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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Original Photographs Taken on the
-Battlefields during the Civil War of the United States, by Mathew B. Brady and Alexander Gardner
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
-almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
-re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
-with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
-
-
-Title: Original Photographs Taken on the Battlefields during the Civil War of the United States
-
-Author: Mathew B. Brady
-        Alexander Gardner
-
-Release Date: October 10, 2013 [EBook #43922]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ORIGINAL PHOTOS--CIVIL WAR BATTLEFIELDS ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by David Edwards, Ernest Schaal, and the Online
-Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
-file was produced from images generously made available
-by The Internet Archive)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-                          Original Photographs
-
-                              Taken on the
-                              BATTLEFIELDS
-                               During the
-
-                     Civil War of the United States
-
-                By Mathew B. Brady and Alexander Gardner
-     Who operated under the Authority of the War Department and the
-                    Protection of the Secret Service
-
-    Rare Reproductions from Photographs Selected from Seven Thousand
-      Original Negatives Taken under Most Hazardous Conditions in
-         the Midst of One of the Most Terrific Conflicts of Men
-           that the World Has Ever Known, and in the Earliest
-           Days of Photography--These Negatives Have Been in
-              Storage Vaults for More than Forty Years and
-                              are now the
-
-               Private Collection of Edward Bailey Eaton
-
-                           Valued at $150,000
-
-            FIRST PRESENTATION FROM THIS HISTORIC COLLECTION
-                    MADE OFFICIALLY AND EXCLUSIVELY
-                              BY THE OWNER
-
-                         Hartford, Connecticut
-                                  1907
-
-
-
-
-                     COPYRIGHT 1907 BY E. B. EATON
-
-                  COPIES OF THIS ALBUM MAY BE OBTAINED
-                  BY A REMITTANCE OF THREE DOLLARS TO
-                            EDWARD B. EATON
-                         HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT
-                               PUBLISHER
-
-
-
-
-                    Martyrs on Altar of Civilization
-
-                                   BY
-                        FRANCIS TREVELYAN MILLER
-               EDITOR OF THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY
-
-
-[Illustration: MATHEW BRADY, FIRST WAR PHOTOGRAPHER IN AMERICA
-
-He followed the Armies during the Civil War and secured these remarkable
-Negatives--In conference with Major-General Burnside at the Headquarters
-of the Army of the Potomac near Richmond, Virginia--Brady occupies the
-chair directly in front of the tree while General Burnside is reading a
-newspaper--This picture was found among his negatives]
-
-
-THIS is undoubtedly the most valuable collection of historic photographs
-in America. It is believed to be the first time that the camera was used
-so extensively and practically on the battle-field. It is the first
-known collection of its size on the Western Continent and it is the only
-witness of the scenes enacted during the greatest crisis in the annals
-of the American nation. As a contribution to history it occupies a
-position that the higher art of painting, or scholarly research and
-literal description, can never usurp. It records a tragedy that neither
-the imagination of the painter nor the skill of the historian can so
-dramatically relate.
-
-The existence of this collection is unknown by the public at large. Even
-while this book has been in preparation eminent photographers have
-pronounced it impossible, declaring that photography was not
-sufficiently advanced at that period to prove of such practical use in
-War. Distinguished veterans of the Civil War have informed me that they
-knew positively that there were no cameras in the wake of the army. This
-incredulity of men in a position to know the truth enhances the value of
-the collection inasmuch that its genuineness is officially proven by the
-testimony of those who saw the pictures taken, by the personal statement
-of the man who took them, and by the Government Records. For forty-two
-years the original negatives have been in storage, secreted from public
-view, except as an occasional proof is drawn for some special use. How
-these negatives came to be taken under most hazardous conditions in the
-storm and stress of a War that threatened to change the entire history
-of the world is itself an interesting historical incident. Moreover, it
-is one of the tragedies of genius.
-
-While the clouds were gathering, which finally broke into the Civil War
-in the United States, there died in London one named Scott-Archer, a man
-who had found one of the great factors in civilization, but died poor
-and before his time because he had overstrained his powers in the cause
-of science. It was necessary to raise a subscription for his widow, and
-the government settled upon the children a pension of fifty pounds per
-annum on the ground that their father was "the discoverer of a
-scientific process of great value to the nation, from which the inventor
-had reaped little or no benefit."
-
-This was in 1857, and four years later, when the American Republic
-became rent by a conflict of brother against brother, Mathew B. Brady of
-Washington and New York, asked the permission of the Government and the
-protection of the Secret Service to demonstrate the practicability of
-Scott-Archer's discovery in the severest test that the invention had
-ever been given. Brady was an artist by temperament and gained his
-technical knowledge of portraiture in the rendezvous of Paris. He had
-been interested in the discoveries of Niepce and Daguerre and Fox-Talbot
-along the crude lines of photography but with the introduction of the
-collodion process of Scott-Archer he accepted the science as a
-profession and, during twenty-five years of labor as a pioneer
-photographer, took the likenesses of the political celebrities of the
-epoch and of eminent men and women throughout the country.
-
-Brady's request was granted and he invested heavily in cameras which
-were made specially for the hard usage of warfare. These cameras were
-cumbersome and were operated by what is known as the old wet-plate
-process, requiring a dark room which was carried with them onto the
-battle-fields. The experimental operations under Brady proved so
-successful that they attracted the immediate attention of President
-Lincoln, General Grant and Allan Pinkerton, known as Major Allen and
-chief of the Secret Service. Equipments were hurried to all divisions of
-the great army and some of them found their way into the Confederate
-ranks.
-
-
-
-
-"THE black art," by which Brady secured these photographs, was as
-mystifying as the work of a magician. It required a knowledge of
-chemistry and, considering the difficulties, one wonders how Brady had
-courage to undertake it on the battle-field. He first immersed eighty
-grains of cotton-wool in a mixture of one ounce each of nitric and
-sulphuric acids for fifteen seconds, washing them in running water. The
-pyroxylin was dissolved in a mixture of equal parts of sulphuric ether
-and absolute alcohol. This solution gave him the ordinary collodion to
-which he added iodide of potassium and a little potassium bromide. He
-then poured the iodized collodion on a clean piece of sheet glass and
-allowed two or three minutes for the film to set. The coated plate was
-taken into a "dark room," which Brady carried with him, and immersed for
-about a minute in a bath of thirty grains of silver nitrate to every
-ounce of water. The plate was now sensitive to white light and must be
-placed immediately in the camera and exposed and developed within five
-minutes to get good results, especially in the South during the summer
-months. It was returned to the dark room at once and developed by
-pouring over it a mixture of water, one ounce; acetic acid, one dram;
-pyrogallic acid, three grains, and "fixed" by soaking in a strong
-solution of hyposulphite of soda or cyanide of potassium. This
-photograph shows Brady's "dark room" in the Confederate lines southeast
-of Atlanta, Georgia, shortly before the battle of July 22, 1864. It is a
-fine example of wet-plate photography.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-THE secret never has been divulged. How Mr. Brady gained the confidence
-of such men as Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee, and was passed
-through the Confederate lines, may never be known. It is certain that he
-never betrayed the confidence reposed in him and that the negatives were
-not used for secret service information, and this despite the fact, that
-Allan Pinkerton and the Artist Brady were intimate. Neither of these men
-had any idea of the years which the conflict was to rage and Mr. Brady
-expended all his available funds upon paraphernalia. The government was
-strained to its utmost resources in keeping its defenders in food and
-ammunition. It was not concerned in the development of a new science nor
-the preservation of historical record. It faced a mighty foe of its own
-blood. It must either fall or rise in a decisive blow.
-
-It was indeed a sorry time for an aesthete. Mr. Brady was unable to
-secure money. His only recourse was credit. This he secured from
-Anthony, who was importing photographic materials into America and was a
-founder of the trade on this continent. The next obstacle was the
-securing of men competent to operate a camera. Nearly every able-bodied
-man was engaged in warfare. The science was new and required a knowledge
-of chemistry. Brady was a man of speculative disposition and plunged
-into the apparently impossible undertaking of preserving on glass the
-scenes of action during one of the most tremendous conflicts that the
-world has known. Pressing toward the firing-line, planting his camera on
-the field almost before the smoke of artillery and musket had cleared,
-he came out of the War with his thousands of negatives, perpetuating
-scenes that human eyes never expected to look upon again. There can be
-but very few important movements that failed to become imprinted on
-these glass records.
-
-
-[Illustration: FIRST CAMERAS EVER USED ON THE BATTLEFIELD
-
-One of Brady's Photograph Wagons in the wake of the Army at Manassas on
-the Fourth of July, in 1862--These mysterious canvas-covered wagons,
-traveling under the protection of the Secret Service, aroused the
-curiosity of the soldiers whose frequent queries "What is it?" soon
-earned for them the epithet of the "What is it?" wagon--Found among
-Brady's negatives]
-
-
-With the close of the War, Brady was in the direst financial straits. He
-had spent every dollar of the money accumulated in early portraiture and
-was heavily in debt. Seven thousand of his negatives were sent to New
-York as security for Anthony, his largest creditor. The remaining six
-thousand negatives were placed in a warehouse in Washington. Brady then
-began negotiations for replenishing his funds by disposing of the
-property. He exhibited proofs of his negatives in galleries of the New
-York Historical Society the year following the cessation of the
-conflict. On the twenty-ninth of January of that same year, 1866, the
-Council of the National Academy of Design adopted a resolution in which
-it acknowledged the value of the Brady collection as a reliable
-authority for art and an important contribution to American history. It
-indorsed the proposal to place the collection permanently with the New
-York Historical Society. General Ulysses S. Grant had been much
-interested in the work of Brady on the battlefield, and in a letter
-written on February third, 1866, spoke of it as "a collection of
-photographic views of battlefields taken on the spot, while the
-occurrences represented were taking place." General Grant added: "I knew
-when many of these representations were being taken and I can say that
-the scenes are not only spirited and correct, but also well-chosen. The
-collection will be valuable to the student and artist of the present
-generation, but _how much more valuable it will be to future
-generations_?"
-
-These were days of reconstruction. It was almost impossible to interest
-men in matters not pertaining to the re-establishment of Commerce and
-Trade. Brady had spent twenty-five years in collecting the portraits of
-distinguished personages and endeavored to dispose of these to the
-Government. The joint committee on libraries, on March third, 1871,
-recommended the purchase of some two thousand portraits which they
-called: "A National Collection of Portraits of Eminent Americans." The
-congressmen, however, faced problems too great to allow them to give
-attention to pictorial art and took no final action on the subject. In
-the meantime Brady was unable to meet the bill for storage and the
-negatives in Washington were offered at auction. William W. Belknap, the
-Secretary of War, was advised of the conditions and in July, 1874, he
-paid the storage bill and the negatives fell into possession of the
-Government. The purchase was made at a public auction and the Government
-bid was $2840 from money accumulated by Provost Marshals and turned in
-to the Adjutant-General at the close of the Civil War. The Government
-Records fail to give a list of the negatives made either at the time of
-the purchase or for many subsequent years. The original voucher dated
-July 31st, 1874, is silent as to the number of negatives received by the
-Government.
-
-
-
-
-THIS photograph is selected from the seven thousand negatives left by
-Mathew B. Brady, the celebrated government photographer, as one of the
-most valuable in existence. It seems to be the first instance on the
-Western Continent, and possibly in the world, in which a camera
-successfully imprinted on glass the actual vision of a great army in
-camp. While scenes such as this are engraved on the memories of the
-venerable warriors who participated in the terrific struggle this
-remarkable negative preserves for all ages the magnificent pageant of
-men, who have offered their lives in defense of their country, waiting
-for the call to the battle-line. The photograph was taken on a day in
-the middle of May in 1862 when the Army of the Potomac was encamped at
-Cumberland Landing on the Pamunky River. A hundred thousand men rested
-in this city of tents, in the seclusion of the hills, eager to strike a
-blow for the flag they loved, yet such was the tragic stillness that one
-who recalls it says that absolute quiet reigned throughout the vast
-concourse like the peace of the Sabbath-day. On every side were immense
-fields of wheat, promising an abundant harvest, but trammeled under the
-feet of the encroaching armies. Occasionally the silence was broken by
-the strains of a national song that swept from tent to tent as the men
-smoked and drowsed, fearless of the morrow. The encampment covered many
-square miles and this picture represents but one brigade on the old
-Custis place, near White House, which became the estate of General
-Fitzhugh Lee, the indomitable cavalry leader of the Confederacy and an
-American patriot during the later war with Spain. The original negative,
-although now forty-five years old, has required but slight retouching in
-the background.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-GENERAL JAMES A. GARFIELD was fully acquainted with the conditions under
-which the negatives were taken and the subsequent impoverishment of
-Mathew Brady. He insisted that something should be done for the man who
-risked all he had in the world and through misfortune lost the results
-of his labors. General Benjamin Butler, Congressman from Massachusetts,
-also felt the injustice, and on his motion a paragraph was inserted in
-the Sundry Civil Appropriation Bill for $25,000 "to enable the Secretary
-of War to acquire a full and perfect title to the Brady collection of
-photographs of the War." The business element in Congress was inclined
-to question the material value of the negatives. They were but little
-concerned with the art value and the discussion became a matter of
-business inventory. Generals Garfield and Butler in reply to the
-economists declared: "_The commercial value of the entire collection is
-at least $150,000._" Ten years after the War, but too late to save him a
-vestige of business credit, the Government came to Brady's relief and on
-April 15, 1875, the sum of $25,000 was paid to him. During these years
-of waiting, Brady had been unable to satisfy the demands of his
-creditors and an attachment was placed on the negatives in storage in
-New York. Judgment was rendered to his creditor, Anthony, and the
-negatives became his property.
-
-Army officers who knew of the existence of the negatives urged the
-Government to publish them as a part of the Official Records of the War.
-The Government stated in reply: "The photographic views of the War
-showing the battlefields, military divisions, fortifications, etc., are
-among the most authentic and valuable records of the Rebellion. The
-preservation of these interesting records of the War is too important to
-be intrusted in glass plates so easily destroyed by accident or design
-and no more effective means than printing can be devised to save them
-from destruction." While a few proofs were taken for the purpose of
-official records, the public still remained unacquainted with the scenes
-so graphically preserved. One who is acquainted with the conditions
-says: "From different sources verbal and unofficial, it was learned that
-quite a number of the negatives were broken through careless handling by
-the employees of the War Department." The negatives were transferred to
-the War Records Office and placed under the careful supervision of
-Colonel R. N. Scott.
-
-
-[Illustration: BRADY'S "WHAT IS IT?" IN THE CIVIL WAR
-
-The Photographer's Headquarters at Cold Harbor, Virginia, in 1862, where
-he had taken refuge to prepare his paraphernalia for a long and
-hazardous journey--It was with much difficulty that the delicate glass
-negatives were protected from breakage on these daring rides through
-forests and fields and proofs were taken at the first opportunity that
-offered]
-
-
-Twenty-five years ago, in 1882, Bierstadt, a chemist, informed the
-Government: "The breakableness of the glass and the fugitive character
-of photograph chemicals will in short time obliterate all traces of the
-scenes these represent. Unless they are reproduced in some permanent
-form they will soon be lost." Fifty-two negatives were sent to him and
-he reproduced six of these by a photographic mechanical process. The
-Government, however, decided that the cost was prohibitive, the expense
-of making the prints was seventy-five dollars a thousand and would not
-allow any general circulation.
-
-Honorable John C. Taylor, of Hartford, Connecticut, a veteran of the
-Civil War, believed that the heroes of the conflict should be allowed to
-look upon the scenes in which they participated, and made a thorough
-investigation. Mr. Taylor is now Secretary of the Connecticut Prison
-Association and Past Commander of Post No. 50, Grand Army of the
-Republic. In relating his experiences to me a few days ago he said; "I
-found the seven thousand negatives in New York stored in an old garret.
-Anthony, the creditor, had drawn prints from some of them and I
-purchased all that were in his possession. I also made a deal with him
-to allow me to use the prints exclusively. General Albert Ordway of the
-Loyal Legion became acquainted with the conditions and, with Colonel
-Rand of Boston, he purchased the negatives from Anthony who had a clear
-title through court procedure. I met these gentlemen and contracted to
-continue my arrangement with them for the exclusive use of the prints. I
-finally purchased the Brady negatives from General Ordway and Colonel
-Rand with the intention of bringing them before the eyes of all the old
-soldiers so that they might see that the lens had forever perpetuated
-their struggle for the Union. The Government collection had for nine
-years remained comparatively neglected but through ordinary breakage,
-lax supervision, and disregard of orders, nearly three hundred of their
-negatives were broken or lost. To assist them in securing the prints for
-Government Records I loaned my seven thousand negatives to the Navy
-Department and shipped them to Washington where they were placed in a
-fireproof warehouse at 920 E Street, North West. I did all that was
-possible to facilitate the important work."
-
-
-
-
-THE lens here perpetuates the interesting spectacle of an army wagon
-train being "parked" and guarded from a raid by the enemy's cavalry.
-With a million of the nation's strongest men abandoning production to
-wage devastation and destruction the problem of providing them with food
-barely sufficient to sustain life was an almost incalculable enigma. The
-able-bodied men of the North and the South had turned from the fields
-and factories to maintain what both conscientiously believed to be their
-rights. Harvests were left to the elements and the wheels of industry
-fell into silence. The good women and children at home, aided by men
-willing but unable to meet the hardships and exposures of warfare,
-worked heroically to hold their families together and to send to their
-dear ones at the battle-front whatever comforts came within their humble
-power. The supply trains of the great armies numbered thousands of
-six-mule teams and when on the march they would stretch out for many
-miles. It was in May, in 1863, that one of these wagon trains safely
-reached Brandy Station, Virginia. Its journey had been one of imminent
-danger as both armies were in dire need of provisions and the capture of
-a wagon train was as good fortune as victory in a skirmish. To protect
-this train from a desperate dash of the Confederate cavalry it was
-"parked" on the outskirts of a forest that protected it from envious
-eyes and guarded by the Union lines. One of Mr. Brady's cameras took
-this photograph during this critical moment. It shows but one division
-of one corps. As there were three divisions in each corps, and there
-were many corps in the army, some idea of the immense size of the trains
-may be gained by this view. The train succeeded in reaching its
-destination at a time of much need.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-ENDEAVORS to reveal these negatives have been futile as far as rank and
-file of the army and the public at large are concerned. The Government,
-as the years passed, became impressed with the value of this wonderful
-record, but has now officially stated with positive finality: "It is
-evident that these invaluable negatives are rapidly disappearing and in
-order to insure their preservation it is ordered that hereafter
-negatives shall not be loaned to private parties for exploitation or to
-subserve private interest in any manner."
-
-The genius Brady, in possession of $25,000, which, came from the
-Government too late to save his property, entirely lost track of his
-collection. Misfortune seemed to follow him and his Government money was
-soon exhausted. In speaking of him a few days ago, John N. Stewart, Past
-Vice Commander of the Department of Illinois, Grand Army of the
-Republic, told me: "I was with the Army of the Potomac as telegraph
-operator. I knew that views of battlefields were taken by men with a
-cumbersome outfit as compared with the modern field photographer. I have
-often wondered what became of their product. I saw Mr. Brady in
-Washington, shortly before his death, and I made inquiry of him as to
-the whereabouts of his war scenes. I asked him if the negatives were
-still in existence and where proofs could be procured. He replied: '_I
-do not know!_' The vast collection must possess great value and be of
-remarkable historical interest at this late date."
-
-
-[Illustration: BRADY ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF GETTYSBURG IN JULY 1863--The
-smoke of the terrific conflict had hardly cleared away when Brady's
-"What is it" wagon rolled onto the bloody "wheat field"--This picture
-shows Brady looking toward McPherson's woods on the left of the
-Chambersburg Pike at the point near which the Battle of Gettysburg
-began]
-
-
-In talking with Mr. Taylor, in his office at the State Capitol at
-Hartford, Connecticut, recently he recalled his acquaintance with Brady,
-and said: "I met him frequently. He was a man of artistic appearance and
-of very slight physique. I should judge that he was about five feet, six
-inches tall. He generally wore a broad-brimmed hat similar to those worn
-by the art students in Paris. His hair was long and bushy. The last time
-I met him was about twenty-five years after the War and he appeared to
-be a man of about sixty-five years of age. Despite his financial
-reverses he was still true to his love for art. I told him that I owned
-seven thousand of his negatives and he seemed to be pleased. He became
-reminiscent and among the things that he told me I especially remember
-these words: 'No one will ever know what I went through in securing
-those negatives. The world can never appreciate it. It changed the whole
-course of my life. By persistence and all the political influence that I
-could control I finally secured permission from Stanton, the Secretary
-of War, to go onto the battlefields with my cameras. Some of those
-negatives nearly cost me my life.'" Mr. Brady told Mr. Taylor of his
-difficulty in finding men to operate his cameras.
-
-
-
-
-"PINKERTON" is a name associated with the discovery of crime the world
-over. It is a word shrouded in mystery and through it works one of the
-most subtle forces on the face of the earth to-day. Sixty-five years ago
-an unassuming man fled from Scotland to America. It was charged against
-him that he was a chartist. Eight years later he was in Chicago
-established in the detection of crime. While the distant rumbles of a
-Civil War were warning the nation, he went to Washington and became
-closely attached to President Lincoln. When a plot was organized to
-assassinate Lincoln in his first days of the presidency, this strange
-man discovered the murderous compact. It was he who, in 1861, hurriedly
-organized the Secret Service of the National Army and forestalled
-conspiracies that threatened to overthrow the Republic. In speaking of
-himself he once said: "Now that it is all over I am tempted to reveal
-the secret. I have had many intimate friends in the army and in the
-government. They all know Major E. J. Allen, but many of them will never
-know that their friend, Major Allen and Allan Pinkerton, are one and the
-same person." To those who knew Major Allen this picture is dedicated.
-It reveals Allan Pinkerton divested of all mystery, father of the great
-system that has literally drawn a net around the world into which all
-fugitive wrongdoers must eventually fall. Under the guise of Major
-Allen, chief of the Secret Service in the Civil War, he was passing
-through the camp at Antietam one September day in 1862. He was riding
-his favorite horse and carelessly smoking a cigar when one of Mr.
-Brady's men called to him to halt a moment while he took this picture.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-BRADY said he always made two exposures of the same scene, sometimes
-with a shift of the camera which gave a slight change in the same
-general view. He related several interesting incidents of his early
-experiences in photography in America. It is generally conceded that Mr.
-Brady should be recognized as one of the great figures of the epoch in
-which he worked.
-
-It is here my duty to record an unfortunate incident that is not unusual
-in the annals of art and literature. Brady's life, which seems to have
-been burdened with more ill luck than the ordinary lot of man, found
-little relief in its venerable years. Misfortune followed him to the
-very threshold of his last hour. He died about eight years ago in New
-York, with a few staunch friends, but without money, and without public
-recognition for his services to mankind. Since Brady's death some of
-those who knew and esteemed him have been interested in making a last
-endeavor to bring his work before the world. Mr. Taylor has worked
-unceasingly to accomplish this result. The late Daniel S. Lamont,
-Secretary of War in President Cleveland's Cabinet, was much interested.
-Brigadier-General A. W. Greeley, in supervisory charge of the Government
-collection, said: "This collection cost the United States originally the
-sum of $27,840, and it is a matter of general regret that these
-invaluable reproductions of scenes and faces connected with the late
-civil conflict should remain inaccessible to the general public. The
-features of most of the permanent actors connected with the War for the
-Union have been preserved in these negatives, where also are portrayed
-certain physical aspects of the War that are of interest and of historic
-value ... graphic representations of the greatest of American, if not of
-all, wars."
-
-
-[Illustration: SECRET SERVICE GUIDE DIRECTING BRADY TO SCENE OF
-ACTION--Pointing toward the edge of the woods where General Reynolds was
-killed at Gettysburg in July, 1863--Brady carried his cameras onto this
-field]
-
-
-The Government, however, has stated positively that their negatives must
-not be exploited for commercial purposes. They are the historic
-treasures of the whole people and the Government has justly refused to
-establish a dangerous system of "special privilege" by granting
-permission for publication to individuals. As the property of the people
-the Government negatives are held in sacred trust.
-
-Mr. Edward B. Eaton, the first president of the Connecticut Magazine,
-one of the leading historical publications in this country, became
-interested in the historical significance of the Brady collection and
-conferred with the War Department at Washington about the Brady
-negatives. He found that the only possible way to bring the scenes
-before the public was through the private collection which not only
-includes practically all of the six thousand Government negatives but is
-supplemented by a thousand negatives not in the Government collection.
-
-Mr. Johann Olsen of Hartford, who was one of the first operators of the
-old wet-plate process used by Brady, personally examined many of the
-negatives in storage in Washington and stated that some action should be
-taken immediately. He says: "Many of the negatives are undergoing
-chemical action which will soon destroy them. Others are in a remarkable
-state of preservation. I have found among them some of the finest
-specimens of photography that this country has ever seen. The modern
-development of the art is placed at a disadvantage when compared with
-some of these wonderful negatives. I do not believe that General
-Garfield overestimated their value when he said they were worth
-$150,000. I do not believe that their value to American History can be
-estimated in dollars. I was personally acquainted with one of Brady's
-men at the time these pictures were taken and I know something of the
-tremendous difficulties in securing them." A few months ago Mr. Eaton
-secured a clear title to the seven thousand Brady negatives owned by Mr.
-Taylor with a full understanding that he would immediately place the
-scenes before the public. The delicate glass plates were fully protected
-and removed from Washington to Hartford, where they are today in storage
-in a fire-proof vault.
-
-
-
-
-THIS is conceded to be the most characteristic photograph of Lincoln
-ever taken. It shows him on the battle-field, towering head and
-shoulders above his army officers. It is said that Lincoln once sent for
-this photograph and after looking at it for several minutes he remarked
-that it was the best full-length picture that the camera had ever
-"perpetrated." The original negative is in a good state of preservation.
-The greater significance of this picture, however, is the incident which
-it perpetuates. There had been unfortunate differences between the
-government and the Army of the Potomac. The future of the Union cause
-looked dark. A critical state of the disorder had been reached; collapse
-seemed imminent. On the first day of October, in 1862, President Lincoln
-went to the headquarters of the Army of the Potomac and traversed the
-scenes of action, walking over the battlefields of South Mountain,
-Crampton's Gap, and Antietam with General McClellan. As Lincoln was
-bidding good-bye to McClellan and a group of officers at Antietam on
-October 4, 1862, this photograph was taken. Two days later Lincoln
-ordered McClellan to cross the Potomac and give battle to the enemy.
-Misunderstandings followed, and on the fifth of November, President
-Lincoln, with his own hand, wrote the historic order that deposed the
-beloved commander of the Potomac, and started controversies which are
-still renewed and vigorously argued by army officers and historians. It
-is one of the sad incidents of the passing of a hero, who had endeared
-himself to his men as have few generals in the annals of war.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-MODERN photographers have experienced some difficulty in securing proofs
-from the collodion negatives, due both to the years that the negatives
-have been neglected and their inexperience with the peculiar wet-plate
-process. Mr. Olsen is still working over them and has succeeded in
-stopping the chemical action that threatened to destroy many of them.
-Six thousand of the negatives are pronounced to be in as good condition
-today as on the day they were taken, nearly a half-century ago.
-Accompanying the collection is found an occasional negative that seems
-to have been made by Alexander Gardner or Samuel Cooley. Gardner was one
-of the photographers employed by Brady, but he later left him and
-entered into competition. Cooley was an early photographer who conceived
-a plan similar to Brady's, but operated on a very limited scale. Most of
-his negatives were taken in South Carolina.
-
-From this remarkable collection, witnessing the darkest days on the
-American continent and the first days of modern American photography,
-the prints are selected for these pages and are here dedicated to the
-American People. Until recent years there has been no mechanical process
-by which these negatives could be reproduced for general observation.
-The negatives are here accurately presented from the originals, by the
-modern half-tone process with only the slightest retouching where
-chemical action has made it absolutely necessary.
-
-In selecting these prints it has been the desire of the editor to
-present, as nearly as possible, a chronological pictorial record of the
-Civil War in the United States. At strategic points where the large
-cameras could not be drawn into the conflict, Brady used a smaller and
-lighter camera that allowed him to get very close to the field of
-action. Many of the most critical moments in the long siege are embodied
-in these small negatives. They link the larger pictures into one strong
-chain of indisputable evidence. It would require forty volumes to
-present the entire collection. This book can be but a kaleidoscopic
-vision of the great conflict. Thousands of remarkable scenes must for
-the present, at least remain unveiled. That the public may know just
-what these negatives conceal, a partial record has been compiled in the
-closing pages of this volume.
-
-
-    It has been estimated that since the beginning of authentic
-    history war has destroyed fifteen billions of human lives. I
-    have seen the estimate put at twice that number. The estimated
-    loss of life by war in the past century is fourteen millions.
-    Napoleon's campaigns of twenty years cost Europe six millions of
-    lives.
-
-    The Crimean War                             1854         750,000
-    The Italian War                             1859          63,000
-    Our Civil War, North and South
-        (killed and died in other ways)                    1,000,000
-    The Prussian-Austrian War                   1866          45,000
-    The expeditions to Mexico,
-        China, Morocco, etc                                   65,000
-    The Franco-German War                       1870         250,000
-    The Russo-Turkish War                       1877         225,000
-    The Zulu and Afghan Wars                    1879          40,000
-    The Chinese-Japanese War                    1894          10,000
-    The Spanish-American War                                   5,000
-    The Philippine War                  1899   { Americans     5,000
-                                               { Filipinos 1,000,000
-    The Boer War        (killed and wounded)   { Boers        25,000
-                                               { British     100,000
-    The Russo-Japanese War                                   450,500
-    These are probably all under the actual facts.
-
-                                          BENJAMIN F. TRUEBLOOD,
-                                   Secretary American Peace Society.
-
-
-The drama here revealed by the lens is one of intense realism. In it one
-can almost hear the beat of the drum and the call of the bugle. It
-throbs with all the passions known to humanity. It brings one face to
-face with the madness of battle, the thrill of victory, the broken heart
-of defeat. There is in it the loyalty of comradeship, the tenderness of
-brotherhood, the pathos of the soldier's last hour; the willingness to
-sacrifice, the fidelity to principle, the love of country.
-
-Far be it from the power of these old negatives to bring back the memory
-of forgotten dissensions or long-gone contentions. Whatever may have
-been the differences that threw a million of America's strongest manhood
-into bloody combat, each one offered his life for what he believed to be
-_the right_. The American People today are more strongly united then
-ever before--North, South, East and West, all are working for the moral,
-the intellectual, the industrial and political upbuilding of Our Beloved
-Land.
-
-The path of Progress has been blazed by fire. Strong men with strong
-purposes have thrown their lives on the altar of civilization that their
-children and their children's children might live and work in the light
-of a new epoch that found its birth in the agonizing throes of human
-sacrifice. From the beginning of all ages the soldier has been, and
-always must be, a _mighty man_.
-
-He who will step deliberately into the demon's jaws to defend a
-principle or to save his country must be among the greatest of men. His
-is the heroic heart to whom the world must look for the dawn of the Age
-of Universal Peace. It is his courageous arm that must force the world
-to halt. The citizenship of the future must be moulded and dominated by
-the men with the willingness to sacrifice for the sake of Justice and
-such men are soldiers, whether it be in War or Peace.
-
-There is a longing in the hearts of men, and especially those who have
-felt the ravages of battle, for the day when there shall be no more War;
-when Force will be dethroned and Reason will rule triumphant. The Great
-Washington, who led the conflict for our National Independence, longed
-for the epoch of Peace. "My first wish," he exclaimed, "is to see this
-plague to mankind banished from the earth."
-
-The mission of these pages is one of Peace--that all may look upon the
-horrors of War and pledge their manhood to "Peace on Earth, Good Will
-toward Men!"
-
-
-
-
-"WAR is hell!" The daring Sherman's familiar truth is here witnessed
-with all its horrors. War _is hell_, and _this is war_! If it were not
-for the service that this negative should do for the great cause of the
-world's Peace, this picture, which has lain in a vault in Washington for
-an epoch, would never be exposed to public view. Its very gruesomeness
-is a plea to men to lay down arms. Its ghastliness is an admonition to
-the coming generations. It is a silent prayer for universal brotherhood.
-The negative was taken after the third day's battle at Gettysburg. The
-din of the batteries had died away. The clash of arms had ceased. The
-tumult of men was hushed. The clouds of smoke had lifted and the morning
-sun engraved on the glass plate this mute witness of the tragedy that
-had made history. It was the nation's holiday--the Fourth of July in
-1863. The camera was taken into the wheat-field near the extreme left of
-the Union line. The heroes had been dead about nineteen hours. It will
-be observed that their bodies are already much bloated by exposure to
-the sun. These men were killed on July 3, 1863, by one discharge of
-"canister" from a Confederate cannon which they were attempting to
-capture. Tin cans were filled with small balls about the size of marbles
-and when the cannon was fired the force of the discharge burst open the
-can, and the shower of canister balls swept everything before it. When
-this photograph was taken a detail had already passed over the field,
-and gathered the guns and accoutrements of the dead and wounded. Shoes,
-cartridge belts and canteens have been removed from these dead heroes as
-it was frequently necessary to appropriate them to relieve the needs of
-the living soldiers. From diamond at extreme right of picture these men
-are identified as belonging to the second division of third army corps.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-IN the conflicts within the lifetime of men now living, more than three
-billions of dollars sterling have been thrown into the cannon's mouth,
-and nearly five millions of human lives have fallen martyrs to the
-battlefield. In the United States of America, a government founded on
-the Brotherhood of Man, the greatest expenditure since the beginning of
-the Republic has been for bloodshed, over six billions for War, nearly
-two billions for navy, and about three and one-half billions for
-pensions--more than eleven billions out of a total of something over
-nineteen billions of dollars. In the last half century the population of
-the world has doubled; its indebtedness, chiefly for war purposes, has
-quadrupled. It was but eight billions fifty years ago; it is thirty-two
-billions today.
-
-America has never been a war-seeking nation. Its one desire has been to
-"live and let live." When once aroused, however, it is the greatest
-fighting force on the face of the globe. It is in this peace-loving land
-that civilization witnessed the most terrible and heart-rending struggle
-that ever befell men of the same blood. "Men speaking the same language,
-living for eighty-four years under the same flag, stood as enemies in
-deadly combat. Brother fighting against brother; father against son;
-mothers praying for their boys--one in the uniform of blue, and the
-other wearing the gray; and churches of the same faith appealing to God,
-each for the other's overthrow."
-
-There were 2,841,906 men and boys sworn into the defence of their
-country during the Civil War in the United States. The extreme youth of
-these patriots is one of the most remarkable records in the annals of
-the world's warfare. The average age of the soldier in the army and navy
-was about nineteen years. Some of them followed the marching armies on
-the impulse of the moment; most of them were enlisted with the consent
-of their parents or guardians. Thousands of them never returned home;
-thousands more came back to the pursuits of Peace and have contributed
-for nearly a half century to the Good Citizenship of the Republic. Today
-they are gray-haired patriarchs. One by one they are stepping from the
-ranks to answer the call to the Greater Army from which no soldier has
-ever returned. This record has been compiled for this volume from an
-authoritative source. The men who re-enlisted are counted twice as there
-is no practical way to estimate the number of individual persons:
-
-    682,117 were over 21 years of age;
-    1,159,789 were 21 years old and under;
-    1,151,438 were 18 years old and under;
-    844,891 were 17 years old and under;
-    231,051 were 16 years old and under;
-    104,987 were 15 years old and under;
-    1,523 were 14 years old and under;
-    300 were 13 years old and under;
-    278 were 12 years old and under.
-
-When the Great Struggle began, the United States was the home of less
-than thirty-two millions of people. Today it has passed eighty millions
-and the peoples from all the nations of the earth are flooding into our
-open gates to the extent of more than a million a year. A new community
-of more than three thousand inhabitants could be founded every day from
-the men, women and children who disembark from the sea of ships charted
-to the American shores. There are among us today more than forty-eight
-millions who have been born here or immigrated into this country since
-the beginning of the Civil War. These people have no personal knowledge
-of it and their information is gathered from the narrations of others.
-These Brady negatives will come as a revelation to them and give a truer
-understanding of the meaning of it all. The good service they may do for
-the nation in this one respect cannot be overestimated.
-
-With thirty-two millions of people aroused by an overpowering impulse
-that dared them to follow the dictates of conscience by pledging their
-loyalty to the states they loved--whether it be under Southern suns or
-Northern snows--it is almost beyond comprehension that Brady came out of
-the chaos with even one photographic record. While his extensive
-operations could not begin until system and organization were
-accomplished, he did secure many negatives in 1861.
-
-Hardly had the news of the first gun passed around the globe when a half
-million men were offering their services to their country. Loyal
-Massachusetts was the first to march her strong and willing sons to the
-protection of the Government. The shrill notes of the fife sounded
-throughout the land and battle-scarred old Europe beheld in amazement
-the marshalling of great armies from a nation of volunteer patriots
-wholly inexperienced in military discipline--a miracle in the eyes of
-older civilization that had been drenched in the blood of centuries.
-
-It was the simultaneous uprising of a Great People. The first shot from
-South Carolina transformed Virginia, the beloved mother of presidents,
-into a battleground. The streets of Baltimore became a scene of riot.
-The guns of the navy boomed on the North Carolina coast. The men of the
-West moved on through Missouri, blazing their way with shot and shell.
-Through Kentucky and Tennessee the reign of fire swept on until it
-re-echoed from Florida on the gulf to the wilderness of New Mexico and
-the borderline of Texas.
-
-The American Republic was in the clutches of terrific conflict and in
-the first twelve months nearly a million and a quarter of its manhood
-was fighting for the National Flag. There was no turning from the
-struggle. It must be waged to its deadliest end. From this moment, for
-four dreadful years, fighting was taking place somewhere along the line
-every day and more than seven thousand battles and skirmishes were
-fought on land and sea.
-
-Nearly three-fourths of the men who stood in the Union ranks in the
-Civil War were native-born Americans. The others were the best and
-bravest blood of fellow-nations.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT FORT SUMTER IN 1861]
-
-"THEY have fired on Fort Sumter!" These are the words that rang across
-the continent on the morning of the twelfth of April, in 1861, and the
-echo was heard around the world. The shot that began one of the
-fiercest conflicts that civilization has ever seen was fired just
-before sunrise at four in the morning. Special editions of newspapers
-heralded the tidings through the land. Thousands of excited men
-crowded the streets. Trade was suspended. Night and day the people
-thronged the thoroughfares, eager to hear the latest word from the scene
-of action. Friday and Saturday were the most anxious days that the
-American people have ever experienced. When the news came on Sunday
-morning that Major Robert Anderson had evacuated the fort with flags
-flying and drums beating "Yankee Doodle," the North was electrified with
-patriotism. The stars and stripes were thrown to the breeze from spires
-of churches, windows of residences, railway stations and public
-buildings. The fife and drum were heard in the streets. Recruiting
-offices were opened on public squares. Men left their business and
-stepped into the ranks. A few days later, when the brave defenders of
-Fort Sumter reached New York, the air was alive with floating banners.
-Flowers, fruits and delicacies were showered upon the one hundred and
-twenty-nine courageous men who had so gallantly withstood the onslaught
-of six thousand. Crowds seized the heroes and carried them through the
-streets on their shoulders. The South was mad with victory. It was
-believed that its independence had been already gained. Several days
-after the bombardment this picture was secured of the historic fort in
-South Carolina, about which centered the beginning of a great war. It
-was taken in four sections and this is a panoramic view of them all. The
-photograph did not fall into the possession of the Government, but was
-held for many years by a Confederate naval officer, Daniel Ellis,
-commander of the twenty-gun ram "Chicora" and at one time in command of
-Fort Sumter. It is now in possession of James W. Eldridge of Hartford.
-It corrects the erroneous impression that the fort was demolished in
-1861. It stood the bombardment with but slight damage, other than a few
-holes knocked in the masonry as this picture testifies. In saluting the
-American flag before the evacuation on April 15, Private Daniel Hough
-was killed and three men wounded by the premature explosion of one of
-their own guns.
-
-
-
-
-"JOHN BROWN'S body lies a-mouldering in the grave; his soul is marching
-on!" In every public meeting, through village and town, along the lines
-of recruits marching to the front, around the army campfires, this song
-became the battle-cry. It had been but three years since John Brown,
-with seventeen whites and five negroes, seized the United States Arsenal
-at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, and began the freeing of slaves. It
-required eighteen hours and 1,500 militia and marines to subdue the
-ardent abolitionist. He took refuge in the armory engine house. The
-doors were battered down. Eight of the insurgents were killed. Brown,
-with three whites and a half dozen negroes, was captured and hanged. The
-Confederates planned its capture, but upon their approach on the
-eighteenth of April, in 1861, three days after the firing on Fort
-Sumter, they found only the burning arsenal. They held the coveted
-position with 6,500 men, but fearing the attack of 20,000 Unionists,
-deserted it. It was held by the Union troops until 1862, when, on the
-fifteenth of September, Stonewall Jackson bombarded the town and forced
-its surrender. The Union loss was 80 killed, 120 wounded, 11,583
-captured. The Confederate loss was 500. In this engagement were the
-brave boys of the 12th New York State Militia; 39th, 111th, 115th, 125th
-and 126th New York; 32nd, 60th and 87th Ohio; 9th Vermont; 65th
-Illinois; 1st and 3rd Maryland "Home Brigade;" 15th Indiana Volunteers;
-Phillips' Battery; 5th New York; Graham's, Pott's and Rigby's Batteries;
-8th New York; 12th Illinois, and 1st Maryland Cavalry. It was during
-these days that the Army of the Potomac engaged the Confederate forces
-in bloody conflict at Turner's and Crampton's Gap, South Mountain,
-Maryland, leaving Harper's Ferry again in the hands of the Union.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT HARPER'S FERRY]
-
-
-
-
-THERE is not a fleet on the seas that can withstand a modern battery if
-kept under fire by proper obstructions. Modern sea-coast artillery can
-destroy a vessel at a single shot. The watchdog that guarded the
-waterway to the National Capital in the Civil War was Fortress Monroe.
-The old stone fort, partially protected by masses of earth that
-sheltered it from the view and fire of the assailant, challenged the
-ugliest iron-clads to pass through Hampton Roads. Fortress Monroe early
-became the base of operations and under its protection volunteer
-regiments were mobilized. When the 2nd New York Volunteers reached the
-fort, about six weeks after the firing on Fort Sumter, the 4th
-Massachusetts Volunteers had come to the assistance of the regular
-garrison of four companies of artillery on duty day and night over their
-guns. Something of the conditions may be understood by the statement of
-an officer who says that his men had to appear on parade with blankets
-wrapped about them to conceal a lack of proper garments, and sometimes
-stood sentinel with naked feet and almost naked bodies. The volunteers
-arrived faster than provisions could be furnished and there was a
-scarcity of food. So great was the difficulty in procuring small arms
-that some of the soldiers were not really fitted for war during the year
-of 1861. The Government operations were centered around Fortress Monroe
-and President Lincoln personally visited the headquarters to ascertain
-the actual conditions. Brady was admitted behind the parapets with his
-camera and secured this photograph of one of the heaviest guns in the
-great fortification.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT FORTRESS MONROE]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-TO feed the millions of fighting men in both armies during the years
-1861 to 1865, was an enigma equalled only by the problem of ammunition.
-After the diets of hardtack on the long marches there is no memory
-dearer to the heart of the old veteran than a good, old-fashioned
-"square meal" from the log-cabin kitchen in the camp. This is a typical
-scene of one of these winter camps. They were substantially built of
-logs, chinked in with mud and provided on one end with a generous mud
-chimney and fireplace. The most "palatial" afforded a door and a window.
-Roaring fires burned on the hearths. With the arrival of the soldiers,
-knapsacks and traps were unpacked. The canteen was hung on its proper
-peg. The musket found its place on the wall. The old frying pan and tin
-cup were hung near the fire. There was to be a real "old home feast."
-The soldiers crowded around the sutler's tent dickering over canned
-goods and other luxuries which cost perhaps a half-month's pay. The log
-settlement was all astir. Smoke issued from the mud chimneys. Crackling
-fires and savory odors lightened the hearts of the warriors and the
-community of huts rang with jovialty, laughter and song. Stories of the
-conflict were told as the soldiers revelled over the hot and hearty meal
-and not until the late hours did the tired comrades wrap themselves in
-their blankets and fall onto their beds of pine needles or hard board
-bunks.
-
-THE charge of the cavalry is an intense moment on the battlefield. At
-the time of the Civil War nothing was known of the snap-shot process in
-photography and Brady tried frequently throughout the four years to
-secure negatives of the cavalry. It seems to have been an impossibility
-under the long "time exposure process." He did, however, succeed in
-securing negatives of horses. Frequent opportunity to try to secure a
-photograph of the cavalry, is proven by the fact that there were 3,266
-troops, or more than 272 regiments, in defense of the Government. This
-picture is found in Brady's collection and shows the cavalry depot at
-Giesboro Point, Maryland, just outside of Washington. At the beginning
-of the war the mounted men were used as scouts, orderlies, and in
-outpost duty. General "Joe" Hooker finally turned a multitude of
-detachments into a compact army corps of 12,000 horsemen. The gallant
-horseman, "Phil" Sheridan, under instructions from General Grant,
-organized three divisions of 5,000 mounted men, each armed with
-repeating carbines and sabers. It was with this force that Sheridan met
-the Confederate cavalry at Yellow Tavern, near Richmond, and
-demonstrated the importance of mounted troops by great military powers.
-One of the most magnificent scenes in the war was when 10,000 horsemen
-moved out on the Telegraph Road leading from Fredericksburg to Richmond,
-and the column, as it stood in "fours," well closed up, was thirteen
-miles long and required four hours to pass a given point.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-"CAPTURE the National Capital, throw the city into confusion and terror
-by conflagration, seize the President and his Cabinet, and secure
-control of the Government." This was the first cry of the Confederacy.
-Thousands of volunteers were moving toward the city in answer to the
-call for men to save the Nation. Orders were issued to hold back the
-enemy from crossing the bridges that entered Washington. Two batteries
-were thrown up at the east end of the Upper, or Chain Bridge, and a
-heavy two-leaved gate covered with iron plates pierced for musketry, was
-constructed at the center of the bridge. Blockhouses at Arlington
-Heights and the battery at Georgetown Heights, guarded the Aqueduct
-Bridge. The largest approach to Washington was the famous Long Bridge, a
-mile in length, and connecting the National Capital with Alexandria,
-Virginia, the gateway to the Confederacy. Three earthen forts commanded
-its entrance. All soldiers of the Army of the Potomac remember Long
-Bridge. It was over this structure that a hundred thousand men passed in
-defense of their country, many of them never to recross it. This was one
-of the strategic points in the first days of the war and consequently
-one of the first pictures taken by Brady, with its sentinel on duty and
-the sergeant of the guard ready to examine the pass. No man ever crossed
-Long Bridge without this written oath: "It is understood that the within
-named and subscriber accepts this pass on his word of honor that he is
-and will be ever loyal to the United States; and if hereafter found in
-arms against the Union, or in any way aiding her enemies, the penalty
-will be death."
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT LONG BRIDGE ENTRANCE TO WASHINGTON]
-
-
-
-
-THERE is nothing impossible to any army in time of war. Bridges are
-thrown across rivers in a night; roads are constructed as the line
-advances; telegraph wires are uncoiled in the wake of the moving
-regiments. To protect from a delay that might mean defeat, the army
-frequently carried its own "bridges" with it. These army or pontoon
-bridges consisted of boats over which planks were thrown to span the
-waterways. This view shows two of the boat's wheels ready for the march.
-Each pontoon wagon is drawn by six mules. These pontoons were always
-getting stuck in the mud, and the soldiers, struggling along under their
-own burdens, were obliged to haul on the drag ropes, and raise the
-blockade. Probably no soldier will see this picture without being
-reminded of the time when he helped to pull these pontoons out of the
-mud, and comforted himself by _shouting at the mules_. A view is also
-shown of a pontoon bridge across the James River ready for the approach
-of the army. It was often necessary to establish an immediate telegraph
-service between different points in the lines. This photograph shows one
-of the characteristic field telegraph stations. An old piece of canvas
-stretched over some rails forms the telegrapher's office, and a
-"hardtack" box is his telegraph table; but from such a rude station
-messages were often sent which involved the lives of hundreds and
-thousands of soldiers. The building of corduroy roads to allow
-ammunition and provision trains to pass on their journeys was of utmost
-importance. An hour's delay might throw them into the hands of the
-enemy. Many disasters were averted by the ingenuity of the engineers'
-corps.
-
-[Illustration: PONTOON BOATS ON WHEELS]
-
-[Illustration: BUILDING A CORDUROY ROAD]
-
-[Illustration: FIELD TELEGRAPH STATION IN OPERATION]
-
-[Illustration: PONTOON BRIDGE ACROSS JAMES RIVER]
-
-
-
-
-"IF any one attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the
-spot!" The order rang from town to town. Old Glory waved in the breeze
-defiantly. "The flag of the Confederacy will be hoisted over Washington
-within sixty days," came the retort from the far South. "Only over our
-dead bodies," replied the men of the North. The National Government
-discovered that a conspiracy had been in operation to denude its
-armories and weaken its defenses. Political influences had secretly
-disarmed the incoming administration, scattering the regular army in
-helpless and hopeless positions far from the seat of the Government and
-beyond its call in an emergency. Northern forts had been dismantled and
-the munitions from Northern arsenals had been dispatched to Southern
-vantage grounds to be used in case of necessity. The treasury had been
-depleted and the Government was on the verge of bankruptcy. Eleven of
-the historic old states of the Union had withdrawn and formed a new
-republic, the "Confederate States of America." These were the conditions
-that confronted Lincoln in his first days of the Presidency. Plots were
-rampant to take his life. His steps were shadowed by Secret Service
-detectives to safeguard him against assassins, and he was practically
-held a prisoner in the White House. In further protection the defenses
-around the city were strengthened. From every hillside grim guns turned
-their deep mouths into the valleys until a chain of fortifications made
-the city impregnable. Brady secured permission to take his cameras into
-these fortifications. This is the best negative which he secured. It is
-taken behind the breastworks at Fort Lincoln, near Washington.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT FORT LINCOLN]
-
-
-
-
-THE first serious collision of the two great armies of divided Americans
-took place at Bull Run, in Virginia, on the twenty-first of July, in
-1861. The Government had confined its operations almost wholly to the
-protection of Washington, and the public demand for more aggressive
-action was loud and alarming. The Confederate pickets had become so
-confident that they advanced within sight of the National Capital.
-Accusations were strong against the seeming desire of the Government to
-evade the enemy. Charges of deliberate delay and cowardice came from the
-North. "On to Richmond," the stronghold of the Confederacy, was the
-demand. So great became the public clamor that, despite the judgment of
-military authorities, 29,000 Federals under McDowell advanced against
-the 32,000 Confederates under Beauregard, driving them back only to be
-repulsed, after one of the hardest and strangest combats that military
-history has ever recorded. The Union ranks were so demoralized that they
-retreated without orders and straggled back to Washington, although a
-strong stand might have turned the tide of battle. The Union loss was
-481 killed; 2,471 wounded and missing, besides 27 cannon and 4,000
-muskets. The Confederate loss was 378 killed; 1,489 wounded and missing.
-Brady's cameras were soon on the field. He did not reach it in time,
-however, to secure pictures of the fighting armies. One of his negatives
-shows the historic stream of Bull Run along which the battle occurred.
-Another negative shows the field over which the hardest fighting took
-place. A third negative is that of Sudley Church, which was the main
-hospital after the conflict. It was here that, after a long detour, the
-Union forces found a vulnerable point and crossed to meet the enemy.
-Brady also secured a negative of Fairfax Court House, one of the
-outposts of the Confederacy, in this campaign.
-
-[Illustration: FAIRFAX COURT HOUSE IN 1861]
-
-[Illustration: STREAM OF BULL RUN IN 1861]
-
-[Illustration: SUDLEY'S CHURCH AND FORD AT BULL RUN]
-
-[Illustration: BATTLEFIELD OF BULL RUN IN 1861]
-
-
-
-
-THE man behind the gun risks his life on his faith in the ammunition
-train to keep him supplied with powder and shell. An old warrior
-estimates that an army of 60,000 men, comprising a fair average of
-infantry, cavalry, artillery and engineers must be provided with no less
-than 18,000,000 ball cartridges for small arms, rifles, muskets,
-carbines and pistols for six months' operation. In the field an infantry
-soldier usually carries about sixty rounds. The lives of the men depend
-upon the promptness of the ammunition trains. To supply these 60,000 men
-requires one thousand ammunition wagons and 3,600 horses. The wagon
-constructed for this service will carry 20,000 rounds of small-arm
-munition. The cartridges are packed in boxes and the wagon is generally
-drawn by four to six horses or mules. Several wagons are organized into
-an "equipment," moving under the charge of an artillery, and there are
-several such "equipments" for an army of this magnitude, one for each
-division of infantry, a small portion for the cavalry, and the rest in
-reserve. Early in the Civil War a chemist suggested to General McClellan
-that he could throw shells from a mortar that would discharge streams of
-fire "most fearfully in all directions." McClellan replied: "Such means
-of destruction are hardly within the category of civilized warfare. I
-could not recommend their employment until we have exhausted the
-ordinary means of warfare." The Government preferred to depend largely
-upon these silent, ghost-like wagons, with their deadly loads of
-millions of cartridges, pressing toward the battle lines throughout the
-conflict. This picture shows an ammunition train of the Third Division
-Cavalry Corps in motion with the army encamped on the distant hills. It
-is one of Brady's best negatives.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS AMMUNITION TRAINS WERE MOVING]
-
-
-
-
-SLAVE pens were common institutions in the days of negro bondage in
-America. The system had developed from the early days of colonization
-and was for many generations a legitimate occupation throughout the
-country. So many rumors, false and true, were told of the "pens" that
-Brady schemed to secure photographs of some of them. Early in 1861 he
-succeeded in gaining entrance to one of the typical institutions in
-Alexandria, Virginia. The results are here shown. The cell rooms with
-their iron-barred doors and small cage windows relate their own story.
-While they were installed by the larger slave traders they were wholly
-unknown on most of the old Southern plantations. A picture is also here
-shown of the exterior of the "slave pen" kept at Alexandria with the
-inscription over the door, "Price, Birch & Co., Dealers in Slaves." This
-shows the proportions to which the system had grown in the greatest
-republic in the world. Enormous fortunes were being accumulated by some
-dealers who had thrown aside sentiment and humanity and were herding
-black men for the market. With the outbreak of the war many of the
-slaves sought the protection of the Union Army, while others, who had
-kind masters, were willing to remain on the plantations. Mr. Brady
-secured several photographs of these typical slave groups. The one here
-shown is a party of "contrabands" that had fled to the Union lines.
-Another familiar scene in 1861 was the pilgrimage of poor whites to the
-Union ranks. When the troops passed through many of the mountain
-villages, these frightened white sympathizers would hastily gather their
-scanty belongings, pile them onto an old wagon, desert their homes and
-follow the army, to be passed on from line to line until they reached
-the North.
-
-[Illustration: IRON-BARRED CELLS IN AN OLD SLAVE PEN]
-
-[Illustration: SLAVE DEALERS' HEADQUARTERS IN ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA]
-
-[Illustration: REFUGEES LEAVING THE OLD HOMESTEAD]
-
-[Illustration: CONTRABANDS IN WAKE OF THE UNION ARMY]
-
-
-
-
-ONE of the greatest secret forces in the Civil War was the electric
-telegraph. Wires were uncoiled as the army moved on its march toward the
-enemy and over them passed the hurried words that frequently saved
-hundreds and thousands of lives. While England was the first to
-experiment with the new science on the battlefield, the war in America
-demonstrated its permanent importance in the maneuvers of armies. Brady
-was much interested in the development of telegraphy as a factor in war
-and never missed any opportunity to take a photograph of the field
-telegraph corps as they passed him on marches. This picture shows one of
-the construction corps in operation. The wires were laid as each column
-advanced, keeping the General in command fully informed of every
-movement and enabling him to communicate from his headquarters in the
-rear of the army with his officers in charge of the wings. The military
-construction corps laid and took up these wires as fast as an infantry
-regiment marches. An instant's intelligence may cause a charge, a flank
-or a retreat. By connecting with the semi-permanent lines strung through
-woods and fields, into which the enemy would have little reason to
-venture unless aroused by suspicion, the commander on the field is kept
-informed of the transportation of troops and supplies and the approach
-of reinforcements. It was also the duty of the military construction
-corps to seize all wires discovered by them and to utilize them for
-their own army or tear them down. Constant watch is kept for these
-secret lines. Great care must also be taken that false messages do not
-pass over them. Their destruction is generally left to the cavalry. The
-heavy construction wagons, carrying many miles of telegraph wire in
-coils, were drawn by four horses.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS MILITARY TELEGRAPH WAS BEING STRUNG]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS FIELD TELEGRAPH WAGON WAS SENDING
-MESSAGE]
-
-TELEGRAPH stations in wagons were not uncommon sights to the soldiers
-between the years of 1861 to 1865. Great responsibility rested upon the
-operators who halted alongside the road to send a message back to
-headquarters that might change the whole course of events and defeat
-into victory. The operators in the Civil War stood by their posts like
-sentinels. The confidential communications of commanders and the
-movements of the morrow were intrusted with them, but not in a single
-instance is one known to have proven false to that trust. It was part of
-the duty of the telegraph service to take messages from the scouts sent
-out to ascertain the resources of the country, the advantages of certain
-routes, and the general lay of the land. Every click of the instrument
-transmitted secrets upon which might depend the rise or fall of the
-nation. These field telegraph wagons, drawn by horses, carried the
-instruments and batteries which had but recently been invented by an
-American scientist, and by which an electric spark shot messages through
-wire in the fraction of a second's time. The War of 1861 proved for all
-time the advantages of this new science. It left the signal corps to
-attend to only short-range communications and lightened the duties of
-mounted orderlies, conveying messages in a flash of electricity that had
-hitherto taken a day's reckless riding on horseback. While it saved the
-orderlies from many hazardous journeys there were many more where the
-telegraph wires did not penetrate and dependence was still placed on the
-dashing mounted messenger. The chief service of the electric telegraph
-was to maintain communication between corps and divisions and
-headquarters. It was also utilized in some of the brilliant strokes of
-the Secret Service in forestalling deep-laid plots.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN AN ARSENAL AT WASHINGTON]
-
-THE downfall of Washington in the first days of the war would have meant
-the downfall of the Republic. What changes this would have wrought in
-the history of the Western Continent can never be known. Its
-probabilities were such that the Treasury Building was guarded by
-howitzers, the Halls of Congress were occupied by soldiers, the Capitol
-building became a garrisoned citadel. Lincoln was virtually imprisoned
-by guards in the White House, and the streets were patrolled by armed
-men. Troops were quartered in the Patent Building. The basement
-galleries of the Capitol were converted into store-rooms for barrels of
-pork, beef and rations for a long siege. The vaults under the broad
-terrace on the western front were turned into bakeries where sixteen
-thousand loaves of bread were baked every day. The chimneys of the ovens
-pierced the terrace and smoke poured out in dense black clouds like a
-smoldering volcano. Ammunition and artillery were held in readiness to
-answer a moment's call. So intense was the excitement that one of the
-generals in command at the Government arsenal exclaimed: "We are now in
-such a state that a dog-fight might cause the gutters of the Capital to
-run with blood." There was the clank of cavalry on the pavements, the
-tramp, tramp of regiments of men whose polished muskets flashed in the
-sunlight as they moved over Long Bridge. Cavalcades of teams and
-white-topped army wagons carrying provisions, munitions of war and
-baggage followed in weird procession. Brady was then in Washington
-negotiating with the Government and the Secret Service for permission to
-follow the armies with his cameras. This is one of the pictures that he
-took at that time, showing the artillery and cannon-balls parked at the
-National Capital.
-
-
-
-
-NO one, except the men who did it, can ever know the tremendous
-difficulties overcome in preparing an army for warfare. The
-transformation of a nation of peaceful home-lovers to a battle-thirsty,
-fighting populace is almost beyond human understanding. To arm them
-instantly with the implements of war is a problem hardly conceivable.
-When the first guns of the Civil War were belching their death-fire, all
-the man-killing weapons known to civilization were being hurried to the
-front. There were flint and percussion and long-range muskets and
-rifles; bayonets and cavalry sabers; field and siege cannon; mortars and
-sea-coast howitzers; projectiles, shot, shell, grape and canister;
-powder, balls, strap and buckshot; minie balls and percussion caps;
-fuses, wads and grenades; columbiads and navy carronades; lances,
-pistols and revolvers; heavy ordnance and carriages. Europe was called
-upon to send its explosives across the sea. Caves were opened for the
-mining of nitre, lead and sulphur. Factories were run day and night for
-the manufacture of saltpeter. On land and sea the greatest activity
-prevailed. This photograph was taken on the twenty-sixth day of August
-in 1861, when the ammunition schooners, accompanying the fleet from
-Fortress Monroe on the expedition to Fort Hatteras, N. C., were passing
-through Hampton Roads. The fleet, sailing under sealed orders, in
-command of Flag Officer Silas H. Stringham, arrived before sunset. Two
-days later, in conjunction with the troops of the 9th, 20th, and 99th
-New York Volunteers, under General Benjamin F. Butler, it forced the
-surrender of Fort Hatteras without the loss of a man and took seven
-hundred prisoners. The Confederates lost about fifty killed and wounded.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN HAMPTON ROADS--AMMUNITION SCHOONERS]
-
-
-
-
-SPIES lived in the White House according to the rumors in 1861, and
-every council of the Administration was reported to the enemy. Whether
-this is true or not has never been verified, but by some mysterious
-channel the Administration's plans invariably fell into the hands of the
-Confederates. One of the first instances of this is the expedition to
-Port Royal on the South Carolina coast. This was one of the finest
-harbors along the South Atlantic and it was planned to take it from the
-Confederates and use it as a base for future Union operations. The most
-careful preparations were laid for two months. On the twenty-ninth of
-October, in 1861, fifty vessels under sealed orders with secret
-destination sailed from Hampton Roads. The fleet had hardly left the
-range of Fortress Monroe when the full details of its sealed orders
-reached the Confederates at Port Royal. Off Cape Hatteras it ran into a
-severe gale; one transport was completely wrecked, with a loss of seven
-lives; another transport threw over her cargo; a storeship went down in
-the storm, and a gunboat was saved only by throwing her broadside
-battery into the sea. The fleet was so scattered that when the storm
-cleared there was only a single gunboat in sight of the flagship.
-Undismayed by the misfortune, within a few hours the vessels that had
-withstood the tremendous gale were moving on to Port Royal. Several
-frigates that had been blockading Charleston Harbor joined them and on
-the morning of the seventh of November the attack was made on Fort
-Walker at Hilton Head and Fort Beauregard on St. Helena Island. The guns
-of the fleet wrought dreadful havoc. The stream of fire was more than
-the entrenched men had expected or could endure. The troops fled across
-Hilton Head in panic from Fort Walker. When the commander at Fort
-Beauregard looked upon the fleeing soldiers he abandoned his position
-and joined the retreat. A flag of truce was sent ashore but there was no
-one to receive it, and soon after two o'clock the National colors were
-floating over the first permanent foothold of the Government in South
-Carolina, a Confederate stronghold.
-
-[Illustration: GUN IN BATTERY AT PORT ROYAL, S. C., 1861]
-
-[Illustration: COOSAW FERRY, PORT ROYAL ISLAND, S. C.]
-
-[Illustration: FORT BEAUREGARD, BAY POINT, S. C., 1861]
-
-[Illustration: GENERAL ISAAC I. STEVENS' STAFF, BEAUFORT, S. C.]
-
-
-
-
-THE American people, in their one hundred and twenty years of "Life,
-Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness," have had but three wars with the
-outside world. They have enjoyed a greater immunity from armed encounter
-than any of their neighbors. Other than the grievous struggle which we
-have had with our own people, it may be fairly said that we have been
-blessed by Peace.
-
-As if by magic the hundreds of thousands of volunteers were armed with
-the munitions of War and marched to the battle-front. The great Lincoln,
-under the constitutional provisions, was commander-in-chief of the
-citizen armies, and worked in conjunction with his War Department at
-Washington. The military genius of a trained fighter was needed and from
-the outbreak of the War until November 6, 1861, Brevet-Lieutenant
-Winfield Scott was in command; then came Major-General George B.
-McClellan, a man of great caution, until March 11, 1862. From that time
-until July 12, 1862, the Government was without a general commander
-until Major-General Henry W. Halleck took control and continued till
-March 12, 1864. It was then that Lieutenant-General Ulysses S. Grant was
-called upon to end the struggle. Under these military leaders the great
-fighting force of volunteers was organized into armies. The first of
-these patriot legions was the Army of the Potomac.
-
-Army of the Potomac was called into existence in July, 1861, and was
-organized by Major-General George B. McClellan, its first commander;
-November 5, 1862, Major-General A. E. Burnside took command of it;
-January 25, 1863, Major-General Joe Hooker was placed in command, and
-June 27, 1863, Major-General George G. Meade succeeded him.
-
-Army of Virginia was organized August 12, 1862. The forces under
-Major-Generals Fremont, Banks, and McDowell, including the troops then
-under Brigadier-General Sturgis at Washington, were consolidated under
-the command of Major-General John Pope; and in the first part of
-September, 1862, the troops forming this army were transferred to other
-organizations, and the army as such discontinued.
-
-Army of the Ohio became a power, November 9, 1861. General Don Carlos
-Buell assumed command of the Department of the Ohio. The troops serving
-in this department were organized by him as the Army of the Ohio,
-General Buell remaining in command until October 30, 1862, when he was
-succeeded by General W. S. Rosecranz. This Army of the Ohio became, at
-the same time, the Army of the Cumberland. A new Department of the Ohio
-having been created, Major-General H. G. Wright was assigned to the
-command thereof; he was succeeded by Major-General Burnside, who was
-relieved by Major-General J. G. Foster of the command of the Department
-and Army. Major-General J. M. Schofield took command January 28, 1864,
-and January 17, 1865, the Department was merged into the Department of
-the Cumberland.
-
-Army of the Cumberland developed from the Army of the Ohio, commanded by
-General Don Carlos Buell, October 24, 1862, and was placed under the
-command of Major-General W. S. Rosecranz; it was also organized at the
-same time as the Fourteenth Corps. In January, 1863, it was divided into
-three corps, the Fourteenth, Twentieth and Twenty-first; in September,
-1863, the Twentieth and Twenty-first Corps were consolidated into the
-Fourth Corps. October, 1863, General George H. Thomas took command of
-the army, and the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were added to it. In
-January, 1864, the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were consolidated and
-known as the Twentieth Corps.
-
-Army of the Tennessee was originally the Army of the District of Western
-Tennessee, fighting as such at Shiloh, Tennessee. It became the Army of
-the Tennessee upon the concentration of troops at Pittsburg Landing,
-under General Halleck; and when the Department of the Tennessee was
-formed, October 16, 1862, the troops serving therein were placed under
-the command of Major-General U. S. Grant. October 24, 1862, the troops
-in this Department were organized as the Thirteenth Corps; December 18,
-1862, they were divided into the Thirteenth, Fifteenth, Sixteenth and
-Seventeenth Corps. October 27, 1863, Major-General William T. Sherman
-was appointed to the command of this army; March 12, 1864, Major-General
-J. B. McPherson succeeded him; July 30, 1864, McPherson having been
-killed, Major-General O. O. Howard was placed in command, and May 19,
-1865, Major-General John A. Logan succeeded him.
-
-Army of the Mississippi began operations on the Mississippi River in
-Spring, 1862; before Corinth, Mississippi, in May, 1862; Iuka and
-Corinth, Mississippi, in September and October, 1862.
-
-Army of the Gulf operated at Siege of Port Hudson, Louisiana, May, June,
-and July, 1863.
-
-Army of the James consisted of the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps and
-Cavalry, Major-General Butler commanding and operating in conjunction
-with Army of the Potomac.
-
-Army of West Virginia was active at Cloyd's Mountain, May 9 and 10,
-1864.
-
-Army of the Middle Military Division operated at Opepuan and Cedar
-Creek, September and October, 1864.
-
-During the year 1862, Brady's men followed these legions. Both armies
-were maneuvering to strike a decisive blow at the National Capital of
-either foe--one aiming at Washington and the other at Richmond. The
-scenes enacted in these campaigns are remarkable in military strategy,
-and Brady's men succeeded in perpetuating nearly every important event.
-
-Cameras were also hurried to the far South and West where great leaders
-with great soldiers were doing great things. Several of these cameras
-arrived in time to bear witness to the bravery of the men of the
-Mississippi, who were waging battle along the greatest waterway in North
-America--the stronghold of the Confederacy and the control of the inland
-commerce of the Continent.
-
-
-
-
-THE first naval conflicts of the Civil War took place early in 1862. On
-the ninth of March, the revolving turret iron-clad "Monitor" met the
-enormous Confederate ram, "Merrimac," in Hampton Roads. Both powerful
-vessels forced the attack and stood under the fiercest bombardment only
-to again invite assault. After four hours of the nerviest fighting that
-the seas had ever known, the adversaries withdrew, undefeated, to repair
-their respective damages. Brady secured several photographs of these
-vessels immediately after the engagement. One of them on this page shows
-part of the deck and turret of the "Monitor;" near the port-hole can be
-seen the dents made by the heavy steel-pointed shot from the guns of the
-"Merrimac." While the news of this conflict was amazing even old Europe,
-naval operations along the American coast were creating consternation.
-On the first anniversary of the Fall of Fort Sumter the National navy,
-in an attempt to sweep the Confederates from the Atlantic coast,
-bombarded Fort Pulaski in Georgia. All day long the bombardment was
-terrific and firing did not cease until nightfall, when five of the guns
-of the fortress were silent. All night long four of Gillmore's guns
-fired at intervals of fifteen or twenty minutes and at daybreak the
-onslaught became furious. At two in the afternoon a white flag appeared
-from its walls. The spoils of victory were the fort, forty-seven heavy
-guns, a large supply of fixed ammunition, forty thousand pounds of gun
-powder, a large quantity of commissary stores; three hundred prisoners
-and the port of Savannah was sealed against blockade runners--all this
-with the loss of but one killed on each side. Brady seems to have had
-unusual foresight. He was nearly always in the right place at the right
-time and these negatives picture the ruins of Fort Pulaski.
-
-[Illustration: ORIGINAL "MONITOR" AFTER HER FIGHT WITH THE "MERRIMAC"]
-
-[Illustration: RUINS OF FORT PULASKI, GA., APRIL, 1862]
-
-[Illustration: OFFICERS ON BOARD "MONITOR," JULY 9, 1862, AT HAMPTON
-ROADS]
-
-[Illustration: THE BREACHFORT AT PULASKI AFTER BATTLE]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The most powerful fleet that had ever sailed under the American Flag
-entered the deltas of the Mississippi River on the eighteenth day of
-April, in 1862, to force the surrender of the largest and richest city
-of the Confederacy. The strategic value of New Orleans was greater than
-that of any other point in the Southern States. Its export trade in
-cotton and sugar was larger than any city in the world. The great fleet
-had sailed from Hampton Roads on the second of February under the
-command of a man sixty years old, who was born in Tennessee, but offered
-himself to the Union cause--David G. Farragut. This photograph was taken
-as he stood on the deck of his flagship "Hartford." From the firing of
-the first gun on New Orleans a rain of iron fell upon the forts. During
-the first twenty-four hours Captain David Porter's gunners dropped
-fifteen hundred bombs in and around the forts. The night was hideous
-with fiery meteors and the day dense with smoke and flame. The roar of
-the artillery was deafening and shattered the windows in the houses for
-many miles. For six days and nights the terrific bombardment raged. When
-Farragut attempted to run the gauntlet to the metropolis of the gulf he
-swept the shores with a continuous fire of twenty-six thousand shells--a
-million and a half pounds of metal. The Confederates pushed a fire raft
-down the river to the daring admiral's flagship and the "Hartford" burst
-into flame. While one part of the crew fought the fire, the others
-poured metal from her guns onto the enemy. On the twenty-sixth day of
-April, Farragut entered the harbor to New Orleans and on the
-twenty-ninth unfurled the Stars and Stripes in the city.
-
-WITH flags flying and bands playing "The Star Spangled Banner," the
-troops from the transports, which brought fifteen thousand men under
-command of General Benjamin F. Butler, marched into New Orleans on the
-first day of May in 1862. Crowds of men and women surged the sidewalks
-cursing the Yankees and hurrahing for Beauregard, Bull Run and Shiloh.
-When Butler established military government over New Orleans the city
-had a population of about 140,000. About 13,000 of these were slaves.
-Nearly 30,000 of the best citizenship were fighting in the Confederate
-ranks. The city was on the verge of starvation. More than a third of the
-population had no money and no means of earning it. Prices rose
-enormously. Butler contributed a thousand dollars of his own money to
-relieve the suffering. Supplies were hurried from all sources and sold
-under Butler's orders at cost to those who had funds. The price of flour
-fell from sixty to twenty-four dollars a barrel. Butler proved to be a
-great organizer. The people were set to work cleaning and improving
-their city. His administration was always humane. The execution of a
-gambler who tore down the American Flag from the mint, and the
-condemning of a gang of thugs was his only show of the iron hand. This
-photograph shows Major-General Butler, with his staff, as he appeared in
-his fighting days. When leaving Lincoln and his cabinet to start on his
-expedition, Butler exclaimed: "Good-bye, Mr. President; we shall take
-New Orleans or you will never see me again!" With Farragut he kept his
-promise.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-THE heaviest battery of artillery ever mounted in the world, up to 1862,
-was before Yorktown when the Union army was maneuvering to enter
-Richmond from the south. The intention was to shell the Confederates out
-of a strongly intrenched position by overwhelming fire. This photograph
-was taken inside of the fortification that threatened to annihilate an
-entire army. In it were huge demons of death--that were hitherto unknown
-in warfare--capable of throwing 900 pounds of iron at one broadside into
-the lines of the enemy. There were five 100-pounder and two 200-pounder
-Parrot rifled cannon. The topography of the country would not admit of
-engagements with unfortified lines. The Confederates concentrated their
-forces in the woods. The Union commanders at first despised picks and
-shovels. They insisted that all defenses except those naturally
-available were beneath a soldier's dignity. The battles of the East and
-West were being fought on open ground. The campaign against Richmond,
-however, proved the necessity of defenses to protect the lines from
-unexpected attacks from the hidden enemy. The Confederates became uneasy
-over this shift of fighting front and the magnitude of the preparations
-at Yorktown so astounded them that they abandoned the position. On May
-third the great battery threw a charge into the Confederate stronghold.
-It was intended to open the bombardment on the following morning, but at
-dawn it was found that the Confederates had evacuated. The heavy
-artillery was known as Battery No. 1, and manned by Company B, First
-Connecticut Heavy Artillery. It became a matter of discussion throughout
-the world. Military attachés from many foreign powers visited the
-breastworks to report the situation to their governments.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN BEHIND THE BREASTWORKS AT YORKTOWN, VA.,
-IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-AT sunrise of the fourth of May, in 1862, the Union troops entered the
-deserted Confederate works at Yorktown and found seventy-one heavy guns,
-a large number of tents, with ammunition and materials of war. The works
-were found to be of scientific construction and great strength and
-undoubtedly could have withstood the heavy fire from the heaviest
-battery in the world. This photograph shows the remains of one of the
-heavy Confederate guns blown into atoms rather than leave it to the
-Union forces. Fragments of the gun strew the ground, together with shell
-and grape-shot. The soldiers seen in works are Union Zouaves. The
-Confederate forces of 50,000 men under Magruder were pursued by
-McClellan's 85,000 Union soldiers to Williamsburg, after which the enemy
-retired unmolested behind the lines of Richmond. While Brady was taking
-his photographs at Yorktown, he met the distinguished Prince de
-Joinville and his royal companions of the House of Orleans, who, for
-pure love of adventure, had come from France and were following the Army
-of the Potomac as aides-de-camp, being permitted to serve without taking
-the oath of allegiance, and without pay. The noblemen were eating dinner
-in camp when Brady secured this picture. A few days later Brady met the
-Battery C, 3rd U.S. Flying Artillery, on the road to Fair Oaks and
-secured a remarkable photograph. Another picture in this campaign is the
-ruins of the Norfolk navy-yard. It had been the chief naval depot of the
-Confederates, but on the tenth of May, 1862, General John E. Wool, with
-5,000 men, entered the city. The navy-yard, with its workshops,
-storehouses and other buildings had been wrecked, but two hundred cannon
-fell into the hands of the Union forces. The Confederate ironclad
-"Merrimac" tried to escape up the James, but grounded and was blown up.
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE WORKS AFTER EVACUATION OF YORKTOWN]
-
-[Illustration: ADVENTUROUS EUROPEAN NOBLEMEN WITH ARMY OF THE POTOMAC IN
-1862]
-
-[Illustration: RUINS OF NORFOLK NAVY YARD IN 1862]
-
-[Illustration: FLYING ARTILLERY ON ROAD TO FAIR OAKS]
-
-
-
-
-AFTER the evacuation of Yorktown on the fourth of May, in 1862, this
-picture was taken. It shows the generals of the Army of the Potomac in
-full uniforms after the hard siege, and at the very time when they were
-maneuvering to drive back the Confederates, forcing them to stand in
-defense of the Capital of the Confederacy--Richmond. It was through the
-personal friendship of Major-General McClellan that Brady was allowed to
-take this rare photograph. The warriors lined up in front of the camera
-on the field at Yorktown. In the center is General McClellan--a man in
-whose veins flowed the blood of Scotch cautiousness--"Be sure you're
-right, then go ahead!" He was but thirty-six years of age when he held
-the great army under his control. From boyhood he had been a military
-tactician. When twenty years old he was graduated from West Point,
-standing second in his class, and distinguished himself for gallantry in
-the Mexican War. Six years before the outbreak of the Civil War, when
-only thirty years old, McClellan was in Crimea and two years later he
-submitted his report to the Government and resigned from the army to
-become vice-president and chief engineer of the Illinois Central
-Railroad. In 1860, he was general superintendent of the Ohio and
-Mississippi Railroad. When the call swept across the continent for
-troops to preserve the Nation, the old war spirit was aroused and
-McClellan was one of the first to respond.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT YORKTOWN OF MCCLELLAN AND HIS
-OFFICERS IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-BRADY'S cameras took an active part in the campaign about Richmond, the
-Capital of the Confederacy. Four of the old negatives are here
-reproduced. The first is a view of light field-works on the
-Chickahominy, near Fair Oaks. The men are at the guns ready to receive
-the attack and the infantry are hurrying into line on the right and left
-of the battery. The second photograph is where the battle raged hottest
-in June, 1862. In the rear of the battery of howitzers in the
-foreground, is the left of Sickle's brigade in line of battle. Near the
-twin houses, seen still further in the rear, the bodies of over 400
-Union soldiers were buried after the battle. The Confederate loss was
-7,997 men killed, wounded and missing; the Union loss, 5,739. The
-headquarters of the army, at the opening of the seven days' fight, was
-at Savage Station, where vast amounts of rations, forage, ammunition and
-hospital stores were distributed for the use of the troops. This station
-fell into the hands of the enemy together with many of our sick and
-wounded soldiers during the seven days' battles. One of these views
-gives a glimpse of the field hospital at Savage Station during the
-battle. The wounded were brought in by the hundreds and laid on the
-ground and the surgeons may be seen leaning over them. During the
-Peninsula Campaign in 1862, the army balloon was a valuable aid in the
-signal service. This view shows Professor T. S. C. Lowe in his balloon
-watching the battle of Fair Oaks. He can easily discern the movements of
-the enemy's troops and give warning to the generals. The balloon rises
-to the desired elevation and is anchored to a tree.
-
-[Illustration: ARTILLERY IN LINE AT FAIR OAKS IN 1862]
-
-[Illustration: BATTERY OF HOWITZERS IN BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS]
-
-[Illustration: WATCHING BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS FROM BALLOON]
-
-[Illustration: THE WOUNDED AT SAVAGE STATION AFTER THE BATTLE]
-
-
-
-
-DESPERATE battles day and night crimsoned the fields in the siege about
-Richmond. McClellan called for reinforcements to force his way into the
-city, but they failed to arrive. So dismayed was he that he sent this
-warning to Stanton at Washington: "If I save this army now, I tell you
-plainly that I owe no thanks to you, or any other person in Washington."
-This photograph shows the Grapevine Bridge on the Chickahominy over
-which McClellan passed his army. This bridge was built by the 15th New
-York Engineer Corps. All the supplies that could be taken in the wagon
-trains were hurried over Grapevine Bridge and the remainder were burned
-or abandoned. Hundreds of artillery charges were opened. Powder was
-scattered over the pile and barrels of oil poured on. At Savage Station
-a railroad train loaded with ammunition was set on fire, then sent, with
-the locomotive throttle wide open, to plunge from the broken tracks into
-the river, each car exploding as it reached the surface of the stream.
-Grapevine Bridge was destroyed and Jackson held away from the Battle of
-Gaines' Mill, which undoubtedly saved the Army of the Potomac from
-capture. Through Mechanicville, Gaines' Mill, Savage Station, Peach
-Orchard, White Oak Swamp and Malvern Hill the Union soldiers fought
-their way from the twenty-sixth of June to the first of July, finally
-escaping to Harrison's Landing on the James River after a loss of 15,249
-men. The Confederates had beaten them back from Richmond at a cost of
-17,583 men. McClellan set up his base of operations at Harrison's
-Landing and remained a menace to Richmond.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT GRAPEVINE BRIDGE OVER THE
-CHICKAHOMINY]
-
-
-
-
-BRILLIANT strokes came like flashes of lightning. With McClellan still
-setting his heart on taking Richmond, "Stonewall" Jackson was making
-threatening moves towards Washington. Demonstrations were begun to plant
-fear in the Government and cause sufficient alarm to order the
-withdrawal of McClellan to the defense of Washington. This daring ruse
-was successful inasmuch as it completely upset the plans to take
-Richmond, and the seat of battle was almost instantly transferred to the
-North. There was no denying it; Washington stood in abject fear of the
-brilliant Jackson. His presence in the vicinity of the National Capital
-caused much uneasiness. The stand against him came at Cedar Mountain,
-known from its hard fight as Slaughter Mountain, on the ninth of August,
-1862. At a cost of about 1,400 men, the Union army frustrated Jackson
-and depleted his forces to the extent of 1,307. Brady's cameras were
-with the army at Cedar Mountain. The first photograph was taken just as
-one of the batteries was fording a tributary of the Rappahannock.
-Another picture was taken of the Union camp on the battlefield. The
-Confederate general, Charles S. Winder, was struck by a shell while
-leading his division on the field. He was taken to the house shown in
-one of these photographs where he died. The marks of the shells can
-easily be seen in the roof. It was about this time, at Harrison's
-Landing, that Brady met the famous Irish Brigade which was then fighting
-in the defense of Washington, under Brigadier-General Thomas Francis
-Meagher, who had taken prominent part in a recent rebellion in Ireland.
-A group of officers of the sturdy Irish Brigade sat before one of
-Brady's cameras. The charges of this brigade are among the most daring
-in warfare.
-
-[Illustration: OFFICERS OF IRISH BRIGADE AT HARRISON'S LANDING IN 1862]
-
-[Illustration: HOUSE AT CEDAR MOUNTAIN WHERE GENERAL WINDER DIED]
-
-[Illustration: CAMP AND BATTLEFIELD ON CEDAR MOUNTAIN IN 1862]
-
-[Illustration: BATTERY FORDING STREAM NEAR CEDAR MOUNTAIN IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-ONE hundred and sixty thousand men fought in the Union lines in the
-Peninsula campaign. When Lincoln reviewed the army at Harrison's
-Landing, in 1862, he saw only eighty-six thousand men. The remainder had
-been removed by casualties on the field or disease. Fifty thousand had
-fallen victims to fever or malaria. The president and his cabinet were
-dissatisfied with the conditions and General Henry Wager Halleck, who
-had been showing much ability in the West, was summoned to Washington
-and appointed commander-in-chief. McClellan was practically deposed from
-the Potomac. The Army of Virginia, under command of General John Pope,
-was instructed to cover Washington and guard the Shenandoah entrance to
-Maryland. In taking command of this division, Pope said to his men: "I
-have come to you from the West, where we have always seen the backs of
-our enemies." The Confederates were mapping routes on a large scale.
-Bragg was to advance on Louisville and Cincinnati; Lee was to invade
-Maryland and march upon Washington, Baltimore and Philadelphia. The
-capture of these three cities was to assure the Independence of the
-Confederacy. Lee had 150,000 men and two-thirds of them were to be taken
-on this invasion. This is the scheme that was being worked out when the
-two armies met on the thirtieth day of August at Manassas. The
-Confederate troops poured onto the Federal lines and forced them back
-beyond Bull Run until the darkness of the night stopped the pursuit.
-Bridges were burned and railroads destroyed by the Union Army as they
-withdrew toward Washington, making brave stands to hold back the enemy,
-only to be driven back to the banks of the Potomac with 7,800 missing
-and dead, while the Confederate lines had 3,700 vacancies.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN BEHIND CONFEDERATE FORTIFICATIONS AT
-MANASSAS IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: GENERAL IRVIN MCDOWELL AND OFFICERS IN 1862]
-
-[Illustration: RUINED BRIDGE AT MANASSAS]
-
-CONSTERNATION was caused in Washington by the terrible slaughter at
-Manassas, on the thirtieth of August, in 1862. The Federal Army was
-driven from the Virginia valley. The mighty Confederate generals Lee,
-Jackson, and Longstreet, renewed their hopes of entering the National
-Capital and pushing into Pennsylvania and Maryland, and as one
-enthusiastic Southerner exclaimed: "The Confederate flag will yet wave
-over Faneuil Hall in Boston." It was but thirteen months since the Union
-Army met a fearful defeat along this same stream of Bull Run. After a
-three weeks' campaign, the Federals, under Major-General John Pope, were
-forced to retire and hastened to the defense of Washington which they
-believed to be in instant danger of attack. It was in a volley of heavy
-fire that General Phil Kearney fell dead from his saddle. Kearney and
-Lee had been personal friends before the war and Lee sent the body of
-his old friend back to the Union headquarters under a flag of truce.
-During this campaign, Brady secured an excellent photograph of
-Major-General Irvin McDowell and staff, who had been in the first battle
-of Bull Run and now commanded the Third Army Corps. He also made the
-acquaintance of General Robert E. Lee, who had assumed command of the
-Confederate Army in Virginia in the second battle, two months before.
-Standing at Lee's right is Major-General G. W. C. Lee and on his left
-Colonel Walter Taylor of the Confederates.
-
-[Illustration: GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE AT MANASSAS]
-
-
-
-
-TIRED and hungry, the Federal soldiers were driven from the Virginia
-Valley. The cutting off of supplies had placed them in a precarious
-condition. There was nothing left for them to do but retreat to the
-nearest provisions. Even the 4,000 horses in the cavalry were so broken
-down and footsore that not more than 500 of them were fit for riding.
-The only considerable depot of supplies was at Manassas Junction and it
-had fallen into the hands of the Confederates. A strong body of cavalry
-under "Jeb" Stuart, with 500 infantry, had raided it during the night
-three days before the battle. These stores were destroyed by the
-Confederates as a safer way to force back the Federals by starvation.
-While they brought little succor to the rank and file of the Confederate
-army they left the Union soldiers without food. One of Brady's cameras
-reached Manassas Junction shortly after the destruction and this is the
-negative that was taken. The railroad train is wrecked, the engine is
-derailed, and the cars have been looted. 50,000 pounds of bacon, 1,000
-barrels of corned beef, 2,000 barrels of salt pork, 2,000 barrels of
-flour, two train loads with stores and clothing, large quantities of
-forage, 42 wagons and ambulances, 200 tents, 300 prisoners, 200 negroes,
-eight pieces of artillery with their horses and equipments, and 175
-horses other than those belonging to the artillery fell into the
-possession of the enemy. Immense quantities of quartermasters' and
-commissaries' stores were burned. Only rations enough for a single day
-were saved by the captors. The conflict was too hot and the action too
-swift to allow carrying them along on the movement into the North. With
-these provisions gone the Union army was in dire want.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT RUINS OF MANASSAS JUNCTION, VIRGINIA,
-IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-THE pursuit by the Confederates toward the very gates of Washington,
-after the route of the Union army along Bull Run, was stopped only by
-the thoughtfulness of the retreating Federals in destroying their
-bridges. Lee, in his report after the battle, says: "After a fierce
-combat, which raged until after nine o'clock, Pope's Union Army was
-completely defeated and driven beyond Bull Run. The darkness of the
-night, his destruction of the Stone Bridge after crossing, and the
-uncertainty of the fords, stopped the pursuit." This photograph is an
-actual verification of the truth of Lee's excuse. Brady arrived on the
-following day and this picture shows the ruins as he found them. It
-would have been foolhardy for an army in the blackness of night to have
-attempted to tramp through wreckage, the extent of which they knew
-nothing, and water the depth of which was questionable. Bull Run was a
-treacherous stream with its rocks and holes. Moreover, the Confederate
-soldiers, after the fearful struggle through which they had passed, were
-not in a condition to travel through the night in drenched and
-mud-soaked clothing. The Union forces at the fierce battle of Manassas
-were: Army of Virginia, under Pope--1st Corps under Major-General Franz
-Sigel; Third Corps under Major-General Irvin McDowell; Second Corps
-under Major-General Nathaniel P. Banks; Army of the Potomac--Third Corps
-under Major-General S. P. Heintzelman; Fifth Corps under Major-General
-Fitz John Porter; Ninth Corps under Major-General Jesse L. Reno.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT RUINS OF STONE BRIDGE OVER BULL RUN
-IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: THE DEAD ALONG HAGERSTOWN ROAD AFTER BATTLE OF ANTIETAM]
-
-[Illustration: SIGNAL CORPS WATCHING BATTLE FROM HILLSIDE AT ANTIETAM]
-
-THRILLED with the victory at Manassas, the second Bull Run, the leader
-of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis, ordered an immediate movement to
-the North with all the chances of glorious triumph in his favor. It was
-conceded even by the military tacticians of the Government that Lee
-could march to Washington with probabilities of entrance. He was aware
-that a direct attack was feasible, but he desired to cross the Potomac
-into Maryland and enter the National Capital from the north, thus giving
-him a free route to the great municipalities of the North. It is
-probable that he even had visions of the capture of New York. While
-developing this military stratagem he met the Federals in the open at
-Antietam. It was the seventeenth of September in 1862. General McClellan
-was in command and Lee's fondest dreams were blasted. The men of both
-armies fought as they never fought before. Brady's cameras were soon on
-the scene and secured many negatives of this bloody day. The one above
-reveals the west side of Hagerstown Road after the battle. The bodies of
-the dead are strewn thickly beside the fence, just as they fell. The
-guns succeeded in getting an excellent range of this road, and
-slaughtered the enemy like sheep. This view of some of the men just as
-they fell, is only a glimpse of many groups of dead in that terrible
-combat. Brady "caught" the Independent Pennsylvania Battery E, well
-known as Knapp's Battery, shortly after the battle.
-
-[Illustration: ARTILLERY AFTER THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM]
-
-
-
-
-THIS is believed to be the first photograph ever taken of armies in
-battle on the Western Continent. The historic negative was taken from
-the hill overlooking the battle of Antietam. It shows the artillery in
-terrific conflict and the fire belching from the cannon's mouth. The
-clouds of smoke rising from the valley tell the fearful story of that
-seventeenth day of September, in 1862, when 25,899 Confederates were
-killed, wounded and captured at the cost of 12,469 Union men. On the
-left of the lines stand the reserve artillery waiting for the call to
-action. One can almost hear the voice of "Little Mac" urging his men on
-to victory. The defeat at Manassas, and the destruction of Pope's
-trains, with the hot haste in which the troops had passed through
-Washington, gave no time for the issuance of shoes, socks or other
-necessaries. The men who had tramped through the Chickahominy swamps and
-down the Virginia Valley were ragged and bleeding, but when the order
-rose above the tumult: "Give ground to the right," a mighty cheer swept
-along the lines as a cavalry of horsemen galloped madly to the front,
-for the men in the ranks knew that McClellan was coming. There was not a
-man at Antietam who did not know that it was a last desperate chance to
-thwart the great Lee from marching on to Washington, and possibly
-Baltimore and Philadelphia. The people in the North eagerly awaited the
-news. The National Capital was almost in a state of panic. It was the
-hardest fought and bloodiest single day's battle of the war and more men
-were killed than in any single day's fight during the conflict.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN DURING THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: SCOUTS AND GUIDES WITH THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC]
-
-[Illustration: GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER AND HIS FAVORITE HORSE AT ANTIETAM]
-
-[Illustration: PICKETS IN THE LEAD OF THE ARMY IN 1862]
-
-THE scouts and guides of the Civil War saved the armies from many
-defeats by their shrewdness and bravery. Upon them rested the great
-responsibility of leading the soldiers through the unknown country to
-advantageous and safe positions. During the Peninsula campaign in 1862 a
-group of these men sat before one of Brady's cameras. A photograph was
-also secured at a reserve picket station near the Potomac. The advance
-picket was a short distance ahead and upon the approach of the enemy
-began firing, and gradually fell back on these reserves, who keep up a
-continuous fire as they retire slowly, fighting as they go, giving time
-for the army to form into line for battle. About this same time an
-excellent picture was secured of "Fighting Joe" Hooker standing beside
-his horse. Hooker was seriously wounded at Antietam and borne from the
-field. Still another photograph shown here is the "Sunken Road" or
-"Bloody Lane" at Antietam, in which the Confederate dead lay three deep
-for a distance of half a mile. This ditch was used by the Confederates
-as a rifle pit. A Union battery succeeded in getting an excellent range
-of the road and this view, taken the day after the battle, shows the
-dead just as they fell. It is a scene of slaughter that few men have
-ever seen and its horrors are here preserved in detail by the camera.
-
-[Illustration: DEAD IN SUNKEN ROAD AFTER BATTLE OF ANTIETAM]
-
-
-
-
-STONEWALL JACKSON, in speaking of the battle of Antietam, said: "The
-carnage on both sides was terrific. The hottest fight seemed to center
-about Dunker Church, where there were no less than four charges and
-counter-charges. Each army had taken and retaken the ground until it was
-literally carpeted with dead and dying men." The Confederates posted a
-battery of light artillery outside of the little building used for
-religious services by the sect known as the Dunkers. This photograph
-shows where one gun of the battery stood. The dead artillerymen and
-horses, and the shell-holes through the little church, prove how
-terrible a fire was rained onto this spot by the Union batteries.
-Another view on this page shows the dead collected for burial after the
-battle of Antietam. The wounded were taken from the battlefield to an
-improvised hospital which consisted of canvas stretched over stakes
-driven into the ground. A view is here given of one of these hospitals
-in which wounded Confederate prisoners are being relieved of their
-suffering. One of the most interesting of these photographs is Burnside
-Bridge. With fixed bayonets the Union soldiers started on their mission
-of death, rushing over the slope leading to the bridge, and engaging in
-fierce combat with the enemy. The fire that swept it was more than they
-could stand and they were obliged to retire. Two heavy guns were placed
-in position and aimed upon the Confederates. In a maddening charge, the
-bayonets again flashed in the light and the Union soldiers swept
-everything before them, planting the Stars and Stripes on the opposite
-bank. Five hundred of their men lay dead behind them. By this time
-Burnside had crossed the stream and after a quick encounter the battle
-was ended with both armies severely punished and neither inclined to
-resume the fight.
-
-[Illustration: BURNSIDE BRIDGE AT ANTIETAM IN 1862]
-
-[Illustration: THE DEAD COLLECTED FOR BURIAL AFTER BATTLE OF ANTIETAM]
-
-[Illustration: FIELD HOSPITAL AT ANTIETAM BATTLEFIELD IN 1862]
-
-[Illustration: DEAD ARTILLERYMEN AT DUNKER'S CHURCH, ANTIETAM]
-
-
-
-
-THE last echo of the guns of Antietam had hardly died away when the
-great Lincoln and the cautious McClellan stood literally at swords'
-points at the very instant when the Confederacy was repulsed and
-weakened. Lincoln was positive that this was the opportune moment to
-take the offensive and drive the Confederates into the South. McClellan
-insisted that his soldiers were suffering; that they needed shoes and
-supplies; that the cavalry horses were fatigued. He felt that the
-Government had been saved by his men and that the administration should
-now provide them with proper clothing and food before they plunged again
-into the wilderness. President Lincoln hurried to the battlefield of
-Antietam on the first of October, in 1862, to learn the real condition.
-While the president and "Little Mac" were seated in General McClellan's
-tent about noon on the third of October, with maps and plans on the
-table before them, discussing the situation, Lincoln submitted to having
-this photograph taken. The silk hat of the president lies on the table
-over which is thrown an American flag. It is a remarkable likeness of
-the great American and the negative is treasured as one of the most
-valuable contributions to our National records. In speaking of this
-visit, McClellan said: "We spent some time on the battlefield and
-conversed fully on the state of affairs. He told me that he was entirely
-satisfied with me and with all that I had done; that he would stand by
-me. He parted from me with the utmost cordiality. We never met again on
-this earth." On the following morning Lincoln returned to Washington.
-Two days later McClellan received an order from Washington to
-immediately move onto the enemy and engage them in battle. The breach
-between the two men was now irreparable. McClellan believed that it was
-the influence of Stanton whom he had accused of working deliberately
-against him. It was nineteen days before he began the movement and on
-the fifth of November, Lincoln issued this order: "By direction of the
-president it is ordered that Major-General McClellan be relieved from
-the command of the Army of the Potomac, and that Major-General Burnside
-take command of that army."
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE LINCOLN WAS CONFERRING WITH
-McCLELLAN ON BATTLEFIELD OF ANTIETAM]
-
-
-
-
-WHEN Lincoln visited the battlefield of Antietam, he was accompanied by
-Allan Pinkerton, chief of the Secret Service, known under the alias of
-Major Allen. On the morning of the third of October, 1862, when he was
-leaving McClellan's tent to look over the army in camp, he again stood
-before one of the war cameras and this rare photograph is the witness.
-Comparatively few of this generation have any clear idea of how the real
-Lincoln looked as he passed through the heart-rending ordeal from 1861
-to 1865. This photograph shows him in his characteristic attitude. At
-his right stands Pinkerton, one of the shrewdest detectives that the
-world has produced. The officer in uniform is Major John A. McClernand,
-who was appointed to command the Army of the West and fought at Fort
-Donelson, Shiloh and Vicksburg, but who was in the East at this time.
-From Lincoln's visit resulted McClellan's deposal. Never before or since
-has such a scene been witnessed in any army as the one when McClellan
-took leave of his officers and soldiers. Seated on a magnificent steed,
-at the head of his brilliant staff, he rode down the lines, lifting his
-cap as the regimental colors fell into salute. Whole regiments dropped
-their muskets to cheer their hero. The tears came to McClellan's eyes
-and the vast army shook with emotion. As he was boarding the train
-troops fired a salute. Impassioned soldiers wildly insisted that he
-should not leave them, and uttered bitter imprecations against those who
-had deprived them of their beloved commander. It was a moment of fearful
-excitement. A word, or a look of encouragement, would have been the
-signal for a revolt, the consequences of which no man can measure.
-McClellan stepped to the platform of the car. He spoke slowly but
-appealingly: "Stand by General Burnside as you have stood by me, and all
-will be well!" A calm fell over the soldiers and they bade farewell to
-their idolized commander. McClellan, upon reaching Washington, remained
-less than an hour and proceeded at once to Trenton. From that time he
-never again saw Lincoln, or Stanton, or Halleck.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE LINCOLN WAS PASSING THROUGH CAMP
-AT ANTIETAM IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-A FEW days after Burnside replaced McClellan in command of the Army of
-the Potomac, this photograph was taken while he was with his staff at
-Warrenton, Virginia, in the middle of November, in 1862. Burnside is
-here seen in the midst of his officers, with one hand characteristically
-tucked into his coat and the other holding a written military order.
-Burnside was a graduate of West Point and when twenty-four years old
-helped to take the Capital in the Mexican War. He had also been an
-Indian fighter and during those days made a journey of over a thousand
-miles across the plains in seventeen days, accompanied by only three
-men, to carry dispatches to President Filmore. At twenty-nine years of
-age he resigned from the United States Army and invented the Burnside
-rifle. He was one of McClellan's intimate friends, and while a civilian
-he was engaged with him on the Illinois Central Railroad. Burnside was
-in New York when the Civil War broke out and hurried to the front in
-command of the First Rhode Island Volunteers. He fought at the first
-battle of Bull Run and commanded an expedition that stormed the North
-Carolina coast. He was in the famous Battle of Roanoke Island and
-Newbern and as a reward for these successes he was given the rank of
-major-general. He later fought the Battle of Camden, attacked and
-reduced Fort Macon, and during the Peninsula Campaign fought at the
-Battle of South Mountain and Antietam. When Lincoln first offered
-Burnside the command held by McClellan it is said that he refused it
-three times. Not until he knew that his friend must go did he concede to
-the wishes of the president. When Burnside took command of the Union
-forces he was but thirty-nine years old, but an experienced warrior.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE MAJOR-GENERAL AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE
-WAS ENCAMPED WITH HIS STAFF IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: GENERAL EDWIN V. SUMNER AND STAFF IN PENINSULA CAMPAIGN
-IN 1862]
-
-SHORTLY after the battle of Antietam this photograph was taken of
-General Sumner, who was distinguished for gallantry on that bloody
-field. Sumner is seen standing on the steps in the center of a group of
-officers. At this time he was a warrior sixty-six years of age and had
-seen a long life of hard fighting. He was born during the first days of
-the American Republic, in the year 1796. When twenty-three years old he
-became a second lieutenant in the United States Infantry and served with
-distinction during the Black Hawk War. He later had command of a cavalry
-school and at the outbreak of the Mexican War he led an attack against
-five thousand lancers and was breveted colonel. With the cessation of
-this conflict he took charge of the Department of New Mexico, and was
-later ordered to Europe on official business. Upon his return he entered
-into border warfare and defeated the Cheyenne Indians. When Lincoln was
-elected president, Sumner was selected to accompany him from Springfield
-to Washington and was promoted brigadier-general. Sumner was active in
-the Peninsula Campaign and was promoted to major-general. He fought
-through the Maryland Campaign, and at Antietam his corps made one of the
-fiercest charges over the field, carrying destruction and death. He
-commanded the right wing at the battle of Fredericksburg and was ordered
-to the West, but while preparing to depart he died suddenly.
-
-WHILE the campaigns against Richmond and Washington were being waged,
-hard fighting was taking place in the Southwest. Grant was in command of
-the Army of the Tennessee. Buell was near Chattanooga, facing Bragg who
-threatened Louisville. Rosecranz was at the head of the Army of the
-Mississippi and occupied Alabama and Northern Mississippi. Terrific
-engagements had taken place at Fort Donelson and Shiloh, Tennessee. The
-Guerilla Campaign was being waged in Missouri. There were frequent
-clashes in Kentucky and Arkansas, but Mississippi seemed to be the
-battle-ground. Corinth, in that state, was considered the military key
-to Tennessee. It was in the conflict for the control of this coveted
-position that the Confederates made one of their bravest charges. A
-photograph is here shown of Fort Robinette which was protected by
-Federal guns. The Southerners charged almost to the cannon's mouth, only
-to be swept back by the murderous shower of lead. The second charge
-stands as a wonderful example of human courage. Colonel Rogers of Texas,
-led the column, and scaled the breastwork, falling inside. Three charges
-were made, but the Confederates were finally forced to retreat. The
-Federal loss at this battle of Corinth in killed, wounded and missing
-was 2,359; the Confederates left behind them 9,423.
-
-[Illustration: IN FRONT OF THE EARTHWORKS AT FORT ROBINETTE IN CORINTH,
-MISSISSIPPI]
-
-
-
-
-WITH colors flying, armament in first-class condition, and soldiers
-well-clothed and fed, the Union lines under the new command of Burnside
-began offensive operations against Virginia. This had been Lincoln's
-long desire. The scene of action was now to be forced away from the
-National Capital. On a bright morning in November, the men who had
-served under McClellan marched in three grand divisions to their new
-campaign. The Rappahannock was reached on the seventeenth, but the
-bridge across the river had been destroyed by the Confederates who were
-intrenched in Fredericksburg on the opposite bank. Pontoons promised by
-the Government had not yet arrived. "Where are my pontoons?" wired
-Burnside. "They will start to-morrow," came the reply from the War
-Department. It was the tenth of December before the engineers could
-build their bridges and in the meantime ill-feeling had arisen between
-Burnside and the Government. The fatal delay had enabled Lee to
-concentrate his army on Marye's Heights, overlooking Fredericksburg. The
-work of building five bridges across the Rappahannock was begun under a
-drawn musketry fire from the opposite bank of the river. Nearly every
-blow of a hammer cost a human life. Burnside ordered his artillerymen to
-open fire on the city. Fredericksburg became a mass of ruins. This
-photograph shows abutments of the destroyed bridge. The trees are
-cropped short by the artillery fire from the Union guns. The Confederate
-sharpshooters were concealed in the buildings on the opposite river
-front. Burnside ordered his men to cross the river on a line of pontoon
-boats. The sharpshooters were driven from their shelter while the bridge
-building was completed. The river was crossed. At dawn, the twelfth of
-September, both armies stood ready for combat.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ON THE RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER AFTER
-DESTRUCTION OF BRIDGE TO FREDERICKSBURG IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ALONG THE SUNKEN ROAD AT FREDERICKSBURG
-AFTER THE BATTLE IN 1862]
-
-CONFRONTED by sheets of flame, the Union Army made its attack on
-Fredericksburg on the morning of the thirteenth of December, in 1862.
-The Confederates occupied the Heights with a line five and a half miles
-long and fortified with earthworks and artillery. The Federals moved
-through the town under a heavy fire of Confederate batteries. Marye's
-Hill was protected at its base by a stone wall, back of which was a
-sunken road, occupied by two brigades of Confederate infantry. The
-charging columns of the Union Army were rushing across the open ground
-under a fierce artillery fire when suddenly they were confronted by a
-rain of lead from the sunken road back of the stone wall. Nearly half of
-the charging column was shot down and the remainder fell back. Five
-thousand more charged in the same manner. Some of them approached within
-twenty yards of the wall, but fell back, leaving two thousand of their
-number on the field. Twelve thousand men were again charged against
-Marye's Heights, but scarcely four thousand returned. The Union ranks
-were depleted by 12,355, while the Confederates held their position with
-a loss of but 4,576, and the Federal Army withdrew across the
-Rappahannock and Lee held Fredericksburg.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: ARTILLERY DEFENSES ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF FREDERICKSBURG
-IN 1862]
-
-[Illustration: FIGHTING GROUND ALONG THE CHICKASAW BAYOU]
-
-[Illustration: POISONED SPRING OF CHICKASAW BAYOU]
-
-[Illustration: MEDICAL CORPS OF ARMY OF POTOMAC IN CAMP UNDER SURGEON
-JONATHAN LETTERMAN]
-
-THE end of 1862, in the Civil War, found the army in the East in camp at
-Falmouth, Virginia, after severe reverses. In the Southwest a vigorous
-campaign was being waged by the heroes of Iuka and Corinth, Mississippi.
-Grant was in supreme command of the Federal corps in northern
-Mississippi. A movement was in operation against Vicksburg. Sherman was
-attempting to get into the rear of the city by the Chickasaw Bayou road
-which ran from the Yazoo battlefield to the Walnut Hills, six miles
-above the city. His column of thirty thousand men was defeated and
-driven back with dreadful slaughter on the twenty-eighth and
-twenty-ninth of December. Rosecranz was established at Nashville, while
-Bragg was putting his men into winter huts at Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
-The Federal troops enjoyed Christmas in camp and on the following
-morning, in a cold rain, the Army of the Cumberland advanced to Stone
-River where it enters the Cumberland River just above Nashville. At
-sunrise on the last day of 1862, Rosecranz's army met Bragg's forces
-with a deafening roar of artillery and musketry that fairly caused the
-earth to tremble. The fighting on both sides was of a determined
-character. The fields were literally covered with dead and dying men.
-Victory was claimed by both the Federals and the Confederates.
-Photographs are here shown of Chickasaw Bayou and the deadly Poison
-Spring on the battlefield; also an excellent portrait of the medical
-corps of the Army of the Potomac, in camp under charge of Dr. Jonathan
-Letterman, a prominent battlefield surgeon.
-
-
-
-
-EVERY AMERICAN citizen pledges his "life, fortune and sacred honor" to
-the truth that "all men are created free and equal," and that they are
-endowed by their Creator, with certain "unalienable rights." It was
-fidelity to this oath, as sacred as life itself, that led the American
-people to rush "to arms" to defend it.
-
-The mobilization of a volunteer army, of freemen born and bred in the
-arts of peace, never was known until the new Republic of the Western
-Hemisphere championed the cause of Liberty and common manhood.
-Battle-trained monarchies declared that it could not be maintained; that
-the hundreds of thousands of men who were offering their services to
-their country could never stand the severe exposures and deprivations of
-warfare. The tongues of the Nations knew not what they were talking.
-These men were fighters, not by training or nature, but by an honest
-impulse of the heart they were patriots. It was not love of adventure
-that urged the strongest men of the North to leave home and family and
-shoulder a musket under the Stars and Stripes; nor was it a brutal love
-of combat that marshalled the best manhood of the South to the flag of
-the Confederacy. It was an impulse that no people had ever before felt.
-It was a sense of justice that was early kindled in the American Heart
-with the first tidings of the Declaration of Independence.
-
-
-[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL AMBROSE EVERETT BURNSIDE ON HIS HORSE ON
-THE BATTLEFIELD IN 1863
-
-One day during the interval between the defeat at Fredericksburg,
-Virginia, and the siege at Knoxville, Tennessee, General Burnside was
-mounted on his favorite charger, viewing his army maneuvers in the
-distance, when one of the Brady cameras was brought into focus and, with
-the General's permission, the negative was secured--General Burnside
-valued this photograph highly]
-
-
-While the anguish of the Civil War was brooding over the Nation,
-mountain and valley, plain and forest, farm and factory--from ocean to
-ocean--offered its strongest manhood in defense of the country. New
-York, the largest state in the Western World, sent the greatest number
-of men to the line of battle--448,850; then came Pennsylvania with
-337,936; Ohio with 313,180, and Illinois with 259,092. Indiana came to
-the front with 196,363; Massachusetts with 146,730, and Missouri brought
-109,111.
-
-Wisconsin offered 61,327 of her sons; Michigan, 87,364; New Jersey,
-76,814; Iowa, 76,242; Kentucky, 75,760; Maine, 70,107, and Connecticut,
-55,864.
-
-Maryland marched under the Stars and Stripes with 46,638; New Hampshire
-with 33,937, Vermont with 33,288; West Virginia, 32,068; Tennessee,
-31,092; Minnesota with 24,020; Rhode Island, 23,236, and Kansas, 20,149.
-
-From the Pacific Coast, California answered with 15,725; District of
-Columbia contributed 16,534 to the support of the Government; Delaware
-furnished 12,284 men; Arkansas, 8,289; New Mexico, 6,561. The Southern
-State of Louisiana, dear to the heart of the Confederacy, came to the
-support of the Union with 5,224; Colorado with 4,903; Nebraska, 3,157;
-North Carolina, 3,156; Alabama, 2,576. The border state of Texas sent
-1,965; far-away Oregon, 1,810; Florida, 1,290; Nevada, 1,080; Washington
-gave 964; Mississippi, 545, and Dakota, 206. These are the contributions
-of the states. The Negro Race, the freedom of which was one of the
-results of the War, supported their cause with 186,097 troops, while the
-Indian Nation sent 3,530. In the regular army there were enlisted during
-the War about 67,000 men. There were thousands of brave soldiers who
-fought in the Civil War, claiming no Commonwealth as their home, but who
-joined the ranks as Common Americans.
-
-The spirit which animated the American People is shown by several
-occasions when troops were needed to avert impending disaster, and they
-poured into the army from remote states with incredible speed. The year
-1863 witnessed the battles of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, of
-Vicksburg and Chickamauga and Chattanooga. It was the turning point in
-the struggle and Brady's cameras caught many of the most dramatic scenes
-worthy of reproduction.
-
-
-
-
-"FIGHTING Joe" Hooker is one of the notable figures of the Civil War.
-When a boy of fourteen years, he entered West Point and served in the
-Mexican War in the same regiment with "Stonewall" Jackson. His early
-life was crowded with hard fighting and when thirty-nine years of age he
-resigned from the army and went to California, where he became
-superintendent of the National Road and also entered into agriculture.
-He answered the call to arms in 1861 and entered into the defense of
-Washington. During the battles around Fair Oaks, Hooker led his men
-courageously into many daring positions. His bravery at Malvern Hill
-gave him the rank of major-general, and at Antietam he fell wounded
-before the Confederate guns while trying to force the army into a
-complete surrender. He commanded the center at Fredericksburg. On the
-twenty-sixth of January, 1863, he was appointed to the command of the
-Army of the Potomac and began its thorough reorganization. On the
-twenty-eighth of April he crossed the Rappahannock and arrived at
-Chancellorsville two days later. On the second of May, a fearful
-onslaught was made by "Stonewall" Jackson--his old comrade of the
-Mexican War as a foe. "Stonewall" Jackson was wounded by one of his own
-sentinels. His men, who were devoted to him, lost heart, and, after a
-battle of three days, Hooker succeeded in withdrawing his army in
-safety, after losses in killed, wounded and missing of 16,030 against a
-Confederate loss of 12,281. This photograph of Hooker and his staff was
-taken shortly after this battle at Chancellorsville. Hooker may be seen
-sitting in the second chair from the right. This is considered an
-excellent likeness of the warrior.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN SHORTLY AFTER THE BATTLE OF
-CHANCELLORSVILLE IN 1863--MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER AND STAFF]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ALONG LINE OF CONFEDERATE PRISONERS
-AFTER CAVALRY CHARGE IN 1863]
-
-THE retreat from Chancellorsville began on the fourth of May, in 1863.
-In the midst of a pouring rain, with ammunition wagons and cavalry
-struggling hub-deep through the mud, the Federals moved back to the
-Rappahannock. The ponderous batteries, with heavy wheels wrapped in
-blankets, passed over the road. Then came the ordnance supply trains,
-swathed in strips of cloth, followed by columns of hurrying infantry.
-During the remainder of May, neither of the armies assumed an offensive
-attitude. Lee, now in high hopes, began preparations for a second
-invasion in Maryland. Panic again seized the people of the North.
-Lincoln called on Pennsylvania for 50,000 militia; Ohio, 30,000; New
-York, 20,000; Maryland and Virginia, 10,000 each. The Army of the
-Potomac had lost all of its two years' service men and its strength did
-not reach 100,000. The Confederacy had been endeavoring for months to
-induce England to recognize it as a separate nation, but learned that it
-must first conquer Northern territory. Lee's movements began early in
-June and resulted in frequent skirmishes as he approached the Potomac.
-This photograph was taken immediately after one of these encounters at
-Aldie, Virginia, on the seventeenth of June, 1863. The Confederate
-cavalry, under "Jeb" Stuart, was guarding the passes of the Bull Run
-mountains and watching Hooker's Army. There was a succession of cavalry
-combats and many Confederates were taken prisoners. This view shows a
-group of Confederates under a Union guard composed largely of negro
-soldiers.
-
-
-
-
-IN the stirring scenes of war there is nothing more exciting than to see
-a battery take position in battle. On the sixth of June, in 1863, this
-picture was secured by the government photographers just as the
-artillery was going into action on the south bank of the Rappahannock
-River. It is one of the earliest attempts to secure a photograph at the
-instant of motion and was taken at a strategic moment during Sedgwick's
-reconnaissance. An artilleryman who remembers the day says that while a
-battery has not the thrill of the cavalry charge, nor the grimness of a
-line of bayonets moving to slaughter, there is an intense emotion about
-it that brings the tears to the eyes and the cheers to the throats of
-battle-scarred veterans. Every horse on the gallop, every rider lashing
-his team and yelling; through ugly clumps of bushes; over fallen logs
-and falling men--the sight is one that can never be forgotten. The guns
-jump from the ground as the heavy wheels strike a rock or lunge from a
-ditch, but not a horse slackens his pace, not a cannoneer loses his
-seat. Six guns, six caissons, sixty horses, eighty men race for the brow
-of the hill. Boom! Boom! The ground shakes and trembles. The roar shuts
-out all sound from a line several miles long. Shells shriek through the
-swamps, cutting down great trees, mowing deep gaps in regiments of men.
-It is like a tornado howling through the forest, followed by billows of
-fire. There are men to-day who will look upon this picture and live
-again the scenes which it recalls. Artillery is the great support of
-armies and often saves them from defeat.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS ARTILLERY WAS GOING INTO ACTION ON
-THE RAPPAHANNOCK IN 1863]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE CAPTAIN GEORGE A. CUSTER AND
-MAJOR-GENERAL ALFRED PLEASONTON WERE AT BRANDY STATION, VIRGINIA, IN
-1863]
-
-THERE have been few men in American wars more daring than General George
-A. Custer. As a cavalryman, he won a place in military history by his
-bravery. Custer was a captain on the staff of General Pleasonton during
-the operations early in 1863. This photograph was taken near Brandy
-Station, Virginia, in June, 1863. It shows Custer on his black war-horse
-conferring with Pleasonton who is astride a gray charger. The
-Confederate cavalry had succeeded in breaking a part of the Federal
-rank. Pleasonton turned in his saddle and called to Custer: "Ride to our
-right and get the battery in position to reply to these infernal guns."
-Custer spurred his horse into the thunder of cannon and the crash of
-musket and carbine volleys. "The man is lost," muttered Pleasonton.
-Suddenly, emerging from the bank of smoke, the Union batteries wheeled
-into view under the rapid fire. Custer dashed across the field. From
-that moment he became a notable figure in the war. He was then but
-twenty-three years of age, but was immediately appointed by Lincoln a
-brigadier-general of volunteers. In speaking of him, General Pleasonton
-said: "I regard Custer as one of the finest cavalry officers in the
-world, and, therefore, have placed him in command of what is no doubt
-the best cavalry brigade in the world." Custer was about six feet tall,
-with sharp blue eyes, and light hair hanging over his shoulders. He had
-a slight impediment in his speech and uttered a shrill yell as he rushed
-like an avalanche at his foe. He wore a black velvet jacket, slouched
-hat and a red scarf cravat.
-
-
-
-
-THE Army of the Potomac lay massed about the city of Frederick. Lee was
-rushing toward the Susquehanna. Hooker disagreed with Halleck at
-Washington regarding his method of attack and resigned his command,
-requesting instant release from further responsibility. Lincoln accepted
-the resignation and appointed General George G. Meade to the chief
-command. In the midst of this momentous campaign the great army changed
-leaders. This photograph was taken shortly after Meade began his
-operations. It shows him with his generals of the Army of the Potomac.
-Meade occupies the chair in the center of the picture. At this time he
-was about forty-eight years of age. He had graduated from West Point
-when nineteen years old, but resigned the following year and remained
-out of the army for the next six years, but returned in the period
-preceding the Mexican War, after which he was engaged in the survey of
-the northern lakes. He was one of the first to respond to the call in
-1861. He took part in the early engagements of the Army of the Potomac
-and was in the Battle of Mechanicsville and Gaine's Mills and the Battle
-of Newmarket Crossroads. When Hooker was wounded at Antietam, Meade took
-charge of a corps and continued the brave fight during the remainder of
-the day. He had two horses killed under him and was slightly wounded,
-but did not leave the field. At Fredericksburg he led his men boldly to
-the Confederate works. In the Battle of Chancellorsville, Meade's corps
-carried the earth-works and fought fearlessly. On the twenty-eighth day
-of June, in 1863, Meade assumed command of the Army of the Potomac. The
-tide of battle seemed to turn with his appointment and his victories are
-almost unparalleled.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHEN MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE G. MEADE
-COMMANDED THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ON THE FIELD OF GETTYSBURG AFTER THE
-BATTLE IN 1863]
-
-THE turning point of the Civil War is the Battle of Gettysburg. From
-that day the Confederate cause began to wane. Few battles of modern
-times show such great percentage of loss. Out of the one hundred and
-sixty thousand men engaged on both sides, forty-four thousand were
-killed or wounded. Brady's cameras reached the field of battle in time
-to perpetuate some of its scenes. The ghastliness of the pictures is
-such that it is with some hesitation that any of them are presented in
-these pages. It is on the horrors of war, however, that all pleas of
-peace are based. Only by depicting its gruesomeness can the age of
-arbitration be hastened. It is with this in mind that this photograph is
-here revealed. There is probably not another in existence that witnesses
-more fearful tragedy. The photograph is taken on the field of Gettysburg
-about nineteen hours after the last day's battle. It shows a Union
-soldier terribly mutilated by a shell of a Confederate gun. His arm is
-torn off and may be seen on the ground near his musket. The shell that
-killed this soldier disemboweled him in its fiendishness. This picture
-is as wonderful as it is horrible and should do more in the interest of
-peace than any possible argument. Something of the bloodshed on the
-battlefield of Gettysburg may be understood when it is considered that
-the battlefield, which covered nearly twenty-five square miles, was
-literally strewn with dead bodies, many of them mutilated even worse
-than the one in this picture. The surviving veterans of Gettysburg have
-seen war's most horrible aspects. Gallant and daring commanders led
-those brave men in that three days' inferno, from the first to the third
-of July, in 1863.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: BOROUGH OF GETTYSBURG IN 1863--SCENE OF ONE OF WORLD'S
-GREATEST CONFLICTS]
-
-[Illustration: MEADE'S HEADQUARTERS ON CEMETERY RIDGE]
-
-GETTYSBURG witnessed some of the hardest fighting that the world has
-ever seen. This photograph was taken a short time after the battle in
-1863. This little borough became a field of carnage. In the surrounding
-hills occurred the terrific conflict of Big Round Top and Little Round
-Top, Seminary Ridge and Cemetery Ridge, and Culp's Hill, the Bloody
-Wheatfield and Peach Orchard. A view is given of the little house in
-which General Meade made his headquarters. On the first day of battle
-this house was in direct range of the artillery fire rained by the
-Confederates on the Union lines just before Pickett's great charge. The
-horses of General Meade's aides were hitched to the fence and trees near
-the house. Sixteen of these horses were killed during the artillery
-fire, and their dead bodies are seen in the road.
-
-[Illustration: LEE'S HEADQUARTERS ON SEMINARY RIDGE]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: DEAD ARTILLERY HORSES AFTER FIGHT AT TROSTLE'S HOUSE AND
-BARN IN GETTYSBURG]
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE DEAD ON GETTYSBURG "WHEATFIELD"]
-
-SOME knowledge of the slaughter of Gettysburg may be gained by this
-picture of Trostle's house and barn at which was stationed a Union
-battery of light artillery. This view shows where the guns stood.
-Sixty-five of the eighty-eight artillery horses were left dead on the
-field. About this time, on the last day of the greatest battle of the
-war, Pickett made his fierce charge, which is one of the mightiest in
-history. It was witnessed by the two great armies in the middle of the
-afternoon of a summer day--a most spectacular tragedy of magnificent
-courage. It has been said that Gettysburg was the common soldier's
-battle and that its great results were due, not so much to military
-strategy as to the intelligent courage and the magnificent heroism of
-the brave soldiers.
-
-[Illustration: SHATTERED CAISSON--GETTYSBURG "PEACH ORCHARD"]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: DEAD AMONG THE ROCKS OF LITTLE ROUND TOP ON GETTYSBURG
-BATTLEFIELD]
-
-[Illustration: DEAD SHARPSHOOTER IN "DEVIL'S DEN" ON LITTLE ROUND TOP AT
-GETTYSBURG]
-
-[Illustration: UNCOVERED CONFEDERATE GRAVE AT GETTYSBURG]
-
-GETTYSBURG is the "Waterloo of the American Continent." A photograph is
-here shown of the dead soldiers lying on the battlefield. To silence
-Hazlett's Battery, which was posted on the summit of Little Round Top,
-the Confederates pushed their sharpshooters among the rocks in the
-mountain. A few hours before these photographs were taken one of these
-sharpshooters mortally wounded General Weed, who was directing the
-movement of his troops from the summit. Lieutenant Hazlett, who was an
-old schoolmate of the fallen general, was commanding the battery and
-hastened to take the dying words of his friend and comrade, when he,
-too, fell dead, pierced by a bullet from the dread sharpshooters. Like a
-flash the guns of the battery were turned on the "Devil's Den" from
-which came the fatal shots as this picture attests.
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE DEAD IN "WHEATFIELD" AT GETTYSBURG]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: EARTHWORKS AT CULP'S HILL AT GETTYSBURG IN 1863]
-
-[Illustration: TENTS ALONG RIVER FRONT AT VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI, IN
-1863]
-
-[Illustration: BATTLEFIELD OF BIG BLACK RIVER IN MISSISSIPPI IN 1863]
-
-AS the tide of battle drifted to the West in 1863, the war photographers
-hurried to the region of the Mississippi. Grant had been pursuing his
-operations toward Vicksburg. With Sherman and McClernand, he was
-maneuvering to take the key to the South by storm. A photograph is here
-shown of Champion Hills near Big Black River territory, on the outskirts
-of Vicksburg, where the armies first met. The Confederates held a strong
-line of earthworks on the eastern bank of the river. The Federals,
-before a heavy fire of musketry, crossed a ditch, delivered a terrific
-volley, and clambered over the breastworks with empty muskets. The
-Confederates, in falling back, found that their comrades had set fire to
-both of the bridges and were compelled to surrender. Two thousand
-prisoners, eighteen pieces of artillery, six thousand stand of small
-arms, and many commissary stores were captured. General Lawler's Brigade
-led the charge. The battle lasted four hours. On the eighteenth of May,
-1863, the Federals began crossing the Big Black by felling trees on both
-banks so that they tumbled into the river and interlaced, using bales of
-cotton instead of boats. On the morning of the twenty-second, with
-furious cannonading, the last assault on the defences of Vicksburg was
-made. This campaign is a remarkable military exploit. In twenty days
-Grant crossed the Mississippi River with his entire force, moved into
-the rear of Vicksburg, fought and won four distinct battles, captured
-the State Capitol, and destroyed the Confederate arsenals and
-manufactories. His troops marched one hundred eighty miles with only
-five days' rations from the quartermaster, and captured over six
-thousand prisoners, twenty-seven cannon and sixty-one field pieces. All
-this was accomplished by forty thousand brave men against sixty
-thousand.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: BOMB-PROOF CAMP IN UNION LINES IN FRONT OF VICKSBURG]
-
-[Illustration: BEHIND THE ENTRENCHMENT AT BATTERY SHERMAN BEFORE
-VICKSBURG]
-
-THE Confederate works held by Pemberton at Vicksburg were seven miles
-long. Grant's lines about the city extended over fifteen miles.
-Commander Porter brought down all his mortar boats on the Mississippi
-and began a fusilade of six thousand mortar shells a day, while the land
-batteries threw four thousand. In the meantime, famine stalked through
-Vicksburg on the thirty-sixth day of the siege. Mule and dog meat, with
-bean flour and corn coffee formed the daily fare. The earth trembled
-under the concussions from the Army and Navy cannon and the entire
-forest was set on fire. The Confederate general, on the morning of July
-third, proposed an armistice, preparatory to recapitulation. Grant met
-the Confederate commander under an oak tree. At ten o'clock on the
-morning of July fourth, General Logan began a march into Vicksburg and
-hoisted the American ensign over the court-house. The fall of Vicksburg
-and the defeat of Lee at Gettysburg occurred on the same day and lifted
-the hearts of the Northern people to a sense of thanksgiving, for it was
-believed that the war was now over. During the siege the Confederate
-loss was fifty-six thousand men. Grant captured more than sixty thousand
-muskets, light and heavy artillery, with a vast amount of other
-property, such as locomotives, cars, steamboats and cotton. The Federal
-loss during the siege was about 9,000 killed, wounded and missing. The
-war cameras followed the Union Army into the captured city and the old
-negatives vividly picture the conditions. A camera was taken to the
-bomb-proof quarters of Logan's Division and into Battery Sherman. These
-negatives are here reproduced. About this same time several cameras were
-taken into the far South and one of the first negatives was taken at Big
-Black River Station in Mississippi and another at New Orleans when the
-commissioned officers of the 19th Iowa Infantry were being brought in
-from Camp Ford, Texas, as exchanged prisoners of war.
-
-[Illustration: PRISONERS OF WAR FROM TEXAS]
-
-[Illustration: BIG BLACK RIVER STATION IN MISSISSIPPI]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: BOMB-PROOF AT FORT WAGNER UNDER HEAVY FIRE IN 1863]
-
-THE Government at Washington believed that it was now time to secure the
-reparation for the firing on Fort Sumter which had precipitated the War.
-Sumter, during the entire conflict had been the center of a radius of
-forts which now had over three hundred guns mostly of the heaviest
-caliber. It held a strong position on the Atlantic Coast and protected
-the land movements about South Carolina. Fort Sumter barred the main
-channel. On Sullivan's Island were Fort Moultrie, Fort Beauregard,
-Battery Bee and sand bag batteries at the extremity. On James Island
-stood Fort Johnson, Fort Ripley and smaller forts. Castle Pinckney lay
-in front of the city, and on Morris Island there were Battery Gregg,
-Fort Wagner, and a battery on Lighthouse Inlet. All the channels were
-blocked with huge iron chains, and an immense hawser buoyed with empty
-casks, extended from Fort Sumter to Fort Ripley, the entire harbor being
-blocked with torpedoes. Brady's cameras lay in the Union lines and
-occasionally were ventured toward the Confederate fortifications. Many
-negatives of exteriors were obtained at a distance. After the forts fell
-into the Government control the cameras were taken behind the
-breast-works. These remarkable negatives are now exhibited and reveal
-the secrets of the Confederates. The picture of the bomb-proof at Fort
-Wagner, under heavy fire in 1863, reveals the ingenuity of the engineers
-in both armies in utilizing every available substance in protecting the
-soldiers. The Confederates constructed many strong fortifications and
-they fell only under the severest bombardment from the heaviest guns of
-the Federal troops.
-
-[Illustration: FORT JOHNSON ON JAMES' ISLAND IN 1863]
-
-[Illustration: FORT MARSHALL ON SULLIVAN'S ISLAND IN 1863]
-
-[Illustration: INTERIOR OF FORT MOULTRIE ON SULLIVAN'S ISLAND]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: 300-POUNDER PARROTT GUN IN BATTERY STRONG AFTER BURSTING
-OF MUZZLE]
-
-[Illustration: BATTERY BROWN--TWO 8-INCH PARROTT RIFLES, ONE OF WHICH
-BURST DURING BOMBARDMENT]
-
-[Illustration: FIVE 10-INCH SIEGE MORTARS IN BATTERY REYNOLDS FIRING
-AGAINST FORT SUMTER]
-
-[Illustration: NAVAL BATTERY OF TWO 80-P0UNDER WHITWORTH'S--BREECHING
-BATTERY AGAINST FORT SUMTER]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: SECTION OF BIRCHMEYER'S BATTERY IN SECOND PARALLEL]
-
-[Illustration: FORT SUMTER IN RUINS AFTER BOMBARDMENT IN 1863]
-
-[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL QUINCY A. GILLMORE AND STAFF IN 1863]
-
-EARLY in 1863 the Government decided that Fort Sumter must be reduced.
-Admiral Dahlgren was given full charge of the undertaking. On the
-eighteenth of July, the land forces under General Quincy A. Gillmore
-began siege. He erected batteries across Morris Island and commenced
-fire on Fort Wagner while Dahlgren attacked both Fort Wagner and Fort
-Sumter. Fort Wagner responded with only two guns which led Gillmore to
-believe that the Confederates were demoralized. The Federal troops were
-within two hundred yards of the fort before the Confederates opened
-grape fire. A flash of musketry blazed from the parapet. The daring
-Federals rushed at the fort and clambered up the exterior slope. It was
-here that Joseph Alvan Wooster, color bearer for the Sixth Connecticut,
-performed the valiant deed that cost him his life. He climbed along in
-advance of the line and triumphantly placed his flag on the parapet. A
-Confederate soldier sprang forward and placed the muzzle of his musket
-on Wooster's heart and fired. General Putnam rushed to the rescue with a
-brigade, only to be killed, with nearly every commissioned officer in
-his command. The remnants of Strong's and Putnam's command retired,
-having lost over half of their strength. General Gillmore, and his
-staff, in charge of the land forces at Charleston allowed the war
-photographers to turn the lens on them in camp. The general was born in
-Black River, Loraine County, Ohio, and had graduated from West Point. In
-1861 he was placed on General W. T. Sherman's staff on the South
-Carolina Expedition. During February, 1862, he commenced operations for
-the attack of Fort Pulaski, on the Savannah River, Georgia. On April 28,
-1862, he was promoted to a brigadier-generalship of volunteers. In
-September, 1862, he was ordered to the West as Commander of the District
-of Western Virginia, of the Department of the Ohio. He was afterwards
-assigned to the command of one of the Divisions of the Army of Kentucky.
-He assumed command of Department of South Carolina June 12, 1863.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: THE 8-INCH PARROTT RIFLE GUN. "SWAMP ANGEL" AFTER
-BURSTING]
-
-ON the ninth of August the Federal cannon were within three hundred and
-thirty yards of Fort Wagner and the guns were trained on Fort Sumter and
-Battery Gregg. General Gillmore had a small battery placed in a marsh
-west of Morris Island, on which was an eight-inch Parrott Gun nick-named
-the "Swamp Angel." It had a range of five miles and threw its enormous
-shells into the city of Charleston. The Confederate fortifications were
-reinforced by General Beauregard and maintained a continuous fire from
-over two hundred guns. On the seventeenth of August, Gillmore had twelve
-heavy guns on Morris Island, and the simultaneous assault by batteries
-and infantry was directed against Fort Sumter. For seven days this
-terrible fusilade continued. Over one hundred thousand shells and shot
-were thrown into the fort which was battered into ruins. The bombardment
-of Fort Sumter was begun on the fifth of September and continued for
-forty-two hours. An assault was planned for the ninth, but when daylight
-came it was found that several forts were abandoned. It was supposed
-that Fort Sumter was tenantless. A boat load of soldiers was sent to
-take possession. As they landed, a terrific volley of musketry was
-fired. The Confederates fought like tigers from covered positions in the
-ruins of the fort. The Federals abandoned the attempt without further
-molestation, satisfied with the destruction they had wrought and the
-successful blockade of Charleston Harbor. The views engraved by the lens
-on these pages lay the actual scenes of destruction before the eyes of
-the world. The "Swamp Angel" was one of the demons of war. Piles were
-driven, a platform was laid upon them, and a parapet was built with bags
-of sand, fifteen thousand being required. All this had to be done after
-dark, and occupied fourteen nights. Then, with great labor, the
-eight-inch rifled gun was dragged across the swamp and mounted on this
-platform. It was nearly five miles from Charleston, but by firing with a
-high elevation was able to reach the lower part of the city. The
-soldiers named this gun the "Swamp Angel." Late in August it was ready
-for work, and, after giving notice for the removal of non-combatants,
-General Gillmore opened fire, and produced great consternation, but at
-the thirty-sixth discharge the "Swamp Angel" burst, and was never
-replaced.
-
-[Illustration: BATTERED EXTERIOR OF FORT SUMTER]
-
-[Illustration: DESTRUCTION AFTER BOMBARDMENT OF SUMTER]
-
-[Illustration: WRECKED INTERIOR OF FORT SUMTER]
-
-[Illustration: DISMOUNTED CANNON AT FORT SUMTER]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: DESTROYED RAILROAD BRIDGE, BRIDGEPORT, ALABAMA--PONTOON
-IN COURSE OF CONSTRUCTION]
-
-[Illustration: BLOCKHOUSES AND ARMY BRIDGE ACROSS TENNESSEE RIVER NEAR
-CHATTANOOGA]
-
-[Illustration: ON BATTLEFIELD OF CHICKAMAUGA CREEK--LEE AND GORDON'S
-MILLS]
-
-WHEN Vicksburg fell, the cheering along the Federal lines in the
-Mississippi Campaign aroused the attention of the Confederate pickets
-until it was carried clear through to Louisiana, where the Confederate
-forces were concentrated at Port Hudson. General Banks had succeeded
-Butler at New Orleans and was co-operating with Grant on the Mississippi
-to take possession of the Red River region and expel the Confederate
-forces from Louisiana and Texas. The siege of Port Hudson had been hard
-fought. The Confederates under General Gardner agreed that if Vicksburg
-had fallen their surrender was the only thing left for them. On the
-ninth of July, in 1863, the Confederate general at Port Hudson with
-visible emotion tendered his sword. It was declined because his bravery
-entitled him to retain it. The Federals were now in the entire
-possession of the Mississippi. While Grant's Army had been pounding at
-the gates of Vicksburg, Rosecranz was maneuvering with Bragg at
-Murfreesboro, Tennessee. For six months these two armies stood
-confronted, but met only in severe skirmishes. Rosecranz compelled Bragg
-to fall back from one place to another. He was driven through middle
-Tennessee, to Bridgeport, Alabama, where he crossed the Tennessee River,
-burned the bridge behind him and entered Chattanooga. The Brady cameras
-were in the Union lines and arrived in time to secure this negative of
-the ruined bridge and the pontoon bridge that was being built by the
-Union forces in pursuit of Bragg. A clash came at Chickamauga, a point
-about twelve miles from Chattanooga, on the nineteenth and twentieth of
-September, in 1863. It has been called the greatest battle of the West.
-The cannonading and the musketry was at close range and the Federal
-lines were being swept back when General Thomas and his men made the
-heroic stand that saved the Federal Army from destruction, after a loss
-of 15,851, killed, wounded and missing. The Confederate victory was
-gained at the cost of 17,804.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: BATTLEGROUND OF MISSIONARY RIDGE NEAR CHATTANOOGA,
-TENNESSEE, TWO DAYS AFTER BATTLE]
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE PRISONERS AT CHATTANOOGA]
-
-CHICKAMAUGA has been called the greatest battle in the West. When the
-smoke of the conflict had lifted, the war photographers found the
-Federal Army closed up in Chattanooga. The Confederate general moved to
-cut off all communication to the Federal lines, seizing roads,
-destroying the bridges and preventing access to Nashville where the base
-of supplies had been located. The Army of the Cumberland was reduced to
-the verge of starvation. Not less than 10,000 horses and mules perished.
-Grant was given command of the department of the Mississippi, comprising
-the armies and departments of the Ohio, Tennessee and Cumberland. He
-telegraphed to Thomas: "Hold Chattanooga at all hazards." The hero of
-Chattanooga replied: "I will hold the town until we starve."
-
-[Illustration: BLOCKHOUSES NEAR CHATTANOOGA]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT IN MISSISSIPPI CAMPAIGN, 1863]
-
-[Illustration: "BATTLE ABOVE THE CLOUDS" ON LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN IN
-TENNESSEE--ENGINEERS OF ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND IN CAMP]
-
-THE war cameras reached Nashville on the same day that Grant entered the
-city, October 21, 1863, and followed him closely throughout the
-campaign. Grant hurried to Chattanooga and found the troops without
-shoes or clothing, and all food exhausted. He telegraphed to Burnside to
-hold Knoxville and appealed to Admiral Porter at Cairo to send gunboats
-to convey transports carrying rations from St. Louis for Sherman's Army,
-which was moving up from the Mississippi. Bragg was entrenched on
-Missionary Ridge, extending along the crest and across Chattanooga
-Valley to Lookout Mountain. The Confederate fortifications were very
-strong and their lines reached over the Raccoon Mountain. The war
-cameras were taken to the foothills of Lookout Mountain, where an
-engineers' brigade of the Army of the Cumberland was encamped. Grant
-succumbed to appeals to stand before the camera and the negative is here
-reproduced. The haggard expression on his face shows the tremendous
-responsibility that rested upon him. On the twenty-third of November, in
-1863, long lines of infantry moved forward and the heavy guns opened
-fire. The Federal lines flashed across the valley sweeping everything
-before them, pushing the Confederate skirmish line from their rifle
-pits, to the foothills of Lookout Mountain. On the twenty-fourth, Grant
-stood on the top of Orchard Knob, watching Hooker's men rush to the side
-of Lookout Mountain, leaping from one rocky ledge to another, scrambling
-over huge boulders, and through deep chasms in a rain of solid shot and
-shell. They charged almost to the muzzle of the enemy's cannon, gaining
-ground foot by foot, until at last they reached the foot of the
-Palisades, and were finally lost in the mist that veiled the mountain.
-For three hours the battle raged above the clouds. At sunset the mist
-disappeared and moonlight fell on old Lookout. The Confederate forces
-could be seen occupying the summit. Hooker's men scaled the Palisades.
-The Confederates withdrew into the woods and sought the protection of
-the night. At sunrise, on the twenty-fifth of November, these Kentucky
-soldiers unfurled the Stars and Stripes. A great cheer arose from the
-army in the valley.
-
-
-
-
-THE Battle of Lookout Mountain is the most spectacular in history. It
-was impossible to carry the war camera over its rugged heights. Had they
-succeeded in getting to the summit, the mist that enveloped the valley
-would have made it impossible to have secured a single scene of the
-great conflict. The Federals occupied a strong position on the mountain,
-looking across the Chattanooga Valley to Missionary Ridge, where Bragg
-had concentrated his entire army. The twenty-fifth of November was a
-magnificent day. Seldom has a battle begun under a brighter sun. The
-Confederate artillery frowned from the summit of Missionary Ridge. The
-glittering steel of Hooker's men flashed on Lookout Mountain. The
-Cumberland veterans under Thomas were a solemn phalanx in the valley
-while Sherman's compact lines were eager for the charge. On the top of
-Orchard Knob stood Grant's bugler and the echoes of the "Forward" signal
-fell into the valley, being taken up by the other buglers in melodious
-refrain. Hooker's men moved down the eastern slope of Lookout Mountain,
-sweeping across the valley in grand lines. Bragg's batteries were
-centered on Sherman, who swept his men heroically forward over a
-succession of low hills.
-
-
-[Illustration: GENERALS GRANT, SHERMAN, SHERIDAN, HOOKER, HARNEY, DODGE,
-GIBBON, POTTER, AT FORT SANDERS]
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY CAPTURED AT MISSIONARY
-RIDGE--PARKED NEAR CHATTANOOGA]
-
-
-UNDER fire from the Confederates, Corse's Brigade struggled desperately
-for an hour and a half without gaining advantage, while Generals Loomis
-and Smith took possession of Missionary Ridge. At two in the afternoon
-occurred one of the most impressing spectacles ever witnessed on a
-battlefield. Union soldiers with fixed bayonets rushed into the storm of
-shell without firing a shot until after the skirmish line had been taken
-and the Sixth Brigade swept over the Confederate rifle pits. The men
-flung themselves to the earth to avoid the volleys of canister, grape
-and musketry that were hurled upon them. At sunset Sherman held Bragg's
-right in check; Hooker was driving at his left. The final assault on his
-center was begun and in twenty minutes Missionary Ridge was belching
-flames. Every Confederate gun and cannon was in action. The Federal
-soldiers rushed into the very mouth of death, reaching the crest,
-breaching the Confederate lines until they gave way and retreated. The
-cannon which they abandoned were swung and turned upon them. The victory
-had cost the Union Army 5,616, killed, wounded and missing, against a
-Confederate loss of 8,684.
-
-
-
-
-THE siege of Knoxville, Tennessee, was raised late in 1863. When the
-news of Bragg's defeat at Chattanooga reached Longstreet, who was
-besieging Knoxville, he knew that Grant would now send Burnside relief.
-Bragg decided to carry the city by storm. The attack was to be made on
-Fort Sanders, a Federal fort of great strength, containing twenty-six
-guns. The Confederate columns forced their way through a network of wire
-that had been wound from stump to stump, until they finally reached the
-parapet. A Confederate officer sprang to the summit with the flag of his
-regiment and demanded surrender. Pierced by a shower of bullets, his
-body rolled into the ditch, his hand clutching the flagstaff. The
-Confederates charged again only to be repulsed. Under a flag of truce
-the fighting ceased while Longstreet's men carried away their dead,
-dying and wounded. Grant had ordered twenty thousand men under General
-Granger to the rescue of the besieged city, but they failed to start,
-and Sherman hurried to the relief. He reached Knoxville on the fifth of
-December and found the siege reduced and Longstreet had started for
-Virginia. Sherman's troops had marched four hundred miles to fight at
-Chattanooga, then marched one hundred and two miles to compel the
-Confederates to retire from Knoxville. When the news reached the North,
-Grant was hailed as the Nation's saviour. Congress bestowed upon him a
-gold medal, while Bragg, the Confederate general, went down before a
-storm of indignation in the South. One of the war cameras shortly after
-the battle was placed on the parapet of Fort Sanders, and this negative
-of the ruins was taken, showing the University of Tennessee.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN OVER THE RUINS AT KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE,
-IN 1863, FROM FORT SANDERS]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: LIBBY PRISON AT RICHMOND CROWDED WITH UNION PRISONERS IN
-1864]
-
-[Illustration: ANDERSONVILLE PRISON WITH ITS "DEAD LINE" AND "BROOK"]
-
-IT is estimated that 188,000 Union soldiers and sailors endured the
-hardships of the sixteen Confederate prisons during the Civil War. In
-the prison yards are 36,401 graves. 11,599 of those released from
-prisons died before reaching their homes, and 12,000 after reaching
-home--making 60,000 lives sacrificed in Confederate prisons. Several
-estimates place the deaths as high as 80,000. Strange as it may seem,
-the war photographers succeeded in taking their cameras behind prison
-walls. Three of these remarkable negatives are here revealed. The first
-one was taken at Libby prison, Richmond, where most of the commissioned
-officers were confined. In Libby, men were often shot for approaching
-near enough to a window for a sentry to see their heads. The other two
-were secured within the "dead line" at Andersonville prison in Georgia.
-It was an open stockade with little or no shelter, covering about 30
-acres. The palisade was of pine logs 15 feet high, closely set together.
-Outside of this, at a distance of 120 feet, was another palisade, and
-between the two were the guards. About 20 feet from the inner stockade
-was a railing known as the "dead line," and any prisoner who passed it
-was instantly shot. A small stream flowed through the enclosure and
-furnished the prisoners their only supply of water. The cook houses and
-camp of the guards were placed on this stream, above the stockade.
-Starvation and disease drove many of the prisoners mad and they wandered
-across the "dead line" to end their misery. Fugitives were followed by
-horsemen and tracked by a large pack of blood hounds. The crowded
-condition of the prisons at the beginning of 1864 was appalling. There
-were as many as 33,000 hungry and dying men confined in Andersonville at
-one time, which gave a space of about four feet square to each man. Some
-of the other Confederate prisons were at Salisbury, North Carolina, at
-Florence, South Carolina, on Belle Island in the James River, at Tyler,
-Texas, at Millen, Georgia, and at Columbia, South Carolina. At Belle
-Isle the prisoners were packed so close that when they lay sleeping no
-one could turn over until the whole line agreed to turn simultaneously.
-While many imaginary pictures have been drawn from descriptions of
-Andersonville, it has remained for the lens to to engrave the actual
-scenes, and they are here perpetuated by the negatives.
-
-[Illustration: ANDERSONVILLE PRISON WITH ITS STOCKADE AND GUARD TOWERS]
-
-
-
-
-AMERICANS are the most loyal people on the face of the earth.
-Self-government encourages fidelity to Home and Country. In a nation
-where the _citizens are the Government_, patriotism cannot die. Unfurl
-the flag of a monarchy and there will be a dutiful reverence to it.
-Unfurl the Stars and Stripes of the Republic and there will arise a
-mighty ovation that thrills from the hearts of men--a spontaneous
-outburst that has never been heard except under the Emblem of Freedom.
-Liberty is everywhere the mother of patriots.
-
-
-[Illustration: SURGEONS ADMINISTERING TO THE WOUNDED]
-
-[Illustration: LIVES SACRIFICED FOR THEIR COUNTRY]
-
-[Illustration: BURIAL OF THE DEAD HEROES]
-
-PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN ON THE BATTLEFIELDS DURING THE CIVIL WAR IN THE UNITED
-STATES
-
-
-In the Civil War the heart of American Citizenship was put to the test
-and it was found "tried and true." The first call for volunteers came on
-April 15, 1861 for 75,000 militia for three months, and 91,816 men
-answered. The second call was on May 3, 1861, when Lincoln asked for
-500,000 men and the reply was 700,680. The third call on July 2, 1862
-for 300,000 troops for three years' service to their country brought
-421,465. The fourth call on August 4, 1862, for nine months' service met
-the response of 87,588 men. Under the fifth proclamation, on June 15,
-1863, for militia for six months' service, the ranks were recruited by
-16,361 men. The calls of October 17, 1863, and February 1, 1864, brought
-369,380 men. Under the call of March 14, 1864, came 292,193 men; between
-April 23 and July 18, 1864, there were 83,612 mustered into the United
-States' service. Lincoln's appeal to the manhood of the Nation on July
-18, 1864 was met by 386,461 men. The last call for volunteers came on
-December 19, 1864, and 212,212 patriots marched to the battle ground to
-help strike the last blow of the conflict. The willingness with which
-these men offered their lives to their country is the greatest tribute
-that can ever be paid to American patriotism. After the disasters on the
-Peninsula over 80,000 troops were enlisted, organized, armed, and
-marched to the battleground within four weeks. An army of 90,000
-infantry came to the front from the five states of Ohio, Indiana,
-Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin, within twenty days. In many instances
-over 60,000 recruits fell into line in less than a month. At the last
-moment of the War, and to the very scene of surrender, thousands of men
-were pouring into the field.
-
-If the world could have looked upon the marvelous spectacle of all the
-men who took part in the Civil War, marching five abreast, the
-triumphant procession would have stretched from the Atlantic, across the
-Continent, to the Pacific--a grand pageant of 1,696 regiments, six
-companies infantry; 272 regiments, two companies cavalry; 78 regiments,
-two companies artillery. The boys who wore the Gray could have
-intercepted this procession by another magnificent pageant reaching from
-the Canadian borders to the mountains of Mexico.
-
-The war cameras during 1864 were taxed to their utmost. It was the
-hardest test that had ever been given the new science of photography.
-The thrilling story of this closing year is told in the rare old
-negatives in these pages--actual photographs taken at the scene of
-battle.
-
-
-
-
-THE last days of 1863 were inactive. The armies in the East were going
-into winter quarters. Brady's men had experienced a hard year with their
-cameras, but had perpetuated many tragic incidents. One of the cameras
-was held in winter quarters at Rappahannock Station until early in 1864.
-It was used in recording conditions in camp and one of its negatives is
-here reproduced. This camp was occupied by the 50th New York Engineers.
-It was the duty of these engineers to construct roads, bridges and
-fortifications, and their services in the Civil War were of great
-importance. An interesting feature of this photograph is the row of
-pontoon boats on wheels. These pontoons are vessels, used to support the
-roadway of floating bridges. The boats were a small, substantial frame
-of wood, light of weight, and easily transported overland. By stretching
-them across a river an army could begin its movement to the other side
-within half an hour on reaching the banks. A pontoon train of the army
-carries about one hundred yards of pontoon bridge for each army corps,
-including the boats, roadway planks, etc. Early in the spring of 1864
-the skirmishing began for what promised to be the deadliest year of the
-Civil War. Sherman organized his expedition in February against
-Meridian, Mississippi, a position of great importance to the
-Confederacy, as it controlled the railroad communications with Mobile
-and Wilmington. Banks began his Red River expedition in March. Meade's
-columns crossed the Rapidan River, in Virginia, in May. Grant was placed
-in command of all the United States armies in the field on March 1,
-1864, while Sherman was given command of Federal armies in the West.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN WINTER QUARTERS AT RAPPAHANNOCK
-STATION, VIRGINIA, IN 1864]
-
-
-
-
-THE first great conflict of 1864 occurred on the fifth of May when the
-Army of the Potomac met Lee's forces in the Battle of the Wilderness. It
-was a virgin forest of oak and pine, choked with dense undergrowth. The
-Federal soldiers knew nothing of its entanglements, but the Confederates
-had full knowledge of the roads and wagon paths intersecting the woods.
-It was so dense that the troops found it necessary at times to move in
-single file. The artillery and cavalry had great difficulty in getting
-into the encounter, and in one of the sallies nearly all the men and
-horses were killed. The battle was deadly. Regiments shot into their own
-ranks as they fled through forest and undergrowth, becoming separated
-from the main line. General Longstreet, of the Confederate Army, was
-shot and severely wounded by his own men. Tremendous volleys of musketry
-rang through the woods. Dead leaves and branches were swept with flames.
-Men lost their way and wandered into the enemy's lines. So rapid was the
-fire that the muskets became hot and blistered the fingers of the
-soldiers. The losses in this great two-days' battle cannot be stated
-accurately. One estimate places the Union killed, wounded and missing at
-18,387 and the Confederate, 11,400. On the afternoon of the seventh of
-May, Grant moved his army toward Spottsylvania Court House, fifteen
-miles southeast of the Wilderness Battlefield, with the intent of
-getting between the enemy and Richmond and compelling Lee to fight at a
-disadvantage. It was during these maneuvers that this photograph was
-taken while the artillery was stationed at the edge of the forest. The
-negative was taken in the full light of the noonday sun in the Spring of
-1864.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE ARTILLERY WAS AT EDGE OF WOODS
-NEAR BATTLE OF WILDERNESS IN 1864]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: GENERAL MEADE AND GENERAL SEDGWICK WITH STAFF OFFICERS AT
-RAPPAHANNOCK STATION, MARCH, 1864]
-
-[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL G. K. WARREN AND STAFF AT BEVERLY HOUSE,
-SPOTTSYLVANIA]
-
-[Illustration: LOOKING TOWARDS SPOTTSYLVANIA COURT HOUSE FROM BEVERLY
-HOUSE, HEADQUARTERS OF GENERAL WARREN IN MAY, 1864]
-
-[Illustration: GERMANIA FORD, RAPIDAN RIVER, WHERE TROOPS CROSSED IN
-GRANT'S CAMPAIGN AGAINST RICHMOND BEFORE BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN SEDGWICK AND STAFF--SEDGWICK WAS
-KILLED AT SPOTTSYLVANIA IN 1864]
-
-[Illustration: GENERALS OF THE CAVALRY CORPS--SHERIDAN, MERRITT, DAVIS,
-GREGG, TORBERT AND WILSON]
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE DEAD ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF SPOTTSYLVANIA
-COURT HOUSE IN 1864]
-
-BOTH armies faced each other in full force at Spottsylvania Court House
-in the forenoon of the ninth of May, 1864. The Brady cameras arrived
-with the Government supply trains and perpetuated the historic scenes.
-While the Union lines were placing their batteries, they were annoyed by
-sharpshooters, and General Sedgwick was killed. His death was a great
-loss to the Federals, just as Jackson's had crippled the Confederacy.
-During the first day at Spottsylvania the Federals lost fully 10,000
-men, while the Confederates' loss was very nearly 9,000. The unburied
-bodies of 3,000 men lay scattered along the slopes of the ridges and
-under the trees. Out of the 200,000 Federals and Confederates who rushed
-into battle on the fifth of May, 43,000 were either dead, wounded, or
-prisoners, after three days of fighting. During the week the fighting
-extended along the Fredericksburg road, Laurel Hill and Ny River,
-reaching to Swift Creek and Cloyd's Mountain. The Army of the Potomac,
-since it crossed the Rapidan River, had lost nearly one-fourth of its
-men in the brief space of eight days, and now had a fighting force of
-only 87,000. The photograph of the Confederate dead was taken near
-Spottsylvania Court House, May 12, 1864, after Ewell's attack.
-
-[Illustration: SLING CART USED IN HAULING CAPTURED CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY
-AT DREWRY'S BLUFF ON THE JAMES RIVER IN 1864]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: DUTCH GAP CANAL ENTERING JAMES RIVER IN VIRGINIA--BUILT
-UNDER SEVERE FIRE]
-
-[Illustration: OBSTRUCTIONS IN JAMES RIVER NEAR DREWRY'S BLUFF]
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE FORT DARLING AT DREWRY'S BLUFF]
-
-[Illustration: AIKEN'S LANDING, WHERE PRISONERS WERE EXCHANGED]
-
-WHILE Grant was moving toward Richmond from the north, Butler was
-forcing his way from Yorktown on the south, threatening Richmond from
-the peninsula as McClellan had done two years before. It was at this
-time that the photographs here shown were taken in May, 1864. Butler
-succeeded in destroying part of the road from Petersburg to Richmond. He
-received word that Lee was in full retreat for Richmond, with Grant
-close upon his heels. One of the extreme southern positions in the
-defense of Richmond was Fort Darling at Drewry's Bluff. On the
-thirteenth of May, Butler succeeded in carrying a portion of the outer
-lines, capturing a considerable amount of artillery, but on the
-sixteenth he was repulsed and fell back upon Bermuda Hundred. A powerful
-Confederate battery on the James River barred the bridge toward
-Richmond. Butler conceived the idea of cutting a canal through the
-narrow neck of land known as Dutch Gap for the passage of the monitors.
-A photograph was taken of this canal, which was constructed under a
-severe and continuous fire. The dredge and steam pump used were
-bomb-proof. The greater part of the excavation was done by colored
-troops, who sought cover, from the bombardment of the enemy, in earthen
-dugouts that covered the site of the work. The canal was only 174 yards
-long, 43 yards wide at the top, 27 yards at the water level, and 13 5/10
-yards at a depth of 15 feet below water level. It cut off 4-3/4 miles of
-river navigation and the excavation was nearly 67,000 cubic yards. The
-war photographers secured many negatives of these operations and several
-of the most important ones are shown on these pages. One of them was
-taken at Aiken's Landing, where the flag-of-truce boat from Richmond
-came to discharge her cargo of poor, starved, and often dying Union
-prisoners, and received in exchange the same number of healthy, well-fed
-rebels from our guards. Two or three rough old canal boats, and the grim
-old monitor there at anchor, but above all the glorious old Stars and
-Stripes, and on the shore the loving hearts and kindly hands of friends.
-The soldiers called it "the gate into God's country."
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PONTOON BRIDGE AT JERICHO MILLS ON NORTH ANNA RIVER,
-VIRGINIA]
-
-[Illustration: HEADQUARTERS OF GRANT AND MEADE AT MASSAPONAX CHURCH,
-VIRGINIA]
-
-[Illustration: COUNCIL OF WAR AT MASSAPONAX CHURCH, VIRGINIA, IN
-1864--GENERALS GRANT AND MEADE, ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF WAR DANA AND
-STAFF OFFICERS]
-
-AFTER the battle of Spottsylvania Court House the war photographers
-exposed many negatives, during the five days that the relative positions
-of the two armies remained unchanged. Grant and Lee were engaged in
-brilliant strategy. Grant had thrown out his left until it rested on
-Massaponax Church. While the great General was in council of war at this
-place on the twenty-first of May, 1864, a remarkable photograph was
-taken. In the reproduction on this page it will be seen that the pews
-have been brought out under the trees and the officers are gathered to
-discuss the situation. Grant is sitting on the bench against the trees.
-With him are General Meade, Assistant Secretary of War, Charles A. Dana,
-and the staff officers. This was a critical time. The Union losses had
-been heavy and Lee had not yet been outwitted. This photograph is of
-much historic significance. In advance of Grant's movements, General
-Sheridan had started on a raid, with 10,000 sabres, and reaching the
-North Anna River, captured Beaver Dam Station, destroyed ten miles of
-railroad track and three freight trains containing a million and a half
-Confederate rations. Here he was fiercely assaulted by "Jeb" Stuart, but
-he succeeded in crossing the North Anna River by Ground-Squirrel Bridge
-and proceeded toward Richmond as far as Yellow Tavern, six miles from
-the Confederate Capital. Stuart fell mortally wounded and died in the
-city of Richmond. Sheridan then attempted to capture the works around
-Richmond, and Custer crossed the first line and seized two pieces of
-artillery and one hundred prisoners. Lee had fallen back from the North
-Anna River and assumed a position still covering Richmond. A photograph
-was taken of the pontoon bridge constructed across the North Anna River
-at Jericho Mills, where General Warren's five corps crossed on the
-twenty-third of May. The Federal base of supplies was shifted to the
-White House on the Pamunkey River where the remainder of the Federal
-Army crossed on the twenty-eighth of May, followed by the war cameras.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: BATTLEFIELD AT RESACA, IN GEORGIA, MAY 13-16, 1864]
-
-[Illustration: BATTLEFIELD OF NEW HOPE CHURCH, IN GEORGIA, MAY 25 TO
-JUNE 4, 1864]
-
-[Illustration: BATTLEGROUND ON KENESAW MOUNTAIN, GEORGIA, IN JULY, 1864]
-
-WHILE Grant was moving on toward Richmond, Sherman's armies of Arkansas,
-Cumberland, Ohio and Tennessee, with 352,000 men distributed in many
-garrisons over this wide expanse of territory, was moving against
-Atlanta, Georgia. Opposed to Sherman was Lieutenant-General Joseph E.
-Johnston, who commanded all the Confederate troops in the West,
-including the men of Bragg's old army. Atlanta was of equal importance
-with Richmond. It was a great railroad center and it contained the
-Confederate depots, mills, foundries and the manufactories of military
-supplies. Sherman had moved simultaneously with the Army of the Potomac,
-on the second day of the Battle of the Wilderness. On the thirteenth of
-May, Sherman's men met the Confederates at Resaca, Georgia. There was
-brisk, sharp fighting all along the lines. On the night of the fifteenth
-the Confederates abandoned the town and crossed the Oostenaula River,
-setting fire to the bridges. At dawn of the sixteenth the Federals
-entered Resaca and began a vigorous pursuit, and the camera recorded the
-scene of the abandoned entrenchments. The fields across which the
-Confederates withdrew may be seen in the distance. The Confederates
-concentrated their forces near New Hope Church on the twenty-fifth, and
-attacked the advancing Union troops but were driven back with heavy
-loss. The war photographers here secured a photograph of the
-entrenchments in the woods where there was continuous fighting for six
-days. The Federal Army forced its way through the mountainous country to
-the towering peaks of Kenesaw Mountain, Lost Mountain, and Pine
-Mountain. On all these heights the Confederates had signal towers. The
-outlying hills were occupied by batteries. The cameras were carried to
-the heights of Kenesaw Mountain and taken into its entrenchments.
-Sherman's troops climbed this slope, through its tangled wood and rifle
-pits, in the face of a steady musketry and artillery fire. This really
-ended the first movement of Sherman's campaign against Atlanta.
-Sherman's losses during May and June were over 2,000 killed and 13,000
-wounded. Johnston's losses were about 1,200 killed and nearly 14,000
-wounded. During the fifty-four days, both armies were depleted by 3,200
-killed, 27,000 wounded.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE SKELETONS OF DEAD SOLDIERS WERE
-BEING REMOVED SEVERAL MONTHS AFTER BATTLE OF COLD HARBOR]
-
-GRANT and Lee met at Cold Harbor in a desperate struggle on the first
-day of June in 1864. The following day was occupied by a general massing
-for the deadly encounter. Meade's army moved silently on the enemy at
-daylight on the third and the result was the fiercest battle of the
-entire war. There was a drizzling rain. The armies could hardly see the
-faces of their antagonists. Not a shot was fired until they were upon
-each other. One hundred thousand muskets simultaneously began their
-murderous work at a range of sixty to seventy yards. Two hundred pieces
-of artillery added to the deafening roar. It was the tragedy of
-Fredericksburg and Gettysburg re-enacted. The Union soldiers pressed
-toward the solid mass of lead and flame from the Confederate
-entrenchments only to be forced back. At times they swept to the
-breastworks against the torrents of musketry and mounted the parapets.
-The assault lasted but twenty minutes and the Union Army lost in killed,
-wounded and missing over 14,000 men; the Confederate loss has been
-estimated at 1,700. The two armies stayed at Cold Harbor for ten days,
-working on their field entrenchments, and fighting whenever either side
-grew bold. Lee remained immovable in his entrenchments before Richmond
-and on the afternoon of the sixteenth of June, Grant's army, horse, foot
-and artillery, had crossed the James River. On the seventh of June the
-dead were buried and the wounded gathered during an armistice of two
-hours. This is a ghastly view, showing the process of collecting the
-remains of Union soldiers who were hastily interred at the time of the
-battle. This photograph was taken on the battlefield months after the
-battle, when the Government ordered the remains gathered for permanent
-burial. The grinning skulls, the boots still hanging on the bones, the
-old canteen, all testify to the tragedy.
-
-
-
-
-SHERMAN, in his campaign in Georgia in 1864, was much interested in the
-cameras that followed his army and urged the photographer to take
-negatives of every movement as his forces pushed the Confederates toward
-Atlanta. On the morning of July 3, 1864, the Stars and Stripes fluttered
-on the crest of old Kenesaw Mountain. All the Federal corps were in
-rapid motion, and on Independence Day Sherman could distinguish the
-houses of Atlanta only nine miles away. General Johnston withdrew into
-the city and a storm of indignation swept the Confederacy. Johnston
-resigned his command and was succeeded by General J. B. Hood. Sherman
-set his troops in motion for the city on the seventeenth of July. On the
-nineteenth, the troops were so near Atlanta, and were meeting such
-feeble resistance that it was supposed the Confederates were evacuating,
-until they poured out of their entrenchments and opened furious fire on
-the north side of Peach Tree Creek. The war cameras were busily engaged
-and one of the negatives is an abandoned Confederate fortification on
-the road leading to Atlanta. A camera was taken into this fort shortly
-after its capture by Sherman. It shows the extent to which the
-Confederates had protected themselves. It is one of the rare pictures in
-which chevaux-de-frise construction is shown. It is here seen that the
-defense is a temporary obstruction by placing rails in a row with their
-pointed ends directed against the enemy. They impeded the advance of the
-foe and afforded cover for the defenders. During the conquest of Georgia
-the Confederates were much awed by the Brady "what is it?" wagons. It is
-the first time that field photography was witnessed in the far South.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT A CONFEDERATE FORT ON MARIETTA ROAD,
-NEAR ATLANTA, GEORGIA, AFTER CAPTURE BY SHERMAN, SEPTEMBER 2, 1864]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ON THE LINES BEFORE ATLANTA, GEORGIA, IN
-1864--GENERAL WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN AND STAFF]
-
-WHILE Sherman's Army was literally standing at the gates of Atlanta,
-this photograph was taken. The great general was with his staff in a
-Federal fort on the outlying hills. He was leaning on the breech of the
-cannon in one of his most characteristic attitudes. At this time Sherman
-was forty-four years of age. When sixteen years old he had entered West
-Point as a cadet, through the influence of his father, who was a Supreme
-Court judge in Ohio. At twenty years of age he entered the United States
-regular army and during the Mexican War was engaged in service in
-California. When thirty-three years of age, Sherman resigned from the
-army and became President of the State Military Institute of Louisiana.
-At the outbreak of the Civil War he left the South and offered his
-services to the Union. He was a colonel at the Battle of Bull Run. After
-that battle, when the Northern Army was reorganized, Sherman was
-appointed Brigadier-General of Volunteers and commanded the Department
-of the Cumberland. He demanded 200,000 men to reach the Gulf, but it was
-refused and he was ordered into Missouri. He was for a time inactive but
-came to the front again at Shiloh in command of a division under Grant.
-His bravery secured his promotion to Major-General and he became active
-in the campaign around Vicksburg. He then entered into the Mississippi
-Campaign and led the forces against Atlanta, resulting in his famous
-march to the sea. This photograph was taken on the eighteenth day of
-July, in 1864, on the lines before Atlanta. Sherman was much interested
-in the new science of photography and he always protected the cameras.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: BATTLEFIELD OF PEACH TREE CREEK, GEORGIA, JULY 20,
-1864--HOOD'S FIRST SORTIE NEAR ATLANTA]
-
-[Illustration: WHERE GENERAL MCPHERSON WAS KILLED, JULY 22, 1864, NEAR
-ATLANTA--HOOD'S SECOND SORTIE]
-
-[Illustration: BATTLEFIELD AT ATLANTA, GEORGIA, JULY 22, 1864--HOOD'S
-SECOND SORTIE]
-
-[Illustration: MILL AND RAILROAD DESTROYED BY CONFEDERATES ON EVACUATION
-OF ATLANTA, SEPTEMBER 2, 1864]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: CAPTAIN JOHN A. WINSLOW AND OFFICERS ON DECK OF
-"KEARSARGE" ON RETURN TO AMERICA AFTER DESTRUCTION OF THE "ALABAMA" IN
-THE ENGLISH CHANNEL]
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE IRONCLAD RAM "TENNESSEE" CAPTURED AT MOBILE
-BAY AUGUST 5, 1864, BY ADMIRAL FARRAGUT]
-
-ATLANTA was evacuated by the Confederates on the first day of September,
-in 1864 after a long, hard siege. The formal surrender was made by the
-Mayor on September second and the city became a military depot governed
-by military law. During this campaign of four months the Federals lost
-31,680 men; the Confederates 34,986. The war photographers secured many
-negatives of the battlefields in the siege around Atlanta. A view is
-here shown of Peach Tree Creek where the Federal loss was 1,710 and the
-Confederate 4,796. Another camera was taken to the woods where the Union
-general, McPherson, was killed in Hood's second sortie outside of the
-city. The daring commander rode directly into the enemy's line, without
-knowledge of danger. An interesting picture is that of the earth works
-before Atlanta, during Hood's first sortie, in which the Union losses
-were 3,641, and the Confederate 8,499. The destruction that was wrought
-during the siege of Atlanta is perpetuated by many of these negatives.
-While the armies were making these decisive blows, the "Kearsarge" 3,000
-miles away, met and sunk the Confederate ship, "Alabama," in the English
-Channel on Sunday morning, June 19, 1864. The "Alabama" had been roaming
-the seas nearly two years, capturing and burning American merchantmen.
-Another important naval conflict occurred on the 5th of August when
-Admiral Farragut gained possession of Mobile Bay, Alabama, and the war
-cameras caught a picture of the rebel ram, "Tennessee," the ironclad
-captured at that time by Farragut.
-
-[Illustration: DEVASTATION ON "MARCH TO THE SEA"]
-
-[Illustration: SHERMAN'S MEN DESTROYING RAILROAD]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE DEFENSES AT CHATTAHOOCHIE RIVER BRIDGE,
-GEORGIA, IN 1864]
-
-[Illustration: BATTLEGROUND OF ALLATOONA PASS, IN GEORGIA, OCTOBER 5,
-1864]
-
-[Illustration: GENERAL U. S. GRANT AND STAFF AT CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, IN
-AUGUST, 1864]
-
-WHILE the combined armies under Sherman lay in and around Atlanta until
-October, 1864, the war photographers were used extensively. Fierce
-encounters took place early in that month around Kenesaw Mountain and
-along Allatoona Pass. During this famous encounter Sherman stood on the
-top of Kenesaw. General Corse, who was leading the Union Division into
-combat, sent him this message: "I am short a cheek-bone and one ear, but
-am able to whip all hell yet." It was to this that Sherman made his
-famous reply: "Hold the fort, for I am coming." Sherman began his famous
-march to the sea on the fifteenth of November. As the columns left
-Atlanta the Federal engineers applied their torches to the depot,
-roundhouse, and the machine shops of the Georgia railroad. The columns
-extended to the northern part of the city. Stores, warehouses, hotels,
-and mills, with many private dwellings, were destroyed to the value of
-more than three millions of dollars. Amid the fierce heat and roar
-Sherman rode out of Atlanta on the afternoon of November 16th. The great
-army for five consecutive weeks swept across Georgia. The 62,000 men,
-20,000 horses and mules, marched 300 miles in a route from 20 to 60
-miles wide. The army captured twenty million pounds of corn and fodder,
-three million rations of bread and meat, one million rations of coffee
-and sugar and 350 miles of railroad track were destroyed. Sherman
-estimated the property losses at over one hundred millions of dollars.
-The Federal losses during the campaign were but 63 men killed on the
-field, 245 wounded, and 259 missing. The Confederacy was severed and a
-decisive step taken toward ending the Civil War.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: DESTRUCTION FROM EXPLOSION OF ORDNANCE BARGES AT WHARVES
-AT CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, AUGUST 9, 1864]
-
-WHILE Sherman was marching from Chattanooga, Tennessee, to Atlanta,
-Georgia, on his famous march to the sea, Grant was laying siege on
-Petersburg, Virginia, twenty-two miles south of Richmond. This was the
-central point for five railroads, giving communication with the
-Carolinas and Southern Virginia. Its possession by Federal troops would
-cut off Richmond and force the evacuation of the Confederate Capital.
-Lee was strongly intrenched around Petersburg. For a time during the
-summer there was hot fighting every hour in the day and frequently far
-into the night. The two armies were ready to fight to a finish. The
-Union Army was preparing itself for the final stroke and the conflicts
-were constant. It was during this campaign that the battles of New
-Market Heights and Cedar Creek were fought and Sheridan made his famous
-ride down the Shenandoah Valley to Winchester. Grant's base of supplies
-was at City Point on the James River. On the ninth day of August, in
-1864, there was an explosion of the ordnance barges and a war camera was
-hurried to the scene and secured this negative on the same day. At the
-same time, while General Grant was in conference with his staff in his
-tent at the army headquarters, the war photographers secured the picture
-shown on the preceding page. The general may be seen in the center of
-the group, sitting in the chair, with his hat characteristically pushed
-back on his head and his legs crossed. This is an interesting negative.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN FORT NEGLEY AT NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE,
-SHOWING IRONCLAD CASEMATES, IN 1864]
-
-IN the closing months of 1864 events occurred in rapid succession in the
-southwest. The Confederates, under Hood, driven from Georgia by Sherman,
-invaded Middle Tennessee. General Price began his invasion of Missouri
-and destroyed property valued at three millions of dollars and seized a
-vast quantity of supplies. The Union forces, under General Thomas, were
-concentrated at Nashville. There were continual skirmishes and at
-nightfall, on the sixteenth of December, General Thomas ordered his
-troops into line of battle, with the intent of driving Hood's Army from
-the territory. In a terrific fire of musketry, grape and canister, the
-Federals pushed forward. In the next two days the Confederates lost all
-their artillery. General Thomas took four thousand, five hundred
-prisoners, nearly three hundred being officers. The fleeing Confederate
-columns left nearly three thousand dead and wounded on the ground, while
-the Federal loss was three hundred. The weather was very cold, but
-Thomas pursued his foe relentlessly. Flood's men were in a desperate
-condition, barefooted, ragged and disheartened. They were pressed to the
-Tennessee River where thirteen thousand were taken prisoners, and Hood's
-great army was practically annihilated, their small arms scattered along
-the roads, and cannon, caissons and wagons abandoned. Hood took the
-remnants of his army into Mississippi where he was relieved from command
-by his own request and retired minus the arm he left at Gettysburg and
-the leg he left at Chickamauga. On the thirtieth day of December, in
-1864, Thomas went into winter quarters. One of the last photographs of
-the year was taken in Fort Negley, Nashville, Tennessee, showing the
-ironclad casemates and the interior of the fort.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ON GRANT'S MILITARY RAILROAD WHEN THE
-13-INCH MORTAR "DICTATOR" OR "PETERSBURG EXPRESS" WAS THROWING SHELLS
-INTO PETERSBURG IN 1864]
-
-THE last days of 1864 closed with the Army of the Potomac and the Army
-of the James maintaining the siege about Petersburg. Nearly every hour
-of the day and night the air was filled with the roar of siege cannons
-and mortars. Brady and Gardner had several of their cameras at the siege
-of Petersburg. Many rare negatives are to-day witnesses of this great
-event. The picture shown on this page was taken during the siege. It
-shows the thirteen-inch "Dictator," known as the "Petersburg Express,"
-mounted on a flat freight car made strong for this purpose. It was on
-the military railroad outside of Petersburg and moved continually along
-the line, throwing its huge death-dealing bombs into the city. Some of
-the mortars were mounted on very strong, special-made cars, protected
-with roofs of railroad iron. Grant's line was twenty-five miles long,
-but with its parallels extending over ninety miles. The two forts
-nearest the city of Petersburg were known by the soldiers as Fort Hell
-and Fort Damnation. From their casemates the movements of the soldiers
-of the beleaguered city were distinctly visible. The guns of these two
-advanced forts were never silent. At nightfall, the pickets, with one
-hundred and fifty rounds of ball cartridges, left for the outposts, and
-many of them never returned. The night was made hideous by the roar of
-huge siege guns, the sudden crashes of musketry and the crack of rifle
-shells. The openings of the breastworks were so filled with shot during
-this siege that in time of truce the soldiers would dig the narrow
-openings out with their fingers. On the next page is shown a photograph
-taken April 2, 1865, in Confederate trenches at Petersburg just after
-their capture by the daring Union troops.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: GENERALS HANCOCK, BARLOW, BIRNEY AND GIBBON]
-
-[Illustration: SIEGE OF PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA--PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN JUST
-BEFORE ITS FALL IN 1865]
-
-[Illustration: RAILROAD BATTERY IN FRONT OF PETERSBURG DURING SIEGE]
-
-[Illustration: EARTHWORKS IN FRONT OF PETERSBURG--FEDERAL LINES AT FORT
-MORTON]
-
-[Illustration: DEAD CONFEDERATES IN TRENCHES AT PETERSBURG]
-
-
-
-
-DEEDS of valor on the battlefield have been sung from the earliest ages,
-but there is no epoch in the world's history when men have shown more
-magnificent courage, or greater devotion to principle, than in the Civil
-War of the United States. The days of ancient knighthood never saw more
-gallant fighters, no lancer ever met a worthier foe. It was the grandest
-spectacle of heroism that eyes have ever witnessed. At the battle-front,
-in prison pit, in hospital, or wounded on the field--no men ever endured
-more intense suffering.
-
-The only National debt we can never pay is the debt we owe to the men
-who offered their lives that the United American Nation might live to
-become the greatest power in the human race. The heroic sacrifices will
-never be known. It has been variously estimated from three hundred
-thousand to a million lives. The Government records 44,238 men as having
-been killed in battle; 49,205 dying of wounds and injuries; 186,216
-succumbing to disease; 24,184 expiring from unknown causes; and 526
-suicides, homicides and executions. Thousands of men disappeared during
-the conflict and have never been heard from since. The surgeon-general's
-records give 280,040 wounded in battle; 184,791 missing or captured;
-26,168 dying while prisoners of war. The medical records state that
-6,049,648 cases were brought into the hospitals, great numbers of whom
-were sent home to die. The Confederate losses can never be ascertained
-but it is very probable that the price that America paid for the
-preservation of the Union was a million of its manhood.
-
-The crisis of 1865 held not only the future of the United States in the
-balance, but threatened to change the political divisions of the world.
-The American Nation, which is the "freest, richest and most powerful"
-nation under the skies, would have been divided into two weakened
-republics, each struggling for existence, disputing the ownership of
-rivers and coast, engaged in continual border uprisings, and finally
-becoming the prey of the powerful nations of Europe--only to be soon
-devoured by encroaching monarchies of the Eastern Hemisphere.
-
-
-    "When 'Greek meets Greek' the tug of war
-      Is sure to follow fierce and strong;
-    What wonder that the bloody strife
-      'Twixt North and South was four years long!
-    Four hundred thousand of our brave
-      Gave up their lives that we might be
-    A Nation, powerful and great,
-      The fitting home of Liberty.
-    America will surely stand
-      The first and foremost of the earth:
-    The Queen of Nations she shall be,
-      And all her sons have royal birth.
-
-[Illustration: FOR THE SAKE OF THEIR COUNTRY--Photograph taken by Brady
-on the battlefield during the Civil War]
-
-    "The Goddess of sweet Liberty
-      Still smiles upon her gallant knights
-    Who bravely sprang to her defense,
-      And fearless fought to keep our rights.
-    Then cheer our heroes, grim and old,
-      And let them feel while yet alive,
-    We honor them for what they did
-      From sixty-one to sixty-five.
