American Nation was bowed down with grief. The -rendezvous of the conspirators was found to be the house of Mrs. M. E. -Surratt, located in the very heart of Washington. Mrs. Surratt, her -daughter Anna, Miss Fitzpatrick and a Miss Holahan were arrested. George -A. Atzerott, and one named Powell, were later captured. The principal -assassin, John Wilkes Booth, was found eleven days after the murder and -was shot when he refused to surrender. His companion, Harold, who had -been a fugitive with him, was taken prisoner. The trial of the -conspirators took place in Washington before a military commission. On -July 6, 1865, sentence was pronounced and on the following day the four -conspirators--Harold, Atzerott, Powell and Mrs. Surratt--were hanged. -Two of Brady's cameras were taken into the prison yard and placed near -the scaffold. When the warrant was being read one camera was used and -the historic view is now in the Eaton Collection. When the drop was -sprung, the second negative was exposed and the tragic scene is here -recorded. Mrs. Surratt is hanging at the left. The ghastliness was such -that many of the guards turned their heads. It is believed to be the -first time that the camera has been used to perpetuate the execution of -political conspirators. The negatives are in excellent condition and -their historic value is beyond purchase. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN PRISON YARD IN WASHINGTON AT HANGING -OF MRS. SURRATT AND THE LINCOLN ASSASSINATION CONSPIRATORS IN 1865] - - - - -THE funeral procession of Lincoln as it passed through New York was -witnessed by nearly a million people. The body was taken to Springfield, -Ohio, his old home town to which he had not returned since he left it to -go to Washington as President of the United States. Lincoln was buried -at Oak Ridge Cemetery, about two miles from Springfield. Immediately -after the close of the war the Government began inquiry into the -cruelties alleged to have taken place in many of the prisons. The result -was the arrest of Captain Henry Wirtz, the jailor at Andersonville. He -was given trial before a military commission and convicted of brutally -murdering Union prisoners. Wirtz was sentenced to death and hanged on -the tenth of November, 1865. The execution took place in Washington -within short distance of the National Capitol, and Brady's cameras were -taken into the prison yard. The negative was taken as the condemned man -stood on the scaffold, with head bowed, listening to the reading of his -death warrant. Another negative was secured after the noose had been -tightened around his neck and the drop had been sprung. The photographs -perpetuate a tragic moment. It will be seen that the soldiers on guard -were standing at "attention." The evidence against Wirtz was -overwhelming. Many witnesses testified to the cruelty of the accused man -and the horrors enacted within the dead lines at Andersonville. -Prisoners were forced to go forty-eight hours without food. Many of them -became insane; others committed suicide. There were deliberate, -cold-blooded murders of peaceable men. No opportunities were afforded -for cleanliness and the prisoners were covered with vermin. The -execution of Wirtz met public approval and this photograph shows him in -his last moments of life. - -[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE DEATH WARRANT WAS BEING READ TO -WIRTZ, THE KEEPER OF ANDERSONVILLE PRISON IN 1865] - - - - -[Illustration: HERO OF THE AMERICANS WHO WORE THE BLUE - -Ulysses Simpson Grant--Born at Point Pleasant, Ohio, April 27, -1822--Died at Mt. Gregor, New York, July 23, 1885--Graduated from West -Point in 1843 and fought gallantly under the Stars and Stripes in the -War against Mexico--Commander-in-chief of the victorious Union Army in -the Civil War in the United States--This photograph was taken when he -was forty-two years of age, during the Civil War, and was never before -published--It is protected by copyright] - - -AMERICANS--true to the blue or true to the gray--bow in reverence to the -memory of these two great fellow countrymen--the greatest leaders that -mankind has ever followed. Under the same beloved flag they fought in -their early days, only to stand arrayed against each other as foes in -their latter days, and to finally die as loyal Americans. Never before -has the public looked upon these photographs, which were taken by the -war cameras at Appomattox at the end of the war. When Lee offered his -sword to Grant it was courteously returned to him. The two gallant -generals lifted their hats and parted forever. Grant mounted his horse, -and started with his staff for Washington. Lee set out for Richmond, a -broken-hearted man. The armies returning from the field were brought to -Washington for a grand review and mustered out of service. The news of -Lee's surrender passed from army to army through the South and West, and -six weeks later the last gun had been fired and musket laid down in the -Civil War of the United States. In closing these pages, acknowledgment -is made to the many eminent historians whose scholarly works have been -consulted and quoted in narrating the incidents surrounding these -photographs. Mr. Edward B. Eaton, who has prepared this remarkable -presentation from his valuable collection; Mr. Francis T. Miller, the -editor and writer of this book; and Mr. George E. Tracy, associated with -Mr. Eaton in placing this volume before the public, wish to express -their appreciation for the cordial interest taken in the work by the -department commanders of the Grand Army of the Republic, many of whom -testify to having seen the Brady cameras on the battlefield when these -negatives were being taken. To these men--and to all who witnessed the -scenes herein perpetuated--this book is dedicated with the benediction -of the victorious Grant: - - -[Illustration: HERO OF THE AMERICANS WHO WORE THE GRAY - -Robert Edward Lee--Born at Stratford, Virginia, January 19, 1807--Died -at Lexington, Virginia, October 12, 1870--Graduated at West Point in -1829 and fought gallantly under the Stars and Stripes in the War against -Mexico--Commander-in-chief of the vanquished Confederate Army in the -Civil War in the United States--This photograph was taken when he was -fifty-seven years of age, during the Civil War, and was never before -published--It is protected by copyright] - - - "LET US HAVE PEACE" - - - THE ASSOCIATED PUBLISHERS OF AMERICAN RECORDS - PRESS OF THE DORMAN LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY - - NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT - - HALFTONE ENGRAVINGS BY ROBERT WELLER, HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT - - - - -THE EDWARD B. EATON COLLECTION OF ORIGINAL PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE CIVIL WAR - - - PARTIAL LIST OF THE SEVEN THOUSAND NEGATIVES TAKEN UNDER THE - PROTECTION OF THE SECRET SERVICE BY MATHEW B. BRADY AND - ALEXANDER GARDNER ON THE BATTLEFIELDS OF THE CIVIL WAR IN THE - UNITED STATES DURING THE YEARS 1861--1862--1863--1864--1865--AND - NOW SAFELY STORED IN THE PRIVATE VAULT OF THE OWNER AT HARTFORD, - CONNECTICUT - -THE Eaton Collection of Original Photographs of the Civil War, the full -history of which is given in the introductory to this Volume, is now for -the first time unveiled to the public. In presenting the reproductions -in this book the owner of this remarkable collection has protected them -fully by copyright and warns the public against infringers. Mr. Eaton is -the sole owner of these original negatives, which are valued at -$150,000, and henceforth, any other reproduction must be with his -written authority or it is an infringement. That the public may become -fully acquainted with the negatives in this official collection, experts -are now at work drawing two prints from each negative, protecting them -under copyright, and identifying, arranging and preparing them for a -complete catalogue. In several instances the label which the -photographer placed on the negatives when he made the photograph, over -forty years ago, has been lost. These are being carefully identified by -veterans of the Civil War who offer affidavits to having been on the -scene. At present there are still many views that are labeled "unknown." -It is nearing a half century since the sun painted these real scenes of -that great War, and some negatives have undergone chemical changes which -make it difficult to secure "prints" from them. There can be no -substitution, as the scenes represented on the old glass plates have -passed away forever. The great value of these pictures is apparent. -Several negatives are entirely past printing and all of them require -retouching by old-time photographers who understand the process. Even to -the thinning ranks of heroes of the Civil War the scenes of 1861-1865 -are but a fading memory; cherished, it is true, and often called up from -among the dim pictures of the past, but after all, only the vision of a -dream. Artists have painted and sketched and engraved, with more or less -fidelity to fact and detail, those "scenes of trial and danger." Their -pictures can be but imaginary conceptions of the artist. Fortunately, -our Government authorized courageous photographers to skillfully secure -with their cameras the reflection, as in a mirror, of the thrilling -scenes of the conflict. These views vividly renew the memories of the -war days. The camp, the march, the battlefields, the forts and trenches, -the wounded, the prisoners, the dead, the hurriedly-made graves, and -many other of those once familiar scenes are photographically portrayed -and perpetuated. - -As a record of a crisis in the history of the world, these negatives are -worth their weight in gold. Their value is such that they cannot be -handled, except with great care, or removed for exhibition purposes. -They are in a vault in Hartford, Connecticut, where the owner is very -willing to allow the public, especially the Veterans of the Civil War, -to examine them. It is desired to have the old negatives become of as -much service to the public-at-large as possible and for this purpose is -compiled this partial catalogue from the collection. Whenever the -condition of the negative permits, Mr. Eaton is willing to allow the -privilege of printing a proof. This is especially granted to Old -Soldiers or Grand Army Posts who desire certain original photographs of -scenes in which they participated. The service of this collection, -inasmuch as it pertains to commendable purposes, is here extended to the -American People who are no longer "Federal" and "Confederate." - - - - -THIS is a partial list of the negatives in the Eaton Collection of -Original Negatives taken on the Battlefields during the Civil War of the -United States, under the protection of the Secret Service. They include -all phases of army life. The cameras followed, not only the Eastern Army -and the Army of the West, but accompanied the Naval Fleets and were -present in many demonstrations. Veterans of the Civil War are cordially -invited to visit Hartford and inspect these negatives. Proofs will be -taken from any negative here registered, for Grand Army Veterans or -Posts, providing sufficient reasons are given with the request, which -should be sent direct to the owner of the collection, Mr. Edward B. -Eaton, Hartford, Connecticut. - - - ARMY OF POTOMAC - - APRIL, 1861, TO AUGUST, 1861. - - _Three Months' Campaign._ - -Long Bridge. Washington, D. C., L.7824. - -Christ church, Alexandria, where General Washington attended, S.2301. - -Marshall House, Alexandria, Va., S.1189. - -Slave-pen, Alexandria, Va., L.7264. S.1003, S.1174. - -Ruins of Norfolk navy-yard, 8.984. - -Ruins of Harper's Ferry arsenal, S.655. - -Ruins of bridge across Potomac River at Berlin, S.658. - -Fairfax court-house, S.298. - -Fairfax seminary, S.2322. - -Fairfax church, S.2323. - -Taylor's tavern, near Fall's Church, S.2320. - -Cub Run, S.307. - -Bull Hun, S.1111. - -Battlefield of Bull Run, S.1046. - -Ruins of stone bridge, Bull Run, L.7082, S.310, S.312. - -Sudley church, S.315, S.316, S.1017, S.1148. - -Sudley Ford, Bull Run, S.313, S.314. - -Thorburn's house, Bull Run, S.317. - -Matthews's house, Bull Run, S.318. - -Robinson's house, Bull Run, S.319, S.1176. - -Ruins of Henry's house, Bull Run, S.320. - -Headquarters of General Beauregard (confederate) at Manassas, S.327. - -Stone church, Centreville, S.302. - -Mrs. Spinner's house, near Centreville, S.308, S.309. - -Grigsby House (Stevens's house), near Centreville, S.1163, S.303. - -Soldier' graves, Bull Run, S.321. - -Dedication of monument on battlefield of Bull Run, L.7362, L.7363, -L.7364. - -Monument on battlefield of Bull Run, L.7532, S.1193, S.1194. - - * * * * * - - ARMY OF POTOMAC. - - AUGUST, 1861, TO MARCH, 1862. - -Headquarters of General McClellan at Fairfax Court House, Va., (also -used by General Beauregard) L.7142, S.299. - -Camp of Tenth Massachusetts Infantry, S.2421. - -Signal tower near camp of Fourteenth New York Infantry, S.2352. - -Camp of Thirty-fifth New York Infantry, S.2422. - -Camp of Seventy-first New York Infantry, S.2413, S.2415. - -Camp of Thirty-first Pennsylvania Infantry, Queen's farm, near Fort -Slocum, Virginia, S.2409, S.2410, S.2412. - -Camp scenes in camp of Thirty-first Pennsylvania Infantry, S.2405, -S.2406. - -Review of Dwight's brigade, 8.2419, S.2420. - -Newspaper dealer in camp, C.1378. - -Sunday services in camp of Sixty-ninth New York Infantry, S.3713. - -Professor Lowe's balloon, S.2349, S.2350. - - * * * * * - - ARMY OF POTOMAC. - - MARCH, 1862, TO JULY, 1862. - - _Peninsula Campaign._ - -Battery No. 1, in front of Yorktown, L.7094, S.361, S.362, S.363, S.364, -S.365. - -Battery No. 4, in front of Yorktown, S.373, S.374, S.375, S.376, S.377, -S.378, S.379, S.380. - -Naval battery in front of Yorktown, S.463. - -Battery Magruder (confederate), Yorktown, S.2360, S.2361, S.2362. - -Confederate fortifications, Yorktown, S.450, S.451, S.452, S.453, S.458, -S.1026, S.2364, S.2365, S.2366, S.2367, S.2368, S.2369, S.2425. - -Confederate fortifications, Yorktown, with exploded gun, S.455. S.2370. - -Ravine at Yorktown in which confederate magazines located, S.447. - -Confederate water battery at Gloucester Point, S.454, S.457, S.460, -S.461. - -Yorktown Landing, S.2383. - -Artillery park at Yorktown Landing, S.2358. - -Wagon park at Yorktown Landing, S.2357. - -Sally-port at Yorktown, S.2371. - -Street view in Yorktown, S.2372. - -Court-house, Yorktown, S.2375, S.2376. - -Church, used as Second Corps hospital, Yorktown, S.2374. - -Baptist church and hospital of Third Division, Sixth Corps, Yorktown, -S.2373. - -Cornwallis's headquarters during Revolutionary war, S.2336. - -Headquarters of General Magruder (confederate), Yorktown, Va., S.449. - -Cornwallis Cave, Yorktown, used by confederates for magazine, S.2379, -S.2380. - -Captain Perkins's "Secesh," horse captured at Cornwallis Cave, Yorktown, -S.2381. - -Confederate winter quarters near Yorktown, S.2377. - -Camp scene in front of Yorktown--quarters of Dr. Grant and Dr. Dwight, -of French's brigade, S.2378. - -Farnhold's house, near Yorktown, May, 1862, S.360. - -Moore's house, near Yorktown, S.462. - -Clark's house, near Yorktown--used as hospital, S.371. - -House used by General La Fayette during Revolutionary war as -Headquarters, S.369, S.372. - -Tabb's house, Yorktown, L.7413. - -=Camp Winfield Scott, headquarters Army of Potomac, in front of -Yorktown, May, 1862:= - ---views of camp, S.350, S.367, S.368. - ---Prince de Joinville, Duc de Chartres, Comte de Paris, English army -officers, and officers of General McClellan's staff, S.352, S.353, -S.354. - ---staff and foreign officers at General McClellan's headquarters, S.429, -S.355. - ---Prince de Joinville, Duc de Chartres, and Comte de Paris at mess -table, S.356, S.358. - ---group of staff officers at General McClellan's headquarters, S.388. - ---group of English officers at General McClellan's headquarters, S.638. - ---topographical engineers, S.366. - ---group at photographer's tent, S.349. - ---Captain Custer, U. S. A., and Lieutenant Washington, a confederate -prisoner, May, 1862, S.428. - ---orderlies and servants, S.359, S.444. - -Camp at General Andrew Porter's headquarters in front of Yorktown, May, -1862, S.370. - -General Andrew Porter's staff, May, 1862, S.389. - -Generals Franklin, Slocum, Barry, and Newton, and staff officers, May, -1862, S.381, S.382. - -Embarkation at Yorktown for White House Landing, S.2363. - -=Encampment of Army of Potomac at Cumberland Landing:= - ---view of camp, L.7597, L.7598, L.7519, L.7648, S.1180. - ---views making panoramic view, S.1076, S.1186, S.1212, S.1213, S.1214, -S.1219. - ---views making panoramic view, S.1215, S.1216, S.1217, S.1218. - ---seven views making one panoramic view, S.1220, S.1221, S.1222, S.1223, -S.1224, S.1225, S.1226. - -Foller's house, Cumberland Landing, S.385. - -Contrabands at Foller's house, Cumberland Landing, S.383. - -White House Landing, S.2485. - -Conway Landing, S.2490. - -View of river below White House Landing, S.2489. - -The White House, former residence of Mrs. Custis Washington, S.384. - -Ruins of the White House, S.2486. - -Camp of Christian Commission, at White House Landing, S.2487. - -Ruins of bridge across Pamunkey River, near White House Landing, S.386. - -Saint Peter's church, near White House, where General Washington was -married, S.2302, S.2303. - -Headquarters Army of Potomac, at Savage Station, June, 1862, S.468. - -Field hospital, at Savage Station, after battle of June 27, 1862, S.491. - -=Battlefield of Fair Oaks:= - ---house used as hospital for Hooker's division during the battle, S.478, -S.479. - ---house used as hospital, S.480. - ---house near which over four hundred soldiers were buried, S.470. - ---Sickles's brigade coming into line in distance, S.471. - ---Quarle's house, S.474. - ---earthworks at extreme front, S.472. - -Fort Richardson, near Fair Oaks Station, June, 1862, S.473. - -Fort Sumner, near Fair Oaks Station, June, 1862, S.476. - -Camp Lincoln, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, S.430. - -Battery,--First New York Artillery Battalion, near Fair Oaks, June, -1862, S.443, S.640. - -Robertson's Battery of Horse Artillery, Battery B, Second United States -Artillery, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, S.642, S.439. - -Benson's Battery of Horse Artillery, Battery M, Second United States -Artillery, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, S.433, S.641. - -Gibson's Battery of Horse Artillery, Battery C, Third United States -Artillery, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, S.431. - -Officers of Brigade of Horse Artillery, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, -S.434, S.639. - -General Stoneman, General Naglee, and staff officers, near Fair Oaks, -June, 1862, S.436, S.438, S.445. - -Gun captured by Butterfield's brigade, near Hanover Court House, S.2353, -S.2354. - -Mechanicsville, Va., S.909. - -Elliston's Mill, battlefield of Mechanicsville, S.920. - -Gaines's Mill, Va., S.932. - -Battlefield of Gaines's Mill, Va., unburied dead, S.914, S.916. - -Engineer Corps making corduroy roads, June, 1862, S.656. - -Bridge across Chickahominy River, built by Fifteenth New York Engineers, -S.489. - -Grape Vine Bridge across Chickahominy River, L.7383. - -Bridge across Chickahominy River, S.930. - -Bridge across Chickahominy River, Mechanicsville Road, S.913. - -Telegraph station, Wilcox's Landing, S.2351. - -Westover House, James River, S.2334, S.2335. - -Westover Landing, James River, S.620. - -Officers of Third and Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry, Westover Landing, -S.623, S.629. - -General W. W. Averell and staff, Westover Landing, S.635. - -Headquarters of Signal Corps camp at Harrison's Landing, S.621. - -General Sedgwick, Colonel Sackett, and Lieutenant-Colonel Colburn, -Harrison's Landing, August, 1862, S.653. - -Group of officers that graduated in class of 1860, United States -Military Academy, Harrison's Landing, August, 1862, S.624. - -Major Myers, Lieutenant Stryker, and Lieutenant Norton, Harrison's -Landing, August, 1862, S.626. - -Group of officers belonging to Irish brigade, Harrison's Landing, July, -1862, S.627. - -Lieutenants Jones, Bowen, and Custer, May, 1862, S.387. - - * * * * * - - ARMY OF POTOMAC. - - JULY, 1862, TO SEPTEMBER, 1862. - - _Pope's Campaign._ - -=Centreville, after its evacuation by confederate army in March, 1862:= - ---confederate barracks, L.7212, S.331, S.332, S.648, S.1045. - ---confederate fortifications, S.305, S.334, S.333, S.1144, S.1145. - ---headquarters of (confederate) General Johnston, S.303. - -=Manassas, after its evacuation by confederate army in March, 1862:= - ---destruction of railroad, L.7197. - ---confederate fortifications, L.7171, S.323, S.543, S.544, S.545, S.546. - -Yellow hospital, Manassas, July, 1862, S.650. - -Headquarters of General McDowell, near Manassas, July, 1862, S.646, -S.647. - -Our photographer, near Manassas, July, 1862, S.651. - -=Battlefield of Cedar Mountain:= - ---general views, S.500, S.506, S.511. - ---west view of the field, S.504. - ---dead horses, S.510. - ---house in which General Winder (confederate) was killed, S.501, S.502. - ---house used as confederate hospital, S.507. - ---Mrs. Hudson's house, S.505. - ---Slaughter's house, position of confederate battery, S.508. - -Federal battery fording a tributary of the Rappahannock River on day of -battle of Cedar Mountain, S.520. - -Hazel River, S.521. - -=Culpeper, Va.:= - ---general views of town, S.216, S.527, S.530. - ---court-house, S.523. - ---railroad depot, S.528, S.529. - ---street views, S.524, S.525, S.526. - -Troops building bridge across north fork of Rappahannock River, near -Fauquier Sulphur Springs, S.512, S.513, S.515. - -Fugitive negroes fording Rappahannock River, escaping from advance of -confederate army, S.518, S.519. - -Fauquier Sulphur Springs hotel, S.537, S.542. - -Rappahannock station, S.522. - -Rappahannock bridge, S.514, S.517. - -=Warrenton, Va.:= - ---street views, S.532, S.534. - ---court-house, S.533. - ---railroad depot, S.535, S.536. - ---church, S.736. - -Catlett's Station, August, 1862, S.594. - -Destruction of railroad rolling stock on Orange & Alexandria Railroad, -S.593. - -=Battlefield of Manassas:= - ---ruins of Mrs. Henry's house, S.320. - ---Thorburn's house, S.317. - ---Matthews's house, S.318. - ---Robinson's house, S.319, S.1176. - -Bridge across Bull Run, built by Engineers of McDowell's corps, August, -1862, S.547. - -Picket post near Blackburn's Ford, Bull Run, =S.=645. - -Sudley Ford, Bull Run, =S.=313, =S.=314. - -Sudley church, =S.=315, =S.=316, =S.=1017, =S.=1148. - -Ruins of stone bridge, Bull Run, =L.=7082, =S.=310, =S.=312. - -Ruins of bridge at Blackburn's Ford, Bull Run, =S.=2338. - -Bull Run, =S.=1111. - -Cub Run, =S.=307. - -Stone church, Centreville, =S.=302. - -Mrs. Spinner's house, near Centreville, =S.=308, =S.=309. - -Grigsby House (Stevens's house), near Centreville, =S.=1163, =S.=303. - -Fairfax court-house, =S.=298. - -Monument on battlefield of Groveton, =L.=7299, =S.=1193. - - * * * * * - - ARMY OF POTOMAC. - - SEPTEMBER, 1862, TO NOVEMBER, 1862. - - _Antietam Campaign._ - -=Battlefield at Antietam:= - ---view of part of the field on the day of the battle, =S.=671. - ---view on Antietam Creek, =S.=597. - ---signal station on Elk Mountain, =L.=7270, =L.=7563, =S.=633. - ---Antietam bridge, =S.=1178, =S.=1179. - ---Antietam bridge, looking up stream, =L.=7214, =S.=578. - ---Antietam bridge, looking down stream, =L.=7093, =S.=609. - ---Antietam bridge, southeastern view, =S.=608. - ---Antietam bridge, northeastern view, =S.=607. - ---Antietam bridge, eastern view, =S.=583, =S.=610, =S.=614. - ---Burnside bridge, looking up stream, =S.=584. - ---Burnside bridge, northeastern view, =S.=615. - ---Burnside bridge, southeastern view, =S.=600, =S.=601. - ---Burnside bridge, southwestern view, =S.=613. - ---Burnside bridge, northwestern view, =S.=612. - ---Miller's house, =L.=7019. - ---Newcomer's mill, =S.=582. - ---Sherrick's house, =S.=598. - ---Rullet's house, =S.=575. - ---Ruins of Mumma's house, =S.=574. - ---Real's barn, =S.=591. - ---General Hooker's headquarters during the battle, =S.=576. - ---Dunker church, =S.=573, =S.=1196. - ---bodies of dead confederate soldiers alongside the fence on Hagerstown -road, =S.=559, =S.=560, =S.=566, =S.=567. - ---bodies of dead confederate soldiers near Sherrick's house, =S.=554, -=S.=555, =S.=571. - ---views on the field where Sumner's corps charged, =S.=552, =S.=562, -=S.=564, =S.=568. - ---views in the ditch on the right, showing many dead confederates, -=S.=553, =S.=563, =S.=565. - ---bodies of dead confederate soldiers, =S.=325, =S.=326, =S.=567. - ---burying the dead, =S.=551, =S.=557, =S.=561, =S.=569. - ---graves of federal soldiers at Burnside bridge, =S.=585. - ---a lone grave, =S.=570. - ---confederate wounded at Smith's barn after the battle; Dr. Hurd, of -Fourteenth Indiana, in attendance, =S.=588, =S.=589, =S.=590, =S.=592. - -President Lincoln in General McClellan's tent at headquarters Army of -Potomac, October, 1862, =S.=602. - -General Marcy and other officers at headquarters Army of Potomac, -October, 1862, =S.=603. - -Blacksmith's forge and horse-shoers, at headquarters Army of Potomac, -September, 1862, =S.=587. - -Group at secret-service quarters, headquarters Army of Potomac, October, -1862, =S.=631. - -Major Allen Pinkerton, at secret-service quarters, October, 1826, -=S.=618. - -Sharpsburg, Md., September, 1862, =S.=595, =S.=599. - -Lutheran church, Sharpsburg, Md., September, 1862, =S.=596. - -Pontoon bridges and ruins of stone bridge across Potomac River at -Berlin, October, 1862,=L.=7437, =S.=616. - -=Harper's Ferry, W. Va.:= - ---general views, =L.=7443, =L.=7649, =S.=654. - ---Maryland Heights, =L.=7132, =L.=7441, =S.=1002. - ---Loudoun Heights, =L.=7072. - ---Maryland and, Loudoun Heights, =L.=7133. - ---Bolivar Heights, =L.=7187. - - * * * * * - - ARMY OF POTOMAC. - - NOVEMBER, 1862, TO JUNE, 1863. - - _Fredericksburg Campaign._ - -Generals of the Army of the Potomac, November 10, 1862, =L.=7380. - -General A. E. Burnside and staff, Warrenton, Va., November, 1862, -=L.=7186, =L.=7379, =L.=7382, =S.=1049. - -=Acquia Creek Landing:= - ---distant views, =S.=673, =S.=674, =S.=681. - ---wharves, =L.=7014, =L.=7446, =L.=7643, =S.=682. - ---quartermaster's office, =L.=7108, =S.=176. - ---commissary depot, =S.=680. - ---group at hospital, =L.=7355. - ---clerks at commissary depot, =L.=7322, =L.=7533. - ---employees at quartermaster's wagon-camp, =L.=7323. - ---Lieut.-Col. Sawtelle, Captain Forsyth, Dr. Wright, Lieut.-Col. Porter, -and others, at Acquia Creek Landing, =L.=7320. - -Phillips's house, near Falmouth, =S.=677. - -Lacey's house, near Falmouth, =S.=697, =S.=698. - -=Fredericksburg:= - ---view taken from Tyler's battery, =S.=676. - ---panoramic view, =S.=683, =S.=1191. - ---lower end of town, =S.=178. - ---houses, showing effect of shelling on December 13, 1862, =S.=716, -=S.=717, =S.=718, =S.=719, =S.=2511. - -Barnard's house, below Fredericksburg, destroyed during battle, -=L.=7141. - -Marye's house, on Marye's Heights, in rear of Fredericksburg, rifle-pits -in front, =S.=733, =S.=734. - -A frame house on Marye's Heights, in rear of Fredericksburg, showing -effects of shot and shell, =S.=735. - -Embarkation of Ninth Corps at Acquia Creek Landing, February, 1863, -=S.=679. - -=Headquarters Army of Potomac:= - ---group of staff officers, =S.=693, =S.=695. - ---Lieutenant-Colonel Dickinson and other officers, =L.=7467. - ---Dr. Letterman, medical director, and other officers, =L.=7356. - ---clerks in office of Assistant Adjutant-General, =S.=177. - ---post-office, =L.=7314, =L.=7396. - ---mail-wagon, =S.=296. - -General Alfred Pleasonton and Captain Custer, near Falmouth, April, -1863, =L.=7551. - -General J. H. H. Ward and group, Acquia Creek Landing, February, 1863, -=L.=7040. - -Colonel Graham and other officers, Falmouth, Va., March, 1863, =L.=7525. - -Captains Moore, Russell, and Chandler, of General Hooker's staff, -Falmouth, Va., April, 1863, =L.=7552. - -Major Whitney, Captain Harrison, and Captain Owen, Warrenton, Va, -November, 1862, =L.=7450. - -Company "I" Sixth Pennsylvania (Rush's lancers), near Falmouth, June, -1863, =L.=7140. - -Camp of One Hundred and Fiftieth Pennsylvania Infantry, March, 1863, -=S.=297. - -Headquarters of Sixty-first New York Infantry, and group of officers, -near Falmouth, Va., April, 1863, =L.=7530, =L.=7531. - -Balloon Camp, near Falmouth, Va., March, 1863, =S.=678. - -Ambulance train of Engineer Brigade, near Falmouth, April, 1863, -=L.=7523, =S.=516. - - - * * * * * - - ARMY OF POTOMAC. - - JUNE AND JULY, 1863. - - _Gettysburg Campaign._ - -Headquarters Army of Potomac, near Fairfax Court House, June, 1863, -=L.=7507. - -Commissary tent, and Capt Howard and group, at headquarters Army of -Potomac, near Fairfax Court House, June, 1863, =L.=7438, =L.=7549. - -=Emmettsburg, Md.:= - ---view of the town, =S.=272. - ---Farmer's Hotel, =S.=228. - ---Mount Saint Mary's College, =L.=7234, =L.=7357, =S.=269, =S.=270. - ---Saint Joseph's Academy, =L.=7473, =L.=7595, =S.=271. - -=Gettysburg, Pa.:= - ---view of town from Culp's Hill, =L.=7360. - ---view of town from the cemetery, =S.=273. - ---college, =L.=7596. - ---seminary, =S.=2393. - ---office of Sanitary Commission, =S.=238. - ---entrance to National Cemetery, July, 1865, =L.=7248, =L.=7489. - ---dedication of monument, =S.=1159, =S.=1160. - ---White's house, near Gettysburg, =L.=7465. - -=Battlefield of Gettysburg:= - ---General Meade's headquarters, =S.=259, =S.=1167. - ---General R. E. Lee's (confederate) headquarters, =S.=2394, =S.=2395. - ---scene at Trossel's barn, where Ninth Massachusetts Battery was cut up, -showing dead horses, =S.=266. - ---scene at Trossel's house, near center of battlefield, =S.=248. - ---bodies of dead confederate sharpshooters among the rocks in front of -Little Round Top, =L.=7096, =S.=229, =S.=237, =S.=244, =S.=251, =S.=258, -=S.=263. - ---body of confederate soldier disemboweled by a shell, =L.=7258, -=S.=274. - ---a shattered caisson, and dead horses, =S.=226. - ---bodies of confederate soldiers killed by fire of federal batteries on -Round Top, =S.=236. - ---bodies of dead in the "wheat field," near Emmettsburg road--scene of -fighting on second day, =S.=227, =S.=239, =S.=256, =S.=257, =S.=260, -=S.=268. - ---bodies of dead confederate soldiers of South Carolina Regiment on the -left of their line, =S.=240, =S.=250. - ---bodies of dead confederate soldiers who were killed in fight on first -day, collected for burial, =S.=233, =S.=235, =S.=245, =S.=246. - ---bodies of dead in the woods In front of Little Round Top, =S.=249, -=S.=252, =S.=253. - ---views in the "slaughter pen" showing dead confederates at foot of -Little Round Top, =S.=262, =S.=265, =S.=267. - ---views of temporary intrenchments of federal troops on Little Round -Top, =S.=230, =S.=231, =S.=241, =S.=247, =S.=255, =S.=261, =S.=264. - ---views of Little Round Top, =L.=7318, =L.=7319, =L.=7491, =L.=7493. - ---bodies of dead federal soldiers on the field where General Reynolds -was killed, =S.=234, =S.=243. - -=Battlefield of Gettysburg,--Continued:= - ---bodies of dead federal soldiers in front of Seminary Ridge, =S.=242. - ---Little Round Top, =S.=2400. - ---woods on federal left, showing wounded trees, or how the bullets flew, -=S.=2386, =S.=2391. - ---breastworks on federal left, =S.=2387. - ---old cemetery gate, =S.=2388, =S.=2389. - -John L. Burns, the "hero of Gettysburg," recovering from his wounds, -=S.=2401, =S.=2402. - -John L. Burns's cottage, =S.=2403. - - * * * * * - - ARMY OF POTOMAC. - - AUGUST, 1863, TO DECEMBER, 1863. - - _Gettysburg to Mine Run._ - -Destruction of Orange & Alexandria Railroad by the confederates on their -retreat from Manassas in October, 1863, =S.=173, =S.=174. - -Rebuilding bridge on Orange & Alexandria Railroad, across Cedar Run, -near Catlett's Station, =S.=343. - -Generals of the Army of the Potomac, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, -=L.=7329. - -=Headquarters Army of Potomac, Bealeton, Va.:= - ---General Patrick's quarters near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, =L.=7120. - ---sutler's tent, =L.=7216. - ---Colonel Sharpe and officers of secret service, =S.=213. - ---military telegraph operators, =L.=7311, =L.=7312, =L.=7358. - ---officers of Signal Corps, =L.=7374. - ---Captain Pierce, Captain Page, Captain Howell, Lieutenant Kelly, -=L.=7332, =L.=7333, =L.=7375. - ---wagons and horses of quartermaster's repair shops, =S.=276, =L.=7328. - ---Captain Kimball's tent, =S.=215. - -"John Henry" at Headquarters Third Army Corps, staff officers, =L.=7339. - -Dr. Murray's house, near Auburn, Va., =L.=7081, =S.=224. - -General Pleasonton's headquarters, near Auburn, Va., =S.=275. - -Battery A, Fourth United States Artillery, Culpeper, Va., September, -1863, =L.=7334. - -Headquarters of Battery,--United States Artillery, Culpeper, Va., -September, 1863, =L.=7341, =L.=7342. - -Officers of Eightieth New York Infantry (Twentieth N. Y. S. M.), -Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, =L.=7071, =L.=7373. - -Camp of Ninety-third New York Infantry, near Bealeton, Va., August, -1863, =S.=212, =S.=219. - -Officers of Ninety-third New York Infantry, near Bealeton, Va., August, -1863, =L.=7515. - -Officers of regimental staff of Ninety-third New York Infantry, near -Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, =L.=7011, =S.=284. - -Commissioned officers' mess, Company D, Ninety-third New York Infantry, -near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, =S.=218. - -Non-commissioned officers' mess, Company D, Ninety-third New York -Infantry, near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, =S.=217. - -Commissioned officers' mess, Company E, Ninety-third New York Infantry, -near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, =S.=225. - -Commissioned officers' mess, Company F, Ninety-third New York Infantry, -near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, =S.=220. - -Camp in the woods, near Culpeper, Va., November, 1863, =S.=223. - -General Custer and General Pleasonton, Warrenton, Va., October, 1863, -=L.=7371. - -General Mott, General Ward, Colonels Austin, Brewster, and Farnum, -October, 1863, =L.=7079, =S.=280. - -Lieutenant-Colonel Wood and other officers, Culpeper, Va., November, -1863, =S.=222. - -Officers of Horse Artillery Brigade, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, -=L.=7076, =L.=7078, =L.=7083, =L.=7607. - -Surgeons of Second Division, Third Corps, Culpeper, Va., September, -1863, =L.=7378. - -Catlett's Station, =S.=594. - -Rappahannock Station, =S.=522. - -Ruins of hotel at Fauquier Sulphur Springs, =L.=7092, =S.=293, =S.=1161. - -Residence of John Minor Botts, =L.=7123, =L.=7124, =L.=7125, =S.=286, -=S.=287. - -=Warrenton, Va.:= - ---street views, =S.=532, =S.=534. - ---court-house, =S.=533. - ---railroad depot, =S.=535, =S.=536. - ---church, =S.=736. - -=Culpeper, Va.:= - ---general views of town, =S.=216, =S.=527, =S.=530. - ---court-house, =S.=523. - ---railroad depot, =S.=528, =S.=529. - ---street views, =S.=524, =S.=525, =S.=526. - ---Wallack's house, =L.=7080. - -Headquarters of New York Herald in the field, near Bealeton, Va., -August, 1863, =L.=7235, =L.=7237, =S.=294. - -Newsboy in camp, =S.=617. - -Headquarters of Christian Commission, Germantown, Va., August, 1863, -=L.=7471. - -Gimlet, a noted war-horse on the Rappahannock, =S.=643. - -Contrabands at leisure, =S.=221. - - * * * * * - - ARMY OF POTOMAC - - DECEMBER, 1863, TO MAY, 1864. - - _Winter Quarters at Brandy Station and Vicinity._ - -View near Brandy Station, =L.=7624. - -=Headquarters Army of Potomac, April, 1864:= - ----- eastern half of camp, =L.=7337, =L.=7495, =S.=130, =S.=131. - ----- western half of camp, =S.=130, =L.=7327. - ----- quarters of chief commissary, =L.=7325, =L.=7352. - ----- officers' winter quarters, =L.=7126, =L.=7161, =L.=7163. - ----- quarters of chief quartermaster (General Ingalls), =L.=7621. - ----- army post-office, =L.=7587. - ----- provost-marshal's office, =L.=7259. - ----- General Patrick's quarters, =S.=125. - ----- Colonel Sharpe's quarters, =S.=124, =S.=129. - ----- Captain Harry Clinton's quarters, =L.=7326, =L.=7500, =S.=128. - ----- commissary department, =S.=123. - ----- camp of Military Telegraph Corps, =L.=7353, =S.=126. - ----- quarters of scouts and guides, =S.=127. - ----- quartermaster's repair shops, =S.=136. - -Headquarters of General D. B. Birney, =L.=7628. - -Headquarters of General J. H. H. Ward, =L.=7626, =L.=7627. - -Headquarters of First Brigade Horse Artillery, =L.=7157, =L.=7590, -=L.=7634, =L.=7637. - -=Headquarters Third Army Corps:= - ----- quarters of Colonel Howard, chief quartermaster, =L.=7277. - ----- quarters of Captain Bates, =S.=133, =S.=137. - -A regimental winter headquarters, =L.=7309. - -Headquarters Fifth Army Corps, officers' quarters, =L.=7158. - -Headquarters Third Division, Cavalry Corps, =L.=7638. - -Sutler's tent, First Brigade Horse Artillery, =L.=7164, =L.=7165, -=L.=7496. - -Field hospital of First Division, Second Corps, =L.=7301. - -Field hospital of Second Division, Second Corps, =L.=7305, =L.=7306. - -Field hospital of Third Division, Second Corps, =L.=7146, =L.=7632. - -Mail-wagon of Second Army Corps, =L.=7303. - -=Camp of United States Engineer Battalion, March, 1864:= - ----- general views of camp, =L.=7310, =L.=7433, =L.=7560. - ----- headquarters, =L.=7097. - ----- officers' quarters, =L.=7109. - ----- quarters of Co. D, =L.=7005. - -Camp of Eighteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, =L.=7650. - -Camp of One Hundred and Fourteenth Pennsylvania Infantry, =L.=7308, -=L.=7612. - -Guard mounting of One Hundred and Fourteenth Pennsylvania Infantry, -=L.=7613, =S.=134, =S.=135. - -Camp of Sixth New York Artillery, =L.=7265. - -=Camp of Fiftieth New York Engineers, near Rappahannock Station, March, -1864,--Winter Camp:= - ----- winter camp, general view, =L.=7461, =L.=7276, =L.=7276, =S.=138. - ----- stockade entrance, =L.=7351. - ----- sutler's hut, =L.=7290. - ----- quarters of field and staff =L.=7293, =L.=7604, =L.=7608. - ----- quarters of line officers, =L.=7614. - -General Meade, General Sedgwick, and staff officers, at headquarters -Horse Artillery Brigade, =L.=7618, =S.=1228. - -Major William Riddle and group, at headquarters Army of Potomac, -=S.=139. - -General Rufus Ingalls and other officers, at headquarters Army of -Potomac, =L.=7497, =L.=7610. - -A dinner party at headquarters Army of Potomac, =S.=132, =S.=140. - -General Judson Kilpatrick and staff, Stevensburg, Va., =L.=7224, -=L.=7516. - -Captain J. M. Robertson and staff, First Brigade Horse Artillery, -=L.=7555, =L.=7589. - -Provost-marshals of Third Corps, =L.=7088, =L.=7402. - -Colonel Sharpe and officers of Secret Service Department, headquarters -Army of Potomac, =L.=7202. - -Scouts and guides of Army of Potomac, =L.=7105, =L.=7294, =L.=7599. - -Clerks at headquarters Army of Potomac, =L.=7184. - -Clerks in provost-marshal's office at headquarters Army of Potomac, -=L.=7130, =L.=7291. - -Canvas pontoon wagon, =L.=7128, =L.=7272. - -Canvas pontoon boat, =L.=7273. - -Pontoon wagon and boat (side view), =L.=7160, =L.=7181. - -Pontoon boat (front view), =L.=7074, =L.=7584. - -Pontoon boat (rear view), =L.=7585, =L.=7586. - -Ordnance train of Third Division, Cavalry Corps, =L.=7640. - -Military Telegraph Construction Corps, =L.=7117. - -Wagon park, near Brandy Station, =L.=7268. - - * * * * * - - ARMY OF POTOMAC. - - MAY, 1864, TO JUNE, 1864. - - _Wilderness Campaign._ - -=Belle Plain Landing, Potomac River:= - ----- general view, =S.=708. - ----- camp of Second New York Artillery and First Massachusetts -Artillery, =S.=709, =S.=710. - -=Belle Plain Landing, Potomac River,--Continued:= - ---distant views, =S.=2476, =S.=2477. - ---pontoon wharves, =S.=705, =S.=707, =S.=2480, =S.=2482, =S.=2483. - ---quartermaster's camp, =S.=704. - ---camp of Sanitary Commission, =S.=2484. - ---Sanitary Commission wagons, =S.=2478. - -Headquarters of Sanitary Commission at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, -=S.=737. - -Store-rooms of Sanitary Commission at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, -=S.=739. - -Cooking-tents of Sanitary Commission at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, -=S.=742. - -Officers and nurses of Sanitary Commission at Fredericksburg, Va., May. -1864, =S.=741. - -Wounded soldiers from the Wilderness of Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, -=S.=740, =S.=2507. - -Burial of dead at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, =S.=2506, =S.=2508, -=S.=2509. - -Soldiers filling their water-cart, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, -=S.=2504, =S.=2505. - -Soldiers drawing water, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, =S.=2512. - -Views of Fredericksburg, from north bank of Rappahannock River, =S.=178, -=S.=683. - -Court-house, Fredericksburg, Va., =S.=713. - -Wagon-trains crossing Rappahannock River on pontoon bridge, below -Fredericksburg, =S.=715. - -Battery-wagon of military telegraph corps, =S.=786. - -Evacuation of Port Royal, Rappahannock River, May 30, 1864, =S.=2491, -=S.=2492. - -Ruins of bridge at Germania Mills, Rapidan River, May, 1864, =S.=700. - -Troops crossing pontoon bridges over Rapidan River, at Germania Mills, -May, 1864, =S.=701, =S.=702. - -Massaponax church, May 21, 1864, =S.=729. - -Council of war, at Massaponax church, May 21, 1864, General Grant -leaning over General Meade's shoulder, examining map, =S.=732, =S.=730, -=S.=731. - -Confederate prisoners captured from Johnson's division of Ewell's corps, -May 12, encamped at Belle Plain awaiting transportation, =S.=703. - -Beverly's house, near Spottsylvania court-house, used as headquarters by -General Warren, May, 1864, =S.=728. - -View from Beverly's house, looking toward Spottsylvania court-house, -May, 1864, =S.=727. - -Allsop's house, near Spottsylvania court-house, point of Ewell's attack -on the federal right on May 19, (bringing in the wounded,) =S.=721. - -Confederate dead of Ewell's Corps on the field near Allsop's house after -Ewell's attack on May 19, =S.=723, =S.=725, =S.=726. - -First Massachusetts Artillery burying the dead at Mrs. Allsop's house -after Ewell's attack of May 19, =S.=722, =S.=724. - -=Canvas pontoon bridge across North Anna River at Jericho Mills; point -at which Fifth Corps crossed, May, 1864:= - ---views from north bank, =S.=745, =S.=746, =S.=747. - ---views from south bank, =S.=748, =S.=750. - ---Fifth Corps ammunition train crossing, =S.=751. - -Fiftieth New York engineers constructing road on south bank of North -Anna River at Jericho Mills, May, 1864, =L.=7304, =S.=749, =S.=1079. - -Chesterfield bridge, North Anna River, May, 1864, =S.=752, =S.=753. - -Confederate fortifications at Chesterfield bridge, North Anna River, -captured by Second Corps, May, 1864, =S.=755, =S.=756. - -Destroyed railroad bridge across North Anna River, May, 1864, =S.=762. - -Quarle's Mill, North Anna River, May, 1864, =S.=757, =S.=758, =S.=761. - -Log bridge across North Anna River at Quarle's mill, where portion of -Fifth Corps crossed and carried enemy's line of works on crest of hill, -May, 1864, =S.=759, =S.=760. - -Pontoon bridges over North Anna River, on which portion of Second Corps -crossed, May, 1864, =S.=763, =S.=764, =S.=765. - -Bethel church, headquarters of General Burnside, May, 1864, =S.=744. - -Canvas pontoon bridges over the Pamunkey River at Hanovertown Ferry, -May, 1864, =L.=7395, =S.=766, =S.=767. - -Pontoon bridge over the Pamunkey River at Mrs. Nelson's crossing, May, -1864, =S.=768. - -Ruins of bridge over Pamunkey River at Mrs. Nelson's crossing, May, -1864, =S.=769. - -Old Church hotel, near Cold Harbor, June, 1864, =S.=770. - -Burnett's house, near Cold Harbor, June, 1864, =S.=771. - -Camp in the woods at Cold Harbor, June, 1864, =S.=772. - -Part of battlefield of Cold Harbor, =S.=1173. - -Collecting remains of the dead on battlefield of Cold Harbor, months -after the battle, for permanent burial, =S.=918. - -Photographer's camp at Cold Harbor, =S.=2447. - -=Charles City, Va., June, 1864:= - ---views of court-house, June, 1864, =S.=773, =S.=774, =S.=775, =S.=776, -=S.=777, =S.=778. - ---view of jail, June, 1864, =S.=779. - ---ruins of town, June, 1864, =S.=780. - -Marshes on north bank of James River, at point at which Army of Potomac -crossed, June, 1864, =S.=960. - -Pontoon bridge over James River, on which Army of Potomac crossed, June, -1864, =L.=7484, =S.=781, =S.=2465. - - - * * * * * - - ARMY OF POTOMAC - - JUNE, 1864, TO APRIL, 1865. - - _Siege of Petersburg._ - -Six different views on James River at City Point, =S.=793, =S.=798, -=S.=799, =S.=958, =S.=2452, =S.=2453. - -Seventeen different views on the docks at City Point, =L.=7044, =S.=794, -=S.=795, =S.=796, =S.=797, =S.=812, =S.=813, =S.=2456, =S.=2457 -=S.=2458, =S.=2459, =S.=2460, =S.=2449, =S.=2450, =S.=2454, 8.2455, -=S.=3332. - -View on docks at City Point after explosion of ordnance barges, -=L.=7254, =L.=7255, =L.=7449. - -Railroad depot, City Point, =S.=2461. - -General hospital, City Point, =L.=7134, =L.=7399, =L.=7664. - -Hospital landing and medical supply boat Planter, on Appomattox River, -near City Point, =L.=7050, =S.=1038. - -Group of staff officers at General Grant's headquarters, =S.=3401, -=S.=3402. - -Stable at General Grant's headquarters, =L.=7004. - -Cattle corral near City Point, =S.=2462, =S.=2463. - -Generals of the Army of Potomac, =L.=7100, =L.=7252. - -Non-commissioned officers of General Grant's cavalry escort, City Point, -March, 1865, =L.=7445. - -Group of provost-guard at headquarters Army of Potomac, February, 1865, -=L.=7251. - -Camp of Third Pennsylvania Cavalry at headquarters Army of Potomac, -February, 1865, =L.=7298. - -Camp of Oneida Cavalry at headquarters Army of Potomac, February, 1865, -=L.=7112. - -Camp of military telegraph operators at headquarters Army of Potomac, -August, 1864, =S.=282. - -Group of officers at headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864, -=L.=7135, =L.=7136. - -Capt. H. P. Clinton and clerks, at headquarters Army of Potomac, August, -1864, =L.=7529, =L.=7537. - -Military telegraph operators at headquarters Army of Potomac, August, -1864, =L.=7478, =S.=1023, =S.=1025, =S.=1030, =S.=1032, =S.=1033. - -Assistant engineers and draughtsmen at headquarters Army of Potomac, -November, 1864, =L.=7106, =L.=7107, =L.=7116. - -Officers of First Massachusetts Cavalry at headquarters Army of Potomac, -August, 1864, =L.=7390, =L.=7490. - -Officers and non-commissioned officers of First Massachusetts Cavalry at -headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864 =L.=7354, =L.=7391. - -Company C, First Massachusetts Cavalry, at headquarters Army of Potomac, -August, 1864, =L.=7295. - -Company D, First Massachusetts Cavalry, at headquarters Army of Potomac. -August, 1864, =L.=7392, =L.=7476. - -Detachment of Third Indiana Cavalry at headquarters Army of Potomac, -November, 1864, =L.=7023, =L.=7068. - -=One Hundred and Fourteenth Pennsylvania Infantry provost-guard at -headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864:= - ---officers, =L.=7137, =L.=7138, =L.=7316, =L.=7602. - ---officers of Company--,=L.=7144, =L.=7145, =L.=7173. - ---Company F, =L.=7003, =L.=7038, =L.=7143, =L.=7175, =L.=7447. - ---Company G, =L.=7108, =L.=7348. - ---Company H, =L.=7077, =L.=7262, =L.=7263. - -=United States Engineer Battalion, August, 1864:= - ---Company A, =L.=7062, =L.=7384, =L.=7386. - ---Company C, =L.=7240, =L.=7568. - ---Company D, =L.=7054, =L.=7548. - ---Essayon's Dramatic Club, =L.=7336, =L.=7439. - ---Battalion headquarters, =L.=7065. - -=Camp of Fiftieth New York Engineers, November, 1864:= - ---colonel's quarters, Colonel Spaulding at the door, =L.=7059, =S.=1047. - ---headquarters, =L.=7167, =S.=1028, =S.=1048. - ---surgeon's quarters, =L.=7233. - ---officers' quarters and church, =L.=7210, =L.=7213, =S.=344, =S.=3338. - ---church, =L.=7151, =S.=345, =S.=3339, =S.=3340. - ---commissary department, =L.=7060. - -Officers of the Fiftieth Now York Engineers celebrating the 4th of July, -1864, =S.=790, =S.=791. - -Camp of Thirteenth New York Artillery, =S.=2495, =S.=2496. - -Sutler's tent, Second Division, Ninth Corps, =S.=2448. - -Winter headquarters of Sixth Army Corps, February, 1865, =L.=7545. - -Headquarters of General O. B. Willcox, August, 1864, =L.=7222. - -Winter quarters of photographers attached to United States Engineer -Battalion, March, 1865, =L.=7347. - -Winter camp of Second Wisconsin Infantry, February, 1865, =L.=7543. - -Camp of chief ambulance officer of Ninth Corps, August, 1864, =L.=7538, -=L.=7667, =S.=818. - -A summer camp in the woods, August, 1864, =L.=7152, =L.=7154, =S.=1037. - -Execution of Johnson (a colored soldier) for attempted rape, June, 1864, -=S.=783. - -Troops drawn up to witness execution of a deserter, August, 1864, -=S.=983. - -Commissary depot at Cedar Level, August, 1864, =S.=819, =L.=7182, -=L.=7645. - -Surgeons of First Division, Ninth Corps, October, 1864, =L.=7448. - -Surgeons of Second Division, Ninth Corps, October, 1864, =L.=7567, -=L.=7575. - -Hospital stewards of Second Division, Ninth Corps, October, 1864, -=L.=7296, =L.=7571. - -Surgeons of Third Division, Ninth Corps, August, 1864, =L.=7042, -=L.=7063. - -Surgeons of Fourth Division, Ninth Corps, August, 1864, =L.=7045, -=L.=7046. - -Chaplains of Ninth Corps, October, 1864, =L.=7049. - -Employees of quartermaster of First Division, Ninth Corps, forage -department, November, 1864, =L.=7569. - -Employees of quartermaster of First Division, Ninth Corps, mechanics, -November, 1864, =L.=7048. - -Surgeon Brinton and others, October, 1864, =L.=7564. - -=Outer line of confederate fortifications captured by Eighteenth Corps -on June 15, 1864:= - ---redoubt near Dunn's house, =S.=784, =S.=785, =S.=1027. - ---redoubt and curtain, =S.=1137. - ---interior view, with Cowan's 1st New York battery in occupation, -=S.=787, =S.=788, =S.=2343. - -Confederate camp captured by Eighteenth Corps, June 15, 1864, =S.=782. - -The "Dictator"--13-inch mortar, August, 1864, =L.=7394, =L.=7463, -=S.=820, =S.=822. - -Railroad battery, =S.=1171, =S.=1245. - -Bomb-proof soldiers' restaurant on the lines, =S.=1051. - -General view from the signal tower, =L.=7631. - -Bomb-proof quarters in federal camp, =S.=118, =S.=801, =S.=802, =S.=803, -=S.=804, =S.=805, =S.=806, =S.=808, =S.=809, =S.=810, =S.=950, =S.=1053, -=S.=1065, =S.=1073, =S.=3336, =S.=3337. - -=Fort Sedgwick ("Fort Hell"):= - ---interior views, showing bomb-proof quarters of garrison, =L.=7534, -=S.=1084, =S.=1093, =S.=1094, =S.=1095, =S.=3334, =S.=3335. - ---officer's bomb-proof quarters in Fort Sedgwick, =S.=1085. - ---interior view of the fort, looking south from its center, =L.=7633. - -View of federal line, looking from right of Fort Sedgwick to the left, -=L.=7115. - -Fort Steadman, interior view, =S.=1086, =S.=3341, =S.=3342, =S.=3343. - -Crow's Nest battery and lookout, =S.=2494. - -Confederate fortifications at Gracie's salient, =L.=7018, =S.=1059, -=S.=1060, =S.=1061. - -Fort McGilvery, confederate fortifications, =S.=1050, =S.=1052, -=S.=1054, =S.=1057, =S.=1058, =S.=1063, =S.=1064, =S.=1066, =S.=1067, -=S.=1068, =S.=1069, =S.=1071, =S.=1072, =S.=1074, =S.=1075, =S.=1091. - -Fortifications on the lines, not known whether federal or confederate, -=S.=35, =S.=950, =S.=1055, =S.=1062, =S.=1070, =S.=1096, =S.=1097. - -"High Bridge," across Appomattox River, Southside Railroad, =L.=7162, -=L.=7179, =L.=7286, =L.=7287, =S.=1013, =S.=1184. - -McLean's house, scene of General Lee's surrender, =L.=7191, =L.=7292, -=S.=1210. - -Appomattox court-house, =L.=7169, =L.=7189, =L.=7193, =S.=1164. - -First wagon-train entering Petersburg, =L.=7172, =S.=951. - -=Petersburg, Va.:= - ---view of gas works, showing effect of bombardment, =S.=1021, =S.=1182. - ---view of planing-mills, showing effect of bombardment, =S.=1104. - ---Blandford church, =L.=7269, =S.=1089, =S.=1090. - ---street views, =S.=952, =S.=959, =L.=7444. - ---female seminary, =L.=7315. - ---Michler's cottage, =L.=7485. - ---Brant's house, =L.=7522. - ---Appomattox River above city, =S.=1092. - ---Johnson's mill, =L.=7207, =S.=1102, =S.=1103. - ---merchant's mill, =L.=7113. - ---cotton mills, =S.=1081, =S.=1082, =S.=1083, =S.=1087, =S.=1088, -=S.=1098, =S.=1100, =S.=1101, =S.=1105, =S.=1106, =S.=1107, =S.=1108, -=S.=1110, =S.=1112, =S.=1113, =S.=1114. - - * * * * * - - ARMY OF THE JAMES. - -Bermuda Hundred Landing--distant view, taken from City Point, =S.=2451. - -Signal tower on left of Bermuda Hundred lines, near Appomattox River, -=L.=7006, =S.=1015, =S.=2500, =S.=2501, =S.=2502. - -Army bridge across James River, near Varina Landing, =L.=7174, =S.=953, -=S.=954. - -Varina Landing, James River, =S.=10, =S.=957. - -Aiken's house, near Varina Landing, James River, =S.=2464. - -Signal station on James River, =S.=2503. - -Transports and monitors in James River, near Deep Bottom, =S.=2466. - -Dutch Gap Canal, =L.=7482, =S.=955, =S.=956, =S.=1121, =S.=1122. - -Federal obstructions in Trent's Reach, James River, =S.=2475. - -Confederate gunboat sunk in James River, above Dutch Gap Canal, -=S.=1124. - -Views on James River between Dutch Gap Canal and Drewry's Bluff, =S.=22, -=S.=23, =S.=1128, =S.=1133. - -Confederate obstructions in James River, near Drewry's Bluff, =S.=1116, -=S.=1117, =S.=3350, =S.=3351. - -=Fort Darling (confederate), Drewry's Bluff, James River:= - ---exterior views, =S.=1118, =S.=1119, =S.=1123, =S.=1126, =S.=3347. - ---interior views, =S.=55, =S.=56, =S.=1138, =S.=3344, =S.=3345, -=S.=3346, =S.=3352, =S.=3353. - -Confederate water battery, Fort Darling, Drewry's Bluff, James River, -=S.=1120, =S.=3348, =S.=3349. - -=Confederate battery at Howlett House, Trent's Reach, James River:= - ---general views, =S.=13, =S.=14. - ---traverse and gun, =S.=15, =S.=17, =S.=18, =S.=19, =S.=20, =S.=21. - -Confederate battery on James River, above Dutch Gap, =S.=24, =S.=25, -=S.=26, =S.=27, =S.=28, =S.=32, =S.=34, =S.=36, =S.=38, =S.=39, =S.=41, -=S.=42, =S.=43, =S.=44, =S.=45, =S.=46, =S.=47, =S.=48, =S.=49, =S.=50, -=S.=51, =S.=52, =S.=53, =S.=54, =S.=58. - -Fort Brady, interior view, =S.=2316. - -Fort Brady, building winter quarters, =S.=2315. - -Fortifications on the lines to the right of Fort Brady, =S.=2314. - -Fort Burnham, previously confederate Fort Harrison, =S.=2498. - -Headquarters Tenth Army Corps, General Alfred Terry, =S.=2443. - -Headquarters Second Division, Tenth Corps, General Birney, =S.=2446. - -Headquarters Eighteenth Corps, General Godfrey Weitzel, =S.=2445. - -Headquarters of General Adelbert Ames, =S.=2347. - -General R. =S.= Foster's Headquarters, near Fort Brady, =S.=2317. - -Camp of Fifth Pennsylvania Cavalry, =S.=2497. - -Interior of Surgeon McKay's quarters, =S.=1024. - -Surgeon McKay and others, Army of the James, =L.=7442. - -Surgeons of Tenth Army Corps, =L.=7194. - -Contrabands on Aiken's farm, =S.=2497. - - * * * * * - - CITY OF RICHMOND, VA. - - IN APRIL, 1865. - -General views of the city, =L.=7026, =L.=7110, =L.=7159, =L.=7623, -=S.=875, =S.=3621, =S.=3622. - -Panoramic view of the city, =S.=881, =S.=882, =S.=3619, =S.=3620. - -Views in the "burnt district," =S.=856, =S.=857, =S.=858, =S.=864, -=S.=872, =S.=900, =S.=901, =S.=902, =S.=903, =S.=904, =S.=905, =S.=906, -=S.=942, =S.=943, =S.=944, =S.=945, =S.=946, =S.=3355, =S.=3356. - -Ruins of Mayo's bridge, =L.=7574, =S.=874, =S.=1181. - -Ruins of Richmond & Danville Railroad bridge, =L.=7646, =S.=853, -=S.=869. - -Ruins of Richmond & Petersburg Railroad bridge, =S.