-    All honor to our sacred dead,
-      And honor well the living, too,
-    Our Veterans of the Civil War,
-      These noble boys who wore the blue."
-
-
-The problem was settled for all ages in 1865. The American Nation rose
-from the ruins of War like a young giant. Grasping the hand of the North
-and the South, it clasped them together with the grip of brotherhood and
-the sacred pledge, "United we stand; divided we fall." Long live
-America, the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave! The vast
-armies, "strong enough to have conquered a hemisphere, vanished like a
-vision and the men who fought side by side through the perils of four
-years of Civil War, laid down their arms, changed their uniforms of blue
-and gray for the apparel of everyday life, and took up once more the
-peaceful occupations they had abandoned to serve their country."
-
-The Spring of 1865 can never be forgotten by the men who went through
-it. It was a time of intense excitement and overflowing enthusiasm which
-carried itself almost to pandemonium. The war cameras, which had
-perpetuated the last wonderful scenes of the conflict, were taken to
-Washington and New York, and the Summer fell upon a peaceful people.
-
-It is the avowed mission of these pages to lay before the present
-generation the vision of War in all its horror that those who look upon
-them may pledge themselves to the furtherance of the day "when a cannon
-will be exhibited in public museums, just as an instrument of torture is
-now, and people will be amazed that such a thing could have been;" the
-day when "those two immense groups, the United States of America, and
-the United States of Europe," and the United States of Asia and of
-Africa, "will be seen placed in the presence of each other, extending
-the hand of fellowship across the oceans, exchanging their produce,
-their commerce, their industries, their arts, their genius; clearing the
-earth, peopling the desert, improving creation under the eye of the
-Creator, and uniting for the good of all, these two irresistible and
-infinite powers--the fraternity of men and the power of God!"
-
-
-
-
-THE first days of 1865 around Petersburg were a hard strain on the
-soldiers. The winter's siege had been severe. The Confederates were
-desperate. Unable to break the Federal lines at Dinwiddie, Five Forks,
-or any of the many combats that were continually taking place, defeat
-and annihilation awaited them. On the first of April the entire
-artillery forces in the trenches before Petersburg began a tremendous
-cannonading which continued until dawn. The Union troops during the
-night tightened their lines around Petersburg until the following
-morning, which was Sunday. At daylight, on Monday, the third of April,
-Lee evacuated Petersburg and the Union forces entered the city about
-nine o'clock. Cameras were soon taken through the gates and during the
-day several photographs were taken, including a negative of the trenches
-containing the dead. This photograph shows a company of colored
-infantry. There were 186,097 colored troops enlisted in the Civil War.
-In many conflicts they showed great bravery, especially during the siege
-of Petersburg. An instance of their great courage was the attempt to
-break through the Confederate lines by tunneling under one of the
-fortifications and blowing it up with the charge of eight thousand
-pounds of powder. In the smoke of the explosion the colored troops
-charged through the crater and up the slope beyond, only to meet with a
-terrific fire in which hundreds of colored heroes were mown down like
-grass, with no hope of anyone reaching the crest, but they held to the
-charge until ordered to retire. The engagements around Petersburg during
-its last nine months cost the Union Army more than thirty thousand men.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE COLORED INFANTRY WAS MOVING TO THE
-BATTLEGROUND]
-
-
-
-
-THIS witness of a remarkable sight is so old that it will be noted that
-the tree at the right of the picture is being eaten away from the
-original negative. It lays before the eyes of all generations the view
-of the first wagon train entering Petersburg with provisions for the
-starving inhabitants after one of the greatest sieges in history. It was
-on Sunday night, about ten o'clock, the second day of April, in 1865,
-that the resolute Lee marshalled his troops for the evacuation of
-Petersburg. At three on the following morning the stronghold of the
-Confederacy was left to the Union forces. At nine on the same morning
-General Grant rode into the deserted city. The remaining inhabitants
-were panic-stricken and in a destitute condition. Many of them had
-escaped with their beloved leader while others, in abject terror,
-secluded themselves in their homes. Grant, with his staff, rode quietly
-through the streets until he came to a comfortable-looking brick house,
-with a yard in front, where he dismounted and took a seat on the
-veranda. The gentle manner of the great general found a response in the
-hearts of those who had feared him. Citizens soon gathered on the
-sidewalk and gazed with curiosity on the Union commander. News of the
-hunger of the people was hurried along the line. Great wagon trains of
-provisions struggled for miles through roadways choked with prisoners,
-stragglers and wounded. This photograph was taken as the first division,
-loaded with barrels of flour, pork, coffee, sugar, and other
-necessaries, rolled into Petersburg. With the brotherly affection that
-even the madness of war cannot destroy, the men in blue came to those
-devoted to the gray, not as enemies, but as fellowmen ever willing to
-relieve the suffering. The humanity of war is here exemplified.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE GOVERNMENT PROVISION TRAINS WERE
-ENTERING PETERSBURG AFTER EVACUATION IN 1865]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS GUNBOAT "SANTIAGO DE CUBA" SAILED ON
-THE FORT FISHER EXPEDITION]
-
-THE largest fleet that had ever been assembled under one command in the
-history of the American Navy concentrated before Fort Fisher, North
-Carolina, late in 1864. It included nearly sixty vessels, of which five
-were ironclads, and the three largest United States steam frigates,
-"Minnesota," "Colorado" and "Wabash," and was accompanied by one of the
-war cameras. The total number of guns and howitzers of the fleet were
-over six hundred, and the weight of projectiles at a single discharge of
-all the guns, both broadsides, was over twenty-two tons. The Atlantic
-and Gulf coast were almost entirely in the Government possession and the
-Navy was prepared to strike its decisive blow. Fort Fisher was now the
-most important Confederate naval position. The first attack took place
-in the night of December twenty-third, when a powder-boat was exploded
-under the towering walls of the old fort. It was believed that it was
-leveled to the ground, but in the morning the grim fort stood absolutely
-uninjured with its flag floating defiantly. An attack was then led by
-the ironclads, followed by the monitors and frigates. A naval officer in
-describing it says: "Their sides seemed a sheet of flame, and the roar
-of their guns like a mighty thunderbolt." The enemy took refuge in their
-bomb-proofs. Owing to misunderstanding between army and navy the fort
-was not taken. An excellent photograph was secured of one of the
-gunboats in the Fort Fisher expedition--the "Santiago de Cuba," and the
-negative is one of the finest naval pictures ever taken.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: INTERIOR VIEW OF FORT FISHER IN 1865]
-
-[Illustration: DISMANTLED GUN AT FORT FISHER IN 1865]
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT FORT FISHER, NORTH CAROLINA, SHOWING
-DESTRUCTION OF GUN CARRIAGE IN 1865]
-
-
-
-
-THE last stronghold of the Southern Confederacy on the Atlantic Coast
-fell early in 1865. On the twelfth of January operations were agreed
-upon for the final assault on Fort Fisher and a photograph was taken of
-the fleet as it lay off the coast. On the morning of the thirteenth the
-ironclads opened a terrific fire. Fort Fisher was at this time much
-stronger than at the first attack. Troops had reinforced the garrison.
-Damages from the first bombardment had been repaired and new defenses
-added. In describing the downfall of the fort one who participated says:
-"I believe there had never before been such a storm of shell in any
-naval engagement. At noon on the fifteenth the attempt was made for the
-sailors and marines to land. From thirty-five of the sixty ships of the
-fleet boats were lowered, and with flags flying, pulled toward the beach
-in line abreast, a most spirited scene. The sailors were armed with
-cutlasses and pistols. The great land battery, the artillery and a
-thousand rifles opened fire from Fort Fisher. The daring sailors found
-themselves packed like sheep in a death pen, under a most galling fire."
-The army pressed forward under General Terry's command, fighting its way
-from traverse to traverse, overpowering the garrison, and finally
-driving the Confederates from their last refuge. Fort Fisher fell on the
-fifteenth of January. The casualties in the fleet amounted to 309, while
-Terry's command lost 110 killed and 536 wounded--a total of nearly 1,000
-men. With the fall of Fort Fisher and its seventy-five guns, the
-Confederates abandoned Fort Caswell and all the works on Smith's Island;
-all those between Caswell and Smithville up to the battery on Reeve's
-Point on the west side of the river. This photograph of the fleet that
-took Fort Fisher shows the ships assembling off the coast. The negative
-was secured under much difficulty.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS GREATEST FLEET CARRYING AMERICAN FLAG
-WAS PREPARING TO ATTACK FORT FISHER IN 1865]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE ADMIRAL PORTER AND STAFF WERE ON
-FLAGSHIP "MALVERN" IN FORT FISHER EXPEDITION IN 1865]
-
-THE Civil War was a great practical demonstration of naval vessels
-propelled by steam. The whole system of naval tactics had undergone a
-great change. The guns had become vastly more powerful; war ships were
-now protected by a light armor, and the torpedo had found its way into
-successful employment. The normal strength of the Navy at the beginning
-of the war was ninety vessels; fifty of these were sailing ships, worthy
-vessels in years gone by, but now left behind by progress. There were
-forty vessels propelled by steam and many of these were scattered on the
-high seas. As the war progressed, the Navy was increased and at its
-close had nearly six hundred ships, including every variety of
-merchantman and river steamboat roughly adapted in navy-yards for war
-services. There were built or projected during the war nearly sixty
-ironclads. At the beginning of the war the total number of officers of
-all grades in the Navy was 1,457, and during its progress the number was
-increased to 7,500, chiefly from the merchant marine. The normal
-strength of seamen, which was 7,600, rose during the war to 51,500. The
-South entered upon the war without any naval preparation and with very
-limited resources, but by purchases and seizures equipped a considerable
-fleet. Toward the close of the conflict the war photographers secured a
-large number of negatives during naval demonstrations. Among those here
-presented is Admiral David D. Porter and staff on his flagship,
-"Malvern," on the Fort Fisher Expedition. The gallant admiral may be
-seen standing in the center of the group. A picture is on the following
-page of Major-General A. H. Terry and staff, in command of the land
-demonstrations around Fort Fisher, and on whom special honors were
-conferred by Congress for his courageous leadership in the attack. These
-photographs witness the last great naval demonstration of the war.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PANORAMIC VIEW OF FORT FISHER, NORTH CAROLINA, IN 1865]
-
-[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL ALFRED H. TERRY AND STAFF AT FORT FISHER]
-
-[Illustration: ENGLISH ARMSTRONG GUN IN FORT FISHER]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: RUINS OF COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA, FROM THE
-CAPITOL--SHELLED BY SHERMAN, FEBRUARY 16, 1865--PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN BY
-BRADY WHILE RUINS WERE SMOKING]
-
-[Illustration: RUINS OF DEPOT WHERE TWO HUNDRED PERSONS WERE BLOWN UP ON
-EVACUATION OF CHARLESTON]
-
-[Illustration: RUINS OF SECESSION HALL AT CHARLESTON AFTER SURRENDER,
-FEBRUARY 18, 1865]
-
-THE final blows of the Civil War came quick and sharp. Grant had taken
-Petersburg; Thomas had annihilated the Confederate forces under Hood
-along the Mississippi River; Sherman had swept through Georgia and
-overrun the Carolinas. Exactly four years after the inauguration of
-Jefferson Davis as President of the Confederacy, historic Columbia and
-Charleston, South Carolina, surrendered. The closing days sowed flame
-and devastation. The war cameras followed Sherman's Army into Columbia
-and the old negatives tell the tragedy of the destroyed Confederate
-cities. One of them here reproduced is historic Secession Hall in ruins.
-It was here that the first Ordinance of Secession was passed. This view
-shows the historic edifice as it appeared when the Union troops took
-possession of the city. Adjoining the Hall are the ruins of Central
-Church, and in the background is St. Phillips Church. The fall of
-Columbia occurred on February 12, 1865. Charleston surrendered the
-following day, and the Federal Government took possession. One of these
-photographs shows the ruins of the Northeastern Railroad Depot at
-Charleston where two hundred persons were blown up on the day of
-evacuation, February 17, 1865. Sherman moved on through North Carolina
-and fought his last battle at Bentonville, where the National loss was
-1,604 men and the Confederate loss 2,342. During these last days of the
-war occurred a disaster on the Mississippi River. The "Sultana" was on
-her journey from New Orleans to St. Louis, receiving on board 1,964
-Union prisoners from Columbia, Salisbury, Andersonville and other
-Confederate prisons. Anxious to proceed North, little heed was given
-that the ship was already carrying a heavy load of passengers on board,
-occupying every foot of available space on all the decks to the tops of
-the cabins and the wheelhouse, and on the twenty-seventh of April, when
-about eight miles above Memphis, one of her boilers blew up. The dead at
-the scene numbered 1,500.
-
-[Illustration: STEAMER "SULTANA" CONVEYING EXCHANGED UNION
-PRISONERS--DESTROYED IN MISSISSIPPI RIVER IN 1865]
-
-
-
-
-IN the hospitals of the army during the Civil War 6,049,648 cases were
-treated by the officers of the Medical Department. The medical skill of
-the surgeons and physicians is evidenced by the fact that only 185,353
-of these patients died during their detention in the hospitals. While a
-large number of these soldiers suffered from gunshot wounds, the
-disease of chronic diarrhoea was nearly as fatal, and its deadliness
-was closely followed by the ravages of typhoid fever and lung diseases.
-It is estimated that 285,245 men were discharged during the war for
-disability. A tribute should be paid to the nobility of the hospital
-corps. Many noble men and women did great service to their country in
-relieving the sufferings that followed the battles. After many of the
-terrific conflicts the ground was strewn with the dead and dying. The
-wounded, in whom there was a hope of life, were given immediate care and
-hurried on stretchers to nearby houses and barns from which floated the
-yellow flag of the Medical Department. Large hospital tents were erected
-near the scene of battle. At times all the rooms in the surrounding
-farmhouses were full of wounded; the injured men were laid on cornstalks
-and hay in the barns. Sometimes it was impossible to find shelter for
-them all and they were laid on boards inclined against fences. Many of
-the large trees formed a shelter for a temporary hospital, where the men
-were laid in rows while the attendants administered to their wants. In
-no previous war in the history of the world was so much done to
-alleviate suffering as in the War of 1861-1865. But notwithstanding all
-that was done, the wounded suffered horribly. After any great battle it
-required several days and nights of steady work before all the wounded
-men were gathered.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE AMBULANCE CORPS WERE REMOVING
-WOUNDED SOLDIERS TO THE FIELD HOSPITAL]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: SMOKESTACK OF EXPLODED RAM "VIRGINIA" IN 1865]
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY ON WHARVES NEAR RICHMOND]
-
-[Illustration: RUINED LOCOMOTIVE AFTER FALL OF RICHMOND IN 1865]
-
-[Illustration: AMBULANCE CONVEYING JEFFERSON DAVIS AFTER HIS
-CAPTURE--PASSING THROUGH THE STREETS OF MACON, GEORGIA]
-
-JEFFERSON DAVIS was at St. Paul's Church, in Richmond, at the usual hour
-of Sunday morning worship when he received the message that Petersburg
-was being evacuated and Lee's lines were irreparably broken. The sexton
-walked up to Davis's pew and whispered a few words in the President's
-ear. The members of the Cabinet received similar calls. From church to
-church the note of warning was communicated. By two o'clock everybody in
-Richmond knew that the city was to be abandoned. The Presidential party
-with difficulty made its way through the excited crowd which thronged
-and blocked the streets. Davis began his flight by boarding a train and
-went as far as Danville where, on April 4, 1865, he began to establish a
-new seat of government. The following day he issued a proclamation to
-his people, only to again flee to Greensborough, North Carolina, where
-he remained in a railroad car. On reaching Charlotte, he threw off the
-semblance of authority and planned to reach Texas. The flight was
-continued through South Carolina and into Macon, Georgia. In the
-meantime, a reward of $100,000 was offered for the apprehension of
-Davis. He was finally captured in a camp in the woods near Irwinsville,
-Georgia, while trying to escape in a lady's waterproof coat, gathered at
-the waist, with a shawl thrown over the head, and carrying a tin pail.
-This remarkable photograph was taken while the Confederate President was
-being carried as a prisoner in an ambulance through the streets of
-Macon. He was conveyed to Fortress Monroe, for safe keeping, on May 22,
-1865, and was finally allowed his freedom on bail and never brought to
-trial. Brady entered Richmond with his cameras a few hours after the
-departure of Davis and these negatives witness the ruins. The great
-tobacco warehouses had been destroyed and the ironclad rams on the river
-had been blown up. The city was being pillaged. The Union troops entered
-as conquerors and immediately set to work with a will to extinguish the
-flames which wrought great destruction and havoc.
-
-
-
-
-RICHMOND was a mass of flames on the third of April, in 1865. As the
-Federal forces entered the city it was a scene of terrible splendor. The
-explosion of magazines caused the earth to rock and tremble as with the
-shock of an earthquake. The flames were leaping from building to
-building until thirty squares were ablaze, consuming over one thousand
-structures. Prisoners were liberated from the penitentiary and the torch
-was applied to it. Men, women and children, faint from hunger, fled from
-their homes. The provision depots were battered at the doors and forced
-open in the demoniacal struggle against starvation. The gutters ran with
-whiskey, and men fell to their knees and lapped it as it flowed through
-the streets. The clatter of the hoofs of the horses added to the tumult
-as the Union troops entered the city. At daylight the approach of the
-Federal forces could be plainly discerned. The war cameras came into
-Richmond with the army. The Union soldiers began to fight the flames,
-blowing up houses to check their advance. There was a cavalry rush for
-Libby prison to bring freedom to the Union soldiers confined within its
-walls, but upon reaching it not a guard nor an inmate remained. The
-doors were wide open. An old negro placidly remarked: "Dey's all gone,
-massa!" The day following a mighty cheer was heard near the abandoned
-residence of Jefferson Davis. President Lincoln walked down the street
-with his usual long, careless stride. After viewing the situation and
-impressing upon the officers his desire that they exert the most humane
-influences, Lincoln returned to Washington. One of the most valuable
-negatives in the Civil War collection is the ruins of Richmond on the
-day that Lincoln inspected the condition of the city.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN OF THE RUINS AT RICHMOND THE DAY AFTER
-ITS EVACUATION IN 1865]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT THE MCLEAN HOUSE AT APPOMATTOX THE
-DAY THAT LEE SURRENDERED TO GRANT, APRIL 9, 1865]
-
-WHEN Lee, with the remnant of his army, fled from Richmond and
-Petersburg, he was closely pursued by Grant and attacked vigorously at
-every approach. For seventy miles it was a race that was marked by a
-long track of blood. There were collisions at Jestersville, Detonville,
-Deep Creek, Paine's Cross Roads, and Farmville. At Sailor's Creek the
-Confederate lines were broken by Custer. The Confederate General Ewell,
-with four other generals and his entire corps, were captured and on the
-eighth of April the Southern Army, under Lee, was completely surrounded.
-Lee had but 28,000 men left and his brave dead were lying in heaps along
-the route of his retreat. Hemmed in at Appomattox Court House a last
-desperate effort was made to cut through the Federal cavalry. He was
-gaining ground when Sheridan's bugles rang out the signal for a general
-charge and a halt was called under a flag of truce. The two historic
-armies never exchanged another shot. General Lee left his camp on the
-morning of April 8 and was conducted to the McLean house, where he found
-General Grant awaiting him. The actual surrender took place on April 12,
-1865. The Confederate officers and men were paroled. Lee returned to his
-men and bade them farewell. The scene was one of the most pathetic in
-the records of war. The Confederate veterans wept like children as they
-looked upon the face of their beloved leader. His last words to his men
-were: "You will take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from the
-consciousness of duty faithfully performed. I earnestly pray that a
-merciful God will extend to you His blessing and protection." A few
-hours after Lee's surrender this photograph was taken at Appomattox.
-
-
-
-
-IT is here in these closing pages the sad duty of these wonderful old
-negatives to record one of the deepest tragedies in the history of the
-world. In it the greatest Republic of the earth, at the close of the
-most terrific conflict ever waged by fellow countrymen, saw its champion
-of Liberty fall at the hands of an assassin. The great Lincoln looked
-forward to years of peace among a re-united people. On the night of
-April 14, 1865, he was murdered at Ford's Theater. The bitter tidings
-swept the country. The American Nation was bowed down with grief. The
-rendezvous of the conspirators was found to be the house of Mrs. M. E.
-Surratt, located in the very heart of Washington. Mrs. Surratt, her
-daughter Anna, Miss Fitzpatrick and a Miss Holahan were arrested. George
-A. Atzerott, and one named Powell, were later captured. The principal
-assassin, John Wilkes Booth, was found eleven days after the murder and
-was shot when he refused to surrender. His companion, Harold, who had
-been a fugitive with him, was taken prisoner. The trial of the
-conspirators took place in Washington before a military commission. On
-July 6, 1865, sentence was pronounced and on the following day the four
-conspirators--Harold, Atzerott, Powell and Mrs. Surratt--were hanged.
-Two of Brady's cameras were taken into the prison yard and placed near
-the scaffold. When the warrant was being read one camera was used and
-the historic view is now in the Eaton Collection. When the drop was
-sprung, the second negative was exposed and the tragic scene is here
-recorded. Mrs. Surratt is hanging at the left. The ghastliness was such
-that many of the guards turned their heads. It is believed to be the
-first time that the camera has been used to perpetuate the execution of
-political conspirators. The negatives are in excellent condition and
-their historic value is beyond purchase.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN PRISON YARD IN WASHINGTON AT HANGING
-OF MRS. SURRATT AND THE LINCOLN ASSASSINATION CONSPIRATORS IN 1865]
-
-
-
-
-THE funeral procession of Lincoln as it passed through New York was
-witnessed by nearly a million people. The body was taken to Springfield,
-Ohio, his old home town to which he had not returned since he left it to
-go to Washington as President of the United States. Lincoln was buried
-at Oak Ridge Cemetery, about two miles from Springfield. Immediately
-after the close of the war the Government began inquiry into the
-cruelties alleged to have taken place in many of the prisons. The result
-was the arrest of Captain Henry Wirtz, the jailor at Andersonville. He
-was given trial before a military commission and convicted of brutally
-murdering Union prisoners. Wirtz was sentenced to death and hanged on
-the tenth of November, 1865. The execution took place in Washington
-within short distance of the National Capitol, and Brady's cameras were
-taken into the prison yard. The negative was taken as the condemned man
-stood on the scaffold, with head bowed, listening to the reading of his
-death warrant. Another negative was secured after the noose had been
-tightened around his neck and the drop had been sprung. The photographs
-perpetuate a tragic moment. It will be seen that the soldiers on guard
-were standing at "attention." The evidence against Wirtz was
-overwhelming. Many witnesses testified to the cruelty of the accused man
-and the horrors enacted within the dead lines at Andersonville.
-Prisoners were forced to go forty-eight hours without food. Many of them
-became insane; others committed suicide. There were deliberate,
-cold-blooded murders of peaceable men. No opportunities were afforded
-for cleanliness and the prisoners were covered with vermin. The
-execution of Wirtz met public approval and this photograph shows him in
-his last moments of life.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE DEATH WARRANT WAS BEING READ TO
-WIRTZ, THE KEEPER OF ANDERSONVILLE PRISON IN 1865]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: HERO OF THE AMERICANS WHO WORE THE BLUE
-
-Ulysses Simpson Grant--Born at Point Pleasant, Ohio, April 27,
-1822--Died at Mt. Gregor, New York, July 23, 1885--Graduated from West
-Point in 1843 and fought gallantly under the Stars and Stripes in the
-War against Mexico--Commander-in-chief of the victorious Union Army in
-the Civil War in the United States--This photograph was taken when he
-was forty-two years of age, during the Civil War, and was never before
-published--It is protected by copyright]
-
-
-AMERICANS--true to the blue or true to the gray--bow in reverence to the
-memory of these two great fellow countrymen--the greatest leaders that
-mankind has ever followed. Under the same beloved flag they fought in
-their early days, only to stand arrayed against each other as foes in
-their latter days, and to finally die as loyal Americans. Never before
-has the public looked upon these photographs, which were taken by the
-war cameras at Appomattox at the end of the war. When Lee offered his
-sword to Grant it was courteously returned to him. The two gallant
-generals lifted their hats and parted forever. Grant mounted his horse,
-and started with his staff for Washington. Lee set out for Richmond, a
-broken-hearted man. The armies returning from the field were brought to
-Washington for a grand review and mustered out of service. The news of
-Lee's surrender passed from army to army through the South and West, and
-six weeks later the last gun had been fired and musket laid down in the
-Civil War of the United States. In closing these pages, acknowledgment
-is made to the many eminent historians whose scholarly works have been
-consulted and quoted in narrating the incidents surrounding these
-photographs. Mr. Edward B. Eaton, who has prepared this remarkable
-presentation from his valuable collection; Mr. Francis T. Miller, the
-editor and writer of this book; and Mr. George E. Tracy, associated with
-Mr. Eaton in placing this volume before the public, wish to express
-their appreciation for the cordial interest taken in the work by the
-department commanders of the Grand Army of the Republic, many of whom
-testify to having seen the Brady cameras on the battlefield when these
-negatives were being taken. To these men--and to all who witnessed the
-scenes herein perpetuated--this book is dedicated with the benediction
-of the victorious Grant:
-
-
-[Illustration: HERO OF THE AMERICANS WHO WORE THE GRAY
-
-Robert Edward Lee--Born at Stratford, Virginia, January 19, 1807--Died
-at Lexington, Virginia, October 12, 1870--Graduated at West Point in
-1829 and fought gallantly under the Stars and Stripes in the War against
-Mexico--Commander-in-chief of the vanquished Confederate Army in the
-Civil War in the United States--This photograph was taken when he was
-fifty-seven years of age, during the Civil War, and was never before
-published--It is protected by copyright]
-
-
-                           "LET US HAVE PEACE"
-
-
-              THE ASSOCIATED PUBLISHERS OF AMERICAN RECORDS
-                PRESS OF THE DORMAN LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY
-
-                          NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT
-
-       HALFTONE ENGRAVINGS BY ROBERT WELLER, HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT
-
-
-
-
-THE EDWARD B. EATON COLLECTION OF ORIGINAL PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE CIVIL WAR
-
-
-    PARTIAL LIST OF THE SEVEN THOUSAND NEGATIVES TAKEN UNDER THE
-    PROTECTION OF THE SECRET SERVICE BY MATHEW B. BRADY AND
-    ALEXANDER GARDNER ON THE BATTLEFIELDS OF THE CIVIL WAR IN THE
-    UNITED STATES DURING THE YEARS 1861--1862--1863--1864--1865--AND
-    NOW SAFELY STORED IN THE PRIVATE VAULT OF THE OWNER AT HARTFORD,
-    CONNECTICUT
-
-THE Eaton Collection of Original Photographs of the Civil War, the full
-history of which is given in the introductory to this Volume, is now for
-the first time unveiled to the public. In presenting the reproductions
-in this book the owner of this remarkable collection has protected them
-fully by copyright and warns the public against infringers. Mr. Eaton is
-the sole owner of these original negatives, which are valued at
-$150,000, and henceforth, any other reproduction must be with his
-written authority or it is an infringement. That the public may become
-fully acquainted with the negatives in this official collection, experts
-are now at work drawing two prints from each negative, protecting them
-under copyright, and identifying, arranging and preparing them for a
-complete catalogue. In several instances the label which the
-photographer placed on the negatives when he made the photograph, over
-forty years ago, has been lost. These are being carefully identified by
-veterans of the Civil War who offer affidavits to having been on the
-scene. At present there are still many views that are labeled "unknown."
-It is nearing a half century since the sun painted these real scenes of
-that great War, and some negatives have undergone chemical changes which
-make it difficult to secure "prints" from them. There can be no
-substitution, as the scenes represented on the old glass plates have
-passed away forever. The great value of these pictures is apparent.
-Several negatives are entirely past printing and all of them require
-retouching by old-time photographers who understand the process. Even to
-the thinning ranks of heroes of the Civil War the scenes of 1861-1865
-are but a fading memory; cherished, it is true, and often called up from
-among the dim pictures of the past, but after all, only the vision of a
-dream. Artists have painted and sketched and engraved, with more or less
-fidelity to fact and detail, those "scenes of trial and danger." Their
-pictures can be but imaginary conceptions of the artist. Fortunately,
-our Government authorized courageous photographers to skillfully secure
-with their cameras the reflection, as in a mirror, of the thrilling
-scenes of the conflict. These views vividly renew the memories of the
-war days. The camp, the march, the battlefields, the forts and trenches,
-the wounded, the prisoners, the dead, the hurriedly-made graves, and
-many other of those once familiar scenes are photographically portrayed
-and perpetuated.
-
-As a record of a crisis in the history of the world, these negatives are
-worth their weight in gold. Their value is such that they cannot be
-handled, except with great care, or removed for exhibition purposes.
-They are in a vault in Hartford, Connecticut, where the owner is very
-willing to allow the public, especially the Veterans of the Civil War,
-to examine them. It is desired to have the old negatives become of as
-much service to the public-at-large as possible and for this purpose is
-compiled this partial catalogue from the collection. Whenever the
-condition of the negative permits, Mr. Eaton is willing to allow the
-privilege of printing a proof. This is especially granted to Old
-Soldiers or Grand Army Posts who desire certain original photographs of
-scenes in which they participated. The service of this collection,
-inasmuch as it pertains to commendable purposes, is here extended to the
-American People who are no longer "Federal" and "Confederate."
-
-
-
-
-THIS is a partial list of the negatives in the Eaton Collection of
-Original Negatives taken on the Battlefields during the Civil War of the
-United States, under the protection of the Secret Service. They include
-all phases of army life. The cameras followed, not only the Eastern Army
-and the Army of the West, but accompanied the Naval Fleets and were
-present in many demonstrations. Veterans of the Civil War are cordially
-invited to visit Hartford and inspect these negatives. Proofs will be
-taken from any negative here registered, for Grand Army Veterans or
-Posts, providing sufficient reasons are given with the request, which
-should be sent direct to the owner of the collection, Mr. Edward B.
-Eaton, Hartford, Connecticut.
-
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC
-
-                     APRIL, 1861, TO AUGUST, 1861.
-
-                       _Three Months' Campaign._
-
-Long Bridge. Washington, D. C., L.7824.
-
-Christ church, Alexandria, where General Washington attended, S.2301.
-
-Marshall House, Alexandria, Va., S.1189.
-
-Slave-pen, Alexandria, Va., L.7264. S.1003, S.1174.
-
-Ruins of Norfolk navy-yard, 8.984.
-
-Ruins of Harper's Ferry arsenal, S.655.
-
-Ruins of bridge across Potomac River at Berlin, S.658.
-
-Fairfax court-house, S.298.
-
-Fairfax seminary, S.2322.
-
-Fairfax church, S.2323.
-
-Taylor's tavern, near Fall's Church, S.2320.
-
-Cub Run, S.307.
-
-Bull Hun, S.1111.
-
-Battlefield of Bull Run, S.1046.
-
-Ruins of stone bridge, Bull Run, L.7082, S.310, S.312.
-
-Sudley church, S.315, S.316, S.1017, S.1148.
-
-Sudley Ford, Bull Run, S.313, S.314.
-
-Thorburn's house, Bull Run, S.317.
-
-Matthews's house, Bull Run, S.318.
-
-Robinson's house, Bull Run, S.319, S.1176.
-
-Ruins of Henry's house, Bull Run, S.320.
-
-Headquarters of General Beauregard (confederate) at Manassas, S.327.
-
-Stone church, Centreville, S.302.
-
-Mrs. Spinner's house, near Centreville, S.308, S.309.
-
-Grigsby House (Stevens's house), near Centreville, S.1163, S.303.
-
-Soldier' graves, Bull Run, S.321.
-
-Dedication of monument on battlefield of Bull Run, L.7362, L.7363,
-L.7364.
-
-Monument on battlefield of Bull Run, L.7532, S.1193, S.1194.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC.
-
-                     AUGUST, 1861, TO MARCH, 1862.
-
-Headquarters of General McClellan at Fairfax Court House, Va., (also
-used by General Beauregard) L.7142, S.299.
-
-Camp of Tenth Massachusetts Infantry, S.2421.
-
-Signal tower near camp of Fourteenth New York Infantry, S.2352.
-
-Camp of Thirty-fifth New York Infantry, S.2422.
-
-Camp of Seventy-first New York Infantry, S.2413, S.2415.
-
-Camp of Thirty-first Pennsylvania Infantry, Queen's farm, near Fort
-Slocum, Virginia, S.2409, S.2410, S.2412.
-
-Camp scenes in camp of Thirty-first Pennsylvania Infantry, S.2405,
-S.2406.
-
-Review of Dwight's brigade, 8.2419, S.2420.
-
-Newspaper dealer in camp, C.1378.
-
-Sunday services in camp of Sixty-ninth New York Infantry, S.3713.
-
-Professor Lowe's balloon, S.2349, S.2350.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC.
-
-                      MARCH, 1862, TO JULY, 1862.
-
-                         _Peninsula Campaign._
-
-Battery No. 1, in front of Yorktown, L.7094, S.361, S.362, S.363, S.364,
-S.365.
-
-Battery No. 4, in front of Yorktown, S.373, S.374, S.375, S.376, S.377,
-S.378, S.379, S.380.
-
-Naval battery in front of Yorktown, S.463.
-
-Battery Magruder (confederate), Yorktown, S.2360, S.2361, S.2362.
-
-Confederate fortifications, Yorktown, S.450, S.451, S.452, S.453, S.458,
-S.1026, S.2364, S.2365, S.2366, S.2367, S.2368, S.2369, S.2425.
-
-Confederate fortifications, Yorktown, with exploded gun, S.455. S.2370.
-
-Ravine at Yorktown in which confederate magazines located, S.447.
-
-Confederate water battery at Gloucester Point, S.454, S.457, S.460,
-S.461.
-
-Yorktown Landing, S.2383.
-
-Artillery park at Yorktown Landing, S.2358.
-
-Wagon park at Yorktown Landing, S.2357.
-
-Sally-port at Yorktown, S.2371.
-
-Street view in Yorktown, S.2372.
-
-Court-house, Yorktown, S.2375, S.2376.
-
-Church, used as Second Corps hospital, Yorktown, S.2374.
-
-Baptist church and hospital of Third Division, Sixth Corps, Yorktown,
-S.2373.
-
-Cornwallis's headquarters during Revolutionary war, S.2336.
-
-Headquarters of General Magruder (confederate), Yorktown, Va., S.449.
-
-Cornwallis Cave, Yorktown, used by confederates for magazine, S.2379,
-S.2380.
-
-Captain Perkins's "Secesh," horse captured at Cornwallis Cave, Yorktown,
-S.2381.
-
-Confederate winter quarters near Yorktown, S.2377.
-
-Camp scene in front of Yorktown--quarters of Dr. Grant and Dr. Dwight,
-of French's brigade, S.2378.
-
-Farnhold's house, near Yorktown, May, 1862, S.360.
-
-Moore's house, near Yorktown, S.462.
-
-Clark's house, near Yorktown--used as hospital, S.371.
-
-House used by General La Fayette during Revolutionary war as
-Headquarters, S.369, S.372.
-
-Tabb's house, Yorktown, L.7413.
-
-=Camp Winfield Scott, headquarters Army of Potomac, in front of
-Yorktown, May, 1862:=
-
---views of camp, S.350, S.367, S.368.
-
---Prince de Joinville, Duc de Chartres, Comte de Paris, English army
-officers, and officers of General McClellan's staff, S.352, S.353,
-S.354.
-
---staff and foreign officers at General McClellan's headquarters, S.429,
-S.355.
-
---Prince de Joinville, Duc de Chartres, and Comte de Paris at mess
-table, S.356, S.358.
-
---group of staff officers at General McClellan's headquarters, S.388.
-
---group of English officers at General McClellan's headquarters, S.638.
-
---topographical engineers, S.366.
-
---group at photographer's tent, S.349.
-
---Captain Custer, U. S. A., and Lieutenant Washington, a confederate
-prisoner, May, 1862, S.428.
-
---orderlies and servants, S.359, S.444.
-
-Camp at General Andrew Porter's headquarters in front of Yorktown, May,
-1862, S.370.
-
-General Andrew Porter's staff, May, 1862, S.389.
-
-Generals Franklin, Slocum, Barry, and Newton, and staff officers, May,
-1862, S.381, S.382.
-
-Embarkation at Yorktown for White House Landing, S.2363.
-
-=Encampment of Army of Potomac at Cumberland Landing:=
-
---view of camp, L.7597, L.7598, L.7519, L.7648, S.1180.
-
---views making panoramic view, S.1076, S.1186, S.1212, S.1213, S.1214,
-S.1219.
-
---views making panoramic view, S.1215, S.1216, S.1217, S.1218.
-
---seven views making one panoramic view, S.1220, S.1221, S.1222, S.1223,
-S.1224, S.1225, S.1226.
-
-Foller's house, Cumberland Landing, S.385.
-
-Contrabands at Foller's house, Cumberland Landing, S.383.
-
-White House Landing, S.2485.
-
-Conway Landing, S.2490.
-
-View of river below White House Landing, S.2489.
-
-The White House, former residence of Mrs. Custis Washington, S.384.
-
-Ruins of the White House, S.2486.
-
-Camp of Christian Commission, at White House Landing, S.2487.
-
-Ruins of bridge across Pamunkey River, near White House Landing, S.386.
-
-Saint Peter's church, near White House, where General Washington was
-married, S.2302, S.2303.
-
-Headquarters Army of Potomac, at Savage Station, June, 1862, S.468.
-
-Field hospital, at Savage Station, after battle of June 27, 1862, S.491.
-
-=Battlefield of Fair Oaks:=
-
---house used as hospital for Hooker's division during the battle, S.478,
-S.479.
-
---house used as hospital, S.480.
-
---house near which over four hundred soldiers were buried, S.470.
-
---Sickles's brigade coming into line in distance, S.471.
-
---Quarle's house, S.474.
-
---earthworks at extreme front, S.472.
-
-Fort Richardson, near Fair Oaks Station, June, 1862, S.473.
-
-Fort Sumner, near Fair Oaks Station, June, 1862, S.476.
-
-Camp Lincoln, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, S.430.
-
-Battery,--First New York Artillery Battalion, near Fair Oaks, June,
-1862, S.443, S.640.
-
-Robertson's Battery of Horse Artillery, Battery B, Second United States
-Artillery, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, S.642, S.439.
-
-Benson's Battery of Horse Artillery, Battery M, Second United States
-Artillery, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, S.433, S.641.
-
-Gibson's Battery of Horse Artillery, Battery C, Third United States
-Artillery, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, S.431.
-
-Officers of Brigade of Horse Artillery, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862,
-S.434, S.639.
-
-General Stoneman, General Naglee, and staff officers, near Fair Oaks,
-June, 1862, S.436, S.438, S.445.
-
-Gun captured by Butterfield's brigade, near Hanover Court House, S.2353,
-S.2354.
-
-Mechanicsville, Va., S.909.
-
-Elliston's Mill, battlefield of Mechanicsville, S.920.
-
-Gaines's Mill, Va., S.932.
-
-Battlefield of Gaines's Mill, Va., unburied dead, S.914, S.916.
-
-Engineer Corps making corduroy roads, June, 1862, S.656.
-
-Bridge across Chickahominy River, built by Fifteenth New York Engineers,
-S.489.
-
-Grape Vine Bridge across Chickahominy River, L.7383.
-
-Bridge across Chickahominy River, S.930.
-
-Bridge across Chickahominy River, Mechanicsville Road, S.913.
-
-Telegraph station, Wilcox's Landing, S.2351.
-
-Westover House, James River, S.2334, S.2335.
-
-Westover Landing, James River, S.620.
-
-Officers of Third and Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry, Westover Landing,
-S.623, S.629.
-
-General W. W. Averell and staff, Westover Landing, S.635.
-
-Headquarters of Signal Corps camp at Harrison's Landing, S.621.
-
-General Sedgwick, Colonel Sackett, and Lieutenant-Colonel Colburn,
-Harrison's Landing, August, 1862, S.653.
-
-Group of officers that graduated in class of 1860, United States
-Military Academy, Harrison's Landing, August, 1862, S.624.
-
-Major Myers, Lieutenant Stryker, and Lieutenant Norton, Harrison's
-Landing, August, 1862, S.626.
-
-Group of officers belonging to Irish brigade, Harrison's Landing, July,
-1862, S.627.
-
-Lieutenants Jones, Bowen, and Custer, May, 1862, S.387.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC.
-
-                    JULY, 1862, TO SEPTEMBER, 1862.
-
-                           _Pope's Campaign._
-
-=Centreville, after its evacuation by confederate army in March, 1862:=
-
---confederate barracks, L.7212, S.331, S.332, S.648, S.1045.
-
---confederate fortifications, S.305, S.334, S.333, S.1144, S.1145.
-
---headquarters of (confederate) General Johnston, S.303.
-
-=Manassas, after its evacuation by confederate army in March, 1862:=
-
---destruction of railroad, L.7197.
-
---confederate fortifications, L.7171, S.323, S.543, S.544, S.545, S.546.
-
-Yellow hospital, Manassas, July, 1862, S.650.
-
-Headquarters of General McDowell, near Manassas, July, 1862, S.646,
-S.647.
-
-Our photographer, near Manassas, July, 1862, S.651.
-
-=Battlefield of Cedar Mountain:=
-
---general views, S.500, S.506, S.511.
-
---west view of the field, S.504.
-
---dead horses, S.510.
-
---house in which General Winder (confederate) was killed, S.501, S.502.
-
---house used as confederate hospital, S.507.
-
---Mrs. Hudson's house, S.505.
-
---Slaughter's house, position of confederate battery, S.508.
-
-Federal battery fording a tributary of the Rappahannock River on day of
-battle of Cedar Mountain, S.520.
-
-Hazel River, S.521.
-
-=Culpeper, Va.:=
-
---general views of town, S.216, S.527, S.530.
-
---court-house, S.523.
-
---railroad depot, S.528, S.529.
-
---street views, S.524, S.525, S.526.
-
-Troops building bridge across north fork of Rappahannock River, near
-Fauquier Sulphur Springs, S.512, S.513, S.515.
-
-Fugitive negroes fording Rappahannock River, escaping from advance of
-confederate army, S.518, S.519.
-
-Fauquier Sulphur Springs hotel, S.537, S.542.
-
-Rappahannock station, S.522.
-
-Rappahannock bridge, S.514, S.517.
-
-=Warrenton, Va.:=
-
---street views, S.532, S.534.
-
---court-house, S.533.
-
---railroad depot, S.535, S.536.
-
---church, S.736.
-
-Catlett's Station, August, 1862, S.594.
-
-Destruction of railroad rolling stock on Orange & Alexandria Railroad,
-S.593.
-
-=Battlefield of Manassas:=
-
---ruins of Mrs. Henry's house, S.320.
-
---Thorburn's house, S.317.
-
---Matthews's house, S.318.
-
---Robinson's house, S.319, S.1176.
-
-Bridge across Bull Run, built by Engineers of McDowell's corps, August,
-1862, S.547.
-
-Picket post near Blackburn's Ford, Bull Run, =S.=645.
-
-Sudley Ford, Bull Run, =S.=313, =S.=314.
-
-Sudley church, =S.=315, =S.=316, =S.=1017, =S.=1148.
-
-Ruins of stone bridge, Bull Run, =L.=7082, =S.=310, =S.=312.
-
-Ruins of bridge at Blackburn's Ford, Bull Run, =S.=2338.
-
-Bull Run, =S.=1111.
-
-Cub Run, =S.=307.
-
-Stone church, Centreville, =S.=302.
-
-Mrs. Spinner's house, near Centreville, =S.=308, =S.=309.
-
-Grigsby House (Stevens's house), near Centreville, =S.=1163, =S.=303.
-
-Fairfax court-house, =S.=298.
-
-Monument on battlefield of Groveton, =L.=7299, =S.=1193.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC.
-
-                  SEPTEMBER, 1862, TO NOVEMBER, 1862.
-
-                          _Antietam Campaign._
-
-=Battlefield at Antietam:=
-
---view of part of the field on the day of the battle, =S.=671.
-
---view on Antietam Creek, =S.=597.
-
---signal station on Elk Mountain, =L.=7270, =L.=7563, =S.=633.
-
---Antietam bridge, =S.=1178, =S.=1179.
-
---Antietam bridge, looking up stream, =L.=7214, =S.=578.
-
---Antietam bridge, looking down stream, =L.=7093, =S.=609.
-
---Antietam bridge, southeastern view, =S.=608.
-
---Antietam bridge, northeastern view, =S.=607.
-
---Antietam bridge, eastern view, =S.=583, =S.=610, =S.=614.
-
---Burnside bridge, looking up stream, =S.=584.
-
---Burnside bridge, northeastern view, =S.=615.
-
---Burnside bridge, southeastern view, =S.=600, =S.=601.
-
---Burnside bridge, southwestern view, =S.=613.
-
---Burnside bridge, northwestern view, =S.=612.
-
---Miller's house, =L.=7019.
-
---Newcomer's mill, =S.=582.
-
---Sherrick's house, =S.=598.
-
---Rullet's house, =S.=575.
-
---Ruins of Mumma's house, =S.=574.
-
---Real's barn, =S.=591.
-
---General Hooker's headquarters during the battle, =S.=576.
-
---Dunker church, =S.=573, =S.=1196.
-
---bodies of dead confederate soldiers alongside the fence on Hagerstown
-road, =S.=559, =S.=560, =S.=566, =S.=567.
-
---bodies of dead confederate soldiers near Sherrick's house, =S.=554,
-=S.=555, =S.=571.
-
---views on the field where Sumner's corps charged, =S.=552, =S.=562,
-=S.=564, =S.=568.
-
---views in the ditch on the right, showing many dead confederates,
-=S.=553, =S.=563, =S.=565.
-
---bodies of dead confederate soldiers, =S.=325, =S.=326, =S.=567.
-
---burying the dead, =S.=551, =S.=557, =S.=561, =S.=569.
-
---graves of federal soldiers at Burnside bridge, =S.=585.
-
---a lone grave, =S.=570.
-
---confederate wounded at Smith's barn after the battle; Dr. Hurd, of
-Fourteenth Indiana, in attendance, =S.=588, =S.=589, =S.=590, =S.=592.
-
-President Lincoln in General McClellan's tent at headquarters Army of
-Potomac, October, 1862, =S.=602.
-
-General Marcy and other officers at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-October, 1862, =S.=603.
-
-Blacksmith's forge and horse-shoers, at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-September, 1862, =S.=587.
-
-Group at secret-service quarters, headquarters Army of Potomac, October,
-1862, =S.=631.
-
-Major Allen Pinkerton, at secret-service quarters, October, 1826,
-=S.=618.
-
-Sharpsburg, Md., September, 1862, =S.=595, =S.=599.
-
-Lutheran church, Sharpsburg, Md., September, 1862, =S.=596.
-
-Pontoon bridges and ruins of stone bridge across Potomac River at
-Berlin, October, 1862,=L.=7437, =S.=616.
-
-=Harper's Ferry, W. Va.:=
-
---general views, =L.=7443, =L.=7649, =S.=654.
-
---Maryland Heights, =L.=7132, =L.=7441, =S.=1002.
-
---Loudoun Heights, =L.=7072.
-
---Maryland and, Loudoun Heights, =L.=7133.
-
---Bolivar Heights, =L.=7187.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC.
-
-                     NOVEMBER, 1862, TO JUNE, 1863.
-
-                       _Fredericksburg Campaign._
-
-Generals of the Army of the Potomac, November 10, 1862, =L.=7380.
-
-General A. E. Burnside and staff, Warrenton, Va., November, 1862,
-=L.=7186, =L.=7379, =L.=7382, =S.=1049.
-
-=Acquia Creek Landing:=
-
---distant views, =S.=673, =S.=674, =S.=681.
-
---wharves, =L.=7014, =L.=7446, =L.=7643, =S.=682.
-
---quartermaster's office, =L.=7108, =S.=176.
-
---commissary depot, =S.=680.
-
---group at hospital, =L.=7355.
-
---clerks at commissary depot, =L.=7322, =L.=7533.
-
---employees at quartermaster's wagon-camp, =L.=7323.
-
---Lieut.-Col. Sawtelle, Captain Forsyth, Dr. Wright, Lieut.-Col. Porter,
-and others, at Acquia Creek Landing, =L.=7320.
-
-Phillips's house, near Falmouth, =S.=677.
-
-Lacey's house, near Falmouth, =S.=697, =S.=698.
-
-=Fredericksburg:=
-
---view taken from Tyler's battery, =S.=676.
-
---panoramic view, =S.=683, =S.=1191.
-
---lower end of town, =S.=178.
-
---houses, showing effect of shelling on December 13, 1862, =S.=716,
-=S.=717, =S.=718, =S.=719, =S.=2511.
-
-Barnard's house, below Fredericksburg, destroyed during battle,
-=L.=7141.
-
-Marye's house, on Marye's Heights, in rear of Fredericksburg, rifle-pits
-in front, =S.=733, =S.=734.
-
-A frame house on Marye's Heights, in rear of Fredericksburg, showing
-effects of shot and shell, =S.=735.
-
-Embarkation of Ninth Corps at Acquia Creek Landing, February, 1863,
-=S.=679.
-
-=Headquarters Army of Potomac:=
-
---group of staff officers, =S.=693, =S.=695.
-
---Lieutenant-Colonel Dickinson and other officers, =L.=7467.
-
---Dr. Letterman, medical director, and other officers, =L.=7356.
-
---clerks in office of Assistant Adjutant-General, =S.=177.
-
---post-office, =L.=7314, =L.=7396.
-
---mail-wagon, =S.=296.
-
-General Alfred Pleasonton and Captain Custer, near Falmouth, April,
-1863, =L.=7551.
-
-General J. H. H. Ward and group, Acquia Creek Landing, February, 1863,
-=L.=7040.
-
-Colonel Graham and other officers, Falmouth, Va., March, 1863, =L.=7525.
-
-Captains Moore, Russell, and Chandler, of General Hooker's staff,
-Falmouth, Va., April, 1863, =L.=7552.
-
-Major Whitney, Captain Harrison, and Captain Owen, Warrenton, Va,
-November, 1862, =L.=7450.
-
-Company "I" Sixth Pennsylvania (Rush's lancers), near Falmouth, June,
-1863, =L.=7140.
-
-Camp of One Hundred and Fiftieth Pennsylvania Infantry, March, 1863,
-=S.=297.
-
-Headquarters of Sixty-first New York Infantry, and group of officers,
-near Falmouth, Va., April, 1863, =L.=7530, =L.=7531.
-
-Balloon Camp, near Falmouth, Va., March, 1863, =S.=678.
-
-Ambulance train of Engineer Brigade, near Falmouth, April, 1863,
-=L.=7523, =S.=516.
-
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC.
-
-                          JUNE AND JULY, 1863.
-
-                         _Gettysburg Campaign._
-
-Headquarters Army of Potomac, near Fairfax Court House, June, 1863,
-=L.=7507.
-
-Commissary tent, and Capt Howard and group, at headquarters Army of
-Potomac, near Fairfax Court House, June, 1863, =L.=7438, =L.=7549.
-
-=Emmettsburg, Md.:=
-
---view of the town, =S.=272.
-
---Farmer's Hotel, =S.=228.
-
---Mount Saint Mary's College, =L.=7234, =L.=7357, =S.=269, =S.=270.
-
---Saint Joseph's Academy, =L.=7473, =L.=7595, =S.=271.
-
-=Gettysburg, Pa.:=
-
---view of town from Culp's Hill, =L.=7360.
-
---view of town from the cemetery, =S.=273.
-
---college, =L.=7596.
-
---seminary, =S.=2393.
-
---office of Sanitary Commission, =S.=238.
-
---entrance to National Cemetery, July, 1865, =L.=7248, =L.=7489.
-
---dedication of monument, =S.=1159, =S.=1160.
-
---White's house, near Gettysburg, =L.=7465.
-
-=Battlefield of Gettysburg:=
-
---General Meade's headquarters, =S.=259, =S.=1167.
-
---General R. E. Lee's (confederate) headquarters, =S.=2394, =S.=2395.
-
---scene at Trossel's barn, where Ninth Massachusetts Battery was cut up,
-showing dead horses, =S.=266.
-
---scene at Trossel's house, near center of battlefield, =S.=248.
-
---bodies of dead confederate sharpshooters among the rocks in front of
-Little Round Top, =L.=7096, =S.=229, =S.=237, =S.=244, =S.=251, =S.=258,
-=S.=263.
-
---body of confederate soldier disemboweled by a shell, =L.=7258,
-=S.=274.
-
---a shattered caisson, and dead horses, =S.=226.
-
---bodies of confederate soldiers killed by fire of federal batteries on
-Round Top, =S.=236.
-
---bodies of dead in the "wheat field," near Emmettsburg road--scene of
-fighting on second day, =S.=227, =S.=239, =S.=256, =S.=257, =S.=260,
-=S.=268.
-
---bodies of dead confederate soldiers of South Carolina Regiment on the
-left of their line, =S.=240, =S.=250.
-
---bodies of dead confederate soldiers who were killed in fight on first
-day, collected for burial, =S.=233, =S.=235, =S.=245, =S.=246.
-
---bodies of dead in the woods In front of Little Round Top, =S.=249,
-=S.=252, =S.=253.
-
---views in the "slaughter pen" showing dead confederates at foot of
-Little Round Top, =S.=262, =S.=265, =S.=267.
-
---views of temporary intrenchments of federal troops on Little Round
-Top, =S.=230, =S.=231, =S.=241, =S.=247, =S.=255, =S.=261, =S.=264.
-
---views of Little Round Top, =L.=7318, =L.=7319, =L.=7491, =L.=7493.
-
---bodies of dead federal soldiers on the field where General Reynolds
-was killed, =S.=234, =S.=243.
-
-=Battlefield of Gettysburg,--Continued:=
-
---bodies of dead federal soldiers in front of Seminary Ridge, =S.=242.
-
---Little Round Top, =S.=2400.
-
---woods on federal left, showing wounded trees, or how the bullets flew,
-=S.=2386, =S.=2391.
-
---breastworks on federal left, =S.=2387.
-
---old cemetery gate, =S.=2388, =S.=2389.
-
-John L. Burns, the "hero of Gettysburg," recovering from his wounds,
-=S.=2401, =S.=2402.
-
-John L. Burns's cottage, =S.=2403.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC.
-
-                    AUGUST, 1863, TO DECEMBER, 1863.
-
-                      _Gettysburg to Mine Run._
-
-Destruction of Orange & Alexandria Railroad by the confederates on their
-retreat from Manassas in October, 1863, =S.=173, =S.=174.
-
-Rebuilding bridge on Orange & Alexandria Railroad, across Cedar Run,
-near Catlett's Station, =S.=343.
-
-Generals of the Army of the Potomac, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863,
-=L.=7329.
-
-=Headquarters Army of Potomac, Bealeton, Va.:=
-
---General Patrick's quarters near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, =L.=7120.
-
---sutler's tent, =L.=7216.
-
---Colonel Sharpe and officers of secret service, =S.=213.
-
---military telegraph operators, =L.=7311, =L.=7312, =L.=7358.
-
---officers of Signal Corps, =L.=7374.
-
---Captain Pierce, Captain Page, Captain Howell, Lieutenant Kelly,
-=L.=7332, =L.=7333, =L.=7375.
-
---wagons and horses of quartermaster's repair shops, =S.=276, =L.=7328.
-
---Captain Kimball's tent, =S.=215.
-
-"John Henry" at Headquarters Third Army Corps, staff officers, =L.=7339.
-
-Dr. Murray's house, near Auburn, Va., =L.=7081, =S.=224.
-
-General Pleasonton's headquarters, near Auburn, Va., =S.=275.
-
-Battery A, Fourth United States Artillery, Culpeper, Va., September,
-1863, =L.=7334.
-
-Headquarters of Battery,--United States Artillery, Culpeper, Va.,
-September, 1863, =L.=7341, =L.=7342.
-
-Officers of Eightieth New York Infantry (Twentieth N. Y. S. M.),
-Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, =L.=7071, =L.=7373.
-
-Camp of Ninety-third New York Infantry, near Bealeton, Va., August,
-1863, =S.=212, =S.=219.
-
-Officers of Ninety-third New York Infantry, near Bealeton, Va., August,
-1863, =L.=7515.
-
-Officers of regimental staff of Ninety-third New York Infantry, near
-Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, =L.=7011, =S.=284.
-
-Commissioned officers' mess, Company D, Ninety-third New York Infantry,
-near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, =S.=218.
-
-Non-commissioned officers' mess, Company D, Ninety-third New York
-Infantry, near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, =S.=217.
-
-Commissioned officers' mess, Company E, Ninety-third New York Infantry,
-near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, =S.=225.
-
-Commissioned officers' mess, Company F, Ninety-third New York Infantry,
-near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, =S.=220.
-
-Camp in the woods, near Culpeper, Va., November, 1863, =S.=223.
-
-General Custer and General Pleasonton, Warrenton, Va., October, 1863,
-=L.=7371.
-
-General Mott, General Ward, Colonels Austin, Brewster, and Farnum,
-October, 1863, =L.=7079, =S.=280.
-
-Lieutenant-Colonel Wood and other officers, Culpeper, Va., November,
-1863, =S.=222.
-
-Officers of Horse Artillery Brigade, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863,
-=L.=7076, =L.=7078, =L.=7083, =L.=7607.
-
-Surgeons of Second Division, Third Corps, Culpeper, Va., September,
-1863, =L.=7378.
-
-Catlett's Station, =S.=594.
-
-Rappahannock Station, =S.=522.
-
-Ruins of hotel at Fauquier Sulphur Springs, =L.=7092, =S.=293, =S.=1161.
-
-Residence of John Minor Botts, =L.=7123, =L.=7124, =L.=7125, =S.=286,
-=S.=287.
-
-=Warrenton, Va.:=
-
---street views, =S.=532, =S.=534.
-
---court-house, =S.=533.
-
---railroad depot, =S.=535, =S.=536.
-
---church, =S.=736.
-
-=Culpeper, Va.:=
-
---general views of town, =S.=216, =S.=527, =S.=530.
-
---court-house, =S.=523.
-
---railroad depot, =S.=528, =S.=529.
-
---street views, =S.=524, =S.=525, =S.=526.
-
---Wallack's house, =L.=7080.
-
-Headquarters of New York Herald in the field, near Bealeton, Va.,
-August, 1863, =L.=7235, =L.=7237, =S.=294.
-
-Newsboy in camp, =S.=617.
-
-Headquarters of Christian Commission, Germantown, Va., August, 1863,
-=L.=7471.
-
-Gimlet, a noted war-horse on the Rappahannock, =S.=643.
-
-Contrabands at leisure, =S.=221.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC
-
-                     DECEMBER, 1863, TO MAY, 1864.
-
-           _Winter Quarters at Brandy Station and Vicinity._
-
-View near Brandy Station, =L.=7624.
-
-=Headquarters Army of Potomac, April, 1864:=
-
----- eastern half of camp, =L.=7337, =L.=7495, =S.=130, =S.=131.
-
----- western half of camp, =S.=130, =L.=7327.
-
----- quarters of chief commissary, =L.=7325, =L.=7352.
-
----- officers' winter quarters, =L.=7126, =L.=7161, =L.=7163.
-
----- quarters of chief quartermaster (General Ingalls), =L.=7621.
-
----- army post-office, =L.=7587.
-
----- provost-marshal's office, =L.=7259.
-
----- General Patrick's quarters, =S.=125.
-
----- Colonel Sharpe's quarters, =S.=124, =S.=129.
-
----- Captain Harry Clinton's quarters, =L.=7326, =L.=7500, =S.=128.
-
----- commissary department, =S.=123.
-
----- camp of Military Telegraph Corps, =L.=7353, =S.=126.
-
----- quarters of scouts and guides, =S.=127.
-
----- quartermaster's repair shops, =S.=136.
-
-Headquarters of General D. B. Birney, =L.=7628.
-
-Headquarters of General J. H. H. Ward, =L.=7626, =L.=7627.
-
-Headquarters of First Brigade Horse Artillery, =L.=7157, =L.=7590,
-=L.=7634, =L.=7637.
-
-=Headquarters Third Army Corps:=
-
----- quarters of Colonel Howard, chief quartermaster, =L.=7277.
-
----- quarters of Captain Bates, =S.=133, =S.=137.
-
-A regimental winter headquarters, =L.=7309.
-
-Headquarters Fifth Army Corps, officers' quarters, =L.=7158.
-
-Headquarters Third Division, Cavalry Corps, =L.=7638.
-
-Sutler's tent, First Brigade Horse Artillery, =L.=7164, =L.=7165,
-=L.=7496.
-
-Field hospital of First Division, Second Corps, =L.=7301.
-
-Field hospital of Second Division, Second Corps, =L.=7305, =L.=7306.
-
-Field hospital of Third Division, Second Corps, =L.=7146, =L.=7632.
-
-Mail-wagon of Second Army Corps, =L.=7303.
-
-=Camp of United States Engineer Battalion, March, 1864:=
-
----- general views of camp, =L.=7310, =L.=7433, =L.=7560.
-
----- headquarters, =L.=7097.
-
----- officers' quarters, =L.=7109.
-
----- quarters of Co. D, =L.=7005.
-
-Camp of Eighteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, =L.=7650.
-
-Camp of One Hundred and Fourteenth Pennsylvania Infantry, =L.=7308,
-=L.=7612.
-
-Guard mounting of One Hundred and Fourteenth Pennsylvania Infantry,
-=L.=7613, =S.=134, =S.=135.
-
-Camp of Sixth New York Artillery, =L.=7265.
-
-=Camp of Fiftieth New York Engineers, near Rappahannock Station, March,
-1864,--Winter Camp:=
-
----- winter camp, general view, =L.=7461, =L.=7276, =L.=7276, =S.=138.
-
----- stockade entrance, =L.=7351.
-
----- sutler's hut, =L.=7290.
-
----- quarters of field and staff =L.=7293, =L.=7604, =L.=7608.
-
----- quarters of line officers, =L.=7614.
-
-General Meade, General Sedgwick, and staff officers, at headquarters
-Horse Artillery Brigade, =L.=7618, =S.=1228.
-
-Major William Riddle and group, at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-=S.=139.
-
-General Rufus Ingalls and other officers, at headquarters Army of
-Potomac, =L.=7497, =L.=7610.
-
-A dinner party at headquarters Army of Potomac, =S.=132, =S.=140.
-
-General Judson Kilpatrick and staff, Stevensburg, Va., =L.=7224,
-=L.=7516.
-
-Captain J. M. Robertson and staff, First Brigade Horse Artillery,
-=L.=7555, =L.=7589.
-
-Provost-marshals of Third Corps, =L.=7088, =L.=7402.
-
-Colonel Sharpe and officers of Secret Service Department, headquarters
-Army of Potomac, =L.=7202.
-
-Scouts and guides of Army of Potomac, =L.=7105, =L.=7294, =L.=7599.
-
-Clerks at headquarters Army of Potomac, =L.=7184.
-
-Clerks in provost-marshal's office at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-=L.=7130, =L.=7291.
-
-Canvas pontoon wagon, =L.=7128, =L.=7272.
-
-Canvas pontoon boat, =L.=7273.
-
-Pontoon wagon and boat (side view), =L.=7160, =L.=7181.
-
-Pontoon boat (front view), =L.=7074, =L.=7584.
-
-Pontoon boat (rear view), =L.=7585, =L.=7586.
-
-Ordnance train of Third Division, Cavalry Corps, =L.=7640.
-
-Military Telegraph Construction Corps, =L.=7117.
-
-Wagon park, near Brandy Station, =L.=7268.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC.
-
-                       MAY, 1864, TO JUNE, 1864.
-
-                         _Wilderness Campaign._
-
-=Belle Plain Landing, Potomac River:=
-
----- general view, =S.=708.
-
----- camp of Second New York Artillery and First Massachusetts
-Artillery, =S.=709, =S.=710.
-
-=Belle Plain Landing, Potomac River,--Continued:=
-
---distant views, =S.=2476, =S.=2477.
-
---pontoon wharves, =S.=705, =S.=707, =S.=2480, =S.=2482, =S.=2483.
-
---quartermaster's camp, =S.=704.
-
---camp of Sanitary Commission, =S.=2484.
-
---Sanitary Commission wagons, =S.=2478.
-
-Headquarters of Sanitary Commission at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864,
-=S.=737.
-
-Store-rooms of Sanitary Commission at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864,
-=S.=739.
-
-Cooking-tents of Sanitary Commission at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864,
-=S.=742.
-
-Officers and nurses of Sanitary Commission at Fredericksburg, Va., May.
-1864, =S.=741.
-
-Wounded soldiers from the Wilderness of Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864,
-=S.=740, =S.=2507.
-
-Burial of dead at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, =S.=2506, =S.=2508,
-=S.=2509.
-
-Soldiers filling their water-cart, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864,
-=S.=2504, =S.=2505.
-
-Soldiers drawing water, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, =S.=2512.
-
-Views of Fredericksburg, from north bank of Rappahannock River, =S.=178,
-=S.=683.
-
-Court-house, Fredericksburg, Va., =S.=713.
-
-Wagon-trains crossing Rappahannock River on pontoon bridge, below
-Fredericksburg, =S.=715.
-
-Battery-wagon of military telegraph corps, =S.=786.
-
-Evacuation of Port Royal, Rappahannock River, May 30, 1864, =S.=2491,
-=S.=2492.
-
-Ruins of bridge at Germania Mills, Rapidan River, May, 1864, =S.=700.
-
-Troops crossing pontoon bridges over Rapidan River, at Germania Mills,
-May, 1864, =S.=701, =S.=702.
-
-Massaponax church, May 21, 1864, =S.=729.
-
-Council of war, at Massaponax church, May 21, 1864, General Grant
-leaning over General Meade's shoulder, examining map, =S.=732, =S.=730,
-=S.=731.
-
-Confederate prisoners captured from Johnson's division of Ewell's corps,
-May 12, encamped at Belle Plain awaiting transportation, =S.=703.
-
-Beverly's house, near Spottsylvania court-house, used as headquarters by
-General Warren, May, 1864, =S.=728.
-
-View from Beverly's house, looking toward Spottsylvania court-house,
-May, 1864, =S.=727.
-
-Allsop's house, near Spottsylvania court-house, point of Ewell's attack
-on the federal right on May 19, (bringing in the wounded,) =S.=721.
-
-Confederate dead of Ewell's Corps on the field near Allsop's house after
-Ewell's attack on May 19, =S.=723, =S.=725, =S.=726.
-
-First Massachusetts Artillery burying the dead at Mrs. Allsop's house
-after Ewell's attack of May 19, =S.=722, =S.=724.
-
-=Canvas pontoon bridge across North Anna River at Jericho Mills; point
-at which Fifth Corps crossed, May, 1864:=
-
---views from north bank, =S.=745, =S.=746, =S.=747.
-
---views from south bank, =S.=748, =S.=750.
-
---Fifth Corps ammunition train crossing, =S.=751.
-
-Fiftieth New York engineers constructing road on south bank of North
-Anna River at Jericho Mills, May, 1864, =L.=7304, =S.=749, =S.=1079.
-
-Chesterfield bridge, North Anna River, May, 1864, =S.=752, =S.=753.
-
-Confederate fortifications at Chesterfield bridge, North Anna River,
-captured by Second Corps, May, 1864, =S.=755, =S.=756.
-
-Destroyed railroad bridge across North Anna River, May, 1864, =S.=762.
-
-Quarle's Mill, North Anna River, May, 1864, =S.=757, =S.=758, =S.=761.
-
-Log bridge across North Anna River at Quarle's mill, where portion of
-Fifth Corps crossed and carried enemy's line of works on crest of hill,
-May, 1864, =S.=759, =S.=760.
-
-Pontoon bridges over North Anna River, on which portion of Second Corps
-crossed, May, 1864, =S.=763, =S.=764, =S.=765.
-
-Bethel church, headquarters of General Burnside, May, 1864, =S.=744.
-
-Canvas pontoon bridges over the Pamunkey River at Hanovertown Ferry,
-May, 1864, =L.=7395, =S.=766, =S.=767.
-
-Pontoon bridge over the Pamunkey River at Mrs. Nelson's crossing, May,
-1864, =S.=768.
-
-Ruins of bridge over Pamunkey River at Mrs. Nelson's crossing, May,
-1864, =S.=769.
-
-Old Church hotel, near Cold Harbor, June, 1864, =S.=770.
-
-Burnett's house, near Cold Harbor, June, 1864, =S.=771.
-
-Camp in the woods at Cold Harbor, June, 1864, =S.=772.
-
-Part of battlefield of Cold Harbor, =S.=1173.
-
-Collecting remains of the dead on battlefield of Cold Harbor, months
-after the battle, for permanent burial, =S.=918.
-
-Photographer's camp at Cold Harbor, =S.=2447.
-
-=Charles City, Va., June, 1864:=
-
---views of court-house, June, 1864, =S.=773, =S.=774, =S.=775, =S.=776,
-=S.=777, =S.=778.
-
---view of jail, June, 1864, =S.=779.
-
---ruins of town, June, 1864, =S.=780.
-
-Marshes on north bank of James River, at point at which Army of Potomac
-crossed, June, 1864, =S.=960.
-
-Pontoon bridge over James River, on which Army of Potomac crossed, June,
-1864, =L.=7484, =S.=781, =S.=2465.
-
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC
-
-                      JUNE, 1864, TO APRIL, 1865.
-
-                         _Siege of Petersburg._
-
-Six different views on James River at City Point, =S.=793, =S.=798,
-=S.=799, =S.=958, =S.=2452, =S.=2453.
-
-Seventeen different views on the docks at City Point, =L.=7044, =S.=794,
-=S.=795, =S.=796, =S.=797, =S.=812, =S.=813, =S.=2456, =S.=2457
-=S.=2458, =S.=2459, =S.=2460, =S.=2449, =S.=2450, =S.=2454, 8.2455,
-=S.=3332.
-
-View on docks at City Point after explosion of ordnance barges,
-=L.=7254, =L.=7255, =L.=7449.
-
-Railroad depot, City Point, =S.=2461.
-
-General hospital, City Point, =L.=7134, =L.=7399, =L.=7664.
-
-Hospital landing and medical supply boat Planter, on Appomattox River,
-near City Point, =L.=7050, =S.=1038.
-
-Group of staff officers at General Grant's headquarters, =S.=3401,
-=S.=3402.
-
-Stable at General Grant's headquarters, =L.=7004.
-
-Cattle corral near City Point, =S.=2462, =S.=2463.
-
-Generals of the Army of Potomac, =L.=7100, =L.=7252.
-
-Non-commissioned officers of General Grant's cavalry escort, City Point,
-March, 1865, =L.=7445.
-
-Group of provost-guard at headquarters Army of Potomac, February, 1865,
-=L.=7251.
-
-Camp of Third Pennsylvania Cavalry at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-February, 1865, =L.=7298.
-
-Camp of Oneida Cavalry at headquarters Army of Potomac, February, 1865,
-=L.=7112.
-
-Camp of military telegraph operators at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-August, 1864, =S.=282.
-
-Group of officers at headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864,
-=L.=7135, =L.=7136.
-
-Capt. H. P. Clinton and clerks, at headquarters Army of Potomac, August,
-1864, =L.=7529, =L.=7537.
-
-Military telegraph operators at headquarters Army of Potomac, August,
-1864, =L.=7478, =S.=1023, =S.=1025, =S.=1030, =S.=1032, =S.=1033.
-
-Assistant engineers and draughtsmen at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-November, 1864, =L.=7106, =L.=7107, =L.=7116.
-
-Officers of First Massachusetts Cavalry at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-August, 1864, =L.=7390, =L.=7490.
-
-Officers and non-commissioned officers of First Massachusetts Cavalry at
-headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864 =L.=7354, =L.=7391.
-
-Company C, First Massachusetts Cavalry, at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-August, 1864, =L.=7295.
-
-Company D, First Massachusetts Cavalry, at headquarters Army of Potomac.
-August, 1864, =L.=7392, =L.=7476.
-
-Detachment of Third Indiana Cavalry at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-November, 1864, =L.=7023, =L.=7068.
-
-=One Hundred and Fourteenth Pennsylvania Infantry provost-guard at
-headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864:=
-
---officers, =L.=7137, =L.=7138, =L.=7316, =L.=7602.
-
---officers of Company--,=L.=7144, =L.=7145, =L.=7173.
-
---Company F, =L.=7003, =L.=7038, =L.=7143, =L.=7175, =L.=7447.
-
---Company G, =L.=7108, =L.=7348.
-
---Company H, =L.=7077, =L.=7262, =L.=7263.
-
-=United States Engineer Battalion, August, 1864:=
-
---Company A, =L.=7062, =L.=7384, =L.=7386.
-
---Company C, =L.=7240, =L.=7568.
-
---Company D, =L.=7054, =L.=7548.
-
---Essayon's Dramatic Club, =L.=7336, =L.=7439.
-
---Battalion headquarters, =L.=7065.
-
-=Camp of Fiftieth New York Engineers, November, 1864:=
-
---colonel's quarters, Colonel Spaulding at the door, =L.=7059, =S.=1047.
-
---headquarters, =L.=7167, =S.=1028, =S.=1048.
-
---surgeon's quarters, =L.=7233.
-
---officers' quarters and church, =L.=7210, =L.=7213, =S.=344, =S.=3338.
-
---church, =L.=7151, =S.=345, =S.=3339, =S.=3340.
-
---commissary department, =L.=7060.
-
-Officers of the Fiftieth Now York Engineers celebrating the 4th of July,
-1864, =S.=790, =S.=791.
-
-Camp of Thirteenth New York Artillery, =S.=2495, =S.=2496.
-
-Sutler's tent, Second Division, Ninth Corps, =S.=2448.
-
-Winter headquarters of Sixth Army Corps, February, 1865, =L.=7545.
-
-Headquarters of General O. B. Willcox, August, 1864, =L.=7222.
-
-Winter quarters of photographers attached to United States Engineer
-Battalion, March, 1865, =L.=7347.
-
-Winter camp of Second Wisconsin Infantry, February, 1865, =L.=7543.
-
-Camp of chief ambulance officer of Ninth Corps, August, 1864, =L.=7538,
-=L.=7667, =S.=818.
-
-A summer camp in the woods, August, 1864, =L.=7152, =L.=7154, =S.=1037.
-
-Execution of Johnson (a colored soldier) for attempted rape, June, 1864,
-=S.=783.
-
-Troops drawn up to witness execution of a deserter, August, 1864,
-=S.=983.
-
-Commissary depot at Cedar Level, August, 1864, =S.=819, =L.=7182,
-=L.=7645.
-
-Surgeons of First Division, Ninth Corps, October, 1864, =L.=7448.
-
-Surgeons of Second Division, Ninth Corps, October, 1864, =L.=7567,
-=L.=7575.
-
-Hospital stewards of Second Division, Ninth Corps, October, 1864,
-=L.=7296, =L.=7571.
-
-Surgeons of Third Division, Ninth Corps, August, 1864, =L.=7042,
-=L.=7063.
-
-Surgeons of Fourth Division, Ninth Corps, August, 1864, =L.=7045,
-=L.=7046.
-
-Chaplains of Ninth Corps, October, 1864, =L.=7049.
-
-Employees of quartermaster of First Division, Ninth Corps, forage
-department, November, 1864, =L.=7569.
-
-Employees of quartermaster of First Division, Ninth Corps, mechanics,
-November, 1864, =L.=7048.
-
-Surgeon Brinton and others, October, 1864, =L.=7564.
-
-=Outer line of confederate fortifications captured by Eighteenth Corps
-on June 15, 1864:=
-
---redoubt near Dunn's house, =S.=784, =S.=785, =S.=1027.
-
---redoubt and curtain, =S.=1137.
-
---interior view, with Cowan's 1st New York battery in occupation,
-=S.=787, =S.=788, =S.=2343.
-
-Confederate camp captured by Eighteenth Corps, June 15, 1864, =S.=782.
-
-The "Dictator"--13-inch mortar, August, 1864, =L.=7394, =L.=7463,
-=S.=820, =S.=822.
-
-Railroad battery, =S.=1171, =S.=1245.
-
-Bomb-proof soldiers' restaurant on the lines, =S.=1051.
-
-General view from the signal tower, =L.=7631.
-
-Bomb-proof quarters in federal camp, =S.=118, =S.=801, =S.=802, =S.=803,
-=S.=804, =S.=805, =S.=806, =S.=808, =S.=809, =S.=810, =S.=950, =S.=1053,
-=S.=1065, =S.=1073, =S.=3336, =S.=3337.
-
-=Fort Sedgwick ("Fort Hell"):=
-
---interior views, showing bomb-proof quarters of garrison, =L.=7534,
-=S.=1084, =S.=1093, =S.=1094, =S.=1095, =S.=3334, =S.=3335.
-
---officer's bomb-proof quarters in Fort Sedgwick, =S.=1085.
-
---interior view of the fort, looking south from its center, =L.=7633.
-
-View of federal line, looking from right of Fort Sedgwick to the left,
-=L.=7115.
-
-Fort Steadman, interior view, =S.=1086, =S.=3341, =S.=3342, =S.=3343.
-
-Crow's Nest battery and lookout, =S.=2494.
-
-Confederate fortifications at Gracie's salient, =L.=7018, =S.=1059,
-=S.=1060, =S.=1061.
-
-Fort McGilvery, confederate fortifications, =S.=1050, =S.=1052,
-=S.=1054, =S.=1057, =S.=1058, =S.=1063, =S.=1064, =S.=1066, =S.=1067,
-=S.=1068, =S.=1069, =S.=1071, =S.=1072, =S.=1074, =S.=1075, =S.=1091.
-
-Fortifications on the lines, not known whether federal or confederate,
-=S.=35, =S.=950, =S.=1055, =S.=1062, =S.=1070, =S.=1096, =S.=1097.
-
-"High Bridge," across Appomattox River, Southside Railroad, =L.=7162,
-=L.=7179, =L.=7286, =L.=7287, =S.=1013, =S.=1184.
-
-McLean's house, scene of General Lee's surrender, =L.=7191, =L.=7292,
-=S.=1210.
-
-Appomattox court-house, =L.=7169, =L.=7189, =L.=7193, =S.=1164.
-
-First wagon-train entering Petersburg, =L.=7172, =S.=951.
-
-=Petersburg, Va.:=
-
---view of gas works, showing effect of bombardment, =S.=1021, =S.=1182.
-
---view of planing-mills, showing effect of bombardment, =S.=1104.
-
---Blandford church, =L.=7269, =S.=1089, =S.=1090.
-
---street views, =S.=952, =S.=959, =L.=7444.
-
---female seminary, =L.=7315.
-
---Michler's cottage, =L.=7485.
-
---Brant's house, =L.=7522.
-
---Appomattox River above city, =S.=1092.
-
---Johnson's mill, =L.=7207, =S.=1102, =S.=1103.
-
---merchant's mill, =L.=7113.
-
---cotton mills, =S.=1081, =S.=1082, =S.=1083, =S.=1087, =S.=1088,
-=S.=1098, =S.=1100, =S.=1101, =S.=1105, =S.=1106, =S.=1107, =S.=1108,
-=S.=1110, =S.=1112, =S.=1113, =S.=1114.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                           ARMY OF THE JAMES.
-
-Bermuda Hundred Landing--distant view, taken from City Point, =S.=2451.
-
-Signal tower on left of Bermuda Hundred lines, near Appomattox River,
-=L.=7006, =S.=1015, =S.=2500, =S.=2501, =S.=2502.
-
-Army bridge across James River, near Varina Landing, =L.=7174, =S.=953,
-=S.=954.
-
-Varina Landing, James River, =S.=10, =S.=957.
-
-Aiken's house, near Varina Landing, James River, =S.=2464.
-
-Signal station on James River, =S.=2503.
-
-Transports and monitors in James River, near Deep Bottom, =S.=2466.
-
-Dutch Gap Canal, =L.=7482, =S.=955, =S.=956, =S.=1121, =S.=1122.
-
-Federal obstructions in Trent's Reach, James River, =S.=2475.
-
-Confederate gunboat sunk in James River, above Dutch Gap Canal,
-=S.=1124.
-
-Views on James River between Dutch Gap Canal and Drewry's Bluff, =S.=22,
-=S.=23, =S.=1128, =S.=1133.
-
-Confederate obstructions in James River, near Drewry's Bluff, =S.=1116,
-=S.=1117, =S.=3350, =S.=3351.
-
-=Fort Darling (confederate), Drewry's Bluff, James River:=
-
---exterior views, =S.=1118, =S.=1119, =S.=1123, =S.=1126, =S.=3347.
-
---interior views, =S.=55, =S.=56, =S.=1138, =S.=3344, =S.=3345,
-=S.=3346, =S.=3352, =S.=3353.
-
-Confederate water battery, Fort Darling, Drewry's Bluff, James River,
-=S.=1120, =S.=3348, =S.=3349.
-
-=Confederate battery at Howlett House, Trent's Reach, James River:=
-
---general views, =S.=13, =S.=14.
-
---traverse and gun, =S.=15, =S.=17, =S.=18, =S.=19, =S.=20, =S.=21.
-
-Confederate battery on James River, above Dutch Gap, =S.=24, =S.=25,
-=S.=26, =S.=27, =S.=28, =S.=32, =S.=34, =S.=36, =S.=38, =S.=39, =S.=41,
-=S.=42, =S.=43, =S.=44, =S.=45, =S.=46, =S.=47, =S.=48, =S.=49, =S.=50,
-=S.=51, =S.=52, =S.=53, =S.=54, =S.=58.
-
-Fort Brady, interior view, =S.=2316.
-
-Fort Brady, building winter quarters, =S.=2315.
-
-Fortifications on the lines to the right of Fort Brady, =S.=2314.
-
-Fort Burnham, previously confederate Fort Harrison, =S.=2498.
-
-Headquarters Tenth Army Corps, General Alfred Terry, =S.=2443.
-
-Headquarters Second Division, Tenth Corps, General Birney, =S.=2446.
-
-Headquarters Eighteenth Corps, General Godfrey Weitzel, =S.=2445.
-
-Headquarters of General Adelbert Ames, =S.=2347.
-
-General R. =S.= Foster's Headquarters, near Fort Brady, =S.=2317.
-
-Camp of Fifth Pennsylvania Cavalry, =S.=2497.
-
-Interior of Surgeon McKay's quarters, =S.=1024.
-
-Surgeon McKay and others, Army of the James, =L.=7442.
-
-Surgeons of Tenth Army Corps, =L.=7194.
-
-Contrabands on Aiken's farm, =S.=2497.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                         CITY OF RICHMOND, VA.
-
-                            IN APRIL, 1865.
-
-General views of the city, =L.=7026, =L.=7110, =L.=7159, =L.=7623,
-=S.=875, =S.=3621, =S.=3622.
-
-Panoramic view of the city, =S.=881, =S.=882, =S.=3619, =S.=3620.
-
-Views in the "burnt district," =S.=856, =S.=857, =S.=858, =S.=864,
-=S.=872, =S.=900, =S.=901, =S.=902, =S.=903, =S.=904, =S.=905, =S.=906,
-=S.=942, =S.=943, =S.=944, =S.=945, =S.=946, =S.=3355, =S.=3356.
-
-Ruins of Mayo's bridge, =L.=7574, =S.=874, =S.=1181.
-
-Ruins of Richmond & Danville Railroad bridge, =L.=7646, =S.=853,
-=S.=869.
-
-Ruins of Richmond & Petersburg Railroad bridge, =S.=846, =S.=870,
-=S.=885, =S.=3361.
-
-Ruins of paper mill, =S.=867.
-
-Ruins of arsenal, =L.=7561, =S.=848, =S.=861, =S.=863, =S.=879, =S.=887,
-=S.=888, =S.=889, =S.=907.
-
-Ruins of State armory, =L.=7030, =S.=865.
-
-Ruins of State armory, and view down James River, =L.=7111, =L.=7236,
-=S.=883, =S.=884.
-
-Ruins of Gallego flour-mills, =L.=7031, =L.=7176, =L.=7177, =S.=854,
-=S.=886, =S.=908, =S.=939.
-
-Haxall & Crenshaw flour-mills, =S.=852, =S.=880.
-
-Ruins of Exchange Bank, =S.=3357.
-
-Ruins of Southern Express office, =S.=3354.
-
-Tredegar iron-works, =L.=7542, =S.=847, =S.=862, =S.=3358.
-
-Views on canal basin, =L.=7033, =S.=940, =S.=947.
-
-Views on the canal, =L.=7617, =S.=941, =S.=868, =S.=940.
-
-Libby Prison, =L.=7557, =S.=873, =S.=895, =S.=3364, =S.=3365.
-
-Kerr's tobacco factory, storehouse for federal supplies for prisoners,
-=S.=894.
-
-Castle Thunder, =L.=7616, =S.=859, =S.=897, =S.=3362, =S.=3363,
-=S.=3617.
-
-Views on Belle Isle, =S.=871, =S.=876, =S.=891.
-
-Pontoon bridge across James River, =S.=1011, =S.=3372, =S.=3373.
-
-View of James River from Hollywood Cemetery, =S.=929.
-
-Views of James River during freshet, =S.=877, =S.=878.
-
-State capitol, =S.=3359, =S.=3360.
-
-Governor's mansion, =S.=3378.
-
-General Washington's headquarters, =S.=935.
-
-Residence of Jefferson Davis, President of Confederate States, =S.=911,
-=S.=3376.
-
-Residence of Alexander H. Stephens, Vice-President of Confederate
-States, =S.=912.
-
-Residence of General Robert E. Lee, =L.=7087, =S.=925, =S.=3375.
-
-Washington Monument, =L.=7028, =S.=855, =S.=919.
-
-Henry Clay Monument, =S.=3383.
-
-Monumental Church, =S.=928, =S.=3369.
-
-First African Church, =S.=3368.
-
-Saint Paul's Church, =S.=937.
-
-Saint John's Church, =S.=3366, =S.=3367.
-
-Ballard House, =S.=921.
-
-Spotswood House, =S.=938.
-
-City Hall, =S.=850, =S.=923.
-
-City almshouse, =S.=860.
-
-Street views, =S.=866, =S.=926, =S.=927, =S.=936.
-
-=Hollywood Cemetery:=
-
---graves of confederate soldiers, =S.=931, =S.=1020.
-
---tomb of President Monroe, =L.=7372, =S.=910, =S.=3379.
-
---grave of General J. E. B. Stuart, =S.=3618.
-
-Wagon-train of military telegraph corps, June, 1865, =L.=7183, =L.=7239.
-
-Operators of military telegraph, June, 1865, =L.=7481.
-
-New York newspaper correspondents' row, =S.=3370.
-
-Headquarters of Christian Commission, =S.=3371.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                         ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE.
-
-Chickasaw Bayou, Mississippi, =S.=394.
-
-Battlefield of Chickasaw Bluffs, Mississippi, =S.=395.
-
-Poison spring on battlefield of Chickasaw Bluffs, Mississippi, =S.=396,
-=S.=922.
-
-Big Black River Station, Mississippi, =S.=392.
-
-Battlefield of Big Black River, Mississippi, =S.=1056.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                         PORT ROYAL EXPEDITION.
-
-Fort Beauregard, Bay Point, Saint Helena Island, S. C., November, 1861,
-=S.=203, =S.=204, =S.=205.
-
-Fort Wallace (or Walker), Hilton Head, S. C., November, 1861, =S.=207.
-
-Siege train, Hilton Head, S. C., November, 1861, =S.=166.
-
-Graves of sailors at Hilton Head, killed during bombardment of forts,
-=S.=187.
-
-Coosaw Ferry, Port Royal Island, S. C., =S.=183, =S.=201.
-
-Mock battery at Seabrook Point, Port Royal Island, S. C., built by
-Seventy-ninth New York infantry, =S.=161.
-
-Natural arch at Seabrook Point, Port Royal, S. C., =S.=202.
-
-Building pontoon bridge near Beaufort, S. C., March, 1862, =S.=157.
-
-Officers' mess, at Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862, =S.=208.
-
-Fiftieth Pennsylvania Infantry, Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862,
-=S.=156.
-
-General I. I. Stevens, Beaufort, S. C., March, 1862, =S.=1183, =S.=164.
-
-General I. I. Stevens and staff; Beaufort, S. C., March, 1862, =S.=163.
-
-Signal station at Beaufort, S. C., formerly residence of J. G. Barnwell,
-February, 1862, =S.=172.
-
-Fuller's house, Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862, =S.=162, =S.=168.
-
-Rhett's house, Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862, =S.=155.
-
-Boat landing, Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862, =S.=171.
-
-Old tomb on Rhett's plantation, Port Royal Island, S. C., =S.=158.
-
-Smith's plantation, Port Royal Island, S. C., =S.=151, =S.=152, =S.=154.
-
-Preparing cotton for the gin, =S.=159.
-
-Mill's plantation, Port Royal Island, S. C., =S.=169, =S.=211, =S.=1177.
-
-Dock at Hilton Head, built by soldiers, April, 1862, =S.=170.
-
-Headquarters of General Hunter at Hilton Head, April, 1862, =S.=209.
-
-Army bakery, Hilton Head, April, 1862, =S.=210.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                         SIEGE OF FORT PULASKI.
-
-Exterior view of front after bombardment, April, 1862, =S.=188.
-
-Exterior view of rear, April, 1862, =S.=189.
-
-Exterior view of side, April, 1862, =S.=193.
-
-Distant view of breach, April, 1862, =S.=190.
-
-Close view of breach, April, 1862, =S.=192.
-
-Interior view of breach, April, 1862, =S.=191.
-
-Interior view of rear parapet, April, 1862, =S.=194.
-
-Interior view of front parapet, April, 1862, =S.=198.
-
-A dismounted mortar, April, 1862, =S.=199.
-
-The "Jeff Davis" gun, April, 1862, =S.=196.
-
-The "Beauregard" gun, April, 1862, =S.=197.
-
-Interior view of parapet with guns "Jeff Davis," "Beauregard," and
-"Stephens" in position, April, 1862, =S.=200.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                        FORT FISHER EXPEDITION.
-
-Fleet of Fort Fisher Expedition In Hampton Roads, December, 1864,
-=L.=7432, =S.=836.
-
-Admiral Porter's flagship Malvern, Norfolk, Va., December, 1864,
-=L.=7147.
-
-Admiral Porter and staff on board flagship Malvern, Norfolk, Va.,
-December, 1864, =L.=7227, =L.=7244, =L.=7541.
-
-=Fort Fisher:=
-
---panoramic view of land face (part 1), =L.=7297, (part 2) =L.=7480,
-=L.=7168, (part 3) =L.=7170, (part 4) =L.=7242.
-
---views on land face, =L.=7149, =L.=7572, =L.=7635.
-
---first six traverses on sea face, =L.=7335.
-
---sixth to eleventh traverse on sea face, =L.=7577.
-
---from tenth traverse to end on sea face, =L.=7573.
-
---interior view of first traverse, northwest end, showing entrance to
-fort, =L.=7196.
-
---interior view of first three traverses on land front, =L.=7440,
-=S.=1229.
-
---interior view of a traverse on land front, =L.=7056, =S.=1236.
-
---interior view at southeast end, showing site of main magazine,
-=L.=7057.
-
---interior view of first six traverses on sea face, =L.=7101.
-
---ten different interior views of traverses, showing guns dismounted and
-destruction caused by bombardment, =L.=7061, =L.=7195, =L.=7243,
-=S.=1230, =S.=1233, =S.=1235, =S.=1238, =S.=1239, =S.=1241, =S.=1242.
-
---interior view of "the pulpit," =L.=7535, =S.=1240.
-
---Armstrong gun, =L.=7073, =S.=1234.
-
-Battery Lamb, on sea front of Fort Fisher, =L.=7119, =L.=7622, =S.=1232.
-
-Battery Buchanan, near Fort Fisher, =S.=1231.
-
-Quartermaster and commissary office, near Fort Fisher, =L.=7209.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                          SIEGE OF CHARLESTON.
-
-=Fort Sumter:=
-
---Interior views, showing how walls were strengthened, =S.=3457,
-=S.=3458, =S.=3459, =S.=3460.
-
---interior views on parapet, =S.=3461, =S.=3466.
-
---view from parapet, =S.=3464.
-
---view from east angle of parapet, facing Morris Island, =S.=3465.
-
---interior views at time of celebrating raising United States flag
-=S.=3454, =S.=3455, =S.=3456.
-
---exterior views showing cheveaux-de-frise and wires to protect against
-assaulting parties, =S.=3462, =S.=3463.
-
-Fort Moultrie, interior views, =S.=3467, =S.=3468, =S.=3469, =S.=3470,
-=S.=3473, =S.=3476, =S.=3477.
-
-=Fort Johnson:=
-
---interior views, =S.=3484, =S.=3485, =S.=3487, =S.=3488.
-
---interior view, looking toward Fort Sumter, =S.=3475.
-
---water battery, Fort Sumter in distance, =S.=3471, =S.=3472.
-
-Fort Putnam, interior views, =S.=3474, =S.=3478, =S.=3479, =S.=3480,
-=S.=3481, =S.=3482, =S.=3483.
-
-Fort Marshall, interior view at northeast angle, =S.=3486.
-
-Wreck of blockade-runner Colt, off Sullivan's Island, =S.=3411.
-
-=City of Charleston:=
-
---view of city from top of orphan asylum, =S.=3419, =S.=3420.
-
---view of city from top of Mills House, looking up Meeting Street,
-=S.=3440.
-
---headquarters of General Hatch, =S.=3429.
-
---house on Broad Street in which federal officers were confined under
-fire, =S.=3449, =S.=3450.
-
---Roper's Hospital, =S.=3434.
-
---ruins on the battery, effects of the bombardment, =S.=3451.
-
---ruins of Northeastern Railroad depot, =S.=3452, =S.=3453.
-
---ruins of Secession Hall, where first ordinance of secession was
-passed, =S.=3447.
-
---Hibernian Hall, =S.=3439.
-
---Circular Church, =S.=3441, =S.=3442.
-
---ruins opposite Circular Church, =S.=3448.
-
---Saint Michael's Church, =S.=3437.
-
---Unitarian and German Lutheran Churches, =S.=3436.
-
---ruins of Roman Catholic Cathedral, burned in 1861, =S.=3443, =S.=3444,
-=S.=3445, =S.=3446.
-
---ruins of Dr. Gadsden's house, effects of bombardment, =S.=3438.
-
---city hall, =S.=3432.
-
---post-office, =S.=3426, =S.=3427.
-
---market house, =S.=3428.
-
---Charleston Hotel, =S.=3431.
-
---orphan asylum, =S.=3422, =S.=3423, =S.=3424, =S.=3425.
-
---offices of United States Treasury agent and quartermaster, =S.=3435.
-
---Governor Aiken's house, =S.=3433.
-
---grave of John C. Calhoun, =S.=3421.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                                 NAVY.
-
-Ruins of Norfolk navy-yard, =S.=984.
-
-Steam frigate Pensacola, off Alexandria, June, 1861, =S.=103.
-
-Deck and turret of the original "Monitor," July, 1862, =S.=486, =S.=659.
-
-Officers of the original "Monitor," July, 1862, =S.=390, =S.=487,
-=S.=492, =S.=1077.
-
-Crew of the original "Monitor," July, 1862, =S.=490, =S.=660.
-
-Iron-clad gunboat Galena, after her attack on Fort Darling, July, 1862,
-=S.=488, =S.=652.
-
-Gunboat Yankee at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, =S.=714.
-
-Confederate blockade-runner Teaser, captured by the United States
-gunboat Maritanza, July, 1862, =L.=7414, =L.=7426.
-
-Gunboat Maritanza, as she appeared immediately after capture of
-blockade-runner Teaser, July, 1862, =S.=484.
-
-Bow gun on confederate blockade-runner Teaser, July, 1862, =S.=481.
-
-One hundred-pounder gun on confederate blockade-runner Teaser, July,
-1862, =S.=482.
-
-Dock of confederate blockade-runner Teaser, showing destruction caused
-by shell fired by United States gunboat Maritanza, July, 1862, =S.=483.
-
-Gunboat Santiago de Cuba, Hampton Roads, December, 1864, =L.=7226.
-
-School-ship Sabine, Hampton Roads, December, 1864, =L.=7415.
-
-Steamer Malvern, Admiral Porter's flagship on the Fort Fisher
-expedition, Norfolk, Va., December, 1864, =L.=7147.
-
-Admiral Porter and staff, on flagship Malvern, Hampton Roads, December,
-1864, =L.=7244, =L.=7227, =L.=7541.
-
-Gunboat Fort Donelson, Norfolk, Va., December, 1864, =L.=7416.
-
-Gunboat Fort Jackson, Norfolk, Va., December, 1864, =L.=7425.
-
-Deck and turret of monitor Kaatskill, Charleston Harbor, S. C.,
-=S.=3412.
-
-Quarter-deck of Pawnee, Charleston Harbor, S. C., =S.=3408, =S.=3410.
-
-Gunboat Mendota, James River, Va., =S.=2471.
-
-Gunboat Commodore Perry, James River, Va., =S.=2472.
-
-The monitor Canonicus, James River, Va., =S.=2468, =S.=2469, =S.=2470.
-
-Officers on deck of Philadelphia, Charleston Harbor, S. C., =S.=3414.
-
-Admiral Dahlgren and staff, on deck of Pawnee, Charleston Harbor, S. C.,
-=S.=3413.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                   PORTRAITS OF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF
-                       UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT.
-
-Abraham Lincoln, President, =S.=1312.
-
-Hannibal Hamlin, Vice-President, =S.=1429.
-
-William H. Seward, Secretary of State, =S.=1431.
-
-Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of Treasury, =S.=1747.
-
-Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, =S.=1599.
-
-Edwin S. Stanton, Secretary of War, =S.=2208.
-
-Charles A. Dana. Assistant Secretary of War, =S.=2430.
-
-Gideon Welles, Secretary of Navy, =S.=1175, =S.=1375.
-
-John P. Usher, Secretary of Interior, =S.=1708.
-
-Edward Bates, Attorney-General, =S.=1741.
-
-James Speed, Attorney-General, =S.=2080.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                   PORTRAITS OF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF
-                     CONFEDERATE STATES GOVERNMENT.
-
-Jefferson Davis, President, =S.=1453.
-
-Alexander H. Stephens, Vice-President, =S.=1430.
-
-R. M. T. Hunter, Secretary of State, =S.=1740.
-
-Stephen R. Mallory, Secretary of Navy, =S.=1743.
-
-John H. Reagan, Postmaster-General, =S.=1996.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                       GRAND REVIEW OF THE ARMY.
-
-                WASHINGTON, D. C., MAY 22 AND 23, 1865.
-
-Fourteen different views at the reviewing-stand in front of Executive
-Mansion, =L.=7694, =L.=7749, =S.=1248, =S.=1249, =S.=1250, =S.=1251,
-=S.=1252, =S.=1253, =S.=1254, =S.=1255, =S.=1256, =S.=3388, =S.=3390,
-=S.=3391.
-
-Three different views looking up Pennsylvania Avenue towards Seventeenth
-Street from opposite reviewing-stand, =S.=1277, =S.=1278, =S.=1283.
-
-Fifteen different views looking down Pennsylvania Avenue from corner of
-Fifteenth Street, =S.=1257, =S.=1258, =S.=1259, =S.=1260, =S.=1261,
-=S.=1262, =S.=1263, =S.=1264, =S.=1265, =S.=1266, =S.=1267, =S.=1268,
-=S.=1269, =S.=1270, =S.=1271.
-
-Stand for spectators at corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Fifteenth
-Street, =S.=1276, =S.=1279.
-
-The public school children on west front of capitol, =L.=7748, =S.=1280,
-=S.=1281.
-
-Troops marching down Capitol Hill on west side of the Capitol, =S.=1282.
-
-View looking down Pennsylvania Avenue from corner of Ninth Street,
-=L.=7907.
-
-General John A. Logan and staff, and Army of Tennessee, passing in
-review, =S.=3321.
-
-General H. S. Wright and staff, and Sixth Army Corps, passing in review,
-=S.=3392.
-
-General H. W. Slocum and staff, and Army of Georgia, passing in review,
-=S.=3393, =S.=3394.
-
-General Jefferson C. Davis and staff, and Nineteenth Army Corps, passing
-in review, =S.=3395.
-
-Portion of Twentieth Army Corps passing in review, =S.=3396, =S.=3397,
-=S.=3398.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                  ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN.
-
-=Ford's Theater, place of assassination:=
-
---exterior view, =L.=7765.
-
---view of box in which President was assassinated, =S.=3403, =S.=3404.
-
---chair occupied by President at time of assassination, =S.=1939,
-=S.=3405, =S.=3406, =S.=3407.
-
-Howard's stable, place where Booth hired the horse on which he escaped,
-=L.=7766, =L.=7767.
-
-Lewis Payne, one of the conspirators, =L.=7769, =L.=7770, =L.=7771,
-=L.=7772, =L.=7773, =L.=7774, =L.=7775, =L.=7776, =L.=7777.
-
-Michael O'Laughlin, one of the conspirators, =L.=7768, =L.=7780,
-=L.=7783.
-
-Samuel Arnold, one of the conspirators, =L.=7778, =L.=7779.
-
-George A. Atzerot, one of the conspirators, =L.=7781, =L.=7782.
-
-David E. Harrold, one of the conspirators, =L.=7784, =L.=7785, =L.=7786.
-
-Edward Spangler, one of the conspirators, =L.=7787, =L.=7788.
-
-Unknown persons, arrested on suspicion, =L.=7789, =L.=7790, =L.=7791,
-=L.=7792, =L.=7793.
-
-=Execution of conspirators:=
-
---views of the scaffold before the execution, =L.=7757, =L.=7759.
-
---on the scaffold, =L.=7795.
-
---reading the warrant, =L.=7796.
-
---adjusting the ropes, =L.=7797, =L.=7799.
-
---the trap sprung, =L.=7798, =L.=7800.
-
---the graves, =L.=7760.
-
-Funeral procession of President Lincoln on Pennsylvania Avenue,
-Washington, D. C., =S.=1272, =S.=1273, =S.=1275.
-
-Funeral car of President Lincoln, =S.=1985.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                EXECUTION OF CAPTAIN WIRTZ (C. =S.= A.),
-                   THE BRUTAL KEEPER OF ANDERSONVILLE
-                              PRISON-PEN.
-
-Reading the death warrant, =L.=7752.
-
-Adjusting the rope, =L.=7753.
-
-Springing the trap, =L.=7754.
-
-Wirtz hanging, =L.=7755.
-
-Newspaper correspondents viewing the execution, =L.=7756.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                     CITY OF WASHINGTON, 1861-1865.
-
-=Office of Chief Signal Officer:=
-
---with Colonel Fisher and officers, =L.=7814, =L.=7848.
-
---with group of officers and clerks, =L.=7695.
-
-Central signal station, =L.=7683.
-
-Medical department, =L.=7811, =L.=7921.
-
-Quartermaster's office (Captain Tompkins), =L.=7840, =L.=7918, =L.=7919.
-
-Quartermaster's office (Seventh Street wharf), =L.=7876.
-
-Hospital of quartermaster's department, =L.=7812, =L.=7904.
-
-Government bakery, =L.=7859, =L.=7885.
-
-Mess-house at government stable, =L.=7674, =L.=7676.
-
-Mess-house of quartermaster's employees, =L.=7901, =L.=7902, =L.=7903.
-
-Quartermaster's warehouse, =L.=7013, =L.=7821, =L.=7831, =L.=7858,
-=L.=7870.
-
-Government horse-shoeing shop, =L.=7820.
-
-=Government repair shops:=
-
---wheelwright shop, =L.=7856, =L.=7878, =L.=7900.
-
---trimming shop, =L.=7700.
-
---paint shop, =L.=7701.
-
---carpenter shop, =L.=7836.
-
---blacksmith shop, =L.=7699, =L.=7864.
-
---ambulance shop, =L.=7834.
-
---office, =L.=7923, =L.=7925.
-
---general view, =L.=7922.
-
---street in rear, =L.=7888.
-
-General M. D. Hardin's headquarters, April, 1865, =L.=7883.
-
-General Alfred Pleasonton's headquarters, April, 1865, =L.=7838,
-=L.=7920.
-
-Old Capitol Prison, =S.=1019.
-
-Forest Hall Prison, =L.=7867.
-
-Park of artillery at arsenal, =L.=7250, =L.=7671, =S.=2283, =S.=2284,
-=S.=2285.
-
-Wiard guns at arsenal, =L.=7246, =S.=2286.
-
-Groups of clerks at War Department, =L.=7873, =L.=7899.
-
-Groups of clerks at Quartermaster-General's Office, =L.=7055, =L.=7826,
-=L.=7827, =L.=7828, =L.=7829, =L.=7855, =L.=7871, =L.=7872.
-
-Group of employees at quartermaster's depot, =L.=7891.
-
-Group of clerks at provost-marshal's office, =L.=7889.
-
-Office of Christian Commission, =L.=7718, =L.=7719, =L.=7720, =L.=7721.
-
-Long Bridge, =L.=7824.
-
-Long Bridge, after its destruction by freshet, =L.=7819.
-
-Fire at which Ellsworth's Zouaves distinguished themselves, =S.=2293.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                        DEFENCES OF WASHINGTON.
-
-Headquarters of defences of Washington, south of Potomac, August, 1865,
-=L.=7340.
-
-=Fort Corcoran=
-
---guard-house and guard, =L.=7841.
-
---rear entrance, =S.=2309
-
---loading big gun, =S.=2310
-
-Fort Lincoln, =L.=7409.
-
-Fort Lincoln, detachment manning the guns, Co. "H," 3d Massachusetts
-Artillery, =L.=7874
-
-Fort Richardson, view of interior, =S.=2311.
-
-Fort C. F. Smith, views of interior, Co's "F," "L," and "K," 2d New York
-Artillery, =L.=7672, =L.=7673, =L.=7675.
-
-=Fort Stevens:=
-
---views of interior and 3d Massachusetts Artillery, =L.=7692, =L.=7744,
-=L.=7803, =L.=7917.
-
---officers' quarters, 3d Massachusetts Artillery, =L.=7282, =L.=7696.
-
---barracks, 3d Massachusetts Artillery, =L.=7746, =L.=7897.
-
-Fort Slemmer, rear entrance, =S.=2318.
-
-=Fort Totten:=
-
---sally-port and group of 3d Massachusetts Artillery, =L.=7021.
-
---views of interior and group of 3d Massachusetts Artillery, =L.=7249,
-=L.=7253, =L.=7681, =L.=7687.
-
---officers' quarters, 3d Massachusetts Artillery, =L.=7261, =L.=7678.
-
---view of interior, =S.=2313.
-
-=Fort Whipple:=
-
---headquarters, =L.=7408.
-
---batteries in No. 2, =L.=7034.
-
---light battery, =L.=7669.
-
-Fort Woodbury, =S.=2319.
-
-Camp Barry, artillery depot, July, 1863, =L.=7010, =L.=7436.
-
-=Camp Stoneman, Griesboro, Md., cavalry depot:=
-
---general views, May, 1864, =L.=7015, =L.=7017.
-
---General Gamble, Major Sawyer, and officers, March, 1865, =L.=7808,
-=L.=7349, =L.=7835, =L.=7837.
-
---band and quarters, March, 1865, =L.=7350.
-
-Signal Corps camp, =L.=7724, =L.=7725, =L.=7727, =L.=7730, =L.=7732.
-
-Camp of Thirteenth New York Cavalry, Prospect Hill, =L.=7218, =L.=7722,
-=L.=7733, =L.=7736, =L.=7737, =L.=7739.
-
-Headquarters of General Hardin near Fort Slocum, =L.=7228, =L.=7431.
-
-Brigade headquarters near Fort Lincoln, =L.=7908, =S.=1147.
-
-Headquarters of General S. P. Heintzelman, Fort Lyon, =S.=2305.
-
-Roche's house, near Arlington House, =S.=2306.
-
-Headquarters of General Irwin McDowell, Arlington House, =S.=2307.
-
-Headquarters of General W. F. Bartlett, =L.=7020, =L.=7221, =L.=7223,
-=L.=7731.
-
-Headquarters of General A. McD. McCook, Brightwood, D. C., July, 1804,
-=L.=7205.
-
-Blair's house, Silver Springs, D. C., =S.=1012, =S.=1197.
-
-House near Fort Stevens, showing effect of shot during Early's attack on
-Washington, =S.=1018, =S.=1170.
-
-Soldiers' cemetery, near Fort Stevens, =L.=7682.
-
-Soldiers' cemetery at Soldiers' Home, =S.=1188.
-
-General A. McD. McCook and staff, Brightwood, D. C., July, 1864,
-=L.=7206, =L.=7660, =S.=1022.
-
-General C. C. Augur and staff, =L.=7118, =L.=7869, =S.=1001.
-
-Examining passes at Georgetown Ferry, =S.=290, =S.=291.
-
-Pontoon bridge between Georgetown and Analostan Island, =L.=7866.
-
-Block-house near Aqueduct Bridge, =S.=2282.
-
-Views of Georgetown, =L.=7685, =L.=7846, =L.=7894, =L.=7895.
-
-Views from Georgetown Heights, =L.=7823, =L.=7882.
-
-Aqueduct Bridge, Potomac River, =L.=7817, =S.=288, =S.=289, =S.=2308.
-
-Cabin John Bridge, Potomac River, =L.=7651.
-
-Chain Bridge, Potomac River, =L.=7655, =L.=7656, =L.=7657, =S.=2282,
-=S.=2290, =S.=2291.
-
-Foot-bridge, near Chain Bridge, =S.=2292.
-
-View on Cabin John Run, =S.=2287.
-
-Great Falls, Potomac River, =L.=7652, =L.=7653, =L.=7654.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                      HOSPITALS IN WASHINGTON AND
-                               VICINITY.
-
-Quartermasters' Hospital, =L.=7812, =L.=7904.
-
-Douglass Hospital, =L.=7816, =L.=7884.
-
-Tent Hospital in rear of Douglass Hospital, =L.=7924.
-
-Stanton Hospital, =L.=7914.
-
-=Armory Square Hospital:=
-
---chapel, showing dome of Capitol in the distance, =L.=7916.
-
---interior of Ward K, =L.=7822, =L.=7886, =L.=7887.
-
-=Harewood Hospital:=
-
---general views, =L.=7825, =S.=1014.
-
---exterior of Ward B, =S.=1209.
-
---interior of ward, =S.=1006, =S.=1007, =S.=1008.
-
---interior of mess-room, =S.=1168.
-
---officers' quarters, =L.=7663, =S.=1206.
-
---ambulance train, =S.=1146.
-
-Tent hospital at Kendall Green, =S.=1208.
-
-Ruins of Kalorama Hospital, May. 1865, =L.=7690.
-
-Surgeons at Finlay Hospital, April, 1864, =L.=7853.
-
-Surgeons at Seminary Hospital, April, 1865, =L.=7875.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                        CITY OF ALEXANDRIA, VA.
-
-Marshall House, where Colonel Ellsworth was killed, =S.=1189, =S.=2294,
-=S.=2295.
-
-Slave-pen, =L.=7264, =S.=1003, =S.=1174, =S.=2296, =S.=2297, =S.=2298,
-=S.=2299, =S.=2300.
-
-=Soldiers' Rest:=
-
---exterior views, July, 1865, =L.=7815, =S.=1039.
-
---interior of kitchen, July, 1865, =L.=7863.
-
-Lodge of Sanitary Commission, July, 1864, =S.=1203.
-
-Lodge of Sanitary Commission at convalescent camp, May, 1863, =S.=1204.
-
-Soldiers' cemetery, =L.=7256, =S.=1172.
-
-Christ Church, =S.=2301.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                  FORT MONROE AND HAMPTON, VA., 1864.
-
-=Fortress Monroe:=
-
---the sally-port, =S.=829.
-
---the parade-ground, =S.=830.
-
---the Lincoln gun, =L.=7419, =S.=833.
-
---exterior of officers' quarters in the casemates, =S.=832.
-
---interior of officers' Quarters in the casemates, =S.=835.
-
---group of officers and their families, =L.=7411.
-
---post band, =L.=7421.
-
---hygeia saloon, =L.=7420.
-
---quartermaster's office, =L.=7418, =L.=7422, =S.=838.
-
---the beach, =S.=839.
-
---light-house, =S.=837.
-
-Hampton, Va., =L.=7029, =L.=7412, =S.=841.
-
-Ruins of old church at Hampton, Va., =S.=16, =S.=459, =S.=405, =S.=466,
-=S.=467, =S.=1244.
-
-Chesapeake Hospital, Hampton, Va., =L.=7417, =L.=7427, =S.=840.
-
-Ammunition schooners in Hampton Roads, Va., =L.=7424.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                   SANITARY COMMISSION AND CHRISTIAN
-                              COMMISSION.
-
-Sanitary commissioners, =S.=1816.
-
-Central office of Sanitary Commission, Washington, D. C., =L.=7704,
-=L.=7706, =L.=7708, =S.=1198.
-
-Storehouse of Sanitary Commission, Washington, D. C., =L.=7709,
-=L.=7710.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7707.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7712.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7713.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7714.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7715.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7716.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7717.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =S.=1200.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =S.=1201.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =S.=1202.
-
-Wagon and outfit of field relief corps of Sanitary Commission, =L.=7711,
-=S.=1199.
-
-Lodge of Sanitary Commission, Alexandria, Va., =S.=1203.
-
-Office of Sanitary Commission, convalescent camp, near Alexandria, Va.,
-=S.=1204.
-
-Office of Sanitary Commission, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, =S.=737
-
-Storehouse of Sanitary Commission, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864,
-=S.=739.
-
-Cooking tents of Sanitary Commission, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864,
-=S.=742.
-
-Nurses and officers of Sanitary Commission, Fredericksburg, Va., May,
-1864, =S.=741.
-
-Wounded soldiers of Kearney's Division at Sanitary Commission,
-Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, =S.=740.
-
-Office of Sanitary Commission, Gettysburg, Pa., =S.=238.
-
-Camp of Sanitary Commission at Belle Plain Landing, May, 1864, =S.=2484.
-
-Wagons of Sanitary Commission at Belle Plain Landing, May, 1864,
-=S.=2478.
-
-Headquarters of Christian Commission in the field, Germantown, Va.,
-August, 1863, =L.=7471.
-
-Office of Christian Commission, Washington, D. C., =L.=7718, =L.=7719,
-=L.=7720, =L.=7721.
-
-Camp of Christian Commission at White House Landing, Va., =S.=2487.
-
-Headquarters of Christian Commission, Richmond, Va., =S.=3371.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                             MISCELLANEOUS.
-
-Levee at Vicksburg, Miss., February, 1864, =S.=391.
-
-Brazilian steamer, =L.=7830, =S.=346, =S.=347.
-
-Dix's autograph letter, "Shoot him on the spot," =S.=3763.
-
-Tomb of Washington's mother, Fredericksburg, Va., =S.=712.
-
-Residence of John Minor Botts, =L.=7123, =L.=7124, =L.=7125, =L.=7629,
-=S.=286, =S.=287.
-
-John Minor Botts and family, =L.=7121, =L.=7122.
-
-Pateilus's house, =L.=7745.
-
-Agricultural College near Bladensburg, Md., =L.=7428.
-
-Memorial tablet to Lieut. Henry B. Hidden, =L.=7462.
-
-Captain Huff's camp at Gettysburg, =L.=7231, =L.=7232, =L.=7247.
-
-Wounded Indian soldiers, =S.=2312.
-
-Manner of removing wounded, =L.=7285, =L.=7381, =L.=7636, =S.=304,
-=S.=1078.
-
-General Rufus Ingalls and group, City Point, Va., =L.=7284, =L.=7524,
-=L.=7619.
-
-Military Telegraph Corps, Major Eckert and group, =L.=7487.
-
-Group of artillery officers, Antietam, Md., September, 1862, =S.=579.
-
-Captain Clark and Captain Jane, =S.=2356.
-
-Two officers of General A. A. Humphrey's staff, =L.=7300, =L.=7404.
-
-Officers of staff of General Pierce, =L.=7368.
-
-Officers of staff of General Gersham Mott, =L.=7257.
-
-Officers of staff of General A. McD. McCook, Brightwood, D. C., July.
-1864, =L.=7070.
-
-Officers or Signal Corps camp, near Washington, D. C., =L.=7266,
-=L.=7728, =L.=7729.
-
-General Daniel Butterfield's horse, Falmouth, Va., April, 1863,
-=L.=7558.
-
-Captain Beckwith's horse, headquarters Army of Potomac, February, 1863,
-=L.=7278.
-
-General George G. Meade's horse, =L.=7370.
-
-General U. S. Grant's horses, Cold Harbor, Va., June 14, 1864, =S.=2429.
-
-General John A. Rawlins's horse, Cold Harbor, Va., June 14, 1864,
-=S.=2431.
-
-Captain Webster's horse, headquarters Army of Potomac, March, 1864,
-=L.=7307.
-
-Lieutenant King's horse, =L.=7376.
-
-Colonel Sharpe's horse, headquarters Army of Potomac, April, 1863,
-=L.=7321, =L.=7536.
-
-Major Allen (Pinkerton), of Secret Service Department, =L.=7468.
-
-William Wilson, headquarters Army of Potomac, =L.=7127.
-
-Mr. Talfor, engineer-draughtsman at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-=L.=7435.
-
-J. Furey, Quartermaster's Department, October, 1863, =L.=7469.
-
-A. R. Ward, artist for Harper's Weekly, =L.=7164, =S.=254.
-
-Mrs. Tynan and sons, Frederick, Md., =L.=7190.
-
-Captain Huff's clerk, =L.=7488.
-
-Frank C. Tilley (or Filley), =S.=1624.
-
-Discussing probabilities of next advance, =S.=175.
-
-Departure from the old homestead, =S.=306.
-
-A camp kitchen (tasting the soup), =S.=2416.
-
-Inauguration of President Grant, =S.=1284, =S.=1285, =S.=1286.
-
-Fifteen-inch gun, =L.=7909.
-
-Big gun, =L.=7659.
-
-Wiard guns, =L.=7012, =L.=7102, =L.=7832, =L.=7857.
-
-Park of artillery, =L.=7024.
-
-Army office wagon, =L.=7860.
-
-Arrival of a negro family in the lines, =S.=657.
-
-A picnic party at Antietam, =S.=581.
-
-A cavalry orderly, =S.=619.
-
-Camp fun, =S.=694.
-
-Mule team crossing a brook, =L.=7131.
-
-An old Virginia family carriage, =S.=743.
-
-And a large quantity of views not yet identified.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                      PORTRAITS OF ARMY OFFICERS.
-
-    NOTE.-- _Groups of regimental officers are catalogued under
-    title "Regiments and Batteries." Other groups, except generals
-    and their staffs, are catalogued under campaigns during which
-    taken, or under title "Miscellaneous."_
-
-Abbott, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. I. C., =S.=1469.
-Abercrombie, Brig.-Gen. J. J., =S.=1526.
-Abert, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W S., =S.=3178.
-Adams, Lieut.-Col. A. D., 27th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1964.
-Adams, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. P., =S.=1749.
-Adams, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. (in group), =L.=7390, =L.=7490.
-Adams, Col. J. W., 67th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2092.
-Alden, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., Col. 169th, N Y., =S.=3062.
-Alexander, Col. C. N., 2d D. C. Infantry S.2155, =S.=3755.
-Alexander, Lieut.-Col. T. L., 5th U. S. Infantry, =S.=1381.
-Alexander, Capt. T., 80th N. Y. Infantry, =L.=7605.
-Allaire, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., =S.=1917.
-Allen, Col., =S.=1676.
-Allen, Lieut.-Col. D. B., 154th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1444.
-Allen, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =S.=3108.
-Allen, Major W., paymaster, =S.=3773.
-Allen, Col. W. H., 1st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1735.
-Alvord, Brig.-Gen. B., =C.=4506.
-Ames, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =S.=1390, =S.=1728.
-Ames, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. and staff, =C.=4073.
-Arnes, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =C.=4666.
-Anderson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. N. L., =S.=3004.
-Anderson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =S.=1376, =S.=1753, =S.=3780.
-Andrews, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. C., =S.=2076.
-Andrews, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. L., =S.=1470, =S.=3732.
-Antisel, Surgeon T., =S.=3789.
-Armstrong, Bvt. Brig-Gen. S. C., Col. 8th U. S., =S.=1920.
-Arnold, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =C.=4667.
-Arrowsmith, Lieut., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=2116.
-Asboth, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =C.=4591.
-Aspinwall, Lieut.-Col. L., 22d N. Y. S. M., =S.=3733.
-Astor, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. J., =S.=1807.
-Audenreid. Bvt. Lieut.-Col. J. C., aide-de-camp, =S.=3757.
-Augur, Maj.-Gen. C. C., =S.=1400.
-Augur, Maj.-Gen. C. C. and staff, =L.=7118, =L.=7869, =S.=1001.
-Averell, Brig.-Gen W. W., =S.=1655.
-Averell, Brig.-Gen. W. W. and staff, =L.=7576, =S.=635.
-Avery, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =C.=4504.
-Ayres, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. B., =S.=1682.
-Babcock, Lieut. C. B., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1586.
-Babcock, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. E., =C.=4505.
-Bache, Capt. F. M., 16th U. S. Infantry, =S.=2439.
-Bagley, Lieut.-Col. J., 69th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1856.
-Bailey, Col. B. P., 86th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1866.
-Bailey, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=3235.
-Bailey, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. M., Col. 37th Pa., =S.=1854.
-Baird, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =S.=2115.
-Baker, Col. E. D., 71st Pa. Infantry, =S.=1459.
-Baker, Lieut. J. A., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1665.
-Baker, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L. C., =C.=4965.
-Ballier, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. F., Col. 98th Pa., =S.=2027.
-Banks, Maj.-Gen. N. P., =S.=1321.
-Banks, Maj.-Gen. N. P. and staff, =C.=4527, =C.=5194.
-Banta, Lieut.-Col. W. C., 7th Ind. Infantry, =S.=1794.
-Barlow, Maj.-Gen. F. C., =S.=1955.
-Barnard, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. G., =S.=1568, =S.=1641.
-Barnes, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. K., =C.=4477.
-Barnett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=5167.
-Barney, Col. E. L., 6th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1083.
-Barnum, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. A., =S.=2051.
-Barrett, Maj. O. D., 11th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=3832.
-Barry, Bvt. Maj. R. P., l6th U. S. Infantry, =S.=3871.
-Barry, Bvt, Maj.-Gen. W. F., =S.=1951, =S.=2018.
-Barry, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. F. and staff, =S.=429.
-Barstow, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. F. (in group), =L.=7957.
-Bartholemew, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. A., =S.=2614.
-Bartlett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. G., =S.=3091.
-Bartlett, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. J., =S.=1487, =S.=1769, =S.=2125, =S.=3716.
-Bartlett, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. F., =C.=4597.
-Bartlett, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. F. and staff, =L.=7217, =L.=7221.
-Barton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. B., Col. 48th N. Y., =S.=1604.
-Bartram, Lieut.-Col. N. B., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=3749.
-Batchelder, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. N., =S.=2600.
-Baxter, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. C., Col. 72d Pa., =S.=3014.
-Baxter, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H., =S.=3041.
-Baxter, Surgeon J. H., =S.=3833.
-Bayard, Brig.-Gen. G. D., =C.=4668.
-Bayles, Surgeon G., 4th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, =S.=1379.
-Beal, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. L., =S.=3020.
-Beatty, Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4742.
-Beaumont, Col. M. H., 1st N. J. Cavalry, =S.=1943.
-Beaver, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., =C.=4715.
-Beazell, Major J. W., paymaster, =S.=1395, =S.=1412.
-Beckwith, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. G. (in group), =C.=5194.
-Bedrer, Major R. P., =S.=1947.
-Beecher, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. C., =S.=1466.
-Belknap, Lieut.-Col. J., =S.=1841.
-Belknap, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. W., =S.=2034.
-Belknap, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. W. and orderlies, =C.=4060.
-Bell, Lieut.-Col. T. S., 51st Pa. Infantry, =S.=3737.
-Bendix, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. F., =S.=3201.
-Benedict, Ass't Surg. A. C., 1st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1458.
-Benedict, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L., =S.=1709.
-Benham, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. W., =S.=2096.
-Bennett, Gen. W. T., =S.=3099.
-Bensel, Capt. W. P., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1671.
-Benton, Lieut.-Col. R. C., 1st Vt. Heavy Artillery, =S.=1355.
-Benton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. H., =C.=4544.
-Benton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. P., =S.=3775.
-Berdan, Bvt. Brig-Gen. H., =S.=3771.
-Berry, Maj.-Gen. H. G., =S.=2224.
-Berthond, Col. A. P., 31st N. J. Infantry, =S.=3738.
-Betge, Col. R. J., 68th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2132.
-Betts, Lieut.-Col. G. F., 9th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1635.
-Biddle, Brig.-Gen. C. J., =S.=3221.
-Biddle, Col. G. H., 95th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1800.
-Bidwell, Lieut.-Col., =S.=1960.
-Bingham, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. H., =S.=3006.
-Birdwell, Brig.-Gen. D. D., =S.=1723.
-Birge, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. W., =C.=5178.
-Birney, Maj.-Gen. D. B., =S.=2216.
-Birney, Maj.-Gen. D. B. and staff, =L.=7153.
-Blackman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. M., =S.=2042.
-Blair, Maj.-Gen. Frank P., =S.=1704.
-Blair, Maj.-Gen. Frank P. and staff, =L.=7054.
-Blaisdell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=3111.
-Blanchard, Lieut.-Col. C. D., quartermaster, =S.=1475.
-Bleuker, Brig.-Gen. L., =S.=1738.
-Blunt, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A, P., =S.=1813.
-Bogert, Lieut. J. W., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1588.
-Bohlen, Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=2091
-Bonneville, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. L. E., =S.=1968.
-Bostwick, Maj., 12th. N. Y. S. M., =S.=1767.
-Bostwick, Lieut. C. B., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1662.
-Bostwick, Col. H., 71st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1578.
-Boughton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=2035.
-Bourri, Col. G., 68th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1519.
-Bowen, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. James, =S.=1952.
-Bowerman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. N., =S.=2652.
-Boyd, Maj. C., 5th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1450.
-Boyle, Brig.-Gen. J. T., =S.=3078.
-Brackett, Col. A. G., 9th Ill. Cavalry, =S.=1649.
-Bradley, Capt. J., quartermaster, =S.=1573.
-Bragg, Brig.-Gen. E. S., 6th Wisc. Infantry, =S.=1367, =S.=2036.
-Brandenstien, Capt. H., 46th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1824.
-Brannon, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. M., =S.=1490.
-Breck, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., =S.=2663.
-Brewster, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. R., =L.=7579, =S.=1842.
-Brewster, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. R. and staff, =L.=7343, =L.=7580.
-Brice, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. B. W., =C.=4499.
-Briggs, Brig.-Gen. H. S., =S.=1707.
-Britt, Lieut.-Col. J. W., 57th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1548.
-Broadhead, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. F., Col. 1st Mich. Cavalry, =S.=1958.
-Brooke, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. R., =S.=3046.
-Brooks, Maj.-Gen. W. T. H., =S.=3054.
-Brown, Lieut.-Col., =S.=3772.
-Brown, Lieut.-Col. A. C., 13th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1463.
-Brown, Brig.-Gen. E. B., =S.=3228.
-Brown, Maj. F., paymaster, =S.=2169.
-Brown, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. L., Col. 145th Pa. Infantry, =S.=3107.
-Brown, Col. J. M., 100th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2603.
-Brown, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. W., =C.=4669.
-Brown. Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O., =C.=4948.
-Brownlow, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. P., 1st Tenn. Cavalry, =S.=3077.
-Brumm, Maj. G. W., 50th Pa. Infantry, =L.=7271.
-Brusie, Ass't Surg. L., 3d Ind. Cavalry, =S.=1889.
-Buchanan, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. C., =C.=4793.
-Buck, Surg. E. J., 18th Wisc. Infantry, =S.=3798.
-Buck, Lieut.-Col. S. L., 2d N. J. Infantry, =S.=1706.
-Buckingham, Brig.-Gen. C. P., =S.=2175.
-Buckland, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. P., =C.=4741.
-Buell, Col. C., 169th N. Y Infantry, =S.=3740.
-Buell, Maj.-Gen. Don Carlos, =S.=1551.
-Buford, Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=2171.
-Buford, Maj.-Gen. J. and staff, =C.=4061.
-Buford, Maj.-Gen. N. B., =S.=1547.
-Bunting, Lieut. T. B., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1663.
-Burbank, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., Col. 2d U. S. Infantry, =S.=3101.
-Burger, Capt. A. A., =S.=2237.
-Burgess, Col., =S.=3739.
-Burke, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W., =C.=5176.
-Burling, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. C., Col. 6th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3102.
-Burnett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. L., Judge Advocate, =S.=2056.
-Burnham, Col. G. S., 22d Conn. Infantry, =S.=1477, =S.=3736.
-Burns, Brig.-Gen. W. W., =S.=3098.
-Burnside, Maj.-Gen., and Brady, the Photographer, =S.=2433.
-Burnside, Maj.-Gen. A. E., =S.=1625.
-Burnside, Maj.-Gen. A. E. and staff, =L.=7186, =L.=7379, =L.=7382,
-    =S.=1049.
-Burt, Lieut.-Col. E., 3d Me. Infantry, =S.=3779.
-Bussey, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C., =C.=4643.
-Busteed, Brig.-Gen. Richard, =S.=2180.
-Butler, Lieut. E. K., 69th N. Y. S. M., =S.=2255.
-Butler, Maj.-Gen. B. F., =S.=1406, =C.=4028.
-Butler, Maj.-Gen. B. F. and staff, =C.=4208.
-Butterfield, Maj.-Gen. D., =L.=7540, =S.=1651.
-Buxton, Surg. B. F., 5th Me. Infantry, =S.=1389.
-Cadwalader, Maj.-Gen. G., =C.=4670.
-Cake, Col. H. L., 96th Pa. Infantry, =S.=1817.
-Cadwell, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. C., =S.=1457.
-Cadwell, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. C. and staff, =S.=441, =S.=580.
-Callis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. B., =C.=4740.
-Cameron, Col. J., 79th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1637.
-Campbell, Col. D., 4th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1724.
-Campbell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. L. (in group), =L.=7957.
-Campbell, Surg. J., =S.=3725.
-Campbell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., =C.=4780.
-Canby, Maj.-Gen. E. R. S., =S.=3173.
-Candy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., Col. 66th Ohio Infantry, =S.=2181.
-Capehart, Lieut.-Col. C. E., 1st W. Va. Cavalry, =S.=1623.
-Capron, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =C.=4579.
-Carleton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A., =S.=3003.
-Carlin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. P., =C.=4659.
-Carmen, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. A., Col. 13th N. J. Infantry, =S.=1386.
-Carpenter, Maj. J. W., paymaster, =S.=1720.
-Carpenter, quartermaster, =S.=1687.
-Carr, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. B., =S.=2228.
-Carrington, Brig.-Gen. H. B., =S.=3060.
-Carroll, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. S., =S.=1913, =S.=3866.
-Carroll, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. S. and staff, =L.=7651.
-Carson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., =S.=2620.
-Carter, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. P., =S.=3056.
-Carter, Lieut. L., 50th Pa. Infantry, =L.=7410.
-Cary, Col. W. H., =S.=3787.
-Casey, Maj.-Gen. Silas, =S.=1710.
-Casey, Maj.-Gen. Silas and staff, =C.=4566.
-Cass, Col. T., 9th Mass. Infantry, =S.=3774.
-Cassidy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. L., 93d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2187, =S.=3068.
-Catlin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. S., =C.=4501.
-Chamberlain, Lieut.-Col. G. E., 1st Vt. Heavy Artillery, =S.=3735.
-Chamberlain, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. L., =S.=1859.
-Chambers, Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=3052.
-Chandler, Surg. C. M., 6th Vt. Infantry, =S.=2148.
-Chapman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. H., =S.=2441.
-Chapman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. H. and staff, =S.=2442.
-Chapman, Lieut.-Col. A. B., 57th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1398.
-Charles, Col. E. C., 42d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2005.
-Chase, Adjt. D. L., 78th and 102d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1779.
-Cheeseman, Surg. T. M., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1491.
-Chetlaine, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. L., =S.=2616.
-Chickering, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. E., =S.=3092.
-Childs, Lieut.-Col. J. H., 4th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1869.
-Chipman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. P., =C.=4500.
-Christensen, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. T., =S.=3009.
-Christian, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. H., =S.=2138.
-Chrysler. Bvt. Maj.-Gen. M. H., =S.=3051.
-Church, Surg. W. H., =S.=1691.
-Churchill, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., =S.=1460.
-Chustill, Maj. W. B., =S.=1959.
-Cilley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. P., =C.=5160.
-Clark, Captain E., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1684.
-Clark, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G., =C.=4720.
-Clark, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., =C.=4645.
-Clark, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. T., =S.=1580, =S.=1880.
-Clarke, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. F., =S.=1902, =C.=5194.
-Clay, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., =S.=3000.
-Clay, Maj.-Gen. C. M., =C.=4671.
-Clayton, Brig.-Gen. P., =C.=4986.
-Clitz, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. B., Col. 10th U. S. Infantry, =S.=1521.
-Cluseret, Brig.-Gen. G. P., =S.=2219.
-Cobb, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., =C.=4739.
-Coburn, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4738.
-Cochran, Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=1326.
-Cogswell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., 2d Mass. Infantry, =S.=2029.
-Cogswell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. and staff, =C.=4068.
-Colburn, Lieut.-Col. A. V., aide-de-camp, =L.=7043.
-Cole, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. W., =S.=3076.
-Colgate, Lieut.-Col. C. G., 15th N. Y. Engineers, =S.=1923.
-Collet, Col. M. W., 1st N. J. Infantry, =S.=1353.
-Connor, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. P. E., =S.=2124.
-Connor, Brig.-Gen. Selden, =S.=1764.
-Conrad, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=2661.
-Cook, Maj.-Gen. A. McD., =S.=1744.
-Cook, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. P. St. G., =C.=4599.
-Cook, Maj. W. W., 5th N. H. Infantry, =S.=1929.
-Cooper, Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=2066.
-Cooper, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., =S.=3236.
-Copeland, Lieut.-Col., =S.=1349.
-Coppinger, Adjt. J. B., 83d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1514.
-Corbin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. C., =S.=2617.
-Corcoran, Brig.-Gen. M., =S.=2234.
-Corley, Lieut. C., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1570.
-Corse, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. M., ("Hold the Fort,") =C.=4497.
-Coster, Col. C. R., 134th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3193.
-Couch, Maj.-Gen. D. N., =S.=3768.
-Coulter, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =C.=4724.
-Covode, Col. G. H., 4th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1848.
-Cowdin, Brig.-Gen. R., =S.=2217.
-Cox, Maj.-Gen. J. D., =C.=4672.
-Cox, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. C., =C.=4713.
-Cozzens, Sergt. F., =S.=1591.
-Cradlebough, Col. J., 114th Ohio Infantry, =S.=1775.
-Crandall, Surg. W. B., 16th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2156.
-Crane, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. H., =S.=1911.
-Crane, Maj. F. W., paymaster, =S.=1895.
-Crawford, Capt. J. S., 114th Pa. Infantry, =L.=7037.
-Crawford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. J., =C.=4784.
-Crawford, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. W., =S.=2095, =S.=3718, =S.=3807.
-Creiger, Lieut.-Col. J. A., 11th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1627.
-Crittenden, Maj.-Gen. T. L., =S.=1730.
-Crocker, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., =S.=630.
-Crocker, Brig.-Gen. M. M., =C.=4646.
-Crook, Maj.-Gen. G., =C.=4498, =C.=5121.
-Cross, Col. E. E., 5th N. H. Infantry, =S.=1983.
-Cross, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O., =S.=1606.
-Croxton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. T., =C.=5096.
-Cullum, Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=1712.
-Cummings, Lieut.-Col. C., 17th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1468.
-Cummins, Lieut.-Col. F. M., 124th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1366, =S.=1621.
-Cunningham, Capt., =L.=7483.
-Cunningham, Maj., =S.=1451.
-Curtin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. J., =S.=2038.
-Curtis, Lieut.-Col., =S.=1881.
-Curtis, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. N. M., =S.=2039.
-Curtis, Maj.-Gen. S. R., =S.=2075.
-Curtis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. B., =S.=3224.
-Custer, Maj.-Gen. G. A., =S.=1613.
-Cutler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L., =S.=1892.
-Dahlgren, Col. Ulric, =C.=4642.
-Dana, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. L., =S.=3748.
-Dana, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. J., =C.=4469.
-Dana, Maj.-Gen. N. J. T., =S.=1809.
-Daniels, Maj. R. R., =S.=1523.
-Dare, Lieut.-Col., 34th Pa. Infantry, =S.=2159.
-Davies, Maj.-Gen. H. E., =S.=1654.
-Davies, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. A., =S.=2101.
-Davis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. P., =S.=3206.
-Davis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=1425.
-Davis, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Jeff G., =L.=7080, =L.=7691, =S.=1162, =S.=2021.
-Davis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. W. H., =C.=4723.
-Day, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=3793.
-Dayton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. V., =S.=1777, =S.=2065.
-Deane, Maj. C. W., =S.=1791.
-De Golyer, Maj. S., 4th Mich. Cavalry, =S.=1992.
-De Hautville, Capt. F. S. G., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=1517.
-Deitzler, Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=3233.
-De Joinville, Prince, =S.=2097.
-De Lacy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=3226.
-De Lacy, Maj. W., 37th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2253.
-Dennison, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. W., =C.=4665.
-Dent, Brig.-Gen. F. T., =C.=4493.
-Denver, Brig.-Gen. J. W., =S.=1808.
-Derrom, Col. A., 25th N. J. Infantry, =S.=3741.
-De Russy, Capt. Isaac D., 1st U. S. Infantry, =S.=1698.
-De Russy, Brig.-Gen. G. A., =S.=1612.
-De Russy, Brig.-Gen. G. A. and staff, =L.=7215.
-De Trobriand, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. P. R., =S.=2117.
-Devens, Maj.-Gen. C. and staff, =C.=4178.
-Devereaux, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. F., =S.=3066.
-Devin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. C., =S.=1872, =S.=2048.
-Dewey, Brig.-Gen. J. A., =S.=3053.
-Dexter, Surg. J. E., 40th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1888.
-Dick, Maj. M. M., 105th Pa. Infantry, =S.=1725.
-Dickinson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=1446.
-Dilger, Capt. H., Ohio Artillery, =S.=3177.
-Dimock, Maj. J. J., 82d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1393.
-Diven, Surg., =S.=2203.
-Diven, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. S., =S.=1852.
-Dix, Maj.-Gen. J. A., =S.=1546.
-Dodd, Adjt. C. O., 5th N. H. Infantry, =S.=1838.
-Dodd, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L. A. (in group), =L.=7758.
-Dodge, Brig.-Gen. C. C., =S.=1555, =S.=1566.
-Dodge, Maj.-Gen. G. M., =S.=1672.
-Dodge, Col. J. A., 75th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3869.
-Donaldson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. L., =S.=2613.
-Dore, Sergt., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1619.
-D'Orleans, Louis Phillipe (Comte de Paris), aide-de-camp, =S.=3818,
-    =S.=3820.
-D'Orleans, R. (Duc de Chartres), aide-de-camp, =S.=3818, =S.=3819.
-D'Orville, Lieut, A., 6th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2112.
-Doubleday, Maj.-Gen. Abner, =S.=1497.
-Doubleday, Col. T. D., 4th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, =S.=1874.
-Doubleday, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=3312.
-Dougherty, Surg. A. N., =S.=1891.
-Downing, Maj. P. J., 42d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2106.
-Drew, Lieut.-Col. W. O., 2d D. C. Infantry, =S.=1362.
-Drinning, Maj., =S.=1432.
-Drum, Brig.-Gen. R. C., =C.=4492.
-Ducat, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. C., =C.=5166.
-Dudley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. W., =S.=2625.
-Duffie, Brig.-Gen. A. N., =S.=1565, =S.=2154.
-Duryee, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Abram, =S.=1374.
-Dustin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D., =S.=3847.
-Dustin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. and staff, =L.=7572.
-D'Utassy, Col. F. G., 39th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1496, =S.=2184.
-Dwight, Maj. W., 2d Mass. Infantry, =S.=1811, =S.=1814.
-Dwight, Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=1694.
-Dyer, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. B., =C.=5161.
-Dyer, Capt. C. G., 2d R. I. Infantry, =S.=1686.
-Easton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L. C. (in group), =L.=7963.
-Eaton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Amos B., =S.=1915.
-Eckel, Lieut. J. S., 50th Pa. Infantry, =L.=7359.
-Eckert, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. T., =S.=2057.
-Edwards, Col. C. S., 5th Me. Infantry, =S.=1509.
-Edwards, Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4646.
-Edwards, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. O., =S.=2028.
-Ekin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., =S.=1834.
-Elder, Lieut.-Col. A. B., 10th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3868.
-Ellett, Brig.-Gen. A. W., =S.=1745.
-Elliott, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. L., =S.=3216.
-Ellis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. V. H., 124th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2093.
-Ellsworth, Col. E. E., 11th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3175.
-Ely, Maj. G. B., paymaster, =S.=1792.
-Ely, Maj. John, =S.=1714.
-Emory, Maj.-Gen. W. H., =C.=4507.
-English, Lieut.-Col. James, =S.=1350.
-Enos, Maj. A. G. 8th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=2158.
-Ent, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. H., =S.=3266.
-Eustis, Brig.-Gen. H. L., =S.=3172.
-Everett, Surg. F., =S.=3809.
-Everdell, Col. W., 23d N. Y. S. M., =S.=1404.
-Ewing, Lieut.-Col. C., 4th N. J. Infantry, =S.=1648.
-Ewing, Brig.-Gen. Thomas, =S.=2054.
-Ewing, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H., =C.=4495.
-Ewing, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T., =C.=4484.
-Fairchild, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., =S.=3202.
-Fairchild, Brig.-Gen. L., =S.=1611.
-Fairman, Col. J., 96th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2232.
-Farnham, Lieut.-Col. N. L., 11th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1628.
-Farnham, Lieut.-Col. R., 15th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1479.
-Farnsworth, Brig.-Gen. E. J., =S.=2638, =S.=3106.
-Farnsworth, Brig.-Gen. J. F., =S.=1894.
-Farnum, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. E., =S.=1385.
-Farquhar, Lieut. F. U., Engineer Corps, =S.=2114.
-Farrell, Lieut., =S.=1484.
-Faulke, Col. A. G., =S.=3867.
-Ferrell, Capt. W. G., =S.=2130.
-Ferrero, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., =S.=807, =S.=1652.
-Ferrero, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. and staff, =L.=7053, =C.=5333.
-Ferry, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. O. S., =C.=5177.
-Fessenden, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. F., =S.=3745.
-Fessenden, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. D., =S.=1914.
-Finklemeier, Maj. J. P., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=3804.
-Finley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A., =C.=4788.
-Fisher, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. F. (in group), =L.=7848.
-Fisher, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W. and staff, =L.=7058.
-Fisk, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. B., =C.=4664.
-Fisk, Lieut.-Col. F. S., 2d N. H. Infantry, =S.=3849.
-Fletcher, Maj. A. W., paymaster, =S.=1732.
-Flint, Capt. E. A., 1st Mass. Cavalry, =L.=7403.
-Floyd, Lieut.-Col. H. C., =S.=1748.
-Foote, Maj. F., =S.=1418.
-Force, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. M. F., =C.=5099.
-Ford, Maj. G. W., 50th N. Y. Engineers, =L.=7166.
-Forsyth, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. A., =C.=4508.
-Forsyth, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W., February, 1863, =S.=214.
-Foster, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., =S.=1538, =S.=1605, =S.=1796.
-Foster, Maj.-Gen. J. G., =S.=3828.
-Foster, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. S., =S.=2026, =S.=2053.
-Foster, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. S. and staff, =C.=4043, =C.=4201.
-Fowler, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. B., =S.=3801.
-Fowler, Col. Henry, =S.=1906.
-Frank, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. P., =S.=3001.
-Franklin, Maj.-Gen. W. B., =S.=3795.
-Fremont, Maj.-Gen. John C., =S.=1315.
-French, Maj.-Gen. W. H., =L.=7345, =L.=7578, =S.=1884.
-French, Maj-Gen. W. H. and staff, =L.=7501, =L.=7502.
-Frost, Surg. C. P., 15th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1447.
-Fry, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. B., =S.=1377, =S.=1508.
-Fuller, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =S.=2031.
-Fullerton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., =C.=4782.
-Gaines, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. P., =S.=1327.
-Gansevoort, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. S. and staff, =L.=7723, =L.=7726,
-    =L.=7738.
-Gardiner, Maj. C. C., 27th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1703.
-Garfield, Maj.-Gen. James A., =S.=2218.
-Garland, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. John, =S.=1329.
-Gates, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. B., =S.=1827.
-Geary, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =S.=2033.
-Geddes, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. L., =S.=3064.
-Gerhardt, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=3097.
-Getty, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. W., =S.=3783.
-Gibbon, Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=1464.
-Gibbs, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =S.=1901.
-Gibson, Maj. Thomas, 14th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1543.
-Giesy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. H., =S.=3190.
-Gilbert, Surg. R. H., =S.=1552, =S.=3720.
-Gilbert, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. S. A., =C.=5048.
-Gillmore, Maj.-Gen. Q. A., =S.=2239.
-Gilman, Lieut. J. H., 1st U. S. Artillery, =S.=1372.
-Glasgow, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. L., =C.=4648.
-Goddard, Capt. R. H. I., aide-de-camp, =S.=1498.
-Goff, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N., =S.=3035.
-Goodell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. A., =C.=5182.
-Goodrich, Maj. Edwin R., =S.=1773.
-Goodrich, Maj. C. S. (Surgeon), =S.=2229.
-Gordon, Capt. G. A., 2d U. S. Cavalry, =S.=1482.
-Gordon, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. H., =S.=1855.
-Gorman, Brig.-Gen. W. A., =S.=1713.
-Gould, Lieut.-Col. E., 5th Mich. Cavalry, =S.=1439.
-Gould, Maj. W. P., paymaster, =S.=3794.
-Gouley, Ass't Surg. J. W. S., =S.=1909.
-Gowan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=2624.
-Graham, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Charles K., =S.=1963.
-Graham, Brig.-Gen. L. P., =S.=2631, =S.=3049.
-Granger, Maj.-Gen. Gordon, =S.=1787.
-Grant, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L. A., =S.=3095, =S.=3174.
-Grant, Gen. U. S., =L.=7947, =S.=1559.
-Greble, Lieut, J. T., 2d U. S. Artillery, =C.=4655.
-Greene, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. S., =S.=1867.
-Greene, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. D., =S.=3019.
-Gregg, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. McM., =S.=1756.
-Gregg, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. McM. and staff, =C.=4067, =C.=4075.
-Gregg, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. I., =S.=3090.
-Grierson, Maj.-Gen. B. H., =S.=3073.
-Griffin, Maj.-Gen. Charles (as Captain), =S.=1373.
-Griffin, Maj.-Gen. C. and staff, =L.=7064.
-Griffin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. G., =C.=5095.
-Grover, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C., =S.=3717.
-Grover, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. I. G., =S.=1677.
-Guiney, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Patrick R., =S.=3096.
-Gurney, Lieut. W., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1585.
-Guss, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H., =C.=4703.
-Hackleman, Brig.-Gen. P. A., =C.=4674.
-Hagadorn, Maj. F. A., 79th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1700.
-Hall, Col. H. B., =S.=3760.
-Hall, Lieut.-Col. H. H., 4th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, =S.=1921.
-Hall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., =S.=2637.
-Hall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A. and staff, =L.=7229, =L.=7915.
-Hall, Capt. T. E., quartermaster, =L.=7039.
-Halleck, Maj.-Gen. H. W., =S.=3845.
-Hallowell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. N., =S.=2665.
-Halpine, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. G., =C.=4962.
-Hamblin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen J. E., =S.=1476, =S.=2150.
-Hambright, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. A., =S.=3204.
-Hamilton, Maj. A., aide-de-camp, =S.=1501.
-Hamilton, Brig.-Gen. A. J., =S.=3875.
-Hamilton, Maj.-Gen. C. S., =S.=1982.
-Hamilton, Maj.-Gen. S., =S.=2230.
-Hamlin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C., =S.=3200.
-Hammell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., =S.=2671.
-Hammond, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4980.
-Hammond, Brig.-Gen. W. A., Surgeon General, =S.=1558.
-Hancock, Maj.-Gen. W. S., =S.=1877.
-Hardenburgh, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. B., =S.=1715.
-Hardie, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., =S.=1761.
-Hardin, Brig.-Gen. M. D., =S.=1831.
-Hardin, Brig.-Gen. M. D. and staff, =L.=7338, =L.=7429, =L.=7430.
-Harker, Brig.-Gen. C. G., =S.=3079.
-Harkins, Maj. D. H., 1st N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=3870.
-Harney, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. S., =L.=7928, =S.=1323.
-Harris, Col., =S.=1688. =C.=
-Harris, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. M., =S.=2023.
-Harrison, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Benjamin, =S.=3039.
-Harrison, Lieut.-Col. A. I., 22d Ind. Infantry, =S.=3776.
-Harrow, Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=3043.
-Hart, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. H., =L.=7139.
-Hartsuff, Maj.-Gen. G. L., =S.=1534.
-Hartsuff, Maj.-Gen. G. L. and staff, =L.=7571.
-Hartwell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A. (group), =L.=7194.
-Haskin, Brig.-Gen. J. A., =S.=3217.
-Hatch, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., =C.=4982.
-Hatch, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. P. and staff, =S.=3430.
-Hatch, Col. W. B., 4th N. J. Infantry, =S.=3746.
-Hathaway, Col. S. G., 141st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1448.
-Haupt, Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=1567.
-Hawes, Capt. Jas. D., 133d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1597.
-Hawkins, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. P., =S.=3074.
-Hawkins, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. C., =S.=1511.
-Hawley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. and staff, =L.=7843, =L.=7844.
-Haws, Lieut. G. T., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1493.
-Hayes, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=3271.
-Hayes, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. B., =S.=3002.
-Hayman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. B., =S.=3058.
-Hays, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Alex., =S.=1645, =S.=1961.
-Hays, Capt. H. B., 6th U. S. Cavalry, =S.=2067.
-Hays, Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=1727.
-Hays, Brig.-Gen. W. and staff, =L.=7833, =L.=7877.
-Hazard, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., =C.=4675.
-Hazen, Maj.-Gen. W. B., =S.=2126.
-Healey, Maj. H. G., 65th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1421.
-Heath, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. E., =S.=1361.
-Heath, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. H., =C.=4488.
-Hedrick, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., =S.=2049.
-Heintzelman, Maj.-Gen. S. P., =S.=1384.
-Heintzelman, Maj.-Gen. S. P. and staff, =L.=7839, =S.=628, =S.=2304.
-Heniner, Maj. R. H., =S.=3851.
-Henry, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. V., =S.=3220.
-Herron, Maj.-Gen. F. J., =S.=1602.
-Hewitt (or Hawks), Surg. C. N., 50th N. Y. Engineers, =L.=7101.
-Hidden, Lieut. H. B., 1st N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=2135.
-Higgins, Lieut.-Col. J., 1st Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1368.
-Hill, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. H., =S.=2046.
-Hillyer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. S., =S.=1886.
-Hinks, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. W., =S.=1542.
-Hitchcock, Maj.-Gen. E. A., =S.=2020.
-Hobart, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. C., =S.=3205.
-Hoffman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. C., =C.=5163.
-Hoffman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W., =C.=5154.
-Hoffman, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W., =L.=7288, =L.=7679.
-Holabird, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. B., =C.=4658.
-Holliday, Maj. S. V., paymaster, =S.=1793.
-Holman, Maj. O., paymaster, =S.=1948.
-Holston, Surg. J. G. F., =S.=1908.
-Holt, Lieut.-Col. W., 31st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=138.
-Hooker, Maj.-Gen. Joe, =S.=1922.
-Hooker, Maj.-Gen. Joe (on horseback), =C.=4490.
-Hooker, Maj.-Gen. Joe and staff, June, 1863, =L.=7950.
-Hopkins, Lieut.-Col. R. H., =S.=1520.
-Horn, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W., =C.=4663.
-Hough, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4590.
-Hovey, Brig.-Gen. A. P., =S.=3084.
-Hovey, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. E., =S.=3219.
-Howard, Maj. J., paymaster, =S.=1873, =S.=3816.
-Howard, Maj.-Gen. O. O., =S.=3719, =S.=3788.
-Howe, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. P., =S.=1646.
-Howell, Brig.-Gen. J. B., =S.=2662.
-Howland, Paymaster M., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1589.
-Hoyt, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. H., =C.=5162.
-Hoyt, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. M., =C.=4722.
-Hubbard, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L. F., =S.=3110.
-Hubbard, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. H., =C.=5136.
-Hudson, Lieut.-Col. E. McK., aide-de-camp, =S.=1776.
-Huff, Capt., =L.=7361.
-Huger, Capt. J. B., =S.=1692.
-Hughston, Col. R. S., 144th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3759.
-Humphreys, Maj.-Gen. A. A., =S.=2346.
-Humphreys, Maj.-Gen. A. A. and staff, =L.=7397, =L.=7581.
-Hunt, Col., =S.=1797.
-Hunt, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. J., Chief of Artillery, =S.=1912.
-Hunt, Brig.-Gen. L. C., =S.=1541.
-Hunter, Maj.-Gen. D., =S.=1820.
-Hunter, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. M. C., =C.=4601.
-Hurlburt, Maj.-Gen. S. A., =S.=1782.
-Hurst, Maj. S. H., =S.=1438.
-Hutchinson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. S., =S.=3225.
-Hyde, Col. B. N., 3d Vt. Infantry, =S.=3770.
-Hyde, Lieut.-Col. W. B., 9th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1471.
-Ingalls, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Rufus, =S.=1569.
-Innes, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. P., =C.=5172.
-Irwine, Surg. C. K., 72d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=279, =S.=3821.
-Jackson, Brig.-Gen. J. S., =S.=2023.
-Jackson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. N. J., =S.=1413, =S.=3797, =S.=3812.
-Jackson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. M., =S.=3728.
-Jacobs, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F., =S.=3015.
-James, Surg., =S.=3811.
-Jameson, Adjt. A. H., 32d Pa. Infantry, =S.=1837.
-Jameson, Brig.-Gen. C. D., =S.=3817.
-Janeway, Col. H., 1st N. J. Cavalry, =S.=1658.
-Jay, Capt. W., aide-de-camp, =S.=2246.
-Jehl, Maj. F., 55th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1949.
-Jenkins, Col. D. T., 146th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1763.
-Jewett, Col. A. B., 10th Vt. Infantry, =S.=2165.
-Jewett, Col. W. N. J., =S.=2164.
-Johnson, Brig.-Gen. A., =C.=4592.
-Johnson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A., =S.=1857, =S.=2254.
-Johnson, Maj. L. E., paymaster, =S.=2194.
-Johnson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen R. W., =C.=4698.
-Johnston, Lieut.-Col. J. W., 93d Pa. Infantry, =S.=2183.
-Jones, Col. C., =S.=1937.
-Jones, Surg. Henry, =S.=1910.
-Jones, Col. Owen, 1st Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1938.
-Jones, Brig.-Gen. P. H., =S.=3268.
-Jones, Maj. R., Ass't. Insp.-Gen., =S.=1730, =S.=2195.
-Jones, Maj. W. T., =S.=3850.
-Jordan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. J., =C.=4712.
-Jourdan, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=1962.
-Judah, Brig.-Gen. H. M., =S.=1601.
-Judson, Col. R. W., 142d N. Y. Infantry, =S.= 1414.
-Judson, Col. E. Z. C., =S.=1883.
-Judson, Surg. O. A., =S.=3813.
-Kane, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. L., =S.=1847.
-Karge, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=1616.
-Kautz, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. V., =C.=4575.
-Kearney, Maj.-Gen. P., =S.=2209.
-Keifer, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =C.=4487.
-Keim, Brig.-Gen. W. H., =S.=1885.
-Kelly, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. B. F., =S.=1681.
-Kelton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. C., =S.=1427.
-Keyes, Maj.-Gen. E. D., =S.=1634.
-Kiernan, Brig.-Gen. J. L., S.1553, =S.=1759.
-Kilpatrick, Col., =S.=1918.
-Kilpatrick, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=340, =S.=341, =S.=1391.
-Kilpatrick, Bvt, Maj.-Gen. J. and staff, =L.=7224, =S.=7516.
-Kimball, Lieut.-Col. E. A., 9th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3862.
-Kimball, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. N., =S.=1647.
-Kimball, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. K., =S.=2658.
-King, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. H., =S.=2609.
-King, Brig.-Gen. R., =S.=3823.
-King, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. W. S., =S.=3273.
-Kip, Maj. L., aide-de-camp, =S.=1483.
-Kirby, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. T., =C.=4472.
-Kirk, Brig.-Gen. E. N., =S.=3237.
-Knap, Bvt. Maj. J. M., Ind. Battery E, Pa. Artillery, =S.=1790.
-Knight, Lieut.-Col. F. L., 24th N. J. Infantry, =S.=1456.
-Knight, Capt. S. F., 87th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1696.
-Knipe, Brig.-Gen. J. F., =S.=1592.
-Knowles, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. B., =C.=4707.
-Koltes, Col. J. A., 73d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1734.
-Kopp, Capt. William, =S=.1839.
-Kron, Capt. M., 8th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3861.
-Krzyzanowski, Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=1897.
-Laflin, Maj., =S.=1932.
-Laidley, Surg. J. B., 85th Pa. Infantry, =S.=3844.
-Lambert, Capt. L. J., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=1518.
-Lander, Brig.-Gen. F. W., =S.=1314.
-Landram, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. J., =S.=3081.
-Lansing, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. S., =S.=1595.
-Larned, Capt. D. R., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=1481.
-Larrabee, Col. C. H., 5th Wisc. Infantry, =S.=2186.
-Lawton, Col. R. B., 1st R. I. Cavalry, =S.=3727.
-Leasure, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D., =C.=4714.
-Ledlie, Brig.-Gen. J. H., =S.=1770.
-Lee, Brig.-Gen. A. L., =S.=1863.
-Lefferts, Col. M., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1669.
-Le Gendre, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. W., =S.=1527.
-Leggett, Maj.-Gen. M. D., =S.=2047.
-Leggett, Maj.-Gen. M. D. and staff, =L.=7052.
-Lehmann, Col. T. F., 103d Pa. Infantry, =S.=3814.
-Lemon, Maj. Frank, =S.=2149.
-Liebenan, Adjt. J. H., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1664.
-Lincoln, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. S., =C.=5180.
-Littell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., =C.=4718.
-Littlejohn, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. C., =C.=4662.
-Locke, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. T., =S.=2601.
-Lockwood, Brig.-Gen. H. H., =S.=3104.
-Logan, Maj.-Gen. John A., =S.=1900.
-Long, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., =C.=5174.
-Loomis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. O., =C.=5169.
-Loomis, Lieut.-Col. H. C., 154th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3734.
-Lord, Col. N., 6th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1731.
-Lord, Col. W. B., 35th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3782.
-Love, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. M., =S.=2043.
-Lovell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. S., =S.=3234.
-Ludlow, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. C. (in group), =L.=7098, =L.=7380.
-Lyle, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. P., =S.=2018.
-Lyman, Lieut.-Col. G. H., Medical Inspector, =S.=1344.
-Lynch, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. P., =C.=4676.
-Lyon, Col. G., 8th N. Y. S. M., =S.=2107, =S.=2111.
-Lyon, Brig.-Gen. N., =C.=4677.
-Lytle, Brig.-Gen. W. H., =C.=4737.
-McAllister, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =S.=3057.
-McArthur, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=3071, =S.=3223.
-McArthur, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. W. M., =S.=2627.
-McCabe, Maj. G. F., 13th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1617.
-McCall, Brig.-Gen. G. A., =S.=1643.
-McCallum, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. C., =S.=1489, =S.=1926, =S.=3751.
-McCalmont, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. B., =S.=1356.
-McCalmont, Col. J. S., 39th Pa. Infantry, =S.=1899.
-McCandless, Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=2648.
-McCarter, Col. J. M., 93d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2137.
-McCarty, Col., =S.=1916.
-McChesney, Col. W. W., 10th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1737.
-McClellan, Maj.-Gen. G. B., =S.=1642.
-McClellan, Maj.-Gen. G. B. and staff, =S.=1640, =C.=4530, =C.=5051,
-    =C.=4400.
-McClellan, Maj.-Gen. G. B. and wife, =S.=1765.
-McClernand, Maj.-Gen. J. A., =S.=2220.
-McClure, Maj. D., paymaster, =S.=1956.
-McClure, Capt. J. W., quartermaster, =S.=1903.
-McConthe, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=1359.
-McCook, Maj.-Gen. A. McD., =L.=7204, =S.=1744.
-McCook, Maj.-Gen. A. McD. and staff, =L.=7206, =L.=7660, =S.=1022.
-McCook, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. M., =S.=2006, =S.=2086.
-McDougall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., =S.=1709.
-McDougall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. D., =S.=1340, =S.=1449, =S.=2060.
-McDougall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. D. and staff, =C.=4077.
-McDowell, Maj.-Gen. I., =S.=1030.
-McGilvery, Lieut.-Col. F., 1st Me. Light Artillery, =S.=3021.
-McGroarty, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. J., =S.=2079.
-McIntosh, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. B., =S.=2055.
-McIntosh, Maj. J. D., 7th N. J. Infantry, =S.=1950, =S.=3777.
-McIvor, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. P., =C.=5134.
-Mackay, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., =S.=2061.
-McKean, Col. J. B., 77th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2178.
-McKechnie, Lieut. R., 9th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1495.
-McKeever, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., =S.=2660.
-McKibbin, Maj. T., =S.=3835.
-McKinstry, Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=3075.
-McLaren, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. N., =S.=3070.
-McLaughlin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. B., =S.=2052.
-McLaughlin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. B. and staff, =L.=7180, =L.=7201.
-McLean, Brig.-Gen. N. C., =S.=2170.
-McMahon, Col. J. P., 164th N. Y. Infantry, =C.=4319.
-McMahon, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. M. T., =S.=2008.
-McMillan, Surg. T., =S.=1583.
-McMillen, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =S.=2041.
-McNeil, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=1653.
-McPherson, Maj.-Gen. J. B., =S.=2612.
-McQuade, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=3824.
-McReynolds, Col. A. T., 1st. N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1678, =S.=3806.
-Madill, Surg. W. A., 23d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1419.
-Mahler, Col. F., 75th Pa. Infantry, =S.=1789, =S.=3743.
-Mallon, Col. J. E., 42d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1622.
-Maluski, Capt. A., 58th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3778.
-Manderson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. F., =S.=3112.
-Mank, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. G., =S.=3182.
-Mann, Col. W. D., 7th Mich. Cavalry, =S.=1644.
-Manning, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. H., =S.=3008.
-Mansfield, Maj.-Gen. J. K. F., =S.=3038.
-Marcy, Brig.-Gen. R. B., =S.=3790.
-Marriner, Maj. Edward, =S.=1919.
-Marshall, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. G., =S.=2174.
-Marshall, Col. L. M., =S.=2167.
-Marshall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. R., =S.=3069.
-Marston, Brig.-Gen. G., =C.=4577.
-Martin, Surg. H. F., 123d Pa. Infantry, =S.=1392.
-Martin, Maj. W. J., paymaster, =S.=1970.
-Martindale, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. H., =S.=3767.
-Martindale, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. H. and staff, =S.=2435.
-Marvin, Capt., =S.=1575.
-Mason, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. C., =S.=1861.
-Mather, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. S., =S.=3742.
-Matheson, Col. R., 32d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3022.
-Maxwell, Lieut.-Col. W. C., 103d Pa. Infantry, =S.=1365.
-May, Maj. Isaac M., 19th Ind. Infantry, =S.=1819.
-Meade, Maj.-Gen. G. G., =S.=1467.
-Meade, Maj.-Gen. G. G. and staff, =L.=7098, =L.=7099, =L.=7330,
-    =L.=7367, =L.=7518, =L.=7957.
-Meagher, Brig.-Gen. T. F., =S.=1638.
-Meigs, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. M. C., Quartermaster-General, =S.=1333.
-Meredith, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S., =S.=2182.
-Meredith, Brig.-Gen. S. A., =C.=4679.
-Merrill, Lieut.-Col. C. B., 17th Me. Infantry, =S.=1360.
-Merritt, Maj.-Gen. Wesley, =S.=1830, =S.=1865.
-Merritt, Maj.-Gen. Wesley, and staff, =C.=4064.
-Merrow, Maj. J. M., =S.=3846.
-Miles, Col. D. S., 2d U. S. Infantry, =S.=2241.
-Miles, Maj.-Gen. N. A., S.1879, =S.=2044.
-Milhan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. J., =C.=4790.
-Miller, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. F., =C.=5155.
-Miller, Brig.-Gen. S., =C.=4736.
-Milroy, Maj.-Gen. R. H., =S.=2225.
-Minty, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. H. G., =C.=5173.
-Mintzer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. M., =S.=3229.
-Mitchell, Maj.-Gen. O. M., =S.=2207.
-Mitchell, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. G., =S.=2624.
-Mitchell, Brig.-Gen. R. B., =S.=1680.
-Mitchell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. G., =S.=2653.
-Mix, Col. S. H., 3d N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=2120.
-Mizner, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. K., =S.=2668.
-Molineux, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. L., =C.=4586.
-Moor, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=2651.
-Moore, Lieut.-Col. S., 11th N. J. Infantry, =S.=1358.
-Morehead, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. G., =S.=586.
-Morrell, Maj.-Gen. G. W., =S.=1516.
-Morrell, Maj. J. A., paymaster, =S.=3839.
-Morford, Capt. W. E., quartermaster, =S=1433, =S.=1821.
-Morgan, Brig.-Gen. C. H., =S.=2633.
-Morgan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. N., =S.=3834.
-Morgan, Maj.-Gen. E. D., =S.=3876.
-Morgan, Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=3061.
-Morgan, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. D., =S.=3203.
-Morris, Col. L. O., 7th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, =S.=2602.
-Morris, Lieut.-Col. T., 4th U. S. Infantry, =S.=3769.
-Morris, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. H., S.1596, =S.=2212.
-Morrison, Col. A. J., 3d N. J. Cavalry, =S.=1896.
-Morrison, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D., =S.=3105.
-Morrison. Sergt. J. J., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1486.
-Morrow, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. A., =S.=1505, =S.=1853.
-Morse, Maj. E. C., paymaster, =S.=2157.
-Morton, Brig.-Gen. J. St. C., =C.=5171.
-Morton, Lieut.-Col. L., =S.=1357.
-Moses. Lieut.-Col. I., 72d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1798.
-Mott. Maj.-Gen. G., =S.=2172.
-Mott, Capt. T. P., 3d N. Y. Battery, =S.=1726, =S.=2100.
-Mower, Maj.-Gen. J. A., =S.=2037.
-Mower, Maj.-Gen. J. A. and staff, =L.=4047.
-Mulford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. E., =S.=2110, =S.=3374.
-Mulick, Lieut.-Col., =S.=1840.
-Mulligan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., =S.=2087.
-Mundee, Maj. C., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=1524.
-Munesly, Maj. C. H., =S.=1946.
-Murphy, Col. J. McL., 15th N. Y. Engineers, =S.=1614.
-Murphy, Col. M., 182d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1679.
-Mussey, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. D., =S.=2606.
-Myer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., =C.=4580.
-Nagle, Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=2623.
-Naglee, Brig.-Gen. H. M., =S.=2223.
-Nazer, Lieut.-Col. F., 4th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1805.
-Neill, Capt. E. M., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=1771.
-Neill, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. H., =S.=2629.
-Nelson, Maj.-Gen. W., =S.=2063.
-Newby, Maj. W., 6th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1531.
-Newton, Maj.-Gen. John, =S.=1557.
-Nichols, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. F., =S.=1397.
-Nichols, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. S., =S.=1942.
-Nichols, Maj. H. H., =S.=1618.
-Norton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. B., =L.=7200, =S.=1352.
-Nugent, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R., =S.=3856.
-Nye, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. H., =S.=2618.
-O'Burne, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. R., =S.=3269.
-O'Connell, Capt. J. D., 14th U. S. Infantry, =S.=3270.
-O'Connor. Col. E., 2d Wisc. Infantry, =S.=3863.
-O'Dowd, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=3208.
-Oglesby, Maj.-Gen. R. J., =S.=1755.
-Olcott, Maj. E., 121st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1410.
-Oliphant, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. D., =S.=3796.
-Oliver, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. M., =S.=2630.
-Olmstead, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. A., =S.=3088.
-O'Mahoney, Col. J., 40th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2104.
-Opdyke, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., =S.=1965.
-Opdyke, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. and staff, =C.=4333.
-Ord, Maj.-Gen. E. O. C., =S.=2081, =S.=2084, =S.=3384.
-Ord, Maj.-Gen. E. O. C. and staff, =C.=4206.
-Ordway, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=3080.
-Osterhaus, Maj.-Gen. P. J., =S.=1871.
-Owen, Brig.-Gen. J. T., =C.=4483.
-Owen, Lieut.-Col. S. W. (caught napping), 3d Pa. Cavalry, =S.=625.
-Packard, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4735.
-Page, Capt, H., quartermaster, =L.=7090, =L.=7274.
-Palfrey, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. W., =C.=4657.
-Palmer, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. I. N., =S.=1823.
-Palmer, Maj.-Gen. J. M., =C.=5168.
-Palmer, Capt., =S.=2198.
-Pangborn, Maj. Z. K., paymaster, =S.=1697.
-Parham, Lieut.-Col. C., 29th Pa. Infantry, =S.=1342.
-Parke, Maj.-Gen. J. G., =S.=1403.
-Parmalee, Adjt. L. C., 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, =S.=1825.
-Parsons, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L. B., =S.=2654.
-Parsons, Lieut.-Col. J. B., 10th Mass. Infantry, =S.=1341.
-Patrick, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. A., =L.=7001, =S.=1693.
-Patrick, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. M. R. and staff =L.=7075, =L.=7238, =L.=7588.
-Patten, Commissary W., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1668.
-Patterson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. N., =S.=2666.
-Patterson, Maj.-Gen. R., =C.=4711.
-Patterson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. E., =C.=4963.
-Patton, Lieut.-Col. A. G., 1st N. Y. Mounted Rifles, =S.=1750.
-Paul, Brig.-Gen. G. R., =C.=4489.
-Peard, Lieut.-Col. R., 9th Mass. Infantry, =S.=1717.
-Pearson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. L., =S.=3210.
-Pease, Ass't Surg. P. C., 6th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2205.
-Peck, Maj.-Gen. J. J., =S.=1954.
-Peck, Maj.-Gen. J. J. and staff, =S.=1907.
-Peisener, Col. E., 119th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3179.
-Pelouze, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L. H., =C.=4486.
-Pennington, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. C. M., =S.=3089.
-Pennypacker, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G., =C.=4709.
-Penrose, Brig.-Gen. W. H., =S.=2050.
-Perkins, Lieut-Col. S. H., 14th Conn. Infantry, =S.=1436.
-Perley, Col. T. F., Medical Inspector, =S.=2163.
-Perry, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., =S.=3721.
-Perry, Col. J. H., 48th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1778.
-Pettes, Col. W. H., 50th N. Y. Engineers, =S.=2145.
-Phelps, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. E., =C.=4734.
-Piatt, Brig.-Gen. A. S., =S.=3087.
-Pickett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=5179.
-Pile, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. A., =C.=4733.
-Pineo, Surg. P., Medical Inspector, =S.=3840.
-Plaisted, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. M., =S.=3722.
-Pleasants, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=2622.
-Pleasonton, Maj.-Gen. A., =L.=7317, =S.=342, =S.=2215.
-Pleasonton, Maj.-Gen. A. and staff, =L.=7069, =L.=7369, =L.=7603.
-Plummer, Brig.-Gen. J. B., =S.=3215.
-Poe, Brig.-Gen. O. M., =S.=1953.
-Pollock, Lieut. E., 9th U. S. Infantry, =S.=2200.
-Poore, Maj. Ben: Perley, 8th Mass. Volunteer Militia, =S.=1426.
-Pope, Maj.-Gen. John, =S.=2136.
-Porter, Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=3825.
-Porter, Col. B., 40th Mass. Infantry, =S.=3754.
-Porter, Maj.-Gen. Fitz John, =S.=2062.
-Porter, Maj.-Gen. Fitz John and staff, =C.=4560.
-Porter, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =C.=4490.
-Post, Col. H. A. V., 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, =S.=3731.
-Post, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. P. S., =S.=3230.
-Potter, Maj., =S.=2193.
-Potter, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. E., =S.=2656.
-Potter, Surg. H. A., 50th N. Y. Engineers, =S.=3852.
-Potter, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. H., =C.=4491.
-Potter, Maj.-Gen. R. B., =S.=1729.
-Potter, Maj.-Gen. R. B. and staff =C.=4034.
-Powell, Lieut.-Col. J. H., 9th R. I. Infantry, =S.=1343.
-Pratt, Brig.-Gen. C. E., =S.=1719.
-Pratt, Col. G., 80th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1843.
-Prendergast, Capt. R. G., 1st N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1492.
-Prentice, Maj.-Gen. B. M., =S.=2173.
-Preston, Surg. A. W., 6th Wisc. Infantry, =S.=3854.
-Preston, Col. A. W., 1st Vt. Cavalry, =S.=1751.
-Price, Col. E. L., 145th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1388.
-Price, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F., =S.=1752.
-Price, Capt. J., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1533.
-Pride, Col. G. G., aide-de-camp, =S.=2260.
-Prince, Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=2222.
-Prine, Lieut. N., 17th U. S. Infantry, =S.=2199.
-Puleston, Lieut.-Col. J. H., Military Agent of Pennsylvania, =S.=1957.
-Pulford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=3209.
-Putnam, Capt. Lee W., =S.=1705.
-Quick, Surg. L., =S.=3838.
-Quinn, Chaplain T., 1st R. I. Light Artillery, =S.=1780.
-Ramsay, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. D., =S.=1331.
-Ramsay, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =C.=4598.
-Randall, Col. F. V., 13th and 17th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1445.
-Randall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=2626.
-Randol, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. M., =S.=1660.
-Ransom, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. E. G., =S.=1581.
-Rathbon, Sergt.-Maj. R. C., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1472.
-Rawlins, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., Chief of Grant's staff, =S.=1758.
-Rawlins, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., wife and child, =S.=3616.
-Razenski, Maj. A., 31st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2123.
-Reid, Brig.-Gen. H. T., =S.=2659.
-Reno, Maj.-Gen. J. L., =C.=4680.
-Revere, Brig.-Gen. J. W., =S.=1718.
-Reynolds, Maj.-Gen. J. F., =S.=3044, =S.=3045.
-Reynolds, Maj.-Gen. J. J., =C.=4681.
-Rice, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. W., =C.=4650.
-Rice, Brig.-Gen. J. C., =S.=3025.
-Rice, Brig.-Gen. S. A., =C.=4659.
-Richardson, Maj.-Gen. I. B., =S.=815, =S.=3766.
-Richardson, Col. R. H., 26th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3724.
-Richardson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. P., =S.=1519.
-Richmond, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L., =S.=1351, =S.=1485, =S.=1549.
-Ricketts, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. B., =S.=3714.
-Rikell, Col. J., =S.=1971.
-Runyon, Brig.-Gen. T., =S.=1887.
-Riker, Col. J. L., 62d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2129.
-Riley, Capt., =S.=2197.
-Riley, Col. E., 40th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1898.
-Ringold, Col. B., 103d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3016.
-Ripetti, Lieut.-Col. A., 39th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1544.
-Ripley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. H., =S.=3113, =S.=3114.
-Ripley, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =S.=3213.
-Roberts, Maj.-Gen. B. S., =S.=2083.
-Roberts, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. C. W., =S.=3758, =S.=3791.
-Roberts, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4721.
-Roberts, Col. T. A., 17th Me. Infantry, =S.=3761.
-Robertson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., =C.=5142.
-Robinson, Adjt. H. F., 76th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1832.
-Robinson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. L., =S.=2082.
-Robinson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. C., =S.=1465.
-Robinson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. S., =S.=1529, =S.=3756.
-Robinson, Surg. J. W., 141st and 179th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1434.
-Rodman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. J., =S.=3093.
-Rogers, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =C.=4082.
-Rogers, Surg. J. K., =S.=3784.
-Rogers, Lieut.-Col. L. D., 16th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1441.
-Root, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. R., =S.=3214.
-Rose, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. E., =C.=4717.
-Rosecrans, Maj.-Gen. W. S., =S.=2001.
-Ross, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., =S.=3802.
-Rougham, Surg., =S.=3855.
-Rousseau, Maj.-Gen. L. H., =S.=2025, =S.=2605.
-Rowley, Brig.-Gen. T., =S.=3792.
-Rucker, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. H., =C.=4804.
-Ruger, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. H., =S.=1673, =S.=3100.
-Ruggles, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. D. (in group), =L.=7957.
-Runkle, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. B. P., =S.=1762.
-Runyon, Maj. N. M., 11th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1984.
-Rush, Surg. D. G., 101st Pa. Infantry, =S.=2244.
-Rusk, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., =C.=4732.
-Rushing, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. F., =S.=2610.
-Russell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., =S.=3211.
-Russell, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. A., =S.=1746.
-Rutherford, Brig.-Gen. F. S., =S.=3218.
-Ryder, Sergt. S. O., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1488.
-Ryerson, Lieut.-Col. H. O., 10th N. J. Infantry, =S.=2238.
-Sabine, Maj. J. A., =S.=1435.
-Sackett, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. B., =S.=1387, =S.=1670.
-Sackett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. H., =S.=1363.
-Salm Salm, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F., =S.=3785.
-Sanderson, Maj. J. M., aide-de-camp, =S.=1515.
-Sanford, Maj.-Gen. C. W., N. Y. S. M., =S.=1319.
-Sanford, Maj.-Gen. C. W. and staff, =S.=1563.
-Satterlee, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. S., =S.=1925, =S.=3864.
-Savage, Lieut.-Col. H. F., 25th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2007.
-Sawtelle, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. G., =C.=4470.
-Saxton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =S.=3715.
-Sayers, Surg. L. A., =S.=1532.
-Schenck, Maj.-Gen. R. C., =S.=1399, =S.=2000.
-Scheffer, Lieut.-Col., =S.=2085.
-Schimmelfennig, Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=3042.
-Schoepf, Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=3231.
-Schoff, Maj. L., =S.=1473.
-Schoffer, Capt., =S.=2196.
-Schofield, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=2655.
-Schofield, Maj.-Gen. J. M., =S.=1944.
-Schurz, Maj.-Gen. Carl, =S.=2608, =S.=3007.
-Schwartz, Capt., the sharpshooter, =S.=2423.
-Schwenk, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. K., =L.=7668.
-Scott, Bvt. Lieut.-Gen. Winfield, =S.=1313.
-Scott, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. K., =S.=2632.
-Scott, Bvt. Lieut.-Gen. Winfield and staff, =S.=3163, =C.=4552.
-Scribner, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. F., =S.=3063.
-Scully, Chaplain T., 9th Mass. Infantry, =S.=1990, =S.=2192.
-Seawell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=1474.
-Sedgwick, Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=2177.
-Sedgwick, Maj.-Gen. J. and staff, =C.=4619.
-Selfridge, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. L., =S.=1461.
-Senger, Lieut.-Col. A., 15th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, =S.=2168.
-Serrell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. A., =S.=1772.
-Sewall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. D., =S.=3753.
-Seymour, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T., =S.=3094.
-Schackelford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., =S.=3055.
-Shafter, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. R., =S.=2604.
-Shaler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =S.=1667.
-Shanks, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. P. C., =C.=4731.
-Sharpe, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. H., =C.=4588.
-Sharpe, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=3730.
-Shaw, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4730.
-Shaw, Maj. W. M., =S.=2188.
-Shepley, Brig.-Gen. G. F., =S.=2236.
-Sheridan, Maj.-Gen. P. H., =C.=4016, =C.=4039.
-Sheridan, Maj.-Gen. P. H. and generals, =L.=4048.
-Sherley, Capt. Z. M., =S.=1574.
-Sherman, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. W., =S.=1626.
-Sherman, Lieut.-Gen. W. T., =S.=2002, =S.=2017.
-Sherman, Lieut.-Gen. W. T. and generals, =S.=1990, =L.=4057.
-Sherman, Lieut.-Gen. W. T. and staff, =L.=7963.
-Shields, Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=2069.
-Shiras, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =S.=3059.
-Shreve, Maj. J. E., 132d Pa. Infantry, =S.=1440.
-Shriver, Lieut.-Col. R. O., =S.=1346.
-Shumway, Capt. H. C., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1590.
-Sibley, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. H., =C.=4683.
-Sickel, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. G., =C.=4706.
-Sickles, Maj.-Gen. D. E., =S.=1702.
-Sickles, Maj.-Gen. D. E. and staff, =S.=1754.
-Sidell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. H., =S.=2615.
-Sigel, Maj.-Gen. Franz, =S.=1512.
-Sigfried, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. K., =S.=2621.
-Simmons, Surg. M. E., 22d Mass. Infantry, =S.=1442.
-Simpson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. H., =S.=1993.
-Simpson, Surg. G. B. F., 62d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3805.
-Sinclair, Col. W., 35th Pa. Infantry, =S.=1540.
-Sleeper, Capt. J. H., 10th Mass. Battery, =L.=7085, =L.=7086, =L.=7583.
-Slemmer, Brig.-Gen. A. J., =S.=1536.
-Slocum, Maj.-Gen. H. W., =S.=1876.
-Slocum, Maj.-Gen. H. W. and staff, =L.=4046.
-Slough, Brig.-Gen. J. B., =S.=2226.
-Smalley, Col. H. A., 5th Vt. Infantry, =S.=3729.
-Smith, Lieut., =L.=7606.
-Smith, Maj.-Gen. A. J., =C.=4805.
-Smith, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. F., =S.=1711.
-Smith, Maj.-Gen. C. F., =S.=1783.
-Smith, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. H., =S.=3065.
-Smith, Col. G. F., 61st Pa. Infantry, =S.=1369.
-Smith, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. E., =S.=3050.
-Smith, Maj. M. W., =S.=2190.
-Smith, Brig.-Gen. T. C. H., =S.=1347.
-Smith, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. K., =S.=1870.
-Smith, Maj.-Gen. W. F., =S.=2160, =S.=2243.
-Smith, Maj.-Gen. W. F. and staff, =C.=4038.
-Smyth, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. A., =S.=3048.
-Snider, Lieut.-Col. S. W., 4th W. Va. Cavalry, =S.=1455.
-Snodgrass, Maj., =S.=3800.
-Spaight, Capt. W. A., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1572.
-Spaulding, Maj. C. F., 15th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1396.
-Spear, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. P., =S.=3072.
-Sprague, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. B. R., =C.=5181.
-Sprague, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =S.=1934.
-Sprague, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W. and staff, =L.=4049.
-Sprague, Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=3873.
-Spofford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. P., =S.=1348.
-Stafford, Lieut.-Col. S. H., 11th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2144.
-Stager, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Anson, =S.=1443.
-Stahel, Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=1564.
-Stanley, Maj.-Gen. D. S., =C.=4503.
-Stannard, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. J., =S.=3047.
-Starkweather, Brig.-Gen. J. C., =S.=1682.
-Starr, Col. S. H., 5th N. J. Infantry, =S.=2140.
-Starring, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. O., =S.=1577.
-Steadman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. A., =S.=3115.
-Stebbins, E. N., storekeeper, =S.=3822.
-Steedman, Maj.-Gen. J. B., =S.=2024.
-Steedman, Maj.-Gen. J. B. and staff, =C.=4059.
-Sterling, Lieut. C. R., =S.=1803.
-Stevens, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. F., =C.=4729.
-Stevens, Col. W. O., 72d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1506, =S.=1845.
-Stiles, Col. J. W., 83d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1499.
-Stokes, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. B., =C.=4728.
-Stone, Brig.-Gen. C. P., =S.=1380.
-Stone, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. A., =S.=2657.
-Stone, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R., =S.=3103.
-Stone, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. M., =C.=4651.
-Stoneman, Maj.-Gen. G., =S.=437, =S.=1562, =S.=3815.
-Stoneman, Maj.-Gen. G. and staff, =S.=436, =S.=438, =S.=445, =S.=696.
-Storm, Gen., =S.=1322.
-Stough, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =C.=4594.
-Stoughton, Brig.-Gen. E. H., =S.=2139.
-Stoughton, Lieut.-Col. H. R., 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, =S.=1620.
-Stoughton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. L., =C.=4727.
-Stratton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. A., =C.=4719.
-Streight, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. D., =S.=1760.
-Strong, Maj.-Gen. G. C., S.1480, =S.=2210.
-Strong, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. E., =C.=4595.
-Strong, Brig.-Gen. W. K., =C.=4987.
-Strother, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. H., =S.=3723.
-Stryker, Maj. W. S., paymaster, =S.=1631.
-Stuart, Col. C. B., 50th N. Y. Engineers, =S.=1846, =S.=2143.
-Sturgis, Maj.-Gen. S. D., =S.=3842.
-Sullivan, Col. T., 24th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1810, =S.=3744.
-Sully, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =C.=4947.
-Sumner, Maj.-Gen. E. V., =S.=2227.
-Sutton, Chaplain J. F., 102d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2189.
-Swain, Col. J. B., 11th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1401, =S.=3752.
-Swayne, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W., =S.=3207.
-Sweeney, Brig.-Gen. T. W., =S.=2427.
-Sweet, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. J., =S.=1733.
-Sweitzer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. B., =S.=1721.
-Sweitzer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. B., =C.=4964.
-Sykes, Maj.-Gen. G., =S.=1417.
-Talley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. C., =S.=1539.
-Tapley, Col. R. P., 27th Me. Infantry, =S.=1422.
-Tappan, Lieut.-Col. S. F., 1st Col. Cavalry, =S.=1858.
-Taylor, Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=1828.
-Taylor, Brig.-Gen. N., =S.=1806.
-Telford, Col. W. H., 50th Pa. Infantry, =L.=7281.
-Tenner, Lieut. L., 39th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1528.
-Terry, Maj.-Gen. A. H., =C.=4578.
-Terry, Maj.-Gen. A. H. and staff, =C.=4051.
-Terry, Maj. C. L., 13th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1981.
-Tevis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. C., =S.=1420.
-Thayer, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. M., =C.=4700.
-Thomas, Maj.-Gen. G. C., =S.=1563.
-Thomas, Maj.-Gen. Geo. H., =S.=2022, =S.=2607.
-Thomas, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L., =S.=1330.
-Thomas, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. M. T., =S.=3232.
-Thourot, Lieut.-Col. L., 55th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2147.
-Tibbitts, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. B., =S.=2667.
-Tidball, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. C., =C.=4585.
-Tilton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. S., =S.=1785.
-Titus, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. B., =S.=1345.
-Todd, Capt. J. B. S., 6th U. S. Infantry, =S.=1336.
-Todd, Col. J. G., 35th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1941.
-Tompkins, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. H., =C.=4685.
-Tompkins, Col. G. W. B., 82d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1402.
-Torbert, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. T. A., =S.=1424, =S.=1904.
-Totten, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=2664.
-Totten, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. G., =S.=1554.
-Tourtelotte, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. E., =C.=4502.
-Townsend, Gen., =S.=2213.
-Townsend, Lieut.-Col. C., 106th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1659.
-Townsend, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. D., =S.=1860, =S.=3765.
-Tracy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. F., =S.=1507.
-Trowbridge, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L. S., =S.=1394.
-Truex, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. S., =S.=3222.
-Tucker, Lieut.-Col. I. M., 2d N. J. Infantry, =S.=2131.
-Turner, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =C.=4589.
-Tuthill, Ass't Surg., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1584.
-Tuttle, Brig.-Gen. J. M., =C.=4652.
-Tuttle, Col. O. L., 6th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1802.
-Tyler, Brig.-Gen. Daniel, 1629.
-Tyler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. B., =S.=1437.
-Tyler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. O., =S.=1383.
-Tyler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. O. and staff, =L.=7377, =L.=7504.
-Tyndale, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H., =C.=4704.
-Ullman, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D., =S.=1530.
-Underwood, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. B., =S.=2045.
-Upham, Maj. C. L., 8th Conn. Infantry, =S.=1411.
-Upton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., =S.=1835.
-Vallee, Lieut.-Col. F., 82d Pa. Infantry, =S.=2146.
-Van Allen, Brig.-Gen. J. H., =S.=2122.
-Van Cleve, Bvt. Maj.-Gen., =C.=5170.
-Vanderbilt, Lieut. G. W., 10th U. S. Infantry, =S.=2250.
-Vandever, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W., =C.=4686.
-Van Etten, Surg. S., 56th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3831.
-Van Ness, Lieut., =S.=2251.
-Van Ness, Capt. W. W., quartermaster, =S.=1924.
-Van Steinhausen, Lieut.-Col. A., 68th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1786.
-Van Vliet, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S., =S.=2206.
-Van Wedell, Maj. C., 68th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1836.
-Varney, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. G., =S.=3802.
-Viele, Brig.-Gen. E. L., =S.=1675.
-Vincent, Col. S., 83d Pa. Infantry, =S.=3188.
-Vincent, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. M., =C.=4509.
-Virgin, Col. W. W., 23d Me. Infantry, =S.=1850.
-Von Amsberg, Col. G., 45th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3243.
-Von Forstner, Maj. S., 3d N. J. Cavalry, =S.=1935.
-Von Gilsa. Col. L., 41st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2629.
-Von Penchelstein, Maj., 4th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1882.
-Von Schrader, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., =C.=5165.
-Von Shack, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G., =C.=4981.
-Von Steinwehr, Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=1415, =S.=2128.
-Voris, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. C., =S.=1829.
-Wadsworth, Brig.-Gen. J. S., =S.=2064.
-Wadsworth, Brig.-Gen. J. S. and staff, =L.=7972.
-Waite, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A., =S.=2670.
-Walcutt, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. C., =S.=1928.
-Walcutt, Bvt, Maj.-Gen. C. C. and staff, =L.=7002.
-Walker, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. M. B., =S.=3238.
-Wallace, Maj.-Gen. Lew, =S.=2211.
-Wallace, Brig.-Gen. W. H. L., =C.=4687.
-Ward, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. H., =C.=5183.
-Ward, Brig.-Gen. J. H. H., =S.=1593, =S.=1878.
-Ward, Lieut.-Col. W. G., 12th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1661.
-Ward, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. T., =L.=4056.
-Ward, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. T. and staff, =L.=4063.
-Warner, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., =C.=4708.
-Warner, Brig.-Gen. J. M., =S.=3086.
-Warren, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. F. H., =C.=4653, =C.=4688.
-Warren, Maj.-Gen. G. K., =S.=1757.
-Washburn, Col. C., =S.=1849.
-Washburn, Maj.-Gen. C. C., =C.=4726.
-Washburn, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F., =C.=5156.
-Washburn, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. D., =C.=4725.
-Washington, Col. P. G., =S.=1739.
-Watkins, Brig.-Gen. L. D., =S.=1722.
-Watson, Maj. A. B., 8th Mich. Infantry, =S.=1931.
-Way, Lieut.-Col. W. B., 9th Mich. Cavalry, =S.=1339.
-Webb, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. S., =S.=1933.
-Webb, Maj. M. F., paymaster, =S.=2191.
-Weber, Brig.-Gen. M., =C.=4689.
-Webster, Col. F., 12th Mass. Infantry, =S.=2185.
-Webster, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. D., =S.=2611.
-Weiss, Capt. A., 41st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2261.
-Weiss, Lieut.-Col. F., 20th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1537.
-Weitzel, Maj.-Gen. Godfrey, =S.=2030.
-Weitzel, Maj.-Gen. Godfrey and staff, =L.=4066, =L.=4079.
-Wellman, Lieut.-Col. A. J., 85th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1804.
-Wells, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. D., =S.=1364.
-Wells, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W., =S.=2635.
-Welsh, Brig.-Gen. T., =S.=3171.
-Wessells, Brig.-Gen. H. W., =C.=4494.
-West, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=3036.
-West, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. M., =S.=2152.
-Westbrook, Lieut.-Col. C. D., 120th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1354.
-Weston, Chaplain S. H., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1674.
-Wheaton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. F., =S.=2619.
-Wherry, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. M., =S.=3083.
-Whipple, Maj.-Gen. A. W., =S.=2632.
-Whipple, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. D., =C.=4574.
-White, Lieut., =S.=2248.
-White, Lieut.-Col. Nelson, 1st Conn. Artillery, =S.=2214.
-White, Lieut.-Col. A. H., 5th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1338.
-White, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. B., =S.=3227.
-White, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=2221.
-White, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. and staff, =L.=7562, =L.=7845.
-Whiting, Maj. C. J., 2d U. S. Cavalry, =S.=1416.
-Whittaker, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. W., =S.=2040.
-Whittlesey, Col. F. W., 1st Mich. Infantry, =S.=1945.
-Wickstead, Lieut. J., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1666.
-Wilcox, Col. V. M., 132d Pa. Infantry, =S.=1409.
-Wild, Brig.-Gen. E. A., =C.=5159.
-Wilder, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. T., =C.=5175.
-Wiley, Maj. W. M., paymaster, =S.=3837.
-Wilkeson, Lieut.-Col. S. H., 11th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1742.
-Willard, Col. G. L., 125th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1525.
-Willard, Maj. J. C., aide-de-camp, =S.=1452.
-Willcox, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. O. B. and staff, =L.=7067, =L.=7526, =L.=7527,
-    =S.=2440.
-Willett, Col. J. H., 12th N. J. Infantry, =S.=1833.
-Williams, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. S., =S.=2179.
-Williams, Lieut.-Col. D. A., 136th Ohio Infantry, =S.=1795.
-Williams, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., =C.=4596.
-Williams, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R., =S.=3067.
-Williams, Col. S. J., 19th Indiana Infantry, =S.=1478.
-Williams, Brig.-Gen. T., =S.=3191.
-Williamson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., =C.=4654.
-Williamson, Capt. R. S., U. S. Engineers, =S.=2252.
-Willich, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =C.=4669.
-Wilson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=1966.
-Wilson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. G., =S.=1815, =S.=1868.
-Wilson, Maj.-Gen. J. H., =S.=2074.
-Wilson, Maj.-Gen. J. H. and staff, =C.=4181.
-Wilson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. (in group), =L.=7957.
-Wilson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =C.=1382.
-Winchester, Quartermaster L. W., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1594.
-Winslow, Maj., =S.=2257.
-Winslow, Chaplain G., 5th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1592.
-Winthrop, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. F., =S.=1927.
-Wisewall Bvt. Brig.-Gen. M. N., =S.=3747.
-Wistar, Brig.-Gen. I. J., =C.=4705.
-Wood, Col. A. M., 84th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2133.
-Wood, Maj.-Gen. T. J., =S.=1695.
-Wood, Maj. W. H., 17th U. S. Infantry, =S.=3830.
-Woodbury, Chaplain A., 1st R. I. Infantry, =S.=1639.
-Woodbury, Col. D. A., 4th Mich. Infantry, =S.=3786.
-Woodford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. L., =C.=5098.
-Woodruff, Col. W. L., 2d Ky. Infantry, =S.=2249.
-Woods, Bvt. Maj.-Gen C. R., =S.=2636.
-Woodward, Lieut.-Col. G. A., 31st Pa. Infantry, =S.=1405.
-Wool, Maj.-Gen. J. E., =S.=1318.
-Woolsey, Lieut. C. W., =L.=7103.
-Worth, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. J., =S.=1316.
-Worthington, Surg. W. H., 63d Pa. Infantry, =S.=3841.
-Wright, Col. D. R., 15th Conn. Infantry, =S.=3750.
-Wright, Col. E. H., aide-de-camp, =S.=3799.
-Wright, Maj.-Gen. H. G., =S.=1781.
-Wright, Maj.-Gen. H. G. and staff, =C.=4570.
-Wyndham, Col. Percy, 1st N. J. Cavalry, =S.=1905, =S.=3762.
-Wynkoop, Col. J. E., 20th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1818.
-Yeoman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. B., =S.=2669.
-York, Lieut, J. S., 5th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1699.
-Young, Lieut, J. B., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1615.
-Young, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. B. M., =C.=4716.
-Zagony, Col. C., aide-de-camp, =S.=3858.
-Zook, Maj. P. J., =S.=1622.
-Zook, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. K., =S.=1500.
-Zulick, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. M., =C.=4496.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                        REGIMENTS AND BATTERIES.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                          =Colorado Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Lieut.-Col. S. F. Tappan, =S.=1858.
-
-                         =Connecticut Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. E. W. Whittaker, =S.=2040.
-
-                     =Connecticut Heavy Artillery.=
-
-=1st.= _At Fort Richardson, Va._:
-      --Officers of regiment, =C.=4534.
-      --Interior of Fort Richardson, =C.=4547.
-      --Camp at Fort Richardson, =C.=4552.
-      _At Fort Darling, James River, Va., April, 1865_:
-      --Officers of regiment, =S.=6, =S.=11.
-      --Officers' quarters, =S.=1134, =S.=1136, =S.=1139, =S.=1141.
-      --Band, =S.=1129.
-      --Lieut.-Col. Nelson White, =S.=2214.
-
-                        =Connecticut Infantry.=
-
-=3d.= Company--, =C.=4129.
-
-=11th.= Col. G. A. Steadman, =S.=3115.
-
-=14th.= Lieut.-Col. S. H. Perkins, =S.=1436.
-
-=15th.= Col. D. R. Wright, =S.=3750.
-        Maj. C. L. Upham, =S.=1411.
-
-=20th.= Col. S. Ross, =S.=3082.
-
-=22d.= Col. G. S. Burnham, =S.=1477, =S.=3736.
-
-                    =District of Columbia Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Officers of regiment, =C.=4558.
-       Col. L. C. Baker, =C.=4965.
-
-                    =District of Columbia Infantry.=
-
-=2d.= Col. C. N. Alexander, =S.=2155, =S.=3755.
-      Lieut.-Col. W. O. Drew, =S.=1362.
-
-                          =Illinois Cavalry.=
-
-=9th.= Col. A. G. Brackett, =S.=1649.
-
-=12th.= Col. H. Davis, =S.=1425.
-
-                      =Illinois Light Artillery.=
-
-=2d.= Col. T. S. Mather, =S.=3742.
-
-                          =Illinois Infantry.=
-
-=23d.= Col. J. A. Mulligan, =S.=2087.
-
-=36th.= Officers of regiment, =C.=4331.
-
-=58th.= Col. W. P. Lynch, =C.=4676.
-
-=59th.= Col. P. S. Post, =S.=3230.
-
-=72d.= Col. F. A. Starring, =S.=1577.
-
-=105th.= Col. D. Dustin, =S.=3847.
-
-                           =Indiana Cavalry.=
-
-=3d.= Detachment at headquarters Army of Potomac, November,
-1864, =L.=7023. Ass't Surg. L. Brusie, =S.=1889.
-
-                          =Indiana Infantry.=
-
-=7th.= Col. I. G. Grover, =S.=1677.
-       Col. J. P. C. Shanks, =C.=4731.
-       Lieut.-Col. W. C. Banta, =S.=1794.
-
-=9th.= Company C., =C.=4096, =C.=4728.
-
-=18th.= Col. H. D. Washburn, =C.=4725.
-
-=19th.= Col. S. J. Williams, =S.=1478.
-        Lieut.-Col. W. W. Dudley, =S.=2625.
-        Maj. I. M. May, =S.=1819.
-
-=22d.= Lieut.-Col. A. I. Harrison, =S.=3776.
-
-=32d.= Maj. W. G. Mank, =S.=3182.
-
-=33d.= Col. John Colburn, =C.=4738.
-
-=38th.= Col. B. F. Scribner, =S.=3063.
-
-=44th.= Company H, =C.=4338.
-        Company --, =C.=4335, =C.=4342.
-        Company --, =C.=4337, =C.=4340.
-
-=51st.= Col. A. D. Streight, =S.=1760.
-
-=70th.= Col. B. Harrison, =S.=3039.
-
-=128th.= Col. Jasper Packard, =C.=4735.
-
-                            =Iowa Infantry.=
-
-=8th.= Col. J. L. Geddes, =S.=3064.
-
-=13th.= Col. J. Wilson, =S.=1966.
-
-=15th.= Col. J. M. Hedrick, =S.=2049.
-
-=19th.= Exchanged prisoners, after release from Camp Ford, Texas,
-=L.=3010, =L.=3028, =L.=3029, =L.=3030.
-
-=22d.= Col. W. M. Stone, =C.=4651.
-
-=23d.= Col. =S.= L. Glasgow, =C.=4648.
-
-=25th.= Col. G. A. Stone, =S.=2657.
-
-=29th.= Col. T. H. Benton, =C.=4644.
-
-=34th.= Col. G. W. Clark, =C.=4645.
-
-                          =Kentucky Infantry.=
-
-=2d.= Col. W. E. Woodruff, =S.=2249.
-
-=19th.= Col. W. J. Landran, =S.=3081.
-
-                            =Maine Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. C. H. Smith, =S.=3065.
-       Lieut.-Col. J. P. Cilley, =C.=5160.
-
-                   =Battalion Maine Light Artillery.=
-
-=1st.= Lieut.-Col. J. A. Hall, =S.=2637.
-       Lieut.-Col. F. McGilvery, =S.=3021.
-
-                           =Maine Infantry.=
-
-=2d.= Camp Jamison, near Washington, D. C., =C.=4547, =C.=4548,
-        =C.=4130.
-      Col. C. W. Roberts, =S.=3758, =S.=3791.
-      Col. G. Varney, =S.=3802.
-
-=3d.= Lieut.-Col. E. Burt, =S.=3779.
-
-=5th.= Col. C. S. Edwards, =S.=1509.
-       Surg. B. F. Buxton, =S.=1389.
-
-=7th.= Col. E. C. Mason, =S.=1861.
-
-=8th.= Col. W. M. McArthur, =S.=2627.
-
-=10th.= Group of officers, Cedar Mountain, Va., August, 1862, =S.=509.
-
-=11th.= Col. H. M. Plaisted, =S.=3722.
-
-=12th.= Col. W. K. Kimball, =S.=2658.
-
-=17th.= Col. T. A. Roberts, =S.=3761.
-        Col. G. W. West, =S.=3036.
-        Lieut.-Col. C. B. Merrill, =S.=1360.
-
-=19th.= Col. F. E. Heath, =S.=1361.
-
-=23d.= Col. W. W. Virgin, =S.=1853.
-
-=27th.= Col. R. P. Tapley, =S.=1422.
-
-=29th.= Col. G. H. Nye, =S.=2618.
-
-=30th.= Col. T. H. Hubbard, =C.=5136.
-        Lieut.-Col. G. W. Randall, =S.=2626.
-
-                          =Maryland Cavalry.=
-
-=3d.= Col. C. C. Tevis, =S.=1420.
-
-                          =Maryland Infantry.=
-
-=4th.= Col. R. N. Bowerman, =S.=2652.
-
-=6th.= Col. J. W. Horn, =C.=4663.
-
-=7th.= Col. Charles E. Phelps, =C.=4734.
-
-=8th.= Col. A. W. Dennison.
-
-                        =Massachusetts Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= _At headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864_:
-     --Officers of Companies C and D, =L.=7390, =L.=7490.
-     --Officers and non-commissioned officers of Companies C and D,
-       =L.=7354, =L.=7391.
-     --Company C, =L.=7295.
-     --Company D, =L.=7392, =L.=7476.
-     --Capt. E. A. Flint, =L.=7403.
-
-=3d.= Col. T. E. Chickering, =S.=3092.
-
-=4th.= Col. F. Washburn, =C.=5156.
-
-                       =Massachusetts Artillery.=
-
-=3d.= Officers in Fort Totten, Va., =S.=1115.
-    --Officers and men, =S.=1156, =S.=1157, =S.=1190, =S.=1227.
-    --Col. W. S. Abert, =S.=3178.
-    _Fort Totten, near Washington, D. C._:
-    --Officers of Companies A and B, =L.=7261, =L.=7678, =L.=7681.
-    --Sergeants of Company A, =L.=7253.
-    --Sergeants of Company B, =L.=7687.
-    _Fort Stevens. near Washington, D. C._:
-    --Officers of Companies F and K, =L.=7282, =L.=7696.
-    --Company F, =L.=7744, =L.=7803, =L.=7917.
-    --Company K, =L.=7692, =L.=7746, =L.=7897.
-    _Fort Lincoln, near Washington, D. C._:
-    --Company H, =L.=7874.
-
-                    =Massachusetts Heavy Artillery.=
-
-=4th.= Col. W. S. King, =S.=3273.
-
-                        =Massachusetts Battery.=
-
-=10th.= Officers, =L.=7085, =L.=7086, =L.=7089, =L.=7583.
-
-                        =Massachusetts Militia.=
-
-=8th.= Maj. Ben: Perley Poore, =S.=1426.
-
-                       =Massachusetts Infantry.=
-
-=2d.= Col. W. Cogswell, =S.=2029.
-      Maj. W. Dwight, =S.=1811, =S.=1814.
-
-=9th.= Groups of officers, =C.=4101, =C.=4102.
-       Father Scully holding mass in camp, =C.=4131.
-       Col. T. Cass, =S.=3774.
-       Col. P. R. Guiney, =S.=3096.
-       Lieut.-Col. R. Peard, =S.=1717.
-       Chaplain T. Scully, =S.=1990, =S.=2192.
-
-=10th.= Camp near Washington, D. C., =S.=2421.
-        Lieut.-Col. J. B. Parsons, =S.=1341.
-
-=11th.= Col. W. Blaisdell, =S.=3111.
-
-=12th.= Col. F. Webster, =S.=2185.
-        Surg. J. H. Baxter, =S.=3833.
-
-=15th.= Col. G. H. Ward, =C.=5183.
-        Lieut.-Col. G. C. Joslin, =C.=5190.
-        Surg. S. F. Haven, =C.=5193.
-        Lieut. J. W. Grout, =C.=5191.
-        Lieut. T. J. Spurr, =C.=5192.
-
-=19th.= Col. A. F. Devereaux, =S.=3066.
-
-=22d.= Col. H. Wilson, =C.=4593.
-       Col. W. S. Tilton, =S.=1785.
-       Surg. M. E. Simmons, =S.=1442.
-
-=24th.= Col. A. Ordway, =S.=3080.
-
-=25th.= Col. Josiah Pickett, =C.=5179.
-
-=28th.= Officers of regiment, =L.=7750.
-
-=34th.= Col. W. S. Lincoln, =C.=5180.
-        Col. G. D. Wells, =S.=1364.
-        Maj. H. W. Pratt, =C.=5185.
-
-=36th.= Lieut.-Col. A. A. Goodell, =C.=5182.
-
-=40th.= Camp near Miners' Hill, Va., =C.=4278, =C.=4357.
-        Col. G. V. Henry, =S.=3220.
-        Col. B. Porter, =S.=3754.
-
-=51st.= Col. A. B. R. Sprague, =C.=5181.
-
-=54th.= Col. E. N. Hallowell, =S.=2665.
-
-=57th.= Col. N. B. McLaughlin, =S.=2052.
-        Col. J. M. Tucker, =C.=5184.
-
-                          =Michigan Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. T. F. Broadhead, =S.=1958.
-
-=3d.= Col. J. K. Mizner, =S.=2668.
-
-=5th.= Lieut.-Col. E. Gould, =S.=1439.
-
-=7th.= Col. W. D. Mann, =S.=1644.
-
-=9th.= Lieut-Col. W. B. Way, =S.=1339.
-
-=10th.= Col. L. S. Trowbridge, =S.=1394.
-
-                          =Michigan Infantry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. I. C. Abbott, =S.=1469.
-       Col. F. W. Whittlesey, =S.=1945.
-
-=4th.= Col. D. A. Woodbury, =S.=3786.
-       Capt. S. De Golyer, =S.=1992.
-
-=5th.= Col. J. Pulford, =S.=3209.
-
-=8th.= Maj. A. B. Watson, =S.=1931.
-
-=11th.= Col. W. L. Stoughton, =C.=4727.
-
-=12th.= Headquarters, =C.=4603, =C.=4611.
-
-=15th.= Col. F. S. Hutchinson, =S.=3225.
-
-=21st.= Officers of regiment, =C.=4103.
-        Company B, =C.=4101.
-        Company D, =C.=4099.
-        Company E, =C.=4100.
-        Company --, =C.=4092.
-        Company --, =C.=4750.
-
-=24th.= Col. H. A. Morrow, =S.=1505, =S.=1853.
-
-                          =Minnesota Cavalry.=
-
-=2d.= Col. R. N. McLaren, =S.=3070.
-
-                         =Minnesota Infantry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. George N. Morgan, =S.=3834.
-       Lieut.-Col. C. P. Adams, =S.=1749.
-
-=5th.= Col. L. F. Hubbard, =S.=3110.
-
-=7th.= Col. W. R. Marshall, =S.=3069.
-
-=8th.= Col. M. T. Thomas, =S.=3232.
-
-                      =Missouri Light Artillery.=
-
-=2d.= Lieut.-Col. G. W. Schofield, =S.=2655.
-
-                          =Missouri Infantry.=
-
-=15th.= Col. J. Conrad, =S.=2661.
-
-                       =New Hampshire Infantry.=
-
-=2d.= Col. J. N. Patterson, =S.=2666.
-      Maj. F. S. Fisk, =S.=3849.
-
-=5th.= Col. E. E. Cross, =S.=1983.
-       Maj. W. W. Cook, =S.=1929.
-       Adjt. C. O. Dodd, =S.=1838.
-
-=9th.= Col. H. B. Titus, =S.=1345.
-
-=13th.= Col. A. F. Stevens, =C.=4729.
-
-                         =New Jersey Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. M. H. Beaumont, =S.=1943.
-       Col. H. Janeway, =S.=1658.
-       Col. P. Wyndham, =S.=1905, =S.=3762.
-
-=2d.= Col. J. Karge, =S.=1616.
-
-=3d.= Col. A. J. Morrison, =S.=1896.
-      Col. A. C. M. Pennington, =S.=3089.
-      Maj. S. Von Forstner, =S.=1935.
-
-                         =New Jersey Infantry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. M. W Collet, =S.=1353.
-
-=2d.= Lieut.-Col. I. M. Tucker, =S.=2131.
-      Lieut.-Col. S. L. Buck, =S.=1706.
-
-=4th.= Col. W. B. Hatch, =S.=3746.
-       Col. J. H. Simpson, =S.=1993.
-       Lieut.-Col. C. Ewing, =S.=1648.
-
-=5th.= Col. S. H. Starr, =S.=2140.
-
-=6th.= Col. G. C. Burling, =S.=3102.
-
-=7th.= Col. F. Price, =S.=1752.
-       Maj. J. D. McIntosh, =S.=1950, =S.=3777.
-
-=8th.= Col. John Ramsay, =C.=4598.
-
-=9th.= Col. A. Zabriskie, =C.=5135.
-
-=10th.= Lieut.-Col. H. O. Ryerson, =S.=2238.
-
-=11th.= Lieut.-Col. S. Moore, =S.=1358.
-
-=12th.= Col. J. H. Willett, =S.=1833.
-
-=13th.= Col. E. A. Carmen, =S.=1386.
-
-=14th.= Col. W. S. Truex, =S.=3222.
-
-=24th.= Lieut.-Col. F. L. Knight, =S.=1456.
-
-=25th.= Col. A. Derrom, =S.=3741.
-
-=28th.= Col. M. N. Wisewell, =S.=3747.
-
-=31st.= Col. A. P. Berthond, =S.=3738.
-        Lieut.-Col. W. Holt, =S.=1337.
-
-                         =New Mexico Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. Kit Carson, =S.=2620.
-
-                       =New York Mounted Rifles.=
-
-=1st.= Lieut.-Col. A. G. Patton, =S.=1750.
-
-                          =New York Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. A. T. McReynolds, =S.=1678, =S.=3806.
-       Capt. D. Harkins, =S.=3870.
-       Capt. R. G. Prendergrast, =S.=1492.
-       Lieut. H. B. Hidden, =S.=2135.
-
-=2d.= Col. A. M. Randol, =S.=1660.
-      Maj. A. N. Duffie, =S.=2154.
-
-=3d.= Col. S. H. Mix, =S.=2120.
-
-=4th.= Lieut.-Col. F. Nazer, =S.=1805.
-       Maj. A. Von Peuchelstein, =S.=1882.
-
-=5th.= Col. John Hammond, =C.=4980.
-       Col. Amos H. White, =S.=1338.
-
-=7th.= On parade, and camp near Washington, =C.=4543.
-
-=9th.= Col. G. S. Nichols, =S.=1942.
-       Lieut.-Col. H. B. Hyde, =S.=1471.
-       Lieut.-Col. W. Sackett, =S.=1363.
-
-=11th.= Col. J. B. Swain, =S.=1401, =S.=3752.
-        Lieut.-Col. S. H. Wilkeson, =S.=1742.
-
-=13th.= _Prospect Hill, Va., near Washington, D. C._:
-        --Regiment on inspection, =L.=7735.
-        --Field and staff officers, =L.=7723, =L.=7726, =L.=7738.
-        --Officers of regiment, =L.=7185, =L.=7734.
-        --Non-commissioned staff officers, =L.=7740.
-        --General view of camp, =L.=7218, =L.=7733, =L.=7737, =L.=7739.
-        --Headquarters in camp, =L.=7722.
-        --Signal station in camp, =L.=7736.
-
-=16th.= Col. N. B. Sweitzer, =C.=4964.
-
-=26th.= Lieut.-Col. F. Jacobs, =S.=3015.
-
-                    =New York Artillery Battalion.=
-
-=1st.= Battery --, near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862, =S.=443, =S.=640.
-
-                      =New York Light Artillery.=
-
-=1st.= Field and staff officers, =S.=2417.
-
-                      =New York Heavy Artillery.=
-
-=2d.= _Fort C. F. Smith, near Washington, D. C._:
-      --Officers of regiment, =L.=7906.
-      --Officers of Company F, =L.=7479.
-      --Officers of Companies K and L, =L.=7842.
-      --Company F, =L.=7283.
-      --Company K, =L.=7675.
-      --Company L, =L.=7672, =L.=7673.
-
-=4th.= Officers, =L.=7178.
-       Officers in Fort Corcoran, Va., =C.=4103.
-       Col. T. D. Doubleday, =S.=1874.
-       Col. H. H. Hall, =S.=1921.
-       Col. J.C. Tidball, =C.=4585.
-       Surg. G. Bayles, =S.=1379.
-
-=6th.= Camp at Brandy Station, Va., April, 1864, =L.=7265.
-
-=7th.= Col. L. O. Morris, =S.=2602.
-
-=9th.= Company M, previously 22d New York Battery, =L.=7818.
-
-=13th.= Camp in front of Petersburg, Va., =S.=2495, =S.=2496.
-
-=14th.= Col. E. G. Marshall, =S.=2174.
-
-=15th.= Officers of Third Battalion, =L.=7743.
-        Lieut.-Col. A. Senges, =S.=2168.
-
-                          =New York Battery.=
-
-=1st.= Cowan's Battery, in front of Petersburg, June, 1864, =S.=787,
-        =S.=2343.
-
-=3d.= Capt. T. P. Mott, =S.=1726, =S.=2100.
-
-=17th.= Officers, =L.=7559.
-        On parade, =L.=7008, =L.=7010, =L.=7620.
-
-                         =New York Engineers.=
-
-=1st.= Officers of Company E, =S.=1034.
-       Col. E. A. Serrell, =S.=1772.
-
-=15th.= Col. J. McL. Murphy, =S.=1614.
-        Lieut.-Col. C. G. Colgate, =S.=1923.
-        Officers of regiment, =C.=4477.
-
-=50th.= Col. W. H. Peters, =S.=2145.
-        Col. C. B. Stuart, =S.=1846, =S.=2143.
-        Maj. G. W. Ford, =L.=7166.
-        Surg. C. N. Hewitt, =L.=7401.
-        Surg. H. A. Potter, =S.=3852.
-        _At Rappahannock Station, March, 1864_:
-        --Field and staff officers, =L.=7600, =L.=7615.
-        --General view of camp, =L.=7275, =L.=7276, =L.=7461, =S.=138.
-        --Stockade entrance to camp, =L.=7351.
-        --Sutler's hut, =L.=7290.
-        --Quarters of field and staff officers, =L.=7293, =L.=7604,
-               =L.=7608.
-        --Quarters of line officers, =L.=7614.
-        _In front of Petersburg, Va._:
-        --Officers of regiment, =L.=7324.
-        --Officers' dinner on Fourth of July, 1864, =S.=790, =S.=791.
-        --Headquarters, =L.=7167, =S.=1028, =S.=1048.
-        --Colonel's quarters, =L.=7059, =S.=1047.
-        --Surgeon's quarters, =L.=7233.
-        --Officers' quarters, =L.=7210, =L.=7213, =S.=344, =L.=1028,
-              =S.=3338.
-        --Church, =L.=7151, =L.=7932, =S.=345, =S.=3339, =S.=3340.
-        --Commissary department, =L.=7060.
-
-                          =New York Infantry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. W. H. Allen, =S.=1735.
-       Ass't Surg. A. C. Benedict, =S.=1458.
-
-=3d.= Col. J. E. Mulford, =S.=2110.
-
-=5th.= Col. F. Winthrop, =S.=1927.
-       Maj. C. Boyd, =S.=1450.
-       Surg. S. Van Etten, =S.=3831.
-       Chaplain G. Winslow, =S.=1592.
-       Lieut. J.S. York, =S.=1699.
-
-=6th.= Col. W. Wilson, =S.=1382.
-       Maj. W. Newby, =S.=1531.
-       Ass't Surg. P. C. Pease, =S.=2205.
-       Lieut. A. D'Orville, =S.=2112.
-
-=7th.= Col. George Von Shack, =C.=4981.
-
-=8th.= Capt. M. Kron, =S.=3861.
-
-=9th.= Col. R. C. Hawkins, =S.=1511.
-       Lieut.-Col. G. F. Betts, =S.=1635.
-       Maj. E. A. Kimball, =S.=3862.
-       Lieut. R. McKechnie, =S.=1495.
-
-=10th.= Col. J. E. Bendix, =S.=3201.
-        Col. W. W. McChesney, =S.=1737.
-        Lieut.-Col. A. B. Elder, =S.=3868.
-
-=11th.= Col. E. E. Ellsworth, =S.=3175.
-        Lieut.-Col. N. L. Farnham, =S.=1628.
-        Lieut.-Col. S. H. Stafford, =S.=2144.
-        Maj. J. A. Creiger, =S.=1627.
-        Francis E. Brownell, =S.=1494.
-
-=13th.= Maj. C. L. Terry, =S.=1981.
-
-=14th.= Col. J. McQuade, =S.=3824.
-
-=16th.= Surg. W. B. Crandall, =S.=2156.
-
-=17th.= Col. H. S. Lansing, =S.=1595.
-        Maj. C. A. Johnson, =S.=2254.
-        Camp and regiment, =C.=4541.
-
-=20th.= Col. F. Salm Salm, =S.=3785.
-        Lieut.-Col. F. Weiss, =S.=1537.
-
-=23d.= Col. H. C. Hoffman, =C.=5163.
-       Surg. W. A. Madill, =S.=1419.
-
-=24th.= Col. T. Sullivan, =S.=1810, =S.=3744.
-
-=25th.= Col. C. A. Johnson, =S.=1857, =S.=2254.
-        Maj. H. F. Savage, =S.=2007.
-
-=26th.= Col. W. H. Christian, =S.=2138.
-        Lieut.-Col. R. H. Richardson, =S.=3724.
-        On parade, =C.=4529, =C.=4545.
-
-=27th.= Lieut.-Col. A. D. Adams, =S.=1964.
-        Maj. C. C. Gardiner, =S.=1703.
-
-=29th.= Col. A. Von Steinwehr, =S.=2128.
-
-=31st.= Maj. A. Razenski, =S.=2123.
-
-=32d.= Col. R. Matheson, =S.=3022.
-
-=33d.= Field and staff officers, =C.=4542.
-
-=35th.= Col. W. B. Lord, =S.=3782.
-        Maj. J. G. Todd, =S.=1941.
-        Company --, =S.=2422.
-
-=37th.= Col. S. B. Hayman, =S.=3058.
-        Capt. W. De Lacy, =S.=2253.
-
-=39th.= Col. F. G. D'Utassy, =S.=1496, =S.=2184.
-        Lieut.-Col. A. Ripetti, =S.=1544.
-        Lieut. L. Tenner, =S.=1528.
-
-=40th.= Col. E. Riley, =S.=1898.
-        Surg. J. E. Dexter, =S.=1888.
-
-=41st.= Col. L. Von Gilsa, =S.=2649.
-        Capt. A. Weiss, =S.=2261.
-        Company C, Manassas, Va., July, 1862, =L.=7517.
-
-=42d.= Col. E. C. Charles, =S.=2005.
-       Col. J. E. Mallon, =S.=1522.
-       Maj. P. J. Downing, =S.=2106.
-
-=44th.= Officers of regiment, =C.=4227.
-        Camp of regiment, near Alexandria, =C.=4069, =C.=4172,
-        =C.=4173, =C.=4192, =C.=4230, =C.=4231, =C.=4086, =C.=4186.
-        Flag of regiment, =S.=1504.
-
-=45th.= Col. G. Von Amsberg, =S.=3243.
-
-=46th.= Col. J. Gerhardt, =S.=3097.
-        Capt. H. Brandenstein, =S.=1824.
-
-=48th.= Col. W. B. Barton, =S.=1604.
-        Col. J. H. Perry, =S.=1778.
-
-=51st.= Col. C. W. Le Gendre, =S.=1527.
-
-=52d.= Col. P. Frank, =S.=3001.
-
-=55th.= Lieut.-Col. L. Thourot, =S.=2147.
-        Maj. F. Jehl, =S.=1949.
-        Officers of regiment, =C.=4550.
-        Camp at Fort Gaines, =C.=4071, =C.=4544.
-
-=57th.= Lieut.-Col. J. W. Britt, =S.=1548.
-        Lieut.-Col. A. B. Chapman, =S.=1398.
-
-=58th.= Capt. A. Maluski, =S.=3778.
-
-=59th.= Col. W. A. Olmstead, =S.=3088.
-
-=60th.= Officers of regiment at Fauquier Springs, Va., August,
-        1862, =S.=538, =S.=539.
-
-=61st.= _At Falmouth, Va., April, 1863_:
-        --Officers of regiment, 7530, =L.=7531.
-        --Drum Corps, =L.=7520.
-        --Company D, =L.=7313.
-        --Company G, =L.=7554.
-        --Company K, =L.=7556.
-
-=62d.= Col. J. L. Riker, =S.=2129.
-       Lieut.-Col. O. V. Dayton, =S.=1777, =S.=2065.
-       Surg. G. B. F. Simpson, =S.=3805.
-
-=63d.= Col. Henry Fowler, =S.=1906.
-       Officers of regiment, =L.=7542.
-
-=65th.= Col. J. E. Hamblin, =S.=1476, =S.=2150.
-        Maj. H. G. Healey, =S.=1421.
-
-=66th.= Lieut.-Col. J. S. Hammell, =S.=2671.
-
-=67th.= Col. J. W. Adams, =S.=2092.
-        Camp near Washington, D. C., in 1861, =C.=4546, =C.=4114,
-        =C.=4115, =C.=4116.
-
-=68th.= Col. R. J. Betge, =S.=2132.
-        Col. G. Bourri, =S.=1519.
-        Lieut-Col. A. Van Steinhauser, =S.=1786.
-        Maj. C. Van Wedell, =S.=1836.
-
-=69th.= Col. R. Nugent, =S.=3856.
-        Lieut.-Col. James Bagley, =S.=1856.
-        Officers of regiment, =L.=7642.
-
-=70th.= Col. J. E. Farnum, 1385.
-
-=71st.= Regiment on parade at camp near Miner's Hill, Va, =S.=2415.
-        Group of Company G, =S.=2413.
-
-=72d.= Col. W. O. Stevens, =S.=1506, =S.=1845.
-       Lieut.-Col. Israel Moses, =S.=1798.
-       Surg. C. K. Irwine, =S.=279, =S.=3821.
-
-=73d.= Col. W. R. Brewster, =S.=1842.
-
-=75th.= Col. J. A. Dodge, =S.=3869.
-
-=76th.= Adjt. H. F. Robinson, =S.=1832.
-
-=77th.= Col. J. B. McKean, =S.=2178.
-
-=79th.= Col. J. Cameron, =S.=1637.
-        Col. D. Morrison, =S.=3105.
-        Maj. F. A. Hagadorn, =S.=1700.
-
-=80th.= Col. J. B. Hardenburgh, =S.=1715.
-        Col. G. Pratt, =S.=1843.
-        Lieut.-Col. T. B. Gates, =S.=1827.
-        Capt. T. Alexander, =L.=7605.
-        Officers of regiment, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, =L.=7071,
-          =L.=7373, =S.=278.
-
-=82d.= Col. G. W. B. Tompkins, =S.=1402.
-       Maj. J. J. Dimock, =S.=1393.
-
-=83d.= Col. J. W. Stiles, =S.=1499.
-       Adjt. J. B. Coppinger, =S.=1514.
-
-=84th.= Col. E. B. Fowler, =S.=3801.
-        Col. A. M. Wood, =S.=2133.
-
-=85th.= Lieut.-Col. A. J. Wellman, =S.=1804.
-
-=86th.= Col. B. P. Bailey, =S.=1866.
-
-=87th.= Capt. S. F. Knight, =S.=1696.
-
-=93d.= Col. J. S. Crocker, =C.=4673.
-       Col. J. M. McCarter, =S.=2137.
-       Maj. A. L. Cassidy, =S.=2187, =S.=3068.
-       At Antietam, Md., September, 1862, =L.=7938, =L.=7941.
-       _At Bealeton, Va., August, 1863_:
-       --Officers of regiment, =L.=7505.
-       --Field and staff officers, =S.=630.
-       --Commissioned and non-commissioned staff, =L.=7011, =S.=284.
-       --Company A, L.7510, =L.=7512.
-       --Company B, L.7453, =L.=7506.
-       --Company C. L.7451, =L.=7592.
-       --Officers and non-commissioned officers of Company D, =L.=7458,
-         =L.=7539.
-       --Company D, =L.=7452, =L.=7591.
-       --Officers' "mess," Company D, =S.=218.
-       --Non-commissioned officers' "mess," Company D, =S.=217.
-       --Company E, =L.=7455, =L.=7460.
-       --Officers' "mess," Company E, =S.=225.
-       --Company F, =L.=7454, =L.=7594.
-       --Officers' "mess," Company F, =S.=220.
-       --Company G, =L.=7456, =L.=7459.
-       --Officers and non-commissioned officers of Company I, =L.=7511.
-       --Company I, =L.=7457, =L.=7593.
-       --Company K, =L.=7009, =L.=7036, =L.=7508.
-       --Drum Corps, =L.=7514, =L.=7565.
-       --Views of camp, =S.=219, =S.=824, =S.=826, =S.=827, =S.=828.
-
-=94th.= Col. A. R. Root, =S.=3214.
-
-=95th.= Col. G. H. Biddle, =S.=1800.
-
-=96th.= Col. J. Fairman, =S.=2232.
-
-=97th.= Col, J. P. Spofford, =S.=1348.
-
-=99th.= Col. J. O'Mahoney, =S.=2104.
-
-=100th.= Col. J. M. Brown, =S.=2603.
-
-=102d.= Chaplain J. F. Sutton, =S.=2189.
-
-=103d.= Col. B. Ringold, =S.=3016.
-
-=105th.= Col. B. F. Tracy, =S.=1507.
-
-=106th.= Lieut.-Col. C. Townsend, =S.=1659.
-
-=107th.= Col. A. S. Diven, =S.=1852.
-
-=110th.= Col. D. C. Littlejohn, =C.=4662.
-
-=111th.= Col. C. D. McDougall, =S.=1340, =S.=1449, =S.=2060.
-
-=116th.= Col. G. M. Love, =S.=2043.
-
-=118th.= Col. G. F. Nichols, =S.=1397.
-
-=119th.= Col. E. Peisener, =S.=3179.
-
-=120th.= Col. G. H. Sharpe, =C.=4588.
-         Lieut.-Col. C. D. Westbrook, =S.=1354.
-
-=121st.= Maj. E. Olcott, =S.=1410.
-
-=124th.= Col. A. V. H. Ellis, =S.=2093.
-         Lieut.-Col. F. M. Cummins, =S.=1366, =S.=1621.
-
-=125th.= Col. G. L. Willard, =S.=1525.
-
-=133d.= Lieut.-Col. A. J. Allaire, =S.=1917.
-
-=134th.= Col. C. Coster, =S.=3193.
-
-=141st.= Col. S. G. Hathaway, =S.=1448.
-         Surg. J. W. Robinson, =S.=1434.
-
-=143d.= Col. H. Boughton, =S.=2035.
-
-=144th.= Col. R. S. Hughston, =S.=3759.
-
-=145th.= Col. E. L. Price, =S.=1388.
-
-=146th.= Col. D. Jenkins, =S.=1763.
-
-=153d.= Col. E. P. Davis, =S.=3206.
-        Lieut. J. B. Neill, =C.=4310.
-        Officers of regiment, =C.=4291.
-        Officers of Company --, =C.=4320.
-        Company --, =C.=4281.
-
-=154th.= Lieut.-Col. D. B. Allen, =S.=1444.
-         Lieut.-Col. H. C. Loomis, =S.=3734.
-
-=156th.= Col. J. Sharp, =S.=3730.
-
-=158th.= Col. J. Jourdan, =S.=1962.
-
-=159th.= Col. E. L. Molineux, =C.=4586.
-
-=162d.= Col. L. Benedict, 1799.
-
-=164th.= Col. J. P. McMahon, =C.=4319.
-         Lieut.-Col. W. De Lacey, =S.=3226.
-         Officers of regiment, =C.=4312.
-         Company --, =C.=4297.
-         Guard mounting, =C.=4396.
-         Surgeon's quarters, =C.=4426.
-
-=169th.= Col. A. Alden, =S.=3062.
-         Col. Clarence Buell, =S.=3740.
-         Col. J. McConihe, =S.=1359.
-
-=170th.= Officers of regiment, =C.=4280, =C.=4282, =C.=3626.
-         Company --, =C.=4315.
-         Company --, =C.=4348.
-
-=175th.= Lieut.-Col. J. A. Foster, =S.=1558, =S.=1605, =S.=1796.
-
-=179th.= Surg. J. W. Robinson, =S.=1434.
-
-=182d.= Col. M. Murphy, =S.=1679.
-
-                          =New York Militia.=
-
-=7th.= Col. M. Lefferts, =S.=1669.
-       Adjt. J. H. Liebenau, =S.=1664.
-       Surg. T. M. Cheeseman, =S.=1491.
-       Ass't Surg. Tuthill, =S.=1584.
-       Commissary W. Patten, =S.=1668.
-       Paymaster M. Howland, =S.=1589.
-       Quartermaster  W. Winchester, =S.=1594.
-       Chaplain S. H. Weston, =S.=1674.
-       Capt. W. P. Bensel, =S.=1671.
-       Capt. E. Clark, =S.=1684.
-       Capt. J. Price, =S.=1533.
-       Capt. H. C. Shumway, =S.=1590.
-       Capt. W. A. Spaight, =S.=1572.
-       Lieut. C. B. Babcock, =S.=1586.
-       Lieut. J. A. Baker, =S.=1665.
-       Lieut. J. W. Bogert, =S.=1588.
-       Lieut. C. B. Bostwick, =S.=1662.
-       Lieut. T. B. Bunting, =S.=1663.
-       Lieut. C. Corley, =S.=1570.
-       Lieut W. Gurney, =S.=1585.
-       Lieut. G. T. Haws, =S.=1493.
-       Lieut. J. Wickstead, =S.=1666.
-       Lieut. J. B. Young, =S.=1615.
-       Sergt.-Maj. R. C. Rathbon, =S.=1472.
-       Sergt. J. J. Morrison, =S.=1486.
-       Sergt. S. O. Ryder, =S.=1488.
-
-=8th.= Col. G. Lyon, =S.=2107.
-       Group of officers, Camp McDowell, Va., =C.=4104.
-       Officers and non-commissioned officers of Company --, =C.=4112.
-       Engineer company, =C.=4137.
-       Company A, =C.=4541.
-       Drum Corps, =C.=4540.
-
-=12th.= Lieut.-Col. W. G. Ward, =S.=1661.
-        Maj. Bostwick, =S.=1767.
-        Engineer company, =C.=4138.
-
-=22d.= Lieut.-Col. L. Aspinwall, =S.=3733.
-       Officers of regiment, =C.=4010.
-       Adjutant and First Sergeants, =C.=4135.
-       Company --, =C.=4194.
-       Company --, =C.=4134.
-       Groups, =C.=4155, =C.=4163, =C.=4186.
-
-=23d.= Col. Wm. Everdell, =S.=1404.
-
-=69th.= Lieut. E. K. Butler, =S.=2255.
-        Sunday services in camp, =S.=3713.
-
-=71st.= Group of officers, Washington Navy-yard, =C.=4105.
-        Col. Bostwick, =S.=1578.
-
-                            =Ohio Cavalry.=
-
-=9th.= Lieut.-Col. W. Stough, =C.=4594.
-
-                   =Battery I, Ohio Light Artillery.=
-
-Capt. H. Dilger, =S.=3177.
-
-                            =Ohio Infantry.=
-
-=6th.= Col. N. L. Anderson, =C.=3004.
-
-=12th.= Col. C. B. White, =C.=3227.
-
-=19th.= Col. C. F. Manderson, =S.=3112.
-
-=25th.= Col. W. P. Richardson, =S.=1510.
-
-=28th.= Col. A. Moor, =S.=2651.
-
-=31st.= Col. M. B. Walker, =S.=3238.
-
-=41st.= Col. W. B. Hazen, =S.=2126.
-
-=44th.= Col. S. A. Gilbert, =C.=5048.
-
-=46th.= Maj. H. H. Gilsy, =S.=3190.
-
-=61st.= Col. S. J. McGroarty, =S.=2079.
-
-=66th.= Col. C. Candy, =S.=2181.
-
-=73d.= Lieut.-Col. S. H. Hurst, =S.=1438.
-
-=114th.= Col. J. Cradlebough, =S.=1775.
-
-=125th.= Group of officers, =C.=4325
-         Company B, =C.=4324.
-         Company C, =C.=4329.
-         Company H, =C.=4330.
-         Band, =C.=4328.
-
-=126th.= Col. B. F. Smith, =S.=1711.
-
-=136th.= Lieut.-Col. D. A. Williams, =S.=1795.
-
-=176th.= Col. E. C. Mason, =S.=1861.
-
-=181st.= Col. J. O'Dowd, =S.=3208.
-
-                        =Pennsylvania Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. O. Jones, =S.=1938.
-       Lieut.-Col. J. Higgins, =S.=1868.
-
-=3d.= Group of officers at Westover Landing, Va., =C.=4532.
-      Group of officers, =C.=4106.
-      Camp at headquarters Army of Potomac, February, 1865, =L.=7298.
-      Company D, Brandy Station, March, 1864, =L.=7389.
-      Lieut. J. W. Ford and Lieut. A. M. Wright, August, 1862, =S.=622.
-      Field and staff officers, =L.=7576, =S.=635.
-      Lieut.-Col. S. W. Owen, caught napping, =S.=625.
-
-=4th.= Col. D. Campbell, =S.=1724.
-       Col. G. H. Covode, =S.=1848.
-       Col. S. B. M. Young, =C.=4716.
-       Lieut.-Col. J. H. Childs, =S.=1869.
-       Field and staff officers at Westover Landing, August, 1862,
-         =L.=7474, =S.=629.
-
-=5th.= Camp in front of Richmond, Va., =S.=2499.
-       Col. R. M. West, =S.=2152.
-
-=6th.= Company I, Falmouth, Va., June, 1863, =L.=7140.
-
-=8th.= Maj. A. G. Enos, =S.=2158.
-
-=9th.= Col. T. J. Jordan, =C.=4712.
-
-=11th.= Col. F. A. Stratton, =C.=4719.
-        Col. S. P. Spear, =S.=3072.
-        Maj. N. M. Runyon, =S.=1984.
-
-=13th.= Maj. G. F. McCabe, =S.=1617.
-
-=14th.= Maj. T. Gibson, =S.=1543.
-
-=16th.= Lieut.-Col. L. D. Rogers, =S.=1441.
-
-=18th.= Regimental camp, February, 1864, =L.=7650.
-
-=20th.= Col. J. E. Wynkoop, =S.=1818.
-
-=21st.= Col. 0. B. Knowles, =C.=4707.
-
-                    =Pennsylvania Light Artillery.=
-
-=1st.= Battery B, =C.=4114, =C.=4139.
-
-                    =Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery.=
-
-=2d.= Company I in Fort Slemmer, =C.=4532.
-
-=3d.= Col. Joseph Roberts, =C.=4721.
-      Field and staff officers, =L.=7486.
-      On parade, =L.=7058, =L.=7423.
-
-                  =Pennsylvania Battery E (Knapp's).=
-
-At Antietam, Md., September, 1862, =S.=577.
-Capt. J. M. Knapp, =S.=1790.
-
-                        =Pennsylvania Infantry.=
-
-=11th.= Col. Richard Coulter, =C.=4724.
-
-=29th.= Lieut.-Col. C. Parham, =S.=1342.
-
-=30th.= Col. W. C. Talley, =S.=1539.
-        View of camp, =C.=4150.
-        Company A, =C.=4485.
-        Company B, =C.=4459.
-        Company --, =C.=4466.
-        Company --, =C.=4484.
-        Company --, =C.=4493.
-        Drum Corps, =C.=4491.
-
-=31st.= Camp on Queen's farm, near Fort Slocum, Va., =S.=2409, =S.=2410,
-          =S.=2411, =S.=2412.
-        Camp scenes, =S.=2404, =S.=2405, =S.=2406.
-        Group of officers, =S.=2407.
-        Captain and First Sergeant of Company --, =S.=2408.
-        Lieut.-Col. G. A. Woodward, =S.=1405.
-
-=32d.= Adjt. A. H. Jameson, =S.=1837.
-
-=33d.= Company B, =S.=2418.
-
-=34th.= Maj. G. Dare, =S.=2159.
-
-=35th.= Col. W. H. Ent, =S.=3266.
-        Col. W. Sinclair, =S.=1540.
-
-=36th.= Company H, =C.=4534.
-        Camp, =C.=4549.
-
-=37th.= Col. S. M. Bailey, =S.=1854.
-        Flag of regiment, =C.=4436.
-
-=39th.= Col. J. S. McCalmont, =S.=1899.
-
-=40th.= Col. S. M. Jackson, =S.=3728.
-
-=45th.= Col. J. J. Curtin, =S.=2038.
-
-=46th.= Col. J. L. Selfridge, =S.=1461.
-
-=48th.= Col. G. W. Gowan, =S.=2624.
-        Col. J. K. Sigfried, =S.=2621.
-        Lieut.-Col. H. Pleasants, =S.=2622.
-
-=50th.= Lieut.-Col. S. K. Schwenk, =L.=7668.
-        Maj. G. W. Brumm, =L.=7271.
-        Lieut. L. Carter, =L.=7410.
-        Lieut. J. I. Eckel, =L.=7359.
-        Regiment on parade, at Beaufort, S. C., 1862, =S.=156.
-        Regiment on parade, at Gettysburg, Pa., July, 1865,
-          =L.=7025, =L.=7027.
-        Officers of regiment, at Gettysburg, Pa., July, 1865,
-          =L.=7225, =L.=7230.
-
-=51st.= Lieut.-Col. T. S. Bell, =S.=3737.
-
-=52d.= Col. Henry M. Hoyt, =C.=4722.
-
-=53d.= Col. W. M. Mintzer, =S.=3229.
-
-=56th.= Col. J. W. Hoffman, =C.=5154.
-
-=58th.= Lieut.-Col. C. Clay, =S.=3000.
-
-=61st.= Col. G. F. Smith, =S.=1369.
-
-=62d.= Lieut,-Col. J. B. Sweitzer, =S.=1721.
-
-=63d.= Surg. W. H. Worthington, =S.=3841.
-
-=69th.= Field and staff officers, =L.=7267.
-        Maj. James O'Reilly, =S.=2197.
-
-=71st.= Col. E. D. Baker, =S.=1459.
-
-=72d.= Col. D. C. Baxter, =S.=3014.
-
-=73d.= Col. J. A. Koltes, =S.=1734.
-
-=75th.= Col. F. Mahler, =S.=1789, =S.=3743.
-        Col. John S. Littell, =C.=4718.
-
-=79th.= Col. H. A. Hambright, =S.=3204.
-
-=82d.= Lieut.-Col. Frank Vallee, =S.=2146.
-
-=83d.= Col. S. Vincent, =S.=3188.
-
-=84th.= Col. S. M. Bowman, =S.=1513.
-
-=85th.= Surg. J. B. Laidley, =S.=3844.
-
-=90th.= Col. P. Lyle, =S.=3018.
-
-=93d.= Lieut.-Col. J. W. Johnston, =S.=2183.
-
-=96th.= Col. H. Cake, =S.=1817.
-        Group of officers, =C.=4633.
-
-=97th.= Col. Henry R. Guss, =C.=4703.
-
-=98th.= Col. J. F. Ballier, =S.=2027.
-
-=100th.= Col. David Leasure, =C.=4714.
-
-=101st.= Surg. D. G. Rush, =S.=2244.
-
-=103d.= Col. T. F. Lehmann, =S.=3814.
-        Lieut.-Col. W. C. Maxwell, =S.=1365.
-
-=104th.= Col. W. W. H. Davis, =C.=4723.
-
-=105th.= Maj. M. M. Dick, =S.=1725.
-
-=106th.= Col. T. G. Morehead, =S.=586.
-
-=110th.= Company C, after the battle of Fredericksburg, =C.=4195.
-
-=114th.= _At Brandy Station, March, 1864_:
-         --View of camp, =L.=7308, =L.=7612.
-         --Guard mounting, =L.=7613, =L.=7944, =S.=134.
-         --Officers of regiment, =L.=7137, =L.=7138, =L.=7316, =S.=7602.
-         --Officers of Company --, =L.=7144, =L.=7146, =L.=7173.
-         --Band, =L.=7346, =L.=7611.
-         --Company F, =L.=7003, =L.=7038, =L.=7143, =L.=7175, =L.=7447.
-         --Company G, =L.=7198, =L.=7348.
-         --Company H, =L.=7077, =L.=7262, =L.=7263.
-         _At Headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864_:
-         --Officers, =L.=7137, =L.=7138, =L.=7316 =L.=7602.
-         --Officers of Company --, =L.=7144, =L.=7145.
-         --Capt. J. =S.= Crawford, =L.=7037, =L.=7073.
-
-=119th.= Lieut.-Col. Gideon Clark, =C.=4720.
-         Officers of regiment, =C.=4290.
-         Officers and non-commissioned officers, =C.=4428.
-         Company --, =C.=4334.
-         Company --, =C.=4375.
-
-=123d.= Surg. H. F. Martin, =S.=1392.
-
-=132d.= Col. V. M. Wilcox, =S.=1409.
-        Major J. E. Shreve, =S.=1440.
-
-=139th.= Officers of regiment, =C.=4288, =C.=4346.
-         Field and staff officers, =C.=4328.
-         Regiment on parade, =C.=4306.
-         Company --, =C.=4302.
-         Company --, =C.=4339.
-         Company --, =C.=4341.
-         Company --, =C.=4367.
-         Company --, =C.=4368.
-         Company --, =C.=4371.
-         Company --, =C.=4173.
-
-=143d.= Col. E. L. Dana, =S.=3748.
-
-=145th.= Col. H. L. Brown, =S.=3107.
-
-=148th.= Col. J. A. Beaver, =C.=4715.
-
-=149th.= Col. Roy Stone, =S.=3103.
-         Company D, in front of Petersburg, November, 1864, =L.=7047,
-          =L.=7388.
-
-=150th.= Camp, March, 1863, =S.=297.
-
-=155th.= Col. A. L. Pearson, =S.=3210.
-
-=195th.= Col. J. W. Fisher, =S.=3040.
-
-=198th.= Col. H. G. Sickel, =C.=4706.
-
-=207th.= Col. Robert C. Cox, =C.=4713.
-
-=208th.= Col. A. B. McCalmont, =S.=1356.
-
-                        =Rhode Island Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. R. B. Lawton, =S.=3727.
-
-                    =Rhode Island Light Artillery.=
-
-=1st.= Officers of regiment, July, 1862, =S.=649.
-       Chaplain T. Quinn, =S.=1780.
-
-                    =Rhode Island Heavy Artillery.=
-
-=3d.= Col. W. Ames, =C.=4666.
-
-                        =Rhode Island Infantry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. A. E. Burnside and officers, =C.=4100.
-       Chaplain A. Woodbury, =S.=1639.
-       Group of Company D, =C.=4128.
-
-=2d.= Col. Horatio Rogers, =C.=4682.
-      Officers of regiment, =C.=4537.
-      Capt. C. G. Dyer, =S.=1686.
-      Camp near Washington, D. C., in 1861, =C.=4113.
-
-=3d.= Col. N. W. Brown, =C.=4669.
-
-=9th.= Lieut.-Col. J. H. Powell, =S.=1343.
-
-=11th.= Headquarters of Company F, Miner's Hill, Va., =C.=4349.
-
-                          =Tennessee Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. J. P. Brownlow, =S.=3077.
-
-                  =United States Engineer Battalion.=
-
-_At Brandy Station, Va., March, 1864_:
---View of camp, =L.=7310, =L.=7433, =L.=7560.
---Officers' quarters, =L.=7109.
---Quarters of Company D, =L.=7005.
-_In front of Petersburg, Va., August, 1864_:
---Headquarters, =L.=7065.
---Company A, =L.=7062, =L.=7384, =L.=7386.
---Company B, =L.=7060, =L.=7210, =L.=7513, =L.=7547, =L.=7566, =L.=7570.
---Company C, =L.=7568, =L.=7647.
---Company D, =L.=7054, =L.=7387, =L.=7548.
---Essayon's Dramatic Club, =L.=7836, =L.=7439.
---Detachment in city of Petersburg, April, 1865, =L.=7188, =L.=7434.
-
-                        =United States Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Company K, Brandy Station, February, 1864, =L.=7120, =L.=7270.
-
-=2d.= Maj. C. J. Whiting, =S.=1416.
-      Capt. G. A. Gordon, =S.=1482.
-
-=6th.= Capt. H. B. Hays, =S.=2067.
-
-                       =United States Artillery.=
-
-=2d.= Capt. J. M. Robertson, =C.=5142.
-      Officers of Battery A (Tidball's), near Fair Oaks, Va.,
-        June, 1862, =S.=435.
-      Officers of Battery B (Robertson's), near Fair Oaks, Va.,
-        June, 1862, =S.=440.
-      Battery B (Robertson's), near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862,
-        =S.=439.
-      Battery B (Robertson's), at Gettysburg, Pa., =L.=7192.
-      Battery D, =C.=4212.
-      Flag of Battery D, =C.=4510.
-      Battery M (Benson's), near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862,
-        =S.=433, =S.=641.
-      Battery M (Benson's), Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, =L.=7245.
-
-=3d.= Officers of Battery C (Gibson's), near Fair Oaks, Va.,
-        June, 1862, =S.=432.
-      Battery C (Gibson's), near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862, =S.=431.
-
-=4th.= Battery A, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, =L.=7334.
-
-=5th.= Lieut.-Col. B. H. Kill, =S.=2046.
-       Capt. Charles Griffin, =S.=1373.
-
-                       =United States Infantry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. C. A. Waite, =S.=2670.
-       Lieut. J. D. De Russy, =S.=1698.
-
-=2d.= Col. S. Burbank, =S.=3101.
-
-=3d.= Officers of regiment, June, 1865, =L.=7366, =L.=7398.
-      Col. B. L. E. Bonneville, =S.=1968.
-
-=4th.= Lieut.-Col. T. Morris, =S.=3769.
-
-=5th.= Lieut.-Col. T. L. Alexander, =S.=1381.
-
-=6th.= Col. H. Day, =S.=3793.
-       Col. W. Seawell, =S.=1474.
-       Capt. J. B. S. Todd, =S.=1336.
-
-=8th.= Provost guard, at headquarters Army of Potomac, Fairfax Court
-         House, June, 1863, =L.=7503.
-       Col. J. Garland, =S.=1329.
-       Col. W. J. Worth, =S.=1316.
-
-=9th.= Lieut. E. Pollock, =S.=2200.
-
-=10th.= Col. H. B. Clitz, =S.=1521.
-        Lieut.-Col. W. H. Sidell, =S.=2615.
-        Lieut. G. W. Vanderbilt, =S.=2250.
-
-=14th.= Officers of regiment, March, 1862, =L.=7973.
-        Col. C. S. Lovell, =S.=3234.
-        Capt. J. D. O'Connell, =S.=3270.
-
-=15th.= Maj. J. H. King, =S.=2609.
-
-=16th.= Capt. F. M. Bache, =S.=2439.
-        Capt. R. P. Barry, =S.=3871.
-
-=17th.= Maj. W. H. Wood, =S.=3830.
-        Lieut. N. Prine, =S.=2199.
-
-                     =United States Sharpshooters.=
-
-=1st.= Col. H. Berdan, =S.=3771.
-
-=2d.= Col. H. A. V. Post, =S.=3731.
-      Lieut.-Col. H. R. Stoughton, =S.=1620.
-      Adjt. L. C. Parmalee, =S.=1825.
-
-                 =United States Veteran Reserve Corps.=
-
-=3d.= Col. F. D. Sewall, =S.=3753.
-
-=7th.= Lieut.-Col. J. B. Callis, =C.=4740.
-
-=9th.= _In Washington, D. C., May, 1865_:
-       --On parade, =L.=7686, =L.=7881.
-       --Band, =L.=7807, =L.=7808.
-       --Band quarters, =L.=7854, =L.=7868.
-       --Company A, =L.=7670.
-
-=10th.= _In Washington, D. C., May, 1865_:
-        --Band, =L.=7865, =L.=7879.
-        --Drum Corps, =L.=7688.
-        --Company A, =L.=7742.
-        --Company B, =L.=7677, =L.=7892.
-        --Company C, =L.=7896, =L.=7898.
-        --Company D, =L.=7905.
-        --Company E, =L.=7810.
-        --Company F, =L.=7910.
-        --Company H, =L.=7809, =L.=7911.
-        --Company I, =L.=7804, =L.=7806.
-        --Company K, =L.=7805.
-        --Non-commissioned officers of Company H, =L.=7802.
-
-=14th.= Col. S. D. Oliphant, =S.=3796.
-
-=19th.= Col. O. V. Dayton, =S.=1777, =S.=2065.
-
-=22d.= Maj. J. R. O'Beirne, =S.=3269.
-
-=26th.= Lieut.-Col. B. P. Runkle, =S.=1762.
-
-                  =United States Veteran Volunteers.=
-
-=8th.= Parade of regiment, Washington, D. C., March, 1864, =L.=7813.
-
-                    =United States Colored Cavalry.=
-
-=4th.= Col. J. G. Wilson, =S.=1815, =S.=1868.
-
-                   =United States Colored Infantry.=
-
-=1st.= Camp and regiment, =L.=7013.
-
-=4th.= Officers of regiment, Fort Slocum, near Washington, D. C.,
-         =L.=7689, =L.=7851.
-       Company E, Fort Lincoln, near Washington, D. C., =L.=7890.
-
-=7th.= Col. James Shaw, =C.=4730.
-
-=8th.= Col. S. C. Armstrong, =S.=1920.
-
-=14th.= Col. H. C. Corbin, =S.=2617.
-
-=17th.= Col. W. R. Shafter, =S.=2604.
-
-=24th.= Col. O. Brown, =C.=4984.
-
-=27th.= Col. A. M. Blackman, =S.=2042.
-
-=28th.= Col. C. S. Russell, =S.=3211.
-
-=35th.= Col. J. C. Beecher, =S.=1466.
-
-=37th.= Col. N. Goff, =S.=3035.
-
-=39th.= Field and staff officers, in front of Petersburg, Va.,
-  September, 1864, =L.=7051, =L.=7052.
-
-=43d.= Col. S. B. Yeoman, =S.=2669.
-
-=45th.= Col. U. Doubleday, =S.=3213.
-
-=79th.= Col. J. M. Williams, =C.=4596.
-
-=83d.= Col. S. J. Crawford, =C.=4784.
-
-=100th.= Col. R. D. Mussey, =S.=2606.
-
-=103d.= Col. S. L. Woodford, =C.=5098.
-
-=107th.= _At Fort Corcoran, near Washington, D. C., November, 1865_:
-         --Officers of regiment, =L.=7684.
-         --Guard and guard-house, =L.=7841.
-         --Band, =L.=7861.
-
-=109th.= Col. O. A. Bartholomew, =S.=2614.
-
-=119th.= Col. C. G. Bartlett, =S.=3091.
-
-                  =United States Treasury Battalion.=
-
-Officers of battalion, Washington, D. C., April, 1865, =L.=7850.
-
-                           =Vermont Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Lieut.-Col. A. W. Preston, =S.=1751.
-
-                       =Vermont Heavy Artillery.=
-
-=1st.= Lieut.-Col. R. C. Benton, =S.=1355.
-       Lieut.-Col. G. E. Chamberlain, =S.=3735.
-
-                          =Vermont Infantry.=
-
-=3d.= Col. B. N. Hyde, =S.=3770.
-
-=5th.= Col. H. A. Smalley, =S.=3729.
-
-=6th.= Col. E. L. Barney, =S.=1683.
-       Col. N. Lord, =S.=1731.
-       Col. O. L. Tuttle, =S.=1802.
-       Lieut.-Col. A. P. Blunt, =S.=1813.
-       Surg. C. M. Chandler, =S.=2148.
-       Views of Camp Griffin, near Washington, D. C., in 1861,
-         =C.=4787, =C.=4117, =C.=4118.
-       Company A, =C.=4119.
-       Company D, =C.=4120.
-       Company E, =C.=4121.
-       Company F, =C.=4122.
-       Company G, =C.=4123.
-       Company H, =C.=4124.
-       Company I, =C.=4125.
-       Company K, =C.=4126.
-
-=9th.= Col. E. H. Ripley, =S.=3113, =S.=3114.
-
-=10th.= Col. A. B. Jewett, =S.=2165.
-
-=12th.= Col. A. P. Blunt, =S.=1813.
-
-=13th.= Col. F. V. Randall, =S.=1445.
-        Lieut.-Col. A. C. Brown, =S.=1463.
-
-=15th.= Lieut.-Col. R. Farnham, =S.=1479.
-        Maj. C. F. Spaulding, =S.=1396.
-        Surg. C. P. Frost, =S.=1447.
-
-=17th.= Col. F. V. Randall, =S.=1445.
-        Lieut.-Col. C. Cummings, =S.=1468.
-
-                        =West Virginia Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Lieut.-Col. C. E. Capehart, =S.=1623.
-
-=3d.= Col. D. H. Strother, =S.=3723.
-
-=4th.= Lieut.-Col. S. W. Snider, =S.=1455.
-
-                       =West Virginia Infantry.=
-
-=12th.= Col. W. B. Curtis, =S.=3224.
-
-                         =Wisconsin Infantry.=
-
-=2d.= Col. E. O'Connor, =S.=3863.
-      Camp in front of Petersburg, Va., February, 1865, =L.=7543.
-
-=5th.= Col. Amasa Cobb, =C.=4739.
-       Maj. C. H. Larrabee, =S.=2186.
-
-=6th.= Lieut.-Col. F. S. Bragg, =S.=1367.
-       Surg. A. W. Preston, =S.=3854.
-
-=16th.= Col. C. Fairchild, =S.=3202.
-
-=18th.= Surg. E. J. Buck, =S.=3798.
-
-=21st.= Col. H. C. Hobart, =S.=3205.
-
-=24th.= Col. C. H. Larrabee, =S.=2186.
-
-=25th.= Lieut.-Col. J. M. Rusk, =C.=4732.
-
-
-                       PORTRAITS OF NAVY OFFICERS.
-
-Ammen, Commander D., =C.=4635.
-Bailey, Commodore T., =S.=2231.
-Bankhead, Commander J. P., =S.=2118.
-Barrett, Lieut.-Commander E., =S.=1987, =S.=3415.
-Beil, Commodore C. H., =S.=2121.
-Bennett, --, =S.=2256.
-Blodgett, Lieut. G. M., =S.=2201.
-Boggs, Capt. C. S., =S.=3764.
-Breese, Commodore S. L., =S.=1610.
-Bullus, Capt. O., =S.=1632.
-Campbell, Acting Ass't Surg., =S.=2204.
-Collins, Commander N., =S.=1930.
-Conroy, Acting Lieut.-Commander E., =S.=1657.
-Cushing, Lieut.-Commander W. B., =S.=1864.
-Dahlgren, Rear Admiral J. A., =S.=1862, =S.=3416, =S.=3417, =S.=3418.
-Dahlgren, Rear Admiral J. A. and staff, =S.=3413.
-Davis, Rear Admiral C. H., =C.=4743.
-De Kraftt, Lieut.-Commander J. C. P., =C.=5143.
-Drayton, Capt. P., =C.=5112.
-Dupont, Rear Admiral S. F., =C.=4636.
-Erben, Lieut.-Commander H., =C.=4637.
-Farragut, Rear Admiral D. G., =S.=1561.
-Faunce, Capt. J. (Revenue Marine), =S.=2134.
-Foote, Rear Admiral A. H., =S.=1600.
-Freeman, Acting Master, =S.=2202.
-Gibson, Purser J. D., =C.=4803.
-Gilliss, Capt. J. P., =C.=4809.
-Glisson, Capt. O. S., =C.=4808.
-Goldsborough, Capt. J. R., =S.=2119.
-Goldsborough, Rear Admiral L. M., =C.=4744.
-Gregory, Rear Admiral F. H., =S.=1812.
-Gregory, Ass't Engineer H. P., =S.=1690.
-Gregory, Acting Master S. B., =S.=2003.
-Gwin, Lieut.-Commander W., =S.=1408.
-Harwood, Commodore A. A., =C.=4801.
-Haxtun, Lieut.-Commander M., =S.=2235.
-Hoff, Commodore H. K., =C.=5113.
-Howard, --, =S.=1603.
-Hughes, Commander A. K., =S.=2247.
-Hughes, Acting Ensign J. F., =S.=2166.
-Hull, Commodore J. B., =S.=1636.
-Isherwood, Engineer-in-chief B. F., =S.=1890.
-Jenkins, Capt. T. A., =C.=4633.
-Jeffers, Lieut.-Commander W. N., =S.=492.
-Jones, Surg. S. J., =S.=3860.
-Kershner, Ass't Surg. E., =S.=3810.
-King, Chief Engineer J. W., =C.=4811.
-Lanman, Commodore J., =C.=5186.
-Lardner, Commodore J. L., =C.=4807.
-Law, Lieut-Commander R. L., =C.=4582.
-Levy, Capt. U. P., =C.=4745.
-Livingstone, Commodore J. W., =S.=2068.
-Luce, Lieut.-Commander S. B., =C.=5075.
-Meade, Capt, R. W., =S.=1056.
-Meade, Lieut.-Commander R. W., =S.=1579.
-Montgomery. Commodore J. B., =S.=2078.
-Morris, Lieut.-Commander G. U., =S.=1826.
-Morris, Commodore H. W., =S.=1328.
-Nichols, Capt. Sylvester, =S.=1701.
-Nichols, Lieut. S. W., =S.=3857.
-Nones, Capt. H. B. (Revenue Marine), =S.=1545.
-Palmer, Commodore J. S., =S.=1571.
-Parker, =S.=2240.
-Parker, Lieut.-Commander James, =C.=5203.
-Pattison, Lieut.-Commander T., =S.=3184.
-Paulding, Rear Admiral H., =S.=1324.
-Perry, Capt, M. C., =S.=1317.
-Porter, Lieut. B. H., =S.=1893.
-Porter, Rear Admiral D. D., =L.=7945, =S.=1334.
-Porter, Rear Admiral D. D. and staff, =L.=7227, =L.=7244, =L.=7541.
-Porter, Acting Master W., =S.=1940.
-Porter, Commodore W. D., =S.=2242.
-Powell, Commodore L. M., =C.=4631.
-Preston, Lieut. S. W., =S.=3836.
-Ransom, Commander G. M., =C.=4802.
-Ridgely, Capt. D. B., =C.=4806.
-Riell, Lieut. R. B., =S.=1689.
-Ringgold, Commodore C., =S.=1407.
-Rodgers, Commander C. R. P., =S.=1875, =S.=3803.
-Rodgers, Commodore J., =S.=1936.
-Rowan, Commodore S. C., =S.=1766.
-Salstonstall, Acting Lieut.-Commander W. G., =S.=2259.
-Schoonmaker, Lieut. C. M., =S.=3415.
-Shubrick, Rear Admiral W. B., =S.=1598.
-Shufeldt, Commander R. W., =C.=4632.
-Skerrett, Lieut.-Commander J. S., =C.=4583.
-Smith, Commander A. N., =S.=1822.
-Smith, Rear Admiral J., =S.=2176.
-Stewart, Rear Admiral C., =S.=1332.
-Stockwell, Midshipman N. P., =S.=1370.
-Storer, Rear Admiral G. W., =S.=1774.
-Stringham, Rear Admiral S. H., =S.=1768.
-Thatcher, Commodore H. K., =C.=5187.
-Trenchard, Commander S. D., =S.=3865.
-Van Brunt, Commodore G., =S.=3085.
-Walke, Capt, H., =S.=1576.
-Ward, Commander J. H., =S.=2004.
-Wheelwright, Surg. C. W., =S.=2258.
-Whelan, Surg. W., =S.=5205.
-Wilkes, Commodore C., =C.=4656.
-Winslow, Commodore J. A., =S.=1788.
-Wise, Commander H. A., =S.=1844.
-Worden, Capt, J. L., =C.=4634.
-Wright, =S.=1587.
-Wyatt, 1st Ass't Engineer S. C., =S.=1550.
-Wyman, Commander R. H., =S.=1994.
-
-
-There are several thousand negatives in the vaults that have not yet
-been catalogued. No negative is registered until its authenticity is
-proved beyond a doubt. The testimony of hundreds of veterans is secured
-in many instances before the locality of the negative is established.
-The warriors who participated in these scenes are fast passing away and
-the work of identification is progressing as rapidly as absolute
-accuracy will allow. At the National Encampment at Saratoga hundreds of
-"unknown" negatives were identified by soldiers who saw them taken and
-offered their affidavits. Requests have been received from Grand Army
-Posts for enlargements of the rare photographs of Lincoln in the tent
-with McClellan at Antietam, of the Armies in Camp, and other views, the
-existence of which has been hitherto unknown. Mr. Eaton authorizes the
-enlargement of any negative for this purpose, providing that it is to be
-treasured in the hall of a Grand Army Post. All requests must be sent
-direct, accompanied by references, and no enlargement will be allowed
-until it bears the written signature of Edward B. Eaton, Hartford,
-Connecticut.
-
-
-
-
-                               DEDICATED
-                                 TO THE
-                            AMERICAN SOLDIER
-
-
-
-
-                                ALBUM OF
-
-                         Civil War Photographs
-
-       from the famous collection of 7,000 photographic negatives
-              made by MATHEW BRADY and ALEXANDER GARDNER.
-
-                           TAKES THE VETERAN
-
-                        BACK TO THE BATTLEFIELDS
-
-                   AS IN A PERSONALLY CONDUCTED TOUR
-
-                               * * * * *
-
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-upon the sites of the famous battlefields of the Civil War, and then
-they see the situation only as it appears today, and not as it was when
-the famous events were being enacted. How many a veteran would rejoice
-to go back once more to those localities where the roar of cannon and
-musketry resounded in his ears over forty years ago. =This= Album makes
-this well nigh possible, and these famous photographs take the
-precedence of a visit today since along with the natural localities one
-sees the great actors, the President and the armies as they moved over
-these localities. The whole action and movement live once again before
-the eye, making the situation
-
-             AS REAL AS THOUGH THE WAR HAD ONLY JUST ENDED
-
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-authorities have been received, which are of convincing importance to
-all who have any interest in the history of the great Civil strife, as
-the following
-
-                 POWERFUL TESTIMONY CONCLUSIVELY PROVES
-
-J. W. Cheney, Librarian, War Department, Washington, says: "Your
-magnificent album of Civil War photographs is to me both a surprise and
-a delight. I am pleased to know that this superb volume has been added
-to the available literature of the War for the Union. I congratulate you
-on the successful accomplishment of a work that cannot be overestimated
-by appreciative students of American History."
-
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-publication 'Original Photographs taken on the battlefields during the
-Civil War of the U. S.,' is an original document of the first
-importance. I beg to congratulate you on this publication which will
-have a very large usefulness, and to hope that you will print other
-volumes of the sort."
-
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-all Veterans of the Country, but also to all students of the history of
-our Civil War."
-
-Bishop Samuel R. Fallows says: "The superb work of 'Original Photographs
-taken on the battlefields during the Civil War' should be in the
-possession of every Grand Army Post and of every Grand Army Comrade who
-can afford to take it. If I possessed the means, every Comrade who could
-not spare the money to purchase it, should have a copy."
-
-Corporal Tanner says: "The volume instantly commanded my most undivided
-attention. Why, it is like rolling back the scroll forty-five years. In
-every respect, as to faithfulness and fineness of execution, I heartily
-endorse the publication."
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                     OVER TWO HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS
-
-             SHOWING JUST HOW THINGS LOOKED "AT THE FRONT"
-
-         THE MOST VIVID AND REALISTIC WAR VOLUME EVER PUBLISHED
-
-                              Price, $2.50
-
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-
-[Illustration: THE REMARKABLE PHOTOGRAPH WAS TAKEN AT ANTIETAM IN
-OCTOBER, 1862, AND SHOWS PRESIDENT LINCOLN IN CENTER, MAJ. ALLAN
-PINKERTON ON LEFT AND GEN. JOHN A. McCLERNAND ON RIGHT.]
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-                           Transcriber Notes:
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-Halleck, who".
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-<pre>
-
-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Original Photographs Taken on the
-Battlefields during the Civil War of the United States, by Mathew B. Brady and Alexander Gardner
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
-almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
-re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
-with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
-
-
-Title: Original Photographs Taken on the Battlefields during the Civil War of the United States
-
-Author: Mathew B. Brady
-        Alexander Gardner
-
-Release Date: October 10, 2013 [EBook #43922]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ORIGINAL PHOTOS--CIVIL WAR BATTLEFIELDS ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by David Edwards, Ernest Schaal, and the Online
-Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
-file was produced from images generously made available
-by The Internet Archive)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-</pre>
-
-
-<div class="image-center">
-<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="700" height="522" alt="cover" title="cover"/>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="h1"><span class="cursive">Original Photographs</span><br />
-<small>Taken on the</small><br />
-BATTLEFIELDS<br />
-<small>During the</small><br />
-Civil War of the United States</p>
-
-<p class="cnobmargin">By Mathew B. Brady and Alexander Gardner</p>
-<p class="cnotmargin"><small>Who operated under the Authority of the War Department and the Protection of the Secret Service</small></p>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="cnobmargin">Rare Reproductions from Photographs Selected from Seven Thousand</p>
-<p class="cnomargins">Original Negatives Taken under Most Hazardous Conditions in the</p>
-<p class="cnomargins">Midst of One of the Most Terrific Conflicts of Men that the</p>
-<p class="cnomargins">World Has Ever Known, and in the Earliest Days of</p>
-<p class="cnomargins">Photography&mdash;These Negatives Have Been in</p>
-<p class="cnomargins">Storage Vaults for More than Forty</p>
-<p class="cnotmargin">Years and are now the</p>
-
-<p class="cnobmargin"><span class="cursive">Private Collection of Edward Bailey Eaton</span></p>
-<p class="cnotmargin"><b><small>Valued at $150,000</small></b></p>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="cnobmargin">FIRST PRESENTATION FROM THIS HISTORIC COLLECTION</p>
-<p class="cnomargins">MADE OFFICIALLY AND EXCLUSIVELY</p>
-<p class="cnotmargin">BY THE OWNER</p>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="cnobmargin"><small><span class="cursive">Hartford, Connecticut</span></small></p>
-<p class="cnotmargin"><small>1907</small></p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="center">COPYRIGHT 1907 BY E. B. EATON</p>
-
-<p class="cnobmargin">COPIES OF THIS ALBUM MAY BE OBTAINED</p>
-<p class="cnomargins">BY A REMITTANCE OF THREE DOLLARS TO</p>
-<p class="cnomargins">EDWARD B. EATON</p>
-<p class="cnomargins">HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT</p>
-<p class="cnotmargin">PUBLISHER</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page5" id="page5"></a>[pg&nbsp;5]</span></p>
-
-<p class="h1">Martyrs on Altar of Civilization</p>
-
-<p class="cnobmargin"><span class="smcap">by</span></p>
-<p class="cnomargins">FRANCIS TREVELYAN MILLER</p>
-<p class="cnotmargin"><span class="smcap">Editor of the Journal of American History</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i001.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i001t.jpg" width="387" height="371" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">MATHEW BRADY, FIRST WAR PHOTOGRAPHER IN AMERICA</p>
-
-<p class="indent"><small>He followed the Armies during the Civil War and secured these remarkable
-Negatives&mdash;In conference with Major-General Burnside at the Headquarters
-of the Army of the Potomac near Richmond, Virginia&mdash;Brady
-occupies the chair directly in front of the tree while General Burnside
-is reading a newspaper&mdash;This picture was found amoSng his negatives</small></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">THIS is undoubtedly the most valuable collection
-of historic photographs in America. It is believed
-to be the first time that the camera was
-used so extensively and practically on the battle-field.
-It is the first known collection of its size on the Western
-Continent and it is the only witness of the scenes enacted
-during the greatest crisis in the annals of the American
-nation. As a contribution to history it occupies a position
-that the higher art of painting, or scholarly research and
-literal description, can never usurp. It records a tragedy
-that neither the imagination of the painter nor the skill
-of the historian can so dramatically relate.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">The existence of this collection is unknown by the
-public at large. Even while this book has been in preparation
-eminent photographers have pronounced it impossible,
-declaring that photography was not sufficiently
-advanced at that period to prove of such practical use
-in War. Distinguished veterans of the Civil War have
-informed me that they knew positively that there were
-no cameras in the wake of the army. This incredulity
-of men in a position to know the truth enhances the
-value of the collection inasmuch that its genuineness
-is officially proven by the testimony of those who saw
-the pictures taken, by the personal statement of the man
-who took them, and by the Government Records. For
-forty-two years the original negatives have been in storage,
-secreted from public view, except as an occasional proof
-is drawn for some special use. How these negatives came
-to be taken under most hazardous conditions in the storm
-and stress of a War that threatened to change the entire
-history of the world is itself an interesting historical incident.
-Moreover, it is one of the tragedies of genius.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">While the clouds were gathering, which finally broke
-into the Civil War in the United States, there died in
-London one named Scott-Archer, a man who had found
-one of the great factors in civilization, but died poor and
-before his time because he had overstrained his powers in
-the cause of science. It was necessary to raise a subscription
-for his widow, and the government settled upon
-the children a pension of fifty pounds per annum on the
-ground that their father was &quot;the discoverer of a scientific
-process of great value to the nation, from which the
-inventor had reaped little or no benefit.&quot;</p>
-
-<p class="indent">This was in 1857, and four years later, when the
-American Republic became rent by a conflict of brother
-against brother, Mathew B. Brady of Washington and
-New York, asked the permission of the Government
-and the protection of the Secret Service to demonstrate
-the practicability of Scott-Archer&#39;s discovery in the severest
-test that the invention had ever been given. Brady was
-an artist by temperament and gained his technical knowledge
-of portraiture in the rendezvous of Paris. He had
-been interested in the discoveries of Niepce and
-Daguerre and Fox-Talbot along the crude lines of
-photography but with the introduction of the collodion
-process of Scott-Archer he accepted the science as a profession
-and, during twenty-five years of labor as a pioneer
-photographer, took the likenesses of the political celebrities
-of the epoch and of eminent men and women throughout
-the country.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Brady&#39;s request was granted and he invested heavily in
-cameras which were made specially for the hard usage of
-warfare. These cameras were cumbersome and were
-operated by what is known as the old wet-plate process,
-requiring a dark room which was carried with them onto
-the battle-fields. The experimental operations under
-Brady proved so successful that they attracted the immediate
-attention of President Lincoln, General Grant
-and Allan Pinkerton, known as Major Allen and chief
-of the Secret Service. Equipments were hurried to all
-divisions of the great army and some of them found their
-way into the Confederate ranks.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page6" id="page6"></a>[pg&nbsp;6]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">&quot;THE black art,&quot; by which
-Brady secured these photographs,
-was as mystifying
-as the work of a
-magician. It required a knowledge
-of chemistry and, considering the difficulties,
-one wonders how Brady had
-courage to undertake it on the battle-field.
-He first immersed eighty
-grains of cotton-wool in a mixture of
-one ounce each of nitric and sulphuric
-acids for fifteen seconds, washing
-them in running water. The pyroxylin
-was dissolved in a mixture of
-equal parts of sulphuric ether and absolute
-alcohol. This solution gave
-him the ordinary collodion to which
-he added iodide of potassium and a
-little potassium bromide. He then
-poured the iodized collodion on a
-clean piece of sheet glass and allowed
-two or three minutes for the film to
-set. The coated plate was taken into
-a &quot;dark room,&quot; which Brady carried
-with him, and immersed for about a
-minute in a bath of thirty grains of
-silver nitrate to every ounce of water.
-The plate was now sensitive to white
-light and must be placed immediately
-in the camera and exposed and developed
-within five minutes to get good
-results, especially in the South during
-the summer months. It was returned
-to the dark room at once and developed
-by pouring over it a mixture of
-water, one ounce; acetic acid, one
-dram; pyrogallic acid, three grains,
-and &quot;fixed&quot; by soaking in a strong
-solution of hyposulphite of soda or
-cyanide of potassium. This photograph
-shows Brady&#39;s &quot;dark room&quot; in
-the Confederate lines southeast of
-Atlanta, Georgia, shortly before the
-battle of July 22, 1864. It is a fine
-example of wet-plate photography.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center">
-<a href="images/i002.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i002t.jpg" width="392" height="270" alt="" />
-</a>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page7" id="page7"></a>[pg&nbsp;7]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THE secret never has been divulged. How Mr.
-Brady gained the confidence of such men as Jefferson
-Davis and General Robert E. Lee, and was
-passed through the Confederate lines, may never be
-known. It is certain that he never betrayed the confidence
-reposed in him and that the negatives were not
-used for secret service information, and this despite the
-fact, that Allan Pinkerton and the Artist Brady were
-intimate. Neither of these men had any idea of the
-years which the conflict was to rage and Mr. Brady expended
-all his available funds upon paraphernalia. The
-government was strained to its utmost resources in keeping
-its defenders in food and ammunition. It was not
-concerned in the development of a new science nor the
-preservation of historical record. It faced a mighty foe
-of its own blood. It must either fall or rise in a decisive
-blow.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">It was indeed a sorry time for an aesthete. Mr.
-Brady was unable to secure money. His only recourse
-was credit. This he secured from Anthony, who was
-importing photographic materials into America and was
-a founder of the trade on this continent. The next
-obstacle was the securing of men competent to operate a
-camera. Nearly every able-bodied man was engaged in
-warfare. The science was new and required a knowledge
-of chemistry. Brady was a man of speculative disposition
-and plunged into the apparently impossible undertaking
-of preserving on glass the scenes of action during
-one of the most tremendous conflicts that the world has
-known. Pressing toward the firing-line, planting his
-camera on the field almost before the smoke of artillery
-and musket had cleared, he came out of the War
-with his thousands of negatives, perpetuating scenes
-that human eyes never expected to look upon again.
-There can be but very few important movements that
-failed to become imprinted on these glass records.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i003.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i003t.jpg" width="382" height="368" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">FIRST CAMERAS EVER USED ON THE BATTLEFIELD</p>
-
-<p class="indent"><small>One of Brady&#39;s Photograph Wagons in the wake of the Army at Manassas
-on the Fourth of July, in 1862&mdash;These mysterious canvas-covered wagons,
-traveling under the protection of the Secret Service, aroused the curiosity
-of the soldiers whose frequent queries &quot;What is it?&quot; soon earned for them
-the epithet of the &quot;What is it?&quot; wagon&mdash;Found among Brady&#39;s negatives</small></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">With the close of the War, Brady was in the direst
-financial straits. He had spent every dollar of the
-money accumulated in early portraiture and was heavily
-in debt. Seven thousand of his negatives were sent to
-New York as security for Anthony, his largest creditor.
-The remaining six thousand negatives were placed in a
-warehouse in Washington. Brady then began negotiations
-for replenishing his funds by disposing of the property.
-He exhibited proofs of his negatives in galleries
-of the New York Historical Society the year following
-the cessation of the conflict. On the twenty-ninth of
-January of that same year, 1866, the Council of the
-National Academy of Design adopted a resolution in
-which it acknowledged the value of the Brady collection
-as a reliable authority for art and an important contribution
-to American history. It indorsed the proposal to
-place the collection permanently with the New York
-Historical Society. General Ulysses S. Grant had been
-much interested in the work of Brady on the battlefield,
-and in a letter written on February third, 1866, spoke of
-it as &quot;a collection of photographic views of battlefields
-taken on the spot, while the occurrences represented were
-taking place.&quot; General Grant added: &quot;I knew when many
-of these representations were being taken and I can say
-that the scenes are not only spirited and correct, but also
-well-chosen. The collection will be valuable to the
-student and artist of the present generation, but <i>how much
-more valuable it will be to future generations</i>?&quot;</p>
-
-<p class="indent">These were days of reconstruction. It was almost
-impossible to interest men in matters not pertaining to
-the re-establishment of Commerce and Trade. Brady
-had spent twenty-five years in collecting the portraits of
-distinguished personages and endeavored to dispose of
-these to the Government. The joint committee on
-libraries, on March third, 1871, recommended the purchase
-of some two thousand portraits which they called:
-&quot;A National Collection of Portraits of Eminent Americans.&quot;
-The congressmen, however, faced problems too
-great to allow them to give attention to pictorial art and
-took no final action on the subject. In the meantime
-Brady was unable to meet the bill for storage and the
-negatives in Washington were offered at auction. William
-W. Belknap, the Secretary of War, was advised of
-the conditions and in July, 1874, he paid the storage bill
-and the negatives fell into possession of the Government.
-The purchase was made at a public auction and the
-Government bid was $2840 from money accumulated
-by Provost Marshals and turned in to the Adjutant-General
-at the close of the Civil War. The Government
-Records fail to give a list of the negatives made either at
-the time of the purchase or for many subsequent years.
-The original voucher dated July 31st, 1874, is silent as
-to the number of negatives received by the Government.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page8" id="page8"></a>[pg&nbsp;8]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THIS photograph is selected
-from the seven thousand negatives
-left by Mathew B.
-Brady, the celebrated government
-photographer, as one of the most
-valuable in existence. It seems to be
-the first instance on the Western Continent,
-and possibly in the world, in
-which a camera successfully imprinted
-on glass the actual vision of a great
-army in camp. While scenes such as
-this are engraved on the memories of
-the venerable warriors who participated
-in the terrific struggle this remarkable
-negative preserves for all
-ages the magnificent pageant of men,
-who have offered their lives in defense
-of their country, waiting for the
-call to the battle-line. The photograph
-was taken on a day in the middle
-of May in 1862 when the Army
-of the Potomac was encamped at
-Cumberland Landing on the Pamunky
-River. A hundred thousand men rested
-in this city of tents, in the seclusion
-of the hills, eager to strike a blow for
-the flag they loved, yet such was the
-tragic stillness that one who recalls it
-says that absolute quiet reigned
-throughout the vast concourse like
-the peace of the Sabbath-day. On
-every side were immense fields of
-wheat, promising an abundant harvest,
-but trammeled under the feet of
-the encroaching armies. Occasionally
-the silence was broken by the strains
-of a national song that swept from
-tent to tent as the men smoked and
-drowsed, fearless of the morrow.
-The encampment covered many
-square miles and this picture represents
-but one brigade on the old Custis
-place, near White House, which
-became the estate of General Fitzhugh
-Lee, the indomitable cavalry leader of
-the Confederacy and an American patriot
-during the later war with Spain.
-The original negative, although now
-forty-five years old, has required but
-slight retouching in the background.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center">
-<a href="images/i004.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i004t.jpg" width="393" height="298" alt="" />
-</a>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page9" id="page9"></a>[pg&nbsp;9]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">GENERAL JAMES A. GARFIELD was fully
-acquainted with the conditions under which
-the negatives were taken and the subsequent
-impoverishment of Mathew Brady. He insisted that
-something should be done for the man who risked
-all he had in the world and through misfortune lost the
-results of his labors. General Benjamin Butler, Congressman
-from Massachusetts, also felt the injustice, and on
-his motion a paragraph was inserted in the Sundry Civil
-Appropriation Bill for $25,000 &quot;to enable the Secretary
-of War to acquire a full and perfect title to the Brady
-collection of photographs of the War.&quot; The business
-element in Congress was inclined to question the material
-value of the negatives. They were but little concerned
-with the art value and the discussion became a matter of
-business inventory. Generals Garfield and Butler in reply
-to the economists declared: &quot;<i>The commercial value of the
-entire collection is at least $150,000.</i>&quot; Ten years after
-the War, but too late to save him a vestige of business
-credit, the Government came to Brady&#39;s relief and on
-April 15, 1875, the sum of $25,000 was paid to him.
-During these years of waiting, Brady had been unable to
-satisfy the demands of his creditors and an attachment
-was placed on the negatives in storage in New York.
-Judgment was rendered to his creditor, Anthony, and the
-negatives became his property.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Army officers who knew of the existence of the negatives
-urged the Government to publish them as a part
-of the Official Records of the War. The Government
-stated in reply: &quot;The photographic views of the War
-showing the battlefields, military divisions, fortifications,
-etc., are among the most authentic and valuable records
-of the Rebellion. The preservation of these interesting
-records of the War is too important to be intrusted in
-glass plates so easily destroyed by accident or design and
-no more effective means than printing can be devised to
-save them from destruction.&quot; While a few proofs were
-taken for the purpose of official records, the public still
-remained unacquainted with the scenes so graphically
-preserved. One who is acquainted with the conditions
-says: &quot;From different sources verbal and unofficial, it
-was learned that quite a number of the negatives were
-broken through careless handling by the employees of
-the War Department.&quot; The negatives were transferred to
-the War Records Office and placed under the careful supervision
-of Colonel R. N. Scott.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i005.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i005t.jpg" width="387" height="368" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BRADY&#39;S &quot;WHAT IS IT?&quot; IN THE CIVIL WAR</p>
-
-<p class="indent"><small>The Photographer&#39;s Headquarters at Cold Harbor, Virginia, in 1862,
-where he had taken refuge to prepare his paraphernalia for a long
-and hazardous journey&mdash;It was with much difficulty that the delicate glass
-negatives were protected from breakage on these daring rides through
-forests and fields and proofs were taken at the first opportunity that offered</small></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">Twenty-five years ago, in 1882, Bierstadt, a chemist,
-informed the Government: &quot;The breakableness of the
-glass and the fugitive character of photograph chemicals
-will in short time obliterate all traces of the scenes these
-represent. Unless they are reproduced in some permanent
-form they will soon be lost.&quot; Fifty-two negatives were
-sent to him and he reproduced six of these by a photographic
-mechanical process. The Government, however,
-decided that the cost was prohibitive, the expense of
-making the prints was seventy-five dollars a thousand
-and would not allow any general circulation.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Honorable John C. Taylor, of Hartford, Connecticut,
-a veteran of the Civil War, believed that the heroes of
-the conflict should be allowed to look upon the scenes in
-which they participated, and made a thorough investigation.
-Mr. Taylor is now Secretary of the Connecticut
-Prison Association and Past Commander of Post No. 50,
-Grand Army of the Republic. In relating his experiences
-to me a few days ago he said; &quot;I found the seven
-thousand negatives in New York stored in an old garret.
-Anthony, the creditor, had drawn prints from some of
-them and I purchased all that were in his possession. I
-also made a deal with him to allow me to use the prints
-exclusively. General Albert Ordway of the Loyal
-Legion became acquainted with the conditions and, with
-Colonel Rand of Boston, he purchased the negatives
-from Anthony who had a clear title through court procedure.
-I met these gentlemen and contracted to continue
-my arrangement with them for the exclusive use of
-the prints. I finally purchased the Brady negatives
-from General Ordway and Colonel Rand with the intention
-of bringing them before the eyes of all the old soldiers
-so that they might see that the lens had forever perpetuated
-their struggle for the Union. The Government
-collection had for nine years remained comparatively
-neglected but through ordinary breakage, lax supervision,
-and disregard of orders, nearly three hundred of their
-negatives were broken or lost. To assist them in securing
-the prints for Government Records I loaned my seven
-thousand negatives to the Navy Department and shipped
-them to Washington where they were placed in a fireproof
-warehouse at 920 E Street, North West. I did all
-that was possible to facilitate the important work.&quot;</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page10" id="page10"></a>[pg&nbsp;10]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THE lens here perpetuates the
-interesting spectacle of an
-army wagon train being
-&quot;parked&quot; and guarded from
-a raid by the enemy&#39;s cavalry. With
-a million of the nation&#39;s strongest men
-abandoning production to wage devastation
-and destruction the problem
-of providing them with food barely
-sufficient to sustain life was an almost
-incalculable enigma. The able-bodied
-men of the North and the South had
-turned from the fields and factories
-to maintain what both conscientiously
-believed to be their rights. Harvests
-were left to the elements and
-the wheels of industry fell into silence.
-The good women and children
-at home, aided by men willing
-but unable to meet the hardships and
-exposures of warfare, worked heroically
-to hold their families together
-and to send to their dear ones at the
-battle-front whatever comforts came
-within their humble power. The
-supply trains of the great armies numbered
-thousands of six-mule teams
-and when on the march they would
-stretch out for many miles. It was in
-May, in 1863, that one of these wagon
-trains safely reached Brandy Station,
-Virginia. Its journey had been one
-of imminent danger as both armies
-were in dire need of provisions and
-the capture of a wagon train was as
-good fortune as victory in a skirmish.
-To protect this train from a desperate
-dash of the Confederate cavalry it
-was &quot;parked&quot; on the outskirts of a
-forest that protected it from envious
-eyes and guarded by the Union lines.
-One of Mr. Brady&#39;s cameras took
-this photograph during this critical
-moment. It shows but one division
-of one corps. As there were three
-divisions in each corps, and there
-were many corps in the army, some
-idea of the immense size of the
-trains may be gained by this view.
-The train succeeded in reaching its
-destination at a time of much need.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center">
-<a href="images/i006.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i006t.jpg" width="394" height="296" alt="" />
-</a>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page11" id="page11"></a>[pg&nbsp;11]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">ENDEAVORS to reveal these negatives have been
-futile as far as rank and file of the army
-and the public at large are concerned. The
-Government, as the years passed, became impressed
-with the value of this wonderful record, but has now
-officially stated with positive finality: &quot;It is evident
-that these invaluable
-negatives
-are rapidly
-disappearing
-and in order to
-insure their preservation
-it is
-ordered that
-hereafter negatives
-shall not
-be loaned to
-private parties
-for exploitation
-or to subserve
-private interest
-in any manner.&quot;</p>
-
-<p class="indent">The genius
-Brady, in possession
-of $25,000,
-which,
-came from the
-Government
-too late to save
-his property,
-entirely lost track of his collection. Misfortune seemed
-to follow him and his Government money was soon exhausted.
-In speaking of him a few days ago, John N.
-Stewart, Past Vice Commander of the Department of
-Illinois, Grand Army of the Republic, told me: &quot;I was
-with the Army of the Potomac as telegraph operator. I
-knew that views of battlefields were taken by men with
-a cumbersome outfit as compared with the modern field
-photographer. I have often wondered what became of
-their product. I saw Mr. Brady in Washington, shortly
-before his death, and I made inquiry of him as to the
-whereabouts of his war scenes. I asked him if the negatives
-were still in existence and where proofs could be
-procured. He replied: &#39;<i>I do not know!</i>&#39; The vast collection
-must possess great value and be of remarkable
-historical interest at this late date.&quot;</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i007.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i007t.jpg" width="391" height="164" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center"><small>BRADY ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF GETTYSBURG IN JULY 1863&mdash;The smoke of the terrific conflict had hardly cleared away when Brady&#39;s &quot;What is it&quot; wagon rolled onto
-the bloody &quot;wheat field&quot;&mdash;This picture shows Brady looking toward McPherson&#39;s woods on the left of the Chambersburg Pike at the point near which the Battle of Gettysburg began</small></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">In talking with Mr. Taylor, in his office at the
-State Capitol at Hartford, Connecticut, recently he
-recalled his acquaintance with Brady, and said: &quot;I met
-him frequently. He was a man of artistic appearance
-and of very slight physique. I should judge that he was
-about five feet, six inches tall. He generally wore a
-broad-brimmed hat similar to those worn by the art
-students in Paris. His hair was long and bushy. The
-last time I met him was about twenty-five years after the
-War and he appeared to be a man of about sixty-five
-years of age.
-Despite his financial
-reverses
-he was still true
-to his love for
-art. I told him
-that I owned
-seven thousand
-of his negatives
-and he seemed
-to be pleased.
-He became reminiscent
-and
-among the
-things that he
-told me I especially
-remember
-these
-words: &#39;No
-one will ever
-know what I
-went through
-in securing
-those negatives.
-The
-world can never appreciate it. It changed the whole
-course of my life. By persistence and all the political
-influence that I could control I finally secured permission
-from Stanton, the Secretary of War, to go onto
-the battlefields with my cameras. Some of those negatives
-nearly cost me my life.&#39;&quot; Mr. Brady told Mr. Taylor
-of his difficulty in finding men to operate his cameras.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page12" id="page12"></a>[pg&nbsp;12]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">&quot;PINKERTON&quot; is a name
-associated with the discovery
-of crime the world
-over. It is a word shrouded
-in mystery and through it works
-one of the most subtle forces on the
-face of the earth to-day. Sixty-five
-years ago an unassuming man fled
-from Scotland to America. It was
-charged against him that he was a
-chartist. Eight years later he was in
-Chicago established in the detection
-of crime. While the distant rumbles
-of a Civil War were warning the nation,
-he went to Washington and became
-closely attached to President
-Lincoln. When a plot was organized
-to assassinate Lincoln in his first days
-of the presidency, this strange man
-discovered the murderous compact. It
-was he who, in 1861, hurriedly organized
-the Secret Service of the National
-Army and forestalled conspiracies
-that threatened to overthrow the Republic.
-In speaking of himself he
-once said: &quot;Now that it is all over I
-am tempted to reveal the secret. I
-have had many intimate friends in the
-army and in the government. They
-all know Major E. J. Allen, but many
-of them will never know that their
-friend, Major Allen and Allan Pinkerton,
-are one and the same person.&quot;
-To those who knew Major Allen this
-picture is dedicated. It reveals Allan
-Pinkerton divested of all mystery,
-father of the great system that has
-literally drawn a net around the world
-into which all fugitive wrongdoers
-must eventually fall. Under the
-guise of Major Allen, chief of the Secret
-Service in the Civil War, he was
-passing through the camp at Antietam
-one September day in 1862. He was
-riding his favorite horse and carelessly
-smoking a cigar when one of
-Mr. Brady&#39;s men called to him to halt
-a moment while he took this picture.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center">
-<a href="images/i008.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i008t.jpg" width="391" height="285" alt="" />
-</a>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page13" id="page13"></a>[pg&nbsp;13]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">BRADY said he always made two exposures of the
-same scene, sometimes with a shift of the camera
-which gave a slight change in the same general
-view. He related several interesting incidents of his
-early experiences in photography in America. It is
-generally conceded that Mr. Brady should be recognized as
-one of the great figures of the epoch in which he worked.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">It is here my duty to record an
-unfortunate incident that is not unusual
-in the annals of art and literature.
-Brady&#39;s life, which seems to have been
-burdened with more ill luck than the
-ordinary lot of man, found little relief in
-its venerable years. Misfortune followed
-him to the very threshold of his last hour.
-He died about eight years ago in New
-York, with a few staunch friends,
-but without money, and without public
-recognition for his services to mankind.
-Since Brady&#39;s death some of those who
-knew and esteemed him have been interested
-in making a last endeavor to bring
-his work before the world. Mr. Taylor has
-worked unceasingly to accomplish this
-result. The late Daniel S. Lamont, Secretary
-of War in President Cleveland&#39;s
-Cabinet, was much interested. Brigadier-General
-A. W. Greeley, in supervisory
-charge of the Government collection,
-said: &quot;This collection cost the United
-States originally the sum of $27,840, and
-it is a matter of general regret that these
-invaluable reproductions of scenes and faces connected
-with the late civil conflict should remain inaccessible to
-the general public. The features of most of the permanent
-actors connected with the War for the Union
-have been preserved in these negatives, where also are
-portrayed certain physical aspects of the War that
-are of interest and of historic value ... graphic representations
-of the greatest of American, if not of all, wars.&quot;</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i009.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i009t.jpg" width="393" height="271" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center"><small>SECRET SERVICE GUIDE DIRECTING BRADY TO SCENE OF ACTION&mdash;Pointing toward the edge of the
-woods where General Reynolds was killed at Gettysburg in July, 1863&mdash;Brady carried his cameras onto this field</small></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">The Government, however, has stated positively that
-their negatives must not be exploited for commercial purposes.
-They are the historic treasures of the whole
-people and the Government has justly refused to establish
-a dangerous system of &quot;special privilege&quot; by granting
-permission for publication to individuals. As the property
-of the people the Government negatives are held in
-sacred trust.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Mr. Edward B. Eaton, the first president of the
-Connecticut Magazine, one of the leading historical
-publications in this country, became interested in the historical
-significance of the Brady collection and conferred
-with the War Department at Washington about the Brady
-negatives. He found that the only possible way to bring
-the scenes before the public was through the private collection
-which not only includes practically all of the six
-thousand Government negatives but is supplemented by
-a thousand negatives not in the Government collection.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Mr. Johann Olsen of Hartford, who
-was one of the first operators of the old
-wet-plate process used by Brady, personally
-examined many of the negatives in
-storage in Washington and stated that some
-action should be taken immediately. He
-says: &quot;Many of the negatives are undergoing
-chemical action which will soon
-destroy them. Others are in a remarkable
-state of preservation. I have found
-among them some of the finest specimens
-of photography that this country has ever
-seen. The modern development of the
-art is placed at a disadvantage when compared
-with some of these wonderful negatives.
-I do not believe that General
-Garfield overestimated their value when
-he said they were worth $150,000. I do
-not believe that their value to American
-History can be estimated in dollars. I
-was personally acquainted with one of
-Brady&#39;s men at the time these pictures
-were taken and I know something of
-the tremendous difficulties in securing
-them.&quot; A few months ago Mr. Eaton
-secured a clear title to the seven thousand Brady negatives
-owned by Mr. Taylor with a full understanding
-that he would immediately place the scenes before the
-public. The delicate glass plates were fully protected
-and removed from Washington to Hartford, where they
-are today in storage in a fire-proof vault.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page14" id="page14"></a>[pg&nbsp;14]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THIS is conceded to be the most
-characteristic photograph of
-Lincoln ever taken. It shows
-him on the battle-field, towering
-head and shoulders above his
-army officers. It is said that Lincoln
-once sent for this photograph and
-after looking at it for several minutes
-he remarked that it was the best full-length
-picture that the camera had
-ever &quot;perpetrated.&quot; The original
-negative is in a good state of preservation.
-The greater significance of
-this picture, however, is the incident
-which it perpetuates. There had been
-unfortunate differences between the
-government and the Army of the
-Potomac. The future of the Union
-cause looked dark. A critical state
-of the disorder had been reached; collapse
-seemed imminent. On the first
-day of October, in 1862, President
-Lincoln went to the headquarters of
-the Army of the Potomac and traversed
-the scenes of action, walking
-over the battlefields of South Mountain,
-Crampton&#39;s Gap, and Antietam
-with General McClellan. As Lincoln
-was bidding good-bye to McClellan
-and a group of officers at Antietam
-on October 4, 1862, this photograph
-was taken. Two days later
-Lincoln ordered McClellan to cross
-the Potomac and give battle to the
-enemy. Misunderstandings followed,
-and on the fifth of November, President
-Lincoln, with his own hand,
-wrote the historic order that deposed
-the beloved commander of the
-Potomac, and started controversies
-which are still renewed and vigorously
-argued by army officers and
-historians. It is one of the sad incidents
-of the passing of a hero, who
-had endeared himself to his men as
-have few generals in the annals of war.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center">
-<a href="images/i010.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i010t.jpg" width="392" height="281" alt="" />
-</a>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page15" id="page15"></a>[pg&nbsp;15]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">MODERN photographers have experienced some
-difficulty in securing proofs from the collodion
-negatives, due both to the years that the negatives
-have been neglected and their inexperience with
-the peculiar wet-plate process. Mr. Olsen is still working
-over them and has succeeded in stopping the
-chemical action that threatened to destroy many of them.
-Six thousand of the negatives are pronounced to be in as
-good condition today as on the day they were taken,
-nearly a half-century ago. Accompanying the collection
-is found an occasional negative that seems to
-have been made by Alexander Gardner or
-Samuel Cooley. Gardner was one of the photographers
-employed by Brady, but he later left
-him and entered into competition. Cooley
-was an early photographer who conceived a
-plan similar to Brady&#39;s, but operated on a very
-limited scale. Most of his negatives were
-taken in South Carolina.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">From this remarkable collection, witnessing
-the darkest days on the American continent
-and the first days of modern American
-photography, the prints are selected for these
-pages and are here dedicated to the American
-People. Until recent years there has been
-no mechanical process by which these negatives
-could be reproduced for general observation.
-The negatives are here accurately
-presented from the originals, by the modern half-tone process
-with only the slightest retouching where chemical
-action has made it absolutely necessary.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">In selecting these prints it has been the desire of the
-editor to present, as nearly as possible, a chronological
-pictorial record of the Civil War in the United States.
-At strategic points where the large cameras could not be
-drawn into the conflict, Brady used a smaller and lighter
-camera that allowed him to get very close to the field of
-action. Many of the most critical moments in the long
-siege are embodied in these small negatives. They link
-the larger pictures into one strong chain of indisputable
-evidence. It would require forty volumes to present the
-entire collection. This book can be but a kaleidoscopic
-vision of the great conflict. Thousands of remarkable
-scenes must for the present, at least remain unveiled.
-That the public may know just what these negatives conceal,
-a partial record has been compiled in the closing
-pages of this volume.</p>
-
-<div class="bbox">
-<p class="indent">It has been estimated that since the beginning of authentic history war has destroyed
-fifteen billions of human lives. I have seen the estimate put at twice that number. The
-estimated loss of life by war in the past century is fourteen millions. Napoleon&#39;s campaigns
-of twenty years cost Europe six millions of lives.</p>
-
-<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" width="100%" summary="casualties">
-<tr>
-<td class="tdl">The Crimean War</td>
-<td class="tdc">1854</td>
-<td class="tdr">750,000</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdl">The Italian War</td>
-<td class="tdc">1859</td>
-<td class="tdr">63,000</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdl">Our Civil War, North and South</td>
-<td class="tdc">(killed and died in other ways)</td>
-<td class="tdr">1,000,000</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdl">The Prussian-Austrian War</td>
-<td class="tdc">1866</td>
-<td class="tdr">45,000</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdl">The expeditions to Mexico, China, Morocco, etc</td>
-<td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
-<td class="tdr">65,000</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdl">The Franco-German War</td>
-<td class="tdc">1870</td>
-<td class="tdr">250,000</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdl">The Russo-Turkish War</td>
-<td class="tdc">1877</td>
-<td class="tdr">225,000</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdl">The Zulu and Afghan Wars</td>
-<td class="tdc">1879</td>
-<td class="tdr">40,000</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdl">The Chinese-Japanese War</td>
-<td class="tdc">1894</td>
-<td class="tdr">10,000</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdl">The Spanish-American War</td>
-<td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
-<td class="tdr">5,000</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdl">The Philippine War</td>
-<td class="tdc">1899</td>
-<td class="tdr">{ Americans 5,000<br />{ Filipinos 1,000,000</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdl">The Boer War</td>
-<td class="tdc">(killed and wounded)</td>
-<td class="tdr">{ Boers 25,000<br />{ British 100,000</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-<td class="tdl">The Russo-Japanese War</td>
-<td class="tdc">&nbsp;</td>
-<td class="tdr">450,500</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class="indent">These are probably all under the actual facts.</p>
-
-<p class="author"><span class="smcap">Benjamin F. Trueblood</span>,<br />
-Secretary American Peace Society.</p>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">The drama here revealed by the lens is one of intense
-realism. In it one can almost hear the beat of the drum
-and the call of the bugle. It throbs with all the passions
-known to humanity. It brings one face to face with the
-madness of battle, the thrill of victory, the broken heart
-of defeat. There is in it the loyalty of comradeship, the
-tenderness of brotherhood, the pathos of the soldier&#39;s last
-hour; the willingness to sacrifice, the fidelity to principle,
-the love of country.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Far be it from the power of these old negatives to
-bring back the memory of forgotten dissensions or long-gone
-contentions. Whatever may have been the differences
-that threw a million of America&#39;s strongest manhood
-into bloody combat, each one offered his life for what he
-believed to be <i>the right</i>. The American People today are
-more strongly united then ever before&mdash;North, South,
-East and West, all are working for the moral, the intellectual,
-the industrial and political upbuilding of Our
-Beloved Land.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">The path of Progress has been blazed by fire. Strong
-men with strong purposes have thrown their lives on the
-altar of civilization that their children and their
-children&#39;s children might live and work in the
-light of a new epoch that found its birth in the
-agonizing throes of human sacrifice. From the
-beginning of all ages the soldier has been, and
-always must be, a <i>mighty man</i>.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">He who will step deliberately into the
-demon&#39;s jaws to defend a principle or to save
-his country must be among the greatest of men.
-His is the heroic heart to whom the world must
-look for the dawn of the Age of Universal
-Peace. It is his courageous arm that must
-force the world to halt. The citizenship of the
-future must be moulded and dominated by the
-men with the willingness to sacrifice for the
-sake of Justice and such men are soldiers,
-whether it be in War or Peace.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">There is a longing in the hearts of men, and
-especially those who have felt the ravages of battle,
-for the day when there shall be no more War; when Force
-will be dethroned and Reason will rule triumphant. The
-Great Washington, who led the conflict for our National
-Independence, longed for the epoch of Peace. &quot;My first
-wish,&quot; he exclaimed, &quot;is to see this plague to mankind
-banished from the earth.&quot;</p>
-
-<p class="indent">The mission of these pages is one of Peace&mdash;that
-all may look upon the horrors of War and pledge their
-manhood to &quot;Peace on Earth, Good Will toward Men!&quot;</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page16" id="page16"></a>[pg&nbsp;16]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">&quot;WAR is hell!&quot; The daring
-Sherman&#39;s familiar
-truth is here witnessed
-with all its horrors.
-War <i>is hell</i>, and <i>this is war</i>! If it
-were not for the service that this negative
-should do for the great cause of
-the world&#39;s Peace, this picture, which
-has lain in a vault in Washington for
-an epoch, would never be exposed to
-public view. Its very gruesomeness
-is a plea to men to lay down arms.
-Its ghastliness is an admonition to the
-coming generations. It is a silent
-prayer for universal brotherhood.
-The negative was taken after the
-third day&#39;s battle at Gettysburg. The
-din of the batteries had died away.
-The clash of arms had ceased. The
-tumult of men was hushed. The
-clouds of smoke had lifted and the
-morning sun engraved on the glass
-plate this mute witness of the tragedy
-that had made history. It was the
-nation&#39;s holiday&mdash;the Fourth of July
-in 1863. The camera was taken into
-the wheat-field near the extreme left
-of the Union line. The heroes had
-been dead about nineteen hours. It
-will be observed that their bodies are
-already much bloated by exposure to
-the sun. These men were killed on
-July 3, 1863, by one discharge of
-&quot;canister&quot; from a Confederate cannon
-which they were attempting to capture.
-Tin cans were filled with small
-balls about the size of marbles and
-when the cannon was fired the force
-of the discharge burst open the can,
-and the shower of canister balls swept
-everything before it. When this photograph
-was taken a detail had
-already passed over the field, and
-gathered the guns and accoutrements
-of the dead and wounded. Shoes,
-cartridge belts and canteens have
-been removed from these dead heroes
-as it was frequently necessary to appropriate
-them to relieve the needs of
-the living soldiers. From diamond at
-extreme right of picture these men
-are identified as belonging to the
-second division of third army corps.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center">
-<a href="images/i011.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i011t.jpg" width="400" height="326" alt="" />
-</a>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page17" id="page17"></a>[pg&nbsp;17]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">IN the conflicts within the lifetime of men now
-living, more than three billions of dollars sterling
-have been thrown into the cannon&#39;s mouth, and
-nearly five millions of human lives have fallen martyrs to
-the battlefield. In the United States of America, a
-government founded on the Brotherhood of Man, the
-greatest expenditure since the beginning of the Republic
-has been for bloodshed, over six billions for War,
-nearly two billions for navy, and about three and one-half
-billions for pensions&mdash;more than eleven billions out
-of a total of something over nineteen billions of dollars.
-In the last half century the population of the world has
-doubled; its indebtedness, chiefly for war purposes, has
-quadrupled. It was but eight billions fifty years ago;
-it is thirty-two billions today.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">America has never been a war-seeking nation. Its one
-desire has been to &quot;live and let live.&quot; When once
-aroused, however, it is the greatest fighting force on the
-face of the globe. It is in this peace-loving land that
-civilization witnessed the most terrible and heart-rending
-struggle that ever befell men of the same blood. &quot;Men
-speaking the same language, living for eighty-four years
-under the same flag, stood as enemies in deadly combat.
-Brother fighting against brother; father against son;
-mothers praying for their boys&mdash;one in the uniform of
-blue, and the other wearing the gray; and churches of the
-same faith appealing to God, each for the other&#39;s overthrow.&quot;</p>
-
-<p class="indent">There were 2,841,906 men and boys sworn into the
-defence of their country during the Civil War in the
-United States. The extreme youth of these patriots is
-one of the most remarkable records in the annals of the
-world&#39;s warfare. The average age of the soldier in the
-army and navy was about nineteen years. Some of
-them followed the marching armies on the impulse of the
-moment; most of them were enlisted with the consent of
-their parents or guardians. Thousands of them never
-returned home; thousands more came back to the pursuits
-of Peace and have contributed for nearly a half
-century to the Good Citizenship of the Republic. Today
-they are gray-haired patriarchs. One by one they
-are stepping from the ranks to answer the call to the
-Greater Army from which no soldier has ever returned.
-This record has been compiled for this volume from an
-authoritative source. The men who re-enlisted are
-counted twice as there is no practical way to estimate
-the number of individual persons:</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i4">682,117 were over 21 years of age;</span>
-<span class="i4">1,159,789 were 21 years old and under;</span>
-<span class="i4">1,151,438 were 18 years old and under;</span>
-<span class="i4">844,891 were 17 years old and under;</span>
-<span class="i4">231,051 were 16 years old and under;</span>
-<span class="i4">104,987 were 15 years old and under;</span>
-<span class="i4">1,523 were 14 years old and under;</span>
-<span class="i4">300 were 13 years old and under;</span>
-<span class="i4">278 were 12 years old and under.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">When the Great Struggle began, the United States
-was the home of less than thirty-two millions of people.
-Today it has passed eighty millions and the peoples
-from all the nations of the earth are flooding into our
-open gates to the extent of more than a million a year.
-A new community of more than three thousand inhabitants
-could be founded every day from the men,
-women and children who disembark from the sea of ships
-charted to the American shores. There are among us
-today more than forty-eight millions who have been born
-here or immigrated into this country since the beginning of
-the Civil War. These people have no personal knowledge
-of it and their information is gathered from the narrations
-of others. These Brady negatives will come as
-a revelation to them and give a truer understanding
-of the meaning of it all. The good service they may
-do for the nation in this one respect cannot be overestimated.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">With thirty-two millions of people aroused by an overpowering
-impulse that dared them to follow the dictates
-of conscience by pledging their loyalty to the states
-they loved&mdash;whether it be under Southern suns or
-Northern snows&mdash;it is almost beyond comprehension
-that Brady came out of the chaos with even one photographic
-record. While his extensive operations could not
-begin until system and organization were accomplished, he
-did secure many negatives in 1861.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Hardly had the news of the first gun passed around
-the globe when a half million men were offering their
-services to their country. Loyal Massachusetts was
-the first to march her strong and willing sons to the protection
-of the Government. The shrill notes of the fife
-sounded throughout the land and battle-scarred old
-Europe beheld in amazement the marshalling of great
-armies from a nation of volunteer patriots wholly inexperienced
-in military discipline&mdash;a miracle in the eyes of
-older civilization that had been drenched in the blood of
-centuries.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">It was the simultaneous uprising of a Great People.
-The first shot from South Carolina transformed Virginia,
-the beloved mother of presidents, into a battleground.
-The streets of Baltimore became a scene of riot. The
-guns of the navy boomed on the North Carolina coast.
-The men of the West moved on through Missouri, blazing
-their way with shot and shell. Through Kentucky
-and Tennessee the reign of fire swept on until it re-echoed
-from Florida on the gulf to the wilderness of New Mexico
-and the borderline of Texas.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">The American Republic was in the clutches of terrific
-conflict and in the first twelve months nearly a million
-and a quarter of its manhood was fighting for the National
-Flag. There was no turning from the struggle. It must
-be waged to its deadliest end. From this moment, for four
-dreadful years, fighting was taking place somewhere along
-the line every day and more than seven thousand battles
-and skirmishes were fought on land and sea.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Nearly three-fourths of the men who stood in the Union
-ranks in the Civil War were native-born Americans. The
-others were the best and bravest blood of fellow-nations.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page18" id="page18"></a>[pg&nbsp;18]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i012.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i012t.jpg" width="391" height="184" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT FORT SUMTER IN 1861</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">&quot;THEY have fired on Fort Sumter!&quot;
-These are the words that rang across
-the continent on the morning of the
-twelfth of April, in 1861, and the
-echo was heard around the world. The shot that
-began one of the fiercest conflicts that civilization
-has ever seen was fired just before sunrise at
-four in the morning. Special editions of newspapers
-heralded the tidings through the land.
-Thousands of excited men crowded the streets.
-Trade was suspended. Night and day the people
-thronged the thoroughfares, eager to hear the
-latest word from the scene of action. Friday
-and Saturday were the most anxious days that
-the American people have ever experienced.
-When the news came on Sunday morning that
-Major Robert Anderson had evacuated the fort
-with flags flying and drums beating &quot;Yankee
-Doodle,&quot; the North was electrified with patriotism.
-The stars and stripes were thrown to the
-breeze from spires of churches, windows of residences,
-railway stations and public buildings.
-The fife and drum were heard in the streets.
-Recruiting offices were opened on public squares.
-Men left their business and stepped into the
-ranks. A few days later, when the brave defenders
-of Fort Sumter reached New York, the
-air was alive with floating banners. Flowers,
-fruits and delicacies were showered upon the
-one hundred and twenty-nine courageous men
-who had so gallantly withstood the onslaught of
-six thousand. Crowds seized the heroes and carried
-them through the streets on their shoulders.
-The South was mad with victory. It was believed
-that its independence had been already gained.
-Several days after the bombardment this picture
-was secured of the historic fort in South Carolina,
-about which centered the beginning of a
-great war. It was taken in four sections and
-this is a panoramic view of them all. The photograph
-did not fall into the possession of the
-Government, but was held for many years by a
-Confederate naval officer, Daniel Ellis, commander
-of the twenty-gun ram &quot;Chicora&quot; and at
-one time in command of Fort Sumter. It is
-now in possession of James W. Eldridge of Hartford.
-It corrects the erroneous impression that
-the fort was demolished in 1861. It stood the
-bombardment with but slight damage, other than
-a few holes knocked in the masonry as this picture
-testifies. In saluting the American flag before
-the evacuation on April 15, Private Daniel
-Hough was killed and three men wounded by the
-premature explosion of one of their own guns.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page19" id="page19"></a>[pg&nbsp;19]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">&quot;JOHN BROWN&#39;S body lies
-a-mouldering in the grave;
-his soul is marching on!&quot;
-In every public meeting,
-through village and town, along the
-lines of recruits marching to the
-front, around the army campfires, this
-song became the battle-cry. It had
-been but three years since John
-Brown, with seventeen whites and
-five negroes, seized the United States
-Arsenal at Harper&#39;s Ferry, Virginia,
-and began the freeing of slaves. It
-required eighteen hours and 1,500
-militia and marines to subdue the
-ardent abolitionist. He took refuge
-in the armory engine house. The
-doors were battered down. Eight
-of the insurgents were killed. Brown,
-with three whites and a half dozen negroes,
-was captured and hanged. The
-Confederates planned its capture, but
-upon their approach on the eighteenth
-of April, in 1861, three days
-after the firing on Fort Sumter, they
-found only the burning arsenal. They
-held the coveted position with 6,500
-men, but fearing the attack of 20,000
-Unionists, deserted it. It was held
-by the Union troops until 1862, when,
-on the fifteenth of September, Stonewall
-Jackson bombarded the town
-and forced its surrender. The Union
-loss was 80 killed, 120 wounded,
-11,583 captured. The Confederate
-loss was 500. In this engagement
-were the brave boys of the 12th New
-York State Militia; 39th, 111th, 115th,
-125th and 126th New York; 32nd,
-60th and 87th Ohio; 9th Vermont;
-65th Illinois; 1st and 3rd Maryland
-&quot;Home Brigade;&quot; 15th Indiana Volunteers;
-Phillips&#39; Battery; 5th New
-York; Graham&#39;s, Pott&#39;s and Rigby&#39;s
-Batteries; 8th New York; 12th Illinois,
-and 1st Maryland Cavalry. It
-was during these days that the Army
-of the Potomac engaged the Confederate
-forces in bloody conflict at
-Turner&#39;s and Crampton&#39;s Gap, South
-Mountain, Maryland, leaving Harper&#39;s
-Ferry again in the hands of the Union.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i013.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i013t.jpg" width="400" height="298" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT HARPER&#39;S FERRY</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page20" id="page20"></a>[pg&nbsp;20]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THERE is not a fleet on the seas
-that can withstand a modern
-battery if kept under fire by
-proper obstructions. Modern
-sea-coast artillery can destroy a vessel
-at a single shot. The watchdog that
-guarded the waterway to the National
-Capital in the Civil War was
-Fortress Monroe. The old stone
-fort, partially protected by masses of
-earth that sheltered it from the view
-and fire of the assailant, challenged
-the ugliest iron-clads to pass through
-Hampton Roads. Fortress Monroe
-early became the base of operations
-and under its protection volunteer
-regiments were mobilized. When the
-2nd New York Volunteers reached
-the fort, about six weeks after the
-firing on Fort Sumter, the 4th Massachusetts
-Volunteers had come to the
-assistance of the regular garrison of
-four companies of artillery on duty
-day and night over their guns. Something
-of the conditions may be understood
-by the statement of an officer
-who says that his men had to appear
-on parade with blankets wrapped
-about them to conceal a lack of proper
-garments, and sometimes stood sentinel
-with naked feet and almost naked
-bodies. The volunteers arrived
-faster than provisions could be furnished
-and there was a scarcity of
-food. So great was the difficulty in
-procuring small arms that some of the
-soldiers were not really fitted for war
-during the year of 1861. The Government
-operations were centered
-around Fortress Monroe and President
-Lincoln personally visited the
-headquarters to ascertain the actual
-conditions. Brady was admitted behind
-the parapets with his camera and
-secured this photograph of one of the
-heaviest guns in the great fortification.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i014.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i014t.jpg" width="400" height="265" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT FORTRESS MONROE</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page21" id="page21"></a>[pg&nbsp;21]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center">
-<a href="images/i015.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i015t.jpg" width="400" height="263" alt="" />
-</a>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">TO feed the millions of fighting men in both armies during the years 1861 to 1865,
-was an enigma equalled only by the problem of ammunition. After the diets of hardtack
-on the long marches there is no memory dearer to the heart of the old veteran
-than a good, old-fashioned &quot;square meal&quot; from the log-cabin kitchen in the camp.
-This is a typical scene of one of these winter camps. They were substantially built of logs,
-chinked in with mud and provided on one end with a generous mud chimney and fireplace.
-The most &quot;palatial&quot; afforded a door and a window. Roaring fires burned on the hearths.
-With the arrival of the soldiers, knapsacks and traps were unpacked. The canteen was hung
-on its proper peg. The musket found its place on the wall. The old frying pan and tin cup
-were hung near the fire. There was to be a real &quot;old home feast.&quot; The soldiers crowded
-around the sutler&#39;s tent dickering over canned goods and other luxuries which cost perhaps a
-half-month&#39;s pay. The log settlement was all astir. Smoke issued from the mud chimneys.
-Crackling fires and savory odors lightened the hearts of the warriors and the community of
-huts rang with jovialty, laughter and song. Stories of the conflict were told as the soldiers
-revelled over the hot and hearty meal and not until the late hours did the tired comrades
-wrap themselves in their blankets and fall onto their beds of pine needles or hard board bunks.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">THE charge of the cavalry is an intense moment on the battlefield. At the time of the
-Civil War nothing was known of the snap-shot process in photography and Brady
-tried frequently throughout the four years to secure negatives of the cavalry. It
-seems to have been an impossibility under the long &quot;time exposure process.&quot; He did,
-however, succeed in securing negatives of horses. Frequent opportunity to try to secure a
-photograph of the cavalry, is proven by the fact that there were 3,266 troops, or more than
-272 regiments, in defense of the Government. This picture is found in Brady&#39;s collection
-and shows the cavalry depot at Giesboro Point, Maryland, just outside of Washington. At
-the beginning of the war the mounted men were used as scouts, orderlies, and in outpost duty.
-General &quot;Joe&quot; Hooker finally turned a multitude of detachments into a compact army corps
-of 12,000 horsemen. The gallant horseman, &quot;Phil&quot; Sheridan, under instructions from General
-Grant, organized three divisions of 5,000 mounted men, each armed with repeating carbines
-and sabers. It was with this force that Sheridan met the Confederate cavalry at Yellow
-Tavern, near Richmond, and demonstrated the importance of mounted troops by great military
-powers. One of the most magnificent scenes in the war was when 10,000 horsemen moved out
-on the Telegraph Road leading from Fredericksburg to Richmond, and the column, as it stood in
-&quot;fours,&quot; well closed up, was thirteen miles long and required four hours to pass a given point.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center">
-<a href="images/i016.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i016t.jpg" width="400" height="252" alt="" />
-</a>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page22" id="page22"></a>[pg&nbsp;22]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">&quot;CAPTURE the National
-Capital, throw the city
-into confusion and terror
-by conflagration, seize the
-President and his Cabinet, and secure
-control of the Government.&quot; This
-was the first cry of the Confederacy.
-Thousands of volunteers were moving
-toward the city in answer to the
-call for men to save the Nation. Orders
-were issued to hold back the enemy
-from crossing the bridges that
-entered Washington. Two batteries
-were thrown up at the east end of the
-Upper, or Chain Bridge, and a heavy
-two-leaved gate covered with iron
-plates pierced for musketry, was constructed
-at the center of the bridge.
-Blockhouses at Arlington Heights
-and the battery at Georgetown
-Heights, guarded the Aqueduct
-Bridge. The largest approach to
-Washington was the famous Long
-Bridge, a mile in length, and connecting
-the National Capital with
-Alexandria, Virginia, the gateway to
-the Confederacy. Three earthen forts
-commanded its entrance. All soldiers
-of the Army of the Potomac remember
-Long Bridge. It was over
-this structure that a hundred thousand
-men passed in defense of their
-country, many of them never to recross
-it. This was one of the strategic
-points in the first days of the war
-and consequently one of the first pictures
-taken by Brady, with its sentinel
-on duty and the sergeant of the
-guard ready to examine the pass. No
-man ever crossed Long Bridge without
-this written oath: &quot;It is understood
-that the within named and subscriber
-accepts this pass on his word
-of honor that he is and will be ever
-loyal to the United States; and if
-hereafter found in arms against the
-Union, or in any way aiding her
-enemies, the penalty will be death.&quot;</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i017.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i017t.jpg" width="400" height="295" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT LONG BRIDGE ENTRANCE TO WASHINGTON</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page23" id="page23"></a>[pg&nbsp;23]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THERE is nothing impossible to
-any army in time of war.
-Bridges are thrown across
-rivers in a night; roads are
-constructed as the line advances; telegraph
-wires are uncoiled in the wake
-of the moving regiments. To protect
-from a delay that might mean defeat,
-the army frequently carried its own
-&quot;bridges&quot; with it. These army or
-pontoon bridges consisted of boats
-over which planks were thrown to
-span the waterways. This view shows
-two of the boat&#39;s wheels ready for the
-march. Each pontoon wagon is
-drawn by six mules. These pontoons
-were always getting stuck in
-the mud, and the soldiers, struggling
-along under their own burdens, were
-obliged to haul on the drag ropes, and
-raise the blockade. Probably no soldier
-will see this picture without being
-reminded of the time when he
-helped to pull these pontoons out of
-the mud, and comforted himself by
-<i>shouting at the mules</i>. A view is also
-shown of a pontoon bridge across the
-James River ready for the approach
-of the army. It was often necessary
-to establish an immediate telegraph
-service between different points in the
-lines. This photograph shows one of
-the characteristic field telegraph stations.
-An old piece of canvas
-stretched over some rails forms the
-telegrapher&#39;s office, and a &quot;hardtack&quot;
-box is his telegraph table; but
-from such a rude station messages
-were often sent which involved the
-lives of hundreds and thousands of
-soldiers. The building of corduroy
-roads to allow ammunition and provision
-trains to pass on their journeys
-was of utmost importance. An hour&#39;s
-delay might throw them into the
-hands of the enemy. Many disasters
-were averted by the ingenuity
-of the engineers&#39; corps.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i018.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i018t.jpg" width="383" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PONTOON BOATS ON WHEELS</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i019.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i019t.jpg" width="400" height="313" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BUILDING A CORDUROY ROAD</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i020.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i020t.jpg" width="383" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">FIELD TELEGRAPH STATION IN OPERATION</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i021.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i021t.jpg" width="400" height="318" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PONTOON BRIDGE ACROSS JAMES RIVER</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page24" id="page24"></a>[pg&nbsp;24]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">&quot;IF any one attempts to haul
-down the American flag,
-shoot him on the spot!&quot;
-The order rang from town
-to town. Old Glory waved in the
-breeze defiantly. &quot;The flag of the
-Confederacy will be hoisted over
-Washington within sixty days,&quot; came
-the retort from the far South. &quot;Only
-over our dead bodies,&quot; replied the
-men of the North. The National
-Government discovered that a conspiracy
-had been in operation to denude
-its armories and weaken its defenses.
-Political influences had secretly
-disarmed the incoming administration,
-scattering the regular army
-in helpless and hopeless positions far
-from the seat of the Government and
-beyond its call in an emergency.
-Northern forts had been dismantled
-and the munitions from Northern
-arsenals had been dispatched to
-Southern vantage grounds to be used
-in case of necessity. The treasury
-had been depleted and the Government
-was on the verge of bankruptcy.
-Eleven of the historic old states of the
-Union had withdrawn and formed a
-new republic, the &quot;Confederate States
-of America.&quot; These were the conditions
-that confronted Lincoln in his
-first days of the Presidency. Plots
-were rampant to take his life. His
-steps were shadowed by Secret Service
-detectives to safeguard him
-against assassins, and he was practically
-held a prisoner in the White
-House. In further protection the defenses
-around the city were strengthened.
-From every hillside grim guns
-turned their deep mouths into the valleys
-until a chain of fortifications
-made the city impregnable. Brady
-secured permission to take his cameras
-into these fortifications. This is
-the best negative which he secured.
-It is taken behind the breastworks
-at Fort Lincoln, near Washington.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i022.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i022t.jpg" width="400" height="293" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT FORT LINCOLN</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page25" id="page25"></a>[pg&nbsp;25]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THE first serious collision of the
-two great armies of divided
-Americans took place at Bull
-Run, in Virginia, on the
-twenty-first of July, in 1861. The
-Government had confined its operations
-almost wholly to the protection
-of Washington, and the public demand
-for more aggressive action was
-loud and alarming. The Confederate
-pickets had become so confident that
-they advanced within sight of the National
-Capital. Accusations were
-strong against the seeming desire of
-the Government to evade the enemy.
-Charges of deliberate delay and cowardice
-came from the North. &quot;On
-to Richmond,&quot; the stronghold of the
-Confederacy, was the demand. So
-great became the public clamor that,
-despite the judgment of military
-authorities, 29,000 Federals under
-McDowell advanced against the
-32,000 Confederates under Beauregard,
-driving them back only to be
-repulsed, after one of the hardest
-and strangest combats that military
-history has ever recorded. The Union
-ranks were so demoralized that they
-retreated without orders and straggled
-back to Washington, although a
-strong stand might have turned the
-tide of battle. The Union loss was 481
-killed; 2,471 wounded and missing,
-besides 27 cannon and 4,000 muskets.
-The Confederate loss was 378 killed;
-1,489 wounded and missing. Brady&#39;s
-cameras were soon on the field. He
-did not reach it in time, however, to
-secure pictures of the fighting armies.
-One of his negatives shows the historic
-stream of Bull Run along which
-the battle occurred. Another negative
-shows the field over which the hardest
-fighting took place. A third negative
-is that of Sudley Church, which was
-the main hospital after the conflict.
-It was here that, after a long detour,
-the Union forces found a vulnerable
-point and crossed to meet the enemy.
-Brady also secured a negative of Fairfax
-Court House, one of the outposts
-of the Confederacy, in this campaign.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i023.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i023t.jpg" width="400" height="314" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">FAIRFAX COURT HOUSE IN 1861</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i024.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i024t.jpg" width="400" height="317" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">STREAM OF BULL RUN IN 1861</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i025.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i025t.jpg" width="400" height="329" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">SUDLEY&#39;S CHURCH AND FORD AT BULL RUN</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i026.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i026t.jpg" width="400" height="351" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BATTLEFIELD OF BULL RUN IN 1861</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page26" id="page26"></a>[pg&nbsp;26]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THE man behind the gun risks
-his life on his faith in the ammunition
-train to keep him
-supplied with powder and
-shell. An old warrior estimates that
-an army of 60,000 men, comprising a
-fair average of infantry, cavalry, artillery
-and engineers must be provided
-with no less than 18,000,000 ball cartridges
-for small arms, rifles, muskets,
-carbines and pistols for six months&#39;
-operation. In the field an infantry
-soldier usually carries about sixty
-rounds. The lives of the men depend
-upon the promptness of the ammunition
-trains. To supply these 60,000
-men requires one thousand ammunition
-wagons and 3,600 horses. The
-wagon constructed for this service
-will carry 20,000 rounds of small-arm
-munition. The cartridges are packed
-in boxes and the wagon is generally
-drawn by four to six horses or mules.
-Several wagons are organized into an
-&quot;equipment,&quot; moving under the
-charge of an artillery, and there are
-several such &quot;equipments&quot; for an
-army of this magnitude, one for each
-division of infantry, a small portion
-for the cavalry, and the rest in reserve.
-Early in the Civil War a
-chemist suggested to General McClellan
-that he could throw shells from a
-mortar that would discharge streams
-of fire &quot;most fearfully in all directions.&quot;
-McClellan replied: &quot;Such
-means of destruction are hardly within
-the category of civilized warfare.
-I could not recommend their employment
-until we have exhausted the
-ordinary means of warfare.&quot; The
-Government preferred to depend
-largely upon these silent, ghost-like
-wagons, with their deadly loads of
-millions of cartridges, pressing toward
-the battle lines throughout the conflict.
-This picture shows an ammunition
-train of the Third Division Cavalry
-Corps in motion with the
-army encamped on the distant hills.
-It is one of Brady&#39;s best negatives.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i027.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i027t.jpg" width="400" height="309" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS AMMUNITION TRAINS WERE MOVING</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page27" id="page27"></a>[pg&nbsp;27]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">SLAVE pens were common institutions
-in the days of negro
-bondage in America. The
-system had developed from
-the early days of colonization and was
-for many generations a legitimate
-occupation throughout the country.
-So many rumors, false and true, were
-told of the &quot;pens&quot; that Brady schemed
-to secure photographs of some of
-them. Early in 1861 he succeeded
-in gaining entrance to one of the typical
-institutions in Alexandria, Virginia.
-The results are here shown.
-The cell rooms with their iron-barred
-doors and small cage windows relate
-their own story. While they were
-installed by the larger slave traders
-they were wholly unknown on most
-of the old Southern plantations. A
-picture is also here shown of the exterior
-of the &quot;slave pen&quot; kept at Alexandria
-with the inscription over the
-door, &quot;Price, Birch &amp; Co., Dealers in
-Slaves.&quot; This shows the proportions
-to which the system had grown
-in the greatest republic in the world.
-Enormous fortunes were being accumulated
-by some dealers who had
-thrown aside sentiment and humanity
-and were herding black men for
-the market. With the outbreak of
-the war many of the slaves sought
-the protection of the Union Army,
-while others, who had kind masters,
-were willing to remain on the plantations.
-Mr. Brady secured several
-photographs of these typical slave
-groups. The one here shown is a
-party of &quot;contrabands&quot; that had fled
-to the Union lines. Another familiar
-scene in 1861 was the pilgrimage
-of poor whites to the Union ranks.
-When the troops passed through
-many of the mountain villages, these
-frightened white sympathizers would
-hastily gather their scanty belongings,
-pile them onto an old wagon, desert
-their homes and follow the
-army, to be passed on from line to
-line until they reached the North.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i028.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i028t.jpg" width="392" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">IRON-BARRED CELLS IN AN OLD SLAVE PEN</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i029.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i029t.jpg" width="400" height="293" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">SLAVE DEALERS&#39; HEADQUARTERS IN ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i030.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i030.jpg" width="392" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">REFUGEES LEAVING THE OLD HOMESTEAD</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i031.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i031t.jpg" width="400" height="297" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">CONTRABANDS IN WAKE OF THE UNION ARMY</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page28" id="page28"></a>[pg&nbsp;28]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">ONE of the greatest secret
-forces in the Civil War was
-the electric telegraph. Wires
-were uncoiled as the army
-moved on its march toward the enemy
-and over them passed the hurried
-words that frequently saved hundreds
-and thousands of lives. While England
-was the first to experiment with
-the new science on the battlefield, the
-war in America demonstrated its permanent
-importance in the maneuvers
-of armies. Brady was much interested
-in the development of telegraphy
-as a factor in war and never
-missed any opportunity to take a photograph
-of the field telegraph corps
-as they passed him on marches. This
-picture shows one of the construction
-corps in operation. The wires were
-laid as each column advanced, keeping
-the General in command fully informed
-of every movement and enabling
-him to communicate from his
-headquarters in the rear of the army
-with his officers in charge of the
-wings. The military construction
-corps laid and took up these wires as
-fast as an infantry regiment marches.
-An instant&#39;s intelligence may cause a
-charge, a flank or a retreat. By connecting
-with the semi-permanent lines
-strung through woods and fields, into
-which the enemy would have little
-reason to venture unless aroused by
-suspicion, the commander on the field
-is kept informed of the transportation
-of troops and supplies and the
-approach of reinforcements. It was
-also the duty of the military construction
-corps to seize all wires discovered
-by them and to utilize them for
-their own army or tear them down.
-Constant watch is kept for these
-secret lines. Great care must also
-be taken that false messages do not
-pass over them. Their destruction
-is generally left to the cavalry.
-The heavy construction wagons, carrying
-many miles of telegraph wire
-in coils, were drawn by four horses.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i032.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i032t.jpg" width="400" height="300" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS MILITARY TELEGRAPH WAS BEING STRUNG</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page29" id="page29"></a>[pg&nbsp;29]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i033.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i033t.jpg" width="400" height="317" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS FIELD TELEGRAPH WAGON WAS SENDING MESSAGE</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">TELEGRAPH stations in wagons
-were not uncommon
-sights to the soldiers between
-the years of 1861 to 1865.
-Great responsibility rested upon the
-operators who halted alongside the
-road to send a message back to headquarters
-that might change the whole
-course of events and defeat into victory.
-The operators in the Civil War
-stood by their posts like sentinels.
-The confidential communications of
-commanders and the movements of
-the morrow were intrusted with them,
-but not in a single instance is one
-known to have proven false to that
-trust. It was part of the duty of the
-telegraph service to take messages
-from the scouts sent out to ascertain
-the resources of the country, the advantages
-of certain routes, and the
-general lay of the land. Every click
-of the instrument transmitted secrets
-upon which might depend the rise or
-fall of the nation. These field telegraph
-wagons, drawn by horses, carried
-the instruments and batteries
-which had but recently been invented
-by an American scientist, and by
-which an electric spark shot messages
-through wire in the fraction of a second&#39;s
-time. The War of 1861 proved
-for all time the advantages of this
-new science. It left the signal corps
-to attend to only short-range communications
-and lightened the duties of
-mounted orderlies, conveying messages
-in a flash of electricity that had
-hitherto taken a day&#39;s reckless riding
-on horseback. While it saved the
-orderlies from many hazardous journeys
-there were many more where the
-telegraph wires did not penetrate and
-dependence was still placed on the
-dashing mounted messenger. The
-chief service of the electric telegraph
-was to maintain communication between
-corps and divisions and headquarters.
-It was also utilized in some
-of the brilliant strokes of the Secret
-Service in forestalling deep-laid plots.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page30" id="page30"></a>[pg&nbsp;30]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i034.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i034t.jpg" width="400" height="244" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN AN ARSENAL AT WASHINGTON</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">THE downfall of Washington in the first
-days of the war would have meant the
-downfall of the Republic. What
-changes this would have wrought in the
-history of the Western Continent can never be
-known. Its probabilities were such that the
-Treasury Building was guarded by howitzers,
-the Halls of Congress were occupied by soldiers,
-the Capitol building became a garrisoned citadel.
-Lincoln was virtually imprisoned by guards in
-the White House, and the streets were patrolled
-by armed men. Troops were quartered in the
-Patent Building. The basement galleries of the
-Capitol were converted into store-rooms for barrels
-of pork, beef and rations for a long siege.
-The vaults under the broad terrace on the western
-front were turned into bakeries where sixteen
-thousand loaves of bread were baked every
-day. The chimneys of the ovens pierced the terrace
-and smoke poured out in dense black clouds
-like a smoldering volcano. Ammunition and
-artillery were held in readiness to answer a moment&#39;s
-call. So intense was the excitement that
-one of the generals in command at the Government
-arsenal exclaimed: &quot;We are now in such a
-state that a dog-fight might cause the gutters of
-the Capital to run with blood.&quot; There was the
-clank of cavalry on the pavements, the tramp,
-tramp of regiments of men whose polished muskets
-flashed in the sunlight as they moved over
-Long Bridge. Cavalcades of teams and white-topped
-army wagons carrying provisions, munitions
-of war and baggage followed in weird procession.
-Brady was then in Washington negotiating
-with the Government and the Secret Service
-for permission to follow the armies with his
-cameras. This is one of the pictures that he
-took at that time, showing the artillery and
-cannon-balls parked at the National Capital.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page31" id="page31"></a>[pg&nbsp;31]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">NO one, except the men who did
-it, can ever know the tremendous
-difficulties overcome
-in preparing an army
-for warfare. The transformation of
-a nation of peaceful home-lovers to a
-battle-thirsty, fighting populace is
-almost beyond human understanding.
-To arm them instantly with the implements
-of war is a problem hardly conceivable.
-When the first guns of the
-Civil War were belching their death-fire,
-all the man-killing weapons
-known to civilization were being hurried
-to the front. There were flint
-and percussion and long-range muskets
-and rifles; bayonets and cavalry
-sabers; field and siege cannon; mortars
-and sea-coast howitzers; projectiles,
-shot, shell, grape and canister;
-powder, balls, strap and buckshot;
-minie balls and percussion caps;
-fuses, wads and grenades; columbiads
-and navy carronades; lances, pistols
-and revolvers; heavy ordnance and
-carriages. Europe was called upon
-to send its explosives across the sea.
-Caves were opened for the mining of
-nitre, lead and sulphur. Factories
-were run day and night for the manufacture
-of saltpeter. On land and
-sea the greatest activity prevailed.
-This photograph was taken on the
-twenty-sixth day of August in 1861,
-when the ammunition schooners,
-accompanying the fleet from Fortress
-Monroe on the expedition to Fort
-Hatteras, N. C., were passing through
-Hampton Roads. The fleet, sailing
-under sealed orders, in command of
-Flag Officer Silas H. Stringham,
-arrived before sunset. Two days
-later, in conjunction with the troops
-of the 9th, 20th, and 99th New York
-Volunteers, under General Benjamin
-F. Butler, it forced the surrender
-of Fort Hatteras without the loss
-of a man and took seven hundred
-prisoners. The Confederates lost
-about fifty killed and wounded.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i035.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i035t.jpg" width="400" height="300" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN HAMPTON ROADS&mdash;AMMUNITION SCHOONERS</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page32" id="page32"></a>[pg&nbsp;32]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">SPIES lived in the White House according to the rumors in 1861, and every council of the Administration
-was reported to the enemy. Whether this is true or not has never been verified,
-but by some mysterious channel the Administration&#39;s plans invariably fell into the hands of the
-Confederates. One of the first instances of this is the expedition to Port Royal on the South
-Carolina coast. This was one of the finest harbors along the South Atlantic and it was planned to
-take it from the Confederates and use it as a base for future Union operations. The most careful
-preparations were laid for two months. On the twenty-ninth of October, in 1861, fifty vessels under
-sealed orders with secret destination sailed from Hampton Roads. The fleet had hardly left the
-range of Fortress Monroe when the full details of its sealed orders reached the Confederates at Port
-Royal. Off Cape Hatteras it ran into a severe gale; one transport was completely wrecked, with a
-loss of seven lives; another transport threw over her cargo; a storeship went down in the storm, and
-a gunboat was saved only by throwing her broadside battery into the sea. The fleet was so scattered
-that when the storm cleared there was only a single gunboat in sight of the flagship. Undismayed
-by the misfortune, within a few hours the vessels that had withstood the tremendous gale were moving
-on to Port Royal. Several frigates that had been blockading Charleston Harbor joined them and
-on the morning of the seventh of November the attack was made on Fort Walker at Hilton Head and
-Fort Beauregard on St. Helena Island. The guns of the fleet wrought dreadful havoc. The stream
-of fire was more than the entrenched men had expected or could endure. The troops fled across
-Hilton Head in panic from Fort Walker. When the commander at Fort Beauregard looked upon
-the fleeing soldiers he abandoned his position and joined the retreat. A flag of truce was sent ashore
-but there was no one to receive it, and soon after two o&#39;clock the National colors were floating over
-the first permanent foothold of the Government in South Carolina, a Confederate stronghold.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i036.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i036t.jpg" width="348" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">GUN IN BATTERY AT PORT ROYAL, S. C., 1861</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i037.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i037t.jpg" width="315" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">COOSAW FERRY, PORT ROYAL ISLAND, S. C.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i038.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i038t.jpg" width="333" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">FORT BEAUREGARD, BAY POINT, S. C., 1861</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i039.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i039t.jpg" width="373" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">GENERAL ISAAC I. STEVENS&#39; STAFF, BEAUFORT, S. C.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page33" id="page33"></a>[pg&nbsp;33]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THE AMERICAN PEOPLE, in their one hundred
-and twenty years of &quot;Life, Liberty and
-the Pursuit of Happiness,&quot; have had but three
-wars with the outside world. They have enjoyed a greater
-immunity from armed encounter than any of their neighbors.
-Other than the grievous struggle which we have
-had with our own people, it may be fairly said that we
-have been blessed by Peace.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">As if by magic the hundreds of thousands of volunteers
-were armed with the munitions of War and marched
-to the battle-front. The great Lincoln, under the constitutional
-provisions, was commander-in-chief of the citizen
-armies, and worked in conjunction with his War Department
-at Washington. The military genius of a trained
-fighter was needed and from the outbreak of the War until
-November 6, 1861, Brevet-Lieutenant Winfield Scott
-was in command; then came Major-General George B.
-McClellan, a man of great caution, until March 11, 1862.
-From that time until July 12, 1862, the Government was
-without a general commander until Major-General Henry
-W. Halleck took control and continued till March 12,
-1864. It was then that Lieutenant-General Ulysses S.
-Grant was called upon to end the struggle. Under
-these military leaders the great fighting force of volunteers
-was organized into armies. The first of these patriot
-legions was the Army of the Potomac.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Army of the Potomac was called into existence in July,
-1861, and was organized by Major-General George B.
-McClellan, its first commander; November 5, 1862,
-Major-General A. E. Burnside took command of it; January
-25, 1863, Major-General Joe Hooker was placed in
-command, and June 27, 1863, Major-General George G.
-Meade succeeded him.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Army of Virginia was organized August 12, 1862.
-The forces under Major-Generals Fremont, Banks, and
-McDowell, including the troops then under Brigadier-General
-Sturgis at Washington, were consolidated under
-the command of Major-General John Pope; and in the
-first part of September, 1862, the troops forming this
-army were transferred to other organizations, and the army
-as such discontinued.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Army of the Ohio became a power, November 9,
-1861. General Don Carlos Buell assumed command of
-the Department of the Ohio. The troops serving in this
-department were organized by him as the Army of the
-Ohio, General Buell remaining in command until October
-30, 1862, when he was succeeded by General W. S.
-Rosecranz. This Army of the Ohio became, at the same
-time, the Army of the Cumberland. A new Department
-of the Ohio having been created, Major-General H. G.
-Wright was assigned to the command thereof; he was
-succeeded by Major-General Burnside, who was relieved
-by Major-General J. G. Foster of the command of the
-Department and Army. Major-General J. M. Schofield
-took command January 28, 1864, and January 17, 1865,
-the Department was merged into the Department of the
-Cumberland.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Army of the Cumberland developed from the Army
-of the Ohio, commanded by General Don Carlos Buell,
-October 24, 1862, and was placed under the command
-of Major-General W. S. Rosecranz; it was also organized
-at the same time as the Fourteenth Corps. In January,
-1863, it was divided into three corps, the Fourteenth,
-Twentieth and Twenty-first; in September, 1863, the
-Twentieth and Twenty-first Corps were consolidated into
-the Fourth Corps. October, 1863, General George H.
-Thomas took command of the army, and the Eleventh
-and Twelfth Corps were added to it. In January, 1864,
-the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were consolidated and
-known as the Twentieth Corps.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Army of the Tennessee was originally the Army of
-the District of Western Tennessee, fighting as such at
-Shiloh, Tennessee. It became the Army of the Tennessee
-upon the concentration of troops at Pittsburg Landing,
-under General Halleck; and when the Department of
-the Tennessee was formed, October 16, 1862, the troops
-serving therein were placed under the command of Major-General
-U. S. Grant. October 24, 1862, the troops in
-this Department were organized as the Thirteenth Corps;
-December 18, 1862, they were divided into the Thirteenth,
-Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Corps.
-October 27, 1863, Major-General William T. Sherman
-was appointed to the command of this army; March 12,
-1864, Major-General J. B. McPherson succeeded him;
-July 30, 1864, McPherson having been killed, Major-General
-O. O. Howard was placed in command, and
-May 19, 1865, Major-General John A. Logan succeeded
-him.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Army of the Mississippi began operations on the
-Mississippi River in Spring, 1862; before Corinth, Mississippi,
-in May, 1862; Iuka and Corinth, Mississippi, in
-September and October, 1862.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Army of the Gulf operated at Siege of Port Hudson,
-Louisiana, May, June, and July, 1863.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Army of the James consisted of the Tenth and Eighteenth
-Corps and Cavalry, Major-General Butler commanding
-and operating in conjunction with Army of the
-Potomac.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Army of West Virginia was active at Cloyd&#39;s Mountain,
-May 9 and 10, 1864.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Army of the Middle Military Division operated at
-Opepuan and Cedar Creek, September and October, 1864.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">During the year 1862, Brady&#39;s men followed these
-legions. Both armies were maneuvering to strike a
-decisive blow at the National Capital of either foe&mdash;one
-aiming at Washington and the other at Richmond. The
-scenes enacted in these campaigns are remarkable in
-military strategy, and Brady&#39;s men succeeded in perpetuating
-nearly every important event.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Cameras were also hurried to the far South and West
-where great leaders with great soldiers were doing great
-things. Several of these cameras arrived in time to bear
-witness to the bravery of the men of the Mississippi, who
-were waging battle along the greatest waterway in North
-America&mdash;the stronghold of the Confederacy and the
-control of the inland commerce of the Continent.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page34" id="page34"></a>[pg&nbsp;34]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THE first naval conflicts of the
-Civil War took place early in
-1862. On the ninth of
-March, the revolving turret
-iron-clad &quot;Monitor&quot; met the enormous
-Confederate ram, &quot;Merrimac,&quot;
-in Hampton Roads. Both powerful
-vessels forced the attack and stood
-under the fiercest bombardment only
-to again invite assault. After four
-hours of the nerviest fighting that the
-seas had ever known, the adversaries
-withdrew, undefeated, to repair their
-respective damages. Brady secured
-several photographs of these vessels
-immediately after the engagement.
-One of them on this page shows part
-of the deck and turret of the &quot;Monitor;&quot;
-near the port-hole can be seen
-the dents made by the heavy steel-pointed
-shot from the guns of the
-&quot;Merrimac.&quot; While the news of this
-conflict was amazing even old Europe,
-naval operations along the
-American coast were creating consternation.
-On the first anniversary
-of the Fall of Fort Sumter the National
-navy, in an attempt to sweep
-the Confederates from the Atlantic
-coast, bombarded Fort Pulaski in
-Georgia. All day long the bombardment
-was terrific and firing did
-not cease until nightfall, when five
-of the guns of the fortress were silent.
-All night long four of Gillmore&#39;s
-guns fired at intervals of fifteen or
-twenty minutes and at daybreak the
-onslaught became furious. At two
-in the afternoon a white flag appeared
-from its walls. The spoils of victory
-were the fort, forty-seven heavy
-guns, a large supply of fixed ammunition,
-forty thousand pounds of gun
-powder, a large quantity of commissary
-stores; three hundred prisoners
-and the port of Savannah was sealed
-against blockade runners&mdash;all this
-with the loss of but one killed on each
-side. Brady seems to have had unusual
-foresight. He was nearly
-always in the right place at the
-right time and these negatives picture
-the ruins of Fort Pulaski.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i040.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i040t.jpg" width="400" height="360" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">ORIGINAL &quot;MONITOR&quot; AFTER HER FIGHT WITH THE &quot;MERRIMAC&quot;</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i041.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i041t.jpg" width="333" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">RUINS OF FORT PULASKI, GA., APRIL, 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i042.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i042t.jpg" width="400" height="351" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">OFFICERS ON BOARD &quot;MONITOR,&quot; JULY 9, 1862, AT HAMPTON ROADS</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i043.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i043t.jpg" width="324" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">THE BREACHFORT AT PULASKI AFTER BATTLE</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page35" id="page35"></a>[pg&nbsp;35]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center">
-<a href="images/i044.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i044t.jpg" width="400" height="253" alt="" />
-</a>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">The most powerful fleet that had ever sailed under the American Flag
-entered the deltas of the Mississippi River on the eighteenth day of April,
-in 1862, to force the surrender of the largest and richest city of the Confederacy.
-The strategic value of New Orleans was greater than that of
-any other point in the Southern States. Its export trade in cotton and sugar was
-larger than any city in the world. The great fleet had sailed from Hampton
-Roads on the second of February under the command of a man sixty years old,
-who was born in Tennessee, but offered himself to the Union cause&mdash;David G.
-Farragut. This photograph was taken as he stood on the deck of his flagship
-&quot;Hartford.&quot; From the firing of the first gun on New Orleans a rain of iron fell
-upon the forts. During the first twenty-four hours Captain David Porter&#39;s gunners
-dropped fifteen hundred bombs in and around the forts. The night was hideous
-with fiery meteors and the day dense with smoke and flame. The roar of the
-artillery was deafening and shattered the windows in the houses for many miles.
-For six days and nights the terrific bombardment raged. When Farragut
-attempted to run the gauntlet to the metropolis of the gulf he swept the shores
-with a continuous fire of twenty-six thousand shells&mdash;a million and a half pounds
-of metal. The Confederates pushed a fire raft down the river to the daring
-admiral&#39;s flagship and the &quot;Hartford&quot; burst into flame. While one part of the
-crew fought the fire, the others poured metal from her guns onto the enemy.
-On the twenty-sixth day of April, Farragut entered the harbor to New
-Orleans and on the twenty-ninth unfurled the Stars and Stripes in the city.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">WITH flags flying and bands playing &quot;The Star Spangled
-Banner,&quot; the troops from the transports, which
-brought fifteen thousand men under command of
-General Benjamin F. Butler, marched into New
-Orleans on the first day of May in 1862. Crowds of men and
-women surged the sidewalks cursing the Yankees and hurrahing
-for Beauregard, Bull Run and Shiloh. When Butler established
-military government over New Orleans the city had a population
-of about 140,000. About 13,000 of these were slaves. Nearly
-30,000 of the best citizenship were fighting in the Confederate
-ranks. The city was on the verge of starvation. More than a
-third of the population had no money and no means of earning it.
-Prices rose enormously. Butler contributed a thousand dollars
-of his own money to relieve the suffering. Supplies were hurried
-from all sources and sold under Butler&#39;s orders at cost to
-those who had funds. The price of flour fell from sixty to
-twenty-four dollars a barrel. Butler proved to be a great organizer.
-The people were set to work cleaning and improving their
-city. His administration was always humane. The execution
-of a gambler who tore down the American Flag from the mint,
-and the condemning of a gang of thugs was his only show of the
-iron hand. This photograph shows Major-General Butler, with his
-staff, as he appeared in his fighting days. When leaving Lincoln
-and his cabinet to start on his expedition, Butler exclaimed:
-&quot;Good-bye, Mr. President; we shall take New Orleans or you
-will never see me again!&quot; With Farragut he kept his promise.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center">
-<a href="images/i045.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i045t.jpg" width="400" height="256" alt="" />
-</a>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page36" id="page36"></a>[pg&nbsp;36]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THE heaviest battery of artillery
-ever mounted in the world,
-up to 1862, was before Yorktown
-when the Union army
-was maneuvering to enter Richmond
-from the south. The intention was to
-shell the Confederates out of a
-strongly intrenched position by overwhelming
-fire. This photograph was
-taken inside of the fortification that
-threatened to annihilate an entire
-army. In it were huge demons of
-death&mdash;that were hitherto unknown
-in warfare&mdash;capable of throwing 900
-pounds of iron at one broadside into
-the lines of the enemy. There were
-five 100-pounder and two 200-pounder
-Parrot rifled cannon. The topography
-of the country would not admit of
-engagements with unfortified lines.
-The Confederates concentrated their
-forces in the woods. The Union
-commanders at first despised picks
-and shovels. They insisted that all
-defenses except those naturally available
-were beneath a soldier&#39;s dignity.
-The battles of the East and West
-were being fought on open ground.
-The campaign against Richmond,
-however, proved the necessity of defenses
-to protect the lines from unexpected
-attacks from the hidden enemy.
-The Confederates became uneasy
-over this shift of fighting front
-and the magnitude of the preparations
-at Yorktown so astounded them
-that they abandoned the position. On
-May third the great battery threw a
-charge into the Confederate stronghold.
-It was intended to open the
-bombardment on the following morning,
-but at dawn it was found that the
-Confederates had evacuated. The
-heavy artillery was known as Battery
-No. 1, and manned by Company
-B, First Connecticut Heavy Artillery.
-It became a matter of discussion
-throughout the world. Military
-attachés from many foreign powers
-visited the breastworks to report
-the situation to their governments.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i046.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i046t.jpg" width="400" height="325" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN BEHIND THE BREASTWORKS AT YORKTOWN, VA., IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page37" id="page37"></a>[pg&nbsp;37]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">AT sunrise of the fourth of May,
-in 1862, the Union troops entered
-the deserted Confederate
-works at Yorktown and
-found seventy-one heavy guns, a
-large number of tents, with ammunition
-and materials of war. The
-works were found to be of scientific
-construction and great strength and
-undoubtedly could have withstood
-the heavy fire from the heaviest battery
-in the world. This photograph
-shows the remains of one of the heavy
-Confederate guns blown into atoms
-rather than leave it to the Union
-forces. Fragments of the gun strew
-the ground, together with shell and
-grape-shot. The soldiers seen in
-works are Union Zouaves. The Confederate
-forces of 50,000 men under
-Magruder were pursued by McClellan&#39;s
-85,000 Union soldiers to Williamsburg,
-after which the enemy retired
-unmolested behind the lines of
-Richmond. While Brady was taking
-his photographs at Yorktown, he met
-the distinguished Prince de Joinville
-and his royal companions of the
-House of Orleans, who, for pure love
-of adventure, had come from France
-and were following the Army of the
-Potomac as aides-de-camp, being permitted
-to serve without taking the
-oath of allegiance, and without pay.
-The noblemen were eating dinner in
-camp when Brady secured this picture.
-A few days later Brady met
-the Battery C, 3rd U.S. Flying Artillery,
-on the road to Fair Oaks and
-secured a remarkable photograph.
-Another picture in this campaign is
-the ruins of the Norfolk navy-yard.
-It had been the chief naval depot of
-the Confederates, but on the tenth of
-May, 1862, General John E. Wool,
-with 5,000 men, entered the city. The
-navy-yard, with its workshops, storehouses
-and other buildings had been
-wrecked, but two hundred cannon fell
-into the hands of the Union forces.
-The Confederate ironclad &quot;Merrimac&quot;
-tried to escape up the James,
-but grounded and was blown up.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i047.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i047t.jpg" width="400" height="308" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">CONFEDERATE WORKS AFTER EVACUATION OF YORKTOWN</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i048.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i048t.jpg" width="400" height="308" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">ADVENTUROUS EUROPEAN NOBLEMEN WITH ARMY OF THE POTOMAC IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i049.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i049t.jpg" width="400" height="281" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">RUINS OF NORFOLK NAVY YARD IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i050.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i050t.jpg" width="400" height="283" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">FLYING ARTILLERY ON ROAD TO FAIR OAKS</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page38" id="page38"></a>[pg&nbsp;38]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">AFTER the evacuation of Yorktown
-on the fourth of May,
-in 1862, this picture was
-taken. It shows the generals
-of the Army of the Potomac in
-full uniforms after the hard siege,
-and at the very time when they were
-maneuvering to drive back the Confederates,
-forcing them to stand in
-defense of the Capital of the Confederacy&mdash;Richmond.
-It was through
-the personal friendship of Major-General
-McClellan that Brady was
-allowed to take this rare photograph.
-The warriors lined up in front of the
-camera on the field at Yorktown. In
-the center is General McClellan&mdash;a
-man in whose veins flowed the blood
-of Scotch cautiousness&mdash;&quot;Be sure
-you&#39;re right, then go ahead!&quot; He
-was but thirty-six years of age when
-he held the great army under his control.
-From boyhood he had been a
-military tactician. When twenty
-years old he was graduated from
-West Point, standing second in his
-class, and distinguished himself for
-gallantry in the Mexican War. Six
-years before the outbreak of the Civil
-War, when only thirty years old,
-McClellan was in Crimea and two
-years later he submitted his report to
-the Government and resigned from
-the army to become vice-president
-and chief engineer of the Illinois
-Central Railroad. In 1860, he was
-general superintendent of the Ohio
-and Mississippi Railroad. When the
-call swept across the continent for
-troops to preserve the Nation, the old
-war spirit was aroused and McClellan
-was one of the first to respond.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i051.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i051t.jpg" width="400" height="278" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT YORKTOWN OF MCCLELLAN AND HIS OFFICERS IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page39" id="page39"></a>[pg&nbsp;39]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">BRADY&#39;S cameras took an
-active part in the campaign
-about Richmond, the Capital
-of the Confederacy. Four
-of the old negatives are here reproduced.
-The first is a view of
-light field-works on the Chickahominy,
-near Fair Oaks. The men are
-at the guns ready to receive the attack
-and the infantry are hurrying into
-line on the right and left of the battery.
-The second photograph is
-where the battle raged hottest in
-June, 1862. In the rear of the battery
-of howitzers in the foreground,
-is the left of Sickle&#39;s brigade in line
-of battle. Near the twin houses,
-seen still further in the rear, the bodies
-of over 400 Union soldiers were
-buried after the battle. The Confederate
-loss was 7,997 men killed,
-wounded and missing; the Union
-loss, 5,739. The headquarters of the
-army, at the opening of the seven
-days&#39; fight, was at Savage Station,
-where vast amounts of rations,
-forage, ammunition and hospital
-stores were distributed for the use of
-the troops. This station fell into the
-hands of the enemy together with
-many of our sick and wounded soldiers
-during the seven days&#39; battles.
-One of these views gives a glimpse of
-the field hospital at Savage Station
-during the battle. The wounded were
-brought in by the hundreds and laid
-on the ground and the surgeons may
-be seen leaning over them. During
-the Peninsula Campaign in 1862, the
-army balloon was a valuable aid in
-the signal service. This view shows
-Professor T. S. C. Lowe in his balloon
-watching the battle of Fair
-Oaks. He can easily discern the
-movements of the enemy&#39;s troops and
-give warning to the generals. The
-balloon rises to the desired elevation
-and is anchored to a tree.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i052.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i052t.jpg" width="394" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">ARTILLERY IN LINE AT FAIR OAKS IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i053.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i053t.jpg" width="400" height="337" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BATTERY OF HOWITZERS IN BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i054.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i054t.jpg" width="396" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">WATCHING BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS FROM BALLOON</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i055.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i055t.jpg" width="400" height="338" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">THE WOUNDED AT SAVAGE STATION AFTER THE BATTLE</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page40" id="page40"></a>[pg&nbsp;40]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">DESPERATE battles day and
-night crimsoned the fields in
-the siege about Richmond.
-McClellan called for reinforcements
-to force his way into the
-city, but they failed to arrive. So
-dismayed was he that he sent this
-warning to Stanton at Washington:
-&quot;If I save this army now, I tell you
-plainly that I owe no thanks to you,
-or any other person in Washington.&quot;
-This photograph shows the Grapevine
-Bridge on the Chickahominy over
-which McClellan passed his army.
-This bridge was built by the 15th
-New York Engineer Corps. All the
-supplies that could be taken in the
-wagon trains were hurried over
-Grapevine Bridge and the remainder
-were burned or abandoned. Hundreds
-of artillery charges were
-opened. Powder was scattered over
-the pile and barrels of oil poured on.
-At Savage Station a railroad train
-loaded with ammunition was set
-on fire, then sent, with the locomotive
-throttle wide open, to plunge from the
-broken tracks into the river, each car
-exploding as it reached the surface
-of the stream. Grapevine Bridge
-was destroyed and Jackson held away
-from the Battle of Gaines&#39; Mill,
-which undoubtedly saved the Army
-of the Potomac from capture.