=846, =S.=870, -=S.=885, =S.=3361. - -Ruins of paper mill, =S.=867. - -Ruins of arsenal, =L.=7561, =S.=848, =S.=861, =S.=863, =S.=879, =S.=887, -=S.=888, =S.=889, =S.=907. - -Ruins of State armory, =L.=7030, =S.=865. - -Ruins of State armory, and view down James River, =L.=7111, =L.=7236, -=S.=883, =S.=884. - -Ruins of Gallego flour-mills, =L.=7031, =L.=7176, =L.=7177, =S.=854, -=S.=886, =S.=908, =S.=939. - -Haxall & Crenshaw flour-mills, =S.=852, =S.=880. - -Ruins of Exchange Bank, =S.=3357. - -Ruins of Southern Express office, =S.=3354. - -Tredegar iron-works, =L.=7542, =S.=847, =S.=862, =S.=3358. - -Views on canal basin, =L.=7033, =S.=940, =S.=947. - -Views on the canal, =L.=7617, =S.=941, =S.=868, =S.=940. - -Libby Prison, =L.=7557, =S.=873, =S.=895, =S.=3364, =S.=3365. - -Kerr's tobacco factory, storehouse for federal supplies for prisoners, -=S.=894. - -Castle Thunder, =L.=7616, =S.=859, =S.=897, =S.=3362, =S.=3363, -=S.=3617. - -Views on Belle Isle, =S.=871, =S.=876, =S.=891. - -Pontoon bridge across James River, =S.=1011, =S.=3372, =S.=3373. - -View of James River from Hollywood Cemetery, =S.=929. - -Views of James River during freshet, =S.=877, =S.=878. - -State capitol, =S.=3359, =S.=3360. - -Governor's mansion, =S.=3378. - -General Washington's headquarters, =S.=935. - -Residence of Jefferson Davis, President of Confederate States, =S.=911, -=S.=3376. - -Residence of Alexander H. Stephens, Vice-President of Confederate -States, =S.=912. - -Residence of General Robert E. Lee, =L.=7087, =S.=925, =S.=3375. - -Washington Monument, =L.=7028, =S.=855, =S.=919. - -Henry Clay Monument, =S.=3383. - -Monumental Church, =S.=928, =S.=3369. - -First African Church, =S.=3368. - -Saint Paul's Church, =S.=937. - -Saint John's Church, =S.=3366, =S.=3367. - -Ballard House, =S.=921. - -Spotswood House, =S.=938. - -City Hall, =S.=850, =S.=923. - -City almshouse, =S.=860. - -Street views, =S.=866, =S.=926, =S.=927, =S.=936. - -=Hollywood Cemetery:= - ---graves of confederate soldiers, =S.=931, =S.=1020. - ---tomb of President Monroe, =L.=7372, =S.=910, =S.=3379. - ---grave of General J. E. B. Stuart, =S.=3618. - -Wagon-train of military telegraph corps, June, 1865, =L.=7183, =L.=7239. - -Operators of military telegraph, June, 1865, =L.=7481. - -New York newspaper correspondents' row, =S.=3370. - -Headquarters of Christian Commission, =S.=3371. - - * * * * * - - ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE. - -Chickasaw Bayou, Mississippi, =S.=394. - -Battlefield of Chickasaw Bluffs, Mississippi, =S.=395. - -Poison spring on battlefield of Chickasaw Bluffs, Mississippi, =S.=396, -=S.=922. - -Big Black River Station, Mississippi, =S.=392. - -Battlefield of Big Black River, Mississippi, =S.=1056. - - * * * * * - - PORT ROYAL EXPEDITION. - -Fort Beauregard, Bay Point, Saint Helena Island, S. C., November, 1861, -=S.=203, =S.=204, =S.=205. - -Fort Wallace (or Walker), Hilton Head, S. C., November, 1861, =S.=207. - -Siege train, Hilton Head, S. C., November, 1861, =S.=166. - -Graves of sailors at Hilton Head, killed during bombardment of forts, -=S.=187. - -Coosaw Ferry, Port Royal Island, S. C., =S.=183, =S.=201. - -Mock battery at Seabrook Point, Port Royal Island, S. C., built by -Seventy-ninth New York infantry, =S.=161. - -Natural arch at Seabrook Point, Port Royal, S. C., =S.=202. - -Building pontoon bridge near Beaufort, S. C., March, 1862, =S.=157. - -Officers' mess, at Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862, =S.=208. - -Fiftieth Pennsylvania Infantry, Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862, -=S.=156. - -General I. I. Stevens, Beaufort, S. C., March, 1862, =S.=1183, =S.=164. - -General I. I. Stevens and staff; Beaufort, S. C., March, 1862, =S.=163. - -Signal station at Beaufort, S. C., formerly residence of J. G. Barnwell, -February, 1862, =S.=172. - -Fuller's house, Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862, =S.=162, =S.=168. - -Rhett's house, Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862, =S.=155. - -Boat landing, Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862, =S.=171. - -Old tomb on Rhett's plantation, Port Royal Island, S. C., =S.=158. - -Smith's plantation, Port Royal Island, S. C., =S.=151, =S.=152, =S.=154. - -Preparing cotton for the gin, =S.=159. - -Mill's plantation, Port Royal Island, S. C., =S.=169, =S.=211, =S.=1177. - -Dock at Hilton Head, built by soldiers, April, 1862, =S.=170. - -Headquarters of General Hunter at Hilton Head, April, 1862, =S.=209. - -Army bakery, Hilton Head, April, 1862, =S.=210. - - * * * * * - - SIEGE OF FORT PULASKI. - -Exterior view of front after bombardment, April, 1862, =S.=188. - -Exterior view of rear, April, 1862, =S.=189. - -Exterior view of side, April, 1862, =S.=193. - -Distant view of breach, April, 1862, =S.=190. - -Close view of breach, April, 1862, =S.=192. - -Interior view of breach, April, 1862, =S.=191. - -Interior view of rear parapet, April, 1862, =S.=194. - -Interior view of front parapet, April, 1862, =S.=198. - -A dismounted mortar, April, 1862, =S.=199. - -The "Jeff Davis" gun, April, 1862, =S.=196. - -The "Beauregard" gun, April, 1862, =S.=197. - -Interior view of parapet with guns "Jeff Davis," "Beauregard," and -"Stephens" in position, April, 1862, =S.=200. - - * * * * * - - FORT FISHER EXPEDITION. - -Fleet of Fort Fisher Expedition In Hampton Roads, December, 1864, -=L.=7432, =S.=836. - -Admiral Porter's flagship Malvern, Norfolk, Va., December, 1864, -=L.=7147. - -Admiral Porter and staff on board flagship Malvern, Norfolk, Va., -December, 1864, =L.=7227, =L.=7244, =L.=7541. - -=Fort Fisher:= - ---panoramic view of land face (part 1), =L.=7297, (part 2) =L.=7480, -=L.=7168, (part 3) =L.=7170, (part 4) =L.=7242. - ---views on land face, =L.=7149, =L.=7572, =L.=7635. - ---first six traverses on sea face, =L.=7335. - ---sixth to eleventh traverse on sea face, =L.=7577. - ---from tenth traverse to end on sea face, =L.=7573. - ---interior view of first traverse, northwest end, showing entrance to -fort, =L.=7196. - ---interior view of first three traverses on land front, =L.=7440, -=S.=1229. - ---interior view of a traverse on land front, =L.=7056, =S.=1236. - ---interior view at southeast end, showing site of main magazine, -=L.=7057. - ---interior view of first six traverses on sea face, =L.=7101. - ---ten different interior views of traverses, showing guns dismounted and -destruction caused by bombardment, =L.=7061, =L.=7195, =L.=7243, -=S.=1230, =S.=1233, =S.=1235, =S.=1238, =S.=1239, =S.=1241, =S.=1242. - ---interior view of "the pulpit," =L.=7535, =S.=1240. - ---Armstrong gun, =L.=7073, =S.=1234. - -Battery Lamb, on sea front of Fort Fisher, =L.=7119, =L.=7622, =S.=1232. - -Battery Buchanan, near Fort Fisher, =S.=1231. - -Quartermaster and commissary office, near Fort Fisher, =L.=7209. - - * * * * * - - SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. - -=Fort Sumter:= - ---Interior views, showing how walls were strengthened, =S.=3457, -=S.=3458, =S.=3459, =S.=3460. - ---interior views on parapet, =S.=3461, =S.=3466. - ---view from parapet, =S.=3464. - ---view from east angle of parapet, facing Morris Island, =S.=3465. - ---interior views at time of celebrating raising United States flag -=S.=3454, =S.=3455, =S.=3456. - ---exterior views showing cheveaux-de-frise and wires to protect against -assaulting parties, =S.=3462, =S.=3463. - -Fort Moultrie, interior views, =S.=3467, =S.=3468, =S.=3469, =S.=3470, -=S.=3473, =S.=3476, =S.=3477. - -=Fort Johnson:= - ---interior views, =S.=3484, =S.=3485, =S.=3487, =S.=3488. - ---interior view, looking toward Fort Sumter, =S.=3475. - ---water battery, Fort Sumter in distance, =S.=3471, =S.=3472. - -Fort Putnam, interior views, =S.=3474, =S.=3478, =S.=3479, =S.=3480, -=S.=3481, =S.=3482, =S.=3483. - -Fort Marshall, interior view at northeast angle, =S.=3486. - -Wreck of blockade-runner Colt, off Sullivan's Island, =S.=3411. - -=City of Charleston:= - ---view of city from top of orphan asylum, =S.=3419, =S.=3420. - ---view of city from top of Mills House, looking up Meeting Street, -=S.=3440. - ---headquarters of General Hatch, =S.=3429. - ---house on Broad Street in which federal officers were confined under -fire, =S.=3449, =S.=3450. - ---Roper's Hospital, =S.=3434. - ---ruins on the battery, effects of the bombardment, =S.=3451. - ---ruins of Northeastern Railroad depot, =S.=3452, =S.=3453. - ---ruins of Secession Hall, where first ordinance of secession was -passed, =S.=3447. - ---Hibernian Hall, =S.=3439. - ---Circular Church, =S.=3441, =S.=3442. - ---ruins opposite Circular Church, =S.=3448. - ---Saint Michael's Church, =S.=3437. - ---Unitarian and German Lutheran Churches, =S.=3436. - ---ruins of Roman Catholic Cathedral, burned in 1861, =S.=3443, =S.=3444, -=S.=3445, =S.=3446. - ---ruins of Dr. Gadsden's house, effects of bombardment, =S.=3438. - ---city hall, =S.=3432. - ---post-office, =S.=3426, =S.=3427. - ---market house, =S.=3428. - ---Charleston Hotel, =S.=3431. - ---orphan asylum, =S.=3422, =S.=3423, =S.=3424, =S.=3425. - ---offices of United States Treasury agent and quartermaster, =S.=3435. - ---Governor Aiken's house, =S.=3433. - ---grave of John C. Calhoun, =S.=3421. - - * * * * * - - NAVY. - -Ruins of Norfolk navy-yard, =S.=984. - -Steam frigate Pensacola, off Alexandria, June, 1861, =S.=103. - -Deck and turret of the original "Monitor," July, 1862, =S.=486, =S.=659. - -Officers of the original "Monitor," July, 1862, =S.=390, =S.=487, -=S.=492, =S.=1077. - -Crew of the original "Monitor," July, 1862, =S.=490, =S.=660. - -Iron-clad gunboat Galena, after her attack on Fort Darling, July, 1862, -=S.=488, =S.=652. - -Gunboat Yankee at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, =S.=714. - -Confederate blockade-runner Teaser, captured by the United States -gunboat Maritanza, July, 1862, =L.=7414, =L.=7426. - -Gunboat Maritanza, as she appeared immediately after capture of -blockade-runner Teaser, July, 1862, =S.=484. - -Bow gun on confederate blockade-runner Teaser, July, 1862, =S.=481. - -One hundred-pounder gun on confederate blockade-runner Teaser, July, -1862, =S.=482. - -Dock of confederate blockade-runner Teaser, showing destruction caused -by shell fired by United States gunboat Maritanza, July, 1862, =S.=483. - -Gunboat Santiago de Cuba, Hampton Roads, December, 1864, =L.=7226. - -School-ship Sabine, Hampton Roads, December, 1864, =L.=7415. - -Steamer Malvern, Admiral Porter's flagship on the Fort Fisher -expedition, Norfolk, Va., December, 1864, =L.=7147. - -Admiral Porter and staff, on flagship Malvern, Hampton Roads, December, -1864, =L.=7244, =L.=7227, =L.=7541. - -Gunboat Fort Donelson, Norfolk, Va., December, 1864, =L.=7416. - -Gunboat Fort Jackson, Norfolk, Va., December, 1864, =L.=7425. - -Deck and turret of monitor Kaatskill, Charleston Harbor, S. C., -=S.=3412. - -Quarter-deck of Pawnee, Charleston Harbor, S. C., =S.=3408, =S.=3410. - -Gunboat Mendota, James River, Va., =S.=2471. - -Gunboat Commodore Perry, James River, Va., =S.=2472. - -The monitor Canonicus, James River, Va., =S.=2468, =S.=2469, =S.=2470. - -Officers on deck of Philadelphia, Charleston Harbor, S. C., =S.=3414. - -Admiral Dahlgren and staff, on deck of Pawnee, Charleston Harbor, S. C., -=S.=3413. - - * * * * * - - PORTRAITS OF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF - UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. - -Abraham Lincoln, President, =S.=1312. - -Hannibal Hamlin, Vice-President, =S.=1429. - -William H. Seward, Secretary of State, =S.=1431. - -Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of Treasury, =S.=1747. - -Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, =S.=1599. - -Edwin S. Stanton, Secretary of War, =S.=2208. - -Charles A. Dana. Assistant Secretary of War, =S.=2430. - -Gideon Welles, Secretary of Navy, =S.=1175, =S.=1375. - -John P. Usher, Secretary of Interior, =S.=1708. - -Edward Bates, Attorney-General, =S.=1741. - -James Speed, Attorney-General, =S.=2080. - - * * * * * - - PORTRAITS OF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF - CONFEDERATE STATES GOVERNMENT. - -Jefferson Davis, President, =S.=1453. - -Alexander H. Stephens, Vice-President, =S.=1430. - -R. M. T. Hunter, Secretary of State, =S.=1740. - -Stephen R. Mallory, Secretary of Navy, =S.=1743. - -John H. Reagan, Postmaster-General, =S.=1996. - - * * * * * - - GRAND REVIEW OF THE ARMY. - - WASHINGTON, D. C., MAY 22 AND 23, 1865. - -Fourteen different views at the reviewing-stand in front of Executive -Mansion, =L.=7694, =L.=7749, =S.=1248, =S.=1249, =S.=1250, =S.=1251, -=S.=1252, =S.=1253, =S.=1254, =S.=1255, =S.=1256, =S.=3388, =S.=3390, -=S.=3391. - -Three different views looking up Pennsylvania Avenue towards Seventeenth -Street from opposite reviewing-stand, =S.=1277, =S.=1278, =S.=1283. - -Fifteen different views looking down Pennsylvania Avenue from corner of -Fifteenth Street, =S.=1257, =S.=1258, =S.=1259, =S.=1260, =S.=1261, -=S.=1262, =S.=1263, =S.=1264, =S.=1265, =S.=1266, =S.=1267, =S.=1268, -=S.=1269, =S.=1270, =S.=1271. - -Stand for spectators at corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Fifteenth -Street, =S.=1276, =S.=1279. - -The public school children on west front of capitol, =L.=7748, =S.=1280, -=S.=1281. - -Troops marching down Capitol Hill on west side of the Capitol, =S.=1282. - -View looking down Pennsylvania Avenue from corner of Ninth Street, -=L.=7907. - -General John A. Logan and staff, and Army of Tennessee, passing in -review, =S.=3321. - -General H. S. Wright and staff, and Sixth Army Corps, passing in review, -=S.=3392. - -General H. W. Slocum and staff, and Army of Georgia, passing in review, -=S.=3393, =S.=3394. - -General Jefferson C. Davis and staff, and Nineteenth Army Corps, passing -in review, =S.=3395. - -Portion of Twentieth Army Corps passing in review, =S.=3396, =S.=3397, -=S.=3398. - - * * * * * - - ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. - -=Ford's Theater, place of assassination:= - ---exterior view, =L.=7765. - ---view of box in which President was assassinated, =S.=3403, =S.=3404. - ---chair occupied by President at time of assassination, =S.=1939, -=S.=3405, =S.=3406, =S.=3407. - -Howard's stable, place where Booth hired the horse on which he escaped, -=L.=7766, =L.=7767. - -Lewis Payne, one of the conspirators, =L.=7769, =L.=7770, =L.=7771, -=L.=7772, =L.=7773, =L.=7774, =L.=7775, =L.=7776, =L.=7777. - -Michael O'Laughlin, one of the conspirators, =L.=7768, =L.=7780, -=L.=7783. - -Samuel Arnold, one of the conspirators, =L.=7778, =L.=7779. - -George A. Atzerot, one of the conspirators, =L.=7781, =L.=7782. - -David E. Harrold, one of the conspirators, =L.=7784, =L.=7785, =L.=7786. - -Edward Spangler, one of the conspirators, =L.=7787, =L.=7788. - -Unknown persons, arrested on suspicion, =L.=7789, =L.=7790, =L.=7791, -=L.=7792, =L.=7793. - -=Execution of conspirators:= - ---views of the scaffold before the execution, =L.=7757, =L.=7759. - ---on the scaffold, =L.=7795. - ---reading the warrant, =L.=7796. - ---adjusting the ropes, =L.=7797, =L.=7799. - ---the trap sprung, =L.=7798, =L.=7800. - ---the graves, =L.=7760. - -Funeral procession of President Lincoln on Pennsylvania Avenue, -Washington, D. C., =S.=1272, =S.=1273, =S.=1275. - -Funeral car of President Lincoln, =S.=1985. - - * * * * * - - EXECUTION OF CAPTAIN WIRTZ (C. =S.= A.), - THE BRUTAL KEEPER OF ANDERSONVILLE - PRISON-PEN. - -Reading the death warrant, =L.=7752. - -Adjusting the rope, =L.=7753. - -Springing the trap, =L.=7754. - -Wirtz hanging, =L.=7755. - -Newspaper correspondents viewing the execution, =L.=7756. - - * * * * * - - CITY OF WASHINGTON, 1861-1865. - -=Office of Chief Signal Officer:= - ---with Colonel Fisher and officers, =L.=7814, =L.=7848. - ---with group of officers and clerks, =L.=7695. - -Central signal station, =L.=7683. - -Medical department, =L.=7811, =L.=7921. - -Quartermaster's office (Captain Tompkins), =L.=7840, =L.=7918, =L.=7919. - -Quartermaster's office (Seventh Street wharf), =L.=7876. - -Hospital of quartermaster's department, =L.=7812, =L.=7904. - -Government bakery, =L.=7859, =L.=7885. - -Mess-house at government stable, =L.=7674, =L.=7676. - -Mess-house of quartermaster's employees, =L.=7901, =L.=7902, =L.=7903. - -Quartermaster's warehouse, =L.=7013, =L.=7821, =L.=7831, =L.=7858, -=L.=7870. - -Government horse-shoeing shop, =L.=7820. - -=Government repair shops:= - ---wheelwright shop, =L.=7856, =L.=7878, =L.=7900. - ---trimming shop, =L.=7700. - ---paint shop, =L.=7701. - ---carpenter shop, =L.=7836. - ---blacksmith shop, =L.=7699, =L.=7864. - ---ambulance shop, =L.=7834. - ---office, =L.=7923, =L.=7925. - ---general view, =L.=7922. - ---street in rear, =L.=7888. - -General M. D. Hardin's headquarters, April, 1865, =L.=7883. - -General Alfred Pleasonton's headquarters, April, 1865, =L.=7838, -=L.=7920. - -Old Capitol Prison, =S.=1019. - -Forest Hall Prison, =L.=7867. - -Park of artillery at arsenal, =L.=7250, =L.=7671, =S.=2283, =S.=2284, -=S.=2285. - -Wiard guns at arsenal, =L.=7246, =S.=2286. - -Groups of clerks at War Department, =L.=7873, =L.=7899. - -Groups of clerks at Quartermaster-General's Office, =L.=7055, =L.=7826, -=L.=7827, =L.=7828, =L.=7829, =L.=7855, =L.=7871, =L.=7872. - -Group of employees at quartermaster's depot, =L.=7891. - -Group of clerks at provost-marshal's office, =L.=7889. - -Office of Christian Commission, =L.=7718, =L.=7719, =L.=7720, =L.=7721. - -Long Bridge, =L.=7824. - -Long Bridge, after its destruction by freshet, =L.=7819. - -Fire at which Ellsworth's Zouaves distinguished themselves, =S.=2293. - - * * * * * - - DEFENCES OF WASHINGTON. - -Headquarters of defences of Washington, south of Potomac, August, 1865, -=L.=7340. - -=Fort Corcoran= - ---guard-house and guard, =L.=7841. - ---rear entrance, =S.=2309 - ---loading big gun, =S.=2310 - -Fort Lincoln, =L.=7409. - -Fort Lincoln, detachment manning the guns, Co. "H," 3d Massachusetts -Artillery, =L.=7874 - -Fort Richardson, view of interior, =S.=2311. - -Fort C. F. Smith, views of interior, Co's "F," "L," and "K," 2d New York -Artillery, =L.=7672, =L.=7673, =L.=7675. - -=Fort Stevens:= - ---views of interior and 3d Massachusetts Artillery, =L.=7692, =L.=7744, -=L.=7803, =L.=7917. - ---officers' quarters, 3d Massachusetts Artillery, =L.=7282, =L.=7696. - ---barracks, 3d Massachusetts Artillery, =L.=7746, =L.=7897. - -Fort Slemmer, rear entrance, =S.=2318. - -=Fort Totten:= - ---sally-port and group of 3d Massachusetts Artillery, =L.=7021. - ---views of interior and group of 3d Massachusetts Artillery, =L.=7249, -=L.=7253, =L.=7681, =L.=7687. - ---officers' quarters, 3d Massachusetts Artillery, =L.=7261, =L.=7678. - ---view of interior, =S.=2313. - -=Fort Whipple:= - ---headquarters, =L.=7408. - ---batteries in No. 2, =L.=7034. - ---light battery, =L.=7669. - -Fort Woodbury, =S.=2319. - -Camp Barry, artillery depot, July, 1863, =L.=7010, =L.=7436. - -=Camp Stoneman, Griesboro, Md., cavalry depot:= - ---general views, May, 1864, =L.=7015, =L.=7017. - ---General Gamble, Major Sawyer, and officers, March, 1865, =L.=7808, -=L.=7349, =L.=7835, =L.=7837. - ---band and quarters, March, 1865, =L.=7350. - -Signal Corps camp, =L.=7724, =L.=7725, =L.=7727, =L.=7730, =L.=7732. - -Camp of Thirteenth New York Cavalry, Prospect Hill, =L.=7218, =L.=7722, -=L.=7733, =L.=7736, =L.=7737, =L.=7739. - -Headquarters of General Hardin near Fort Slocum, =L.=7228, =L.=7431. - -Brigade headquarters near Fort Lincoln, =L.=7908, =S.=1147. - -Headquarters of General S. P. Heintzelman, Fort Lyon, =S.=2305. - -Roche's house, near Arlington House, =S.=2306. - -Headquarters of General Irwin McDowell, Arlington House, =S.=2307. - -Headquarters of General W. F. Bartlett, =L.=7020, =L.=7221, =L.=7223, -=L.=7731. - -Headquarters of General A. McD. McCook, Brightwood, D. C., July, 1804, -=L.=7205. - -Blair's house, Silver Springs, D. C., =S.=1012, =S.=1197. - -House near Fort Stevens, showing effect of shot during Early's attack on -Washington, =S.=1018, =S.=1170. - -Soldiers' cemetery, near Fort Stevens, =L.=7682. - -Soldiers' cemetery at Soldiers' Home, =S.=1188. - -General A. McD. McCook and staff, Brightwood, D. C., July, 1864, -=L.=7206, =L.=7660, =S.=1022. - -General C. C. Augur and staff, =L.=7118, =L.=7869, =S.=1001. - -Examining passes at Georgetown Ferry, =S.=290, =S.=291. - -Pontoon bridge between Georgetown and Analostan Island, =L.=7866. - -Block-house near Aqueduct Bridge, =S.=2282. - -Views of Georgetown, =L.=7685, =L.=7846, =L.=7894, =L.=7895. - -Views from Georgetown Heights, =L.=7823, =L.=7882. - -Aqueduct Bridge, Potomac River, =L.=7817, =S.=288, =S.=289, =S.=2308. - -Cabin John Bridge, Potomac River, =L.=7651. - -Chain Bridge, Potomac River, =L.=7655, =L.=7656, =L.=7657, =S.=2282, -=S.=2290, =S.=2291. - -Foot-bridge, near Chain Bridge, =S.=2292. - -View on Cabin John Run, =S.=2287. - -Great Falls, Potomac River, =L.=7652, =L.=7653, =L.=7654. - - * * * * * - - HOSPITALS IN WASHINGTON AND - VICINITY. - -Quartermasters' Hospital, =L.=7812, =L.=7904. - -Douglass Hospital, =L.=7816, =L.=7884. - -Tent Hospital in rear of Douglass Hospital, =L.=7924. - -Stanton Hospital, =L.=7914. - -=Armory Square Hospital:= - ---chapel, showing dome of Capitol in the distance, =L.=7916. - ---interior of Ward K, =L.=7822, =L.=7886, =L.=7887. - -=Harewood Hospital:= - ---general views, =L.=7825, =S.=1014. - ---exterior of Ward B, =S.=1209. - ---interior of ward, =S.=1006, =S.=1007, =S.=1008. - ---interior of mess-room, =S.=1168. - ---officers' quarters, =L.=7663, =S.=1206. - ---ambulance train, =S.=1146. - -Tent hospital at Kendall Green, =S.=1208. - -Ruins of Kalorama Hospital, May. 1865, =L.=7690. - -Surgeons at Finlay Hospital, April, 1864, =L.=7853. - -Surgeons at Seminary Hospital, April, 1865, =L.=7875. - - * * * * * - - CITY OF ALEXANDRIA, VA. - -Marshall House, where Colonel Ellsworth was killed, =S.=1189, =S.=2294, -=S.=2295. - -Slave-pen, =L.=7264, =S.=1003, =S.=1174, =S.=2296, =S.=2297, =S.=2298, -=S.=2299, =S.=2300. - -=Soldiers' Rest:= - ---exterior views, July, 1865, =L.=7815, =S.=1039. - ---interior of kitchen, July, 1865, =L.=7863. - -Lodge of Sanitary Commission, July, 1864, =S.=1203. - -Lodge of Sanitary Commission at convalescent camp, May, 1863, =S.=1204. - -Soldiers' cemetery, =L.=7256, =S.=1172. - -Christ Church, =S.=2301. - - * * * * * - - FORT MONROE AND HAMPTON, VA., 1864. - -=Fortress Monroe:= - ---the sally-port, =S.=829. - ---the parade-ground, =S.=830. - ---the Lincoln gun, =L.=7419, =S.=833. - ---exterior of officers' quarters in the casemates, =S.=832. - ---interior of officers' Quarters in the casemates, =S.=835. - ---group of officers and their families, =L.=7411. - ---post band, =L.=7421. - ---hygeia saloon, =L.=7420. - ---quartermaster's office, =L.=7418, =L.=7422, =S.=838. - ---the beach, =S.=839. - ---light-house, =S.=837. - -Hampton, Va., =L.=7029, =L.=7412, =S.=841. - -Ruins of old church at Hampton, Va., =S.=16, =S.=459, =S.=405, =S.=466, -=S.=467, =S.=1244. - -Chesapeake Hospital, Hampton, Va., =L.=7417, =L.=7427, =S.=840. - -Ammunition schooners in Hampton Roads, Va., =L.=7424. - - * * * * * - - SANITARY COMMISSION AND CHRISTIAN - COMMISSION. - -Sanitary commissioners, =S.=1816. - -Central office of Sanitary Commission, Washington, D. C., =L.=7704, -=L.=7706, =L.=7708, =S.=1198. - -Storehouse of Sanitary Commission, Washington, D. C., =L.=7709, -=L.=7710. - -Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7707. - -Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7712. - -Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7713. - -Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7714. - -Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7715. - -Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7716. - -Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7717. - -Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =S.=1200. - -Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =S.=1201. - -Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =S.=1202. - -Wagon and outfit of field relief corps of Sanitary Commission, =L.=7711, -=S.=1199. - -Lodge of Sanitary Commission, Alexandria, Va., =S.=1203. - -Office of Sanitary Commission, convalescent camp, near Alexandria, Va., -=S.=1204. - -Office of Sanitary Commission, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, =S.=737 - -Storehouse of Sanitary Commission, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, -=S.=739. - -Cooking tents of Sanitary Commission, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, -=S.=742. - -Nurses and officers of Sanitary Commission, Fredericksburg, Va., May, -1864, =S.=741. - -Wounded soldiers of Kearney's Division at Sanitary Commission, -Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, =S.=740. - -Office of Sanitary Commission, Gettysburg, Pa., =S.=238. - -Camp of Sanitary Commission at Belle Plain Landing, May, 1864, =S.=2484. - -Wagons of Sanitary Commission at Belle Plain Landing, May, 1864, -=S.=2478. - -Headquarters of Christian Commission in the field, Germantown, Va., -August, 1863, =L.=7471. - -Office of Christian Commission, Washington, D. C., =L.=7718, =L.=7719, -=L.=7720, =L.=7721. - -Camp of Christian Commission at White House Landing, Va., =S.=2487. - -Headquarters of Christian Commission, Richmond, Va., =S.=3371. - - * * * * * - - MISCELLANEOUS. - -Levee at Vicksburg, Miss., February, 1864, =S.=391. - -Brazilian steamer, =L.=7830, =S.=346, =S.=347. - -Dix's autograph letter, "Shoot him on the spot," =S.=3763. - -Tomb of Washington's mother, Fredericksburg, Va., =S.=712. - -Residence of John Minor Botts, =L.=7123, =L.=7124, =L.=7125, =L.=7629, -=S.=286, =S.=287. - -John Minor Botts and family, =L.=7121, =L.=7122. - -Pateilus's house, =L.=7745. - -Agricultural College near Bladensburg, Md., =L.=7428. - -Memorial tablet to Lieut. Henry B. Hidden, =L.=7462. - -Captain Huff's camp at Gettysburg, =L.=7231, =L.=7232, =L.=7247. - -Wounded Indian soldiers, =S.=2312. - -Manner of removing wounded, =L.=7285, =L.=7381, =L.=7636, =S.=304, -=S.=1078. - -General Rufus Ingalls and group, City Point, Va., =L.=7284, =L.=7524, -=L.=7619. - -Military Telegraph Corps, Major Eckert and group, =L.=7487. - -Group of artillery officers, Antietam, Md., September, 1862, =S.=579. - -Captain Clark and Captain Jane, =S.=2356. - -Two officers of General A. A. Humphrey's staff, =L.=7300, =L.=7404. - -Officers of staff of General Pierce, =L.=7368. - -Officers of staff of General Gersham Mott, =L.=7257. - -Officers of staff of General A. McD. McCook, Brightwood, D. C., July. -1864, =L.=7070. - -Officers or Signal Corps camp, near Washington, D. C., =L.=7266, -=L.=7728, =L.=7729. - -General Daniel Butterfield's horse, Falmouth, Va., April, 1863, -=L.=7558. - -Captain Beckwith's horse, headquarters Army of Potomac, February, 1863, -=L.=7278. - -General George G. Meade's horse, =L.=7370. - -General U. S. Grant's horses, Cold Harbor, Va., June 14, 1864, =S.=2429. - -General John A. Rawlins's horse, Cold Harbor, Va., June 14, 1864, -=S.=2431. - -Captain Webster's horse, headquarters Army of Potomac, March, 1864, -=L.=7307. - -Lieutenant King's horse, =L.=7376. - -Colonel Sharpe's horse, headquarters Army of Potomac, April, 1863, -=L.=7321, =L.=7536. - -Major Allen (Pinkerton), of Secret Service Department, =L.=7468. - -William Wilson, headquarters Army of Potomac, =L.=7127. - -Mr. Talfor, engineer-draughtsman at headquarters Army of Potomac, -=L.=7435. - -J. Furey, Quartermaster's Department, October, 1863, =L.=7469. - -A. R. Ward, artist for Harper's Weekly, =L.=7164, =S.=254. - -Mrs. Tynan and sons, Frederick, Md., =L.=7190. - -Captain Huff's clerk, =L.=7488. - -Frank C. Tilley (or Filley), =S.=1624. - -Discussing probabilities of next advance, =S.=175. - -Departure from the old homestead, =S.=306. - -A camp kitchen (tasting the soup), =S.=2416. - -Inauguration of President Grant, =S.=1284, =S.=1285, =S.=1286. - -Fifteen-inch gun, =L.