-Through Mechanicville, Gaines&#39; Mill,
-Savage Station, Peach Orchard,
-White Oak Swamp and Malvern
-Hill the Union soldiers fought their
-way from the twenty-sixth of June
-to the first of July, finally escaping
-to Harrison&#39;s Landing on the James
-River after a loss of 15,249 men. The
-Confederates had beaten them back
-from Richmond at a cost of 17,583
-men. McClellan set up his base of
-operations at Harrison&#39;s Landing and
-remained a menace to Richmond.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i056.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i056t.jpg" width="400" height="306" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT GRAPEVINE BRIDGE OVER THE CHICKAHOMINY</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page41" id="page41"></a>[pg&nbsp;41]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">BRILLIANT strokes came like
-flashes of lightning. With
-McClellan still setting his
-heart on taking Richmond,
-&quot;Stonewall&quot; Jackson was making
-threatening moves towards Washington.
-Demonstrations were begun to
-plant fear in the Government and
-cause sufficient alarm to order the
-withdrawal of McClellan to the defense
-of Washington. This daring
-ruse was successful inasmuch as it
-completely upset the plans to take
-Richmond, and the seat of battle was
-almost instantly transferred to the
-North. There was no denying it;
-Washington stood in abject fear of
-the brilliant Jackson. His presence
-in the vicinity of the National Capital
-caused much uneasiness. The
-stand against him came at Cedar
-Mountain, known from its hard fight
-as Slaughter Mountain, on the ninth
-of August, 1862. At a cost of about
-1,400 men, the Union army frustrated
-Jackson and depleted his forces to the
-extent of 1,307. Brady&#39;s cameras
-were with the army at Cedar Mountain.
-The first photograph was taken
-just as one of the batteries was fording
-a tributary of the Rappahannock.
-Another picture was taken of the
-Union camp on the battlefield. The
-Confederate general, Charles S.
-Winder, was struck by a shell while
-leading his division on the field. He
-was taken to the house shown in one
-of these photographs where he died.
-The marks of the shells can easily be
-seen in the roof. It was about this
-time, at Harrison&#39;s Landing, that
-Brady met the famous Irish Brigade
-which was then fighting in the defense
-of Washington, under Brigadier-General
-Thomas Francis Meagher,
-who had taken prominent part in
-a recent rebellion in Ireland. A group
-of officers of the sturdy Irish Brigade
-sat before one of Brady&#39;s cameras.
-The charges of this brigade are
-among the most daring in warfare.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i057.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i057t.jpg" width="387" height="282" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">OFFICERS OF IRISH BRIGADE AT HARRISON&#39;S LANDING IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i058.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i058t.jpg" width="400" height="301" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">HOUSE AT CEDAR MOUNTAIN WHERE GENERAL WINDER DIED</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i059.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i059t.jpg" width="400" height="312" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">CAMP AND BATTLEFIELD ON CEDAR MOUNTAIN IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i060.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i060t.jpg" width="400" height="330" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BATTERY FORDING STREAM NEAR CEDAR MOUNTAIN IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page42" id="page42"></a>[pg&nbsp;42]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">ONE hundred and sixty thousand
-men fought in the
-Union lines in the Peninsula
-campaign. When Lincoln
-reviewed the army at Harrison&#39;s
-Landing, in 1862, he saw only eighty-six
-thousand men. The remainder
-had been removed by casualties on the
-field or disease. Fifty thousand had
-fallen victims to fever or malaria.
-The president and his cabinet were
-dissatisfied with the conditions and
-General Henry Wager Halleck, who
-had been showing much ability in the
-West, was summoned to Washington
-and appointed commander-in-chief.
-McClellan was practically deposed
-from the Potomac. The Army of
-Virginia, under command of General
-John Pope, was instructed to
-cover Washington and guard the
-Shenandoah entrance to Maryland.
-In taking command of this division,
-Pope said to his men: &quot;I have come
-to you from the West, where we have
-always seen the backs of our enemies.&quot;
-The Confederates were mapping
-routes on a large scale. Bragg
-was to advance on Louisville and Cincinnati;
-Lee was to invade Maryland
-and march upon Washington, Baltimore
-and Philadelphia. The capture
-of these three cities was to assure
-the Independence of the Confederacy.
-Lee had 150,000 men and two-thirds
-of them were to be taken on this invasion.
-This is the scheme that was
-being worked out when the two armies
-met on the thirtieth day of August
-at Manassas. The Confederate troops
-poured onto the Federal lines and
-forced them back beyond Bull Run
-until the darkness of the night stopped
-the pursuit. Bridges were burned and
-railroads destroyed by the Union
-Army as they withdrew toward Washington,
-making brave stands to hold
-back the enemy, only to be driven
-back to the banks of the Potomac with
-7,800 missing and dead, while the
-Confederate lines had 3,700 vacancies.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i061.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i061t.jpg" width="400" height="309" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN BEHIND CONFEDERATE FORTIFICATIONS AT MANASSAS IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page43" id="page43"></a>[pg&nbsp;43]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i062.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i062t.jpg" width="400" height="254" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">GENERAL IRVIN MCDOWELL AND OFFICERS IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i063.jpg">
-<img class ="border" src="images/i063t.jpg" width="280" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">RUINED BRIDGE AT MANASSAS</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">CONSTERNATION was caused in Washington by the terrible slaughter at Manassas, on the thirtieth
-of August, in 1862. The Federal Army was driven from the Virginia valley. The mighty Confederate
-generals Lee, Jackson, and Longstreet, renewed their hopes of entering the National
-Capital and pushing into Pennsylvania and Maryland, and as one enthusiastic Southerner exclaimed: &quot;The
-Confederate flag will yet wave over Faneuil Hall in Boston.&quot; It was but thirteen months since the Union
-Army met a fearful defeat along this same stream of Bull Run. After a three weeks&#39; campaign, the Federals,
-under Major-General John Pope, were forced to retire and hastened to the defense of Washington which they
-believed to be in instant danger of attack. It was in a volley of heavy fire that General Phil Kearney fell
-dead from his saddle. Kearney and Lee had been personal friends before the war and Lee sent the body of
-his old friend back to the Union headquarters under a flag of truce. During this campaign, Brady secured
-an excellent photograph of Major-General Irvin McDowell and staff, who had been in the first battle of Bull
-Run and now commanded the Third Army Corps. He also made the acquaintance of General Robert E. Lee,
-who had assumed command of the Confederate Army in Virginia in the second battle, two months before.
-Standing at Lee&#39;s right is Major-General G. W. C. Lee and on his left Colonel Walter Taylor of the Confederates.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i064.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i064t.jpg" width="270" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE AT MANASSAS</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page44" id="page44"></a>[pg&nbsp;44]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">TIRED and hungry, the Federal
-soldiers were driven from the
-Virginia Valley. The cutting
-off of supplies had
-placed them in a precarious condition.
-There was nothing left for them to do
-but retreat to the nearest provisions.
-Even the 4,000 horses in the cavalry
-were so broken down and footsore
-that not more than 500 of them were
-fit for riding. The only considerable
-depot of supplies was at Manassas
-Junction and it had fallen into the
-hands of the Confederates. A strong
-body of cavalry under &quot;Jeb&quot; Stuart,
-with 500 infantry, had raided it during
-the night three days before the
-battle. These stores were destroyed
-by the Confederates as a safer way to
-force back the Federals by starvation.
-While they brought little succor to the
-rank and file of the Confederate army
-they left the Union soldiers without
-food. One of Brady&#39;s cameras
-reached Manassas Junction shortly
-after the destruction and this is the
-negative that was taken. The railroad
-train is wrecked, the engine is
-derailed, and the cars have been looted.
-50,000 pounds of bacon, 1,000
-barrels of corned beef, 2,000 barrels
-of salt pork, 2,000 barrels of flour,
-two train loads with stores and clothing,
-large quantities of forage, 42
-wagons and ambulances, 200 tents,
-300 prisoners, 200 negroes, eight
-pieces of artillery with their horses
-and equipments, and 175 horses other
-than those belonging to the artillery
-fell into the possession of the enemy.
-Immense quantities of quartermasters&#39;
-and commissaries&#39; stores were
-burned. Only rations enough for a
-single day were saved by the captors.
-The conflict was too hot and the action
-too swift to allow carrying them
-along on the movement into the
-North. With these provisions gone
-the Union army was in dire want.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i065.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i065t.jpg" width="400" height="317" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT RUINS OF MANASSAS JUNCTION, VIRGINIA, IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page45" id="page45"></a>[pg&nbsp;45]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THE pursuit by the Confederates
-toward the very gates of
-Washington, after the route
-of the Union army along Bull
-Run, was stopped only by the thoughtfulness
-of the retreating Federals in
-destroying their bridges. Lee, in his
-report after the battle, says: &quot;After a
-fierce combat, which raged until after
-nine o&#39;clock, Pope&#39;s Union Army
-was completely defeated and driven
-beyond Bull Run. The darkness of
-the night, his destruction of the Stone
-Bridge after crossing, and the uncertainty
-of the fords, stopped the pursuit.&quot;
-This photograph is an actual
-verification of the truth of Lee&#39;s excuse.
-Brady arrived on the following
-day and this picture shows the
-ruins as he found them. It would
-have been foolhardy for an army in
-the blackness of night to have attempted
-to tramp through wreckage,
-the extent of which they knew nothing,
-and water the depth of which was
-questionable. Bull Run was a treacherous
-stream with its rocks and holes.
-Moreover, the Confederate soldiers,
-after the fearful struggle through
-which they had passed, were not in a
-condition to travel through the night
-in drenched and mud-soaked clothing.
-The Union forces at the fierce
-battle of Manassas were: Army of
-Virginia, under Pope&mdash;1st Corps
-under Major-General Franz Sigel;
-Third Corps under Major-General
-Irvin McDowell; Second Corps under
-Major-General Nathaniel P. Banks;
-Army of the Potomac&mdash;Third Corps
-under Major-General S. P. Heintzelman;
-Fifth Corps under Major-General
-Fitz John Porter; Ninth Corps
-under Major-General Jesse L. Reno.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i066.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i066t.jpg" width="400" height="271" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT RUINS OF STONE BRIDGE OVER BULL RUN IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page46" id="page46"></a>[pg&nbsp;46]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i067.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i067t.jpg" width="400" height="271" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">THE DEAD ALONG HAGERSTOWN ROAD AFTER BATTLE OF ANTIETAM</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i068.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i068t.jpg" width="400" height="322" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">SIGNAL CORPS WATCHING BATTLE FROM HILLSIDE AT ANTIETAM</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">THRILLED with the victory at Manassas, the second Bull Run, the leader of the
-Confederacy, Jefferson Davis, ordered an immediate movement to the North with
-all the chances of glorious triumph in his favor. It was conceded even by the
-military tacticians of the Government that Lee could march to Washington with
-probabilities of entrance. He was aware that a direct attack was feasible, but he desired
-to cross the Potomac into Maryland and enter the National Capital from the north, thus
-giving him a free route to the great municipalities of the North. It is probable that he
-even had visions of the capture of New York. While developing this military stratagem
-he met the Federals in the open at Antietam. It was the seventeenth of September in 1862.
-General McClellan was in command and Lee&#39;s fondest dreams were blasted. The men of
-both armies fought as they never fought before. Brady&#39;s cameras were soon on the scene
-and secured many negatives of this bloody day. The one above reveals the west side of
-Hagerstown Road after the battle. The bodies of the dead are strewn thickly beside the
-fence, just as they fell. The guns succeeded in getting an excellent range of this road,
-and slaughtered the enemy like sheep. This view of some of the men just as they fell, is
-only a glimpse of many groups of dead in that terrible combat. Brady &quot;caught&quot; the Independent
-Pennsylvania Battery E, well known as Knapp&#39;s Battery, shortly after the battle.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i069.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i069t.jpg" width="400" height="319" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">ARTILLERY AFTER THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page47" id="page47"></a>[pg&nbsp;47]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THIS is believed to be the first
-photograph ever taken of
-armies in battle on the Western
-Continent. The historic
-negative was taken from the hill overlooking
-the battle of Antietam. It
-shows the artillery in terrific conflict
-and the fire belching from the cannon&#39;s
-mouth. The clouds of smoke
-rising from the valley tell the fearful
-story of that seventeenth day of September,
-in 1862, when 25,899 Confederates
-were killed, wounded and captured
-at the cost of 12,469 Union
-men. On the left of the lines stand
-the reserve artillery waiting for the
-call to action. One can almost hear
-the voice of &quot;Little Mac&quot; urging his
-men on to victory. The defeat at
-Manassas, and the destruction of
-Pope&#39;s trains, with the hot haste in
-which the troops had passed through
-Washington, gave no time for the
-issuance of shoes, socks or other necessaries.
-The men who had tramped
-through the Chickahominy swamps
-and down the Virginia Valley were
-ragged and bleeding, but when the
-order rose above the tumult: &quot;Give
-ground to the right,&quot; a mighty cheer
-swept along the lines as a cavalry
-of horsemen galloped madly to the
-front, for the men in the ranks knew
-that McClellan was coming. There
-was not a man at Antietam who did
-not know that it was a last desperate
-chance to thwart the great Lee from
-marching on to Washington, and possibly
-Baltimore and Philadelphia.
-The people in the North eagerly
-awaited the news. The National Capital
-was almost in a state of panic.
-It was the hardest fought and bloodiest
-single day&#39;s battle of the war and
-more men were killed than in any
-single day&#39;s fight during the conflict.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i070.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i070t.jpg" width="400" height="283" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN DURING THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page48" id="page48"></a>[pg&nbsp;48]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i071.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i071t.jpg" width="400" height="249" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">SCOUTS AND GUIDES WITH THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i072.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i072t.jpg" width="400" height="281" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER AND HIS FAVORITE HORSE AT ANTIETAM</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i073.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i073.jpg" width="400" height="385" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PICKETS IN THE LEAD OF THE ARMY IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">THE scouts and guides of the Civil War saved the armies from many
-defeats by their shrewdness and bravery. Upon them rested the
-great responsibility of leading the soldiers through the unknown
-country to advantageous and safe positions. During the Peninsula
-campaign in 1862 a group of these men sat before one of Brady&#39;s
-cameras. A photograph was also secured at a reserve picket station near
-the Potomac. The advance picket was a short distance ahead and upon
-the approach of the enemy began firing, and gradually fell back on these
-reserves, who keep up a continuous fire as they retire slowly, fighting as
-they go, giving time for the army to form into line for battle. About
-this same time an excellent picture was secured of &quot;Fighting Joe&quot; Hooker
-standing beside his horse. Hooker was seriously wounded at Antietam
-and borne from the field. Still another photograph shown here is the
-&quot;Sunken Road&quot; or &quot;Bloody Lane&quot; at Antietam, in which the Confederate
-dead lay three deep for a distance of half a mile. This ditch was used
-by the Confederates as a rifle pit. A Union battery succeeded in getting
-an excellent range of the road and this view, taken the day after the battle,
-shows the dead just as they fell. It is a scene of slaughter that few men
-have ever seen and its horrors are here preserved in detail by the camera.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i074.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i074t.jpg" width="400" height="383" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">DEAD IN SUNKEN ROAD AFTER BATTLE OF ANTIETAM</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page49" id="page49"></a>[pg&nbsp;49]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">STONEWALL JACKSON, in
-speaking of the battle of Antietam,
-said: &quot;The carnage on
-both sides was terrific. The
-hottest fight seemed to center about
-Dunker Church, where there were no
-less than four charges and counter-charges.
-Each army had taken and
-retaken the ground until it was literally
-carpeted with dead and dying
-men.&quot; The Confederates posted a
-battery of light artillery outside of the
-little building used for religious services
-by the sect known as the Dunkers.
-This photograph shows where
-one gun of the battery stood. The
-dead artillerymen and horses, and the
-shell-holes through the little church,
-prove how terrible a fire was rained
-onto this spot by the Union batteries.
-Another view on this page shows the
-dead collected for burial after the battle
-of Antietam. The wounded were
-taken from the battlefield to an improvised
-hospital which consisted of
-canvas stretched over stakes driven
-into the ground. A view is here
-given of one of these hospitals in
-which wounded Confederate prisoners
-are being relieved of their suffering.
-One of the most interesting of
-these photographs is Burnside Bridge.
-With fixed bayonets the Union soldiers
-started on their mission of death,
-rushing over the slope leading to the
-bridge, and engaging in fierce combat
-with the enemy. The fire that swept
-it was more than they could stand
-and they were obliged to retire. Two
-heavy guns were placed in position
-and aimed upon the Confederates. In
-a maddening charge, the bayonets
-again flashed in the light and the
-Union soldiers swept everything before
-them, planting the Stars and
-Stripes on the opposite bank. Five
-hundred of their men lay dead behind
-them. By this time Burnside had
-crossed the stream and after a quick
-encounter the battle was ended with
-both armies severely punished and
-neither inclined to resume the fight.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i075.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i075t.jpg" width="400" height="287" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BURNSIDE BRIDGE AT ANTIETAM IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i076.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i076t.jpg" width="400" height="329" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">THE DEAD COLLECTED FOR BURIAL AFTER BATTLE OF ANTIETAM</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i077.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i077t.jpg" width="400" height="287" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">FIELD HOSPITAL AT ANTIETAM BATTLEFIELD IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i078.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i078t.jpg" width="400" height="333" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">DEAD ARTILLERYMEN AT DUNKER&#39;S CHURCH, ANTIETAM</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page50" id="page50"></a>[pg&nbsp;50]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THE last echo of the guns of
-Antietam had hardly died
-away when the great Lincoln
-and the cautious McClellan
-stood literally at swords&#39; points at the
-very instant when the Confederacy
-was repulsed and weakened. Lincoln
-was positive that this was the
-opportune moment to take the offensive
-and drive the Confederates into
-the South. McClellan insisted that
-his soldiers were suffering; that they
-needed shoes and supplies; that the
-cavalry horses were fatigued. He felt
-that the Government had been saved
-by his men and that the administration
-should now provide them with
-proper clothing and food before they
-plunged again into the wilderness.
-President Lincoln hurried to the battlefield
-of Antietam on the first of
-October, in 1862, to learn the real
-condition. While the president and
-&quot;Little Mac&quot; were seated in General
-McClellan&#39;s tent about noon on the
-third of October, with maps and plans
-on the table before them, discussing
-the situation, Lincoln submitted to
-having this photograph taken. The
-silk hat of the president lies on the table
-over which is thrown an American
-flag. It is a remarkable likeness of
-the great American and the negative
-is treasured as one of the most valuable
-contributions to our National
-records. In speaking of this visit,
-McClellan said: &quot;We spent some time
-on the battlefield and conversed fully
-on the state of affairs. He told me
-that he was entirely satisfied with me
-and with all that I had done; that he
-would stand by me. He parted from
-me with the utmost cordiality. We
-never met again on this earth.&quot; On
-the following morning Lincoln returned
-to Washington. Two days
-later McClellan received an order
-from Washington to immediately
-move onto the enemy and engage
-them in battle. The breach between
-the two men was now irreparable.
-McClellan believed that it was the influence
-of Stanton whom he had
-accused of working deliberately
-against him. It was nineteen days
-before he began the movement and on
-the fifth of November, Lincoln issued
-this order: &quot;By direction of the president
-it is ordered that Major-General
-McClellan be relieved from the command
-of the Army of the Potomac,
-and that Major-General Burnside
-take command of that army.&quot;</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i079.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i079.jpg" width="331" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE LINCOLN WAS CONFERRING WITH McCLELLAN ON BATTLEFIELD OF ANTIETAM</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page51" id="page51"></a>[pg&nbsp;51]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">WHEN Lincoln visited the
-battlefield of Antietam,
-he was accompanied by
-Allan Pinkerton, chief of
-the Secret Service, known under the
-alias of Major Allen. On the morning
-of the third of October, 1862,
-when he was leaving McClellan&#39;s tent
-to look over the army in camp, he
-again stood before one of the war
-cameras and this rare photograph is
-the witness. Comparatively few of
-this generation have any clear idea
-of how the real Lincoln looked as he
-passed through the heart-rending ordeal
-from 1861 to 1865. This photograph
-shows him in his characteristic
-attitude. At his right stands Pinkerton,
-one of the shrewdest detectives
-that the world has produced. The
-officer in uniform is Major John A.
-McClernand, who was appointed to
-command the Army of the West and
-fought at Fort Donelson, Shiloh and
-Vicksburg, but who was in the East
-at this time. From Lincoln&#39;s visit resulted
-McClellan&#39;s deposal. Never before
-or since has such a scene been
-witnessed in any army as the one
-when McClellan took leave of his officers
-and soldiers. Seated on a magnificent
-steed, at the head of his brilliant
-staff, he rode down the lines,
-lifting his cap as the regimental colors
-fell into salute. Whole regiments
-dropped their muskets to cheer their
-hero. The tears came to McClellan&#39;s
-eyes and the vast army shook with
-emotion. As he was boarding the
-train troops fired a salute. Impassioned
-soldiers wildly insisted that he
-should not leave them, and uttered
-bitter imprecations against those who
-had deprived them of their beloved
-commander. It was a moment of
-fearful excitement. A word, or a
-look of encouragement, would have
-been the signal for a revolt, the consequences
-of which no man can measure.
-McClellan stepped to the platform
-of the car. He spoke slowly
-but appealingly: &quot;Stand by General
-Burnside as you have stood by me,
-and all will be well!&quot; A calm fell
-over the soldiers and they bade
-farewell to their idolized commander.
-McClellan, upon reaching Washington,
-remained less than an hour and
-proceeded at once to Trenton. From
-that time he never again saw
-Lincoln, or Stanton, or Halleck.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i080.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i080t.jpg" width="320" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE LINCOLN WAS PASSING THROUGH CAMP AT ANTIETAM IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page52" id="page52"></a>[pg&nbsp;52]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">A FEW days after Burnside replaced
-McClellan in command
-of the Army of the
-Potomac, this photograph
-was taken while he was with his
-staff at Warrenton, Virginia, in the
-middle of November, in 1862. Burnside
-is here seen in the midst of his
-officers, with one hand characteristically
-tucked into his coat and the
-other holding a written military order.
-Burnside was a graduate of
-West Point and when twenty-four
-years old helped to take the Capital
-in the Mexican War. He had also
-been an Indian fighter and during
-those days made a journey of over a
-thousand miles across the plains in
-seventeen days, accompanied by only
-three men, to carry dispatches to
-President Filmore. At twenty-nine
-years of age he resigned from the
-United States Army and invented the
-Burnside rifle. He was one of McClellan&#39;s
-intimate friends, and while a
-civilian he was engaged with him on
-the Illinois Central Railroad. Burnside
-was in New York when the Civil
-War broke out and hurried to the
-front in command of the First Rhode
-Island Volunteers. He fought at the
-first battle of Bull Run and commanded
-an expedition that stormed
-the North Carolina coast. He was in
-the famous Battle of Roanoke Island
-and Newbern and as a reward for
-these successes he was given the rank
-of major-general. He later fought
-the Battle of Camden, attacked and
-reduced Fort Macon, and during the
-Peninsula Campaign fought at the
-Battle of South Mountain and Antietam.
-When Lincoln first offered
-Burnside the command held by
-McClellan it is said that he refused
-it three times. Not until he knew
-that his friend must go did he concede
-to the wishes of the president.
-When Burnside took command of the
-Union forces he was but thirty-nine
-years old, but an experienced warrior.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i081.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i081t.jpg" width="400" height="309" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE MAJOR-GENERAL AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE WAS ENCAMPED WITH HIS STAFF IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page53" id="page53"></a>[pg&nbsp;53]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i082.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i082t.jpg" width="400" height="259" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">GENERAL EDWIN V. SUMNER AND STAFF IN PENINSULA CAMPAIGN IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">SHORTLY after the battle of Antietam this photograph was taken of General Sumner,
-who was distinguished for gallantry on that bloody field. Sumner is seen standing on
-the steps in the center of a group of officers. At this time he was a warrior sixty-six
-years of age and had seen a long life of hard fighting. He was born during the first days of
-the American Republic, in the year 1796. When twenty-three years old he became a second
-lieutenant in the United States Infantry and served with distinction during the Black Hawk
-War. He later had command of a cavalry school and at the outbreak of the Mexican War he
-led an attack against five thousand lancers and was breveted colonel. With the cessation of this
-conflict he took charge of the Department of New Mexico, and was later ordered to Europe
-on official business. Upon his return he entered into border warfare and defeated the
-Cheyenne Indians. When Lincoln was elected president, Sumner was selected to accompany
-him from Springfield to Washington and was promoted brigadier-general. Sumner was
-active in the Peninsula Campaign and was promoted to major-general. He fought through
-the Maryland Campaign, and at Antietam his corps made one of the fiercest charges over
-the field, carrying destruction and death. He commanded the right wing at the battle of
-Fredericksburg and was ordered to the West, but while preparing to depart he died suddenly.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">WHILE the campaigns against Richmond and Washington were being waged, hard
-fighting was taking place in the Southwest. Grant was in command of the Army
-of the Tennessee. Buell was near Chattanooga, facing Bragg who threatened Louisville.
-Rosecranz was at the head of the Army of the Mississippi and occupied Alabama and
-Northern Mississippi. Terrific engagements had taken place at Fort Donelson and Shiloh,
-Tennessee. The Guerilla Campaign was being waged in Missouri. There were frequent
-clashes in Kentucky and Arkansas, but Mississippi seemed to be the battle-ground. Corinth,
-in that state, was considered the military key to Tennessee. It was in the conflict for the control
-of this coveted position that the Confederates made one of their bravest charges. A
-photograph is here shown of Fort Robinette which was protected by Federal guns. The Southerners
-charged almost to the cannon&#39;s mouth, only to be swept back by the murderous shower
-of lead. The second charge stands as a wonderful example of human courage. Colonel Rogers
-of Texas, led the column, and scaled the breastwork, falling inside. Three charges were
-made, but the Confederates were finally forced to retreat. The Federal loss at this battle of
-Corinth in killed, wounded and missing was 2,359; the Confederates left behind them 9,423.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i082a.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i082at.jpg" width="400" height="269" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">IN FRONT OF THE EARTHWORKS AT FORT ROBINETTE IN CORINTH, MISSISSIPPI</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page54" id="page54"></a>[pg&nbsp;54]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">WITH colors flying, armament
-in first-class condition,
-and soldiers well-clothed
-and fed, the
-Union lines under the new command
-of Burnside began offensive operations
-against Virginia. This had
-been Lincoln&#39;s long desire. The
-scene of action was now to be forced
-away from the National Capital. On
-a bright morning in November, the
-men who had served under McClellan
-marched in three grand divisions
-to their new campaign. The Rappahannock
-was reached on the seventeenth,
-but the bridge across the river
-had been destroyed by the Confederates
-who were intrenched in Fredericksburg
-on the opposite bank.
-Pontoons promised by the Government
-had not yet arrived. &quot;Where
-are my pontoons?&quot; wired Burnside.
-&quot;They will start to-morrow,&quot; came
-the reply from the War Department.
-It was the tenth of December before
-the engineers could build their bridges
-and in the meantime ill-feeling had
-arisen between Burnside and the Government.
-The fatal delay had enabled
-Lee to concentrate his army on
-Marye&#39;s Heights, overlooking Fredericksburg.
-The work of building
-five bridges across the Rappahannock
-was begun under a drawn musketry
-fire from the opposite bank of the
-river. Nearly every blow of a hammer
-cost a human life. Burnside
-ordered his artillerymen to open fire
-on the city. Fredericksburg became
-a mass of ruins. This photograph
-shows abutments of the destroyed
-bridge. The trees are cropped short
-by the artillery fire from the Union
-guns. The Confederate sharpshooters
-were concealed in the buildings on
-the opposite river front. Burnside
-ordered his men to cross the river on
-a line of pontoon boats. The sharpshooters
-were driven from their shelter
-while the bridge building was
-completed. The river was crossed.
-At dawn, the twelfth of September,
-both armies stood ready for combat.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i083.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i083t.jpg" width="400" height="315" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ON THE RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER AFTER DESTRUCTION OF BRIDGE TO FREDERICKSBURG IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page55" id="page55"></a>[pg&nbsp;55]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i084.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i084t.jpg" width="400" height="303" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ALONG THE SUNKEN ROAD AT FREDERICKSBURG AFTER THE BATTLE IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">CONFRONTED by sheets of
-flame, the Union Army made
-its attack on Fredericksburg
-on the morning of the thirteenth
-of December, in 1862. The
-Confederates occupied the Heights
-with a line five and a half miles long
-and fortified with earthworks and
-artillery. The Federals moved
-through the town under a heavy fire
-of Confederate batteries. Marye&#39;s
-Hill was protected at its base by a
-stone wall, back of which was a
-sunken road, occupied by two brigades
-of Confederate infantry. The
-charging columns of the Union Army
-were rushing across the open ground
-under a fierce artillery fire when suddenly
-they were confronted by a rain
-of lead from the sunken road back of
-the stone wall. Nearly half of the
-charging column was shot down and
-the remainder fell back. Five thousand
-more charged in the same manner.
-Some of them approached within
-twenty yards of the wall, but fell
-back, leaving two thousand of their
-number on the field. Twelve thousand
-men were again charged against
-Marye&#39;s Heights, but scarcely four
-thousand returned. The Union ranks
-were depleted by 12,355, while the
-Confederates held their position with
-a loss of but 4,576, and the Federal
-Army withdrew across the Rappahannock
-and Lee held Fredericksburg.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page56" id="page56"></a>[pg&nbsp;56]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i085.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i085t.jpg" width="400" height="340" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">ARTILLERY DEFENSES ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF FREDERICKSBURG IN 1862</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i086.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i086t.jpg" width="331" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">FIGHTING GROUND ALONG THE CHICKASAW BAYOU</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i087.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i087t.jpg" width="327" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">POISONED SPRING OF CHICKASAW BAYOU</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i088.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i088t.jpg" width="400" height="290" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">MEDICAL CORPS OF ARMY OF POTOMAC IN CAMP UNDER SURGEON JONATHAN LETTERMAN</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">THE end of 1862, in the Civil War, found the army in the East in
-camp at Falmouth, Virginia, after severe reverses. In the
-Southwest a vigorous campaign was being waged by the heroes
-of Iuka and Corinth, Mississippi. Grant was in supreme command
-of the Federal corps in northern Mississippi. A movement was
-in operation against Vicksburg. Sherman was attempting to get into the
-rear of the city by the Chickasaw Bayou road which ran from the Yazoo
-battlefield to the Walnut Hills, six miles above the city. His column of
-thirty thousand men was defeated and driven back with dreadful slaughter
-on the twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth of December. Rosecranz was
-established at Nashville, while Bragg was putting his men into winter
-huts at Murfreesboro, Tennessee. The Federal troops enjoyed Christmas
-in camp and on the following morning, in a cold rain, the Army of the
-Cumberland advanced to Stone River where it enters the Cumberland
-River just above Nashville. At sunrise on the last day of 1862, Rosecranz&#39;s
-army met Bragg&#39;s forces with a deafening roar of artillery and
-musketry that fairly caused the earth to tremble. The fighting on both
-sides was of a determined character. The fields were literally covered
-with dead and dying men. Victory was claimed by both the Federals and
-the Confederates. Photographs are here shown of Chickasaw Bayou
-and the deadly Poison Spring on the battlefield; also an excellent portrait
-of the medical corps of the Army of the Potomac, in camp under
-charge of Dr. Jonathan Letterman, a prominent battlefield surgeon.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page57" id="page57"></a>[pg&nbsp;57]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">EVERY AMERICAN citizen pledges his &quot;life,
-fortune and sacred honor&quot; to the truth that &quot;all
-men are created free and equal,&quot; and that they
-are endowed by their Creator, with certain &quot;unalienable
-rights.&quot; It was fidelity to this oath, as sacred as life
-itself, that led the American people to rush &quot;to arms&quot; to
-defend it.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">The mobilization of a volunteer
-army, of freemen born and bred in the
-arts of peace, never was known until
-the new Republic of the Western Hemisphere
-championed the cause of Liberty
-and common manhood. Battle-trained
-monarchies declared that it could not
-be maintained; that the hundreds of
-thousands of men who were offering
-their services to their country could
-never stand the severe exposures and
-deprivations of warfare. The tongues
-of the Nations knew not what they were
-talking. These men were fighters, not
-by training or nature, but by an honest
-impulse of the heart they were patriots.
-It was not love of adventure that urged
-the strongest men of the North to leave
-home and family and shoulder a
-musket under the Stars and Stripes; nor
-was it a brutal love of combat that marshalled
-the best manhood of the South
-to the flag of the Confederacy. It was
-an impulse that no people had ever before
-felt. It was a sense of justice that
-was early kindled in the American Heart
-with the first tidings of the Declaration of Independence.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i089.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i089t.jpg" width="400" height="263" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">MAJOR-GENERAL AMBROSE EVERETT BURNSIDE ON HIS HORSE ON THE BATTLEFIELD IN 1863</p>
-
-<p class="indent"><small>One day during the interval between the defeat at Fredericksburg, Virginia, and the siege at Knoxville, Tennessee, General
-Burnside was mounted on his favorite charger, viewing his army maneuvers in the distance, when one of the Brady cameras was
-brought into focus and, with the General&#39;s permission, the negative was secured&mdash;General Burnside valued this photograph highly</small></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">While the anguish of the Civil War was brooding
-over the Nation, mountain and valley, plain and forest,
-farm and factory&mdash;from ocean to ocean&mdash;offered its strongest
-manhood in defense of the country. New York, the
-largest state in the Western World, sent the greatest
-number of men to the line of battle&mdash;448,850; then came
-Pennsylvania with 337,936; Ohio with 313,180, and
-Illinois with 259,092. Indiana came to the front with
-196,363; Massachusetts with 146,730, and Missouri
-brought 109,111.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Wisconsin offered 61,327 of her sons; Michigan,
-87,364; New Jersey, 76,814; Iowa, 76,242; Kentucky,
-75,760; Maine, 70,107, and Connecticut, 55,864.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Maryland marched under the Stars and Stripes with
-46,638; New Hampshire with 33,937, Vermont with
-33,288; West Virginia, 32,068; Tennessee, 31,092; Minnesota
-with 24,020; Rhode Island, 23,236, and Kansas,
-20,149.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">From the Pacific Coast, California answered with
-15,725; District of Columbia contributed 16,534 to the
-support of the Government; Delaware furnished 12,284
-men; Arkansas, 8,289; New Mexico,
-6,561. The Southern State of Louisiana,
-dear to the heart of the Confederacy,
-came to the support of the Union with
-5,224; Colorado with 4,903; Nebraska,
-3,157; North Carolina, 3,156; Alabama,
-2,576. The border state of Texas sent
-1,965; far-away Oregon, 1,810; Florida,
-1,290; Nevada, 1,080; Washington gave
-964; Mississippi, 545, and Dakota, 206.
-These are the contributions of the states.
-The Negro Race, the freedom of which
-was one of the results of the War, supported
-their cause with 186,097 troops,
-while the Indian Nation sent 3,530.
-In the regular army there were enlisted
-during the War about 67,000 men.
-There were thousands of brave soldiers
-who fought in the Civil War, claiming
-no Commonwealth as their home, but
-who joined the ranks as Common Americans.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">The spirit which animated the
-American People is shown by several
-occasions when troops were needed to
-avert impending disaster, and they
-poured into the army from remote states
-with incredible speed. The year 1863 witnessed the
-battles of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, of Vicksburg
-and Chickamauga and Chattanooga. It was the turning
-point in the struggle and Brady&#39;s cameras caught many
-of the most dramatic scenes worthy of reproduction.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page58" id="page58"></a>[pg&nbsp;58]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">&quot;FIGHTING Joe&quot; Hooker is
-one of the notable figures
-of the Civil War. When
-a boy of fourteen years,
-he entered West Point and served in
-the Mexican War in the same regiment
-with &quot;Stonewall&quot; Jackson. His
-early life was crowded with hard
-fighting and when thirty-nine years
-of age he resigned from the army and
-went to California, where he became
-superintendent of the National Road
-and also entered into agriculture. He
-answered the call to arms in 1861 and
-entered into the defense of Washington.
-During the battles around Fair
-Oaks, Hooker led his men courageously
-into many daring positions. His
-bravery at Malvern Hill gave him the
-rank of major-general, and at Antietam
-he fell wounded before the Confederate
-guns while trying to force
-the army into a complete surrender.
-He commanded the center at Fredericksburg.
-On the twenty-sixth of
-January, 1863, he was appointed to
-the command of the Army of the Potomac
-and began its thorough reorganization.
-On the twenty-eighth of
-April he crossed the Rappahannock
-and arrived at Chancellorsville two
-days later. On the second of May,
-a fearful onslaught was made by
-&quot;Stonewall&quot; Jackson&mdash;his old comrade
-of the Mexican War as a foe.
-&quot;Stonewall&quot; Jackson was wounded by
-one of his own sentinels. His men,
-who were devoted to him, lost heart,
-and, after a battle of three days,
-Hooker succeeded in withdrawing his
-army in safety, after losses in killed,
-wounded and missing of 16,030
-against a Confederate loss of 12,281.
-This photograph of Hooker and his
-staff was taken shortly after this battle
-at Chancellorsville. Hooker may
-be seen sitting in the second chair
-from the right. This is considered an
-excellent likeness of the warrior.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i090.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i090t.jpg" width="400" height="306" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN SHORTLY AFTER THE BATTLE OF CHANCELLORSVILLE IN 1863&mdash;MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER AND STAFF</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page59" id="page59"></a>[pg&nbsp;59]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i091.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i091t.jpg" width="400" height="310" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ALONG LINE OF CONFEDERATE PRISONERS AFTER CAVALRY CHARGE IN 1863</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">THE retreat from Chancellorsville
-began on the fourth of
-May, in 1863. In the midst
-of a pouring rain, with ammunition
-wagons and cavalry struggling
-hub-deep through the mud, the
-Federals moved back to the Rappahannock.
-The ponderous batteries,
-with heavy wheels wrapped in blankets,
-passed over the road. Then
-came the ordnance supply trains,
-swathed in strips of cloth, followed
-by columns of hurrying infantry.
-During the remainder of May, neither
-of the armies assumed an offensive
-attitude. Lee, now in high hopes, began
-preparations for a second invasion
-in Maryland. Panic again seized
-the people of the North. Lincoln
-called on Pennsylvania for 50,000
-militia; Ohio, 30,000; New York,
-20,000; Maryland and Virginia,
-10,000 each. The Army of the Potomac
-had lost all of its two years&#39; service
-men and its strength did not
-reach 100,000. The Confederacy had
-been endeavoring for months to induce
-England to recognize it as a separate
-nation, but learned that it must
-first conquer Northern territory.
-Lee&#39;s movements began early in June
-and resulted in frequent skirmishes as
-he approached the Potomac. This
-photograph was taken immediately
-after one of these encounters at Aldie,
-Virginia, on the seventeenth of June,
-1863. The Confederate cavalry, under
-&quot;Jeb&quot; Stuart, was guarding the
-passes of the Bull Run mountains and
-watching Hooker&#39;s Army. There was
-a succession of cavalry combats and
-many Confederates were taken prisoners.
-This view shows a group of
-Confederates under a Union guard
-composed largely of negro soldiers.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page60" id="page60"></a>[pg&nbsp;60]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">IN the stirring scenes of war there
-is nothing more exciting than to
-see a battery take position in
-battle. On the sixth of June,
-in 1863, this picture was secured by
-the government photographers just as
-the artillery was going into action on
-the south bank of the Rappahannock
-River. It is one of the earliest
-attempts to secure a photograph at
-the instant of motion and was taken
-at a strategic moment during Sedgwick&#39;s
-reconnaissance. An artilleryman
-who remembers the day says that
-while a battery has not the thrill of
-the cavalry charge, nor the grimness
-of a line of bayonets moving to
-slaughter, there is an intense emotion
-about it that brings the tears to the
-eyes and the cheers to the throats of
-battle-scarred veterans. Every horse
-on the gallop, every rider lashing his
-team and yelling; through ugly
-clumps of bushes; over fallen logs
-and falling men&mdash;the sight is one that
-can never be forgotten. The guns
-jump from the ground as the heavy
-wheels strike a rock or lunge from a
-ditch, but not a horse slackens his
-pace, not a cannoneer loses his seat.
-Six guns, six caissons, sixty horses,
-eighty men race for the brow of the
-hill. Boom! Boom! The ground
-shakes and trembles. The roar shuts
-out all sound from a line several miles
-long. Shells shriek through the
-swamps, cutting down great trees,
-mowing deep gaps in regiments of
-men. It is like a tornado howling
-through the forest, followed by billows
-of fire. There are men to-day
-who will look upon this picture and
-live again the scenes which it recalls.
-Artillery is the great support of armies
-and often saves them from defeat.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i092.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i092t.jpg" width="400" height="279" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS ARTILLERY WAS GOING INTO ACTION ON THE RAPPAHANNOCK IN 1863</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page61" id="page61"></a>[pg&nbsp;61]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i093.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i093t.jpg" width="400" height="309" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE CAPTAIN GEORGE A. CUSTER AND MAJOR-GENERAL ALFRED PLEASONTON WERE AT BRANDY STATION, VIRGINIA, IN 1863</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">THERE have been few men in
-American wars more daring
-than General George A. Custer.
-As a cavalryman, he
-won a place in military history by his
-bravery. Custer was a captain on the
-staff of General Pleasonton during
-the operations early in 1863. This
-photograph was taken near Brandy
-Station, Virginia, in June, 1863. It
-shows Custer on his black war-horse
-conferring with Pleasonton who is
-astride a gray charger. The Confederate
-cavalry had succeeded in breaking
-a part of the Federal rank.
-Pleasonton turned in his saddle and
-called to Custer: &quot;Ride to our right
-and get the battery in position to reply
-to these infernal guns.&quot; Custer spurred
-his horse into the thunder of cannon
-and the crash of musket and carbine
-volleys. &quot;The man is lost,&quot; muttered
-Pleasonton. Suddenly, emerging
-from the bank of smoke, the
-Union batteries wheeled into view
-under the rapid fire. Custer dashed
-across the field. From that moment
-he became a notable figure in the
-war. He was then but twenty-three
-years of age, but was immediately
-appointed by Lincoln a brigadier-general
-of volunteers. In speaking of
-him, General Pleasonton said: &quot;I regard
-Custer as one of the finest cavalry
-officers in the world, and, therefore,
-have placed him in command of
-what is no doubt the best cavalry brigade
-in the world.&quot; Custer was
-about six feet tall, with sharp blue
-eyes, and light hair hanging over his
-shoulders. He had a slight impediment
-in his speech and uttered a shrill
-yell as he rushed like an avalanche at
-his foe. He wore a black velvet jacket,
-slouched hat and a red scarf cravat.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page62" id="page62"></a>[pg&nbsp;62]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THE Army of the Potomac lay
-massed about the city of
-Frederick. Lee was rushing
-toward the Susquehanna.
-Hooker disagreed with Halleck at
-Washington regarding his method of
-attack and resigned his command, requesting
-instant release from further
-responsibility. Lincoln accepted the
-resignation and appointed General
-George G. Meade to the chief command.
-In the midst of this momentous
-campaign the great army changed
-leaders. This photograph was taken
-shortly after Meade began his operations.
-It shows him with his generals
-of the Army of the Potomac. Meade
-occupies the chair in the center of the
-picture. At this time he was about
-forty-eight years of age. He had
-graduated from West Point when
-nineteen years old, but resigned the
-following year and remained out of
-the army for the next six years, but
-returned in the period preceding the
-Mexican War, after which he was engaged
-in the survey of the northern
-lakes. He was one of the first to respond
-to the call in 1861. He took
-part in the early engagements of the
-Army of the Potomac and was in the
-Battle of Mechanicsville and Gaine&#39;s
-Mills and the Battle of Newmarket
-Crossroads. When Hooker was
-wounded at Antietam, Meade took
-charge of a corps and continued the
-brave fight during the remainder of
-the day. He had two horses killed
-under him and was slightly wounded,
-but did not leave the field. At Fredericksburg
-he led his men boldly to
-the Confederate works. In the Battle
-of Chancellorsville, Meade&#39;s corps
-carried the earth-works and fought
-fearlessly. On the twenty-eighth
-day of June, in 1863, Meade
-assumed command of the Army of the
-Potomac. The tide of battle seemed
-to turn with his appointment and his
-victories are almost unparalleled.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i094.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i094t.jpg" width="400" height="296" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHEN MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE G. MEADE COMMANDED THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page63" id="page63"></a>[pg&nbsp;63]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i095.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i095t.jpg" width="400" height="307" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ON THE FIELD OF GETTYSBURG AFTER THE BATTLE IN 1863</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">THE turning point of the Civil
-War is the Battle of Gettysburg.
-From that day the
-Confederate cause began to
-wane. Few battles of modern times
-show such great percentage of loss.
-Out of the one hundred and sixty
-thousand men engaged on both sides,
-forty-four thousand were killed or
-wounded. Brady&#39;s cameras reached
-the field of battle in time to perpetuate
-some of its scenes. The ghastliness
-of the pictures is such that it is with
-some hesitation that any of them are
-presented in these pages. It is on the
-horrors of war, however, that all pleas
-of peace are based. Only by depicting
-its gruesomeness can the age of
-arbitration be hastened. It is with
-this in mind that this photograph is
-here revealed. There is probably not
-another in existence that witnesses
-more fearful tragedy. The photograph
-is taken on the field of Gettysburg
-about nineteen hours after the
-last day&#39;s battle. It shows a Union
-soldier terribly mutilated by a shell of
-a Confederate gun. His arm is torn
-off and may be seen on the ground
-near his musket. The shell that killed
-this soldier disemboweled him in its
-fiendishness. This picture is as wonderful
-as it is horrible and should do
-more in the interest of peace than
-any possible argument. Something
-of the bloodshed on the battlefield of
-Gettysburg may be understood when
-it is considered that the battlefield,
-which covered nearly twenty-five
-square miles, was literally strewn with
-dead bodies, many of them mutilated
-even worse than the one in this picture.
-The surviving veterans of Gettysburg
-have seen war&#39;s most horrible
-aspects. Gallant and daring commanders
-led those brave men in that
-three days&#39; inferno, from the first
-to the third of July, in 1863.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page64" id="page64"></a>[pg&nbsp;64]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i096.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i096t.jpg" width="400" height="169" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BOROUGH OF GETTYSBURG IN 1863&mdash;SCENE OF ONE OF WORLD&#39;S GREATEST CONFLICTS</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i097.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i097t.jpg" width="374" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">MEADE&#39;S HEADQUARTERS ON CEMETERY RIDGE</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">GETTYSBURG witnessed
-some of the hardest fighting
-that the world has ever
-seen. This photograph was
-taken a short time after the battle in
-1863. This little borough became a
-field of carnage. In the surrounding
-hills occurred the terrific conflict of
-Big Round Top and Little Round
-Top, Seminary Ridge and Cemetery
-Ridge, and Culp&#39;s Hill, the Bloody
-Wheatfield and Peach Orchard. A
-view is given of the little house in
-which General Meade made his headquarters.
-On the first day of battle
-this house was in direct range of the
-artillery fire rained by the Confederates
-on the Union lines just before
-Pickett&#39;s great charge. The horses
-of General Meade&#39;s aides were
-hitched to the fence and trees near the
-house. Sixteen of these horses were
-killed during the artillery fire, and
-their dead bodies are seen in the road.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i098.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i098t.jpg" width="365" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">LEE&#39;S HEADQUARTERS ON SEMINARY RIDGE</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page65" id="page65"></a>[pg&nbsp;65]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i099.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i099t.jpg" width="400" height="169" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">DEAD ARTILLERY HORSES AFTER FIGHT AT TROSTLE&#39;S HOUSE AND BARN IN GETTYSBURG</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i100.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i100t.jpg" width="400" height="399" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">CONFEDERATE DEAD ON GETTYSBURG &quot;WHEATFIELD&quot;</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">SOME knowledge of the slaughter
-of Gettysburg may be
-gained by this picture of Trostle&#39;s
-house and barn at which
-was stationed a Union battery of light
-artillery. This view shows where
-the guns stood. Sixty-five of the
-eighty-eight artillery horses were left
-dead on the field. About this time,
-on the last day of the greatest battle
-of the war, Pickett made his fierce
-charge, which is one of the mightiest
-in history. It was witnessed by the
-two great armies in the middle of the
-afternoon of a summer day&mdash;a most
-spectacular tragedy of magnificent
-courage. It has been said that Gettysburg
-was the common soldier&#39;s battle
-and that its great results were due,
-not so much to military strategy as to
-the intelligent courage and the magnificent
-heroism of the brave soldiers.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i101.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i101.jpg" width="395" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">SHATTERED CAISSON&mdash;GETTYSBURG &quot;PEACH ORCHARD&quot;</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page66" id="page66"></a>[pg&nbsp;66]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i102.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i102t.jpg" width="400" height="272" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">DEAD AMONG THE ROCKS OF LITTLE ROUND TOP ON GETTYSBURG BATTLEFIELD</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i103.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i103t.jpg" width="400" height="269" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">DEAD SHARPSHOOTER IN &quot;DEVIL&#39;S DEN&quot; ON LITTLE ROUND TOP AT GETTYSBURG</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i104.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i104t.jpg" width="400" height="303" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">UNCOVERED CONFEDERATE GRAVE AT GETTYSBURG</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">GETTYSBURG is the &quot;Waterloo
-of the American Continent.&quot;
-A photograph is
-here shown of the dead soldiers
-lying on the battlefield. To silence
-Hazlett&#39;s Battery, which was
-posted on the summit of Little Round
-Top, the Confederates pushed their
-sharpshooters among the rocks in the
-mountain. A few hours before these
-photographs were taken one of these
-sharpshooters mortally wounded General
-Weed, who was directing the
-movement of his troops from the summit.
-Lieutenant Hazlett, who was an
-old schoolmate of the fallen general,
-was commanding the battery and hastened
-to take the dying words of his
-friend and comrade, when he, too, fell
-dead, pierced by a bullet from the
-dread sharpshooters. Like a flash the
-guns of the battery were turned on
-the &quot;Devil&#39;s Den&quot; from which came
-the fatal shots as this picture attests.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i105.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i105t.jpg" width="400" height="316" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">CONFEDERATE DEAD IN &quot;WHEATFIELD&quot; AT GETTYSBURG</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page67" id="page67"></a>[pg&nbsp;67]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i106.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i106t.jpg" width="400" height="273" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">EARTHWORKS AT CULP&#39;S HILL AT GETTYSBURG IN 1863</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i107.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i107t.jpg" width="400" height="256" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">TENTS ALONG RIVER FRONT AT VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI, IN 1863</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i108.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i108t.jpg" width="400" height="276" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BATTLEFIELD OF BIG BLACK RIVER IN MISSISSIPPI IN 1863</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">AS the tide of battle drifted to the West in 1863, the war photographers hurried to the region
-of the Mississippi. Grant had been pursuing his operations toward Vicksburg. With
-Sherman and McClernand, he was maneuvering to take the key to the South by storm.
-A photograph is here shown of Champion Hills near Big Black River territory, on the outskirts
-of Vicksburg, where the armies first met. The Confederates held a strong line of earthworks
-on the eastern bank of the river. The Federals, before a heavy fire of musketry, crossed a
-ditch, delivered a terrific volley, and clambered over the breastworks with empty muskets.
-The Confederates, in falling back, found that their comrades had set fire to both of the bridges
-and were compelled to surrender. Two thousand prisoners, eighteen pieces of artillery, six
-thousand stand of small arms, and many commissary stores were captured. General Lawler&#39;s
-Brigade led the charge. The battle lasted four hours. On the eighteenth of May, 1863, the
-Federals began crossing the Big Black by felling trees on both banks so that they tumbled
-into the river and interlaced, using bales of cotton instead of boats. On the morning of
-the twenty-second, with furious cannonading, the last assault on the defences of Vicksburg was
-made. This campaign is a remarkable military exploit. In twenty days Grant crossed the
-Mississippi River with his entire force, moved into the rear of Vicksburg, fought and won four
-distinct battles, captured the State Capitol, and destroyed the Confederate arsenals and manufactories.
-His troops marched one hundred eighty miles with only five days&#39; rations from the
-quartermaster, and captured over six thousand prisoners, twenty-seven cannon and sixty-one
-field pieces. All this was accomplished by forty thousand brave men against sixty thousand.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page68" id="page68"></a>[pg&nbsp;68]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i109.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i109t.jpg" width="400" height="274" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BOMB-PROOF CAMP IN UNION LINES IN FRONT OF VICKSBURG</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i110.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i110t.jpg" width="400" height="256" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BEHIND THE ENTRENCHMENT AT BATTERY SHERMAN BEFORE VICKSBURG</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">THE Confederate works held by Pemberton at Vicksburg
-were seven miles long. Grant&#39;s lines about the city
-extended over fifteen miles. Commander Porter brought
-down all his mortar boats on the Mississippi and began a
-fusilade of six thousand mortar shells a day, while the land
-batteries threw four thousand. In the meantime, famine stalked
-through Vicksburg on the thirty-sixth day of the siege. Mule
-and dog meat, with bean flour and corn coffee formed the daily
-fare. The earth trembled under the concussions from the Army
-and Navy cannon and the entire forest was set on fire. The Confederate
-general, on the morning of July third, proposed an armistice,
-preparatory to recapitulation. Grant met the Confederate
-commander under an oak tree. At ten o&#39;clock on the morning of
-July fourth, General Logan began a march into Vicksburg and
-hoisted the American ensign over the court-house. The fall of
-Vicksburg and the defeat of Lee at Gettysburg occurred on the
-same day and lifted the hearts of the Northern people to a sense
-of thanksgiving, for it was believed that the war was now over.
-During the siege the Confederate loss was fifty-six thousand men.
-Grant captured more than sixty thousand muskets, light and
-heavy artillery, with a vast amount of other property, such as
-locomotives, cars, steamboats and cotton. The Federal loss during
-the siege was about 9,000 killed, wounded and missing.
-The war cameras followed the Union Army into the captured city
-and the old negatives vividly picture the conditions. A camera
-was taken to the bomb-proof quarters of Logan&#39;s Division and
-into Battery Sherman. These negatives are here reproduced.
-About this same time several cameras were taken into the far
-South and one of the first negatives was taken at Big Black River
-Station in Mississippi and another at New Orleans when the commissioned
-officers of the 19th Iowa Infantry were being brought
-in from Camp Ford, Texas, as exchanged prisoners of war.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i111.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i111t.jpg" width="400" height="213" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PRISONERS OF WAR FROM TEXAS</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i112.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i112t.jpg" width="400" height="254" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BIG BLACK RIVER STATION IN MISSISSIPPI</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page69" id="page69"></a>[pg&nbsp;69]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i113.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i113t.jpg" width="400" height="228" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BOMB-PROOF AT FORT WAGNER UNDER HEAVY FIRE IN 1863</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">THE Government at Washington believed that it was now time to
-secure the reparation for the firing on Fort Sumter which had
-precipitated the War. Sumter, during the entire conflict had
-been the center of a radius of forts which now had over three
-hundred guns mostly of the heaviest caliber. It held a strong position
-on the Atlantic Coast and protected the land movements about
-South Carolina. Fort Sumter barred the main channel. On Sullivan&#39;s
-Island were Fort Moultrie, Fort Beauregard, Battery Bee
-and sand bag batteries at the extremity. On James Island stood
-Fort Johnson, Fort Ripley and smaller forts. Castle Pinckney lay
-in front of the city, and on Morris Island there were Battery Gregg,
-Fort Wagner, and a battery on Lighthouse Inlet. All the channels
-were blocked with huge iron chains, and an immense hawser buoyed
-with empty casks, extended from Fort Sumter to Fort Ripley, the
-entire harbor being blocked with torpedoes. Brady&#39;s cameras lay in
-the Union lines and occasionally were ventured toward the Confederate
-fortifications. Many negatives of exteriors were obtained at a distance.
-After the forts fell into the Government control the cameras
-were taken behind the breast-works. These remarkable negatives are
-now exhibited and reveal the secrets of the Confederates. The picture
-of the bomb-proof at Fort Wagner, under heavy fire in 1863,
-reveals the ingenuity of the engineers in both armies in utilizing
-every available substance in protecting the soldiers. The Confederates
-constructed many strong fortifications and they fell only under the
-severest bombardment from the heaviest guns of the Federal troops.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i114.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i114t.jpg" width="369" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">FORT JOHNSON ON JAMES&#39; ISLAND IN 1863</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i115.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i115t.jpg" width="383" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">FORT MARSHALL ON SULLIVAN&#39;S ISLAND IN 1863</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i116.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i116t.jpg" width="400" height="396" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">INTERIOR OF FORT MOULTRIE ON SULLIVAN&#39;S ISLAND</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page70" id="page70"></a>[pg&nbsp;70]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i117.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i117t.jpg" width="400" height="243" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">300-POUNDER PARROTT GUN IN BATTERY STRONG AFTER BURSTING OF MUZZLE</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i118.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i118t.jpg" width="400" height="241" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BATTERY BROWN&mdash;TWO 8-INCH PARROTT RIFLES, ONE OF WHICH BURST DURING BOMBARDMENT</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i119.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i119t.jpg" width="400" height="246" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">FIVE 10-INCH SIEGE MORTARS IN BATTERY REYNOLDS FIRING AGAINST FORT SUMTER</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i120.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i120t.jpg" width="400" height="236" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">NAVAL BATTERY OF TWO 80-P0UNDER WHITWORTH&#39;S&mdash;BREECHING BATTERY AGAINST FORT SUMTER</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page71" id="page71"></a>[pg&nbsp;71]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i121.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i121t.jpg" width="400" height="240" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">SECTION OF BIRCHMEYER&#39;S BATTERY IN SECOND PARALLEL</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i122.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i122t.jpg" width="400" height="245" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">FORT SUMTER IN RUINS AFTER BOMBARDMENT IN 1863</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i123.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i123t.jpg" width="400" height="232" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">MAJOR-GENERAL QUINCY A. GILLMORE AND STAFF IN 1863</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">EARLY in 1863 the Government decided that Fort Sumter must be reduced. Admiral Dahlgren
-was given full charge of the undertaking. On the eighteenth of July, the land forces
-under General Quincy A. Gillmore began siege. He erected batteries across Morris Island
-and commenced fire on Fort Wagner while Dahlgren attacked both Fort Wagner and Fort Sumter.
-Fort Wagner responded with only two guns which led Gillmore to believe that the Confederates
-were demoralized. The Federal troops were within two hundred yards of the fort before the
-Confederates opened grape fire. A flash of musketry blazed from the parapet. The daring Federals
-rushed at the fort and clambered up the exterior slope. It was here that Joseph Alvan
-Wooster, color bearer for the Sixth Connecticut, performed the valiant deed that cost him his life.
-He climbed along in advance of the line and triumphantly placed his flag on the parapet. A Confederate
-soldier sprang forward and placed the muzzle of his musket on Wooster&#39;s heart and fired.
-General Putnam rushed to the rescue with a brigade, only to be killed, with nearly every commissioned
-officer in his command. The remnants of Strong&#39;s and Putnam&#39;s command retired,
-having lost over half of their strength. General Gillmore, and his staff, in charge of the land
-forces at Charleston allowed the war photographers to turn the lens on them in camp. The
-general was born in Black River, Loraine County, Ohio, and had graduated from West Point. In
-1861 he was placed on General W. T. Sherman&#39;s staff on the South Carolina Expedition. During
-February, 1862, he commenced operations for the attack of Fort Pulaski, on the Savannah River,
-Georgia. On April 28, 1862, he was promoted to a brigadier-generalship of volunteers. In September,
-1862, he was ordered to the West as Commander of the District of Western Virginia, of the
-Department of the Ohio. He was afterwards assigned to the command of one of the Divisions of
-the Army of Kentucky. He assumed command of Department of South Carolina June 12, 1863.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page72" id="page72"></a>[pg&nbsp;72]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i124.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i124t.jpg" width="400" height="264" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">THE 8-INCH PARROTT RIFLE GUN. &quot;SWAMP ANGEL&quot; AFTER BURSTING</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">ON the ninth of August the Federal cannon were within three hundred and thirty yards
-of Fort Wagner and the guns were trained on Fort Sumter and Battery Gregg. General
-Gillmore had a small battery placed in a marsh west of Morris Island, on which was an
-eight-inch Parrott Gun nick-named the &quot;Swamp Angel.&quot; It had a range of five miles and threw
-its enormous shells into the city of Charleston. The Confederate fortifications were reinforced by
-General Beauregard and maintained a continuous fire from over two hundred guns. On the
-seventeenth of August, Gillmore had twelve heavy guns on Morris Island, and the simultaneous
-assault by batteries and infantry was directed against Fort Sumter. For seven days this terrible
-fusilade continued. Over one hundred thousand shells and shot were thrown into the fort which
-was battered into ruins. The bombardment of Fort Sumter was begun on the fifth of September
-and continued for forty-two hours. An assault was planned for the ninth, but when daylight
-came it was found that several forts were abandoned. It was supposed that Fort Sumter was
-tenantless. A boat load of soldiers was sent to take possession. As they landed, a terrific volley
-of musketry was fired. The Confederates fought like tigers from covered positions in the ruins of
-the fort. The Federals abandoned the attempt without further molestation, satisfied with the
-destruction they had wrought and the successful blockade of Charleston Harbor. The views engraved
-by the lens on these pages lay the actual scenes of destruction before the eyes of the world.
-The &quot;Swamp Angel&quot; was one of the demons of war. Piles were driven, a platform was laid upon
-them, and a parapet was built with bags of sand, fifteen thousand being required. All this had to
-be done after dark, and occupied fourteen nights. Then, with great labor, the eight-inch rifled
-gun was dragged across the swamp and mounted on this platform. It was nearly five miles from
-Charleston, but by firing with a high elevation was able to reach the lower part of the city. The
-soldiers named this gun the &quot;Swamp Angel.&quot; Late in August it was ready for work, and, after
-giving notice for the removal of non-combatants, General Gillmore opened fire, and produced great
-consternation, but at the thirty-sixth discharge the &quot;Swamp Angel&quot; burst, and was never replaced.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i125.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i125t.jpg" width="351" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BATTERED EXTERIOR OF FORT SUMTER</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i126.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i126t.jpg" width="350" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">DESTRUCTION AFTER BOMBARDMENT OF SUMTER</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i127.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i127t.jpg" width="400" height="392" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">WRECKED INTERIOR OF FORT SUMTER</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i128.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i128t.jpg" width="400" height="388" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">DISMOUNTED CANNON AT FORT SUMTER</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page73" id="page73"></a>[pg&nbsp;73]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i129.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i129t.jpg" width="400" height="280" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">DESTROYED RAILROAD BRIDGE, BRIDGEPORT, ALABAMA&mdash;PONTOON IN COURSE OF CONSTRUCTION</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i130.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i130t.jpg" width="400" height="284" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BLOCKHOUSES AND ARMY BRIDGE ACROSS TENNESSEE RIVER NEAR CHATTANOOGA</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i131.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i131t.jpg" width="400" height="277" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">ON BATTLEFIELD OF CHICKAMAUGA CREEK&mdash;LEE AND GORDON&#39;S MILLS</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">WHEN Vicksburg fell, the cheering along the Federal lines in the Mississippi
-Campaign aroused the attention of the Confederate pickets until
-it was carried clear through to Louisiana, where the Confederate
-forces were concentrated at Port Hudson. General Banks had succeeded
-Butler at New Orleans and was co-operating with Grant on the Mississippi
-to take possession of the Red River region and expel the Confederate forces from
-Louisiana and Texas. The siege of Port Hudson had been hard fought. The
-Confederates under General Gardner agreed that if Vicksburg had fallen their
-surrender was the only thing left for them. On the ninth of July, in 1863, the
-Confederate general at Port Hudson with visible emotion tendered his sword.
-It was declined because his bravery entitled him to retain it. The Federals were
-now in the entire possession of the Mississippi. While Grant&#39;s Army had been
-pounding at the gates of Vicksburg, Rosecranz was maneuvering with Bragg at
-Murfreesboro, Tennessee. For six months these two armies stood confronted,
-but met only in severe skirmishes. Rosecranz compelled Bragg to fall back from
-one place to another. He was driven through middle Tennessee, to Bridgeport,
-Alabama, where he crossed the Tennessee River, burned the bridge behind him
-and entered Chattanooga. The Brady cameras were in the Union lines and
-arrived in time to secure this negative of the ruined bridge and the pontoon bridge
-that was being built by the Union forces in pursuit of Bragg. A clash came at
-Chickamauga, a point about twelve miles from Chattanooga, on the nineteenth
-and twentieth of September, in 1863. It has been called the greatest battle of the
-West. The cannonading and the musketry was at close range and the Federal
-lines were being swept back when General Thomas and his men made the heroic
-stand that saved the Federal Army from destruction, after a loss of 15,851, killed,
-wounded and missing. The Confederate victory was gained at the cost of 17,804.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page74" id="page74"></a>[pg&nbsp;74]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i132.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i132t.jpg" width="400" height="170" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BATTLEGROUND OF MISSIONARY RIDGE NEAR CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE, TWO DAYS AFTER BATTLE</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i133.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i133t.jpg" width="400" height="399" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">CONFEDERATE PRISONERS AT CHATTANOOGA</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">CHICKAMAUGA has been
-called the greatest battle in
-the West. When the smoke
-of the conflict had lifted, the
-war photographers found the Federal
-Army closed up in Chattanooga. The
-Confederate general moved to cut off
-all communication to the Federal
-lines, seizing roads, destroying the
-bridges and preventing access to
-Nashville where the base of supplies
-had been located. The Army of the
-Cumberland was reduced to the verge
-of starvation. Not less than 10,000
-horses and mules perished. Grant
-was given command of the department
-of the Mississippi, comprising
-the armies and departments of the
-Ohio, Tennessee and Cumberland.
-He telegraphed to Thomas: &quot;Hold
-Chattanooga at all hazards.&quot; The
-hero of Chattanooga replied: &quot;I will
-hold the town until we starve.&quot;</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i134.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i134.jpg" width="400" height="385" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BLOCKHOUSES NEAR CHATTANOOGA</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page75" id="page75"></a>[pg&nbsp;75]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i135.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i135t.jpg" width="246" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT IN MISSISSIPPI CAMPAIGN, 1863</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i136.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i136t.jpg" width="400" height="256" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">&quot;BATTLE ABOVE THE CLOUDS&quot; ON LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN IN TENNESSEE&mdash;ENGINEERS OF ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND IN CAMP</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">THE war cameras reached Nashville on the same day that
-Grant entered the city, October 21, 1863, and followed
-him closely throughout the campaign. Grant hurried to
-Chattanooga and found the troops without shoes or clothing,
-and all food exhausted. He telegraphed to Burnside to hold
-Knoxville and appealed to Admiral Porter at Cairo to send gunboats
-to convey transports carrying rations from St. Louis for
-Sherman&#39;s Army, which was moving up from the Mississippi.
-Bragg was entrenched on Missionary Ridge, extending along the
-crest and across Chattanooga Valley to Lookout Mountain. The
-Confederate fortifications were very strong and their lines
-reached over the Raccoon Mountain. The war cameras were
-taken to the foothills of Lookout Mountain, where an engineers&#39;
-brigade of the Army of the Cumberland was encamped. Grant
-succumbed to appeals to stand before the camera and the negative
-is here reproduced. The haggard expression on his face
-shows the tremendous responsibility that rested upon him. On
-the twenty-third of November, in 1863, long lines of infantry
-moved forward and the heavy guns opened fire. The Federal
-lines flashed across the valley sweeping everything before them,
-pushing the Confederate skirmish line from their rifle pits, to
-the foothills of Lookout Mountain. On the twenty-fourth,
-Grant stood on the top of Orchard Knob, watching Hooker&#39;s men
-rush to the side of Lookout Mountain, leaping from one rocky
-ledge to another, scrambling over huge boulders, and through deep
-chasms in a rain of solid shot and shell. They charged almost
-to the muzzle of the enemy&#39;s cannon, gaining ground foot by
-foot, until at last they reached the foot of the Palisades, and were
-finally lost in the mist that veiled the mountain. For three hours
-the battle raged above the clouds. At sunset the mist disappeared
-and moonlight fell on old Lookout. The Confederate
-forces could be seen occupying the summit. Hooker&#39;s men scaled
-the Palisades. The Confederates withdrew into the woods and
-sought the protection of the night. At sunrise, on the twenty-fifth
-of November, these Kentucky soldiers unfurled the Stars
-and Stripes. A great cheer arose from the army in the valley.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page76" id="page76"></a>[pg&nbsp;76]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THE Battle of Lookout Mountain is the most spectacular in history. It was
-impossible to carry the war camera over its rugged heights. Had they
-succeeded in getting to the summit, the mist that enveloped the valley
-would have made it impossible to have secured a single scene of the great
-conflict. The Federals occupied a strong position on the mountain, looking across
-the Chattanooga Valley to Missionary Ridge, where Bragg had concentrated his
-entire army. The twenty-fifth of November was a magnificent day. Seldom has
-a battle begun under a brighter sun. The Confederate artillery frowned from
-the summit of Missionary Ridge. The glittering steel of Hooker&#39;s men flashed
-on Lookout Mountain. The Cumberland veterans under Thomas were a solemn
-phalanx in the valley while Sherman&#39;s compact lines were eager for the
-charge. On the top of Orchard Knob stood Grant&#39;s bugler and the echoes of the
-&quot;Forward&quot; signal fell into the valley, being taken up by the other buglers in melodious
-refrain. Hooker&#39;s men moved down the eastern slope of Lookout Mountain,
-sweeping across the valley in grand lines. Bragg&#39;s batteries were centered
-on Sherman, who swept his men heroically forward over a succession of low hills.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i137.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i137t.jpg" width="400" height="253" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">GENERALS GRANT, SHERMAN, SHERIDAN, HOOKER, HARNEY, DODGE, GIBBON, POTTER, AT FORT SANDERS</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i138.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i138t.jpg" width="400" height="254" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY CAPTURED AT MISSIONARY RIDGE&mdash;PARKED NEAR CHATTANOOGA</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">UNDER fire from the Confederates, Corse&#39;s Brigade struggled desperately
-for an hour and a half without gaining advantage, while Generals Loomis
-and Smith took possession of Missionary Ridge. At two in the afternoon
-occurred one of the most impressing spectacles ever witnessed on a battlefield.
-Union soldiers with fixed bayonets rushed into the storm of shell without
-firing a shot until after the skirmish line had been taken and the Sixth Brigade
-swept over the Confederate rifle pits. The men flung themselves to the earth to
-avoid the volleys of canister, grape and musketry that were hurled upon them. At
-sunset Sherman held Bragg&#39;s right in check; Hooker was driving at his left. The
-final assault on his center was begun and in twenty minutes Missionary Ridge was
-belching flames. Every Confederate gun and cannon was in action. The Federal
-soldiers rushed into the very mouth of death, reaching the crest, breaching the
-Confederate lines until they gave way and retreated. The cannon which they abandoned
-were swung and turned upon them. The victory had cost the Union Army
-5,616, killed, wounded and missing, against a Confederate loss of 8,684.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page77" id="page77"></a>[pg&nbsp;77]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THE siege of Knoxville, Tennessee,
-was raised late in 1863.
-When the news of Bragg&#39;s
-defeat at Chattanooga
-reached Longstreet, who was besieging
-Knoxville, he knew that Grant
-would now send Burnside relief.
-Bragg decided to carry the city by
-storm. The attack was to be made
-on Fort Sanders, a Federal fort of
-great strength, containing twenty-six
-guns. The Confederate columns
-forced their way through a network
-of wire that had been wound
-from stump to stump, until they
-finally reached the parapet. A Confederate
-officer sprang to the summit
-with the flag of his regiment and demanded
-surrender. Pierced by a
-shower of bullets, his body rolled into
-the ditch, his hand clutching the flagstaff.
-The Confederates charged
-again only to be repulsed. Under a
-flag of truce the fighting ceased
-while Longstreet&#39;s men carried away
-their dead, dying and wounded. Grant
-had ordered twenty thousand men under
-General Granger to the rescue of
-the besieged city, but they failed to
-start, and Sherman hurried to the
-relief. He reached Knoxville on the
-fifth of December and found the siege
-reduced and Longstreet had started
-for Virginia. Sherman&#39;s troops
-had marched four hundred miles to
-fight at Chattanooga, then marched
-one hundred and two miles to compel
-the Confederates to retire from Knoxville.
-When the news reached the
-North, Grant was hailed as the Nation&#39;s
-saviour. Congress bestowed
-upon him a gold medal, while Bragg,
-the Confederate general, went down
-before a storm of indignation in the
-South. One of the war cameras
-shortly after the battle was placed on
-the parapet of Fort Sanders, and
-this negative of the ruins was taken,
-showing the University of Tennessee.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i139.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i139t.jpg" width="400" height="283" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN OVER THE RUINS AT KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE, IN 1863, FROM FORT SANDERS</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page78" id="page78"></a>[pg&nbsp;78]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i140.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i140t.jpg" width="400" height="289" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">LIBBY PRISON AT RICHMOND CROWDED WITH UNION PRISONERS IN 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i141.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i141t.jpg" width="400" height="268" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">ANDERSONVILLE PRISON WITH ITS &quot;DEAD LINE&quot; AND &quot;BROOK&quot;</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">IT is estimated that 188,000 Union soldiers and sailors endured the hardships of
-the sixteen Confederate prisons during the Civil War. In the prison yards are
-36,401 graves. 11,599 of those released from prisons died before reaching their
-homes, and 12,000 after reaching home&mdash;making 60,000 lives sacrificed in Confederate
-prisons. Several estimates place the deaths as high as 80,000. Strange as it
-may seem, the war photographers succeeded in taking their cameras behind prison
-walls. Three of these remarkable negatives are here revealed. The first one was taken
-at Libby prison, Richmond, where most of the commissioned officers were confined.
-In Libby, men were often shot for approaching near enough to a window for a sentry
-to see their heads. The other two were secured within the &quot;dead line&quot; at Andersonville
-prison in Georgia. It was an open stockade with little or no shelter, covering
-about 30 acres. The palisade was of pine logs 15 feet high, closely set together.
-Outside of this, at a distance of 120 feet, was another palisade, and between the two
-were the guards. About 20 feet from the inner stockade was a railing known as the
-&quot;dead line,&quot; and any prisoner who passed it was instantly shot. A small stream
-flowed through the enclosure and furnished the prisoners their only supply of water.
-The cook houses and camp of the guards were placed on this stream, above the
-stockade. Starvation and disease drove many of the prisoners mad and they wandered
-across the &quot;dead line&quot; to end their misery. Fugitives were followed by horsemen
-and tracked by a large pack of blood hounds. The crowded condition of the prisons
-at the beginning of 1864 was appalling. There were as many as 33,000 hungry and
-dying men confined in Andersonville at one time, which gave a space of about four
-feet square to each man. Some of the other Confederate prisons were at Salisbury,
-North Carolina, at Florence, South Carolina, on Belle Island in the James River, at
-Tyler, Texas, at Millen, Georgia, and at Columbia, South Carolina. At Belle Isle
-the prisoners were packed so close that when they lay sleeping no one could turn over
-until the whole line agreed to turn simultaneously. While many imaginary pictures
-have been drawn from descriptions of Andersonville, it has remained for the lens to
-to engrave the actual scenes, and they are here perpetuated by the negatives.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i142.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i142t.jpg" width="400" height="274" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">ANDERSONVILLE PRISON WITH ITS STOCKADE AND GUARD TOWERS</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page79" id="page79"></a>[pg&nbsp;79]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">AMERICANS are the most loyal people on the face
-of the earth. Self-government encourages
-fidelity to Home and Country. In a nation
-where the <i>citizens are the Government</i>, patriotism cannot
-die. Unfurl the flag of a monarchy and there will be
-a dutiful reverence to it. Unfurl the Stars and Stripes of
-the Republic and there will arise a mighty ovation that
-thrills from the hearts of men&mdash;a spontaneous outburst
-that has never been heard except under the Emblem of
-Freedom. Liberty is everywhere the mother of patriots.</p>
-
-<div class="bbox">
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i143.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i143t.jpg" width="352" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">SURGEONS ADMINISTERING TO THE WOUNDED</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i144.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i144.jpg" width="400" height="385" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">LIVES SACRIFICED FOR THEIR COUNTRY</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i145.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i145t.jpg" width="341" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BURIAL OF THE DEAD HEROES</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN ON THE BATTLEFIELDS DURING THE CIVIL WAR IN THE UNITED STATES</p>
-
-<p class="indent">In the Civil War the heart of American Citizenship
-was put to the test and it was found &quot;tried and true.&quot;
-The first call for volunteers came on April 15, 1861 for
-75,000 militia for three months, and 91,816 men answered.
-The second call was on May 3, 1861, when
-Lincoln asked for 500,000 men and the reply was 700,680.
-The third call on July 2, 1862 for 300,000 troops
-for three years&#39; service to their country brought 421,465.
-The fourth call on August 4, 1862, for nine months&#39; service
-met the response of 87,588 men. Under the fifth
-proclamation, on June 15, 1863, for militia for six months&#39;
-service, the ranks were recruited by 16,361 men. The
-calls of October 17, 1863, and February 1, 1864, brought
-369,380 men. Under the call of March 14, 1864, came
-292,193 men; between April 23 and July 18, 1864, there
-were 83,612 mustered into the United States&#39; service.
-Lincoln&#39;s appeal to the manhood of the Nation on July
-18, 1864 was met by 386,461 men. The last call for
-volunteers came on December 19, 1864, and 212,212
-patriots marched to the battle ground to help strike the
-last blow of the conflict. The willingness with which
-these men offered their lives to their country is the
-greatest tribute that can ever be paid to American patriotism.
-After the disasters on the Peninsula over 80,000
-troops were enlisted, organized, armed, and marched to
-the battleground within four weeks. An army of 90,000
-infantry came to the front from the five states of Ohio,
-Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin, within twenty
-days. In many instances over 60,000 recruits fell into
-line in less than a month. At the last moment of the
-War, and to the very scene of surrender, thousands of
-men were pouring into the field.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">If the world could have looked upon the marvelous
-spectacle of all the men who took part in the Civil War,
-marching five abreast, the triumphant procession would
-have stretched from the Atlantic, across the Continent, to
-the Pacific&mdash;a grand pageant of 1,696 regiments, six
-companies infantry; 272 regiments, two companies
-cavalry; 78 regiments, two companies artillery. The
-boys who wore the Gray could have intercepted this procession
-by another magnificent pageant reaching from the
-Canadian borders to the mountains of Mexico.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">The war cameras during 1864 were taxed to their
-utmost. It was the hardest test that had ever been given
-the new science of photography. The thrilling story of
-this closing year is told in the rare old negatives in these
-pages&mdash;actual photographs taken at the scene of battle.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page80" id="page80"></a>[pg&nbsp;80]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THE last days of 1863 were inactive.
-The armies in the
-East were going into winter
-quarters. Brady&#39;s men had
-experienced a hard year with their
-cameras, but had perpetuated many
-tragic incidents. One of the cameras
-was held in winter quarters
-at Rappahannock Station until early
-in 1864. It was used in recording
-conditions in camp and one of its negatives
-is here reproduced. This camp
-was occupied by the 50th New York
-Engineers. It was the duty of these
-engineers to construct roads, bridges
-and fortifications, and their services in
-the Civil War were of great importance.
-An interesting feature of this
-photograph is the row of pontoon
-boats on wheels. These pontoons are
-vessels, used to support the roadway
-of floating bridges. The boats were
-a small, substantial frame of wood,
-light of weight, and easily transported
-overland. By stretching them across
-a river an army could begin its movement
-to the other side within half an
-hour on reaching the banks. A pontoon
-train of the army carries about
-one hundred yards of pontoon bridge
-for each army corps, including the
-boats, roadway planks, etc. Early in
-the spring of 1864 the skirmishing began
-for what promised to be the deadliest
-year of the Civil War. Sherman
-organized his expedition in February
-against Meridian, Mississippi, a position
-of great importance to the Confederacy,
-as it controlled the railroad
-communications with Mobile and
-Wilmington. Banks began his Red
-River expedition in March. Meade&#39;s
-columns crossed the Rapidan River,
-in Virginia, in May. Grant was
-placed in command of all the United
-States armies in the field on March 1,
-1864, while Sherman was given command
-of Federal armies in the West.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i146.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i146t.jpg" width="400" height="289" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN WINTER QUARTERS AT RAPPAHANNOCK STATION, VIRGINIA, IN 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page81" id="page81"></a>[pg&nbsp;81]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THE first great conflict of 1864
-occurred on the fifth of May
-when the Army of the Potomac
-met Lee&#39;s forces in the
-Battle of the Wilderness. It was a
-virgin forest of oak and pine, choked
-with dense undergrowth. The Federal
-soldiers knew nothing of its entanglements,
-but the Confederates had
-full knowledge of the roads and
-wagon paths intersecting the woods.
-It was so dense that the troops found
-it necessary at times to move in single
-file. The artillery and cavalry had
-great difficulty in getting into the encounter,
-and in one of the sallies
-nearly all the men and horses were
-killed. The battle was deadly. Regiments
-shot into their own ranks as
-they fled through forest and undergrowth,
-becoming separated from the
-main line. General Longstreet, of
-the Confederate Army, was shot and
-severely wounded by his own men.
-Tremendous volleys of musketry rang
-through the woods. Dead leaves
-and branches were swept with flames.
-Men lost their way and wandered
-into the enemy&#39;s lines. So rapid was
-the fire that the muskets became hot
-and blistered the fingers of the soldiers.
-The losses in this great two-days&#39;
-battle cannot be stated accurately.
-One estimate places the Union
-killed, wounded and missing at 18,387
-and the Confederate, 11,400. On
-the afternoon of the seventh of May,
-Grant moved his army toward Spottsylvania
-Court House, fifteen miles
-southeast of the Wilderness Battlefield,
-with the intent of getting between
-the enemy and Richmond and
-compelling Lee to fight at a disadvantage.
-It was during these maneuvers
-that this photograph was taken
-while the artillery was stationed at the
-edge of the forest. The negative was
-taken in the full light of the noonday
-sun in the Spring of 1864.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i147.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i147t.jpg" width="400" height="304" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE ARTILLERY WAS AT EDGE OF WOODS NEAR BATTLE OF WILDERNESS IN 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page82" id="page82"></a>[pg&nbsp;82]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i148.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i148t.jpg" width="400" height="317" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">GENERAL MEADE AND GENERAL SEDGWICK WITH STAFF OFFICERS AT
-RAPPAHANNOCK STATION, MARCH, 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i149.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i149t.jpg" width="400" height="268" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">MAJOR-GENERAL G. K. WARREN AND STAFF AT BEVERLY HOUSE,
-SPOTTSYLVANIA</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i150.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i150t.jpg" width="400" height="277" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">LOOKING TOWARDS SPOTTSYLVANIA COURT HOUSE FROM BEVERLY
-HOUSE, HEADQUARTERS OF GENERAL WARREN IN MAY, 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i151.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i151t.jpg" width="400" height="234" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">GERMANIA FORD, RAPIDAN RIVER, WHERE TROOPS CROSSED IN GRANT&#39;S CAMPAIGN AGAINST
-RICHMOND BEFORE BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page83" id="page83"></a>[pg&nbsp;83]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i152.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i152t.jpg" width="400" height="268" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN SEDGWICK AND STAFF&mdash;SEDGWICK WAS KILLED AT SPOTTSYLVANIA IN 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i153.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i153t.jpg" width="400" height="260" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">GENERALS OF THE CAVALRY CORPS&mdash;SHERIDAN, MERRITT, DAVIS, GREGG, TORBERT AND WILSON</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i154.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i154t.jpg" width="400" height="337" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">CONFEDERATE DEAD ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF SPOTTSYLVANIA COURT
-HOUSE IN 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">BOTH armies faced each other in full force at
-Spottsylvania Court House in the forenoon of
-the ninth of May, 1864. The Brady cameras
-arrived with the Government supply trains
-and perpetuated the historic scenes. While the Union
-lines were placing their batteries, they were annoyed
-by sharpshooters, and General Sedgwick was killed. His
-death was a great loss to the Federals, just as Jackson&#39;s
-had crippled the Confederacy. During the first
-day at Spottsylvania the Federals lost fully 10,000
-men, while the Confederates&#39; loss was very nearly
-9,000. The unburied bodies of 3,000 men lay scattered
-along the slopes of the ridges and under the
-trees. Out of the 200,000 Federals and Confederates
-who rushed into battle on the fifth of May, 43,000
-were either dead, wounded, or prisoners, after three
-days of fighting. During the week the fighting extended
-along the Fredericksburg road, Laurel Hill
-and Ny River, reaching to Swift Creek and Cloyd&#39;s
-Mountain. The Army of the Potomac, since it crossed
-the Rapidan River, had lost nearly one-fourth of
-its men in the brief space of eight days, and now had
-a fighting force of only 87,000. The photograph of
-the Confederate dead was taken near Spottsylvania
-Court House, May 12, 1864, after Ewell&#39;s attack.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i155.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i155t.jpg" width="400" height="337" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">SLING CART USED IN HAULING CAPTURED CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY
-AT DREWRY&#39;S BLUFF ON THE JAMES RIVER IN 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page84" id="page84"></a>[pg&nbsp;84]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i156.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i156t.jpg" width="400" height="210" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">DUTCH GAP CANAL ENTERING JAMES RIVER IN VIRGINIA&mdash;BUILT UNDER SEVERE FIRE</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i157.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i157t.jpg" width="400" height="296" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">OBSTRUCTIONS IN JAMES RIVER NEAR DREWRY&#39;S BLUFF</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i158.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i158t.jpg" width="400" height="294" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">CONFEDERATE FORT DARLING AT DREWRY&#39;S BLUFF</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i159.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i159t.jpg" width="400" height="295" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">AIKEN&#39;S LANDING, WHERE PRISONERS WERE EXCHANGED</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">WHILE Grant was moving
-toward Richmond from
-the north, Butler was
-forcing his way from
-Yorktown on the south, threatening
-Richmond from the peninsula as
-McClellan had done two years before.
-It was at this time that the
-photographs here shown were taken
-in May, 1864. Butler succeeded in
-destroying part of the road from
-Petersburg to Richmond. He received
-word that Lee was in full retreat
-for Richmond, with Grant close
-upon his heels. One of the extreme
-southern positions in the defense of
-Richmond was Fort Darling at
-Drewry&#39;s Bluff. On the thirteenth
-of May, Butler succeeded in carrying
-a portion of the outer lines, capturing
-a considerable amount of artillery,
-but on the sixteenth he was repulsed
-and fell back upon Bermuda Hundred.
-A powerful Confederate battery
-on the James River barred the
-bridge toward Richmond. Butler
-conceived the idea of cutting a canal
-through the narrow neck of land
-known as Dutch Gap for the passage
-of the monitors. A photograph was
-taken of this canal, which was constructed
-under a severe and continuous
-fire. The dredge and steam
-pump used were bomb-proof. The
-greater part of the excavation was
-done by colored troops, who sought
-cover, from the bombardment of the
-enemy, in earthen dugouts that covered
-the site of the work. The canal
-was only 174 yards long, 43 yards
-wide at the top, 27 yards at the water
-level, and 13 5/10 yards at a depth of
-15 feet below water level. It cut off
-4-3/4 miles of river navigation and the
-excavation was nearly 67,000 cubic
-yards. The war photographers secured
-many negatives of these operations
-and several of the most important
-ones are shown on these pages.
-One of them was taken at Aiken&#39;s
-Landing, where the flag-of-truce boat
-from Richmond came to discharge
-her cargo of poor, starved, and often
-dying Union prisoners, and received
-in exchange the same number of
-healthy, well-fed rebels from our
-guards. Two or three rough old
-canal boats, and the grim old monitor
-there at anchor, but above all the
-glorious old Stars and Stripes, and on
-the shore the loving hearts and kindly
-hands of friends. The soldiers called
-it &quot;the gate into God&#39;s country.&quot;</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page85" id="page85"></a>[pg&nbsp;85]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i160.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i160t.jpg" width="400" height="338" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PONTOON BRIDGE AT JERICHO MILLS ON NORTH ANNA RIVER, VIRGINIA</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i161.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i161t.jpg" width="400" height="314" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">COUNCIL OF WAR AT MASSAPONAX CHURCH, VIRGINIA, IN 1864&mdash;GENERALS GRANT AND MEADE, ASSISTANT SECRETARY
-OF WAR DANA AND STAFF OFFICERS</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i162.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i162t.jpg" width="400" height="311" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">HEADQUARTERS OF GRANT AND MEADE AT MASSAPONAX CHURCH, VIRGINIA</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">AFTER the battle of Spottsylvania Court House the war photographers exposed many negatives,
-during the five days that the relative positions of the two armies remained unchanged. Grant
-and Lee were engaged in brilliant strategy. Grant had thrown out his left until it rested on Massaponax
-Church. While the great General was in council of war at this place on the twenty-first
-of May, 1864, a remarkable photograph was taken. In the reproduction on this page it will be
-seen that the pews have been brought out under the trees and the officers are gathered to discuss the
-situation. Grant is sitting on the bench against the trees. With him are General Meade, Assistant
-Secretary of War, Charles A. Dana, and the staff officers. This was a critical time. The Union losses
-had been heavy and Lee had not yet been outwitted. This photograph is of much historic significance.
-In advance of Grant&#39;s movements, General Sheridan had started on a raid, with 10,000 sabres, and
-reaching the North Anna River, captured Beaver Dam Station, destroyed ten miles of railroad track
-and three freight trains containing a million and a half Confederate rations. Here he was fiercely
-assaulted by &quot;Jeb&quot; Stuart, but he succeeded in crossing the North Anna River by Ground-Squirrel
-Bridge and proceeded toward Richmond as far as Yellow Tavern, six miles from the Confederate
-Capital. Stuart fell mortally wounded and died in the city of Richmond. Sheridan then attempted to
-capture the works around Richmond, and Custer crossed the first line and seized two pieces of artillery
-and one hundred prisoners. Lee had fallen back from the North Anna River and assumed a position
-still covering Richmond. A photograph was taken of the pontoon bridge constructed across the
-North Anna River at Jericho Mills, where General Warren&#39;s five corps crossed on the twenty-third of
-May. The Federal base of supplies was shifted to the White House on the Pamunkey River where the
-remainder of the Federal Army crossed on the twenty-eighth of May, followed by the war cameras.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page86" id="page86"></a>[pg&nbsp;86]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i163.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i163t.jpg" width="400" height="235" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BATTLEFIELD AT RESACA, IN GEORGIA, MAY 13-16, 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i164.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i164t.jpg" width="400" height="218" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BATTLEGROUND ON KENESAW MOUNTAIN, GEORGIA, IN JULY, 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i165.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i165t.jpg" width="400" height="262" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BATTLEFIELD OF NEW HOPE CHURCH, IN GEORGIA, MAY 25 TO JUNE 4, 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">WHILE Grant was moving on toward Richmond, Sherman&#39;s armies of Arkansas, Cumberland,
-Ohio and Tennessee, with 352,000 men distributed in many garrisons over this wide expanse
-of territory, was moving against Atlanta, Georgia. Opposed to Sherman was Lieutenant-General
-Joseph E. Johnston, who commanded all the Confederate troops in the West,
-including the men of Bragg&#39;s old army. Atlanta was of equal importance with Richmond.
-It was a great railroad center and it contained the Confederate depots, mills, foundries and the
-manufactories of military supplies. Sherman had moved simultaneously with the Army of the
-Potomac, on the second day of the Battle of the Wilderness. On the thirteenth of May, Sherman&#39;s
-men met the Confederates at Resaca, Georgia. There was brisk, sharp fighting all along the lines.
-On the night of the fifteenth the Confederates abandoned the town and crossed the Oostenaula River,
-setting fire to the bridges. At dawn of the sixteenth the Federals entered Resaca and began a
-vigorous pursuit, and the camera recorded the scene of the abandoned entrenchments. The fields
-across which the Confederates withdrew may be seen in the distance. The Confederates concentrated
-their forces near New Hope Church on the twenty-fifth, and attacked the advancing Union
-troops but were driven back with heavy loss. The war photographers here secured a photograph of
-the entrenchments in the woods where there was continuous fighting for six days. The Federal
-Army forced its way through the mountainous country to the towering peaks of Kenesaw Mountain,
-Lost Mountain, and Pine Mountain. On all these heights the Confederates had signal towers.
-The outlying hills were occupied by batteries. The cameras were carried to the heights of Kenesaw
-Mountain and taken into its entrenchments. Sherman&#39;s troops climbed this slope, through its
-tangled wood and rifle pits, in the face of a steady musketry and artillery fire. This really ended the
-first movement of Sherman&#39;s campaign against Atlanta. Sherman&#39;s losses during May and June were
-over 2,000 killed and 13,000 wounded. Johnston&#39;s losses were about 1,200 killed and nearly 14,000
-wounded. During the fifty-four days, both armies were depleted by 3,200 killed, 27,000 wounded.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page87" id="page87"></a>[pg&nbsp;87]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i166.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i166t.jpg" width="400" height="324" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE SKELETONS OF DEAD SOLDIERS WERE BEING REMOVED SEVERAL MONTHS AFTER BATTLE OF COLD HARBOR</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">GRANT and Lee met at Cold
-Harbor in a desperate struggle
-on the first day of June
-in 1864. The following day
-was occupied by a general massing
-for the deadly encounter. Meade&#39;s
-army moved silently on the enemy at
-daylight on the third and the result
-was the fiercest battle of the entire
-war. There was a drizzling rain.
-The armies could hardly see the faces
-of their antagonists. Not a shot was
-fired until they were upon each other.
-One hundred thousand muskets simultaneously
-began their murderous
-work at a range of sixty to seventy
-yards. Two hundred pieces of artillery
-added to the deafening roar. It
-was the tragedy of Fredericksburg
-and Gettysburg re-enacted. The
-Union soldiers pressed toward the
-solid mass of lead and flame from the
-Confederate entrenchments only to be
-forced back. At times they swept to
-the breastworks against the torrents
-of musketry and mounted the parapets.
-The assault lasted but twenty
-minutes and the Union Army lost in
-killed, wounded and missing over
-14,000 men; the Confederate loss has
-been estimated at 1,700. The two
-armies stayed at Cold Harbor for ten
-days, working on their field entrenchments,
-and fighting whenever either
-side grew bold. Lee remained immovable
-in his entrenchments before
-Richmond and on the afternoon of the
-sixteenth of June, Grant&#39;s army,
-horse, foot and artillery, had crossed
-the James River. On the seventh of
-June the dead were buried and the
-wounded gathered during an armistice
-of two hours. This is a ghastly
-view, showing the process of collecting
-the remains of Union soldiers
-who were hastily interred at the time
-of the battle. This photograph was
-taken on the battlefield months after
-the battle, when the Government ordered
-the remains gathered for permanent
-burial. The grinning skulls, the
-boots still hanging on the bones, the
-old canteen, all testify to the tragedy.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page88" id="page88"></a>[pg&nbsp;88]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">SHERMAN, in his campaign in
-Georgia in 1864, was much interested
-in the cameras that
-followed his army and urged
-the photographer to take negatives of
-every movement as his forces pushed
-the Confederates toward Atlanta.
-On the morning of July 3, 1864, the
-Stars and Stripes fluttered on the
-crest of old Kenesaw Mountain. All
-the Federal corps were in rapid motion,
-and on Independence Day Sherman
-could distinguish the houses of
-Atlanta only nine miles away. General
-Johnston withdrew into the city
-and a storm of indignation swept the
-Confederacy. Johnston resigned his
-command and was succeeded by General
-J. B. Hood. Sherman set his
-troops in motion for the city on the
-seventeenth of July. On the nineteenth,
-the troops were so near Atlanta,
-and were meeting such feeble
-resistance that it was supposed the
-Confederates were evacuating, until
-they poured out of their entrenchments
-and opened furious fire on the
-north side of Peach Tree Creek.
-The war cameras were busily engaged
-and one of the negatives is an
-abandoned Confederate fortification
-on the road leading to Atlanta. A
-camera was taken into this fort
-shortly after its capture by Sherman.
-It shows the extent to which the Confederates
-had protected themselves.
-It is one of the rare pictures in which
-chevaux-de-frise construction is
-shown. It is here seen that the defense
-is a temporary obstruction by
-placing rails in a row with their pointed
-ends directed against the enemy.
-They impeded the advance of the foe
-and afforded cover for the defenders.
-During the conquest of Georgia the
-Confederates were much awed by the
-Brady &quot;what is it?&quot; wagons. It is
-the first time that field photography
-was witnessed in the far South.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i167.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i167t.jpg" width="400" height="285" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT A CONFEDERATE FORT ON MARIETTA ROAD, NEAR ATLANTA, GEORGIA, AFTER CAPTURE BY SHERMAN, SEPTEMBER 2, 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page89" id="page89"></a>[pg&nbsp;89]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i168.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i168t.jpg" width="400" height="285" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ON THE LINES BEFORE ATLANTA, GEORGIA, IN 1864&mdash;GENERAL WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN AND STAFF</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">WHILE Sherman&#39;s Army
-was literally standing at
-the gates of Atlanta, this
-photograph was taken.
-The great general was with his staff
-in a Federal fort on the outlying hills.
-He was leaning on the breech of the
-cannon in one of his most characteristic
-attitudes. At this time Sherman
-was forty-four years of age. When
-sixteen years old he had entered West
-Point as a cadet, through the influence
-of his father, who was a Supreme
-Court judge in Ohio. At
-twenty years of age he entered the
-United States regular army and during
-the Mexican War was engaged
-in service in California. When thirty-three
-years of age, Sherman resigned
-from the army and became President
-of the State Military Institute of
-Louisiana. At the outbreak of the
-Civil War he left the South and
-offered his services to the Union. He
-was a colonel at the Battle of Bull
-Run. After that battle, when the
-Northern Army was reorganized,
-Sherman was appointed Brigadier-General
-of Volunteers and commanded
-the Department of the Cumberland.
-He demanded 200,000 men to
-reach the Gulf, but it was refused and
-he was ordered into Missouri. He
-was for a time inactive but came to
-the front again at Shiloh in command
-of a division under Grant. His bravery
-secured his promotion to Major-General
-and he became active in the
-campaign around Vicksburg. He
-then entered into the Mississippi
-Campaign and led the forces against
-Atlanta, resulting in his famous march
-to the sea. This photograph was
-taken on the eighteenth day of July,
-in 1864, on the lines before Atlanta.
-Sherman was much interested in the
-new science of photography and
-he always protected the cameras.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page90" id="page90"></a>[pg&nbsp;90]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i169.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i169t.jpg" width="400" height="258" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BATTLEFIELD OF PEACH TREE CREEK, GEORGIA, JULY 20, 1864&mdash;HOOD&#39;S FIRST SORTIE NEAR ATLANTA</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i170.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i170t.jpg" width="400" height="261" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">WHERE GENERAL MCPHERSON WAS KILLED, JULY 22, 1864, NEAR ATLANTA&mdash;HOOD&#39;S SECOND SORTIE</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i171.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i171t.jpg" width="400" height="259" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BATTLEFIELD AT ATLANTA, GEORGIA, JULY 22, 1864&mdash;HOOD&#39;S SECOND SORTIE</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i172.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i172t.jpg" width="400" height="262" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">MILL AND RAILROAD DESTROYED BY CONFEDERATES ON EVACUATION OF ATLANTA, SEPTEMBER 2, 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page91" id="page91"></a>[pg&nbsp;91]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i173.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i173t.jpg" width="400" height="259" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">CAPTAIN JOHN A. WINSLOW AND OFFICERS ON DECK OF &quot;KEARSARGE&quot; ON RETURN TO AMERICA AFTER
-DESTRUCTION OF THE &quot;ALABAMA&quot; IN THE ENGLISH CHANNEL</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i174.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i174t.jpg" width="400" height="237" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">CONFEDERATE IRONCLAD RAM &quot;TENNESSEE&quot; CAPTURED AT MOBILE BAY AUGUST 5, 1864, BY ADMIRAL FARRAGUT</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">ATLANTA was evacuated by the Confederates on the first day of September, in 1864
-after a long, hard siege. The formal surrender was made by the Mayor on September
-second and the city became a military depot governed by military law.
-During this campaign of four months the Federals lost 31,680 men; the Confederates 34,986.
-The war photographers secured many negatives of the battlefields in the siege around Atlanta.
-A view is here shown of Peach Tree Creek where the Federal loss was 1,710 and the
-Confederate 4,796. Another camera was taken to the woods where the Union general, McPherson,
-was killed in Hood&#39;s second sortie outside of the city. The daring commander
-rode directly into the enemy&#39;s line, without knowledge of danger. An interesting picture
-is that of the earth works before Atlanta, during Hood&#39;s first sortie, in which the Union
-losses were 3,641, and the Confederate 8,499. The destruction that was wrought during
-the siege of Atlanta is perpetuated by many of these negatives. While the armies were
-making these decisive blows, the &quot;Kearsarge&quot; 3,000 miles away, met and sunk the Confederate
-ship, &quot;Alabama,&quot; in the English Channel on Sunday morning, June 19, 1864. The
-&quot;Alabama&quot; had been roaming the seas nearly two years, capturing and burning American
-merchantmen. Another important naval conflict occurred on the 5th of August when Admiral
-Farragut gained possession of Mobile Bay, Alabama, and the war cameras caught
-a picture of the rebel ram, &quot;Tennessee,&quot; the ironclad captured at that time by Farragut.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i175.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i175.jpg" width="400" height="394" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">DEVASTATION ON &quot;MARCH TO THE SEA&quot;</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i176.jpg">
-</a>
-<img class="border" src="images/i176.jpg" width="353" height="400" alt="" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">SHERMAN&#39;S MEN DESTROYING RAILROAD</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page92" id="page92"></a>[pg&nbsp;92]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i177.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i177t.jpg" width="400" height="237" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">CONFEDERATE DEFENSES AT CHATTAHOOCHIE RIVER BRIDGE, GEORGIA, IN 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i178.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i178t.jpg" width="400" height="233" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">GENERAL U. S. GRANT AND STAFF AT CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, IN AUGUST, 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i179.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i179t.jpg" width="400" height="266" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">BATTLEGROUND OF ALLATOONA PASS, IN GEORGIA, OCTOBER 5, 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">WHILE the combined armies under Sherman lay in and around Atlanta until October,
-1864, the war photographers were used extensively. Fierce encounters took
-place early in that month around Kenesaw Mountain and along Allatoona Pass.
-During this famous encounter Sherman stood on the top of Kenesaw. General Corse, who
-was leading the Union Division into combat, sent him this message: &quot;I am short a cheek-bone
-and one ear, but am able to whip all hell yet.&quot; It was to this that Sherman made his
-famous reply: &quot;Hold the fort, for I am coming.&quot; Sherman began his famous march to the
-sea on the fifteenth of November. As the columns left Atlanta the Federal engineers applied
-their torches to the depot, roundhouse, and the machine shops of the Georgia railroad. The
-columns extended to the northern part of the city. Stores, warehouses, hotels, and mills,
-with many private dwellings, were destroyed to the value of more than three millions of dollars.
-Amid the fierce heat and roar Sherman rode out of Atlanta on the afternoon of November
-16th. The great army for five consecutive weeks swept across Georgia. The 62,000
-men, 20,000 horses and mules, marched 300 miles in a route from 20 to 60 miles wide. The
-army captured twenty million pounds of corn and fodder, three million rations of bread and
-meat, one million rations of coffee and sugar and 350 miles of railroad track were destroyed.
-Sherman estimated the property losses at over one hundred millions of dollars. The Federal
-losses during the campaign were but 63 men killed on the field, 245 wounded, and 259 missing.
-The Confederacy was severed and a decisive step taken toward ending the Civil War.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page93" id="page93"></a>[pg&nbsp;93]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i180.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i180t.jpg" width="400" height="272" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">DESTRUCTION FROM EXPLOSION OF ORDNANCE BARGES AT WHARVES AT CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, AUGUST 9, 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">WHILE Sherman was marching from
-Chattanooga, Tennessee, to Atlanta,
-Georgia, on his famous march to the
-sea, Grant was laying siege on
-Petersburg, Virginia, twenty-two miles south of
-Richmond. This was the central point for five
-railroads, giving communication with the Carolinas
-and Southern Virginia. Its possession by
-Federal troops would cut off Richmond and
-force the evacuation of the Confederate Capital.
-Lee was strongly intrenched around Petersburg.
-For a time during the summer there was hot
-fighting every hour in the day and frequently far
-into the night. The two armies were ready to
-fight to a finish. The Union Army was preparing
-itself for the final stroke and the conflicts
-were constant. It was during this campaign
-that the battles of New Market Heights and
-Cedar Creek were fought and Sheridan made his
-famous ride down the Shenandoah Valley to
-Winchester. Grant&#39;s base of supplies was at
-City Point on the James River. On the ninth
-day of August, in 1864, there was an explosion
-of the ordnance barges and a war camera was
-hurried to the scene and secured this negative
-on the same day. At the same time, while General
-Grant was in conference with his staff in his
-tent at the army headquarters, the war photographers
-secured the picture shown on the preceding
-page. The general may be seen in the center of
-the group, sitting in the chair, with his hat characteristically
-pushed back on his head and his
-legs crossed. This is an interesting negative.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page94" id="page94"></a>[pg&nbsp;94]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i181.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i181t.jpg" width="400" height="308" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN FORT NEGLEY AT NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE, SHOWING IRONCLAD CASEMATES, IN 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">IN the closing months of 1864
-events occurred in rapid succession
-in the southwest. The
-Confederates, under Hood,
-driven from Georgia by Sherman, invaded
-Middle Tennessee. General
-Price began his invasion of Missouri
-and destroyed property valued at
-three millions of dollars and seized a
-vast quantity of supplies. The Union
-forces, under General Thomas, were
-concentrated at Nashville. There
-were continual skirmishes and at
-nightfall, on the sixteenth of December,
-General Thomas ordered his
-troops into line of battle, with the intent
-of driving Hood&#39;s Army from the
-territory. In a terrific fire of musketry,
-grape and canister, the Federals
-pushed forward. In the next
-two days the Confederates lost all
-their artillery. General Thomas took
-four thousand, five hundred prisoners,
-nearly three hundred being officers.
-The fleeing Confederate columns
-left nearly three thousand dead
-and wounded on the ground, while
-the Federal loss was three hundred.
-The weather was very cold, but
-Thomas pursued his foe relentlessly.
-Flood&#39;s men were in a desperate condition,
-barefooted, ragged and disheartened.
-They were pressed to the
-Tennessee River where thirteen thousand
-were taken prisoners, and
-Hood&#39;s great army was practically
-annihilated, their small arms scattered
-along the roads, and cannon,
-caissons and wagons abandoned.
-Hood took the remnants of his army
-into Mississippi where he was relieved
-from command by his own request
-and retired minus the arm he
-left at Gettysburg and the leg he left
-at Chickamauga. On the thirtieth
-day of December, in 1864, Thomas
-went into winter quarters. One
-of the last photographs of the year
-was taken in Fort Negley, Nashville,
-Tennessee, showing the ironclad casemates
-and the interior of the fort.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page95" id="page95"></a>[pg&nbsp;95]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i182.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i182t.jpg" width="400" height="304" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ON GRANT&#39;S MILITARY RAILROAD WHEN THE 13-INCH MORTAR &quot;DICTATOR&quot; OR &quot;PETERSBURG EXPRESS&quot; WAS THROWING SHELLS INTO PETERSBURG IN 1864</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">THE last days of 1864 closed
-with the Army of the Potomac
-and the Army of the
-James maintaining the siege
-about Petersburg. Nearly every hour
-of the day and night the air was filled
-with the roar of siege cannons and
-mortars. Brady and Gardner had
-several of their cameras at the siege
-of Petersburg. Many rare negatives
-are to-day witnesses of this great
-event. The picture shown on this
-page was taken during the siege. It
-shows the thirteen-inch &quot;Dictator,&quot;
-known as the &quot;Petersburg Express,&quot;
-mounted on a flat freight car made
-strong for this purpose. It was
-on the military railroad outside of
-Petersburg and moved continually
-along the line, throwing its huge
-death-dealing bombs into the city.
-Some of the mortars were mounted on
-very strong, special-made cars, protected
-with roofs of railroad iron.
-Grant&#39;s line was twenty-five miles
-long, but with its parallels extending
-over ninety miles. The two forts
-nearest the city of Petersburg were
-known by the soldiers as Fort Hell
-and Fort Damnation. From their
-casemates the movements of the soldiers
-of the beleaguered city were distinctly
-visible. The guns of these
-two advanced forts were never silent.
-At nightfall, the pickets, with one
-hundred and fifty rounds of ball cartridges,
-left for the outposts, and
-many of them never returned. The
-night was made hideous by the roar
-of huge siege guns, the sudden
-crashes of musketry and the crack of
-rifle shells. The openings of the
-breastworks were so filled with shot
-during this siege that in time of truce
-the soldiers would dig the narrow
-openings out with their fingers. On
-the next page is shown a photograph
-taken April 2, 1865, in Confederate
-trenches at Petersburg just after their
-capture by the daring Union troops.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page96" id="page96"></a>[pg&nbsp;96]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i183.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i183t.jpg" width="378" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">GENERALS HANCOCK, BARLOW, BIRNEY AND GIBBON</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i184.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i184t.jpg" width="499" height="177" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">SIEGE OF PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA&mdash;PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN JUST BEFORE ITS FALL IN 1865</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i185.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i185t.jpg" width="400" height="360" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">RAILROAD BATTERY IN FRONT OF PETERSBURG DURING SIEGE</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i186.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i186t.jpg" width="400" height="287" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">EARTHWORKS IN FRONT OF PETERSBURG&mdash;FEDERAL LINES AT FORT MORTON</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i187.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i187t.jpg" width="400" height="388" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">DEAD CONFEDERATES IN TRENCHES AT PETERSBURG</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page97" id="page97"></a>[pg&nbsp;97]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">DEEDS of valor on the battlefield have been sung
-from the earliest ages, but there is no epoch in
-the world&#39;s history when men have shown more
-magnificent courage, or greater devotion to principle,
-than in the Civil War of the United States. The days
-of ancient knighthood never saw more gallant fighters, no
-lancer ever met a worthier foe. It was the grandest
-spectacle of heroism that eyes have ever witnessed. At
-the battle-front, in prison pit, in hospital, or wounded on
-the field&mdash;no men ever endured more intense suffering.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">The only National debt we can never pay is the debt
-we owe to the men who offered their lives that the United
-American Nation might live to become the greatest power
-in the human race. The heroic sacrifices will never be
-known. It has been variously estimated from three hundred
-thousand to a million lives. The Government
-records 44,238 men as having been killed in battle;
-49,205 dying of wounds and injuries; 186,216 succumbing
-to disease; 24,184 expiring from unknown causes; and
-526 suicides, homicides and executions. Thousands of
-men disappeared during the conflict and have never been
-heard from since. The surgeon-general&#39;s records give
-280,040 wounded in battle; 184,791 missing or captured;
-26,168 dying while prisoners of war. The medical
-records state that 6,049,648 cases were brought into the
-hospitals, great numbers of whom were sent home to die.
-The Confederate losses can never be ascertained but it is
-very probable that the price that America paid for the
-preservation of the Union was a million of its manhood.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">The crisis of 1865 held not only the future of the
-United States in the balance, but threatened to change
-the political divisions of the world. The American
-Nation, which is the &quot;freest, richest and most powerful&quot;
-nation under the skies, would have been divided into
-two weakened republics, each struggling for existence,
-disputing the ownership of rivers and coast, engaged in
-continual border uprisings, and finally becoming the prey
-of the powerful nations of Europe&mdash;only to be soon
-devoured by encroaching monarchies of the Eastern
-Hemisphere.</p>
-
-<div class="bbox">
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">&quot;When &#39;Greek meets Greek&#39; the tug of war</span><br />
-<span class="i2">Is sure to follow fierce and strong;</span><br />
-<span class="i0">What wonder that the bloody strife</span><br />
-<span class="i2">&#39;Twixt North and South was four years long!</span><br />
-<span class="i0">Four hundred thousand of our brave</span><br />
-<span class="i2">Gave up their lives that we might be</span><br />
-<span class="i0">A Nation, powerful and great,</span><br />
-<span class="i2">The fitting home of Liberty.</span><br />
-<span class="i0">America will surely stand</span><br />
-<span class="i2">The first and foremost of the earth:</span><br />
-<span class="i0">The Queen of Nations she shall be,</span><br />
-<span class="i2">And all her sons have royal birth.</span><br />
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<img class="border" src="images/i188.jpg" width="383" height="400" alt="" />
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">FOR THE SAKE OF THEIR COUNTRY&mdash;Photograph
-taken by Brady on the battlefield during the Civil War</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">&quot;The Goddess of sweet Liberty</span><br />
-<span class="i2">Still smiles upon her gallant knights</span><br />
-<span class="i0">Who bravely sprang to her defense,</span><br />
-<span class="i2">And fearless fought to keep our rights.</span><br />
-<span class="i0">Then cheer our heroes, grim and old,</span><br />
-<span class="i2">And let them feel while yet alive,</span><br />
-<span class="i0">We honor them for what they did</span><br />
-<span class="i2">From sixty-one to sixty-five.</span><br />
-<span class="i0">All honor to our sacred dead,</span><br />
-<span class="i2">And honor well the living, too,</span><br />
-<span class="i0">Our Veterans of the Civil War,</span><br />
-<span class="i2">These noble boys who wore the blue.&quot;</span><br />
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">The problem was settled for all ages in 1865. The
-American Nation rose from the ruins of War like a
-young giant. Grasping the hand of the North and the
-South, it clasped them together with the grip of brotherhood
-and the sacred pledge, &quot;United we stand; divided
-we fall.&quot; Long live America, the Land of the Free and
-the Home of the Brave! The vast armies, &quot;strong
-enough to have conquered a hemisphere, vanished like a
-vision and the men who fought side by side through the
-perils of four years of Civil War, laid down their arms,
-changed their uniforms of blue and gray for the apparel
-of everyday life, and took up once more the peaceful
-occupations they had abandoned to serve their country.&quot;</p>
-
-<p class="indent">The Spring of 1865 can never be forgotten by the
-men who went through it. It was a time of intense
-excitement and overflowing enthusiasm which carried
-itself almost to pandemonium. The war cameras, which
-had perpetuated the last wonderful scenes of the conflict,
-were taken to Washington and New York, and the
-Summer fell upon a peaceful people.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">It is the avowed mission of these pages to lay before
-the present generation the vision of War in all its horror
-that those who look upon them may pledge themselves to
-the furtherance of the day &quot;when a cannon will be exhibited
-in public museums, just as an instrument of torture is
-now, and people will be amazed that such a thing could
-have been;&quot; the day when &quot;those two immense groups,
-the United States of America, and the United States of
-Europe,&quot; and the United States of Asia and of Africa,
-&quot;will be seen placed in the presence of each other, extending
-the hand of fellowship across the oceans, exchanging
-their produce, their commerce, their industries, their arts,
-their genius; clearing the earth, peopling the desert,
-improving creation under the eye of the Creator, and uniting
-for the good of all, these two irresistible and infinite
-powers&mdash;the fraternity of men and the power of God!&quot;</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page98" id="page98"></a>[pg&nbsp;98]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THE first days of 1865 around
-Petersburg were a hard
-strain on the soldiers. The
-winter&#39;s siege had been severe.
-The Confederates were desperate.
-Unable to break the Federal
-lines at Dinwiddie, Five Forks, or any
-of the many combats that were continually
-taking place, defeat and annihilation
-awaited them. On the first
-of April the entire artillery forces in
-the trenches before Petersburg began
-a tremendous cannonading which
-continued until dawn. The Union
-troops during the night tightened their
-lines around Petersburg until the following
-morning, which was Sunday.
-At daylight, on Monday, the third of
-April, Lee evacuated Petersburg and
-the Union forces entered the city
-about nine o&#39;clock. Cameras were
-soon taken through the gates and during
-the day several photographs were
-taken, including a negative of the
-trenches containing the dead. This
-photograph shows a company of colored
-infantry. There were 186,097
-colored troops enlisted in the Civil
-War. In many conflicts they showed
-great bravery, especially during the
-siege of Petersburg. An instance of
-their great courage was the attempt
-to break through the Confederate
-lines by tunneling under one of the
-fortifications and blowing it up with
-the charge of eight thousand pounds
-of powder. In the smoke of the explosion
-the colored troops charged
-through the crater and up the slope
-beyond, only to meet with a terrific
-fire in which hundreds of colored heroes
-were mown down like grass,
-with no hope of anyone reaching the
-crest, but they held to the charge until
-ordered to retire. The engagements
-around Petersburg during its
-last nine months cost the Union Army
-more than thirty thousand men.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i189.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i189t.jpg" width="400" height="275" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE COLORED INFANTRY WAS MOVING TO THE BATTLEGROUND</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page99" id="page99"></a>[pg&nbsp;99]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THIS witness of a remarkable
-sight is so old that it will be
-noted that the tree at the
-right of the picture is being
-eaten away from the original negative.
-It lays before the eyes of all
-generations the view of the first
-wagon train entering Petersburg
-with provisions for the starving inhabitants
-after one of the greatest
-sieges in history. It was on Sunday
-night, about ten o&#39;clock, the second
-day of April, in 1865, that the resolute
-Lee marshalled his troops for the
-evacuation of Petersburg. At three
-on the following morning the stronghold
-of the Confederacy was left to
-the Union forces. At nine on the
-same morning General Grant rode
-into the deserted city. The remaining
-inhabitants were panic-stricken
-and in a destitute condition. Many
-of them had escaped with their beloved
-leader while others, in abject terror,
-secluded themselves in their homes.
-Grant, with his staff, rode quietly
-through the streets until he came to a
-comfortable-looking brick house, with
-a yard in front, where he dismounted
-and took a seat on the veranda. The
-gentle manner of the great general
-found a response in the hearts of
-those who had feared him. Citizens
-soon gathered on the sidewalk and
-gazed with curiosity on the Union
-commander. News of the hunger of
-the people was hurried along the line.
-Great wagon trains of provisions
-struggled for miles through roadways
-choked with prisoners, stragglers
-and wounded. This photograph
-was taken as the first division, loaded
-with barrels of flour, pork, coffee,
-sugar, and other necessaries, rolled
-into Petersburg. With the brotherly
-affection that even the madness of
-war cannot destroy, the men in blue
-came to those devoted to the gray,
-not as enemies, but as fellowmen ever
-willing to relieve the suffering. The
-humanity of war is here exemplified.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i190.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i190t.jpg" width="400" height="323" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE GOVERNMENT PROVISION TRAINS WERE ENTERING PETERSBURG AFTER EVACUATION IN 1865</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page100" id="page100"></a>[pg&nbsp;100]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i191.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i191t.jpg" width="400" height="259" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS GUNBOAT &quot;SANTIAGO DE CUBA&quot; SAILED ON THE FORT FISHER EXPEDITION</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">THE largest fleet that had ever
-been assembled under one
-command in the history of
-the American Navy concentrated
-before Fort Fisher, North Carolina,
-late in 1864. It included nearly
-sixty vessels, of which five were ironclads,
-and the three largest United
-States steam frigates, &quot;Minnesota,&quot;
-&quot;Colorado&quot; and &quot;Wabash,&quot; and was
-accompanied by one of the war cameras.
-The total number of guns and
-howitzers of the fleet were over
-six hundred, and the weight of projectiles
-at a single discharge of all the
-guns, both broadsides, was over
-twenty-two tons. The Atlantic and
-Gulf coast were almost entirely in the
-Government possession and the Navy
-was prepared to strike its decisive
-blow. Fort Fisher was now the most
-important Confederate naval position.
-The first attack took place in the night
-of December twenty-third, when a
-powder-boat was exploded under the
-towering walls of the old fort. It
-was believed that it was leveled to the
-ground, but in the morning the grim
-fort stood absolutely uninjured with
-its flag floating defiantly. An attack
-was then led by the ironclads, followed
-by the monitors and frigates.
-A naval officer in describing it says:
-&quot;Their sides seemed a sheet of flame,
-and the roar of their guns like a
-mighty thunderbolt.&quot; The enemy
-took refuge in their bomb-proofs.
-Owing to misunderstanding between
-army and navy the fort was not taken.
-An excellent photograph was secured
-of one of the gunboats in the Fort
-Fisher expedition&mdash;the &quot;Santiago de
-Cuba,&quot; and the negative is one
-of the finest naval pictures ever taken.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page101" id="page101"></a>[pg&nbsp;101]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i192.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i192t.jpg" width="400" height="394" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">INTERIOR VIEW OF FORT FISHER IN 1865</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i193.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i193t.jpg" width="400" height="387" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">DISMANTLED GUN AT FORT FISHER IN 1865</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i194.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i194t.jpg" width="400" height="307" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT FORT FISHER, NORTH CAROLINA, SHOWING DESTRUCTION OF GUN CARRIAGE IN 1865</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page102" id="page102"></a>[pg&nbsp;102]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THE last stronghold of the
-Southern Confederacy on the
-Atlantic Coast fell early in
-1865. On the twelfth of January
-operations were agreed upon for
-the final assault on Fort Fisher and a
-photograph was taken of the fleet as
-it lay off the coast. On the morning
-of the thirteenth the ironclads opened
-a terrific fire. Fort Fisher was at
-this time much stronger than at the
-first attack. Troops had reinforced
-the garrison. Damages from the first
-bombardment had been repaired and
-new defenses added. In describing
-the downfall of the fort one who participated
-says: &quot;I believe there had
-never before been such a storm of
-shell in any naval engagement. At
-noon on the fifteenth the attempt was
-made for the sailors and marines to
-land. From thirty-five of the sixty
-ships of the fleet boats were lowered,
-and with flags flying, pulled toward
-the beach in line abreast, a most spirited
-scene. The sailors were armed
-with cutlasses and pistols. The great
-land battery, the artillery and a thousand
-rifles opened fire from Fort
-Fisher. The daring sailors found
-themselves packed like sheep in a
-death pen, under a most galling fire.&quot;
-The army pressed forward under
-General Terry&#39;s command, fighting its
-way from traverse to traverse, overpowering
-the garrison, and finally
-driving the Confederates from their
-last refuge. Fort Fisher fell on the
-fifteenth of January. The casualties
-in the fleet amounted to 309, while
-Terry&#39;s command lost 110 killed and
-536 wounded&mdash;a total of nearly 1,000
-men. With the fall of Fort Fisher
-and its seventy-five guns, the Confederates
-abandoned Fort Caswell
-and all the works on Smith&#39;s Island;
-all those between Caswell and Smithville
-up to the battery on Reeve&#39;s
-Point on the west side of the river.
-This photograph of the fleet that took
-Fort Fisher shows the ships assembling
-off the coast. The negative
-was secured under much difficulty.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i195.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i195t.jpg" width="400" height="308" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS GREATEST FLEET CARRYING AMERICAN FLAG WAS PREPARING TO ATTACK FORT FISHER IN 1865</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page103" id="page103"></a>[pg&nbsp;103]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i196.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i196t.jpg" width="400" height="317" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE ADMIRAL PORTER AND STAFF WERE ON FLAGSHIP &quot;MALVERN&quot; IN FORT FISHER EXPEDITION IN 1865</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">THE Civil War was a great
-practical demonstration of
-naval vessels propelled by
-steam. The whole system of
-naval tactics had undergone a great
-change. The guns had become vastly
-more powerful; war ships were now
-protected by a light armor, and the
-torpedo had found its way into successful
-employment. The normal
-strength of the Navy at the beginning
-of the war was ninety vessels; fifty of
-these were sailing ships, worthy vessels
-in years gone by, but now left behind
-by progress. There were forty
-vessels propelled by steam and many
-of these were scattered on the high
-seas. As the war progressed, the
-Navy was increased and at its close
-had nearly six hundred ships, including
-every variety of merchantman and
-river steamboat roughly adapted in
-navy-yards for war services. There
-were built or projected during the
-war nearly sixty ironclads. At the
-beginning of the war the total number
-of officers of all grades in the Navy
-was 1,457, and during its progress the
-number was increased to 7,500,
-chiefly from the merchant marine.
-The normal strength of seamen,
-which was 7,600, rose during the war
-to 51,500. The South entered upon
-the war without any naval preparation
-and with very limited resources,
-but by purchases and seizures
-equipped a considerable fleet. Toward
-the close of the conflict the war photographers
-secured a large number
-of negatives during naval demonstrations.
-Among those here presented
-is Admiral David D. Porter and staff
-on his flagship, &quot;Malvern,&quot; on the
-Fort Fisher Expedition. The gallant
-admiral may be seen standing in the
-center of the group. A picture is on
-the following page of Major-General
-A. H. Terry and staff, in command of
-the land demonstrations around Fort
-Fisher, and on whom special honors
-were conferred by Congress for his
-courageous leadership in the attack.
-These photographs witness the last
-great naval demonstration of the war.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page104" id="page104"></a>[pg&nbsp;104]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i197.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i197t.jpg" width="400" height="159" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PANORAMIC VIEW OF FORT FISHER, NORTH CAROLINA, IN 1865</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i198.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i198t.jpg" width="400" height="217" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">MAJOR-GENERAL ALFRED H. TERRY AND STAFF AT FORT FISHER</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i199.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i199t.jpg" width="326" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">ENGLISH ARMSTRONG GUN IN FORT FISHER</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page105" id="page105"></a>[pg&nbsp;105]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i200.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i200t.jpg" width="400" height="224" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">RUINS OF COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA, FROM THE CAPITOL&mdash;SHELLED
-BY SHERMAN, FEBRUARY 16, 1865&mdash;PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN BY BRADY WHILE RUINS WERE SMOKING</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i201.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i201t.jpg" width="294" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">RUINS OF DEPOT WHERE TWO HUNDRED PERSONS
-WERE BLOWN UP ON EVACUATION OF CHARLESTON</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i202.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i202t.jpg" width="333" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">RUINS OF SECESSION HALL AT CHARLESTON AFTER
-SURRENDER, FEBRUARY 18, 1865</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">THE final blows of the Civil War came quick and sharp. Grant had taken
-Petersburg; Thomas had annihilated the Confederate forces under Hood
-along the Mississippi River; Sherman had swept through Georgia and
-overrun the Carolinas. Exactly four years after the inauguration of Jefferson
-Davis as President of the Confederacy, historic Columbia and Charleston,
-South Carolina, surrendered. The closing days sowed flame and devastation.
-The war cameras followed Sherman&#39;s Army into Columbia and the old negatives
-tell the tragedy of the destroyed Confederate cities. One of them here reproduced
-is historic Secession Hall in ruins. It was here that the first Ordinance of Secession
-was passed. This view shows the historic edifice as it appeared when the
-Union troops took possession of the city. Adjoining the Hall are the ruins of
-Central Church, and in the background is St. Phillips Church. The fall of
-Columbia occurred on February 12, 1865. Charleston surrendered the following
-day, and the Federal Government took possession. One of these photographs
-shows the ruins of the Northeastern Railroad Depot at Charleston where two
-hundred persons were blown up on the day of evacuation, February 17, 1865.
-Sherman moved on through North Carolina and fought his last battle at Bentonville,
-where the National loss was 1,604 men and the Confederate loss 2,342.
-During these last days of the war occurred a disaster on the Mississippi River.
-The &quot;Sultana&quot; was on her journey from New Orleans to St. Louis, receiving on
-board 1,964 Union prisoners from Columbia, Salisbury, Andersonville and other
-Confederate prisons. Anxious to proceed North, little heed was given that the
-ship was already carrying a heavy load of passengers on board, occupying every
-foot of available space on all the decks to the tops of the cabins and the wheelhouse,
-and on the twenty-seventh of April, when about eight miles above
-Memphis, one of her boilers blew up. The dead at the scene numbered 1,500.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i203.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i203t.jpg" width="400" height="219" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">STEAMER &quot;SULTANA&quot; CONVEYING EXCHANGED UNION PRISONERS&mdash;DESTROYED IN MISSISSIPPI RIVER IN 1865</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page106" id="page106"></a>[pg&nbsp;106]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">IN the hospitals of the army during
-the Civil War 6,049,648
-cases were treated by the officers
-of the Medical Department.
-The medical skill of the surgeons and
-physicians is evidenced by the fact
-that only 185,353 of these patients
-died during their detention in the hospitals.
-While a large number of
-these soldiers suffered from gunshot
-wounds, the disease of chronic diarrh&oelig;a
-was nearly as fatal, and its
-deadliness was closely followed by
-the ravages of typhoid fever and lung
-diseases. It is estimated that 285,245
-men were discharged during the war
-for disability. A tribute should be
-paid to the nobility of the hospital
-corps. Many noble men and women
-did great service to their country in
-relieving the sufferings that followed
-the battles. After many of the terrific
-conflicts the ground was strewn
-with the dead and dying. The
-wounded, in whom there was a hope
-of life, were given immediate care
-and hurried on stretchers to nearby
-houses and barns from which floated
-the yellow flag of the Medical Department.
-Large hospital tents were
-erected near the scene of battle. At
-times all the rooms in the surrounding
-farmhouses were full of wounded;
-the injured men were laid on
-cornstalks and hay in the barns.
-Sometimes it was impossible to find
-shelter for them all and they were
-laid on boards inclined against fences.
-Many of the large trees formed a
-shelter for a temporary hospital,
-where the men were laid in rows
-while the attendants administered to
-their wants. In no previous war in
-the history of the world was so much
-done to alleviate suffering as in the
-War of 1861-1865. But notwithstanding
-all that was done, the
-wounded suffered horribly. After
-any great battle it required several
-days and nights of steady work before
-all the wounded men were gathered.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i204.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i204t.jpg" width="400" height="302" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE AMBULANCE CORPS WERE REMOVING WOUNDED SOLDIERS TO THE FIELD HOSPITAL</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page107" id="page107"></a>[pg&nbsp;107]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i205.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i205t.jpg" width="400" height="386" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">SMOKESTACK OF EXPLODED RAM &quot;VIRGINIA&quot; IN 1865</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i206.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i206t.jpg" width="394" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY ON WHARVES NEAR RICHMOND</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i207.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i207t.jpg" width="398" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">RUINED LOCOMOTIVE AFTER FALL OF RICHMOND IN 1865</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i208.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i208t.jpg" width="400" height="250" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">AMBULANCE CONVEYING JEFFERSON DAVIS AFTER HIS CAPTURE&mdash;PASSING
-THROUGH THE STREETS OF MACON, GEORGIA</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">JEFFERSON DAVIS was at St. Paul&#39;s Church, in Richmond, at the usual
-hour of Sunday morning worship when he received the message that
-Petersburg was being evacuated and Lee&#39;s lines were irreparably broken.
-The sexton walked up to Davis&#39;s pew and whispered a few words in the
-President&#39;s ear. The members of the Cabinet received similar calls. From
-church to church the note of warning was communicated. By two o&#39;clock everybody
-in Richmond knew that the city was to be abandoned. The Presidential
-party with difficulty made its way through the excited crowd which thronged
-and blocked the streets. Davis began his flight by boarding a train and went
-as far as Danville where, on April 4, 1865, he began to establish a new seat of
-government. The following day he issued a proclamation to his people, only
-to again flee to Greensborough, North Carolina, where he remained in a railroad
-car. On reaching Charlotte, he threw off the semblance of authority and planned
-to reach Texas. The flight was continued through South Carolina and into
-Macon, Georgia. In the meantime, a reward of $100,000 was offered for the
-apprehension of Davis. He was finally captured in a camp in the woods near
-Irwinsville, Georgia, while trying to escape in a lady&#39;s waterproof coat, gathered
-at the waist, with a shawl thrown over the head, and carrying a tin pail. This
-remarkable photograph was taken while the Confederate President was being
-carried as a prisoner in an ambulance through the streets of Macon. He was
-conveyed to Fortress Monroe, for safe keeping, on May 22, 1865, and was
-finally allowed his freedom on bail and never brought to trial. Brady entered
-Richmond with his cameras a few hours after the departure of Davis and these
-negatives witness the ruins. The great tobacco warehouses had been destroyed
-and the ironclad rams on the river had been blown up. The city was being pillaged.
-The Union troops entered as conquerors and immediately set to work
-with a will to extinguish the flames which wrought great destruction and havoc.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page108" id="page108"></a>[pg&nbsp;108]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">RICHMOND was a mass of
-flames on the third of April,
-in 1865. As the Federal
-forces entered the city it was
-a scene of terrible splendor. The explosion
-of magazines caused the earth
-to rock and tremble as with the shock
-of an earthquake. The flames were
-leaping from building to building until
-thirty squares were ablaze, consuming
-over one thousand structures.
-Prisoners were liberated from the
-penitentiary and the torch was applied
-to it. Men, women and children,
-faint from hunger, fled from their
-homes. The provision depots were
-battered at the doors and forced open
-in the demoniacal struggle against
-starvation. The gutters ran with
-whiskey, and men fell to their knees
-and lapped it as it flowed through the
-streets. The clatter of the hoofs of
-the horses added to the tumult as the
-Union troops entered the city. At
-daylight the approach of the Federal
-forces could be plainly discerned. The
-war cameras came into Richmond with
-the army. The Union soldiers began
-to fight the flames, blowing up houses
-to check their advance. There was a
-cavalry rush for Libby prison to bring
-freedom to the Union soldiers confined
-within its walls, but upon reaching
-it not a guard nor an inmate remained.
-The doors were wide open.
-An old negro placidly remarked:
-&quot;Dey&#39;s all gone, massa!&quot; The day
-following a mighty cheer was heard
-near the abandoned residence of Jefferson
-Davis. President Lincoln
-walked down the street with his usual
-long, careless stride. After viewing
-the situation and impressing upon
-the officers his desire that they exert
-the most humane influences, Lincoln
-returned to Washington. One of the
-most valuable negatives in the Civil
-War collection is the ruins of Richmond
-on the day that Lincoln inspected
-the condition of the city.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i209.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i209t.jpg" width="400" height="313" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN OF THE RUINS AT RICHMOND THE DAY AFTER ITS EVACUATION IN 1865</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page109" id="page109"></a>[pg&nbsp;109]</span></p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i210.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i210t.jpg" width="400" height="291" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT THE MCLEAN HOUSE AT APPOMATTOX THE DAY THAT LEE SURRENDERED TO GRANT, APRIL 9, 1865</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">WHEN Lee, with the remnant
-of his army, fled
-from Richmond and Petersburg,
-he was closely
-pursued by Grant and attacked vigorously
-at every approach. For seventy
-miles it was a race that was
-marked by a long track of blood.
-There were collisions at Jestersville,
-Detonville, Deep Creek, Paine&#39;s Cross
-Roads, and Farmville. At Sailor&#39;s
-Creek the Confederate lines were
-broken by Custer. The Confederate
-General Ewell, with four other generals
-and his entire corps, were captured
-and on the eighth of April the
-Southern Army, under Lee, was
-completely surrounded. Lee had but
-28,000 men left and his brave dead
-were lying in heaps along the route of
-his retreat. Hemmed in at Appomattox
-Court House a last desperate
-effort was made to cut through the
-Federal cavalry. He was gaining
-ground when Sheridan&#39;s bugles rang
-out the signal for a general charge
-and a halt was called under a flag of
-truce. The two historic armies never
-exchanged another shot. General
-Lee left his camp on the morning of
-April 8 and was conducted to the
-McLean house, where he found General
-Grant awaiting him. The actual
-surrender took place on April 12,
-1865. The Confederate officers and
-men were paroled. Lee returned to
-his men and bade them farewell.
-The scene was one of the most pathetic
-in the records of war. The
-Confederate veterans wept like children
-as they looked upon the face of
-their beloved leader. His last words
-to his men were: &quot;You will take with
-you the satisfaction that proceeds
-from the consciousness of duty faithfully
-performed. I earnestly pray
-that a merciful God will extend to you
-His blessing and protection.&quot; A few
-hours after Lee&#39;s surrender this photograph
-was taken at Appomattox.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page110" id="page110"></a>[pg&nbsp;110]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">IT is here in these closing pages
-the sad duty of these wonderful
-old negatives to record one of
-the deepest tragedies in the
-history of the world. In it the greatest
-Republic of the earth, at the close of
-the most terrific conflict ever waged
-by fellow countrymen, saw its champion
-of Liberty fall at the hands of an
-assassin. The great Lincoln looked
-forward to years of peace among a
-re-united people. On the night of
-April 14, 1865, he was murdered at
-Ford&#39;s Theater. The bitter tidings
-swept the country. The American
-Nation was bowed down with grief.
-The rendezvous of the conspirators
-was found to be the house of Mrs. M.
-E. Surratt, located in the very heart
-of Washington. Mrs. Surratt, her
-daughter Anna, Miss Fitzpatrick and
-a Miss Holahan were arrested.
-George A. Atzerott, and one named
-Powell, were later captured. The
-principal assassin, John Wilkes Booth,
-was found eleven days after the
-murder and was shot when he refused
-to surrender. His companion,
-Harold, who had been a fugitive with
-him, was taken prisoner. The trial
-of the conspirators took place in
-Washington before a military commission.
-On July 6, 1865, sentence
-was pronounced and on the following
-day the four conspirators&mdash;Harold,
-Atzerott, Powell and Mrs. Surratt&mdash;were
-hanged. Two of Brady&#39;s cameras
-were taken into the prison yard
-and placed near the scaffold. When the
-warrant was being read one camera
-was used and the historic view is now
-in the Eaton Collection. When the
-drop was sprung, the second negative
-was exposed and the tragic scene is
-here recorded. Mrs. Surratt is hanging
-at the left. The ghastliness was
-such that many of the guards turned
-their heads. It is believed to be the
-first time that the camera has been
-used to perpetuate the execution of
-political conspirators. The negatives
-are in excellent condition and their
-historic value is beyond purchase.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i211.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i211t.jpg" width="400" height="318" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN PRISON YARD IN WASHINGTON AT HANGING OF MRS. SURRATT AND THE LINCOLN ASSASSINATION CONSPIRATORS IN 1865</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page111" id="page111"></a>[pg&nbsp;111]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THE funeral procession of Lincoln
-as it passed through
-New York was witnessed by
-nearly a million people. The
-body was taken to Springfield, Ohio,
-his old home town to which he had
-not returned since he left it to go to
-Washington as President of the
-United States. Lincoln was buried
-at Oak Ridge Cemetery, about two
-miles from Springfield. Immediately
-after the close of the war the Government
-began inquiry into the cruelties
-alleged to have taken place in many of
-the prisons. The result was the arrest
-of Captain Henry Wirtz, the jailor at
-Andersonville. He was given trial
-before a military commission and
-convicted of brutally murdering Union
-prisoners. Wirtz was sentenced to
-death and hanged on the tenth of November,
-1865. The execution took
-place in Washington within short distance
-of the National Capitol, and
-Brady&#39;s cameras were taken into the
-prison yard. The negative was taken
-as the condemned man stood on the
-scaffold, with head bowed, listening
-to the reading of his death warrant.
-Another negative was secured after
-the noose had been tightened around
-his neck and the drop had been
-sprung. The photographs perpetuate
-a tragic moment. It will be seen that
-the soldiers on guard were standing
-at &quot;attention.&quot; The evidence against
-Wirtz was overwhelming. Many
-witnesses testified to the cruelty of
-the accused man and the horrors enacted
-within the dead lines at Andersonville.
-Prisoners were forced to
-go forty-eight hours without food.
-Many of them became insane; others
-committed suicide. There were deliberate,
-cold-blooded murders of
-peaceable men. No opportunities
-were afforded for cleanliness and the
-prisoners were covered with vermin.
-The execution of Wirtz met public
-approval and this photograph shows
-him in his last moments of life.</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i212.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i212t.jpg" width="400" height="319" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE DEATH WARRANT WAS BEING READ TO WIRTZ, THE KEEPER OF ANDERSONVILLE PRISON IN 1865</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i213.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i213t.jpg" width="276" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">HERO OF THE AMERICANS WHO WORE THE BLUE</p>
-
-<p class="indent"><small>Ulysses Simpson Grant&mdash;Born at Point Pleasant, Ohio, April 27, 1822&mdash;Died at
-Mt. Gregor, New York, July 23, 1885&mdash;Graduated from West Point in 1843 and
-fought gallantly under the Stars and Stripes in the War against Mexico&mdash;Commander-in-chief
-of the victorious Union Army in the Civil War in the United
-States&mdash;This photograph was taken when he was forty-two years of age, during
-the Civil War, and was never before published&mdash;It is protected by copyright</small></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">AMERICANS&mdash;true to the blue or true to
-the gray&mdash;bow in reverence to the memory
-of these two great fellow countrymen&mdash;the
-greatest leaders that mankind
-has ever followed. Under the same beloved flag
-they fought in their early days, only to stand
-arrayed against each other as foes in their latter
-days, and to finally die as loyal Americans. Never
-before has the public looked upon these photographs,
-which were taken by the war cameras at
-Appomattox at the end of the war. When
-Lee offered his sword to Grant it was courteously
-returned to him. The two gallant generals
-lifted their hats and parted forever. Grant
-mounted his horse, and started with his staff for
-Washington. Lee set out for Richmond, a
-broken-hearted man. The armies returning
-from the field were brought to Washington for a
-grand review and mustered out of service. The
-news of Lee&#39;s surrender passed from army to
-army through the South and West, and six weeks
-later the last gun had been fired and musket laid
-down in the Civil War of the United States. In
-closing these pages, acknowledgment is made to
-the many eminent historians whose scholarly
-works have been consulted and quoted in narrating
-the incidents surrounding these photographs.
-Mr. Edward B. Eaton, who has prepared this
-remarkable presentation from his valuable collection;
-Mr. Francis T. Miller, the editor and
-writer of this book; and Mr. George E. Tracy,
-associated with Mr. Eaton in placing this volume
-before the public, wish to express their
-appreciation for the cordial interest taken in the
-work by the department commanders of the
-Grand Army of the Republic, many of whom
-testify to having seen the Brady cameras on the
-battlefield when these negatives were being taken.
-To these men&mdash;and to all who witnessed the
-scenes herein perpetuated&mdash;this book is dedicated
-with the benediction of the victorious Grant:</p>
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i214.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i214t.jpg" width="276" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">HERO OF THE AMERICANS WHO WORE THE GRAY</p>
-
-<p class="indent"><small>Robert Edward Lee&mdash;Born at Stratford, Virginia, January 19, 1807&mdash;Died at Lexington,
-Virginia, October 12, 1870&mdash;Graduated at West Point in 1829 and fought
-gallantly under the Stars and Stripes in the War against Mexico&mdash;Commander-in-chief
-of the vanquished Confederate Army in the Civil War in the United
-States&mdash;This photograph was taken when he was fifty-seven years of age, during
-the Civil War, and was never before published&mdash;It is protected by copyright</small></p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="bbox">
-<p class="h1">&quot;LET US HAVE PEACE&quot;</p>
-</div>
-
-<p class="cnobmargin"><span class="smcap">the associated publishers of american records</span></p>
-<p class="cnomargins"><span class="smcap">press of the dorman lithographing company</span></p>
-<p class="cnomargins"><span class="smcap">new haven, connecticut</span></p>
-<p class="cnotmargin"><span class="smcap">halftone engravings by robert weller, hartford, connecticut</span></p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page115" id="page115"></a>[pg&nbsp;115]</span></p>
-
-<p class="center">THE EDWARD B. EATON COLLECTION OF ORIGINAL PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE CIVIL WAR</p>
-
-<blockquote>
-<p>PARTIAL LIST OF THE SEVEN THOUSAND NEGATIVES TAKEN UNDER THE PROTECTION OF THE
-SECRET SERVICE BY MATHEW B. BRADY AND ALEXANDER GARDNER ON THE BATTLEFIELDS OF
-THE CIVIL WAR IN THE UNITED STATES DURING THE YEARS 1861&mdash;1862&mdash;1863&mdash;1864&mdash;1865&mdash;AND
-NOW SAFELY STORED IN THE PRIVATE VAULT OF THE OWNER AT HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT</p>
-</blockquote>
-
-<p class="indent">THE Eaton Collection of Original Photographs of
-the Civil War, the full history of which is given
-in the introductory to this Volume, is now for
-the first time unveiled to the public. In presenting
-the reproductions in this book the owner of this
-remarkable collection has protected them fully by copyright
-and warns the public against infringers. Mr.
-Eaton is the sole owner of these original negatives, which
-are valued at $150,000, and henceforth, any other reproduction
-must be with his written authority or it is an infringement.
-That the public may become fully acquainted
-with the negatives in this official collection, experts are
-now at work drawing two prints from each negative,
-protecting them under copyright, and identifying, arranging
-and preparing them for a complete catalogue. In
-several instances the label which the photographer placed
-on the negatives when he made the photograph, over
-forty years ago, has been lost. These are being carefully
-identified by veterans of the Civil War who offer affidavits
-to having been on the scene. At present there are
-still many views that are labeled &quot;unknown.&quot; It is nearing
-a half century since the sun painted these real scenes
-of that great War, and some negatives have undergone
-chemical changes which make it difficult to secure
-&quot;prints&quot; from them. There can be no substitution, as the
-scenes represented on the old glass plates have passed
-away forever. The great value of these pictures is apparent.
-Several negatives are entirely past printing and all
-of them require retouching by old-time photographers who
-understand the process. Even to the thinning ranks of
-heroes of the Civil War the scenes of 1861-1865 are but a
-fading memory; cherished, it is true, and often called up
-from among the dim pictures of the past, but after all,
-only the vision of a dream. Artists have painted and
-sketched and engraved, with more or less fidelity to fact
-and detail, those &quot;scenes of trial and danger.&quot; Their
-pictures can be but imaginary conceptions of the artist.
-Fortunately, our Government authorized courageous photographers
-to skillfully secure with their cameras the reflection,
-as in a mirror, of the thrilling scenes of the conflict.
-These views vividly renew the memories of the
-war days. The camp, the march, the battlefields, the
-forts and trenches, the wounded, the prisoners, the dead,
-the hurriedly-made graves, and many other of those once
-familiar scenes are photographically portrayed and perpetuated.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">As a record of a crisis in the history of the world, these
-negatives are worth their weight in gold. Their value is
-such that they cannot be handled, except with great care,
-or removed for exhibition purposes. They are in a vault
-in Hartford, Connecticut, where the owner is very willing
-to allow the public, especially the Veterans of the Civil
-War, to examine them. It is desired to have the old negatives
-become of as much service to the public-at-large
-as possible and for this purpose is compiled this partial
-catalogue from the collection. Whenever the condition
-of the negative permits, Mr. Eaton is willing to allow the
-privilege of printing a proof. This is especially granted
-to Old Soldiers or Grand Army Posts who desire certain
-original photographs of scenes in which they participated.