=7909. - -Big gun, =L.=7659. - -Wiard guns, =L.=7012, =L.=7102, =L.=7832, =L.=7857. - -Park of artillery, =L.=7024. - -Army office wagon, =L.=7860. - -Arrival of a negro family in the lines, =S.=657. - -A picnic party at Antietam, =S.=581. - -A cavalry orderly, =S.=619. - -Camp fun, =S.=694. - -Mule team crossing a brook, =L.=7131. - -An old Virginia family carriage, =S.=743. - -And a large quantity of views not yet identified. - - * * * * * - - PORTRAITS OF ARMY OFFICERS. - - NOTE.-- _Groups of regimental officers are catalogued under - title "Regiments and Batteries." Other groups, except generals - and their staffs, are catalogued under campaigns during which - taken, or under title "Miscellaneous."_ - -Abbott, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. I. C., =S.=1469. -Abercrombie, Brig.-Gen. J. J., =S.=1526. -Abert, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W S., =S.=3178. -Adams, Lieut.-Col. A. D., 27th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1964. -Adams, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. P., =S.=1749. -Adams, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. (in group), =L.=7390, =L.=7490. -Adams, Col. J. W., 67th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2092. -Alden, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., Col. 169th, N Y., =S.=3062. -Alexander, Col. C. N., 2d D. C. Infantry S.2155, =S.=3755. -Alexander, Lieut.-Col. T. L., 5th U. S. Infantry, =S.=1381. -Alexander, Capt. T., 80th N. Y. Infantry, =L.=7605. -Allaire, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., =S.=1917. -Allen, Col., =S.=1676. -Allen, Lieut.-Col. D. B., 154th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1444. -Allen, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =S.=3108. -Allen, Major W., paymaster, =S.=3773. -Allen, Col. W. H., 1st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1735. -Alvord, Brig.-Gen. B., =C.=4506. -Ames, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =S.=1390, =S.=1728. -Ames, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. and staff, =C.=4073. -Arnes, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =C.=4666. -Anderson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. N. L., =S.=3004. -Anderson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =S.=1376, =S.=1753, =S.=3780. -Andrews, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. C., =S.=2076. -Andrews, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. L., =S.=1470, =S.=3732. -Antisel, Surgeon T., =S.=3789. -Armstrong, Bvt. Brig-Gen. S. C., Col. 8th U. S., =S.=1920. -Arnold, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =C.=4667. -Arrowsmith, Lieut., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=2116. -Asboth, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =C.=4591. -Aspinwall, Lieut.-Col. L., 22d N. Y. S. M., =S.=3733. -Astor, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. J., =S.=1807. -Audenreid. Bvt. Lieut.-Col. J. C., aide-de-camp, =S.=3757. -Augur, Maj.-Gen. C. C., =S.=1400. -Augur, Maj.-Gen. C. C. and staff, =L.=7118, =L.=7869, =S.=1001. -Averell, Brig.-Gen W. W., =S.=1655. -Averell, Brig.-Gen. W. W. and staff, =L.=7576, =S.=635. -Avery, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =C.=4504. -Ayres, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. B., =S.=1682. -Babcock, Lieut. C. B., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1586. -Babcock, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. E., =C.=4505. -Bache, Capt. F. M., 16th U. S. Infantry, =S.=2439. -Bagley, Lieut.-Col. J., 69th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1856. -Bailey, Col. B. P., 86th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1866. -Bailey, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=3235. -Bailey, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. M., Col. 37th Pa., =S.=1854. -Baird, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =S.=2115. -Baker, Col. E. D., 71st Pa. Infantry, =S.=1459. -Baker, Lieut. J. A., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1665. -Baker, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L. C., =C.=4965. -Ballier, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. F., Col. 98th Pa., =S.=2027. -Banks, Maj.-Gen. N. P., =S.=1321. -Banks, Maj.-Gen. N. P. and staff, =C.=4527, =C.=5194. -Banta, Lieut.-Col. W. C., 7th Ind. Infantry, =S.=1794. -Barlow, Maj.-Gen. F. C., =S.=1955. -Barnard, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. G., =S.=1568, =S.=1641. -Barnes, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. K., =C.=4477. -Barnett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=5167. -Barney, Col. E. L., 6th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1083. -Barnum, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. A., =S.=2051. -Barrett, Maj. O. D., 11th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=3832. -Barry, Bvt. Maj. R. P., l6th U. S. Infantry, =S.=3871. -Barry, Bvt, Maj.-Gen. W. F., =S.=1951, =S.=2018. -Barry, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. F. and staff, =S.=429. -Barstow, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. F. (in group), =L.=7957. -Bartholemew, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. A., =S.=2614. -Bartlett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. G., =S.=3091. -Bartlett, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. J., =S.=1487, =S.=1769, =S.=2125, =S.=3716. -Bartlett, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. F., =C.=4597. -Bartlett, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. F. and staff, =L.=7217, =L.=7221. -Barton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. B., Col. 48th N. Y., =S.=1604. -Bartram, Lieut.-Col. N. B., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=3749. -Batchelder, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. N., =S.=2600. -Baxter, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. C., Col. 72d Pa., =S.=3014. -Baxter, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H., =S.=3041. -Baxter, Surgeon J. H., =S.=3833. -Bayard, Brig.-Gen. G. D., =C.=4668. -Bayles, Surgeon G., 4th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, =S.=1379. -Beal, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. L., =S.=3020. -Beatty, Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4742. -Beaumont, Col. M. H., 1st N. J. Cavalry, =S.=1943. -Beaver, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., =C.=4715. -Beazell, Major J. W., paymaster, =S.=1395, =S.=1412. -Beckwith, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. G. (in group), =C.=5194. -Bedrer, Major R. P., =S.=1947. -Beecher, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. C., =S.=1466. -Belknap, Lieut.-Col. J., =S.=1841. -Belknap, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. W., =S.=2034. -Belknap, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. W. and orderlies, =C.=4060. -Bell, Lieut.-Col. T. S., 51st Pa. Infantry, =S.=3737. -Bendix, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. F., =S.=3201. -Benedict, Ass't Surg. A. C., 1st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1458. -Benedict, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L., =S.=1709. -Benham, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. W., =S.=2096. -Bennett, Gen. W. T., =S.=3099. -Bensel, Capt. W. P., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1671. -Benton, Lieut.-Col. R. C., 1st Vt. Heavy Artillery, =S.=1355. -Benton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. H., =C.=4544. -Benton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. P., =S.=3775. -Berdan, Bvt. Brig-Gen. H., =S.=3771. -Berry, Maj.-Gen. H. G., =S.=2224. -Berthond, Col. A. P., 31st N. J. Infantry, =S.=3738. -Betge, Col. R. J., 68th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2132. -Betts, Lieut.-Col. G. F., 9th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1635. -Biddle, Brig.-Gen. C. J., =S.=3221. -Biddle, Col. G. H., 95th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1800. -Bidwell, Lieut.-Col., =S.=1960. -Bingham, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. H., =S.=3006. -Birdwell, Brig.-Gen. D. D., =S.=1723. -Birge, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. W., =C.=5178. -Birney, Maj.-Gen. D. B., =S.=2216. -Birney, Maj.-Gen. D. B. and staff, =L.=7153. -Blackman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. M., =S.=2042. -Blair, Maj.-Gen. Frank P., =S.=1704. -Blair, Maj.-Gen. Frank P. and staff, =L.=7054. -Blaisdell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=3111. -Blanchard, Lieut.-Col. C. D., quartermaster, =S.=1475. -Bleuker, Brig.-Gen. L., =S.=1738. -Blunt, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A, P., =S.=1813. -Bogert, Lieut. J. W., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1588. -Bohlen, Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=2091 -Bonneville, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. L. E., =S.=1968. -Bostwick, Maj., 12th. N. Y. S. M., =S.=1767. -Bostwick, Lieut. C. B., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1662. -Bostwick, Col. H., 71st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1578. -Boughton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=2035. -Bourri, Col. G., 68th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1519. -Bowen, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. James, =S.=1952. -Bowerman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. N., =S.=2652. -Boyd, Maj. C., 5th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1450. -Boyle, Brig.-Gen. J. T., =S.=3078. -Brackett, Col. A. G., 9th Ill. Cavalry, =S.=1649. -Bradley, Capt. J., quartermaster, =S.=1573. -Bragg, Brig.-Gen. E. S., 6th Wisc. Infantry, =S.=1367, =S.=2036. -Brandenstien, Capt. H., 46th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1824. -Brannon, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. M., =S.=1490. -Breck, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., =S.=2663. -Brewster, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. R., =L.=7579, =S.=1842. -Brewster, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. R. and staff, =L.=7343, =L.=7580. -Brice, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. B. W., =C.=4499. -Briggs, Brig.-Gen. H. S., =S.=1707. -Britt, Lieut.-Col. J. W., 57th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1548. -Broadhead, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. F., Col. 1st Mich. Cavalry, =S.=1958. -Brooke, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. R., =S.=3046. -Brooks, Maj.-Gen. W. T. H., =S.=3054. -Brown, Lieut.-Col., =S.=3772. -Brown, Lieut.-Col. A. C., 13th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1463. -Brown, Brig.-Gen. E. B., =S.=3228. -Brown, Maj. F., paymaster, =S.=2169. -Brown, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. L., Col. 145th Pa. Infantry, =S.=3107. -Brown, Col. J. M., 100th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2603. -Brown, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. W., =C.=4669. -Brown. Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O., =C.=4948. -Brownlow, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. P., 1st Tenn. Cavalry, =S.=3077. -Brumm, Maj. G. W., 50th Pa. Infantry, =L.=7271. -Brusie, Ass't Surg. L., 3d Ind. Cavalry, =S.=1889. -Buchanan, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. C., =C.=4793. -Buck, Surg. E. J., 18th Wisc. Infantry, =S.=3798. -Buck, Lieut.-Col. S. L., 2d N. J. Infantry, =S.=1706. -Buckingham, Brig.-Gen. C. P., =S.=2175. -Buckland, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. P., =C.=4741. -Buell, Col. C., 169th N. Y Infantry, =S.=3740. -Buell, Maj.-Gen. Don Carlos, =S.=1551. -Buford, Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=2171. -Buford, Maj.-Gen. J. and staff, =C.=4061. -Buford, Maj.-Gen. N. B., =S.=1547. -Bunting, Lieut. T. B., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1663. -Burbank, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., Col. 2d U. S. Infantry, =S.=3101. -Burger, Capt. A. A., =S.=2237. -Burgess, Col., =S.=3739. -Burke, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W., =C.=5176. -Burling, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. C., Col. 6th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3102. -Burnett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. L., Judge Advocate, =S.=2056. -Burnham, Col. G. S., 22d Conn. Infantry, =S.=1477, =S.=3736. -Burns, Brig.-Gen. W. W., =S.=3098. -Burnside, Maj.-Gen., and Brady, the Photographer, =S.=2433. -Burnside, Maj.-Gen. A. E., =S.=1625. -Burnside, Maj.-Gen. A. E. and staff, =L.=7186, =L.=7379, =L.=7382, - =S.=1049. -Burt, Lieut.-Col. E., 3d Me. Infantry, =S.=3779. -Bussey, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C., =C.=4643. -Busteed, Brig.-Gen. Richard, =S.=2180. -Butler, Lieut. E. K., 69th N. Y. S. M., =S.=2255. -Butler, Maj.-Gen. B. F., =S.=1406, =C.=4028. -Butler, Maj.-Gen. B. F. and staff, =C.=4208. -Butterfield, Maj.-Gen. D., =L.=7540, =S.=1651. -Buxton, Surg. B. F., 5th Me. Infantry, =S.=1389. -Cadwalader, Maj.-Gen. G., =C.=4670. -Cake, Col. H. L., 96th Pa. Infantry, =S.=1817. -Cadwell, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. C., =S.=1457. -Cadwell, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. C. and staff, =S.=441, =S.=580. -Callis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. B., =C.=4740. -Cameron, Col. J., 79th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1637. -Campbell, Col. D., 4th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1724. -Campbell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. L. (in group), =L.=7957. -Campbell, Surg. J., =S.=3725. -Campbell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., =C.=4780. -Canby, Maj.-Gen. E. R. S., =S.=3173. -Candy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., Col. 66th Ohio Infantry, =S.=2181. -Capehart, Lieut.-Col. C. E., 1st W. Va. Cavalry, =S.=1623. -Capron, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =C.=4579. -Carleton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A., =S.=3003. -Carlin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. P., =C.=4659. -Carmen, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. A., Col. 13th N. J. Infantry, =S.=1386. -Carpenter, Maj. J. W., paymaster, =S.=1720. -Carpenter, quartermaster, =S.=1687. -Carr, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. B., =S.=2228. -Carrington, Brig.-Gen. H. B., =S.=3060. -Carroll, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. S., =S.=1913, =S.=3866. -Carroll, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. S. and staff, =L.=7651. -Carson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., =S.=2620. -Carter, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. P., =S.=3056. -Carter, Lieut. L., 50th Pa. Infantry, =L.=7410. -Cary, Col. W. H., =S.=3787. -Casey, Maj.-Gen. Silas, =S.=1710. -Casey, Maj.-Gen. Silas and staff, =C.=4566. -Cass, Col. T., 9th Mass. Infantry, =S.=3774. -Cassidy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. L., 93d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2187, =S.=3068. -Catlin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. S., =C.=4501. -Chamberlain, Lieut.-Col. G. E., 1st Vt. Heavy Artillery, =S.=3735. -Chamberlain, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. L., =S.=1859. -Chambers, Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=3052. -Chandler, Surg. C. M., 6th Vt. Infantry, =S.=2148. -Chapman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. H., =S.=2441. -Chapman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. H. and staff, =S.=2442. -Chapman, Lieut.-Col. A. B., 57th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1398. -Charles, Col. E. C., 42d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2005. -Chase, Adjt. D. L., 78th and 102d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1779. -Cheeseman, Surg. T. M., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1491. -Chetlaine, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. L., =S.=2616. -Chickering, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. E., =S.=3092. -Childs, Lieut.-Col. J. H., 4th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1869. -Chipman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. P., =C.=4500. -Christensen, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. T., =S.=3009. -Christian, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. H., =S.=2138. -Chrysler. Bvt. Maj.-Gen. M. H., =S.=3051. -Church, Surg. W. H., =S.=1691. -Churchill, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., =S.=1460. -Chustill, Maj. W. B., =S.=1959. -Cilley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. P., =C.=5160. -Clark, Captain E., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1684. -Clark, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G., =C.=4720. -Clark, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., =C.=4645. -Clark, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. T., =S.=1580, =S.=1880. -Clarke, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. F., =S.=1902, =C.=5194. -Clay, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., =S.=3000. -Clay, Maj.-Gen. C. M., =C.=4671. -Clayton, Brig.-Gen. P., =C.=4986. -Clitz, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. B., Col. 10th U. S. Infantry, =S.=1521. -Cluseret, Brig.-Gen. G. P., =S.=2219. -Cobb, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., =C.=4739. -Coburn, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4738. -Cochran, Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=1326. -Cogswell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., 2d Mass. Infantry, =S.=2029. -Cogswell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. and staff, =C.=4068. -Colburn, Lieut.-Col. A. V., aide-de-camp, =L.=7043. -Cole, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. W., =S.=3076. -Colgate, Lieut.-Col. C. G., 15th N. Y. Engineers, =S.=1923. -Collet, Col. M. W., 1st N. J. Infantry, =S.=1353. -Connor, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. P. E., =S.=2124. -Connor, Brig.-Gen. Selden, =S.=1764. -Conrad, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=2661. -Cook, Maj.-Gen. A. McD., =S.=1744. -Cook, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. P. St. G., =C.=4599. -Cook, Maj. W. W., 5th N. H. Infantry, =S.=1929. -Cooper, Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=2066. -Cooper, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., =S.=3236. -Copeland, Lieut.-Col., =S.=1349. -Coppinger, Adjt. J. B., 83d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1514. -Corbin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. C., =S.=2617. -Corcoran, Brig.-Gen. M., =S.=2234. -Corley, Lieut. C., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1570. -Corse, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. M., ("Hold the Fort,") =C.=4497. -Coster, Col. C. R., 134th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3193. -Couch, Maj.-Gen. D. N., =S.=3768. -Coulter, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =C.=4724. -Covode, Col. G. H., 4th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1848. -Cowdin, Brig.-Gen. R., =S.=2217. -Cox, Maj.-Gen. J. D., =C.=4672. -Cox, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. C., =C.=4713. -Cozzens, Sergt. F., =S.=1591. -Cradlebough, Col. J., 114th Ohio Infantry, =S.=1775. -Crandall, Surg. W. B., 16th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2156. -Crane, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. H., =S.=1911. -Crane, Maj. F. W., paymaster, =S.=1895. -Crawford, Capt. J. S., 114th Pa. Infantry, =L.=7037. -Crawford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. J., =C.=4784. -Crawford, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. W., =S.=2095, =S.=3718, =S.=3807. -Creiger, Lieut.-Col. J. A., 11th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1627. -Crittenden, Maj.-Gen. T. L., =S.=1730. -Crocker, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., =S.=630. -Crocker, Brig.-Gen. M. M., =C.=4646. -Crook, Maj.-Gen. G., =C.=4498, =C.=5121. -Cross, Col. E. E., 5th N. H. Infantry, =S.=1983. -Cross, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O., =S.=1606. -Croxton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. T., =C.=5096. -Cullum, Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=1712. -Cummings, Lieut.-Col. C., 17th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1468. -Cummins, Lieut.-Col. F. M., 124th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1366, =S.=1621. -Cunningham, Capt., =L.=7483. -Cunningham, Maj., =S.=1451. -Curtin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. J., =S.=2038. -Curtis, Lieut.-Col., =S.=1881. -Curtis, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. N. M., =S.=2039. -Curtis, Maj.-Gen. S. R., =S.=2075. -Curtis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. B., =S.=3224. -Custer, Maj.-Gen. G. A., =S.=1613. -Cutler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L., =S.=1892. -Dahlgren, Col. Ulric, =C.=4642. -Dana, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. L., =S.=3748. -Dana, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. J., =C.=4469. -Dana, Maj.-Gen. N. J. T., =S.=1809. -Daniels, Maj. R. R., =S.=1523. -Dare, Lieut.-Col., 34th Pa. Infantry, =S.=2159. -Davies, Maj.-Gen. H. E., =S.=1654. -Davies, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. A., =S.=2101. -Davis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. P., =S.=3206. -Davis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=1425. -Davis, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Jeff G., =L.=7080, =L.=7691, =S.=1162, =S.=2021. -Davis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. W. H., =C.=4723. -Day, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=3793. -Dayton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. V., =S.=1777, =S.=2065. -Deane, Maj. C. W., =S.=1791. -De Golyer, Maj. S., 4th Mich. Cavalry, =S.=1992. -De Hautville, Capt. F. S. G., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=1517. -Deitzler, Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=3233. -De Joinville, Prince, =S.=2097. -De Lacy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=3226. -De Lacy, Maj. W., 37th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2253. -Dennison, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. W., =C.=4665. -Dent, Brig.-Gen. F. T., =C.=4493. -Denver, Brig.-Gen. J. W., =S.=1808. -Derrom, Col. A., 25th N. J. Infantry, =S.=3741. -De Russy, Capt. Isaac D., 1st U. S. Infantry, =S.=1698. -De Russy, Brig.-Gen. G. A., =S.=1612. -De Russy, Brig.-Gen. G. A. and staff, =L.=7215. -De Trobriand, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. P. R., =S.=2117. -Devens, Maj.-Gen. C. and staff, =C.=4178. -Devereaux, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. F., =S.=3066. -Devin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. C., =S.=1872, =S.=2048. -Dewey, Brig.-Gen. J. A., =S.=3053. -Dexter, Surg. J. E., 40th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1888. -Dick, Maj. M. M., 105th Pa. Infantry, =S.=1725. -Dickinson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=1446. -Dilger, Capt. H., Ohio Artillery, =S.=3177. -Dimock, Maj. J. J., 82d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1393. -Diven, Surg., =S.=2203. -Diven, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. S., =S.=1852. -Dix, Maj.-Gen. J. A., =S.=1546. -Dodd, Adjt. C. O., 5th N. H. Infantry, =S.=1838. -Dodd, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L. A. (in group), =L.=7758. -Dodge, Brig.-Gen. C. C., =S.=1555, =S.=1566. -Dodge, Maj.-Gen. G. M., =S.=1672. -Dodge, Col. J. A., 75th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3869. -Donaldson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. L., =S.=2613. -Dore, Sergt., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1619. -D'Orleans, Louis Phillipe (Comte de Paris), aide-de-camp, =S.=3818, - =S.=3820. -D'Orleans, R. (Duc de Chartres), aide-de-camp, =S.=3818, =S.=3819. -D'Orville, Lieut, A., 6th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2112. -Doubleday, Maj.-Gen. Abner, =S.=1497. -Doubleday, Col. T. D., 4th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, =S.=1874. -Doubleday, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=3312. -Dougherty, Surg. A. N., =S.=1891. -Downing, Maj. P. J., 42d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2106. -Drew, Lieut.-Col. W. O., 2d D. C. Infantry, =S.=1362. -Drinning, Maj., =S.=1432. -Drum, Brig.-Gen. R. C., =C.=4492. -Ducat, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. C., =C.=5166. -Dudley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. W., =S.=2625. -Duffie, Brig.-Gen. A. N., =S.=1565, =S.=2154. -Duryee, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Abram, =S.=1374. -Dustin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D., =S.=3847. -Dustin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. and staff, =L.=7572. -D'Utassy, Col. F. G., 39th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1496, =S.=2184. -Dwight, Maj. W., 2d Mass. Infantry, =S.=1811, =S.=1814. -Dwight, Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=1694. -Dyer, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. B., =C.=5161. -Dyer, Capt. C. G., 2d R. I. Infantry, =S.=1686. -Easton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L. C. (in group), =L.=7963. -Eaton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Amos B., =S.=1915. -Eckel, Lieut. J. S., 50th Pa. Infantry, =L.=7359. -Eckert, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. T., =S.=2057. -Edwards, Col. C. S., 5th Me. Infantry, =S.=1509. -Edwards, Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4646. -Edwards, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. O., =S.=2028. -Ekin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., =S.=1834. -Elder, Lieut.-Col. A. B., 10th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3868. -Ellett, Brig.-Gen. A. W., =S.=1745. -Elliott, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. L., =S.=3216. -Ellis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. V. H., 124th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2093. -Ellsworth, Col. E. E., 11th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3175. -Ely, Maj. G. B., paymaster, =S.=1792. -Ely, Maj. John, =S.=1714. -Emory, Maj.-Gen. W. H., =C.=4507. -English, Lieut.-Col. James, =S.=1350. -Enos, Maj. A. G. 8th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=2158. -Ent, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. H., =S.=3266. -Eustis, Brig.-Gen. H. L., =S.=3172. -Everett, Surg. F., =S.=3809. -Everdell, Col. W., 23d N. Y. S. M., =S.=1404. -Ewing, Lieut.-Col. C., 4th N. J. Infantry, =S.=1648. -Ewing, Brig.-Gen. Thomas, =S.=2054. -Ewing, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H., =C.=4495. -Ewing, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T., =C.=4484. -Fairchild, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., =S.=3202. -Fairchild, Brig.-Gen. L., =S.=1611. -Fairman, Col. J., 96th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2232. -Farnham, Lieut.-Col. N. L., 11th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1628. -Farnham, Lieut.-Col. R., 15th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1479. -Farnsworth, Brig.-Gen. E. J., =S.=2638, =S.=3106. -Farnsworth, Brig.-Gen. J. F., =S.=1894. -Farnum, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. E., =S.=1385. -Farquhar, Lieut. F. U., Engineer Corps, =S.=2114. -Farrell, Lieut., =S.=1484. -Faulke, Col. A. G., =S.=3867. -Ferrell, Capt. W. G., =S.=2130. -Ferrero, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., =S.=807, =S.=1652. -Ferrero, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. and staff, =L.