-The service of this collection, inasmuch as it pertains to
-commendable purposes, is here extended to the American
-People who are no longer &quot;Federal&quot; and &quot;Confederate.&quot;</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page116" id="page116"></a>[pg&nbsp;116]</span></p>
-
-<p class="indent">THIS is a partial list of the negatives in the Eaton Collection of Original
-Negatives taken on the Battlefields during the Civil War of the United
-States, under the protection of the Secret Service. They include all
-phases of army life. The cameras followed, not only the Eastern Army
-and the Army of the West, but accompanied the Naval Fleets and were present
-in many demonstrations. Veterans of the Civil War are cordially invited to visit
-Hartford and inspect these negatives. Proofs will be taken from any negative
-here registered, for Grand Army Veterans or Posts, providing sufficient reasons
-are given with the request, which should be sent direct to the owner of the collection,
-Mr. Edward B. Eaton, Hartford, Connecticut.</p>
-
-<p class="center">ARMY OF POTOMAC</p>
-
-<p class="center"><span class="smcap">April, 1861, to August, 1861.</span></p>
-
-<p class="center"><i>Three Months&#39; Campaign.</i></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Long Bridge. Washington, D. C., L.7824.</span>
-<span class="i0">Christ church, Alexandria, where General Washington attended, S.2301.</span>
-<span class="i0">Marshall House, Alexandria, Va., S.1189.</span>
-<span class="i0">Slave-pen, Alexandria, Va., L.7264. S.1003, S.1174.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of Norfolk navy-yard, 8.984.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of Harper&#39;s Ferry arsenal, S.655.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of bridge across Potomac River at Berlin, S.658.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fairfax court-house, S.298.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fairfax seminary, S.2322.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fairfax church, S.2323.</span>
-<span class="i0">Taylor&#39;s tavern, near Fall&#39;s Church, S.2320.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cub Run, S.307.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bull Hun, S.1111.</span>
-<span class="i0">Battlefield of Bull Run, S.1046.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of stone bridge, Bull Run, L.7082, S.310, S.312.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sudley church, S.315, S.316, S.1017, S.1148.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sudley Ford, Bull Run, S.313, S.314.</span>
-<span class="i0">Thorburn&#39;s house, Bull Run, S.317.</span>
-<span class="i0">Matthews&#39;s house, Bull Run, S.318.</span>
-<span class="i0">Robinson&#39;s house, Bull Run, S.319, S.1176.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of Henry&#39;s house, Bull Run, S.320.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of General Beauregard (confederate) at Manassas, S.327.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stone church, Centreville, S.302.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mrs. Spinner&#39;s house, near Centreville, S.308, S.309.</span>
-<span class="i0">Grigsby House (Stevens&#39;s house), near Centreville, S.1163, S.303.</span>
-<span class="i0">Soldier&#39; graves, Bull Run, S.321.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dedication of monument on battlefield of Bull Run, L.7362, L.7363, L.7364.</span>
-<span class="i0">Monument on battlefield of Bull Run, L.7532, S.1193, S.1194.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">  ARMY OF POTOMAC.</p>
-
-<p class="center">  <span class="smcap">August, 1861, to March, 1862.</span></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of General McClellan at Fairfax Court House, Va., (also used by General Beauregard) L.7142, S.299.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of Tenth Massachusetts Infantry, S.2421.</span>
-<span class="i0">Signal tower near camp of Fourteenth New York Infantry, S.2352.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of Thirty-fifth New York Infantry, S.2422.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of Seventy-first New York Infantry, S.2413, S.2415.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of Thirty-first Pennsylvania Infantry, Queen&#39;s farm, near</span>
-<span class="i0">Fort Slocum, Virginia, S.2409, S.2410, S.2412.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp scenes in camp of Thirty-first Pennsylvania Infantry, S.2405, S.2406.</span>
-<span class="i0">Review of Dwight&#39;s brigade, 8.2419, S.2420.</span>
-<span class="i0">Newspaper dealer in camp, C.1378.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sunday services in camp of Sixty-ninth New York Infantry, S.3713.</span>
-<span class="i0">Professor Lowe&#39;s balloon, S.2349, S.2350.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">ARMY OF POTOMAC.</p>
-
-<p class="center"><span class="smcap">March, 1862, to July, 1862.</span></p>
-
-<p class="center"><i>Peninsula Campaign.</i></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Battery No. 1, in front of Yorktown, L.7094, S.361, S.362, S.363, S.364, S.365.</span>
-<span class="i0">Battery No. 4, in front of Yorktown, S.373, S.374, S.375, S.376, S.377, S.378, S.379, S.380.</span>
-<span class="i0">Naval battery in front of Yorktown, S.463.</span>
-<span class="i0">Battery Magruder (confederate), Yorktown, S.2360, S.2361, S.2362.</span>
-<span class="i0">Confederate fortifications, Yorktown, S.450, S.451, S.452, S.453, S.458, S.1026, S.2364, S.2365, S.2366, S.2367, S.2368, S.2369, S.2425.</span>
-<span class="i0">Confederate fortifications, Yorktown, with exploded gun, S.455. S.2370.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ravine at Yorktown in which confederate magazines located, S.447.</span>
-<span class="i0">Confederate water battery at Gloucester Point, S.454, S.457, S.460, S.461.</span>
-<span class="i0">Yorktown Landing, S.2383.</span>
-<span class="i0">Artillery park at Yorktown Landing, S.2358.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wagon park at Yorktown Landing, S.2357.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sally-port at Yorktown, S.2371.</span>
-<span class="i0">Street view in Yorktown, S.2372.</span>
-<span class="i0">Court-house, Yorktown, S.2375, S.2376.</span>
-<span class="i0">Church, used as Second Corps hospital, Yorktown, S.2374.</span>
-<span class="i0">Baptist church and hospital of Third Division, Sixth Corps, Yorktown, S.2373.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cornwallis&#39;s headquarters during Revolutionary war, S.2336.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of General Magruder (confederate), Yorktown, Va.,</span>
-<span class="i0">S.449.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cornwallis Cave, Yorktown, used by confederates for magazine, S.2379, S.2380.</span>
-<span class="i0">Captain Perkins&#39;s &quot;Secesh,&quot; horse captured at Cornwallis Cave, Yorktown, S.2381.</span>
-<span class="i0">Confederate winter quarters near Yorktown, S.2377.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp scene in front of Yorktown&mdash;quarters of Dr. Grant and Dr. Dwight, of French&#39;s brigade, S.2378.</span>
-<span class="i0">Farnhold&#39;s house, near Yorktown, May, 1862, S.360.</span>
-<span class="i0">Moore&#39;s house, near Yorktown, S.462.</span>
-<span class="i0">Clark&#39;s house, near Yorktown&mdash;used as hospital, S.371.</span>
-<span class="i0">House used by General La Fayette during Revolutionary war as Headquarters, S.369, S.372.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tabb&#39;s house, Yorktown, L.7413.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Camp Winfield Scott, headquarters Army of Potomac, in front of Yorktown, May, 1862:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;views of camp, S.350, S.367, S.368.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Prince de Joinville, Duc de Chartres, Comte de Paris, English army officers, and officers of General McClellan&#39;s staff, S.352, S.353, S.354.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;staff and foreign officers at General McClellan&#39;s headquarters, S.429, S.355.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Prince de Joinville, Duc de Chartres, and Comte de Paris at</span>
-<span class="i0">mess table, S.356, S.358.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;group of staff officers at General McClellan&#39;s headquarters, S.388.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;group of English officers at General McClellan&#39;s headquarters, S.638.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;topographical engineers, S.366.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;group at photographer&#39;s tent, S.349.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Captain Custer, U. S. A., and Lieutenant Washington, a confederate prisoner, May, 1862, S.428.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;orderlies and servants, S.359, S.444.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp at General Andrew Porter&#39;s headquarters in front of Yorktown, May, 1862, S.370.</span>
-<span class="i0">General Andrew Porter&#39;s staff, May, 1862, S.389.</span>
-<span class="i0">Generals Franklin, Slocum, Barry, and Newton, and staff officers, May, 1862, S.381, S.382.</span>
-<span class="i0">Embarkation at Yorktown for White House Landing, S.2363.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Encampment of Army of Potomac at Cumberland Landing:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;view of camp, L.7597, L.7598, L.7519, L.7648, S.1180.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;views making panoramic view, S.1076, S.1186, S.1212, S.1213, S.1214, S.1219.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;views making panoramic view, S.1215, S.1216, S.1217, S.1218.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;seven views making one panoramic view, S.1220, S.1221, S.1222, S.1223, S.1224, S.1225, S.1226.</span>
-<span class="i0">Foller&#39;s house, Cumberland Landing, S.385.</span>
-<span class="i0">Contrabands at Foller&#39;s house, Cumberland Landing, S.383.</span>
-<span class="i0">White House Landing, S.2485.</span>
-<span class="i0">Conway Landing, S.2490.</span>
-<span class="i0">View of river below White House Landing, S.2489.</span>
-<span class="i0">The White House, former residence of Mrs. Custis Washington, S.384.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of the White House, S.2486.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of Christian Commission, at White House Landing, S.2487.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of bridge across Pamunkey River, near White House Landing, S.386.</span>
-<span class="i0">Saint Peter&#39;s church, near White House, where General Washington was married, S.2302, S.2303.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters Army of Potomac, at Savage Station, June, 1862, S.468.</span>
-<span class="i0">Field hospital, at Savage Station, after battle of June 27, 1862, S.491.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Battlefield of Fair Oaks:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;house used as hospital for Hooker&#39;s division during the battle, S.478, S.479.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;house used as hospital, S.480.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;house near which over four hundred soldiers were buried, S.470.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Sickles&#39;s brigade coming into line in distance, S.471.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Quarle&#39;s house, S.474.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;earthworks at extreme front, S.472.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fort Richardson, near Fair Oaks Station, June, 1862, S.473.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fort Sumner, near Fair Oaks Station, June, 1862, S.476.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp Lincoln, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, S.430.</span>
-<span class="i0">Battery,&mdash;First New York Artillery Battalion, near Fair Oaks,</span>
-<span class="i0">June, 1862, S.443, S.640.</span>
-<span class="i0">Robertson&#39;s Battery of Horse Artillery, Battery B, Second United States Artillery, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, S.642, S.439.</span>
-<span class="i0">Benson&#39;s Battery of Horse Artillery, Battery M, Second United States Artillery, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, S.433, S.641.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gibson&#39;s Battery of Horse Artillery, Battery C, Third United States Artillery, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, S.431.</span>
-<span class="i0">Officers of Brigade of Horse Artillery, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, S.434, S.639.</span>
-<span class="i0">General Stoneman, General Naglee, and staff officers, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, S.436, S.438, S.445.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gun captured by Butterfield&#39;s brigade, near Hanover Court House, S.2353, S.2354.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mechanicsville, Va., S.909.</span>
-<span class="i0">Elliston&#39;s Mill, battlefield of Mechanicsville, S.920.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gaines&#39;s Mill, Va., S.932.</span>
-<span class="i0">Battlefield of Gaines&#39;s Mill, Va., unburied dead, S.914, S.916.</span>
-<span class="i0">Engineer Corps making corduroy roads, June, 1862, S.656.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bridge across Chickahominy River, built by Fifteenth New York</span>
-<span class="i0">Engineers, S.489.</span>
-<span class="i0">Grape Vine Bridge across Chickahominy River, L.7383.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bridge across Chickahominy River, S.930.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bridge across Chickahominy River, Mechanicsville Road, S.913.</span>
-<span class="i0">Telegraph station, Wilcox&#39;s Landing, S.2351.</span>
-<span class="i0">Westover House, James River, S.2334, S.2335.</span>
-<span class="i0">Westover Landing, James River, S.620.</span>
-<span class="i0">Officers of Third and Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry, Westover Landing, S.623, S.629.</span>
-<span class="i0">General W. W. Averell and staff, Westover Landing, S.635.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of Signal Corps camp at Harrison&#39;s Landing, S.621.</span>
-<span class="i0">General Sedgwick, Colonel Sackett, and Lieutenant-Colonel Colburn, Harrison&#39;s Landing, August, 1862, S.653.</span>
-<span class="i0">Group of officers that graduated in class of 1860, United States Military Academy, Harrison&#39;s Landing, August, 1862, S.624.</span>
-<span class="i0">Major Myers, Lieutenant Stryker, and Lieutenant Norton, Harrison&#39;s Landing, August, 1862, S.626.</span>
-<span class="i0">Group of officers belonging to Irish brigade, Harrison&#39;s Landing, July, 1862, S.627.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lieutenants Jones, Bowen, and Custer, May, 1862, S.387.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">ARMY OF POTOMAC.</p>
-
-<p class="center"><span class="smcap">July, 1862, to September, 1862.</span></p>
-
-<p class="center"><i>Pope&#39;s Campaign.</i></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>Centreville, after its evacuation by confederate army in March, 1862:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;confederate barracks, L.7212, S.331, S.332, S.648, S.1045.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;confederate fortifications, S.305, S.334, S.333, S.1144, S.1145.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;headquarters of (confederate) General Johnston, S.303.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Manassas, after its evacuation by confederate army in March, 1862:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;destruction of railroad, L.7197.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;confederate fortifications, L.7171, S.323, S.543, S.544, S.545, S.546.</span>
-<span class="i0">Yellow hospital, Manassas, July, 1862, S.650.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of General McDowell, near Manassas, July, 1862, S.646, S.647.</span>
-<span class="i0">Our photographer, near Manassas, July, 1862, S.651.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Battlefield of Cedar Mountain:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;general views, S.500, S.506, S.511.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;west view of the field, S.504.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;dead horses, S.510.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;house in which General Winder (confederate) was killed, S.501, S.502.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;house used as confederate hospital, S.507.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Mrs. Hudson&#39;s house, S.505.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Slaughter&#39;s house, position of confederate battery, S.508.</span>
-<span class="i0">Federal battery fording a tributary of the Rappahannock River on day of battle of Cedar Mountain, S.520.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hazel River, S.521.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Culpeper, Va.:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;general views of town, S.216, S.527, S.530.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;court-house, S.523.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;railroad depot, S.528, S.529.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;street views, S.524, S.525, S.526.</span>
-<span class="i0">Troops building bridge across north fork of Rappahannock</span>
-<span class="i0">River, near Fauquier Sulphur Springs, S.512, S.513, S.515.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fugitive negroes fording Rappahannock River, escaping from advance of confederate army, S.518, S.519.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fauquier Sulphur Springs hotel, S.537, S.542.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rappahannock station, S.522.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rappahannock bridge, S.514, S.517.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Warrenton, Va.:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;street views, S.532, S.534.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;court-house, S.533.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;railroad depot, S.535, S.536.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;church, S.736.</span>
-<span class="i0">Catlett&#39;s Station, August, 1862, S.594.</span>
-<span class="i0">Destruction of railroad rolling stock on Orange &amp; Alexandria</span>
-<span class="i0">Railroad, S.593.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Battlefield of Manassas:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;ruins of Mrs. Henry&#39;s house, S.320.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Thorburn&#39;s house, S.317.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Matthews&#39;s house, S.318.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Robinson&#39;s house, S.319, S.1176.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bridge across Bull Run, built by Engineers of McDowell&#39;s corps,</span>
-<span class="i0">August, 1862, S.547.</span>
-<span class="i0">Picket post near Blackburn&#39;s Ford, Bull Run, <b>S.</b>645.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sudley Ford, Bull Run, <b>S.</b>313, <b>S.</b>314.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sudley church, <b>S.</b>315, <b>S.</b>316, <b>S.</b>1017, <b>S.</b>1148.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of stone bridge, Bull Run, <b>L.</b>7082, <b>S.</b>310, <b>S.</b>312.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of bridge at Blackburn&#39;s Ford, Bull Run, <b>S.</b>2338.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bull Run, <b>S.</b>1111.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cub Run, <b>S.</b>307.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stone church, Centreville, <b>S.</b>302.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mrs. Spinner&#39;s house, near Centreville, <b>S.</b>308, <b>S.</b>309.</span>
-<span class="i0">Grigsby House (Stevens&#39;s house), near Centreville, <b>S.</b>1163, <b>S.</b>303.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fairfax court-house, <b>S.</b>298.</span>
-<span class="i0">Monument on battlefield of Groveton, <b>L.</b>7299, <b>S.</b>1193.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">ARMY OF POTOMAC.</p>
-
-<p class="center"><span class="smcap">September, 1862, to November, 1862.</span></p>
-
-<p class="center"><i>Antietam Campaign.</i></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>Battlefield at Antietam:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;view of part of the field on the day of the battle, <b>S.</b>671.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;view on Antietam Creek, <b>S.</b>597.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;signal station on Elk Mountain, <b>L.</b>7270, <b>L.</b>7563, <b>S.</b>633.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Antietam bridge, <b>S.</b>1178, <b>S.</b>1179.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Antietam bridge, looking up stream, <b>L.</b>7214, <b>S.</b>578.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Antietam bridge, looking down stream, <b>L.</b>7093, <b>S.</b>609.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Antietam bridge, southeastern view, <b>S.</b>608.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Antietam bridge, northeastern view, <b>S.</b>607.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Antietam bridge, eastern view, <b>S.</b>583, <b>S.</b>610, <b>S.</b>614.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Burnside bridge, looking up stream, <b>S.</b>584.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Burnside bridge, northeastern view, <b>S.</b>615.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Burnside bridge, southeastern view, <b>S.</b>600, <b>S.</b>601.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Burnside bridge, southwestern view, <b>S.</b>613.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Burnside bridge, northwestern view, <b>S.</b>612.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Miller&#39;s house, <b>L.</b>7019.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Newcomer&#39;s mill, <b>S.</b>582.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Sherrick&#39;s house, <b>S.</b>598.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Rullet&#39;s house, <b>S.</b>575.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Ruins of Mumma&#39;s house, <b>S.</b>574.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Real&#39;s barn, <b>S.</b>591.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;General Hooker&#39;s headquarters during the battle, <b>S.</b>576.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Dunker church, <b>S.</b>573, <b>S.</b>1196.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;bodies of dead confederate soldiers alongside the fence on Hagerstown road, <b>S.</b>559, <b>S.</b>560, <b>S.</b>566, <b>S.</b>567.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;bodies of dead confederate soldiers near Sherrick&#39;s house, <b>S.</b>554, <b>S.</b>555, <b>S.</b>571.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;views on the field where Sumner&#39;s corps charged, <b>S.</b>552, <b>S.</b>562, <b>S.</b>564, <b>S.</b>568.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;views in the ditch on the right, showing many dead confederates, <b>S.</b>553, <b>S.</b>563, <b>S.</b>565.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;bodies of dead confederate soldiers, <b>S.</b>325, <b>S.</b>326, <b>S.</b>567.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;burying the dead, <b>S.</b>551, <b>S.</b>557, <b>S.</b>561, <b>S.</b>569.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;graves of federal soldiers at Burnside bridge, <b>S.</b>585.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;a lone grave, <b>S.</b>570.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;confederate wounded at Smith&#39;s barn after the battle; Dr. Hurd, of Fourteenth Indiana, in attendance, <b>S.</b>588, <b>S.</b>589, <b>S.</b>590, <b>S.</b>592.</span>
-<span class="i0">President Lincoln in General McClellan&#39;s tent at headquarters Army of Potomac, October, 1862, <b>S.</b>602.</span>
-<span class="i0">General Marcy and other officers at headquarters Army of Potomac, October, 1862, <b>S.</b>603.</span>
-<span class="i0">Blacksmith&#39;s forge and horse-shoers, at headquarters Army of Potomac, September, 1862, <b>S.</b>587.</span>
-<span class="i0">Group at secret-service quarters, headquarters Army of Potomac, October, 1862, <b>S.</b>631.</span>
-<span class="i0">Major Allen Pinkerton, at secret-service quarters, October, 1826, <b>S.</b>618.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sharpsburg, Md., September, 1862, <b>S.</b>595, <b>S.</b>599.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lutheran church, Sharpsburg, Md., September, 1862, <b>S.</b>596.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pontoon bridges and ruins of stone bridge across Potomac River at Berlin, October, 1862,<b>L.</b>7437, <b>S.</b>616.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Harper&#39;s Ferry, W. Va.:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;general views, <b>L.</b>7443, <b>L.</b>7649, <b>S.</b>654.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Maryland Heights, <b>L.</b>7132, <b>L.</b>7441, <b>S.</b>1002.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Loudoun Heights, <b>L.</b>7072.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Maryland and, Loudoun Heights, <b>L.</b>7133.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Bolivar Heights, <b>L.</b>7187.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">ARMY OF POTOMAC.</p>
-
-<p class="center"><span class="smcap">November, 1862, to June, 1863.</span></p>
-
-<p class="center"><i>Fredericksburg Campaign.</i></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Generals of the Army of the Potomac, November 10, 1862, <b>L.</b>7380.</span>
-<span class="i0">General A. E. Burnside and staff, Warrenton, Va., November, 1862, <b>L.</b>7186, <b>L.</b>7379, <b>L.</b>7382, <b>S.</b>1049.</span>
-<span class="i0"><b>Acquia Creek Landing:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;distant views, <b>S.</b>673, <b>S.</b>674, <b>S.</b>681.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;wharves, <b>L.</b>7014, <b>L.</b>7446, <b>L.</b>7643, <b>S.</b>682.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;quartermaster&#39;s office, <b>L.</b>7108, <b>S.</b>176.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;commissary depot, <b>S.</b>680.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;group at hospital, <b>L.</b>7355.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;clerks at commissary depot, <b>L.</b>7322, <b>L.</b>7533.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;employees at quartermaster&#39;s wagon-camp, <b>L.</b>7323.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Lieut.-Col. Sawtelle, Captain Forsyth, Dr. Wright, Lieut.-Col. Porter, and others, at Acquia Creek Landing, <b>L.</b>7320.</span>
-<span class="i0">Phillips&#39;s house, near Falmouth, <b>S.</b>677.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lacey&#39;s house, near Falmouth, <b>S.</b>697, <b>S.</b>698.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page117" id="page117"></a>[pg&nbsp;117]</span></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>Fredericksburg:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;view taken from Tyler&#39;s battery, <b>S.</b>676.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;panoramic view, <b>S.</b>683, <b>S.</b>1191.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;lower end of town, <b>S.</b>178.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;houses, showing effect of shelling on December 13, 1862, <b>S.</b>716, <b>S.</b>717, <b>S.</b>718, <b>S.</b>719, <b>S.</b>2511.</span>
-<span class="i0">Barnard&#39;s house, below Fredericksburg, destroyed during battle, <b>L.</b>7141.</span>
-<span class="i0">Marye&#39;s house, on Marye&#39;s Heights, in rear of Fredericksburg, rifle-pits in front, <b>S.</b>733, <b>S.</b>734.</span>
-<span class="i0">A frame house on Marye&#39;s Heights, in rear of Fredericksburg, showing effects of shot and shell, <b>S.</b>735.</span>
-<span class="i0">Embarkation of Ninth Corps at Acquia Creek Landing, February, 1863, <b>S.</b>679.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Headquarters Army of Potomac:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;group of staff officers, <b>S.</b>693, <b>S.</b>695.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Lieutenant-Colonel Dickinson and other officers, <b>L.</b>7467.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Dr. Letterman, medical director, and other officers, <b>L.</b>7356.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;clerks in office of Assistant Adjutant-General, <b>S.</b>177.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;post-office, <b>L.</b>7314, <b>L.</b>7396.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;mail-wagon, <b>S.</b>296.</span>
-<span class="i0">General Alfred Pleasonton and Captain Custer, near Falmouth, April, 1863, <b>L.</b>7551.</span>
-<span class="i0">General J. H. H. Ward and group, Acquia Creek Landing, February, 1863, <b>L.</b>7040.</span>
-<span class="i0">Colonel Graham and other officers, Falmouth, Va., March, 1863, <b>L.</b>7525.</span>
-<span class="i0">Captains Moore, Russell, and Chandler, of General Hooker&#39;s staff, Falmouth, Va., April, 1863, <b>L.</b>7552.</span>
-<span class="i0">Major Whitney, Captain Harrison, and Captain Owen, Warrenton, Va, November, 1862, <b>L.</b>7450.</span>
-<span class="i0">Company &quot;I&quot; Sixth Pennsylvania (Rush&#39;s lancers), near Falmouth, June, 1863, <b>L.</b>7140.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of One Hundred and Fiftieth Pennsylvania Infantry, March, 1863, <b>S.</b>297.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of Sixty-first New York Infantry, and group of officers, near Falmouth, Va., April, 1863, <b>L.</b>7530, <b>L.</b>7531.</span>
-<span class="i0">Balloon Camp, near Falmouth, Va., March, 1863, <b>S.</b>678.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ambulance train of Engineer Brigade, near Falmouth, April, 1863, <b>L.</b>7523, <b>S.</b>516.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">  ARMY OF POTOMAC.</p>
-
-<p class="center">  <span class="smcap">June and July, 1863.</span></p>
-
-<p class="center">  <i>Gettysburg Campaign.</i></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Headquarters Army of Potomac, near Fairfax Court House, June, 1863, <b>L.</b>7507.</span>
-<span class="i0">Commissary tent, and Capt Howard and group, at headquarters Army of Potomac, near Fairfax Court House, June, 1863, <b>L.</b>7438, <b>L.</b>7549.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Emmettsburg, Md.:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;view of the town, <b>S.</b>272.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Farmer&#39;s Hotel, <b>S.</b>228.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Mount Saint Mary&#39;s College, <b>L.</b>7234, <b>L.</b>7357, <b>S.</b>269, <b>S.</b>270.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Saint Joseph&#39;s Academy, <b>L.</b>7473, <b>L.</b>7595, <b>S.</b>271.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Gettysburg, Pa.:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;view of town from Culp&#39;s Hill, <b>L.</b>7360.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;view of town from the cemetery, <b>S.</b>273.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;college, <b>L.</b>7596.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;seminary, <b>S.</b>2393.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;office of Sanitary Commission, <b>S.</b>238.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;entrance to National Cemetery, July, 1865, <b>L.</b>7248, <b>L.</b>7489.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;dedication of monument, <b>S.</b>1159, <b>S.</b>1160.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;White&#39;s house, near Gettysburg, <b>L.</b>7465.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Battlefield of Gettysburg:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;General Meade&#39;s headquarters, <b>S.</b>259, <b>S.</b>1167.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;General R. E. Lee&#39;s (confederate) headquarters, <b>S.</b>2394, <b>S.</b>2395.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;scene at Trossel&#39;s barn, where Ninth Massachusetts Battery was cut up, showing dead horses, <b>S.</b>266.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;scene at Trossel&#39;s house, near center of battlefield, <b>S.</b>248.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;bodies of dead confederate sharpshooters among the rocks in front of Little Round Top, <b>L.</b>7096, <b>S.</b>229, <b>S.</b>237, <b>S.</b>244, <b>S.</b>251, <b>S.</b>258, <b>S.</b>263.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;body of confederate soldier disemboweled by a shell, <b>L.</b>7258, <b>S.</b>274.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;a shattered caisson, and dead horses, <b>S.</b>226.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;bodies of confederate soldiers killed by fire of federal batteries on Round Top, <b>S.</b>236.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;bodies of dead in the &quot;wheat field,&quot; near Emmettsburg road&mdash;scene of fighting on second day, <b>S.</b>227, <b>S.</b>239, <b>S.</b>256, <b>S.</b>257, <b>S.</b>260, <b>S.</b>268.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;bodies of dead confederate soldiers of South Carolina Regiment on the left of their line, <b>S.</b>240, <b>S.</b>250.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;bodies of dead confederate soldiers who were killed in fight on first day, collected for burial, <b>S.</b>233, <b>S.</b>235, <b>S.</b>245, <b>S.</b>246.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;bodies of dead in the woods In front of Little Round Top, <b>S.</b>249, <b>S.</b>252, <b>S.</b>253.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;views in the &quot;slaughter pen&quot; showing dead confederates at foot of Little Round Top, <b>S.</b>262, <b>S.</b>265, <b>S.</b>267.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;views of temporary intrenchments of federal troops on Little Round Top, <b>S.</b>230, <b>S.</b>231, <b>S.</b>241, <b>S.</b>247, <b>S.</b>255, <b>S.</b>261, <b>S.</b>264.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;views of Little Round Top, <b>L.</b>7318, <b>L.</b>7319, <b>L.</b>7491, <b>L.</b>7493.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;bodies of dead federal soldiers on the field where General Reynolds was killed, <b>S.</b>234, <b>S.</b>243.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Battlefield of Gettysburg,&mdash;Continued:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;bodies of dead federal soldiers in front of Seminary Ridge, <b>S.</b>242.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Little Round Top, <b>S.</b>2400.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;woods on federal left, showing wounded trees, or how the bullets flew, <b>S.</b>2386, <b>S.</b>2391.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;breastworks on federal left, <b>S.</b>2387.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;old cemetery gate, <b>S.</b>2388, <b>S.</b>2389.</span>
-<span class="i0">John L. Burns, the &quot;hero of Gettysburg,&quot; recovering from his wounds, <b>S.</b>2401, <b>S.</b>2402.</span>
-<span class="i0">John L. Burns&#39;s cottage, <b>S.</b>2403.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">ARMY OF POTOMAC.</p>
-
-<p class="center"><span class="smcap">August, 1863, to December, 1863.</span></p>
-
-<p class="center"><i>Gettysburg to Mine Run.</i></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Destruction of Orange &amp; Alexandria Railroad by the confederates on their retreat from Manassas in October, 1863, <b>S.</b>173, <b>S.</b>174.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rebuilding bridge on Orange &amp; Alexandria Railroad, across Cedar Run, near Catlett&#39;s Station, <b>S.</b>343.</span>
-<span class="i0">Generals of the Army of the Potomac, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, <b>L.</b>7329.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Headquarters Army of Potomac, Bealeton, Va.:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;General Patrick&#39;s quarters near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, <b>L.</b>7120.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;sutler&#39;s tent, <b>L.</b>7216.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Colonel Sharpe and officers of secret service, <b>S.</b>213.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;military telegraph operators, <b>L.</b>7311, <b>L.</b>7312, <b>L.</b>7358.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;officers of Signal Corps, <b>L.</b>7374.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Captain Pierce, Captain Page, Captain Howell, Lieutenant Kelly, <b>L.</b>7332, <b>L.</b>7333, <b>L.</b>7375.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;wagons and horses of quartermaster&#39;s repair shops, <b>S.</b>276, <b>L.</b>7328.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Captain Kimball&#39;s tent, <b>S.</b>215.</span>
-<span class="i0">&quot;John Henry&quot; at Headquarters Third Army Corps, staff officers, <b>L.</b>7339.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dr. Murray&#39;s house, near Auburn, Va., <b>L.</b>7081, <b>S.</b>224.</span>
-<span class="i0">General Pleasonton&#39;s headquarters, near Auburn, Va., <b>S.</b>275.</span>
-<span class="i0">Battery A, Fourth United States Artillery, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, <b>L.</b>7334.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of Battery,&mdash;United States Artillery, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, <b>L.</b>7341, <b>L.</b>7342.</span>
-<span class="i0">Officers of Eightieth New York Infantry (Twentieth N. Y. S. M.), Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, <b>L.</b>7071, <b>L.</b>7373.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of Ninety-third New York Infantry, near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, <b>S.</b>212, <b>S.</b>219.</span>
-<span class="i0">Officers of Ninety-third New York Infantry, near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, <b>L.</b>7515.</span>
-<span class="i0">Officers of regimental staff of Ninety-third New York Infantry, near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, <b>L.</b>7011, <b>S.</b>284.</span>
-<span class="i0">Commissioned officers&#39; mess, Company D, Ninety-third New York Infantry, near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, <b>S.</b>218.</span>
-<span class="i0">Non-commissioned officers&#39; mess, Company D, Ninety-third New York Infantry, near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, <b>S.</b>217.</span>
-<span class="i0">Commissioned officers&#39; mess, Company E, Ninety-third New York Infantry, near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, <b>S.</b>225.</span>
-<span class="i0">Commissioned officers&#39; mess, Company F, Ninety-third New York Infantry, near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, <b>S.</b>220.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp in the woods, near Culpeper, Va., November, 1863, <b>S.</b>223.</span>
-<span class="i0">General Custer and General Pleasonton, Warrenton, Va., October, 1863, <b>L.</b>7371.</span>
-<span class="i0">General Mott, General Ward, Colonels Austin, Brewster, and Farnum, October, 1863, <b>L.</b>7079, <b>S.</b>280.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lieutenant-Colonel Wood and other officers, Culpeper, Va., November, 1863, <b>S.</b>222.</span>
-<span class="i0">Officers of Horse Artillery Brigade, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, <b>L.</b>7076, <b>L.</b>7078, <b>L.</b>7083, <b>L.</b>7607.</span>
-<span class="i0">Surgeons of Second Division, Third Corps, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, <b>L.</b>7378.</span>
-<span class="i0">Catlett&#39;s Station, <b>S.</b>594.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rappahannock Station, <b>S.</b>522.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of hotel at Fauquier Sulphur Springs, <b>L.</b>7092, <b>S.</b>293, <b>S.</b>1161.</span>
-<span class="i0">Residence of John Minor Botts, <b>L.</b>7123, <b>L.</b>7124, <b>L.</b>7125, <b>S.</b>286, <b>S.</b>287.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Warrenton, Va.:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;street views, <b>S.</b>532, <b>S.</b>534.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;court-house, <b>S.</b>533.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;railroad depot, <b>S.</b>535, <b>S.</b>536.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;church, <b>S.</b>736.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Culpeper, Va.:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;general views of town, <b>S.</b>216, <b>S.</b>527, <b>S.</b>530.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;court-house, <b>S.</b>523.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;railroad depot, <b>S.</b>528, <b>S.</b>529.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;street views, <b>S.</b>524, <b>S.</b>525, <b>S.</b>526.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Wallack&#39;s house, <b>L.</b>7080.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of New York Herald in the field, near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, <b>L.</b>7235, <b>L.</b>7237, <b>S.</b>294.</span>
-<span class="i0">Newsboy in camp, <b>S.</b>617.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of Christian Commission, Germantown, Va., August, 1863, <b>L.</b>7471.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gimlet, a noted war-horse on the Rappahannock, <b>S.</b>643.</span>
-<span class="i0">Contrabands at leisure, <b>S.</b>221.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center"><span class="smcap">December, 1863, to May, 1864.</span></p>
-
-<p class="center"><i>Winter Quarters at Brandy Station and Vicinity.</i></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">View near Brandy Station, <b>L.</b>7624.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Headquarters Army of Potomac, April, 1864:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; eastern half of camp, <b>L.</b>7337, <b>L.</b>7495, <b>S.</b>130, <b>S.</b>131.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; western half of camp, <b>S.</b>130, <b>L.</b>7327.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; quarters of chief commissary, <b>L.</b>7325, <b>L.</b>7352.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; officers&#39; winter quarters, <b>L.</b>7126, <b>L.</b>7161, <b>L.</b>7163.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; quarters of chief quartermaster (General Ingalls), <b>L.</b>7621.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; army post-office, <b>L.</b>7587.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; provost-marshal&#39;s office, <b>L.</b>7259.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; General Patrick&#39;s quarters, <b>S.</b>125.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; Colonel Sharpe&#39;s quarters, <b>S.</b>124, <b>S.</b>129.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; Captain Harry Clinton&#39;s quarters, <b>L.</b>7326, <b>L.</b>7500, <b>S.</b>128.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; commissary department, <b>S.</b>123.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; camp of Military Telegraph Corps, <b>L.</b>7353, <b>S.</b>126.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; quarters of scouts and guides, <b>S.</b>127.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; quartermaster&#39;s repair shops, <b>S.</b>136.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of General D. B. Birney, <b>L.</b>7628.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of General J. H. H. Ward, <b>L.</b>7626, <b>L.</b>7627.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of First Brigade Horse Artillery, <b>L.</b>7157, <b>L.</b>7590, <b>L.</b>7634, <b>L.</b>7637.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Headquarters Third Army Corps:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; quarters of Colonel Howard, chief quartermaster, <b>L.</b>7277.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; quarters of Captain Bates, <b>S.</b>133, <b>S.</b>137.</span>
-<span class="i0">A regimental winter headquarters, <b>L.</b>7309.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters Fifth Army Corps, officers&#39; quarters, <b>L.</b>7158.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters Third Division, Cavalry Corps, <b>L.</b>7638.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sutler&#39;s tent, First Brigade Horse Artillery, <b>L.</b>7164, <b>L.</b>7165, <b>L.</b>7496.</span>
-<span class="i0">Field hospital of First Division, Second Corps, <b>L.</b>7301.</span>
-<span class="i0">Field hospital of Second Division, Second Corps, <b>L.</b>7305, <b>L.</b>7306.</span>
-<span class="i0">Field hospital of Third Division, Second Corps, <b>L.</b>7146, <b>L.</b>7632.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mail-wagon of Second Army Corps, <b>L.</b>7303.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Camp of United States Engineer Battalion, March, 1864:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; general views of camp, <b>L.</b>7310, <b>L.</b>7433, <b>L.</b>7560.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; headquarters, <b>L.</b>7097.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; officers&#39; quarters, <b>L.</b>7109.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; quarters of Co. D, <b>L.</b>7005.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of Eighteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, <b>L.</b>7650.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of One Hundred and Fourteenth Pennsylvania Infantry, <b>L.</b>7308, <b>L.</b>7612.</span>
-<span class="i0">Guard mounting of One Hundred and Fourteenth Pennsylvania</span>
-<span class="i0">Infantry, <b>L.</b>7613, <b>S.</b>134, <b>S.</b>135.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of Sixth New York Artillery, <b>L.</b>7265.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Camp of Fiftieth New York Engineers, near Rappahannock</b></span>
-<span class="i0"><b>Station, March, 1864,&mdash;Winter Camp:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; winter camp, general view, <b>L.</b>7461, <b>L.</b>7276, <b>L.</b>7276, <b>S.</b>138.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; stockade entrance, <b>L.</b>7351.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; sutler&#39;s hut, <b>L.</b>7290.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; quarters of field and staff <b>L.</b>7293, <b>L.</b>7604, <b>L.</b>7608.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; quarters of line officers, <b>L.</b>7614.</span>
-<span class="i0">General Meade, General Sedgwick, and staff officers, at headquarters</span>
-<span class="i0">Horse Artillery Brigade, <b>L.</b>7618, <b>S.</b>1228.</span>
-<span class="i0">Major William Riddle and group, at headquarters Army of Potomac, <b>S.</b>139.</span>
-<span class="i0">General Rufus Ingalls and other officers, at headquarters Army of Potomac, <b>L.</b>7497, <b>L.</b>7610.</span>
-<span class="i0">A dinner party at headquarters Army of Potomac, <b>S.</b>132, <b>S.</b>140.</span>
-<span class="i0">General Judson Kilpatrick and staff, Stevensburg, Va., <b>L.</b>7224, <b>L.</b>7516.</span>
-<span class="i0">Captain J. M. Robertson and staff, First Brigade Horse Artillery, <b>L.</b>7555, <b>L.</b>7589.</span>
-<span class="i0">Provost-marshals of Third Corps, <b>L.</b>7088, <b>L.</b>7402.</span>
-<span class="i0">Colonel Sharpe and officers of Secret Service Department, headquarters</span>
-<span class="i0">Army of Potomac, <b>L.</b>7202.</span>
-<span class="i0">Scouts and guides of Army of Potomac, <b>L.</b>7105, <b>L.</b>7294, <b>L.</b>7599.</span>
-<span class="i0">Clerks at headquarters Army of Potomac, <b>L.</b>7184.</span>
-<span class="i0">Clerks in provost-marshal&#39;s office at headquarters Army of Potomac, <b>L.</b>7130, <b>L.</b>7291.</span>
-<span class="i0">Canvas pontoon wagon, <b>L.</b>7128, <b>L.</b>7272.</span>
-<span class="i0">Canvas pontoon boat, <b>L.</b>7273.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pontoon wagon and boat (side view), <b>L.</b>7160, <b>L.</b>7181.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pontoon boat (front view), <b>L.</b>7074, <b>L.</b>7584.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pontoon boat (rear view), <b>L.</b>7585, <b>L.</b>7586.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ordnance train of Third Division, Cavalry Corps, <b>L.</b>7640.</span>
-<span class="i0">Military Telegraph Construction Corps, <b>L.</b>7117.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wagon park, near Brandy Station, <b>L.</b>7268.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">ARMY OF POTOMAC.</p>
-
-<p class="center"><span class="smcap">May, 1864, to June, 1864.</span></p>
-
-<p class="center"><i>Wilderness Campaign.</i></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>Belle Plain Landing, Potomac River:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; general view, <b>S.</b>708.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;&mdash; camp of Second New York Artillery and First Massachusetts Artillery, <b>S.</b>709, <b>S.</b>710.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Belle Plain Landing, Potomac River,&mdash;Continued:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;distant views, <b>S.</b>2476, <b>S.</b>2477.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;pontoon wharves, <b>S.</b>705, <b>S.</b>707, <b>S.</b>2480, <b>S.</b>2482, <b>S.</b>2483.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;quartermaster&#39;s camp, <b>S.</b>704.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;camp of Sanitary Commission, <b>S.</b>2484.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Sanitary Commission wagons, <b>S.</b>2478.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of Sanitary Commission at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, <b>S.</b>737.</span>
-<span class="i0">Store-rooms of Sanitary Commission at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, <b>S.</b>739.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cooking-tents of Sanitary Commission at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, <b>S.</b>742.</span>
-<span class="i0">Officers and nurses of Sanitary Commission at Fredericksburg, Va., May. 1864, <b>S.</b>741.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wounded soldiers from the Wilderness of Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, <b>S.</b>740, <b>S.</b>2507.</span>
-<span class="i0">Burial of dead at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, <b>S.</b>2506, <b>S.</b>2508, <b>S.</b>2509.</span>
-<span class="i0">Soldiers filling their water-cart, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, <b>S.</b>2504, <b>S.</b>2505.</span>
-<span class="i0">Soldiers drawing water, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, <b>S.</b>2512.</span>
-<span class="i0">Views of Fredericksburg, from north bank of Rappahannock River, <b>S.</b>178, <b>S.</b>683.</span>
-<span class="i0">Court-house, Fredericksburg, Va., <b>S.</b>713.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wagon-trains crossing Rappahannock River on pontoon bridge, below Fredericksburg, <b>S.</b>715.</span>
-<span class="i0">Battery-wagon of military telegraph corps, <b>S.</b>786.</span>
-<span class="i0">Evacuation of Port Royal, Rappahannock River, May 30, 1864, <b>S.</b>2491, <b>S.</b>2492.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of bridge at Germania Mills, Rapidan River, May, 1864, <b>S.</b>700.</span>
-<span class="i0">Troops crossing pontoon bridges over Rapidan River, at Germania Mills, May, 1864, <b>S.</b>701, <b>S.</b>702.</span>
-<span class="i0">Massaponax church, May 21, 1864, <b>S.</b>729.</span>
-<span class="i0">Council of war, at Massaponax church, May 21, 1864, General Grant leaning over General Meade&#39;s shoulder, examining map, <b>S.</b>732, <b>S.</b>730, <b>S.</b>731.</span>
-<span class="i0">Confederate prisoners captured from Johnson&#39;s division of Ewell&#39;s corps, May 12, encamped at Belle Plain awaiting transportation, <b>S.</b>703.</span>
-<span class="i0">Beverly&#39;s house, near Spottsylvania court-house, used as headquarters by General Warren, May, 1864, <b>S.</b>728.</span>
-<span class="i0">View from Beverly&#39;s house, looking toward Spottsylvania court-house, May, 1864, <b>S.</b>727.</span>
-<span class="i0">Allsop&#39;s house, near Spottsylvania court-house, point of Ewell&#39;s attack on the federal right on May 19, (bringing in the wounded,) <b>S.</b>721.</span>
-<span class="i0">Confederate dead of Ewell&#39;s Corps on the field near Allsop&#39;s house after Ewell&#39;s attack on May 19, <b>S.</b>723, <b>S.</b>725, <b>S.</b>726.</span>
-<span class="i0">First Massachusetts Artillery burying the dead at Mrs. Allsop&#39;s house after Ewell&#39;s attack of May 19, <b>S.</b>722, <b>S.</b>724.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Canvas pontoon bridge across North Anna River at Jericho Mills; point at which Fifth Corps crossed, May, 1864:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;views from north bank, <b>S.</b>745, <b>S.</b>746, <b>S.</b>747.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;views from south bank, <b>S.</b>748, <b>S.</b>750.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Fifth Corps ammunition train crossing, <b>S.</b>751.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fiftieth New York engineers constructing road on south bank of North Anna River at Jericho Mills, May, 1864, <b>L.</b>7304, <b>S.</b>749, <b>S.</b>1079.</span>
-<span class="i0">Chesterfield bridge, North Anna River, May, 1864, <b>S.</b>752, <b>S.</b>753.</span>
-<span class="i0">Confederate fortifications at Chesterfield bridge, North Anna River, captured by Second Corps, May, 1864, <b>S.</b>755, <b>S.</b>756.</span>
-<span class="i0">Destroyed railroad bridge across North Anna River, May, 1864, <b>S.</b>762.</span>
-<span class="i0">Quarle&#39;s Mill, North Anna River, May, 1864, <b>S.</b>757, <b>S.</b>758, <b>S.</b>761.</span>
-<span class="i0">Log bridge across North Anna River at Quarle&#39;s mill, where portion of Fifth Corps crossed and carried enemy&#39;s line of works on crest of hill, May, 1864, <b>S.</b>759, <b>S.</b>760.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pontoon bridges over North Anna River, on which portion of Second Corps crossed, May, 1864, <b>S.</b>763, <b>S.</b>764, <b>S.</b>765.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bethel church, headquarters of General Burnside, May, 1864, <b>S.</b>744.</span>
-<span class="i0">Canvas pontoon bridges over the Pamunkey River at Hanovertown Ferry, May, 1864, <b>L.</b>7395, <b>S.</b>766, <b>S.</b>767.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pontoon bridge over the Pamunkey River at Mrs. Nelson&#39;s crossing, May, 1864, <b>S.</b>768.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of bridge over Pamunkey River at Mrs. Nelson&#39;s crossing, May, 1864, <b>S.</b>769.</span>
-<span class="i0">Old Church hotel, near Cold Harbor, June, 1864, <b>S.</b>770.</span>
-<span class="i0">Burnett&#39;s house, near Cold Harbor, June, 1864, <b>S.</b>771.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp in the woods at Cold Harbor, June, 1864, <b>S.</b>772.</span>
-<span class="i0">Part of battlefield of Cold Harbor, <b>S.</b>1173.</span>
-<span class="i0">Collecting remains of the dead on battlefield of Cold Harbor, months after the battle, for permanent burial, <b>S.</b>918.</span>
-<span class="i0">Photographer&#39;s camp at Cold Harbor, <b>S.</b>2447.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Charles City, Va., June, 1864:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;views of court-house, June, 1864, <b>S.</b>773, <b>S.</b>774, <b>S.</b>775, <b>S.</b>776, <b>S.</b>777, <b>S.</b>778.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;view of jail, June, 1864, <b>S.</b>779.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;ruins of town, June, 1864, <b>S.</b>780.</span>
-<span class="i0">Marshes on north bank of James River, at point at which Army of Potomac crossed, June, 1864, <b>S.</b>960.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pontoon bridge over James River, on which Army of Potomac crossed, June, 1864, <b>L.</b>7484, <b>S.</b>781, <b>S.</b>2465.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="page118" id="page118"></a>[pg&nbsp;118]</span></p>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center"><span class="smcap">June, 1864, to April, 1865.</span></p>
-
-<p class="center"><i>Siege of Petersburg.</i></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Six different views on James River at City Point, <b>S.</b>793, <b>S.</b>798, <b>S.</b>799, <b>S.</b>958, <b>S.</b>2452, <b>S.</b>2453.</span>
-<span class="i0">Seventeen different views on the docks at City Point, <b>L.</b>7044, <b>S.</b>794, <b>S.</b>795, <b>S.</b>796, <b>S.</b>797, <b>S.</b>812, <b>S.</b>813, <b>S.</b>2456, <b>S.</b>2457 <b>S.</b>2458, <b>S.</b>2459, <b>S.</b>2460, <b>S.</b>2449, <b>S.</b>2450, <b>S.</b>2454, 8.2455, <b>S.</b>3332.</span>
-<span class="i0">View on docks at City Point after explosion of ordnance barges, <b>L.</b>7254, <b>L.</b>7255, <b>L.</b>7449.</span>
-<span class="i0">Railroad depot, City Point, <b>S.</b>2461.</span>
-<span class="i0">General hospital, City Point, <b>L.</b>7134, <b>L.</b>7399, <b>L.</b>7664.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hospital landing and medical supply boat Planter, on Appomattox River, near City Point, <b>L.</b>7050, <b>S.</b>1038.</span>
-<span class="i0">Group of staff officers at General Grant&#39;s headquarters, <b>S.</b>3401, <b>S.</b>3402.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stable at General Grant&#39;s headquarters, <b>L.</b>7004.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cattle corral near City Point, <b>S.</b>2462, <b>S.</b>2463.</span>
-<span class="i0">Generals of the Army of Potomac, <b>L.</b>7100, <b>L.</b>7252.</span>
-<span class="i0">Non-commissioned officers of General Grant&#39;s cavalry escort, City Point, March, 1865, <b>L.</b>7445.</span>
-<span class="i0">Group of provost-guard at headquarters Army of Potomac, February, 1865, <b>L.</b>7251.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of Third Pennsylvania Cavalry at headquarters Army of Potomac, February, 1865, <b>L.</b>7298.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of Oneida Cavalry at headquarters Army of Potomac, February, 1865, <b>L.</b>7112.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of military telegraph operators at headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864, <b>S.</b>282.</span>
-<span class="i0">Group of officers at headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864, <b>L.</b>7135, <b>L.</b>7136.</span>
-<span class="i0">Capt. H. P. Clinton and clerks, at headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864, <b>L.</b>7529, <b>L.</b>7537.</span>
-<span class="i0">Military telegraph operators at headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864, <b>L.</b>7478, <b>S.</b>1023, <b>S.</b>1025, <b>S.</b>1030, <b>S.</b>1032, <b>S.</b>1033.</span>
-<span class="i0">Assistant engineers and draughtsmen at headquarters Army of Potomac, November, 1864, <b>L.</b>7106, <b>L.</b>7107, <b>L.</b>7116.</span>
-<span class="i0">Officers of First Massachusetts Cavalry at headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864, <b>L.</b>7390, <b>L.</b>7490.</span>
-<span class="i0">Officers and non-commissioned officers of First Massachusetts Cavalry at headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864 <b>L.</b>7354, <b>L.</b>7391.</span>
-<span class="i0">Company C, First Massachusetts Cavalry, at headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864, <b>L.</b>7295.</span>
-<span class="i0">Company D, First Massachusetts Cavalry, at headquarters Army of Potomac. August, 1864, <b>L.</b>7392, <b>L.</b>7476.</span>
-<span class="i0">Detachment of Third Indiana Cavalry at headquarters Army of Potomac, November, 1864, <b>L.</b>7023, <b>L.</b>7068.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>One Hundred and Fourteenth Pennsylvania Infantry provost-guard at headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;officers, <b>L.</b>7137, <b>L.</b>7138, <b>L.</b>7316, <b>L.</b>7602.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;officers of Company&mdash;,<b>L.</b>7144, <b>L.</b>7145, <b>L.</b>7173.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Company F, <b>L.</b>7003, <b>L.</b>7038, <b>L.</b>7143, <b>L.</b>7175, <b>L.</b>7447.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Company G, <b>L.</b>7108, <b>L.</b>7348.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Company H, <b>L.</b>7077, <b>L.</b>7262, <b>L.</b>7263.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>United States Engineer Battalion, August, 1864:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Company A, <b>L.</b>7062, <b>L.</b>7384, <b>L.</b>7386.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Company C, <b>L.</b>7240, <b>L.</b>7568.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Company D, <b>L.</b>7054, <b>L.</b>7548.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Essayon&#39;s Dramatic Club, <b>L.</b>7336, <b>L.</b>7439.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Battalion headquarters, <b>L.</b>7065.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Camp of Fiftieth New York Engineers, November, 1864:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;colonel&#39;s quarters, Colonel Spaulding at the door, <b>L.</b>7059, <b>S.</b>1047.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;headquarters, <b>L.</b>7167, <b>S.</b>1028, <b>S.</b>1048.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;surgeon&#39;s quarters, <b>L.</b>7233.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;officers&#39; quarters and church, <b>L.</b>7210, <b>L.</b>7213, <b>S.</b>344, <b>S.</b>3338.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;church, <b>L.</b>7151, <b>S.</b>345, <b>S.</b>3339, <b>S.</b>3340.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;commissary department, <b>L.</b>7060.</span>
-<span class="i0">Officers of the Fiftieth Now York Engineers celebrating the 4th of July, 1864, <b>S.</b>790, <b>S.</b>791.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of Thirteenth New York Artillery, <b>S.</b>2495, <b>S.</b>2496.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sutler&#39;s tent, Second Division, Ninth Corps, <b>S.</b>2448.</span>
-<span class="i0">Winter headquarters of Sixth Army Corps, February, 1865, <b>L.</b>7545.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of General O. B. Willcox, August, 1864, <b>L.</b>7222.</span>
-<span class="i0">Winter quarters of photographers attached to United States Engineer Battalion, March, 1865, <b>L.</b>7347.</span>
-<span class="i0">Winter camp of Second Wisconsin Infantry, February, 1865, <b>L.</b>7543.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of chief ambulance officer of Ninth Corps, August, 1864, <b>L.</b>7538, <b>L.</b>7667, <b>S.</b>818.</span>
-<span class="i0">A summer camp in the woods, August, 1864, <b>L.</b>7152, <b>L.</b>7154, <b>S.</b>1037.</span>
-<span class="i0">Execution of Johnson (a colored soldier) for attempted rape, June, 1864, <b>S.</b>783.</span>
-<span class="i0">Troops drawn up to witness execution of a deserter, August, 1864, <b>S.</b>983.</span>
-<span class="i0">Commissary depot at Cedar Level, August, 1864, <b>S.</b>819, <b>L.</b>7182, <b>L.</b>7645.</span>
-<span class="i0">Surgeons of First Division, Ninth Corps, October, 1864, <b>L.</b>7448.</span>
-<span class="i0">Surgeons of Second Division, Ninth Corps, October, 1864, <b>L.</b>7567, <b>L.</b>7575.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hospital stewards of Second Division, Ninth Corps, October, 1864, <b>L.</b>7296, <b>L.</b>7571.</span>
-<span class="i0">Surgeons of Third Division, Ninth Corps, August, 1864, <b>L.</b>7042, <b>L.</b>7063.</span>
-<span class="i0">Surgeons of Fourth Division, Ninth Corps, August, 1864, <b>L.</b>7045, <b>L.</b>7046.</span>
-<span class="i0">Chaplains of Ninth Corps, October, 1864, <b>L.</b>7049.</span>
-<span class="i0">Employees of quartermaster of First Division, Ninth Corps, forage department, November, 1864, <b>L.</b>7569.</span>
-<span class="i0">Employees of quartermaster of First Division, Ninth Corps, mechanics, November, 1864, <b>L.</b>7048.</span>
-<span class="i0">Surgeon Brinton and others, October, 1864, <b>L.</b>7564.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Outer line of confederate fortifications captured by Eighteenth Corps on June 15, 1864:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;redoubt near Dunn&#39;s house, <b>S.</b>784, <b>S.</b>785, <b>S.</b>1027.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;redoubt and curtain, <b>S.</b>1137.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior view, with Cowan&#39;s 1st New York battery in occupation, <b>S.</b>787, <b>S.</b>788, <b>S.</b>2343.</span>
-<span class="i0">Confederate camp captured by Eighteenth Corps, June 15, 1864, <b>S.</b>782.</span>
-<span class="i0">The &quot;Dictator&quot;&mdash;13-inch mortar, August, 1864, <b>L.</b>7394, <b>L.</b>7463, <b>S.</b>820, <b>S.</b>822.</span>
-<span class="i0">Railroad battery, <b>S.</b>1171, <b>S.</b>1245.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bomb-proof soldiers&#39; restaurant on the lines, <b>S.</b>1051.</span>
-<span class="i0">General view from the signal tower, <b>L.</b>7631.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bomb-proof quarters in federal camp, <b>S.</b>118, <b>S.</b>801, <b>S.</b>802, <b>S.</b>803, <b>S.</b>804, <b>S.</b>805, <b>S.</b>806, <b>S.</b>808, <b>S.</b>809, <b>S.</b>810, <b>S.</b>950, <b>S.</b>1053, <b>S.</b>1065, <b>S.</b>1073, <b>S.</b>3336, <b>S.</b>3337.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Fort Sedgwick (&quot;Fort Hell&quot;):</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior views, showing bomb-proof quarters of garrison, <b>L.</b>7534, <b>S.</b>1084, <b>S.</b>1093, <b>S.</b>1094, <b>S.</b>1095, <b>S.</b>3334, <b>S.</b>3335.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;officer&#39;s bomb-proof quarters in Fort Sedgwick, <b>S.</b>1085.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior view of the fort, looking south from its center, <b>L.</b>7633.</span>
-<span class="i0">View of federal line, looking from right of Fort Sedgwick to the left, <b>L.</b>7115.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fort Steadman, interior view, <b>S.</b>1086, <b>S.</b>3341, <b>S.</b>3342, <b>S.</b>3343.</span>
-<span class="i0">Crow&#39;s Nest battery and lookout, <b>S.</b>2494.</span>
-<span class="i0">Confederate fortifications at Gracie&#39;s salient, <b>L.</b>7018, <b>S.</b>1059, <b>S.</b>1060, <b>S.</b>1061.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fort McGilvery, confederate fortifications, <b>S.</b>1050, <b>S.</b>1052, <b>S.</b>1054, <b>S.</b>1057, <b>S.</b>1058, <b>S.</b>1063, <b>S.</b>1064, <b>S.</b>1066, <b>S.</b>1067, <b>S.</b>1068, <b>S.</b>1069, <b>S.</b>1071, <b>S.</b>1072, <b>S.</b>1074, <b>S.</b>1075, <b>S.</b>1091.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fortifications on the lines, not known whether federal or confederate, <b>S.</b>35, <b>S.</b>950, <b>S.</b>1055, <b>S.</b>1062, <b>S.</b>1070, <b>S.</b>1096, <b>S.</b>1097.</span>
-<span class="i0">&quot;High Bridge,&quot; across Appomattox River, Southside Railroad, <b>L.</b>7162, <b>L.</b>7179, <b>L.</b>7286, <b>L.</b>7287, <b>S.</b>1013, <b>S.</b>1184.</span>
-<span class="i0">McLean&#39;s house, scene of General Lee&#39;s surrender, <b>L.</b>7191, <b>L.</b>7292, <b>S.</b>1210.</span>
-<span class="i0">Appomattox court-house, <b>L.</b>7169, <b>L.</b>7189, <b>L.</b>7193, <b>S.</b>1164.</span>
-<span class="i0">First wagon-train entering Petersburg, <b>L.</b>7172, <b>S.</b>951.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Petersburg, Va.:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;view of gas works, showing effect of bombardment, <b>S.</b>1021, <b>S.</b>1182.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;view of planing-mills, showing effect of bombardment, <b>S.</b>1104.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Blandford church, <b>L.</b>7269, <b>S.</b>1089, <b>S.</b>1090.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;street views, <b>S.</b>952, <b>S.</b>959, <b>L.</b>7444.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;female seminary, <b>L.</b>7315.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Michler&#39;s cottage, <b>L.</b>7485.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Brant&#39;s house, <b>L.</b>7522.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Appomattox River above city, <b>S.</b>1092.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Johnson&#39;s mill, <b>L.</b>7207, <b>S.</b>1102, <b>S.</b>1103.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;merchant&#39;s mill, <b>L.</b>7113.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;cotton mills, <b>S.</b>1081, <b>S.</b>1082, <b>S.</b>1083, <b>S.</b>1087, <b>S.</b>1088, <b>S.</b>1098, <b>S.</b>1100, <b>S.</b>1101, <b>S.</b>1105, <b>S.</b>1106, <b>S.</b>1107, <b>S.</b>1108, <b>S.</b>1110, <b>S.</b>1112, <b>S.</b>1113, <b>S.</b>1114.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">ARMY OF THE JAMES.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Bermuda Hundred Landing&mdash;distant view, taken from City Point, <b>S.</b>2451.</span>
-<span class="i0">Signal tower on left of Bermuda Hundred lines, near Appomattox River, <b>L.</b>7006, <b>S.</b>1015, <b>S.</b>2500, <b>S.</b>2501, <b>S.</b>2502.</span>
-<span class="i0">Army bridge across James River, near Varina Landing, <b>L.</b>7174, <b>S.</b>953, <b>S.</b>954.</span>
-<span class="i0">Varina Landing, James River, <b>S.</b>10, <b>S.</b>957.</span>
-<span class="i0">Aiken&#39;s house, near Varina Landing, James River, <b>S.</b>2464.</span>
-<span class="i0">Signal station on James River, <b>S.</b>2503.</span>
-<span class="i0">Transports and monitors in James River, near Deep Bottom, <b>S.</b>2466.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dutch Gap Canal, <b>L.</b>7482, <b>S.</b>955, <b>S.</b>956, <b>S.</b>1121, <b>S.</b>1122.</span>
-<span class="i0">Federal obstructions in Trent&#39;s Reach, James River, <b>S.</b>2475.</span>
-<span class="i0">Confederate gunboat sunk in James River, above Dutch Gap Canal, <b>S.</b>1124.</span>
-<span class="i0">Views on James River between Dutch Gap Canal and Drewry&#39;s Bluff, <b>S.</b>22, <b>S.</b>23, <b>S.</b>1128, <b>S.</b>1133.</span>
-<span class="i0">Confederate obstructions in James River, near Drewry&#39;s Bluff, <b>S.</b>1116, <b>S.</b>1117, <b>S.</b>3350, <b>S.</b>3351.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Fort Darling (confederate), Drewry&#39;s Bluff, James River:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;exterior views, <b>S.</b>1118, <b>S.</b>1119, <b>S.</b>1123, <b>S.</b>1126, <b>S.</b>3347.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior views, <b>S.</b>55, <b>S.</b>56, <b>S.</b>1138, <b>S.</b>3344, <b>S.</b>3345, <b>S.</b>3346, <b>S.</b>3352, <b>S.</b>3353.</span>
-<span class="i0">Confederate water battery, Fort Darling, Drewry&#39;s Bluff, James River, <b>S.</b>1120, <b>S.</b>3348, <b>S.</b>3349.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Confederate battery at Howlett House, Trent&#39;s Reach, James River:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;general views, <b>S.</b>13, <b>S.</b>14.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;traverse and gun, <b>S.</b>15, <b>S.</b>17, <b>S.</b>18, <b>S.</b>19, <b>S.</b>20, <b>S.</b>21.</span>
-<span class="i0">Confederate battery on James River, above Dutch Gap, <b>S.</b>24, <b>S.</b>25, <b>S.</b>26, <b>S.</b>27, <b>S.</b>28, <b>S.</b>32, <b>S.</b>34, <b>S.</b>36, <b>S.</b>38, <b>S.</b>39, <b>S.</b>41, <b>S.</b>42, <b>S.</b>43, <b>S.</b>44, <b>S.</b>45, <b>S.</b>46, <b>S.</b>47, <b>S.</b>48, <b>S.</b>49, <b>S.</b>50, <b>S.</b>51, <b>S.</b>52, <b>S.</b>53, <b>S.</b>54, <b>S.</b>58.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fort Brady, interior view, <b>S.</b>2316.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fort Brady, building winter quarters, <b>S.</b>2315.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fortifications on the lines to the right of Fort Brady, <b>S.</b>2314.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fort Burnham, previously confederate Fort Harrison, <b>S.</b>2498.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters Tenth Army Corps, General Alfred Terry, <b>S.</b>2443.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters Second Division, Tenth Corps, General Birney, <b>S.</b>2446.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters Eighteenth Corps, General Godfrey Weitzel, <b>S.</b>2445.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of General Adelbert Ames, <b>S.</b>2347.</span>
-<span class="i0">General R. <b>S.</b> Foster&#39;s Headquarters, near Fort Brady, <b>S.</b>2317.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of Fifth Pennsylvania Cavalry, <b>S.</b>2497.</span>
-<span class="i0">Interior of Surgeon McKay&#39;s quarters, <b>S.</b>1024.</span>
-<span class="i0">Surgeon McKay and others, Army of the James, <b>L.</b>7442.</span>
-<span class="i0">Surgeons of Tenth Army Corps, <b>L.</b>7194.</span>
-<span class="i0">Contrabands on Aiken&#39;s farm, <b>S.</b>2497.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">CITY OF RICHMOND, VA.</p>
-
-<p class="center"><span class="smcap">In April, 1865.</span></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">General views of the city, <b>L.</b>7026, <b>L.</b>7110, <b>L.</b>7159, <b>L.</b>7623, <b>S.</b>875, <b>S.</b>3621, <b>S.</b>3622.</span>
-<span class="i0">Panoramic view of the city, <b>S.</b>881, <b>S.</b>882, <b>S.</b>3619, <b>S.</b>3620.</span>
-<span class="i0">Views in the &quot;burnt district,&quot; <b>S.</b>856, <b>S.</b>857, <b>S.</b>858, <b>S.</b>864, <b>S.</b>872, <b>S.</b>900, <b>S.</b>901, <b>S.</b>902, <b>S.</b>903, <b>S.</b>904, <b>S.</b>905, <b>S.</b>906, <b>S.</b>942, <b>S.</b>943, <b>S.</b>944, <b>S.</b>945, <b>S.</b>946, <b>S.</b>3355, <b>S.</b>3356.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of Mayo&#39;s bridge, <b>L.</b>7574, <b>S.</b>874, <b>S.</b>1181.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of Richmond &amp; Danville Railroad bridge, <b>L.</b>7646, <b>S.</b>853, <b>S.</b>869.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of Richmond &amp; Petersburg Railroad bridge, <b>S.</b>846, <b>S.</b>870, <b>S.</b>885, <b>S.</b>3361.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of paper mill, <b>S.</b>867.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of arsenal, <b>L.</b>7561, <b>S.</b>848, <b>S.</b>861, <b>S.</b>863, <b>S.</b>879, <b>S.</b>887, <b>S.</b>888, <b>S.</b>889, <b>S.</b>907.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of State armory, <b>L.</b>7030, <b>S.</b>865.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of State armory, and view down James River, <b>L.</b>7111, <b>L.</b>7236, <b>S.</b>883, <b>S.</b>884.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of Gallego flour-mills, <b>L.</b>7031, <b>L.</b>7176, <b>L.</b>7177, <b>S.</b>854, <b>S.</b>886, <b>S.</b>908, <b>S.</b>939.</span>
-<span class="i0">Haxall &amp; Crenshaw flour-mills, <b>S.</b>852, <b>S.</b>880.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of Exchange Bank, <b>S.</b>3357.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of Southern Express office, <b>S.</b>3354.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tredegar iron-works, <b>L.</b>7542, <b>S.</b>847, <b>S.</b>862, <b>S.</b>3358.</span>
-<span class="i0">Views on canal basin, <b>L.</b>7033, <b>S.</b>940, <b>S.</b>947.</span>
-<span class="i0">Views on the canal, <b>L.</b>7617, <b>S.</b>941, <b>S.</b>868, <b>S.</b>940.</span>
-<span class="i0">Libby Prison, <b>L.</b>7557, <b>S.</b>873, <b>S.</b>895, <b>S.</b>3364, <b>S.</b>3365.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kerr&#39;s tobacco factory, storehouse for federal supplies for prisoners, <b>S.</b>894.</span>
-<span class="i0">Castle Thunder, <b>L.</b>7616, <b>S.</b>859, <b>S.</b>897, <b>S.</b>3362, <b>S.</b>3363, <b>S.</b>3617.</span>
-<span class="i0">Views on Belle Isle, <b>S.</b>871, <b>S.</b>876, <b>S.</b>891.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pontoon bridge across James River, <b>S.</b>1011, <b>S.</b>3372, <b>S.</b>3373.</span>
-<span class="i0">View of James River from Hollywood Cemetery, <b>S.</b>929.</span>
-<span class="i0">Views of James River during freshet, <b>S.</b>877, <b>S.</b>878.</span>
-<span class="i0">State capitol, <b>S.</b>3359, <b>S.</b>3360.</span>
-<span class="i0">Governor&#39;s mansion, <b>S.</b>3378.</span>
-<span class="i0">General Washington&#39;s headquarters, <b>S.</b>935.</span>
-<span class="i0">Residence of Jefferson Davis, President of Confederate States, <b>S.</b>911, <b>S.</b>3376.</span>
-<span class="i0">Residence of Alexander H. Stephens, Vice-President of Confederate States, <b>S.</b>912.</span>
-<span class="i0">Residence of General Robert E. Lee, <b>L.</b>7087, <b>S.</b>925, <b>S.</b>3375.</span>
-<span class="i0">Washington Monument, <b>L.</b>7028, <b>S.</b>855, <b>S.</b>919.</span>
-<span class="i0">Henry Clay Monument, <b>S.</b>3383.</span>
-<span class="i0">Monumental Church, <b>S.</b>928, <b>S.</b>3369.</span>
-<span class="i0">First African Church, <b>S.</b>3368.</span>
-<span class="i0">Saint Paul&#39;s Church, <b>S.</b>937.</span>
-<span class="i0">Saint John&#39;s Church, <b>S.</b>3366, <b>S.</b>3367.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ballard House, <b>S.</b>921.</span>
-<span class="i0">Spotswood House, <b>S.</b>938.</span>
-<span class="i0">City Hall, <b>S.</b>850, <b>S.</b>923.</span>
-<span class="i0">City almshouse, <b>S.</b>860.</span>
-<span class="i0">Street views, <b>S.</b>866, <b>S.</b>926, <b>S.</b>927, <b>S.</b>936.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Hollywood Cemetery:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;graves of confederate soldiers, <b>S.</b>931, <b>S.</b>1020.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;tomb of President Monroe, <b>L.</b>7372, <b>S.</b>910, <b>S.</b>3379.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;grave of General J. E. B. Stuart, <b>S.</b>3618.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wagon-train of military telegraph corps, June, 1865, <b>L.</b>7183, <b>L.</b>7239.</span>
-<span class="i0">Operators of military telegraph, June, 1865, <b>L.</b>7481.</span>
-<span class="i0">New York newspaper correspondents&#39; row, <b>S.</b>3370.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of Christian Commission, <b>S.</b>3371.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Chickasaw Bayou, Mississippi, <b>S.</b>394.</span>
-<span class="i0">Battlefield of Chickasaw Bluffs, Mississippi, <b>S.</b>395.</span>
-<span class="i0">Poison spring on battlefield of Chickasaw Bluffs, Mississippi, <b>S.</b>396, <b>S.</b>922.</span>
-<span class="i0">Big Black River Station, Mississippi, <b>S.</b>392.</span>
-<span class="i0">Battlefield of Big Black River, Mississippi, <b>S.</b>1056.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">PORT ROYAL EXPEDITION.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Fort Beauregard, Bay Point, Saint Helena Island, S. C., November, 1861, <b>S.</b>203, <b>S.</b>204, <b>S.</b>205.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fort Wallace (or Walker), Hilton Head, S. C., November, 1861, <b>S.</b>207.</span>
-<span class="i0">Siege train, Hilton Head, S. C., November, 1861, <b>S.</b>166.</span>
-<span class="i0">Graves of sailors at Hilton Head, killed during bombardment of forts, <b>S.</b>187.</span>
-<span class="i0">Coosaw Ferry, Port Royal Island, S. C., <b>S.</b>183, <b>S.</b>201.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mock battery at Seabrook Point, Port Royal Island, S. C., built by Seventy-ninth New York infantry, <b>S.</b>161.</span>
-<span class="i0">Natural arch at Seabrook Point, Port Royal, S. C., <b>S.</b>202.</span>
-<span class="i0">Building pontoon bridge near Beaufort, S. C., March, 1862, <b>S.</b>157.</span>
-<span class="i0">Officers&#39; mess, at Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862, <b>S.</b>208.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fiftieth Pennsylvania Infantry, Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862, <b>S.</b>156.</span>
-<span class="i0">General I. I. Stevens, Beaufort, S. C., March, 1862, <b>S.</b>1183, <b>S.</b>164.</span>
-<span class="i0">General I. I. Stevens and staff; Beaufort, S. C., March, 1862, <b>S.</b>163.</span>
-<span class="i0">Signal station at Beaufort, S. C., formerly residence of J. G. Barnwell, February, 1862, <b>S.</b>172.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fuller&#39;s house, Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862, <b>S.</b>162, <b>S.</b>168.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rhett&#39;s house, Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862, <b>S.</b>155.</span>
-<span class="i0">Boat landing, Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862, <b>S.</b>171.</span>
-<span class="i0">Old tomb on Rhett&#39;s plantation, Port Royal Island, S. C., <b>S.</b>158.</span>
-<span class="i0">Smith&#39;s plantation, Port Royal Island, S. C., <b>S.</b>151, <b>S.</b>152, <b>S.</b>154.</span>
-<span class="i0">Preparing cotton for the gin, <b>S.</b>159.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mill&#39;s plantation, Port Royal Island, S. C., <b>S.</b>169, <b>S.</b>211, <b>S.</b>1177.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dock at Hilton Head, built by soldiers, April, 1862, <b>S.</b>170.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of General Hunter at Hilton Head, April, 1862, <b>S.</b>209.</span>
-<span class="i0">Army bakery, Hilton Head, April, 1862, <b>S.</b>210.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">SIEGE OF FORT PULASKI.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Exterior view of front after bombardment, April, 1862, <b>S.</b>188.</span>
-<span class="i0">Exterior view of rear, April, 1862, <b>S.</b>189.</span>
-<span class="i0">Exterior view of side, April, 1862, <b>S.</b>193.</span>
-<span class="i0">Distant view of breach, April, 1862, <b>S.</b>190.</span>
-<span class="i0">Close view of breach, April, 1862, <b>S.</b>192.</span>
-<span class="i0">Interior view of breach, April, 1862, <b>S.</b>191.</span>
-<span class="i0">Interior view of rear parapet, April, 1862, <b>S.</b>194.</span>
-<span class="i0">Interior view of front parapet, April, 1862, <b>S.</b>198.</span>
-<span class="i0">A dismounted mortar, April, 1862, <b>S.</b>199.</span>
-<span class="i0">The &quot;Jeff Davis&quot; gun, April, 1862, <b>S.</b>196.</span>
-<span class="i0">The &quot;Beauregard&quot; gun, April, 1862, <b>S.</b>197.</span>
-<span class="i0">Interior view of parapet with guns &quot;Jeff Davis,&quot; &quot;Beauregard,&quot; and &quot;Stephens&quot; in position, April, 1862, <b>S.</b>200.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">FORT FISHER EXPEDITION.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Fleet of Fort Fisher Expedition In Hampton Roads, December, 1864, <b>L.</b>7432, <b>S.</b>836.</span>
-<span class="i0">Admiral Porter&#39;s flagship Malvern, Norfolk, Va., December, 1864, <b>L.</b>7147.</span>
-<span class="i0">Admiral Porter and staff on board flagship Malvern, Norfolk, Va., December, 1864, <b>L.</b>7227, <b>L.</b>7244, <b>L.</b>7541.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Fort Fisher:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;panoramic view of land face (part 1), <b>L.</b>7297, (part 2) <b>L.</b>7480, <b>L.</b>7168, (part 3) <b>L.</b>7170, (part 4) <b>L.</b>7242.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;views on land face, <b>L.</b>7149, <b>L.</b>7572, <b>L.</b>7635.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;first six traverses on sea face, <b>L.</b>7335.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;sixth to eleventh traverse on sea face, <b>L.</b>7577.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;from tenth traverse to end on sea face, <b>L.</b>7573.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior view of first traverse, northwest end, showing entrance to fort, <b>L.</b>7196.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior view of first three traverses on land front, <b>L.</b>7440, <b>S.</b>1229.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior view of a traverse on land front, <b>L.</b>7056, <b>S.</b>1236.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior view at southeast end, showing site of main magazine, <b>L.</b>7057.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior view of first six traverses on sea face, <b>L.</b>7101.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;ten different interior views of traverses, showing guns dismounted and destruction caused by bombardment, <b>L.</b>7061, <b>L.</b>7195, <b>L.</b>7243, <b>S.</b>1230, <b>S.</b>1233, <b>S.</b>1235, <b>S.</b>1238, <b>S.</b>1239, <b>S.</b>1241, <b>S.</b>1242.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior view of &quot;the pulpit,&quot; <b>L.</b>7535, <b>S.</b>1240.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Armstrong gun, <b>L.</b>7073, <b>S.</b>1234.</span>
-<span class="i0">Battery Lamb, on sea front of Fort Fisher, <b>L.</b>7119, <b>L.</b>7622, <b>S.</b>1232.</span>
-<span class="i0">Battery Buchanan, near Fort Fisher, <b>S.</b>1231.</span>
-<span class="i0">Quartermaster and commissary office, near Fort Fisher, <b>L.</b>7209.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">SIEGE OF CHARLESTON.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>Fort Sumter:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Interior views, showing how walls were strengthened, <b>S.</b>3457, <b>S.</b>3458, <b>S.</b>3459, <b>S.</b>3460.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior views on parapet, <b>S.</b>3461, <b>S.</b>3466.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;view from parapet, <b>S.</b>3464.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;view from east angle of parapet, facing Morris Island, <b>S.</b>3465.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior views at time of celebrating raising United States flag <b>S.</b>3454, <b>S.</b>3455, <b>S.</b>3456.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;exterior views showing cheveaux-de-frise and wires to protect against assaulting parties, <b>S.</b>3462, <b>S.</b>3463.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page119" id="page119"></a>[pg&nbsp;119]</span></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Fort Moultrie, interior views, <b>S.</b>3467, <b>S.</b>3468, <b>S.</b>3469, <b>S.</b>3470, <b>S.</b>3473, <b>S.</b>3476, <b>S.</b>3477.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Fort Johnson:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior views, <b>S.</b>3484, <b>S.</b>3485, <b>S.</b>3487, <b>S.</b>3488.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior view, looking toward Fort Sumter, <b>S.</b>3475.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;water battery, Fort Sumter in distance, <b>S.</b>3471, <b>S.</b>3472.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fort Putnam, interior views, <b>S.</b>3474, <b>S.</b>3478, <b>S.</b>3479, <b>S.</b>3480, <b>S.</b>3481, <b>S.</b>3482, <b>S.</b>3483.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fort Marshall, interior view at northeast angle, <b>S.</b>3486.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wreck of blockade-runner Colt, off Sullivan&#39;s Island, <b>S.</b>3411.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>City of Charleston:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;view of city from top of orphan asylum, <b>S.</b>3419, <b>S.</b>3420.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;view of city from top of Mills House, looking up Meeting Street, <b>S.</b>3440.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;headquarters of General Hatch, <b>S.</b>3429.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;house on Broad Street in which federal officers were confined under fire, <b>S.</b>3449, <b>S.</b>3450.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Roper&#39;s Hospital, <b>S.</b>3434.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;ruins on the battery, effects of the bombardment, <b>S.</b>3451.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;ruins of Northeastern Railroad depot, <b>S.</b>3452, <b>S.</b>3453.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;ruins of Secession Hall, where first ordinance of secession was passed, <b>S.</b>3447.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Hibernian Hall, <b>S.</b>3439.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Circular Church, <b>S.</b>3441, <b>S.</b>3442.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;ruins opposite Circular Church, <b>S.</b>3448.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Saint Michael&#39;s Church, <b>S.</b>3437.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Unitarian and German Lutheran Churches, <b>S.</b>3436.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;ruins of Roman Catholic Cathedral, burned in 1861, <b>S.</b>3443, <b>S.</b>3444, <b>S.</b>3445, <b>S.</b>3446.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;ruins of Dr. Gadsden&#39;s house, effects of bombardment, <b>S.</b>3438.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;city hall, <b>S.</b>3432.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;post-office, <b>S.</b>3426, <b>S.</b>3427.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;market house, <b>S.</b>3428.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Charleston Hotel, <b>S.</b>3431.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;orphan asylum, <b>S.</b>3422, <b>S.</b>3423, <b>S.</b>3424, <b>S.</b>3425.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;offices of United States Treasury agent and quartermaster, <b>S.</b>3435.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Governor Aiken&#39;s house, <b>S.</b>3433.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;grave of John C. Calhoun, <b>S.</b>3421.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">NAVY.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Ruins of Norfolk navy-yard, <b>S.</b>984.</span>
-<span class="i0">Steam frigate Pensacola, off Alexandria, June, 1861, <b>S.</b>103.</span>
-<span class="i0">Deck and turret of the original &quot;Monitor,&quot; July, 1862, <b>S.</b>486, <b>S.</b>659.</span>
-<span class="i0">Officers of the original &quot;Monitor,&quot; July, 1862, <b>S.</b>390, <b>S.</b>487, <b>S.</b>492, <b>S.</b>1077.</span>
-<span class="i0">Crew of the original &quot;Monitor,&quot; July, 1862, <b>S.</b>490, <b>S.</b>660.</span>
-<span class="i0">Iron-clad gunboat Galena, after her attack on Fort Darling, July, 1862, <b>S.</b>488, <b>S.</b>652.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gunboat Yankee at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, <b>S.</b>714.</span>
-<span class="i0">Confederate blockade-runner Teaser, captured by the United States gunboat Maritanza, July, 1862, <b>L.</b>7414, <b>L.</b>7426.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gunboat Maritanza, as she appeared immediately after capture of blockade-runner Teaser, July, 1862, <b>S.</b>484.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bow gun on confederate blockade-runner Teaser, July, 1862, <b>S.</b>481.</span>
-<span class="i0">One hundred-pounder gun on confederate blockade-runner Teaser, July, 1862, <b>S.</b>482.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dock of confederate blockade-runner Teaser, showing destruction caused by shell fired by United States gunboat Maritanza, July, 1862, <b>S.</b>483.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gunboat Santiago de Cuba, Hampton Roads, December, 1864, <b>L.</b>7226.</span>
-<span class="i0">School-ship Sabine, Hampton Roads, December, 1864, <b>L.</b>7415.</span>
-<span class="i0">Steamer Malvern, Admiral Porter&#39;s flagship on the Fort Fisher expedition, Norfolk, Va., December, 1864, <b>L.</b>7147.</span>
-<span class="i0">Admiral Porter and staff, on flagship Malvern, Hampton Roads, December, 1864, <b>L.</b>7244, <b>L.</b>7227, <b>L.</b>7541.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gunboat Fort Donelson, Norfolk, Va., December, 1864, <b>L.</b>7416.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gunboat Fort Jackson, Norfolk, Va., December, 1864, <b>L.</b>7425.</span>
-<span class="i0">Deck and turret of monitor Kaatskill, Charleston Harbor, S. C., <b>S.</b>3412.</span>
-<span class="i0">Quarter-deck of Pawnee, Charleston Harbor, S. C., <b>S.</b>3408, <b>S.</b>3410.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gunboat Mendota, James River, Va., <b>S.</b>2471.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gunboat Commodore Perry, James River, Va., <b>S.</b>2472.</span>
-<span class="i0">The monitor Canonicus, James River, Va., <b>S.</b>2468, <b>S.</b>2469, <b>S.</b>2470.</span>
-<span class="i0">Officers on deck of Philadelphia, Charleston Harbor, S. C., <b>S.</b>3414.</span>
-<span class="i0">Admiral Dahlgren and staff, on deck of Pawnee, Charleston Harbor, S. C., <b>S.</b>3413.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="cnobmargin">PORTRAITS OF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF<br />
-UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Abraham Lincoln, President, <b>S.</b>1312.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hannibal Hamlin, Vice-President, <b>S.</b>1429.</span>
-<span class="i0">William H. Seward, Secretary of State, <b>S.</b>1431.</span>
-<span class="i0">Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of Treasury, <b>S.</b>1747.</span>
-<span class="i0">Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, <b>S.</b>1599.</span>
-<span class="i0">Edwin S. Stanton, Secretary of War, <b>S.</b>2208.</span>
-<span class="i0">Charles A. Dana. Assistant Secretary of War, <b>S.</b>2430.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gideon Welles, Secretary of Navy, <b>S.</b>1175, <b>S.</b>1375.</span>
-<span class="i0">John P. Usher, Secretary of Interior, <b>S.</b>1708.</span>
-<span class="i0">Edward Bates, Attorney-General, <b>S.</b>1741.</span>
-<span class="i0">James Speed, Attorney-General, <b>S.</b>2080.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">PORTRAITS OF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF CONFEDERATE STATES GOVERNMENT.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Jefferson Davis, President, <b>S.</b>1453.</span>
-<span class="i0">Alexander H. Stephens, Vice-President, <b>S.</b>1430.</span>
-<span class="i0">R. M. T. Hunter, Secretary of State, <b>S.</b>1740.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stephen R. Mallory, Secretary of Navy, <b>S.</b>1743.</span>
-<span class="i0">John H. Reagan, Postmaster-General, <b>S.</b>1996.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">  GRAND REVIEW OF THE ARMY.</p>
-
-<p class="center">  <span class="smcap">Washington, D. C., May 22 and 23, 1865.</span></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Fourteen different views at the reviewing-stand in front of Executive Mansion, <b>L.</b>7694, <b>L.</b>7749, <b>S.</b>1248, <b>S.</b>1249, <b>S.</b>1250, <b>S.</b>1251, <b>S.</b>1252, <b>S.</b>1253, <b>S.</b>1254, <b>S.</b>1255, <b>S.</b>1256, <b>S.</b>3388, <b>S.</b>3390, <b>S.</b>3391.</span>
-<span class="i0">Three different views looking up Pennsylvania Avenue towards Seventeenth Street from opposite reviewing-stand, <b>S.</b>1277, <b>S.</b>1278, <b>S.</b>1283.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fifteen different views looking down Pennsylvania Avenue from corner of Fifteenth Street, <b>S.</b>1257, <b>S.</b>1258, <b>S.</b>1259, <b>S.</b>1260, <b>S.</b>1261, <b>S.</b>1262, <b>S.</b>1263, <b>S.</b>1264, <b>S.</b>1265, <b>S.</b>1266, <b>S.</b>1267, <b>S.</b>1268, <b>S.</b>1269, <b>S.</b>1270, <b>S.</b>1271.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stand for spectators at corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Fifteenth Street, <b>S.</b>1276, <b>S.</b>1279.</span>
-<span class="i0">The public school children on west front of capitol, <b>L.</b>7748, <b>S.</b>1280, <b>S.</b>1281.</span>
-<span class="i0">Troops marching down Capitol Hill on west side of the Capitol, <b>S.</b>1282.</span>
-<span class="i0">View looking down Pennsylvania Avenue from corner of Ninth Street, <b>L.</b>7907.</span>
-<span class="i0">General John A. Logan and staff, and Army of Tennessee, passing in review, <b>S.</b>3321.</span>
-<span class="i0">General H. S. Wright and staff, and Sixth Army Corps, passing in review, <b>S.</b>3392.</span>
-<span class="i0">General H. W. Slocum and staff, and Army of Georgia, passing in review, <b>S.</b>3393, <b>S.</b>3394.</span>
-<span class="i0">General Jefferson C. Davis and staff, and Nineteenth Army Corps, passing in review, <b>S.</b>3395.</span>
-<span class="i0">Portion of Twentieth Army Corps passing in review, <b>S.</b>3396, <b>S.</b>3397, <b>S.</b>3398.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>Ford&#39;s Theater, place of assassination:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;exterior view, <b>L.</b>7765.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;view of box in which President was assassinated, <b>S.</b>3403, <b>S.</b>3404.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;chair occupied by President at time of assassination, <b>S.</b>1939, <b>S.</b>3405, <b>S.</b>3406, <b>S.</b>3407.</span>
-<span class="i0">Howard&#39;s stable, place where Booth hired the horse on which he escaped, <b>L.</b>7766, <b>L.</b>7767.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lewis Payne, one of the conspirators, <b>L.</b>7769, <b>L.</b>7770, <b>L.</b>7771, <b>L.</b>7772, <b>L.</b>7773, <b>L.</b>7774, <b>L.</b>7775, <b>L.</b>7776, <b>L.</b>7777.</span>
-<span class="i0">Michael O&#39;Laughlin, one of the conspirators, <b>L.</b>7768, <b>L.</b>7780, <b>L.</b>7783.</span>
-<span class="i0">Samuel Arnold, one of the conspirators, <b>L.</b>7778, <b>L.</b>7779.</span>
-<span class="i0">George A. Atzerot, one of the conspirators, <b>L.</b>7781, <b>L.</b>7782.</span>
-<span class="i0">David E. Harrold, one of the conspirators, <b>L.</b>7784, <b>L.</b>7785, <b>L.</b>7786.</span>
-<span class="i0">Edward Spangler, one of the conspirators, <b>L.</b>7787, <b>L.</b>7788.</span>
-<span class="i0">Unknown persons, arrested on suspicion, <b>L.</b>7789, <b>L.</b>7790, <b>L.</b>7791, <b>L.</b>7792, <b>L.</b>7793.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Execution of conspirators:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;views of the scaffold before the execution, <b>L.</b>7757, <b>L.</b>7759.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;on the scaffold, <b>L.</b>7795.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;reading the warrant, <b>L.</b>7796.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;adjusting the ropes, <b>L.</b>7797, <b>L.</b>7799.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;the trap sprung, <b>L.</b>7798, <b>L.</b>7800.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;the graves, <b>L.</b>7760.</span>
-<span class="i0">Funeral procession of President Lincoln on Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C., <b>S.</b>1272, <b>S.</b>1273, <b>S.</b>1275. Funeral car of President Lincoln, <b>S.</b>1985.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">EXECUTION OF CAPTAIN WIRTZ (C. <b>S.</b> A.), THE BRUTAL KEEPER OF ANDERSONVILLE PRISON-PEN.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Reading the death warrant, <b>L.</b>7752.</span>
-<span class="i0">Adjusting the rope, <b>L.</b>7753.</span>
-<span class="i0">Springing the trap, <b>L.</b>7754.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wirtz hanging, <b>L.</b>7755.</span>
-<span class="i0">Newspaper correspondents viewing the execution, <b>L.</b>7756.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">CITY OF WASHINGTON, 1861-1865.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>Office of Chief Signal Officer:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;with Colonel Fisher and officers, <b>L.</b>7814, <b>L.</b>7848.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;with group of officers and clerks, <b>L.</b>7695.</span>
-<span class="i0">Central signal station, <b>L.</b>7683.</span>
-<span class="i0">Medical department, <b>L.</b>7811, <b>L.</b>7921.</span>
-<span class="i0">Quartermaster&#39;s office (Captain Tompkins), <b>L.</b>7840, <b>L.</b>7918, <b>L.</b>7919.</span>
-<span class="i0">Quartermaster&#39;s office (Seventh Street wharf), <b>L.</b>7876.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hospital of quartermaster&#39;s department, <b>L.</b>7812, <b>L.</b>7904.</span>
-<span class="i0">Government bakery, <b>L.</b>7859, <b>L.</b>7885.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mess-house at government stable, <b>L.</b>7674, <b>L.</b>7676.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mess-house of quartermaster&#39;s employees, <b>L.</b>7901, <b>L.</b>7902, <b>L.</b>7903.</span>
-<span class="i0">Quartermaster&#39;s warehouse, <b>L.</b>7013, <b>L.</b>7821, <b>L.</b>7831, <b>L.</b>7858, <b>L.</b>7870.</span>
-<span class="i0">Government horse-shoeing shop, <b>L.</b>7820.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Government repair shops:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;wheelwright shop, <b>L.</b>7856, <b>L.</b>7878, <b>L.</b>7900.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;trimming shop, <b>L.</b>7700.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;paint shop, <b>L.</b>7701.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;carpenter shop, <b>L.</b>7836.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;blacksmith shop, <b>L.</b>7699, <b>L.</b>7864.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;ambulance shop, <b>L.</b>7834.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;office, <b>L.</b>7923, <b>L.</b>7925.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;general view, <b>L.</b>7922.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;street in rear, <b>L.</b>7888.</span>
-<span class="i0">General M. D. Hardin&#39;s headquarters, April, 1865, <b>L.</b>7883.</span>
-<span class="i0">General Alfred Pleasonton&#39;s headquarters, April, 1865, <b>L.</b>7838, <b>L.</b>7920.</span>
-<span class="i0">Old Capitol Prison, <b>S.</b>1019.</span>
-<span class="i0">Forest Hall Prison, <b>L.</b>7867.</span>
-<span class="i0">Park of artillery at arsenal, <b>L.</b>7250, <b>L.</b>7671, <b>S.</b>2283, <b>S.</b>2284, <b>S.</b>2285.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wiard guns at arsenal, <b>L.</b>7246, <b>S.</b>2286.</span>
-<span class="i0">Groups of clerks at War Department, <b>L.</b>7873, <b>L.</b>7899.</span>
-<span class="i0">Groups of clerks at Quartermaster-General&#39;s Office, <b>L.</b>7055, <b>L.</b>7826, <b>L.</b>7827, <b>L.</b>7828, <b>L.</b>7829, <b>L.</b>7855, <b>L.</b>7871, <b>L.</b>7872.</span>
-<span class="i0">Group of employees at quartermaster&#39;s depot, <b>L.</b>7891.</span>
-<span class="i0">Group of clerks at provost-marshal&#39;s office, <b>L.</b>7889.</span>
-<span class="i0">Office of Christian Commission, <b>L.</b>7718, <b>L.</b>7719, <b>L.</b>7720, <b>L.</b>7721.</span>
-<span class="i0">Long Bridge, <b>L.</b>7824.</span>
-<span class="i0">Long Bridge, after its destruction by freshet, <b>L.</b>7819.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fire at which Ellsworth&#39;s Zouaves distinguished themselves, <b>S.</b>2293.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">DEFENCES OF WASHINGTON.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of defences of Washington, south of Potomac, August, 1865, <b>L.</b>7340.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Fort Corcoran</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;guard-house and guard, <b>L.</b>7841.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;rear entrance, <b>S.</b>2309</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;loading big gun, <b>S.</b>2310</span>
-<span class="i0">Fort Lincoln, <b>L.</b>7409.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fort Lincoln, detachment manning the guns, Co. &quot;H,&quot; 3d Massachusetts Artillery, <b>L.</b>7874</span>
-<span class="i0">Fort Richardson, view of interior, <b>S.</b>2311.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fort C. F. Smith, views of interior, Co&#39;s &quot;F,&quot; &quot;L,&quot; and &quot;K,&quot; 2d New York Artillery, <b>L.</b>7672, <b>L.</b>7673, <b>L.</b>7675.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Fort Stevens:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;views of interior and 3d Massachusetts Artillery, <b>L.</b>7692, <b>L.</b>7744, <b>L.</b>7803, <b>L.</b>7917.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;officers&#39; quarters, 3d Massachusetts Artillery, <b>L.</b>7282, <b>L.</b>7696.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;barracks, 3d Massachusetts Artillery, <b>L.</b>7746, <b>L.</b>7897.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fort Slemmer, rear entrance, <b>S.</b>2318.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Fort Totten:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;sally-port and group of 3d Massachusetts Artillery, <b>L.</b>7021.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;views of interior and group of 3d Massachusetts Artillery, <b>L.</b>7249, <b>L.</b>7253, <b>L.</b>7681, <b>L.</b>7687.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;officers&#39; quarters, 3d Massachusetts Artillery, <b>L.</b>7261, <b>L.</b>7678.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;view of interior, <b>S.</b>2313.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Fort Whipple:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;headquarters, <b>L.</b>7408.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;batteries in No. 2, <b>L.</b>7034.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;light battery, <b>L.</b>7669.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fort Woodbury, <b>S.</b>2319.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp Barry, artillery depot, July, 1863, <b>L.</b>7010, <b>L.</b>7436.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Camp Stoneman, Griesboro, Md., cavalry depot:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;general views, May, 1864, <b>L.</b>7015, <b>L.</b>7017.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;General Gamble, Major Sawyer, and officers, March, 1865, <b>L.</b>7808, <b>L.</b>7349, <b>L.</b>7835, <b>L.</b>7837.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;band and quarters, March, 1865, <b>L.</b>7350.</span>
-<span class="i0">Signal Corps camp, <b>L.</b>7724, <b>L.</b>7725, <b>L.</b>7727, <b>L.</b>7730, <b>L.</b>7732.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of Thirteenth New York Cavalry, Prospect Hill, <b>L.</b>7218, <b>L.</b>7722, <b>L.</b>7733, <b>L.</b>7736, <b>L.</b>7737, <b>L.</b>7739.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of General Hardin near Fort Slocum, <b>L.</b>7228, <b>L.</b>7431.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brigade headquarters near Fort Lincoln, <b>L.</b>7908, <b>S.</b>1147.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of General S. P. Heintzelman, Fort Lyon, <b>S.</b>2305.</span>
-<span class="i0">Roche&#39;s house, near Arlington House, <b>S.</b>2306.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of General Irwin McDowell, Arlington House, <b>S.</b>2307.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of General W. F. Bartlett, <b>L.</b>7020, <b>L.</b>7221, <b>L.</b>7223, <b>L.</b>7731.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of General A. McD. McCook, Brightwood, D. C., July, 1804, <b>L.</b>7205.</span>
-<span class="i0">Blair&#39;s house, Silver Springs, D. C., <b>S.</b>1012, <b>S.</b>1197.</span>
-<span class="i0">House near Fort Stevens, showing effect of shot during Early&#39;s attack on Washington, <b>S.</b>1018, <b>S.</b>1170.</span>
-<span class="i0">Soldiers&#39; cemetery, near Fort Stevens, <b>L.</b>7682.</span>
-<span class="i0">Soldiers&#39; cemetery at Soldiers&#39; Home, <b>S.</b>1188.</span>
-<span class="i0">General A. McD. McCook and staff, Brightwood, D. C., July, 1864, <b>L.</b>7206, <b>L.</b>7660, <b>S.</b>1022.</span>
-<span class="i0">General C. C. Augur and staff, <b>L.</b>7118, <b>L.</b>7869, <b>S.</b>1001.</span>
-<span class="i0">Examining passes at Georgetown Ferry, <b>S.</b>290, <b>S.</b>291.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pontoon bridge between Georgetown and Analostan Island, <b>L.</b>7866.</span>
-<span class="i0">Block-house near Aqueduct Bridge, <b>S.</b>2282.</span>
-<span class="i0">Views of Georgetown, <b>L.</b>7685, <b>L.</b>7846, <b>L.</b>7894, <b>L.</b>7895.</span>
-<span class="i0">Views from Georgetown Heights, <b>L.</b>7823, <b>L.</b>7882.</span>
-<span class="i0">Aqueduct Bridge, Potomac River, <b>L.</b>7817, <b>S.</b>288, <b>S.</b>289, <b>S.</b>2308.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cabin John Bridge, Potomac River, <b>L.</b>7651.</span>
-<span class="i0">Chain Bridge, Potomac River, <b>L.</b>7655, <b>L.</b>7656, <b>L.</b>7657, <b>S.</b>2282, <b>S.</b>2290, <b>S.</b>2291.</span>
-<span class="i0">Foot-bridge, near Chain Bridge, <b>S.</b>2292.</span>
-<span class="i0">View on Cabin John Run, <b>S.</b>2287.</span>
-<span class="i0">Great Falls, Potomac River, <b>L.</b>7652, <b>L.</b>7653, <b>L.</b>7654.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">HOSPITALS IN WASHINGTON AND VICINITY.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Quartermasters&#39; Hospital, <b>L.</b>7812, <b>L.</b>7904.</span>
-<span class="i0">Douglass Hospital, <b>L.</b>7816, <b>L.</b>7884.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tent Hospital in rear of Douglass Hospital, <b>L.</b>7924.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stanton Hospital, <b>L.</b>7914.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Armory Square Hospital:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;chapel, showing dome of Capitol in the distance, <b>L.</b>7916.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior of Ward K, <b>L.</b>7822, <b>L.</b>7886, <b>L.</b>7887.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Harewood Hospital:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;general views, <b>L.</b>7825, <b>S.</b>1014.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;exterior of Ward B, <b>S.</b>1209.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior of ward, <b>S.</b>1006, <b>S.</b>1007, <b>S.</b>1008.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior of mess-room, <b>S.</b>1168.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;officers&#39; quarters, <b>L.</b>7663, <b>S.</b>1206.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;ambulance train, <b>S.</b>1146.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tent hospital at Kendall Green, <b>S.</b>1208.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of Kalorama Hospital, May. 1865, <b>L.</b>7690.</span>
-<span class="i0">Surgeons at Finlay Hospital, April, 1864, <b>L.</b>7853.</span>
-<span class="i0">Surgeons at Seminary Hospital, April, 1865, <b>L.</b>7875.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">CITY OF ALEXANDRIA, VA.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Marshall House, where Colonel Ellsworth was killed, <b>S.</b>1189, <b>S.</b>2294, <b>S.</b>2295.</span>
-<span class="i0">Slave-pen, <b>L.</b>7264, <b>S.</b>1003, <b>S.</b>1174, <b>S.</b>2296, <b>S.</b>2297, <b>S.</b>2298, <b>S.</b>2299, <b>S.</b>2300.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>Soldiers&#39; Rest:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;exterior views, July, 1865, <b>L.</b>7815, <b>S.</b>1039.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior of kitchen, July, 1865, <b>L.</b>7863.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lodge of Sanitary Commission, July, 1864, <b>S.</b>1203.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lodge of Sanitary Commission at convalescent camp, May, 1863, <b>S.</b>1204.</span>
-<span class="i0">Soldiers&#39; cemetery, <b>L.</b>7256, <b>S.</b>1172.</span>
-<span class="i0">Christ Church, <b>S.</b>2301.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">FORT MONROE AND HAMPTON, VA., 1864.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>Fortress Monroe:</b></span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;the sally-port, <b>S.</b>829.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;the parade-ground, <b>S.</b>830.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;the Lincoln gun, <b>L.</b>7419, <b>S.</b>833.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;exterior of officers&#39; quarters in the casemates, <b>S.</b>832.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;interior of officers&#39; Quarters in the casemates, <b>S.</b>835.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;group of officers and their families, <b>L.</b>7411.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;post band, <b>L.</b>7421.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;hygeia saloon, <b>L.</b>7420.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;quartermaster&#39;s office, <b>L.</b>7418, <b>L.</b>7422, <b>S.</b>838.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;the beach, <b>S.</b>839.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;light-house, <b>S.</b>837.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hampton, Va., <b>L.</b>7029, <b>L.</b>7412, <b>S.</b>841.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruins of old church at Hampton, Va., <b>S.</b>16, <b>S.</b>459, <b>S.</b>405, <b>S.</b>466, <b>S.</b>467, <b>S.</b>1244.</span>
-<span class="i0">Chesapeake Hospital, Hampton, Va., <b>L.</b>7417, <b>L.</b>7427, <b>S.</b>840.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ammunition schooners in Hampton Roads, Va., <b>L.</b>7424.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">SANITARY COMMISSION AND CHRISTIAN COMMISSION.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Sanitary commissioners, <b>S.</b>1816.</span>
-<span class="i0">Central office of Sanitary Commission, Washington, D. C., <b>L.</b>7704, <b>L.</b>7706, <b>L.</b>7708, <b>S.</b>1198.</span>
-<span class="i0">Storehouse of Sanitary Commission, Washington, D. C., <b>L.</b>7709, <b>L.</b>7710.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. &mdash;, Washington, D. C., <b>L.</b>7707.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. &mdash;, Washington, D. C., <b>L.</b>7712.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. &mdash;, Washington, D. C., <b>L.</b>7713.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. &mdash;, Washington, D. C., <b>L.</b>7714.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. &mdash;, Washington, D. C., <b>L.</b>7715.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. &mdash;, Washington, D. C., <b>L.</b>7716.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. &mdash;, Washington, D. C., <b>L.</b>7717.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. &mdash;, Washington, D. C., <b>S.</b>1200.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. &mdash;, Washington, D. C., <b>S.</b>1201.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. &mdash;, Washington, D. C., <b>S.</b>1202.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wagon and outfit of field relief corps of Sanitary Commission, <b>L.</b>7711, <b>S.</b>1199.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page120" id="page120"></a>[pg&nbsp;120]</span></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Lodge of Sanitary Commission, Alexandria, Va., <b>S.</b>1203.</span>
-<span class="i0">Office of Sanitary Commission, convalescent camp, near Alexandria, Va., <b>S.</b>1204.</span>
-<span class="i0">Office of Sanitary Commission, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, <b>S.</b>737</span>
-<span class="i0">Storehouse of Sanitary Commission, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, <b>S.</b>739.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cooking tents of Sanitary Commission, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, <b>S.</b>742.</span>
-<span class="i0">Nurses and officers of Sanitary Commission, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, <b>S.</b>741.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wounded soldiers of Kearney&#39;s Division at Sanitary Commission, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, <b>S.</b>740.</span>
-<span class="i0">Office of Sanitary Commission, Gettysburg, Pa., <b>S.</b>238.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of Sanitary Commission at Belle Plain Landing, May, 1864, <b>S.</b>2484.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wagons of Sanitary Commission at Belle Plain Landing, May, 1864, <b>S.</b>2478.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of Christian Commission in the field, Germantown, Va., August, 1863, <b>L.</b>7471.</span>
-<span class="i0">Office of Christian Commission, Washington, D. C., <b>L.</b>7718, <b>L.</b>7719, <b>L.</b>7720, <b>L.</b>7721.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp of Christian Commission at White House Landing, Va., <b>S.</b>2487.</span>
-<span class="i0">Headquarters of Christian Commission, Richmond, Va., <b>S.</b>3371.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">MISCELLANEOUS.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Levee at Vicksburg, Miss., February, 1864, <b>S.</b>391.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brazilian steamer, <b>L.</b>7830, <b>S.</b>346, <b>S.</b>347.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dix&#39;s autograph letter, &quot;Shoot him on the spot,&quot; <b>S.</b>3763.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tomb of Washington&#39;s mother, Fredericksburg, Va., <b>S.</b>712.</span>
-<span class="i0">Residence of John Minor Botts, <b>L.</b>7123, <b>L.</b>7124, <b>L.</b>7125, <b>L.</b>7629, <b>S.</b>286, <b>S.</b>287.</span>
-<span class="i0">John Minor Botts and family, <b>L.</b>7121, <b>L.</b>7122.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pateilus&#39;s house, <b>L.</b>7745.</span>
-<span class="i0">Agricultural College near Bladensburg, Md., <b>L.</b>7428.</span>
-<span class="i0">Memorial tablet to Lieut. Henry B. Hidden, <b>L.</b>7462.</span>
-<span class="i0">Captain Huff&#39;s camp at Gettysburg, <b>L.</b>7231, <b>L.</b>7232, <b>L.</b>7247.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wounded Indian soldiers, <b>S.</b>2312.</span>
-<span class="i0">Manner of removing wounded, <b>L.</b>7285, <b>L.</b>7381, <b>L.</b>7636, <b>S.</b>304, <b>S.</b>1078.</span>
-<span class="i0">General Rufus Ingalls and group, City Point, Va., <b>L.</b>7284, <b>L.</b>7524, <b>L.</b>7619.</span>
-<span class="i0">Military Telegraph Corps, Major Eckert and group, <b>L.</b>7487.</span>
-<span class="i0">Group of artillery officers, Antietam, Md., September, 1862, <b>S.</b>579.</span>
-<span class="i0">Captain Clark and Captain Jane, <b>S.</b>2356.</span>
-<span class="i0">Two officers of General A. A. Humphrey&#39;s staff, <b>L.</b>7300, <b>L.</b>7404.</span>
-<span class="i0">Officers of staff of General Pierce, <b>L.</b>7368.</span>
-<span class="i0">Officers of staff of General Gersham Mott, <b>L.</b>7257.</span>
-<span class="i0">Officers of staff of General A. McD. McCook, Brightwood, D. C., July. 1864, <b>L.</b>7070.</span>
-<span class="i0">Officers or Signal Corps camp, near Washington, D. C., <b>L.</b>7266, <b>L.</b>7728, <b>L.</b>7729.</span>
-<span class="i0">General Daniel Butterfield&#39;s horse, Falmouth, Va., April, 1863, <b>L.</b>7558.</span>
-<span class="i0">Captain Beckwith&#39;s horse, headquarters Army of Potomac, February, 1863, <b>L.</b>7278.</span>
-<span class="i0">General George G. Meade&#39;s horse, <b>L.</b>7370.</span>
-<span class="i0">General U. S. Grant&#39;s horses, Cold Harbor, Va., June 14, 1864, <b>S.</b>2429.</span>
-<span class="i0">General John A. Rawlins&#39;s horse, Cold Harbor, Va., June 14, 1864, <b>S.</b>2431.</span>
-<span class="i0">Captain Webster&#39;s horse, headquarters Army of Potomac, March, 1864, <b>L.</b>7307.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lieutenant King&#39;s horse, <b>L.</b>7376.</span>
-<span class="i0">Colonel Sharpe&#39;s horse, headquarters Army of Potomac, April, 1863, <b>L.</b>7321, <b>L.</b>7536.</span>
-<span class="i0">Major Allen (Pinkerton), of Secret Service Department, <b>L.</b>7468.</span>
-<span class="i0">William Wilson, headquarters Army of Potomac, <b>L.</b>7127.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mr. Talfor, engineer-draughtsman at headquarters Army of Potomac, <b>L.</b>7435.</span>
-<span class="i0">J. Furey, Quartermaster&#39;s Department, October, 1863, <b>L.</b>7469.</span>
-<span class="i0">A. R. Ward, artist for Harper&#39;s Weekly, <b>L.</b>7164, <b>S.</b>254.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mrs. Tynan and sons, Frederick, Md., <b>L.</b>7190.</span>
-<span class="i0">Captain Huff&#39;s clerk, <b>L.</b>7488.</span>
-<span class="i0">Frank C. Tilley (or Filley), <b>S.</b>1624.</span>
-<span class="i0">Discussing probabilities of next advance, <b>S.</b>175.</span>
-<span class="i0">Departure from the old homestead, <b>S.</b>306.</span>
-<span class="i0">A camp kitchen (tasting the soup), <b>S.</b>2416.</span>
-<span class="i0">Inauguration of President Grant, <b>S.</b>1284, <b>S.</b>1285, <b>S.</b>1286.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fifteen-inch gun, <b>L.</b>7909.</span>
-<span class="i0">Big gun, <b>L.</b>7659.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wiard guns, <b>L.</b>7012, <b>L.</b>7102, <b>L.</b>7832, <b>L.</b>7857.</span>
-<span class="i0">Park of artillery, <b>L.</b>7024.</span>
-<span class="i0">Army office wagon, <b>L.</b>7860.</span>
-<span class="i0">Arrival of a negro family in the lines, <b>S.</b>657.</span>
-<span class="i0">A picnic party at Antietam, <b>S.</b>581.</span>
-<span class="i0">A cavalry orderly, <b>S.</b>619.</span>
-<span class="i0">Camp fun, <b>S.</b>694.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mule team crossing a brook, <b>L.</b>7131.</span>
-<span class="i0">An old Virginia family carriage, <b>S.</b>743.</span>
-<span class="i0">And a large quantity of views not yet identified.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">PORTRAITS OF ARMY OFFICERS.</p>
-
-<blockquote>
-<p class="indent"><span class="smcap">Note.</span>&mdash; <i>Groups of regimental officers are catalogued under title
-&quot;Regiments and Batteries.&quot; Other groups, except generals
-and their staffs, are catalogued under campaigns during which
-taken, or under title &quot;Miscellaneous.&quot;</i></p>
-</blockquote>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Abbott, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. I. C., <b>S.</b>1469.</span>
-<span class="i0">Abercrombie, Brig.-Gen. J. J., <b>S.</b>1526.</span>
-<span class="i0">Abert, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W S., <b>S.</b>3178.</span>
-<span class="i0">Adams, Lieut.-Col. A. D., 27th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1964.</span>
-<span class="i0">Adams, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. P., <b>S.</b>1749.</span>
-<span class="i0">Adams, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. (in group), <b>L.</b>7390, <b>L.</b>7490.</span>
-<span class="i0">Adams, Col. J. W., 67th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2092.</span>
-<span class="i0">Alden, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., Col. 169th, N Y., <b>S.</b>3062.</span>
-<span class="i0">Alexander, Col. C. N., 2d D. C. Infantry S.2155, <b>S.</b>3755.</span>
-<span class="i0">Alexander, Lieut.-Col. T. L., 5th U. S. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1381.</span>
-<span class="i0">Alexander, Capt. T., 80th N. Y. Infantry, <b>L.</b>7605.</span>
-<span class="i0">Allaire, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., <b>S.</b>1917.</span>
-<span class="i0">Allen, Col., <b>S.</b>1676.</span>
-<span class="i0">Allen, Lieut.-Col. D. B., 154th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1444.</span>
-<span class="i0">Allen, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., <b>S.</b>3108.</span>
-<span class="i0">Allen, Major W., paymaster, <b>S.</b>3773.</span>
-<span class="i0">Allen, Col. W. H., 1st N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1735.</span>
-<span class="i0">Alvord, Brig.-Gen. B., <b>C.</b>4506.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ames, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., <b>S.</b>1390, <b>S.</b>1728.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ames, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. and staff, <b>C.</b>4073.</span>
-<span class="i0">Arnes, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., <b>C.</b>4666.</span>
-<span class="i0">Anderson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. N. L., <b>S.</b>3004.</span>
-<span class="i0">Anderson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., <b>S.</b>1376, <b>S.</b>1753, <b>S.</b>3780.</span>
-<span class="i0">Andrews, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. C., <b>S.</b>2076.</span>
-<span class="i0">Andrews, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. L., <b>S.</b>1470, <b>S.</b>3732.</span>
-<span class="i0">Antisel, Surgeon T., <b>S.</b>3789.</span>
-<span class="i0">Armstrong, Bvt. Brig-Gen. S. C., Col. 8th U. S., <b>S.</b>1920.</span>
-<span class="i0">Arnold, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., <b>C.</b>4667.</span>
-<span class="i0">Arrowsmith, Lieut., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>2116.</span>
-<span class="i0">Asboth, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., <b>C.</b>4591.</span>
-<span class="i0">Aspinwall, Lieut.-Col. L., 22d N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>3733.</span>
-<span class="i0">Astor, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. J., <b>S.</b>1807.</span>
-<span class="i0">Audenreid. Bvt. Lieut.-Col. J. C., aide-de-camp, <b>S.</b>3757.</span>
-<span class="i0">Augur, Maj.-Gen. C. C., <b>S.</b>1400.</span>
-<span class="i0">Augur, Maj.-Gen. C. C. and staff, <b>L.</b>7118, <b>L.</b>7869, <b>S.</b>1001.</span>
-<span class="i0">Averell, Brig.-Gen W. W., <b>S.</b>1655.</span>
-<span class="i0">Averell, Brig.-Gen. W. W. and staff, <b>L.</b>7576, <b>S.</b>635.</span>
-<span class="i0">Avery, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., <b>C.</b>4504.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ayres, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. B., <b>S.</b>1682.</span>
-<span class="i0">Babcock, Lieut. C. B., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1586.</span>
-<span class="i0">Babcock, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. E., <b>C.</b>4505.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bache, Capt. F. M., 16th U. S. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2439.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bagley, Lieut.-Col. J., 69th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1856.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bailey, Col. B. P., 86th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1866.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bailey, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>3235.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bailey, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. M., Col. 37th Pa., <b>S.</b>1854.</span>
-<span class="i0">Baird, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., <b>S.</b>2115.</span>
-<span class="i0">Baker, Col. E. D., 71st Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1459.</span>
-<span class="i0">Baker, Lieut. J. A., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1665.</span>
-<span class="i0">Baker, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L. C., <b>C.</b>4965.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ballier, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. F., Col. 98th Pa., <b>S.</b>2027.</span>
-<span class="i0">Banks, Maj.-Gen. N. P., <b>S.</b>1321.</span>
-<span class="i0">Banks, Maj.-Gen. N. P. and staff, <b>C.</b>4527, <b>C.</b>5194.</span>
-<span class="i0">Banta, Lieut.-Col. W. C., 7th Ind. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1794.</span>
-<span class="i0">Barlow, Maj.-Gen. F. C., <b>S.</b>1955.</span>
-<span class="i0">Barnard, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. G., <b>S.</b>1568, <b>S.</b>1641.</span>
-<span class="i0">Barnes, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. K., <b>C.</b>4477.</span>
-<span class="i0">Barnett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., <b>C.</b>5167.</span>
-<span class="i0">Barney, Col. E. L., 6th Vt. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1083.</span>
-<span class="i0">Barnum, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. A., <b>S.</b>2051.</span>
-<span class="i0">Barrett, Maj. O. D., 11th N. Y. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>3832.</span>
-<span class="i0">Barry, Bvt. Maj. R. P., l6th U. S. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3871.</span>
-<span class="i0">Barry, Bvt, Maj.-Gen. W. F., <b>S.</b>1951, <b>S.</b>2018.</span>
-<span class="i0">Barry, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. F. and staff, <b>S.</b>429.</span>
-<span class="i0">Barstow, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. F. (in group), <b>L.</b>7957.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bartholemew, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. A., <b>S.</b>2614.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bartlett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. G., <b>S.</b>3091.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bartlett, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. J., <b>S.</b>1487, <b>S.</b>1769, <b>S.</b>2125, <b>S.</b>3716.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bartlett, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. F., <b>C.</b>4597.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bartlett, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. F. and staff, <b>L.</b>7217, <b>L.</b>7221.</span>
-<span class="i0">Barton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. B., Col. 48th N. Y., <b>S.</b>1604.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bartram, Lieut.-Col. N. B., Ass&#39;t Adjt.-Gen., <b>S.</b>3749.</span>
-<span class="i0">Batchelder, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. N., <b>S.</b>2600.</span>
-<span class="i0">Baxter, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. C., Col. 72d Pa., <b>S.</b>3014.</span>
-<span class="i0">Baxter, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H., <b>S.</b>3041.</span>
-<span class="i0">Baxter, Surgeon J. H., <b>S.</b>3833.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bayard, Brig.-Gen. G. D., <b>C.</b>4668.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bayles, Surgeon G., 4th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, <b>S.</b>1379.</span>
-<span class="i0">Beal, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. L., <b>S.</b>3020.</span>
-<span class="i0">Beatty, Brig.-Gen. J., <b>C.</b>4742.</span>
-<span class="i0">Beaumont, Col. M. H., 1st N. J. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1943.</span>
-<span class="i0">Beaver, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., <b>C.</b>4715.</span>
-<span class="i0">Beazell, Major J. W., paymaster, <b>S.</b>1395, <b>S.</b>1412.</span>
-<span class="i0">Beckwith, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. G. (in group), <b>C.</b>5194.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bedrer, Major R. P., <b>S.</b>1947.</span>
-<span class="i0">Beecher, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. C., <b>S.</b>1466.</span>
-<span class="i0">Belknap, Lieut.-Col. J., <b>S.</b>1841.</span>
-<span class="i0">Belknap, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. W., <b>S.</b>2034.</span>
-<span class="i0">Belknap, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. W. and orderlies, <b>C.</b>4060.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bell, Lieut.-Col. T. S., 51st Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3737.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bendix, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. F., <b>S.</b>3201.</span>
-<span class="i0">Benedict, Ass&#39;t Surg. A. C., 1st N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1458.</span>
-<span class="i0">Benedict, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L., <b>S.</b>1709.</span>
-<span class="i0">Benham, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. W., <b>S.</b>2096.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bennett, Gen. W. T., <b>S.</b>3099.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bensel, Capt. W. P., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1671.</span>
-<span class="i0">Benton, Lieut.-Col. R. C., 1st Vt. Heavy Artillery, <b>S.</b>1355.</span>
-<span class="i0">Benton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. H., <b>C.</b>4544.</span>
-<span class="i0">Benton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. P., <b>S.</b>3775.</span>
-<span class="i0">Berdan, Bvt. Brig-Gen. H., <b>S.</b>3771.</span>
-<span class="i0">Berry, Maj.-Gen. H. G., <b>S.</b>2224.</span>
-<span class="i0">Berthond, Col. A. P., 31st N. J. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3738.</span>
-<span class="i0">Betge, Col. R. J., 68th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2132.</span>
-<span class="i0">Betts, Lieut.-Col. G. F., 9th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1635.</span>
-<span class="i0">Biddle, Brig.-Gen. C. J., <b>S.</b>3221.</span>
-<span class="i0">Biddle, Col. G. H., 95th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1800.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bidwell, Lieut.-Col., <b>S.</b>1960.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bingham, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. H., <b>S.</b>3006.</span>
-<span class="i0">Birdwell, Brig.-Gen. D. D., <b>S.</b>1723.</span>
-<span class="i0">Birge, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. W., <b>C.</b>5178.</span>
-<span class="i0">Birney, Maj.-Gen. D. B., <b>S.</b>2216.</span>
-<span class="i0">Birney, Maj.-Gen. D. B. and staff, <b>L.</b>7153.</span>
-<span class="i0">Blackman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. M., <b>S.</b>2042.</span>
-<span class="i0">Blair, Maj.-Gen. Frank P., <b>S.</b>1704.</span>
-<span class="i0">Blair, Maj.-Gen. Frank P. and staff, <b>L.</b>7054.</span>
-<span class="i0">Blaisdell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., <b>S.</b>3111.</span>
-<span class="i0">Blanchard, Lieut.-Col. C. D., quartermaster, <b>S.</b>1475.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bleuker, Brig.-Gen. L., <b>S.</b>1738.</span>
-<span class="i0">Blunt, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A, P., <b>S.</b>1813.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bogert, Lieut. J. W., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1588.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bohlen, Brig.-Gen. H., <b>S.</b>2091</span>
-<span class="i0">Bonneville, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. L. E., <b>S.</b>1968.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bostwick, Maj., 12th. N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1767.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bostwick, Lieut. C. B., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1662.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bostwick, Col. H., 71st N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1578.</span>
-<span class="i0">Boughton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., <b>S.</b>2035.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bourri, Col. G., 68th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1519.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bowen, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. James, <b>S.</b>1952.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bowerman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. N., <b>S.</b>2652.</span>
-<span class="i0">Boyd, Maj. C., 5th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1450.</span>
-<span class="i0">Boyle, Brig.-Gen. J. T., <b>S.</b>3078.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brackett, Col. A. G., 9th Ill. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1649.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bradley, Capt. J., quartermaster, <b>S.</b>1573.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bragg, Brig.-Gen. E. S., 6th Wisc. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1367, <b>S.</b>2036.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brandenstien, Capt. H., 46th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1824.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brannon, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. M., <b>S.</b>1490.</span>
-<span class="i0">Breck, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., <b>S.</b>2663.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brewster, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. R., <b>L.</b>7579, <b>S.</b>1842.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brewster, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. R. and staff, <b>L.</b>7343, <b>L.</b>7580.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brice, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. B. W., <b>C.</b>4499.</span>
-<span class="i0">Briggs, Brig.-Gen. H. S., <b>S.</b>1707.</span>
-<span class="i0">Britt, Lieut.-Col. J. W., 57th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1548.</span>
-<span class="i0">Broadhead, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. F., Col. 1st Mich. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1958.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brooke, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. R., <b>S.</b>3046.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brooks, Maj.-Gen. W. T. H., <b>S.</b>3054.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brown, Lieut.-Col., <b>S.</b>3772.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brown, Lieut.-Col. A. C., 13th Vt. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1463.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brown, Brig.-Gen. E. B., <b>S.</b>3228.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brown, Maj. F., paymaster, <b>S.</b>2169.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brown, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. L., Col. 145th Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3107.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brown, Col. J. M., 100th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2603.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brown, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. W., <b>C.</b>4669.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brown. Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O., <b>C.</b>4948.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brownlow, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. P., 1st Tenn. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>3077.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brumm, Maj. G. W., 50th Pa. Infantry, <b>L.</b>7271.</span>
-<span class="i0">Brusie, Ass&#39;t Surg. L., 3d Ind. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1889.</span>
-<span class="i0">Buchanan, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. C., <b>C.</b>4793.</span>
-<span class="i0">Buck, Surg. E. J., 18th Wisc. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3798.</span>
-<span class="i0">Buck, Lieut.-Col. S. L., 2d N. J. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1706.</span>
-<span class="i0">Buckingham, Brig.-Gen. C. P., <b>S.</b>2175.</span>
-<span class="i0">Buckland, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. P., <b>C.</b>4741.</span>
-<span class="i0">Buell, Col. C., 169th N. Y Infantry, <b>S.</b>3740.</span>
-<span class="i0">Buell, Maj.-Gen. Don Carlos, <b>S.</b>1551.</span>
-<span class="i0">Buford, Maj.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>2171.</span>
-<span class="i0">Buford, Maj.-Gen. J. and staff, <b>C.</b>4061.</span>
-<span class="i0">Buford, Maj.-Gen. N. B., <b>S.</b>1547.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bunting, Lieut. T. B., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1663.</span>
-<span class="i0">Burbank, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., Col. 2d U. S. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3101.</span>
-<span class="i0">Burger, Capt. A. A., <b>S.</b>2237.</span>
-<span class="i0">Burgess, Col., <b>S.</b>3739.</span>
-<span class="i0">Burke, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W., <b>C.</b>5176.</span>
-<span class="i0">Burling, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. C., Col. 6th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3102.</span>
-<span class="i0">Burnett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. L., Judge Advocate, <b>S.</b>2056.</span>
-<span class="i0">Burnham, Col. G. S., 22d Conn. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1477, <b>S.</b>3736.</span>
-<span class="i0">Burns, Brig.-Gen. W. W., <b>S.</b>3098.</span>
-<span class="i0">Burnside, Maj.-Gen., and Brady, the Photographer, <b>S.</b>2433.</span>
-<span class="i0">Burnside, Maj.-Gen. A. E., <b>S.</b>1625.</span>
-<span class="i0">Burnside, Maj.-Gen. A. E. and staff, <b>L.</b>7186, <b>L.</b>7379, <b>L.</b>7382, <b>S.</b>1049.</span>
-<span class="i0">Burt, Lieut.-Col. E., 3d Me. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3779.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bussey, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C., <b>C.</b>4643.</span>
-<span class="i0">Busteed, Brig.-Gen. Richard, <b>S.</b>2180.</span>
-<span class="i0">Butler, Lieut. E. K., 69th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>2255.</span>
-<span class="i0">Butler, Maj.-Gen. B. F., <b>S.</b>1406, <b>C.</b>4028.</span>
-<span class="i0">Butler, Maj.-Gen. B. F. and staff, <b>C.</b>4208.</span>
-<span class="i0">Butterfield, Maj.-Gen. D., <b>L.</b>7540, <b>S.</b>1651.</span>
-<span class="i0">Buxton, Surg. B. F., 5th Me. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1389.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cadwalader, Maj.-Gen. G., <b>C.</b>4670.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cake, Col. H. L., 96th Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1817.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cadwell, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. C., <b>S.</b>1457.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cadwell, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. C. and staff, <b>S.</b>441, <b>S.</b>580.</span>
-<span class="i0">Callis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. B., <b>C.</b>4740.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cameron, Col. J., 79th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1637.</span>
-<span class="i0">Campbell, Col. D., 4th Pa. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1724.</span>
-<span class="i0">Campbell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. L. (in group), <b>L.</b>7957.</span>
-<span class="i0">Campbell, Surg. J., <b>S.</b>3725.</span>
-<span class="i0">Campbell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., <b>C.</b>4780.</span>
-<span class="i0">Canby, Maj.-Gen. E. R. S., <b>S.</b>3173.</span>
-<span class="i0">Candy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., Col. 66th Ohio Infantry, <b>S.</b>2181.</span>
-<span class="i0">Capehart, Lieut.-Col. C. E., 1st W. Va. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1623.</span>
-<span class="i0">Capron, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., <b>C.</b>4579.</span>
-<span class="i0">Carleton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A., <b>S.</b>3003.</span>
-<span class="i0">Carlin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. P., <b>C.</b>4659.</span>
-<span class="i0">Carmen, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. A., Col. 13th N. J. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1386.</span>
-<span class="i0">Carpenter, Maj. J. W., paymaster, <b>S.</b>1720.</span>
-<span class="i0">Carpenter, quartermaster, <b>S.</b>1687.</span>
-<span class="i0">Carr, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. B., <b>S.</b>2228.</span>
-<span class="i0">Carrington, Brig.-Gen. H. B., <b>S.</b>3060.</span>
-<span class="i0">Carroll, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. S., <b>S.</b>1913, <b>S.</b>3866.</span>
-<span class="i0">Carroll, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. S. and staff, <b>L.</b>7651.</span>
-<span class="i0">Carson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., <b>S.</b>2620.</span>
-<span class="i0">Carter, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. P., <b>S.</b>3056.</span>
-<span class="i0">Carter, Lieut. L., 50th Pa. Infantry, <b>L.</b>7410.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cary, Col. W. H., <b>S.</b>3787.</span>
-<span class="i0">Casey, Maj.-Gen. Silas, <b>S.</b>1710.</span>
-<span class="i0">Casey, Maj.-Gen. Silas and staff, <b>C.</b>4566.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cass, Col. T., 9th Mass. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3774.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cassidy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. L., 93d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2187, <b>S.</b>3068.</span>
-<span class="i0">Catlin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. S., <b>C.</b>4501.</span>
-<span class="i0">Chamberlain, Lieut.-Col. G. E., 1st Vt. Heavy Artillery, <b>S.</b>3735.</span>
-<span class="i0">Chamberlain, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. L., <b>S.</b>1859.</span>
-<span class="i0">Chambers, Brig.-Gen. A., <b>S.</b>3052.</span>
-<span class="i0">Chandler, Surg. C. M., 6th Vt. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2148.</span>
-<span class="i0">Chapman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. H., <b>S.</b>2441.</span>
-<span class="i0">Chapman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. H. and staff, <b>S.</b>2442.</span>
-<span class="i0">Chapman, Lieut.-Col. A. B., 57th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1398.</span>
-<span class="i0">Charles, Col. E. C., 42d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2005.</span>
-<span class="i0">Chase, Adjt. D. L., 78th and 102d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1779.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cheeseman, Surg. T. M., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1491.</span>
-<span class="i0">Chetlaine, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. L., <b>S.</b>2616.</span>
-<span class="i0">Chickering, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. E., <b>S.</b>3092.</span>
-<span class="i0">Childs, Lieut.-Col. J. H., 4th Pa. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1869.</span>
-<span class="i0">Chipman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. P., <b>C.</b>4500.</span>
-<span class="i0">Christensen, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. T., <b>S.</b>3009.</span>
-<span class="i0">Christian, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. H., <b>S.</b>2138.</span>
-<span class="i0">Chrysler. Bvt. Maj.-Gen. M. H., <b>S.</b>3051.</span>
-<span class="i0">Church, Surg. W. H., <b>S.</b>1691.</span>
-<span class="i0">Churchill, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., <b>S.</b>1460.</span>
-<span class="i0">Chustill, Maj. W. B., <b>S.</b>1959.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cilley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. P., <b>C.</b>5160.</span>
-<span class="i0">Clark, Captain E., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1684.</span>
-<span class="i0">Clark, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G., <b>C.</b>4720.</span>
-<span class="i0">Clark, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., <b>C.</b>4645.</span>
-<span class="i0">Clark, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. T., <b>S.</b>1580, <b>S.</b>1880.</span>
-<span class="i0">Clarke, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. F., <b>S.</b>1902, <b>C.</b>5194.</span>
-<span class="i0">Clay, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., <b>S.</b>3000.</span>
-<span class="i0">Clay, Maj.-Gen. C. M., <b>C.</b>4671.</span>
-<span class="i0">Clayton, Brig.-Gen. P., <b>C.</b>4986.</span>
-<span class="i0">Clitz, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. B., Col. 10th U. S. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1521.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cluseret, Brig.-Gen. G. P., <b>S.</b>2219.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cobb, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., <b>C.</b>4739.</span>
-<span class="i0">Coburn, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., <b>C.</b>4738.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cochran, Brig.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>1326.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cogswell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., 2d Mass. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2029.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cogswell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. and staff, <b>C.</b>4068.</span>
-<span class="i0">Colburn, Lieut.-Col. A. V., aide-de-camp, <b>L.</b>7043.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cole, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. W., <b>S.</b>3076.</span>
-<span class="i0">Colgate, Lieut.-Col. C. G., 15th N. Y. Engineers, <b>S.</b>1923.</span>
-<span class="i0">Collet, Col. M. W., 1st N. J. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1353.</span>
-<span class="i0">Connor, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. P. E., <b>S.</b>2124.</span>
-<span class="i0">Connor, Brig.-Gen. Selden, <b>S.</b>1764.</span>
-<span class="i0">Conrad, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>2661.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cook, Maj.-Gen. A. McD., <b>S.</b>1744.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cook, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. P. St. G., <b>C.</b>4599.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cook, Maj. W. W., 5th N. H. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1929.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cooper, Brig.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>2066.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cooper, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., <b>S.</b>3236.</span>
-<span class="i0">Copeland, Lieut.-Col., <b>S.</b>1349.</span>
-<span class="i0">Coppinger, Adjt. J. B., 83d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1514.</span>
-<span class="i0">Corbin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. C., <b>S.</b>2617.</span>
-<span class="i0">Corcoran, Brig.-Gen. M., <b>S.</b>2234.</span>
-<span class="i0">Corley, Lieut. C., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1570.</span>
-<span class="i0">Corse, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. M., (&quot;Hold the Fort,&quot;) <b>C.</b>4497.</span>
-<span class="i0">Coster, Col. C. R., 134th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3193.</span>
-<span class="i0">Couch, Maj.-Gen. D. N., <b>S.</b>3768.</span>
-<span class="i0">Coulter, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., <b>C.</b>4724.</span>
-<span class="i0">Covode, Col. G. H., 4th Pa. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1848.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cowdin, Brig.-Gen. R., <b>S.</b>2217.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cox, Maj.-Gen. J. D., <b>C.</b>4672.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cox, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. C., <b>C.</b>4713.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cozzens, Sergt. F., <b>S.</b>1591.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cradlebough, Col. J., 114th Ohio Infantry, <b>S.</b>1775.</span>
-<span class="i0">Crandall, Surg. W. B., 16th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2156.</span>
-<span class="i0">Crane, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. H., <b>S.</b>1911.</span>
-<span class="i0">Crane, Maj. F. W., paymaster, <b>S.</b>1895.</span>
-<span class="i0">Crawford, Capt. J. S., 114th Pa. Infantry, <b>L.</b>7037.</span>
-<span class="i0">Crawford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. J., <b>C.</b>4784.</span>
-<span class="i0">Crawford, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. W., <b>S.</b>2095, <b>S.</b>3718, <b>S.</b>3807.</span>
-<span class="i0">Creiger, Lieut.-Col. J. A., 11th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1627.</span>
-<span class="i0">Crittenden, Maj.-Gen. T. L., <b>S.</b>1730.</span>
-<span class="i0">Crocker, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., <b>S.</b>630.</span>
-<span class="i0">Crocker, Brig.-Gen. M. M., <b>C.</b>4646.</span>
-<span class="i0">Crook, Maj.-Gen. G., <b>C.</b>4498, <b>C.</b>5121.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cross, Col. E. E., 5th N. H. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1983.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cross, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O., <b>S.</b>1606.</span>
-<span class="i0">Croxton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. T., <b>C.</b>5096.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cullum, Brig.-Gen. G. W., <b>S.</b>1712.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cummings, Lieut.-Col. C., 17th Vt. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1468.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cummins, Lieut.-Col. F. M., 124th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1366, <b>S.</b>1621.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cunningham, Capt., <b>L.</b>7483.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page121" id="page121"></a>[pg&nbsp;121]</span></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Cunningham, Maj., <b>S.</b>1451.</span>
-<span class="i0">Curtin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. J., <b>S.</b>2038.</span>
-<span class="i0">Curtis, Lieut.-Col., <b>S.</b>1881.</span>
-<span class="i0">Curtis, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. N. M., <b>S.</b>2039.</span>
-<span class="i0">Curtis, Maj.-Gen. S. R., <b>S.</b>2075.</span>
-<span class="i0">Curtis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. B., <b>S.</b>3224.</span>
-<span class="i0">Custer, Maj.-Gen. G. A., <b>S.</b>1613.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cutler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L., <b>S.</b>1892.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dahlgren, Col. Ulric, <b>C.</b>4642.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dana, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. L., <b>S.</b>3748.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dana, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. J., <b>C.</b>4469.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dana, Maj.-Gen. N. J. T., <b>S.</b>1809.</span>
-<span class="i0">Daniels, Maj. R. R., <b>S.</b>1523.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dare, Lieut.-Col., 34th Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2159.</span>
-<span class="i0">Davies, Maj.-Gen. H. E., <b>S.</b>1654.</span>
-<span class="i0">Davies, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. A., <b>S.</b>2101.</span>
-<span class="i0">Davis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. P., <b>S.</b>3206.</span>
-<span class="i0">Davis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., <b>S.</b>1425.</span>
-<span class="i0">Davis, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Jeff G., <b>L.</b>7080, <b>L.</b>7691, <b>S.</b>1162, <b>S.</b>2021.</span>
-<span class="i0">Davis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. W. H., <b>C.</b>4723.</span>
-<span class="i0">Day, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., <b>S.</b>3793.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dayton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. V., <b>S.</b>1777, <b>S.</b>2065.</span>
-<span class="i0">Deane, Maj. C. W., <b>S.</b>1791.</span>
-<span class="i0">De Golyer, Maj. S., 4th Mich. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1992.</span>
-<span class="i0">De Hautville, Capt. F. S. G., Ass&#39;t Adjt.-Gen., <b>S.</b>1517.</span>
-<span class="i0">Deitzler, Brig.-Gen. G. W., <b>S.</b>3233.</span>
-<span class="i0">De Joinville, Prince, <b>S.</b>2097.</span>
-<span class="i0">De Lacy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., <b>S.</b>3226.</span>
-<span class="i0">De Lacy, Maj. W., 37th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2253.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dennison, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. W., <b>C.</b>4665.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dent, Brig.-Gen. F. T., <b>C.</b>4493.</span>
-<span class="i0">Denver, Brig.-Gen. J. W., <b>S.</b>1808.</span>
-<span class="i0">Derrom, Col. A., 25th N. J. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3741.</span>
-<span class="i0">De Russy, Capt. Isaac D., 1st U. S. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1698.</span>
-<span class="i0">De Russy, Brig.-Gen. G. A., <b>S.</b>1612.</span>
-<span class="i0">De Russy, Brig.-Gen. G. A. and staff, <b>L.</b>7215.</span>
-<span class="i0">De Trobriand, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. P. R., <b>S.</b>2117.</span>
-<span class="i0">Devens, Maj.-Gen. C. and staff, <b>C.</b>4178.</span>
-<span class="i0">Devereaux, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. F., <b>S.</b>3066.</span>
-<span class="i0">Devin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. C., <b>S.</b>1872, <b>S.</b>2048.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dewey, Brig.-Gen. J. A., <b>S.</b>3053.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dexter, Surg. J. E., 40th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1888.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dick, Maj. M. M., 105th Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1725.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dickinson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>1446.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dilger, Capt. H., Ohio Artillery, <b>S.</b>3177.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dimock, Maj. J. J., 82d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1393.</span>
-<span class="i0">Diven, Surg., <b>S.</b>2203.</span>
-<span class="i0">Diven, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. S., <b>S.</b>1852.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dix, Maj.-Gen. J. A., <b>S.</b>1546.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dodd, Adjt. C. O., 5th N. H. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1838.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dodd, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L. A. (in group), <b>L.</b>7758.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dodge, Brig.-Gen. C. C., <b>S.</b>1555, <b>S.</b>1566.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dodge, Maj.-Gen. G. M., <b>S.</b>1672.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dodge, Col. J. A., 75th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3869.</span>
-<span class="i0">Donaldson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. L., <b>S.</b>2613.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dore, Sergt., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1619.</span>
-<span class="i0">D&#39;Orleans, Louis Phillipe (Comte de Paris), aide-de-camp, <b>S.</b>3818, <b>S.</b>3820.</span>
-<span class="i0">D&#39;Orleans, R. (Duc de Chartres), aide-de-camp, <b>S.</b>3818, <b>S.</b>3819.</span>
-<span class="i0">D&#39;Orville, Lieut, A., 6th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2112.</span>
-<span class="i0">Doubleday, Maj.-Gen. Abner, <b>S.</b>1497.</span>
-<span class="i0">Doubleday, Col. T. D., 4th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, <b>S.</b>1874.</span>
-<span class="i0">Doubleday, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., <b>S.</b>3312.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dougherty, Surg. A. N., <b>S.</b>1891.</span>
-<span class="i0">Downing, Maj. P. J., 42d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2106.</span>
-<span class="i0">Drew, Lieut.-Col. W. O., 2d D. C. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1362.</span>
-<span class="i0">Drinning, Maj., <b>S.</b>1432.</span>
-<span class="i0">Drum, Brig.-Gen. R. C., <b>C.</b>4492.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ducat, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. C., <b>C.</b>5166.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dudley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. W., <b>S.</b>2625.</span>
-<span class="i0">Duffie, Brig.-Gen. A. N., <b>S.</b>1565, <b>S.</b>2154.</span>
-<span class="i0">Duryee, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Abram, <b>S.</b>1374.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dustin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D., <b>S.</b>3847.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dustin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. and staff, <b>L.</b>7572.</span>
-<span class="i0">D&#39;Utassy, Col. F. G., 39th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1496, <b>S.</b>2184.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dwight, Maj. W., 2d Mass. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1811, <b>S.</b>1814.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dwight, Brig.-Gen. W., <b>S.</b>1694.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dyer, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. B., <b>C.</b>5161.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dyer, Capt. C. G., 2d R. I. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1686.</span>
-<span class="i0">Easton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L. C. (in group), <b>L.</b>7963.</span>
-<span class="i0">Eaton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Amos B., <b>S.</b>1915.</span>
-<span class="i0">Eckel, Lieut. J. S., 50th Pa. Infantry, <b>L.</b>7359.</span>
-<span class="i0">Eckert, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. T., <b>S.</b>2057.</span>
-<span class="i0">Edwards, Col. C. S., 5th Me. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1509.</span>
-<span class="i0">Edwards, Brig.-Gen. J., <b>C.</b>4646.</span>
-<span class="i0">Edwards, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. O., <b>S.</b>2028.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ekin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., <b>S.</b>1834.</span>
-<span class="i0">Elder, Lieut.-Col. A. B., 10th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3868.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ellett, Brig.-Gen. A. W., <b>S.</b>1745.</span>
-<span class="i0">Elliott, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. L., <b>S.</b>3216.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ellis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. V. H., 124th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2093.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ellsworth, Col. E. E., 11th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3175.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ely, Maj. G. B., paymaster, <b>S.</b>1792.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ely, Maj. John, <b>S.</b>1714.</span>
-<span class="i0">Emory, Maj.-Gen. W. H., <b>C.</b>4507.</span>
-<span class="i0">English, Lieut.-Col. James, <b>S.</b>1350.</span>
-<span class="i0">Enos, Maj. A. G. 8th Pa. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>2158.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ent, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. H., <b>S.</b>3266.</span>
-<span class="i0">Eustis, Brig.-Gen. H. L., <b>S.</b>3172.</span>
-<span class="i0">Everett, Surg. F., <b>S.</b>3809.</span>
-<span class="i0">Everdell, Col. W., 23d N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1404.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ewing, Lieut.-Col. C., 4th N. J. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1648.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ewing, Brig.-Gen. Thomas, <b>S.</b>2054.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ewing, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H., <b>C.</b>4495.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ewing, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T., <b>C.</b>4484.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fairchild, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., <b>S.</b>3202.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fairchild, Brig.-Gen. L., <b>S.</b>1611.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fairman, Col. J., 96th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2232.</span>
-<span class="i0">Farnham, Lieut.-Col. N. L., 11th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1628.</span>
-<span class="i0">Farnham, Lieut.-Col. R., 15th Vt. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1479.</span>
-<span class="i0">Farnsworth, Brig.-Gen. E. J., <b>S.</b>2638, <b>S.</b>3106.</span>
-<span class="i0">Farnsworth, Brig.-Gen. J. F., <b>S.</b>1894.</span>
-<span class="i0">Farnum, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. E., <b>S.</b>1385.</span>
-<span class="i0">Farquhar, Lieut. F. U., Engineer Corps, <b>S.</b>2114.</span>
-<span class="i0">Farrell, Lieut., <b>S.</b>1484.</span>
-<span class="i0">Faulke, Col. A. G., <b>S.</b>3867.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ferrell, Capt. W. G., <b>S.</b>2130.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ferrero, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., <b>S.</b>807, <b>S.</b>1652.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ferrero, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. and staff, <b>L.</b>7053, <b>C.</b>5333.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ferry, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. O. S., <b>C.</b>5177.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fessenden, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. F., <b>S.</b>3745.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fessenden, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. D., <b>S.</b>1914.</span>
-<span class="i0">Finklemeier, Maj. J. P., Ass&#39;t Adjt.-Gen., <b>S.</b>3804.</span>
-<span class="i0">Finley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A., <b>C.</b>4788.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fisher, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. F. (in group), <b>L.</b>7848.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fisher, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W. and staff, <b>L.</b>7058.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fisk, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. B., <b>C.</b>4664.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fisk, Lieut.-Col. F. S., 2d N. H. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3849.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fletcher, Maj. A. W., paymaster, <b>S.</b>1732.</span>
-<span class="i0">Flint, Capt. E. A., 1st Mass. Cavalry, <b>L.</b>7403.</span>
-<span class="i0">Floyd, Lieut.-Col. H. C., <b>S.</b>1748.</span>
-<span class="i0">Foote, Maj. F., <b>S.</b>1418.</span>
-<span class="i0">Force, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. M. F., <b>C.</b>5099.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ford, Maj. G. W., 50th N. Y. Engineers, <b>L.</b>7166.</span>
-<span class="i0">Forsyth, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. A., <b>C.</b>4508.</span>
-<span class="i0">Forsyth, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W., February, 1863, <b>S.</b>214.</span>
-<span class="i0">Foster, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., <b>S.</b>1538, <b>S.</b>1605, <b>S.</b>1796.</span>
-<span class="i0">Foster, Maj.-Gen. J. G., <b>S.</b>3828.</span>
-<span class="i0">Foster, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. S., <b>S.</b>2026, <b>S.</b>2053.</span>
-<span class="i0">Foster, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. S. and staff, <b>C.</b>4043, <b>C.</b>4201.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fowler, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. B., <b>S.</b>3801.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fowler, Col. Henry, <b>S.</b>1906.</span>
-<span class="i0">Frank, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. P., <b>S.</b>3001.</span>
-<span class="i0">Franklin, Maj.-Gen. W. B., <b>S.</b>3795.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fremont, Maj.-Gen. John C., <b>S.</b>1315.</span>
-<span class="i0">French, Maj.-Gen. W. H., <b>L.</b>7345, <b>L.</b>7578, <b>S.</b>1884.</span>
-<span class="i0">French, Maj-Gen. W. H. and staff, <b>L.</b>7501, <b>L.</b>7502.</span>
-<span class="i0">Frost, Surg. C. P., 15th Vt. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1447.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fry, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. B., <b>S.</b>1377, <b>S.</b>1508.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fuller, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., <b>S.</b>2031.</span>
-<span class="i0">Fullerton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., <b>C.</b>4782.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gaines, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. P., <b>S.</b>1327.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gansevoort, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. S. and staff, <b>L.</b>7723, <b>L.</b>7726, <b>L.</b>7738.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gardiner, Maj. C. C., 27th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1703.</span>
-<span class="i0">Garfield, Maj.-Gen. James A., <b>S.</b>2218.</span>
-<span class="i0">Garland, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. John, <b>S.</b>1329.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gates, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. B., <b>S.</b>1827.</span>
-<span class="i0">Geary, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., <b>S.</b>2033.</span>
-<span class="i0">Geddes, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. L., <b>S.</b>3064.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gerhardt, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>3097.</span>
-<span class="i0">Getty, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. W., <b>S.</b>3783.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gibbon, Maj.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>1464.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gibbs, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., <b>S.</b>1901.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gibson, Maj. Thomas, 14th Pa. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1543.</span>
-<span class="i0">Giesy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. H., <b>S.</b>3190.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gilbert, Surg. R. H., <b>S.</b>1552, <b>S.</b>3720.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gilbert, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. S. A., <b>C.</b>5048.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gillmore, Maj.-Gen. Q. A., <b>S.</b>2239.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gilman, Lieut. J. H., 1st U. S. Artillery, <b>S.</b>1372.</span>
-<span class="i0">Glasgow, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. L., <b>C.</b>4648.</span>
-<span class="i0">Goddard, Capt. R. H. I., aide-de-camp, <b>S.</b>1498.</span>
-<span class="i0">Goff, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N., <b>S.</b>3035.</span>
-<span class="i0">Goodell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. A., <b>C.</b>5182.</span>
-<span class="i0">Goodrich, Maj. Edwin R., <b>S.</b>1773.</span>
-<span class="i0">Goodrich, Maj. C. S. (Surgeon), <b>S.</b>2229.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gordon, Capt. G. A., 2d U. S. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1482.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gordon, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. H., <b>S.</b>1855.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gorman, Brig.-Gen. W. A., <b>S.</b>1713.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gould, Lieut.-Col. E., 5th Mich. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1439.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gould, Maj. W. P., paymaster, <b>S.</b>3794.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gouley, Ass&#39;t Surg. J. W. S., <b>S.</b>1909.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gowan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., <b>S.</b>2624.</span>
-<span class="i0">Graham, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Charles K., <b>S.</b>1963.</span>
-<span class="i0">Graham, Brig.-Gen. L. P., <b>S.</b>2631, <b>S.</b>3049.</span>
-<span class="i0">Granger, Maj.-Gen. Gordon, <b>S.</b>1787.</span>
-<span class="i0">Grant, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L. A., <b>S.</b>3095, <b>S.</b>3174.</span>
-<span class="i0">Grant, Gen. U. S., <b>L.</b>7947, <b>S.</b>1559.</span>
-<span class="i0">Greble, Lieut, J. T., 2d U. S. Artillery, <b>C.</b>4655.</span>
-<span class="i0">Greene, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. S., <b>S.</b>1867.</span>
-<span class="i0">Greene, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. D., <b>S.</b>3019.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gregg, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. McM., <b>S.</b>1756.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gregg, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. McM. and staff, <b>C.</b>4067, <b>C.</b>4075.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gregg, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. I., <b>S.</b>3090.</span>
-<span class="i0">Grierson, Maj.-Gen. B. H., <b>S.</b>3073.</span>
-<span class="i0">Griffin, Maj.-Gen. Charles (as Captain), <b>S.</b>1373.</span>
-<span class="i0">Griffin, Maj.-Gen. C. and staff, <b>L.</b>7064.</span>
-<span class="i0">Griffin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. G., <b>C.</b>5095.</span>
-<span class="i0">Grover, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C., <b>S.</b>3717.</span>
-<span class="i0">Grover, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. I. G., <b>S.</b>1677.</span>
-<span class="i0">Guiney, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Patrick R., <b>S.</b>3096.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gurney, Lieut. W., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1585.</span>
-<span class="i0">Guss, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H., <b>C.</b>4703.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hackleman, Brig.-Gen. P. A., <b>C.</b>4674.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hagadorn, Maj. F. A., 79th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1700.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hall, Col. H. B., <b>S.</b>3760.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hall, Lieut.-Col. H. H., 4th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, <b>S.</b>1921.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., <b>S.</b>2637.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A. and staff, <b>L.</b>7229, <b>L.</b>7915.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hall, Capt. T. E., quartermaster, <b>L.</b>7039.</span>
-<span class="i0">Halleck, Maj.-Gen. H. W., <b>S.</b>3845.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hallowell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. N., <b>S.</b>2665.</span>
-<span class="i0">Halpine, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. G., <b>C.</b>4962.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hamblin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen J. E., <b>S.</b>1476, <b>S.</b>2150.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hambright, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. A., <b>S.</b>3204.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hamilton, Maj. A., aide-de-camp, <b>S.</b>1501.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hamilton, Brig.-Gen. A. J., <b>S.</b>3875.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hamilton, Maj.-Gen. C. S., <b>S.</b>1982.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hamilton, Maj.-Gen. S., <b>S.</b>2230.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hamlin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C., <b>S.</b>3200.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hammell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., <b>S.</b>2671.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hammond, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., <b>C.</b>4980.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hammond, Brig.-Gen. W. A., Surgeon General, <b>S.</b>1558.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hancock, Maj.-Gen. W. S., <b>S.</b>1877.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hardenburgh, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. B., <b>S.</b>1715.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hardie, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., <b>S.</b>1761.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hardin, Brig.-Gen. M. D., <b>S.</b>1831.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hardin, Brig.-Gen. M. D. and staff, <b>L.</b>7338, <b>L.</b>7429, <b>L.</b>7430.</span>
-<span class="i0">Harker, Brig.-Gen. C. G., <b>S.</b>3079.</span>
-<span class="i0">Harkins, Maj. D. H., 1st N. Y. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>3870.</span>
-<span class="i0">Harney, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. S., <b>L.</b>7928, <b>S.</b>1323.</span>
-<span class="i0">Harris, Col., <b>S.</b>1688. <b>C.</b></span>
-<span class="i0">Harris, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. M., <b>S.</b>2023.</span>
-<span class="i0">Harrison, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Benjamin, <b>S.</b>3039.</span>
-<span class="i0">Harrison, Lieut.-Col. A. I., 22d Ind. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3776.</span>
-<span class="i0">Harrow, Brig.-Gen. W., <b>S.</b>3043.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hart, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. H., <b>L.</b>7139.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hartsuff, Maj.-Gen. G. L., <b>S.</b>1534.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hartsuff, Maj.-Gen. G. L. and staff, <b>L.</b>7571.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hartwell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A. (group), <b>L.</b>7194.</span>
-<span class="i0">Haskin, Brig.-Gen. J. A., <b>S.</b>3217.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hatch, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., <b>C.</b>4982.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hatch, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. P. and staff, <b>S.</b>3430.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hatch, Col. W. B., 4th N. J. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3746.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hathaway, Col. S. G., 141st N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1448.</span>
-<span class="i0">Haupt, Brig.-Gen. H., <b>S.</b>1567.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hawes, Capt. Jas. D., 133d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1597.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hawkins, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. P., <b>S.</b>3074.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hawkins, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. C., <b>S.</b>1511.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hawley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. and staff, <b>L.</b>7843, <b>L.</b>7844.</span>
-<span class="i0">Haws, Lieut. G. T., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1493.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hayes, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>3271.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hayes, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. B., <b>S.</b>3002.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hayman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. B., <b>S.</b>3058.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hays, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Alex., <b>S.</b>1645, <b>S.</b>1961.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hays, Capt. H. B., 6th U. S. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>2067.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hays, Brig.-Gen. W., <b>S.</b>1727.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hays, Brig.-Gen. W. and staff, <b>L.</b>7833, <b>L.</b>7877.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hazard, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., <b>C.</b>4675.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hazen, Maj.-Gen. W. B., <b>S.</b>2126.</span>
-<span class="i0">Healey, Maj. H. G., 65th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1421.</span>
-<span class="i0">Heath, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. E., <b>S.</b>1361.</span>
-<span class="i0">Heath, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. H., <b>C.</b>4488.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hedrick, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., <b>S.</b>2049.</span>
-<span class="i0">Heintzelman, Maj.-Gen. S. P., <b>S.</b>1384.</span>
-<span class="i0">Heintzelman, Maj.-Gen. S. P. and staff, <b>L.</b>7839, <b>S.</b>628, <b>S.</b>2304.</span>
-<span class="i0">Heniner, Maj. R. H., <b>S.</b>3851.</span>
-<span class="i0">Henry, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. V., <b>S.</b>3220.</span>
-<span class="i0">Herron, Maj.-Gen. F. J., <b>S.</b>1602.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hewitt (or Hawks), Surg. C. N., 50th N. Y. Engineers, <b>L.</b>7101.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hidden, Lieut. H. B., 1st N. Y. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>2135.</span>
-<span class="i0">Higgins, Lieut.-Col. J., 1st Pa. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1368.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hill, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. H., <b>S.</b>2046.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hillyer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. S., <b>S.</b>1886.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hinks, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. W., <b>S.</b>1542.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hitchcock, Maj.-Gen. E. A., <b>S.</b>2020.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hobart, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. C., <b>S.</b>3205.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hoffman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. C., <b>C.</b>5163.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hoffman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W., <b>C.</b>5154.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hoffman, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W., <b>L.</b>7288, <b>L.</b>7679.</span>
-<span class="i0">Holabird, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. B., <b>C.</b>4658.</span>
-<span class="i0">Holliday, Maj. S. V., paymaster, <b>S.</b>1793.</span>
-<span class="i0">Holman, Maj. O., paymaster, <b>S.</b>1948.</span>
-<span class="i0">Holston, Surg. J. G. F., <b>S.</b>1908.</span>
-<span class="i0">Holt, Lieut.-Col. W., 31st N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>138.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hooker, Maj.-Gen. Joe, <b>S.</b>1922.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hooker, Maj.-Gen. Joe (on horseback), <b>C.</b>4490.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hooker, Maj.-Gen. Joe and staff, June, 1863, <b>L.</b>7950.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hopkins, Lieut.-Col. R. H., <b>S.</b>1520.</span>
-<span class="i0">Horn, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W., <b>C.</b>4663.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hough, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., <b>C.</b>4590.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hovey, Brig.-Gen. A. P., <b>S.</b>3084.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hovey, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. E., <b>S.</b>3219.</span>
-<span class="i0">Howard, Maj. J., paymaster, <b>S.</b>1873, <b>S.</b>3816.</span>
-<span class="i0">Howard, Maj.-Gen. O. O., <b>S.</b>3719, <b>S.</b>3788.</span>
-<span class="i0">Howe, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. P., <b>S.</b>1646.</span>
-<span class="i0">Howell, Brig.-Gen. J. B., <b>S.</b>2662.</span>
-<span class="i0">Howland, Paymaster M., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1589.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hoyt, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. H., <b>C.</b>5162.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hoyt, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. M., <b>C.</b>4722.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hubbard, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L. F., <b>S.</b>3110.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hubbard, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. H., <b>C.</b>5136.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hudson, Lieut.-Col. E. McK., aide-de-camp, <b>S.</b>1776.</span>
-<span class="i0">Huff, Capt., <b>L.</b>7361.</span>
-<span class="i0">Huger, Capt. J. B., <b>S.</b>1692.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hughston, Col. R. S., 144th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3759.</span>
-<span class="i0">Humphreys, Maj.-Gen. A. A., <b>S.</b>2346.</span>
-<span class="i0">Humphreys, Maj.-Gen. A. A. and staff, <b>L.</b>7397, <b>L.</b>7581.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hunt, Col., <b>S.</b>1797.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hunt, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. J., Chief of Artillery, <b>S.</b>1912.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hunt, Brig.-Gen. L. C., <b>S.</b>1541.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hunter, Maj.-Gen. D., <b>S.</b>1820.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hunter, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. M. C., <b>C.</b>4601.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hurlburt, Maj.-Gen. S. A., <b>S.</b>1782.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hurst, Maj. S. H., <b>S.</b>1438.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hutchinson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. S., <b>S.</b>3225.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hyde, Col. B. N., 3d Vt. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3770.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hyde, Lieut.-Col. W. B., 9th N. Y. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1471.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ingalls, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Rufus, <b>S.</b>1569.</span>
-<span class="i0">Innes, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. P., <b>C.</b>5172.</span>
-<span class="i0">Irwine, Surg. C. K., 72d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>279, <b>S.</b>3821.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jackson, Brig.-Gen. J. S., <b>S.</b>2023.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jackson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. N. J., <b>S.</b>1413, <b>S.</b>3797, <b>S.</b>3812.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jackson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. M., <b>S.</b>3728.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jacobs, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F., <b>S.</b>3015.</span>
-<span class="i0">James, Surg., <b>S.</b>3811.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jameson, Adjt. A. H., 32d Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1837.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jameson, Brig.-Gen. C. D., <b>S.</b>3817.</span>
-<span class="i0">Janeway, Col. H., 1st N. J. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1658.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jay, Capt. W., aide-de-camp, <b>S.</b>2246.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jehl, Maj. F., 55th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1949.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jenkins, Col. D. T., 146th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1763.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jewett, Col. A. B., 10th Vt. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2165.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jewett, Col. W. N. J., <b>S.</b>2164.</span>
-<span class="i0">Johnson, Brig.-Gen. A., <b>C.</b>4592.</span>
-<span class="i0">Johnson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A., <b>S.</b>1857, <b>S.</b>2254.</span>
-<span class="i0">Johnson, Maj. L. E., paymaster, <b>S.</b>2194.</span>
-<span class="i0">Johnson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen R. W., <b>C.</b>4698.</span>
-<span class="i0">Johnston, Lieut.-Col. J. W., 93d Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2183.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jones, Col. C., <b>S.</b>1937.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jones, Surg. Henry, <b>S.</b>1910.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jones, Col. Owen, 1st Pa. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1938.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jones, Brig.-Gen. P. H., <b>S.</b>3268.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jones, Maj. R., Ass&#39;t. Insp.-Gen., <b>S.</b>1730, <b>S.</b>2195.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jones, Maj. W. T., <b>S.</b>3850.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jordan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. J., <b>C.</b>4712.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jourdan, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>1962.</span>
-<span class="i0">Judah, Brig.-Gen. H. M., <b>S.</b>1601.</span>
-<span class="i0">Judson, Col. R. W., 142d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b> 1414.</span>
-<span class="i0">Judson, Col. E. Z. C., <b>S.</b>1883.</span>
-<span class="i0">Judson, Surg. O. A., <b>S.</b>3813.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kane, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. L., <b>S.</b>1847.</span>
-<span class="i0">Karge, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>1616.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kautz, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. V., <b>C.</b>4575.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kearney, Maj.-Gen. P., <b>S.</b>2209.</span>
-<span class="i0">Keifer, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., <b>C.</b>4487.</span>
-<span class="i0">Keim, Brig.-Gen. W. H., <b>S.</b>1885.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kelly, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. B. F., <b>S.</b>1681.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kelton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. C., <b>S.</b>1427.</span>
-<span class="i0">Keyes, Maj.-Gen. E. D., <b>S.</b>1634.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kiernan, Brig.-Gen. J. L., S.1553, <b>S.</b>1759.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kilpatrick, Col., <b>S.</b>1918.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kilpatrick, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>340, <b>S.</b>341, <b>S.</b>1391.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kilpatrick, Bvt, Maj.-Gen. J. and staff, <b>L.</b>7224, <b>S.</b>7516.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kimball, Lieut.-Col. E. A., 9th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3862.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kimball, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. N., <b>S.</b>1647.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kimball, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. K., <b>S.</b>2658.</span>
-<span class="i0">King, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. H., <b>S.</b>2609.</span>
-<span class="i0">King, Brig.-Gen. R., <b>S.</b>3823.</span>
-<span class="i0">King, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. W. S., <b>S.</b>3273.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kip, Maj. L., aide-de-camp, <b>S.</b>1483.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kirby, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. T., <b>C.</b>4472.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kirk, Brig.-Gen. E. N., <b>S.</b>3237.</span>
-<span class="i0">Knap, Bvt. Maj. J. M., Ind. Battery E, Pa. Artillery, <b>S.</b>1790.</span>
-<span class="i0">Knight, Lieut.-Col. F. L., 24th N. J. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1456.</span>
-<span class="i0">Knight, Capt. S. F., 87th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1696.</span>
-<span class="i0">Knipe, Brig.-Gen. J. F., <b>S.</b>1592.</span>
-<span class="i0">Knowles, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. B., <b>C.</b>4707.</span>
-<span class="i0">Koltes, Col. J. A., 73d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1734.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kopp, Capt. William, <b>S</b>.1839.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kron, Capt. M., 8th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3861.</span>
-<span class="i0">Krzyzanowski, Brig.-Gen. W., <b>S.</b>1897.</span>
-<span class="i0">Laflin, Maj., <b>S.</b>1932.</span>
-<span class="i0">Laidley, Surg. J. B., 85th Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3844.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lambert, Capt. L. J., Ass&#39;t Adjt.-Gen., <b>S.</b>1518.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lander, Brig.-Gen. F. W., <b>S.</b>1314.</span>
-<span class="i0">Landram, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. J., <b>S.</b>3081.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lansing, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. S., <b>S.</b>1595.</span>
-<span class="i0">Larned, Capt. D. R., Ass&#39;t Adjt.-Gen., <b>S.</b>1481.</span>
-<span class="i0">Larrabee, Col. C. H., 5th Wisc. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2186.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lawton, Col. R. B., 1st R. I. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>3727.</span>
-<span class="i0">Leasure, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D., <b>C.</b>4714.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ledlie, Brig.-Gen. J. H., <b>S.</b>1770.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lee, Brig.-Gen. A. L., <b>S.</b>1863.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lefferts, Col. M., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1669.</span>
-<span class="i0">Le Gendre, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. W., <b>S.</b>1527.</span>
-<span class="i0">Leggett, Maj.-Gen. M. D., <b>S.</b>2047.</span>
-<span class="i0">Leggett, Maj.-Gen. M. D. and staff, <b>L.</b>7052.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lehmann, Col. T. F., 103d Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3814.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lemon, Maj. Frank, <b>S.</b>2149.</span>
-<span class="i0">Liebenan, Adjt. J. H., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1664.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lincoln, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. S., <b>C.</b>5180.</span>
-<span class="i0">Littell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., <b>C.</b>4718.</span>
-<span class="i0">Littlejohn, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. C., <b>C.</b>4662.</span>
-<span class="i0">Locke, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. T., <b>S.</b>2601.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lockwood, Brig.-Gen. H. H., <b>S.</b>3104.</span>
-<span class="i0">Logan, Maj.-Gen. John A., <b>S.</b>1900.</span>
-<span class="i0">Long, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., <b>C.</b>5174.</span>
-<span class="i0">Loomis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. O., <b>C.</b>5169.</span>
-<span class="i0">Loomis, Lieut.-Col. H. C., 154th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3734.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lord, Col. N., 6th Vt. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1731.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lord, Col. W. B., 35th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3782.</span>
-<span class="i0">Love, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. M., <b>S.</b>2043.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page122" id="page122"></a>[pg&nbsp;122]</span></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Lovell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. S., <b>S.</b>3234.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ludlow, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. C. (in group), <b>L.</b>7098, <b>L.</b>7380.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lyle, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. P., <b>S.</b>2018.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lyman, Lieut.-Col. G. H., Medical Inspector, <b>S.</b>1344.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lynch, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. P., <b>C.</b>4676.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lyon, Col. G., 8th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>2107, <b>S.</b>2111.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lyon, Brig.-Gen. N., <b>C.</b>4677.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lytle, Brig.-Gen. W. H., <b>C.</b>4737.</span>
-<span class="i0">McAllister, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., <b>S.</b>3057.</span>
-<span class="i0">McArthur, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>3071, <b>S.</b>3223.</span>
-<span class="i0">McArthur, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. W. M., <b>S.</b>2627.</span>
-<span class="i0">McCabe, Maj. G. F., 13th Pa. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1617.</span>
-<span class="i0">McCall, Brig.-Gen. G. A., <b>S.</b>1643.</span>
-<span class="i0">McCallum, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. C., <b>S.</b>1489, <b>S.</b>1926, <b>S.</b>3751.</span>
-<span class="i0">McCalmont, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. B., <b>S.</b>1356.</span>
-<span class="i0">McCalmont, Col. J. S., 39th Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1899.</span>
-<span class="i0">McCandless, Brig.-Gen. W., <b>S.</b>2648.</span>
-<span class="i0">McCarter, Col. J. M., 93d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2137.</span>
-<span class="i0">McCarty, Col., <b>S.</b>1916.</span>
-<span class="i0">McChesney, Col. W. W., 10th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1737.</span>
-<span class="i0">McClellan, Maj.-Gen. G. B., <b>S.</b>1642.</span>
-<span class="i0">McClellan, Maj.-Gen. G. B. and staff, <b>S.</b>1640, <b>C.</b>4530, <b>C.</b>5051, <b>C.</b>4400.</span>
-<span class="i0">McClellan, Maj.-Gen. G. B. and wife, <b>S.</b>1765.</span>
-<span class="i0">McClernand, Maj.-Gen. J. A., <b>S.</b>2220.</span>
-<span class="i0">McClure, Maj. D., paymaster, <b>S.</b>1956.</span>
-<span class="i0">McClure, Capt. J. W., quartermaster, <b>S.</b>1903.</span>
-<span class="i0">McConthe, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>1359.</span>
-<span class="i0">McCook, Maj.-Gen. A. McD., <b>L.</b>7204, <b>S.</b>1744.</span>
-<span class="i0">McCook, Maj.-Gen. A. McD. and staff, <b>L.</b>7206, <b>L.</b>7660, <b>S.</b>1022.</span>
-<span class="i0">McCook, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. M., <b>S.</b>2006, <b>S.</b>2086.</span>
-<span class="i0">McDougall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., <b>S.</b>1709.</span>
-<span class="i0">McDougall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. D., <b>S.</b>1340, <b>S.</b>1449, <b>S.</b>2060.</span>
-<span class="i0">McDougall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. D. and staff, <b>C.</b>4077.</span>
-<span class="i0">McDowell, Maj.-Gen. I., <b>S.</b>1030.</span>
-<span class="i0">McGilvery, Lieut.-Col. F., 1st Me. Light Artillery, <b>S.</b>3021.</span>
-<span class="i0">McGroarty, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. J., <b>S.</b>2079.</span>
-<span class="i0">McIntosh, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. B., <b>S.</b>2055.</span>
-<span class="i0">McIntosh, Maj. J. D., 7th N. J. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1950, <b>S.</b>3777.</span>
-<span class="i0">McIvor, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. P., <b>C.</b>5134.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mackay, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., <b>S.</b>2061.</span>
-<span class="i0">McKean, Col. J. B., 77th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2178.</span>
-<span class="i0">McKechnie, Lieut. R., 9th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1495.</span>
-<span class="i0">McKeever, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., <b>S.</b>2660.</span>
-<span class="i0">McKibbin, Maj. T., <b>S.</b>3835.</span>
-<span class="i0">McKinstry, Brig.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>3075.</span>
-<span class="i0">McLaren, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. N., <b>S.</b>3070.</span>
-<span class="i0">McLaughlin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. B., <b>S.</b>2052.</span>
-<span class="i0">McLaughlin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. B. and staff, <b>L.</b>7180, <b>L.</b>7201.</span>
-<span class="i0">McLean, Brig.-Gen. N. C., <b>S.</b>2170.</span>
-<span class="i0">McMahon, Col. J. P., 164th N. Y. Infantry, <b>C.</b>4319.</span>
-<span class="i0">McMahon, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. M. T., <b>S.</b>2008.</span>
-<span class="i0">McMillan, Surg. T., <b>S.</b>1583.</span>
-<span class="i0">McMillen, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., <b>S.</b>2041.</span>
-<span class="i0">McNeil, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>1653.</span>
-<span class="i0">McPherson, Maj.-Gen. J. B., <b>S.</b>2612.</span>
-<span class="i0">McQuade, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>3824.</span>
-<span class="i0">McReynolds, Col. A. T., 1st. N. Y. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1678, <b>S.</b>3806.</span>
-<span class="i0">Madill, Surg. W. A., 23d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1419.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mahler, Col. F., 75th Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1789, <b>S.</b>3743.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mallon, Col. J. E., 42d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1622.</span>
-<span class="i0">Maluski, Capt. A., 58th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3778.</span>
-<span class="i0">Manderson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. F., <b>S.</b>3112.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mank, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. G., <b>S.</b>3182.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mann, Col. W. D., 7th Mich. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1644.</span>
-<span class="i0">Manning, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. H., <b>S.</b>3008.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mansfield, Maj.-Gen. J. K. F., <b>S.</b>3038.</span>
-<span class="i0">Marcy, Brig.-Gen. R. B., <b>S.</b>3790.</span>
-<span class="i0">Marriner, Maj. Edward, <b>S.</b>1919.</span>
-<span class="i0">Marshall, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. G., <b>S.</b>2174.</span>
-<span class="i0">Marshall, Col. L. M., <b>S.</b>2167.</span>
-<span class="i0">Marshall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. R., <b>S.</b>3069.</span>
-<span class="i0">Marston, Brig.-Gen. G., <b>C.</b>4577.</span>
-<span class="i0">Martin, Surg. H. F., 123d Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1392.</span>
-<span class="i0">Martin, Maj. W. J., paymaster, <b>S.</b>1970.</span>
-<span class="i0">Martindale, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. H., <b>S.</b>3767.</span>
-<span class="i0">Martindale, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. H. and staff, <b>S.</b>2435.</span>
-<span class="i0">Marvin, Capt., <b>S.</b>1575.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mason, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. C., <b>S.</b>1861.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mather, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. S., <b>S.</b>3742.</span>
-<span class="i0">Matheson, Col. R., 32d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3022.</span>
-<span class="i0">Maxwell, Lieut.-Col. W. C., 103d Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1365.</span>
-<span class="i0">May, Maj. Isaac M., 19th Ind. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1819.</span>
-<span class="i0">Meade, Maj.-Gen. G. G., <b>S.</b>1467.</span>
-<span class="i0">Meade, Maj.-Gen. G. G. and staff, <b>L.</b>7098, <b>L.</b>7099, <b>L.</b>7330, <b>L.</b>7367, <b>L.</b>7518, <b>L.</b>7957.</span>
-<span class="i0">Meagher, Brig.-Gen. T. F., <b>S.</b>1638.</span>
-<span class="i0">Meigs, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. M. C., Quartermaster-General, <b>S.</b>1333.</span>
-<span class="i0">Meredith, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S., <b>S.</b>2182.</span>
-<span class="i0">Meredith, Brig.-Gen. S. A., <b>C.</b>4679.</span>
-<span class="i0">Merrill, Lieut.-Col. C. B., 17th Me. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1360.</span>
-<span class="i0">Merritt, Maj.-Gen. Wesley, <b>S.</b>1830, <b>S.</b>1865.</span>
-<span class="i0">Merritt, Maj.-Gen. Wesley, and staff, <b>C.</b>4064.</span>
-<span class="i0">Merrow, Maj. J. M., <b>S.</b>3846.</span>
-<span class="i0">Miles, Col. D. S., 2d U. S. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2241.</span>
-<span class="i0">Miles, Maj.-Gen. N. A., S.1879, <b>S.</b>2044.</span>
-<span class="i0">Milhan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. J., <b>C.</b>4790.</span>
-<span class="i0">Miller, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. F., <b>C.</b>5155.</span>
-<span class="i0">Miller, Brig.-Gen. S., <b>C.</b>4736.</span>
-<span class="i0">Milroy, Maj.-Gen. R. H., <b>S.</b>2225.</span>
-<span class="i0">Minty, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. H. G., <b>C.</b>5173.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mintzer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. M., <b>S.</b>3229.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mitchell, Maj.-Gen. O. M., <b>S.</b>2207.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mitchell, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. G., <b>S.</b>2624.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mitchell, Brig.-Gen. R. B., <b>S.</b>1680.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mitchell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. G., <b>S.</b>2653.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mix, Col. S. H., 3d N. Y. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>2120.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mizner, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. K., <b>S.</b>2668.</span>
-<span class="i0">Molineux, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. L., <b>C.</b>4586.</span>
-<span class="i0">Moor, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., <b>S.</b>2651.</span>
-<span class="i0">Moore, Lieut.-Col. S., 11th N. J. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1358.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morehead, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. G., <b>S.</b>586.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morrell, Maj.-Gen. G. W., <b>S.</b>1516.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morrell, Maj. J. A., paymaster, <b>S.</b>3839.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morford, Capt. W. E., quartermaster, <b>S</b>1433, <b>S.</b>1821.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morgan, Brig.-Gen. C. H., <b>S.</b>2633.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morgan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. N., <b>S.</b>3834.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morgan, Maj.-Gen. E. D., <b>S.</b>3876.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morgan, Brig.-Gen. G. W., <b>S.</b>3061.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morgan, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. D., <b>S.</b>3203.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morris, Col. L. O., 7th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, <b>S.</b>2602.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morris, Lieut.-Col. T., 4th U. S. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3769.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morris, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. H., S.1596, <b>S.</b>2212.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morrison, Col. A. J., 3d N. J. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1896.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morrison, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D., <b>S.</b>3105.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morrison. Sergt. J. J., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1486.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morrow, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. A., <b>S.</b>1505, <b>S.</b>1853.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morse, Maj. E. C., paymaster, <b>S.</b>2157.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morton, Brig.-Gen. J. St. C., <b>C.</b>5171.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morton, Lieut.-Col. L., <b>S.</b>1357.</span>
-<span class="i0">Moses. Lieut.-Col. I., 72d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1798.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mott. Maj.-Gen. G., <b>S.</b>2172.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mott, Capt. T. P., 3d N. Y. Battery, <b>S.</b>1726, <b>S.</b>2100.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mower, Maj.-Gen. J. A., <b>S.</b>2037.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mower, Maj.-Gen. J. A. and staff, <b>L.</b>4047.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mulford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. E., <b>S.</b>2110, <b>S.</b>3374.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mulick, Lieut.-Col., <b>S.</b>1840.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mulligan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., <b>S.</b>2087.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mundee, Maj. C., Ass&#39;t Adjt.-Gen., <b>S.</b>1524.</span>
-<span class="i0">Munesly, Maj. C. H., <b>S.</b>1946.</span>
-<span class="i0">Murphy, Col. J. McL., 15th N. Y. Engineers, <b>S.</b>1614.</span>
-<span class="i0">Murphy, Col. M., 182d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1679.</span>
-<span class="i0">Mussey, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. D., <b>S.</b>2606.</span>
-<span class="i0">Myer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., <b>C.</b>4580.</span>
-<span class="i0">Nagle, Brig.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>2623.</span>
-<span class="i0">Naglee, Brig.-Gen. H. M., <b>S.</b>2223.</span>
-<span class="i0">Nazer, Lieut.-Col. F., 4th N. Y. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1805.</span>
-<span class="i0">Neill, Capt. E. M., Ass&#39;t Adjt.-Gen., <b>S.</b>1771.</span>
-<span class="i0">Neill, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. H., <b>S.</b>2629.</span>
-<span class="i0">Nelson, Maj.-Gen. W., <b>S.</b>2063.</span>
-<span class="i0">Newby, Maj. W., 6th Vt. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1531.</span>
-<span class="i0">Newton, Maj.-Gen. John, <b>S.</b>1557.</span>
-<span class="i0">Nichols, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. F., <b>S.</b>1397.</span>
-<span class="i0">Nichols, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. S., <b>S.</b>1942.</span>
-<span class="i0">Nichols, Maj. H. H., <b>S.</b>1618.</span>
-<span class="i0">Norton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. B., <b>L.</b>7200, <b>S.</b>1352.</span>
-<span class="i0">Nugent, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R., <b>S.</b>3856.</span>
-<span class="i0">Nye, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. H., <b>S.</b>2618.</span>
-<span class="i0">O&#39;Burne, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. R., <b>S.</b>3269.</span>
-<span class="i0">O&#39;Connell, Capt. J. D., 14th U. S. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3270.</span>
-<span class="i0">O&#39;Connor. Col. E., 2d Wisc. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3863.</span>
-<span class="i0">O&#39;Dowd, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>3208.</span>
-<span class="i0">Oglesby, Maj.-Gen. R. J., <b>S.</b>1755.</span>
-<span class="i0">Olcott, Maj. E., 121st N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1410.</span>
-<span class="i0">Oliphant, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. D., <b>S.</b>3796.</span>
-<span class="i0">Oliver, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. M., <b>S.</b>2630.</span>
-<span class="i0">Olmstead, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. A., <b>S.</b>3088.</span>
-<span class="i0">O&#39;Mahoney, Col. J., 40th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2104.</span>
-<span class="i0">Opdyke, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., <b>S.</b>1965.</span>
-<span class="i0">Opdyke, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. and staff, <b>C.</b>4333.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ord, Maj.-Gen. E. O. C., <b>S.</b>2081, <b>S.</b>2084, <b>S.</b>3384.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ord, Maj.-Gen. E. O. C. and staff, <b>C.</b>4206.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ordway, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., <b>S.</b>3080.</span>
-<span class="i0">Osterhaus, Maj.-Gen. P. J., <b>S.</b>1871.</span>
-<span class="i0">Owen, Brig.-Gen. J. T., <b>C.</b>4483.</span>
-<span class="i0">Owen, Lieut.-Col. S. W. (caught napping), 3d Pa. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>625.</span>
-<span class="i0">Packard, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., <b>C.</b>4735.</span>
-<span class="i0">Page, Capt, H., quartermaster, <b>L.</b>7090, <b>L.</b>7274.</span>
-<span class="i0">Palfrey, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. W., <b>C.</b>4657.</span>
-<span class="i0">Palmer, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. I. N., <b>S.</b>1823.</span>
-<span class="i0">Palmer, Maj.-Gen. J. M., <b>C.</b>5168.</span>
-<span class="i0">Palmer, Capt., <b>S.</b>2198.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pangborn, Maj. Z. K., paymaster, <b>S.</b>1697.</span>
-<span class="i0">Parham, Lieut.-Col. C., 29th Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1342.</span>
-<span class="i0">Parke, Maj.-Gen. J. G., <b>S.</b>1403.</span>
-<span class="i0">Parmalee, Adjt. L. C., 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, <b>S.</b>1825.</span>
-<span class="i0">Parsons, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L. B., <b>S.</b>2654.</span>
-<span class="i0">Parsons, Lieut.-Col. J. B., 10th Mass. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1341.</span>
-<span class="i0">Patrick, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. A., <b>L.</b>7001, <b>S.</b>1693.</span>
-<span class="i0">Patrick, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. M. R. and staff <b>L.</b>7075, <b>L.</b>7238, <b>L.</b>7588.</span>
-<span class="i0">Patten, Commissary W., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1668.</span>
-<span class="i0">Patterson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. N., <b>S.</b>2666.</span>
-<span class="i0">Patterson, Maj.-Gen. R., <b>C.</b>4711.</span>
-<span class="i0">Patterson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. E., <b>C.</b>4963.</span>
-<span class="i0">Patton, Lieut.-Col. A. G., 1st N. Y. Mounted Rifles, <b>S.</b>1750.</span>
-<span class="i0">Paul, Brig.-Gen. G. R., <b>C.</b>4489.</span>
-<span class="i0">Peard, Lieut.-Col. R., 9th Mass. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1717.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pearson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. L., <b>S.</b>3210.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pease, Ass&#39;t Surg. P. C., 6th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2205.</span>
-<span class="i0">Peck, Maj.-Gen. J. J., <b>S.</b>1954.</span>
-<span class="i0">Peck, Maj.-Gen. J. J. and staff, <b>S.</b>1907.</span>
-<span class="i0">Peisener, Col. E., 119th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3179.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pelouze, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L. H., <b>C.</b>4486.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pennington, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. C. M., <b>S.</b>3089.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pennypacker, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G., <b>C.</b>4709.</span>
-<span class="i0">Penrose, Brig.-Gen. W. H., <b>S.</b>2050.</span>
-<span class="i0">Perkins, Lieut-Col. S. H., 14th Conn. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1436.</span>
-<span class="i0">Perley, Col. T. F., Medical Inspector, <b>S.</b>2163.</span>
-<span class="i0">Perry, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., <b>S.</b>3721.</span>
-<span class="i0">Perry, Col. J. H., 48th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1778.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pettes, Col. W. H., 50th N. Y. Engineers, <b>S.</b>2145.</span>
-<span class="i0">Phelps, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. E., <b>C.</b>4734.</span>
-<span class="i0">Piatt, Brig.-Gen. A. S., <b>S.</b>3087.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pickett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., <b>C.</b>5179.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pile, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. A., <b>C.</b>4733.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pineo, Surg. P., Medical Inspector, <b>S.</b>3840.</span>
-<span class="i0">Plaisted, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. M., <b>S.</b>3722.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pleasants, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., <b>S.</b>2622.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pleasonton, Maj.-Gen. A., <b>L.</b>7317, <b>S.</b>342, <b>S.</b>2215.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pleasonton, Maj.-Gen. A. and staff, <b>L.</b>7069, <b>L.</b>7369, <b>L.</b>7603.</span>
-<span class="i0">Plummer, Brig.-Gen. J. B., <b>S.</b>3215.</span>
-<span class="i0">Poe, Brig.-Gen. O. M., <b>S.</b>1953.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pollock, Lieut. E., 9th U. S. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2200.</span>
-<span class="i0">Poore, Maj. Ben: Perley, 8th Mass. Volunteer Militia, <b>S.</b>1426.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pope, Maj.-Gen. John, <b>S.</b>2136.</span>
-<span class="i0">Porter, Brig.-Gen. A., <b>S.</b>3825.</span>
-<span class="i0">Porter, Col. B., 40th Mass. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3754.</span>
-<span class="i0">Porter, Maj.-Gen. Fitz John, <b>S.</b>2062.</span>
-<span class="i0">Porter, Maj.-Gen. Fitz John and staff, <b>C.</b>4560.</span>
-<span class="i0">Porter, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., <b>C.</b>4490.</span>
-<span class="i0">Post, Col. H. A. V., 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, <b>S.</b>3731.</span>
-<span class="i0">Post, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. P. S., <b>S.</b>3230.</span>
-<span class="i0">Potter, Maj., <b>S.</b>2193.</span>
-<span class="i0">Potter, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. E., <b>S.</b>2656.</span>
-<span class="i0">Potter, Surg. H. A., 50th N. Y. Engineers, <b>S.</b>3852.</span>
-<span class="i0">Potter, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. H., <b>C.</b>4491.</span>
-<span class="i0">Potter, Maj.-Gen. R. B., <b>S.</b>1729.</span>
-<span class="i0">Potter, Maj.-Gen. R. B. and staff <b>C.</b>4034.</span>
-<span class="i0">Powell, Lieut.-Col. J. H., 9th R. I. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1343.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pratt, Brig.-Gen. C. E., <b>S.</b>1719.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pratt, Col. G., 80th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1843.</span>
-<span class="i0">Prendergast, Capt. R. G., 1st N. Y. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1492.</span>
-<span class="i0">Prentice, Maj.-Gen. B. M., <b>S.</b>2173.</span>
-<span class="i0">Preston, Surg. A. W., 6th Wisc. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3854.</span>
-<span class="i0">Preston, Col. A. W., 1st Vt. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1751.</span>
-<span class="i0">Price, Col. E. L., 145th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1388.</span>
-<span class="i0">Price, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F., <b>S.</b>1752.</span>
-<span class="i0">Price, Capt. J., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1533.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pride, Col. G. G., aide-de-camp, <b>S.</b>2260.</span>
-<span class="i0">Prince, Brig.-Gen. H., <b>S.</b>2222.</span>
-<span class="i0">Prine, Lieut. N., 17th U. S. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2199.</span>
-<span class="i0">Puleston, Lieut.-Col. J. H., Military Agent of Pennsylvania, <b>S.</b>1957.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pulford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>3209.</span>
-<span class="i0">Putnam, Capt. Lee W., <b>S.</b>1705.</span>
-<span class="i0">Quick, Surg. L., <b>S.</b>3838.</span>
-<span class="i0">Quinn, Chaplain T., 1st R. I. Light Artillery, <b>S.</b>1780.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ramsay, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. D., <b>S.</b>1331.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ramsay, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., <b>C.</b>4598.</span>
-<span class="i0">Randall, Col. F. V., 13th and 17th Vt. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1445.</span>
-<span class="i0">Randall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., <b>S.</b>2626.</span>
-<span class="i0">Randol, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. M., <b>S.</b>1660.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ransom, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. E. G., <b>S.</b>1581.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rathbon, Sergt.-Maj. R. C., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1472.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rawlins, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., Chief of Grant&#39;s staff, <b>S.</b>1758.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rawlins, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., wife and child, <b>S.</b>3616.</span>
-<span class="i0">Razenski, Maj. A., 31st N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2123.</span>
-<span class="i0">Reid, Brig.-Gen. H. T., <b>S.</b>2659.</span>
-<span class="i0">Reno, Maj.-Gen. J. L., <b>C.</b>4680.</span>
-<span class="i0">Revere, Brig.-Gen. J. W., <b>S.</b>1718.</span>
-<span class="i0">Reynolds, Maj.-Gen. J. F., <b>S.</b>3044, <b>S.</b>3045.</span>
-<span class="i0">Reynolds, Maj.-Gen. J. J., <b>C.</b>4681.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rice, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. W., <b>C.</b>4650.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rice, Brig.-Gen. J. C., <b>S.</b>3025.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rice, Brig.-Gen. S. A., <b>C.</b>4659.</span>
-<span class="i0">Richardson, Maj.-Gen. I. B., <b>S.</b>815, <b>S.</b>3766.</span>
-<span class="i0">Richardson, Col. R. H., 26th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3724.</span>
-<span class="i0">Richardson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. P., <b>S.</b>1519.</span>
-<span class="i0">Richmond, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L., <b>S.</b>1351, <b>S.</b>1485, <b>S.</b>1549.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ricketts, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. B., <b>S.</b>3714.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rikell, Col. J., <b>S.</b>1971.</span>
-<span class="i0">Runyon, Brig.-Gen. T., <b>S.</b>1887.</span>
-<span class="i0">Riker, Col. J. L., 62d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2129.</span>
-<span class="i0">Riley, Capt., <b>S.</b>2197.</span>
-<span class="i0">Riley, Col. E., 40th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1898.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ringold, Col. B., 103d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3016.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ripetti, Lieut.-Col. A., 39th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1544.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ripley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. H., <b>S.</b>3113, <b>S.</b>3114.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ripley, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., <b>S.</b>3213.</span>
-<span class="i0">Roberts, Maj.-Gen. B. S., <b>S.</b>2083.</span>
-<span class="i0">Roberts, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. C. W., <b>S.</b>3758, <b>S.</b>3791.</span>
-<span class="i0">Roberts, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., <b>C.</b>4721.</span>
-<span class="i0">Roberts, Col. T. A., 17th Me. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3761.</span>
-<span class="i0">Robertson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., <b>C.</b>5142.</span>
-<span class="i0">Robinson, Adjt. H. F., 76th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1832.</span>
-<span class="i0">Robinson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. L., <b>S.</b>2082.</span>
-<span class="i0">Robinson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. C., <b>S.</b>1465.</span>
-<span class="i0">Robinson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. S., <b>S.</b>1529, <b>S.</b>3756.</span>
-<span class="i0">Robinson, Surg. J. W., 141st and 179th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1434.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rodman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. J., <b>S.</b>3093.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rogers, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., <b>C.</b>4082.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rogers, Surg. J. K., <b>S.</b>3784.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rogers, Lieut.-Col. L. D., 16th Pa. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1441.</span>
-<span class="i0">Root, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. R., <b>S.</b>3214.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rose, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. E., <b>C.</b>4717.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rosecrans, Maj.-Gen. W. S., <b>S.</b>2001.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ross, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., <b>S.</b>3802.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rougham, Surg., <b>S.</b>3855.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rousseau, Maj.-Gen. L. H., <b>S.</b>2025, <b>S.</b>2605.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rowley, Brig.-Gen. T., <b>S.</b>3792.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rucker, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. H., <b>C.</b>4804.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruger, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. H., <b>S.</b>1673, <b>S.</b>3100.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ruggles, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. D. (in group), <b>L.</b>7957.</span>
-<span class="i0">Runkle, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. B. P., <b>S.</b>1762.</span>
-<span class="i0">Runyon, Maj. N. M., 11th Pa. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1984.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rush, Surg. D. G., 101st Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2244.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rusk, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., <b>C.</b>4732.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rushing, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. F., <b>S.</b>2610.</span>
-<span class="i0">Russell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., <b>S.</b>3211.</span>
-<span class="i0">Russell, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. A., <b>S.</b>1746.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rutherford, Brig.-Gen. F. S., <b>S.</b>3218.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ryder, Sergt. S. O., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1488.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ryerson, Lieut.-Col. H. O., 10th N. J. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2238.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sabine, Maj. J. A., <b>S.</b>1435.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sackett, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. B., <b>S.</b>1387, <b>S.</b>1670.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sackett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. H., <b>S.</b>1363.</span>
-<span class="i0">Salm Salm, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F., <b>S.</b>3785.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sanderson, Maj. J. M., aide-de-camp, <b>S.</b>1515.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sanford, Maj.-Gen. C. W., N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1319.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sanford, Maj.-Gen. C. W. and staff, <b>S.</b>1563.</span>
-<span class="i0">Satterlee, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. S., <b>S.</b>1925, <b>S.</b>3864.</span>
-<span class="i0">Savage, Lieut.-Col. H. F., 25th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2007.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sawtelle, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. G., <b>C.</b>4470.</span>
-<span class="i0">Saxton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., <b>S.</b>3715.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sayers, Surg. L. A., <b>S.</b>1532.</span>
-<span class="i0">Schenck, Maj.-Gen. R. C., <b>S.</b>1399, <b>S.</b>2000.</span>
-<span class="i0">Scheffer, Lieut.-Col., <b>S.</b>2085.</span>
-<span class="i0">Schimmelfennig, Brig.-Gen. A., <b>S.</b>3042.</span>
-<span class="i0">Schoepf, Brig.-Gen. A., <b>S.</b>3231.</span>
-<span class="i0">Schoff, Maj. L., <b>S.</b>1473.</span>
-<span class="i0">Schoffer, Capt., <b>S.</b>2196.</span>
-<span class="i0">Schofield, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., <b>S.</b>2655.</span>
-<span class="i0">Schofield, Maj.-Gen. J. M., <b>S.</b>1944.</span>
-<span class="i0">Schurz, Maj.-Gen. Carl, <b>S.</b>2608, <b>S.</b>3007.</span>
-<span class="i0">Schwartz, Capt., the sharpshooter, <b>S.</b>2423.</span>
-<span class="i0">Schwenk, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. K., <b>L.</b>7668.</span>
-<span class="i0">Scott, Bvt. Lieut.-Gen. Winfield, <b>S.</b>1313.</span>
-<span class="i0">Scott, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. K., <b>S.</b>2632.</span>
-<span class="i0">Scott, Bvt. Lieut.-Gen. Winfield and staff, <b>S.</b>3163, <b>C.</b>4552.</span>
-<span class="i0">Scribner, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. F., <b>S.</b>3063.</span>
-<span class="i0">Scully, Chaplain T., 9th Mass. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1990, <b>S.</b>2192.</span>
-<span class="i0">Seawell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., <b>S.</b>1474.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sedgwick, Maj.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>2177.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sedgwick, Maj.-Gen. J. and staff, <b>C.</b>4619.</span>
-<span class="i0">Selfridge, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. L., <b>S.</b>1461.</span>
-<span class="i0">Senger, Lieut.-Col. A., 15th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, <b>S.</b>2168.</span>
-<span class="i0">Serrell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. A., <b>S.</b>1772.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sewall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. D., <b>S.</b>3753.</span>
-<span class="i0">Seymour, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T., <b>S.</b>3094.</span>
-<span class="i0">Schackelford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., <b>S.</b>3055.</span>
-<span class="i0">Shafter, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. R., <b>S.</b>2604.</span>
-<span class="i0">Shaler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., <b>S.</b>1667.</span>
-<span class="i0">Shanks, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. P. C., <b>C.</b>4731.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sharpe, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. H., <b>C.</b>4588.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sharpe, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>3730.</span>
-<span class="i0">Shaw, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., <b>C.</b>4730.</span>
-<span class="i0">Shaw, Maj. W. M., <b>S.</b>2188.</span>
-<span class="i0">Shepley, Brig.-Gen. G. F., <b>S.</b>2236.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sheridan, Maj.-Gen. P. H., <b>C.</b>4016, <b>C.</b>4039.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sheridan, Maj.-Gen. P. H. and generals, <b>L.</b>4048.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sherley, Capt. Z. M., <b>S.</b>1574.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sherman, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. W., <b>S.</b>1626.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sherman, Lieut.-Gen. W. T., <b>S.</b>2002, <b>S.</b>2017.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sherman, Lieut.-Gen. W. T. and generals, <b>S.</b>1990, <b>L.</b>4057.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sherman, Lieut.-Gen. W. T. and staff, <b>L.</b>7963.</span>
-<span class="i0">Shields, Brig.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>2069.</span>
-<span class="i0">Shiras, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., <b>S.</b>3059.</span>
-<span class="i0">Shreve, Maj. J. E., 132d Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1440.</span>
-<span class="i0">Shriver, Lieut.-Col. R. O., <b>S.</b>1346.</span>
-<span class="i0">Shumway, Capt. H. C., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1590.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sibley, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. H., <b>C.</b>4683.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sickel, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. G., <b>C.</b>4706.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sickles, Maj.-Gen. D. E., <b>S.</b>1702.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sickles, Maj.-Gen. D. E. and staff, <b>S.</b>1754.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sidell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. H., <b>S.</b>2615.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sigel, Maj.-Gen. Franz, <b>S.</b>1512.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sigfried, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. K., <b>S.</b>2621.</span>
-<span class="i0">Simmons, Surg. M. E., 22d Mass. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1442.</span>
-<span class="i0">Simpson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. H., <b>S.</b>1993.</span>
-<span class="i0">Simpson, Surg. G. B. F., 62d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3805.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sinclair, Col. W., 35th Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1540.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sleeper, Capt. J. H., 10th Mass. Battery, <b>L.</b>7085, <b>L.</b>7086, <b>L.</b>7583.</span>
-<span class="i0">Slemmer, Brig.-Gen. A. J., <b>S.</b>1536.</span>
-<span class="i0">Slocum, Maj.-Gen. H. W., <b>S.</b>1876.</span>
-<span class="i0">Slocum, Maj.-Gen. H. W. and staff, <b>L.</b>4046.</span>
-<span class="i0">Slough, Brig.-Gen. J. B., <b>S.</b>2226.</span>
-<span class="i0">Smalley, Col. H. A., 5th Vt. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3729.</span>
-<span class="i0">Smith, Lieut., <b>L.</b>7606.</span>
-<span class="i0">Smith, Maj.-Gen. A. J., <b>C.</b>4805.</span>
-<span class="i0">Smith, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. F., <b>S.</b>1711.</span>
-<span class="i0">Smith, Maj.-Gen. C. F., <b>S.</b>1783.</span>
-<span class="i0">Smith, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. H., <b>S.</b>3065.</span>
-<span class="i0">Smith, Col. G. F., 61st Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1369.</span>
-<span class="i0">Smith, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. E., <b>S.</b>3050.</span>
-<span class="i0">Smith, Maj. M. W., <b>S.</b>2190.</span>
-<span class="i0">Smith, Brig.-Gen. T. C. H., <b>S.</b>1347.</span>
-<span class="i0">Smith, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. K., <b>S.</b>1870.</span>
-<span class="i0">Smith, Maj.-Gen. W. F., <b>S.</b>2160, <b>S.</b>2243.</span>
-<span class="i0">Smith, Maj.-Gen. W. F. and staff, <b>C.</b>4038.</span>
-<span class="i0">Smyth, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. A., <b>S.</b>3048.</span>
-<span class="i0">Snider, Lieut.-Col. S. W., 4th W. Va. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1455.</span>