=7053, =C.=5333. -Ferry, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. O. S., =C.=5177. -Fessenden, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. F., =S.=3745. -Fessenden, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. D., =S.=1914. -Finklemeier, Maj. J. P., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=3804. -Finley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A., =C.=4788. -Fisher, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. F. (in group), =L.=7848. -Fisher, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W. and staff, =L.=7058. -Fisk, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. B., =C.=4664. -Fisk, Lieut.-Col. F. S., 2d N. H. Infantry, =S.=3849. -Fletcher, Maj. A. W., paymaster, =S.=1732. -Flint, Capt. E. A., 1st Mass. Cavalry, =L.=7403. -Floyd, Lieut.-Col. H. C., =S.=1748. -Foote, Maj. F., =S.=1418. -Force, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. M. F., =C.=5099. -Ford, Maj. G. W., 50th N. Y. Engineers, =L.=7166. -Forsyth, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. A., =C.=4508. -Forsyth, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W., February, 1863, =S.=214. -Foster, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., =S.=1538, =S.=1605, =S.=1796. -Foster, Maj.-Gen. J. G., =S.=3828. -Foster, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. S., =S.=2026, =S.=2053. -Foster, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. S. and staff, =C.=4043, =C.=4201. -Fowler, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. B., =S.=3801. -Fowler, Col. Henry, =S.=1906. -Frank, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. P., =S.=3001. -Franklin, Maj.-Gen. W. B., =S.=3795. -Fremont, Maj.-Gen. John C., =S.=1315. -French, Maj.-Gen. W. H., =L.=7345, =L.=7578, =S.=1884. -French, Maj-Gen. W. H. and staff, =L.=7501, =L.=7502. -Frost, Surg. C. P., 15th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1447. -Fry, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. B., =S.=1377, =S.=1508. -Fuller, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =S.=2031. -Fullerton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., =C.=4782. -Gaines, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. P., =S.=1327. -Gansevoort, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. S. and staff, =L.=7723, =L.=7726, - =L.=7738. -Gardiner, Maj. C. C., 27th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1703. -Garfield, Maj.-Gen. James A., =S.=2218. -Garland, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. John, =S.=1329. -Gates, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. B., =S.=1827. -Geary, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =S.=2033. -Geddes, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. L., =S.=3064. -Gerhardt, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=3097. -Getty, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. W., =S.=3783. -Gibbon, Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=1464. -Gibbs, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =S.=1901. -Gibson, Maj. Thomas, 14th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1543. -Giesy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. H., =S.=3190. -Gilbert, Surg. R. H., =S.=1552, =S.=3720. -Gilbert, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. S. A., =C.=5048. -Gillmore, Maj.-Gen. Q. A., =S.=2239. -Gilman, Lieut. J. H., 1st U. S. Artillery, =S.=1372. -Glasgow, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. L., =C.=4648. -Goddard, Capt. R. H. I., aide-de-camp, =S.=1498. -Goff, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N., =S.=3035. -Goodell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. A., =C.=5182. -Goodrich, Maj. Edwin R., =S.=1773. -Goodrich, Maj. C. S. (Surgeon), =S.=2229. -Gordon, Capt. G. A., 2d U. S. Cavalry, =S.=1482. -Gordon, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. H., =S.=1855. -Gorman, Brig.-Gen. W. A., =S.=1713. -Gould, Lieut.-Col. E., 5th Mich. Cavalry, =S.=1439. -Gould, Maj. W. P., paymaster, =S.=3794. -Gouley, Ass't Surg. J. W. S., =S.=1909. -Gowan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=2624. -Graham, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Charles K., =S.=1963. -Graham, Brig.-Gen. L. P., =S.=2631, =S.=3049. -Granger, Maj.-Gen. Gordon, =S.=1787. -Grant, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L. A., =S.=3095, =S.=3174. -Grant, Gen. U. S., =L.=7947, =S.=1559. -Greble, Lieut, J. T., 2d U. S. Artillery, =C.=4655. -Greene, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. S., =S.=1867. -Greene, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. D., =S.=3019. -Gregg, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. McM., =S.=1756. -Gregg, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. McM. and staff, =C.=4067, =C.=4075. -Gregg, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. I., =S.=3090. -Grierson, Maj.-Gen. B. H., =S.=3073. -Griffin, Maj.-Gen. Charles (as Captain), =S.=1373. -Griffin, Maj.-Gen. C. and staff, =L.=7064. -Griffin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. G., =C.=5095. -Grover, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C., =S.=3717. -Grover, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. I. G., =S.=1677. -Guiney, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Patrick R., =S.=3096. -Gurney, Lieut. W., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1585. -Guss, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H., =C.=4703. -Hackleman, Brig.-Gen. P. A., =C.=4674. -Hagadorn, Maj. F. A., 79th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1700. -Hall, Col. H. B., =S.=3760. -Hall, Lieut.-Col. H. H., 4th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, =S.=1921. -Hall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., =S.=2637. -Hall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A. and staff, =L.=7229, =L.=7915. -Hall, Capt. T. E., quartermaster, =L.=7039. -Halleck, Maj.-Gen. H. W., =S.=3845. -Hallowell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. N., =S.=2665. -Halpine, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. G., =C.=4962. -Hamblin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen J. E., =S.=1476, =S.=2150. -Hambright, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. A., =S.=3204. -Hamilton, Maj. A., aide-de-camp, =S.=1501. -Hamilton, Brig.-Gen. A. J., =S.=3875. -Hamilton, Maj.-Gen. C. S., =S.=1982. -Hamilton, Maj.-Gen. S., =S.=2230. -Hamlin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C., =S.=3200. -Hammell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., =S.=2671. -Hammond, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4980. -Hammond, Brig.-Gen. W. A., Surgeon General, =S.=1558. -Hancock, Maj.-Gen. W. S., =S.=1877. -Hardenburgh, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. B., =S.=1715. -Hardie, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., =S.=1761. -Hardin, Brig.-Gen. M. D., =S.=1831. -Hardin, Brig.-Gen. M. D. and staff, =L.=7338, =L.=7429, =L.=7430. -Harker, Brig.-Gen. C. G., =S.=3079. -Harkins, Maj. D. H., 1st N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=3870. -Harney, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. S., =L.=7928, =S.=1323. -Harris, Col., =S.=1688. =C.= -Harris, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. M., =S.=2023. -Harrison, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Benjamin, =S.=3039. -Harrison, Lieut.-Col. A. I., 22d Ind. Infantry, =S.=3776. -Harrow, Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=3043. -Hart, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. H., =L.=7139. -Hartsuff, Maj.-Gen. G. L., =S.=1534. -Hartsuff, Maj.-Gen. G. L. and staff, =L.=7571. -Hartwell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A. (group), =L.=7194. -Haskin, Brig.-Gen. J. A., =S.=3217. -Hatch, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., =C.=4982. -Hatch, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. P. and staff, =S.=3430. -Hatch, Col. W. B., 4th N. J. Infantry, =S.=3746. -Hathaway, Col. S. G., 141st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1448. -Haupt, Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=1567. -Hawes, Capt. Jas. D., 133d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1597. -Hawkins, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. P., =S.=3074. -Hawkins, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. C., =S.=1511. -Hawley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. and staff, =L.=7843, =L.=7844. -Haws, Lieut. G. T., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1493. -Hayes, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=3271. -Hayes, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. B., =S.=3002. -Hayman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. B., =S.=3058. -Hays, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Alex., =S.=1645, =S.=1961. -Hays, Capt. H. B., 6th U. S. Cavalry, =S.=2067. -Hays, Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=1727. -Hays, Brig.-Gen. W. and staff, =L.=7833, =L.=7877. -Hazard, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., =C.=4675. -Hazen, Maj.-Gen. W. B., =S.=2126. -Healey, Maj. H. G., 65th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1421. -Heath, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. E., =S.=1361. -Heath, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. H., =C.=4488. -Hedrick, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., =S.=2049. -Heintzelman, Maj.-Gen. S. P., =S.=1384. -Heintzelman, Maj.-Gen. S. P. and staff, =L.=7839, =S.=628, =S.=2304. -Heniner, Maj. R. H., =S.=3851. -Henry, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. V., =S.=3220. -Herron, Maj.-Gen. F. J., =S.=1602. -Hewitt (or Hawks), Surg. C. N., 50th N. Y. Engineers, =L.=7101. -Hidden, Lieut. H. B., 1st N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=2135. -Higgins, Lieut.-Col. J., 1st Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1368. -Hill, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. H., =S.=2046. -Hillyer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. S., =S.=1886. -Hinks, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. W., =S.=1542. -Hitchcock, Maj.-Gen. E. A., =S.=2020. -Hobart, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. C., =S.=3205. -Hoffman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. C., =C.=5163. -Hoffman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W., =C.=5154. -Hoffman, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W., =L.=7288, =L.=7679. -Holabird, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. B., =C.=4658. -Holliday, Maj. S. V., paymaster, =S.=1793. -Holman, Maj. O., paymaster, =S.=1948. -Holston, Surg. J. G. F., =S.=1908. -Holt, Lieut.-Col. W., 31st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=138. -Hooker, Maj.-Gen. Joe, =S.=1922. -Hooker, Maj.-Gen. Joe (on horseback), =C.=4490. -Hooker, Maj.-Gen. Joe and staff, June, 1863, =L.=7950. -Hopkins, Lieut.-Col. R. H., =S.=1520. -Horn, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W., =C.=4663. -Hough, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4590. -Hovey, Brig.-Gen. A. P., =S.=3084. -Hovey, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. E., =S.=3219. -Howard, Maj. J., paymaster, =S.=1873, =S.=3816. -Howard, Maj.-Gen. O. O., =S.=3719, =S.=3788. -Howe, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. P., =S.=1646. -Howell, Brig.-Gen. J. B., =S.=2662. -Howland, Paymaster M., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1589. -Hoyt, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. H., =C.=5162. -Hoyt, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. M., =C.=4722. -Hubbard, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L. F., =S.=3110. -Hubbard, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. H., =C.=5136. -Hudson, Lieut.-Col. E. McK., aide-de-camp, =S.=1776. -Huff, Capt., =L.=7361. -Huger, Capt. J. B., =S.=1692. -Hughston, Col. R. S., 144th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3759. -Humphreys, Maj.-Gen. A. A., =S.=2346. -Humphreys, Maj.-Gen. A. A. and staff, =L.=7397, =L.=7581. -Hunt, Col., =S.=1797. -Hunt, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. J., Chief of Artillery, =S.=1912. -Hunt, Brig.-Gen. L. C., =S.=1541. -Hunter, Maj.-Gen. D., =S.=1820. -Hunter, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. M. C., =C.=4601. -Hurlburt, Maj.-Gen. S. A., =S.=1782. -Hurst, Maj. S. H., =S.=1438. -Hutchinson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. S., =S.=3225. -Hyde, Col. B. N., 3d Vt. Infantry, =S.=3770. -Hyde, Lieut.-Col. W. B., 9th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1471. -Ingalls, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Rufus, =S.=1569. -Innes, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. P., =C.=5172. -Irwine, Surg. C. K., 72d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=279, =S.=3821. -Jackson, Brig.-Gen. J. S., =S.=2023. -Jackson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. N. J., =S.=1413, =S.=3797, =S.=3812. -Jackson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. M., =S.=3728. -Jacobs, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F., =S.=3015. -James, Surg., =S.=3811. -Jameson, Adjt. A. H., 32d Pa. Infantry, =S.=1837. -Jameson, Brig.-Gen. C. D., =S.=3817. -Janeway, Col. H., 1st N. J. Cavalry, =S.=1658. -Jay, Capt. W., aide-de-camp, =S.=2246. -Jehl, Maj. F., 55th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1949. -Jenkins, Col. D. T., 146th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1763. -Jewett, Col. A. B., 10th Vt. Infantry, =S.=2165. -Jewett, Col. W. N. J., =S.=2164. -Johnson, Brig.-Gen. A., =C.=4592. -Johnson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A., =S.=1857, =S.=2254. -Johnson, Maj. L. E., paymaster, =S.=2194. -Johnson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen R. W., =C.=4698. -Johnston, Lieut.-Col. J. W., 93d Pa. Infantry, =S.=2183. -Jones, Col. C., =S.=1937. -Jones, Surg. Henry, =S.=1910. -Jones, Col. Owen, 1st Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1938. -Jones, Brig.-Gen. P. H., =S.=3268. -Jones, Maj. R., Ass't. Insp.-Gen., =S.=1730, =S.=2195. -Jones, Maj. W. T., =S.=3850. -Jordan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. J., =C.=4712. -Jourdan, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=1962. -Judah, Brig.-Gen. H. M., =S.=1601. -Judson, Col. R. W., 142d N. Y. Infantry, =S.= 1414. -Judson, Col. E. Z. C., =S.=1883. -Judson, Surg. O. A., =S.=3813. -Kane, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. L., =S.=1847. -Karge, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=1616. -Kautz, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. V., =C.=4575. -Kearney, Maj.-Gen. P., =S.=2209. -Keifer, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =C.=4487. -Keim, Brig.-Gen. W. H., =S.=1885. -Kelly, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. B. F., =S.=1681. -Kelton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. C., =S.=1427. -Keyes, Maj.-Gen. E. D., =S.=1634. -Kiernan, Brig.-Gen. J. L., S.1553, =S.=1759. -Kilpatrick, Col., =S.=1918. -Kilpatrick, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=340, =S.=341, =S.=1391. -Kilpatrick, Bvt, Maj.-Gen. J. and staff, =L.=7224, =S.=7516. -Kimball, Lieut.-Col. E. A., 9th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3862. -Kimball, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. N., =S.=1647. -Kimball, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. K., =S.=2658. -King, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. H., =S.=2609. -King, Brig.-Gen. R., =S.=3823. -King, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. W. S., =S.=3273. -Kip, Maj. L., aide-de-camp, =S.=1483. -Kirby, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. T., =C.=4472. -Kirk, Brig.-Gen. E. N., =S.=3237. -Knap, Bvt. Maj. J. M., Ind. Battery E, Pa. Artillery, =S.=1790. -Knight, Lieut.-Col. F. L., 24th N. J. Infantry, =S.=1456. -Knight, Capt. S. F., 87th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1696. -Knipe, Brig.-Gen. J. F., =S.=1592. -Knowles, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. B., =C.=4707. -Koltes, Col. J. A., 73d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1734. -Kopp, Capt. William, =S=.1839. -Kron, Capt. M., 8th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3861. -Krzyzanowski, Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=1897. -Laflin, Maj., =S.=1932. -Laidley, Surg. J. B., 85th Pa. Infantry, =S.=3844. -Lambert, Capt. L. J., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=1518. -Lander, Brig.-Gen. F. W., =S.=1314. -Landram, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. J., =S.=3081. -Lansing, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. S., =S.=1595. -Larned, Capt. D. R., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=1481. -Larrabee, Col. C. H., 5th Wisc. Infantry, =S.=2186. -Lawton, Col. R. B., 1st R. I. Cavalry, =S.=3727. -Leasure, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D., =C.=4714. -Ledlie, Brig.-Gen. J. H., =S.=1770. -Lee, Brig.-Gen. A. L., =S.=1863. -Lefferts, Col. M., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1669. -Le Gendre, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. W., =S.=1527. -Leggett, Maj.-Gen. M. D., =S.=2047. -Leggett, Maj.-Gen. M. D. and staff, =L.=7052. -Lehmann, Col. T. F., 103d Pa. Infantry, =S.=3814. -Lemon, Maj. Frank, =S.=2149. -Liebenan, Adjt. J. H., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1664. -Lincoln, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. S., =C.=5180. -Littell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., =C.=4718. -Littlejohn, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. C., =C.=4662. -Locke, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. T., =S.=2601. -Lockwood, Brig.-Gen. H. H., =S.=3104. -Logan, Maj.-Gen. John A., =S.=1900. -Long, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., =C.=5174. -Loomis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. O., =C.=5169. -Loomis, Lieut.-Col. H. C., 154th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3734. -Lord, Col. N., 6th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1731. -Lord, Col. W. B., 35th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3782. -Love, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. M., =S.=2043. -Lovell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. S., =S.=3234. -Ludlow, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. C. (in group), =L.=7098, =L.=7380. -Lyle, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. P., =S.=2018. -Lyman, Lieut.-Col. G. H., Medical Inspector, =S.=1344. -Lynch, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. P., =C.=4676. -Lyon, Col. G., 8th N. Y. S. M., =S.=2107, =S.=2111. -Lyon, Brig.-Gen. N., =C.=4677. -Lytle, Brig.-Gen. W. H., =C.=4737. -McAllister, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =S.=3057. -McArthur, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=3071, =S.=3223. -McArthur, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. W. M., =S.=2627. -McCabe, Maj. G. F., 13th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1617. -McCall, Brig.-Gen. G. A., =S.=1643. -McCallum, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. C., =S.=1489, =S.=1926, =S.=3751. -McCalmont, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. B., =S.=1356. -McCalmont, Col. J. S., 39th Pa. Infantry, =S.=1899. -McCandless, Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=2648. -McCarter, Col. J. M., 93d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2137. -McCarty, Col., =S.=1916. -McChesney, Col. W. W., 10th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1737. -McClellan, Maj.-Gen. G. B., =S.=1642. -McClellan, Maj.-Gen. G. B. and staff, =S.=1640, =C.=4530, =C.=5051, - =C.=4400. -McClellan, Maj.-Gen. G. B. and wife, =S.=1765. -McClernand, Maj.-Gen. J. A., =S.=2220. -McClure, Maj. D., paymaster, =S.=1956. -McClure, Capt. J. W., quartermaster, =S.=1903. -McConthe, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=1359. -McCook, Maj.-Gen. A. McD., =L.=7204, =S.=1744. -McCook, Maj.-Gen. A. McD. and staff, =L.=7206, =L.=7660, =S.=1022. -McCook, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. M., =S.=2006, =S.=2086. -McDougall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., =S.=1709. -McDougall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. D., =S.=1340, =S.=1449, =S.=2060. -McDougall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. D. and staff, =C.=4077. -McDowell, Maj.-Gen. I., =S.=1030. -McGilvery, Lieut.-Col. F., 1st Me. Light Artillery, =S.=3021. -McGroarty, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. J., =S.=2079. -McIntosh, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. B., =S.=2055. -McIntosh, Maj. J. D., 7th N. J. Infantry, =S.=1950, =S.=3777. -McIvor, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. P., =C.=5134. -Mackay, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., =S.=2061. -McKean, Col. J. B., 77th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2178. -McKechnie, Lieut. R., 9th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1495. -McKeever, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., =S.=2660. -McKibbin, Maj. T., =S.=3835. -McKinstry, Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=3075. -McLaren, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. N., =S.=3070. -McLaughlin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. B., =S.=2052. -McLaughlin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. B. and staff, =L.=7180, =L.=7201. -McLean, Brig.-Gen. N. C., =S.=2170. -McMahon, Col. J. P., 164th N. Y. Infantry, =C.=4319. -McMahon, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. M. T., =S.=2008. -McMillan, Surg. T., =S.=1583. -McMillen, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =S.=2041. -McNeil, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=1653. -McPherson, Maj.-Gen. J. B., =S.=2612. -McQuade, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=3824. -McReynolds, Col. A. T., 1st. N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1678, =S.=3806. -Madill, Surg. W. A., 23d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1419. -Mahler, Col. F., 75th Pa. Infantry, =S.=1789, =S.=3743. -Mallon, Col. J. E., 42d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1622. -Maluski, Capt. A., 58th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3778. -Manderson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. F., =S.=3112. -Mank, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. G., =S.=3182. -Mann, Col. W. D., 7th Mich. Cavalry, =S.=1644. -Manning, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. H., =S.=3008. -Mansfield, Maj.-Gen. J. K. F., =S.=3038. -Marcy, Brig.-Gen. R. B., =S.=3790. -Marriner, Maj. Edward, =S.=1919. -Marshall, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. G., =S.=2174. -Marshall, Col. L. M., =S.=2167. -Marshall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. R., =S.=3069. -Marston, Brig.-Gen. G., =C.=4577. -Martin, Surg. H. F., 123d Pa. Infantry, =S.=1392. -Martin, Maj. W. J., paymaster, =S.=1970. -Martindale, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. H., =S.=3767. -Martindale, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. H. and staff, =S.=2435. -Marvin, Capt., =S.=1575. -Mason, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. C., =S.=1861. -Mather, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. S., =S.=3742. -Matheson, Col. R., 32d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3022. -Maxwell, Lieut.-Col. W. C., 103d Pa. Infantry, =S.=1365. -May, Maj. Isaac M., 19th Ind. Infantry, =S.=1819. -Meade, Maj.-Gen. G. G., =S.=1467. -Meade, Maj.-Gen. G. G. and staff, =L.=7098, =L.=7099, =L.=7330, - =L.=7367, =L.=7518, =L.=7957. -Meagher, Brig.-Gen. T. F., =S.=1638. -Meigs, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. M. C., Quartermaster-General, =S.=1333. -Meredith, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S., =S.=2182. -Meredith, Brig.-Gen. S. A., =C.=4679. -Merrill, Lieut.-Col. C. B., 17th Me. Infantry, =S.=1360. -Merritt, Maj.-Gen. Wesley, =S.=1830, =S.=1865. -Merritt, Maj.-Gen. Wesley, and staff, =C.=4064. -Merrow, Maj. J. M., =S.=3846. -Miles, Col. D. S., 2d U. S. Infantry, =S.=2241. -Miles, Maj.-Gen. N. A., S.1879, =S.=2044. -Milhan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. J., =C.=4790. -Miller, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. F., =C.=5155. -Miller, Brig.-Gen. S., =C.=4736. -Milroy, Maj.-Gen. R. H., =S.=2225. -Minty, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. H. G., =C.=5173. -Mintzer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. M., =S.=3229. -Mitchell, Maj.-Gen. O. M., =S.=2207. -Mitchell, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. G., =S.=2624. -Mitchell, Brig.-Gen. R. B., =S.=1680. -Mitchell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. G., =S.=2653. -Mix, Col. S. H., 3d N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=2120. -Mizner, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. K., =S.=2668. -Molineux, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. L., =C.=4586. -Moor, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=2651. -Moore, Lieut.-Col. S., 11th N. J. Infantry, =S.=1358. -Morehead, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. G., =S.=586. -Morrell, Maj.-Gen. G. W., =S.=1516. -Morrell, Maj. J. A., paymaster, =S.=3839. -Morford, Capt. W. E., quartermaster, =S=1433, =S.=1821. -Morgan, Brig.-Gen. C. H., =S.=2633. -Morgan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. N., =S.=3834. -Morgan, Maj.-Gen. E. D., =S.=3876. -Morgan, Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=3061. -Morgan, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. D., =S.=3203. -Morris, Col. L. O., 7th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, =S.=2602. -Morris, Lieut.-Col. T., 4th U. S. Infantry, =S.=3769. -Morris, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. H., S.1596, =S.=2212. -Morrison, Col. A. J., 3d N. J. Cavalry, =S.=1896. -Morrison, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D., =S.=3105. -Morrison. Sergt. J. J., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1486. -Morrow, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. A., =S.=1505, =S.=1853. -Morse, Maj. E. C., paymaster, =S.=2157. -Morton, Brig.-Gen. J. St. C., =C.=5171. -Morton, Lieut.-Col. L., =S.=1357. -Moses. Lieut.-Col. I., 72d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1798. -Mott. Maj.-Gen. G., =S.=2172. -Mott, Capt. T. P., 3d N. Y. Battery, =S.=1726, =S.=2100. -Mower, Maj.-Gen. J. A., =S.=2037. -Mower, Maj.-Gen. J. A. and staff, =L.=4047. -Mulford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. E., =S.=2110, =S.=3374. -Mulick, Lieut.-Col., =S.=1840. -Mulligan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., =S.=2087. -Mundee, Maj. C., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=1524. -Munesly, Maj. C. H., =S.=1946. -Murphy, Col. J. McL., 15th N. Y. Engineers, =S.=1614. -Murphy, Col. M., 182d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1679. -Mussey, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. D., =S.=2606. -Myer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., =C.=4580. -Nagle, Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=2623. -Naglee, Brig.-Gen. H. M., =S.=2223. -Nazer, Lieut.-Col. F., 4th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1805. -Neill, Capt. E. M., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=1771. -Neill, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. H., =S.=2629. -Nelson, Maj.-Gen. W., =S.=2063. -Newby, Maj. W., 6th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1531. -Newton, Maj.-Gen. John, =S.=1557. -Nichols, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. F., =S.=1397. -Nichols, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. S., =S.=1942. -Nichols, Maj. H. H., =S.=1618. -Norton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. B., =L.=7200, =S.=1352. -Nugent, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R., =S.=3856. -Nye, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. H., =S.=2618. -O'Burne, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. R., =S.=3269. -O'Connell, Capt. J. D., 14th U. S. Infantry, =S.=3270. -O'Connor. Col. E., 2d Wisc. Infantry, =S.=3863. -O'Dowd, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=3208. -Oglesby, Maj.-Gen. R. J., =S.=1755. -Olcott, Maj. E., 121st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1410. -Oliphant, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. D., =S.=3796. -Oliver, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. M., =S.=2630. -Olmstead, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. A., =S.=3088. -O'Mahoney, Col. J., 40th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2104. -Opdyke, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., =S.=1965. -Opdyke, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. and staff, =C.=4333. -Ord, Maj.-Gen. E. O. C., =S.=2081, =S.=2084, =S.=3384. -Ord, Maj.-Gen. E. O. C. and staff, =C.=4206. -Ordway, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=3080. -Osterhaus, Maj.-Gen. P. J., =S.=1871. -Owen, Brig.-Gen. J. T., =C.=4483. -Owen, Lieut.-Col. S. W. (caught napping), 3d Pa. Cavalry, =S.=625. -Packard, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4735. -Page, Capt, H., quartermaster, =L.=7090, =L.=7274. -Palfrey, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. W., =C.=4657. -Palmer, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. I. N., =S.=1823. -Palmer, Maj.-Gen. J. M., =C.=5168. -Palmer, Capt., =S.=2198. -Pangborn, Maj. Z. K., paymaster, =S.=1697. -Parham, Lieut.-Col. C., 29th Pa. Infantry, =S.=1342. -Parke, Maj.-Gen. J. G., =S.=1403. -Parmalee, Adjt. L. C., 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, =S.=1825. -Parsons, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L. B., =S.=2654. -Parsons, Lieut.-Col. J. B., 10th Mass. Infantry, =S.=1341. -Patrick, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. A., =L.=7001, =S.=1693. -Patrick, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. M. R. and staff =L.=7075, =L.=7238, =L.=7588. -Patten, Commissary W., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1668. -Patterson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. N., =S.=2666. -Patterson, Maj.-Gen. R., =C.=4711. -Patterson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. E., =C.=4963. -Patton, Lieut.-Col. A. G., 1st N. Y. Mounted Rifles, =S.=1750. -Paul, Brig.-Gen. G. R., =C.=4489. -Peard, Lieut.-Col. R., 9th Mass. Infantry, =S.=1717. -Pearson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. L., =S.=3210. -Pease, Ass't Surg. P. C., 6th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2205. -Peck, Maj.-Gen. J. J., =S.=1954. -Peck, Maj.-Gen. J. J. and staff, =S.=1907. -Peisener, Col. E., 119th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3179. -Pelouze, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L. H., =C.=4486. -Pennington, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. C. M., =S.=3089. -Pennypacker, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G., =C.=4709. -Penrose, Brig.-Gen. W. H., =S.=2050. -Perkins, Lieut-Col. S. H., 14th Conn. Infantry, =S.=1436. -Perley, Col. T. F., Medical Inspector, =S.=2163. -Perry, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., =S.=3721. -Perry, Col. J. H., 48th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1778. -Pettes, Col. W. H., 50th N. Y. Engineers, =S.=2145. -Phelps, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. E., =C.=4734. -Piatt, Brig.-Gen. A. S., =S.=3087. -Pickett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=5179. -Pile, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. A., =C.=4733. -Pineo, Surg. P., Medical Inspector, =S.=3840. -Plaisted, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. M., =S.=3722. -Pleasants, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=2622. -Pleasonton, Maj.-Gen. A., =L.=7317, =S.=342, =S.=2215. -Pleasonton, Maj.-Gen. A. and staff, =L.=7069, =L.=7369, =L.=7603. -Plummer, Brig.-Gen. J. B., =S.=3215. -Poe, Brig.-Gen. O. M., =S.=1953. -Pollock, Lieut. E., 9th U. S. Infantry, =S.=2200. -Poore, Maj. Ben: Perley, 8th Mass. Volunteer Militia, =S.=1426. -Pope, Maj.-Gen. John, =S.=2136. -Porter, Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=3825. -Porter, Col. B., 40th Mass. Infantry, =S.=3754. -Porter, Maj.-Gen. Fitz John, =S.=2062. -Porter, Maj.-Gen. Fitz John and staff, =C.=4560. -Porter, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =C.=4490. -Post, Col. H. A. V., 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, =S.=3731. -Post, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. P. S., =S.=3230. -Potter, Maj., =S.=2193. -Potter, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. E., =S.=2656. -Potter, Surg. H. A., 50th N. Y. Engineers, =S.=3852. -Potter, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. H., =C.=4491. -Potter, Maj.-Gen. R. B., =S.=1729. -Potter, Maj.-Gen. R. B. and staff =C.=4034. -Powell, Lieut.-Col. J. H., 9th R. I. Infantry, =S.=1343. -Pratt, Brig.-Gen. C. E., =S.=1719. -Pratt, Col. G., 80th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1843. -Prendergast, Capt. R. G., 1st N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1492. -Prentice, Maj.-Gen. B. M., =S.=2173. -Preston, Surg. A. W., 6th Wisc. Infantry, =S.=3854. -Preston, Col. A. W., 1st Vt. Cavalry, =S.=1751. -Price, Col. E. L., 145th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1388. -Price, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F., =S.=1752. -Price, Capt. J., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1533. -Pride, Col. G. G., aide-de-camp, =S.=2260. -Prince, Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=2222. -Prine, Lieut. N., 17th U. S. Infantry, =S.=2199. -Puleston, Lieut.-Col. J. H., Military Agent of Pennsylvania, =S.=1957. -Pulford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=3209. -Putnam, Capt. Lee W., =S.=1705. -Quick, Surg. L., =S.=3838. -Quinn, Chaplain T., 1st R. I. Light Artillery, =S.=1780. -Ramsay, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. D., =S.=1331. -Ramsay, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =C.=4598. -Randall, Col. F. V., 13th and 17th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1445. -Randall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=2626. -Randol, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. M., =S.=1660. -Ransom, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. E. G., =S.=1581. -Rathbon, Sergt.-Maj. R. C., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1472. -Rawlins, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., Chief of Grant's staff, =S.=1758. -Rawlins, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., wife and child, =S.=3616. -Razenski, Maj. A., 31st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2123. -Reid, Brig.-Gen. H. T., =S.=2659. -Reno, Maj.-Gen. J. L., =C.=4680. -Revere, Brig.-Gen. J. W., =S.=1718. -Reynolds, Maj.-Gen. J. F., =S.=3044, =S.=3045. -Reynolds, Maj.-Gen. J. J., =C.=4681. -Rice, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. W., =C.=4650. -Rice, Brig.-Gen. J. C., =S.=3025. -Rice, Brig.-Gen. S. A., =C.=4659. -Richardson, Maj.-Gen. I. B., =S.=815, =S.=3766. -Richardson, Col. R. H., 26th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3724. -Richardson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. P., =S.=1519. -Richmond, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L., =S.=1351, =S.=1485, =S.=1549. -Ricketts, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. B., =S.=3714. -Rikell, Col. J., =S.=1971. -Runyon, Brig.-Gen. T., =S.=1887. -Riker, Col. J. L., 62d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2129. -Riley, Capt., =S.=2197. -Riley, Col. E., 40th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1898. -Ringold, Col. B., 103d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3016. -Ripetti, Lieut.-Col. A., 39th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1544. -Ripley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. H., =S.=3113, =S.=3114. -Ripley, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =S.=3213. -Roberts, Maj.-Gen. B. S., =S.=2083. -Roberts, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. C. W., =S.=3758, =S.=3791. -Roberts, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4721. -Roberts, Col. T. A., 17th Me. Infantry, =S.=3761. -Robertson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., =C.=5142. -Robinson, Adjt. H. F., 76th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1832. -Robinson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. L., =S.=2082. -Robinson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. C., =S.=1465. -Robinson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. S., =S.=1529, =S.=3756. -Robinson, Surg. J. W., 141st and 179th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1434. -Rodman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. J., =S.=3093. -Rogers, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =C.=4082. -Rogers, Surg. J. K., =S.=3784. -Rogers, Lieut.-Col. L. D., 16th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1441. -Root, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. R., =S.=3214. -Rose, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. E., =C.=4717. -Rosecrans, Maj.-Gen. W. S., =S.=2001. -Ross, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., =S.=3802. -Rougham, Surg., =S.=3855. -Rousseau, Maj.-Gen. L. H., =S.=2025, =S.=2605. -Rowley, Brig.-Gen. T., =S.=3792. -Rucker, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. H., =C.=4804. -Ruger, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. H., =S.=1673, =S.=3100. -Ruggles, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. D. (in group), =L.=7957. -Runkle, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. B. P., =S.=1762. -Runyon, Maj. N. M., 11th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1984. -Rush, Surg. D. G., 101st Pa. Infantry, =S.=2244. -Rusk, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., =C.=4732. -Rushing, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. F., =S.=2610. -Russell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., =S.=3211. -Russell, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. A., =S.=1746. -Rutherford, Brig.-Gen. F. S., =S.=3218. -Ryder, Sergt. S. O., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1488. -Ryerson, Lieut.-Col. H. O., 10th N. J. Infantry, =S.=2238. -Sabine, Maj. J. A., =S.=1435. -Sackett, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. B., =S.=1387, =S.=1670. -Sackett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. H., =S.=1363. -Salm Salm, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F., =S.=3785. -Sanderson, Maj. J. M., aide-de-camp, =S.=1515. -Sanford, Maj.-Gen. C. W., N. Y. S. M., =S.=1319. -Sanford, Maj.-Gen. C. W. and staff, =S.=1563. -Satterlee, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. S., =S.=1925, =S.=3864. -Savage, Lieut.-Col. H. F., 25th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2007. -Sawtelle, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. G., =C.=4470. -Saxton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =S.=3715. -Sayers, Surg. L. A., =S.=1532. -Schenck, Maj.-Gen. R. C., =S.=1399, =S.=2000. -Scheffer, Lieut.-Col., =S.=2085. -Schimmelfennig, Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=3042. -Schoepf, Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=3231. -Schoff, Maj. L., =S.=1473. -Schoffer, Capt., =S.=2196. -Schofield, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=2655. -Schofield, Maj.-Gen. J. M., =S.=1944. -Schurz, Maj.-Gen. Carl, =S.=2608, =S.=3007. -Schwartz, Capt., the sharpshooter, =S.=2423. -Schwenk, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. K., =L.=7668. -Scott, Bvt. Lieut.-Gen. Winfield, =S.=1313. -Scott, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. K., =S.=2632. -Scott, Bvt. Lieut.-Gen. Winfield and staff, =S.=3163, =C.=4552. -Scribner, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. F., =S.=3063. -Scully, Chaplain T., 9th Mass. Infantry, =S.=1990, =S.=2192. -Seawell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=1474. -Sedgwick, Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=2177. -Sedgwick, Maj.-Gen. J. and staff, =C.=4619. -Selfridge, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. L., =S.=1461. -Senger, Lieut.-Col. A., 15th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, =S.=2168. -Serrell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. A., =S.=1772. -Sewall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. D., =S.=3753. -Seymour, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T., =S.=3094. -Schackelford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., =S.=3055. -Shafter, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. R., =S.=2604. -Shaler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =S.=1667. -Shanks, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. P. C., =C.=4731. -Sharpe, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. H., =C.=4588. -Sharpe, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=3730. -Shaw, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4730. -Shaw, Maj. W. M., =S.=2188. -Shepley, Brig.-Gen. G. F., =S.=2236. -Sheridan, Maj.-Gen. P. H., =C.=4016, =C.=4039. -Sheridan, Maj.-Gen. P. H. and generals, =L.=4048. -Sherley, Capt. Z. M., =S.=1574. -Sherman, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. W., =S.=1626. -Sherman, Lieut.-Gen. W. T., =S.=2002, =S.=2017. -Sherman, Lieut.-Gen. W. T. and generals, =S.=1990, =L.=4057. -Sherman, Lieut.-Gen. W. T. and staff, =L.=7963. -Shields, Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=2069. -Shiras, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =S.=3059. -Shreve, Maj. J. E., 132d Pa. Infantry, =S.=1440. -Shriver, Lieut.-Col. R. O., =S.=1346. -Shumway, Capt. H. C., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1590. -Sibley, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. H., =C.=4683. -Sickel, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. G., =C.=4706. -Sickles, Maj.-Gen. D. E., =S.=1702. -Sickles, Maj.-Gen. D. E. and staff, =S.=1754. -Sidell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. H., =S.=2615. -Sigel, Maj.-Gen. Franz, =S.=1512. -Sigfried, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. K., =S.=2621. -Simmons, Surg. M. E., 22d Mass. Infantry, =S.=1442. -Simpson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. H., =S.=1993. -Simpson, Surg. G. B. F., 62d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3805. -Sinclair, Col. W., 35th Pa. Infantry, =S.=1540. -Sleeper, Capt. J. H., 10th Mass. Battery, =L.=7085, =L.=7086, =L.=7583. -Slemmer, Brig.-Gen. A. J., =S.=1536. -Slocum, Maj.-Gen. H. W., =S.=1876. -Slocum, Maj.-Gen. H. W. and staff, =L.=4046. -Slough, Brig.-Gen. J. B., =S.=2226. -Smalley, Col. H. A., 5th Vt. Infantry, =S.=3729. -Smith, Lieut., =L.=7606. -Smith, Maj.-Gen. A. J., =C.=4805. -Smith, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. F., =S.=1711. -Smith, Maj.-Gen. C. F., =S.=1783. -Smith, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. H., =S.=3065. -Smith, Col. G. F., 61st Pa. Infantry, =S.=1369. -Smith, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. E., =S.=3050. -Smith, Maj. M. W., =S.=2190. -Smith, Brig.-Gen. T. C. H., =S.=1347. -Smith, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. K., =S.=1870. -Smith, Maj.-Gen. W. F., =S.=2160, =S.=2243. -Smith, Maj.-Gen. W. F. and staff, =C.=4038. -Smyth, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. A., =S.=3048. -Snider, Lieut.-Col. S. W., 4th W. Va. Cavalry, =S.=1455. -Snodgrass, Maj., =S.=3800. -Spaight, Capt. W. A., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1572. -Spaulding, Maj. C. F., 15th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1396. -Spear, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. P., =S.=3072. -Sprague, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. B. R., =C.=5181. -Sprague, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =S.=1934. -Sprague, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W. and staff, =L.=4049. -Sprague, Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=3873. -Spofford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. P., =S.=1348. -Stafford, Lieut.-Col. S. H., 11th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2144. -Stager, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Anson, =S.=1443. -Stahel, Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=1564. -Stanley, Maj.-Gen. D. S., =C.=4503. -Stannard, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. J., =S.=3047. -Starkweather, Brig.-Gen. J. C., =S.=1682. -Starr, Col. S. H., 5th N. J. Infantry, =S.=2140. -Starring, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. O., =S.=1577. -Steadman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. A., =S.=3115. -Stebbins, E. N., storekeeper, =S.=3822. -Steedman, Maj.-Gen. J. B., =S.=2024. -Steedman, Maj.-Gen. J. B. and staff, =C.=4059. -Sterling, Lieut. C. R., =S.=1803. -Stevens, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. F., =C.=4729. -Stevens, Col. W. O., 72d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1506, =S.=1845. -Stiles, Col. J. W., 83d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1499. -Stokes, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. B., =C.=4728. -Stone, Brig.-Gen. C. P., =S.=1380. -Stone, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. A., =S.=2657. -Stone, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R., =S.=3103. -Stone, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. M., =C.=4651. -Stoneman, Maj.-Gen. G., =S.=437, =S.=1562, =S.=3815. -Stoneman, Maj.-Gen. G. and staff, =S.=436, =S.=438, =S.=445, =S.=696. -Storm, Gen., =S.=1322. -Stough, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =C.=4594. -Stoughton, Brig.-Gen. E. H., =S.=2139. -Stoughton, Lieut.-Col. H. R., 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, =S.=1620. -Stoughton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. L., =C.=4727. -Stratton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. A., =C.=4719. -Streight, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. D., =S.=1760. -Strong, Maj.-Gen. G. C., S.1480, =S.=2210. -Strong, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. E., =C.=4595. -Strong, Brig.-Gen. W. K., =C.=4987. -Strother, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. H., =S.=3723. -Stryker, Maj. W. S., paymaster, =S.=1631. -Stuart, Col. C. B., 50th N. Y. Engineers, =S.=1846, =S.=2143. -Sturgis, Maj.-Gen. S. D., =S.=3842. -Sullivan, Col. T., 24th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1810, =S.=3744. -Sully, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =C.=4947. -Sumner, Maj.-Gen. E. V., =S.=2227. -Sutton, Chaplain J. F., 102d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2189. -Swain, Col. J. B., 11th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1401, =S.=3752. -Swayne, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W., =S.=3207. -Sweeney, Brig.-Gen. T. W., =S.=2427. -Sweet, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. J., =S.=1733. -Sweitzer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. B., =S.=1721. -Sweitzer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. B., =C.=4964. -Sykes, Maj.-Gen. G., =S.=1417. -Talley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. C., =S.=1539. -Tapley, Col. R. P., 27th Me. Infantry, =S.=1422. -Tappan, Lieut.-Col. S. F., 1st Col. Cavalry, =S.=1858. -Taylor, Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=1828. -Taylor, Brig.-Gen. N., =S.=1806. -Telford, Col. W. H., 50th Pa. Infantry, =L.=7281. -Tenner, Lieut. L., 39th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1528. -Terry, Maj.-Gen. A. H., =C.=4578. -Terry, Maj.-Gen. A. H. and staff, =C.=4051. -Terry, Maj. C. L., 13th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1981. -Tevis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. C., =S.=1420. -Thayer, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. M., =C.=4700. -Thomas, Maj.-Gen. G. C., =S.=1563. -Thomas, Maj.-Gen. Geo. H., =S.=2022, =S.=2607. -Thomas, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L., =S.=1330. -Thomas, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. M. T., =S.=3232. -Thourot, Lieut.-Col. L., 55th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2147. -Tibbitts, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. B., =S.=2667. -Tidball, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. C., =C.=4585. -Tilton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. S., =S.=1785. -Titus, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. B., =S.=1345. -Todd, Capt. J. B. S., 6th U. S. Infantry, =S.=1336. -Todd, Col. J. G., 35th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1941. -Tompkins, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. H., =C.=4685. -Tompkins, Col. G. W. B., 82d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1402. -Torbert, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. T. A., =S.=1424, =S.=1904. -Totten, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=2664. -Totten, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. G., =S.=1554. -Tourtelotte, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. E., =C.=4502. -Townsend, Gen., =S.=2213. -Townsend, Lieut.-Col. C., 106th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1659. -Townsend, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. D., =S.=1860, =S.=3765. -Tracy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. F., =S.=1507. -Trowbridge, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L. S., =S.=1394. -Truex, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. S., =S.=3222. -Tucker, Lieut.-Col. I. M., 2d N. J. Infantry, =S.=2131. -Turner, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =C.=4589. -Tuthill, Ass't Surg., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1584. -Tuttle, Brig.-Gen. J. M., =C.=4652. -Tuttle, Col. O. L., 6th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1802. -Tyler, Brig.-Gen. Daniel, 1629. -Tyler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. B., =S.=1437. -Tyler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. O., =S.=1383. -Tyler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. O. and staff, =L.=7377, =L.=7504. -Tyndale, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H., =C.=4704. -Ullman, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D., =S.=1530. -Underwood, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. B., =S.=2045. -Upham, Maj. C. L., 8th Conn. Infantry, =S.=1411. -Upton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., =S.=1835. -Vallee, Lieut.-Col. F., 82d Pa. Infantry, =S.=2146. -Van Allen, Brig.-Gen. J. H., =S.=2122. -Van Cleve, Bvt. Maj.-Gen., =C.=5170. -Vanderbilt, Lieut. G. W., 10th U. S. Infantry, =S.=2250. -Vandever, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W., =C.=4686. -Van Etten, Surg. S., 56th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3831. -Van Ness, Lieut., =S.=2251. -Van Ness, Capt. W. W., quartermaster, =S.=1924. -Van Steinhausen, Lieut.-Col. A., 68th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1786. -Van Vliet, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S., =S.=2206. -Van Wedell, Maj. C., 68th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1836. -Varney, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. G., =S.=3802. -Viele, Brig.-Gen. E. L., =S.=1675. -Vincent, Col. S., 83d Pa. Infantry, =S.=3188. -Vincent, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. M., =C.=4509. -Virgin, Col. W. W., 23d Me. Infantry, =S.=1850. -Von Amsberg, Col. G., 45th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3243. -Von Forstner, Maj. S., 3d N. J. Cavalry, =S.=1935. -Von Gilsa. Col. L., 41st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2629. -Von Penchelstein, Maj., 4th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1882. -Von Schrader, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., =C.=5165. -Von Shack, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G., =C.=4981. -Von Steinwehr, Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=1415, =S.=2128. -Voris, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. C., =S.=1829. -Wadsworth, Brig.-Gen. J. S., =S.=2064. -Wadsworth, Brig.-Gen. J. S. and staff, =L.=7972. -Waite, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A., =S.=2670. -Walcutt, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. C., =S.=1928. -Walcutt, Bvt, Maj.-Gen. C. C. and staff, =L.=7002. -Walker, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. M. B., =S.=3238. -Wallace, Maj.-Gen. Lew, =S.=2211. -Wallace, Brig.-Gen. W. H. L., =C.=4687. -Ward, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. H., =C.=5183. -Ward, Brig.-Gen. J. H. H., =S.=1593, =S.=1878. -Ward, Lieut.-Col. W. G., 12th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1661. -Ward, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. T., =L.=4056. -Ward, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. T. and staff, =L.=4063. -Warner, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., =C.=4708. -Warner, Brig.-Gen. J. M., =S.=3086. -Warren, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. F. H., =C.=4653, =C.=4688. -Warren, Maj.-Gen. G. K., =S.=1757. -Washburn, Col. C., =S.=1849. -Washburn, Maj.-Gen. C. C., =C.=4726. -Washburn, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F., =C.=5156. -Washburn, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. D., =C.=4725. -Washington, Col. P. G., =S.=1739. -Watkins, Brig.-Gen. L. D., =S.=1722. -Watson, Maj. A. B., 8th Mich. Infantry, =S.=1931. -Way, Lieut.-Col. W. B., 9th Mich. Cavalry, =S.=1339. -Webb, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. S., =S.=1933. -Webb, Maj. M. F., paymaster, =S.=2191. -Weber, Brig.-Gen. M., =C.=4689. -Webster, Col. F., 12th Mass. Infantry, =S.=2185. -Webster, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. D., =S.=2611. -Weiss, Capt. A., 41st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2261. -Weiss, Lieut.-Col. F., 20th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1537. -Weitzel, Maj.-Gen. Godfrey, =S.=2030. -Weitzel, Maj.-Gen. Godfrey and staff, =L.=4066, =L.=4079. -Wellman, Lieut.-Col. A. J., 85th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1804. -Wells, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. D., =S.=1364. -Wells, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W., =S.=2635. -Welsh, Brig.-Gen. T., =S.=3171. -Wessells, Brig.-Gen. H. W., =C.=4494. -West, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=3036. -West, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. M., =S.=2152. -Westbrook, Lieut.-Col. C. D., 120th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1354. -Weston, Chaplain S. H., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1674. -Wheaton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. F., =S.=2619. -Wherry, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. M., =S.=3083. -Whipple, Maj.-Gen. A. W., =S.=2632. -Whipple, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. D., =C.=4574. -White, Lieut., =S.=2248. -White, Lieut.-Col. Nelson, 1st Conn. Artillery, =S.=2214. -White, Lieut.-Col. A. H., 5th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1338. -White, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. B., =S.