-<span class="i0">Snodgrass, Maj., <b>S.</b>3800.</span>
-<span class="i0">Spaight, Capt. W. A., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1572.</span>
-<span class="i0">Spaulding, Maj. C. F., 15th Vt. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1396.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page123" id="page123"></a>[pg&nbsp;123]</span></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Spear, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. P., <b>S.</b>3072.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sprague, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. B. R., <b>C.</b>5181.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sprague, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., <b>S.</b>1934.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sprague, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W. and staff, <b>L.</b>4049.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sprague, Brig.-Gen. W., <b>S.</b>3873.</span>
-<span class="i0">Spofford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. P., <b>S.</b>1348.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stafford, Lieut.-Col. S. H., 11th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2144.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stager, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Anson, <b>S.</b>1443.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stahel, Maj.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>1564.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stanley, Maj.-Gen. D. S., <b>C.</b>4503.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stannard, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. J., <b>S.</b>3047.</span>
-<span class="i0">Starkweather, Brig.-Gen. J. C., <b>S.</b>1682.</span>
-<span class="i0">Starr, Col. S. H., 5th N. J. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2140.</span>
-<span class="i0">Starring, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. O., <b>S.</b>1577.</span>
-<span class="i0">Steadman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. A., <b>S.</b>3115.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stebbins, E. N., storekeeper, <b>S.</b>3822.</span>
-<span class="i0">Steedman, Maj.-Gen. J. B., <b>S.</b>2024.</span>
-<span class="i0">Steedman, Maj.-Gen. J. B. and staff, <b>C.</b>4059.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sterling, Lieut. C. R., <b>S.</b>1803.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stevens, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. F., <b>C.</b>4729.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stevens, Col. W. O., 72d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1506, <b>S.</b>1845.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stiles, Col. J. W., 83d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1499.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stokes, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. B., <b>C.</b>4728.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stone, Brig.-Gen. C. P., <b>S.</b>1380.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stone, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. A., <b>S.</b>2657.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stone, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R., <b>S.</b>3103.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stone, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. M., <b>C.</b>4651.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stoneman, Maj.-Gen. G., <b>S.</b>437, <b>S.</b>1562, <b>S.</b>3815.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stoneman, Maj.-Gen. G. and staff, <b>S.</b>436, <b>S.</b>438, <b>S.</b>445, <b>S.</b>696.</span>
-<span class="i0">Storm, Gen., <b>S.</b>1322.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stough, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., <b>C.</b>4594.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stoughton, Brig.-Gen. E. H., <b>S.</b>2139.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stoughton, Lieut.-Col. H. R., 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, <b>S.</b>1620.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stoughton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. L., <b>C.</b>4727.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stratton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. A., <b>C.</b>4719.</span>
-<span class="i0">Streight, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. D., <b>S.</b>1760.</span>
-<span class="i0">Strong, Maj.-Gen. G. C., S.1480, <b>S.</b>2210.</span>
-<span class="i0">Strong, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. E., <b>C.</b>4595.</span>
-<span class="i0">Strong, Brig.-Gen. W. K., <b>C.</b>4987.</span>
-<span class="i0">Strother, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. H., <b>S.</b>3723.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stryker, Maj. W. S., paymaster, <b>S.</b>1631.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stuart, Col. C. B., 50th N. Y. Engineers, <b>S.</b>1846, <b>S.</b>2143.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sturgis, Maj.-Gen. S. D., <b>S.</b>3842.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sullivan, Col. T., 24th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1810, <b>S.</b>3744.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sully, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., <b>C.</b>4947.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sumner, Maj.-Gen. E. V., <b>S.</b>2227.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sutton, Chaplain J. F., 102d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2189.</span>
-<span class="i0">Swain, Col. J. B., 11th N. Y. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1401, <b>S.</b>3752.</span>
-<span class="i0">Swayne, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W., <b>S.</b>3207.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sweeney, Brig.-Gen. T. W., <b>S.</b>2427.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sweet, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. J., <b>S.</b>1733.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sweitzer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. B., <b>S.</b>1721.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sweitzer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. B., <b>C.</b>4964.</span>
-<span class="i0">Sykes, Maj.-Gen. G., <b>S.</b>1417.</span>
-<span class="i0">Talley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. C., <b>S.</b>1539.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tapley, Col. R. P., 27th Me. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1422.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tappan, Lieut.-Col. S. F., 1st Col. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1858.</span>
-<span class="i0">Taylor, Brig.-Gen. G. W., <b>S.</b>1828.</span>
-<span class="i0">Taylor, Brig.-Gen. N., <b>S.</b>1806.</span>
-<span class="i0">Telford, Col. W. H., 50th Pa. Infantry, <b>L.</b>7281.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tenner, Lieut. L., 39th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1528.</span>
-<span class="i0">Terry, Maj.-Gen. A. H., <b>C.</b>4578.</span>
-<span class="i0">Terry, Maj.-Gen. A. H. and staff, <b>C.</b>4051.</span>
-<span class="i0">Terry, Maj. C. L., 13th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1981.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tevis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. C., <b>S.</b>1420.</span>
-<span class="i0">Thayer, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. M., <b>C.</b>4700.</span>
-<span class="i0">Thomas, Maj.-Gen. G. C., <b>S.</b>1563.</span>
-<span class="i0">Thomas, Maj.-Gen. Geo. H., <b>S.</b>2022, <b>S.</b>2607.</span>
-<span class="i0">Thomas, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L., <b>S.</b>1330.</span>
-<span class="i0">Thomas, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. M. T., <b>S.</b>3232.</span>
-<span class="i0">Thourot, Lieut.-Col. L., 55th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2147.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tibbitts, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. B., <b>S.</b>2667.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tidball, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. C., <b>C.</b>4585.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tilton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. S., <b>S.</b>1785.</span>
-<span class="i0">Titus, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. B., <b>S.</b>1345.</span>
-<span class="i0">Todd, Capt. J. B. S., 6th U. S. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1336.</span>
-<span class="i0">Todd, Col. J. G., 35th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1941.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tompkins, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. H., <b>C.</b>4685.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tompkins, Col. G. W. B., 82d N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1402.</span>
-<span class="i0">Torbert, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. T. A., <b>S.</b>1424, <b>S.</b>1904.</span>
-<span class="i0">Totten, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>2664.</span>
-<span class="i0">Totten, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. G., <b>S.</b>1554.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tourtelotte, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. E., <b>C.</b>4502.</span>
-<span class="i0">Townsend, Gen., <b>S.</b>2213.</span>
-<span class="i0">Townsend, Lieut.-Col. C., 106th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1659.</span>
-<span class="i0">Townsend, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. D., <b>S.</b>1860, <b>S.</b>3765.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tracy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. F., <b>S.</b>1507.</span>
-<span class="i0">Trowbridge, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L. S., <b>S.</b>1394.</span>
-<span class="i0">Truex, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. S., <b>S.</b>3222.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tucker, Lieut.-Col. I. M., 2d N. J. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2131.</span>
-<span class="i0">Turner, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., <b>C.</b>4589.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tuthill, Ass&#39;t Surg., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1584.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tuttle, Brig.-Gen. J. M., <b>C.</b>4652.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tuttle, Col. O. L., 6th Vt. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1802.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tyler, Brig.-Gen. Daniel, 1629.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tyler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. B., <b>S.</b>1437.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tyler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. O., <b>S.</b>1383.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tyler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. O. and staff, <b>L.</b>7377, <b>L.</b>7504.</span>
-<span class="i0">Tyndale, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H., <b>C.</b>4704.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ullman, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D., <b>S.</b>1530.</span>
-<span class="i0">Underwood, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. B., <b>S.</b>2045.</span>
-<span class="i0">Upham, Maj. C. L., 8th Conn. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1411.</span>
-<span class="i0">Upton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., <b>S.</b>1835.</span>
-<span class="i0">Vallee, Lieut.-Col. F., 82d Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2146.</span>
-<span class="i0">Van Allen, Brig.-Gen. J. H., <b>S.</b>2122.</span>
-<span class="i0">Van Cleve, Bvt. Maj.-Gen., <b>C.</b>5170.</span>
-<span class="i0">Vanderbilt, Lieut. G. W., 10th U. S. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2250.</span>
-<span class="i0">Vandever, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W., <b>C.</b>4686.</span>
-<span class="i0">Van Etten, Surg. S., 56th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3831.</span>
-<span class="i0">Van Ness, Lieut., <b>S.</b>2251.</span>
-<span class="i0">Van Ness, Capt. W. W., quartermaster, <b>S.</b>1924.</span>
-<span class="i0">Van Steinhausen, Lieut.-Col. A., 68th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1786.</span>
-<span class="i0">Van Vliet, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S., <b>S.</b>2206.</span>
-<span class="i0">Van Wedell, Maj. C., 68th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1836.</span>
-<span class="i0">Varney, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. G., <b>S.</b>3802.</span>
-<span class="i0">Viele, Brig.-Gen. E. L., <b>S.</b>1675.</span>
-<span class="i0">Vincent, Col. S., 83d Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3188.</span>
-<span class="i0">Vincent, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. M., <b>C.</b>4509.</span>
-<span class="i0">Virgin, Col. W. W., 23d Me. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1850.</span>
-<span class="i0">Von Amsberg, Col. G., 45th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3243.</span>
-<span class="i0">Von Forstner, Maj. S., 3d N. J. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1935.</span>
-<span class="i0">Von Gilsa. Col. L., 41st N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2629.</span>
-<span class="i0">Von Penchelstein, Maj., 4th N. Y. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1882.</span>
-<span class="i0">Von Schrader, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., <b>C.</b>5165.</span>
-<span class="i0">Von Shack, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G., <b>C.</b>4981.</span>
-<span class="i0">Von Steinwehr, Brig.-Gen. A., <b>S.</b>1415, <b>S.</b>2128.</span>
-<span class="i0">Voris, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. C., <b>S.</b>1829.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wadsworth, Brig.-Gen. J. S., <b>S.</b>2064.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wadsworth, Brig.-Gen. J. S. and staff, <b>L.</b>7972.</span>
-<span class="i0">Waite, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A., <b>S.</b>2670.</span>
-<span class="i0">Walcutt, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. C., <b>S.</b>1928.</span>
-<span class="i0">Walcutt, Bvt, Maj.-Gen. C. C. and staff, <b>L.</b>7002.</span>
-<span class="i0">Walker, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. M. B., <b>S.</b>3238.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wallace, Maj.-Gen. Lew, <b>S.</b>2211.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wallace, Brig.-Gen. W. H. L., <b>C.</b>4687.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ward, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. H., <b>C.</b>5183.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ward, Brig.-Gen. J. H. H., <b>S.</b>1593, <b>S.</b>1878.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ward, Lieut.-Col. W. G., 12th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1661.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ward, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. T., <b>L.</b>4056.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ward, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. T. and staff, <b>L.</b>4063.</span>
-<span class="i0">Warner, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., <b>C.</b>4708.</span>
-<span class="i0">Warner, Brig.-Gen. J. M., <b>S.</b>3086.</span>
-<span class="i0">Warren, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. F. H., <b>C.</b>4653, <b>C.</b>4688.</span>
-<span class="i0">Warren, Maj.-Gen. G. K., <b>S.</b>1757.</span>
-<span class="i0">Washburn, Col. C., <b>S.</b>1849.</span>
-<span class="i0">Washburn, Maj.-Gen. C. C., <b>C.</b>4726.</span>
-<span class="i0">Washburn, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F., <b>C.</b>5156.</span>
-<span class="i0">Washburn, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. D., <b>C.</b>4725.</span>
-<span class="i0">Washington, Col. P. G., <b>S.</b>1739.</span>
-<span class="i0">Watkins, Brig.-Gen. L. D., <b>S.</b>1722.</span>
-<span class="i0">Watson, Maj. A. B., 8th Mich. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1931.</span>
-<span class="i0">Way, Lieut.-Col. W. B., 9th Mich. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1339.</span>
-<span class="i0">Webb, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. S., <b>S.</b>1933.</span>
-<span class="i0">Webb, Maj. M. F., paymaster, <b>S.</b>2191.</span>
-<span class="i0">Weber, Brig.-Gen. M., <b>C.</b>4689.</span>
-<span class="i0">Webster, Col. F., 12th Mass. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2185.</span>
-<span class="i0">Webster, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. D., <b>S.</b>2611.</span>
-<span class="i0">Weiss, Capt. A., 41st N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2261.</span>
-<span class="i0">Weiss, Lieut.-Col. F., 20th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1537.</span>
-<span class="i0">Weitzel, Maj.-Gen. Godfrey, <b>S.</b>2030.</span>
-<span class="i0">Weitzel, Maj.-Gen. Godfrey and staff, <b>L.</b>4066, <b>L.</b>4079.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wellman, Lieut.-Col. A. J., 85th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1804.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wells, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. D., <b>S.</b>1364.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wells, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W., <b>S.</b>2635.</span>
-<span class="i0">Welsh, Brig.-Gen. T., <b>S.</b>3171.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wessells, Brig.-Gen. H. W., <b>C.</b>4494.</span>
-<span class="i0">West, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., <b>S.</b>3036.</span>
-<span class="i0">West, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. M., <b>S.</b>2152.</span>
-<span class="i0">Westbrook, Lieut.-Col. C. D., 120th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1354.</span>
-<span class="i0">Weston, Chaplain S. H., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1674.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wheaton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. F., <b>S.</b>2619.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wherry, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. M., <b>S.</b>3083.</span>
-<span class="i0">Whipple, Maj.-Gen. A. W., <b>S.</b>2632.</span>
-<span class="i0">Whipple, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. D., <b>C.</b>4574.</span>
-<span class="i0">White, Lieut., <b>S.</b>2248.</span>
-<span class="i0">White, Lieut.-Col. Nelson, 1st Conn. Artillery, <b>S.</b>2214.</span>
-<span class="i0">White, Lieut.-Col. A. H., 5th N. Y. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1338.</span>
-<span class="i0">White, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. B., <b>S.</b>3227.</span>
-<span class="i0">White, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>2221.</span>
-<span class="i0">White, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. and staff, <b>L.</b>7562, <b>L.</b>7845.</span>
-<span class="i0">Whiting, Maj. C. J., 2d U. S. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1416.</span>
-<span class="i0">Whittaker, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. W., <b>S.</b>2040.</span>
-<span class="i0">Whittlesey, Col. F. W., 1st Mich. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1945.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wickstead, Lieut. J., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1666.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wilcox, Col. V. M., 132d Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1409.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wild, Brig.-Gen. E. A., <b>C.</b>5159.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wilder, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. T., <b>C.</b>5175.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wiley, Maj. W. M., paymaster, <b>S.</b>3837.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wilkeson, Lieut.-Col. S. H., 11th N. Y. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1742.</span>
-<span class="i0">Willard, Col. G. L., 125th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1525.</span>
-<span class="i0">Willard, Maj. J. C., aide-de-camp, <b>S.</b>1452.</span>
-<span class="i0">Willcox, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. O. B. and staff, <b>L.</b>7067, <b>L.</b>7526, <b>L.</b>7527, <b>S.</b>2440.</span>
-<span class="i0">Willett, Col. J. H., 12th N. J. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1833.</span>
-<span class="i0">Williams, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. S., <b>S.</b>2179.</span>
-<span class="i0">Williams, Lieut.-Col. D. A., 136th Ohio Infantry, <b>S.</b>1795.</span>
-<span class="i0">Williams, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., <b>C.</b>4596.</span>
-<span class="i0">Williams, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R., <b>S.</b>3067.</span>
-<span class="i0">Williams, Col. S. J., 19th Indiana Infantry, <b>S.</b>1478.</span>
-<span class="i0">Williams, Brig.-Gen. T., <b>S.</b>3191.</span>
-<span class="i0">Williamson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., <b>C.</b>4654.</span>
-<span class="i0">Williamson, Capt. R. S., U. S. Engineers, <b>S.</b>2252.</span>
-<span class="i0">Willich, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., <b>C.</b>4669.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wilson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., <b>S.</b>1966.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wilson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. G., <b>S.</b>1815, <b>S.</b>1868.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wilson, Maj.-Gen. J. H., <b>S.</b>2074.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wilson, Maj.-Gen. J. H. and staff, <b>C.</b>4181.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wilson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. (in group), <b>L.</b>7957.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wilson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., <b>C.</b>1382.</span>
-<span class="i0">Winchester, Quartermaster L. W., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1594.</span>
-<span class="i0">Winslow, Maj., <b>S.</b>2257.</span>
-<span class="i0">Winslow, Chaplain G., 5th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1592.</span>
-<span class="i0">Winthrop, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. F., <b>S.</b>1927.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wisewall Bvt. Brig.-Gen. M. N., <b>S.</b>3747.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wistar, Brig.-Gen. I. J., <b>C.</b>4705.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wood, Col. A. M., 84th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2133.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wood, Maj.-Gen. T. J., <b>S.</b>1695.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wood, Maj. W. H., 17th U. S. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3830.</span>
-<span class="i0">Woodbury, Chaplain A., 1st R. I. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1639.</span>
-<span class="i0">Woodbury, Col. D. A., 4th Mich. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3786.</span>
-<span class="i0">Woodford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. L., <b>C.</b>5098.</span>
-<span class="i0">Woodruff, Col. W. L., 2d Ky. Infantry, <b>S.</b>2249.</span>
-<span class="i0">Woods, Bvt. Maj.-Gen C. R., <b>S.</b>2636.</span>
-<span class="i0">Woodward, Lieut.-Col. G. A., 31st Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1405.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wool, Maj.-Gen. J. E., <b>S.</b>1318.</span>
-<span class="i0">Woolsey, Lieut. C. W., <b>L.</b>7103.</span>
-<span class="i0">Worth, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. J., <b>S.</b>1316.</span>
-<span class="i0">Worthington, Surg. W. H., 63d Pa. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3841.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wright, Col. D. R., 15th Conn. Infantry, <b>S.</b>3750.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wright, Col. E. H., aide-de-camp, <b>S.</b>3799.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wright, Maj.-Gen. H. G., <b>S.</b>1781.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wright, Maj.-Gen. H. G. and staff, <b>C.</b>4570.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wyndham, Col. Percy, 1st N. J. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1905, <b>S.</b>3762.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wynkoop, Col. J. E., 20th Pa. Cavalry, <b>S.</b>1818.</span>
-<span class="i0">Yeoman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. B., <b>S.</b>2669.</span>
-<span class="i0">York, Lieut, J. S., 5th N. Y. Infantry, <b>S.</b>1699.</span>
-<span class="i0">Young, Lieut, J. B., 7th N. Y. S. M., <b>S.</b>1615.</span>
-<span class="i0">Young, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. B. M., <b>C.</b>4716.</span>
-<span class="i0">Zagony, Col. C., aide-de-camp, <b>S.</b>3858.</span>
-<span class="i0">Zook, Maj. P. J., <b>S.</b>1622.</span>
-<span class="i0">Zook, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. K., <b>S.</b>1500.</span>
-<span class="i0">Zulick, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. M., <b>C.</b>4496.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center">REGIMENTS AND BATTERIES.</p>
-
-<hr class="hrsm" />
-
-<p class="center"><b>Colorado Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Lieut.-Col. S. F. Tappan, <b>S.</b>1858.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Connecticut Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Col. E. W. Whittaker, <b>S.</b>2040.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Connecticut Heavy Artillery.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> <i>At Fort Richardson, Va.</i>:</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers of regiment, <b>C.</b>4534.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Interior of Fort Richardson, <b>C.</b>4547.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Camp at Fort Richardson, <b>C.</b>4552.</span>
-<span class="i2"><i>At Fort Darling, James River, Va., April, 1865</i>:</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers of regiment, <b>S.</b>6, <b>S.</b>11.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers&#39; quarters, <b>S.</b>1134, <b>S.</b>1136, <b>S.</b>1139, <b>S.</b>1141.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Band, <b>S.</b>1129.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Lieut.-Col. Nelson White, <b>S.</b>2214.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Connecticut Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Company&mdash;, <b>C.</b>4129.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>11th.</b> Col. G. A. Steadman, <b>S.</b>3115.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>14th.</b> Lieut.-Col. S. H. Perkins, <b>S.</b>1436.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>15th.</b> Col. D. R. Wright, <b>S.</b>3750.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. C. L. Upham, <b>S.</b>1411.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>20th.</b> Col. S. Ross, <b>S.</b>3082.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>22d.</b> Col. G. S. Burnham, <b>S.</b>1477, <b>S.</b>3736.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>District of Columbia Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Officers of regiment, <b>C.</b>4558.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. L. C. Baker, <b>C.</b>4965.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>District of Columbia Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> Col. C. N. Alexander, <b>S.</b>2155, <b>S.</b>3755.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. W. O. Drew, <b>S.</b>1362.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Illinois Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>9th.</b> Col. A. G. Brackett, <b>S.</b>1649.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>12th.</b> Col. H. Davis, <b>S.</b>1425.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-<p class="center"><b>Illinois Light Artillery.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> Col. T. S. Mather, <b>S.</b>3742.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Illinois Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-
-<span class="i0"><b>23d.</b> Col. J. A. Mulligan, <b>S.</b>2087.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>36th.</b> Officers of regiment, <b>C.</b>4331.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>58th.</b> Col. W. P. Lynch, <b>C.</b>4676.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>59th.</b> Col. P. S. Post, <b>S.</b>3230.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>72d.</b> Col. F. A. Starring, <b>S.</b>1577.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>105th.</b> Col. D. Dustin, <b>S.</b>3847.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Indiana Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Detachment at headquarters Army of Potomac, November, 1864, <b>L.</b>7023.</span>
-<span class="i2">Ass&#39;t Surg. L. Brusie, <b>S.</b>1889.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Indiana Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>7th.</b> Col. I. G. Grover, <b>S.</b>1677.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. J. P. C. Shanks, <b>C.</b>4731.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. W. C. Banta, <b>S.</b>1794.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>9th.</b> Company C., <b>C.</b>4096, <b>C.</b>4728.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>18th.</b> Col. H. D. Washburn, <b>C.</b>4725.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>19th.</b> Col. S. J. Williams, <b>S.</b>1478.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. W. W. Dudley, <b>S.</b>2625.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. I. M. May, <b>S.</b>1819.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>22d.</b> Lieut.-Col. A. I. Harrison, <b>S.</b>3776.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>32d.</b> Maj. W. G. Mank, <b>S.</b>3182.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>33d.</b> Col. John Colburn, <b>C.</b>4738.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>38th.</b> Col. B. F. Scribner, <b>S.</b>3063.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>44th.</b> Company H, <b>C.</b>4338.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4335, <b>C.</b>4342.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4337, <b>C.</b>4340.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>51st.</b> Col. A. D. Streight, <b>S.</b>1760.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>70th.</b> Col. B. Harrison, <b>S.</b>3039.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>128th.</b> Col. Jasper Packard, <b>C.</b>4735.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Iowa Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>8th.</b> Col. J. L. Geddes, <b>S.</b>3064.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>13th.</b> Col. J. Wilson, <b>S.</b>1966.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>15th.</b> Col. J. M. Hedrick, <b>S.</b>2049.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>19th.</b> Exchanged prisoners, after release from Camp Ford, Texas, <b>L.</b>3010, <b>L.</b>3028, <b>L.</b>3029, <b>L.</b>3030.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>22d.</b> Col. W. M. Stone, <b>C.</b>4651.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>23d.</b> Col. <b>S.</b> L. Glasgow, <b>C.</b>4648.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>25th.</b> Col. G. A. Stone, <b>S.</b>2657.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>29th.</b> Col. T. H. Benton, <b>C.</b>4644.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>34th.</b> Col. G. W. Clark, <b>C.</b>4645.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Kentucky Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> Col. W. E. Woodruff, <b>S.</b>2249.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>19th.</b> Col. W. J. Landran, <b>S.</b>3081.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Maine Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Col. C. H. Smith, <b>S.</b>3065.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. J. P. Cilley, <b>C.</b>5160.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Battalion Maine Light Artillery.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Lieut.-Col. J. A. Hall, <b>S.</b>2637.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. F. McGilvery, <b>S.</b>3021.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Maine Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> Camp Jamison, near Washington, D. C., <b>C.</b>4547, <b>C.</b>4548, <b>C.</b>4130.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. C. W. Roberts, <b>S.</b>3758, <b>S.</b>3791.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. G. Varney, <b>S.</b>3802.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Lieut.-Col. E. Burt, <b>S.</b>3779.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>5th.</b> Col. C. S. Edwards, <b>S.</b>1509.</span>
-<span class="i2">Surg. B. F. Buxton, <b>S.</b>1389.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>7th.</b> Col. E. C. Mason, <b>S.</b>1861.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>8th.</b> Col. W. M. McArthur, <b>S.</b>2627.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>10th.</b> Group of officers, Cedar Mountain, Va., August, 1862, <b>S.</b>509.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>11th.</b> Col. H. M. Plaisted, <b>S.</b>3722.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>12th.</b> Col. W. K. Kimball, <b>S.</b>2658.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>17th.</b> Col. T. A. Roberts, <b>S.</b>3761.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. G. W. West, <b>S.</b>3036.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. C. B. Merrill, <b>S.</b>1360.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>19th.</b> Col. F. E. Heath, <b>S.</b>1361.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>23d.</b> Col. W. W. Virgin, <b>S.</b>1853.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>27th.</b> Col. R. P. Tapley, <b>S.</b>1422.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>29th.</b> Col. G. H. Nye, <b>S.</b>2618.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>30th.</b> Col. T. H. Hubbard, <b>C.</b>5136.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. G. W. Randall, <b>S.</b>2626.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Maryland Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Col. C. C. Tevis, <b>S.</b>1420.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Maryland Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>4th.</b> Col. R. N. Bowerman, <b>S.</b>2652.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>6th.</b> Col. J. W. Horn, <b>C.</b>4663.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>7th.</b> Col. Charles E. Phelps, <b>C.</b>4734.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>8th.</b> Col. A. W. Dennison.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Massachusetts Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> <i>At headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864</i>:</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers of Companies C and D, <b>L.</b>7390, <b>L.</b>7490.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers and non-commissioned officers of Companies C and D, <b>L.</b>7354, <b>L.</b>7391.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company C, <b>L.</b>7295.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company D, <b>L.</b>7392, <b>L.</b>7476.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Capt. E. A. Flint, <b>L.</b>7403.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Col. T. E. Chickering, <b>S.</b>3092.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>4th.</b> Col. F. Washburn, <b>C.</b>5156.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page124" id="page124"></a>[pg&nbsp;124]</span>
-<b>Massachusetts Artillery.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Officers in Fort Totten, Va., <b>S.</b>1115.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers and men, <b>S.</b>1156, <b>S.</b>1157, <b>S.</b>1190, <b>S.</b>1227.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Col. W. S. Abert, <b>S.</b>3178.</span>
-<span class="i2"><i>Fort Totten, near Washington, D. C.</i>:</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers of Companies A and B, <b>L.</b>7261, <b>L.</b>7678, <b>L.</b>7681.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Sergeants of Company A, <b>L.</b>7253.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Sergeants of Company B, <b>L.</b>7687.</span>
-<span class="i2"><i>Fort Stevens. near Washington, D. C.</i>:</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers of Companies F and K, <b>L.</b>7282, <b>L.</b>7696.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company F, <b>L.</b>7744, <b>L.</b>7803, <b>L.</b>7917.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company K, <b>L.</b>7692, <b>L.</b>7746, <b>L.</b>7897.</span>
-<span class="i2"><i>Fort Lincoln, near Washington, D. C.</i>:</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company H, <b>L.</b>7874.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Massachusetts Heavy Artillery.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>4th.</b> Col. W. S. King, <b>S.</b>3273.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Massachusetts Battery.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>10th.</b> Officers, <b>L.</b>7085, <b>L.</b>7086, <b>L.</b>7089, <b>L.</b>7583.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Massachusetts Militia.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>8th.</b> Maj. Ben: Perley Poore, <b>S.</b>1426.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Massachusetts Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> Col. W. Cogswell, <b>S.</b>2029.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. W. Dwight, <b>S.</b>1811, <b>S.</b>1814.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>9th.</b> Groups of officers, <b>C.</b>4101, <b>C.</b>4102.</span>
-<span class="i2">Father Scully holding mass in camp, <b>C.</b>4131.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. T. Cass, <b>S.</b>3774.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. P. R. Guiney, <b>S.</b>3096.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. R. Peard, <b>S.</b>1717.</span>
-<span class="i2">Chaplain T. Scully, <b>S.</b>1990, <b>S.</b>2192.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>10th.</b> Camp near Washington, D. C., <b>S.</b>2421.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. J. B. Parsons, <b>S.</b>1341.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>11th.</b> Col. W. Blaisdell, <b>S.</b>3111.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>12th.</b> Col. F. Webster, <b>S.</b>2185.</span>
-<span class="i2">Surg. J. H. Baxter, <b>S.</b>3833.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>15th.</b> Col. G. H. Ward, <b>C.</b>5183.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. G. C. Joslin, <b>C.</b>5190.</span>
-<span class="i2">Surg. S. F. Haven, <b>C.</b>5193.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. J. W. Grout, <b>C.</b>5191.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. T. J. Spurr, <b>C.</b>5192.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>19th.</b> Col. A. F. Devereaux, <b>S.</b>3066.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>22d.</b> Col. H. Wilson, <b>C.</b>4593.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. W. S. Tilton, <b>S.</b>1785.</span>
-<span class="i2">Surg. M. E. Simmons, <b>S.</b>1442.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>24th.</b> Col. A. Ordway, <b>S.</b>3080.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>25th.</b> Col. Josiah Pickett, <b>C.</b>5179.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>28th.</b> Officers of regiment, <b>L.</b>7750.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>34th.</b> Col. W. S. Lincoln, <b>C.</b>5180.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. G. D. Wells, <b>S.</b>1364.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. H. W. Pratt, <b>C.</b>5185.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>36th.</b> Lieut.-Col. A. A. Goodell, <b>C.</b>5182.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>40th.</b> Camp near Miners&#39; Hill, Va., <b>C.</b>4278, <b>C.</b>4357.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. G. V. Henry, <b>S.</b>3220.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. B. Porter, <b>S.</b>3754.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>51st.</b> Col. A. B. R. Sprague, <b>C.</b>5181.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>54th.</b> Col. E. N. Hallowell, <b>S.</b>2665.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>57th.</b> Col. N. B. McLaughlin, <b>S.</b>2052.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. J. M. Tucker, <b>C.</b>5184.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Michigan Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Col. T. F. Broadhead, <b>S.</b>1958.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Col. J. K. Mizner, <b>S.</b>2668.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>5th.</b> Lieut.-Col. E. Gould, <b>S.</b>1439.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>7th.</b> Col. W. D. Mann, <b>S.</b>1644.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>9th.</b> Lieut-Col. W. B. Way, <b>S.</b>1339.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>10th.</b> Col. L. S. Trowbridge, <b>S.</b>1394.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Michigan Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Col. I. C. Abbott, <b>S.</b>1469.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. F. W. Whittlesey, <b>S.</b>1945.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>4th.</b> Col. D. A. Woodbury, <b>S.</b>3786.</span>
-<span class="i2">Capt. S. De Golyer, <b>S.</b>1992.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>5th.</b> Col. J. Pulford, <b>S.</b>3209.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>8th.</b> Maj. A. B. Watson, <b>S.</b>1931.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>11th.</b> Col. W. L. Stoughton, <b>C.</b>4727.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>12th.</b> Headquarters, <b>C.</b>4603, <b>C.</b>4611.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>15th.</b> Col. F. S. Hutchinson, <b>S.</b>3225.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>21st.</b> Officers of regiment, <b>C.</b>4103.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company B, <b>C.</b>4101.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company D, <b>C.</b>4099.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company E, <b>C.</b>4100.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4092.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4750.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>24th.</b> Col. H. A. Morrow, <b>S.</b>1505, <b>S.</b>1853.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Minnesota Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> Col. R. N. McLaren, <b>S.</b>3070.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Minnesota Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Col. George N. Morgan, <b>S.</b>3834.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. C. P. Adams, <b>S.</b>1749.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>5th.</b> Col. L. F. Hubbard, <b>S.</b>3110.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>7th.</b> Col. W. R. Marshall, <b>S.</b>3069.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>8th.</b> Col. M. T. Thomas, <b>S.</b>3232.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Missouri Light Artillery.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> Lieut.-Col. G. W. Schofield, <b>S.</b>2655.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Missouri Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>15th.</b> Col. J. Conrad, <b>S.</b>2661.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>New Hampshire Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> Col. J. N. Patterson, <b>S.</b>2666.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. F. S. Fisk, <b>S.</b>3849.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>5th.</b> Col. E. E. Cross, <b>S.</b>1983.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. W. W. Cook, <b>S.</b>1929.</span>
-<span class="i2">Adjt. C. O. Dodd, <b>S.</b>1838.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>9th.</b> Col. H. B. Titus, <b>S.</b>1345.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>13th.</b> Col. A. F. Stevens, <b>C.</b>4729.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>New Jersey Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Col. M. H. Beaumont, <b>S.</b>1943.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. H. Janeway, <b>S.</b>1658.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. P. Wyndham, <b>S.</b>1905, <b>S.</b>3762.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> Col. J. Karge, <b>S.</b>1616.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Col. A. J. Morrison, <b>S.</b>1896.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. A. C. M. Pennington, <b>S.</b>3089.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. S. Von Forstner, <b>S.</b>1935.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>New Jersey Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Col. M. W Collet, <b>S.</b>1353.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> Lieut.-Col. I. M. Tucker, <b>S.</b>2131.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. S. L. Buck, <b>S.</b>1706.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>4th.</b> Col. W. B. Hatch, <b>S.</b>3746.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. J. H. Simpson, <b>S.</b>1993.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. C. Ewing, <b>S.</b>1648.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>5th.</b> Col. S. H. Starr, <b>S.</b>2140.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>6th.</b> Col. G. C. Burling, <b>S.</b>3102.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>7th.</b> Col. F. Price, <b>S.</b>1752.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. J. D. McIntosh, <b>S.</b>1950, <b>S.</b>3777.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>8th.</b> Col. John Ramsay, <b>C.</b>4598.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>9th.</b> Col. A. Zabriskie, <b>C.</b>5135.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>10th.</b> Lieut.-Col. H. O. Ryerson, <b>S.</b>2238.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>11th.</b> Lieut.-Col. S. Moore, <b>S.</b>1358.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>12th.</b> Col. J. H. Willett, <b>S.</b>1833.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>13th.</b> Col. E. A. Carmen, <b>S.</b>1386.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>14th.</b> Col. W. S. Truex, <b>S.</b>3222.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>24th.</b> Lieut.-Col. F. L. Knight, <b>S.</b>1456.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>25th.</b> Col. A. Derrom, <b>S.</b>3741.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>28th.</b> Col. M. N. Wisewell, <b>S.</b>3747.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>31st.</b> Col. A. P. Berthond, <b>S.</b>3738.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. W. Holt, <b>S.</b>1337.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>New Mexico Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Col. Kit Carson, <b>S.</b>2620.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>New York Mounted Rifles.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Lieut.-Col. A. G. Patton, <b>S.</b>1750.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>New York Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Col. A. T. McReynolds, <b>S.</b>1678, <b>S.</b>3806.</span>
-<span class="i2">Capt. D. Harkins, <b>S.</b>3870.</span>
-<span class="i2">Capt. R. G. Prendergrast, <b>S.</b>1492.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. H. B. Hidden, <b>S.</b>2135.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> Col. A. M. Randol, <b>S.</b>1660.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. A. N. Duffie, <b>S.</b>2154.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Col. S. H. Mix, <b>S.</b>2120.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>4th.</b> Lieut.-Col. F. Nazer, <b>S.</b>1805.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. A. Von Peuchelstein, <b>S.</b>1882.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>5th.</b> Col. John Hammond, <b>C.</b>4980.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. Amos H. White, <b>S.</b>1338.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>7th.</b> On parade, and camp near Washington, <b>C.</b>4543.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>9th.</b> Col. G. S. Nichols, <b>S.</b>1942.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. H. B. Hyde, <b>S.</b>1471.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. W. Sackett, <b>S.</b>1363.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>11th.</b> Col. J. B. Swain, <b>S.</b>1401, <b>S.</b>3752.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. S. H. Wilkeson, <b>S.</b>1742.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>13th.</b> <i>Prospect Hill, Va., near Washington, D. C.</i>:</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Regiment on inspection, <b>L.</b>7735.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Field and staff officers, <b>L.</b>7723, <b>L.</b>7726, <b>L.</b>7738.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers of regiment, <b>L.</b>7185, <b>L.</b>7734.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Non-commissioned staff officers, <b>L.</b>7740.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;General view of camp, <b>L.</b>7218, <b>L.</b>7733, <b>L.</b>7737, <b>L.</b>7739.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Headquarters in camp, <b>L.</b>7722.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Signal station in camp, <b>L.</b>7736.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>16th.</b> Col. N. B. Sweitzer, <b>C.</b>4964.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>26th.</b> Lieut.-Col. F. Jacobs, <b>S.</b>3015.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>New York Artillery Battalion.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Battery &mdash;, near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862, <b>S.</b>443, <b>S.</b>640.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>New York Light Artillery.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Field and staff officers, <b>S.</b>2417.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>New York Heavy Artillery.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> <i>Fort C. F. Smith, near Washington, D. C.</i>:</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers of regiment, <b>L.</b>7906.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers of Company F, <b>L.</b>7479.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers of Companies K and L, <b>L.</b>7842.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company F, <b>L.</b>7283.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company K, <b>L.</b>7675.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company L, <b>L.</b>7672, <b>L.</b>7673.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>4th.</b> Officers, <b>L.</b>7178.</span>
-<span class="i2">Officers in Fort Corcoran, Va., <b>C.</b>4103.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. T. D. Doubleday, <b>S.</b>1874.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. H. H. Hall, <b>S.</b>1921.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. J.C. Tidball, <b>C.</b>4585.</span>
-<span class="i2">Surg. G. Bayles, <b>S.</b>1379.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>6th.</b> Camp at Brandy Station, Va., April, 1864, <b>L.</b>7265.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>7th.</b> Col. L. O. Morris, <b>S.</b>2602.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>9th.</b> Company M, previously 22d New York Battery, <b>L.</b>7818.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>13th.</b> Camp in front of Petersburg, Va., <b>S.</b>2495, <b>S.</b>2496.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>14th.</b> Col. E. G. Marshall, <b>S.</b>2174.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>15th.</b> Officers of Third Battalion, <b>L.</b>7743.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. A. Senges, <b>S.</b>2168.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>New York Battery.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Cowan&#39;s Battery, in front of Petersburg, June, 1864, <b>S.</b>787, <b>S.</b>2343.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Capt. T. P. Mott, <b>S.</b>1726, <b>S.</b>2100.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>17th.</b> Officers, <b>L.</b>7559.</span>
-<span class="i2">On parade, <b>L.</b>7008, <b>L.</b>7010, <b>L.</b>7620.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>New York Engineers.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Officers of Company E, <b>S.</b>1034.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. E. A. Serrell, <b>S.</b>1772.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>15th.</b> Col. J. McL. Murphy, <b>S.</b>1614.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. C. G. Colgate, <b>S.</b>1923.</span>
-<span class="i2">Officers of regiment, <b>C.</b>4477.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>50th.</b> Col. W. H. Peters, <b>S.</b>2145.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. C. B. Stuart, <b>S.</b>1846, <b>S.</b>2143.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. G. W. Ford, <b>L.</b>7166.</span>
-<span class="i2">Surg. C. N. Hewitt, <b>L.</b>7401.</span>
-<span class="i2">Surg. H. A. Potter, <b>S.</b>3852.</span>
-<span class="i2"><i>At Rappahannock Station, March, 1864</i>:</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Field and staff officers, <b>L.</b>7600, <b>L.</b>7615.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;General view of camp, <b>L.</b>7275, <b>L.</b>7276, <b>L.</b>7461, <b>S.</b>138.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Stockade entrance to camp, <b>L.</b>7351.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Sutler&#39;s hut, <b>L.</b>7290.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Quarters of field and staff officers, <b>L.</b>7293, <b>L.</b>7604, <b>L.</b>7608.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Quarters of line officers, <b>L.</b>7614.</span>
-<span class="i2"><i>In front of Petersburg, Va.</i>:</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers of regiment, <b>L.</b>7324.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers&#39; dinner on Fourth of July, 1864, <b>S.</b>790, <b>S.</b>791.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Headquarters, <b>L.</b>7167, <b>S.</b>1028, <b>S.</b>1048.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Colonel&#39;s quarters, <b>L.</b>7059, <b>S.</b>1047.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Surgeon&#39;s quarters, <b>L.</b>7233.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers&#39; quarters, <b>L.</b>7210, <b>L.</b>7213, <b>S.</b>344, <b>L.</b>1028, <b>S.</b>3338.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Church, <b>L.</b>7151, <b>L.</b>7932, <b>S.</b>345, <b>S.</b>3339, <b>S.</b>3340.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Commissary department, <b>L.</b>7060.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>New York Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Col. W. H. Allen, <b>S.</b>1735.</span>
-<span class="i2">Ass&#39;t Surg. A. C. Benedict, <b>S.</b>1458.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Col. J. E. Mulford, <b>S.</b>2110.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>5th.</b> Col. F. Winthrop, <b>S.</b>1927.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. C. Boyd, <b>S.</b>1450.</span>
-<span class="i2">Surg. S. Van Etten, <b>S.</b>3831.</span>
-<span class="i2">Chaplain G. Winslow, <b>S.</b>1592.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. J.S. York, <b>S.</b>1699.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>6th.</b> Col. W. Wilson, <b>S.</b>1382.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. W. Newby, <b>S.</b>1531.</span>
-<span class="i2">Ass&#39;t Surg. P. C. Pease, <b>S.</b>2205.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. A. D&#39;Orville, <b>S.</b>2112.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>7th.</b> Col. George Von Shack, <b>C.</b>4981.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>8th.</b> Capt. M. Kron, <b>S.</b>3861.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>9th.</b> Col. R. C. Hawkins, <b>S.</b>1511.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. G. F. Betts, <b>S.</b>1635.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. E. A. Kimball, <b>S.</b>3862.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. R. McKechnie, <b>S.</b>1495.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>10th.</b> Col. J. E. Bendix, <b>S.</b>3201.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. W. W. McChesney, <b>S.</b>1737.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. A. B. Elder, <b>S.</b>3868.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>11th.</b> Col. E. E. Ellsworth, <b>S.</b>3175.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. N. L. Farnham, <b>S.</b>1628.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. S. H. Stafford, <b>S.</b>2144.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. J. A. Creiger, <b>S.</b>1627.</span>
-<span class="i2">Francis E. Brownell, <b>S.</b>1494.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>13th.</b> Maj. C. L. Terry, <b>S.</b>1981.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>14th.</b> Col. J. McQuade, <b>S.</b>3824.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>16th.</b> Surg. W. B. Crandall, <b>S.</b>2156.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>17th.</b> Col. H. S. Lansing, <b>S.</b>1595.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. C. A. Johnson, <b>S.</b>2254.</span>
-<span class="i2">Camp and regiment, <b>C.</b>4541.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>20th.</b> Col. F. Salm Salm, <b>S.</b>3785.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. F. Weiss, <b>S.</b>1537.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>23d.</b> Col. H. C. Hoffman, <b>C.</b>5163.</span>
-<span class="i2">Surg. W. A. Madill, <b>S.</b>1419.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>24th.</b> Col. T. Sullivan, <b>S.</b>1810, <b>S.</b>3744.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>25th.</b> Col. C. A. Johnson, <b>S.</b>1857, <b>S.</b>2254.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. H. F. Savage, <b>S.</b>2007.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>26th.</b> Col. W. H. Christian, <b>S.</b>2138.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. R. H. Richardson, <b>S.</b>3724.</span>
-<span class="i2">On parade, <b>C.</b>4529, <b>C.</b>4545.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>27th.</b> Lieut.-Col. A. D. Adams, <b>S.</b>1964.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. C. C. Gardiner, <b>S.</b>1703.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>29th.</b> Col. A. Von Steinwehr, <b>S.</b>2128.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>31st.</b> Maj. A. Razenski, <b>S.</b>2123.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>32d.</b> Col. R. Matheson, <b>S.</b>3022.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>33d.</b> Field and staff officers, <b>C.</b>4542.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>35th.</b> Col. W. B. Lord, <b>S.</b>3782.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. J. G. Todd, <b>S.</b>1941.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>S.</b>2422.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>37th.</b> Col. S. B. Hayman, <b>S.</b>3058.</span>
-<span class="i2">Capt. W. De Lacy, <b>S.</b>2253.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>39th.</b> Col. F. G. D&#39;Utassy, <b>S.</b>1496, <b>S.</b>2184.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. A. Ripetti, <b>S.</b>1544.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. L. Tenner, <b>S.</b>1528.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>40th.</b> Col. E. Riley, <b>S.</b>1898.</span>
-<span class="i2">Surg. J. E. Dexter, <b>S.</b>1888.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>41st.</b> Col. L. Von Gilsa, <b>S.</b>2649.</span>
-<span class="i2">Capt. A. Weiss, <b>S.</b>2261.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company C, Manassas, Va., July, 1862, <b>L.</b>7517.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>42d.</b> Col. E. C. Charles, <b>S.</b>2005.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. J. E. Mallon, <b>S.</b>1522.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. P. J. Downing, <b>S.</b>2106.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>44th.</b> Officers of regiment, <b>C.</b>4227.</span>
-<span class="i2">Camp of regiment, near Alexandria, <b>C.</b>4069, <b>C.</b>4172, <b>C.</b>4173, <b>C.</b>4192, <b>C.</b>4230, <b>C.</b>4231, <b>C.</b>4086, <b>C.</b>4186.</span>
-<span class="i2">Flag of regiment, <b>S.</b>1504.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>45th.</b> Col. G. Von Amsberg, <b>S.</b>3243.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>46th.</b> Col. J. Gerhardt, <b>S.</b>3097.</span>
-<span class="i2">Capt. H. Brandenstein, <b>S.</b>1824.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>48th.</b> Col. W. B. Barton, <b>S.</b>1604.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. J. H. Perry, <b>S.</b>1778.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>51st.</b> Col. C. W. Le Gendre, <b>S.</b>1527.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>52d.</b> Col. P. Frank, <b>S.</b>3001.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>55th.</b> Lieut.-Col. L. Thourot, <b>S.</b>2147.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. F. Jehl, <b>S.</b>1949.</span>
-<span class="i2">Officers of regiment, <b>C.</b>4550.</span>
-<span class="i2">Camp at Fort Gaines, <b>C.</b>4071, <b>C.</b>4544.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>57th.</b> Lieut.-Col. J. W. Britt, <b>S.</b>1548.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. A. B. Chapman, <b>S.</b>1398.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>58th.</b> Capt. A. Maluski, <b>S.</b>3778.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>59th.</b> Col. W. A. Olmstead, <b>S.</b>3088.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>60th.</b> Officers of regiment at Fauquier Springs, Va., August, 1862, <b>S.</b>538, <b>S.</b>539.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>61st.</b> <i>At Falmouth, Va., April, 1863</i>:</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers of regiment, 7530, <b>L.</b>7531.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Drum Corps, <b>L.</b>7520.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company D, <b>L.</b>7313.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company G, <b>L.</b>7554.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company K, <b>L.</b>7556.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>62d.</b> Col. J. L. Riker, <b>S.</b>2129.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. O. V. Dayton, <b>S.</b>1777, <b>S.</b>2065.</span>
-<span class="i2">Surg. G. B. F. Simpson, <b>S.</b>3805.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>63d.</b> Col. Henry Fowler, <b>S.</b>1906.</span>
-<span class="i2">Officers of regiment, <b>L.</b>7542.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>65th.</b> Col. J. E. Hamblin, <b>S.</b>1476, <b>S.</b>2150.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. H. G. Healey, <b>S.</b>1421.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>66th.</b> Lieut.-Col. J. S. Hammell, <b>S.</b>2671.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>67th.</b> Col. J. W. Adams, <b>S.</b>2092.</span>
-<span class="i2">Camp near Washington, D. C., in 1861, <b>C.</b>4546, <b>C.</b>4114, <b>C.</b>4115, <b>C.</b>4116.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>68th.</b> Col. R. J. Betge, <b>S.</b>2132.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. G. Bourri, <b>S.</b>1519.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut-Col. A. Van Steinhauser, <b>S.</b>1786.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. C. Van Wedell, <b>S.</b>1836.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>69th.</b> Col. R. Nugent, <b>S.</b>3856.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. James Bagley, <b>S.</b>1856.</span>
-<span class="i2">Officers of regiment, <b>L.</b>7642.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>70th.</b> Col. J. E. Farnum, 1385.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>71st.</b> Regiment on parade at camp near Miner&#39;s Hill, Va, <b>S.</b>2415.</span>
-<span class="i2">Group of Company G, <b>S.</b>2413.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>72d.</b> Col. W. O. Stevens, <b>S.</b>1506, <b>S.</b>1845.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. Israel Moses, <b>S.</b>1798.</span>
-<span class="i2">Surg. C. K. Irwine, <b>S.</b>279, <b>S.</b>3821.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>73d.</b> Col. W. R. Brewster, <b>S.</b>1842.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>75th.</b> Col. J. A. Dodge, <b>S.</b>3869.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>76th.</b> Adjt. H. F. Robinson, <b>S.</b>1832.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page125" id="page125"></a>[pg&nbsp;125]</span></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>77th.</b> Col. J. B. McKean, <b>S.</b>2178.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>79th.</b> Col. J. Cameron, <b>S.</b>1637.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. D. Morrison, <b>S.</b>3105.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. F. A. Hagadorn, <b>S.</b>1700.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>80th.</b> Col. J. B. Hardenburgh, <b>S.</b>1715.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. G. Pratt, <b>S.</b>1843.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. T. B. Gates, <b>S.</b>1827.</span>
-<span class="i2">Capt. T. Alexander, <b>L.</b>7605.</span>
-<span class="i2">Officers of regiment, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, <b>L.</b>7071, <b>L.</b>7373, <b>S.</b>278.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>82d.</b> Col. G. W. B. Tompkins, <b>S.</b>1402.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. J. J. Dimock, <b>S.</b>1393.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>83d.</b> Col. J. W. Stiles, <b>S.</b>1499.</span>
-<span class="i2">Adjt. J. B. Coppinger, <b>S.</b>1514.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>84th.</b> Col. E. B. Fowler, <b>S.</b>3801.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. A. M. Wood, <b>S.</b>2133.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>85th.</b> Lieut.-Col. A. J. Wellman, <b>S.</b>1804.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>86th.</b> Col. B. P. Bailey, <b>S.</b>1866.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>87th.</b> Capt. S. F. Knight, <b>S.</b>1696.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>93d.</b> Col. J. S. Crocker, <b>C.</b>4673.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. J. M. McCarter, <b>S.</b>2137.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. A. L. Cassidy, <b>S.</b>2187, <b>S.</b>3068.</span>
-<span class="i2">At Antietam, Md., September, 1862, <b>L.</b>7938, <b>L.</b>7941.</span>
-<span class="i2"><i>At Bealeton, Va., August, 1863</i>:</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers of regiment, <b>L.</b>7505.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Field and staff officers, <b>S.</b>630.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Commissioned and non-commissioned staff, <b>L.</b>7011, <b>S.</b>284.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company A, L.7510, <b>L.</b>7512.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company B, L.7453, <b>L.</b>7506.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company C. L.7451, <b>L.</b>7592.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers and non-commissioned officers of Company D, <b>L.</b>7458, <b>L.</b>7539.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company D, <b>L.</b>7452, <b>L.</b>7591.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers&#39; &quot;mess,&quot; Company D, <b>S.</b>218.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Non-commissioned officers&#39; &quot;mess,&quot; Company D, <b>S.</b>217.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company E, <b>L.</b>7455, <b>L.</b>7460.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers&#39; &quot;mess,&quot; Company E, <b>S.</b>225.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company F, <b>L.</b>7454, <b>L.</b>7594.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers&#39; &quot;mess,&quot; Company F, <b>S.</b>220.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company G, <b>L.</b>7456, <b>L.</b>7459.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers and non-commissioned officers of Company I, <b>L.</b>7511.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company I, <b>L.</b>7457, <b>L.</b>7593.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company K, <b>L.</b>7009, <b>L.</b>7036, <b>L.</b>7508.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Drum Corps, <b>L.</b>7514, <b>L.</b>7565.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Views of camp, <b>S.</b>219, <b>S.</b>824, <b>S.</b>826, <b>S.</b>827, <b>S.</b>828.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>94th.</b> Col. A. R. Root, <b>S.</b>3214.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>95th.</b> Col. G. H. Biddle, <b>S.</b>1800.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>96th.</b> Col. J. Fairman, <b>S.</b>2232.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>97th.</b> Col, J. P. Spofford, <b>S.</b>1348.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>99th.</b> Col. J. O&#39;Mahoney, <b>S.</b>2104.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>100th.</b> Col. J. M. Brown, <b>S.</b>2603.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>102d.</b> Chaplain J. F. Sutton, <b>S.</b>2189.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>103d.</b> Col. B. Ringold, <b>S.</b>3016.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>105th.</b> Col. B. F. Tracy, <b>S.</b>1507.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>106th.</b> Lieut.-Col. C. Townsend, <b>S.</b>1659.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>107th.</b> Col. A. S. Diven, <b>S.</b>1852.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>110th.</b> Col. D. C. Littlejohn, <b>C.</b>4662.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>111th.</b> Col. C. D. McDougall, <b>S.</b>1340, <b>S.</b>1449, <b>S.</b>2060.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>116th.</b> Col. G. M. Love, <b>S.</b>2043.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>118th.</b> Col. G. F. Nichols, <b>S.</b>1397.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>119th.</b> Col. E. Peisener, <b>S.</b>3179.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>120th.</b> Col. G. H. Sharpe, <b>C.</b>4588.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. C. D. Westbrook, <b>S.</b>1354.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>121st.</b> Maj. E. Olcott, <b>S.</b>1410.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>124th.</b> Col. A. V. H. Ellis, <b>S.</b>2093.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. F. M. Cummins, <b>S.</b>1366, <b>S.</b>1621.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>125th.</b> Col. G. L. Willard, <b>S.</b>1525.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>133d.</b> Lieut.-Col. A. J. Allaire, <b>S.</b>1917.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>134th.</b> Col. C. Coster, <b>S.</b>3193.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>141st.</b> Col. S. G. Hathaway, <b>S.</b>1448.</span>
-<span class="i2">Surg. J. W. Robinson, <b>S.</b>1434.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>143d.</b> Col. H. Boughton, <b>S.</b>2035.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>144th.</b> Col. R. S. Hughston, <b>S.</b>3759.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>145th.</b> Col. E. L. Price, <b>S.</b>1388.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>146th.</b> Col. D. Jenkins, <b>S.</b>1763.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>153d.</b> Col. E. P. Davis, <b>S.</b>3206.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. J. B. Neill, <b>C.</b>4310.</span>
-<span class="i2">Officers of regiment, <b>C.</b>4291.</span>
-<span class="i2">Officers of Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4320.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4281.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>154th.</b> Lieut.-Col. D. B. Allen, <b>S.</b>1444.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. H. C. Loomis, <b>S.</b>3734.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>156th.</b> Col. J. Sharp, <b>S.</b>3730.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>158th.</b> Col. J. Jourdan, <b>S.</b>1962.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>159th.</b> Col. E. L. Molineux, <b>C.</b>4586.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>162d.</b> Col. L. Benedict, 1799.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>164th.</b> Col. J. P. McMahon, <b>C.</b>4319.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. W. De Lacey, <b>S.</b>3226.</span>
-<span class="i2">Officers of regiment, <b>C.</b>4312.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4297.</span>
-<span class="i2">Guard mounting, <b>C.</b>4396.</span>
-<span class="i2">Surgeon&#39;s quarters, <b>C.</b>4426.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>169th.</b> Col. A. Alden, <b>S.</b>3062.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. Clarence Buell, <b>S.</b>3740.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. J. McConihe, <b>S.</b>1359.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>170th.</b> Officers of regiment, <b>C.</b>4280, <b>C.</b>4282, <b>C.</b>3626.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4315.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4348.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>175th.</b> Lieut.-Col. J. A. Foster, <b>S.</b>1558, <b>S.</b>1605, <b>S.</b>1796.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>179th.</b> Surg. J. W. Robinson, <b>S.</b>1434.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>182d.</b> Col. M. Murphy, <b>S.</b>1679.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>New York Militia.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>7th.</b> Col. M. Lefferts, <b>S.</b>1669.</span>
-<span class="i2">Adjt. J. H. Liebenau, <b>S.</b>1664.</span>
-<span class="i2">Surg. T. M. Cheeseman, <b>S.</b>1491.</span>
-<span class="i2">Ass&#39;t Surg. Tuthill, <b>S.</b>1584.</span>
-<span class="i2">Commissary W. Patten, <b>S.</b>1668.</span>
-<span class="i2">Paymaster M. Howland, <b>S.</b>1589.</span>
-<span class="i2">Quartermaster  W. Winchester, <b>S.</b>1594.</span>
-<span class="i2">Chaplain S. H. Weston, <b>S.</b>1674.</span>
-<span class="i2">Capt. W. P. Bensel, <b>S.</b>1671.</span>
-<span class="i2">Capt. E. Clark, <b>S.</b>1684.</span>
-<span class="i2">Capt. J. Price, <b>S.</b>1533.</span>
-<span class="i2">Capt. H. C. Shumway, <b>S.</b>1590.</span>
-<span class="i2">Capt. W. A. Spaight, <b>S.</b>1572.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. C. B. Babcock, <b>S.</b>1586.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. J. A. Baker, <b>S.</b>1665.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. J. W. Bogert, <b>S.</b>1588.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. C. B. Bostwick, <b>S.</b>1662.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. T. B. Bunting, <b>S.</b>1663.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. C. Corley, <b>S.</b>1570.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut W. Gurney, <b>S.</b>1585.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. G. T. Haws, <b>S.</b>1493.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. J. Wickstead, <b>S.</b>1666.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. J. B. Young, <b>S.</b>1615.</span>
-<span class="i2">Sergt.-Maj. R. C. Rathbon, <b>S.</b>1472.</span>
-<span class="i2">Sergt. J. J. Morrison, <b>S.</b>1486.</span>
-<span class="i2">Sergt. S. O. Ryder, <b>S.</b>1488.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>8th.</b> Col. G. Lyon, <b>S.</b>2107.</span>
-<span class="i2">Group of officers, Camp McDowell, Va., <b>C.</b>4104.</span>
-<span class="i2">Officers and non-commissioned officers of Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4112.</span>
-<span class="i2">Engineer company, <b>C.</b>4137.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company A, <b>C.</b>4541.</span>
-<span class="i2">Drum Corps, <b>C.</b>4540.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>12th.</b> Lieut.-Col. W. G. Ward, <b>S.</b>1661.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. Bostwick, <b>S.</b>1767.</span>
-<span class="i2">Engineer company, <b>C.</b>4138.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>22d.</b> Lieut.-Col. L. Aspinwall, <b>S.</b>3733.</span>
-<span class="i2">Officers of regiment, <b>C.</b>4010.</span>
-<span class="i2">Adjutant and First Sergeants, <b>C.</b>4135.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4194.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4134.</span>
-<span class="i2">Groups, <b>C.</b>4155, <b>C.</b>4163, <b>C.</b>4186.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>23d.</b> Col. Wm. Everdell, <b>S.</b>1404.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>69th.</b> Lieut. E. K. Butler, <b>S.</b>2255.</span>
-<span class="i2">Sunday services in camp, <b>S.</b>3713.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>71st.</b> Group of officers, Washington Navy-yard, <b>C.</b>4105.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. Bostwick, <b>S.</b>1578.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Ohio Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>9th.</b> Lieut.-Col. W. Stough, <b>C.</b>4594.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Battery I, Ohio Light Artillery.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Capt. H. Dilger, <b>S.</b>3177.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Ohio Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>6th.</b> Col. N. L. Anderson, <b>C.</b>3004.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>12th.</b> Col. C. B. White, <b>C.</b>3227.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>19th.</b> Col. C. F. Manderson, <b>S.</b>3112.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>25th.</b> Col. W. P. Richardson, <b>S.</b>1510.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>28th.</b> Col. A. Moor, <b>S.</b>2651.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>31st.</b> Col. M. B. Walker, <b>S.</b>3238.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>41st.</b> Col. W. B. Hazen, <b>S.</b>2126.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>44th.</b> Col. S. A. Gilbert, <b>C.</b>5048.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>46th.</b> Maj. H. H. Gilsy, <b>S.</b>3190.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>61st.</b> Col. S. J. McGroarty, <b>S.</b>2079.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>66th.</b> Col. C. Candy, <b>S.</b>2181.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>73d.</b> Lieut.-Col. S. H. Hurst, <b>S.</b>1438.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>114th.</b> Col. J. Cradlebough, <b>S.</b>1775.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>125th.</b> Group of officers, <b>C.</b>4325</span>
-<span class="i2">Company B, <b>C.</b>4324.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company C, <b>C.</b>4329.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company H, <b>C.</b>4330.</span>
-<span class="i2">Band, <b>C.</b>4328.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>126th.</b> Col. B. F. Smith, <b>S.</b>1711.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>136th.</b> Lieut.-Col. D. A. Williams, <b>S.</b>1795.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>176th.</b> Col. E. C. Mason, <b>S.</b>1861.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>181st.</b> Col. J. O&#39;Dowd, <b>S.</b>3208.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Pennsylvania Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Col. O. Jones, <b>S.</b>1938.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. J. Higgins, <b>S.</b>1868.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Group of officers at Westover Landing, Va., <b>C.</b>4532.</span>
-<span class="i2">Group of officers, <b>C.</b>4106.</span>
-<span class="i2">Camp at headquarters Army of Potomac, February, 1865, <b>L.</b>7298.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company D, Brandy Station, March, 1864, <b>L.</b>7389.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. J. W. Ford and Lieut. A. M. Wright, August, 1862, <b>S.</b>622.</span>
-<span class="i2">Field and staff officers, <b>L.</b>7576, <b>S.</b>635.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. S. W. Owen, caught napping, <b>S.</b>625.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>4th.</b> Col. D. Campbell, <b>S.</b>1724.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. G. H. Covode, <b>S.</b>1848.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. S. B. M. Young, <b>C.</b>4716.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. J. H. Childs, <b>S.</b>1869.</span>
-<span class="i2">Field and staff officers at Westover Landing, August, 1862, <b>L.</b>7474, <b>S.</b>629.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>5th.</b> Camp in front of Richmond, Va., <b>S.</b>2499.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. R. M. West, <b>S.</b>2152.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>6th.</b> Company I, Falmouth, Va., June, 1863, <b>L.</b>7140.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>8th.</b> Maj. A. G. Enos, <b>S.</b>2158.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>9th.</b> Col. T. J. Jordan, <b>C.</b>4712.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>11th.</b> Col. F. A. Stratton, <b>C.</b>4719.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. S. P. Spear, <b>S.</b>3072.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. N. M. Runyon, <b>S.</b>1984.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>13th.</b> Maj. G. F. McCabe, <b>S.</b>1617.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>14th.</b> Maj. T. Gibson, <b>S.</b>1543.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>16th.</b> Lieut.-Col. L. D. Rogers, <b>S.</b>1441.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>18th.</b> Regimental camp, February, 1864, <b>L.</b>7650.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>20th.</b> Col. J. E. Wynkoop, <b>S.</b>1818.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>21st.</b> Col. 0. B. Knowles, <b>C.</b>4707.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Pennsylvania Light Artillery.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Battery B, <b>C.</b>4114, <b>C.</b>4139.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> Company I in Fort Slemmer, <b>C.</b>4532.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Col. Joseph Roberts, <b>C.</b>4721.</span>
-<span class="i2">Field and staff officers, <b>L.</b>7486.</span>
-<span class="i2">On parade, <b>L.</b>7058, <b>L.</b>7423.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Pennsylvania Battery E (Knapp&#39;s).</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">At Antietam, Md., September, 1862, <b>S.</b>577.</span>
-<span class="i0">Capt. J. M. Knapp, <b>S.</b>1790.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Pennsylvania Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>11th.</b> Col. Richard Coulter, <b>C.</b>4724.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>29th.</b> Lieut.-Col. C. Parham, <b>S.</b>1342.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>30th.</b> Col. W. C. Talley, <b>S.</b>1539.</span>
-<span class="i2">View of camp, <b>C.</b>4150.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company A, <b>C.</b>4485.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company B, <b>C.</b>4459.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4466.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4484.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4493.</span>
-<span class="i2">Drum Corps, <b>C.</b>4491.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>31st.</b> Camp on Queen&#39;s farm, near Fort Slocum, Va., <b>S.</b>2409, <b>S.</b>2410, <b>S.</b>2411, <b>S.</b>2412.</span>
-<span class="i2">Camp scenes, <b>S.</b>2404, <b>S.</b>2405, <b>S.</b>2406.</span>
-<span class="i2">Group of officers, <b>S.</b>2407.</span>
-<span class="i2">Captain and First Sergeant of Company &mdash;, <b>S.</b>2408.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. G. A. Woodward, <b>S.</b>1405.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>32d.</b> Adjt. A. H. Jameson, <b>S.</b>1837.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>33d.</b> Company B, <b>S.</b>2418.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>34th.</b> Maj. G. Dare, <b>S.</b>2159.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>35th.</b> Col. W. H. Ent, <b>S.</b>3266.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. W. Sinclair, <b>S.</b>1540.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>36th.</b> Company H, <b>C.</b>4534.</span>
-<span class="i2">Camp, <b>C.</b>4549.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>37th.</b> Col. S. M. Bailey, <b>S.</b>1854.</span>
-<span class="i2">Flag of regiment, <b>C.</b>4436.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>39th.</b> Col. J. S. McCalmont, <b>S.</b>1899.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>40th.</b> Col. S. M. Jackson, <b>S.</b>3728.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>45th.</b> Col. J. J. Curtin, <b>S.</b>2038.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>46th.</b> Col. J. L. Selfridge, <b>S.</b>1461.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>48th.</b> Col. G. W. Gowan, <b>S.</b>2624.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. J. K. Sigfried, <b>S.</b>2621.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. H. Pleasants, <b>S.</b>2622.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>50th.</b> Lieut.-Col. S. K. Schwenk, <b>L.</b>7668.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. G. W. Brumm, <b>L.</b>7271.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. L. Carter, <b>L.</b>7410.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. J. I. Eckel, <b>L.</b>7359.</span>
-<span class="i2">Regiment on parade, at Beaufort, S. C., 1862, <b>S.</b>156.</span>
-<span class="i2">Regiment on parade, at Gettysburg, Pa., July, 1865, <b>L.</b>7025, <b>L.</b>7027.</span>
-<span class="i2">Officers of regiment, at Gettysburg, Pa., July, 1865, <b>L.</b>7225, <b>L.</b>7230.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>51st.</b> Lieut.-Col. T. S. Bell, <b>S.</b>3737.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>52d.</b> Col. Henry M. Hoyt, <b>C.</b>4722.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>53d.</b> Col. W. M. Mintzer, <b>S.</b>3229.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>56th.</b> Col. J. W. Hoffman, <b>C.</b>5154.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>58th.</b> Lieut.-Col. C. Clay, <b>S.</b>3000.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>61st.</b> Col. G. F. Smith, <b>S.</b>1369.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>62d.</b> Lieut,-Col. J. B. Sweitzer, <b>S.</b>1721.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>63d.</b> Surg. W. H. Worthington, <b>S.</b>3841.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>69th.</b> Field and staff officers, <b>L.</b>7267.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. James O&#39;Reilly, <b>S.</b>2197.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>71st.</b> Col. E. D. Baker, <b>S.</b>1459.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>72d.</b> Col. D. C. Baxter, <b>S.</b>3014.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>73d.</b> Col. J. A. Koltes, <b>S.</b>1734.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>75th.</b> Col. F. Mahler, <b>S.</b>1789, <b>S.</b>3743.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. John S. Littell, <b>C.</b>4718.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>79th.</b> Col. H. A. Hambright, <b>S.</b>3204.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>82d.</b> Lieut.-Col. Frank Vallee, <b>S.</b>2146.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>83d.</b> Col. S. Vincent, <b>S.</b>3188.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>84th.</b> Col. S. M. Bowman, <b>S.</b>1513.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>85th.</b> Surg. J. B. Laidley, <b>S.</b>3844.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>90th.</b> Col. P. Lyle, <b>S.</b>3018.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>93d.</b> Lieut.-Col. J. W. Johnston, <b>S.</b>2183.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>96th.</b> Col. H. Cake, <b>S.</b>1817.</span>
-<span class="i2">Group of officers, <b>C.</b>4633.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>97th.</b> Col. Henry R. Guss, <b>C.</b>4703.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>98th.</b> Col. J. F. Ballier, <b>S.</b>2027.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>100th.</b> Col. David Leasure, <b>C.</b>4714.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>101st.</b> Surg. D. G. Rush, <b>S.</b>2244.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>103d.</b> Col. T. F. Lehmann, <b>S.</b>3814.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. W. C. Maxwell, <b>S.</b>1365.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>104th.</b> Col. W. W. H. Davis, <b>C.</b>4723.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>105th.</b> Maj. M. M. Dick, <b>S.</b>1725.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>106th.</b> Col. T. G. Morehead, <b>S.</b>586.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>110th.</b> Company C, after the battle of Fredericksburg, <b>C.</b>4195.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>114th.</b> <i>At Brandy Station, March, 1864</i>:</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;View of camp, <b>L.</b>7308, <b>L.</b>7612.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Guard mounting, <b>L.</b>7613, <b>L.</b>7944, <b>S.</b>134.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers of regiment, <b>L.</b>7137, <b>L.</b>7138, <b>L.</b>7316, <b>S.</b>7602.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers of Company &mdash;, <b>L.</b>7144, <b>L.</b>7146, <b>L.</b>7173.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Band, <b>L.</b>7346, <b>L.</b>7611.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company F, <b>L.</b>7003, <b>L.</b>7038, <b>L.</b>7143, <b>L.</b>7175, <b>L.</b>7447.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company G, <b>L.</b>7198, <b>L.</b>7348.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company H, <b>L.</b>7077, <b>L.</b>7262, <b>L.</b>7263.</span>
-<span class="i2"><i>At Headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864</i>:</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers, <b>L.</b>7137, <b>L.</b>7138, <b>L.</b>7316 <b>L.</b>7602.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers of Company &mdash;, <b>L.</b>7144, <b>L.</b>7145.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Capt. J. <b>S.</b> Crawford, <b>L.</b>7037, <b>L.</b>7073.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>119th.</b> Lieut.-Col. Gideon Clark, <b>C.</b>4720.</span>
-<span class="i2">Officers of regiment, <b>C.</b>4290.</span>
-<span class="i2">Officers and non-commissioned officers, <b>C.</b>4428.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4334.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4375.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>123d.</b> Surg. H. F. Martin, <b>S.</b>1392.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>132d.</b> Col. V. M. Wilcox, <b>S.</b>1409.</span>
-<span class="i2">Major J. E. Shreve, <b>S.</b>1440.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>139th.</b> Officers of regiment, <b>C.</b>4288, <b>C.</b>4346.</span>
-<span class="i2">Field and staff officers, <b>C.</b>4328.</span>
-<span class="i2">Regiment on parade, <b>C.</b>4306.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4302.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4339.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4341.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4367.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4368.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4371.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company &mdash;, <b>C.</b>4173.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>143d.</b> Col. E. L. Dana, <b>S.</b>3748.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>145th.</b> Col. H. L. Brown, <b>S.</b>3107.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>148th.</b> Col. J. A. Beaver, <b>C.</b>4715.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>149th.</b> Col. Roy Stone, <b>S.</b>3103.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company D, in front of Petersburg, November, 1864, <b>L.</b>7047, <b>L.</b>7388.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>150th.</b> Camp, March, 1863, <b>S.</b>297.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>155th.</b> Col. A. L. Pearson, <b>S.</b>3210.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>195th.</b> Col. J. W. Fisher, <b>S.</b>3040.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>198th.</b> Col. H. G. Sickel, <b>C.</b>4706.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>207th.</b> Col. Robert C. Cox, <b>C.</b>4713.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>208th.</b> Col. A. B. McCalmont, <b>S.</b>1356.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Rhode Island Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Col. R. B. Lawton, <b>S.</b>3727.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Rhode Island Light Artillery.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Officers of regiment, July, 1862, <b>S.</b>649.</span>
-<span class="i2">Chaplain T. Quinn, <b>S.</b>1780.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Rhode Island Heavy Artillery.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Col. W. Ames, <b>C.</b>4666.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><span class="pagenum"><a name="page126" id="page126"></a>[pg&nbsp;126]</span>
-<b>Rhode Island Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Col. A. E. Burnside and officers, <b>C.</b>4100.</span>
-<span class="i2">Chaplain A. Woodbury, <b>S.</b>1639.</span>
-<span class="i2">Group of Company D, <b>C.</b>4128.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> Col. Horatio Rogers, <b>C.</b>4682.</span>
-<span class="i2">Officers of regiment, <b>C.</b>4537.</span>
-<span class="i2">Capt. C. G. Dyer, <b>S.</b>1686.</span>
-<span class="i2">Camp near Washington, D. C., in 1861, <b>C.</b>4113.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Col. N. W. Brown, <b>C.</b>4669.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>9th.</b> Lieut.-Col. J. H. Powell, <b>S.</b>1343.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>11th.</b> Headquarters of Company F, Miner&#39;s Hill, Va., <b>C.</b>4349.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Tennessee Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Col. J. P. Brownlow, <b>S.</b>3077.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>United States Engineer Battalion.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><i>At Brandy Station, Va., March, 1864</i>:</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;View of camp, <b>L.</b>7310, <b>L.</b>7433, <b>L.</b>7560.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Officers&#39; quarters, <b>L.</b>7109.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Quarters of Company D, <b>L.</b>7005.</span>
-<span class="i0"><i>In front of Petersburg, Va., August, 1864</i>:</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Headquarters, <b>L.</b>7065.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Company A, <b>L.</b>7062, <b>L.</b>7384, <b>L.</b>7386.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Company B, <b>L.</b>7060, <b>L.</b>7210, <b>L.</b>7513, <b>L.</b>7547, <b>L.</b>7566, <b>L.</b>7570.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Company C, <b>L.</b>7568, <b>L.</b>7647.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Company D, <b>L.</b>7054, <b>L.</b>7387, <b>L.</b>7548.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Essayon&#39;s Dramatic Club, <b>L.</b>7836, <b>L.</b>7439.</span>
-<span class="i0">&mdash;Detachment in city of Petersburg, April, 1865, <b>L.</b>7188, <b>L.</b>7434.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>United States Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Company K, Brandy Station, February, 1864, <b>L.</b>7120, <b>L.</b>7270.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> Maj. C. J. Whiting, <b>S.</b>1416.</span>
-<span class="i2">Capt. G. A. Gordon, <b>S.</b>1482.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>6th.</b> Capt. H. B. Hays, <b>S.</b>2067.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>United States Artillery.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> Capt. J. M. Robertson, <b>C.</b>5142.</span>
-<span class="i2">Officers of Battery A (Tidball&#39;s), near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862, <b>S.</b>435.</span>
-<span class="i2">Officers of Battery B (Robertson&#39;s), near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862, <b>S.</b>440.</span>
-<span class="i2">Battery B (Robertson&#39;s), near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862, <b>S.</b>439.</span>
-<span class="i2">Battery B (Robertson&#39;s), at Gettysburg, Pa., <b>L.</b>7192.</span>
-<span class="i2">Battery D, <b>C.</b>4212.</span>
-<span class="i2">Flag of Battery D, <b>C.</b>4510.</span>
-<span class="i2">Battery M (Benson&#39;s), near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862, <b>S.</b>433, <b>S.</b>641.</span>
-<span class="i2">Battery M (Benson&#39;s), Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, <b>L.</b>7245.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Officers of Battery C (Gibson&#39;s), near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862, <b>S.</b>432.</span>
-<span class="i2">Battery C (Gibson&#39;s), near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862, <b>S.</b>431.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>4th.</b> Battery A, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, <b>L.</b>7334.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>5th.</b> Lieut.-Col. B. H. Kill, <b>S.</b>2046.</span>
-<span class="i2">Capt. Charles Griffin, <b>S.</b>1373.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>United States Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Col. C. A. Waite, <b>S.</b>2670.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. J. D. De Russy, <b>S.</b>1698.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> Col. S. Burbank, <b>S.</b>3101.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Officers of regiment, June, 1865, <b>L.</b>7366, <b>L.</b>7398.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. B. L. E. Bonneville, <b>S.</b>1968.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>4th.</b> Lieut.-Col. T. Morris, <b>S.</b>3769.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>5th.</b> Lieut.-Col. T. L. Alexander, <b>S.</b>1381.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>6th.</b> Col. H. Day, <b>S.</b>3793.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. W. Seawell, <b>S.</b>1474.</span>
-<span class="i2">Capt. J. B. S. Todd, <b>S.</b>1336.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>8th.</b> Provost guard, at headquarters Army of Potomac, Fairfax Court House, June, 1863, <b>L.</b>7503.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. J. Garland, <b>S.</b>1329.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. W. J. Worth, <b>S.</b>1316.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>9th.</b> Lieut. E. Pollock, <b>S.</b>2200.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>10th.</b> Col. H. B. Clitz, <b>S.</b>1521.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. W. H. Sidell, <b>S.</b>2615.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. G. W. Vanderbilt, <b>S.</b>2250.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>14th.</b> Officers of regiment, March, 1862, <b>L.</b>7973.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. C. S. Lovell, <b>S.</b>3234.</span>
-<span class="i2">Capt. J. D. O&#39;Connell, <b>S.</b>3270.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>15th.</b> Maj. J. H. King, <b>S.</b>2609.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>16th.</b> Capt. F. M. Bache, <b>S.</b>2439.</span>
-<span class="i2">Capt. R. P. Barry, <b>S.</b>3871.</span>
-<span class="i0"><b>17th.</b> Maj. W. H. Wood, <b>S.</b>3830.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut. N. Prine, <b>S.</b>2199.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>United States Sharpshooters.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Col. H. Berdan, <b>S.</b>3771.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> Col. H. A. V. Post, <b>S.</b>3731.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. H. R. Stoughton, <b>S.</b>1620.</span>
-<span class="i2">Adjt. L. C. Parmalee, <b>S.</b>1825.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>United States Veteran Reserve Corps.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Col. F. D. Sewall, <b>S.</b>3753.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>7th.</b> Lieut.-Col. J. B. Callis, <b>C.</b>4740.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>9th.</b> <i>In Washington, D. C., May, 1865</i>:</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;On parade, <b>L.</b>7686, <b>L.</b>7881.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Band, <b>L.</b>7807, <b>L.</b>7808.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Band quarters, <b>L.</b>7854, <b>L.</b>7868.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company A, <b>L.</b>7670.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>10th.</b> <i>In Washington, D. C., May, 1865</i>:</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Band, <b>L.</b>7865, <b>L.</b>7879.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Drum Corps, <b>L.</b>7688.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company A, <b>L.</b>7742.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company B, <b>L.</b>7677, <b>L.</b>7892.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company C, <b>L.</b>7896, <b>L.</b>7898.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company D, <b>L.</b>7905.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company E, <b>L.</b>7810.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company F, <b>L.</b>7910.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company H, <b>L.</b>7809, <b>L.</b>7911.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company I, <b>L.</b>7804, <b>L.</b>7806.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Company K, <b>L.</b>7805.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Non-commissioned officers of Company H, <b>L.</b>7802.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>14th.</b> Col. S. D. Oliphant, <b>S.</b>3796.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>19th.</b> Col. O. V. Dayton, <b>S.</b>1777, <b>S.</b>2065.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>22d.</b> Maj. J. R. O&#39;Beirne, <b>S.</b>3269.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>26th.</b> Lieut.-Col. B. P. Runkle, <b>S.</b>1762.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>United States Veteran Volunteers.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>8th.</b> Parade of regiment, Washington, D. C., March, 1864, <b>L.</b>7813.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>United States Colored Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>4th.</b> Col. J. G. Wilson, <b>S.</b>1815, <b>S.</b>1868.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>United States Colored Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Camp and regiment, <b>L.</b>7013.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>4th.</b> Officers of regiment, Fort Slocum, near Washington, D. C., <b>L.</b>7689, <b>L.</b>7851.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company E, Fort Lincoln, near Washington, D. C., <b>L.</b>7890.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>7th.</b> Col. James Shaw, <b>C.</b>4730.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>8th.</b> Col. S. C. Armstrong, <b>S.</b>1920.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>14th.</b> Col. H. C. Corbin, <b>S.</b>2617.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>17th.</b> Col. W. R. Shafter, <b>S.</b>2604.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>24th.</b> Col. O. Brown, <b>C.</b>4984.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>27th.</b> Col. A. M. Blackman, <b>S.</b>2042.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>28th.</b> Col. C. S. Russell, <b>S.</b>3211.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>35th.</b> Col. J. C. Beecher, <b>S.</b>1466.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>37th.</b> Col. N. Goff, <b>S.</b>3035.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>39th.</b> Field and staff officers, in front of Petersburg, Va., September, 1864, <b>L.</b>7051, <b>L.</b>7052.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>43d.</b> Col. S. B. Yeoman, <b>S.</b>2669.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>45th.</b> Col. U. Doubleday, <b>S.</b>3213.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>79th.</b> Col. J. M. Williams, <b>C.</b>4596.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>83d.</b> Col. S. J. Crawford, <b>C.</b>4784.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>100th.</b> Col. R. D. Mussey, <b>S.</b>2606.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>103d.</b> Col. S. L. Woodford, <b>C.</b>5098.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>107th.</b> <i>At Fort Corcoran, near Washington, D. C., November, 1865</i>:</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Officers of regiment, <b>L.</b>7684.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Guard and guard-house, <b>L.</b>7841.</span>
-<span class="i2">&mdash;Band, <b>L.</b>7861.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>109th.</b> Col. O. A. Bartholomew, <b>S.</b>2614.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>119th.</b> Col. C. G. Bartlett, <b>S.</b>3091.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>United States Treasury Battalion.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Officers of battalion, Washington, D. C., April, 1865, <b>L.</b>7850.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Vermont Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Lieut.-Col. A. W. Preston, <b>S.</b>1751.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Vermont Heavy Artillery.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Lieut.-Col. R. C. Benton, <b>S.</b>1355.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. G. E. Chamberlain, <b>S.</b>3735.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Vermont Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Col. B. N. Hyde, <b>S.</b>3770.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>5th.</b> Col. H. A. Smalley, <b>S.</b>3729.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>6th.</b> Col. E. L. Barney, <b>S.</b>1683.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. N. Lord, <b>S.</b>1731.</span>
-<span class="i2">Col. O. L. Tuttle, <b>S.</b>1802.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. A. P. Blunt, <b>S.</b>1813.</span>
-<span class="i2">Surg. C. M. Chandler, <b>S.</b>2148.</span>
-<span class="i2">Views of Camp Griffin, near Washington, D. C., in 1861, <b>C.</b>4787, <b>C.</b>4117, <b>C.</b>4118.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company A, <b>C.</b>4119.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company D, <b>C.</b>4120.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company E, <b>C.</b>4121.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company F, <b>C.</b>4122.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company G, <b>C.</b>4123.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company H, <b>C.</b>4124.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company I, <b>C.</b>4125.</span>
-<span class="i2">Company K, <b>C.</b>4126.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>9th.</b> Col. E. H. Ripley, <b>S.</b>3113, <b>S.</b>3114.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>10th.</b> Col. A. B. Jewett, <b>S.</b>2165.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>12th.</b> Col. A. P. Blunt, <b>S.</b>1813.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>13th.</b> Col. F. V. Randall, <b>S.</b>1445.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. A. C. Brown, <b>S.</b>1463.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>15th.</b> Lieut.-Col. R. Farnham, <b>S.</b>1479.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. C. F. Spaulding, <b>S.</b>1396.</span>
-<span class="i2">Surg. C. P. Frost, <b>S.</b>1447.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>17th.</b> Col. F. V. Randall, <b>S.</b>1445.</span>
-<span class="i2">Lieut.-Col. C. Cummings, <b>S.</b>1468.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>West Virginia Cavalry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>1st.</b> Lieut.-Col. C. E. Capehart, <b>S.</b>1623.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>3d.</b> Col. D. H. Strother, <b>S.</b>3723.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>4th.</b> Lieut.-Col. S. W. Snider, <b>S.</b>1455.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>West Virginia Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>12th.</b> Col. W. B. Curtis, <b>S.</b>3224.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><b>Wisconsin Infantry.</b></p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0"><b>2d.</b> Col. E. O&#39;Connor, <b>S.</b>3863.</span>
-<span class="i2">Camp in front of Petersburg, Va., February, 1865, <b>L.</b>7543.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>5th.</b> Col. Amasa Cobb, <b>C.</b>4739.</span>
-<span class="i2">Maj. C. H. Larrabee, <b>S.</b>2186.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>6th.</b> Lieut.-Col. F. S. Bragg, <b>S.</b>1367.</span>
-<span class="i2">Surg. A. W. Preston, <b>S.</b>3854.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>16th.</b> Col. C. Fairchild, <b>S.</b>3202.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>18th.</b> Surg. E. J. Buck, <b>S.</b>3798.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>21st.</b> Col. H. C. Hobart, <b>S.</b>3205.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>24th.</b> Col. C. H. Larrabee, <b>S.</b>2186.</span>
-
-<span class="i0"><b>25th.</b> Lieut.-Col. J. M. Rusk, <b>C.</b>4732.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="center">PORTRAITS OF NAVY OFFICERS.</p>
-
-<div class="poem">
-<div class="stanza">
-<span class="i0">Ammen, Commander D., <b>C.</b>4635.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bailey, Commodore T., <b>S.</b>2231.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bankhead, Commander J. P., <b>S.</b>2118.</span>
-<span class="i0">Barrett, Lieut.-Commander E., <b>S.</b>1987, <b>S.</b>3415.</span>
-<span class="i0">Beil, Commodore C. H., <b>S.</b>2121.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bennett, &mdash;, <b>S.</b>2256.</span>
-<span class="i0">Blodgett, Lieut. G. M., <b>S.</b>2201.</span>
-<span class="i0">Boggs, Capt. C. S., <b>S.</b>3764.</span>
-<span class="i0">Breese, Commodore S. L., <b>S.</b>1610.</span>
-<span class="i0">Bullus, Capt. O., <b>S.</b>1632.</span>
-<span class="i0">Campbell, Acting Ass&#39;t Surg., <b>S.</b>2204.</span>
-<span class="i0">Collins, Commander N., <b>S.</b>1930.</span>
-<span class="i0">Conroy, Acting Lieut.-Commander E., <b>S.</b>1657.</span>
-<span class="i0">Cushing, Lieut.-Commander W. B., <b>S.</b>1864.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dahlgren, Rear Admiral J. A., <b>S.</b>1862, <b>S.</b>3416, <b>S.</b>3417, <b>S.</b>3418.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dahlgren, Rear Admiral J. A. and staff, <b>S.</b>3413.</span>
-<span class="i0">Davis, Rear Admiral C. H., <b>C.</b>4743.</span>
-<span class="i0">De Kraftt, Lieut.-Commander J. C. P., <b>C.</b>5143.</span>
-<span class="i0">Drayton, Capt. P., <b>C.</b>5112.</span>
-<span class="i0">Dupont, Rear Admiral S. F., <b>C.</b>4636.</span>
-<span class="i0">Erben, Lieut.-Commander H., <b>C.</b>4637.</span>
-<span class="i0">Farragut, Rear Admiral D. G., <b>S.</b>1561.</span>
-<span class="i0">Faunce, Capt. J. (Revenue Marine), <b>S.</b>2134.</span>
-<span class="i0">Foote, Rear Admiral A. H., <b>S.</b>1600.</span>
-<span class="i0">Freeman, Acting Master, <b>S.</b>2202.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gibson, Purser J. D., <b>C.</b>4803.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gilliss, Capt. J. P., <b>C.</b>4809.</span>
-<span class="i0">Glisson, Capt. O. S., <b>C.</b>4808.</span>
-<span class="i0">Goldsborough, Capt. J. R., <b>S.</b>2119.</span>
-<span class="i0">Goldsborough, Rear Admiral L. M., <b>C.</b>4744.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gregory, Rear Admiral F. H., <b>S.</b>1812.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gregory, Ass&#39;t Engineer H. P., <b>S.</b>1690.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gregory, Acting Master S. B., <b>S.</b>2003.</span>
-<span class="i0">Gwin, Lieut.-Commander W., <b>S.</b>1408.</span>
-<span class="i0">Harwood, Commodore A. A., <b>C.</b>4801.</span>
-<span class="i0">Haxtun, Lieut.-Commander M., <b>S.</b>2235.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hoff, Commodore H. K., <b>C.</b>5113.</span>
-<span class="i0">Howard, &mdash;, <b>S.</b>1603.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hughes, Commander A. K., <b>S.</b>2247.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hughes, Acting Ensign J. F., <b>S.</b>2166.</span>
-<span class="i0">Hull, Commodore J. B., <b>S.</b>1636.</span>
-<span class="i0">Isherwood, Engineer-in-chief B. F., <b>S.</b>1890.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jenkins, Capt. T. A., <b>C.</b>4633.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jeffers, Lieut.-Commander W. N., <b>S.</b>492.</span>
-<span class="i0">Jones, Surg. S. J., <b>S.</b>3860.</span>
-<span class="i0">Kershner, Ass&#39;t Surg. E., <b>S.</b>3810.</span>
-<span class="i0">King, Chief Engineer J. W., <b>C.</b>4811.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lanman, Commodore J., <b>C.</b>5186.</span>
-<span class="i0">Lardner, Commodore J. L., <b>C.</b>4807.</span>
-<span class="i0">Law, Lieut-Commander R. L., <b>C.</b>4582.</span>
-<span class="i0">Levy, Capt. U. P., <b>C.</b>4745.</span>
-<span class="i0">Livingstone, Commodore J. W., <b>S.</b>2068.</span>
-<span class="i0">Luce, Lieut.-Commander S. B., <b>C.</b>5075.</span>
-<span class="i0">Meade, Capt, R. W., <b>S.</b>1056.</span>
-<span class="i0">Meade, Lieut.-Commander R. W., <b>S.</b>1579.</span>
-<span class="i0">Montgomery. Commodore J. B., <b>S.</b>2078.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morris, Lieut.-Commander G. U., <b>S.</b>1826.</span>
-<span class="i0">Morris, Commodore H. W., <b>S.</b>1328.</span>
-<span class="i0">Nichols, Capt. Sylvester, <b>S.</b>1701.</span>
-<span class="i0">Nichols, Lieut. S. W., <b>S.</b>3857.</span>
-<span class="i0">Nones, Capt. H. B. (Revenue Marine), <b>S.</b>1545.</span>
-<span class="i0">Palmer, Commodore J. S., <b>S.</b>1571.</span>
-<span class="i0">Parker, <b>S.</b>2240.</span>
-<span class="i0">Parker, Lieut.-Commander James, <b>C.</b>5203.</span>
-<span class="i0">Pattison, Lieut.-Commander T., <b>S.</b>3184.</span>
-<span class="i0">Paulding, Rear Admiral H., <b>S.</b>1324.</span>
-<span class="i0">Perry, Capt, M. C., <b>S.</b>1317.</span>
-<span class="i0">Porter, Lieut. B. H., <b>S.</b>1893.</span>
-<span class="i0">Porter, Rear Admiral D. D., <b>L.</b>7945, <b>S.</b>1334.</span>
-<span class="i0">Porter, Rear Admiral D. D. and staff, <b>L.</b>7227, <b>L.</b>7244, <b>L.</b>7541.</span>
-<span class="i0">Porter, Acting Master W., <b>S.</b>1940.</span>
-<span class="i0">Porter, Commodore W. D., <b>S.</b>2242.</span>
-<span class="i0">Powell, Commodore L. M., <b>C.</b>4631.</span>
-<span class="i0">Preston, Lieut. S. W., <b>S.</b>3836.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ransom, Commander G. M., <b>C.</b>4802.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ridgely, Capt. D. B., <b>C.</b>4806.</span>
-<span class="i0">Riell, Lieut. R. B., <b>S.</b>1689.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ringgold, Commodore C., <b>S.</b>1407.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rodgers, Commander C. R. P., <b>S.</b>1875, <b>S.</b>3803.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rodgers, Commodore J., <b>S.</b>1936.</span>
-<span class="i0">Rowan, Commodore S. C., <b>S.</b>1766.</span>
-<span class="i0">Salstonstall, Acting Lieut.-Commander W. G., <b>S.</b>2259.</span>
-<span class="i0">Schoonmaker, Lieut. C. M., <b>S.</b>3415.</span>
-<span class="i0">Shubrick, Rear Admiral W. B., <b>S.</b>1598.</span>
-<span class="i0">Shufeldt, Commander R. W., <b>C.</b>4632.</span>
-<span class="i0">Skerrett, Lieut.-Commander J. S., <b>C.</b>4583.</span>
-<span class="i0">Smith, Commander A. N., <b>S.</b>1822.</span>
-<span class="i0">Smith, Rear Admiral J., <b>S.</b>2176.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stewart, Rear Admiral C., <b>S.</b>1332.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stockwell, Midshipman N. P., <b>S.</b>1370.</span>
-<span class="i0">Storer, Rear Admiral G. W., <b>S.</b>1774.</span>
-<span class="i0">Stringham, Rear Admiral S. H., <b>S.</b>1768.</span>
-<span class="i0">Thatcher, Commodore H. K., <b>C.</b>5187.</span>
-<span class="i0">Trenchard, Commander S. D., <b>S.</b>3865.</span>
-<span class="i0">Van Brunt, Commodore G., <b>S.</b>3085.</span>
-<span class="i0">Walke, Capt, H., <b>S.</b>1576.</span>
-<span class="i0">Ward, Commander J. H., <b>S.</b>2004.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wheelwright, Surg. C. W., <b>S.</b>2258.</span>
-<span class="i0">Whelan, Surg. W., <b>S.</b>5205.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wilkes, Commodore C., <b>C.</b>4656.</span>
-<span class="i0">Winslow, Commodore J. A., <b>S.</b>1788.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wise, Commander H. A., <b>S.</b>1844.</span>
-<span class="i0">Worden, Capt, J. L., <b>C.</b>4634.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wright, <b>S.</b>1587.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wyatt, 1st Ass&#39;t Engineer S. C., <b>S.</b>1550.</span>
-<span class="i0">Wyman, Commander R. H., <b>S.</b>1994.</span>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="indent">There are several thousand negatives in the vaults that have not yet been
-catalogued. No negative is registered until its authenticity is proved
-beyond a doubt. The testimony of hundreds of veterans is secured in
-many instances before the locality of the negative is established. The
-warriors who participated in these scenes are fast passing away and the work of
-identification is progressing as rapidly as absolute accuracy will allow. At the
-National Encampment at Saratoga hundreds of &quot;unknown&quot; negatives were identified
-by soldiers who saw them taken and offered their affidavits. Requests have
-been received from Grand Army Posts for enlargements of the rare photographs
-of Lincoln in the tent with McClellan at Antietam, of the Armies in Camp, and
-other views, the existence of which has been hitherto unknown. Mr. Eaton
-authorizes the enlargement of any negative for this purpose, providing that it is
-to be treasured in the hall of a Grand Army Post. All requests must be sent
-direct, accompanied by references, and no enlargement will be allowed until it
-bears the written signature of Edward B. Eaton, Hartford, Connecticut.</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<p class="cnobmargin">DEDICATED</p>
-<p class="cnomargins">TO THE</p>
-<p class="cnotmargin">AMERICAN SOLDIER</p>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<div class="image-center">
-<img src="images/i215.jpg" width="521" height="700"
-alt="ALBUM OF
-Civil War Photographs
-from the famous collection of 7,000 photographic negatives
-made by MATHEW BRADY and ALEXANDER GARDNER.
-TAKES THE VETERAN
-BACK TO THE BATTLEFIELDS
-AS IN A PERSONALLY CONDUCTED TOUR
-
-Tourists travel hundreds of miles and spend hundreds of dollars to look
-upon the sites of the famous battlefields of the Civil War, and then
-they see the situation only as it appears today, and not as it was when
-the famous events were being enacted. How many a veteran would rejoice
-to go back once more to those localities where the roar of cannon and
-musketry resounded in his ears over forty years ago. =This= Album makes
-this well nigh possible, and these famous photographs take the
-precedence of a visit today since along with the natural localities one
-sees the great actors, the President and the armies as they moved over
-these localities. The whole action and movement live once again before
-the eye, making the situation
-
-AS REAL AS THOUGH THE WAR HAD ONLY JUST ENDED
-
-Hundreds of letters of strong commendation from military and educational
-authorities have been received, which are of convincing importance to
-all who have any interest in the history of the great Civil strife, as
-the following
-
-POWERFUL TESTIMONY CONCLUSIVELY PROVES
-
-J. W. Cheney, Librarian, War Department, Washington, says: &quot;Your
-magnificent album of Civil War photographs is to me both a surprise and
-a delight. I am pleased to know that this superb volume has been added
-to the available literature of the War for the Union. I congratulate you
-on the successful accomplishment of a work that cannot be overestimated
-by appreciative students of American History.&quot;
-
-Edward S. Holden, Librarian West Point Military Academy, says: &quot;Your
-publication 'Original Photographs taken on the battlefields during the
-Civil War of the U. S.,' is an original document of the first
-importance. I beg to congratulate you on this publication which will
-have a very large usefulness, and to hope that you will print other
-volumes of the sort.&quot;
-
-Admiral George Dewey says: &quot;I believe it will commend itself not only to
-all Veterans of the Country, but also to all students of the history of
-our Civil War.&quot;
-
-Bishop Samuel R. Fallows says: &quot;The superb work of 'Original Photographs
-taken on the battlefields during the Civil War' should be in the
-possession of every Grand Army Post and of every Grand Army Comrade who
-can afford to take it. If I possessed the means, every Comrade who could
-not spare the money to purchase it, should have a copy.&quot;
-
-Corporal Tanner says: &quot;The volume instantly commanded my most undivided
-attention. Why, it is like rolling back the scroll forty-five years. In
-every respect, as to faithfulness and fineness of execution, I heartily
-endorse the publication.&quot;
-
-OVER TWO HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS
-SHOWING JUST HOW THINGS LOOKED &quot;AT THE FRONT&quot;
-THE MOST VIVID AND REALISTIC WAR VOLUME EVER PUBLISHED
-Price, $2.50
-The National Tribune One Year and the Album of Civil War
-Photographs, Both Postpaid, $3
-ADDRESS THE NATIONAL TRIBUNE, WASHINGTON, D. C.
-
-Order Blank to be used when Book alone is wanted.
-THE NATIONAL TRIBUNE, Washington, D. C.:
-Inclosed find $2.50 for &quot;Album of Civil War Photographs.&quot;
-Name ...................................................
-P. O. ..................................................
-State ..................................................
-
-Order Blank for Book and The National Tribune.
-THE NATIONAL TRIBUNE, Washington, D. C.:
-Inclosed find $3.00 for one year's subscription to The National Tribune
-and &quot;Album of Civil War Photographs.&quot; Both are to be sent postpaid.
-Name ...................................................
-P. O. ..................................................
-State .................................................."
-/>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<div class="image-center" style="max-width: 700px;">
-<a href="images/i216.jpg">
-<img class="border" src="images/i216t.jpg" width="327" height="400" alt="" />
-</a>
-<div class="caption">
-<p class="center">THE REMARKABLE PHOTOGRAPH WAS TAKEN AT ANTIETAM IN OCTOBER, 1862, AND SHOWS PRESIDENT
-LINCOLN IN CENTER, MAJ. ALLAN PINKERTON ON LEFT AND GEN. JOHN A. McCLERNAND ON
-RIGHT.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="hr2" />
-
-<div class="tnote">
-<h2>Transcriber Notes:</h2>
-
-<p class="indent">Passages in italics were indicated by _underscores_.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Passages in bold were indicated by =equal signs=.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Small caps were replaced with ALL CAPS.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Throughout the document, the &oelig; ligature was replaced with &quot;oe&quot;.</p>
-
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-paragraphs and so that they are next to the text they illustrate.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">Errors in punctuation and inconsistent hyphenation were not corrected
-unless otherwise noted.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">On page 5, a period was added after &quot;little or no benefit.&quot;</p>
-
-<p class="indent">On page 9, &quot;vistage&quot; was replaced with &quot;vestige&quot;.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">On page 35, the images overlapped in a manner so that part the lower-left corner of the first image was not shown. The missing parts was reconstructed in the HTML version.</p>
-
-<p class="indent">On page 42, &quot;Henry Wager Halleck. who&quot; was replaced with &quot;Henry Wager
-Halleck, who&quot;.</p>
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-
-<p class="indent">On page 120, a period was placed after &quot;Y&quot; in &quot;Babcock, Lieut. C. B.,
-7th N. Y S. M.&quot;.</p>
-
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-
-<p class="indent">On page 120, a period was placed after &quot;C.4497&quot;.</p>
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-
-<p class="indent">On the penultimate page, &quot;Natonal&quot; was replaced with &quot;National.&quot;</p>
-</div>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-
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-Battlefields during the Civil War of the United States, by Mathew B. Brady and Alexander Gardner
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Original Photographs Taken on the
-Battlefields during the Civil War of the United States, by Mathew B. Brady and Alexander Gardner
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
-almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
-re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
-with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
-
-
-Title: Original Photographs Taken on the Battlefields during the Civil War of the United States
-
-Author: Mathew B. Brady
-        Alexander Gardner
-
-Release Date: October 10, 2013 [EBook #43922]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: ASCII
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ORIGINAL PHOTOS--CIVIL WAR BATTLEFIELDS ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by David Edwards, Ernest Schaal, and the Online
-Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
-file was produced from images generously made available
-by The Internet Archive)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-                          Original Photographs
-
-                              Taken on the
-                              BATTLEFIELDS
-                               During the
-
-                     Civil War of the United States
-
-                By Mathew B. Brady and Alexander Gardner
-     Who operated under the Authority of the War Department and the
-                    Protection of the Secret Service
-
-    Rare Reproductions from Photographs Selected from Seven Thousand
-      Original Negatives Taken under Most Hazardous Conditions in
-         the Midst of One of the Most Terrific Conflicts of Men
-           that the World Has Ever Known, and in the Earliest
-           Days of Photography--These Negatives Have Been in
-              Storage Vaults for More than Forty Years and
-                              are now the
-
-               Private Collection of Edward Bailey Eaton
-
-                           Valued at $150,000
-
-            FIRST PRESENTATION FROM THIS HISTORIC COLLECTION
-                    MADE OFFICIALLY AND EXCLUSIVELY
-                              BY THE OWNER
-
-                         Hartford, Connecticut
-                                  1907
-
-
-
-
-                     COPYRIGHT 1907 BY E. B. EATON
-
-                  COPIES OF THIS ALBUM MAY BE OBTAINED
-                  BY A REMITTANCE OF THREE DOLLARS TO
-                            EDWARD B. EATON
-                         HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT
-                               PUBLISHER
-
-
-
-
-                    Martyrs on Altar of Civilization
-
-                                   BY
-                        FRANCIS TREVELYAN MILLER
-               EDITOR OF THE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY
-
-
-[Illustration: MATHEW BRADY, FIRST WAR PHOTOGRAPHER IN AMERICA
-
-He followed the Armies during the Civil War and secured these remarkable
-Negatives--In conference with Major-General Burnside at the Headquarters
-of the Army of the Potomac near Richmond, Virginia--Brady occupies the
-chair directly in front of the tree while General Burnside is reading a
-newspaper--This picture was found among his negatives]
-
-
-THIS is undoubtedly the most valuable collection of historic photographs
-in America. It is believed to be the first time that the camera was used
-so extensively and practically on the battle-field. It is the first
-known collection of its size on the Western Continent and it is the only
-witness of the scenes enacted during the greatest crisis in the annals
-of the American nation. As a contribution to history it occupies a
-position that the higher art of painting, or scholarly research and
-literal description, can never usurp. It records a tragedy that neither
-the imagination of the painter nor the skill of the historian can so
-dramatically relate.
-
-The existence of this collection is unknown by the public at large. Even
-while this book has been in preparation eminent photographers have
-pronounced it impossible, declaring that photography was not
-sufficiently advanced at that period to prove of such practical use in
-War. Distinguished veterans of the Civil War have informed me that they
-knew positively that there were no cameras in the wake of the army. This
-incredulity of men in a position to know the truth enhances the value of
-the collection inasmuch that its genuineness is officially proven by the
-testimony of those who saw the pictures taken, by the personal statement
-of the man who took them, and by the Government Records. For forty-two
-years the original negatives have been in storage, secreted from public
-view, except as an occasional proof is drawn for some special use. How
-these negatives came to be taken under most hazardous conditions in the
-storm and stress of a War that threatened to change the entire history
-of the world is itself an interesting historical incident. Moreover, it
-is one of the tragedies of genius.
-
-While the clouds were gathering, which finally broke into the Civil War
-in the United States, there died in London one named Scott-Archer, a man
-who had found one of the great factors in civilization, but died poor
-and before his time because he had overstrained his powers in the cause
-of science. It was necessary to raise a subscription for his widow, and
-the government settled upon the children a pension of fifty pounds per
-annum on the ground that their father was "the discoverer of a
-scientific process of great value to the nation, from which the inventor
-had reaped little or no benefit."
-
-This was in 1857, and four years later, when the American Republic
-became rent by a conflict of brother against brother, Mathew B. Brady of
-Washington and New York, asked the permission of the Government and the
-protection of the Secret Service to demonstrate the practicability of
-Scott-Archer's discovery in the severest test that the invention had
-ever been given. Brady was an artist by temperament and gained his
-technical knowledge of portraiture in the rendezvous of Paris. He had
-been interested in the discoveries of Niepce and Daguerre and Fox-Talbot
-along the crude lines of photography but with the introduction of the
-collodion process of Scott-Archer he accepted the science as a
-profession and, during twenty-five years of labor as a pioneer
-photographer, took the likenesses of the political celebrities of the
-epoch and of eminent men and women throughout the country.
-
-Brady's request was granted and he invested heavily in cameras which
-were made specially for the hard usage of warfare. These cameras were
-cumbersome and were operated by what is known as the old wet-plate
-process, requiring a dark room which was carried with them onto the
-battle-fields. The experimental operations under Brady proved so
-successful that they attracted the immediate attention of President
-Lincoln, General Grant and Allan Pinkerton, known as Major Allen and
-chief of the Secret Service. Equipments were hurried to all divisions of
-the great army and some of them found their way into the Confederate
-ranks.
-
-
-
-
-"THE black art," by which Brady secured these photographs, was as
-mystifying as the work of a magician. It required a knowledge of
-chemistry and, considering the difficulties, one wonders how Brady had
-courage to undertake it on the battle-field. He first immersed eighty
-grains of cotton-wool in a mixture of one ounce each of nitric and
-sulphuric acids for fifteen seconds, washing them in running water. The
-pyroxylin was dissolved in a mixture of equal parts of sulphuric ether
-and absolute alcohol. This solution gave him the ordinary collodion to
-which he added iodide of potassium and a little potassium bromide. He
-then poured the iodized collodion on a clean piece of sheet glass and
-allowed two or three minutes for the film to set. The coated plate was
-taken into a "dark room," which Brady carried with him, and immersed for
-about a minute in a bath of thirty grains of silver nitrate to every
-ounce of water. The plate was now sensitive to white light and must be
-placed immediately in the camera and exposed and developed within five
-minutes to get good results, especially in the South during the summer
-months. It was returned to the dark room at once and developed by
-pouring over it a mixture of water, one ounce; acetic acid, one dram;
-pyrogallic acid, three grains, and "fixed" by soaking in a strong
-solution of hyposulphite of soda or cyanide of potassium. This
-photograph shows Brady's "dark room" in the Confederate lines southeast
-of Atlanta, Georgia, shortly before the battle of July 22, 1864. It is a
-fine example of wet-plate photography.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-THE secret never has been divulged. How Mr. Brady gained the confidence
-of such men as Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee, and was passed
-through the Confederate lines, may never be known. It is certain that he
-never betrayed the confidence reposed in him and that the negatives were
-not used for secret service information, and this despite the fact, that
-Allan Pinkerton and the Artist Brady were intimate. Neither of these men
-had any idea of the years which the conflict was to rage and Mr. Brady
-expended all his available funds upon paraphernalia. The government was
-strained to its utmost resources in keeping its defenders in food and
-ammunition. It was not concerned in the development of a new science nor
-the preservation of historical record. It faced a mighty foe of its own
-blood. It must either fall or rise in a decisive blow.
-
-It was indeed a sorry time for an aesthete. Mr. Brady was unable to
-secure money. His only recourse was credit. This he secured from
-Anthony, who was importing photographic materials into America and was a
-founder of the trade on this continent. The next obstacle was the
-securing of men competent to operate a camera. Nearly every able-bodied
-man was engaged in warfare. The science was new and required a knowledge
-of chemistry. Brady was a man of speculative disposition and plunged
-into the apparently impossible undertaking of preserving on glass the
-scenes of action during one of the most tremendous conflicts that the
-world has known. Pressing toward the firing-line, planting his camera on
-the field almost before the smoke of artillery and musket had cleared,
-he came out of the War with his thousands of negatives, perpetuating
-scenes that human eyes never expected to look upon again. There can be
-but very few important movements that failed to become imprinted on
-these glass records.
-
-
-[Illustration: FIRST CAMERAS EVER USED ON THE BATTLEFIELD
-
-One of Brady's Photograph Wagons in the wake of the Army at Manassas on
-the Fourth of July, in 1862--These mysterious canvas-covered wagons,
-traveling under the protection of the Secret Service, aroused the
-curiosity of the soldiers whose frequent queries "What is it?" soon
-earned for them the epithet of the "What is it?" wagon--Found among
-Brady's negatives]
-
-
-With the close of the War, Brady was in the direst financial straits. He
-had spent every dollar of the money accumulated in early portraiture and
-was heavily in debt. Seven thousand of his negatives were sent to New
-York as security for Anthony, his largest creditor. The remaining six
-thousand negatives were placed in a warehouse in Washington. Brady then
-began negotiations for replenishing his funds by disposing of the
-property. He exhibited proofs of his negatives in galleries of the New
-York Historical Society the year following the cessation of the
-conflict. On the twenty-ninth of January of that same year, 1866, the
-Council of the National Academy of Design adopted a resolution in which
-it acknowledged the value of the Brady collection as a reliable
-authority for art and an important contribution to American history. It
-indorsed the proposal to place the collection permanently with the New
-York Historical Society. General Ulysses S. Grant had been much
-interested in the work of Brady on the battlefield, and in a letter
-written on February third, 1866, spoke of it as "a collection of
-photographic views of battlefields taken on the spot, while the
-occurrences represented were taking place." General Grant added: "I knew
-when many of these representations were being taken and I can say that
-the scenes are not only spirited and correct, but also well-chosen. The
-collection will be valuable to the student and artist of the present
-generation, but _how much more valuable it will be to future
-generations_?"
-
-These were days of reconstruction. It was almost impossible to interest
-men in matters not pertaining to the re-establishment of Commerce and
-Trade. Brady had spent twenty-five years in collecting the portraits of
-distinguished personages and endeavored to dispose of these to the
-Government. The joint committee on libraries, on March third, 1871,
-recommended the purchase of some two thousand portraits which they
-called: "A National Collection of Portraits of Eminent Americans." The
-congressmen, however, faced problems too great to allow them to give
-attention to pictorial art and took no final action on the subject. In
-the meantime Brady was unable to meet the bill for storage and the
-negatives in Washington were offered at auction. William W. Belknap, the
-Secretary of War, was advised of the conditions and in July, 1874, he
-paid the storage bill and the negatives fell into possession of the
-Government. The purchase was made at a public auction and the Government
-bid was $2840 from money accumulated by Provost Marshals and turned in
-to the Adjutant-General at the close of the Civil War. The Government
-Records fail to give a list of the negatives made either at the time of
-the purchase or for many subsequent years. The original voucher dated
-July 31st, 1874, is silent as to the number of negatives received by the
-Government.
-
-
-
-
-THIS photograph is selected from the seven thousand negatives left by
-Mathew B. Brady, the celebrated government photographer, as one of the
-most valuable in existence. It seems to be the first instance on the
-Western Continent, and possibly in the world, in which a camera
-successfully imprinted on glass the actual vision of a great army in
-camp. While scenes such as this are engraved on the memories of the
-venerable warriors who participated in the terrific struggle this
-remarkable negative preserves for all ages the magnificent pageant of
-men, who have offered their lives in defense of their country, waiting
-for the call to the battle-line. The photograph was taken on a day in
-the middle of May in 1862 when the Army of the Potomac was encamped at
-Cumberland Landing on the Pamunky River. A hundred thousand men rested
-in this city of tents, in the seclusion of the hills, eager to strike a
-blow for the flag they loved, yet such was the tragic stillness that one
-who recalls it says that absolute quiet reigned throughout the vast
-concourse like the peace of the Sabbath-day. On every side were immense
-fields of wheat, promising an abundant harvest, but trammeled under the
-feet of the encroaching armies. Occasionally the silence was broken by
-the strains of a national song that swept from tent to tent as the men
-smoked and drowsed, fearless of the morrow. The encampment covered many
-square miles and this picture represents but one brigade on the old
-Custis place, near White House, which became the estate of General
-Fitzhugh Lee, the indomitable cavalry leader of the Confederacy and an
-American patriot during the later war with Spain. The original negative,
-although now forty-five years old, has required but slight retouching in
-the background.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-GENERAL JAMES A. GARFIELD was fully acquainted with the conditions under
-which the negatives were taken and the subsequent impoverishment of
-Mathew Brady. He insisted that something should be done for the man who
-risked all he had in the world and through misfortune lost the results
-of his labors. General Benjamin Butler, Congressman from Massachusetts,
-also felt the injustice, and on his motion a paragraph was inserted in
-the Sundry Civil Appropriation Bill for $25,000 "to enable the Secretary
-of War to acquire a full and perfect title to the Brady collection of
-photographs of the War." The business element in Congress was inclined
-to question the material value of the negatives. They were but little
-concerned with the art value and the discussion became a matter of
-business inventory. Generals Garfield and Butler in reply to the
-economists declared: "_The commercial value of the entire collection is
-at least $150,000._" Ten years after the War, but too late to save him a
-vestige of business credit, the Government came to Brady's relief and on
-April 15, 1875, the sum of $25,000 was paid to him. During these years
-of waiting, Brady had been unable to satisfy the demands of his
-creditors and an attachment was placed on the negatives in storage in
-New York. Judgment was rendered to his creditor, Anthony, and the
-negatives became his property.
-
-Army officers who knew of the existence of the negatives urged the
-Government to publish them as a part of the Official Records of the War.
-The Government stated in reply: "The photographic views of the War
-showing the battlefields, military divisions, fortifications, etc., are
-among the most authentic and valuable records of the Rebellion. The
-preservation of these interesting records of the War is too important to
-be intrusted in glass plates so easily destroyed by accident or design
-and no more effective means than printing can be devised to save them
-from destruction." While a few proofs were taken for the purpose of
-official records, the public still remained unacquainted with the scenes
-so graphically preserved. One who is acquainted with the conditions
-says: "From different sources verbal and unofficial, it was learned that
-quite a number of the negatives were broken through careless handling by
-the employees of the War Department." The negatives were transferred to
-the War Records Office and placed under the careful supervision of
-Colonel R. N. Scott.
-
-
-[Illustration: BRADY'S "WHAT IS IT?" IN THE CIVIL WAR
-
-The Photographer's Headquarters at Cold Harbor, Virginia, in 1862, where
-he had taken refuge to prepare his paraphernalia for a long and
-hazardous journey--It was with much difficulty that the delicate glass
-negatives were protected from breakage on these daring rides through
-forests and fields and proofs were taken at the first opportunity that
-offered]
-
-
-Twenty-five years ago, in 1882, Bierstadt, a chemist, informed the
-Government: "The breakableness of the glass and the fugitive character
-of photograph chemicals will in short time obliterate all traces of the
-scenes these represent. Unless they are reproduced in some permanent
-form they will soon be lost." Fifty-two negatives were sent to him and
-he reproduced six of these by a photographic mechanical process. The
-Government, however, decided that the cost was prohibitive, the expense
-of making the prints was seventy-five dollars a thousand and would not
-allow any general circulation.
-
-Honorable John C. Taylor, of Hartford, Connecticut, a veteran of the
-Civil War, believed that the heroes of the conflict should be allowed to
-look upon the scenes in which they participated, and made a thorough
-investigation. Mr. Taylor is now Secretary of the Connecticut Prison
-Association and Past Commander of Post No. 50, Grand Army of the
-Republic. In relating his experiences to me a few days ago he said; "I
-found the seven thousand negatives in New York stored in an old garret.
-Anthony, the creditor, had drawn prints from some of them and I
-purchased all that were in his possession. I also made a deal with him
-to allow me to use the prints exclusively. General Albert Ordway of the
-Loyal Legion became acquainted with the conditions and, with Colonel
-Rand of Boston, he purchased the negatives from Anthony who had a clear
-title through court procedure. I met these gentlemen and contracted to
-continue my arrangement with them for the exclusive use of the prints. I
-finally purchased the Brady negatives from General Ordway and Colonel
-Rand with the intention of bringing them before the eyes of all the old
-soldiers so that they might see that the lens had forever perpetuated
-their struggle for the Union. The Government collection had for nine
-years remained comparatively neglected but through ordinary breakage,
-lax supervision, and disregard of orders, nearly three hundred of their
-negatives were broken or lost. To assist them in securing the prints for
-Government Records I loaned my seven thousand negatives to the Navy
-Department and shipped them to Washington where they were placed in a
-fireproof warehouse at 920 E Street, North West. I did all that was
-possible to facilitate the important work."
-
-
-
-
-THE lens here perpetuates the interesting spectacle of an army wagon
-train being "parked" and guarded from a raid by the enemy's cavalry.
-With a million of the nation's strongest men abandoning production to
-wage devastation and destruction the problem of providing them with food
-barely sufficient to sustain life was an almost incalculable enigma. The
-able-bodied men of the North and the South had turned from the fields
-and factories to maintain what both conscientiously believed to be their
-rights. Harvests were left to the elements and the wheels of industry
-fell into silence. The good women and children at home, aided by men
-willing but unable to meet the hardships and exposures of warfare,
-worked heroically to hold their families together and to send to their
-dear ones at the battle-front whatever comforts came within their humble
-power. The supply trains of the great armies numbered thousands of
-six-mule teams and when on the march they would stretch out for many
-miles. It was in May, in 1863, that one of these wagon trains safely
-reached Brandy Station, Virginia. Its journey had been one of imminent
-danger as both armies were in dire need of provisions and the capture of
-a wagon train was as good fortune as victory in a skirmish. To protect
-this train from a desperate dash of the Confederate cavalry it was
-"parked" on the outskirts of a forest that protected it from envious
-eyes and guarded by the Union lines. One of Mr. Brady's cameras took
-this photograph during this critical moment. It shows but one division
-of one corps. As there were three divisions in each corps, and there
-were many corps in the army, some idea of the immense size of the trains
-may be gained by this view. The train succeeded in reaching its
-destination at a time of much need.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-ENDEAVORS to reveal these negatives have been futile as far as rank and
-file of the army and the public at large are concerned. The Government,
-as the years passed, became impressed with the value of this wonderful
-record, but has now officially stated with positive finality: "It is
-evident that these invaluable negatives are rapidly disappearing and in
-order to insure their preservation it is ordered that hereafter
-negatives shall not be loaned to private parties for exploitation or to
-subserve private interest in any manner."
-
-The genius Brady, in possession of $25,000, which, came from the
-Government too late to save his property, entirely lost track of his
-collection. Misfortune seemed to follow him and his Government money was
-soon exhausted. In speaking of him a few days ago, John N. Stewart, Past
-Vice Commander of the Department of Illinois, Grand Army of the
-Republic, told me: "I was with the Army of the Potomac as telegraph
-operator. I knew that views of battlefields were taken by men with a
-cumbersome outfit as compared with the modern field photographer. I have
-often wondered what became of their product. I saw Mr. Brady in
-Washington, shortly before his death, and I made inquiry of him as to
-the whereabouts of his war scenes. I asked him if the negatives were
-still in existence and where proofs could be procured. He replied: '_I
-do not know!_' The vast collection must possess great value and be of
-remarkable historical interest at this late date."
-
-
-[Illustration: BRADY ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF GETTYSBURG IN JULY 1863--The
-smoke of the terrific conflict had hardly cleared away when Brady's
-"What is it" wagon rolled onto the bloody "wheat field"--This picture
-shows Brady looking toward McPherson's woods on the left of the
-Chambersburg Pike at the point near which the Battle of Gettysburg
-began]
-
-
-In talking with Mr. Taylor, in his office at the State Capitol at
-Hartford, Connecticut, recently he recalled his acquaintance with Brady,
-and said: "I met him frequently. He was a man of artistic appearance and
-of very slight physique. I should judge that he was about five feet, six
-inches tall. He generally wore a broad-brimmed hat similar to those worn
-by the art students in Paris. His hair was long and bushy. The last time
-I met him was about twenty-five years after the War and he appeared to
-be a man of about sixty-five years of age. Despite his financial
-reverses he was still true to his love for art. I told him that I owned
-seven thousand of his negatives and he seemed to be pleased. He became
-reminiscent and among the things that he told me I especially remember
-these words: 'No one will ever know what I went through in securing
-those negatives. The world can never appreciate it. It changed the whole
-course of my life. By persistence and all the political influence that I
-could control I finally secured permission from Stanton, the Secretary
-of War, to go onto the battlefields with my cameras. Some of those
-negatives nearly cost me my life.'" Mr. Brady told Mr. Taylor of his
-difficulty in finding men to operate his cameras.
-
-
-
-
-"PINKERTON" is a name associated with the discovery of crime the world
-over. It is a word shrouded in mystery and through it works one of the
-most subtle forces on the face of the earth to-day. Sixty-five years ago
-an unassuming man fled from Scotland to America. It was charged against
-him that he was a chartist. Eight years later he was in Chicago
-established in the detection of crime. While the distant rumbles of a
-Civil War were warning the nation, he went to Washington and became
-closely attached to President Lincoln. When a plot was organized to
-assassinate Lincoln in his first days of the presidency, this strange
-man discovered the murderous compact. It was he who, in 1861, hurriedly
-organized the Secret Service of the National Army and forestalled
-conspiracies that threatened to overthrow the Republic. In speaking of
-himself he once said: "Now that it is all over I am tempted to reveal
-the secret. I have had many intimate friends in the army and in the
-government. They all know Major E. J. Allen, but many of them will never
-know that their friend, Major Allen and Allan Pinkerton, are one and the
-same person." To those who knew Major Allen this picture is dedicated.
-It reveals Allan Pinkerton divested of all mystery, father of the great
-system that has literally drawn a net around the world into which all
-fugitive wrongdoers must eventually fall. Under the guise of Major
-Allen, chief of the Secret Service in the Civil War, he was passing
-through the camp at Antietam one September day in 1862. He was riding
-his favorite horse and carelessly smoking a cigar when one of Mr.
-Brady's men called to him to halt a moment while he took this picture.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-BRADY said he always made two exposures of the same scene, sometimes
-with a shift of the camera which gave a slight change in the same
-general view. He related several interesting incidents of his early
-experiences in photography in America. It is generally conceded that Mr.
-Brady should be recognized as one of the great figures of the epoch in
-which he worked.
-
-It is here my duty to record an unfortunate incident that is not unusual
-in the annals of art and literature. Brady's life, which seems to have
-been burdened with more ill luck than the ordinary lot of man, found
-little relief in its venerable years. Misfortune followed him to the
-very threshold of his last hour. He died about eight years ago in New
-York, with a few staunch friends, but without money, and without public
-recognition for his services to mankind. Since Brady's death some of
-those who knew and esteemed him have been interested in making a last
-endeavor to bring his work before the world. Mr. Taylor has worked
-unceasingly to accomplish this result. The late Daniel S. Lamont,
-Secretary of War in President Cleveland's Cabinet, was much interested.
-Brigadier-General A. W. Greeley, in supervisory charge of the Government
-collection, said: "This collection cost the United States originally the
-sum of $27,840, and it is a matter of general regret that these
-invaluable reproductions of scenes and faces connected with the late
-civil conflict should remain inaccessible to the general public. The
-features of most of the permanent actors connected with the War for the
-Union have been preserved in these negatives, where also are portrayed
-certain physical aspects of the War that are of interest and of historic
-value ... graphic representations of the greatest of American, if not of
-all, wars."
-
-
-[Illustration: SECRET SERVICE GUIDE DIRECTING BRADY TO SCENE OF
-ACTION--Pointing toward the edge of the woods where General Reynolds was
-killed at Gettysburg in July, 1863--Brady carried his cameras onto this
-field]
-
-
-The Government, however, has stated positively that their negatives must
-not be exploited for commercial purposes. They are the historic
-treasures of the whole people and the Government has justly refused to
-establish a dangerous system of "special privilege" by granting
-permission for publication to individuals. As the property of the people
-the Government negatives are held in sacred trust.
-
-Mr. Edward B. Eaton, the first president of the Connecticut Magazine,
-one of the leading historical publications in this country, became
-interested in the historical significance of the Brady collection and
-conferred with the War Department at Washington about the Brady
-negatives. He found that the only possible way to bring the scenes
-before the public was through the private collection which not only
-includes practically all of the six thousand Government negatives but is
-supplemented by a thousand negatives not in the Government collection.
-
-Mr. Johann Olsen of Hartford, who was one of the first operators of the
-old wet-plate process used by Brady, personally examined many of the
-negatives in storage in Washington and stated that some action should be
-taken immediately. He says: "Many of the negatives are undergoing
-chemical action which will soon destroy them. Others are in a remarkable
-state of preservation. I have found among them some of the finest
-specimens of photography that this country has ever seen. The modern
-development of the art is placed at a disadvantage when compared with
-some of these wonderful negatives. I do not believe that General
-Garfield overestimated their value when he said they were worth
-$150,000. I do not believe that their value to American History can be
-estimated in dollars. I was personally acquainted with one of Brady's
-men at the time these pictures were taken and I know something of the
-tremendous difficulties in securing them." A few months ago Mr. Eaton
-secured a clear title to the seven thousand Brady negatives owned by Mr.
-Taylor with a full understanding that he would immediately place the
-scenes before the public. The delicate glass plates were fully protected
-and removed from Washington to Hartford, where they are today in storage
-in a fire-proof vault.
-
-
-
-
-THIS is conceded to be the most characteristic photograph of Lincoln
-ever taken. It shows him on the battle-field, towering head and
-shoulders above his army officers. It is said that Lincoln once sent for
-this photograph and after looking at it for several minutes he remarked
-that it was the best full-length picture that the camera had ever
-"perpetrated." The original negative is in a good state of preservation.
-The greater significance of this picture, however, is the incident which
-it perpetuates. There had been unfortunate differences between the
-government and the Army of the Potomac. The future of the Union cause
-looked dark. A critical state of the disorder had been reached; collapse
-seemed imminent. On the first day of October, in 1862, President Lincoln
-went to the headquarters of the Army of the Potomac and traversed the
-scenes of action, walking over the battlefields of South Mountain,
-Crampton's Gap, and Antietam with General McClellan. As Lincoln was
-bidding good-bye to McClellan and a group of officers at Antietam on
-October 4, 1862, this photograph was taken. Two days later Lincoln
-ordered McClellan to cross the Potomac and give battle to the enemy.
-Misunderstandings followed, and on the fifth of November, President
-Lincoln, with his own hand, wrote the historic order that deposed the
-beloved commander of the Potomac, and started controversies which are
-still renewed and vigorously argued by army officers and historians. It
-is one of the sad incidents of the passing of a hero, who had endeared
-himself to his men as have few generals in the annals of war.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-MODERN photographers have experienced some difficulty in securing proofs
-from the collodion negatives, due both to the years that the negatives
-have been neglected and their inexperience with the peculiar wet-plate
-process. Mr. Olsen is still working over them and has succeeded in
-stopping the chemical action that threatened to destroy many of them.
-Six thousand of the negatives are pronounced to be in as good condition
-today as on the day they were taken, nearly a half-century ago.
-Accompanying the collection is found an occasional negative that seems
-to have been made by Alexander Gardner or Samuel Cooley. Gardner was one
-of the photographers employed by Brady, but he later left him and
-entered into competition. Cooley was an early photographer who conceived
-a plan similar to Brady's, but operated on a very limited scale. Most of
-his negatives were taken in South Carolina.
-
-From this remarkable collection, witnessing the darkest days on the
-American continent and the first days of modern American photography,
-the prints are selected for these pages and are here dedicated to the
-American People. Until recent years there has been no mechanical process
-by which these negatives could be reproduced for general observation.
-The negatives are here accurately presented from the originals, by the
-modern half-tone process with only the slightest retouching where
-chemical action has made it absolutely necessary.
-
-In selecting these prints it has been the desire of the editor to
-present, as nearly as possible, a chronological pictorial record of the
-Civil War in the United States. At strategic points where the large
-cameras could not be drawn into the conflict, Brady used a smaller and
-lighter camera that allowed him to get very close to the field of
-action. Many of the most critical moments in the long siege are embodied
-in these small negatives. They link the larger pictures into one strong
-chain of indisputable evidence. It would require forty volumes to
-present the entire collection. This book can be but a kaleidoscopic
-vision of the great conflict. Thousands of remarkable scenes must for
-the present, at least remain unveiled. That the public may know just
-what these negatives conceal, a partial record has been compiled in the
-closing pages of this volume.
-
-
-    It has been estimated that since the beginning of authentic
-    history war has destroyed fifteen billions of human lives. I
-    have seen the estimate put at twice that number. The estimated
-    loss of life by war in the past century is fourteen millions.
-    Napoleon's campaigns of twenty years cost Europe six millions of
-    lives.
-
-    The Crimean War                             1854         750,000
-    The Italian War                             1859          63,000
-    Our Civil War, North and South
-        (killed and died in other ways)                    1,000,000
-    The Prussian-Austrian War                   1866          45,000
-    The expeditions to Mexico,
-        China, Morocco, etc                                   65,000
-    The Franco-German War                       1870         250,000
-    The Russo-Turkish War                       1877         225,000
-    The Zulu and Afghan Wars                    1879          40,000
-    The Chinese-Japanese War                    1894          10,000
-    The Spanish-American War                                   5,000
-    The Philippine War                  1899   { Americans     5,000
-                                               { Filipinos 1,000,000
-    The Boer War        (killed and wounded)   { Boers        25,000
-                                               { British     100,000
-    The Russo-Japanese War                                   450,500
-    These are probably all under the actual facts.
-
-                                          BENJAMIN F. TRUEBLOOD,
-                                   Secretary American Peace Society.
-
-
-The drama here revealed by the lens is one of intense realism. In it one
-can almost hear the beat of the drum and the call of the bugle. It
-throbs with all the passions known to humanity. It brings one face to
-face with the madness of battle, the thrill of victory, the broken heart
-of defeat. There is in it the loyalty of comradeship, the tenderness of
-brotherhood, the pathos of the soldier's last hour; the willingness to
-sacrifice, the fidelity to principle, the love of country.
-
-Far be it from the power of these old negatives to bring back the memory
-of forgotten dissensions or long-gone contentions. Whatever may have
-been the differences that threw a million of America's strongest manhood
-into bloody combat, each one offered his life for what he believed to be
-_the right_. The American People today are more strongly united then
-ever before--North, South, East and West, all are working for the moral,
-the intellectual, the industrial and political upbuilding of Our Beloved
-Land.
-
-The path of Progress has been blazed by fire. Strong men with strong
-purposes have thrown their lives on the altar of civilization that their
-children and their children's children might live and work in the light
-of a new epoch that found its birth in the agonizing throes of human
-sacrifice. From the beginning of all ages the soldier has been, and
-always must be, a _mighty man_.
-
-He who will step deliberately into the demon's jaws to defend a
-principle or to save his country must be among the greatest of men. His
-is the heroic heart to whom the world must look for the dawn of the Age
-of Universal Peace. It is his courageous arm that must force the world
-to halt. The citizenship of the future must be moulded and dominated by
-the men with the willingness to sacrifice for the sake of Justice and
-such men are soldiers, whether it be in War or Peace.
-
-There is a longing in the hearts of men, and especially those who have
-felt the ravages of battle, for the day when there shall be no more War;
-when Force will be dethroned and Reason will rule triumphant. The Great
-Washington, who led the conflict for our National Independence, longed
-for the epoch of Peace. "My first wish," he exclaimed, "is to see this
-plague to mankind banished from the earth."
-
-The mission of these pages is one of Peace--that all may look upon the
-horrors of War and pledge their manhood to "Peace on Earth, Good Will
-toward Men!"
-
-
-
-
-"WAR is hell!" The daring Sherman's familiar truth is here witnessed
-with all its horrors. War _is hell_, and _this is war_! If it were not
-for the service that this negative should do for the great cause of the
-world's Peace, this picture, which has lain in a vault in Washington for
-an epoch, would never be exposed to public view. Its very gruesomeness
-is a plea to men to lay down arms. Its ghastliness is an admonition to
-the coming generations. It is a silent prayer for universal brotherhood.
-The negative was taken after the third day's battle at Gettysburg. The
-din of the batteries had died away. The clash of arms had ceased. The
-tumult of men was hushed. The clouds of smoke had lifted and the morning
-sun engraved on the glass plate this mute witness of the tragedy that
-had made history. It was the nation's holiday--the Fourth of July in
-1863. The camera was taken into the wheat-field near the extreme left of
-the Union line. The heroes had been dead about nineteen hours. It will
-be observed that their bodies are already much bloated by exposure to
-the sun. These men were killed on July 3, 1863, by one discharge of
-"canister" from a Confederate cannon which they were attempting to
-capture. Tin cans were filled with small balls about the size of marbles
-and when the cannon was fired the force of the discharge burst open the
-can, and the shower of canister balls swept everything before it. When
-this photograph was taken a detail had already passed over the field,
-and gathered the guns and accoutrements of the dead and wounded. Shoes,
-cartridge belts and canteens have been removed from these dead heroes as
-it was frequently necessary to appropriate them to relieve the needs of
-the living soldiers. From diamond at extreme right of picture these men
-are identified as belonging to the second division of third army corps.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-IN the conflicts within the lifetime of men now living, more than three
-billions of dollars sterling have been thrown into the cannon's mouth,
-and nearly five millions of human lives have fallen martyrs to the
-battlefield. In the United States of America, a government founded on
-the Brotherhood of Man, the greatest expenditure since the beginning of
-the Republic has been for bloodshed, over six billions for War, nearly
-two billions for navy, and about three and one-half billions for
-pensions--more than eleven billions out of a total of something over
-nineteen billions of dollars. In the last half century the population of
-the world has doubled; its indebtedness, chiefly for war purposes, has
-quadrupled. It was but eight billions fifty years ago; it is thirty-two
-billions today.
-
-America has never been a war-seeking nation. Its one desire has been to
-"live and let live." When once aroused, however, it is the greatest
-fighting force on the face of the globe. It is in this peace-loving land
-that civilization witnessed the most terrible and heart-rending struggle
-that ever befell men of the same blood. "Men speaking the same language,
-living for eighty-four years under the same flag, stood as enemies in
-deadly combat. Brother fighting against brother; father against son;
-mothers praying for their boys--one in the uniform of blue, and the
-other wearing the gray; and churches of the same faith appealing to God,
-each for the other's overthrow."
-
-There were 2,841,906 men and boys sworn into the defence of their
-country during the Civil War in the United States. The extreme youth of
-these patriots is one of the most remarkable records in the annals of
-the world's warfare. The average age of the soldier in the army and navy
-was about nineteen years. Some of them followed the marching armies on
-the impulse of the moment; most of them were enlisted with the consent
-of their parents or guardians. Thousands of them never returned home;
-thousands more came back to the pursuits of Peace and have contributed
-for nearly a half century to the Good Citizenship of the Republic. Today
-they are gray-haired patriarchs. One by one they are stepping from the
-ranks to answer the call to the Greater Army from which no soldier has
-ever returned. This record has been compiled for this volume from an
-authoritative source. The men who re-enlisted are counted twice as there
-is no practical way to estimate the number of individual persons:
-
-    682,117 were over 21 years of age;
-    1,159,789 were 21 years old and under;
-    1,151,438 were 18 years old and under;
-    844,891 were 17 years old and under;
-    231,051 were 16 years old and under;
-    104,987 were 15 years old and under;
-    1,523 were 14 years old and under;
-    300 were 13 years old and under;
-    278 were 12 years old and under.
-
-When the Great Struggle began, the United States was the home of less
-than thirty-two millions of people. Today it has passed eighty millions
-and the peoples from all the nations of the earth are flooding into our
-open gates to the extent of more than a million a year. A new community
-of more than three thousand inhabitants could be founded every day from
-the men, women and children who disembark from the sea of ships charted
-to the American shores. There are among us today more than forty-eight
-millions who have been born here or immigrated into this country since
-the beginning of the Civil War. These people have no personal knowledge
-of it and their information is gathered from the narrations of others.
-These Brady negatives will come as a revelation to them and give a truer
-understanding of the meaning of it all. The good service they may do for
-the nation in this one respect cannot be overestimated.
-
-With thirty-two millions of people aroused by an overpowering impulse
-that dared them to follow the dictates of conscience by pledging their
-loyalty to the states they loved--whether it be under Southern suns or
-Northern snows--it is almost beyond comprehension that Brady came out of
-the chaos with even one photographic record. While his extensive
-operations could not begin until system and organization were
-accomplished, he did secure many negatives in 1861.
-
-Hardly had the news of the first gun passed around the globe when a half
-million men were offering their services to their country. Loyal
-Massachusetts was the first to march her strong and willing sons to the
-protection of the Government. The shrill notes of the fife sounded
-throughout the land and battle-scarred old Europe beheld in amazement
-the marshalling of great armies from a nation of volunteer patriots
-wholly inexperienced in military discipline--a miracle in the eyes of
-older civilization that had been drenched in the blood of centuries.
-
-It was the simultaneous uprising of a Great People. The first shot from
-South Carolina transformed Virginia, the beloved mother of presidents,
-into a battleground. The streets of Baltimore became a scene of riot.
-The guns of the navy boomed on the North Carolina coast. The men of the
-West moved on through Missouri, blazing their way with shot and shell.
-Through Kentucky and Tennessee the reign of fire swept on until it
-re-echoed from Florida on the gulf to the wilderness of New Mexico and
-the borderline of Texas.
-
-The American Republic was in the clutches of terrific conflict and in
-the first twelve months nearly a million and a quarter of its manhood
-was fighting for the National Flag. There was no turning from the
-struggle. It must be waged to its deadliest end. From this moment, for
-four dreadful years, fighting was taking place somewhere along the line
-every day and more than seven thousand battles and skirmishes were
-fought on land and sea.
-
-Nearly three-fourths of the men who stood in the Union ranks in the
-Civil War were native-born Americans. The others were the best and
-bravest blood of fellow-nations.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT FORT SUMTER IN 1861]
-
-"THEY have fired on Fort Sumter!" These are the words that rang across
-the continent on the morning of the twelfth of April, in 1861, and the
-echo was heard around the world. The shot that began one of the
-fiercest conflicts that civilization has ever seen was fired just
-before sunrise at four in the morning. Special editions of newspapers
-heralded the tidings through the land. Thousands of excited men
-crowded the streets. Trade was suspended. Night and day the people
-thronged the thoroughfares, eager to hear the latest word from the scene
-of action. Friday and Saturday were the most anxious days that the
-American people have ever experienced. When the news came on Sunday
-morning that Major Robert Anderson had evacuated the fort with flags
-flying and drums beating "Yankee Doodle," the North was electrified with
-patriotism. The stars and stripes were thrown to the breeze from spires
-of churches, windows of residences, railway stations and public
-buildings. The fife and drum were heard in the streets. Recruiting
-offices were opened on public squares. Men left their business and
-stepped into the ranks. A few days later, when the brave defenders of
-Fort Sumter reached New York, the air was alive with floating banners.
-Flowers, fruits and delicacies were showered upon the one hundred and
-twenty-nine courageous men who had so gallantly withstood the onslaught
-of six thousand. Crowds seized the heroes and carried them through the
-streets on their shoulders. The South was mad with victory. It was
-believed that its independence had been already gained. Several days
-after the bombardment this picture was secured of the historic fort in
-South Carolina, about which centered the beginning of a great war. It
-was taken in four sections and this is a panoramic view of them all. The
-photograph did not fall into the possession of the Government, but was
-held for many years by a Confederate naval officer, Daniel Ellis,
-commander of the twenty-gun ram "Chicora" and at one time in command of
-Fort Sumter. It is now in possession of James W. Eldridge of Hartford.
-It corrects the erroneous impression that the fort was demolished in
-1861. It stood the bombardment with but slight damage, other than a few
-holes knocked in the masonry as this picture testifies. In saluting the
-American flag before the evacuation on April 15, Private Daniel Hough
-was killed and three men wounded by the premature explosion of one of
-their own guns.
-
-
-
-
-"JOHN BROWN'S body lies a-mouldering in the grave; his soul is marching
-on!" In every public meeting, through village and town, along the lines
-of recruits marching to the front, around the army campfires, this song
-became the battle-cry. It had been but three years since John Brown,
-with seventeen whites and five negroes, seized the United States Arsenal
-at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, and began the freeing of slaves. It
-required eighteen hours and 1,500 militia and marines to subdue the
-ardent abolitionist. He took refuge in the armory engine house. The
-doors were battered down. Eight of the insurgents were killed. Brown,
-with three whites and a half dozen negroes, was captured and hanged. The
-Confederates planned its capture, but upon their approach on the
-eighteenth of April, in 1861, three days after the firing on Fort
-Sumter, they found only the burning arsenal. They held the coveted
-position with 6,500 men, but fearing the attack of 20,000 Unionists,
-deserted it. It was held by the Union troops until 1862, when, on the
-fifteenth of September, Stonewall Jackson bombarded the town and forced
-its surrender. The Union loss was 80 killed, 120 wounded, 11,583
-captured. The Confederate loss was 500. In this engagement were the
-brave boys of the 12th New York State Militia; 39th, 111th, 115th, 125th
-and 126th New York; 32nd, 60th and 87th Ohio; 9th Vermont; 65th
-Illinois; 1st and 3rd Maryland "Home Brigade;" 15th Indiana Volunteers;
-Phillips' Battery; 5th New York; Graham's, Pott's and Rigby's Batteries;
-8th New York; 12th Illinois, and 1st Maryland Cavalry. It was during
-these days that the Army of the Potomac engaged the Confederate forces
-in bloody conflict at Turner's and Crampton's Gap, South Mountain,
-Maryland, leaving Harper's Ferry again in the hands of the Union.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT HARPER'S FERRY]
-
-
-
-
-THERE is not a fleet on the seas that can withstand a modern battery if
-kept under fire by proper obstructions. Modern sea-coast artillery can
-destroy a vessel at a single shot. The watchdog that guarded the
-waterway to the National Capital in the Civil War was Fortress Monroe.
-The old stone fort, partially protected by masses of earth that
-sheltered it from the view and fire of the assailant, challenged the
-ugliest iron-clads to pass through Hampton Roads. Fortress Monroe early
-became the base of operations and under its protection volunteer
-regiments were mobilized. When the 2nd New York Volunteers reached the
-fort, about six weeks after the firing on Fort Sumter, the 4th
-Massachusetts Volunteers had come to the assistance of the regular
-garrison of four companies of artillery on duty day and night over their
-guns. Something of the conditions may be understood by the statement of
-an officer who says that his men had to appear on parade with blankets
-wrapped about them to conceal a lack of proper garments, and sometimes
-stood sentinel with naked feet and almost naked bodies. The volunteers
-arrived faster than provisions could be furnished and there was a
-scarcity of food. So great was the difficulty in procuring small arms
-that some of the soldiers were not really fitted for war during the year
-of 1861. The Government operations were centered around Fortress Monroe
-and President Lincoln personally visited the headquarters to ascertain
-the actual conditions. Brady was admitted behind the parapets with his
-camera and secured this photograph of one of the heaviest guns in the
-great fortification.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT FORTRESS MONROE]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-TO feed the millions of fighting men in both armies during the years
-1861 to 1865, was an enigma equalled only by the problem of ammunition.
-After the diets of hardtack on the long marches there is no memory
-dearer to the heart of the old veteran than a good, old-fashioned
-"square meal" from the log-cabin kitchen in the camp. This is a typical
-scene of one of these winter camps. They were substantially built of
-logs, chinked in with mud and provided on one end with a generous mud
-chimney and fireplace. The most "palatial" afforded a door and a window.
-Roaring fires burned on the hearths. With the arrival of the soldiers,
-knapsacks and traps were unpacked. The canteen was hung on its proper
-peg. The musket found its place on the wall. The old frying pan and tin
-cup were hung near the fire. There was to be a real "old home feast."
-The soldiers crowded around the sutler's tent dickering over canned
-goods and other luxuries which cost perhaps a half-month's pay. The log
-settlement was all astir. Smoke issued from the mud chimneys. Crackling
-fires and savory odors lightened the hearts of the warriors and the
-community of huts rang with jovialty, laughter and song. Stories of the
-conflict were told as the soldiers revelled over the hot and hearty meal
-and not until the late hours did the tired comrades wrap themselves in
-their blankets and fall onto their beds of pine needles or hard board
-bunks.
-
-THE charge of the cavalry is an intense moment on the battlefield. At
-the time of the Civil War nothing was known of the snap-shot process in
-photography and Brady tried frequently throughout the four years to
-secure negatives of the cavalry. It seems to have been an impossibility
-under the long "time exposure process." He did, however, succeed in
-securing negatives of horses. Frequent opportunity to try to secure a
-photograph of the cavalry, is proven by the fact that there were 3,266
-troops, or more than 272 regiments, in defense of the Government. This
-picture is found in Brady's collection and shows the cavalry depot at
-Giesboro Point, Maryland, just outside of Washington. At the beginning
-of the war the mounted men were used as scouts, orderlies, and in
-outpost duty. General "Joe" Hooker finally turned a multitude of
-detachments into a compact army corps of 12,000 horsemen. The gallant
-horseman, "Phil" Sheridan, under instructions from General Grant,
-organized three divisions of 5,000 mounted men, each armed with
-repeating carbines and sabers. It was with this force that Sheridan met
-the Confederate cavalry at Yellow Tavern, near Richmond, and
-demonstrated the importance of mounted troops by great military powers.
-One of the most magnificent scenes in the war was when 10,000 horsemen
-moved out on the Telegraph Road leading from Fredericksburg to Richmond,
-and the column, as it stood in "fours," well closed up, was thirteen
-miles long and required four hours to pass a given point.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-"CAPTURE the National Capital, throw the city into confusion and terror
-by conflagration, seize the President and his Cabinet, and secure
-control of the Government." This was the first cry of the Confederacy.
-Thousands of volunteers were moving toward the city in answer to the
-call for men to save the Nation. Orders were issued to hold back the
-enemy from crossing the bridges that entered Washington. Two batteries
-were thrown up at the east end of the Upper, or Chain Bridge, and a
-heavy two-leaved gate covered with iron plates pierced for musketry, was
-constructed at the center of the bridge. Blockhouses at Arlington
-Heights and the battery at Georgetown Heights, guarded the Aqueduct
-Bridge. The largest approach to Washington was the famous Long Bridge, a
-mile in length, and connecting the National Capital with Alexandria,
-Virginia, the gateway to the Confederacy. Three earthen forts commanded
-its entrance. All soldiers of the Army of the Potomac remember Long
-Bridge. It was over this structure that a hundred thousand men passed in
-defense of their country, many of them never to recross it. This was one
-of the strategic points in the first days of the war and consequently
-one of the first pictures taken by Brady, with its sentinel on duty and
-the sergeant of the guard ready to examine the pass. No man ever crossed
-Long Bridge without this written oath: "It is understood that the within
-named and subscriber accepts this pass on his word of honor that he is
-and will be ever loyal to the United States; and if hereafter found in
-arms against the Union, or in any way aiding her enemies, the penalty
-will be death."
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT LONG BRIDGE ENTRANCE TO WASHINGTON]
-
-
-
-
-THERE is nothing impossible to any army in time of war. Bridges are
-thrown across rivers in a night; roads are constructed as the line
-advances; telegraph wires are uncoiled in the wake of the moving
-regiments. To protect from a delay that might mean defeat, the army
-frequently carried its own "bridges" with it. These army or pontoon
-bridges consisted of boats over which planks were thrown to span the
-waterways. This view shows two of the boat's wheels ready for the march.
-Each pontoon wagon is drawn by six mules. These pontoons were always
-getting stuck in the mud, and the soldiers, struggling along under their
-own burdens, were obliged to haul on the drag ropes, and raise the
-blockade. Probably no soldier will see this picture without being
-reminded of the time when he helped to pull these pontoons out of the
-mud, and comforted himself by _shouting at the mules_. A view is also
-shown of a pontoon bridge across the James River ready for the approach
-of the army. It was often necessary to establish an immediate telegraph
-service between different points in the lines. This photograph shows one
-of the characteristic field telegraph stations. An old piece of canvas
-stretched over some rails forms the telegrapher's office, and a
-"hardtack" box is his telegraph table; but from such a rude station
-messages were often sent which involved the lives of hundreds and
-thousands of soldiers. The building of corduroy roads to allow
-ammunition and provision trains to pass on their journeys was of utmost
-importance. An hour's delay might throw them into the hands of the
-enemy. Many disasters were averted by the ingenuity of the engineers'
-corps.
-
-[Illustration: PONTOON BOATS ON WHEELS]
-
-[Illustration: BUILDING A CORDUROY ROAD]
-
-[Illustration: FIELD TELEGRAPH STATION IN OPERATION]
-
-[Illustration: PONTOON BRIDGE ACROSS JAMES RIVER]
-
-
-
-
-"IF any one attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the
-spot!" The order rang from town to town. Old Glory waved in the breeze
-defiantly. "The flag of the Confederacy will be hoisted over Washington
-within sixty days," came the retort from the far South. "Only over our
-dead bodies," replied the men of the North. The National Government
-discovered that a conspiracy had been in operation to denude its
-armories and weaken its defenses. Political influences had secretly
-disarmed the incoming administration, scattering the regular army in
-helpless and hopeless positions far from the seat of the Government and
-beyond its call in an emergency. Northern forts had been dismantled and
-the munitions from Northern arsenals had been dispatched to Southern
-vantage grounds to be used in case of necessity. The treasury had been
-depleted and the Government was on the verge of bankruptcy. Eleven of
-the historic old states of the Union had withdrawn and formed a new
-republic, the "Confederate States of America." These were the conditions
-that confronted Lincoln in his first days of the Presidency. Plots were
-rampant to take his life. His steps were shadowed by Secret Service
-detectives to safeguard him against assassins, and he was practically
-held a prisoner in the White House. In further protection the defenses
-around the city were strengthened. From every hillside grim guns turned
-their deep mouths into the valleys until a chain of fortifications made
-the city impregnable. Brady secured permission to take his cameras into
-these fortifications. This is the best negative which he secured. It is
-taken behind the breastworks at Fort Lincoln, near Washington.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT FORT LINCOLN]
-
-
-
-
-THE first serious collision of the two great armies of divided Americans
-took place at Bull Run, in Virginia, on the twenty-first of July, in
-1861. The Government had confined its operations almost wholly to the
-protection of Washington, and the public demand for more aggressive
-action was loud and alarming. The Confederate pickets had become so
-confident that they advanced within sight of the National Capital.
-Accusations were strong against the seeming desire of the Government to
-evade the enemy. Charges of deliberate delay and cowardice came from the
-North. "On to Richmond," the stronghold of the Confederacy, was the
-demand. So great became the public clamor that, despite the judgment of
-military authorities, 29,000 Federals under McDowell advanced against
-the 32,000 Confederates under Beauregard, driving them back only to be
-repulsed, after one of the hardest and strangest combats that military
-history has ever recorded. The Union ranks were so demoralized that they
-retreated without orders and straggled back to Washington, although a
-strong stand might have turned the tide of battle. The Union loss was
-481 killed; 2,471 wounded and missing, besides 27 cannon and 4,000
-muskets. The Confederate loss was 378 killed; 1,489 wounded and missing.
-Brady's cameras were soon on the field. He did not reach it in time,
-however, to secure pictures of the fighting armies. One of his negatives
-shows the historic stream of Bull Run along which the battle occurred.
-Another negative shows the field over which the hardest fighting took
-place. A third negative is that of Sudley Church, which was the main
-hospital after the conflict. It was here that, after a long detour, the
-Union forces found a vulnerable point and crossed to meet the enemy.
-Brady also secured a negative of Fairfax Court House, one of the
-outposts of the Confederacy, in this campaign.
-
-[Illustration: FAIRFAX COURT HOUSE IN 1861]
-
-[Illustration: STREAM OF BULL RUN IN 1861]
-
-[Illustration: SUDLEY'S CHURCH AND FORD AT BULL RUN]
-
-[Illustration: BATTLEFIELD OF BULL RUN IN 1861]
-
-
-
-
-THE man behind the gun risks his life on his faith in the ammunition
-train to keep him supplied with powder and shell. An old warrior
-estimates that an army of 60,000 men, comprising a fair average of
-infantry, cavalry, artillery and engineers must be provided with no less
-than 18,000,000 ball cartridges for small arms, rifles, muskets,
-carbines and pistols for six months' operation. In the field an infantry
-soldier usually carries about sixty rounds. The lives of the men depend
-upon the promptness of the ammunition trains. To supply these 60,000 men
-requires one thousand ammunition wagons and 3,600 horses. The wagon
-constructed for this service will carry 20,000 rounds of small-arm
-munition. The cartridges are packed in boxes and the wagon is generally
-drawn by four to six horses or mules. Several wagons are organized into
-an "equipment," moving under the charge of an artillery, and there are
-several such "equipments" for an army of this magnitude, one for each
-division of infantry, a small portion for the cavalry, and the rest in
-reserve. Early in the Civil War a chemist suggested to General McClellan
-that he could throw shells from a mortar that would discharge streams of
-fire "most fearfully in all directions." McClellan replied: "Such means
-of destruction are hardly within the category of civilized warfare. I
-could not recommend their employment until we have exhausted the
-ordinary means of warfare." The Government preferred to depend largely
-upon these silent, ghost-like wagons, with their deadly loads of
-millions of cartridges, pressing toward the battle lines throughout the
-conflict. This picture shows an ammunition train of the Third Division
-Cavalry Corps in motion with the army encamped on the distant hills. It
-is one of Brady's best negatives.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS AMMUNITION TRAINS WERE MOVING]
-
-
-
-
-SLAVE pens were common institutions in the days of negro bondage in
-America. The system had developed from the early days of colonization
-and was for many generations a legitimate occupation throughout the
-country. So many rumors, false and true, were told of the "pens" that
-Brady schemed to secure photographs of some of them. Early in 1861 he
-succeeded in gaining entrance to one of the typical institutions in
-Alexandria, Virginia. The results are here shown. The cell rooms with
-their iron-barred doors and small cage windows relate their own story.
-While they were installed by the larger slave traders they were wholly
-unknown on most of the old Southern plantations. A picture is also here
-shown of the exterior of the "slave pen" kept at Alexandria with the
-inscription over the door, "Price, Birch & Co., Dealers in Slaves." This
-shows the proportions to which the system had grown in the greatest
-republic in the world. Enormous fortunes were being accumulated by some
-dealers who had thrown aside sentiment and humanity and were herding
-black men for the market. With the outbreak of the war many of the
-slaves sought the protection of the Union Army, while others, who had
-kind masters, were willing to remain on the plantations. Mr. Brady
-secured several photographs of these typical slave groups. The one here
-shown is a party of "contrabands" that had fled to the Union lines.
-Another familiar scene in 1861 was the pilgrimage of poor whites to the
-Union ranks. When the troops passed through many of the mountain
-villages, these frightened white sympathizers would hastily gather their
-scanty belongings, pile them onto an old wagon, desert their homes and
-follow the army, to be passed on from line to line until they reached
-the North.
-
-[Illustration: IRON-BARRED CELLS IN AN OLD SLAVE PEN]
-
-[Illustration: SLAVE DEALERS' HEADQUARTERS IN ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA]
-
-[Illustration: REFUGEES LEAVING THE OLD HOMESTEAD]
-
-[Illustration: CONTRABANDS IN WAKE OF THE UNION ARMY]
-
-
-
-
-ONE of the greatest secret forces in the Civil War was the electric
-telegraph. Wires were uncoiled as the army moved on its march toward the
-enemy and over them passed the hurried words that frequently saved
-hundreds and thousands of lives. While England was the first to
-experiment with the new science on the battlefield, the war in America
-demonstrated its permanent importance in the maneuvers of armies. Brady
-was much interested in the development of telegraphy as a factor in war
-and never missed any opportunity to take a photograph of the field
-telegraph corps as they passed him on marches. This picture shows one of
-the construction corps in operation. The wires were laid as each column
-advanced, keeping the General in command fully informed of every
-movement and enabling him to communicate from his headquarters in the
-rear of the army with his officers in charge of the wings. The military
-construction corps laid and took up these wires as fast as an infantry
-regiment marches. An instant's intelligence may cause a charge, a flank
-or a retreat. By connecting with the semi-permanent lines strung through
-woods and fields, into which the enemy would have little reason to
-venture unless aroused by suspicion, the commander on the field is kept
-informed of the transportation of troops and supplies and the approach
-of reinforcements. It was also the duty of the military construction
-corps to seize all wires discovered by them and to utilize them for
-their own army or tear them down. Constant watch is kept for these
-secret lines. Great care must also be taken that false messages do not
-pass over them. Their destruction is generally left to the cavalry. The
-heavy construction wagons, carrying many miles of telegraph wire in
-coils, were drawn by four horses.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS MILITARY TELEGRAPH WAS BEING STRUNG]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS FIELD TELEGRAPH WAGON WAS SENDING
-MESSAGE]
-
-TELEGRAPH stations in wagons were not uncommon sights to the soldiers
-between the years of 1861 to 1865. Great responsibility rested upon the
-operators who halted alongside the road to send a message back to
-headquarters that might change the whole course of events and defeat
-into victory. The operators in the Civil War stood by their posts like
-sentinels. The confidential communications of commanders and the
-movements of the morrow were intrusted with them, but not in a single
-instance is one known to have proven false to that trust. It was part of
-the duty of the telegraph service to take messages from the scouts sent
-out to ascertain the resources of the country, the advantages of certain
-routes, and the general lay of the land. Every click of the instrument
-transmitted secrets upon which might depend the rise or fall of the
-nation. These field telegraph wagons, drawn by horses, carried the
-instruments and batteries which had but recently been invented by an
-American scientist, and by which an electric spark shot messages through
-wire in the fraction of a second's time. The War of 1861 proved for all
-time the advantages of this new science. It left the signal corps to
-attend to only short-range communications and lightened the duties of
-mounted orderlies, conveying messages in a flash of electricity that had
-hitherto taken a day's reckless riding on horseback. While it saved the
-orderlies from many hazardous journeys there were many more where the
-telegraph wires did not penetrate and dependence was still placed on the
-dashing mounted messenger. The chief service of the electric telegraph
-was to maintain communication between corps and divisions and
-headquarters. It was also utilized in some of the brilliant strokes of
-the Secret Service in forestalling deep-laid plots.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN AN ARSENAL AT WASHINGTON]
-
-THE downfall of Washington in the first days of the war would have meant
-the downfall of the Republic. What changes this would have wrought in
-the history of the Western Continent can never be known. Its
-probabilities were such that the Treasury Building was guarded by
-howitzers, the Halls of Congress were occupied by soldiers, the Capitol
-building became a garrisoned citadel. Lincoln was virtually imprisoned
-by guards in the White House, and the streets were patrolled by armed
-men. Troops were quartered in the Patent Building. The basement
-galleries of the Capitol were converted into store-rooms for barrels of
-pork, beef and rations for a long siege. The vaults under the broad
-terrace on the western front were turned into bakeries where sixteen
-thousand loaves of bread were baked every day. The chimneys of the ovens
-pierced the terrace and smoke poured out in dense black clouds like a
-smoldering volcano. Ammunition and artillery were held in readiness to
-answer a moment's call. So intense was the excitement that one of the
-generals in command at the Government arsenal exclaimed: "We are now in
-such a state that a dog-fight might cause the gutters of the Capital to
-run with blood." There was the clank of cavalry on the pavements, the
-tramp, tramp of regiments of men whose polished muskets flashed in the
-sunlight as they moved over Long Bridge. Cavalcades of teams and
-white-topped army wagons carrying provisions, munitions of war and
-baggage followed in weird procession. Brady was then in Washington
-negotiating with the Government and the Secret Service for permission to
-follow the armies with his cameras. This is one of the pictures that he
-took at that time, showing the artillery and cannon-balls parked at the
-National Capital.
-
-
-
-
-NO one, except the men who did it, can ever know the tremendous
-difficulties overcome in preparing an army for warfare. The
-transformation of a nation of peaceful home-lovers to a battle-thirsty,
-fighting populace is almost beyond human understanding. To arm them
-instantly with the implements of war is a problem hardly conceivable.
-When the first guns of the Civil War were belching their death-fire, all
-the man-killing weapons known to civilization were being hurried to the
-front. There were flint and percussion and long-range muskets and
-rifles; bayonets and cavalry sabers; field and siege cannon; mortars and
-sea-coast howitzers; projectiles, shot, shell, grape and canister;
-powder, balls, strap and buckshot; minie balls and percussion caps;
-fuses, wads and grenades; columbiads and navy carronades; lances,
-pistols and revolvers; heavy ordnance and carriages. Europe was called
-upon to send its explosives across the sea. Caves were opened for the
-mining of nitre, lead and sulphur. Factories were run day and night for
-the manufacture of saltpeter. On land and sea the greatest activity
-prevailed. This photograph was taken on the twenty-sixth day of August
-in 1861, when the ammunition schooners, accompanying the fleet from
-Fortress Monroe on the expedition to Fort Hatteras, N. C., were passing
-through Hampton Roads. The fleet, sailing under sealed orders, in
-command of Flag Officer Silas H. Stringham, arrived before sunset. Two
-days later, in conjunction with the troops of the 9th, 20th, and 99th
-New York Volunteers, under General Benjamin F. Butler, it forced the
-surrender of Fort Hatteras without the loss of a man and took seven
-hundred prisoners. The Confederates lost about fifty killed and wounded.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN HAMPTON ROADS--AMMUNITION SCHOONERS]
-
-
-
-
-SPIES lived in the White House according to the rumors in 1861, and
-every council of the Administration was reported to the enemy. Whether
-this is true or not has never been verified, but by some mysterious
-channel the Administration's plans invariably fell into the hands of the
-Confederates. One of the first instances of this is the expedition to
-Port Royal on the South Carolina coast. This was one of the finest
-harbors along the South Atlantic and it was planned to take it from the
-Confederates and use it as a base for future Union operations. The most
-careful preparations were laid for two months. On the twenty-ninth of
-October, in 1861, fifty vessels under sealed orders with secret
-destination sailed from Hampton Roads. The fleet had hardly left the
-range of Fortress Monroe when the full details of its sealed orders
-reached the Confederates at Port Royal. Off Cape Hatteras it ran into a
-severe gale; one transport was completely wrecked, with a loss of seven
-lives; another transport threw over her cargo; a storeship went down in
-the storm, and a gunboat was saved only by throwing her broadside
-battery into the sea. The fleet was so scattered that when the storm
-cleared there was only a single gunboat in sight of the flagship.
-Undismayed by the misfortune, within a few hours the vessels that had
-withstood the tremendous gale were moving on to Port Royal. Several
-frigates that had been blockading Charleston Harbor joined them and on
-the morning of the seventh of November the attack was made on Fort
-Walker at Hilton Head and Fort Beauregard on St. Helena Island. The guns
-of the fleet wrought dreadful havoc. The stream of fire was more than
-the entrenched men had expected or could endure. The troops fled across
-Hilton Head in panic from Fort Walker. When the commander at Fort
-Beauregard looked upon the fleeing soldiers he abandoned his position
-and joined the retreat. A flag of truce was sent ashore but there was no
-one to receive it, and soon after two o'clock the National colors were
-floating over the first permanent foothold of the Government in South
-Carolina, a Confederate stronghold.
-
-[Illustration: GUN IN BATTERY AT PORT ROYAL, S. C., 1861]
-
-[Illustration: COOSAW FERRY, PORT ROYAL ISLAND, S. C.]
-
-[Illustration: FORT BEAUREGARD, BAY POINT, S. C., 1861]
-
-[Illustration: GENERAL ISAAC I. STEVENS' STAFF, BEAUFORT, S. C.]
-
-
-
-
-THE American people, in their one hundred and twenty years of "Life,
-Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness," have had but three wars with the
-outside world. They have enjoyed a greater immunity from armed encounter
-than any of their neighbors. Other than the grievous struggle which we
-have had with our own people, it may be fairly said that we have been
-blessed by Peace.
-
-As if by magic the hundreds of thousands of volunteers were armed with
-the munitions of War and marched to the battle-front. The great Lincoln,
-under the constitutional provisions, was commander-in-chief of the
-citizen armies, and worked in conjunction with his War Department at
-Washington. The military genius of a trained fighter was needed and from
-the outbreak of the War until November 6, 1861, Brevet-Lieutenant
-Winfield Scott was in command; then came Major-General George B.
-McClellan, a man of great caution, until March 11, 1862. From that time
-until July 12, 1862, the Government was without a general commander
-until Major-General Henry W. Halleck took control and continued till
-March 12, 1864. It was then that Lieutenant-General Ulysses S. Grant was
-called upon to end the struggle. Under these military leaders the great
-fighting force of volunteers was organized into armies. The first of
-these patriot legions was the Army of the Potomac.
-
-Army of the Potomac was called into existence in July, 1861, and was
-organized by Major-General George B. McClellan, its first commander;
-November 5, 1862, Major-General A. E. Burnside took command of it;
-January 25, 1863, Major-General Joe Hooker was placed in command, and
-June 27, 1863, Major-General George G. Meade succeeded him.
-
-Army of Virginia was organized August 12, 1862. The forces under
-Major-Generals Fremont, Banks, and McDowell, including the troops then
-under Brigadier-General Sturgis at Washington, were consolidated under
-the command of Major-General John Pope; and in the first part of
-September, 1862, the troops forming this army were transferred to other
-organizations, and the army as such discontinued.
-
-Army of the Ohio became a power, November 9, 1861. General Don Carlos
-Buell assumed command of the Department of the Ohio. The troops serving
-in this department were organized by him as the Army of the Ohio,
-General Buell remaining in command until October 30, 1862, when he was
-succeeded by General W. S. Rosecranz. This Army of the Ohio became, at
-the same time, the Army of the Cumberland. A new Department of the Ohio
-having been created, Major-General H. G. Wright was assigned to the
-command thereof; he was succeeded by Major-General Burnside, who was
-relieved by Major-General J. G. Foster of the command of the Department
-and Army. Major-General J. M. Schofield took command January 28, 1864,
-and January 17, 1865, the Department was merged into the Department of
-the Cumberland.
-
-Army of the Cumberland developed from the Army of the Ohio, commanded by
-General Don Carlos Buell, October 24, 1862, and was placed under the
-command of Major-General W. S. Rosecranz; it was also organized at the
-same time as the Fourteenth Corps. In January, 1863, it was divided into
-three corps, the Fourteenth, Twentieth and Twenty-first; in September,
-1863, the Twentieth and Twenty-first Corps were consolidated into the
-Fourth Corps. October, 1863, General George H. Thomas took command of
-the army, and the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were added to it. In
-January, 1864, the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were consolidated and
-known as the Twentieth Corps.
-
-Army of the Tennessee was originally the Army of the District of Western
-Tennessee, fighting as such at Shiloh, Tennessee. It became the Army of
-the Tennessee upon the concentration of troops at Pittsburg Landing,
-under General Halleck; and when the Department of the Tennessee was
-formed, October 16, 1862, the troops serving therein were placed under
-the command of Major-General U. S. Grant. October 24, 1862, the troops
-in this Department were organized as the Thirteenth Corps; December 18,
-1862, they were divided into the Thirteenth, Fifteenth, Sixteenth and
-Seventeenth Corps. October 27, 1863, Major-General William T. Sherman
-was appointed to the command of this army; March 12, 1864, Major-General
-J. B. McPherson succeeded him; July 30, 1864, McPherson having been
-killed, Major-General O. O. Howard was placed in command, and May 19,
-1865, Major-General John A. Logan succeeded him.
-
-Army of the Mississippi began operations on the Mississippi River in
-Spring, 1862; before Corinth, Mississippi, in May, 1862; Iuka and
-Corinth, Mississippi, in September and October, 1862.
-
-Army of the Gulf operated at Siege of Port Hudson, Louisiana, May, June,
-and July, 1863.
-
-Army of the James consisted of the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps and
-Cavalry, Major-General Butler commanding and operating in conjunction
-with Army of the Potomac.
-
-Army of West Virginia was active at Cloyd's Mountain, May 9 and 10,
-1864.
-
-Army of the Middle Military Division operated at Opepuan and Cedar
-Creek, September and October, 1864.
-
-During the year 1862, Brady's men followed these legions. Both armies
-were maneuvering to strike a decisive blow at the National Capital of
-either foe--one aiming at Washington and the other at Richmond. The
-scenes enacted in these campaigns are remarkable in military strategy,
-and Brady's men succeeded in perpetuating nearly every important event.
-
-Cameras were also hurried to the far South and West where great leaders
-with great soldiers were doing great things. Several of these cameras
-arrived in time to bear witness to the bravery of the men of the
-Mississippi, who were waging battle along the greatest waterway in North
-America--the stronghold of the Confederacy and the control of the inland
-commerce of the Continent.
-
-
-
-
-THE first naval conflicts of the Civil War took place early in 1862. On
-the ninth of March, the revolving turret iron-clad "Monitor" met the
-enormous Confederate ram, "Merrimac," in Hampton Roads. Both powerful
-vessels forced the attack and stood under the fiercest bombardment only
-to again invite assault. After four hours of the nerviest fighting that
-the seas had ever known, the adversaries withdrew, undefeated, to repair
-their respective damages. Brady secured several photographs of these
-vessels immediately after the engagement. One of them on this page shows
-part of the deck and turret of the "Monitor;" near the port-hole can be
-seen the dents made by the heavy steel-pointed shot from the guns of the
-"Merrimac." While the news of this conflict was amazing even old Europe,
-naval operations along the American coast were creating consternation.
-On the first anniversary of the Fall of Fort Sumter the National navy,
-in an attempt to sweep the Confederates from the Atlantic coast,
-bombarded Fort Pulaski in Georgia. All day long the bombardment was
-terrific and firing did not cease until nightfall, when five of the guns
-of the fortress were silent. All night long four of Gillmore's guns
-fired at intervals of fifteen or twenty minutes and at daybreak the
-onslaught became furious. At two in the afternoon a white flag appeared
-from its walls. The spoils of victory were the fort, forty-seven heavy
-guns, a large supply of fixed ammunition, forty thousand pounds of gun
-powder, a large quantity of commissary stores; three hundred prisoners
-and the port of Savannah was sealed against blockade runners--all this
-with the loss of but one killed on each side. Brady seems to have had
-unusual foresight. He was nearly always in the right place at the right
-time and these negatives picture the ruins of Fort Pulaski.
-
-[Illustration: ORIGINAL "MONITOR" AFTER HER FIGHT WITH THE "MERRIMAC"]
-
-[Illustration: RUINS OF FORT PULASKI, GA., APRIL, 1862]
-
-[Illustration: OFFICERS ON BOARD "MONITOR," JULY 9, 1862, AT HAMPTON
-ROADS]
-
-[Illustration: THE BREACHFORT AT PULASKI AFTER BATTLE]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The most powerful fleet that had ever sailed under the American Flag
-entered the deltas of the Mississippi River on the eighteenth day of
-April, in 1862, to force the surrender of the largest and richest city
-of the Confederacy. The strategic value of New Orleans was greater than
-that of any other point in the Southern States. Its export trade in
-cotton and sugar was larger than any city in the world. The great fleet
-had sailed from Hampton Roads on the second of February under the
-command of a man sixty years old, who was born in Tennessee, but offered
-himself to the Union cause--David G. Farragut. This photograph was taken
-as he stood on the deck of his flagship "Hartford." From the firing of
-the first gun on New Orleans a rain of iron fell upon the forts. During
-the first twenty-four hours Captain David Porter's gunners dropped
-fifteen hundred bombs in and around the forts. The night was hideous
-with fiery meteors and the day dense with smoke and flame. The roar of
-the artillery was deafening and shattered the windows in the houses for
-many miles. For six days and nights the terrific bombardment raged. When
-Farragut attempted to run the gauntlet to the metropolis of the gulf he
-swept the shores with a continuous fire of twenty-six thousand shells--a
-million and a half pounds of metal. The Confederates pushed a fire raft
-down the river to the daring admiral's flagship and the "Hartford" burst
-into flame. While one part of the crew fought the fire, the others
-poured metal from her guns onto the enemy. On the twenty-sixth day of
-April, Farragut entered the harbor to New Orleans and on the
-twenty-ninth unfurled the Stars and Stripes in the city.
-
-WITH flags flying and bands playing "The Star Spangled Banner," the
-troops from the transports, which brought fifteen thousand men under
-command of General Benjamin F. Butler, marched into New Orleans on the
-first day of May in 1862. Crowds of men and women surged the sidewalks
-cursing the Yankees and hurrahing for Beauregard, Bull Run and Shiloh.
-When Butler established military government over New Orleans the city
-had a population of about 140,000. About 13,000 of these were slaves.
-Nearly 30,000 of the best citizenship were fighting in the Confederate
-ranks. The city was on the verge of starvation. More than a third of the
-population had no money and no means of earning it. Prices rose
-enormously. Butler contributed a thousand dollars of his own money to
-relieve the suffering. Supplies were hurried from all sources and sold
-under Butler's orders at cost to those who had funds. The price of flour
-fell from sixty to twenty-four dollars a barrel. Butler proved to be a
-great organizer. The people were set to work cleaning and improving
-their city. His administration was always humane. The execution of a
-gambler who tore down the American Flag from the mint, and the
-condemning of a gang of thugs was his only show of the iron hand. This
-photograph shows Major-General Butler, with his staff, as he appeared in
-his fighting days. When leaving Lincoln and his cabinet to start on his
-expedition, Butler exclaimed: "Good-bye, Mr. President; we shall take
-New Orleans or you will never see me again!" With Farragut he kept his
-promise.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-THE heaviest battery of artillery ever mounted in the world, up to 1862,
-was before Yorktown when the Union army was maneuvering to enter
-Richmond from the south. The intention was to shell the Confederates out
-of a strongly intrenched position by overwhelming fire. This photograph
-was taken inside of the fortification that threatened to annihilate an
-entire army. In it were huge demons of death--that were hitherto unknown
-in warfare--capable of throwing 900 pounds of iron at one broadside into
-the lines of the enemy. There were five 100-pounder and two 200-pounder
-Parrot rifled cannon. The topography of the country would not admit of
-engagements with unfortified lines. The Confederates concentrated their
-forces in the woods. The Union commanders at first despised picks and
-shovels. They insisted that all defenses except those naturally
-available were beneath a soldier's dignity. The battles of the East and
-West were being fought on open ground. The campaign against Richmond,
-however, proved the necessity of defenses to protect the lines from
-unexpected attacks from the hidden enemy. The Confederates became uneasy
-over this shift of fighting front and the magnitude of the preparations
-at Yorktown so astounded them that they abandoned the position. On May
-third the great battery threw a charge into the Confederate stronghold.
-It was intended to open the bombardment on the following morning, but at
-dawn it was found that the Confederates had evacuated. The heavy
-artillery was known as Battery No. 1, and manned by Company B, First
-Connecticut Heavy Artillery. It became a matter of discussion throughout
-the world. Military attaches from many foreign powers visited the
-breastworks to report the situation to their governments.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN BEHIND THE BREASTWORKS AT YORKTOWN, VA.,
-IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-AT sunrise of the fourth of May, in 1862, the Union troops entered the
-deserted Confederate works at Yorktown and found seventy-one heavy guns,
-a large number of tents, with ammunition and materials of war. The works
-were found to be of scientific construction and great strength and
-undoubtedly could have withstood the heavy fire from the heaviest
-battery in the world. This photograph shows the remains of one of the
-heavy Confederate guns blown into atoms rather than leave it to the
-Union forces. Fragments of the gun strew the ground, together with shell
-and grape-shot. The soldiers seen in works are Union Zouaves. The
-Confederate forces of 50,000 men under Magruder were pursued by
-McClellan's 85,000 Union soldiers to Williamsburg, after which the enemy
-retired unmolested behind the lines of Richmond. While Brady was taking
-his photographs at Yorktown, he met the distinguished Prince de
-Joinville and his royal companions of the House of Orleans, who, for
-pure love of adventure, had come from France and were following the Army
-of the Potomac as aides-de-camp, being permitted to serve without taking
-the oath of allegiance, and without pay. The noblemen were eating dinner
-in camp when Brady secured this picture. A few days later Brady met the
-Battery C, 3rd U.S. Flying Artillery, on the road to Fair Oaks and
-secured a remarkable photograph. Another picture in this campaign is the
-ruins of the Norfolk navy-yard. It had been the chief naval depot of the
-Confederates, but on the tenth of May, 1862, General John E. Wool, with
-5,000 men, entered the city. The navy-yard, with its workshops,
-storehouses and other buildings had been wrecked, but two hundred cannon
-fell into the hands of the Union forces. The Confederate ironclad
-"Merrimac" tried to escape up the James, but grounded and was blown up.
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE WORKS AFTER EVACUATION OF YORKTOWN]
-
-[Illustration: ADVENTUROUS EUROPEAN NOBLEMEN WITH ARMY OF THE POTOMAC IN
-1862]
-
-[Illustration: RUINS OF NORFOLK NAVY YARD IN 1862]
-
-[Illustration: FLYING ARTILLERY ON ROAD TO FAIR OAKS]
-
-
-
-
-AFTER the evacuation of Yorktown on the fourth of May, in 1862, this
-picture was taken. It shows the generals of the Army of the Potomac in
-full uniforms after the hard siege, and at the very time when they were
-maneuvering to drive back the Confederates, forcing them to stand in
-defense of the Capital of the Confederacy--Richmond. It was through the
-personal friendship of Major-General McClellan that Brady was allowed to
-take this rare photograph. The warriors lined up in front of the camera
-on the field at Yorktown. In the center is General McClellan--a man in
-whose veins flowed the blood of Scotch cautiousness--"Be sure you're
-right, then go ahead!" He was but thirty-six years of age when he held
-the great army under his control. From boyhood he had been a military
-tactician. When twenty years old he was graduated from West Point,
-standing second in his class, and distinguished himself for gallantry in
-the Mexican War. Six years before the outbreak of the Civil War, when
-only thirty years old, McClellan was in Crimea and two years later he
-submitted his report to the Government and resigned from the army to
-become vice-president and chief engineer of the Illinois Central
-Railroad. In 1860, he was general superintendent of the Ohio and
-Mississippi Railroad. When the call swept across the continent for
-troops to preserve the Nation, the old war spirit was aroused and
-McClellan was one of the first to respond.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT YORKTOWN OF MCCLELLAN AND HIS
-OFFICERS IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-BRADY'S cameras took an active part in the campaign about Richmond, the
-Capital of the Confederacy. Four of the old negatives are here
-reproduced. The first is a view of light field-works on the
-Chickahominy, near Fair Oaks. The men are at the guns ready to receive
-the attack and the infantry are hurrying into line on the right and left
-of the battery. The second photograph is where the battle raged hottest
-in June, 1862. In the rear of the battery of howitzers in the
-foreground, is the left of Sickle's brigade in line of battle. Near the
-twin houses, seen still further in the rear, the bodies of over 400
-Union soldiers were buried after the battle. The Confederate loss was
-7,997 men killed, wounded and missing; the Union loss, 5,739. The
-headquarters of the army, at the opening of the seven days' fight, was
-at Savage Station, where vast amounts of rations, forage, ammunition and
-hospital stores were distributed for the use of the troops. This station
-fell into the hands of the enemy together with many of our sick and
-wounded soldiers during the seven days' battles. One of these views
-gives a glimpse of the field hospital at Savage Station during the
-battle. The wounded were brought in by the hundreds and laid on the
-ground and the surgeons may be seen leaning over them. During the
-Peninsula Campaign in 1862, the army balloon was a valuable aid in the
-signal service. This view shows Professor T. S. C. Lowe in his balloon
-watching the battle of Fair Oaks. He can easily discern the movements of
-the enemy's troops and give warning to the generals. The balloon rises
-to the desired elevation and is anchored to a tree.
-
-[Illustration: ARTILLERY IN LINE AT FAIR OAKS IN 1862]
-
-[Illustration: BATTERY OF HOWITZERS IN BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS]
-
-[Illustration: WATCHING BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS FROM BALLOON]
-
-[Illustration: THE WOUNDED AT SAVAGE STATION AFTER THE BATTLE]
-
-
-
-
-DESPERATE battles day and night crimsoned the fields in the siege about
-Richmond. McClellan called for reinforcements to force his way into the
-city, but they failed to arrive. So dismayed was he that he sent this
-warning to Stanton at Washington: "If I save this army now, I tell you
-plainly that I owe no thanks to you, or any other person in Washington."
-This photograph shows the Grapevine Bridge on the Chickahominy over
-which McClellan passed his army. This bridge was built by the 15th New
-York Engineer Corps. All the supplies that could be taken in the wagon
-trains were hurried over Grapevine Bridge and the remainder were burned
-or abandoned. Hundreds of artillery charges were opened. Powder was
-scattered over the pile and barrels of oil poured on. At Savage Station
-a railroad train loaded with ammunition was set on fire, then sent, with
-the locomotive throttle wide open, to plunge from the broken tracks into
-the river, each car exploding as it reached the surface of the stream.
-Grapevine Bridge was destroyed and Jackson held away from the Battle of
-Gaines' Mill, which undoubtedly saved the Army of the Potomac from
-capture. Through Mechanicville, Gaines' Mill, Savage Station, Peach
-Orchard, White Oak Swamp and Malvern Hill the Union soldiers fought
-their way from the twenty-sixth of June to the first of July, finally
-escaping to Harrison's Landing on the James River after a loss of 15,249
-men. The Confederates had beaten them back from Richmond at a cost of
-17,583 men. McClellan set up his base of operations at Harrison's
-Landing and remained a menace to Richmond.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT GRAPEVINE BRIDGE OVER THE
-CHICKAHOMINY]
-
-
-
-
-BRILLIANT strokes came like flashes of lightning. With McClellan still
-setting his heart on taking Richmond, "Stonewall" Jackson was making
-threatening moves towards Washington. Demonstrations were begun to plant
-fear in the Government and cause sufficient alarm to order the
-withdrawal of McClellan to the defense of Washington. This daring ruse
-was successful inasmuch as it completely upset the plans to take
-Richmond, and the seat of battle was almost instantly transferred to the
-North. There was no denying it; Washington stood in abject fear of the
-brilliant Jackson. His presence in the vicinity of the National Capital
-caused much uneasiness. The stand against him came at Cedar Mountain,
-known from its hard fight as Slaughter Mountain, on the ninth of August,
-1862. At a cost of about 1,400 men, the Union army frustrated Jackson
-and depleted his forces to the extent of 1,307. Brady's cameras were
-with the army at Cedar Mountain. The first photograph was taken just as
-one of the batteries was fording a tributary of the Rappahannock.
-Another picture was taken of the Union camp on the battlefield. The
-Confederate general, Charles S. Winder, was struck by a shell while
-leading his division on the field. He was taken to the house shown in
-one of these photographs where he died. The marks of the shells can
-easily be seen in the roof. It was about this time, at Harrison's
-Landing, that Brady met the famous Irish Brigade which was then fighting
-in the defense of Washington, under Brigadier-General Thomas Francis
-Meagher, who had taken prominent part in a recent rebellion in Ireland.
-A group of officers of the sturdy Irish Brigade sat before one of
-Brady's cameras. The charges of this brigade are among the most daring
-in warfare.
-
-[Illustration: OFFICERS OF IRISH BRIGADE AT HARRISON'S LANDING IN 1862]
-
-[Illustration: HOUSE AT CEDAR MOUNTAIN WHERE GENERAL WINDER DIED]
-
-[Illustration: CAMP AND BATTLEFIELD ON CEDAR MOUNTAIN IN 1862]
-
-[Illustration: BATTERY FORDING STREAM NEAR CEDAR MOUNTAIN IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-ONE hundred and sixty thousand men fought in the Union lines in the
-Peninsula campaign. When Lincoln reviewed the army at Harrison's
-Landing, in 1862, he saw only eighty-six thousand men. The remainder had
-been removed by casualties on the field or disease. Fifty thousand had
-fallen victims to fever or malaria. The president and his cabinet were
-dissatisfied with the conditions and General Henry Wager Halleck, who
-had been showing much ability in the West, was summoned to Washington
-and appointed commander-in-chief. McClellan was practically deposed from
-the Potomac. The Army of Virginia, under command of General John Pope,
-was instructed to cover Washington and guard the Shenandoah entrance to
-Maryland. In taking command of this division, Pope said to his men: "I
-have come to you from the West, where we have always seen the backs of
-our enemies." The Confederates were mapping routes on a large scale.
-Bragg was to advance on Louisville and Cincinnati; Lee was to invade
-Maryland and march upon Washington, Baltimore and Philadelphia. The
-capture of these three cities was to assure the Independence of the
-Confederacy. Lee had 150,000 men and two-thirds of them were to be taken
-on this invasion. This is the scheme that was being worked out when the
-two armies met on the thirtieth day of August at Manassas. The
-Confederate troops poured onto the Federal lines and forced them back
-beyond Bull Run until the darkness of the night stopped the pursuit.
-Bridges were burned and railroads destroyed by the Union Army as they
-withdrew toward Washington, making brave stands to hold back the enemy,
-only to be driven back to the banks of the Potomac with 7,800 missing
-and dead, while the Confederate lines had 3,700 vacancies.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN BEHIND CONFEDERATE FORTIFICATIONS AT
-MANASSAS IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: GENERAL IRVIN MCDOWELL AND OFFICERS IN 1862]
-
-[Illustration: RUINED BRIDGE AT MANASSAS]
-
-CONSTERNATION was caused in Washington by the terrible slaughter at
-Manassas, on the thirtieth of August, in 1862. The Federal Army was
-driven from the Virginia valley. The mighty Confederate generals Lee,
-Jackson, and Longstreet, renewed their hopes of entering the National
-Capital and pushing into Pennsylvania and Maryland, and as one
-enthusiastic Southerner exclaimed: "The Confederate flag will yet wave
-over Faneuil Hall in Boston." It was but thirteen months since the Union
-Army met a fearful defeat along this same stream of Bull Run. After a
-three weeks' campaign, the Federals, under Major-General John Pope, were
-forced to retire and hastened to the defense of Washington which they
-believed to be in instant danger of attack. It was in a volley of heavy
-fire that General Phil Kearney fell dead from his saddle. Kearney and
-Lee had been personal friends before the war and Lee sent the body of
-his old friend back to the Union headquarters under a flag of truce.
-During this campaign, Brady secured an excellent photograph of
-Major-General Irvin McDowell and staff, who had been in the first battle
-of Bull Run and now commanded the Third Army Corps. He also made the
-acquaintance of General Robert E. Lee, who had assumed command of the
-Confederate Army in Virginia in the second battle, two months before.
-Standing at Lee's right is Major-General G. W. C. Lee and on his left
-Colonel Walter Taylor of the Confederates.
-
-[Illustration: GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE AT MANASSAS]
-
-
-
-
-TIRED and hungry, the Federal soldiers were driven from the Virginia
-Valley. The cutting off of supplies had placed them in a precarious
-condition. There was nothing left for them to do but retreat to the
-nearest provisions. Even the 4,000 horses in the cavalry were so broken
-down and footsore that not more than 500 of them were fit for riding.
-The only considerable depot of supplies was at Manassas Junction and it
-had fallen into the hands of the Confederates. A strong body of cavalry
-under "Jeb" Stuart, with 500 infantry, had raided it during the night
-three days before the battle. These stores were destroyed by the
-Confederates as a safer way to force back the Federals by starvation.
-While they brought little succor to the rank and file of the Confederate
-army they left the Union soldiers without food. One of Brady's cameras
-reached Manassas Junction shortly after the destruction and this is the
-negative that was taken. The railroad train is wrecked, the engine is
-derailed, and the cars have been looted. 50,000 pounds of bacon, 1,000
-barrels of corned beef, 2,000 barrels of salt pork, 2,000 barrels of
-flour, two train loads with stores and clothing, large quantities of
-forage, 42 wagons and ambulances, 200 tents, 300 prisoners, 200 negroes,
-eight pieces of artillery with their horses and equipments, and 175
-horses other than those belonging to the artillery fell into the
-possession of the enemy. Immense quantities of quartermasters' and
-commissaries' stores were burned. Only rations enough for a single day
-were saved by the captors. The conflict was too hot and the action too
-swift to allow carrying them along on the movement into the North. With
-these provisions gone the Union army was in dire want.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT RUINS OF MANASSAS JUNCTION, VIRGINIA,
-IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-THE pursuit by the Confederates toward the very gates of Washington,
-after the route of the Union army along Bull Run, was stopped only by
-the thoughtfulness of the retreating Federals in destroying their
-bridges. Lee, in his report after the battle, says: "After a fierce
-combat, which raged until after nine o'clock, Pope's Union Army was
-completely defeated and driven beyond Bull Run. The darkness of the
-night, his destruction of the Stone Bridge after crossing, and the
-uncertainty of the fords, stopped the pursuit." This photograph is an
-actual verification of the truth of Lee's excuse. Brady arrived on the
-following day and this picture shows the ruins as he found them. It
-would have been foolhardy for an army in the blackness of night to have
-attempted to tramp through wreckage, the extent of which they knew
-nothing, and water the depth of which was questionable. Bull Run was a
-treacherous stream with its rocks and holes. Moreover, the Confederate
-soldiers, after the fearful struggle through which they had passed, were
-not in a condition to travel through the night in drenched and
-mud-soaked clothing. The Union forces at the fierce battle of Manassas
-were: Army of Virginia, under Pope--1st Corps under Major-General Franz
-Sigel; Third Corps under Major-General Irvin McDowell; Second Corps
-under Major-General Nathaniel P. Banks; Army of the Potomac--Third Corps
-under Major-General S. P. Heintzelman; Fifth Corps under Major-General
-Fitz John Porter; Ninth Corps under Major-General Jesse L. Reno.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT RUINS OF STONE BRIDGE OVER BULL RUN
-IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: THE DEAD ALONG HAGERSTOWN ROAD AFTER BATTLE OF ANTIETAM]
-
-[Illustration: SIGNAL CORPS WATCHING BATTLE FROM HILLSIDE AT ANTIETAM]
-
-THRILLED with the victory at Manassas, the second Bull Run, the leader
-of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis, ordered an immediate movement to
-the North with all the chances of glorious triumph in his favor. It was
-conceded even by the military tacticians of the Government that Lee
-could march to Washington with probabilities of entrance. He was aware
-that a direct attack was feasible, but he desired to cross the Potomac
-into Maryland and enter the National Capital from the north, thus giving
-him a free route to the great municipalities of the North. It is
-probable that he even had visions of the capture of New York. While
-developing this military stratagem he met the Federals in the open at
-Antietam. It was the seventeenth of September in 1862. General McClellan
-was in command and Lee's fondest dreams were blasted. The men of both
-armies fought as they never fought before. Brady's cameras were soon on
-the scene and secured many negatives of this bloody day. The one above
-reveals the west side of Hagerstown Road after the battle. The bodies of
-the dead are strewn thickly beside the fence, just as they fell. The
-guns succeeded in getting an excellent range of this road, and
-slaughtered the enemy like sheep. This view of some of the men just as
-they fell, is only a glimpse of many groups of dead in that terrible
-combat. Brady "caught" the Independent Pennsylvania Battery E, well
-known as Knapp's Battery, shortly after the battle.
-
-[Illustration: ARTILLERY AFTER THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM]
-
-
-
-
-THIS is believed to be the first photograph ever taken of armies in
-battle on the Western Continent. The historic negative was taken from
-the hill overlooking the battle of Antietam. It shows the artillery in
-terrific conflict and the fire belching from the cannon's mouth. The
-clouds of smoke rising from the valley tell the fearful story of that
-seventeenth day of September, in 1862, when 25,899 Confederates were
-killed, wounded and captured at the cost of 12,469 Union men. On the
-left of the lines stand the reserve artillery waiting for the call to
-action. One can almost hear the voice of "Little Mac" urging his men on
-to victory. The defeat at Manassas, and the destruction of Pope's
-trains, with the hot haste in which the troops had passed through
-Washington, gave no time for the issuance of shoes, socks or other
-necessaries. The men who had tramped through the Chickahominy swamps and
-down the Virginia Valley were ragged and bleeding, but when the order
-rose above the tumult: "Give ground to the right," a mighty cheer swept
-along the lines as a cavalry of horsemen galloped madly to the front,
-for the men in the ranks knew that McClellan was coming. There was not a
-man at Antietam who did not know that it was a last desperate chance to
-thwart the great Lee from marching on to Washington, and possibly
-Baltimore and Philadelphia. The people in the North eagerly awaited the
-news. The National Capital was almost in a state of panic. It was the
-hardest fought and bloodiest single day's battle of the war and more men
-were killed than in any single day's fight during the conflict.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN DURING THE BATTLE OF ANTIETAM IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: SCOUTS AND GUIDES WITH THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC]
-
-[Illustration: GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER AND HIS FAVORITE HORSE AT ANTIETAM]
-
-[Illustration: PICKETS IN THE LEAD OF THE ARMY IN 1862]
-
-THE scouts and guides of the Civil War saved the armies from many
-defeats by their shrewdness and bravery. Upon them rested the great
-responsibility of leading the soldiers through the unknown country to
-advantageous and safe positions. During the Peninsula campaign in 1862 a
-group of these men sat before one of Brady's cameras. A photograph was
-also secured at a reserve picket station near the Potomac. The advance
-picket was a short distance ahead and upon the approach of the enemy
-began firing, and gradually fell back on these reserves, who keep up a
-continuous fire as they retire slowly, fighting as they go, giving time
-for the army to form into line for battle. About this same time an
-excellent picture was secured of "Fighting Joe" Hooker standing beside
-his horse. Hooker was seriously wounded at Antietam and borne from the
-field. Still another photograph shown here is the "Sunken Road" or
-"Bloody Lane" at Antietam, in which the Confederate dead lay three deep
-for a distance of half a mile. This ditch was used by the Confederates
-as a rifle pit. A Union battery succeeded in getting an excellent range
-of the road and this view, taken the day after the battle, shows the
-dead just as they fell. It is a scene of slaughter that few men have
-ever seen and its horrors are here preserved in detail by the camera.