=3227. -White, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=2221. -White, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. and staff, =L.=7562, =L.=7845. -Whiting, Maj. C. J., 2d U. S. Cavalry, =S.=1416. -Whittaker, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. W., =S.=2040. -Whittlesey, Col. F. W., 1st Mich. Infantry, =S.=1945. -Wickstead, Lieut. J., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1666. -Wilcox, Col. V. M., 132d Pa. Infantry, =S.=1409. -Wild, Brig.-Gen. E. A., =C.=5159. -Wilder, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. T., =C.=5175. -Wiley, Maj. W. M., paymaster, =S.=3837. -Wilkeson, Lieut.-Col. S. H., 11th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1742. -Willard, Col. G. L., 125th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1525. -Willard, Maj. J. C., aide-de-camp, =S.=1452. -Willcox, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. O. B. and staff, =L.=7067, =L.=7526, =L.=7527, - =S.=2440. -Willett, Col. J. H., 12th N. J. Infantry, =S.=1833. -Williams, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. S., =S.=2179. -Williams, Lieut.-Col. D. A., 136th Ohio Infantry, =S.=1795. -Williams, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., =C.=4596. -Williams, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R., =S.=3067. -Williams, Col. S. J., 19th Indiana Infantry, =S.=1478. -Williams, Brig.-Gen. T., =S.=3191. -Williamson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., =C.=4654. -Williamson, Capt. R. S., U. S. Engineers, =S.=2252. -Willich, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =C.=4669. -Wilson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=1966. -Wilson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. G., =S.=1815, =S.=1868. -Wilson, Maj.-Gen. J. H., =S.=2074. -Wilson, Maj.-Gen. J. H. and staff, =C.=4181. -Wilson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. (in group), =L.=7957. -Wilson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =C.=1382. -Winchester, Quartermaster L. W., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1594. -Winslow, Maj., =S.=2257. -Winslow, Chaplain G., 5th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1592. -Winthrop, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. F., =S.=1927. -Wisewall Bvt. Brig.-Gen. M. N., =S.=3747. -Wistar, Brig.-Gen. I. J., =C.=4705. -Wood, Col. A. M., 84th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2133. -Wood, Maj.-Gen. T. J., =S.=1695. -Wood, Maj. W. H., 17th U. S. Infantry, =S.=3830. -Woodbury, Chaplain A., 1st R. I. Infantry, =S.=1639. -Woodbury, Col. D. A., 4th Mich. Infantry, =S.=3786. -Woodford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. L., =C.=5098. -Woodruff, Col. W. L., 2d Ky. Infantry, =S.=2249. -Woods, Bvt. Maj.-Gen C. R., =S.=2636. -Woodward, Lieut.-Col. G. A., 31st Pa. Infantry, =S.=1405. -Wool, Maj.-Gen. J. E., =S.=1318. -Woolsey, Lieut. C. W., =L.=7103. -Worth, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. J., =S.=1316. -Worthington, Surg. W. H., 63d Pa. Infantry, =S.=3841. -Wright, Col. D. R., 15th Conn. Infantry, =S.=3750. -Wright, Col. E. H., aide-de-camp, =S.=3799. -Wright, Maj.-Gen. H. G., =S.=1781. -Wright, Maj.-Gen. H. G. and staff, =C.=4570. -Wyndham, Col. Percy, 1st N. J. Cavalry, =S.=1905, =S.=3762. -Wynkoop, Col. J. E., 20th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1818. -Yeoman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. B., =S.=2669. -York, Lieut, J. S., 5th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1699. -Young, Lieut, J. B., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1615. -Young, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. B. M., =C.=4716. -Zagony, Col. C., aide-de-camp, =S.=3858. -Zook, Maj. P. J., =S.=1622. -Zook, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. K., =S.=1500. -Zulick, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. M., =C.=4496. - - * * * * * - - REGIMENTS AND BATTERIES. - - * * * * * - - =Colorado Cavalry.= - -=1st.= Lieut.-Col. S. F. Tappan, =S.=1858. - - =Connecticut Cavalry.= - -=1st.= Col. E. W. Whittaker, =S.=2040. - - =Connecticut Heavy Artillery.= - -=1st.= _At Fort Richardson, Va._: - --Officers of regiment, =C.=4534. - --Interior of Fort Richardson, =C.=4547. - --Camp at Fort Richardson, =C.=4552. - _At Fort Darling, James River, Va., April, 1865_: - --Officers of regiment, =S.=6, =S.=11. - --Officers' quarters, =S.=1134, =S.=1136, =S.=1139, =S.=1141. - --Band, =S.=1129. - --Lieut.-Col. Nelson White, =S.=2214. - - =Connecticut Infantry.= - -=3d.= Company--, =C.=4129. - -=11th.= Col. G. A. Steadman, =S.=3115. - -=14th.= Lieut.-Col. S. H. Perkins, =S.=1436. - -=15th.= Col. D. R. Wright, =S.=3750. - Maj. C. L. Upham, =S.=1411. - -=20th.= Col. S. Ross, =S.=3082. - -=22d.= Col. G. S. Burnham, =S.=1477, =S.=3736. - - =District of Columbia Cavalry.= - -=1st.= Officers of regiment, =C.=4558. - Col. L. C. Baker, =C.=4965. - - =District of Columbia Infantry.= - -=2d.= Col. C. N. Alexander, =S.=2155, =S.=3755. - Lieut.-Col. W. O. Drew, =S.=1362. - - =Illinois Cavalry.= - -=9th.= Col. A. G. Brackett, =S.=1649. - -=12th.= Col. H. Davis, =S.=1425. - - =Illinois Light Artillery.= - -=2d.= Col. T. S. Mather, =S.=3742. - - =Illinois Infantry.= - -=23d.= Col. J. A. Mulligan, =S.=2087. - -=36th.= Officers of regiment, =C.=4331. - -=58th.= Col. W. P. Lynch, =C.=4676. - -=59th.= Col. P. S. Post, =S.=3230. - -=72d.= Col. F. A. Starring, =S.=1577. - -=105th.= Col. D. Dustin, =S.=3847. - - =Indiana Cavalry.= - -=3d.= Detachment at headquarters Army of Potomac, November, -1864, =L.=7023. Ass't Surg. L. Brusie, =S.=1889. - - =Indiana Infantry.= - -=7th.= Col. I. G. Grover, =S.=1677. - Col. J. P. C. Shanks, =C.=4731. - Lieut.-Col. W. C. Banta, =S.=1794. - -=9th.= Company C., =C.=4096, =C.=4728. - -=18th.= Col. H. D. Washburn, =C.=4725. - -=19th.= Col. S. J. Williams, =S.=1478. - Lieut.-Col. W. W. Dudley, =S.=2625. - Maj. I. M. May, =S.=1819. - -=22d.= Lieut.-Col. A. I. Harrison, =S.=3776. - -=32d.= Maj. W. G. Mank, =S.=3182. - -=33d.= Col. John Colburn, =C.=4738. - -=38th.= Col. B. F. Scribner, =S.=3063. - -=44th.= Company H, =C.=4338. - Company --, =C.=4335, =C.=4342. - Company --, =C.=4337, =C.=4340. - -=51st.= Col. A. D. Streight, =S.=1760. - -=70th.= Col. B. Harrison, =S.=3039. - -=128th.= Col. Jasper Packard, =C.=4735. - - =Iowa Infantry.= - -=8th.= Col. J. L. Geddes, =S.=3064. - -=13th.= Col. J. Wilson, =S.=1966. - -=15th.= Col. J. M. Hedrick, =S.=2049. - -=19th.= Exchanged prisoners, after release from Camp Ford, Texas, -=L.=3010, =L.=3028, =L.=3029, =L.=3030. - -=22d.= Col. W. M. Stone, =C.=4651. - -=23d.= Col. =S.= L. Glasgow, =C.=4648. - -=25th.= Col. G. A. Stone, =S.=2657. - -=29th.= Col. T. H. Benton, =C.=4644. - -=34th.= Col. G. W. Clark, =C.=4645. - - =Kentucky Infantry.= - -=2d.= Col. W. E. Woodruff, =S.=2249. - -=19th.= Col. W. J. Landran, =S.=3081. - - =Maine Cavalry.= - -=1st.= Col. C. H. Smith, =S.=3065. - Lieut.-Col. J. P. Cilley, =C.=5160. - - =Battalion Maine Light Artillery.= - -=1st.= Lieut.-Col. J. A. Hall, =S.=2637. - Lieut.-Col. F. McGilvery, =S.=3021. - - =Maine Infantry.= - -=2d.= Camp Jamison, near Washington, D. C., =C.=4547, =C.=4548, - =C.=4130. - Col. C. W. Roberts, =S.=3758, =S.=3791. - Col. G. Varney, =S.=3802. - -=3d.= Lieut.-Col. E. Burt, =S.=3779. - -=5th.= Col. C. S. Edwards, =S.=1509. - Surg. B. F. Buxton, =S.=1389. - -=7th.= Col. E. C. Mason, =S.=1861. - -=8th.= Col. W. M. McArthur, =S.=2627. - -=10th.= Group of officers, Cedar Mountain, Va., August, 1862, =S.=509. - -=11th.= Col. H. M. Plaisted, =S.=3722. - -=12th.= Col. W. K. Kimball, =S.=2658. - -=17th.= Col. T. A. Roberts, =S.=3761. - Col. G. W. West, =S.=3036. - Lieut.-Col. C. B. Merrill, =S.=1360. - -=19th.= Col. F. E. Heath, =S.=1361. - -=23d.= Col. W. W. Virgin, =S.=1853. - -=27th.= Col. R. P. Tapley, =S.=1422. - -=29th.= Col. G. H. Nye, =S.=2618. - -=30th.= Col. T. H. Hubbard, =C.=5136. - Lieut.-Col. G. W. Randall, =S.=2626. - - =Maryland Cavalry.= - -=3d.= Col. C. C. Tevis, =S.=1420. - - =Maryland Infantry.= - -=4th.= Col. R. N. Bowerman, =S.=2652. - -=6th.= Col. J. W. Horn, =C.=4663. - -=7th.= Col. Charles E. Phelps, =C.=4734. - -=8th.= Col. A. W. Dennison. - - =Massachusetts Cavalry.= - -=1st.= _At headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864_: - --Officers of Companies C and D, =L.=7390, =L.=7490. - --Officers and non-commissioned officers of Companies C and D, - =L.=7354, =L.=7391. - --Company C, =L.=7295. - --Company D, =L.=7392, =L.=7476. - --Capt. E. A. Flint, =L.=7403. - -=3d.= Col. T. E. Chickering, =S.=3092. - -=4th.= Col. F. Washburn, =C.=5156. - - =Massachusetts Artillery.= - -=3d.= Officers in Fort Totten, Va., =S.=1115. - --Officers and men, =S.=1156, =S.=1157, =S.=1190, =S.=1227. - --Col. W. S. Abert, =S.=3178. - _Fort Totten, near Washington, D. C._: - --Officers of Companies A and B, =L.=7261, =L.=7678, =L.=7681. - --Sergeants of Company A, =L.=7253. - --Sergeants of Company B, =L.=7687. - _Fort Stevens. near Washington, D. C._: - --Officers of Companies F and K, =L.=7282, =L.=7696. - --Company F, =L.=7744, =L.=7803, =L.=7917. - --Company K, =L.=7692, =L.=7746, =L.=7897. - _Fort Lincoln, near Washington, D. C._: - --Company H, =L.=7874. - - =Massachusetts Heavy Artillery.= - -=4th.= Col. W. S. King, =S.=3273. - - =Massachusetts Battery.= - -=10th.= Officers, =L.=7085, =L.=7086, =L.=7089, =L.=7583. - - =Massachusetts Militia.= - -=8th.= Maj. Ben: Perley Poore, =S.=1426. - - =Massachusetts Infantry.= - -=2d.= Col. W. Cogswell, =S.=2029. - Maj. W. Dwight, =S.=1811, =S.=1814. - -=9th.= Groups of officers, =C.=4101, =C.=4102. - Father Scully holding mass in camp, =C.=4131. - Col. T. Cass, =S.=3774. - Col. P. R. Guiney, =S.=3096. - Lieut.-Col. R. Peard, =S.=1717. - Chaplain T. Scully, =S.=1990, =S.=2192. - -=10th.= Camp near Washington, D. C., =S.=2421. - Lieut.-Col. J. B. Parsons, =S.=1341. - -=11th.= Col. W. Blaisdell, =S.=3111. - -=12th.= Col. F. Webster, =S.=2185. - Surg. J. H. Baxter, =S.=3833. - -=15th.= Col. G. H. Ward, =C.=5183. - Lieut.-Col. G. C. Joslin, =C.=5190. - Surg. S. F. Haven, =C.=5193. - Lieut. J. W. Grout, =C.=5191. - Lieut. T. J. Spurr, =C.=5192. - -=19th.= Col. A. F. Devereaux, =S.=3066. - -=22d.= Col. H. Wilson, =C.=4593. - Col. W. S. Tilton, =S.=1785. - Surg. M. E. Simmons, =S.=1442. - -=24th.= Col. A. Ordway, =S.=3080. - -=25th.= Col. Josiah Pickett, =C.=5179. - -=28th.= Officers of regiment, =L.=7750. - -=34th.= Col. W. S. Lincoln, =C.=5180. - Col. G. D. Wells, =S.=1364. - Maj. H. W. Pratt, =C.=5185. - -=36th.= Lieut.-Col. A. A. Goodell, =C.=5182. - -=40th.= Camp near Miners' Hill, Va., =C.=4278, =C.=4357. - Col. G. V. Henry, =S.=3220. - Col. B. Porter, =S.=3754. - -=51st.= Col. A. B. R. Sprague, =C.=5181. - -=54th.= Col. E. N. Hallowell, =S.=2665. - -=57th.= Col. N. B. McLaughlin, =S.=2052. - Col. J. M. Tucker, =C.=5184. - - =Michigan Cavalry.= - -=1st.= Col. T. F. Broadhead, =S.=1958. - -=3d.= Col. J. K. Mizner, =S.=2668. - -=5th.= Lieut.-Col. E. Gould, =S.=1439. - -=7th.= Col. W. D. Mann, =S.=1644. - -=9th.= Lieut-Col. W. B. Way, =S.=1339. - -=10th.= Col. L. S. Trowbridge, =S.=1394. - - =Michigan Infantry.= - -=1st.= Col. I. C. Abbott, =S.=1469. - Col. F. W. Whittlesey, =S.=1945. - -=4th.= Col. D. A. Woodbury, =S.=3786. - Capt. S. De Golyer, =S.=1992. - -=5th.= Col. J. Pulford, =S.=3209. - -=8th.= Maj. A. B. Watson, =S.=1931. - -=11th.= Col. W. L. Stoughton, =C.=4727. - -=12th.= Headquarters, =C.=4603, =C.=4611. - -=15th.= Col. F. S. Hutchinson, =S.=3225. - -=21st.= Officers of regiment, =C.=4103. - Company B, =C.=4101. - Company D, =C.=4099. - Company E, =C.=4100. - Company --, =C.=4092. - Company --, =C.=4750. - -=24th.= Col. H. A. Morrow, =S.=1505, =S.=1853. - - =Minnesota Cavalry.= - -=2d.= Col. R. N. McLaren, =S.=3070. - - =Minnesota Infantry.= - -=1st.= Col. George N. Morgan, =S.=3834. - Lieut.-Col. C. P. Adams, =S.=1749. - -=5th.= Col. L. F. Hubbard, =S.=3110. - -=7th.= Col. W. R. Marshall, =S.=3069. - -=8th.= Col. M. T. Thomas, =S.=3232. - - =Missouri Light Artillery.= - -=2d.= Lieut.-Col. G. W. Schofield, =S.=2655. - - =Missouri Infantry.= - -=15th.= Col. J. Conrad, =S.=2661. - - =New Hampshire Infantry.= - -=2d.= Col. J. N. Patterson, =S.=2666. - Maj. F. S. Fisk, =S.=3849. - -=5th.= Col. E. E. Cross, =S.=1983. - Maj. W. W. Cook, =S.=1929. - Adjt. C. O. Dodd, =S.=1838. - -=9th.= Col. H. B. Titus, =S.=1345. - -=13th.= Col. A. F. Stevens, =C.=4729. - - =New Jersey Cavalry.= - -=1st.= Col. M. H. Beaumont, =S.=1943. - Col. H. Janeway, =S.=1658. - Col. P. Wyndham, =S.=1905, =S.=3762. - -=2d.= Col. J. Karge, =S.=1616. - -=3d.= Col. A. J. Morrison, =S.=1896. - Col. A. C. M. Pennington, =S.=3089. - Maj. S. Von Forstner, =S.=1935. - - =New Jersey Infantry.= - -=1st.= Col. M. W Collet, =S.=1353. - -=2d.= Lieut.-Col. I. M. Tucker, =S.=2131. - Lieut.-Col. S. L. Buck, =S.=1706. - -=4th.= Col. W. B. Hatch, =S.=3746. - Col. J. H. Simpson, =S.=1993. - Lieut.-Col. C. Ewing, =S.=1648. - -=5th.= Col. S. H. Starr, =S.=2140. - -=6th.= Col. G. C. Burling, =S.=3102. - -=7th.= Col. F. Price, =S.=1752. - Maj. J. D. McIntosh, =S.=1950, =S.=3777. - -=8th.= Col. John Ramsay, =C.=4598. - -=9th.= Col. A. Zabriskie, =C.=5135. - -=10th.= Lieut.-Col. H. O. Ryerson, =S.=2238. - -=11th.= Lieut.-Col. S. Moore, =S.=1358. - -=12th.= Col. J. H. Willett, =S.=1833. - -=13th.= Col. E. A. Carmen, =S.=1386. - -=14th.= Col. W. S. Truex, =S.=3222. - -=24th.= Lieut.-Col. F. L. Knight, =S.=1456. - -=25th.= Col. A. Derrom, =S.=3741. - -=28th.= Col. M. N. Wisewell, =S.=3747. - -=31st.= Col. A. P. Berthond, =S.=3738. - Lieut.-Col. W. Holt, =S.=1337. - - =New Mexico Cavalry.= - -=1st.= Col. Kit Carson, =S.=2620. - - =New York Mounted Rifles.= - -=1st.= Lieut.-Col. A. G. Patton, =S.=1750. - - =New York Cavalry.= - -=1st.= Col. A. T. McReynolds, =S.=1678, =S.=3806. - Capt. D. Harkins, =S.=3870. - Capt. R. G. Prendergrast, =S.=1492. - Lieut. H. B. Hidden, =S.=2135. - -=2d.= Col. A. M. Randol, =S.=1660. - Maj. A. N. Duffie, =S.=2154. - -=3d.= Col. S. H. Mix, =S.=2120. - -=4th.= Lieut.-Col. F. Nazer, =S.=1805. - Maj. A. Von Peuchelstein, =S.=1882. - -=5th.= Col. John Hammond, =C.=4980. - Col. Amos H. White, =S.=1338. - -=7th.= On parade, and camp near Washington, =C.=4543. - -=9th.= Col. G. S. Nichols, =S.=1942. - Lieut.-Col. H. B. Hyde, =S.=1471. - Lieut.-Col. W. Sackett, =S.=1363. - -=11th.= Col. J. B. Swain, =S.=1401, =S.=3752. - Lieut.-Col. S. H. Wilkeson, =S.=1742. - -=13th.= _Prospect Hill, Va., near Washington, D. C._: - --Regiment on inspection, =L.=7735. - --Field and staff officers, =L.=7723, =L.=7726, =L.=7738. - --Officers of regiment, =L.=7185, =L.=7734. - --Non-commissioned staff officers, =L.=7740. - --General view of camp, =L.=7218, =L.=7733, =L.=7737, =L.=7739. - --Headquarters in camp, =L.=7722. - --Signal station in camp, =L.=7736. - -=16th.= Col. N. B. Sweitzer, =C.=4964. - -=26th.= Lieut.-Col. F. Jacobs, =S.=3015. - - =New York Artillery Battalion.= - -=1st.= Battery --, near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862, =S.=443, =S.=640. - - =New York Light Artillery.= - -=1st.= Field and staff officers, =S.=2417. - - =New York Heavy Artillery.= - -=2d.= _Fort C. F. Smith, near Washington, D. C._: - --Officers of regiment, =L.=7906. - --Officers of Company F, =L.=7479. - --Officers of Companies K and L, =L.=7842. - --Company F, =L.=7283. - --Company K, =L.=7675. - --Company L, =L.=7672, =L.=7673. - -=4th.= Officers, =L.=7178. - Officers in Fort Corcoran, Va., =C.=4103. - Col. T. D. Doubleday, =S.=1874. - Col. H. H. Hall, =S.=1921. - Col. J.C. Tidball, =C.=4585. - Surg. G. Bayles, =S.=1379. - -=6th.= Camp at Brandy Station, Va., April, 1864, =L.=7265. - -=7th.= Col. L. O. Morris, =S.=2602. - -=9th.= Company M, previously 22d New York Battery, =L.=7818. - -=13th.= Camp in front of Petersburg, Va., =S.=2495, =S.=2496. - -=14th.= Col. E. G. Marshall, =S.=2174. - -=15th.= Officers of Third Battalion, =L.=7743. - Lieut.-Col. A. Senges, =S.=2168. - - =New York Battery.= - -=1st.= Cowan's Battery, in front of Petersburg, June, 1864, =S.=787, - =S.=2343. - -=3d.= Capt. T. P. Mott, =S.=1726, =S.=2100. - -=17th.= Officers, =L.=7559. - On parade, =L.=7008, =L.=7010, =L.=7620. - - =New York Engineers.= - -=1st.= Officers of Company E, =S.=1034. - Col. E. A. Serrell, =S.=1772. - -=15th.= Col. J. McL. Murphy, =S.=1614. - Lieut.-Col. C. G. Colgate, =S.=1923. - Officers of regiment, =C.=4477. - -=50th.= Col. W. H. Peters, =S.=2145. - Col. C. B. Stuart, =S.=1846, =S.=2143. - Maj. G. W. Ford, =L.=7166. - Surg. C. N. Hewitt, =L.=7401. - Surg. H. A. Potter, =S.=3852. - _At Rappahannock Station, March, 1864_: - --Field and staff officers, =L.=7600, =L.=7615. - --General view of camp, =L.=7275, =L.=7276, =L.=7461, =S.=138. - --Stockade entrance to camp, =L.=7351. - --Sutler's hut, =L.=7290. - --Quarters of field and staff officers, =L.=7293, =L.=7604, - =L.=7608. - --Quarters of line officers, =L.=7614. - _In front of Petersburg, Va._: - --Officers of regiment, =L.=7324. - --Officers' dinner on Fourth of July, 1864, =S.=790, =S.=791. - --Headquarters, =L.=7167, =S.=1028, =S.=1048. - --Colonel's quarters, =L.=7059, =S.=1047. - --Surgeon's quarters, =L.=7233. - --Officers' quarters, =L.=7210, =L.=7213, =S.=344, =L.=1028, - =S.=3338. - --Church, =L.=7151, =L.=7932, =S.=345, =S.=3339, =S.=3340. - --Commissary department, =L.=7060. - - =New York Infantry.= - -=1st.= Col. W. H. Allen, =S.=1735. - Ass't Surg. A. C. Benedict, =S.=1458. - -=3d.= Col. J. E. Mulford, =S.=2110. - -=5th.= Col. F. Winthrop, =S.=1927. - Maj. C. Boyd, =S.=1450. - Surg. S. Van Etten, =S.=3831. - Chaplain G. Winslow, =S.=1592. - Lieut. J.S. York, =S.=1699. - -=6th.= Col. W. Wilson, =S.=1382. - Maj. W. Newby, =S.=1531. - Ass't Surg. P. C. Pease, =S.=2205. - Lieut. A. D'Orville, =S.=2112. - -=7th.= Col. George Von Shack, =C.=4981. - -=8th.= Capt. M. Kron, =S.=3861. - -=9th.= Col. R. C. Hawkins, =S.=1511. - Lieut.-Col. G. F. Betts, =S.=1635. - Maj. E. A. Kimball, =S.=3862. - Lieut. R. McKechnie, =S.=1495. - -=10th.= Col. J. E. Bendix, =S.=3201. - Col. W. W. McChesney, =S.=1737. - Lieut.-Col. A. B. Elder, =S.=3868. - -=11th.= Col. E. E. Ellsworth, =S.=3175. - Lieut.-Col. N. L. Farnham, =S.=1628. - Lieut.-Col. S. H. Stafford, =S.=2144. - Maj. J. A. Creiger, =S.=1627. - Francis E. Brownell, =S.=1494. - -=13th.= Maj. C. L. Terry, =S.=1981. - -=14th.= Col. J. McQuade, =S.=3824. - -=16th.= Surg. W. B. Crandall, =S.=2156. - -=17th.= Col. H. S. Lansing, =S.=1595. - Maj. C. A. Johnson, =S.=2254. - Camp and regiment, =C.=4541. - -=20th.= Col. F. Salm Salm, =S.=3785. - Lieut.-Col. F. Weiss, =S.=1537. - -=23d.= Col. H. C. Hoffman, =C.=5163. - Surg. W. A. Madill, =S.=1419. - -=24th.= Col. T. Sullivan, =S.=1810, =S.=3744. - -=25th.= Col. C. A. Johnson, =S.=1857, =S.=2254. - Maj. H. F. Savage, =S.=2007. - -=26th.= Col. W. H. Christian, =S.=2138. - Lieut.-Col. R. H. Richardson, =S.=3724. - On parade, =C.=4529, =C.=4545. - -=27th.= Lieut.-Col. A. D. Adams, =S.=1964. - Maj. C. C. Gardiner, =S.=1703. - -=29th.= Col. A. Von Steinwehr, =S.=2128. - -=31st.= Maj. A. Razenski, =S.=2123. - -=32d.= Col. R. Matheson, =S.=3022. - -=33d.= Field and staff officers, =C.=4542. - -=35th.= Col. W. B. Lord, =S.=3782. - Maj. J. G. Todd, =S.=1941. - Company --, =S.=2422. - -=37th.= Col. S. B. Hayman, =S.=3058. - Capt. W. De Lacy, =S.=2253. - -=39th.= Col. F. G. D'Utassy, =S.=1496, =S.=2184. - Lieut.-Col. A. Ripetti, =S.=1544. - Lieut. L. Tenner, =S.=1528. - -=40th.= Col. E. Riley, =S.=1898. - Surg. J. E. Dexter, =S.=1888. - -=41st.= Col. L. Von Gilsa, =S.=2649. - Capt. A. Weiss, =S.=2261. - Company C, Manassas, Va., July, 1862, =L.=7517. - -=42d.= Col. E. C. Charles, =S.=2005. - Col. J. E. Mallon, =S.=1522. - Maj. P. J. Downing, =S.=2106. - -=44th.= Officers of regiment, =C.=4227. - Camp of regiment, near Alexandria, =C.=4069, =C.=4172, - =C.=4173, =C.=4192, =C.=4230, =C.=4231, =C.=4086, =C.=4186. - Flag of regiment, =S.=1504. - -=45th.= Col. G. Von Amsberg, =S.=3243. - -=46th.= Col. J. Gerhardt, =S.=3097. - Capt. H. Brandenstein, =S.=1824. - -=48th.= Col. W. B. Barton, =S.=1604. - Col. J. H. Perry, =S.=1778. - -=51st.= Col. C. W. Le Gendre, =S.=1527. - -=52d.= Col. P. Frank, =S.=3001. - -=55th.= Lieut.-Col. L. Thourot, =S.=2147. - Maj. F. Jehl, =S.=1949. - Officers of regiment, =C.=4550. - Camp at Fort Gaines, =C.=4071, =C.=4544. - -=57th.= Lieut.-Col. J. W. Britt, =S.=1548. - Lieut.-Col. A. B. Chapman, =S.=1398. - -=58th.= Capt. A. Maluski, =S.=3778. - -=59th.= Col. W. A. Olmstead, =S.=3088. - -=60th.= Officers of regiment at Fauquier Springs, Va., August, - 1862, =S.=538, =S.=539. - -=61st.= _At Falmouth, Va., April, 1863_: - --Officers of regiment, 7530, =L.=7531. - --Drum Corps, =L.=7520. - --Company D, =L.=7313. - --Company G, =L.=7554. - --Company K, =L.=7556. - -=62d.= Col. J. L. Riker, =S.=2129. - Lieut.-Col. O. V. Dayton, =S.=1777, =S.=2065. - Surg. G. B. F. Simpson, =S.=3805. - -=63d.= Col. Henry Fowler, =S.=1906. - Officers of regiment, =L.=7542. - -=65th.= Col. J. E. Hamblin, =S.=1476, =S.=2150. - Maj. H. G. Healey, =S.=1421. - -=66th.= Lieut.-Col. J. S. Hammell, =S.=2671. - -=67th.= Col. J. W. Adams, =S.=2092. - Camp near Washington, D. C., in 1861, =C.=4546, =C.=4114, - =C.=4115, =C.=4116. - -=68th.= Col. R. J. Betge, =S.=2132. - Col. G. Bourri, =S.=1519. - Lieut-Col. A. Van Steinhauser, =S.=1786. - Maj. C. Van Wedell, =S.=1836. - -=69th.= Col. R. Nugent, =S.=3856. - Lieut.-Col. James Bagley, =S.=1856. - Officers of regiment, =L.=7642. - -=70th.= Col. J. E. Farnum, 1385. - -=71st.= Regiment on parade at camp near Miner's Hill, Va, =S.=2415. - Group of Company G, =S.=2413. - -=72d.= Col. W. O. Stevens, =S.=1506, =S.=1845. - Lieut.-Col. Israel Moses, =S.=1798. - Surg. C. K. Irwine, =S.=279, =S.=3821. - -=73d.= Col. W. R. Brewster, =S.=1842. - -=75th.= Col. J. A. Dodge, =S.=3869. - -=76th.= Adjt. H. F. Robinson, =S.=1832. - -=77th.= Col. J. B. McKean, =S.=2178. - -=79th.= Col. J. Cameron, =S.=1637. - Col. D. Morrison, =S.=3105. - Maj. F. A. Hagadorn, =S.=1700. - -=80th.= Col. J. B. Hardenburgh, =S.=1715. - Col. G. Pratt, =S.=1843. - Lieut.-Col. T. B. Gates, =S.=1827. - Capt. T. Alexander, =L.=7605. - Officers of regiment, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, =L.=7071, - =L.=7373, =S.=278. - -=82d.= Col. G. W. B. Tompkins, =S.=1402. - Maj. J. J. Dimock, =S.=1393. - -=83d.= Col. J. W. Stiles, =S.=1499. - Adjt. J. B. Coppinger, =S.=1514. - -=84th.= Col. E. B. Fowler, =S.=3801. - Col. A. M. Wood, =S.=2133. - -=85th.= Lieut.-Col. A. J. Wellman, =S.=1804. - -=86th.= Col. B. P. Bailey, =S.=1866. - -=87th.= Capt. S. F. Knight, =S.=1696. - -=93d.= Col. J. S. Crocker, =C.=4673. - Col. J. M. McCarter, =S.=2137. - Maj. A. L. Cassidy, =S.=2187, =S.=3068. - At Antietam, Md., September, 1862, =L.=7938, =L.=7941. - _At Bealeton, Va., August, 1863_: - --Officers of regiment, =L.=7505. - --Field and staff officers, =S.=630. - --Commissioned and non-commissioned staff, =L.=7011, =S.=284. - --Company A, L.7510, =L.=7512. - --Company B, L.7453, =L.=7506. - --Company C. L.7451, =L.=7592. - --Officers and non-commissioned officers of Company D, =L.=7458, - =L.=7539. - --Company D, =L.=7452, =L.=7591. - --Officers' "mess," Company D, =S.=218. - --Non-commissioned officers' "mess," Company D, =S.=217. - --Company E, =L.=7455, =L.=7460. - --Officers' "mess," Company E, =S.=225. - --Company F, =L.=7454, =L.=7594. - --Officers' "mess," Company F, =S.=220. - --Company G, =L.=7456, =L.=7459. - --Officers and non-commissioned officers of Company I, =L.=7511. - --Company I, =L.=7457, =L.=7593. - --Company K, =L.=7009, =L.=7036, =L.=7508. - --Drum Corps, =L.=7514, =L.=7565. - --Views of camp, =S.=219, =S.=824, =S.=826, =S.=827, =S.=828. - -=94th.= Col. A. R. Root, =S.=3214. - -=95th.= Col. G. H. Biddle, =S.=1800. - -=96th.= Col. J. Fairman, =S.=2232. - -=97th.= Col, J. P. Spofford, =S.=1348. - -=99th.= Col. J. O'Mahoney, =S.=2104. - -=100th.= Col. J. M. Brown, =S.=2603. - -=102d.= Chaplain J. F. Sutton, =S.=2189. - -=103d.= Col. B. Ringold, =S.=3016. - -=105th.= Col. B. F. Tracy, =S.=1507. - -=106th.= Lieut.-Col. C. Townsend, =S.=1659. - -=107th.= Col. A. S. Diven, =S.=1852. - -=110th.= Col. D. C. Littlejohn, =C.=4662. - -=111th.= Col. C. D. McDougall, =S.=1340, =S.=1449, =S.=2060. - -=116th.= Col. G. M. Love, =S.=2043. - -=118th.= Col. G. F. Nichols, =S.=1397. - -=119th.= Col. E. Peisener, =S.=3179. - -=120th.= Col. G. H. Sharpe, =C.=4588. - Lieut.-Col. C. D. Westbrook, =S.=1354. - -=121st.= Maj. E. Olcott, =S.=1410. - -=124th.= Col. A. V. H. Ellis, =S.=2093. - Lieut.-Col. F. M. Cummins, =S.=1366, =S.=1621. - -=125th.= Col. G. L. Willard, =S.=1525. - -=133d.= Lieut.-Col. A. J. Allaire, =S.=1917. - -=134th.= Col. C. Coster, =S.=3193. - -=141st.= Col. S. G. Hathaway, =S.=1448. - Surg. J. W. Robinson, =S.=1434. - -=143d.= Col. H. Boughton, =S.=2035. - -=144th.= Col. R. S. Hughston, =S.=3759. - -=145th.= Col. E. L. Price, =S.=1388. - -=146th.= Col. D. Jenkins, =S.=1763. - -=153d.= Col. E. P. Davis, =S.=3206. - Lieut. J. B. Neill, =C.=4310. - Officers of regiment, =C.=4291. - Officers of Company --, =C.=4320. - Company --, =C.=4281. - -=154th.= Lieut.-Col. D. B. Allen, =S.=1444. - Lieut.-Col. H. C. Loomis, =S.=3734. - -=156th.= Col. J. Sharp, =S.=3730. - -=158th.= Col. J. Jourdan, =S.=1962. - -=159th.= Col. E. L. Molineux, =C.=4586. - -=162d.= Col. L. Benedict, 1799. - -=164th.= Col. J. P. McMahon, =C.=4319. - Lieut.-Col. W. De Lacey, =S.=3226. - Officers of regiment, =C.=4312. - Company --, =C.=4297. - Guard mounting, =C.=4396. - Surgeon's quarters, =C.=4426. - -=169th.= Col. A. Alden, =S.=3062. - Col. Clarence Buell, =S.=3740. - Col. J. McConihe, =S.=1359. - -=170th.= Officers of regiment, =C.=4280, =C.=4282, =C.=3626. - Company --, =C.=4315. - Company --, =C.=4348. - -=175th.= Lieut.-Col. J. A. Foster, =S.=1558, =S.=1605, =S.=1796. - -=179th.= Surg. J. W. Robinson, =S.=1434. - -=182d.= Col. M. Murphy, =S.=1679. - - =New York Militia.= - -=7th.= Col. M. Lefferts, =S.=1669. - Adjt. J. H. Liebenau, =S.=1664. - Surg. T. M. Cheeseman, =S.=1491. - Ass't Surg. Tuthill, =S.=1584. - Commissary W. Patten, =S.=1668. - Paymaster M. Howland, =S.=1589. - Quartermaster W. Winchester, =S.=1594. - Chaplain S. H. Weston, =S.=1674. - Capt. W. P. Bensel, =S.=1671. - Capt. E. Clark, =S.=1684. - Capt. J. Price, =S.=1533. - Capt. H. C. Shumway, =S.=1590. - Capt. W. A. Spaight, =S.=1572. - Lieut. C. B. Babcock, =S.=1586. - Lieut. J. A. Baker, =S.=1665. - Lieut. J. W. Bogert, =S.=1588. - Lieut. C. B. Bostwick, =S.=1662. - Lieut. T. B. Bunting, =S.=1663. - Lieut. C. Corley, =S.=1570. - Lieut W. Gurney, =S.=1585. - Lieut. G. T. Haws, =S.=1493. - Lieut. J. Wickstead, =S.=1666. - Lieut. J. B. Young, =S.=1615. - Sergt.-Maj. R. C. Rathbon, =S.=1472. - Sergt. J. J. Morrison, =S.=1486. - Sergt. S. O. Ryder, =S.=1488. - -=8th.= Col. G. Lyon, =S.=2107. - Group of officers, Camp McDowell, Va., =C.=4104. - Officers and non-commissioned officers of Company --, =C.=4112. - Engineer company, =C.=4137. - Company A, =C.=4541. - Drum Corps, =C.=4540. - -=12th.= Lieut.-Col. W. G. Ward, =S.=1661. - Maj. Bostwick, =S.=1767. - Engineer company, =C.=4138. - -=22d.= Lieut.-Col. L. Aspinwall, =S.=3733. - Officers of regiment, =C.=4010. - Adjutant and First Sergeants, =C.=4135. - Company --, =C.=4194. - Company --, =C.=4134. - Groups, =C.=4155, =C.=4163, =C.=4186. - -=23d.= Col. Wm. Everdell, =S.=1404. - -=69th.= Lieut. E. K. Butler, =S.=2255. - Sunday services in camp, =S.=3713. - -=71st.= Group of officers, Washington Navy-yard, =C.=4105. - Col. Bostwick, =S.=1578. - - =Ohio Cavalry.= - -=9th.= Lieut.-Col. W. Stough, =C.=4594. - - =Battery I, Ohio Light Artillery.= - -Capt. H. Dilger, =S.=3177. - - =Ohio Infantry.= - -=6th.= Col. N. L. Anderson, =C.=3004. - -=12th.= Col. C. B. White, =C.=3227. - -=19th.= Col. C. F. Manderson, =S.=3112. - -=25th.= Col. W. P. Richardson, =S.=1510. - -=28th.= Col. A. Moor, =S.=2651. - -=31st.= Col. M. B. Walker, =S.