-
-[Illustration: DEAD IN SUNKEN ROAD AFTER BATTLE OF ANTIETAM]
-
-
-
-
-STONEWALL JACKSON, in speaking of the battle of Antietam, said: "The
-carnage on both sides was terrific. The hottest fight seemed to center
-about Dunker Church, where there were no less than four charges and
-counter-charges. Each army had taken and retaken the ground until it was
-literally carpeted with dead and dying men." The Confederates posted a
-battery of light artillery outside of the little building used for
-religious services by the sect known as the Dunkers. This photograph
-shows where one gun of the battery stood. The dead artillerymen and
-horses, and the shell-holes through the little church, prove how
-terrible a fire was rained onto this spot by the Union batteries.
-Another view on this page shows the dead collected for burial after the
-battle of Antietam. The wounded were taken from the battlefield to an
-improvised hospital which consisted of canvas stretched over stakes
-driven into the ground. A view is here given of one of these hospitals
-in which wounded Confederate prisoners are being relieved of their
-suffering. One of the most interesting of these photographs is Burnside
-Bridge. With fixed bayonets the Union soldiers started on their mission
-of death, rushing over the slope leading to the bridge, and engaging in
-fierce combat with the enemy. The fire that swept it was more than they
-could stand and they were obliged to retire. Two heavy guns were placed
-in position and aimed upon the Confederates. In a maddening charge, the
-bayonets again flashed in the light and the Union soldiers swept
-everything before them, planting the Stars and Stripes on the opposite
-bank. Five hundred of their men lay dead behind them. By this time
-Burnside had crossed the stream and after a quick encounter the battle
-was ended with both armies severely punished and neither inclined to
-resume the fight.
-
-[Illustration: BURNSIDE BRIDGE AT ANTIETAM IN 1862]
-
-[Illustration: THE DEAD COLLECTED FOR BURIAL AFTER BATTLE OF ANTIETAM]
-
-[Illustration: FIELD HOSPITAL AT ANTIETAM BATTLEFIELD IN 1862]
-
-[Illustration: DEAD ARTILLERYMEN AT DUNKER'S CHURCH, ANTIETAM]
-
-
-
-
-THE last echo of the guns of Antietam had hardly died away when the
-great Lincoln and the cautious McClellan stood literally at swords'
-points at the very instant when the Confederacy was repulsed and
-weakened. Lincoln was positive that this was the opportune moment to
-take the offensive and drive the Confederates into the South. McClellan
-insisted that his soldiers were suffering; that they needed shoes and
-supplies; that the cavalry horses were fatigued. He felt that the
-Government had been saved by his men and that the administration should
-now provide them with proper clothing and food before they plunged again
-into the wilderness. President Lincoln hurried to the battlefield of
-Antietam on the first of October, in 1862, to learn the real condition.
-While the president and "Little Mac" were seated in General McClellan's
-tent about noon on the third of October, with maps and plans on the
-table before them, discussing the situation, Lincoln submitted to having
-this photograph taken. The silk hat of the president lies on the table
-over which is thrown an American flag. It is a remarkable likeness of
-the great American and the negative is treasured as one of the most
-valuable contributions to our National records. In speaking of this
-visit, McClellan said: "We spent some time on the battlefield and
-conversed fully on the state of affairs. He told me that he was entirely
-satisfied with me and with all that I had done; that he would stand by
-me. He parted from me with the utmost cordiality. We never met again on
-this earth." On the following morning Lincoln returned to Washington.
-Two days later McClellan received an order from Washington to
-immediately move onto the enemy and engage them in battle. The breach
-between the two men was now irreparable. McClellan believed that it was
-the influence of Stanton whom he had accused of working deliberately
-against him. It was nineteen days before he began the movement and on
-the fifth of November, Lincoln issued this order: "By direction of the
-president it is ordered that Major-General McClellan be relieved from
-the command of the Army of the Potomac, and that Major-General Burnside
-take command of that army."
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE LINCOLN WAS CONFERRING WITH
-McCLELLAN ON BATTLEFIELD OF ANTIETAM]
-
-
-
-
-WHEN Lincoln visited the battlefield of Antietam, he was accompanied by
-Allan Pinkerton, chief of the Secret Service, known under the alias of
-Major Allen. On the morning of the third of October, 1862, when he was
-leaving McClellan's tent to look over the army in camp, he again stood
-before one of the war cameras and this rare photograph is the witness.
-Comparatively few of this generation have any clear idea of how the real
-Lincoln looked as he passed through the heart-rending ordeal from 1861
-to 1865. This photograph shows him in his characteristic attitude. At
-his right stands Pinkerton, one of the shrewdest detectives that the
-world has produced. The officer in uniform is Major John A. McClernand,
-who was appointed to command the Army of the West and fought at Fort
-Donelson, Shiloh and Vicksburg, but who was in the East at this time.
-From Lincoln's visit resulted McClellan's deposal. Never before or since
-has such a scene been witnessed in any army as the one when McClellan
-took leave of his officers and soldiers. Seated on a magnificent steed,
-at the head of his brilliant staff, he rode down the lines, lifting his
-cap as the regimental colors fell into salute. Whole regiments dropped
-their muskets to cheer their hero. The tears came to McClellan's eyes
-and the vast army shook with emotion. As he was boarding the train
-troops fired a salute. Impassioned soldiers wildly insisted that he
-should not leave them, and uttered bitter imprecations against those who
-had deprived them of their beloved commander. It was a moment of fearful
-excitement. A word, or a look of encouragement, would have been the
-signal for a revolt, the consequences of which no man can measure.
-McClellan stepped to the platform of the car. He spoke slowly but
-appealingly: "Stand by General Burnside as you have stood by me, and all
-will be well!" A calm fell over the soldiers and they bade farewell to
-their idolized commander. McClellan, upon reaching Washington, remained
-less than an hour and proceeded at once to Trenton. From that time he
-never again saw Lincoln, or Stanton, or Halleck.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE LINCOLN WAS PASSING THROUGH CAMP
-AT ANTIETAM IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-A FEW days after Burnside replaced McClellan in command of the Army of
-the Potomac, this photograph was taken while he was with his staff at
-Warrenton, Virginia, in the middle of November, in 1862. Burnside is
-here seen in the midst of his officers, with one hand characteristically
-tucked into his coat and the other holding a written military order.
-Burnside was a graduate of West Point and when twenty-four years old
-helped to take the Capital in the Mexican War. He had also been an
-Indian fighter and during those days made a journey of over a thousand
-miles across the plains in seventeen days, accompanied by only three
-men, to carry dispatches to President Filmore. At twenty-nine years of
-age he resigned from the United States Army and invented the Burnside
-rifle. He was one of McClellan's intimate friends, and while a civilian
-he was engaged with him on the Illinois Central Railroad. Burnside was
-in New York when the Civil War broke out and hurried to the front in
-command of the First Rhode Island Volunteers. He fought at the first
-battle of Bull Run and commanded an expedition that stormed the North
-Carolina coast. He was in the famous Battle of Roanoke Island and
-Newbern and as a reward for these successes he was given the rank of
-major-general. He later fought the Battle of Camden, attacked and
-reduced Fort Macon, and during the Peninsula Campaign fought at the
-Battle of South Mountain and Antietam. When Lincoln first offered
-Burnside the command held by McClellan it is said that he refused it
-three times. Not until he knew that his friend must go did he concede to
-the wishes of the president. When Burnside took command of the Union
-forces he was but thirty-nine years old, but an experienced warrior.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE MAJOR-GENERAL AMBROSE E. BURNSIDE
-WAS ENCAMPED WITH HIS STAFF IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: GENERAL EDWIN V. SUMNER AND STAFF IN PENINSULA CAMPAIGN
-IN 1862]
-
-SHORTLY after the battle of Antietam this photograph was taken of
-General Sumner, who was distinguished for gallantry on that bloody
-field. Sumner is seen standing on the steps in the center of a group of
-officers. At this time he was a warrior sixty-six years of age and had
-seen a long life of hard fighting. He was born during the first days of
-the American Republic, in the year 1796. When twenty-three years old he
-became a second lieutenant in the United States Infantry and served with
-distinction during the Black Hawk War. He later had command of a cavalry
-school and at the outbreak of the Mexican War he led an attack against
-five thousand lancers and was breveted colonel. With the cessation of
-this conflict he took charge of the Department of New Mexico, and was
-later ordered to Europe on official business. Upon his return he entered
-into border warfare and defeated the Cheyenne Indians. When Lincoln was
-elected president, Sumner was selected to accompany him from Springfield
-to Washington and was promoted brigadier-general. Sumner was active in
-the Peninsula Campaign and was promoted to major-general. He fought
-through the Maryland Campaign, and at Antietam his corps made one of the
-fiercest charges over the field, carrying destruction and death. He
-commanded the right wing at the battle of Fredericksburg and was ordered
-to the West, but while preparing to depart he died suddenly.
-
-WHILE the campaigns against Richmond and Washington were being waged,
-hard fighting was taking place in the Southwest. Grant was in command of
-the Army of the Tennessee. Buell was near Chattanooga, facing Bragg who
-threatened Louisville. Rosecranz was at the head of the Army of the
-Mississippi and occupied Alabama and Northern Mississippi. Terrific
-engagements had taken place at Fort Donelson and Shiloh, Tennessee. The
-Guerilla Campaign was being waged in Missouri. There were frequent
-clashes in Kentucky and Arkansas, but Mississippi seemed to be the
-battle-ground. Corinth, in that state, was considered the military key
-to Tennessee. It was in the conflict for the control of this coveted
-position that the Confederates made one of their bravest charges. A
-photograph is here shown of Fort Robinette which was protected by
-Federal guns. The Southerners charged almost to the cannon's mouth, only
-to be swept back by the murderous shower of lead. The second charge
-stands as a wonderful example of human courage. Colonel Rogers of Texas,
-led the column, and scaled the breastwork, falling inside. Three charges
-were made, but the Confederates were finally forced to retreat. The
-Federal loss at this battle of Corinth in killed, wounded and missing
-was 2,359; the Confederates left behind them 9,423.
-
-[Illustration: IN FRONT OF THE EARTHWORKS AT FORT ROBINETTE IN CORINTH,
-MISSISSIPPI]
-
-
-
-
-WITH colors flying, armament in first-class condition, and soldiers
-well-clothed and fed, the Union lines under the new command of Burnside
-began offensive operations against Virginia. This had been Lincoln's
-long desire. The scene of action was now to be forced away from the
-National Capital. On a bright morning in November, the men who had
-served under McClellan marched in three grand divisions to their new
-campaign. The Rappahannock was reached on the seventeenth, but the
-bridge across the river had been destroyed by the Confederates who were
-intrenched in Fredericksburg on the opposite bank. Pontoons promised by
-the Government had not yet arrived. "Where are my pontoons?" wired
-Burnside. "They will start to-morrow," came the reply from the War
-Department. It was the tenth of December before the engineers could
-build their bridges and in the meantime ill-feeling had arisen between
-Burnside and the Government. The fatal delay had enabled Lee to
-concentrate his army on Marye's Heights, overlooking Fredericksburg. The
-work of building five bridges across the Rappahannock was begun under a
-drawn musketry fire from the opposite bank of the river. Nearly every
-blow of a hammer cost a human life. Burnside ordered his artillerymen to
-open fire on the city. Fredericksburg became a mass of ruins. This
-photograph shows abutments of the destroyed bridge. The trees are
-cropped short by the artillery fire from the Union guns. The Confederate
-sharpshooters were concealed in the buildings on the opposite river
-front. Burnside ordered his men to cross the river on a line of pontoon
-boats. The sharpshooters were driven from their shelter while the bridge
-building was completed. The river was crossed. At dawn, the twelfth of
-September, both armies stood ready for combat.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ON THE RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER AFTER
-DESTRUCTION OF BRIDGE TO FREDERICKSBURG IN 1862]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ALONG THE SUNKEN ROAD AT FREDERICKSBURG
-AFTER THE BATTLE IN 1862]
-
-CONFRONTED by sheets of flame, the Union Army made its attack on
-Fredericksburg on the morning of the thirteenth of December, in 1862.
-The Confederates occupied the Heights with a line five and a half miles
-long and fortified with earthworks and artillery. The Federals moved
-through the town under a heavy fire of Confederate batteries. Marye's
-Hill was protected at its base by a stone wall, back of which was a
-sunken road, occupied by two brigades of Confederate infantry. The
-charging columns of the Union Army were rushing across the open ground
-under a fierce artillery fire when suddenly they were confronted by a
-rain of lead from the sunken road back of the stone wall. Nearly half of
-the charging column was shot down and the remainder fell back. Five
-thousand more charged in the same manner. Some of them approached within
-twenty yards of the wall, but fell back, leaving two thousand of their
-number on the field. Twelve thousand men were again charged against
-Marye's Heights, but scarcely four thousand returned. The Union ranks
-were depleted by 12,355, while the Confederates held their position with
-a loss of but 4,576, and the Federal Army withdrew across the
-Rappahannock and Lee held Fredericksburg.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: ARTILLERY DEFENSES ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF FREDERICKSBURG
-IN 1862]
-
-[Illustration: FIGHTING GROUND ALONG THE CHICKASAW BAYOU]
-
-[Illustration: POISONED SPRING OF CHICKASAW BAYOU]
-
-[Illustration: MEDICAL CORPS OF ARMY OF POTOMAC IN CAMP UNDER SURGEON
-JONATHAN LETTERMAN]
-
-THE end of 1862, in the Civil War, found the army in the East in camp at
-Falmouth, Virginia, after severe reverses. In the Southwest a vigorous
-campaign was being waged by the heroes of Iuka and Corinth, Mississippi.
-Grant was in supreme command of the Federal corps in northern
-Mississippi. A movement was in operation against Vicksburg. Sherman was
-attempting to get into the rear of the city by the Chickasaw Bayou road
-which ran from the Yazoo battlefield to the Walnut Hills, six miles
-above the city. His column of thirty thousand men was defeated and
-driven back with dreadful slaughter on the twenty-eighth and
-twenty-ninth of December. Rosecranz was established at Nashville, while
-Bragg was putting his men into winter huts at Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
-The Federal troops enjoyed Christmas in camp and on the following
-morning, in a cold rain, the Army of the Cumberland advanced to Stone
-River where it enters the Cumberland River just above Nashville. At
-sunrise on the last day of 1862, Rosecranz's army met Bragg's forces
-with a deafening roar of artillery and musketry that fairly caused the
-earth to tremble. The fighting on both sides was of a determined
-character. The fields were literally covered with dead and dying men.
-Victory was claimed by both the Federals and the Confederates.
-Photographs are here shown of Chickasaw Bayou and the deadly Poison
-Spring on the battlefield; also an excellent portrait of the medical
-corps of the Army of the Potomac, in camp under charge of Dr. Jonathan
-Letterman, a prominent battlefield surgeon.
-
-
-
-
-EVERY AMERICAN citizen pledges his "life, fortune and sacred honor" to
-the truth that "all men are created free and equal," and that they are
-endowed by their Creator, with certain "unalienable rights." It was
-fidelity to this oath, as sacred as life itself, that led the American
-people to rush "to arms" to defend it.
-
-The mobilization of a volunteer army, of freemen born and bred in the
-arts of peace, never was known until the new Republic of the Western
-Hemisphere championed the cause of Liberty and common manhood.
-Battle-trained monarchies declared that it could not be maintained; that
-the hundreds of thousands of men who were offering their services to
-their country could never stand the severe exposures and deprivations of
-warfare. The tongues of the Nations knew not what they were talking.
-These men were fighters, not by training or nature, but by an honest
-impulse of the heart they were patriots. It was not love of adventure
-that urged the strongest men of the North to leave home and family and
-shoulder a musket under the Stars and Stripes; nor was it a brutal love
-of combat that marshalled the best manhood of the South to the flag of
-the Confederacy. It was an impulse that no people had ever before felt.
-It was a sense of justice that was early kindled in the American Heart
-with the first tidings of the Declaration of Independence.
-
-
-[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL AMBROSE EVERETT BURNSIDE ON HIS HORSE ON
-THE BATTLEFIELD IN 1863
-
-One day during the interval between the defeat at Fredericksburg,
-Virginia, and the siege at Knoxville, Tennessee, General Burnside was
-mounted on his favorite charger, viewing his army maneuvers in the
-distance, when one of the Brady cameras was brought into focus and, with
-the General's permission, the negative was secured--General Burnside
-valued this photograph highly]
-
-
-While the anguish of the Civil War was brooding over the Nation,
-mountain and valley, plain and forest, farm and factory--from ocean to
-ocean--offered its strongest manhood in defense of the country. New
-York, the largest state in the Western World, sent the greatest number
-of men to the line of battle--448,850; then came Pennsylvania with
-337,936; Ohio with 313,180, and Illinois with 259,092. Indiana came to
-the front with 196,363; Massachusetts with 146,730, and Missouri brought
-109,111.
-
-Wisconsin offered 61,327 of her sons; Michigan, 87,364; New Jersey,
-76,814; Iowa, 76,242; Kentucky, 75,760; Maine, 70,107, and Connecticut,
-55,864.
-
-Maryland marched under the Stars and Stripes with 46,638; New Hampshire
-with 33,937, Vermont with 33,288; West Virginia, 32,068; Tennessee,
-31,092; Minnesota with 24,020; Rhode Island, 23,236, and Kansas, 20,149.
-
-From the Pacific Coast, California answered with 15,725; District of
-Columbia contributed 16,534 to the support of the Government; Delaware
-furnished 12,284 men; Arkansas, 8,289; New Mexico, 6,561. The Southern
-State of Louisiana, dear to the heart of the Confederacy, came to the
-support of the Union with 5,224; Colorado with 4,903; Nebraska, 3,157;
-North Carolina, 3,156; Alabama, 2,576. The border state of Texas sent
-1,965; far-away Oregon, 1,810; Florida, 1,290; Nevada, 1,080; Washington
-gave 964; Mississippi, 545, and Dakota, 206. These are the contributions
-of the states. The Negro Race, the freedom of which was one of the
-results of the War, supported their cause with 186,097 troops, while the
-Indian Nation sent 3,530. In the regular army there were enlisted during
-the War about 67,000 men. There were thousands of brave soldiers who
-fought in the Civil War, claiming no Commonwealth as their home, but who
-joined the ranks as Common Americans.
-
-The spirit which animated the American People is shown by several
-occasions when troops were needed to avert impending disaster, and they
-poured into the army from remote states with incredible speed. The year
-1863 witnessed the battles of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, of
-Vicksburg and Chickamauga and Chattanooga. It was the turning point in
-the struggle and Brady's cameras caught many of the most dramatic scenes
-worthy of reproduction.
-
-
-
-
-"FIGHTING Joe" Hooker is one of the notable figures of the Civil War.
-When a boy of fourteen years, he entered West Point and served in the
-Mexican War in the same regiment with "Stonewall" Jackson. His early
-life was crowded with hard fighting and when thirty-nine years of age he
-resigned from the army and went to California, where he became
-superintendent of the National Road and also entered into agriculture.
-He answered the call to arms in 1861 and entered into the defense of
-Washington. During the battles around Fair Oaks, Hooker led his men
-courageously into many daring positions. His bravery at Malvern Hill
-gave him the rank of major-general, and at Antietam he fell wounded
-before the Confederate guns while trying to force the army into a
-complete surrender. He commanded the center at Fredericksburg. On the
-twenty-sixth of January, 1863, he was appointed to the command of the
-Army of the Potomac and began its thorough reorganization. On the
-twenty-eighth of April he crossed the Rappahannock and arrived at
-Chancellorsville two days later. On the second of May, a fearful
-onslaught was made by "Stonewall" Jackson--his old comrade of the
-Mexican War as a foe. "Stonewall" Jackson was wounded by one of his own
-sentinels. His men, who were devoted to him, lost heart, and, after a
-battle of three days, Hooker succeeded in withdrawing his army in
-safety, after losses in killed, wounded and missing of 16,030 against a
-Confederate loss of 12,281. This photograph of Hooker and his staff was
-taken shortly after this battle at Chancellorsville. Hooker may be seen
-sitting in the second chair from the right. This is considered an
-excellent likeness of the warrior.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN SHORTLY AFTER THE BATTLE OF
-CHANCELLORSVILLE IN 1863--MAJOR-GENERAL JOSEPH HOOKER AND STAFF]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ALONG LINE OF CONFEDERATE PRISONERS
-AFTER CAVALRY CHARGE IN 1863]
-
-THE retreat from Chancellorsville began on the fourth of May, in 1863.
-In the midst of a pouring rain, with ammunition wagons and cavalry
-struggling hub-deep through the mud, the Federals moved back to the
-Rappahannock. The ponderous batteries, with heavy wheels wrapped in
-blankets, passed over the road. Then came the ordnance supply trains,
-swathed in strips of cloth, followed by columns of hurrying infantry.
-During the remainder of May, neither of the armies assumed an offensive
-attitude. Lee, now in high hopes, began preparations for a second
-invasion in Maryland. Panic again seized the people of the North.
-Lincoln called on Pennsylvania for 50,000 militia; Ohio, 30,000; New
-York, 20,000; Maryland and Virginia, 10,000 each. The Army of the
-Potomac had lost all of its two years' service men and its strength did
-not reach 100,000. The Confederacy had been endeavoring for months to
-induce England to recognize it as a separate nation, but learned that it
-must first conquer Northern territory. Lee's movements began early in
-June and resulted in frequent skirmishes as he approached the Potomac.
-This photograph was taken immediately after one of these encounters at
-Aldie, Virginia, on the seventeenth of June, 1863. The Confederate
-cavalry, under "Jeb" Stuart, was guarding the passes of the Bull Run
-mountains and watching Hooker's Army. There was a succession of cavalry
-combats and many Confederates were taken prisoners. This view shows a
-group of Confederates under a Union guard composed largely of negro
-soldiers.
-
-
-
-
-IN the stirring scenes of war there is nothing more exciting than to see
-a battery take position in battle. On the sixth of June, in 1863, this
-picture was secured by the government photographers just as the
-artillery was going into action on the south bank of the Rappahannock
-River. It is one of the earliest attempts to secure a photograph at the
-instant of motion and was taken at a strategic moment during Sedgwick's
-reconnaissance. An artilleryman who remembers the day says that while a
-battery has not the thrill of the cavalry charge, nor the grimness of a
-line of bayonets moving to slaughter, there is an intense emotion about
-it that brings the tears to the eyes and the cheers to the throats of
-battle-scarred veterans. Every horse on the gallop, every rider lashing
-his team and yelling; through ugly clumps of bushes; over fallen logs
-and falling men--the sight is one that can never be forgotten. The guns
-jump from the ground as the heavy wheels strike a rock or lunge from a
-ditch, but not a horse slackens his pace, not a cannoneer loses his
-seat. Six guns, six caissons, sixty horses, eighty men race for the brow
-of the hill. Boom! Boom! The ground shakes and trembles. The roar shuts
-out all sound from a line several miles long. Shells shriek through the
-swamps, cutting down great trees, mowing deep gaps in regiments of men.
-It is like a tornado howling through the forest, followed by billows of
-fire. There are men to-day who will look upon this picture and live
-again the scenes which it recalls. Artillery is the great support of
-armies and often saves them from defeat.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS ARTILLERY WAS GOING INTO ACTION ON
-THE RAPPAHANNOCK IN 1863]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE CAPTAIN GEORGE A. CUSTER AND
-MAJOR-GENERAL ALFRED PLEASONTON WERE AT BRANDY STATION, VIRGINIA, IN
-1863]
-
-THERE have been few men in American wars more daring than General George
-A. Custer. As a cavalryman, he won a place in military history by his
-bravery. Custer was a captain on the staff of General Pleasonton during
-the operations early in 1863. This photograph was taken near Brandy
-Station, Virginia, in June, 1863. It shows Custer on his black war-horse
-conferring with Pleasonton who is astride a gray charger. The
-Confederate cavalry had succeeded in breaking a part of the Federal
-rank. Pleasonton turned in his saddle and called to Custer: "Ride to our
-right and get the battery in position to reply to these infernal guns."
-Custer spurred his horse into the thunder of cannon and the crash of
-musket and carbine volleys. "The man is lost," muttered Pleasonton.
-Suddenly, emerging from the bank of smoke, the Union batteries wheeled
-into view under the rapid fire. Custer dashed across the field. From
-that moment he became a notable figure in the war. He was then but
-twenty-three years of age, but was immediately appointed by Lincoln a
-brigadier-general of volunteers. In speaking of him, General Pleasonton
-said: "I regard Custer as one of the finest cavalry officers in the
-world, and, therefore, have placed him in command of what is no doubt
-the best cavalry brigade in the world." Custer was about six feet tall,
-with sharp blue eyes, and light hair hanging over his shoulders. He had
-a slight impediment in his speech and uttered a shrill yell as he rushed
-like an avalanche at his foe. He wore a black velvet jacket, slouched
-hat and a red scarf cravat.
-
-
-
-
-THE Army of the Potomac lay massed about the city of Frederick. Lee was
-rushing toward the Susquehanna. Hooker disagreed with Halleck at
-Washington regarding his method of attack and resigned his command,
-requesting instant release from further responsibility. Lincoln accepted
-the resignation and appointed General George G. Meade to the chief
-command. In the midst of this momentous campaign the great army changed
-leaders. This photograph was taken shortly after Meade began his
-operations. It shows him with his generals of the Army of the Potomac.
-Meade occupies the chair in the center of the picture. At this time he
-was about forty-eight years of age. He had graduated from West Point
-when nineteen years old, but resigned the following year and remained
-out of the army for the next six years, but returned in the period
-preceding the Mexican War, after which he was engaged in the survey of
-the northern lakes. He was one of the first to respond to the call in
-1861. He took part in the early engagements of the Army of the Potomac
-and was in the Battle of Mechanicsville and Gaine's Mills and the Battle
-of Newmarket Crossroads. When Hooker was wounded at Antietam, Meade took
-charge of a corps and continued the brave fight during the remainder of
-the day. He had two horses killed under him and was slightly wounded,
-but did not leave the field. At Fredericksburg he led his men boldly to
-the Confederate works. In the Battle of Chancellorsville, Meade's corps
-carried the earth-works and fought fearlessly. On the twenty-eighth day
-of June, in 1863, Meade assumed command of the Army of the Potomac. The
-tide of battle seemed to turn with his appointment and his victories are
-almost unparalleled.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHEN MAJOR-GENERAL GEORGE G. MEADE
-COMMANDED THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ON THE FIELD OF GETTYSBURG AFTER THE
-BATTLE IN 1863]
-
-THE turning point of the Civil War is the Battle of Gettysburg. From
-that day the Confederate cause began to wane. Few battles of modern
-times show such great percentage of loss. Out of the one hundred and
-sixty thousand men engaged on both sides, forty-four thousand were
-killed or wounded. Brady's cameras reached the field of battle in time
-to perpetuate some of its scenes. The ghastliness of the pictures is
-such that it is with some hesitation that any of them are presented in
-these pages. It is on the horrors of war, however, that all pleas of
-peace are based. Only by depicting its gruesomeness can the age of
-arbitration be hastened. It is with this in mind that this photograph is
-here revealed. There is probably not another in existence that witnesses
-more fearful tragedy. The photograph is taken on the field of Gettysburg
-about nineteen hours after the last day's battle. It shows a Union
-soldier terribly mutilated by a shell of a Confederate gun. His arm is
-torn off and may be seen on the ground near his musket. The shell that
-killed this soldier disemboweled him in its fiendishness. This picture
-is as wonderful as it is horrible and should do more in the interest of
-peace than any possible argument. Something of the bloodshed on the
-battlefield of Gettysburg may be understood when it is considered that
-the battlefield, which covered nearly twenty-five square miles, was
-literally strewn with dead bodies, many of them mutilated even worse
-than the one in this picture. The surviving veterans of Gettysburg have
-seen war's most horrible aspects. Gallant and daring commanders led
-those brave men in that three days' inferno, from the first to the third
-of July, in 1863.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: BOROUGH OF GETTYSBURG IN 1863--SCENE OF ONE OF WORLD'S
-GREATEST CONFLICTS]
-
-[Illustration: MEADE'S HEADQUARTERS ON CEMETERY RIDGE]
-
-GETTYSBURG witnessed some of the hardest fighting that the world has
-ever seen. This photograph was taken a short time after the battle in
-1863. This little borough became a field of carnage. In the surrounding
-hills occurred the terrific conflict of Big Round Top and Little Round
-Top, Seminary Ridge and Cemetery Ridge, and Culp's Hill, the Bloody
-Wheatfield and Peach Orchard. A view is given of the little house in
-which General Meade made his headquarters. On the first day of battle
-this house was in direct range of the artillery fire rained by the
-Confederates on the Union lines just before Pickett's great charge. The
-horses of General Meade's aides were hitched to the fence and trees near
-the house. Sixteen of these horses were killed during the artillery
-fire, and their dead bodies are seen in the road.
-
-[Illustration: LEE'S HEADQUARTERS ON SEMINARY RIDGE]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: DEAD ARTILLERY HORSES AFTER FIGHT AT TROSTLE'S HOUSE AND
-BARN IN GETTYSBURG]
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE DEAD ON GETTYSBURG "WHEATFIELD"]
-
-SOME knowledge of the slaughter of Gettysburg may be gained by this
-picture of Trostle's house and barn at which was stationed a Union
-battery of light artillery. This view shows where the guns stood.
-Sixty-five of the eighty-eight artillery horses were left dead on the
-field. About this time, on the last day of the greatest battle of the
-war, Pickett made his fierce charge, which is one of the mightiest in
-history. It was witnessed by the two great armies in the middle of the
-afternoon of a summer day--a most spectacular tragedy of magnificent
-courage. It has been said that Gettysburg was the common soldier's
-battle and that its great results were due, not so much to military
-strategy as to the intelligent courage and the magnificent heroism of
-the brave soldiers.
-
-[Illustration: SHATTERED CAISSON--GETTYSBURG "PEACH ORCHARD"]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: DEAD AMONG THE ROCKS OF LITTLE ROUND TOP ON GETTYSBURG
-BATTLEFIELD]
-
-[Illustration: DEAD SHARPSHOOTER IN "DEVIL'S DEN" ON LITTLE ROUND TOP AT
-GETTYSBURG]
-
-[Illustration: UNCOVERED CONFEDERATE GRAVE AT GETTYSBURG]
-
-GETTYSBURG is the "Waterloo of the American Continent." A photograph is
-here shown of the dead soldiers lying on the battlefield. To silence
-Hazlett's Battery, which was posted on the summit of Little Round Top,
-the Confederates pushed their sharpshooters among the rocks in the
-mountain. A few hours before these photographs were taken one of these
-sharpshooters mortally wounded General Weed, who was directing the
-movement of his troops from the summit. Lieutenant Hazlett, who was an
-old schoolmate of the fallen general, was commanding the battery and
-hastened to take the dying words of his friend and comrade, when he,
-too, fell dead, pierced by a bullet from the dread sharpshooters. Like a
-flash the guns of the battery were turned on the "Devil's Den" from
-which came the fatal shots as this picture attests.
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE DEAD IN "WHEATFIELD" AT GETTYSBURG]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: EARTHWORKS AT CULP'S HILL AT GETTYSBURG IN 1863]
-
-[Illustration: TENTS ALONG RIVER FRONT AT VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI, IN
-1863]
-
-[Illustration: BATTLEFIELD OF BIG BLACK RIVER IN MISSISSIPPI IN 1863]
-
-AS the tide of battle drifted to the West in 1863, the war photographers
-hurried to the region of the Mississippi. Grant had been pursuing his
-operations toward Vicksburg. With Sherman and McClernand, he was
-maneuvering to take the key to the South by storm. A photograph is here
-shown of Champion Hills near Big Black River territory, on the outskirts
-of Vicksburg, where the armies first met. The Confederates held a strong
-line of earthworks on the eastern bank of the river. The Federals,
-before a heavy fire of musketry, crossed a ditch, delivered a terrific
-volley, and clambered over the breastworks with empty muskets. The
-Confederates, in falling back, found that their comrades had set fire to
-both of the bridges and were compelled to surrender. Two thousand
-prisoners, eighteen pieces of artillery, six thousand stand of small
-arms, and many commissary stores were captured. General Lawler's Brigade
-led the charge. The battle lasted four hours. On the eighteenth of May,
-1863, the Federals began crossing the Big Black by felling trees on both
-banks so that they tumbled into the river and interlaced, using bales of
-cotton instead of boats. On the morning of the twenty-second, with
-furious cannonading, the last assault on the defences of Vicksburg was
-made. This campaign is a remarkable military exploit. In twenty days
-Grant crossed the Mississippi River with his entire force, moved into
-the rear of Vicksburg, fought and won four distinct battles, captured
-the State Capitol, and destroyed the Confederate arsenals and
-manufactories. His troops marched one hundred eighty miles with only
-five days' rations from the quartermaster, and captured over six
-thousand prisoners, twenty-seven cannon and sixty-one field pieces. All
-this was accomplished by forty thousand brave men against sixty
-thousand.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: BOMB-PROOF CAMP IN UNION LINES IN FRONT OF VICKSBURG]
-
-[Illustration: BEHIND THE ENTRENCHMENT AT BATTERY SHERMAN BEFORE
-VICKSBURG]
-
-THE Confederate works held by Pemberton at Vicksburg were seven miles
-long. Grant's lines about the city extended over fifteen miles.
-Commander Porter brought down all his mortar boats on the Mississippi
-and began a fusilade of six thousand mortar shells a day, while the land
-batteries threw four thousand. In the meantime, famine stalked through
-Vicksburg on the thirty-sixth day of the siege. Mule and dog meat, with
-bean flour and corn coffee formed the daily fare. The earth trembled
-under the concussions from the Army and Navy cannon and the entire
-forest was set on fire. The Confederate general, on the morning of July
-third, proposed an armistice, preparatory to recapitulation. Grant met
-the Confederate commander under an oak tree. At ten o'clock on the
-morning of July fourth, General Logan began a march into Vicksburg and
-hoisted the American ensign over the court-house. The fall of Vicksburg
-and the defeat of Lee at Gettysburg occurred on the same day and lifted
-the hearts of the Northern people to a sense of thanksgiving, for it was
-believed that the war was now over. During the siege the Confederate
-loss was fifty-six thousand men. Grant captured more than sixty thousand
-muskets, light and heavy artillery, with a vast amount of other
-property, such as locomotives, cars, steamboats and cotton. The Federal
-loss during the siege was about 9,000 killed, wounded and missing. The
-war cameras followed the Union Army into the captured city and the old
-negatives vividly picture the conditions. A camera was taken to the
-bomb-proof quarters of Logan's Division and into Battery Sherman. These
-negatives are here reproduced. About this same time several cameras were
-taken into the far South and one of the first negatives was taken at Big
-Black River Station in Mississippi and another at New Orleans when the
-commissioned officers of the 19th Iowa Infantry were being brought in
-from Camp Ford, Texas, as exchanged prisoners of war.
-
-[Illustration: PRISONERS OF WAR FROM TEXAS]
-
-[Illustration: BIG BLACK RIVER STATION IN MISSISSIPPI]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: BOMB-PROOF AT FORT WAGNER UNDER HEAVY FIRE IN 1863]
-
-THE Government at Washington believed that it was now time to secure the
-reparation for the firing on Fort Sumter which had precipitated the War.
-Sumter, during the entire conflict had been the center of a radius of
-forts which now had over three hundred guns mostly of the heaviest
-caliber. It held a strong position on the Atlantic Coast and protected
-the land movements about South Carolina. Fort Sumter barred the main
-channel. On Sullivan's Island were Fort Moultrie, Fort Beauregard,
-Battery Bee and sand bag batteries at the extremity. On James Island
-stood Fort Johnson, Fort Ripley and smaller forts. Castle Pinckney lay
-in front of the city, and on Morris Island there were Battery Gregg,
-Fort Wagner, and a battery on Lighthouse Inlet. All the channels were
-blocked with huge iron chains, and an immense hawser buoyed with empty
-casks, extended from Fort Sumter to Fort Ripley, the entire harbor being
-blocked with torpedoes. Brady's cameras lay in the Union lines and
-occasionally were ventured toward the Confederate fortifications. Many
-negatives of exteriors were obtained at a distance. After the forts fell
-into the Government control the cameras were taken behind the
-breast-works. These remarkable negatives are now exhibited and reveal
-the secrets of the Confederates. The picture of the bomb-proof at Fort
-Wagner, under heavy fire in 1863, reveals the ingenuity of the engineers
-in both armies in utilizing every available substance in protecting the
-soldiers. The Confederates constructed many strong fortifications and
-they fell only under the severest bombardment from the heaviest guns of
-the Federal troops.
-
-[Illustration: FORT JOHNSON ON JAMES' ISLAND IN 1863]
-
-[Illustration: FORT MARSHALL ON SULLIVAN'S ISLAND IN 1863]
-
-[Illustration: INTERIOR OF FORT MOULTRIE ON SULLIVAN'S ISLAND]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: 300-POUNDER PARROTT GUN IN BATTERY STRONG AFTER BURSTING
-OF MUZZLE]
-
-[Illustration: BATTERY BROWN--TWO 8-INCH PARROTT RIFLES, ONE OF WHICH
-BURST DURING BOMBARDMENT]
-
-[Illustration: FIVE 10-INCH SIEGE MORTARS IN BATTERY REYNOLDS FIRING
-AGAINST FORT SUMTER]
-
-[Illustration: NAVAL BATTERY OF TWO 80-P0UNDER WHITWORTH'S--BREECHING
-BATTERY AGAINST FORT SUMTER]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: SECTION OF BIRCHMEYER'S BATTERY IN SECOND PARALLEL]
-
-[Illustration: FORT SUMTER IN RUINS AFTER BOMBARDMENT IN 1863]
-
-[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL QUINCY A. GILLMORE AND STAFF IN 1863]
-
-EARLY in 1863 the Government decided that Fort Sumter must be reduced.
-Admiral Dahlgren was given full charge of the undertaking. On the
-eighteenth of July, the land forces under General Quincy A. Gillmore
-began siege. He erected batteries across Morris Island and commenced
-fire on Fort Wagner while Dahlgren attacked both Fort Wagner and Fort
-Sumter. Fort Wagner responded with only two guns which led Gillmore to
-believe that the Confederates were demoralized. The Federal troops were
-within two hundred yards of the fort before the Confederates opened
-grape fire. A flash of musketry blazed from the parapet. The daring
-Federals rushed at the fort and clambered up the exterior slope. It was
-here that Joseph Alvan Wooster, color bearer for the Sixth Connecticut,
-performed the valiant deed that cost him his life. He climbed along in
-advance of the line and triumphantly placed his flag on the parapet. A
-Confederate soldier sprang forward and placed the muzzle of his musket
-on Wooster's heart and fired. General Putnam rushed to the rescue with a
-brigade, only to be killed, with nearly every commissioned officer in
-his command. The remnants of Strong's and Putnam's command retired,
-having lost over half of their strength. General Gillmore, and his
-staff, in charge of the land forces at Charleston allowed the war
-photographers to turn the lens on them in camp. The general was born in
-Black River, Loraine County, Ohio, and had graduated from West Point. In
-1861 he was placed on General W. T. Sherman's staff on the South
-Carolina Expedition. During February, 1862, he commenced operations for
-the attack of Fort Pulaski, on the Savannah River, Georgia. On April 28,
-1862, he was promoted to a brigadier-generalship of volunteers. In
-September, 1862, he was ordered to the West as Commander of the District
-of Western Virginia, of the Department of the Ohio. He was afterwards
-assigned to the command of one of the Divisions of the Army of Kentucky.
-He assumed command of Department of South Carolina June 12, 1863.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: THE 8-INCH PARROTT RIFLE GUN. "SWAMP ANGEL" AFTER
-BURSTING]
-
-ON the ninth of August the Federal cannon were within three hundred and
-thirty yards of Fort Wagner and the guns were trained on Fort Sumter and
-Battery Gregg. General Gillmore had a small battery placed in a marsh
-west of Morris Island, on which was an eight-inch Parrott Gun nick-named
-the "Swamp Angel." It had a range of five miles and threw its enormous
-shells into the city of Charleston. The Confederate fortifications were
-reinforced by General Beauregard and maintained a continuous fire from
-over two hundred guns. On the seventeenth of August, Gillmore had twelve
-heavy guns on Morris Island, and the simultaneous assault by batteries
-and infantry was directed against Fort Sumter. For seven days this
-terrible fusilade continued. Over one hundred thousand shells and shot
-were thrown into the fort which was battered into ruins. The bombardment
-of Fort Sumter was begun on the fifth of September and continued for
-forty-two hours. An assault was planned for the ninth, but when daylight
-came it was found that several forts were abandoned. It was supposed
-that Fort Sumter was tenantless. A boat load of soldiers was sent to
-take possession. As they landed, a terrific volley of musketry was
-fired. The Confederates fought like tigers from covered positions in the
-ruins of the fort. The Federals abandoned the attempt without further
-molestation, satisfied with the destruction they had wrought and the
-successful blockade of Charleston Harbor. The views engraved by the lens
-on these pages lay the actual scenes of destruction before the eyes of
-the world. The "Swamp Angel" was one of the demons of war. Piles were
-driven, a platform was laid upon them, and a parapet was built with bags
-of sand, fifteen thousand being required. All this had to be done after
-dark, and occupied fourteen nights. Then, with great labor, the
-eight-inch rifled gun was dragged across the swamp and mounted on this
-platform. It was nearly five miles from Charleston, but by firing with a
-high elevation was able to reach the lower part of the city. The
-soldiers named this gun the "Swamp Angel." Late in August it was ready
-for work, and, after giving notice for the removal of non-combatants,
-General Gillmore opened fire, and produced great consternation, but at
-the thirty-sixth discharge the "Swamp Angel" burst, and was never
-replaced.
-
-[Illustration: BATTERED EXTERIOR OF FORT SUMTER]
-
-[Illustration: DESTRUCTION AFTER BOMBARDMENT OF SUMTER]
-
-[Illustration: WRECKED INTERIOR OF FORT SUMTER]
-
-[Illustration: DISMOUNTED CANNON AT FORT SUMTER]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: DESTROYED RAILROAD BRIDGE, BRIDGEPORT, ALABAMA--PONTOON
-IN COURSE OF CONSTRUCTION]
-
-[Illustration: BLOCKHOUSES AND ARMY BRIDGE ACROSS TENNESSEE RIVER NEAR
-CHATTANOOGA]
-
-[Illustration: ON BATTLEFIELD OF CHICKAMAUGA CREEK--LEE AND GORDON'S
-MILLS]
-
-WHEN Vicksburg fell, the cheering along the Federal lines in the
-Mississippi Campaign aroused the attention of the Confederate pickets
-until it was carried clear through to Louisiana, where the Confederate
-forces were concentrated at Port Hudson. General Banks had succeeded
-Butler at New Orleans and was co-operating with Grant on the Mississippi
-to take possession of the Red River region and expel the Confederate
-forces from Louisiana and Texas. The siege of Port Hudson had been hard
-fought. The Confederates under General Gardner agreed that if Vicksburg
-had fallen their surrender was the only thing left for them. On the
-ninth of July, in 1863, the Confederate general at Port Hudson with
-visible emotion tendered his sword. It was declined because his bravery
-entitled him to retain it. The Federals were now in the entire
-possession of the Mississippi. While Grant's Army had been pounding at
-the gates of Vicksburg, Rosecranz was maneuvering with Bragg at
-Murfreesboro, Tennessee. For six months these two armies stood
-confronted, but met only in severe skirmishes. Rosecranz compelled Bragg
-to fall back from one place to another. He was driven through middle
-Tennessee, to Bridgeport, Alabama, where he crossed the Tennessee River,
-burned the bridge behind him and entered Chattanooga. The Brady cameras
-were in the Union lines and arrived in time to secure this negative of
-the ruined bridge and the pontoon bridge that was being built by the
-Union forces in pursuit of Bragg. A clash came at Chickamauga, a point
-about twelve miles from Chattanooga, on the nineteenth and twentieth of
-September, in 1863. It has been called the greatest battle of the West.
-The cannonading and the musketry was at close range and the Federal
-lines were being swept back when General Thomas and his men made the
-heroic stand that saved the Federal Army from destruction, after a loss
-of 15,851, killed, wounded and missing. The Confederate victory was
-gained at the cost of 17,804.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: BATTLEGROUND OF MISSIONARY RIDGE NEAR CHATTANOOGA,
-TENNESSEE, TWO DAYS AFTER BATTLE]
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE PRISONERS AT CHATTANOOGA]
-
-CHICKAMAUGA has been called the greatest battle in the West. When the
-smoke of the conflict had lifted, the war photographers found the
-Federal Army closed up in Chattanooga. The Confederate general moved to
-cut off all communication to the Federal lines, seizing roads,
-destroying the bridges and preventing access to Nashville where the base
-of supplies had been located. The Army of the Cumberland was reduced to
-the verge of starvation. Not less than 10,000 horses and mules perished.
-Grant was given command of the department of the Mississippi, comprising
-the armies and departments of the Ohio, Tennessee and Cumberland. He
-telegraphed to Thomas: "Hold Chattanooga at all hazards." The hero of
-Chattanooga replied: "I will hold the town until we starve."
-
-[Illustration: BLOCKHOUSES NEAR CHATTANOOGA]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT IN MISSISSIPPI CAMPAIGN, 1863]
-
-[Illustration: "BATTLE ABOVE THE CLOUDS" ON LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN IN
-TENNESSEE--ENGINEERS OF ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND IN CAMP]
-
-THE war cameras reached Nashville on the same day that Grant entered the
-city, October 21, 1863, and followed him closely throughout the
-campaign. Grant hurried to Chattanooga and found the troops without
-shoes or clothing, and all food exhausted. He telegraphed to Burnside to
-hold Knoxville and appealed to Admiral Porter at Cairo to send gunboats
-to convey transports carrying rations from St. Louis for Sherman's Army,
-which was moving up from the Mississippi. Bragg was entrenched on
-Missionary Ridge, extending along the crest and across Chattanooga
-Valley to Lookout Mountain. The Confederate fortifications were very
-strong and their lines reached over the Raccoon Mountain. The war
-cameras were taken to the foothills of Lookout Mountain, where an
-engineers' brigade of the Army of the Cumberland was encamped. Grant
-succumbed to appeals to stand before the camera and the negative is here
-reproduced. The haggard expression on his face shows the tremendous
-responsibility that rested upon him. On the twenty-third of November, in
-1863, long lines of infantry moved forward and the heavy guns opened
-fire. The Federal lines flashed across the valley sweeping everything
-before them, pushing the Confederate skirmish line from their rifle
-pits, to the foothills of Lookout Mountain. On the twenty-fourth, Grant
-stood on the top of Orchard Knob, watching Hooker's men rush to the side
-of Lookout Mountain, leaping from one rocky ledge to another, scrambling
-over huge boulders, and through deep chasms in a rain of solid shot and
-shell. They charged almost to the muzzle of the enemy's cannon, gaining
-ground foot by foot, until at last they reached the foot of the
-Palisades, and were finally lost in the mist that veiled the mountain.
-For three hours the battle raged above the clouds. At sunset the mist
-disappeared and moonlight fell on old Lookout. The Confederate forces
-could be seen occupying the summit. Hooker's men scaled the Palisades.
-The Confederates withdrew into the woods and sought the protection of
-the night. At sunrise, on the twenty-fifth of November, these Kentucky
-soldiers unfurled the Stars and Stripes. A great cheer arose from the
-army in the valley.
-
-
-
-
-THE Battle of Lookout Mountain is the most spectacular in history. It
-was impossible to carry the war camera over its rugged heights. Had they
-succeeded in getting to the summit, the mist that enveloped the valley
-would have made it impossible to have secured a single scene of the
-great conflict. The Federals occupied a strong position on the mountain,
-looking across the Chattanooga Valley to Missionary Ridge, where Bragg
-had concentrated his entire army. The twenty-fifth of November was a
-magnificent day. Seldom has a battle begun under a brighter sun. The
-Confederate artillery frowned from the summit of Missionary Ridge. The
-glittering steel of Hooker's men flashed on Lookout Mountain. The
-Cumberland veterans under Thomas were a solemn phalanx in the valley
-while Sherman's compact lines were eager for the charge. On the top of
-Orchard Knob stood Grant's bugler and the echoes of the "Forward" signal
-fell into the valley, being taken up by the other buglers in melodious
-refrain. Hooker's men moved down the eastern slope of Lookout Mountain,
-sweeping across the valley in grand lines. Bragg's batteries were
-centered on Sherman, who swept his men heroically forward over a
-succession of low hills.
-
-
-[Illustration: GENERALS GRANT, SHERMAN, SHERIDAN, HOOKER, HARNEY, DODGE,
-GIBBON, POTTER, AT FORT SANDERS]
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY CAPTURED AT MISSIONARY
-RIDGE--PARKED NEAR CHATTANOOGA]
-
-
-UNDER fire from the Confederates, Corse's Brigade struggled desperately
-for an hour and a half without gaining advantage, while Generals Loomis
-and Smith took possession of Missionary Ridge. At two in the afternoon
-occurred one of the most impressing spectacles ever witnessed on a
-battlefield. Union soldiers with fixed bayonets rushed into the storm of
-shell without firing a shot until after the skirmish line had been taken
-and the Sixth Brigade swept over the Confederate rifle pits. The men
-flung themselves to the earth to avoid the volleys of canister, grape
-and musketry that were hurled upon them. At sunset Sherman held Bragg's
-right in check; Hooker was driving at his left. The final assault on his
-center was begun and in twenty minutes Missionary Ridge was belching
-flames. Every Confederate gun and cannon was in action. The Federal
-soldiers rushed into the very mouth of death, reaching the crest,
-breaching the Confederate lines until they gave way and retreated. The
-cannon which they abandoned were swung and turned upon them. The victory
-had cost the Union Army 5,616, killed, wounded and missing, against a
-Confederate loss of 8,684.
-
-
-
-
-THE siege of Knoxville, Tennessee, was raised late in 1863. When the
-news of Bragg's defeat at Chattanooga reached Longstreet, who was
-besieging Knoxville, he knew that Grant would now send Burnside relief.
-Bragg decided to carry the city by storm. The attack was to be made on
-Fort Sanders, a Federal fort of great strength, containing twenty-six
-guns. The Confederate columns forced their way through a network of wire
-that had been wound from stump to stump, until they finally reached the
-parapet. A Confederate officer sprang to the summit with the flag of his
-regiment and demanded surrender. Pierced by a shower of bullets, his
-body rolled into the ditch, his hand clutching the flagstaff. The
-Confederates charged again only to be repulsed. Under a flag of truce
-the fighting ceased while Longstreet's men carried away their dead,
-dying and wounded. Grant had ordered twenty thousand men under General
-Granger to the rescue of the besieged city, but they failed to start,
-and Sherman hurried to the relief. He reached Knoxville on the fifth of
-December and found the siege reduced and Longstreet had started for
-Virginia. Sherman's troops had marched four hundred miles to fight at
-Chattanooga, then marched one hundred and two miles to compel the
-Confederates to retire from Knoxville. When the news reached the North,
-Grant was hailed as the Nation's saviour. Congress bestowed upon him a
-gold medal, while Bragg, the Confederate general, went down before a
-storm of indignation in the South. One of the war cameras shortly after
-the battle was placed on the parapet of Fort Sanders, and this negative
-of the ruins was taken, showing the University of Tennessee.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN OVER THE RUINS AT KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE,
-IN 1863, FROM FORT SANDERS]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: LIBBY PRISON AT RICHMOND CROWDED WITH UNION PRISONERS IN
-1864]
-
-[Illustration: ANDERSONVILLE PRISON WITH ITS "DEAD LINE" AND "BROOK"]
-
-IT is estimated that 188,000 Union soldiers and sailors endured the
-hardships of the sixteen Confederate prisons during the Civil War. In
-the prison yards are 36,401 graves. 11,599 of those released from
-prisons died before reaching their homes, and 12,000 after reaching
-home--making 60,000 lives sacrificed in Confederate prisons. Several
-estimates place the deaths as high as 80,000. Strange as it may seem,
-the war photographers succeeded in taking their cameras behind prison
-walls. Three of these remarkable negatives are here revealed. The first
-one was taken at Libby prison, Richmond, where most of the commissioned
-officers were confined. In Libby, men were often shot for approaching
-near enough to a window for a sentry to see their heads. The other two
-were secured within the "dead line" at Andersonville prison in Georgia.
-It was an open stockade with little or no shelter, covering about 30
-acres. The palisade was of pine logs 15 feet high, closely set together.
-Outside of this, at a distance of 120 feet, was another palisade, and
-between the two were the guards. About 20 feet from the inner stockade
-was a railing known as the "dead line," and any prisoner who passed it
-was instantly shot. A small stream flowed through the enclosure and
-furnished the prisoners their only supply of water. The cook houses and
-camp of the guards were placed on this stream, above the stockade.
-Starvation and disease drove many of the prisoners mad and they wandered
-across the "dead line" to end their misery. Fugitives were followed by
-horsemen and tracked by a large pack of blood hounds. The crowded
-condition of the prisons at the beginning of 1864 was appalling. There
-were as many as 33,000 hungry and dying men confined in Andersonville at
-one time, which gave a space of about four feet square to each man. Some
-of the other Confederate prisons were at Salisbury, North Carolina, at
-Florence, South Carolina, on Belle Island in the James River, at Tyler,
-Texas, at Millen, Georgia, and at Columbia, South Carolina. At Belle
-Isle the prisoners were packed so close that when they lay sleeping no
-one could turn over until the whole line agreed to turn simultaneously.
-While many imaginary pictures have been drawn from descriptions of
-Andersonville, it has remained for the lens to to engrave the actual
-scenes, and they are here perpetuated by the negatives.
-
-[Illustration: ANDERSONVILLE PRISON WITH ITS STOCKADE AND GUARD TOWERS]
-
-
-
-
-AMERICANS are the most loyal people on the face of the earth.
-Self-government encourages fidelity to Home and Country. In a nation
-where the _citizens are the Government_, patriotism cannot die. Unfurl
-the flag of a monarchy and there will be a dutiful reverence to it.
-Unfurl the Stars and Stripes of the Republic and there will arise a
-mighty ovation that thrills from the hearts of men--a spontaneous
-outburst that has never been heard except under the Emblem of Freedom.
-Liberty is everywhere the mother of patriots.
-
-
-[Illustration: SURGEONS ADMINISTERING TO THE WOUNDED]
-
-[Illustration: LIVES SACRIFICED FOR THEIR COUNTRY]
-
-[Illustration: BURIAL OF THE DEAD HEROES]
-
-PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN ON THE BATTLEFIELDS DURING THE CIVIL WAR IN THE UNITED
-STATES
-
-
-In the Civil War the heart of American Citizenship was put to the test
-and it was found "tried and true." The first call for volunteers came on
-April 15, 1861 for 75,000 militia for three months, and 91,816 men
-answered. The second call was on May 3, 1861, when Lincoln asked for
-500,000 men and the reply was 700,680. The third call on July 2, 1862
-for 300,000 troops for three years' service to their country brought
-421,465. The fourth call on August 4, 1862, for nine months' service met
-the response of 87,588 men. Under the fifth proclamation, on June 15,
-1863, for militia for six months' service, the ranks were recruited by
-16,361 men. The calls of October 17, 1863, and February 1, 1864, brought
-369,380 men. Under the call of March 14, 1864, came 292,193 men; between
-April 23 and July 18, 1864, there were 83,612 mustered into the United
-States' service. Lincoln's appeal to the manhood of the Nation on July
-18, 1864 was met by 386,461 men. The last call for volunteers came on
-December 19, 1864, and 212,212 patriots marched to the battle ground to
-help strike the last blow of the conflict. The willingness with which
-these men offered their lives to their country is the greatest tribute
-that can ever be paid to American patriotism. After the disasters on the
-Peninsula over 80,000 troops were enlisted, organized, armed, and
-marched to the battleground within four weeks. An army of 90,000
-infantry came to the front from the five states of Ohio, Indiana,
-Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin, within twenty days. In many instances
-over 60,000 recruits fell into line in less than a month. At the last
-moment of the War, and to the very scene of surrender, thousands of men
-were pouring into the field.
-
-If the world could have looked upon the marvelous spectacle of all the
-men who took part in the Civil War, marching five abreast, the
-triumphant procession would have stretched from the Atlantic, across the
-Continent, to the Pacific--a grand pageant of 1,696 regiments, six
-companies infantry; 272 regiments, two companies cavalry; 78 regiments,
-two companies artillery. The boys who wore the Gray could have
-intercepted this procession by another magnificent pageant reaching from
-the Canadian borders to the mountains of Mexico.
-
-The war cameras during 1864 were taxed to their utmost. It was the
-hardest test that had ever been given the new science of photography.
-The thrilling story of this closing year is told in the rare old
-negatives in these pages--actual photographs taken at the scene of
-battle.
-
-
-
-
-THE last days of 1863 were inactive. The armies in the East were going
-into winter quarters. Brady's men had experienced a hard year with their
-cameras, but had perpetuated many tragic incidents. One of the cameras
-was held in winter quarters at Rappahannock Station until early in 1864.
-It was used in recording conditions in camp and one of its negatives is
-here reproduced. This camp was occupied by the 50th New York Engineers.
-It was the duty of these engineers to construct roads, bridges and
-fortifications, and their services in the Civil War were of great
-importance. An interesting feature of this photograph is the row of
-pontoon boats on wheels. These pontoons are vessels, used to support the
-roadway of floating bridges. The boats were a small, substantial frame
-of wood, light of weight, and easily transported overland. By stretching
-them across a river an army could begin its movement to the other side
-within half an hour on reaching the banks. A pontoon train of the army
-carries about one hundred yards of pontoon bridge for each army corps,
-including the boats, roadway planks, etc. Early in the spring of 1864
-the skirmishing began for what promised to be the deadliest year of the
-Civil War. Sherman organized his expedition in February against
-Meridian, Mississippi, a position of great importance to the
-Confederacy, as it controlled the railroad communications with Mobile
-and Wilmington. Banks began his Red River expedition in March. Meade's
-columns crossed the Rapidan River, in Virginia, in May. Grant was placed
-in command of all the United States armies in the field on March 1,
-1864, while Sherman was given command of Federal armies in the West.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN WINTER QUARTERS AT RAPPAHANNOCK
-STATION, VIRGINIA, IN 1864]
-
-
-
-
-THE first great conflict of 1864 occurred on the fifth of May when the
-Army of the Potomac met Lee's forces in the Battle of the Wilderness. It
-was a virgin forest of oak and pine, choked with dense undergrowth. The
-Federal soldiers knew nothing of its entanglements, but the Confederates
-had full knowledge of the roads and wagon paths intersecting the woods.
-It was so dense that the troops found it necessary at times to move in
-single file. The artillery and cavalry had great difficulty in getting
-into the encounter, and in one of the sallies nearly all the men and
-horses were killed. The battle was deadly. Regiments shot into their own
-ranks as they fled through forest and undergrowth, becoming separated
-from the main line. General Longstreet, of the Confederate Army, was
-shot and severely wounded by his own men. Tremendous volleys of musketry
-rang through the woods. Dead leaves and branches were swept with flames.
-Men lost their way and wandered into the enemy's lines. So rapid was the
-fire that the muskets became hot and blistered the fingers of the
-soldiers. The losses in this great two-days' battle cannot be stated
-accurately. One estimate places the Union killed, wounded and missing at
-18,387 and the Confederate, 11,400. On the afternoon of the seventh of
-May, Grant moved his army toward Spottsylvania Court House, fifteen
-miles southeast of the Wilderness Battlefield, with the intent of
-getting between the enemy and Richmond and compelling Lee to fight at a
-disadvantage. It was during these maneuvers that this photograph was
-taken while the artillery was stationed at the edge of the forest. The
-negative was taken in the full light of the noonday sun in the Spring of
-1864.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE ARTILLERY WAS AT EDGE OF WOODS
-NEAR BATTLE OF WILDERNESS IN 1864]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: GENERAL MEADE AND GENERAL SEDGWICK WITH STAFF OFFICERS AT
-RAPPAHANNOCK STATION, MARCH, 1864]
-
-[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL G. K. WARREN AND STAFF AT BEVERLY HOUSE,
-SPOTTSYLVANIA]
-
-[Illustration: LOOKING TOWARDS SPOTTSYLVANIA COURT HOUSE FROM BEVERLY
-HOUSE, HEADQUARTERS OF GENERAL WARREN IN MAY, 1864]
-
-[Illustration: GERMANIA FORD, RAPIDAN RIVER, WHERE TROOPS CROSSED IN
-GRANT'S CAMPAIGN AGAINST RICHMOND BEFORE BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL JOHN SEDGWICK AND STAFF--SEDGWICK WAS
-KILLED AT SPOTTSYLVANIA IN 1864]
-
-[Illustration: GENERALS OF THE CAVALRY CORPS--SHERIDAN, MERRITT, DAVIS,
-GREGG, TORBERT AND WILSON]
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE DEAD ON THE BATTLEFIELD OF SPOTTSYLVANIA
-COURT HOUSE IN 1864]
-
-BOTH armies faced each other in full force at Spottsylvania Court House
-in the forenoon of the ninth of May, 1864. The Brady cameras arrived
-with the Government supply trains and perpetuated the historic scenes.
-While the Union lines were placing their batteries, they were annoyed by
-sharpshooters, and General Sedgwick was killed. His death was a great
-loss to the Federals, just as Jackson's had crippled the Confederacy.
-During the first day at Spottsylvania the Federals lost fully 10,000
-men, while the Confederates' loss was very nearly 9,000. The unburied
-bodies of 3,000 men lay scattered along the slopes of the ridges and
-under the trees. Out of the 200,000 Federals and Confederates who rushed
-into battle on the fifth of May, 43,000 were either dead, wounded, or
-prisoners, after three days of fighting. During the week the fighting
-extended along the Fredericksburg road, Laurel Hill and Ny River,
-reaching to Swift Creek and Cloyd's Mountain. The Army of the Potomac,
-since it crossed the Rapidan River, had lost nearly one-fourth of its
-men in the brief space of eight days, and now had a fighting force of
-only 87,000. The photograph of the Confederate dead was taken near
-Spottsylvania Court House, May 12, 1864, after Ewell's attack.
-
-[Illustration: SLING CART USED IN HAULING CAPTURED CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY
-AT DREWRY'S BLUFF ON THE JAMES RIVER IN 1864]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: DUTCH GAP CANAL ENTERING JAMES RIVER IN VIRGINIA--BUILT
-UNDER SEVERE FIRE]
-
-[Illustration: OBSTRUCTIONS IN JAMES RIVER NEAR DREWRY'S BLUFF]
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE FORT DARLING AT DREWRY'S BLUFF]
-
-[Illustration: AIKEN'S LANDING, WHERE PRISONERS WERE EXCHANGED]
-
-WHILE Grant was moving toward Richmond from the north, Butler was
-forcing his way from Yorktown on the south, threatening Richmond from
-the peninsula as McClellan had done two years before. It was at this
-time that the photographs here shown were taken in May, 1864. Butler
-succeeded in destroying part of the road from Petersburg to Richmond. He
-received word that Lee was in full retreat for Richmond, with Grant
-close upon his heels. One of the extreme southern positions in the
-defense of Richmond was Fort Darling at Drewry's Bluff. On the
-thirteenth of May, Butler succeeded in carrying a portion of the outer
-lines, capturing a considerable amount of artillery, but on the
-sixteenth he was repulsed and fell back upon Bermuda Hundred. A powerful
-Confederate battery on the James River barred the bridge toward
-Richmond. Butler conceived the idea of cutting a canal through the
-narrow neck of land known as Dutch Gap for the passage of the monitors.
-A photograph was taken of this canal, which was constructed under a
-severe and continuous fire. The dredge and steam pump used were
-bomb-proof. The greater part of the excavation was done by colored
-troops, who sought cover, from the bombardment of the enemy, in earthen
-dugouts that covered the site of the work. The canal was only 174 yards
-long, 43 yards wide at the top, 27 yards at the water level, and 13 5/10
-yards at a depth of 15 feet below water level. It cut off 4-3/4 miles of
-river navigation and the excavation was nearly 67,000 cubic yards. The
-war photographers secured many negatives of these operations and several
-of the most important ones are shown on these pages. One of them was
-taken at Aiken's Landing, where the flag-of-truce boat from Richmond
-came to discharge her cargo of poor, starved, and often dying Union
-prisoners, and received in exchange the same number of healthy, well-fed
-rebels from our guards. Two or three rough old canal boats, and the grim
-old monitor there at anchor, but above all the glorious old Stars and
-Stripes, and on the shore the loving hearts and kindly hands of friends.
-The soldiers called it "the gate into God's country."
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PONTOON BRIDGE AT JERICHO MILLS ON NORTH ANNA RIVER,
-VIRGINIA]
-
-[Illustration: HEADQUARTERS OF GRANT AND MEADE AT MASSAPONAX CHURCH,
-VIRGINIA]
-
-[Illustration: COUNCIL OF WAR AT MASSAPONAX CHURCH, VIRGINIA, IN
-1864--GENERALS GRANT AND MEADE, ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF WAR DANA AND
-STAFF OFFICERS]
-
-AFTER the battle of Spottsylvania Court House the war photographers
-exposed many negatives, during the five days that the relative positions
-of the two armies remained unchanged. Grant and Lee were engaged in
-brilliant strategy. Grant had thrown out his left until it rested on
-Massaponax Church. While the great General was in council of war at this
-place on the twenty-first of May, 1864, a remarkable photograph was
-taken. In the reproduction on this page it will be seen that the pews
-have been brought out under the trees and the officers are gathered to
-discuss the situation. Grant is sitting on the bench against the trees.
-With him are General Meade, Assistant Secretary of War, Charles A. Dana,
-and the staff officers. This was a critical time. The Union losses had
-been heavy and Lee had not yet been outwitted. This photograph is of
-much historic significance. In advance of Grant's movements, General
-Sheridan had started on a raid, with 10,000 sabres, and reaching the
-North Anna River, captured Beaver Dam Station, destroyed ten miles of
-railroad track and three freight trains containing a million and a half
-Confederate rations. Here he was fiercely assaulted by "Jeb" Stuart, but
-he succeeded in crossing the North Anna River by Ground-Squirrel Bridge
-and proceeded toward Richmond as far as Yellow Tavern, six miles from
-the Confederate Capital. Stuart fell mortally wounded and died in the
-city of Richmond. Sheridan then attempted to capture the works around
-Richmond, and Custer crossed the first line and seized two pieces of
-artillery and one hundred prisoners. Lee had fallen back from the North
-Anna River and assumed a position still covering Richmond. A photograph
-was taken of the pontoon bridge constructed across the North Anna River
-at Jericho Mills, where General Warren's five corps crossed on the
-twenty-third of May. The Federal base of supplies was shifted to the
-White House on the Pamunkey River where the remainder of the Federal
-Army crossed on the twenty-eighth of May, followed by the war cameras.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: BATTLEFIELD AT RESACA, IN GEORGIA, MAY 13-16, 1864]
-
-[Illustration: BATTLEFIELD OF NEW HOPE CHURCH, IN GEORGIA, MAY 25 TO
-JUNE 4, 1864]
-
-[Illustration: BATTLEGROUND ON KENESAW MOUNTAIN, GEORGIA, IN JULY, 1864]
-
-WHILE Grant was moving on toward Richmond, Sherman's armies of Arkansas,
-Cumberland, Ohio and Tennessee, with 352,000 men distributed in many
-garrisons over this wide expanse of territory, was moving against
-Atlanta, Georgia. Opposed to Sherman was Lieutenant-General Joseph E.
-Johnston, who commanded all the Confederate troops in the West,
-including the men of Bragg's old army. Atlanta was of equal importance
-with Richmond. It was a great railroad center and it contained the
-Confederate depots, mills, foundries and the manufactories of military
-supplies. Sherman had moved simultaneously with the Army of the Potomac,
-on the second day of the Battle of the Wilderness. On the thirteenth of
-May, Sherman's men met the Confederates at Resaca, Georgia. There was
-brisk, sharp fighting all along the lines. On the night of the fifteenth
-the Confederates abandoned the town and crossed the Oostenaula River,
-setting fire to the bridges. At dawn of the sixteenth the Federals
-entered Resaca and began a vigorous pursuit, and the camera recorded the
-scene of the abandoned entrenchments. The fields across which the
-Confederates withdrew may be seen in the distance. The Confederates
-concentrated their forces near New Hope Church on the twenty-fifth, and
-attacked the advancing Union troops but were driven back with heavy
-loss. The war photographers here secured a photograph of the
-entrenchments in the woods where there was continuous fighting for six
-days. The Federal Army forced its way through the mountainous country to
-the towering peaks of Kenesaw Mountain, Lost Mountain, and Pine
-Mountain. On all these heights the Confederates had signal towers. The
-outlying hills were occupied by batteries. The cameras were carried to
-the heights of Kenesaw Mountain and taken into its entrenchments.
-Sherman's troops climbed this slope, through its tangled wood and rifle
-pits, in the face of a steady musketry and artillery fire. This really
-ended the first movement of Sherman's campaign against Atlanta.
-Sherman's losses during May and June were over 2,000 killed and 13,000
-wounded. Johnston's losses were about 1,200 killed and nearly 14,000
-wounded. During the fifty-four days, both armies were depleted by 3,200
-killed, 27,000 wounded.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE SKELETONS OF DEAD SOLDIERS WERE
-BEING REMOVED SEVERAL MONTHS AFTER BATTLE OF COLD HARBOR]
-
-GRANT and Lee met at Cold Harbor in a desperate struggle on the first
-day of June in 1864. The following day was occupied by a general massing
-for the deadly encounter. Meade's army moved silently on the enemy at
-daylight on the third and the result was the fiercest battle of the
-entire war. There was a drizzling rain. The armies could hardly see the
-faces of their antagonists. Not a shot was fired until they were upon
-each other. One hundred thousand muskets simultaneously began their
-murderous work at a range of sixty to seventy yards. Two hundred pieces
-of artillery added to the deafening roar. It was the tragedy of
-Fredericksburg and Gettysburg re-enacted. The Union soldiers pressed
-toward the solid mass of lead and flame from the Confederate
-entrenchments only to be forced back. At times they swept to the
-breastworks against the torrents of musketry and mounted the parapets.
-The assault lasted but twenty minutes and the Union Army lost in killed,
-wounded and missing over 14,000 men; the Confederate loss has been
-estimated at 1,700. The two armies stayed at Cold Harbor for ten days,
-working on their field entrenchments, and fighting whenever either side
-grew bold. Lee remained immovable in his entrenchments before Richmond
-and on the afternoon of the sixteenth of June, Grant's army, horse, foot
-and artillery, had crossed the James River. On the seventh of June the
-dead were buried and the wounded gathered during an armistice of two
-hours. This is a ghastly view, showing the process of collecting the
-remains of Union soldiers who were hastily interred at the time of the
-battle. This photograph was taken on the battlefield months after the
-battle, when the Government ordered the remains gathered for permanent
-burial. The grinning skulls, the boots still hanging on the bones, the
-old canteen, all testify to the tragedy.
-
-
-
-
-SHERMAN, in his campaign in Georgia in 1864, was much interested in the
-cameras that followed his army and urged the photographer to take
-negatives of every movement as his forces pushed the Confederates toward
-Atlanta. On the morning of July 3, 1864, the Stars and Stripes fluttered
-on the crest of old Kenesaw Mountain. All the Federal corps were in
-rapid motion, and on Independence Day Sherman could distinguish the
-houses of Atlanta only nine miles away. General Johnston withdrew into
-the city and a storm of indignation swept the Confederacy. Johnston
-resigned his command and was succeeded by General J. B. Hood. Sherman
-set his troops in motion for the city on the seventeenth of July. On the
-nineteenth, the troops were so near Atlanta, and were meeting such
-feeble resistance that it was supposed the Confederates were evacuating,
-until they poured out of their entrenchments and opened furious fire on
-the north side of Peach Tree Creek. The war cameras were busily engaged
-and one of the negatives is an abandoned Confederate fortification on
-the road leading to Atlanta. A camera was taken into this fort shortly
-after its capture by Sherman. It shows the extent to which the
-Confederates had protected themselves. It is one of the rare pictures in
-which chevaux-de-frise construction is shown. It is here seen that the
-defense is a temporary obstruction by placing rails in a row with their
-pointed ends directed against the enemy. They impeded the advance of the
-foe and afforded cover for the defenders. During the conquest of Georgia
-the Confederates were much awed by the Brady "what is it?" wagons. It is
-the first time that field photography was witnessed in the far South.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT A CONFEDERATE FORT ON MARIETTA ROAD,
-NEAR ATLANTA, GEORGIA, AFTER CAPTURE BY SHERMAN, SEPTEMBER 2, 1864]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ON THE LINES BEFORE ATLANTA, GEORGIA, IN
-1864--GENERAL WILLIAM TECUMSEH SHERMAN AND STAFF]
-
-WHILE Sherman's Army was literally standing at the gates of Atlanta,
-this photograph was taken. The great general was with his staff in a
-Federal fort on the outlying hills. He was leaning on the breech of the
-cannon in one of his most characteristic attitudes. At this time Sherman
-was forty-four years of age. When sixteen years old he had entered West
-Point as a cadet, through the influence of his father, who was a Supreme
-Court judge in Ohio. At twenty years of age he entered the United States
-regular army and during the Mexican War was engaged in service in
-California. When thirty-three years of age, Sherman resigned from the
-army and became President of the State Military Institute of Louisiana.
-At the outbreak of the Civil War he left the South and offered his
-services to the Union. He was a colonel at the Battle of Bull Run. After
-that battle, when the Northern Army was reorganized, Sherman was
-appointed Brigadier-General of Volunteers and commanded the Department
-of the Cumberland. He demanded 200,000 men to reach the Gulf, but it was
-refused and he was ordered into Missouri. He was for a time inactive but
-came to the front again at Shiloh in command of a division under Grant.
-His bravery secured his promotion to Major-General and he became active
-in the campaign around Vicksburg. He then entered into the Mississippi
-Campaign and led the forces against Atlanta, resulting in his famous
-march to the sea. This photograph was taken on the eighteenth day of
-July, in 1864, on the lines before Atlanta. Sherman was much interested
-in the new science of photography and he always protected the cameras.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: BATTLEFIELD OF PEACH TREE CREEK, GEORGIA, JULY 20,
-1864--HOOD'S FIRST SORTIE NEAR ATLANTA]
-
-[Illustration: WHERE GENERAL MCPHERSON WAS KILLED, JULY 22, 1864, NEAR
-ATLANTA--HOOD'S SECOND SORTIE]
-
-[Illustration: BATTLEFIELD AT ATLANTA, GEORGIA, JULY 22, 1864--HOOD'S
-SECOND SORTIE]
-
-[Illustration: MILL AND RAILROAD DESTROYED BY CONFEDERATES ON EVACUATION
-OF ATLANTA, SEPTEMBER 2, 1864]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: CAPTAIN JOHN A. WINSLOW AND OFFICERS ON DECK OF
-"KEARSARGE" ON RETURN TO AMERICA AFTER DESTRUCTION OF THE "ALABAMA" IN
-THE ENGLISH CHANNEL]
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE IRONCLAD RAM "TENNESSEE" CAPTURED AT MOBILE
-BAY AUGUST 5, 1864, BY ADMIRAL FARRAGUT]
-
-ATLANTA was evacuated by the Confederates on the first day of September,
-in 1864 after a long, hard siege. The formal surrender was made by the
-Mayor on September second and the city became a military depot governed
-by military law. During this campaign of four months the Federals lost
-31,680 men; the Confederates 34,986. The war photographers secured many
-negatives of the battlefields in the siege around Atlanta. A view is
-here shown of Peach Tree Creek where the Federal loss was 1,710 and the
-Confederate 4,796. Another camera was taken to the woods where the Union
-general, McPherson, was killed in Hood's second sortie outside of the
-city. The daring commander rode directly into the enemy's line, without
-knowledge of danger. An interesting picture is that of the earth works
-before Atlanta, during Hood's first sortie, in which the Union losses
-were 3,641, and the Confederate 8,499. The destruction that was wrought
-during the siege of Atlanta is perpetuated by many of these negatives.
-While the armies were making these decisive blows, the "Kearsarge" 3,000
-miles away, met and sunk the Confederate ship, "Alabama," in the English
-Channel on Sunday morning, June 19, 1864. The "Alabama" had been roaming
-the seas nearly two years, capturing and burning American merchantmen.
-Another important naval conflict occurred on the 5th of August when
-Admiral Farragut gained possession of Mobile Bay, Alabama, and the war
-cameras caught a picture of the rebel ram, "Tennessee," the ironclad
-captured at that time by Farragut.
-
-[Illustration: DEVASTATION ON "MARCH TO THE SEA"]
-
-[Illustration: SHERMAN'S MEN DESTROYING RAILROAD]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE DEFENSES AT CHATTAHOOCHIE RIVER BRIDGE,
-GEORGIA, IN 1864]
-
-[Illustration: BATTLEGROUND OF ALLATOONA PASS, IN GEORGIA, OCTOBER 5,
-1864]
-
-[Illustration: GENERAL U. S. GRANT AND STAFF AT CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, IN
-AUGUST, 1864]
-
-WHILE the combined armies under Sherman lay in and around Atlanta until
-October, 1864, the war photographers were used extensively. Fierce
-encounters took place early in that month around Kenesaw Mountain and
-along Allatoona Pass. During this famous encounter Sherman stood on the
-top of Kenesaw. General Corse, who was leading the Union Division into
-combat, sent him this message: "I am short a cheek-bone and one ear, but
-am able to whip all hell yet." It was to this that Sherman made his
-famous reply: "Hold the fort, for I am coming." Sherman began his famous
-march to the sea on the fifteenth of November. As the columns left
-Atlanta the Federal engineers applied their torches to the depot,
-roundhouse, and the machine shops of the Georgia railroad. The columns
-extended to the northern part of the city. Stores, warehouses, hotels,
-and mills, with many private dwellings, were destroyed to the value of
-more than three millions of dollars. Amid the fierce heat and roar
-Sherman rode out of Atlanta on the afternoon of November 16th. The great
-army for five consecutive weeks swept across Georgia. The 62,000 men,
-20,000 horses and mules, marched 300 miles in a route from 20 to 60
-miles wide. The army captured twenty million pounds of corn and fodder,
-three million rations of bread and meat, one million rations of coffee
-and sugar and 350 miles of railroad track were destroyed. Sherman
-estimated the property losses at over one hundred millions of dollars.
-The Federal losses during the campaign were but 63 men killed on the
-field, 245 wounded, and 259 missing. The Confederacy was severed and a
-decisive step taken toward ending the Civil War.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: DESTRUCTION FROM EXPLOSION OF ORDNANCE BARGES AT WHARVES
-AT CITY POINT, VIRGINIA, AUGUST 9, 1864]
-
-WHILE Sherman was marching from Chattanooga, Tennessee, to Atlanta,
-Georgia, on his famous march to the sea, Grant was laying siege on
-Petersburg, Virginia, twenty-two miles south of Richmond. This was the
-central point for five railroads, giving communication with the
-Carolinas and Southern Virginia. Its possession by Federal troops would
-cut off Richmond and force the evacuation of the Confederate Capital.
-Lee was strongly intrenched around Petersburg. For a time during the
-summer there was hot fighting every hour in the day and frequently far
-into the night. The two armies were ready to fight to a finish. The
-Union Army was preparing itself for the final stroke and the conflicts
-were constant. It was during this campaign that the battles of New
-Market Heights and Cedar Creek were fought and Sheridan made his famous
-ride down the Shenandoah Valley to Winchester. Grant's base of supplies
-was at City Point on the James River. On the ninth day of August, in
-1864, there was an explosion of the ordnance barges and a war camera was
-hurried to the scene and secured this negative on the same day. At the
-same time, while General Grant was in conference with his staff in his
-tent at the army headquarters, the war photographers secured the picture
-shown on the preceding page. The general may be seen in the center of
-the group, sitting in the chair, with his hat characteristically pushed
-back on his head and his legs crossed. This is an interesting negative.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN FORT NEGLEY AT NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE,
-SHOWING IRONCLAD CASEMATES, IN 1864]
-
-IN the closing months of 1864 events occurred in rapid succession in the
-southwest. The Confederates, under Hood, driven from Georgia by Sherman,
-invaded Middle Tennessee. General Price began his invasion of Missouri
-and destroyed property valued at three millions of dollars and seized a
-vast quantity of supplies. The Union forces, under General Thomas, were
-concentrated at Nashville. There were continual skirmishes and at
-nightfall, on the sixteenth of December, General Thomas ordered his
-troops into line of battle, with the intent of driving Hood's Army from
-the territory. In a terrific fire of musketry, grape and canister, the
-Federals pushed forward. In the next two days the Confederates lost all
-their artillery. General Thomas took four thousand, five hundred
-prisoners, nearly three hundred being officers. The fleeing Confederate
-columns left nearly three thousand dead and wounded on the ground, while
-the Federal loss was three hundred. The weather was very cold, but
-Thomas pursued his foe relentlessly. Flood's men were in a desperate
-condition, barefooted, ragged and disheartened. They were pressed to the
-Tennessee River where thirteen thousand were taken prisoners, and Hood's
-great army was practically annihilated, their small arms scattered along
-the roads, and cannon, caissons and wagons abandoned. Hood took the
-remnants of his army into Mississippi where he was relieved from command
-by his own request and retired minus the arm he left at Gettysburg and
-the leg he left at Chickamauga. On the thirtieth day of December, in
-1864, Thomas went into winter quarters. One of the last photographs of
-the year was taken in Fort Negley, Nashville, Tennessee, showing the
-ironclad casemates and the interior of the fort.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ON GRANT'S MILITARY RAILROAD WHEN THE
-13-INCH MORTAR "DICTATOR" OR "PETERSBURG EXPRESS" WAS THROWING SHELLS
-INTO PETERSBURG IN 1864]
-
-THE last days of 1864 closed with the Army of the Potomac and the Army
-of the James maintaining the siege about Petersburg. Nearly every hour
-of the day and night the air was filled with the roar of siege cannons
-and mortars. Brady and Gardner had several of their cameras at the siege
-of Petersburg. Many rare negatives are to-day witnesses of this great
-event. The picture shown on this page was taken during the siege. It
-shows the thirteen-inch "Dictator," known as the "Petersburg Express,"
-mounted on a flat freight car made strong for this purpose. It was on
-the military railroad outside of Petersburg and moved continually along
-the line, throwing its huge death-dealing bombs into the city. Some of
-the mortars were mounted on very strong, special-made cars, protected
-with roofs of railroad iron. Grant's line was twenty-five miles long,
-but with its parallels extending over ninety miles. The two forts
-nearest the city of Petersburg were known by the soldiers as Fort Hell
-and Fort Damnation. From their casemates the movements of the soldiers
-of the beleaguered city were distinctly visible. The guns of these two
-advanced forts were never silent. At nightfall, the pickets, with one
-hundred and fifty rounds of ball cartridges, left for the outposts, and
-many of them never returned. The night was made hideous by the roar of
-huge siege guns, the sudden crashes of musketry and the crack of rifle
-shells. The openings of the breastworks were so filled with shot during
-this siege that in time of truce the soldiers would dig the narrow
-openings out with their fingers. On the next page is shown a photograph
-taken April 2, 1865, in Confederate trenches at Petersburg just after
-their capture by the daring Union troops.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: GENERALS HANCOCK, BARLOW, BIRNEY AND GIBBON]
-
-[Illustration: SIEGE OF PETERSBURG, VIRGINIA--PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN JUST
-BEFORE ITS FALL IN 1865]
-
-[Illustration: RAILROAD BATTERY IN FRONT OF PETERSBURG DURING SIEGE]
-
-[Illustration: EARTHWORKS IN FRONT OF PETERSBURG--FEDERAL LINES AT FORT
-MORTON]
-
-[Illustration: DEAD CONFEDERATES IN TRENCHES AT PETERSBURG]
-
-
-
-
-DEEDS of valor on the battlefield have been sung from the earliest ages,
-but there is no epoch in the world's history when men have shown more
-magnificent courage, or greater devotion to principle, than in the Civil
-War of the United States. The days of ancient knighthood never saw more
-gallant fighters, no lancer ever met a worthier foe. It was the grandest
-spectacle of heroism that eyes have ever witnessed. At the battle-front,
-in prison pit, in hospital, or wounded on the field--no men ever endured
-more intense suffering.
-
-The only National debt we can never pay is the debt we owe to the men
-who offered their lives that the United American Nation might live to
-become the greatest power in the human race. The heroic sacrifices will
-never be known. It has been variously estimated from three hundred
-thousand to a million lives. The Government records 44,238 men as having
-been killed in battle; 49,205 dying of wounds and injuries; 186,216
-succumbing to disease; 24,184 expiring from unknown causes; and 526
-suicides, homicides and executions. Thousands of men disappeared during
-the conflict and have never been heard from since. The surgeon-general's
-records give 280,040 wounded in battle; 184,791 missing or captured;
-26,168 dying while prisoners of war. The medical records state that
-6,049,648 cases were brought into the hospitals, great numbers of whom
-were sent home to die. The Confederate losses can never be ascertained
-but it is very probable that the price that America paid for the
-preservation of the Union was a million of its manhood.
-
-The crisis of 1865 held not only the future of the United States in the
-balance, but threatened to change the political divisions of the world.
-The American Nation, which is the "freest, richest and most powerful"
-nation under the skies, would have been divided into two weakened
-republics, each struggling for existence, disputing the ownership of
-rivers and coast, engaged in continual border uprisings, and finally
-becoming the prey of the powerful nations of Europe--only to be soon
-devoured by encroaching monarchies of the Eastern Hemisphere.
-
-
-    "When 'Greek meets Greek' the tug of war
-      Is sure to follow fierce and strong;
-    What wonder that the bloody strife
-      'Twixt North and South was four years long!
-    Four hundred thousand of our brave
-      Gave up their lives that we might be
-    A Nation, powerful and great,
-      The fitting home of Liberty.
-    America will surely stand
-      The first and foremost of the earth:
-    The Queen of Nations she shall be,
-      And all her sons have royal birth.
-
-[Illustration: FOR THE SAKE OF THEIR COUNTRY--Photograph taken by Brady
-on the battlefield during the Civil War]
-
-    "The Goddess of sweet Liberty
-      Still smiles upon her gallant knights
-    Who bravely sprang to her defense,
-      And fearless fought to keep our rights.
-    Then cheer our heroes, grim and old,
-      And let them feel while yet alive,
-    We honor them for what they did
-      From sixty-one to sixty-five.
-    All honor to our sacred dead,
-      And honor well the living, too,
-    Our Veterans of the Civil War,
-      These noble boys who wore the blue."
-
-
-The problem was settled for all ages in 1865. The American Nation rose
-from the ruins of War like a young giant. Grasping the hand of the North
-and the South, it clasped them together with the grip of brotherhood and
-the sacred pledge, "United we stand; divided we fall." Long live
-America, the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave! The vast
-armies, "strong enough to have conquered a hemisphere, vanished like a
-vision and the men who fought side by side through the perils of four
-years of Civil War, laid down their arms, changed their uniforms of blue
-and gray for the apparel of everyday life, and took up once more the
-peaceful occupations they had abandoned to serve their country."
-
-The Spring of 1865 can never be forgotten by the men who went through
-it. It was a time of intense excitement and overflowing enthusiasm which
-carried itself almost to pandemonium. The war cameras, which had
-perpetuated the last wonderful scenes of the conflict, were taken to
-Washington and New York, and the Summer fell upon a peaceful people.
-
-It is the avowed mission of these pages to lay before the present
-generation the vision of War in all its horror that those who look upon
-them may pledge themselves to the furtherance of the day "when a cannon
-will be exhibited in public museums, just as an instrument of torture is
-now, and people will be amazed that such a thing could have been;" the
-day when "those two immense groups, the United States of America, and
-the United States of Europe," and the United States of Asia and of
-Africa, "will be seen placed in the presence of each other, extending
-the hand of fellowship across the oceans, exchanging their produce,
-their commerce, their industries, their arts, their genius; clearing the
-earth, peopling the desert, improving creation under the eye of the
-Creator, and uniting for the good of all, these two irresistible and
-infinite powers--the fraternity of men and the power of God!"
-
-
-
-
-THE first days of 1865 around Petersburg were a hard strain on the
-soldiers. The winter's siege had been severe. The Confederates were
-desperate. Unable to break the Federal lines at Dinwiddie, Five Forks,
-or any of the many combats that were continually taking place, defeat
-and annihilation awaited them. On the first of April the entire
-artillery forces in the trenches before Petersburg began a tremendous
-cannonading which continued until dawn. The Union troops during the
-night tightened their lines around Petersburg until the following
-morning, which was Sunday. At daylight, on Monday, the third of April,
-Lee evacuated Petersburg and the Union forces entered the city about
-nine o'clock. Cameras were soon taken through the gates and during the
-day several photographs were taken, including a negative of the trenches
-containing the dead. This photograph shows a company of colored
-infantry. There were 186,097 colored troops enlisted in the Civil War.
-In many conflicts they showed great bravery, especially during the siege
-of Petersburg. An instance of their great courage was the attempt to
-break through the Confederate lines by tunneling under one of the
-fortifications and blowing it up with the charge of eight thousand
-pounds of powder. In the smoke of the explosion the colored troops
-charged through the crater and up the slope beyond, only to meet with a
-terrific fire in which hundreds of colored heroes were mown down like
-grass, with no hope of anyone reaching the crest, but they held to the
-charge until ordered to retire. The engagements around Petersburg during
-its last nine months cost the Union Army more than thirty thousand men.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE COLORED INFANTRY WAS MOVING TO THE
-BATTLEGROUND]
-
-
-
-
-THIS witness of a remarkable sight is so old that it will be noted that
-the tree at the right of the picture is being eaten away from the
-original negative. It lays before the eyes of all generations the view
-of the first wagon train entering Petersburg with provisions for the
-starving inhabitants after one of the greatest sieges in history. It was
-on Sunday night, about ten o'clock, the second day of April, in 1865,
-that the resolute Lee marshalled his troops for the evacuation of
-Petersburg. At three on the following morning the stronghold of the
-Confederacy was left to the Union forces. At nine on the same morning
-General Grant rode into the deserted city. The remaining inhabitants
-were panic-stricken and in a destitute condition. Many of them had
-escaped with their beloved leader while others, in abject terror,
-secluded themselves in their homes. Grant, with his staff, rode quietly
-through the streets until he came to a comfortable-looking brick house,
-with a yard in front, where he dismounted and took a seat on the
-veranda. The gentle manner of the great general found a response in the
-hearts of those who had feared him. Citizens soon gathered on the
-sidewalk and gazed with curiosity on the Union commander. News of the
-hunger of the people was hurried along the line. Great wagon trains of
-provisions struggled for miles through roadways choked with prisoners,
-stragglers and wounded. This photograph was taken as the first division,
-loaded with barrels of flour, pork, coffee, sugar, and other
-necessaries, rolled into Petersburg. With the brotherly affection that
-even the madness of war cannot destroy, the men in blue came to those
-devoted to the gray, not as enemies, but as fellowmen ever willing to
-relieve the suffering. The humanity of war is here exemplified.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE GOVERNMENT PROVISION TRAINS WERE
-ENTERING PETERSBURG AFTER EVACUATION IN 1865]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS GUNBOAT "SANTIAGO DE CUBA" SAILED ON
-THE FORT FISHER EXPEDITION]
-
-THE largest fleet that had ever been assembled under one command in the
-history of the American Navy concentrated before Fort Fisher, North
-Carolina, late in 1864. It included nearly sixty vessels, of which five
-were ironclads, and the three largest United States steam frigates,
-"Minnesota," "Colorado" and "Wabash," and was accompanied by one of the
-war cameras. The total number of guns and howitzers of the fleet were
-over six hundred, and the weight of projectiles at a single discharge of
-all the guns, both broadsides, was over twenty-two tons. The Atlantic
-and Gulf coast were almost entirely in the Government possession and the
-Navy was prepared to strike its decisive blow. Fort Fisher was now the
-most important Confederate naval position. The first attack took place
-in the night of December twenty-third, when a powder-boat was exploded
-under the towering walls of the old fort. It was believed that it was
-leveled to the ground, but in the morning the grim fort stood absolutely
-uninjured with its flag floating defiantly. An attack was then led by
-the ironclads, followed by the monitors and frigates. A naval officer in
-describing it says: "Their sides seemed a sheet of flame, and the roar
-of their guns like a mighty thunderbolt." The enemy took refuge in their
-bomb-proofs. Owing to misunderstanding between army and navy the fort
-was not taken. An excellent photograph was secured of one of the
-gunboats in the Fort Fisher expedition--the "Santiago de Cuba," and the
-negative is one of the finest naval pictures ever taken.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: INTERIOR VIEW OF FORT FISHER IN 1865]
-
-[Illustration: DISMANTLED GUN AT FORT FISHER IN 1865]
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT FORT FISHER, NORTH CAROLINA, SHOWING
-DESTRUCTION OF GUN CARRIAGE IN 1865]
-
-
-
-
-THE last stronghold of the Southern Confederacy on the Atlantic Coast
-fell early in 1865. On the twelfth of January operations were agreed
-upon for the final assault on Fort Fisher and a photograph was taken of
-the fleet as it lay off the coast. On the morning of the thirteenth the
-ironclads opened a terrific fire. Fort Fisher was at this time much
-stronger than at the first attack. Troops had reinforced the garrison.
-Damages from the first bombardment had been repaired and new defenses
-added. In describing the downfall of the fort one who participated says:
-"I believe there had never before been such a storm of shell in any
-naval engagement. At noon on the fifteenth the attempt was made for the
-sailors and marines to land. From thirty-five of the sixty ships of the
-fleet boats were lowered, and with flags flying, pulled toward the beach
-in line abreast, a most spirited scene. The sailors were armed with
-cutlasses and pistols. The great land battery, the artillery and a
-thousand rifles opened fire from Fort Fisher. The daring sailors found
-themselves packed like sheep in a death pen, under a most galling fire."
-The army pressed forward under General Terry's command, fighting its way
-from traverse to traverse, overpowering the garrison, and finally
-driving the Confederates from their last refuge. Fort Fisher fell on the
-fifteenth of January. The casualties in the fleet amounted to 309, while
-Terry's command lost 110 killed and 536 wounded--a total of nearly 1,000
-men. With the fall of Fort Fisher and its seventy-five guns, the
-Confederates abandoned Fort Caswell and all the works on Smith's Island;
-all those between Caswell and Smithville up to the battery on Reeve's
-Point on the west side of the river. This photograph of the fleet that
-took Fort Fisher shows the ships assembling off the coast. The negative
-was secured under much difficulty.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AS GREATEST FLEET CARRYING AMERICAN FLAG
-WAS PREPARING TO ATTACK FORT FISHER IN 1865]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE ADMIRAL PORTER AND STAFF WERE ON
-FLAGSHIP "MALVERN" IN FORT FISHER EXPEDITION IN 1865]
-
-THE Civil War was a great practical demonstration of naval vessels
-propelled by steam. The whole system of naval tactics had undergone a
-great change. The guns had become vastly more powerful; war ships were
-now protected by a light armor, and the torpedo had found its way into
-successful employment. The normal strength of the Navy at the beginning
-of the war was ninety vessels; fifty of these were sailing ships, worthy
-vessels in years gone by, but now left behind by progress. There were
-forty vessels propelled by steam and many of these were scattered on the
-high seas. As the war progressed, the Navy was increased and at its
-close had nearly six hundred ships, including every variety of
-merchantman and river steamboat roughly adapted in navy-yards for war
-services. There were built or projected during the war nearly sixty
-ironclads. At the beginning of the war the total number of officers of
-all grades in the Navy was 1,457, and during its progress the number was
-increased to 7,500, chiefly from the merchant marine. The normal
-strength of seamen, which was 7,600, rose during the war to 51,500. The
-South entered upon the war without any naval preparation and with very
-limited resources, but by purchases and seizures equipped a considerable
-fleet. Toward the close of the conflict the war photographers secured a
-large number of negatives during naval demonstrations. Among those here
-presented is Admiral David D. Porter and staff on his flagship,
-"Malvern," on the Fort Fisher Expedition. The gallant admiral may be
-seen standing in the center of the group. A picture is on the following
-page of Major-General A. H. Terry and staff, in command of the land
-demonstrations around Fort Fisher, and on whom special honors were
-conferred by Congress for his courageous leadership in the attack. These
-photographs witness the last great naval demonstration of the war.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PANORAMIC VIEW OF FORT FISHER, NORTH CAROLINA, IN 1865]
-
-[Illustration: MAJOR-GENERAL ALFRED H. TERRY AND STAFF AT FORT FISHER]
-
-[Illustration: ENGLISH ARMSTRONG GUN IN FORT FISHER]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: RUINS OF COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA, FROM THE
-CAPITOL--SHELLED BY SHERMAN, FEBRUARY 16, 1865--PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN BY
-BRADY WHILE RUINS WERE SMOKING]
-
-[Illustration: RUINS OF DEPOT WHERE TWO HUNDRED PERSONS WERE BLOWN UP ON
-EVACUATION OF CHARLESTON]
-
-[Illustration: RUINS OF SECESSION HALL AT CHARLESTON AFTER SURRENDER,
-FEBRUARY 18, 1865]
-
-THE final blows of the Civil War came quick and sharp. Grant had taken
-Petersburg; Thomas had annihilated the Confederate forces under Hood
-along the Mississippi River; Sherman had swept through Georgia and
-overrun the Carolinas. Exactly four years after the inauguration of
-Jefferson Davis as President of the Confederacy, historic Columbia and
-Charleston, South Carolina, surrendered. The closing days sowed flame
-and devastation. The war cameras followed Sherman's Army into Columbia
-and the old negatives tell the tragedy of the destroyed Confederate
-cities. One of them here reproduced is historic Secession Hall in ruins.
-It was here that the first Ordinance of Secession was passed. This view
-shows the historic edifice as it appeared when the Union troops took
-possession of the city. Adjoining the Hall are the ruins of Central
-Church, and in the background is St. Phillips Church. The fall of
-Columbia occurred on February 12, 1865. Charleston surrendered the
-following day, and the Federal Government took possession. One of these
-photographs shows the ruins of the Northeastern Railroad Depot at
-Charleston where two hundred persons were blown up on the day of
-evacuation, February 17, 1865. Sherman moved on through North Carolina
-and fought his last battle at Bentonville, where the National loss was
-1,604 men and the Confederate loss 2,342. During these last days of the
-war occurred a disaster on the Mississippi River. The "Sultana" was on
-her journey from New Orleans to St. Louis, receiving on board 1,964
-Union prisoners from Columbia, Salisbury, Andersonville and other
-Confederate prisons. Anxious to proceed North, little heed was given
-that the ship was already carrying a heavy load of passengers on board,
-occupying every foot of available space on all the decks to the tops of
-the cabins and the wheelhouse, and on the twenty-seventh of April, when
-about eight miles above Memphis, one of her boilers blew up. The dead at
-the scene numbered 1,500.
-
-[Illustration: STEAMER "SULTANA" CONVEYING EXCHANGED UNION
-PRISONERS--DESTROYED IN MISSISSIPPI RIVER IN 1865]
-
-
-
-
-IN the hospitals of the army during the Civil War 6,049,648 cases were
-treated by the officers of the Medical Department. The medical skill of
-the surgeons and physicians is evidenced by the fact that only 185,353
-of these patients died during their detention in the hospitals. While a
-large number of these soldiers suffered from gunshot wounds, the
-disease of chronic diarrhoea was nearly as fatal, and its deadliness
-was closely followed by the ravages of typhoid fever and lung diseases.
-It is estimated that 285,245 men were discharged during the war for
-disability. A tribute should be paid to the nobility of the hospital
-corps. Many noble men and women did great service to their country in
-relieving the sufferings that followed the battles. After many of the
-terrific conflicts the ground was strewn with the dead and dying. The
-wounded, in whom there was a hope of life, were given immediate care and
-hurried on stretchers to nearby houses and barns from which floated the
-yellow flag of the Medical Department. Large hospital tents were erected
-near the scene of battle. At times all the rooms in the surrounding
-farmhouses were full of wounded; the injured men were laid on cornstalks
-and hay in the barns. Sometimes it was impossible to find shelter for
-them all and they were laid on boards inclined against fences. Many of
-the large trees formed a shelter for a temporary hospital, where the men
-were laid in rows while the attendants administered to their wants. In
-no previous war in the history of the world was so much done to
-alleviate suffering as in the War of 1861-1865. But notwithstanding all
-that was done, the wounded suffered horribly. After any great battle it
-required several days and nights of steady work before all the wounded
-men were gathered.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE AMBULANCE CORPS WERE REMOVING
-WOUNDED SOLDIERS TO THE FIELD HOSPITAL]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: SMOKESTACK OF EXPLODED RAM "VIRGINIA" IN 1865]
-
-[Illustration: CONFEDERATE ARTILLERY ON WHARVES NEAR RICHMOND]
-
-[Illustration: RUINED LOCOMOTIVE AFTER FALL OF RICHMOND IN 1865]
-
-[Illustration: AMBULANCE CONVEYING JEFFERSON DAVIS AFTER HIS
-CAPTURE--PASSING THROUGH THE STREETS OF MACON, GEORGIA]
-
-JEFFERSON DAVIS was at St. Paul's Church, in Richmond, at the usual hour
-of Sunday morning worship when he received the message that Petersburg
-was being evacuated and Lee's lines were irreparably broken. The sexton
-walked up to Davis's pew and whispered a few words in the President's
-ear. The members of the Cabinet received similar calls. From church to
-church the note of warning was communicated. By two o'clock everybody in
-Richmond knew that the city was to be abandoned. The Presidential party
-with difficulty made its way through the excited crowd which thronged
-and blocked the streets. Davis began his flight by boarding a train and
-went as far as Danville where, on April 4, 1865, he began to establish a
-new seat of government. The following day he issued a proclamation to
-his people, only to again flee to Greensborough, North Carolina, where
-he remained in a railroad car. On reaching Charlotte, he threw off the
-semblance of authority and planned to reach Texas. The flight was
-continued through South Carolina and into Macon, Georgia. In the
-meantime, a reward of $100,000 was offered for the apprehension of
-Davis. He was finally captured in a camp in the woods near Irwinsville,
-Georgia, while trying to escape in a lady's waterproof coat, gathered at
-the waist, with a shawl thrown over the head, and carrying a tin pail.
-This remarkable photograph was taken while the Confederate President was
-being carried as a prisoner in an ambulance through the streets of
-Macon. He was conveyed to Fortress Monroe, for safe keeping, on May 22,
-1865, and was finally allowed his freedom on bail and never brought to
-trial. Brady entered Richmond with his cameras a few hours after the
-departure of Davis and these negatives witness the ruins. The great
-tobacco warehouses had been destroyed and the ironclad rams on the river
-had been blown up. The city was being pillaged. The Union troops entered
-as conquerors and immediately set to work with a will to extinguish the
-flames which wrought great destruction and havoc.
-
-
-
-
-RICHMOND was a mass of flames on the third of April, in 1865. As the
-Federal forces entered the city it was a scene of terrible splendor. The
-explosion of magazines caused the earth to rock and tremble as with the
-shock of an earthquake. The flames were leaping from building to
-building until thirty squares were ablaze, consuming over one thousand
-structures. Prisoners were liberated from the penitentiary and the torch
-was applied to it. Men, women and children, faint from hunger, fled from
-their homes. The provision depots were battered at the doors and forced
-open in the demoniacal struggle against starvation. The gutters ran with
-whiskey, and men fell to their knees and lapped it as it flowed through
-the streets. The clatter of the hoofs of the horses added to the tumult
-as the Union troops entered the city. At daylight the approach of the
-Federal forces could be plainly discerned. The war cameras came into
-Richmond with the army. The Union soldiers began to fight the flames,
-blowing up houses to check their advance. There was a cavalry rush for
-Libby prison to bring freedom to the Union soldiers confined within its
-walls, but upon reaching it not a guard nor an inmate remained. The
-doors were wide open. An old negro placidly remarked: "Dey's all gone,
-massa!" The day following a mighty cheer was heard near the abandoned
-residence of Jefferson Davis. President Lincoln walked down the street
-with his usual long, careless stride. After viewing the situation and
-impressing upon the officers his desire that they exert the most humane
-influences, Lincoln returned to Washington. One of the most valuable
-negatives in the Civil War collection is the ruins of Richmond on the
-day that Lincoln inspected the condition of the city.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN OF THE RUINS AT RICHMOND THE DAY AFTER
-ITS EVACUATION IN 1865]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT THE MCLEAN HOUSE AT APPOMATTOX THE
-DAY THAT LEE SURRENDERED TO GRANT, APRIL 9, 1865]
-
-WHEN Lee, with the remnant of his army, fled from Richmond and
-Petersburg, he was closely pursued by Grant and attacked vigorously at
-every approach. For seventy miles it was a race that was marked by a
-long track of blood. There were collisions at Jestersville, Detonville,
-Deep Creek, Paine's Cross Roads, and Farmville. At Sailor's Creek the
-Confederate lines were broken by Custer. The Confederate General Ewell,
-with four other generals and his entire corps, were captured and on the
-eighth of April the Southern Army, under Lee, was completely surrounded.
-Lee had but 28,000 men left and his brave dead were lying in heaps along
-the route of his retreat. Hemmed in at Appomattox Court House a last
-desperate effort was made to cut through the Federal cavalry. He was
-gaining ground when Sheridan's bugles rang out the signal for a general
-charge and a halt was called under a flag of truce. The two historic
-armies never exchanged another shot. General Lee left his camp on the
-morning of April 8 and was conducted to the McLean house, where he found
-General Grant awaiting him. The actual surrender took place on April 12,
-1865. The Confederate officers and men were paroled. Lee returned to his
-men and bade them farewell. The scene was one of the most pathetic in
-the records of war. The Confederate veterans wept like children as they
-looked upon the face of their beloved leader. His last words to his men
-were: "You will take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from the
-consciousness of duty faithfully performed. I earnestly pray that a
-merciful God will extend to you His blessing and protection." A few
-hours after Lee's surrender this photograph was taken at Appomattox.
-
-
-
-
-IT is here in these closing pages the sad duty of these wonderful old
-negatives to record one of the deepest tragedies in the history of the
-world. In it the greatest Republic of the earth, at the close of the
-most terrific conflict ever waged by fellow countrymen, saw its champion
-of Liberty fall at the hands of an assassin. The great Lincoln looked
-forward to years of peace among a re-united people. On the night of
-April 14, 1865, he was murdered at Ford's Theater. The bitter tidings
-swept the country. The American Nation was bowed down with grief. The
-rendezvous of the conspirators was found to be the house of Mrs. M. E.
-Surratt, located in the very heart of Washington. Mrs. Surratt, her
-daughter Anna, Miss Fitzpatrick and a Miss Holahan were arrested. George
-A. Atzerott, and one named Powell, were later captured. The principal
-assassin, John Wilkes Booth, was found eleven days after the murder and
-was shot when he refused to surrender. His companion, Harold, who had
-been a fugitive with him, was taken prisoner. The trial of the
-conspirators took place in Washington before a military commission. On
-July 6, 1865, sentence was pronounced and on the following day the four
-conspirators--Harold, Atzerott, Powell and Mrs. Surratt--were hanged.
-Two of Brady's cameras were taken into the prison yard and placed near
-the scaffold. When the warrant was being read one camera was used and
-the historic view is now in the Eaton Collection. When the drop was
-sprung, the second negative was exposed and the tragic scene is here
-recorded. Mrs. Surratt is hanging at the left. The ghastliness was such
-that many of the guards turned their heads. It is believed to be the
-first time that the camera has been used to perpetuate the execution of
-political conspirators. The negatives are in excellent condition and
-their historic value is beyond purchase.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN PRISON YARD IN WASHINGTON AT HANGING
-OF MRS. SURRATT AND THE LINCOLN ASSASSINATION CONSPIRATORS IN 1865]
-
-
-
-
-THE funeral procession of Lincoln as it passed through New York was
-witnessed by nearly a million people. The body was taken to Springfield,
-Ohio, his old home town to which he had not returned since he left it to
-go to Washington as President of the United States. Lincoln was buried
-at Oak Ridge Cemetery, about two miles from Springfield. Immediately
-after the close of the war the Government began inquiry into the
-cruelties alleged to have taken place in many of the prisons. The result
-was the arrest of Captain Henry Wirtz, the jailor at Andersonville. He
-was given trial before a military commission and convicted of brutally
-murdering Union prisoners. Wirtz was sentenced to death and hanged on
-the tenth of November, 1865. The execution took place in Washington
-within short distance of the National Capitol, and Brady's cameras were
-taken into the prison yard. The negative was taken as the condemned man
-stood on the scaffold, with head bowed, listening to the reading of his
-death warrant. Another negative was secured after the noose had been
-tightened around his neck and the drop had been sprung. The photographs
-perpetuate a tragic moment. It will be seen that the soldiers on guard
-were standing at "attention." The evidence against Wirtz was
-overwhelming. Many witnesses testified to the cruelty of the accused man
-and the horrors enacted within the dead lines at Andersonville.
-Prisoners were forced to go forty-eight hours without food. Many of them
-became insane; others committed suicide. There were deliberate,
-cold-blooded murders of peaceable men. No opportunities were afforded
-for cleanliness and the prisoners were covered with vermin. The
-execution of Wirtz met public approval and this photograph shows him in
-his last moments of life.
-
-[Illustration: PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WHILE DEATH WARRANT WAS BEING READ TO
-WIRTZ, THE KEEPER OF ANDERSONVILLE PRISON IN 1865]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: HERO OF THE AMERICANS WHO WORE THE BLUE
-
-Ulysses Simpson Grant--Born at Point Pleasant, Ohio, April 27,
-1822--Died at Mt. Gregor, New York, July 23, 1885--Graduated from West
-Point in 1843 and fought gallantly under the Stars and Stripes in the
-War against Mexico--Commander-in-chief of the victorious Union Army in
-the Civil War in the United States--This photograph was taken when he
-was forty-two years of age, during the Civil War, and was never before
-published--It is protected by copyright]
-
-
-AMERICANS--true to the blue or true to the gray--bow in reverence to the
-memory of these two great fellow countrymen--the greatest leaders that
-mankind has ever followed. Under the same beloved flag they fought in
-their early days, only to stand arrayed against each other as foes in
-their latter days, and to finally die as loyal Americans. Never before
-has the public looked upon these photographs, which were taken by the
-war cameras at Appomattox at the end of the war. When Lee offered his
-sword to Grant it was courteously returned to him. The two gallant
-generals lifted their hats and parted forever. Grant mounted his horse,
-and started with his staff for Washington. Lee set out for Richmond, a
-broken-hearted man. The armies returning from the field were brought to
-Washington for a grand review and mustered out of service. The news of
-Lee's surrender passed from army to army through the South and West, and
-six weeks later the last gun had been fired and musket laid down in the
-Civil War of the United States. In closing these pages, acknowledgment
-is made to the many eminent historians whose scholarly works have been
-consulted and quoted in narrating the incidents surrounding these
-photographs. Mr. Edward B. Eaton, who has prepared this remarkable
-presentation from his valuable collection; Mr. Francis T. Miller, the
-editor and writer of this book; and Mr. George E. Tracy, associated with
-Mr. Eaton in placing this volume before the public, wish to express
-their appreciation for the cordial interest taken in the work by the
-department commanders of the Grand Army of the Republic, many of whom
-testify to having seen the Brady cameras on the battlefield when these
-negatives were being taken. To these men--and to all who witnessed the
-scenes herein perpetuated--this book is dedicated with the benediction
-of the victorious Grant:
-
-
-[Illustration: HERO OF THE AMERICANS WHO WORE THE GRAY
-
-Robert Edward Lee--Born at Stratford, Virginia, January 19, 1807--Died
-at Lexington, Virginia, October 12, 1870--Graduated at West Point in
-1829 and fought gallantly under the Stars and Stripes in the War against
-Mexico--Commander-in-chief of the vanquished Confederate Army in the
-Civil War in the United States--This photograph was taken when he was
-fifty-seven years of age, during the Civil War, and was never before
-published--It is protected by copyright]
-
-
-                           "LET US HAVE PEACE"
-
-
-              THE ASSOCIATED PUBLISHERS OF AMERICAN RECORDS
-                PRESS OF THE DORMAN LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY
-
-                          NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT
-
-       HALFTONE ENGRAVINGS BY ROBERT WELLER, HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT
-
-
-
-
-THE EDWARD B. EATON COLLECTION OF ORIGINAL PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE CIVIL WAR
-
-
-    PARTIAL LIST OF THE SEVEN THOUSAND NEGATIVES TAKEN UNDER THE
-    PROTECTION OF THE SECRET SERVICE BY MATHEW B. BRADY AND
-    ALEXANDER GARDNER ON THE BATTLEFIELDS OF THE CIVIL WAR IN THE
-    UNITED STATES DURING THE YEARS 1861--1862--1863--1864--1865--AND
-    NOW SAFELY STORED IN THE PRIVATE VAULT OF THE OWNER AT HARTFORD,
-    CONNECTICUT
-
-THE Eaton Collection of Original Photographs of the Civil War, the full
-history of which is given in the introductory to this Volume, is now for
-the first time unveiled to the public. In presenting the reproductions
-in this book the owner of this remarkable collection has protected them
-fully by copyright and warns the public against infringers. Mr. Eaton is
-the sole owner of these original negatives, which are valued at
-$150,000, and henceforth, any other reproduction must be with his
-written authority or it is an infringement. That the public may become
-fully acquainted with the negatives in this official collection, experts
-are now at work drawing two prints from each negative, protecting them
-under copyright, and identifying, arranging and preparing them for a
-complete catalogue. In several instances the label which the
-photographer placed on the negatives when he made the photograph, over
-forty years ago, has been lost. These are being carefully identified by
-veterans of the Civil War who offer affidavits to having been on the
-scene. At present there are still many views that are labeled "unknown."
-It is nearing a half century since the sun painted these real scenes of
-that great War, and some negatives have undergone chemical changes which
-make it difficult to secure "prints" from them. There can be no
-substitution, as the scenes represented on the old glass plates have
-passed away forever. The great value of these pictures is apparent.
-Several negatives are entirely past printing and all of them require
-retouching by old-time photographers who understand the process. Even to
-the thinning ranks of heroes of the Civil War the scenes of 1861-1865
-are but a fading memory; cherished, it is true, and often called up from
-among the dim pictures of the past, but after all, only the vision of a
-dream. Artists have painted and sketched and engraved, with more or less
-fidelity to fact and detail, those "scenes of trial and danger." Their
-pictures can be but imaginary conceptions of the artist. Fortunately,
-our Government authorized courageous photographers to skillfully secure
-with their cameras the reflection, as in a mirror, of the thrilling
-scenes of the conflict. These views vividly renew the memories of the
-war days. The camp, the march, the battlefields, the forts and trenches,
-the wounded, the prisoners, the dead, the hurriedly-made graves, and
-many other of those once familiar scenes are photographically portrayed
-and perpetuated.
-
-As a record of a crisis in the history of the world, these negatives are
-worth their weight in gold. Their value is such that they cannot be
-handled, except with great care, or removed for exhibition purposes.
-They are in a vault in Hartford, Connecticut, where the owner is very
-willing to allow the public, especially the Veterans of the Civil War,
-to examine them. It is desired to have the old negatives become of as
-much service to the public-at-large as possible and for this purpose is
-compiled this partial catalogue from the collection. Whenever the
-condition of the negative permits, Mr. Eaton is willing to allow the
-privilege of printing a proof. This is especially granted to Old
-Soldiers or Grand Army Posts who desire certain original photographs of
-scenes in which they participated. The service of this collection,
-inasmuch as it pertains to commendable purposes, is here extended to the
-American People who are no longer "Federal" and "Confederate."
-
-
-
-
-THIS is a partial list of the negatives in the Eaton Collection of
-Original Negatives taken on the Battlefields during the Civil War of the
-United States, under the protection of the Secret Service. They include
-all phases of army life. The cameras followed, not only the Eastern Army
-and the Army of the West, but accompanied the Naval Fleets and were
-present in many demonstrations. Veterans of the Civil War are cordially
-invited to visit Hartford and inspect these negatives. Proofs will be
-taken from any negative here registered, for Grand Army Veterans or
-Posts, providing sufficient reasons are given with the request, which
-should be sent direct to the owner of the collection, Mr. Edward B.
-Eaton, Hartford, Connecticut.
-
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC
-
-                     APRIL, 1861, TO AUGUST, 1861.
-
-                       _Three Months' Campaign._
-
-Long Bridge. Washington, D. C., L.7824.
-
-Christ church, Alexandria, where General Washington attended, S.2301.
-
-Marshall House, Alexandria, Va., S.1189.
-
-Slave-pen, Alexandria, Va., L.7264. S.1003, S.1174.
-
-Ruins of Norfolk navy-yard, 8.984.
-
-Ruins of Harper's Ferry arsenal, S.655.
-
-Ruins of bridge across Potomac River at Berlin, S.658.
-
-Fairfax court-house, S.298.
-
-Fairfax seminary, S.2322.
-
-Fairfax church, S.2323.
-
-Taylor's tavern, near Fall's Church, S.2320.
-
-Cub Run, S.307.
-
-Bull Hun, S.1111.
-
-Battlefield of Bull Run, S.1046.
-
-Ruins of stone bridge, Bull Run, L.7082, S.310, S.312.
-
-Sudley church, S.315, S.316, S.1017, S.1148.
-
-Sudley Ford, Bull Run, S.313, S.314.
-
-Thorburn's house, Bull Run, S.317.
-
-Matthews's house, Bull Run, S.318.
-
-Robinson's house, Bull Run, S.319, S.1176.
-
-Ruins of Henry's house, Bull Run, S.320.
-
-Headquarters of General Beauregard (confederate) at Manassas, S.327.
-
-Stone church, Centreville, S.302.
-
-Mrs. Spinner's house, near Centreville, S.308, S.309.
-
-Grigsby House (Stevens's house), near Centreville, S.1163, S.303.
-
-Soldier' graves, Bull Run, S.321.
-
-Dedication of monument on battlefield of Bull Run, L.7362, L.7363,
-L.7364.
-
-Monument on battlefield of Bull Run, L.7532, S.1193, S.1194.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC.
-
-                     AUGUST, 1861, TO MARCH, 1862.
-
-Headquarters of General McClellan at Fairfax Court House, Va., (also
-used by General Beauregard) L.7142, S.299.
-
-Camp of Tenth Massachusetts Infantry, S.2421.
-
-Signal tower near camp of Fourteenth New York Infantry, S.2352.
-
-Camp of Thirty-fifth New York Infantry, S.2422.
-
-Camp of Seventy-first New York Infantry, S.2413, S.2415.
-
-Camp of Thirty-first Pennsylvania Infantry, Queen's farm, near Fort
-Slocum, Virginia, S.2409, S.2410, S.2412.
-
-Camp scenes in camp of Thirty-first Pennsylvania Infantry, S.2405,
-S.2406.
-
-Review of Dwight's brigade, 8.2419, S.2420.
-
-Newspaper dealer in camp, C.1378.
-
-Sunday services in camp of Sixty-ninth New York Infantry, S.3713.
-
-Professor Lowe's balloon, S.2349, S.2350.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC.
-
-                      MARCH, 1862, TO JULY, 1862.
-
-                         _Peninsula Campaign._
-
-Battery No. 1, in front of Yorktown, L.7094, S.361, S.362, S.363, S.364,
-S.365.
-
-Battery No. 4, in front of Yorktown, S.373, S.374, S.375, S.376, S.377,
-S.378, S.379, S.380.
-
-Naval battery in front of Yorktown, S.463.
-
-Battery Magruder (confederate), Yorktown, S.2360, S.2361, S.2362.
-
-Confederate fortifications, Yorktown, S.450, S.451, S.452, S.453, S.458,
-S.1026, S.2364, S.2365, S.2366, S.2367, S.2368, S.2369, S.2425.
-
-Confederate fortifications, Yorktown, with exploded gun, S.455. S.2370.
-
-Ravine at Yorktown in which confederate magazines located, S.447.
-
-Confederate water battery at Gloucester Point, S.454, S.457, S.460,
-S.461.
-
-Yorktown Landing, S.2383.
-
-Artillery park at Yorktown Landing, S.2358.
-
-Wagon park at Yorktown Landing, S.2357.
-
-Sally-port at Yorktown, S.2371.
-
-Street view in Yorktown, S.2372.
-
-Court-house, Yorktown, S.2375, S.2376.
-
-Church, used as Second Corps hospital, Yorktown, S.2374.
-
-Baptist church and hospital of Third Division, Sixth Corps, Yorktown,
-S.2373.
-
-Cornwallis's headquarters during Revolutionary war, S.2336.
-
-Headquarters of General Magruder (confederate), Yorktown, Va., S.449.
-
-Cornwallis Cave, Yorktown, used by confederates for magazine, S.2379,
-S.2380.
-
-Captain Perkins's "Secesh," horse captured at Cornwallis Cave, Yorktown,
-S.2381.
-
-Confederate winter quarters near Yorktown, S.2377.
-
-Camp scene in front of Yorktown--quarters of Dr. Grant and Dr. Dwight,
-of French's brigade, S.2378.
-
-Farnhold's house, near Yorktown, May, 1862, S.360.
-
-Moore's house, near Yorktown, S.462.
-
-Clark's house, near Yorktown--used as hospital, S.371.
-
-House used by General La Fayette during Revolutionary war as
-Headquarters, S.369, S.372.
-
-Tabb's house, Yorktown, L.7413.
-
-=Camp Winfield Scott, headquarters Army of Potomac, in front of
-Yorktown, May, 1862:=
-
---views of camp, S.350, S.367, S.368.
-
---Prince de Joinville, Duc de Chartres, Comte de Paris, English army
-officers, and officers of General McClellan's staff, S.352, S.353,
-S.354.
-
---staff and foreign officers at General McClellan's headquarters, S.429,
-S.355.
-
---Prince de Joinville, Duc de Chartres, and Comte de Paris at mess
-table, S.356, S.358.
-
---group of staff officers at General McClellan's headquarters, S.388.
-
---group of English officers at General McClellan's headquarters, S.638.
-
---topographical engineers, S.366.
-
---group at photographer's tent, S.349.
-
---Captain Custer, U. S. A., and Lieutenant Washington, a confederate
-prisoner, May, 1862, S.428.
-
---orderlies and servants, S.359, S.444.
-
-Camp at General Andrew Porter's headquarters in front of Yorktown, May,
-1862, S.370.
-
-General Andrew Porter's staff, May, 1862, S.389.
-
-Generals Franklin, Slocum, Barry, and Newton, and staff officers, May,
-1862, S.381, S.382.
-
-Embarkation at Yorktown for White House Landing, S.2363.
-
-=Encampment of Army of Potomac at Cumberland Landing:=
-
---view of camp, L.7597, L.7598, L.7519, L.7648, S.1180.
-
---views making panoramic view, S.1076, S.1186, S.1212, S.1213, S.1214,
-S.1219.
-
---views making panoramic view, S.1215, S.1216, S.1217, S.1218.
-
---seven views making one panoramic view, S.1220, S.1221, S.1222, S.1223,
-S.1224, S.1225, S.1226.
-
-Foller's house, Cumberland Landing, S.385.
-
-Contrabands at Foller's house, Cumberland Landing, S.383.
-
-White House Landing, S.2485.
-
-Conway Landing, S.2490.
-
-View of river below White House Landing, S.2489.
-
-The White House, former residence of Mrs. Custis Washington, S.384.
-
-Ruins of the White House, S.2486.
-
-Camp of Christian Commission, at White House Landing, S.2487.
-
-Ruins of bridge across Pamunkey River, near White House Landing, S.386.
-
-Saint Peter's church, near White House, where General Washington was
-married, S.2302, S.2303.
-
-Headquarters Army of Potomac, at Savage Station, June, 1862, S.468.
-
-Field hospital, at Savage Station, after battle of June 27, 1862, S.491.
-
-=Battlefield of Fair Oaks:=
-
---house used as hospital for Hooker's division during the battle, S.478,
-S.479.
-
---house used as hospital, S.480.
-
---house near which over four hundred soldiers were buried, S.470.
-
---Sickles's brigade coming into line in distance, S.471.
-
---Quarle's house, S.474.
-
---earthworks at extreme front, S.472.
-
-Fort Richardson, near Fair Oaks Station, June, 1862, S.473.
-
-Fort Sumner, near Fair Oaks Station, June, 1862, S.476.
-
-Camp Lincoln, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, S.430.
-
-Battery,--First New York Artillery Battalion, near Fair Oaks, June,
-1862, S.443, S.640.
-
-Robertson's Battery of Horse Artillery, Battery B, Second United States
-Artillery, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, S.642, S.439.
-
-Benson's Battery of Horse Artillery, Battery M, Second United States
-Artillery, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, S.433, S.641.
-
-Gibson's Battery of Horse Artillery, Battery C, Third United States
-Artillery, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862, S.431.
-
-Officers of Brigade of Horse Artillery, near Fair Oaks, June, 1862,
-S.434, S.639.
-
-General Stoneman, General Naglee, and staff officers, near Fair Oaks,
-June, 1862, S.436, S.438, S.445.
-
-Gun captured by Butterfield's brigade, near Hanover Court House, S.2353,
-S.2354.
-
-Mechanicsville, Va., S.909.
-
-Elliston's Mill, battlefield of Mechanicsville, S.920.
-
-Gaines's Mill, Va., S.932.
-
-Battlefield of Gaines's Mill, Va., unburied dead, S.914, S.916.
-
-Engineer Corps making corduroy roads, June, 1862, S.656.
-
-Bridge across Chickahominy River, built by Fifteenth New York Engineers,
-S.489.
-
-Grape Vine Bridge across Chickahominy River, L.7383.
-
-Bridge across Chickahominy River, S.930.
-
-Bridge across Chickahominy River, Mechanicsville Road, S.913.
-
-Telegraph station, Wilcox's Landing, S.2351.
-
-Westover House, James River, S.2334, S.2335.
-
-Westover Landing, James River, S.620.
-
-Officers of Third and Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry, Westover Landing,
-S.623, S.629.
-
-General W. W. Averell and staff, Westover Landing, S.635.
-
-Headquarters of Signal Corps camp at Harrison's Landing, S.621.
-
-General Sedgwick, Colonel Sackett, and Lieutenant-Colonel Colburn,
-Harrison's Landing, August, 1862, S.653.
-
-Group of officers that graduated in class of 1860, United States
-Military Academy, Harrison's Landing, August, 1862, S.624.
-
-Major Myers, Lieutenant Stryker, and Lieutenant Norton, Harrison's
-Landing, August, 1862, S.626.
-
-Group of officers belonging to Irish brigade, Harrison's Landing, July,
-1862, S.627.
-
-Lieutenants Jones, Bowen, and Custer, May, 1862, S.387.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC.
-
-                    JULY, 1862, TO SEPTEMBER, 1862.
-
-                           _Pope's Campaign._
-
-=Centreville, after its evacuation by confederate army in March, 1862:=
-
---confederate barracks, L.7212, S.331, S.332, S.648, S.1045.
-
---confederate fortifications, S.305, S.334, S.333, S.1144, S.1145.
-
---headquarters of (confederate) General Johnston, S.303.
-
-=Manassas, after its evacuation by confederate army in March, 1862:=
-
---destruction of railroad, L.7197.
-
---confederate fortifications, L.7171, S.323, S.543, S.544, S.545, S.546.
-
-Yellow hospital, Manassas, July, 1862, S.650.
-
-Headquarters of General McDowell, near Manassas, July, 1862, S.646,
-S.647.
-
-Our photographer, near Manassas, July, 1862, S.651.
-
-=Battlefield of Cedar Mountain:=
-
---general views, S.500, S.506, S.511.
-
---west view of the field, S.504.
-
---dead horses, S.510.
-
---house in which General Winder (confederate) was killed, S.501, S.502.
-
---house used as confederate hospital, S.507.
-
---Mrs. Hudson's house, S.505.
-
---Slaughter's house, position of confederate battery, S.508.
-
-Federal battery fording a tributary of the Rappahannock River on day of
-battle of Cedar Mountain, S.520.
-
-Hazel River, S.521.
-
-=Culpeper, Va.:=
-
---general views of town, S.216, S.527, S.530.
-
---court-house, S.523.
-
---railroad depot, S.528, S.529.
-
---street views, S.524, S.525, S.526.
-
-Troops building bridge across north fork of Rappahannock River, near
-Fauquier Sulphur Springs, S.512, S.513, S.515.
-
-Fugitive negroes fording Rappahannock River, escaping from advance of
-confederate army, S.518, S.519.
-
-Fauquier Sulphur Springs hotel, S.537, S.542.
-
-Rappahannock station, S.522.
-
-Rappahannock bridge, S.514, S.517.
-
-=Warrenton, Va.:=
-
---street views, S.532, S.534.
-
---court-house, S.533.
-
---railroad depot, S.535, S.536.
-
---church, S.736.
-
-Catlett's Station, August, 1862, S.594.
-
-Destruction of railroad rolling stock on Orange & Alexandria Railroad,
-S.593.
-
-=Battlefield of Manassas:=
-
---ruins of Mrs. Henry's house, S.320.
-
---Thorburn's house, S.317.
-
---Matthews's house, S.318.
-
---Robinson's house, S.319, S.1176.
-
-Bridge across Bull Run, built by Engineers of McDowell's corps, August,
-1862, S.547.
-
-Picket post near Blackburn's Ford, Bull Run, =S.=645.
-
-Sudley Ford, Bull Run, =S.=313, =S.=314.
-
-Sudley church, =S.=315, =S.=316, =S.=1017, =S.=1148.
-
-Ruins of stone bridge, Bull Run, =L.=7082, =S.=310, =S.=312.
-
-Ruins of bridge at Blackburn's Ford, Bull Run, =S.=2338.
-
-Bull Run, =S.=1111.
-
-Cub Run, =S.=307.
-
-Stone church, Centreville, =S.=302.
-
-Mrs. Spinner's house, near Centreville, =S.=308, =S.=309.
-
-Grigsby House (Stevens's house), near Centreville, =S.=1163, =S.=303.
-
-Fairfax court-house, =S.=298.
-
-Monument on battlefield of Groveton, =L.=7299, =S.=1193.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC.
-
-                  SEPTEMBER, 1862, TO NOVEMBER, 1862.
-
-                          _Antietam Campaign._
-
-=Battlefield at Antietam:=
-
---view of part of the field on the day of the battle, =S.=671.
-
---view on Antietam Creek, =S.=597.
-
---signal station on Elk Mountain, =L.=7270, =L.=7563, =S.=633.
-
---Antietam bridge, =S.=1178, =S.=1179.
-
---Antietam bridge, looking up stream, =L.=7214, =S.=578.
-
---Antietam bridge, looking down stream, =L.=7093, =S.=609.
-
---Antietam bridge, southeastern view, =S.=608.
-
---Antietam bridge, northeastern view, =S.=607.
-
---Antietam bridge, eastern view, =S.=583, =S.=610, =S.=614.
-
---Burnside bridge, looking up stream, =S.=584.
-
---Burnside bridge, northeastern view, =S.=615.
-
---Burnside bridge, southeastern view, =S.=600, =S.=601.
-
---Burnside bridge, southwestern view, =S.=613.
-
---Burnside bridge, northwestern view, =S.=612.
-
---Miller's house, =L.=7019.
-
---Newcomer's mill, =S.=582.
-
---Sherrick's house, =S.=598.
-
---Rullet's house, =S.=575.
-
---Ruins of Mumma's house, =S.=574.
-
---Real's barn, =S.=591.
-
---General Hooker's headquarters during the battle, =S.=576.
-
---Dunker church, =S.=573, =S.=1196.
-
---bodies of dead confederate soldiers alongside the fence on Hagerstown
-road, =S.=559, =S.=560, =S.=566, =S.=567.
-
---bodies of dead confederate soldiers near Sherrick's house, =S.=554,
-=S.=555, =S.=571.
-
---views on the field where Sumner's corps charged, =S.=552, =S.=562,
-=S.=564, =S.=568.
-
---views in the ditch on the right, showing many dead confederates,
-=S.=553, =S.=563, =S.=565.
-
---bodies of dead confederate soldiers, =S.=325, =S.=326, =S.=567.
-
---burying the dead, =S.=551, =S.=557, =S.=561, =S.=569.
-
---graves of federal soldiers at Burnside bridge, =S.=585.
-
---a lone grave, =S.=570.
-
---confederate wounded at Smith's barn after the battle; Dr. Hurd, of
-Fourteenth Indiana, in attendance, =S.=588, =S.=589, =S.=590, =S.=592.
-
-President Lincoln in General McClellan's tent at headquarters Army of
-Potomac, October, 1862, =S.=602.
-
-General Marcy and other officers at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-October, 1862, =S.=603.
-
-Blacksmith's forge and horse-shoers, at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-September, 1862, =S.=587.
-
-Group at secret-service quarters, headquarters Army of Potomac, October,
-1862, =S.=631.
-
-Major Allen Pinkerton, at secret-service quarters, October, 1826,
-=S.=618.
-
-Sharpsburg, Md., September, 1862, =S.=595, =S.=599.
-
-Lutheran church, Sharpsburg, Md., September, 1862, =S.=596.
-
-Pontoon bridges and ruins of stone bridge across Potomac River at
-Berlin, October, 1862,=L.=7437, =S.=616.
-
-=Harper's Ferry, W. Va.:=
-
---general views, =L.=7443, =L.=7649, =S.=654.
-
---Maryland Heights, =L.=7132, =L.=7441, =S.=1002.
-
---Loudoun Heights, =L.=7072.
-
---Maryland and, Loudoun Heights, =L.=7133.
-
---Bolivar Heights, =L.=7187.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC.
-
-                     NOVEMBER, 1862, TO JUNE, 1863.
-
-                       _Fredericksburg Campaign._
-
-Generals of the Army of the Potomac, November 10, 1862, =L.=7380.
-
-General A. E. Burnside and staff, Warrenton, Va., November, 1862,
-=L.=7186, =L.=7379, =L.=7382, =S.=1049.
-
-=Acquia Creek Landing:=
-
---distant views, =S.=673, =S.=674, =S.=681.
-
---wharves, =L.=7014, =L.=7446, =L.=7643, =S.=682.
-
---quartermaster's office, =L.=7108, =S.=176.
-
---commissary depot, =S.=680.
-
---group at hospital, =L.=7355.
-
---clerks at commissary depot, =L.=7322, =L.=7533.
-
---employees at quartermaster's wagon-camp, =L.=7323.
-
---Lieut.-Col. Sawtelle, Captain Forsyth, Dr. Wright, Lieut.-Col. Porter,
-and others, at Acquia Creek Landing, =L.=7320.
-
-Phillips's house, near Falmouth, =S.=677.
-
-Lacey's house, near Falmouth, =S.=697, =S.=698.
-
-=Fredericksburg:=
-
---view taken from Tyler's battery, =S.=676.
-
---panoramic view, =S.=683, =S.=1191.
-
---lower end of town, =S.=178.
-
---houses, showing effect of shelling on December 13, 1862, =S.=716,
-=S.=717, =S.=718, =S.=719, =S.=2511.
-
-Barnard's house, below Fredericksburg, destroyed during battle,
-=L.=7141.
-
-Marye's house, on Marye's Heights, in rear of Fredericksburg, rifle-pits
-in front, =S.=733, =S.=734.
-
-A frame house on Marye's Heights, in rear of Fredericksburg, showing
-effects of shot and shell, =S.=735.
-
-Embarkation of Ninth Corps at Acquia Creek Landing, February, 1863,
-=S.=679.
-
-=Headquarters Army of Potomac:=
-
---group of staff officers, =S.=693, =S.=695.
-
---Lieutenant-Colonel Dickinson and other officers, =L.=7467.
-
---Dr. Letterman, medical director, and other officers, =L.=7356.
-
---clerks in office of Assistant Adjutant-General, =S.=177.
-
---post-office, =L.=7314, =L.=7396.
-
---mail-wagon, =S.=296.
-
-General Alfred Pleasonton and Captain Custer, near Falmouth, April,
-1863, =L.=7551.
-
-General J. H. H. Ward and group, Acquia Creek Landing, February, 1863,
-=L.=7040.
-
-Colonel Graham and other officers, Falmouth, Va., March, 1863, =L.=7525.
-
-Captains Moore, Russell, and Chandler, of General Hooker's staff,
-Falmouth, Va., April, 1863, =L.=7552.
-
-Major Whitney, Captain Harrison, and Captain Owen, Warrenton, Va,
-November, 1862, =L.=7450.
-
-Company "I" Sixth Pennsylvania (Rush's lancers), near Falmouth, June,
-1863, =L.=7140.
-
-Camp of One Hundred and Fiftieth Pennsylvania Infantry, March, 1863,
-=S.=297.
-
-Headquarters of Sixty-first New York Infantry, and group of officers,
-near Falmouth, Va., April, 1863, =L.=7530, =L.=7531.
-
-Balloon Camp, near Falmouth, Va., March, 1863, =S.=678.
-
-Ambulance train of Engineer Brigade, near Falmouth, April, 1863,
-=L.=7523, =S.=516.
-
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC.
-
-                          JUNE AND JULY, 1863.
-
-                         _Gettysburg Campaign._
-
-Headquarters Army of Potomac, near Fairfax Court House, June, 1863,
-=L.=7507.
-
-Commissary tent, and Capt Howard and group, at headquarters Army of
-Potomac, near Fairfax Court House, June, 1863, =L.=7438, =L.=7549.
-
-=Emmettsburg, Md.:=
-
---view of the town, =S.=272.
-
---Farmer's Hotel, =S.=228.
-
---Mount Saint Mary's College, =L.=7234, =L.=7357, =S.=269, =S.=270.
-
---Saint Joseph's Academy, =L.=7473, =L.=7595, =S.=271.
-
-=Gettysburg, Pa.:=
-
---view of town from Culp's Hill, =L.=7360.
-
---view of town from the cemetery, =S.=273.
-
---college, =L.=7596.
-
---seminary, =S.=2393.
-
---office of Sanitary Commission, =S.=238.
-
---entrance to National Cemetery, July, 1865, =L.=7248, =L.=7489.
-
---dedication of monument, =S.=1159, =S.=1160.
-
---White's house, near Gettysburg, =L.=7465.
-
-=Battlefield of Gettysburg:=
-
---General Meade's headquarters, =S.=259, =S.=1167.
-
---General R. E. Lee's (confederate) headquarters, =S.=2394, =S.=2395.
-
---scene at Trossel's barn, where Ninth Massachusetts Battery was cut up,
-showing dead horses, =S.=266.
-
---scene at Trossel's house, near center of battlefield, =S.=248.
-
---bodies of dead confederate sharpshooters among the rocks in front of
-Little Round Top, =L.=7096, =S.=229, =S.=237, =S.=244, =S.=251, =S.=258,
-=S.=263.
-
---body of confederate soldier disemboweled by a shell, =L.=7258,
-=S.=274.
-
---a shattered caisson, and dead horses, =S.=226.
-
---bodies of confederate soldiers killed by fire of federal batteries on
-Round Top, =S.=236.
-
---bodies of dead in the "wheat field," near Emmettsburg road--scene of
-fighting on second day, =S.=227, =S.=239, =S.=256, =S.=257, =S.=260,
-=S.=268.
-
---bodies of dead confederate soldiers of South Carolina Regiment on the
-left of their line, =S.=240, =S.=250.
-
---bodies of dead confederate soldiers who were killed in fight on first
-day, collected for burial, =S.=233, =S.=235, =S.=245, =S.=246.
-
---bodies of dead in the woods In front of Little Round Top, =S.=249,
-=S.=252, =S.=253.
-
---views in the "slaughter pen" showing dead confederates at foot of
-Little Round Top, =S.=262, =S.=265, =S.=267.
-
---views of temporary intrenchments of federal troops on Little Round
-Top, =S.=230, =S.=231, =S.=241, =S.=247, =S.=255, =S.=261, =S.=264.
-
---views of Little Round Top, =L.=7318, =L.=7319, =L.=7491, =L.=7493.
-
---bodies of dead federal soldiers on the field where General Reynolds
-was killed, =S.=234, =S.=243.
-
-=Battlefield of Gettysburg,--Continued:=
-
---bodies of dead federal soldiers in front of Seminary Ridge, =S.=242.
-
---Little Round Top, =S.=2400.
-
---woods on federal left, showing wounded trees, or how the bullets flew,
-=S.=2386, =S.=2391.
-
---breastworks on federal left, =S.=2387.
-
---old cemetery gate, =S.=2388, =S.=2389.
-
-John L. Burns, the "hero of Gettysburg," recovering from his wounds,
-=S.=2401, =S.=2402.
-
-John L. Burns's cottage, =S.=2403.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC.
-
-                    AUGUST, 1863, TO DECEMBER, 1863.
-
-                      _Gettysburg to Mine Run._
-
-Destruction of Orange & Alexandria Railroad by the confederates on their
-retreat from Manassas in October, 1863, =S.=173, =S.=174.
-
-Rebuilding bridge on Orange & Alexandria Railroad, across Cedar Run,
-near Catlett's Station, =S.=343.
-
-Generals of the Army of the Potomac, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863,
-=L.=7329.
-
-=Headquarters Army of Potomac, Bealeton, Va.:=
-
---General Patrick's quarters near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, =L.=7120.
-
---sutler's tent, =L.=7216.
-
---Colonel Sharpe and officers of secret service, =S.=213.
-
---military telegraph operators, =L.=7311, =L.=7312, =L.=7358.
-
---officers of Signal Corps, =L.=7374.
-
---Captain Pierce, Captain Page, Captain Howell, Lieutenant Kelly,
-=L.=7332, =L.=7333, =L.=7375.
-
---wagons and horses of quartermaster's repair shops, =S.=276, =L.=7328.
-
---Captain Kimball's tent, =S.=215.
-
-"John Henry" at Headquarters Third Army Corps, staff officers, =L.=7339.
-
-Dr. Murray's house, near Auburn, Va., =L.=7081, =S.=224.
-
-General Pleasonton's headquarters, near Auburn, Va., =S.=275.
-
-Battery A, Fourth United States Artillery, Culpeper, Va., September,
-1863, =L.=7334.
-
-Headquarters of Battery,--United States Artillery, Culpeper, Va.,
-September, 1863, =L.=7341, =L.=7342.
-
-Officers of Eightieth New York Infantry (Twentieth N. Y. S. M.),
-Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, =L.=7071, =L.=7373.
-
-Camp of Ninety-third New York Infantry, near Bealeton, Va., August,
-1863, =S.=212, =S.=219.
-
-Officers of Ninety-third New York Infantry, near Bealeton, Va., August,
-1863, =L.=7515.
-
-Officers of regimental staff of Ninety-third New York Infantry, near
-Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, =L.=7011, =S.=284.
-
-Commissioned officers' mess, Company D, Ninety-third New York Infantry,
-near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, =S.=218.
-
-Non-commissioned officers' mess, Company D, Ninety-third New York
-Infantry, near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, =S.=217.
-
-Commissioned officers' mess, Company E, Ninety-third New York Infantry,
-near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, =S.=225.
-
-Commissioned officers' mess, Company F, Ninety-third New York Infantry,
-near Bealeton, Va., August, 1863, =S.=220.
-
-Camp in the woods, near Culpeper, Va., November, 1863, =S.=223.
-
-General Custer and General Pleasonton, Warrenton, Va., October, 1863,
-=L.=7371.
-
-General Mott, General Ward, Colonels Austin, Brewster, and Farnum,
-October, 1863, =L.=7079, =S.=280.
-
-Lieutenant-Colonel Wood and other officers, Culpeper, Va., November,
-1863, =S.=222.
-
-Officers of Horse Artillery Brigade, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863,
-=L.=7076, =L.=7078, =L.=7083, =L.=7607.
-
-Surgeons of Second Division, Third Corps, Culpeper, Va., September,
-1863, =L.=7378.
-
-Catlett's Station, =S.=594.
-
-Rappahannock Station, =S.=522.
-
-Ruins of hotel at Fauquier Sulphur Springs, =L.=7092, =S.=293, =S.=1161.
-
-Residence of John Minor Botts, =L.=7123, =L.=7124, =L.=7125, =S.=286,
-=S.=287.
-
-=Warrenton, Va.:=
-
---street views, =S.=532, =S.=534.
-
---court-house, =S.=533.
-
---railroad depot, =S.=535, =S.=536.
-
---church, =S.=736.
-
-=Culpeper, Va.:=
-
---general views of town, =S.=216, =S.=527, =S.=530.
-
---court-house, =S.=523.
-
---railroad depot, =S.=528, =S.=529.
-
---street views, =S.=524, =S.=525, =S.=526.
-
---Wallack's house, =L.=7080.
-
-Headquarters of New York Herald in the field, near Bealeton, Va.,
-August, 1863, =L.=7235, =L.=7237, =S.=294.
-
-Newsboy in camp, =S.=617.
-
-Headquarters of Christian Commission, Germantown, Va., August, 1863,
-=L.=7471.
-
-Gimlet, a noted war-horse on the Rappahannock, =S.=643.
-
-Contrabands at leisure, =S.=221.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC
-
-                     DECEMBER, 1863, TO MAY, 1864.
-
-           _Winter Quarters at Brandy Station and Vicinity._
-
-View near Brandy Station, =L.=7624.
-
-=Headquarters Army of Potomac, April, 1864:=
-
----- eastern half of camp, =L.=7337, =L.=7495, =S.=130, =S.=131.
-
----- western half of camp, =S.=130, =L.=7327.
-
----- quarters of chief commissary, =L.=7325, =L.=7352.
-
----- officers' winter quarters, =L.=7126, =L.=7161, =L.=7163.
-
----- quarters of chief quartermaster (General Ingalls), =L.=7621.
-
----- army post-office, =L.=7587.
-
----- provost-marshal's office, =L.=7259.
-
----- General Patrick's quarters, =S.=125.
-
----- Colonel Sharpe's quarters, =S.=124, =S.=129.
-
----- Captain Harry Clinton's quarters, =L.=7326, =L.=7500, =S.=128.
-
----- commissary department, =S.=123.
-
----- camp of Military Telegraph Corps, =L.=7353, =S.=126.
-
----- quarters of scouts and guides, =S.=127.
-
----- quartermaster's repair shops, =S.=136.
-
-Headquarters of General D. B. Birney, =L.=7628.
-
-Headquarters of General J. H. H. Ward, =L.=7626, =L.=7627.
-
-Headquarters of First Brigade Horse Artillery, =L.=7157, =L.=7590,
-=L.=7634, =L.=7637.
-
-=Headquarters Third Army Corps:=
-
----- quarters of Colonel Howard, chief quartermaster, =L.=7277.
-
----- quarters of Captain Bates, =S.=133, =S.=137.
-
-A regimental winter headquarters, =L.=7309.
-
-Headquarters Fifth Army Corps, officers' quarters, =L.=7158.
-
-Headquarters Third Division, Cavalry Corps, =L.=7638.
-
-Sutler's tent, First Brigade Horse Artillery, =L.=7164, =L.=7165,
-=L.=7496.
-
-Field hospital of First Division, Second Corps, =L.=7301.
-
-Field hospital of Second Division, Second Corps, =L.=7305, =L.=7306.
-
-Field hospital of Third Division, Second Corps, =L.=7146, =L.=7632.
-
-Mail-wagon of Second Army Corps, =L.=7303.
-
-=Camp of United States Engineer Battalion, March, 1864:=
-
----- general views of camp, =L.=7310, =L.=7433, =L.=7560.
-
----- headquarters, =L.=7097.
-
----- officers' quarters, =L.=7109.
-
----- quarters of Co. D, =L.=7005.
-
-Camp of Eighteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, =L.=7650.
-
-Camp of One Hundred and Fourteenth Pennsylvania Infantry, =L.=7308,
-=L.=7612.
-
-Guard mounting of One Hundred and Fourteenth Pennsylvania Infantry,
-=L.=7613, =S.=134, =S.=135.
-
-Camp of Sixth New York Artillery, =L.=7265.
-
-=Camp of Fiftieth New York Engineers, near Rappahannock Station, March,
-1864,--Winter Camp:=
-
----- winter camp, general view, =L.=7461, =L.=7276, =L.=7276, =S.=138.
-
----- stockade entrance, =L.=7351.
-
----- sutler's hut, =L.=7290.
-
----- quarters of field and staff =L.=7293, =L.=7604, =L.=7608.
-
----- quarters of line officers, =L.=7614.
-
-General Meade, General Sedgwick, and staff officers, at headquarters
-Horse Artillery Brigade, =L.=7618, =S.=1228.
-
-Major William Riddle and group, at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-=S.=139.
-
-General Rufus Ingalls and other officers, at headquarters Army of
-Potomac, =L.=7497, =L.=7610.
-
-A dinner party at headquarters Army of Potomac, =S.=132, =S.=140.
-
-General Judson Kilpatrick and staff, Stevensburg, Va., =L.=7224,
-=L.=7516.
-
-Captain J. M. Robertson and staff, First Brigade Horse Artillery,
-=L.=7555, =L.=7589.
-
-Provost-marshals of Third Corps, =L.=7088, =L.=7402.
-
-Colonel Sharpe and officers of Secret Service Department, headquarters
-Army of Potomac, =L.=7202.
-
-Scouts and guides of Army of Potomac, =L.=7105, =L.=7294, =L.=7599.
-
-Clerks at headquarters Army of Potomac, =L.=7184.
-
-Clerks in provost-marshal's office at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-=L.=7130, =L.=7291.
-
-Canvas pontoon wagon, =L.=7128, =L.=7272.
-
-Canvas pontoon boat, =L.=7273.
-
-Pontoon wagon and boat (side view), =L.=7160, =L.=7181.
-
-Pontoon boat (front view), =L.=7074, =L.=7584.
-
-Pontoon boat (rear view), =L.=7585, =L.=7586.
-
-Ordnance train of Third Division, Cavalry Corps, =L.=7640.
-
-Military Telegraph Construction Corps, =L.=7117.
-
-Wagon park, near Brandy Station, =L.=7268.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC.
-
-                       MAY, 1864, TO JUNE, 1864.
-
-                         _Wilderness Campaign._
-
-=Belle Plain Landing, Potomac River:=
-
----- general view, =S.=708.
-
----- camp of Second New York Artillery and First Massachusetts
-Artillery, =S.=709, =S.=710.
-
-=Belle Plain Landing, Potomac River,--Continued:=
-
---distant views, =S.=2476, =S.=2477.
-
---pontoon wharves, =S.=705, =S.=707, =S.=2480, =S.=2482, =S.=2483.
-
---quartermaster's camp, =S.=704.
-
---camp of Sanitary Commission, =S.=2484.
-
---Sanitary Commission wagons, =S.=2478.
-
-Headquarters of Sanitary Commission at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864,
-=S.=737.
-
-Store-rooms of Sanitary Commission at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864,
-=S.=739.
-
-Cooking-tents of Sanitary Commission at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864,
-=S.=742.
-
-Officers and nurses of Sanitary Commission at Fredericksburg, Va., May.
-1864, =S.=741.
-
-Wounded soldiers from the Wilderness of Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864,
-=S.=740, =S.=2507.
-
-Burial of dead at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, =S.=2506, =S.=2508,
-=S.=2509.
-
-Soldiers filling their water-cart, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864,
-=S.=2504, =S.=2505.
-
-Soldiers drawing water, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, =S.=2512.
-
-Views of Fredericksburg, from north bank of Rappahannock River, =S.=178,
-=S.=683.
-
-Court-house, Fredericksburg, Va., =S.=713.
-
-Wagon-trains crossing Rappahannock River on pontoon bridge, below
-Fredericksburg, =S.=715.
-
-Battery-wagon of military telegraph corps, =S.=786.
-
-Evacuation of Port Royal, Rappahannock River, May 30, 1864, =S.=2491,
-=S.=2492.
-
-Ruins of bridge at Germania Mills, Rapidan River, May, 1864, =S.=700.
-
-Troops crossing pontoon bridges over Rapidan River, at Germania Mills,
-May, 1864, =S.=701, =S.=702.
-
-Massaponax church, May 21, 1864, =S.=729.
-
-Council of war, at Massaponax church, May 21, 1864, General Grant
-leaning over General Meade's shoulder, examining map, =S.=732, =S.=730,
-=S.=731.
-
-Confederate prisoners captured from Johnson's division of Ewell's corps,
-May 12, encamped at Belle Plain awaiting transportation, =S.=703.
-
-Beverly's house, near Spottsylvania court-house, used as headquarters by
-General Warren, May, 1864, =S.=728.
-
-View from Beverly's house, looking toward Spottsylvania court-house,
-May, 1864, =S.=727.
-
-Allsop's house, near Spottsylvania court-house, point of Ewell's attack
-on the federal right on May 19, (bringing in the wounded,) =S.=721.
-
-Confederate dead of Ewell's Corps on the field near Allsop's house after
-Ewell's attack on May 19, =S.=723, =S.=725, =S.=726.
-
-First Massachusetts Artillery burying the dead at Mrs. Allsop's house
-after Ewell's attack of May 19, =S.=722, =S.=724.
-
-=Canvas pontoon bridge across North Anna River at Jericho Mills; point
-at which Fifth Corps crossed, May, 1864:=
-
---views from north bank, =S.=745, =S.=746, =S.=747.
-
---views from south bank, =S.=748, =S.=750.
-
---Fifth Corps ammunition train crossing, =S.=751.
-
-Fiftieth New York engineers constructing road on south bank of North
-Anna River at Jericho Mills, May, 1864, =L.=7304, =S.=749, =S.=1079.
-
-Chesterfield bridge, North Anna River, May, 1864, =S.=752, =S.=753.
-
-Confederate fortifications at Chesterfield bridge, North Anna River,
-captured by Second Corps, May, 1864, =S.=755, =S.=756.
-
-Destroyed railroad bridge across North Anna River, May, 1864, =S.=762.
-
-Quarle's Mill, North Anna River, May, 1864, =S.=757, =S.=758, =S.=761.
-
-Log bridge across North Anna River at Quarle's mill, where portion of
-Fifth Corps crossed and carried enemy's line of works on crest of hill,
-May, 1864, =S.=759, =S.=760.
-
-Pontoon bridges over North Anna River, on which portion of Second Corps
-crossed, May, 1864, =S.=763, =S.=764, =S.=765.
-
-Bethel church, headquarters of General Burnside, May, 1864, =S.=744.
-
-Canvas pontoon bridges over the Pamunkey River at Hanovertown Ferry,
-May, 1864, =L.=7395, =S.=766, =S.=767.
-
-Pontoon bridge over the Pamunkey River at Mrs. Nelson's crossing, May,
-1864, =S.=768.
-
-Ruins of bridge over Pamunkey River at Mrs. Nelson's crossing, May,
-1864, =S.=769.
-
-Old Church hotel, near Cold Harbor, June, 1864, =S.=770.
-
-Burnett's house, near Cold Harbor, June, 1864, =S.=771.
-
-Camp in the woods at Cold Harbor, June, 1864, =S.=772.
-
-Part of battlefield of Cold Harbor, =S.=1173.
-
-Collecting remains of the dead on battlefield of Cold Harbor, months
-after the battle, for permanent burial, =S.=918.
-
-Photographer's camp at Cold Harbor, =S.=2447.
-
-=Charles City, Va., June, 1864:=
-
---views of court-house, June, 1864, =S.=773, =S.=774, =S.=775, =S.=776,
-=S.=777, =S.=778.
-
---view of jail, June, 1864, =S.=779.
-
---ruins of town, June, 1864, =S.=780.
-
-Marshes on north bank of James River, at point at which Army of Potomac
-crossed, June, 1864, =S.=960.
-
-Pontoon bridge over James River, on which Army of Potomac crossed, June,
-1864, =L.=7484, =S.=781, =S.=2465.
-
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                            ARMY OF POTOMAC
-
-                      JUNE, 1864, TO APRIL, 1865.
-
-                         _Siege of Petersburg._
-
-Six different views on James River at City Point, =S.=793, =S.=798,
-=S.=799, =S.=958, =S.=2452, =S.=2453.
-
-Seventeen different views on the docks at City Point, =L.=7044, =S.=794,
-=S.=795, =S.=796, =S.=797, =S.=812, =S.=813, =S.=2456, =S.=2457
-=S.=2458, =S.=2459, =S.=2460, =S.=2449, =S.=2450, =S.=2454, 8.2455,
-=S.=3332.
-
-View on docks at City Point after explosion of ordnance barges,
-=L.=7254, =L.=7255, =L.=7449.
-
-Railroad depot, City Point, =S.=2461.
-
-General hospital, City Point, =L.=7134, =L.=7399, =L.=7664.
-
-Hospital landing and medical supply boat Planter, on Appomattox River,
-near City Point, =L.=7050, =S.=1038.
-
-Group of staff officers at General Grant's headquarters, =S.=3401,
-=S.=3402.
-
-Stable at General Grant's headquarters, =L.=7004.
-
-Cattle corral near City Point, =S.=2462, =S.=2463.
-
-Generals of the Army of Potomac, =L.=7100, =L.=7252.
-
-Non-commissioned officers of General Grant's cavalry escort, City Point,
-March, 1865, =L.=7445.
-
-Group of provost-guard at headquarters Army of Potomac, February, 1865,
-=L.=7251.
-
-Camp of Third Pennsylvania Cavalry at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-February, 1865, =L.=7298.
-
-Camp of Oneida Cavalry at headquarters Army of Potomac, February, 1865,
-=L.=7112.
-
-Camp of military telegraph operators at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-August, 1864, =S.=282.
-
-Group of officers at headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864,
-=L.=7135, =L.=7136.
-
-Capt. H. P. Clinton and clerks, at headquarters Army of Potomac, August,
-1864, =L.=7529, =L.=7537.
-
-Military telegraph operators at headquarters Army of Potomac, August,
-1864, =L.=7478, =S.=1023, =S.=1025, =S.=1030, =S.=1032, =S.=1033.
-
-Assistant engineers and draughtsmen at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-November, 1864, =L.=7106, =L.=7107, =L.=7116.
-
-Officers of First Massachusetts Cavalry at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-August, 1864, =L.=7390, =L.=7490.
-
-Officers and non-commissioned officers of First Massachusetts Cavalry at
-headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864 =L.=7354, =L.=7391.
-
-Company C, First Massachusetts Cavalry, at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-August, 1864, =L.=7295.
-
-Company D, First Massachusetts Cavalry, at headquarters Army of Potomac.
-August, 1864, =L.=7392, =L.=7476.
-
-Detachment of Third Indiana Cavalry at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-November, 1864, =L.=7023, =L.=7068.
-
-=One Hundred and Fourteenth Pennsylvania Infantry provost-guard at
-headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864:=
-
---officers, =L.=7137, =L.=7138, =L.=7316, =L.=7602.
-
---officers of Company--,=L.=7144, =L.=7145, =L.=7173.
-
---Company F, =L.=7003, =L.=7038, =L.=7143, =L.=7175, =L.=7447.
-
---Company G, =L.=7108, =L.=7348.
-
---Company H, =L.=7077, =L.=7262, =L.=7263.
-
-=United States Engineer Battalion, August, 1864:=
-
---Company A, =L.=7062, =L.=7384, =L.=7386.
-
---Company C, =L.=7240, =L.=7568.
-
---Company D, =L.=7054, =L.=7548.
-
---Essayon's Dramatic Club, =L.=7336, =L.=7439.
-
---Battalion headquarters, =L.=7065.
-
-=Camp of Fiftieth New York Engineers, November, 1864:=
-
---colonel's quarters, Colonel Spaulding at the door, =L.=7059, =S.=1047.
-
---headquarters, =L.=7167, =S.=1028, =S.=1048.
-
---surgeon's quarters, =L.=7233.
-
---officers' quarters and church, =L.=7210, =L.=7213, =S.=344, =S.=3338.
-
---church, =L.=7151, =S.=345, =S.=3339, =S.=3340.
-
---commissary department, =L.=7060.
-
-Officers of the Fiftieth Now York Engineers celebrating the 4th of July,
-1864, =S.=790, =S.=791.
-
-Camp of Thirteenth New York Artillery, =S.=2495, =S.=2496.
-
-Sutler's tent, Second Division, Ninth Corps, =S.=2448.
-
-Winter headquarters of Sixth Army Corps, February, 1865, =L.=7545.
-
-Headquarters of General O. B. Willcox, August, 1864, =L.=7222.
-
-Winter quarters of photographers attached to United States Engineer
-Battalion, March, 1865, =L.=7347.
-
-Winter camp of Second Wisconsin Infantry, February, 1865, =L.=7543.
-
-Camp of chief ambulance officer of Ninth Corps, August, 1864, =L.=7538,
-=L.=7667, =S.=818.
-
-A summer camp in the woods, August, 1864, =L.=7152, =L.=7154, =S.=1037.
-
-Execution of Johnson (a colored soldier) for attempted rape, June, 1864,
-=S.=783.
-
-Troops drawn up to witness execution of a deserter, August, 1864,
-=S.=983.
-
-Commissary depot at Cedar Level, August, 1864, =S.=819, =L.=7182,
-=L.=7645.
-
-Surgeons of First Division, Ninth Corps, October, 1864, =L.=7448.
-
-Surgeons of Second Division, Ninth Corps, October, 1864, =L.=7567,
-=L.=7575.
-
-Hospital stewards of Second Division, Ninth Corps, October, 1864,
-=L.=7296, =L.=7571.
-
-Surgeons of Third Division, Ninth Corps, August, 1864, =L.=7042,
-=L.=7063.
-
-Surgeons of Fourth Division, Ninth Corps, August, 1864, =L.=7045,
-=L.=7046.
-
-Chaplains of Ninth Corps, October, 1864, =L.=7049.
-
-Employees of quartermaster of First Division, Ninth Corps, forage
-department, November, 1864, =L.=7569.
-
-Employees of quartermaster of First Division, Ninth Corps, mechanics,
-November, 1864, =L.=7048.
-
-Surgeon Brinton and others, October, 1864, =L.=7564.
-
-=Outer line of confederate fortifications captured by Eighteenth Corps
-on June 15, 1864:=
-
---redoubt near Dunn's house, =S.=784, =S.=785, =S.=1027.
-
---redoubt and curtain, =S.=1137.
-
---interior view, with Cowan's 1st New York battery in occupation,
-=S.=787, =S.=788, =S.=2343.
-
-Confederate camp captured by Eighteenth Corps, June 15, 1864, =S.=782.
-
-The "Dictator"--13-inch mortar, August, 1864, =L.=7394, =L.=7463,
-=S.=820, =S.=822.
-
-Railroad battery, =S.=1171, =S.=1245.
-
-Bomb-proof soldiers' restaurant on the lines, =S.=1051.
-
-General view from the signal tower, =L.=7631.
-
-Bomb-proof quarters in federal camp, =S.=118, =S.=801, =S.=802, =S.=803,
-=S.=804, =S.=805, =S.=806, =S.=808, =S.=809, =S.=810, =S.=950, =S.=1053,
-=S.=1065, =S.=1073, =S.=3336, =S.=3337.
-
-=Fort Sedgwick ("Fort Hell"):=
-
---interior views, showing bomb-proof quarters of garrison, =L.=7534,
-=S.=1084, =S.=1093, =S.=1094, =S.=1095, =S.=3334, =S.=3335.
-
---officer's bomb-proof quarters in Fort Sedgwick, =S.=1085.
-
---interior view of the fort, looking south from its center, =L.=7633.
-
-View of federal line, looking from right of Fort Sedgwick to the left,
-=L.=7115.
-
-Fort Steadman, interior view, =S.=1086, =S.=3341, =S.=3342, =S.=3343.
-
-Crow's Nest battery and lookout, =S.=2494.
-
-Confederate fortifications at Gracie's salient, =L.=7018, =S.=1059,
-=S.=1060, =S.=1061.
-
-Fort McGilvery, confederate fortifications, =S.=1050, =S.=1052,
-=S.=1054, =S.=1057, =S.=1058, =S.=1063, =S.=1064, =S.=1066, =S.=1067,
-=S.=1068, =S.=1069, =S.=1071, =S.=1072, =S.=1074, =S.=1075, =S.=1091.
-
-Fortifications on the lines, not known whether federal or confederate,
-=S.=35, =S.=950, =S.=1055, =S.=1062, =S.=1070, =S.=1096, =S.=1097.
-
-"High Bridge," across Appomattox River, Southside Railroad, =L.=7162,
-=L.=7179, =L.=7286, =L.=7287, =S.=1013, =S.=1184.
-
-McLean's house, scene of General Lee's surrender, =L.=7191, =L.=7292,
-=S.=1210.
-
-Appomattox court-house, =L.=7169, =L.=7189, =L.=7193, =S.=1164.
-
-First wagon-train entering Petersburg, =L.=7172, =S.=951.
-
-=Petersburg, Va.:=
-
---view of gas works, showing effect of bombardment, =S.=1021, =S.=1182.
-
---view of planing-mills, showing effect of bombardment, =S.=1104.
-
---Blandford church, =L.=7269, =S.=1089, =S.=1090.
-
---street views, =S.=952, =S.=959, =L.=7444.
-
---female seminary, =L.=7315.
-
---Michler's cottage, =L.=7485.
-
---Brant's house, =L.=7522.
-
---Appomattox River above city, =S.=1092.
-
---Johnson's mill, =L.=7207, =S.=1102, =S.=1103.
-
---merchant's mill, =L.=7113.
-
---cotton mills, =S.=1081, =S.=1082, =S.=1083, =S.=1087, =S.=1088,
-=S.=1098, =S.=1100, =S.=1101, =S.=1105, =S.=1106, =S.=1107, =S.=1108,
-=S.=1110, =S.=1112, =S.=1113, =S.=1114.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                           ARMY OF THE JAMES.
-
-Bermuda Hundred Landing--distant view, taken from City Point, =S.=2451.
-
-Signal tower on left of Bermuda Hundred lines, near Appomattox River,
-=L.=7006, =S.=1015, =S.=2500, =S.=2501, =S.=2502.
-
-Army bridge across James River, near Varina Landing, =L.=7174, =S.=953,
-=S.=954.
-
-Varina Landing, James River, =S.=10, =S.=957.
-
-Aiken's house, near Varina Landing, James River, =S.=2464.
-
-Signal station on James River, =S.=2503.
-
-Transports and monitors in James River, near Deep Bottom, =S.=2466.
-
-Dutch Gap Canal, =L.=7482, =S.=955, =S.=956, =S.=1121, =S.=1122.
-
-Federal obstructions in Trent's Reach, James River, =S.=2475.
-
-Confederate gunboat sunk in James River, above Dutch Gap Canal,
-=S.=1124.
-
-Views on James River between Dutch Gap Canal and Drewry's Bluff, =S.=22,
-=S.=23, =S.=1128, =S.=1133.
-
-Confederate obstructions in James River, near Drewry's Bluff, =S.=1116,
-=S.=1117, =S.=3350, =S.=3351.
-
-=Fort Darling (confederate), Drewry's Bluff, James River:=
-
---exterior views, =S.=1118, =S.=1119, =S.=1123, =S.=1126, =S.=3347.
-
---interior views, =S.=55, =S.=56, =S.=1138, =S.=3344, =S.=3345,
-=S.=3346, =S.=3352, =S.=3353.
-
-Confederate water battery, Fort Darling, Drewry's Bluff, James River,
-=S.=1120, =S.=3348, =S.=3349.
-
-=Confederate battery at Howlett House, Trent's Reach, James River:=
-
---general views, =S.=13, =S.=14.
-
---traverse and gun, =S.=15, =S.=17, =S.=18, =S.=19, =S.=20, =S.=21.
-
-Confederate battery on James River, above Dutch Gap, =S.=24, =S.=25,
-=S.=26, =S.=27, =S.=28, =S.=32, =S.=34, =S.=36, =S.=38, =S.=39, =S.=41,
-=S.=42, =S.=43, =S.=44, =S.=45, =S.=46, =S.=47, =S.=48, =S.=49, =S.=50,
-=S.=51, =S.=52, =S.=53, =S.=54, =S.=58.
-
-Fort Brady, interior view, =S.=2316.
-
-Fort Brady, building winter quarters, =S.=2315.
-
-Fortifications on the lines to the right of Fort Brady, =S.=2314.
-
-Fort Burnham, previously confederate Fort Harrison, =S.=2498.
-
-Headquarters Tenth Army Corps, General Alfred Terry, =S.=2443.
-
-Headquarters Second Division, Tenth Corps, General Birney, =S.=2446.
-
-Headquarters Eighteenth Corps, General Godfrey Weitzel, =S.=2445.
-
-Headquarters of General Adelbert Ames, =S.=2347.
-
-General R. =S.= Foster's Headquarters, near Fort Brady, =S.=2317.
-
-Camp of Fifth Pennsylvania Cavalry, =S.=2497.
-
-Interior of Surgeon McKay's quarters, =S.=1024.
-
-Surgeon McKay and others, Army of the James, =L.=7442.
-
-Surgeons of Tenth Army Corps, =L.=7194.
-
-Contrabands on Aiken's farm, =S.=2497.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                         CITY OF RICHMOND, VA.
-
-                            IN APRIL, 1865.
-
-General views of the city, =L.=7026, =L.=7110, =L.=7159, =L.=7623,
-=S.=875, =S.=3621, =S.=3622.
-
-Panoramic view of the city, =S.=881, =S.=882, =S.=3619, =S.=3620.
-
-Views in the "burnt district," =S.=856, =S.=857, =S.=858, =S.=864,
-=S.=872, =S.=900, =S.=901, =S.=902, =S.=903, =S.=904, =S.=905, =S.=906,
-=S.=942, =S.=943, =S.=944, =S.=945, =S.=946, =S.=3355, =S.=3356.
-
-Ruins of Mayo's bridge, =L.=7574, =S.=874, =S.=1181.
-
-Ruins of Richmond & Danville Railroad bridge, =L.=7646, =S.=853,
-=S.=869.
-
-Ruins of Richmond & Petersburg Railroad bridge, =S.=846, =S.=870,
-=S.=885, =S.=3361.
-
-Ruins of paper mill, =S.=867.
-
-Ruins of arsenal, =L.=7561, =S.=848, =S.=861, =S.=863, =S.=879, =S.=887,
-=S.=888, =S.=889, =S.=907.
-
-Ruins of State armory, =L.=7030, =S.=865.
-
-Ruins of State armory, and view down James River, =L.=7111, =L.=7236,
-=S.=883, =S.=884.
-
-Ruins of Gallego flour-mills, =L.=7031, =L.=7176, =L.=7177, =S.=854,
-=S.=886, =S.=908, =S.=939.
-
-Haxall & Crenshaw flour-mills, =S.=852, =S.=880.
-
-Ruins of Exchange Bank, =S.=3357.
-
-Ruins of Southern Express office, =S.=3354.
-
-Tredegar iron-works, =L.=7542, =S.=847, =S.=862, =S.=3358.
-
-Views on canal basin, =L.=7033, =S.=940, =S.=947.
-
-Views on the canal, =L.=7617, =S.=941, =S.=868, =S.=940.
-
-Libby Prison, =L.=7557, =S.=873, =S.=895, =S.=3364, =S.=3365.
-
-Kerr's tobacco factory, storehouse for federal supplies for prisoners,
-=S.=894.
-
-Castle Thunder, =L.=7616, =S.=859, =S.=897, =S.=3362, =S.=3363,
-=S.=3617.
-
-Views on Belle Isle, =S.=871, =S.=876, =S.=891.
-
-Pontoon bridge across James River, =S.=1011, =S.=3372, =S.=3373.
-
-View of James River from Hollywood Cemetery, =S.=929.
-
-Views of James River during freshet, =S.=877, =S.=878.
-
-State capitol, =S.=3359, =S.=3360.
-
-Governor's mansion, =S.=3378.
-
-General Washington's headquarters, =S.=935.
-
-Residence of Jefferson Davis, President of Confederate States, =S.=911,
-=S.=3376.
-
-Residence of Alexander H. Stephens, Vice-President of Confederate
-States, =S.=912.
-
-Residence of General Robert E. Lee, =L.=7087, =S.=925, =S.=3375.
-
-Washington Monument, =L.=7028, =S.=855, =S.=919.
-
-Henry Clay Monument, =S.=3383.
-
-Monumental Church, =S.=928, =S.=3369.
-
-First African Church, =S.=3368.
-
-Saint Paul's Church, =S.=937.
-
-Saint John's Church, =S.=3366, =S.=3367.
-
-Ballard House, =S.=921.
-
-Spotswood House, =S.=938.
-
-City Hall, =S.=850, =S.=923.
-
-City almshouse, =S.=860.
-
-Street views, =S.=866, =S.=926, =S.=927, =S.=936.
-
-=Hollywood Cemetery:=
-
---graves of confederate soldiers, =S.=931, =S.=1020.
-
---tomb of President Monroe, =L.=7372, =S.=910, =S.=3379.
-
---grave of General J. E. B. Stuart, =S.=3618.
-
-Wagon-train of military telegraph corps, June, 1865, =L.=7183, =L.=7239.
-
-Operators of military telegraph, June, 1865, =L.=7481.
-
-New York newspaper correspondents' row, =S.=3370.
-
-Headquarters of Christian Commission, =S.=3371.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                         ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE.
-
-Chickasaw Bayou, Mississippi, =S.=394.
-
-Battlefield of Chickasaw Bluffs, Mississippi, =S.=395.
-
-Poison spring on battlefield of Chickasaw Bluffs, Mississippi, =S.=396,
-=S.=922.
-
-Big Black River Station, Mississippi, =S.=392.
-
-Battlefield of Big Black River, Mississippi, =S.=1056.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                         PORT ROYAL EXPEDITION.
-
-Fort Beauregard, Bay Point, Saint Helena Island, S. C., November, 1861,
-=S.=203, =S.=204, =S.=205.
-
-Fort Wallace (or Walker), Hilton Head, S. C., November, 1861, =S.=207.
-
-Siege train, Hilton Head, S. C., November, 1861, =S.=166.
-
-Graves of sailors at Hilton Head, killed during bombardment of forts,
-=S.=187.
-
-Coosaw Ferry, Port Royal Island, S. C., =S.=183, =S.=201.
-
-Mock battery at Seabrook Point, Port Royal Island, S. C., built by
-Seventy-ninth New York infantry, =S.=161.
-
-Natural arch at Seabrook Point, Port Royal, S. C., =S.=202.
-
-Building pontoon bridge near Beaufort, S. C., March, 1862, =S.=157.
-
-Officers' mess, at Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862, =S.=208.
-
-Fiftieth Pennsylvania Infantry, Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862,
-=S.=156.
-
-General I. I. Stevens, Beaufort, S. C., March, 1862, =S.=1183, =S.=164.
-
-General I. I. Stevens and staff; Beaufort, S. C., March, 1862, =S.=163.
-
-Signal station at Beaufort, S. C., formerly residence of J. G. Barnwell,
-February, 1862, =S.=172.
-
-Fuller's house, Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862, =S.=162, =S.=168.
-
-Rhett's house, Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862, =S.=155.
-
-Boat landing, Beaufort, S. C., February, 1862, =S.=171.
-
-Old tomb on Rhett's plantation, Port Royal Island, S. C., =S.=158.
-
-Smith's plantation, Port Royal Island, S. C., =S.=151, =S.=152, =S.=154.
-
-Preparing cotton for the gin, =S.=159.
-
-Mill's plantation, Port Royal Island, S. C., =S.=169, =S.=211, =S.=1177.
-
-Dock at Hilton Head, built by soldiers, April, 1862, =S.=170.
-
-Headquarters of General Hunter at Hilton Head, April, 1862, =S.=209.
-
-Army bakery, Hilton Head, April, 1862, =S.=210.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                         SIEGE OF FORT PULASKI.
-
-Exterior view of front after bombardment, April, 1862, =S.=188.
-
-Exterior view of rear, April, 1862, =S.=189.
-
-Exterior view of side, April, 1862, =S.=193.
-
-Distant view of breach, April, 1862, =S.=190.
-
-Close view of breach, April, 1862, =S.=192.
-
-Interior view of breach, April, 1862, =S.=191.
-
-Interior view of rear parapet, April, 1862, =S.=194.
-
-Interior view of front parapet, April, 1862, =S.=198.
-
-A dismounted mortar, April, 1862, =S.=199.
-
-The "Jeff Davis" gun, April, 1862, =S.=196.
-
-The "Beauregard" gun, April, 1862, =S.=197.
-
-Interior view of parapet with guns "Jeff Davis," "Beauregard," and
-"Stephens" in position, April, 1862, =S.=200.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                        FORT FISHER EXPEDITION.
-
-Fleet of Fort Fisher Expedition In Hampton Roads, December, 1864,
-=L.=7432, =S.=836.
-
-Admiral Porter's flagship Malvern, Norfolk, Va., December, 1864,
-=L.=7147.
-
-Admiral Porter and staff on board flagship Malvern, Norfolk, Va.,
-December, 1864, =L.=7227, =L.=7244, =L.=7541.
-
-=Fort Fisher:=
-
---panoramic view of land face (part 1), =L.=7297, (part 2) =L.=7480,
-=L.=7168, (part 3) =L.=7170, (part 4) =L.=7242.
-
---views on land face, =L.=7149, =L.=7572, =L.=7635.
-
---first six traverses on sea face, =L.=7335.
-
---sixth to eleventh traverse on sea face, =L.=7577.
-
---from tenth traverse to end on sea face, =L.=7573.
-
---interior view of first traverse, northwest end, showing entrance to
-fort, =L.=7196.
-
---interior view of first three traverses on land front, =L.=7440,
-=S.=1229.
-
---interior view of a traverse on land front, =L.=7056, =S.=1236.
-
---interior view at southeast end, showing site of main magazine,
-=L.=7057.
-
---interior view of first six traverses on sea face, =L.=7101.
-
---ten different interior views of traverses, showing guns dismounted and
-destruction caused by bombardment, =L.=7061, =L.=7195, =L.=7243,
-=S.=1230, =S.=1233, =S.=1235, =S.=1238, =S.=1239, =S.=1241, =S.=1242.
-
---interior view of "the pulpit," =L.=7535, =S.=1240.
-
---Armstrong gun, =L.=7073, =S.=1234.
-
-Battery Lamb, on sea front of Fort Fisher, =L.=7119, =L.=7622, =S.=1232.
-
-Battery Buchanan, near Fort Fisher, =S.=1231.
-
-Quartermaster and commissary office, near Fort Fisher, =L.=7209.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                          SIEGE OF CHARLESTON.
-
-=Fort Sumter:=
-
---Interior views, showing how walls were strengthened, =S.=3457,
-=S.=3458, =S.=3459, =S.=3460.
-
---interior views on parapet, =S.=3461, =S.=3466.
-
---view from parapet, =S.=3464.
-
---view from east angle of parapet, facing Morris Island, =S.=3465.
-
---interior views at time of celebrating raising United States flag
-=S.=3454, =S.=3455, =S.=3456.
-
---exterior views showing cheveaux-de-frise and wires to protect against
-assaulting parties, =S.=3462, =S.=3463.
-
-Fort Moultrie, interior views, =S.=3467, =S.=3468, =S.=3469, =S.=3470,
-=S.=3473, =S.=3476, =S.=3477.
-
-=Fort Johnson:=
-
---interior views, =S.=3484, =S.=3485, =S.=3487, =S.=3488.
-
---interior view, looking toward Fort Sumter, =S.=3475.
-
---water battery, Fort Sumter in distance, =S.=3471, =S.=3472.
-
-Fort Putnam, interior views, =S.=3474, =S.=3478, =S.=3479, =S.=3480,
-=S.=3481, =S.=3482, =S.=3483.
-
-Fort Marshall, interior view at northeast angle, =S.=3486.
-
-Wreck of blockade-runner Colt, off Sullivan's Island, =S.=3411.
-
-=City of Charleston:=
-
---view of city from top of orphan asylum, =S.=3419, =S.=3420.
-
---view of city from top of Mills House, looking up Meeting Street,
-=S.=3440.
-
---headquarters of General Hatch, =S.=3429.
-
---house on Broad Street in which federal officers were confined under
-fire, =S.=3449, =S.=3450.
-
---Roper's Hospital, =S.=3434.
-
---ruins on the battery, effects of the bombardment, =S.=3451.
-
---ruins of Northeastern Railroad depot, =S.=3452, =S.=3453.
-
---ruins of Secession Hall, where first ordinance of secession was
-passed, =S.=3447.
-
---Hibernian Hall, =S.=3439.
-
---Circular Church, =S.=3441, =S.=3442.
-
---ruins opposite Circular Church, =S.=3448.
-
---Saint Michael's Church, =S.=3437.
-
---Unitarian and German Lutheran Churches, =S.=3436.
-
---ruins of Roman Catholic Cathedral, burned in 1861, =S.=3443, =S.=3444,
-=S.=3445, =S.=3446.
-
---ruins of Dr. Gadsden's house, effects of bombardment, =S.=3438.
-
---city hall, =S.=3432.
-
---post-office, =S.=3426, =S.=3427.
-
---market house, =S.=3428.
-
---Charleston Hotel, =S.=3431.
-
---orphan asylum, =S.=3422, =S.=3423, =S.=3424, =S.=3425.
-
---offices of United States Treasury agent and quartermaster, =S.=3435.
-
---Governor Aiken's house, =S.=3433.
-
---grave of John C. Calhoun, =S.=3421.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                                 NAVY.
-
-Ruins of Norfolk navy-yard, =S.=984.
-
-Steam frigate Pensacola, off Alexandria, June, 1861, =S.=103.
-
-Deck and turret of the original "Monitor," July, 1862, =S.=486, =S.=659.
-
-Officers of the original "Monitor," July, 1862, =S.=390, =S.=487,
-=S.=492, =S.=1077.
-
-Crew of the original "Monitor," July, 1862, =S.=490, =S.=660.
-
-Iron-clad gunboat Galena, after her attack on Fort Darling, July, 1862,
-=S.=488, =S.=652.
-
-Gunboat Yankee at Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, =S.=714.
-
-Confederate blockade-runner Teaser, captured by the United States
-gunboat Maritanza, July, 1862, =L.=7414, =L.=7426.
-
-Gunboat Maritanza, as she appeared immediately after capture of
-blockade-runner Teaser, July, 1862, =S.=484.
-
-Bow gun on confederate blockade-runner Teaser, July, 1862, =S.=481.
-
-One hundred-pounder gun on confederate blockade-runner Teaser, July,
-1862, =S.=482.
-
-Dock of confederate blockade-runner Teaser, showing destruction caused
-by shell fired by United States gunboat Maritanza, July, 1862, =S.=483.
-
-Gunboat Santiago de Cuba, Hampton Roads, December, 1864, =L.=7226.
-
-School-ship Sabine, Hampton Roads, December, 1864, =L.=7415.
-
-Steamer Malvern, Admiral Porter's flagship on the Fort Fisher
-expedition, Norfolk, Va., December, 1864, =L.=7147.
-
-Admiral Porter and staff, on flagship Malvern, Hampton Roads, December,
-1864, =L.=7244, =L.=7227, =L.=7541.
-
-Gunboat Fort Donelson, Norfolk, Va., December, 1864, =L.=7416.
-
-Gunboat Fort Jackson, Norfolk, Va., December, 1864, =L.=7425.
-
-Deck and turret of monitor Kaatskill, Charleston Harbor, S. C.,
-=S.=3412.
-
-Quarter-deck of Pawnee, Charleston Harbor, S. C., =S.=3408, =S.=3410.
-
-Gunboat Mendota, James River, Va., =S.=2471.
-
-Gunboat Commodore Perry, James River, Va., =S.=2472.
-
-The monitor Canonicus, James River, Va., =S.=2468, =S.=2469, =S.=2470.
-
-Officers on deck of Philadelphia, Charleston Harbor, S. C., =S.=3414.
-
-Admiral Dahlgren and staff, on deck of Pawnee, Charleston Harbor, S. C.,
-=S.=3413.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                   PORTRAITS OF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF
-                       UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT.
-
-Abraham Lincoln, President, =S.=1312.
-
-Hannibal Hamlin, Vice-President, =S.=1429.
-
-William H. Seward, Secretary of State, =S.=1431.
-
-Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of Treasury, =S.=1747.
-
-Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, =S.=1599.
-
-Edwin S. Stanton, Secretary of War, =S.=2208.
-
-Charles A. Dana. Assistant Secretary of War, =S.=2430.
-
-Gideon Welles, Secretary of Navy, =S.=1175, =S.=1375.
-
-John P. Usher, Secretary of Interior, =S.=1708.
-
-Edward Bates, Attorney-General, =S.=1741.
-
-James Speed, Attorney-General, =S.=2080.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                   PORTRAITS OF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF
-                     CONFEDERATE STATES GOVERNMENT.
-
-Jefferson Davis, President, =S.=1453.
-
-Alexander H. Stephens, Vice-President, =S.=1430.
-
-R. M. T. Hunter, Secretary of State, =S.=1740.
-
-Stephen R. Mallory, Secretary of Navy, =S.=1743.
-
-John H. Reagan, Postmaster-General, =S.=1996.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                       GRAND REVIEW OF THE ARMY.
-
-                WASHINGTON, D. C., MAY 22 AND 23, 1865.
-
-Fourteen different views at the reviewing-stand in front of Executive
-Mansion, =L.=7694, =L.=7749, =S.=1248, =S.=1249, =S.=1250, =S.=1251,
-=S.=1252, =S.=1253, =S.=1254, =S.=1255, =S.=1256, =S.=3388, =S.=3390,
-=S.=3391.
-
-Three different views looking up Pennsylvania Avenue towards Seventeenth
-Street from opposite reviewing-stand, =S.=1277, =S.=1278, =S.=1283.
-
-Fifteen different views looking down Pennsylvania Avenue from corner of
-Fifteenth Street, =S.=1257, =S.=1258, =S.=1259, =S.=1260, =S.=1261,
-=S.=1262, =S.=1263, =S.=1264, =S.=1265, =S.=1266, =S.=1267, =S.=1268,
-=S.=1269, =S.=1270, =S.=1271.
-
-Stand for spectators at corner of Pennsylvania Avenue and Fifteenth
-Street, =S.=1276, =S.=1279.
-
-The public school children on west front of capitol, =L.=7748, =S.=1280,
-=S.=1281.
-
-Troops marching down Capitol Hill on west side of the Capitol, =S.=1282.
-
-View looking down Pennsylvania Avenue from corner of Ninth Street,
-=L.=7907.
-
-General John A. Logan and staff, and Army of Tennessee, passing in
-review, =S.=3321.
-
-General H. S. Wright and staff, and Sixth Army Corps, passing in review,
-=S.=3392.
-
-General H. W. Slocum and staff, and Army of Georgia, passing in review,
-=S.=3393, =S.=3394.
-
-General Jefferson C. Davis and staff, and Nineteenth Army Corps, passing
-in review, =S.=3395.
-
-Portion of Twentieth Army Corps passing in review, =S.=3396, =S.=3397,
-=S.=3398.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                  ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN.
-
-=Ford's Theater, place of assassination:=
-
---exterior view, =L.=7765.
-
---view of box in which President was assassinated, =S.=3403, =S.=3404.
-
---chair occupied by President at time of assassination, =S.=1939,
-=S.=3405, =S.=3406, =S.=3407.
-
-Howard's stable, place where Booth hired the horse on which he escaped,
-=L.=7766, =L.=7767.
-
-Lewis Payne, one of the conspirators, =L.=7769, =L.=7770, =L.=7771,
-=L.=7772, =L.=7773, =L.=7774, =L.=7775, =L.=7776, =L.=7777.
-
-Michael O'Laughlin, one of the conspirators, =L.=7768, =L.=7780,
-=L.=7783.
-
-Samuel Arnold, one of the conspirators, =L.=7778, =L.=7779.
-
-George A. Atzerot, one of the conspirators, =L.=7781, =L.=7782.
-
-David E. Harrold, one of the conspirators, =L.=7784, =L.=7785, =L.=7786.
-
-Edward Spangler, one of the conspirators, =L.=7787, =L.=7788.
-
-Unknown persons, arrested on suspicion, =L.=7789, =L.=7790, =L.=7791,
-=L.=7792, =L.=7793.
-
-=Execution of conspirators:=
-
---views of the scaffold before the execution, =L.=7757, =L.=7759.
-
---on the scaffold, =L.=7795.
-
---reading the warrant, =L.=7796.
-
---adjusting the ropes, =L.=7797, =L.=7799.
-
---the trap sprung, =L.=7798, =L.=7800.
-
---the graves, =L.=7760.
-
-Funeral procession of President Lincoln on Pennsylvania Avenue,
-Washington, D. C., =S.=1272, =S.=1273, =S.=1275.
-
-Funeral car of President Lincoln, =S.=1985.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                EXECUTION OF CAPTAIN WIRTZ (C. =S.= A.),
-                   THE BRUTAL KEEPER OF ANDERSONVILLE
-                              PRISON-PEN.
-
-Reading the death warrant, =L.=7752.
-
-Adjusting the rope, =L.=7753.
-
-Springing the trap, =L.=7754.
-
-Wirtz hanging, =L.=7755.
-
-Newspaper correspondents viewing the execution, =L.=7756.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                     CITY OF WASHINGTON, 1861-1865.
-
-=Office of Chief Signal Officer:=
-
---with Colonel Fisher and officers, =L.=7814, =L.=7848.
-
---with group of officers and clerks, =L.=7695.
-
-Central signal station, =L.=7683.
-
-Medical department, =L.=7811, =L.=7921.
-
-Quartermaster's office (Captain Tompkins), =L.=7840, =L.=7918, =L.=7919.
-
-Quartermaster's office (Seventh Street wharf), =L.=7876.
-
-Hospital of quartermaster's department, =L.=7812, =L.=7904.
-
-Government bakery, =L.=7859, =L.=7885.
-
-Mess-house at government stable, =L.=7674, =L.=7676.
-
-Mess-house of quartermaster's employees, =L.=7901, =L.=7902, =L.=7903.
-
-Quartermaster's warehouse, =L.=7013, =L.=7821, =L.=7831, =L.=7858,
-=L.=7870.
-
-Government horse-shoeing shop, =L.=7820.
-
-=Government repair shops:=
-
---wheelwright shop, =L.=7856, =L.=7878, =L.=7900.
-
---trimming shop, =L.=7700.
-
---paint shop, =L.=7701.
-
---carpenter shop, =L.=7836.
-
---blacksmith shop, =L.=7699, =L.=7864.
-
---ambulance shop, =L.=7834.
-
---office, =L.=7923, =L.=7925.
-
---general view, =L.=7922.
-
---street in rear, =L.=7888.
-
-General M. D. Hardin's headquarters, April, 1865, =L.=7883.
-
-General Alfred Pleasonton's headquarters, April, 1865, =L.=7838,
-=L.=7920.
-
-Old Capitol Prison, =S.=1019.
-
-Forest Hall Prison, =L.=7867.
-
-Park of artillery at arsenal, =L.=7250, =L.=7671, =S.=2283, =S.=2284,
-=S.=2285.
-
-Wiard guns at arsenal, =L.=7246, =S.=2286.
-
-Groups of clerks at War Department, =L.=7873, =L.=7899.
-
-Groups of clerks at Quartermaster-General's Office, =L.=7055, =L.=7826,
-=L.=7827, =L.=7828, =L.=7829, =L.=7855, =L.=7871, =L.=7872.
-
-Group of employees at quartermaster's depot, =L.=7891.
-
-Group of clerks at provost-marshal's office, =L.=7889.
-
-Office of Christian Commission, =L.=7718, =L.=7719, =L.=7720, =L.=7721.
-
-Long Bridge, =L.=7824.
-
-Long Bridge, after its destruction by freshet, =L.=7819.
-
-Fire at which Ellsworth's Zouaves distinguished themselves, =S.=2293.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                        DEFENCES OF WASHINGTON.
-
-Headquarters of defences of Washington, south of Potomac, August, 1865,
-=L.=7340.
-
-=Fort Corcoran=
-
---guard-house and guard, =L.=7841.
-
---rear entrance, =S.=2309
-
---loading big gun, =S.=2310
-
-Fort Lincoln, =L.=7409.
-
-Fort Lincoln, detachment manning the guns, Co. "H," 3d Massachusetts
-Artillery, =L.=7874
-
-Fort Richardson, view of interior, =S.=2311.
-
-Fort C. F. Smith, views of interior, Co's "F," "L," and "K," 2d New York
-Artillery, =L.=7672, =L.=7673, =L.=7675.
-
-=Fort Stevens:=
-
---views of interior and 3d Massachusetts Artillery, =L.=7692, =L.=7744,
-=L.=7803, =L.=7917.
-
---officers' quarters, 3d Massachusetts Artillery, =L.=7282, =L.=7696.
-
---barracks, 3d Massachusetts Artillery, =L.=7746, =L.=7897.
-
-Fort Slemmer, rear entrance, =S.=2318.
-
-=Fort Totten:=
-
---sally-port and group of 3d Massachusetts Artillery, =L.=7021.
-
---views of interior and group of 3d Massachusetts Artillery, =L.=7249,
-=L.=7253, =L.=7681, =L.=7687.
-
---officers' quarters, 3d Massachusetts Artillery, =L.=7261, =L.=7678.
-
---view of interior, =S.=2313.
-
-=Fort Whipple:=
-
---headquarters, =L.=7408.
-
---batteries in No. 2, =L.=7034.
-
---light battery, =L.=7669.
-
-Fort Woodbury, =S.=2319.
-
-Camp Barry, artillery depot, July, 1863, =L.=7010, =L.=7436.
-
-=Camp Stoneman, Griesboro, Md., cavalry depot:=
-
---general views, May, 1864, =L.=7015, =L.=7017.
-
---General Gamble, Major Sawyer, and officers, March, 1865, =L.=7808,
-=L.=7349, =L.=7835, =L.=7837.
-
---band and quarters, March, 1865, =L.=7350.
-
-Signal Corps camp, =L.=7724, =L.=7725, =L.=7727, =L.=7730, =L.=7732.
-
-Camp of Thirteenth New York Cavalry, Prospect Hill, =L.=7218, =L.=7722,
-=L.=7733, =L.=7736, =L.=7737, =L.=7739.
-
-Headquarters of General Hardin near Fort Slocum, =L.=7228, =L.=7431.
-
-Brigade headquarters near Fort Lincoln, =L.=7908, =S.=1147.
-
-Headquarters of General S. P. Heintzelman, Fort Lyon, =S.=2305.
-
-Roche's house, near Arlington House, =S.=2306.
-
-Headquarters of General Irwin McDowell, Arlington House, =S.=2307.
-
-Headquarters of General W. F. Bartlett, =L.=7020, =L.=7221, =L.=7223,
-=L.=7731.
-
-Headquarters of General A. McD. McCook, Brightwood, D. C., July, 1804,
-=L.=7205.
-
-Blair's house, Silver Springs, D. C., =S.=1012, =S.=1197.
-
-House near Fort Stevens, showing effect of shot during Early's attack on
-Washington, =S.=1018, =S.=1170.
-
-Soldiers' cemetery, near Fort Stevens, =L.=7682.
-
-Soldiers' cemetery at Soldiers' Home, =S.=1188.
-
-General A. McD. McCook and staff, Brightwood, D. C., July, 1864,
-=L.=7206, =L.=7660, =S.=1022.
-
-General C. C. Augur and staff, =L.=7118, =L.=7869, =S.=1001.
-
-Examining passes at Georgetown Ferry, =S.=290, =S.=291.
-
-Pontoon bridge between Georgetown and Analostan Island, =L.=7866.
-
-Block-house near Aqueduct Bridge, =S.=2282.
-
-Views of Georgetown, =L.=7685, =L.=7846, =L.=7894, =L.=7895.
-
-Views from Georgetown Heights, =L.=7823, =L.=7882.
-
-Aqueduct Bridge, Potomac River, =L.=7817, =S.=288, =S.=289, =S.=2308.
-
-Cabin John Bridge, Potomac River, =L.=7651.
-
-Chain Bridge, Potomac River, =L.=7655, =L.=7656, =L.=7657, =S.=2282,
-=S.=2290, =S.=2291.
-
-Foot-bridge, near Chain Bridge, =S.=2292.
-
-View on Cabin John Run, =S.=2287.
-
-Great Falls, Potomac River, =L.=7652, =L.=7653, =L.=7654.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                      HOSPITALS IN WASHINGTON AND
-                               VICINITY.
-
-Quartermasters' Hospital, =L.=7812, =L.=7904.
-
-Douglass Hospital, =L.=7816, =L.=7884.
-
-Tent Hospital in rear of Douglass Hospital, =L.=7924.
-
-Stanton Hospital, =L.=7914.
-
-=Armory Square Hospital:=
-
---chapel, showing dome of Capitol in the distance, =L.=7916.
-
---interior of Ward K, =L.=7822, =L.=7886, =L.=7887.
-
-=Harewood Hospital:=
-
---general views, =L.=7825, =S.=1014.
-
---exterior of Ward B, =S.=1209.
-
---interior of ward, =S.=1006, =S.=1007, =S.=1008.
-
---interior of mess-room, =S.=1168.
-
---officers' quarters, =L.=7663, =S.=1206.
-
---ambulance train, =S.=1146.
-
-Tent hospital at Kendall Green, =S.=1208.
-
-Ruins of Kalorama Hospital, May. 1865, =L.=7690.
-
-Surgeons at Finlay Hospital, April, 1864, =L.=7853.
-
-Surgeons at Seminary Hospital, April, 1865, =L.=7875.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                        CITY OF ALEXANDRIA, VA.
-
-Marshall House, where Colonel Ellsworth was killed, =S.=1189, =S.=2294,
-=S.=2295.
-
-Slave-pen, =L.=7264, =S.=1003, =S.=1174, =S.=2296, =S.=2297, =S.=2298,
-=S.=2299, =S.=2300.
-
-=Soldiers' Rest:=
-
---exterior views, July, 1865, =L.=7815, =S.=1039.
-
---interior of kitchen, July, 1865, =L.=7863.
-
-Lodge of Sanitary Commission, July, 1864, =S.=1203.
-
-Lodge of Sanitary Commission at convalescent camp, May, 1863, =S.=1204.
-
-Soldiers' cemetery, =L.=7256, =S.=1172.
-
-Christ Church, =S.=2301.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                  FORT MONROE AND HAMPTON, VA., 1864.
-
-=Fortress Monroe:=
-
---the sally-port, =S.=829.
-
---the parade-ground, =S.=830.
-
---the Lincoln gun, =L.=7419, =S.=833.
-
---exterior of officers' quarters in the casemates, =S.=832.
-
---interior of officers' Quarters in the casemates, =S.=835.
-
---group of officers and their families, =L.=7411.
-
---post band, =L.=7421.
-
---hygeia saloon, =L.=7420.
-
---quartermaster's office, =L.=7418, =L.=7422, =S.=838.
-
---the beach, =S.=839.
-
---light-house, =S.=837.
-
-Hampton, Va., =L.=7029, =L.=7412, =S.=841.
-
-Ruins of old church at Hampton, Va., =S.=16, =S.=459, =S.=405, =S.=466,
-=S.=467, =S.=1244.
-
-Chesapeake Hospital, Hampton, Va., =L.=7417, =L.=7427, =S.=840.
-
-Ammunition schooners in Hampton Roads, Va., =L.=7424.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                   SANITARY COMMISSION AND CHRISTIAN
-                              COMMISSION.
-
-Sanitary commissioners, =S.=1816.
-
-Central office of Sanitary Commission, Washington, D. C., =L.=7704,
-=L.=7706, =L.=7708, =S.=1198.
-
-Storehouse of Sanitary Commission, Washington, D. C., =L.=7709,
-=L.=7710.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7707.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7712.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7713.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7714.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7715.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7716.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =L.=7717.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =S.=1200.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =S.=1201.
-
-Sanitary Commission, Lodge No. --, Washington, D. C., =S.=1202.
-
-Wagon and outfit of field relief corps of Sanitary Commission, =L.=7711,
-=S.=1199.
-
-Lodge of Sanitary Commission, Alexandria, Va., =S.=1203.
-
-Office of Sanitary Commission, convalescent camp, near Alexandria, Va.,
-=S.=1204.
-
-Office of Sanitary Commission, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, =S.=737
-
-Storehouse of Sanitary Commission, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864,
-=S.=739.
-
-Cooking tents of Sanitary Commission, Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864,
-=S.=742.
-
-Nurses and officers of Sanitary Commission, Fredericksburg, Va., May,
-1864, =S.=741.
-
-Wounded soldiers of Kearney's Division at Sanitary Commission,
-Fredericksburg, Va., May, 1864, =S.=740.
-
-Office of Sanitary Commission, Gettysburg, Pa., =S.=238.
-
-Camp of Sanitary Commission at Belle Plain Landing, May, 1864, =S.=2484.
-
-Wagons of Sanitary Commission at Belle Plain Landing, May, 1864,
-=S.=2478.
-
-Headquarters of Christian Commission in the field, Germantown, Va.,
-August, 1863, =L.=7471.
-
-Office of Christian Commission, Washington, D. C., =L.=7718, =L.=7719,
-=L.=7720, =L.=7721.
-
-Camp of Christian Commission at White House Landing, Va., =S.=2487.
-
-Headquarters of Christian Commission, Richmond, Va., =S.=3371.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                             MISCELLANEOUS.
-
-Levee at Vicksburg, Miss., February, 1864, =S.=391.
-
-Brazilian steamer, =L.=7830, =S.=346, =S.=347.
-
-Dix's autograph letter, "Shoot him on the spot," =S.=3763.
-
-Tomb of Washington's mother, Fredericksburg, Va., =S.=712.
-
-Residence of John Minor Botts, =L.=7123, =L.=7124, =L.=7125, =L.=7629,
-=S.=286, =S.=287.
-
-John Minor Botts and family, =L.=7121, =L.=7122.
-
-Pateilus's house, =L.=7745.
-
-Agricultural College near Bladensburg, Md., =L.=7428.
-
-Memorial tablet to Lieut. Henry B. Hidden, =L.=7462.
-
-Captain Huff's camp at Gettysburg, =L.=7231, =L.=7232, =L.=7247.
-
-Wounded Indian soldiers, =S.=2312.
-
-Manner of removing wounded, =L.=7285, =L.=7381, =L.=7636, =S.=304,
-=S.=1078.
-
-General Rufus Ingalls and group, City Point, Va., =L.=7284, =L.=7524,
-=L.=7619.
-
-Military Telegraph Corps, Major Eckert and group, =L.=7487.
-
-Group of artillery officers, Antietam, Md., September, 1862, =S.=579.
-
-Captain Clark and Captain Jane, =S.=2356.
-
-Two officers of General A. A. Humphrey's staff, =L.=7300, =L.=7404.
-
-Officers of staff of General Pierce, =L.=7368.
-
-Officers of staff of General Gersham Mott, =L.=7257.
-
-Officers of staff of General A. McD. McCook, Brightwood, D. C., July.
-1864, =L.=7070.
-
-Officers or Signal Corps camp, near Washington, D. C., =L.=7266,
-=L.=7728, =L.=7729.
-
-General Daniel Butterfield's horse, Falmouth, Va., April, 1863,
-=L.=7558.
-
-Captain Beckwith's horse, headquarters Army of Potomac, February, 1863,
-=L.=7278.
-
-General George G. Meade's horse, =L.=7370.
-
-General U. S. Grant's horses, Cold Harbor, Va., June 14, 1864, =S.=2429.
-
-General John A. Rawlins's horse, Cold Harbor, Va., June 14, 1864,
-=S.=2431.
-
-Captain Webster's horse, headquarters Army of Potomac, March, 1864,
-=L.=7307.
-
-Lieutenant King's horse, =L.=7376.
-
-Colonel Sharpe's horse, headquarters Army of Potomac, April, 1863,
-=L.=7321, =L.=7536.
-
-Major Allen (Pinkerton), of Secret Service Department, =L.=7468.
-
-William Wilson, headquarters Army of Potomac, =L.=7127.
-
-Mr. Talfor, engineer-draughtsman at headquarters Army of Potomac,
-=L.=7435.
-
-J. Furey, Quartermaster's Department, October, 1863, =L.=7469.
-
-A. R. Ward, artist for Harper's Weekly, =L.=7164, =S.=254.
-
-Mrs. Tynan and sons, Frederick, Md., =L.=7190.
-
-Captain Huff's clerk, =L.=7488.
-
-Frank C. Tilley (or Filley), =S.=1624.
-
-Discussing probabilities of next advance, =S.=175.
-
-Departure from the old homestead, =S.=306.
-
-A camp kitchen (tasting the soup), =S.=2416.
-
-Inauguration of President Grant, =S.=1284, =S.=1285, =S.=1286.
-
-Fifteen-inch gun, =L.=7909.
-
-Big gun, =L.=7659.
-
-Wiard guns, =L.=7012, =L.=7102, =L.=7832, =L.=7857.
-
-Park of artillery, =L.=7024.
-
-Army office wagon, =L.=7860.
-
-Arrival of a negro family in the lines, =S.=657.
-
-A picnic party at Antietam, =S.=581.
-
-A cavalry orderly, =S.=619.
-
-Camp fun, =S.=694.
-
-Mule team crossing a brook, =L.=7131.
-
-An old Virginia family carriage, =S.=743.
-
-And a large quantity of views not yet identified.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                      PORTRAITS OF ARMY OFFICERS.
-
-    NOTE.-- _Groups of regimental officers are catalogued under
-    title "Regiments and Batteries." Other groups, except generals
-    and their staffs, are catalogued under campaigns during which
-    taken, or under title "Miscellaneous."_
-
-Abbott, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. I. C., =S.=1469.
-Abercrombie, Brig.-Gen. J. J., =S.=1526.
-Abert, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W S., =S.=3178.
-Adams, Lieut.-Col. A. D., 27th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1964.
-Adams, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. P., =S.=1749.
-Adams, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. (in group), =L.=7390, =L.=7490.
-Adams, Col. J. W., 67th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2092.
-Alden, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., Col. 169th, N Y., =S.=3062.
-Alexander, Col. C. N., 2d D. C. Infantry S.2155, =S.=3755.
-Alexander, Lieut.-Col. T. L., 5th U. S. Infantry, =S.=1381.
-Alexander, Capt. T., 80th N. Y. Infantry, =L.=7605.
-Allaire, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., =S.=1917.
-Allen, Col., =S.=1676.
-Allen, Lieut.-Col. D. B., 154th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1444.
-Allen, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =S.=3108.
-Allen, Major W., paymaster, =S.=3773.
-Allen, Col. W. H., 1st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1735.
-Alvord, Brig.-Gen. B., =C.=4506.
-Ames, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =S.=1390, =S.=1728.
-Ames, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. and staff, =C.=4073.
-Arnes, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =C.=4666.
-Anderson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. N. L., =S.=3004.
-Anderson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =S.=1376, =S.=1753, =S.=3780.
-Andrews, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. C., =S.=2076.
-Andrews, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. L., =S.=1470, =S.=3732.
-Antisel, Surgeon T., =S.=3789.
-Armstrong, Bvt. Brig-Gen. S. C., Col. 8th U. S., =S.=1920.
-Arnold, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =C.=4667.
-Arrowsmith, Lieut., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=2116.
-Asboth, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =C.=4591.
-Aspinwall, Lieut.-Col. L., 22d N. Y. S. M., =S.=3733.
-Astor, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. J., =S.=1807.
-Audenreid. Bvt. Lieut.-Col. J. C., aide-de-camp, =S.=3757.
-Augur, Maj.-Gen. C. C., =S.=1400.
-Augur, Maj.-Gen. C. C. and staff, =L.=7118, =L.=7869, =S.=1001.
-Averell, Brig.-Gen W. W., =S.=1655.
-Averell, Brig.-Gen. W. W. and staff, =L.=7576, =S.=635.
-Avery, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =C.=4504.
-Ayres, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. B., =S.=1682.
-Babcock, Lieut. C. B., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1586.
-Babcock, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. E., =C.=4505.
-Bache, Capt. F. M., 16th U. S. Infantry, =S.=2439.
-Bagley, Lieut.-Col. J., 69th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1856.
-Bailey, Col. B. P., 86th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1866.
-Bailey, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=3235.
-Bailey, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. M., Col. 37th Pa., =S.=1854.
-Baird, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =S.=2115.
-Baker, Col. E. D., 71st Pa. Infantry, =S.=1459.
-Baker, Lieut. J. A., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1665.
-Baker, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L. C., =C.=4965.
-Ballier, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. F., Col. 98th Pa., =S.=2027.
-Banks, Maj.-Gen. N. P., =S.=1321.
-Banks, Maj.-Gen. N. P. and staff, =C.=4527, =C.=5194.
-Banta, Lieut.-Col. W. C., 7th Ind. Infantry, =S.=1794.
-Barlow, Maj.-Gen. F. C., =S.=1955.
-Barnard, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. G., =S.=1568, =S.=1641.
-Barnes, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. K., =C.=4477.
-Barnett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=5167.
-Barney, Col. E. L., 6th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1083.
-Barnum, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. A., =S.=2051.
-Barrett, Maj. O. D., 11th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=3832.
-Barry, Bvt. Maj. R. P., l6th U. S. Infantry, =S.=3871.
-Barry, Bvt, Maj.-Gen. W. F., =S.=1951, =S.=2018.
-Barry, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. F. and staff, =S.=429.
-Barstow, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. F. (in group), =L.=7957.
-Bartholemew, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. A., =S.=2614.
-Bartlett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. G., =S.=3091.
-Bartlett, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. J., =S.=1487, =S.=1769, =S.=2125, =S.=3716.
-Bartlett, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. F., =C.=4597.
-Bartlett, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. F. and staff, =L.=7217, =L.=7221.
-Barton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. B., Col. 48th N. Y., =S.=1604.
-Bartram, Lieut.-Col. N. B., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=3749.
-Batchelder, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. N., =S.=2600.
-Baxter, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. C., Col. 72d Pa., =S.=3014.
-Baxter, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H., =S.=3041.
-Baxter, Surgeon J. H., =S.=3833.
-Bayard, Brig.-Gen. G. D., =C.=4668.
-Bayles, Surgeon G., 4th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, =S.=1379.
-Beal, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. L., =S.=3020.
-Beatty, Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4742.
-Beaumont, Col. M. H., 1st N. J. Cavalry, =S.=1943.
-Beaver, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., =C.=4715.
-Beazell, Major J. W., paymaster, =S.=1395, =S.=1412.
-Beckwith, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. G. (in group), =C.=5194.
-Bedrer, Major R. P., =S.=1947.
-Beecher, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. C., =S.=1466.
-Belknap, Lieut.-Col. J., =S.=1841.
-Belknap, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. W., =S.=2034.
-Belknap, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. W. and orderlies, =C.=4060.
-Bell, Lieut.-Col. T. S., 51st Pa. Infantry, =S.=3737.
-Bendix, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. F., =S.=3201.
-Benedict, Ass't Surg. A. C., 1st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1458.
-Benedict, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L., =S.=1709.
-Benham, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. W., =S.=2096.
-Bennett, Gen. W. T., =S.=3099.
-Bensel, Capt. W. P., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1671.
-Benton, Lieut.-Col. R. C., 1st Vt. Heavy Artillery, =S.=1355.
-Benton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. H., =C.=4544.
-Benton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. P., =S.=3775.
-Berdan, Bvt. Brig-Gen. H., =S.=3771.
-Berry, Maj.-Gen. H. G., =S.=2224.
-Berthond, Col. A. P., 31st N. J. Infantry, =S.=3738.
-Betge, Col. R. J., 68th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2132.
-Betts, Lieut.-Col. G. F., 9th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1635.
-Biddle, Brig.-Gen. C. J., =S.=3221.
-Biddle, Col. G. H., 95th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1800.
-Bidwell, Lieut.-Col., =S.=1960.
-Bingham, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. H., =S.=3006.
-Birdwell, Brig.-Gen. D. D., =S.=1723.
-Birge, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. W., =C.=5178.
-Birney, Maj.-Gen. D. B., =S.=2216.
-Birney, Maj.-Gen. D. B. and staff, =L.=7153.
-Blackman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. M., =S.=2042.
-Blair, Maj.-Gen. Frank P., =S.=1704.
-Blair, Maj.-Gen. Frank P. and staff, =L.=7054.
-Blaisdell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=3111.
-Blanchard, Lieut.-Col. C. D., quartermaster, =S.=1475.
-Bleuker, Brig.-Gen. L., =S.=1738.
-Blunt, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A, P., =S.=1813.
-Bogert, Lieut. J. W., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1588.
-Bohlen, Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=2091
-Bonneville, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. L. E., =S.=1968.
-Bostwick, Maj., 12th. N. Y. S. M., =S.=1767.
-Bostwick, Lieut. C. B., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1662.
-Bostwick, Col. H., 71st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1578.
-Boughton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=2035.
-Bourri, Col. G., 68th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1519.
-Bowen, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. James, =S.=1952.
-Bowerman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. N., =S.=2652.
-Boyd, Maj. C., 5th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1450.
-Boyle, Brig.-Gen. J. T., =S.=3078.
-Brackett, Col. A. G., 9th Ill. Cavalry, =S.=1649.
-Bradley, Capt. J., quartermaster, =S.=1573.
-Bragg, Brig.-Gen. E. S., 6th Wisc. Infantry, =S.=1367, =S.=2036.
-Brandenstien, Capt. H., 46th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1824.
-Brannon, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. M., =S.=1490.
-Breck, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., =S.=2663.
-Brewster, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. R., =L.=7579, =S.=1842.
-Brewster, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. R. and staff, =L.=7343, =L.=7580.
-Brice, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. B. W., =C.=4499.
-Briggs, Brig.-Gen. H. S., =S.=1707.
-Britt, Lieut.-Col. J. W., 57th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1548.
-Broadhead, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. F., Col. 1st Mich. Cavalry, =S.=1958.
-Brooke, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. R., =S.=3046.
-Brooks, Maj.-Gen. W. T. H., =S.=3054.
-Brown, Lieut.-Col., =S.=3772.
-Brown, Lieut.-Col. A. C., 13th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1463.
-Brown, Brig.-Gen. E. B., =S.=3228.
-Brown, Maj. F., paymaster, =S.=2169.
-Brown, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. L., Col. 145th Pa. Infantry, =S.=3107.
-Brown, Col. J. M., 100th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2603.
-Brown, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. W., =C.=4669.
-Brown. Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O., =C.=4948.
-Brownlow, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. P., 1st Tenn. Cavalry, =S.=3077.
-Brumm, Maj. G. W., 50th Pa. Infantry, =L.=7271.
-Brusie, Ass't Surg. L., 3d Ind. Cavalry, =S.=1889.
-Buchanan, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. C., =C.=4793.
-Buck, Surg. E. J., 18th Wisc. Infantry, =S.=3798.
-Buck, Lieut.-Col. S. L., 2d N. J. Infantry, =S.=1706.
-Buckingham, Brig.-Gen. C. P., =S.=2175.
-Buckland, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. P., =C.=4741.
-Buell, Col. C., 169th N. Y Infantry, =S.=3740.
-Buell, Maj.-Gen. Don Carlos, =S.=1551.
-Buford, Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=2171.
-Buford, Maj.-Gen. J. and staff, =C.=4061.
-Buford, Maj.-Gen. N. B., =S.=1547.
-Bunting, Lieut. T. B., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1663.
-Burbank, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., Col. 2d U. S. Infantry, =S.=3101.
-Burger, Capt. A. A., =S.=2237.
-Burgess, Col., =S.=3739.
-Burke, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W., =C.=5176.
-Burling, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. C., Col. 6th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3102.
-Burnett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. L., Judge Advocate, =S.=2056.
-Burnham, Col. G. S., 22d Conn. Infantry, =S.=1477, =S.=3736.
-Burns, Brig.-Gen. W. W., =S.=3098.
-Burnside, Maj.-Gen., and Brady, the Photographer, =S.=2433.
-Burnside, Maj.-Gen. A. E., =S.=1625.
-Burnside, Maj.-Gen. A. E. and staff, =L.=7186, =L.=7379, =L.=7382,
-    =S.=1049.
-Burt, Lieut.-Col. E., 3d Me. Infantry, =S.=3779.
-Bussey, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C., =C.=4643.
-Busteed, Brig.-Gen. Richard, =S.=2180.
-Butler, Lieut. E. K., 69th N. Y. S. M., =S.=2255.
-Butler, Maj.-Gen. B. F., =S.=1406, =C.=4028.
-Butler, Maj.-Gen. B. F. and staff, =C.=4208.
-Butterfield, Maj.-Gen. D., =L.=7540, =S.=1651.
-Buxton, Surg. B. F., 5th Me. Infantry, =S.=1389.
-Cadwalader, Maj.-Gen. G., =C.=4670.
-Cake, Col. H. L., 96th Pa. Infantry, =S.=1817.
-Cadwell, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. C., =S.=1457.
-Cadwell, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. C. and staff, =S.=441, =S.=580.
-Callis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. B., =C.=4740.
-Cameron, Col. J., 79th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1637.
-Campbell, Col. D., 4th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1724.
-Campbell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. L. (in group), =L.=7957.
-Campbell, Surg. J., =S.=3725.
-Campbell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., =C.=4780.
-Canby, Maj.-Gen. E. R. S., =S.=3173.
-Candy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., Col. 66th Ohio Infantry, =S.=2181.
-Capehart, Lieut.-Col. C. E., 1st W. Va. Cavalry, =S.=1623.
-Capron, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =C.=4579.
-Carleton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A., =S.=3003.
-Carlin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. P., =C.=4659.
-Carmen, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. A., Col. 13th N. J. Infantry, =S.=1386.
-Carpenter, Maj. J. W., paymaster, =S.=1720.
-Carpenter, quartermaster, =S.=1687.
-Carr, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. B., =S.=2228.
-Carrington, Brig.-Gen. H. B., =S.=3060.
-Carroll, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. S., =S.=1913, =S.=3866.
-Carroll, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. S. and staff, =L.=7651.
-Carson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., =S.=2620.
-Carter, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. P., =S.=3056.
-Carter, Lieut. L., 50th Pa. Infantry, =L.=7410.
-Cary, Col. W. H., =S.=3787.
-Casey, Maj.-Gen. Silas, =S.=1710.
-Casey, Maj.-Gen. Silas and staff, =C.=4566.
-Cass, Col. T., 9th Mass. Infantry, =S.=3774.
-Cassidy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. L., 93d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2187, =S.=3068.
-Catlin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. S., =C.=4501.
-Chamberlain, Lieut.-Col. G. E., 1st Vt. Heavy Artillery, =S.=3735.
-Chamberlain, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. L., =S.=1859.
-Chambers, Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=3052.
-Chandler, Surg. C. M., 6th Vt. Infantry, =S.=2148.
-Chapman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. H., =S.=2441.
-Chapman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. H. and staff, =S.=2442.
-Chapman, Lieut.-Col. A. B., 57th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1398.
-Charles, Col. E. C., 42d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2005.
-Chase, Adjt. D. L., 78th and 102d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1779.
-Cheeseman, Surg. T. M., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1491.
-Chetlaine, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. L., =S.=2616.
-Chickering, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. E., =S.=3092.
-Childs, Lieut.-Col. J. H., 4th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1869.
-Chipman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. P., =C.=4500.
-Christensen, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. T., =S.=3009.
-Christian, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. H., =S.=2138.
-Chrysler. Bvt. Maj.-Gen. M. H., =S.=3051.
-Church, Surg. W. H., =S.=1691.
-Churchill, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., =S.=1460.
-Chustill, Maj. W. B., =S.=1959.
-Cilley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. P., =C.=5160.
-Clark, Captain E., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1684.
-Clark, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G., =C.=4720.
-Clark, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., =C.=4645.
-Clark, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. T., =S.=1580, =S.=1880.
-Clarke, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. F., =S.=1902, =C.=5194.
-Clay, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., =S.=3000.
-Clay, Maj.-Gen. C. M., =C.=4671.
-Clayton, Brig.-Gen. P., =C.=4986.
-Clitz, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. B., Col. 10th U. S. Infantry, =S.=1521.
-Cluseret, Brig.-Gen. G. P., =S.=2219.
-Cobb, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., =C.=4739.
-Coburn, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4738.
-Cochran, Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=1326.
-Cogswell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., 2d Mass. Infantry, =S.=2029.
-Cogswell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. and staff, =C.=4068.
-Colburn, Lieut.-Col. A. V., aide-de-camp, =L.=7043.
-Cole, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. W., =S.=3076.
-Colgate, Lieut.-Col. C. G., 15th N. Y. Engineers, =S.=1923.
-Collet, Col. M. W., 1st N. J. Infantry, =S.=1353.
-Connor, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. P. E., =S.=2124.
-Connor, Brig.-Gen. Selden, =S.=1764.
-Conrad, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=2661.
-Cook, Maj.-Gen. A. McD., =S.=1744.
-Cook, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. P. St. G., =C.=4599.
-Cook, Maj. W. W., 5th N. H. Infantry, =S.=1929.
-Cooper, Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=2066.
-Cooper, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., =S.=3236.
-Copeland, Lieut.-Col., =S.=1349.
-Coppinger, Adjt. J. B., 83d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1514.
-Corbin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. C., =S.=2617.
-Corcoran, Brig.-Gen. M., =S.=2234.
-Corley, Lieut. C., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1570.
-Corse, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. M., ("Hold the Fort,") =C.=4497.
-Coster, Col. C. R., 134th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3193.
-Couch, Maj.-Gen. D. N., =S.=3768.
-Coulter, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =C.=4724.
-Covode, Col. G. H., 4th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1848.
-Cowdin, Brig.-Gen. R., =S.=2217.
-Cox, Maj.-Gen. J. D., =C.=4672.
-Cox, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. C., =C.=4713.
-Cozzens, Sergt. F., =S.=1591.
-Cradlebough, Col. J., 114th Ohio Infantry, =S.=1775.
-Crandall, Surg. W. B., 16th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2156.
-Crane, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. H., =S.=1911.
-Crane, Maj. F. W., paymaster, =S.=1895.
-Crawford, Capt. J. S., 114th Pa. Infantry, =L.=7037.
-Crawford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. J., =C.=4784.
-Crawford, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. W., =S.=2095, =S.=3718, =S.=3807.
-Creiger, Lieut.-Col. J. A., 11th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1627.
-Crittenden, Maj.-Gen. T. L., =S.=1730.
-Crocker, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., =S.=630.
-Crocker, Brig.-Gen. M. M., =C.=4646.
-Crook, Maj.-Gen. G., =C.=4498, =C.=5121.
-Cross, Col. E. E., 5th N. H. Infantry, =S.=1983.
-Cross, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O., =S.=1606.
-Croxton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. T., =C.=5096.
-Cullum, Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=1712.
-Cummings, Lieut.-Col. C., 17th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1468.
-Cummins, Lieut.-Col. F. M., 124th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1366, =S.=1621.
-Cunningham, Capt., =L.=7483.
-Cunningham, Maj., =S.=1451.
-Curtin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. J., =S.=2038.
-Curtis, Lieut.-Col., =S.=1881.
-Curtis, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. N. M., =S.=2039.
-Curtis, Maj.-Gen. S. R., =S.=2075.
-Curtis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. B., =S.=3224.
-Custer, Maj.-Gen. G. A., =S.=1613.
-Cutler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L., =S.=1892.
-Dahlgren, Col. Ulric, =C.=4642.
-Dana, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. L., =S.=3748.
-Dana, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. J., =C.=4469.
-Dana, Maj.-Gen. N. J. T., =S.=1809.
-Daniels, Maj. R. R., =S.=1523.
-Dare, Lieut.-Col., 34th Pa. Infantry, =S.=2159.
-Davies, Maj.-Gen. H. E., =S.=1654.
-Davies, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. A., =S.=2101.
-Davis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. P., =S.=3206.
-Davis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=1425.
-Davis, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Jeff G., =L.=7080, =L.=7691, =S.=1162, =S.=2021.
-Davis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. W. H., =C.=4723.
-Day, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=3793.
-Dayton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. V., =S.=1777, =S.=2065.
-Deane, Maj. C. W., =S.=1791.
-De Golyer, Maj. S., 4th Mich. Cavalry, =S.=1992.
-De Hautville, Capt. F. S. G., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=1517.
-Deitzler, Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=3233.
-De Joinville, Prince, =S.=2097.
-De Lacy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=3226.
-De Lacy, Maj. W., 37th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2253.
-Dennison, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. W., =C.=4665.
-Dent, Brig.-Gen. F. T., =C.=4493.
-Denver, Brig.-Gen. J. W., =S.=1808.
-Derrom, Col. A., 25th N. J. Infantry, =S.=3741.
-De Russy, Capt. Isaac D., 1st U. S. Infantry, =S.=1698.
-De Russy, Brig.-Gen. G. A., =S.=1612.
-De Russy, Brig.-Gen. G. A. and staff, =L.=7215.
-De Trobriand, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. P. R., =S.=2117.
-Devens, Maj.-Gen. C. and staff, =C.=4178.
-Devereaux, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. F., =S.=3066.
-Devin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. C., =S.=1872, =S.=2048.
-Dewey, Brig.-Gen. J. A., =S.=3053.
-Dexter, Surg. J. E., 40th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1888.
-Dick, Maj. M. M., 105th Pa. Infantry, =S.=1725.
-Dickinson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=1446.
-Dilger, Capt. H., Ohio Artillery, =S.=3177.
-Dimock, Maj. J. J., 82d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1393.
-Diven, Surg., =S.=2203.
-Diven, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. S., =S.=1852.
-Dix, Maj.-Gen. J. A., =S.=1546.
-Dodd, Adjt. C. O., 5th N. H. Infantry, =S.=1838.
-Dodd, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L. A. (in group), =L.=7758.
-Dodge, Brig.-Gen. C. C., =S.=1555, =S.=1566.
-Dodge, Maj.-Gen. G. M., =S.=1672.
-Dodge, Col. J. A., 75th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3869.
-Donaldson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. L., =S.=2613.
-Dore, Sergt., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1619.
-D'Orleans, Louis Phillipe (Comte de Paris), aide-de-camp, =S.=3818,
-    =S.=3820.
-D'Orleans, R. (Duc de Chartres), aide-de-camp, =S.=3818, =S.=3819.
-D'Orville, Lieut, A., 6th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2112.
-Doubleday, Maj.-Gen. Abner, =S.=1497.
-Doubleday, Col. T. D., 4th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, =S.=1874.
-Doubleday, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=3312.
-Dougherty, Surg. A. N., =S.=1891.
-Downing, Maj. P. J., 42d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2106.
-Drew, Lieut.-Col. W. O., 2d D. C. Infantry, =S.=1362.
-Drinning, Maj., =S.=1432.
-Drum, Brig.-Gen. R. C., =C.=4492.
-Ducat, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. C., =C.=5166.
-Dudley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. W., =S.=2625.
-Duffie, Brig.-Gen. A. N., =S.=1565, =S.=2154.
-Duryee, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Abram, =S.=1374.
-Dustin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D., =S.=3847.
-Dustin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. and staff, =L.=7572.
-D'Utassy, Col. F. G., 39th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1496, =S.=2184.
-Dwight, Maj. W., 2d Mass. Infantry, =S.=1811, =S.=1814.
-Dwight, Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=1694.
-Dyer, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. B., =C.=5161.
-Dyer, Capt. C. G., 2d R. I. Infantry, =S.=1686.
-Easton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L. C. (in group), =L.=7963.
-Eaton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Amos B., =S.=1915.
-Eckel, Lieut. J. S., 50th Pa. Infantry, =L.=7359.
-Eckert, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. T., =S.=2057.
-Edwards, Col. C. S., 5th Me. Infantry, =S.=1509.
-Edwards, Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4646.
-Edwards, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. O., =S.=2028.
-Ekin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., =S.=1834.
-Elder, Lieut.-Col. A. B., 10th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3868.
-Ellett, Brig.-Gen. A. W., =S.=1745.
-Elliott, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. L., =S.=3216.
-Ellis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. V. H., 124th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2093.
-Ellsworth, Col. E. E., 11th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3175.
-Ely, Maj. G. B., paymaster, =S.=1792.
-Ely, Maj. John, =S.=1714.
-Emory, Maj.-Gen. W. H., =C.=4507.
-English, Lieut.-Col. James, =S.=1350.
-Enos, Maj. A. G. 8th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=2158.
-Ent, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. H., =S.=3266.
-Eustis, Brig.-Gen. H. L., =S.=3172.
-Everett, Surg. F., =S.=3809.
-Everdell, Col. W., 23d N. Y. S. M., =S.=1404.
-Ewing, Lieut.-Col. C., 4th N. J. Infantry, =S.=1648.
-Ewing, Brig.-Gen. Thomas, =S.=2054.
-Ewing, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H., =C.=4495.
-Ewing, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T., =C.=4484.
-Fairchild, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., =S.=3202.
-Fairchild, Brig.-Gen. L., =S.=1611.
-Fairman, Col. J., 96th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2232.
-Farnham, Lieut.-Col. N. L., 11th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1628.
-Farnham, Lieut.-Col. R., 15th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1479.
-Farnsworth, Brig.-Gen. E. J., =S.=2638, =S.=3106.
-Farnsworth, Brig.-Gen. J. F., =S.=1894.
-Farnum, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. E., =S.=1385.
-Farquhar, Lieut. F. U., Engineer Corps, =S.=2114.
-Farrell, Lieut., =S.=1484.
-Faulke, Col. A. G., =S.=3867.
-Ferrell, Capt. W. G., =S.=2130.
-Ferrero, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., =S.=807, =S.=1652.
-Ferrero, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. and staff, =L.=7053, =C.=5333.
-Ferry, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. O. S., =C.=5177.
-Fessenden, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. F., =S.=3745.
-Fessenden, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. D., =S.=1914.
-Finklemeier, Maj. J. P., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=3804.
-Finley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A., =C.=4788.
-Fisher, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. F. (in group), =L.=7848.
-Fisher, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W. and staff, =L.=7058.
-Fisk, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. B., =C.=4664.
-Fisk, Lieut.-Col. F. S., 2d N. H. Infantry, =S.=3849.
-Fletcher, Maj. A. W., paymaster, =S.=1732.
-Flint, Capt. E. A., 1st Mass. Cavalry, =L.=7403.
-Floyd, Lieut.-Col. H. C., =S.=1748.
-Foote, Maj. F., =S.=1418.
-Force, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. M. F., =C.=5099.
-Ford, Maj. G. W., 50th N. Y. Engineers, =L.=7166.
-Forsyth, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. A., =C.=4508.
-Forsyth, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W., February, 1863, =S.=214.
-Foster, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., =S.=1538, =S.=1605, =S.=1796.
-Foster, Maj.-Gen. J. G., =S.=3828.
-Foster, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. S., =S.=2026, =S.=2053.
-Foster, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. S. and staff, =C.=4043, =C.=4201.
-Fowler, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. B., =S.=3801.
-Fowler, Col. Henry, =S.=1906.
-Frank, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. P., =S.=3001.
-Franklin, Maj.-Gen. W. B., =S.=3795.
-Fremont, Maj.-Gen. John C., =S.=1315.
-French, Maj.-Gen. W. H., =L.=7345, =L.=7578, =S.=1884.
-French, Maj-Gen. W. H. and staff, =L.=7501, =L.=7502.
-Frost, Surg. C. P., 15th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1447.
-Fry, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. B., =S.=1377, =S.=1508.
-Fuller, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =S.=2031.
-Fullerton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., =C.=4782.
-Gaines, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. P., =S.=1327.
-Gansevoort, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. S. and staff, =L.=7723, =L.=7726,
-    =L.=7738.
-Gardiner, Maj. C. C., 27th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1703.
-Garfield, Maj.-Gen. James A., =S.=2218.
-Garland, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. John, =S.=1329.
-Gates, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. B., =S.=1827.
-Geary, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =S.=2033.
-Geddes, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. L., =S.=3064.
-Gerhardt, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=3097.
-Getty, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. W., =S.=3783.
-Gibbon, Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=1464.
-Gibbs, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =S.=1901.
-Gibson, Maj. Thomas, 14th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1543.
-Giesy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. H., =S.=3190.
-Gilbert, Surg. R. H., =S.=1552, =S.=3720.
-Gilbert, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. S. A., =C.=5048.
-Gillmore, Maj.-Gen. Q. A., =S.=2239.
-Gilman, Lieut. J. H., 1st U. S. Artillery, =S.=1372.
-Glasgow, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. L., =C.=4648.
-Goddard, Capt. R. H. I., aide-de-camp, =S.=1498.
-Goff, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N., =S.=3035.
-Goodell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. A., =C.=5182.
-Goodrich, Maj. Edwin R., =S.=1773.
-Goodrich, Maj. C. S. (Surgeon), =S.=2229.
-Gordon, Capt. G. A., 2d U. S. Cavalry, =S.=1482.
-Gordon, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. H., =S.=1855.
-Gorman, Brig.-Gen. W. A., =S.=1713.
-Gould, Lieut.-Col. E., 5th Mich. Cavalry, =S.=1439.
-Gould, Maj. W. P., paymaster, =S.=3794.
-Gouley, Ass't Surg. J. W. S., =S.=1909.
-Gowan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=2624.
-Graham, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Charles K., =S.=1963.
-Graham, Brig.-Gen. L. P., =S.=2631, =S.=3049.
-Granger, Maj.-Gen. Gordon, =S.=1787.
-Grant, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L. A., =S.=3095, =S.=3174.
-Grant, Gen. U. S., =L.=7947, =S.=1559.
-Greble, Lieut, J. T., 2d U. S. Artillery, =C.=4655.
-Greene, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. S., =S.=1867.
-Greene, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. D., =S.=3019.
-Gregg, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. McM., =S.=1756.
-Gregg, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. McM. and staff, =C.=4067, =C.=4075.
-Gregg, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. I., =S.=3090.
-Grierson, Maj.-Gen. B. H., =S.=3073.
-Griffin, Maj.-Gen. Charles (as Captain), =S.=1373.
-Griffin, Maj.-Gen. C. and staff, =L.=7064.
-Griffin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. G., =C.=5095.
-Grover, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C., =S.=3717.
-Grover, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. I. G., =S.=1677.
-Guiney, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Patrick R., =S.=3096.
-Gurney, Lieut. W., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1585.
-Guss, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H., =C.=4703.
-Hackleman, Brig.-Gen. P. A., =C.=4674.
-Hagadorn, Maj. F. A., 79th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1700.
-Hall, Col. H. B., =S.=3760.
-Hall, Lieut.-Col. H. H., 4th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, =S.=1921.
-Hall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., =S.=2637.
-Hall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A. and staff, =L.=7229, =L.=7915.
-Hall, Capt. T. E., quartermaster, =L.=7039.
-Halleck, Maj.-Gen. H. W., =S.=3845.
-Hallowell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. N., =S.=2665.
-Halpine, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. G., =C.=4962.
-Hamblin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen J. E., =S.=1476, =S.=2150.
-Hambright, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. A., =S.=3204.
-Hamilton, Maj. A., aide-de-camp, =S.=1501.
-Hamilton, Brig.-Gen. A. J., =S.=3875.
-Hamilton, Maj.-Gen. C. S., =S.=1982.
-Hamilton, Maj.-Gen. S., =S.=2230.
-Hamlin, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C., =S.=3200.
-Hammell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., =S.=2671.
-Hammond, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4980.
-Hammond, Brig.-Gen. W. A., Surgeon General, =S.=1558.
-Hancock, Maj.-Gen. W. S., =S.=1877.
-Hardenburgh, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. B., =S.=1715.
-Hardie, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., =S.=1761.
-Hardin, Brig.-Gen. M. D., =S.=1831.
-Hardin, Brig.-Gen. M. D. and staff, =L.=7338, =L.=7429, =L.=7430.
-Harker, Brig.-Gen. C. G., =S.=3079.
-Harkins, Maj. D. H., 1st N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=3870.
-Harney, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. S., =L.=7928, =S.=1323.
-Harris, Col., =S.=1688. =C.=
-Harris, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. M., =S.=2023.
-Harrison, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Benjamin, =S.=3039.
-Harrison, Lieut.-Col. A. I., 22d Ind. Infantry, =S.=3776.
-Harrow, Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=3043.
-Hart, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. H., =L.=7139.
-Hartsuff, Maj.-Gen. G. L., =S.=1534.
-Hartsuff, Maj.-Gen. G. L. and staff, =L.=7571.
-Hartwell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A. (group), =L.=7194.
-Haskin, Brig.-Gen. J. A., =S.=3217.
-Hatch, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., =C.=4982.
-Hatch, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. P. and staff, =S.=3430.
-Hatch, Col. W. B., 4th N. J. Infantry, =S.=3746.
-Hathaway, Col. S. G., 141st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1448.
-Haupt, Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=1567.
-Hawes, Capt. Jas. D., 133d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1597.
-Hawkins, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. P., =S.=3074.
-Hawkins, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. C., =S.=1511.
-Hawley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. and staff, =L.=7843, =L.=7844.
-Haws, Lieut. G. T., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1493.
-Hayes, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=3271.
-Hayes, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. B., =S.=3002.
-Hayman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. B., =S.=3058.
-Hays, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Alex., =S.=1645, =S.=1961.
-Hays, Capt. H. B., 6th U. S. Cavalry, =S.=2067.
-Hays, Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=1727.
-Hays, Brig.-Gen. W. and staff, =L.=7833, =L.=7877.
-Hazard, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., =C.=4675.
-Hazen, Maj.-Gen. W. B., =S.=2126.
-Healey, Maj. H. G., 65th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1421.
-Heath, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. E., =S.=1361.
-Heath, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. H., =C.=4488.
-Hedrick, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., =S.=2049.
-Heintzelman, Maj.-Gen. S. P., =S.=1384.
-Heintzelman, Maj.-Gen. S. P. and staff, =L.=7839, =S.=628, =S.=2304.
-Heniner, Maj. R. H., =S.=3851.
-Henry, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. V., =S.=3220.
-Herron, Maj.-Gen. F. J., =S.=1602.
-Hewitt (or Hawks), Surg. C. N., 50th N. Y. Engineers, =L.=7101.
-Hidden, Lieut. H. B., 1st N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=2135.
-Higgins, Lieut.-Col. J., 1st Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1368.
-Hill, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. H., =S.=2046.
-Hillyer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. S., =S.=1886.
-Hinks, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. W., =S.=1542.
-Hitchcock, Maj.-Gen. E. A., =S.=2020.
-Hobart, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. C., =S.=3205.
-Hoffman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. C., =C.=5163.
-Hoffman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W., =C.=5154.
-Hoffman, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W., =L.=7288, =L.=7679.
-Holabird, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. B., =C.=4658.
-Holliday, Maj. S. V., paymaster, =S.=1793.
-Holman, Maj. O., paymaster, =S.=1948.
-Holston, Surg. J. G. F., =S.=1908.
-Holt, Lieut.-Col. W., 31st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=138.
-Hooker, Maj.-Gen. Joe, =S.=1922.
-Hooker, Maj.-Gen. Joe (on horseback), =C.=4490.
-Hooker, Maj.-Gen. Joe and staff, June, 1863, =L.=7950.
-Hopkins, Lieut.-Col. R. H., =S.=1520.
-Horn, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. W., =C.=4663.
-Hough, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4590.
-Hovey, Brig.-Gen. A. P., =S.=3084.
-Hovey, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. E., =S.=3219.
-Howard, Maj. J., paymaster, =S.=1873, =S.=3816.
-Howard, Maj.-Gen. O. O., =S.=3719, =S.=3788.
-Howe, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. P., =S.=1646.
-Howell, Brig.-Gen. J. B., =S.=2662.
-Howland, Paymaster M., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1589.
-Hoyt, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. H., =C.=5162.
-Hoyt, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. M., =C.=4722.
-Hubbard, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L. F., =S.=3110.
-Hubbard, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. H., =C.=5136.
-Hudson, Lieut.-Col. E. McK., aide-de-camp, =S.=1776.
-Huff, Capt., =L.=7361.
-Huger, Capt. J. B., =S.=1692.
-Hughston, Col. R. S., 144th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3759.
-Humphreys, Maj.-Gen. A. A., =S.=2346.
-Humphreys, Maj.-Gen. A. A. and staff, =L.=7397, =L.=7581.
-Hunt, Col., =S.=1797.
-Hunt, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. J., Chief of Artillery, =S.=1912.
-Hunt, Brig.-Gen. L. C., =S.=1541.
-Hunter, Maj.-Gen. D., =S.=1820.
-Hunter, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. M. C., =C.=4601.
-Hurlburt, Maj.-Gen. S. A., =S.=1782.
-Hurst, Maj. S. H., =S.=1438.
-Hutchinson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. S., =S.=3225.
-Hyde, Col. B. N., 3d Vt. Infantry, =S.=3770.
-Hyde, Lieut.-Col. W. B., 9th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1471.
-Ingalls, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. Rufus, =S.=1569.
-Innes, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. P., =C.=5172.
-Irwine, Surg. C. K., 72d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=279, =S.=3821.
-Jackson, Brig.-Gen. J. S., =S.=2023.
-Jackson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. N. J., =S.=1413, =S.=3797, =S.=3812.
-Jackson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. M., =S.=3728.
-Jacobs, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F., =S.=3015.
-James, Surg., =S.=3811.
-Jameson, Adjt. A. H., 32d Pa. Infantry, =S.=1837.
-Jameson, Brig.-Gen. C. D., =S.=3817.
-Janeway, Col. H., 1st N. J. Cavalry, =S.=1658.
-Jay, Capt. W., aide-de-camp, =S.=2246.
-Jehl, Maj. F., 55th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1949.
-Jenkins, Col. D. T., 146th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1763.
-Jewett, Col. A. B., 10th Vt. Infantry, =S.=2165.
-Jewett, Col. W. N. J., =S.=2164.
-Johnson, Brig.-Gen. A., =C.=4592.
-Johnson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A., =S.=1857, =S.=2254.
-Johnson, Maj. L. E., paymaster, =S.=2194.
-Johnson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen R. W., =C.=4698.
-Johnston, Lieut.-Col. J. W., 93d Pa. Infantry, =S.=2183.
-Jones, Col. C., =S.=1937.
-Jones, Surg. Henry, =S.=1910.
-Jones, Col. Owen, 1st Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1938.
-Jones, Brig.-Gen. P. H., =S.=3268.
-Jones, Maj. R., Ass't. Insp.-Gen., =S.=1730, =S.=2195.
-Jones, Maj. W. T., =S.=3850.
-Jordan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. J., =C.=4712.
-Jourdan, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=1962.
-Judah, Brig.-Gen. H. M., =S.=1601.
-Judson, Col. R. W., 142d N. Y. Infantry, =S.= 1414.
-Judson, Col. E. Z. C., =S.=1883.
-Judson, Surg. O. A., =S.=3813.
-Kane, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. L., =S.=1847.
-Karge, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=1616.
-Kautz, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. V., =C.=4575.
-Kearney, Maj.-Gen. P., =S.=2209.
-Keifer, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =C.=4487.
-Keim, Brig.-Gen. W. H., =S.=1885.
-Kelly, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. B. F., =S.=1681.
-Kelton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. C., =S.=1427.
-Keyes, Maj.-Gen. E. D., =S.=1634.
-Kiernan, Brig.-Gen. J. L., S.1553, =S.=1759.
-Kilpatrick, Col., =S.=1918.
-Kilpatrick, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=340, =S.=341, =S.=1391.
-Kilpatrick, Bvt, Maj.-Gen. J. and staff, =L.=7224, =S.=7516.
-Kimball, Lieut.-Col. E. A., 9th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3862.
-Kimball, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. N., =S.=1647.
-Kimball, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. K., =S.=2658.
-King, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. H., =S.=2609.
-King, Brig.-Gen. R., =S.=3823.
-King, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. W. S., =S.=3273.
-Kip, Maj. L., aide-de-camp, =S.=1483.
-Kirby, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. T., =C.=4472.
-Kirk, Brig.-Gen. E. N., =S.=3237.
-Knap, Bvt. Maj. J. M., Ind. Battery E, Pa. Artillery, =S.=1790.
-Knight, Lieut.-Col. F. L., 24th N. J. Infantry, =S.=1456.
-Knight, Capt. S. F., 87th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1696.
-Knipe, Brig.-Gen. J. F., =S.=1592.
-Knowles, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. O. B., =C.=4707.
-Koltes, Col. J. A., 73d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1734.
-Kopp, Capt. William, =S=.1839.
-Kron, Capt. M., 8th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3861.
-Krzyzanowski, Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=1897.
-Laflin, Maj., =S.=1932.
-Laidley, Surg. J. B., 85th Pa. Infantry, =S.=3844.
-Lambert, Capt. L. J., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=1518.
-Lander, Brig.-Gen. F. W., =S.=1314.
-Landram, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. J., =S.=3081.
-Lansing, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. S., =S.=1595.
-Larned, Capt. D. R., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=1481.
-Larrabee, Col. C. H., 5th Wisc. Infantry, =S.=2186.
-Lawton, Col. R. B., 1st R. I. Cavalry, =S.=3727.
-Leasure, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D., =C.=4714.
-Ledlie, Brig.-Gen. J. H., =S.=1770.
-Lee, Brig.-Gen. A. L., =S.=1863.
-Lefferts, Col. M., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1669.
-Le Gendre, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. W., =S.=1527.
-Leggett, Maj.-Gen. M. D., =S.=2047.
-Leggett, Maj.-Gen. M. D. and staff, =L.=7052.
-Lehmann, Col. T. F., 103d Pa. Infantry, =S.=3814.
-Lemon, Maj. Frank, =S.=2149.
-Liebenan, Adjt. J. H., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1664.
-Lincoln, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. S., =C.=5180.
-Littell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. S., =C.=4718.
-Littlejohn, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. C., =C.=4662.
-Locke, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. T., =S.=2601.
-Lockwood, Brig.-Gen. H. H., =S.=3104.
-Logan, Maj.-Gen. John A., =S.=1900.
-Long, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., =C.=5174.
-Loomis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. O., =C.=5169.
-Loomis, Lieut.-Col. H. C., 154th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3734.
-Lord, Col. N., 6th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1731.
-Lord, Col. W. B., 35th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3782.
-Love, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. M., =S.=2043.
-Lovell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. S., =S.=3234.
-Ludlow, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. C. (in group), =L.=7098, =L.=7380.
-Lyle, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. P., =S.=2018.
-Lyman, Lieut.-Col. G. H., Medical Inspector, =S.=1344.
-Lynch, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. P., =C.=4676.
-Lyon, Col. G., 8th N. Y. S. M., =S.=2107, =S.=2111.
-Lyon, Brig.-Gen. N., =C.=4677.
-Lytle, Brig.-Gen. W. H., =C.=4737.
-McAllister, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =S.=3057.
-McArthur, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=3071, =S.=3223.
-McArthur, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. W. M., =S.=2627.
-McCabe, Maj. G. F., 13th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1617.
-McCall, Brig.-Gen. G. A., =S.=1643.
-McCallum, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. C., =S.=1489, =S.=1926, =S.=3751.
-McCalmont, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. B., =S.=1356.
-McCalmont, Col. J. S., 39th Pa. Infantry, =S.=1899.
-McCandless, Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=2648.
-McCarter, Col. J. M., 93d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2137.
-McCarty, Col., =S.=1916.
-McChesney, Col. W. W., 10th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1737.
-McClellan, Maj.-Gen. G. B., =S.=1642.
-McClellan, Maj.-Gen. G. B. and staff, =S.=1640, =C.=4530, =C.=5051,
-    =C.=4400.
-McClellan, Maj.-Gen. G. B. and wife, =S.=1765.
-McClernand, Maj.-Gen. J. A., =S.=2220.
-McClure, Maj. D., paymaster, =S.=1956.
-McClure, Capt. J. W., quartermaster, =S.=1903.
-McConthe, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=1359.
-McCook, Maj.-Gen. A. McD., =L.=7204, =S.=1744.
-McCook, Maj.-Gen. A. McD. and staff, =L.=7206, =L.=7660, =S.=1022.
-McCook, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. M., =S.=2006, =S.=2086.
-McDougall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., =S.=1709.
-McDougall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. D., =S.=1340, =S.=1449, =S.=2060.
-McDougall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. D. and staff, =C.=4077.
-McDowell, Maj.-Gen. I., =S.=1030.
-McGilvery, Lieut.-Col. F., 1st Me. Light Artillery, =S.=3021.
-McGroarty, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. J., =S.=2079.
-McIntosh, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. B., =S.=2055.
-McIntosh, Maj. J. D., 7th N. J. Infantry, =S.=1950, =S.=3777.
-McIvor, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. P., =C.=5134.
-Mackay, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., =S.=2061.
-McKean, Col. J. B., 77th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2178.
-McKechnie, Lieut. R., 9th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1495.
-McKeever, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C., =S.=2660.
-McKibbin, Maj. T., =S.=3835.
-McKinstry, Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=3075.
-McLaren, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. N., =S.=3070.
-McLaughlin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. B., =S.=2052.
-McLaughlin, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. B. and staff, =L.=7180, =L.=7201.
-McLean, Brig.-Gen. N. C., =S.=2170.
-McMahon, Col. J. P., 164th N. Y. Infantry, =C.=4319.
-McMahon, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. M. T., =S.=2008.
-McMillan, Surg. T., =S.=1583.
-McMillen, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =S.=2041.
-McNeil, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=1653.
-McPherson, Maj.-Gen. J. B., =S.=2612.
-McQuade, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=3824.
-McReynolds, Col. A. T., 1st. N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1678, =S.=3806.
-Madill, Surg. W. A., 23d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1419.
-Mahler, Col. F., 75th Pa. Infantry, =S.=1789, =S.=3743.
-Mallon, Col. J. E., 42d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1622.
-Maluski, Capt. A., 58th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3778.
-Manderson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. F., =S.=3112.
-Mank, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. G., =S.=3182.
-Mann, Col. W. D., 7th Mich. Cavalry, =S.=1644.
-Manning, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. H., =S.=3008.
-Mansfield, Maj.-Gen. J. K. F., =S.=3038.
-Marcy, Brig.-Gen. R. B., =S.=3790.
-Marriner, Maj. Edward, =S.=1919.
-Marshall, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. G., =S.=2174.
-Marshall, Col. L. M., =S.=2167.
-Marshall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. R., =S.=3069.
-Marston, Brig.-Gen. G., =C.=4577.
-Martin, Surg. H. F., 123d Pa. Infantry, =S.=1392.
-Martin, Maj. W. J., paymaster, =S.=1970.
-Martindale, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. H., =S.=3767.
-Martindale, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. H. and staff, =S.=2435.
-Marvin, Capt., =S.=1575.
-Mason, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. C., =S.=1861.
-Mather, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. S., =S.=3742.
-Matheson, Col. R., 32d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3022.
-Maxwell, Lieut.-Col. W. C., 103d Pa. Infantry, =S.=1365.
-May, Maj. Isaac M., 19th Ind. Infantry, =S.=1819.
-Meade, Maj.-Gen. G. G., =S.=1467.
-Meade, Maj.-Gen. G. G. and staff, =L.=7098, =L.=7099, =L.=7330,
-    =L.=7367, =L.=7518, =L.=7957.
-Meagher, Brig.-Gen. T. F., =S.=1638.
-Meigs, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. M. C., Quartermaster-General, =S.=1333.
-Meredith, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S., =S.=2182.
-Meredith, Brig.-Gen. S. A., =C.=4679.
-Merrill, Lieut.-Col. C. B., 17th Me. Infantry, =S.=1360.
-Merritt, Maj.-Gen. Wesley, =S.=1830, =S.=1865.
-Merritt, Maj.-Gen. Wesley, and staff, =C.=4064.
-Merrow, Maj. J. M., =S.=3846.
-Miles, Col. D. S., 2d U. S. Infantry, =S.=2241.
-Miles, Maj.-Gen. N. A., S.1879, =S.=2044.
-Milhan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. J., =C.=4790.
-Miller, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. F., =C.=5155.
-Miller, Brig.-Gen. S., =C.=4736.
-Milroy, Maj.-Gen. R. H., =S.=2225.
-Minty, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. H. G., =C.=5173.
-Mintzer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. M., =S.=3229.
-Mitchell, Maj.-Gen. O. M., =S.=2207.
-Mitchell, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. G., =S.=2624.
-Mitchell, Brig.-Gen. R. B., =S.=1680.
-Mitchell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. G., =S.=2653.
-Mix, Col. S. H., 3d N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=2120.
-Mizner, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. K., =S.=2668.
-Molineux, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. L., =C.=4586.
-Moor, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=2651.
-Moore, Lieut.-Col. S., 11th N. J. Infantry, =S.=1358.
-Morehead, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. G., =S.=586.
-Morrell, Maj.-Gen. G. W., =S.=1516.
-Morrell, Maj. J. A., paymaster, =S.=3839.
-Morford, Capt. W. E., quartermaster, =S=1433, =S.=1821.
-Morgan, Brig.-Gen. C. H., =S.=2633.
-Morgan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. N., =S.=3834.
-Morgan, Maj.-Gen. E. D., =S.=3876.
-Morgan, Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=3061.
-Morgan, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. D., =S.=3203.
-Morris, Col. L. O., 7th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, =S.=2602.
-Morris, Lieut.-Col. T., 4th U. S. Infantry, =S.=3769.
-Morris, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. H., S.1596, =S.=2212.
-Morrison, Col. A. J., 3d N. J. Cavalry, =S.=1896.
-Morrison, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D., =S.=3105.
-Morrison. Sergt. J. J., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1486.
-Morrow, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. A., =S.=1505, =S.=1853.
-Morse, Maj. E. C., paymaster, =S.=2157.
-Morton, Brig.-Gen. J. St. C., =C.=5171.
-Morton, Lieut.-Col. L., =S.=1357.
-Moses. Lieut.-Col. I., 72d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1798.
-Mott. Maj.-Gen. G., =S.=2172.
-Mott, Capt. T. P., 3d N. Y. Battery, =S.=1726, =S.=2100.
-Mower, Maj.-Gen. J. A., =S.=2037.
-Mower, Maj.-Gen. J. A. and staff, =L.=4047.
-Mulford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. E., =S.=2110, =S.=3374.
-Mulick, Lieut.-Col., =S.=1840.
-Mulligan, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. A., =S.=2087.
-Mundee, Maj. C., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=1524.
-Munesly, Maj. C. H., =S.=1946.
-Murphy, Col. J. McL., 15th N. Y. Engineers, =S.=1614.
-Murphy, Col. M., 182d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1679.
-Mussey, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. D., =S.=2606.
-Myer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., =C.=4580.
-Nagle, Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=2623.
-Naglee, Brig.-Gen. H. M., =S.=2223.
-Nazer, Lieut.-Col. F., 4th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1805.
-Neill, Capt. E. M., Ass't Adjt.-Gen., =S.=1771.
-Neill, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. H., =S.=2629.
-Nelson, Maj.-Gen. W., =S.=2063.
-Newby, Maj. W., 6th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1531.
-Newton, Maj.-Gen. John, =S.=1557.
-Nichols, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. F., =S.=1397.
-Nichols, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. S., =S.=1942.
-Nichols, Maj. H. H., =S.=1618.
-Norton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. B., =L.=7200, =S.=1352.
-Nugent, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R., =S.=3856.
-Nye, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. H., =S.=2618.
-O'Burne, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. R., =S.=3269.
-O'Connell, Capt. J. D., 14th U. S. Infantry, =S.=3270.
-O'Connor. Col. E., 2d Wisc. Infantry, =S.=3863.
-O'Dowd, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=3208.
-Oglesby, Maj.-Gen. R. J., =S.=1755.
-Olcott, Maj. E., 121st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1410.
-Oliphant, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. D., =S.=3796.
-Oliver, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. M., =S.=2630.
-Olmstead, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. A., =S.=3088.
-O'Mahoney, Col. J., 40th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2104.
-Opdyke, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., =S.=1965.
-Opdyke, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. and staff, =C.=4333.
-Ord, Maj.-Gen. E. O. C., =S.=2081, =S.=2084, =S.=3384.
-Ord, Maj.-Gen. E. O. C. and staff, =C.=4206.
-Ordway, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=3080.
-Osterhaus, Maj.-Gen. P. J., =S.=1871.
-Owen, Brig.-Gen. J. T., =C.=4483.
-Owen, Lieut.-Col. S. W. (caught napping), 3d Pa. Cavalry, =S.=625.
-Packard, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4735.
-Page, Capt, H., quartermaster, =L.=7090, =L.=7274.
-Palfrey, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. W., =C.=4657.
-Palmer, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. I. N., =S.=1823.
-Palmer, Maj.-Gen. J. M., =C.=5168.
-Palmer, Capt., =S.=2198.
-Pangborn, Maj. Z. K., paymaster, =S.=1697.
-Parham, Lieut.-Col. C., 29th Pa. Infantry, =S.=1342.
-Parke, Maj.-Gen. J. G., =S.=1403.
-Parmalee, Adjt. L. C., 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, =S.=1825.
-Parsons, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L. B., =S.=2654.
-Parsons, Lieut.-Col. J. B., 10th Mass. Infantry, =S.=1341.
-Patrick, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. A., =L.=7001, =S.=1693.
-Patrick, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. M. R. and staff =L.=7075, =L.=7238, =L.=7588.
-Patten, Commissary W., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1668.
-Patterson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. N., =S.=2666.
-Patterson, Maj.-Gen. R., =C.=4711.
-Patterson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. E., =C.=4963.
-Patton, Lieut.-Col. A. G., 1st N. Y. Mounted Rifles, =S.=1750.
-Paul, Brig.-Gen. G. R., =C.=4489.
-Peard, Lieut.-Col. R., 9th Mass. Infantry, =S.=1717.
-Pearson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. L., =S.=3210.
-Pease, Ass't Surg. P. C., 6th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2205.
-Peck, Maj.-Gen. J. J., =S.=1954.
-Peck, Maj.-Gen. J. J. and staff, =S.=1907.
-Peisener, Col. E., 119th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3179.
-Pelouze, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L. H., =C.=4486.
-Pennington, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. C. M., =S.=3089.
-Pennypacker, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G., =C.=4709.
-Penrose, Brig.-Gen. W. H., =S.=2050.
-Perkins, Lieut-Col. S. H., 14th Conn. Infantry, =S.=1436.
-Perley, Col. T. F., Medical Inspector, =S.=2163.
-Perry, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., =S.=3721.
-Perry, Col. J. H., 48th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1778.
-Pettes, Col. W. H., 50th N. Y. Engineers, =S.=2145.
-Phelps, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. E., =C.=4734.
-Piatt, Brig.-Gen. A. S., =S.=3087.
-Pickett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=5179.
-Pile, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. A., =C.=4733.
-Pineo, Surg. P., Medical Inspector, =S.=3840.
-Plaisted, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. M., =S.=3722.
-Pleasants, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=2622.
-Pleasonton, Maj.-Gen. A., =L.=7317, =S.=342, =S.=2215.
-Pleasonton, Maj.-Gen. A. and staff, =L.=7069, =L.=7369, =L.=7603.
-Plummer, Brig.-Gen. J. B., =S.=3215.
-Poe, Brig.-Gen. O. M., =S.=1953.
-Pollock, Lieut. E., 9th U. S. Infantry, =S.=2200.
-Poore, Maj. Ben: Perley, 8th Mass. Volunteer Militia, =S.=1426.
-Pope, Maj.-Gen. John, =S.=2136.
-Porter, Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=3825.
-Porter, Col. B., 40th Mass. Infantry, =S.=3754.
-Porter, Maj.-Gen. Fitz John, =S.=2062.
-Porter, Maj.-Gen. Fitz John and staff, =C.=4560.
-Porter, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =C.=4490.
-Post, Col. H. A. V., 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, =S.=3731.
-Post, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. P. S., =S.=3230.
-Potter, Maj., =S.=2193.
-Potter, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. E., =S.=2656.
-Potter, Surg. H. A., 50th N. Y. Engineers, =S.=3852.
-Potter, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. H., =C.=4491.
-Potter, Maj.-Gen. R. B., =S.=1729.
-Potter, Maj.-Gen. R. B. and staff =C.=4034.
-Powell, Lieut.-Col. J. H., 9th R. I. Infantry, =S.=1343.
-Pratt, Brig.-Gen. C. E., =S.=1719.
-Pratt, Col. G., 80th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1843.
-Prendergast, Capt. R. G., 1st N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1492.
-Prentice, Maj.-Gen. B. M., =S.=2173.
-Preston, Surg. A. W., 6th Wisc. Infantry, =S.=3854.
-Preston, Col. A. W., 1st Vt. Cavalry, =S.=1751.
-Price, Col. E. L., 145th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1388.
-Price, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F., =S.=1752.
-Price, Capt. J., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1533.
-Pride, Col. G. G., aide-de-camp, =S.=2260.
-Prince, Brig.-Gen. H., =S.=2222.
-Prine, Lieut. N., 17th U. S. Infantry, =S.=2199.
-Puleston, Lieut.-Col. J. H., Military Agent of Pennsylvania, =S.=1957.
-Pulford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=3209.
-Putnam, Capt. Lee W., =S.=1705.
-Quick, Surg. L., =S.=3838.
-Quinn, Chaplain T., 1st R. I. Light Artillery, =S.=1780.
-Ramsay, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. D., =S.=1331.
-Ramsay, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =C.=4598.
-Randall, Col. F. V., 13th and 17th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1445.
-Randall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=2626.
-Randol, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. M., =S.=1660.
-Ransom, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. E. G., =S.=1581.
-Rathbon, Sergt.-Maj. R. C., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1472.
-Rawlins, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., Chief of Grant's staff, =S.=1758.
-Rawlins, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., wife and child, =S.=3616.
-Razenski, Maj. A., 31st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2123.
-Reid, Brig.-Gen. H. T., =S.=2659.
-Reno, Maj.-Gen. J. L., =C.=4680.
-Revere, Brig.-Gen. J. W., =S.=1718.
-Reynolds, Maj.-Gen. J. F., =S.=3044, =S.=3045.
-Reynolds, Maj.-Gen. J. J., =C.=4681.
-Rice, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. W., =C.=4650.
-Rice, Brig.-Gen. J. C., =S.=3025.
-Rice, Brig.-Gen. S. A., =C.=4659.
-Richardson, Maj.-Gen. I. B., =S.=815, =S.=3766.
-Richardson, Col. R. H., 26th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3724.
-Richardson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. P., =S.=1519.
-Richmond, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. L., =S.=1351, =S.=1485, =S.=1549.
-Ricketts, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. B., =S.=3714.
-Rikell, Col. J., =S.=1971.
-Runyon, Brig.-Gen. T., =S.=1887.
-Riker, Col. J. L., 62d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2129.
-Riley, Capt., =S.=2197.
-Riley, Col. E., 40th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1898.
-Ringold, Col. B., 103d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3016.
-Ripetti, Lieut.-Col. A., 39th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1544.
-Ripley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. H., =S.=3113, =S.=3114.
-Ripley, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =S.=3213.
-Roberts, Maj.-Gen. B. S., =S.=2083.
-Roberts, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. C. W., =S.=3758, =S.=3791.
-Roberts, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4721.
-Roberts, Col. T. A., 17th Me. Infantry, =S.=3761.
-Robertson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., =C.=5142.
-Robinson, Adjt. H. F., 76th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1832.
-Robinson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. L., =S.=2082.
-Robinson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. C., =S.=1465.
-Robinson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. S., =S.=1529, =S.=3756.
-Robinson, Surg. J. W., 141st and 179th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1434.
-Rodman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. J., =S.=3093.
-Rogers, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H., =C.=4082.
-Rogers, Surg. J. K., =S.=3784.
-Rogers, Lieut.-Col. L. D., 16th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1441.
-Root, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. R., =S.=3214.
-Rose, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. E., =C.=4717.
-Rosecrans, Maj.-Gen. W. S., =S.=2001.
-Ross, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., =S.=3802.
-Rougham, Surg., =S.=3855.
-Rousseau, Maj.-Gen. L. H., =S.=2025, =S.=2605.
-Rowley, Brig.-Gen. T., =S.=3792.
-Rucker, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. H., =C.=4804.
-Ruger, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. H., =S.=1673, =S.=3100.
-Ruggles, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. D. (in group), =L.=7957.
-Runkle, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. B. P., =S.=1762.
-Runyon, Maj. N. M., 11th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1984.
-Rush, Surg. D. G., 101st Pa. Infantry, =S.=2244.
-Rusk, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., =C.=4732.
-Rushing, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. F., =S.=2610.
-Russell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S., =S.=3211.
-Russell, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. A., =S.=1746.
-Rutherford, Brig.-Gen. F. S., =S.=3218.
-Ryder, Sergt. S. O., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1488.
-Ryerson, Lieut.-Col. H. O., 10th N. J. Infantry, =S.=2238.
-Sabine, Maj. J. A., =S.=1435.
-Sackett, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D. B., =S.=1387, =S.=1670.
-Sackett, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. H., =S.=1363.
-Salm Salm, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F., =S.=3785.
-Sanderson, Maj. J. M., aide-de-camp, =S.=1515.
-Sanford, Maj.-Gen. C. W., N. Y. S. M., =S.=1319.
-Sanford, Maj.-Gen. C. W. and staff, =S.=1563.
-Satterlee, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. S., =S.=1925, =S.=3864.
-Savage, Lieut.-Col. H. F., 25th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2007.
-Sawtelle, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. G., =C.=4470.
-Saxton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R., =S.=3715.
-Sayers, Surg. L. A., =S.=1532.
-Schenck, Maj.-Gen. R. C., =S.=1399, =S.=2000.
-Scheffer, Lieut.-Col., =S.=2085.
-Schimmelfennig, Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=3042.
-Schoepf, Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=3231.
-Schoff, Maj. L., =S.=1473.
-Schoffer, Capt., =S.=2196.
-Schofield, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=2655.
-Schofield, Maj.-Gen. J. M., =S.=1944.
-Schurz, Maj.-Gen. Carl, =S.=2608, =S.=3007.
-Schwartz, Capt., the sharpshooter, =S.=2423.
-Schwenk, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. K., =L.=7668.
-Scott, Bvt. Lieut.-Gen. Winfield, =S.=1313.
-Scott, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. K., =S.=2632.
-Scott, Bvt. Lieut.-Gen. Winfield and staff, =S.=3163, =C.=4552.
-Scribner, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. F., =S.=3063.
-Scully, Chaplain T., 9th Mass. Infantry, =S.=1990, =S.=2192.
-Seawell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=1474.
-Sedgwick, Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=2177.
-Sedgwick, Maj.-Gen. J. and staff, =C.=4619.
-Selfridge, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. L., =S.=1461.
-Senger, Lieut.-Col. A., 15th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, =S.=2168.
-Serrell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. A., =S.=1772.
-Sewall, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. D., =S.=3753.
-Seymour, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T., =S.=3094.
-Schackelford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., =S.=3055.
-Shafter, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. R., =S.=2604.
-Shaler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =S.=1667.
-Shanks, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. P. C., =C.=4731.
-Sharpe, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. H., =C.=4588.
-Sharpe, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=3730.
-Shaw, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =C.=4730.
-Shaw, Maj. W. M., =S.=2188.
-Shepley, Brig.-Gen. G. F., =S.=2236.
-Sheridan, Maj.-Gen. P. H., =C.=4016, =C.=4039.
-Sheridan, Maj.-Gen. P. H. and generals, =L.=4048.
-Sherley, Capt. Z. M., =S.=1574.
-Sherman, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. W., =S.=1626.
-Sherman, Lieut.-Gen. W. T., =S.=2002, =S.=2017.
-Sherman, Lieut.-Gen. W. T. and generals, =S.=1990, =L.=4057.
-Sherman, Lieut.-Gen. W. T. and staff, =L.=7963.
-Shields, Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=2069.
-Shiras, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =S.=3059.
-Shreve, Maj. J. E., 132d Pa. Infantry, =S.=1440.
-Shriver, Lieut.-Col. R. O., =S.=1346.
-Shumway, Capt. H. C., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1590.
-Sibley, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. H., =C.=4683.
-Sickel, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. G., =C.=4706.
-Sickles, Maj.-Gen. D. E., =S.=1702.
-Sickles, Maj.-Gen. D. E. and staff, =S.=1754.
-Sidell, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. H., =S.=2615.
-Sigel, Maj.-Gen. Franz, =S.=1512.
-Sigfried, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. K., =S.=2621.
-Simmons, Surg. M. E., 22d Mass. Infantry, =S.=1442.
-Simpson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. H., =S.=1993.
-Simpson, Surg. G. B. F., 62d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3805.
-Sinclair, Col. W., 35th Pa. Infantry, =S.=1540.
-Sleeper, Capt. J. H., 10th Mass. Battery, =L.=7085, =L.=7086, =L.=7583.
-Slemmer, Brig.-Gen. A. J., =S.=1536.
-Slocum, Maj.-Gen. H. W., =S.=1876.
-Slocum, Maj.-Gen. H. W. and staff, =L.=4046.
-Slough, Brig.-Gen. J. B., =S.=2226.
-Smalley, Col. H. A., 5th Vt. Infantry, =S.=3729.
-Smith, Lieut., =L.=7606.
-Smith, Maj.-Gen. A. J., =C.=4805.
-Smith, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. F., =S.=1711.
-Smith, Maj.-Gen. C. F., =S.=1783.
-Smith, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. H., =S.=3065.
-Smith, Col. G. F., 61st Pa. Infantry, =S.=1369.
-Smith, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. E., =S.=3050.
-Smith, Maj. M. W., =S.=2190.
-Smith, Brig.-Gen. T. C. H., =S.=1347.
-Smith, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. K., =S.=1870.
-Smith, Maj.-Gen. W. F., =S.=2160, =S.=2243.
-Smith, Maj.-Gen. W. F. and staff, =C.=4038.
-Smyth, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T. A., =S.=3048.
-Snider, Lieut.-Col. S. W., 4th W. Va. Cavalry, =S.=1455.
-Snodgrass, Maj., =S.=3800.
-Spaight, Capt. W. A., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1572.
-Spaulding, Maj. C. F., 15th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1396.
-Spear, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. P., =S.=3072.
-Sprague, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. B. R., =C.=5181.
-Sprague, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =S.=1934.
-Sprague, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W. and staff, =L.=4049.
-Sprague, Brig.-Gen. W., =S.=3873.
-Spofford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. P., =S.=1348.
-Stafford, Lieut.-Col. S. H., 11th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2144.
-Stager, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. Anson, =S.=1443.
-Stahel, Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=1564.
-Stanley, Maj.-Gen. D. S., =C.=4503.
-Stannard, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. G. J., =S.=3047.
-Starkweather, Brig.-Gen. J. C., =S.=1682.
-Starr, Col. S. H., 5th N. J. Infantry, =S.=2140.
-Starring, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. O., =S.=1577.
-Steadman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. A., =S.=3115.
-Stebbins, E. N., storekeeper, =S.=3822.
-Steedman, Maj.-Gen. J. B., =S.=2024.
-Steedman, Maj.-Gen. J. B. and staff, =C.=4059.
-Sterling, Lieut. C. R., =S.=1803.
-Stevens, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. F., =C.=4729.
-Stevens, Col. W. O., 72d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1506, =S.=1845.
-Stiles, Col. J. W., 83d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1499.
-Stokes, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. B., =C.=4728.
-Stone, Brig.-Gen. C. P., =S.=1380.
-Stone, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. A., =S.=2657.
-Stone, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R., =S.=3103.
-Stone, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. M., =C.=4651.
-Stoneman, Maj.-Gen. G., =S.=437, =S.=1562, =S.=3815.
-Stoneman, Maj.-Gen. G. and staff, =S.=436, =S.=438, =S.=445, =S.=696.
-Storm, Gen., =S.=1322.
-Stough, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =C.=4594.
-Stoughton, Brig.-Gen. E. H., =S.=2139.
-Stoughton, Lieut.-Col. H. R., 2d U. S. Sharpshooters, =S.=1620.
-Stoughton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. L., =C.=4727.
-Stratton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F. A., =C.=4719.
-Streight, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. D., =S.=1760.
-Strong, Maj.-Gen. G. C., S.1480, =S.=2210.
-Strong, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. E., =C.=4595.
-Strong, Brig.-Gen. W. K., =C.=4987.
-Strother, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. D. H., =S.=3723.
-Stryker, Maj. W. S., paymaster, =S.=1631.
-Stuart, Col. C. B., 50th N. Y. Engineers, =S.=1846, =S.=2143.
-Sturgis, Maj.-Gen. S. D., =S.=3842.
-Sullivan, Col. T., 24th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1810, =S.=3744.
-Sully, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =C.=4947.
-Sumner, Maj.-Gen. E. V., =S.=2227.
-Sutton, Chaplain J. F., 102d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2189.
-Swain, Col. J. B., 11th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1401, =S.=3752.
-Swayne, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W., =S.=3207.
-Sweeney, Brig.-Gen. T. W., =S.=2427.
-Sweet, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. J., =S.=1733.
-Sweitzer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. B., =S.=1721.
-Sweitzer, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. N. B., =C.=4964.
-Sykes, Maj.-Gen. G., =S.=1417.
-Talley, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. C., =S.=1539.
-Tapley, Col. R. P., 27th Me. Infantry, =S.=1422.
-Tappan, Lieut.-Col. S. F., 1st Col. Cavalry, =S.=1858.
-Taylor, Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=1828.
-Taylor, Brig.-Gen. N., =S.=1806.
-Telford, Col. W. H., 50th Pa. Infantry, =L.=7281.
-Tenner, Lieut. L., 39th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1528.
-Terry, Maj.-Gen. A. H., =C.=4578.
-Terry, Maj.-Gen. A. H. and staff, =C.=4051.
-Terry, Maj. C. L., 13th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1981.
-Tevis, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. C., =S.=1420.
-Thayer, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. M., =C.=4700.
-Thomas, Maj.-Gen. G. C., =S.=1563.
-Thomas, Maj.-Gen. Geo. H., =S.=2022, =S.=2607.
-Thomas, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L., =S.=1330.
-Thomas, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. M. T., =S.=3232.
-Thourot, Lieut.-Col. L., 55th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2147.
-Tibbitts, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. B., =S.=2667.
-Tidball, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. C., =C.=4585.
-Tilton, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. S., =S.=1785.
-Titus, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. H. B., =S.=1345.
-Todd, Capt. J. B. S., 6th U. S. Infantry, =S.=1336.
-Todd, Col. J. G., 35th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1941.
-Tompkins, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. H., =C.=4685.
-Tompkins, Col. G. W. B., 82d N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1402.
-Torbert, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. T. A., =S.=1424, =S.=1904.
-Totten, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=2664.
-Totten, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. G., =S.=1554.
-Tourtelotte, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. E., =C.=4502.
-Townsend, Gen., =S.=2213.
-Townsend, Lieut.-Col. C., 106th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1659.
-Townsend, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. D., =S.=1860, =S.=3765.
-Tracy, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. B. F., =S.=1507.
-Trowbridge, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. L. S., =S.=1394.
-Truex, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. S., =S.=3222.
-Tucker, Lieut.-Col. I. M., 2d N. J. Infantry, =S.=2131.
-Turner, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. W., =C.=4589.
-Tuthill, Ass't Surg., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1584.
-Tuttle, Brig.-Gen. J. M., =C.=4652.
-Tuttle, Col. O. L., 6th Vt. Infantry, =S.=1802.
-Tyler, Brig.-Gen. Daniel, 1629.
-Tyler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E. B., =S.=1437.
-Tyler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. O., =S.=1383.
-Tyler, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. R. O. and staff, =L.=7377, =L.=7504.
-Tyndale, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H., =C.=4704.
-Ullman, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. D., =S.=1530.
-Underwood, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. B., =S.=2045.
-Upham, Maj. C. L., 8th Conn. Infantry, =S.=1411.
-Upton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. E., =S.=1835.
-Vallee, Lieut.-Col. F., 82d Pa. Infantry, =S.=2146.
-Van Allen, Brig.-Gen. J. H., =S.=2122.
-Van Cleve, Bvt. Maj.-Gen., =C.=5170.
-Vanderbilt, Lieut. G. W., 10th U. S. Infantry, =S.=2250.
-Vandever, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W., =C.=4686.
-Van Etten, Surg. S., 56th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3831.
-Van Ness, Lieut., =S.=2251.
-Van Ness, Capt. W. W., quartermaster, =S.=1924.
-Van Steinhausen, Lieut.-Col. A., 68th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1786.
-Van Vliet, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S., =S.=2206.
-Van Wedell, Maj. C., 68th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1836.
-Varney, Bvt, Brig.-Gen. G., =S.=3802.
-Viele, Brig.-Gen. E. L., =S.=1675.
-Vincent, Col. S., 83d Pa. Infantry, =S.=3188.
-Vincent, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. M., =C.=4509.
-Virgin, Col. W. W., 23d Me. Infantry, =S.=1850.
-Von Amsberg, Col. G., 45th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=3243.
-Von Forstner, Maj. S., 3d N. J. Cavalry, =S.=1935.
-Von Gilsa. Col. L., 41st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2629.
-Von Penchelstein, Maj., 4th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1882.
-Von Schrader, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A., =C.=5165.
-Von Shack, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G., =C.=4981.
-Von Steinwehr, Brig.-Gen. A., =S.=1415, =S.=2128.
-Voris, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. C., =S.=1829.
-Wadsworth, Brig.-Gen. J. S., =S.=2064.
-Wadsworth, Brig.-Gen. J. S. and staff, =L.=7972.
-Waite, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. A., =S.=2670.
-Walcutt, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. C. C., =S.=1928.
-Walcutt, Bvt, Maj.-Gen. C. C. and staff, =L.=7002.
-Walker, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. M. B., =S.=3238.
-Wallace, Maj.-Gen. Lew, =S.=2211.
-Wallace, Brig.-Gen. W. H. L., =C.=4687.
-Ward, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. H., =C.=5183.
-Ward, Brig.-Gen. J. H. H., =S.=1593, =S.=1878.
-Ward, Lieut.-Col. W. G., 12th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1661.
-Ward, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. T., =L.=4056.
-Ward, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. T. and staff, =L.=4063.
-Warner, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. A. J., =C.=4708.
-Warner, Brig.-Gen. J. M., =S.=3086.
-Warren, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. F. H., =C.=4653, =C.=4688.
-Warren, Maj.-Gen. G. K., =S.=1757.
-Washburn, Col. C., =S.=1849.
-Washburn, Maj.-Gen. C. C., =C.=4726.
-Washburn, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. F., =C.=5156.
-Washburn, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. H. D., =C.=4725.
-Washington, Col. P. G., =S.=1739.
-Watkins, Brig.-Gen. L. D., =S.=1722.
-Watson, Maj. A. B., 8th Mich. Infantry, =S.=1931.
-Way, Lieut.-Col. W. B., 9th Mich. Cavalry, =S.=1339.
-Webb, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. S., =S.=1933.
-Webb, Maj. M. F., paymaster, =S.=2191.
-Weber, Brig.-Gen. M., =C.=4689.
-Webster, Col. F., 12th Mass. Infantry, =S.=2185.
-Webster, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. D., =S.=2611.
-Weiss, Capt. A., 41st N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2261.
-Weiss, Lieut.-Col. F., 20th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1537.
-Weitzel, Maj.-Gen. Godfrey, =S.=2030.
-Weitzel, Maj.-Gen. Godfrey and staff, =L.=4066, =L.=4079.
-Wellman, Lieut.-Col. A. J., 85th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1804.
-Wells, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. D., =S.=1364.
-Wells, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W., =S.=2635.
-Welsh, Brig.-Gen. T., =S.=3171.
-Wessells, Brig.-Gen. H. W., =C.=4494.
-West, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. G. W., =S.=3036.
-West, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R. M., =S.=2152.
-Westbrook, Lieut.-Col. C. D., 120th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1354.
-Weston, Chaplain S. H., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1674.
-Wheaton, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. F., =S.=2619.
-Wherry, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W. M., =S.=3083.
-Whipple, Maj.-Gen. A. W., =S.=2632.
-Whipple, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. D., =C.=4574.
-White, Lieut., =S.=2248.
-White, Lieut.-Col. Nelson, 1st Conn. Artillery, =S.=2214.
-White, Lieut.-Col. A. H., 5th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1338.
-White, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. C. B., =S.=3227.
-White, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J., =S.=2221.
-White, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. and staff, =L.=7562, =L.=7845.
-Whiting, Maj. C. J., 2d U. S. Cavalry, =S.=1416.
-Whittaker, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. E. W., =S.=2040.
-Whittlesey, Col. F. W., 1st Mich. Infantry, =S.=1945.
-Wickstead, Lieut. J., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1666.
-Wilcox, Col. V. M., 132d Pa. Infantry, =S.=1409.
-Wild, Brig.-Gen. E. A., =C.=5159.
-Wilder, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. T., =C.=5175.
-Wiley, Maj. W. M., paymaster, =S.=3837.
-Wilkeson, Lieut.-Col. S. H., 11th N. Y. Cavalry, =S.=1742.
-Willard, Col. G. L., 125th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1525.
-Willard, Maj. J. C., aide-de-camp, =S.=1452.
-Willcox, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. O. B. and staff, =L.=7067, =L.=7526, =L.=7527,
-    =S.=2440.
-Willett, Col. J. H., 12th N. J. Infantry, =S.=1833.
-Williams, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A. S., =S.=2179.
-Williams, Lieut.-Col. D. A., 136th Ohio Infantry, =S.=1795.
-Williams, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. M., =C.=4596.
-Williams, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. R., =S.=3067.
-Williams, Col. S. J., 19th Indiana Infantry, =S.=1478.
-Williams, Brig.-Gen. T., =S.=3191.
-Williamson, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. J. A., =C.=4654.
-Williamson, Capt. R. S., U. S. Engineers, =S.=2252.
-Willich, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. A., =C.=4669.
-Wilson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J., =S.=1966.
-Wilson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. J. G., =S.=1815, =S.=1868.
-Wilson, Maj.-Gen. J. H., =S.=2074.
-Wilson, Maj.-Gen. J. H. and staff, =C.=4181.
-Wilson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. (in group), =L.=7957.
-Wilson, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. W., =C.=1382.
-Winchester, Quartermaster L. W., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1594.
-Winslow, Maj., =S.=2257.
-Winslow, Chaplain G., 5th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1592.
-Winthrop, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. F., =S.=1927.
-Wisewall Bvt. Brig.-Gen. M. N., =S.=3747.
-Wistar, Brig.-Gen. I. J., =C.=4705.
-Wood, Col. A. M., 84th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=2133.
-Wood, Maj.-Gen. T. J., =S.=1695.
-Wood, Maj. W. H., 17th U. S. Infantry, =S.=3830.
-Woodbury, Chaplain A., 1st R. I. Infantry, =S.=1639.
-Woodbury, Col. D. A., 4th Mich. Infantry, =S.=3786.
-Woodford, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. L., =C.=5098.
-Woodruff, Col. W. L., 2d Ky. Infantry, =S.=2249.
-Woods, Bvt. Maj.-Gen C. R., =S.=2636.
-Woodward, Lieut.-Col. G. A., 31st Pa. Infantry, =S.=1405.
-Wool, Maj.-Gen. J. E., =S.=1318.
-Woolsey, Lieut. C. W., =L.=7103.
-Worth, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W. J., =S.=1316.
-Worthington, Surg. W. H., 63d Pa. Infantry, =S.=3841.
-Wright, Col. D. R., 15th Conn. Infantry, =S.=3750.
-Wright, Col. E. H., aide-de-camp, =S.=3799.
-Wright, Maj.-Gen. H. G., =S.=1781.
-Wright, Maj.-Gen. H. G. and staff, =C.=4570.
-Wyndham, Col. Percy, 1st N. J. Cavalry, =S.=1905, =S.=3762.
-Wynkoop, Col. J. E., 20th Pa. Cavalry, =S.=1818.
-Yeoman, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. B., =S.=2669.
-York, Lieut, J. S., 5th N. Y. Infantry, =S.=1699.
-Young, Lieut, J. B., 7th N. Y. S. M., =S.=1615.
-Young, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. B. M., =C.=4716.
-Zagony, Col. C., aide-de-camp, =S.=3858.
-Zook, Maj. P. J., =S.=1622.
-Zook, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. S. K., =S.=1500.
-Zulick, Bvt. Brig.-Gen. S. M., =C.=4496.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                        REGIMENTS AND BATTERIES.
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                          =Colorado Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Lieut.-Col. S. F. Tappan, =S.=1858.
-
-                         =Connecticut Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. E. W. Whittaker, =S.=2040.
-
-                     =Connecticut Heavy Artillery.=
-
-=1st.= _At Fort Richardson, Va._:
-      --Officers of regiment, =C.=4534.
-      --Interior of Fort Richardson, =C.=4547.
-      --Camp at Fort Richardson, =C.=4552.
-      _At Fort Darling, James River, Va., April, 1865_:
-      --Officers of regiment, =S.=6, =S.=11.
-      --Officers' quarters, =S.=1134, =S.=1136, =S.=1139, =S.=1141.
-      --Band, =S.=1129.
-      --Lieut.-Col. Nelson White, =S.=2214.
-
-                        =Connecticut Infantry.=
-
-=3d.= Company--, =C.=4129.
-
-=11th.= Col. G. A. Steadman, =S.=3115.
-
-=14th.= Lieut.-Col. S. H. Perkins, =S.=1436.
-
-=15th.= Col. D. R. Wright, =S.=3750.
-        Maj. C. L. Upham, =S.=1411.
-
-=20th.= Col. S. Ross, =S.=3082.
-
-=22d.= Col. G. S. Burnham, =S.=1477, =S.=3736.
-
-                    =District of Columbia Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Officers of regiment, =C.=4558.
-       Col. L. C. Baker, =C.=4965.
-
-                    =District of Columbia Infantry.=
-
-=2d.= Col. C. N. Alexander, =S.=2155, =S.=3755.
-      Lieut.-Col. W. O. Drew, =S.=1362.
-
-                          =Illinois Cavalry.=
-
-=9th.= Col. A. G. Brackett, =S.=1649.
-
-=12th.= Col. H. Davis, =S.=1425.
-
-                      =Illinois Light Artillery.=
-
-=2d.= Col. T. S. Mather, =S.=3742.
-
-                          =Illinois Infantry.=
-
-=23d.= Col. J. A. Mulligan, =S.=2087.
-
-=36th.= Officers of regiment, =C.=4331.
-
-=58th.= Col. W. P. Lynch, =C.=4676.
-
-=59th.= Col. P. S. Post, =S.=3230.
-
-=72d.= Col. F. A. Starring, =S.=1577.
-
-=105th.= Col. D. Dustin, =S.=3847.
-
-                           =Indiana Cavalry.=
-
-=3d.= Detachment at headquarters Army of Potomac, November,
-1864, =L.=7023. Ass't Surg. L. Brusie, =S.=1889.
-
-                          =Indiana Infantry.=
-
-=7th.= Col. I. G. Grover, =S.=1677.
-       Col. J. P. C. Shanks, =C.=4731.
-       Lieut.-Col. W. C. Banta, =S.=1794.
-
-=9th.= Company C., =C.=4096, =C.=4728.
-
-=18th.= Col. H. D. Washburn, =C.=4725.
-
-=19th.= Col. S. J. Williams, =S.=1478.
-        Lieut.-Col. W. W. Dudley, =S.=2625.
-        Maj. I. M. May, =S.=1819.
-
-=22d.= Lieut.-Col. A. I. Harrison, =S.=3776.
-
-=32d.= Maj. W. G. Mank, =S.=3182.
-
-=33d.= Col. John Colburn, =C.=4738.
-
-=38th.= Col. B. F. Scribner, =S.=3063.
-
-=44th.= Company H, =C.=4338.
-        Company --, =C.=4335, =C.=4342.
-        Company --, =C.=4337, =C.=4340.
-
-=51st.= Col. A. D. Streight, =S.=1760.
-
-=70th.= Col. B. Harrison, =S.=3039.
-
-=128th.= Col. Jasper Packard, =C.=4735.
-
-                            =Iowa Infantry.=
-
-=8th.= Col. J. L. Geddes, =S.=3064.
-
-=13th.= Col. J. Wilson, =S.=1966.
-
-=15th.= Col. J. M. Hedrick, =S.=2049.
-
-=19th.= Exchanged prisoners, after release from Camp Ford, Texas,
-=L.=3010, =L.=3028, =L.=3029, =L.=3030.
-
-=22d.= Col. W. M. Stone, =C.=4651.
-
-=23d.= Col. =S.= L. Glasgow, =C.=4648.
-
-=25th.= Col. G. A. Stone, =S.=2657.
-
-=29th.= Col. T. H. Benton, =C.=4644.
-
-=34th.= Col. G. W. Clark, =C.=4645.
-
-                          =Kentucky Infantry.=
-
-=2d.= Col. W. E. Woodruff, =S.=2249.
-
-=19th.= Col. W. J. Landran, =S.=3081.
-
-                            =Maine Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. C. H. Smith, =S.=3065.
-       Lieut.-Col. J. P. Cilley, =C.=5160.
-
-                   =Battalion Maine Light Artillery.=
-
-=1st.= Lieut.-Col. J. A. Hall, =S.=2637.
-       Lieut.-Col. F. McGilvery, =S.=3021.
-
-                           =Maine Infantry.=
-
-=2d.= Camp Jamison, near Washington, D. C., =C.=4547, =C.=4548,
-        =C.=4130.
-      Col. C. W. Roberts, =S.=3758, =S.=3791.
-      Col. G. Varney, =S.=3802.
-
-=3d.= Lieut.-Col. E. Burt, =S.=3779.
-
-=5th.= Col. C. S. Edwards, =S.=1509.
-       Surg. B. F. Buxton, =S.=1389.
-
-=7th.= Col. E. C. Mason, =S.=1861.
-
-=8th.= Col. W. M. McArthur, =S.=2627.
-
-=10th.= Group of officers, Cedar Mountain, Va., August, 1862, =S.=509.
-
-=11th.= Col. H. M. Plaisted, =S.=3722.
-
-=12th.= Col. W. K. Kimball, =S.=2658.
-
-=17th.= Col. T. A. Roberts, =S.=3761.
-        Col. G. W. West, =S.=3036.
-        Lieut.-Col. C. B. Merrill, =S.=1360.
-
-=19th.= Col. F. E. Heath, =S.=1361.
-
-=23d.= Col. W. W. Virgin, =S.=1853.
-
-=27th.= Col. R. P. Tapley, =S.=1422.
-
-=29th.= Col. G. H. Nye, =S.=2618.
-
-=30th.= Col. T. H. Hubbard, =C.=5136.
-        Lieut.-Col. G. W. Randall, =S.=2626.
-
-                          =Maryland Cavalry.=
-
-=3d.= Col. C. C. Tevis, =S.=1420.
-
-                          =Maryland Infantry.=
-
-=4th.= Col. R. N. Bowerman, =S.=2652.
-
-=6th.= Col. J. W. Horn, =C.=4663.
-
-=7th.= Col. Charles E. Phelps, =C.=4734.
-
-=8th.= Col. A. W. Dennison.
-
-                        =Massachusetts Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= _At headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864_:
-     --Officers of Companies C and D, =L.=7390, =L.=7490.
-     --Officers and non-commissioned officers of Companies C and D,
-       =L.=7354, =L.=7391.
-     --Company C, =L.=7295.
-     --Company D, =L.=7392, =L.=7476.
-     --Capt. E. A. Flint, =L.=7403.
-
-=3d.= Col. T. E. Chickering, =S.=3092.
-
-=4th.= Col. F. Washburn, =C.=5156.
-
-                       =Massachusetts Artillery.=
-
-=3d.= Officers in Fort Totten, Va., =S.=1115.
-    --Officers and men, =S.=1156, =S.=1157, =S.=1190, =S.=1227.
-    --Col. W. S. Abert, =S.=3178.
-    _Fort Totten, near Washington, D. C._:
-    --Officers of Companies A and B, =L.=7261, =L.=7678, =L.=7681.
-    --Sergeants of Company A, =L.=7253.
-    --Sergeants of Company B, =L.=7687.
-    _Fort Stevens. near Washington, D. C._:
-    --Officers of Companies F and K, =L.=7282, =L.=7696.
-    --Company F, =L.=7744, =L.=7803, =L.=7917.
-    --Company K, =L.=7692, =L.=7746, =L.=7897.
-    _Fort Lincoln, near Washington, D. C._:
-    --Company H, =L.=7874.
-
-                    =Massachusetts Heavy Artillery.=
-
-=4th.= Col. W. S. King, =S.=3273.
-
-                        =Massachusetts Battery.=
-
-=10th.= Officers, =L.=7085, =L.=7086, =L.=7089, =L.=7583.
-
-                        =Massachusetts Militia.=
-
-=8th.= Maj. Ben: Perley Poore, =S.=1426.
-
-                       =Massachusetts Infantry.=
-
-=2d.= Col. W. Cogswell, =S.=2029.
-      Maj. W. Dwight, =S.=1811, =S.=1814.
-
-=9th.= Groups of officers, =C.=4101, =C.=4102.
-       Father Scully holding mass in camp, =C.=4131.
-       Col. T. Cass, =S.=3774.
-       Col. P. R. Guiney, =S.=3096.
-       Lieut.-Col. R. Peard, =S.=1717.
-       Chaplain T. Scully, =S.=1990, =S.=2192.
-
-=10th.= Camp near Washington, D. C., =S.=2421.
-        Lieut.-Col. J. B. Parsons, =S.=1341.
-
-=11th.= Col. W. Blaisdell, =S.=3111.
-
-=12th.= Col. F. Webster, =S.=2185.
-        Surg. J. H. Baxter, =S.=3833.
-
-=15th.= Col. G. H. Ward, =C.=5183.
-        Lieut.-Col. G. C. Joslin, =C.=5190.
-        Surg. S. F. Haven, =C.=5193.
-        Lieut. J. W. Grout, =C.=5191.
-        Lieut. T. J. Spurr, =C.=5192.
-
-=19th.= Col. A. F. Devereaux, =S.=3066.
-
-=22d.= Col. H. Wilson, =C.=4593.
-       Col. W. S. Tilton, =S.=1785.
-       Surg. M. E. Simmons, =S.=1442.
-
-=24th.= Col. A. Ordway, =S.=3080.
-
-=25th.= Col. Josiah Pickett, =C.=5179.
-
-=28th.= Officers of regiment, =L.=7750.
-
-=34th.= Col. W. S. Lincoln, =C.=5180.
-        Col. G. D. Wells, =S.=1364.
-        Maj. H. W. Pratt, =C.=5185.
-
-=36th.= Lieut.-Col. A. A. Goodell, =C.=5182.
-
-=40th.= Camp near Miners' Hill, Va., =C.=4278, =C.=4357.
-        Col. G. V. Henry, =S.=3220.
-        Col. B. Porter, =S.=3754.
-
-=51st.= Col. A. B. R. Sprague, =C.=5181.
-
-=54th.= Col. E. N. Hallowell, =S.=2665.
-
-=57th.= Col. N. B. McLaughlin, =S.=2052.
-        Col. J. M. Tucker, =C.=5184.
-
-                          =Michigan Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. T. F. Broadhead, =S.=1958.
-
-=3d.= Col. J. K. Mizner, =S.=2668.
-
-=5th.= Lieut.-Col. E. Gould, =S.=1439.
-
-=7th.= Col. W. D. Mann, =S.=1644.
-
-=9th.= Lieut-Col. W. B. Way, =S.=1339.
-
-=10th.= Col. L. S. Trowbridge, =S.=1394.
-
-                          =Michigan Infantry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. I. C. Abbott, =S.=1469.
-       Col. F. W. Whittlesey, =S.=1945.
-
-=4th.= Col. D. A. Woodbury, =S.=3786.
-       Capt. S. De Golyer, =S.=1992.
-
-=5th.= Col. J. Pulford, =S.=3209.
-
-=8th.= Maj. A. B. Watson, =S.=1931.
-
-=11th.= Col. W. L. Stoughton, =C.=4727.
-
-=12th.= Headquarters, =C.=4603, =C.=4611.
-
-=15th.= Col. F. S. Hutchinson, =S.=3225.
-
-=21st.= Officers of regiment, =C.=4103.
-        Company B, =C.=4101.
-        Company D, =C.=4099.
-        Company E, =C.=4100.
-        Company --, =C.=4092.
-        Company --, =C.=4750.
-
-=24th.= Col. H. A. Morrow, =S.=1505, =S.=1853.
-
-                          =Minnesota Cavalry.=
-
-=2d.= Col. R. N. McLaren, =S.=3070.
-
-                         =Minnesota Infantry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. George N. Morgan, =S.=3834.
-       Lieut.-Col. C. P. Adams, =S.=1749.
-
-=5th.= Col. L. F. Hubbard, =S.=3110.
-
-=7th.= Col. W. R. Marshall, =S.=3069.
-
-=8th.= Col. M. T. Thomas, =S.=3232.
-
-                      =Missouri Light Artillery.=
-
-=2d.= Lieut.-Col. G. W. Schofield, =S.=2655.
-
-                          =Missouri Infantry.=
-
-=15th.= Col. J. Conrad, =S.=2661.
-
-                       =New Hampshire Infantry.=
-
-=2d.= Col. J. N. Patterson, =S.=2666.
-      Maj. F. S. Fisk, =S.=3849.
-
-=5th.= Col. E. E. Cross, =S.=1983.
-       Maj. W. W. Cook, =S.=1929.
-       Adjt. C. O. Dodd, =S.=1838.
-
-=9th.= Col. H. B. Titus, =S.=1345.
-
-=13th.= Col. A. F. Stevens, =C.=4729.
-
-                         =New Jersey Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. M. H. Beaumont, =S.=1943.
-       Col. H. Janeway, =S.=1658.
-       Col. P. Wyndham, =S.=1905, =S.=3762.
-
-=2d.= Col. J. Karge, =S.=1616.
-
-=3d.= Col. A. J. Morrison, =S.=1896.
-      Col. A. C. M. Pennington, =S.=3089.
-      Maj. S. Von Forstner, =S.=1935.
-
-                         =New Jersey Infantry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. M. W Collet, =S.=1353.
-
-=2d.= Lieut.-Col. I. M. Tucker, =S.=2131.
-      Lieut.-Col. S. L. Buck, =S.=1706.
-
-=4th.= Col. W. B. Hatch, =S.=3746.
-       Col. J. H. Simpson, =S.=1993.
-       Lieut.-Col. C. Ewing, =S.=1648.
-
-=5th.= Col. S. H. Starr, =S.=2140.
-
-=6th.= Col. G. C. Burling, =S.=3102.
-
-=7th.= Col. F. Price, =S.=1752.
-       Maj. J. D. McIntosh, =S.=1950, =S.=3777.
-
-=8th.= Col. John Ramsay, =C.=4598.
-
-=9th.= Col. A. Zabriskie, =C.=5135.
-
-=10th.= Lieut.-Col. H. O. Ryerson, =S.=2238.
-
-=11th.= Lieut.-Col. S. Moore, =S.=1358.
-
-=12th.= Col. J. H. Willett, =S.=1833.
-
-=13th.= Col. E. A. Carmen, =S.=1386.
-
-=14th.= Col. W. S. Truex, =S.=3222.
-
-=24th.= Lieut.-Col. F. L. Knight, =S.=1456.
-
-=25th.= Col. A. Derrom, =S.=3741.
-
-=28th.= Col. M. N. Wisewell, =S.=3747.
-
-=31st.= Col. A. P. Berthond, =S.=3738.
-        Lieut.-Col. W. Holt, =S.=1337.
-
-                         =New Mexico Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. Kit Carson, =S.=2620.
-
-                       =New York Mounted Rifles.=
-
-=1st.= Lieut.-Col. A. G. Patton, =S.=1750.
-
-                          =New York Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. A. T. McReynolds, =S.=1678, =S.=3806.
-       Capt. D. Harkins, =S.=3870.
-       Capt. R. G. Prendergrast, =S.=1492.
-       Lieut. H. B. Hidden, =S.=2135.
-
-=2d.= Col. A. M. Randol, =S.=1660.
-      Maj. A. N. Duffie, =S.=2154.
-
-=3d.= Col. S. H. Mix, =S.=2120.
-
-=4th.= Lieut.-Col. F. Nazer, =S.=1805.
-       Maj. A. Von Peuchelstein, =S.=1882.
-
-=5th.= Col. John Hammond, =C.=4980.
-       Col. Amos H. White, =S.=1338.
-
-=7th.= On parade, and camp near Washington, =C.=4543.
-
-=9th.= Col. G. S. Nichols, =S.=1942.
-       Lieut.-Col. H. B. Hyde, =S.=1471.
-       Lieut.-Col. W. Sackett, =S.=1363.
-
-=11th.= Col. J. B. Swain, =S.=1401, =S.=3752.
-        Lieut.-Col. S. H. Wilkeson, =S.=1742.
-
-=13th.= _Prospect Hill, Va., near Washington, D. C._:
-        --Regiment on inspection, =L.=7735.
-        --Field and staff officers, =L.=7723, =L.=7726, =L.=7738.
-        --Officers of regiment, =L.=7185, =L.=7734.
-        --Non-commissioned staff officers, =L.=7740.
-        --General view of camp, =L.=7218, =L.=7733, =L.=7737, =L.=7739.
-        --Headquarters in camp, =L.=7722.
-        --Signal station in camp, =L.=7736.
-
-=16th.= Col. N. B. Sweitzer, =C.=4964.
-
-=26th.= Lieut.-Col. F. Jacobs, =S.=3015.
-
-                    =New York Artillery Battalion.=
-
-=1st.= Battery --, near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862, =S.=443, =S.=640.
-
-                      =New York Light Artillery.=
-
-=1st.= Field and staff officers, =S.=2417.
-
-                      =New York Heavy Artillery.=
-
-=2d.= _Fort C. F. Smith, near Washington, D. C._:
-      --Officers of regiment, =L.=7906.
-      --Officers of Company F, =L.=7479.
-      --Officers of Companies K and L, =L.=7842.
-      --Company F, =L.=7283.
-      --Company K, =L.=7675.
-      --Company L, =L.=7672, =L.=7673.
-
-=4th.= Officers, =L.=7178.
-       Officers in Fort Corcoran, Va., =C.=4103.
-       Col. T. D. Doubleday, =S.=1874.
-       Col. H. H. Hall, =S.=1921.
-       Col. J.C. Tidball, =C.=4585.
-       Surg. G. Bayles, =S.=1379.
-
-=6th.= Camp at Brandy Station, Va., April, 1864, =L.=7265.
-
-=7th.= Col. L. O. Morris, =S.=2602.
-
-=9th.= Company M, previously 22d New York Battery, =L.=7818.
-
-=13th.= Camp in front of Petersburg, Va., =S.=2495, =S.=2496.
-
-=14th.= Col. E. G. Marshall, =S.=2174.
-
-=15th.= Officers of Third Battalion, =L.=7743.
-        Lieut.-Col. A. Senges, =S.=2168.
-
-                          =New York Battery.=
-
-=1st.= Cowan's Battery, in front of Petersburg, June, 1864, =S.=787,
-        =S.=2343.
-
-=3d.= Capt. T. P. Mott, =S.=1726, =S.=2100.
-
-=17th.= Officers, =L.=7559.
-        On parade, =L.=7008, =L.=7010, =L.=7620.
-
-                         =New York Engineers.=
-
-=1st.= Officers of Company E, =S.=1034.
-       Col. E. A. Serrell, =S.=1772.
-
-=15th.= Col. J. McL. Murphy, =S.=1614.
-        Lieut.-Col. C. G. Colgate, =S.=1923.
-        Officers of regiment, =C.=4477.
-
-=50th.= Col. W. H. Peters, =S.=2145.
-        Col. C. B. Stuart, =S.=1846, =S.=2143.
-        Maj. G. W. Ford, =L.=7166.
-        Surg. C. N. Hewitt, =L.=7401.
-        Surg. H. A. Potter, =S.=3852.
-        _At Rappahannock Station, March, 1864_:
-        --Field and staff officers, =L.=7600, =L.=7615.
-        --General view of camp, =L.=7275, =L.=7276, =L.=7461, =S.=138.
-        --Stockade entrance to camp, =L.=7351.
-        --Sutler's hut, =L.=7290.
-        --Quarters of field and staff officers, =L.=7293, =L.=7604,
-               =L.=7608.
-        --Quarters of line officers, =L.=7614.
-        _In front of Petersburg, Va._:
-        --Officers of regiment, =L.=7324.
-        --Officers' dinner on Fourth of July, 1864, =S.=790, =S.=791.
-        --Headquarters, =L.=7167, =S.=1028, =S.=1048.
-        --Colonel's quarters, =L.=7059, =S.=1047.
-        --Surgeon's quarters, =L.=7233.
-        --Officers' quarters, =L.=7210, =L.=7213, =S.=344, =L.=1028,
-              =S.=3338.
-        --Church, =L.=7151, =L.=7932, =S.=345, =S.=3339, =S.=3340.
-        --Commissary department, =L.=7060.
-
-                          =New York Infantry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. W. H. Allen, =S.=1735.
-       Ass't Surg. A. C. Benedict, =S.=1458.
-
-=3d.= Col. J. E. Mulford, =S.=2110.
-
-=5th.= Col. F. Winthrop, =S.=1927.
-       Maj. C. Boyd, =S.=1450.
-       Surg. S. Van Etten, =S.=3831.
-       Chaplain G. Winslow, =S.=1592.
-       Lieut. J.S. York, =S.=1699.
-
-=6th.= Col. W. Wilson, =S.=1382.
-       Maj. W. Newby, =S.=1531.
-       Ass't Surg. P. C. Pease, =S.=2205.
-       Lieut. A. D'Orville, =S.=2112.
-
-=7th.= Col. George Von Shack, =C.=4981.
-
-=8th.= Capt. M. Kron, =S.=3861.
-
-=9th.= Col. R. C. Hawkins, =S.=1511.
-       Lieut.-Col. G. F. Betts, =S.=1635.
-       Maj. E. A. Kimball, =S.=3862.
-       Lieut. R. McKechnie, =S.=1495.
-
-=10th.= Col. J. E. Bendix, =S.=3201.
-        Col. W. W. McChesney, =S.=1737.
-        Lieut.-Col. A. B. Elder, =S.=3868.
-
-=11th.= Col. E. E. Ellsworth, =S.=3175.
-        Lieut.-Col. N. L. Farnham, =S.=1628.
-        Lieut.-Col. S. H. Stafford, =S.=2144.
-        Maj. J. A. Creiger, =S.=1627.
-        Francis E. Brownell, =S.=1494.
-
-=13th.= Maj. C. L. Terry, =S.=1981.
-
-=14th.= Col. J. McQuade, =S.=3824.
-
-=16th.= Surg. W. B. Crandall, =S.=2156.
-
-=17th.= Col. H. S. Lansing, =S.=1595.
-        Maj. C. A. Johnson, =S.=2254.
-        Camp and regiment, =C.=4541.
-
-=20th.= Col. F. Salm Salm, =S.=3785.
-        Lieut.-Col. F. Weiss, =S.=1537.
-
-=23d.= Col. H. C. Hoffman, =C.=5163.
-       Surg. W. A. Madill, =S.=1419.
-
-=24th.= Col. T. Sullivan, =S.=1810, =S.=3744.
-
-=25th.= Col. C. A. Johnson, =S.=1857, =S.=2254.
-        Maj. H. F. Savage, =S.=2007.
-
-=26th.= Col. W. H. Christian, =S.=2138.
-        Lieut.-Col. R. H. Richardson, =S.=3724.
-        On parade, =C.=4529, =C.=4545.
-
-=27th.= Lieut.-Col. A. D. Adams, =S.=1964.
-        Maj. C. C. Gardiner, =S.=1703.
-
-=29th.= Col. A. Von Steinwehr, =S.=2128.
-
-=31st.= Maj. A. Razenski, =S.=2123.
-
-=32d.= Col. R. Matheson, =S.=3022.
-
-=33d.= Field and staff officers, =C.=4542.
-
-=35th.= Col. W. B. Lord, =S.=3782.
-        Maj. J. G. Todd, =S.=1941.
-        Company --, =S.=2422.
-
-=37th.= Col. S. B. Hayman, =S.=3058.
-        Capt. W. De Lacy, =S.=2253.
-
-=39th.= Col. F. G. D'Utassy, =S.=1496, =S.=2184.
-        Lieut.-Col. A. Ripetti, =S.=1544.
-        Lieut. L. Tenner, =S.=1528.
-
-=40th.= Col. E. Riley, =S.=1898.
-        Surg. J. E. Dexter, =S.=1888.
-
-=41st.= Col. L. Von Gilsa, =S.=2649.
-        Capt. A. Weiss, =S.=2261.
-        Company C, Manassas, Va., July, 1862, =L.=7517.
-
-=42d.= Col. E. C. Charles, =S.=2005.
-       Col. J. E. Mallon, =S.=1522.
-       Maj. P. J. Downing, =S.=2106.
-
-=44th.= Officers of regiment, =C.=4227.
-        Camp of regiment, near Alexandria, =C.=4069, =C.=4172,
-        =C.=4173, =C.=4192, =C.=4230, =C.=4231, =C.=4086, =C.=4186.
-        Flag of regiment, =S.=1504.
-
-=45th.= Col. G. Von Amsberg, =S.=3243.
-
-=46th.= Col. J. Gerhardt, =S.=3097.
-        Capt. H. Brandenstein, =S.=1824.
-
-=48th.= Col. W. B. Barton, =S.=1604.
-        Col. J. H. Perry, =S.=1778.
-
-=51st.= Col. C. W. Le Gendre, =S.=1527.
-
-=52d.= Col. P. Frank, =S.=3001.
-
-=55th.= Lieut.-Col. L. Thourot, =S.=2147.
-        Maj. F. Jehl, =S.=1949.
-        Officers of regiment, =C.=4550.
-        Camp at Fort Gaines, =C.=4071, =C.=4544.
-
-=57th.= Lieut.-Col. J. W. Britt, =S.=1548.
-        Lieut.-Col. A. B. Chapman, =S.=1398.
-
-=58th.= Capt. A. Maluski, =S.=3778.
-
-=59th.= Col. W. A. Olmstead, =S.=3088.
-
-=60th.= Officers of regiment at Fauquier Springs, Va., August,
-        1862, =S.=538, =S.=539.
-
-=61st.= _At Falmouth, Va., April, 1863_:
-        --Officers of regiment, 7530, =L.=7531.
-        --Drum Corps, =L.=7520.
-        --Company D, =L.=7313.
-        --Company G, =L.=7554.
-        --Company K, =L.=7556.
-
-=62d.= Col. J. L. Riker, =S.=2129.
-       Lieut.-Col. O. V. Dayton, =S.=1777, =S.=2065.
-       Surg. G. B. F. Simpson, =S.=3805.
-
-=63d.= Col. Henry Fowler, =S.=1906.
-       Officers of regiment, =L.=7542.
-
-=65th.= Col. J. E. Hamblin, =S.=1476, =S.=2150.
-        Maj. H. G. Healey, =S.=1421.
-
-=66th.= Lieut.-Col. J. S. Hammell, =S.=2671.
-
-=67th.= Col. J. W. Adams, =S.=2092.
-        Camp near Washington, D. C., in 1861, =C.=4546, =C.=4114,
-        =C.=4115, =C.=4116.
-
-=68th.= Col. R. J. Betge, =S.=2132.
-        Col. G. Bourri, =S.=1519.
-        Lieut-Col. A. Van Steinhauser, =S.=1786.
-        Maj. C. Van Wedell, =S.=1836.
-
-=69th.= Col. R. Nugent, =S.=3856.
-        Lieut.-Col. James Bagley, =S.=1856.
-        Officers of regiment, =L.=7642.
-
-=70th.= Col. J. E. Farnum, 1385.
-
-=71st.= Regiment on parade at camp near Miner's Hill, Va, =S.=2415.
-        Group of Company G, =S.=2413.
-
-=72d.= Col. W. O. Stevens, =S.=1506, =S.=1845.
-       Lieut.-Col. Israel Moses, =S.=1798.
-       Surg. C. K. Irwine, =S.=279, =S.=3821.
-
-=73d.= Col. W. R. Brewster, =S.=1842.
-
-=75th.= Col. J. A. Dodge, =S.=3869.
-
-=76th.= Adjt. H. F. Robinson, =S.=1832.
-
-=77th.= Col. J. B. McKean, =S.=2178.
-
-=79th.= Col. J. Cameron, =S.=1637.
-        Col. D. Morrison, =S.=3105.
-        Maj. F. A. Hagadorn, =S.=1700.
-
-=80th.= Col. J. B. Hardenburgh, =S.=1715.
-        Col. G. Pratt, =S.=1843.
-        Lieut.-Col. T. B. Gates, =S.=1827.
-        Capt. T. Alexander, =L.=7605.
-        Officers of regiment, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, =L.=7071,
-          =L.=7373, =S.=278.
-
-=82d.= Col. G. W. B. Tompkins, =S.=1402.
-       Maj. J. J. Dimock, =S.=1393.
-
-=83d.= Col. J. W. Stiles, =S.=1499.
-       Adjt. J. B. Coppinger, =S.=1514.
-
-=84th.= Col. E. B. Fowler, =S.=3801.
-        Col. A. M. Wood, =S.=2133.
-
-=85th.= Lieut.-Col. A. J. Wellman, =S.=1804.
-
-=86th.= Col. B. P. Bailey, =S.=1866.
-
-=87th.= Capt. S. F. Knight, =S.=1696.
-
-=93d.= Col. J. S. Crocker, =C.=4673.
-       Col. J. M. McCarter, =S.=2137.
-       Maj. A. L. Cassidy, =S.=2187, =S.=3068.
-       At Antietam, Md., September, 1862, =L.=7938, =L.=7941.
-       _At Bealeton, Va., August, 1863_:
-       --Officers of regiment, =L.=7505.
-       --Field and staff officers, =S.=630.
-       --Commissioned and non-commissioned staff, =L.=7011, =S.=284.
-       --Company A, L.7510, =L.=7512.
-       --Company B, L.7453, =L.=7506.
-       --Company C. L.7451, =L.=7592.
-       --Officers and non-commissioned officers of Company D, =L.=7458,
-         =L.=7539.
-       --Company D, =L.=7452, =L.=7591.
-       --Officers' "mess," Company D, =S.=218.
-       --Non-commissioned officers' "mess," Company D, =S.=217.
-       --Company E, =L.=7455, =L.=7460.
-       --Officers' "mess," Company E, =S.=225.
-       --Company F, =L.=7454, =L.=7594.
-       --Officers' "mess," Company F, =S.=220.
-       --Company G, =L.=7456, =L.=7459.
-       --Officers and non-commissioned officers of Company I, =L.=7511.
-       --Company I, =L.=7457, =L.=7593.
-       --Company K, =L.=7009, =L.=7036, =L.=7508.
-       --Drum Corps, =L.=7514, =L.=7565.
-       --Views of camp, =S.=219, =S.=824, =S.=826, =S.=827, =S.=828.
-
-=94th.= Col. A. R. Root, =S.=3214.
-
-=95th.= Col. G. H. Biddle, =S.=1800.
-
-=96th.= Col. J. Fairman, =S.=2232.
-
-=97th.= Col, J. P. Spofford, =S.=1348.
-
-=99th.= Col. J. O'Mahoney, =S.=2104.
-
-=100th.= Col. J. M. Brown, =S.=2603.
-
-=102d.= Chaplain J. F. Sutton, =S.=2189.
-
-=103d.= Col. B. Ringold, =S.=3016.
-
-=105th.= Col. B. F. Tracy, =S.=1507.
-
-=106th.= Lieut.-Col. C. Townsend, =S.=1659.
-
-=107th.= Col. A. S. Diven, =S.=1852.
-
-=110th.= Col. D. C. Littlejohn, =C.=4662.
-
-=111th.= Col. C. D. McDougall, =S.=1340, =S.=1449, =S.=2060.
-
-=116th.= Col. G. M. Love, =S.=2043.
-
-=118th.= Col. G. F. Nichols, =S.=1397.
-
-=119th.= Col. E. Peisener, =S.=3179.
-
-=120th.= Col. G. H. Sharpe, =C.=4588.
-         Lieut.-Col. C. D. Westbrook, =S.=1354.
-
-=121st.= Maj. E. Olcott, =S.=1410.
-
-=124th.= Col. A. V. H. Ellis, =S.=2093.
-         Lieut.-Col. F. M. Cummins, =S.=1366, =S.=1621.
-
-=125th.= Col. G. L. Willard, =S.=1525.
-
-=133d.= Lieut.-Col. A. J. Allaire, =S.=1917.
-
-=134th.= Col. C. Coster, =S.=3193.
-
-=141st.= Col. S. G. Hathaway, =S.=1448.
-         Surg. J. W. Robinson, =S.=1434.
-
-=143d.= Col. H. Boughton, =S.=2035.
-
-=144th.= Col. R. S. Hughston, =S.=3759.
-
-=145th.= Col. E. L. Price, =S.=1388.
-
-=146th.= Col. D. Jenkins, =S.=1763.
-
-=153d.= Col. E. P. Davis, =S.=3206.
-        Lieut. J. B. Neill, =C.=4310.
-        Officers of regiment, =C.=4291.
-        Officers of Company --, =C.=4320.
-        Company --, =C.=4281.
-
-=154th.= Lieut.-Col. D. B. Allen, =S.=1444.
-         Lieut.-Col. H. C. Loomis, =S.=3734.
-
-=156th.= Col. J. Sharp, =S.=3730.
-
-=158th.= Col. J. Jourdan, =S.=1962.
-
-=159th.= Col. E. L. Molineux, =C.=4586.
-
-=162d.= Col. L. Benedict, 1799.
-
-=164th.= Col. J. P. McMahon, =C.=4319.
-         Lieut.-Col. W. De Lacey, =S.=3226.
-         Officers of regiment, =C.=4312.
-         Company --, =C.=4297.
-         Guard mounting, =C.=4396.
-         Surgeon's quarters, =C.=4426.
-
-=169th.= Col. A. Alden, =S.=3062.
-         Col. Clarence Buell, =S.=3740.
-         Col. J. McConihe, =S.=1359.
-
-=170th.= Officers of regiment, =C.=4280, =C.=4282, =C.=3626.
-         Company --, =C.=4315.
-         Company --, =C.=4348.
-
-=175th.= Lieut.-Col. J. A. Foster, =S.=1558, =S.=1605, =S.=1796.
-
-=179th.= Surg. J. W. Robinson, =S.=1434.
-
-=182d.= Col. M. Murphy, =S.=1679.
-
-                          =New York Militia.=
-
-=7th.= Col. M. Lefferts, =S.=1669.
-       Adjt. J. H. Liebenau, =S.=1664.
-       Surg. T. M. Cheeseman, =S.=1491.
-       Ass't Surg. Tuthill, =S.=1584.
-       Commissary W. Patten, =S.=1668.
-       Paymaster M. Howland, =S.=1589.
-       Quartermaster  W. Winchester, =S.=1594.
-       Chaplain S. H. Weston, =S.=1674.
-       Capt. W. P. Bensel, =S.=1671.
-       Capt. E. Clark, =S.=1684.
-       Capt. J. Price, =S.=1533.
-       Capt. H. C. Shumway, =S.=1590.
-       Capt. W. A. Spaight, =S.=1572.
-       Lieut. C. B. Babcock, =S.=1586.
-       Lieut. J. A. Baker, =S.=1665.
-       Lieut. J. W. Bogert, =S.=1588.
-       Lieut. C. B. Bostwick, =S.=1662.
-       Lieut. T. B. Bunting, =S.=1663.
-       Lieut. C. Corley, =S.=1570.
-       Lieut W. Gurney, =S.=1585.
-       Lieut. G. T. Haws, =S.=1493.
-       Lieut. J. Wickstead, =S.=1666.
-       Lieut. J. B. Young, =S.=1615.
-       Sergt.-Maj. R. C. Rathbon, =S.=1472.
-       Sergt. J. J. Morrison, =S.=1486.
-       Sergt. S. O. Ryder, =S.=1488.
-
-=8th.= Col. G. Lyon, =S.=2107.
-       Group of officers, Camp McDowell, Va., =C.=4104.
-       Officers and non-commissioned officers of Company --, =C.=4112.
-       Engineer company, =C.=4137.
-       Company A, =C.=4541.
-       Drum Corps, =C.=4540.
-
-=12th.= Lieut.-Col. W. G. Ward, =S.=1661.
-        Maj. Bostwick, =S.=1767.
-        Engineer company, =C.=4138.
-
-=22d.= Lieut.-Col. L. Aspinwall, =S.=3733.
-       Officers of regiment, =C.=4010.
-       Adjutant and First Sergeants, =C.=4135.
-       Company --, =C.=4194.
-       Company --, =C.=4134.
-       Groups, =C.=4155, =C.=4163, =C.=4186.
-
-=23d.= Col. Wm. Everdell, =S.=1404.
-
-=69th.= Lieut. E. K. Butler, =S.=2255.
-        Sunday services in camp, =S.=3713.
-
-=71st.= Group of officers, Washington Navy-yard, =C.=4105.
-        Col. Bostwick, =S.=1578.
-
-                            =Ohio Cavalry.=
-
-=9th.= Lieut.-Col. W. Stough, =C.=4594.
-
-                   =Battery I, Ohio Light Artillery.=
-
-Capt. H. Dilger, =S.=3177.
-
-                            =Ohio Infantry.=
-
-=6th.= Col. N. L. Anderson, =C.=3004.
-
-=12th.= Col. C. B. White, =C.=3227.
-
-=19th.= Col. C. F. Manderson, =S.=3112.
-
-=25th.= Col. W. P. Richardson, =S.=1510.
-
-=28th.= Col. A. Moor, =S.=2651.
-
-=31st.= Col. M. B. Walker, =S.=3238.
-
-=41st.= Col. W. B. Hazen, =S.=2126.
-
-=44th.= Col. S. A. Gilbert, =C.=5048.
-
-=46th.= Maj. H. H. Gilsy, =S.=3190.
-
-=61st.= Col. S. J. McGroarty, =S.=2079.
-
-=66th.= Col. C. Candy, =S.=2181.
-
-=73d.= Lieut.-Col. S. H. Hurst, =S.=1438.
-
-=114th.= Col. J. Cradlebough, =S.=1775.
-
-=125th.= Group of officers, =C.=4325
-         Company B, =C.=4324.
-         Company C, =C.=4329.
-         Company H, =C.=4330.
-         Band, =C.=4328.
-
-=126th.= Col. B. F. Smith, =S.=1711.
-
-=136th.= Lieut.-Col. D. A. Williams, =S.=1795.
-
-=176th.= Col. E. C. Mason, =S.=1861.
-
-=181st.= Col. J. O'Dowd, =S.=3208.
-
-                        =Pennsylvania Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. O. Jones, =S.=1938.
-       Lieut.-Col. J. Higgins, =S.=1868.
-
-=3d.= Group of officers at Westover Landing, Va., =C.=4532.
-      Group of officers, =C.=4106.
-      Camp at headquarters Army of Potomac, February, 1865, =L.=7298.
-      Company D, Brandy Station, March, 1864, =L.=7389.
-      Lieut. J. W. Ford and Lieut. A. M. Wright, August, 1862, =S.=622.
-      Field and staff officers, =L.=7576, =S.=635.
-      Lieut.-Col. S. W. Owen, caught napping, =S.=625.
-
-=4th.= Col. D. Campbell, =S.=1724.
-       Col. G. H. Covode, =S.=1848.
-       Col. S. B. M. Young, =C.=4716.
-       Lieut.-Col. J. H. Childs, =S.=1869.
-       Field and staff officers at Westover Landing, August, 1862,
-         =L.=7474, =S.=629.
-
-=5th.= Camp in front of Richmond, Va., =S.=2499.
-       Col. R. M. West, =S.=2152.
-
-=6th.= Company I, Falmouth, Va., June, 1863, =L.=7140.
-
-=8th.= Maj. A. G. Enos, =S.=2158.
-
-=9th.= Col. T. J. Jordan, =C.=4712.
-
-=11th.= Col. F. A. Stratton, =C.=4719.
-        Col. S. P. Spear, =S.=3072.
-        Maj. N. M. Runyon, =S.=1984.
-
-=13th.= Maj. G. F. McCabe, =S.=1617.
-
-=14th.= Maj. T. Gibson, =S.=1543.
-
-=16th.= Lieut.-Col. L. D. Rogers, =S.=1441.
-
-=18th.= Regimental camp, February, 1864, =L.=7650.
-
-=20th.= Col. J. E. Wynkoop, =S.=1818.
-
-=21st.= Col. 0. B. Knowles, =C.=4707.
-
-                    =Pennsylvania Light Artillery.=
-
-=1st.= Battery B, =C.=4114, =C.=4139.
-
-                    =Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery.=
-
-=2d.= Company I in Fort Slemmer, =C.=4532.
-
-=3d.= Col. Joseph Roberts, =C.=4721.
-      Field and staff officers, =L.=7486.
-      On parade, =L.=7058, =L.=7423.
-
-                  =Pennsylvania Battery E (Knapp's).=
-
-At Antietam, Md., September, 1862, =S.=577.
-Capt. J. M. Knapp, =S.=1790.
-
-                        =Pennsylvania Infantry.=
-
-=11th.= Col. Richard Coulter, =C.=4724.
-
-=29th.= Lieut.-Col. C. Parham, =S.=1342.
-
-=30th.= Col. W. C. Talley, =S.=1539.
-        View of camp, =C.=4150.
-        Company A, =C.=4485.
-        Company B, =C.=4459.
-        Company --, =C.=4466.
-        Company --, =C.=4484.
-        Company --, =C.=4493.
-        Drum Corps, =C.=4491.
-
-=31st.= Camp on Queen's farm, near Fort Slocum, Va., =S.=2409, =S.=2410,
-          =S.=2411, =S.=2412.
-        Camp scenes, =S.=2404, =S.=2405, =S.=2406.
-        Group of officers, =S.=2407.
-        Captain and First Sergeant of Company --, =S.=2408.
-        Lieut.-Col. G. A. Woodward, =S.=1405.
-
-=32d.= Adjt. A. H. Jameson, =S.=1837.
-
-=33d.= Company B, =S.=2418.
-
-=34th.= Maj. G. Dare, =S.=2159.
-
-=35th.= Col. W. H. Ent, =S.=3266.
-        Col. W. Sinclair, =S.=1540.
-
-=36th.= Company H, =C.=4534.
-        Camp, =C.=4549.
-
-=37th.= Col. S. M. Bailey, =S.=1854.
-        Flag of regiment, =C.=4436.
-
-=39th.= Col. J. S. McCalmont, =S.=1899.
-
-=40th.= Col. S. M. Jackson, =S.=3728.
-
-=45th.= Col. J. J. Curtin, =S.=2038.
-
-=46th.= Col. J. L. Selfridge, =S.=1461.
-
-=48th.= Col. G. W. Gowan, =S.=2624.
-        Col. J. K. Sigfried, =S.=2621.
-        Lieut.-Col. H. Pleasants, =S.=2622.
-
-=50th.= Lieut.-Col. S. K. Schwenk, =L.=7668.
-        Maj. G. W. Brumm, =L.=7271.
-        Lieut. L. Carter, =L.=7410.
-        Lieut. J. I. Eckel, =L.=7359.
-        Regiment on parade, at Beaufort, S. C., 1862, =S.=156.
-        Regiment on parade, at Gettysburg, Pa., July, 1865,
-          =L.=7025, =L.=7027.
-        Officers of regiment, at Gettysburg, Pa., July, 1865,
-          =L.=7225, =L.=7230.
-
-=51st.= Lieut.-Col. T. S. Bell, =S.=3737.
-
-=52d.= Col. Henry M. Hoyt, =C.=4722.
-
-=53d.= Col. W. M. Mintzer, =S.=3229.
-
-=56th.= Col. J. W. Hoffman, =C.=5154.
-
-=58th.= Lieut.-Col. C. Clay, =S.=3000.
-
-=61st.= Col. G. F. Smith, =S.=1369.
-
-=62d.= Lieut,-Col. J. B. Sweitzer, =S.=1721.
-
-=63d.= Surg. W. H. Worthington, =S.=3841.
-
-=69th.= Field and staff officers, =L.=7267.
-        Maj. James O'Reilly, =S.=2197.
-
-=71st.= Col. E. D. Baker, =S.=1459.
-
-=72d.= Col. D. C. Baxter, =S.=3014.
-
-=73d.= Col. J. A. Koltes, =S.=1734.
-
-=75th.= Col. F. Mahler, =S.=1789, =S.=3743.
-        Col. John S. Littell, =C.=4718.
-
-=79th.= Col. H. A. Hambright, =S.=3204.
-
-=82d.= Lieut.-Col. Frank Vallee, =S.=2146.
-
-=83d.= Col. S. Vincent, =S.=3188.
-
-=84th.= Col. S. M. Bowman, =S.=1513.
-
-=85th.= Surg. J. B. Laidley, =S.=3844.
-
-=90th.= Col. P. Lyle, =S.=3018.
-
-=93d.= Lieut.-Col. J. W. Johnston, =S.=2183.
-
-=96th.= Col. H. Cake, =S.=1817.
-        Group of officers, =C.=4633.
-
-=97th.= Col. Henry R. Guss, =C.=4703.
-
-=98th.= Col. J. F. Ballier, =S.=2027.
-
-=100th.= Col. David Leasure, =C.=4714.
-
-=101st.= Surg. D. G. Rush, =S.=2244.
-
-=103d.= Col. T. F. Lehmann, =S.=3814.
-        Lieut.-Col. W. C. Maxwell, =S.=1365.
-
-=104th.= Col. W. W. H. Davis, =C.=4723.
-
-=105th.= Maj. M. M. Dick, =S.=1725.
-
-=106th.= Col. T. G. Morehead, =S.=586.
-
-=110th.= Company C, after the battle of Fredericksburg, =C.=4195.
-
-=114th.= _At Brandy Station, March, 1864_:
-         --View of camp, =L.=7308, =L.=7612.
-         --Guard mounting, =L.=7613, =L.=7944, =S.=134.
-         --Officers of regiment, =L.=7137, =L.=7138, =L.=7316, =S.=7602.
-         --Officers of Company --, =L.=7144, =L.=7146, =L.=7173.
-         --Band, =L.=7346, =L.=7611.
-         --Company F, =L.=7003, =L.=7038, =L.=7143, =L.=7175, =L.=7447.
-         --Company G, =L.=7198, =L.=7348.
-         --Company H, =L.=7077, =L.=7262, =L.=7263.
-         _At Headquarters Army of Potomac, August, 1864_:
-         --Officers, =L.=7137, =L.=7138, =L.=7316 =L.=7602.
-         --Officers of Company --, =L.=7144, =L.=7145.
-         --Capt. J. =S.= Crawford, =L.=7037, =L.=7073.
-
-=119th.= Lieut.-Col. Gideon Clark, =C.=4720.
-         Officers of regiment, =C.=4290.
-         Officers and non-commissioned officers, =C.=4428.
-         Company --, =C.=4334.
-         Company --, =C.=4375.
-
-=123d.= Surg. H. F. Martin, =S.=1392.
-
-=132d.= Col. V. M. Wilcox, =S.=1409.
-        Major J. E. Shreve, =S.=1440.
-
-=139th.= Officers of regiment, =C.=4288, =C.=4346.
-         Field and staff officers, =C.=4328.
-         Regiment on parade, =C.=4306.
-         Company --, =C.=4302.
-         Company --, =C.=4339.
-         Company --, =C.=4341.
-         Company --, =C.=4367.
-         Company --, =C.=4368.
-         Company --, =C.=4371.
-         Company --, =C.=4173.
-
-=143d.= Col. E. L. Dana, =S.=3748.
-
-=145th.= Col. H. L. Brown, =S.=3107.
-
-=148th.= Col. J. A. Beaver, =C.=4715.
-
-=149th.= Col. Roy Stone, =S.=3103.
-         Company D, in front of Petersburg, November, 1864, =L.=7047,
-          =L.=7388.
-
-=150th.= Camp, March, 1863, =S.=297.
-
-=155th.= Col. A. L. Pearson, =S.=3210.
-
-=195th.= Col. J. W. Fisher, =S.=3040.
-
-=198th.= Col. H. G. Sickel, =C.=4706.
-
-=207th.= Col. Robert C. Cox, =C.=4713.
-
-=208th.= Col. A. B. McCalmont, =S.=1356.
-
-                        =Rhode Island Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. R. B. Lawton, =S.=3727.
-
-                    =Rhode Island Light Artillery.=
-
-=1st.= Officers of regiment, July, 1862, =S.=649.
-       Chaplain T. Quinn, =S.=1780.
-
-                    =Rhode Island Heavy Artillery.=
-
-=3d.= Col. W. Ames, =C.=4666.
-
-                        =Rhode Island Infantry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. A. E. Burnside and officers, =C.=4100.
-       Chaplain A. Woodbury, =S.=1639.
-       Group of Company D, =C.=4128.
-
-=2d.= Col. Horatio Rogers, =C.=4682.
-      Officers of regiment, =C.=4537.
-      Capt. C. G. Dyer, =S.=1686.
-      Camp near Washington, D. C., in 1861, =C.=4113.
-
-=3d.= Col. N. W. Brown, =C.=4669.
-
-=9th.= Lieut.-Col. J. H. Powell, =S.=1343.
-
-=11th.= Headquarters of Company F, Miner's Hill, Va., =C.=4349.
-
-                          =Tennessee Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. J. P. Brownlow, =S.=3077.
-
-                  =United States Engineer Battalion.=
-
-_At Brandy Station, Va., March, 1864_:
---View of camp, =L.=7310, =L.=7433, =L.=7560.
---Officers' quarters, =L.=7109.
---Quarters of Company D, =L.=7005.
-_In front of Petersburg, Va., August, 1864_:
---Headquarters, =L.=7065.
---Company A, =L.=7062, =L.=7384, =L.=7386.
---Company B, =L.=7060, =L.=7210, =L.=7513, =L.=7547, =L.=7566, =L.=7570.
---Company C, =L.=7568, =L.=7647.
---Company D, =L.=7054, =L.=7387, =L.=7548.
---Essayon's Dramatic Club, =L.=7836, =L.=7439.
---Detachment in city of Petersburg, April, 1865, =L.=7188, =L.=7434.
-
-                        =United States Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Company K, Brandy Station, February, 1864, =L.=7120, =L.=7270.
-
-=2d.= Maj. C. J. Whiting, =S.=1416.
-      Capt. G. A. Gordon, =S.=1482.
-
-=6th.= Capt. H. B. Hays, =S.=2067.
-
-                       =United States Artillery.=
-
-=2d.= Capt. J. M. Robertson, =C.=5142.
-      Officers of Battery A (Tidball's), near Fair Oaks, Va.,
-        June, 1862, =S.=435.
-      Officers of Battery B (Robertson's), near Fair Oaks, Va.,
-        June, 1862, =S.=440.
-      Battery B (Robertson's), near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862,
-        =S.=439.
-      Battery B (Robertson's), at Gettysburg, Pa., =L.=7192.
-      Battery D, =C.=4212.
-      Flag of Battery D, =C.=4510.
-      Battery M (Benson's), near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862,
-        =S.=433, =S.=641.
-      Battery M (Benson's), Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, =L.=7245.
-
-=3d.= Officers of Battery C (Gibson's), near Fair Oaks, Va.,
-        June, 1862, =S.=432.
-      Battery C (Gibson's), near Fair Oaks, Va., June, 1862, =S.=431.
-
-=4th.= Battery A, Culpeper, Va., September, 1863, =L.=7334.
-
-=5th.= Lieut.-Col. B. H. Kill, =S.=2046.
-       Capt. Charles Griffin, =S.=1373.
-
-                       =United States Infantry.=
-
-=1st.= Col. C. A. Waite, =S.=2670.
-       Lieut. J. D. De Russy, =S.=1698.
-
-=2d.= Col. S. Burbank, =S.=3101.
-
-=3d.= Officers of regiment, June, 1865, =L.=7366, =L.=7398.
-      Col. B. L. E. Bonneville, =S.=1968.
-
-=4th.= Lieut.-Col. T. Morris, =S.=3769.
-
-=5th.= Lieut.-Col. T. L. Alexander, =S.=1381.
-
-=6th.= Col. H. Day, =S.=3793.
-       Col. W. Seawell, =S.=1474.
-       Capt. J. B. S. Todd, =S.=1336.
-
-=8th.= Provost guard, at headquarters Army of Potomac, Fairfax Court
-         House, June, 1863, =L.=7503.
-       Col. J. Garland, =S.=1329.
-       Col. W. J. Worth, =S.=1316.
-
-=9th.= Lieut. E. Pollock, =S.=2200.
-
-=10th.= Col. H. B. Clitz, =S.=1521.
-        Lieut.-Col. W. H. Sidell, =S.=2615.
-        Lieut. G. W. Vanderbilt, =S.=2250.
-
-=14th.= Officers of regiment, March, 1862, =L.=7973.
-        Col. C. S. Lovell, =S.=3234.
-        Capt. J. D. O'Connell, =S.=3270.
-
-=15th.= Maj. J. H. King, =S.=2609.
-
-=16th.= Capt. F. M. Bache, =S.=2439.
-        Capt. R. P. Barry, =S.=3871.
-
-=17th.= Maj. W. H. Wood, =S.=3830.
-        Lieut. N. Prine, =S.=2199.
-
-                     =United States Sharpshooters.=
-
-=1st.= Col. H. Berdan, =S.=3771.
-
-=2d.= Col. H. A. V. Post, =S.=3731.
-      Lieut.-Col. H. R. Stoughton, =S.=1620.
-      Adjt. L. C. Parmalee, =S.=1825.
-
-                 =United States Veteran Reserve Corps.=
-
-=3d.= Col. F. D. Sewall, =S.=3753.
-
-=7th.= Lieut.-Col. J. B. Callis, =C.=4740.
-
-=9th.= _In Washington, D. C., May, 1865_:
-       --On parade, =L.=7686, =L.=7881.
-       --Band, =L.=7807, =L.=7808.
-       --Band quarters, =L.=7854, =L.=7868.
-       --Company A, =L.=7670.
-
-=10th.= _In Washington, D. C., May, 1865_:
-        --Band, =L.=7865, =L.=7879.
-        --Drum Corps, =L.=7688.
-        --Company A, =L.=7742.
-        --Company B, =L.=7677, =L.=7892.
-        --Company C, =L.=7896, =L.=7898.
-        --Company D, =L.=7905.
-        --Company E, =L.=7810.
-        --Company F, =L.=7910.
-        --Company H, =L.=7809, =L.=7911.
-        --Company I, =L.=7804, =L.=7806.
-        --Company K, =L.=7805.
-        --Non-commissioned officers of Company H, =L.=7802.
-
-=14th.= Col. S. D. Oliphant, =S.=3796.
-
-=19th.= Col. O. V. Dayton, =S.=1777, =S.=2065.
-
-=22d.= Maj. J. R. O'Beirne, =S.=3269.
-
-=26th.= Lieut.-Col. B. P. Runkle, =S.=1762.
-
-                  =United States Veteran Volunteers.=
-
-=8th.= Parade of regiment, Washington, D. C., March, 1864, =L.=7813.
-
-                    =United States Colored Cavalry.=
-
-=4th.= Col. J. G. Wilson, =S.=1815, =S.=1868.
-
-                   =United States Colored Infantry.=
-
-=1st.= Camp and regiment, =L.=7013.
-
-=4th.= Officers of regiment, Fort Slocum, near Washington, D. C.,
-         =L.=7689, =L.=7851.
-       Company E, Fort Lincoln, near Washington, D. C., =L.=7890.
-
-=7th.= Col. James Shaw, =C.=4730.
-
-=8th.= Col. S. C. Armstrong, =S.=1920.
-
-=14th.= Col. H. C. Corbin, =S.=2617.
-
-=17th.= Col. W. R. Shafter, =S.=2604.
-
-=24th.= Col. O. Brown, =C.=4984.
-
-=27th.= Col. A. M. Blackman, =S.=2042.
-
-=28th.= Col. C. S. Russell, =S.=3211.
-
-=35th.= Col. J. C. Beecher, =S.=1466.
-
-=37th.= Col. N. Goff, =S.=3035.
-
-=39th.= Field and staff officers, in front of Petersburg, Va.,
-  September, 1864, =L.=7051, =L.=7052.
-
-=43d.= Col. S. B. Yeoman, =S.=2669.
-
-=45th.= Col. U. Doubleday, =S.=3213.
-
-=79th.= Col. J. M. Williams, =C.=4596.
-
-=83d.= Col. S. J. Crawford, =C.=4784.
-
-=100th.= Col. R. D. Mussey, =S.=2606.
-
-=103d.= Col. S. L. Woodford, =C.=5098.
-
-=107th.= _At Fort Corcoran, near Washington, D. C., November, 1865_:
-         --Officers of regiment, =L.=7684.
-         --Guard and guard-house, =L.=7841.
-         --Band, =L.=7861.
-
-=109th.= Col. O. A. Bartholomew, =S.=2614.
-
-=119th.= Col. C. G. Bartlett, =S.=3091.
-
-                  =United States Treasury Battalion.=
-
-Officers of battalion, Washington, D. C., April, 1865, =L.=7850.
-
-                           =Vermont Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Lieut.-Col. A. W. Preston, =S.=1751.
-
-                       =Vermont Heavy Artillery.=
-
-=1st.= Lieut.-Col. R. C. Benton, =S.=1355.
-       Lieut.-Col. G. E. Chamberlain, =S.=3735.
-
-                          =Vermont Infantry.=
-
-=3d.= Col. B. N. Hyde, =S.=3770.
-
-=5th.= Col. H. A. Smalley, =S.=3729.
-
-=6th.= Col. E. L. Barney, =S.=1683.
-       Col. N. Lord, =S.=1731.
-       Col. O. L. Tuttle, =S.=1802.
-       Lieut.-Col. A. P. Blunt, =S.=1813.
-       Surg. C. M. Chandler, =S.=2148.
-       Views of Camp Griffin, near Washington, D. C., in 1861,
-         =C.=4787, =C.=4117, =C.=4118.
-       Company A, =C.=4119.
-       Company D, =C.=4120.
-       Company E, =C.=4121.
-       Company F, =C.=4122.
-       Company G, =C.=4123.
-       Company H, =C.=4124.
-       Company I, =C.=4125.
-       Company K, =C.=4126.
-
-=9th.= Col. E. H. Ripley, =S.=3113, =S.=3114.
-
-=10th.= Col. A. B. Jewett, =S.=2165.
-
-=12th.= Col. A. P. Blunt, =S.=1813.
-
-=13th.= Col. F. V. Randall, =S.=1445.
-        Lieut.-Col. A. C. Brown, =S.=1463.
-
-=15th.= Lieut.-Col. R. Farnham, =S.=1479.
-        Maj. C. F. Spaulding, =S.=1396.
-        Surg. C. P. Frost, =S.=1447.
-
-=17th.= Col. F. V. Randall, =S.=1445.
-        Lieut.-Col. C. Cummings, =S.=1468.
-
-                        =West Virginia Cavalry.=
-
-=1st.= Lieut.-Col. C. E. Capehart, =S.=1623.
-
-=3d.= Col. D. H. Strother, =S.=3723.
-
-=4th.= Lieut.-Col. S. W. Snider, =S.=1455.
-
-                       =West Virginia Infantry.=
-
-=12th.= Col. W. B. Curtis, =S.=3224.
-
-                         =Wisconsin Infantry.=
-
-=2d.= Col. E. O'Connor, =S.=3863.
-      Camp in front of Petersburg, Va., February, 1865, =L.=7543.
-
-=5th.= Col. Amasa Cobb, =C.=4739.
-       Maj. C. H. Larrabee, =S.=2186.
-
-=6th.= Lieut.-Col. F. S. Bragg, =S.=1367.
-       Surg. A. W. Preston, =S.=3854.
-
-=16th.= Col. C. Fairchild, =S.=3202.
-
-=18th.= Surg. E. J. Buck, =S.=3798.
-
-=21st.= Col. H. C. Hobart, =S.=3205.
-
-=24th.= Col. C. H. Larrabee, =S.=2186.
-
-=25th.= Lieut.-Col. J. M. Rusk, =C.=4732.
-
-
-                       PORTRAITS OF NAVY OFFICERS.
-
-Ammen, Commander D., =C.=4635.
-Bailey, Commodore T., =S.=2231.
-Bankhead, Commander J. P., =S.=2118.
-Barrett, Lieut.-Commander E., =S.=1987, =S.=3415.
-Beil, Commodore C. H., =S.=2121.
-Bennett, --, =S.=2256.
-Blodgett, Lieut. G. M., =S.=2201.
-Boggs, Capt. C. S., =S.=3764.
-Breese, Commodore S. L., =S.=1610.
-Bullus, Capt. O., =S.=1632.
-Campbell, Acting Ass't Surg., =S.=2204.
-Collins, Commander N., =S.=1930.
-Conroy, Acting Lieut.-Commander E., =S.=1657.
-Cushing, Lieut.-Commander W. B., =S.=1864.
-Dahlgren, Rear Admiral J. A., =S.=1862, =S.=3416, =S.=3417, =S.=3418.
-Dahlgren, Rear Admiral J. A. and staff, =S.=3413.
-Davis, Rear Admiral C. H., =C.=4743.
-De Kraftt, Lieut.-Commander J. C. P., =C.=5143.
-Drayton, Capt. P., =C.=5112.
-Dupont, Rear Admiral S. F., =C.=4636.
-Erben, Lieut.-Commander H., =C.=4637.
-Farragut, Rear Admiral D. G., =S.=1561.
-Faunce, Capt. J. (Revenue Marine), =S.=2134.
-Foote, Rear Admiral A. H., =S.=1600.
-Freeman, Acting Master, =S.=2202.
-Gibson, Purser J. D., =C.=4803.
-Gilliss, Capt. J. P., =C.=4809.
-Glisson, Capt. O. S., =C.=4808.
-Goldsborough, Capt. J. R., =S.=2119.
-Goldsborough, Rear Admiral L. M., =C.=4744.
-Gregory, Rear Admiral F. H., =S.=1812.
-Gregory, Ass't Engineer H. P., =S.=1690.
-Gregory, Acting Master S. B., =S.=2003.
-Gwin, Lieut.-Commander W., =S.=1408.
-Harwood, Commodore A. A., =C.=4801.
-Haxtun, Lieut.-Commander M., =S.=2235.
-Hoff, Commodore H. K., =C.=5113.
-Howard, --, =S.=1603.
-Hughes, Commander A. K., =S.=2247.
-Hughes, Acting Ensign J. F., =S.=2166.
-Hull, Commodore J. B., =S.=1636.
-Isherwood, Engineer-in-chief B. F., =S.=1890.
-Jenkins, Capt. T. A., =C.=4633.
-Jeffers, Lieut.-Commander W. N., =S.=492.
-Jones, Surg. S. J., =S.=3860.
-Kershner, Ass't Surg. E., =S.=3810.
-King, Chief Engineer J. W., =C.=4811.
-Lanman, Commodore J., =C.=5186.
-Lardner, Commodore J. L., =C.=4807.
-Law, Lieut-Commander R. L., =C.=4582.
-Levy, Capt. U. P., =C.=4745.
-Livingstone, Commodore J. W., =S.=2068.
-Luce, Lieut.-Commander S. B., =C.=5075.
-Meade, Capt, R. W., =S.=1056.
-Meade, Lieut.-Commander R. W., =S.=1579.
-Montgomery. Commodore J. B., =S.=2078.
-Morris, Lieut.-Commander G. U., =S.=1826.
-Morris, Commodore H. W., =S.=1328.
-Nichols, Capt. Sylvester, =S.=1701.
-Nichols, Lieut. S. W., =S.=3857.
-Nones, Capt. H. B. (Revenue Marine), =S.=1545.
-Palmer, Commodore J. S., =S.=1571.
-Parker, =S.=2240.
-Parker, Lieut.-Commander James, =C.=5203.
-Pattison, Lieut.-Commander T., =S.=3184.
-Paulding, Rear Admiral H., =S.=1324.
-Perry, Capt, M. C., =S.=1317.
-Porter, Lieut. B. H., =S.=1893.
-Porter, Rear Admiral D. D., =L.=7945, =S.=1334.
-Porter, Rear Admiral D. D. and staff, =L.=7227, =L.=7244, =L.=7541.
-Porter, Acting Master W., =S.=1940.
-Porter, Commodore W. D., =S.=2242.
-Powell, Commodore L. M., =C.=4631.
-Preston, Lieut. S. W., =S.=3836.
-Ransom, Commander G. M., =C.=4802.
-Ridgely, Capt. D. B., =C.=4806.
-Riell, Lieut. R. B., =S.=1689.
-Ringgold, Commodore C., =S.=1407.
-Rodgers, Commander C. R. P., =S.=1875, =S.=3803.
-Rodgers, Commodore J., =S.=1936.
-Rowan, Commodore S. C., =S.=1766.
-Salstonstall, Acting Lieut.-Commander W. G., =S.=2259.
-Schoonmaker, Lieut. C. M., =S.=3415.
-Shubrick, Rear Admiral W. B., =S.=1598.
-Shufeldt, Commander R. W., =C.=4632.
-Skerrett, Lieut.-Commander J. S., =C.=4583.
-Smith, Commander A. N., =S.=1822.
-Smith, Rear Admiral J., =S.=2176.
-Stewart, Rear Admiral C., =S.=1332.
-Stockwell, Midshipman N. P., =S.=1370.
-Storer, Rear Admiral G. W., =S.=1774.
-Stringham, Rear Admiral S. H., =S.=1768.
-Thatcher, Commodore H. K., =C.=5187.
-Trenchard, Commander S. D., =S.=3865.
-Van Brunt, Commodore G., =S.=3085.
-Walke, Capt, H., =S.=1576.
-Ward, Commander J. H., =S.=2004.
-Wheelwright, Surg. C. W., =S.=2258.
-Whelan, Surg. W., =S.=5205.
-Wilkes, Commodore C., =C.=4656.
-Winslow, Commodore J. A., =S.=1788.
-Wise, Commander H. A., =S.=1844.
-Worden, Capt, J. L., =C.=4634.
-Wright, =S.=1587.
-Wyatt, 1st Ass't Engineer S. C., =S.=1550.
-Wyman, Commander R. H., =S.=1994.
-
-
-There are several thousand negatives in the vaults that have not yet
-been catalogued. No negative is registered until its authenticity is
-proved beyond a doubt. The testimony of hundreds of veterans is secured
-in many instances before the locality of the negative is established.
-The warriors who participated in these scenes are fast passing away and
-the work of identification is progressing as rapidly as absolute
-accuracy will allow. At the National Encampment at Saratoga hundreds of
-"unknown" negatives were identified by soldiers who saw them taken and
-offered their affidavits. Requests have been received from Grand Army
-Posts for enlargements of the rare photographs of Lincoln in the tent
-with McClellan at Antietam, of the Armies in Camp, and other views, the
-existence of which has been hitherto unknown. Mr. Eaton authorizes the
-enlargement of any negative for this purpose, providing that it is to be
-treasured in the hall of a Grand Army Post. All requests must be sent
-direct, accompanied by references, and no enlargement will be allowed
-until it bears the written signature of Edward B. Eaton, Hartford,
-Connecticut.
-
-
-
-
-                               DEDICATED
-                                 TO THE
-                            AMERICAN SOLDIER
-
-
-
-
-                                ALBUM OF
-
-                         Civil War Photographs
-
-       from the famous collection of 7,000 photographic negatives
-              made by MATHEW BRADY and ALEXANDER GARDNER.
-
-                           TAKES THE VETERAN
-
-                        BACK TO THE BATTLEFIELDS
-
-                   AS IN A PERSONALLY CONDUCTED TOUR
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-Tourists travel hundreds of miles and spend hundreds of dollars to look
-upon the sites of the famous battlefields of the Civil War, and then
-they see the situation only as it appears today, and not as it was when
-the famous events were being enacted. How many a veteran would rejoice
-to go back once more to those localities where the roar of cannon and
-musketry resounded in his ears over forty years ago. =This= Album makes
-this well nigh possible, and these famous photographs take the
-precedence of a visit today since along with the natural localities one
-sees the great actors, the President and the armies as they moved over
-these localities. The whole action and movement live once again before
-the eye, making the situation
-
-             AS REAL AS THOUGH THE WAR HAD ONLY JUST ENDED
-
-Hundreds of letters of strong commendation from military and educational
-authorities have been received, which are of convincing importance to
-all who have any interest in the history of the great Civil strife, as
-the following
-
-                 POWERFUL TESTIMONY CONCLUSIVELY PROVES
-
-J. W. Cheney, Librarian, War Department, Washington, says: "Your
-magnificent album of Civil War photographs is to me both a surprise and
-a delight. I am pleased to know that this superb volume has been added
-to the available literature of the War for the Union. I congratulate you
-on the successful accomplishment of a work that cannot be overestimated
-by appreciative students of American History."
-
-Edward S. Holden, Librarian West Point Military Academy, says: "Your
-publication 'Original Photographs taken on the battlefields during the
-Civil War of the U. S.,' is an original document of the first
-importance. I beg to congratulate you on this publication which will
-have a very large usefulness, and to hope that you will print other
-volumes of the sort."
-
-Admiral George Dewey says: "I believe it will commend itself not only to
-all Veterans of the Country, but also to all students of the history of
-our Civil War."
-
-Bishop Samuel R. Fallows says: "The superb work of 'Original Photographs
-taken on the battlefields during the Civil War' should be in the
-possession of every Grand Army Post and of every Grand Army Comrade who
-can afford to take it. If I possessed the means, every Comrade who could
-not spare the money to purchase it, should have a copy."
-
-Corporal Tanner says: "The volume instantly commanded my most undivided
-attention. Why, it is like rolling back the scroll forty-five years. In
-every respect, as to faithfulness and fineness of execution, I heartily
-endorse the publication."
-
-                               * * * * *
-
-                     OVER TWO HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS
-
-             SHOWING JUST HOW THINGS LOOKED "AT THE FRONT"
-
-         THE MOST VIVID AND REALISTIC WAR VOLUME EVER PUBLISHED
-
-                              Price, $2.50
-
-        The National Tribune One Year and the Album of Civil War
-                     Photographs, Both Postpaid, $3
-
-            ADDRESS THE NATIONAL TRIBUNE, WASHINGTON, D. C.
-
-
-Order Blank to be used when Book alone is wanted.
-
-THE NATIONAL TRIBUNE, Washington, D. C.:
-
-Inclosed find $2.50 for "Album of Civil War Photographs."
-
-Name ...................................................
-
-P. O. ..................................................
-
-State ..................................................
-
-
-Order Blank for Book and The National Tribune.
-
-THE NATIONAL TRIBUNE, Washington, D. C.:
-
-Inclosed find $3.00 for one year's subscription to The National Tribune
-and "Album of Civil War Photographs." Both are to be sent postpaid.
-
-Name ...................................................
-
-P. O. ..................................................
-
-State ..................................................
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: THE REMARKABLE PHOTOGRAPH WAS TAKEN AT ANTIETAM IN
-OCTOBER, 1862, AND SHOWS PRESIDENT LINCOLN IN CENTER, MAJ. ALLAN
-PINKERTON ON LEFT AND GEN. JOHN A. McCLERNAND ON RIGHT.]
-
-
-
-
-                           Transcriber Notes:
-
-Passages in italics were indicated by _underscores_.
-
-Passages in bold were indicated by =equal signs=.
-
-Small caps were replaced with ALL CAPS.
-
-Throughout the document, the oe ligature was replaced with "oe".
-
-The illustrations have been moved so that they do not break up
-paragraphs and so that they are next to the text they illustrate.
-
-In the original, each of the pages with illustrations was treated like
-as separate chapter, so four blank lines are used to indicate breaks
-between those pages.
-
-Errors in punctuation and inconsistent hyphenation were not corrected
-unless otherwise noted.
-
-On page 5, a period was added after "little or no benefit."
-
-On page 9, "vistage" was replaced with "vestige".
-
-On page 42, "Henry Wager Halleck. who" was replaced with "Henry Wager
-Halleck, who".
-
-On page 46, "strategem" was replaced with "stratagem".
-
-On page 60, "reconnoisance" was replaced with "reconnaissance".
-
-On page 69, "James's" was replaced with "James'".
-
-On page 71, "opperations" was replaced with "operations".
-
-On page 75, "Chattanoga" was replaced with "Chattanooga".
-
-On page 75, "Racoon" was replaced with "Raccoon".
-
-On page 76, "breeching" was replaced with "breaching".
-
-On page 78, "to to" was replaced with "to".
-
-On page 84, "5-10" was replaced with "5/10".
-
-On page 91, "occured" was replaced with "occurred".
-
-On page 117, a period was placed after "L.7378".
-
-On page 95, "beleagured" was replaced with "beleaguered".
-
-On page 105, "is" was replaced with "are".
-
-On page 116, a period was placed after "S.2381".
-
-On page 117, a period was placed after "L.7589".
-
-On page 118, the comma after "S.1097" was replaced with a period.
-
-On page 118, the period after "Southside Railroad" was replaced with a
-comma.
-
-On page 118, a period was placed after "S.3357".
-
-On page 119, a comma was placed after "S.1251".
-
-On page 119, a comma was placed after "L.7227".
-
-On page 120, a period was placed after "Y" in "Arrowsmith, Lieut., N. Y
-S. M.".
-
-On page 120, a period was placed after "Y" in "Babcock, Lieut. C. B.,
-7th N. Y S. M.".
-
-On page 120, "Maj.-Gen. G," was replaced with "Maj.-Gen. G.,".
-
-On page 120, a period was placed after "C.4497".
-
-On page 121, a period was placed after "Drew, Lieut.-Col. W".
-
-On page 121, a period was placed after "S.3809".
-
-On page 121, a period was placed after "Harkins, Maj. D. H., 1st N".
-
-On page 121, a period was placed after "Harney, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. W"
-
-On page 121, a period was placed after "Harris, Bvt. Maj.-Gen. T".
-
-On page 121, a period was placed after "Hathaway, Col. S. G., 141st N".
-
-On page 121, a period was placed after "S.1567".
-
-On page 121, a period was placed after "Haws, Lieut. G. T., 7th N. Y".
-
-On page 121, a period was placed after "Johnston, Lieut.-Col. J"
-
-On page 121, a period was placed after "S.1937".
-
-On page 121, a comma was placed after "Jones, Surg. Henry".
-
-On page 122, a period was placed after "S.1445".
-
-On page 122, a period was placed after "S.2197".
-
-On page 122, a period was placed after "S.3218".
-
-On page 123, a period was placed after "S.3218".
-
-On page 124, a period was placed after "Maj. H. F".
-
-On page 125, a period was placed after "Commissary W".
-
-On the penultimate page, "Natonal" was replaced with "National."
-
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Original Photographs Taken on the
-Battlefields during the Civil War of the United States, by Mathew B. Brady and Alexander Gardner
-
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