=3238. - -=41st.= Col. W. B. Hazen, =S.=2126. - -=44th.= Col. S. A. Gilbert, =C.=5048. - -=46th.= Maj. H. H. Gilsy, =S.=3190. - -=61st.= Col. S. J. McGroarty, =S.=2079. - -=66th.= Col. C. Candy, =S.=2181. - -=73d.= Lieut.-Col. S. H. Hurst, =S.=1438. - -=114th.= Col. J. Cradlebough, =S.=1775. - -=125th.= Group of officers, =C.=4325 - Company B, =C.=4324. - Company C, =C.=4329. - Company H, =C.=4330. - Band, =C.=4328. - -=126th.= Col. B. F. Smith, =S.=1711. - -=136th.= Lieut.-Col. D. A. Williams, =S.=1795. - -=176th.= Col. E. C. Mason, =S.=1861. - -=181st.= Col. J. O'Dowd, =S.=3208. - - =Pennsylvania Cavalry.= - -=1st.= Col. O. Jones, =S.=1938. - Lieut.-Col. J. Higgins, =S.=1868. - -=3d.= Group of officers at Westover Landing, Va., =C.=4532. - Group of officers, =C.=4106. - Camp at headquarters Army of Potomac, February, 1865, =L.=7298. - Company D, Brandy Station, March, 1864, =L.=7389. - Lieut. J. W. Ford and Lieut. A. M. Wright, August, 1862, =S.=622. - Field and staff officers, =L.=7576, =S.=635. - Lieut.-Col. S. W. Owen, caught napping, =S.=625. - -=4th.= Col. D. Campbell, =S.=1724. - Col. G. H. Covode, =S.=1848. - Col. S. B. M. Young, =C.=4716. - Lieut.-Col. J. H. Childs, =S.=1869. - Field and staff officers at Westover Landing, August, 1862, - =L.=7474, =S.=629. - -=5th.= Camp in front of Richmond, Va., =S.=2499. - Col. R. M. West, =S.=2152. - -=6th.= Company I, Falmouth, Va., June, 1863, =L.=7140. - -=8th.= Maj. A. G. Enos, =S.=2158. - -=9th.= Col. T. J. Jordan, =C.=4712. - -=11th.= Col. F. A. Stratton, =C.=4719. - Col. S. P. Spear, =S.=3072. - Maj. N. M. Runyon, =S.=1984. - -=13th.= Maj. G. F. McCabe, =S.=1617. - -=14th.= Maj. T. Gibson, =S.=1543. - -=16th.= Lieut.-Col. L. D. Rogers, =S.=1441. - -=18th.= Regimental camp, February, 1864, =L.=7650. - -=20th.= Col. J. E. Wynkoop, =S.=1818. - -=21st.= Col. 0. B. Knowles, =C.=4707. - - =Pennsylvania Light Artillery.= - -=1st.= Battery B, =C.=4114, =C.=4139. - - =Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery.= - -=2d.= Company I in Fort Slemmer, =C.=4532. - -=3d.= Col. Joseph Roberts, =C.=4721. - Field and staff officers, =L.=7486. - On parade, =L.=7058, =L.=7423. - - =Pennsylvania Battery E (Knapp's).= - -At Antietam, Md., September, 1862, =S.=577. -Capt. J. M. Knapp, =S.=1790. - - =Pennsylvania Infantry.= - -=11th.= Col. Richard Coulter, =C.=4724. - -=29th.= Lieut.-Col. C. Parham, =S.=1342. - -=30th.= Col. W. C. Talley, =S.=1539. - View of camp, =C.=4150. - Company A, =C.=4485. - Company B, =C.=4459. - Company --, =C.=4466. - Company --, =C.=4484. - Company --, =C.=4493. - Drum Corps, =C.=4491. - -=31st.= Camp on Queen's farm, near Fort Slocum, Va., =S.=2409, =S.=2410, - =S.=2411, =S.=2412. - Camp scenes, =S.=2404, =S.=2405, =S.=2406. - Group of officers, =S.=2407. - Captain and First Sergeant of Company --, =S.=2408. - Lieut.-Col. G. A. Woodward, =S.=1405. - -=32d.= Adjt. A. H. Jameson, =S.=1837. - -=33d.= Company B, =S.=2418. - -=34th.= Maj. G. Dare, =S.=2159. - -=35th.= Col. W. H. Ent, =S.=3266. - Col. W. Sinclair, =S.=1540. - -=36th.= Company H, =C.=4534. - Camp, =C.=4549. - -=37th.= Col. S. M. Bailey, =S.=1854. - Flag of regiment, =C.=4436. - -=39th.= Col. J. S. McCalmont, =S.=1899. - -=40th.= Col. S. M. Jackson, =S.=3728. - -=45th.= Col. J. J. Curtin, =S.=2038. - -=46th.= Col. J. L. Selfridge, =S.=1461. - -=48th.= Col. G. W. Gowan, =S.=2624. - Col. J. K. Sigfried, =S.=2621. - Lieut.-Col. H. Pleasants, =S.=2622. - -=50th.= Lieut.-Col. S. K. Schwenk, =L.=7668. - Maj. G. W. Brumm, =L.=7271. - Lieut. L. Carter, =L.=7410. - Lieut. J. I. Eckel, =L.=7359. - Regiment on parade, at Beaufort, S. C., 1862, =S.=156. - Regiment on parade, at Gettysburg, Pa., July, 1865, - =L.=7025, =L.=7027. - Officers of regiment, at Gettysburg, Pa., July, 1865, - =L.=7225, =L.=7230. - -=51st.= Lieut.-Col. T. S. Bell, =S.=3737. - -=52d.= Col. Henry M. Hoyt, =C.=4722. - -=53d.= Col. W. M. Mintzer, =S.=3229. - -=56th.= Col. J. W. Hoffman, =C.=5154. - -=58th.= Lieut.-Col. C. Clay, =S.=3000. - -=61st.= Col. G. F. Smith, =S.=1369. - -=62d.= Lieut,-Col. J. B. Sweitzer, =S.=1721. - -=63d.= Surg. W. H. Worthington, =S.=3841. - -=69th.= Field and staff officers, =L.=7267. - Maj. James O'Reilly, =S.=2197. - -=71st.= Col. E. D. Baker, =S.=1459. - -=72d.= Col. D. C. Baxter, =S.=3014. - -=73d.= Col. J. A. Koltes, =S.=1734. - -=75th.= Col. F. Mahler, =S.=1789, =S.=3743. - Col. John S. Littell, =C.=4718. - -=79th.= Col. H. A. Hambright, =S.=3204. - -=82d.= Lieut.-Col. Frank Vallee, =S.=2146. - -=83d.= Col. S. Vincent, =S.=3188. - -=84th.= Col. S. M. Bowman, =S.=1513. - -=85th.= Surg. J. B. Laidley, =S.=3844. - -=90th.= Col. P. Lyle, =S.=3018. - -=93d.= Lieut.-Col. J. W. Johnston, =S.=2183. - -=96th.= Col. H. Cake, =S.=1817. - Group of officers, =C.=4633. - -=97th.= Col. Henry R. Guss, =C.=4703. - -=98th.= Col. J. F. Ballier, =S.=2027. - -=100th.= Col. David Leasure, =C.=4714. - -=101st.= Surg. D. G. Rush, =S.=2244. - -=103d.= Col. T. F. Lehmann, =S.=3814. - Lieut.-Col. W. C. Maxwell, =S.=1365. - -=104th.= Col. W. W. H. Davis, =C.=4723. - -=105th.= Maj. M. M. Dick, =S.=1725. - -=106th.= Col. T. G. Morehead, =S.=586. - -=110th.= Company C, after the battle of Fredericksburg, =C.=4195. - -=114th.= _At Brandy Station, March, 1864_: - --View of camp, =L.=7308, =L.=7612. - --Guard mounting, =L.=7613, =L.=7944, =S.=134. - --Officers of regiment, =L.=7137, =L.=7138, =L.=7316, =S.=7602. - --Officers of Company --, =L.=7144, =L.=7146, =L.=7173. - --Band, =L.=7346, =L.=7611. - --Company F, =L.=7003, =L.=7038, =L.=7143, =L.=7175, =L.=7447. - --Company G, =L.=7198, =L.=7348. - --Company H, =L.=7077, =L.=7262, =L.=7263. - _At Headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864_: - --Officers, =L.=7137, =L.=7138, =L.=7316 =L.=7602. - --Officers of Company --, =L.=7144, =L.=7145. - --Capt. J. =S.= Crawford, =L.=7037, =L.=7073. - -=119th.= Lieut.-Col. Gideon Clark, =C.=4720. - Officers of regiment, =C.=4290. - Officers and non-commissioned officers, =C.=4428. - Company --, =C.=4334. - Company --, =C.=4375. - -=123d.= Surg. H. F. Martin, =S.=1392. - -=132d.= Col. V. M. Wilcox, =S.=1409. - Major J. E. Shreve, =S.=1440. - -=139th.= Officers of regiment, =C.=4288, =C.=4346. - Field and staff officers, =C.=4328. - Regiment on parade, =C.=4306. - Company --, =C.=4302. - Company --, =C.=4339. - Company --, =C.=4341. - Company --, =C.=4367. - Company --, =C.=4368. - Company --, =C.=4371. - Company --, =C.=4173. - -=143d.= Col. E. L. Dana, =S.=3748. - -=145th.= Col. H. L. Brown, =S.=3107. - -=148th.= Col. J. A. Beaver, =C.=4715. - -=149th.= Col. Roy Stone, =S.=3103. - Company D, in front of Petersburg, November, 1864, =L.=7047, - =L.=7388. - -=150th.= Camp, March, 1863, =S.=297. - -=155th.= Col. A. L. Pearson, =S.=3210. - -=195th.= Col. J. W. Fisher, =S.=3040. - -=198th.= Col. H. G. Sickel, =C.=4706. - -=207th.= Col. Robert C. Cox, =C.=4713. - -=208th.= Col. A. B. McCalmont, =S.=1356. - - =Rhode Island Cavalry.= - -=1st.= Col. R. B. Lawton, =S.=3727. - - =Rhode Island Light Artillery.= - -=1st.= Officers of regiment, July, 1862, =S.=649. - Chaplain T. Quinn, =S.=1780. - - =Rhode Island Heavy Artillery.= - -=3d.= Col. W. Ames, =C.=4666. - - =Rhode Island Infantry.= - -=1st.= Col. A. E. Burnside and officers, =C.=4100. - Chaplain A. Woodbury, =S.=1639. - Group of Company D, =C.=4128. - -=2d.= Col. Horatio Rogers, =C.=4682. - Officers of regiment, =C.=4537. - Capt. C. G. Dyer, =S.=1686. - Camp near Washington, D. C., in 1861, =C.=4113. - -=3d.= Col. N. W. Brown, =C.=4669. - -=9th.= Lieut.-Col. J. H. Powell, =S.=1343. - -=11th.= Headquarters of Company F, Miner's Hill, Va., =C.=4349. - - =Tennessee Cavalry.= - -=1st.= Col. J. P. Brownlow, =S.=3077. - - =United States Engineer Battalion.= - -_At Brandy Station, Va., March, 1864_: ---View of camp, =L.=7310, =L.=7433, =L.=7560. ---Officers' quarters, =L.=7109. ---Quarters of Company D, =L.=7005. -_In front of Petersburg, Va., August, 1864_: ---Headquarters, =L.=7065. ---Company A, =L.=7062, =L.=7384, =L.=7386. ---Company B, =L.=7060, =L.=7210, =L.=7513, =L.=7547, =L.=7566, =L.=7570. ---Company C, =L.=7568, =L.=7647. ---Company D, =L.=7054, =L.=7387, =L.=7548. ---Essayon's Dramatic Club, =L.=7836, =L.=7439. ---Detachment in city of Petersburg, April, 1865, =L.=7188, =L.=7434. - - =United States Cavalry.= - -=1st.= Company K, Brandy Station, February, 1864, =L.=7120, =L.=7270. - -=2d.= Maj. C. J. Whiting, =S.=1416. - Capt. G. A. Gordon, =S.=1482. - -=6th.= Capt. H. B. Hays, =S.=2067. - - =United States Artillery.= - -=2d.= Capt. J. M. Robertson, =C.=5142. - Officers of Battery A (Tidball's), near Fair Oaks, Va., - June, 1862, =S.=435. - Officers of Battery B (Robertson's), near Fair Oaks, Va., - June, 1862, =S.=440. - Battery B (Robertson's), near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862, - =S.=439. - Battery B (Robertson's), at Gettysburg, Pa., =L.=7192. - Battery D, =C.=4212. - Flag of Battery D, =C.=4510. - Battery M (Benson's), near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862, - =S.=433, =S.=641. - Battery M (Benson's), Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, =L.=7245. - -=3d.= Officers of Battery C (Gibson's), near Fair Oaks, Va., - June, 1862, =S.=432. - Battery C (Gibson's), near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862, =S.=431. - -=4th.= Battery A, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, =L.=7334. - -=5th.= Lieut.-Col. B. H. Kill, =S.=2046. - Capt. Charles Griffin, =S.=1373. - - =United States Infantry.= - -=1st.= Col. C. A. Waite, =S.=2670. - Lieut. J. D. De Russy, =S.=1698. - -=2d.= Col. S. Burbank, =S.=3101. - -=3d.= Officers of regiment, June, 1865, =L.=7366, =L.=7398. - Col. B. L. E. Bonneville, =S.=1968. - -=4th.= Lieut.-Col. T. Morris, =S.=3769. - -=5th.= Lieut.-Col. T. L. Alexander, =S.=1381. - -=6th.= Col. H. Day, =S.=3793. - Col. W. Seawell, =S.=1474. - Capt. J. B. S. Todd, =S.=1336. - -=8th.= Provost guard, at headquarters Army of Potomac, Fairfax Court - House, June, 1863, =L.=7503. - Col. J. Garland, =S.=1329. - Col. W. J. Worth, =S.=1316. - -=9th.= Lieut. E. Pollock, =S.=2200. - -=10th.= Col. H. B. Clitz, =S.=1521. - Lieut.-Col. W. H. Sidell, =S.=2615. - Lieut. G. W. Vanderbilt, =S.=2250. - -=14th.= Officers of regiment, March, 1862, =L.=7973. - Col. C. S. Lovell, =S.=3234. - Capt. J. D. O'Connell, =S.=3270. - -=15th.= Maj. J. H. King, =S.=2609. - -=16th.= Capt. F. M. Bache, =S.=2439. - Capt. R. P. Barry, =S.=3871. - -=17th.= Maj. W. H. Wood, =S.=3830. - Lieut. N. Prine, =S.=2199. - - =United States Sharpshooters.= - -=1st.= Col. H. Berdan, =S.=3771. - -=2d.= Col. H. A. V. Post, =S.=3731. - Lieut.-Col. H. R. Stoughton, =S.=1620. - Adjt. L. C. Parmalee, =S.=1825. - - =United States Veteran Reserve Corps.= - -=3d.= Col. F. D. Sewall, =S.=3753. - -=7th.= Lieut.-Col. J. B. Callis, =C.=4740. - -=9th.= _In Washington, D. C., May, 1865_: - --On parade, =L.=7686, =L.=7881. - --Band, =L.=7807, =L.=7808. - --Band quarters, =L.=7854, =L.=7868. - --Company A, =L.=7670. - -=10th.= _In Washington, D. C., May, 1865_: - --Band, =L.=7865, =L.=7879. - --Drum Corps, =L.=7688. - --Company A, =L.=7742. - --Company B, =L.=7677, =L.=7892. - --Company C, =L.=7896, =L.=7898. - --Company D, =L.=7905. - --Company E, =L.=7810. - --Company F, =L.=7910. - --Company H, =L.=7809, =L.=7911. - --Company I, =L.=7804, =L.=7806. - --Company K, =L.=7805. - --Non-commissioned officers of Company H, =L.=7802. - -=14th.= Col. S. D. Oliphant, =S.=3796. - -=19th.= Col. O. V. Dayton, =S.=1777, =S.=2065. - -=22d.= Maj. J. R. O'Beirne, =S.=3269. - -=26th.= Lieut.-Col. B. P. Runkle, =S.=1762. - - =United States Veteran Volunteers.= - -=8th.= Parade of regiment, Washington, D. C., March, 1864, =L.=7813. - - =United States Colored Cavalry.= - -=4th.= Col. J. G. Wilson, =S.=1815, =S.=1868. - - =United States Colored Infantry.= - -=1st.= Camp and regiment, =L.=7013. - -=4th.= Officers of regiment, Fort Slocum, near Washington, D. C., - =L.=7689, =L.=7851. - Company E, Fort Lincoln, near Washington, D. C., =L.=7890. - -=7th.= Col. James Shaw, =C.=4730. - -=8th.= Col. S. C. Armstrong, =S.=1920. - -=14th.= Col. H. C. Corbin, =S.=2617. - -=17th.= Col. W. R. Shafter, =S.=2604. - -=24th.= Col. O. Brown, =C.=4984. - -=27th.= Col. A. M. Blackman, =S.=2042. - -=28th.= Col. C. S. Russell, =S.=3211. - -=35th.= Col. J. C. Beecher, =S.=1466. - -=37th.= Col. N. Goff, =S.=3035. - -=39th.= Field and staff officers, in front of Petersburg, Va., - September, 1864, =L.=7051, =L.=7052. - -=43d.= Col. S. B. Yeoman, =S.=2669. - -=45th.= Col. U. Doubleday, =S.=3213. - -=79th.= Col. J. M. Williams, =C.=4596. - -=83d.= Col. S. J. Crawford, =C.=4784. - -=100th.= Col. R. D. Mussey, =S.=2606. - -=103d.= Col. S. L. Woodford, =C.=5098. - -=107th.= _At Fort Corcoran, near Washington, D. C., November, 1865_: - --Officers of regiment, =L.=7684. - --Guard and guard-house, =L.=7841. - --Band, =L.=7861. - -=109th.= Col. O. A. Bartholomew, =S.=2614. - -=119th.= Col. C. G. Bartlett, =S.=3091. - - =United States Treasury Battalion.= - -Officers of battalion, Washington, D. C., April, 1865, =L.=7850. - - =Vermont Cavalry.= - -=1st.= Lieut.-Col. A. W. Preston, =S.=1751. - - =Vermont Heavy Artillery.= - -=1st.= Lieut.-Col. R. C. Benton, =S.=1355. - Lieut.-Col. G. E. Chamberlain, =S.=3735. - - =Vermont Infantry.= - -=3d.= Col. B. N. Hyde, =S.=3770. - -=5th.= Col. H. A. Smalley, =S.=3729. - -=6th.= Col. E. L. Barney, =S.=1683. - Col. N. Lord, =S.=1731. - Col. O. L. Tuttle, =S.=1802. - Lieut.-Col. A. P. Blunt, =S.=1813. - Surg. C. M. Chandler, =S.=2148. - Views of Camp Griffin, near Washington, D. C., in 1861, - =C.=4787, =C.=4117, =C.=4118. - Company A, =C.=4119. - Company D, =C.=4120. - Company E, =C.=4121. - Company F, =C.=4122. - Company G, =C.=4123. - Company H, =C.=4124. - Company I, =C.=4125. - Company K, =C.=4126. - -=9th.= Col. E. H. Ripley, =S.=3113, =S.=3114. - -=10th.= Col. A. B. Jewett, =S.=2165. - -=12th.= Col. A. P. Blunt, =S.=1813. - -=13th.= Col. F. V. Randall, =S.=1445. - Lieut.-Col. A. C. Brown, =S.=1463. - -=15th.= Lieut.-Col. R. Farnham, =S.=1479. - Maj. C. F. Spaulding, =S.=1396. - Surg. C. P. Frost, =S.=1447. - -=17th.= Col. F. V. Randall, =S.=1445. - Lieut.-Col. C. Cummings, =S.=1468. - - =West Virginia Cavalry.= - -=1st.= Lieut.-Col. C. E. Capehart, =S.=1623. - -=3d.= Col. D. H. Strother, =S.=3723. - -=4th.= Lieut.-Col. S. W. Snider, =S.=1455. - - =West Virginia Infantry.= - -=12th.= Col. W. B. Curtis, =S.=3224. - - =Wisconsin Infantry.= - -=2d.= Col. E. O'Connor, =S.=3863. - Camp in front of Petersburg, Va., February, 1865, =L.=7543. - -=5th.= Col. Amasa Cobb, =C.=4739. - Maj. C. H. Larrabee, =S.=2186. - -=6th.= Lieut.-Col. F. S. Bragg, =S.=1367. - Surg. A. W. Preston, =S.=3854. - -=16th.= Col. C. Fairchild, =S.=3202. - -=18th.= Surg. E. J. Buck, =S.=3798. - -=21st.= Col. H. C. Hobart, =S.=3205. - -=24th.= Col. C. H. Larrabee, =S.=2186. - -=25th.= Lieut.-Col. J. M. Rusk, =C.=4732. - - - PORTRAITS OF NAVY OFFICERS. - -Ammen, Commander D., =C.=4635. -Bailey, Commodore T., =S.=2231. -Bankhead, Commander J. P., =S.=2118. -Barrett, Lieut.-Commander E., =S.=1987, =S.=3415. -Beil, Commodore C. H., =S.=2121. -Bennett, --, =S.=2256. -Blodgett, Lieut. G. M., =S.=2201. -Boggs, Capt. C. S., =S.=3764. -Breese, Commodore S. L., =S.=1610. -Bullus, Capt. O., =S.=1632. -Campbell, Acting Ass't Surg., =S.=2204. -Collins, Commander N., =S.=1930. -Conroy, Acting Lieut.-Commander E., =S.=1657. -Cushing, Lieut.-Commander W. B., =S.=1864. -Dahlgren, Rear Admiral J. A., =S.=1862, =S.=3416, =S.=3417, =S.=3418. -Dahlgren, Rear Admiral J. A. and staff, =S.=3413. -Davis, Rear Admiral C. H., =C.=4743. -De Kraftt, Lieut.-Commander J. C. P., =C.=5143. -Drayton, Capt. P., =C.=5112. -Dupont, Rear Admiral S. F., =C.=4636. -Erben, Lieut.-Commander H., =C.=4637. -Farragut, Rear Admiral D. G., =S.=1561. -Faunce, Capt. J. (Revenue Marine), =S.=2134. -Foote, Rear Admiral A. H., =S.=1600. -Freeman, Acting Master, =S.=2202. -Gibson, Purser J. D., =C.=4803. -Gilliss, Capt. J. P., =C.=4809. -Glisson, Capt. O. S., =C.=4808. -Goldsborough, Capt. J. R., =S.=2119. -Goldsborough, Rear Admiral L. M., =C.=4744. -Gregory, Rear Admiral F. H., =S.=1812. -Gregory, Ass't Engineer H. P., =S.=1690. -Gregory, Acting Master S. B., =S.=2003. -Gwin, Lieut.-Commander W., =S.=1408. -Harwood, Commodore A. A., =C.=4801. -Haxtun, Lieut.-Commander M., =S.=2235. -Hoff, Commodore H. K., =C.=5113. -Howard, --, =S.=1603. -Hughes, Commander A. K., =S.=2247. -Hughes, Acting Ensign J. F., =S.=2166. -Hull, Commodore J. B., =S.=1636. -Isherwood, Engineer-in-chief B. F., =S.=1890. -Jenkins, Capt. T. A., =C.=4633. -Jeffers, Lieut.-Commander W. N., =S.=492. -Jones, Surg. S. J., =S.=3860. -Kershner, Ass't Surg. E., =S.=3810. -King, Chief Engineer J. W., =C.=4811. -Lanman, Commodore J., =C.=5186. -Lardner, Commodore J. L., =C.=4807. -Law, Lieut-Commander R. L., =C.=4582. -Levy, Capt. U. P., =C.=4745. -Livingstone, Commodore J. W., =S.=2068. -Luce, Lieut.-Commander S. B., =C.=5075. -Meade, Capt, R. W., =S.=1056. -Meade, Lieut.-Commander R. W., =S.=1579. -Montgomery. Commodore J. B., =S.=2078. -Morris, Lieut.-Commander G. U., =S.=1826. -Morris, Commodore H. W., =S.=1328. -Nichols, Capt. Sylvester, =S.=1701. -Nichols, Lieut. S. W., =S.=3857. -Nones, Capt. H. B. (Revenue Marine), =S.=1545. -Palmer, Commodore J. S., =S.=1571. -Parker, =S.=2240. -Parker, Lieut.-Commander James, =C.=5203. -Pattison, Lieut.-Commander T., =S.=3184. -Paulding, Rear Admiral H., =S.=1324. -Perry, Capt, M. C., =S.=1317. -Porter, Lieut. B. H., =S.=1893. -Porter, Rear Admiral D. D., =L.=7945, =S.=1334. -Porter, Rear Admiral D. D. and staff, =L.=7227, =L.=7244, =L.=7541. -Porter, Acting Master W., =S.=1940. -Porter, Commodore W. D., =S.=2242. -Powell, Commodore L. M., =C.=4631. -Preston, Lieut. S. W., =S.=3836. -Ransom, Commander G. M., =C.=4802. -Ridgely, Capt. D. B., =C.=4806. -Riell, Lieut. R. B., =S.=1689. -Ringgold, Commodore C., =S.=1407. -Rodgers, Commander C. R. P., =S.=1875, =S.=3803. -Rodgers, Commodore J., =S.=1936. -Rowan, Commodore S. C., =S.=1766. -Salstonstall, Acting Lieut.-Commander W. G., =S.=2259. -Schoonmaker, Lieut. C. M., =S.=3415. -Shubrick, Rear Admiral W. B., =S.=1598. -Shufeldt, Commander R. W., =C.=4632. -Skerrett, Lieut.-Commander J. S., =C.=4583. -Smith, Commander A. N., =S.=1822. -Smith, Rear Admiral J., =S.=2176. -Stewart, Rear Admiral C., =S.=1332. -Stockwell, Midshipman N. P., =S.=1370. -Storer, Rear Admiral G. W., =S.=1774. -Stringham, Rear Admiral S. H., =S.=1768. -Thatcher, Commodore H. K., =C.=5187. -Trenchard, Commander S. D., =S.=3865. -Van Brunt, Commodore G., =S.=3085. -Walke, Capt, H., =S.=1576. -Ward, Commander J. H., =S.=2004. -Wheelwright, Surg. C. W., =S.=2258. -Whelan, Surg. W., =S.=5205. -Wilkes, Commodore C., =C.=4656. -Winslow, Commodore J. A., =S.=1788. -Wise, Commander H. A., =S.=1844. -Worden, Capt, J. L., =C.=4634. -Wright, =S.=1587. -Wyatt, 1st Ass't Engineer S. C., =S.=1550. -Wyman, Commander R. H., =S.=1994. - - -There are several thousand negatives in the vaults that have not yet -been catalogued. No negative is registered until its authenticity is -proved beyond a doubt. The testimony of hundreds of veterans is secured -in many instances before the locality of the negative is established. -The warriors who participated in these scenes are fast passing away and -the work of identification is progressing as rapidly as absolute -accuracy will allow. At the National Encampment at Saratoga hundreds of -"unknown" negatives were identified by soldiers who saw them taken and -offered their affidavits. Requests have been received from Grand Army -Posts for enlargements of the rare photographs of Lincoln in the tent -with McClellan at Antietam, of the Armies in Camp, and other views, the -existence of which has been hitherto unknown. Mr. Eaton authorizes the -enlargement of any negative for this purpose, providing that it is to be -treasured in the hall of a Grand Army Post. All requests must be sent -direct, accompanied by references, and no enlargement will be allowed -until it bears the written signature of Edward B. Eaton, Hartford, -Connecticut. - - - - - DEDICATED - TO THE - AMERICAN SOLDIER - - - - - ALBUM OF - - Civil War Photographs - - from the famous collection of 7,000 photographic negatives - made by MATHEW BRADY and ALEXANDER GARDNER. - - TAKES THE VETERAN - - BACK TO THE BATTLEFIELDS - - AS IN A PERSONALLY CONDUCTED TOUR - - * * * * * - -Tourists travel hundreds of miles and spend hundreds of dollars to look -upon the sites of the famous battlefields of the Civil War, and then -they see the situation only as it appears today, and not as it was when -the famous events were being enacted. How many a veteran would rejoice -to go back once more to those localities where the roar of cannon and -musketry resounded in his ears over forty years ago. =This= Album makes -this well nigh possible, and these famous photographs take the -precedence of a visit today since along with the natural localities one -sees the great actors, the President and the armies as they moved over -these localities. The whole action and movement live once again before -the eye, making the situation - - AS REAL AS THOUGH THE WAR HAD ONLY JUST ENDED - -Hundreds of letters of strong commendation from military and educational -authorities have been received, which are of convincing importance to -all who have any interest in the history of the great Civil strife, as -the following - - POWERFUL TESTIMONY CONCLUSIVELY PROVES - -J. W. Cheney, Librarian, War Department, Washington, says: "Your -magnificent album of Civil War photographs is to me both a surprise and -a delight. I am pleased to know that this superb volume has been added -to the available literature of the War for the Union. I congratulate you -on the successful accomplishment of a work that cannot be overestimated -by appreciative students of American History." - -Edward S. Holden, Librarian West Point Military Academy, says: "Your -publication 'Original Photographs taken on the battlefields during the -Civil War of the U. S.,' is an original document of the first -importance. I beg to congratulate you on this publication which will -have a very large usefulness, and to hope that you will print other -volumes of the sort." - -Admiral George Dewey says: "I believe it will commend itself not only to -all Veterans of the Country, but also to all students of the history of -our Civil War." - -Bishop Samuel R. Fallows says: "The superb work of 'Original Photographs -taken on the battlefields during the Civil War' should be in the -possession of every Grand Army Post and of every Grand Army Comrade who -can afford to take it. If I possessed the means, every Comrade who could -not spare the money to purchase it, should have a copy." - -Corporal Tanner says: "The volume instantly commanded my most undivided -attention. Why, it is like rolling back the scroll forty-five years. In -every respect, as to faithfulness and fineness of execution, I heartily -endorse the publication." - - * * * * * - - OVER TWO HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS - - SHOWING JUST HOW THINGS LOOKED "AT THE FRONT" - - THE MOST VIVID AND REALISTIC WAR VOLUME EVER PUBLISHED - - Price, $2.50 - - The National Tribune One Year and the Album of Civil War - Photographs, Both Postpaid, $3 - - ADDRESS THE NATIONAL TRIBUNE, WASHINGTON, D. C. - - -Order Blank to be used when Book alone is wanted. - -THE NATIONAL TRIBUNE, Washington, D. C.: - -Inclosed find $2.50 for "Album of Civil War Photographs." - -Name ................................................... - -P. O. .................................................. - -State .................................................. - - -Order Blank for Book and The National Tribune. - -THE NATIONAL TRIBUNE, Washington, D. C.: - -Inclosed find $3.00 for one year's subscription to The National Tribune -and "Album of Civil War Photographs." Both are to be sent postpaid. - -Name ................................................... - -P. O. .................................................. - -State .................................................. - - - - -[Illustration: THE REMARKABLE PHOTOGRAPH WAS TAKEN AT ANTIETAM IN -OCTOBER, 1862, AND SHOWS PRESIDENT LINCOLN IN CENTER, MAJ. ALLAN -PINKERTON ON LEFT AND GEN. JOHN A. McCLERNAND ON RIGHT.] - - - - - Transcriber Notes: - -Passages in italics were indicated by _underscores_. - -Passages in bold were indicated by =equal signs=. - -Small caps were replaced with ALL CAPS. - -Throughout the document, the oe ligature was replaced with "oe". - -The illustrations have been moved so that they do not break up -paragraphs and so that they are next to the text they illustrate. - -In the original, each of the pages with illustrations was treated like -as separate chapter, so four blank lines are used to indicate breaks -between those pages. - -Errors in punctuation and inconsistent hyphenation were not corrected -unless otherwise noted. - -On page 5, a period was added after "little or no benefit." - -On page 9, "vistage" was replaced with "vestige". - -On page 42, "Henry Wager Halleck. who" was replaced with "Henry Wager -Halleck, who". - -On page 46, "strategem" was replaced with "stratagem". - -On page 60, "reconnoisance" was replaced with "reconnaissance". - -On page 69, "James's" was replaced with "James'". - -On page 71, "opperations" was replaced with "operations". - -On page 75, "Chattanoga" was replaced with "Chattanooga". - -On page 75, "Racoon" was replaced with "Raccoon". - -On page 76, "breeching" was replaced with "breaching". - -On page 78, "to to" was replaced with "to". - -On page 84, "5-10" was replaced with "5/10". - -On page 91, "occured" was replaced with "occurred". - -On page 117, a period was placed after "L.7378". - -On page 95, "beleagured" was replaced with "beleaguered". - -On page 105, "is" was replaced with "are". - -On page 116, a period was placed after "S.2381". - -On page 117, a period was placed after "L.7589". - -On page 118, the comma after "S.1097" was replaced with a period. - -On page 118, the period after "Southside Railroad" was replaced with a -comma. - -On page 118, a period was placed after "S.3357". - -On page 119, a comma was placed after "S.1251". - -On page 119, a comma was placed after "L.7227". - -On page 120, a period was placed after "Y" in "Arrowsmith, Lieut., N. Y -S. M.". - -On page 120, a period was placed after "Y" in "Babcock, Lieut. C. B., -7th N. Y S. M.". - -On page 120, "Maj.-Gen. G," was replaced with "Maj.-Gen. G.,". - -On page 120, a period was placed after "C.4497". - -On page 121, a period was placed after "Drew, Lieut.-Col. W". - -On page 121, a period was placed after "S.3809". - -On page 121, a period was placed after "Harkins, Maj. D. H., 1st N". - -On page 121, a period was placed after "Harney, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W" - -On page 121, a period was placed after "Harris, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T". - -On page 121, a period was placed after "Hathaway, Col. S. G., 141st N". - -On page 121, a period was placed after "S.1567". - -On page 121, a period was placed after "Haws, Lieut. G. T., 7th N. Y". - -On page 121, a period was placed after "Johnston, Lieut.-Col. J" - -On page 121, a period was placed after "S.1937". - -On page 121, a comma was placed after "Jones, Surg. Henry". - -On page 122, a period was placed after "S.1445". - -On page 122, a period was placed after "S.2197". - -On page 122, a period was placed after "S.3218". - -On page 123, a period was placed after "S.3218". - -On page 124, a period was placed after "Maj. H. F". - -On page 125, a period was placed after "Commissary W". - -On the penultimate page, "Natonal" was replaced with "National." - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Original Photographs Taken on the -Battlefields during the Civil War of the United States, by Mathew B. 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