diff options
Diffstat (limited to '43910-h/43910-h.htm')
| -rw-r--r-- | 43910-h/43910-h.htm | 589 |
1 files changed, 84 insertions, 505 deletions
diff --git a/43910-h/43910-h.htm b/43910-h/43910-h.htm index e46897e..b950e94 100644 --- a/43910-h/43910-h.htm +++ b/43910-h/43910-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Danes in Lancashire, by S. W. Partington. @@ -304,46 +304,7 @@ i.cite {font-style: italic;} </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Danes in Lancashire and Yorkshire, by -S. W. Partington - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: The Danes in Lancashire and Yorkshire - -Author: S. W. Partington - -Release Date: October 8, 2013 [EBook #43910] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE DANES IN LANCASHIRE *** - - - - -Produced by sp1nd, Charlie Howard, and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43910 ***</div> <div class="transnote"> <p class="covernote">Cover created by Transcriber, using an illustration from the @@ -416,7 +377,7 @@ Bradley, B.A., of the Salt Museum, Stafford, "Runic Calendars and Clog-Almanacs"; Rev. J. Hay Colligan, Liverpool; Professor W. A. Herdman, Liverpool; Mr. Jas. T. Marquis, of the Battle of "Brunanburh"; -Dr. Worsäac, "Danes in England."</p> +Dr. Worsäac, "Danes in England."</p> <p>Messrs. Titus Wilson & Son, Kendal, Plates, "Map of Races," etc.; Swan, Sonnenschein & Co., London; @@ -674,7 +635,7 @@ Ainsdale, Cuerdale, and Birkdale. The only two places which the Danes seem to have noticed in their navigation of the Ribble were Walton-le-dale and the more important Cuerdale, now renowned in -archæology for the richest find of ancient coins +archæology for the richest find of ancient coins recorded in history. The Danes brought a treasure of 7,000 pieces to Cuerdale. Mingled with the coins were bars of silver, amulets, broken rings, and @@ -894,7 +855,7 @@ This eminent authority says that King Edgar, in brought excessive drinking among us.</p> <p>The word Ale came into the English language -through the Danish öl. At any rate after the +through the Danish öl. At any rate after the advent of the Norsemen, the English left off drinking water and began to drink ale as the regular everyday beverage of the people.</p> @@ -1051,7 +1012,7 @@ It is to this fact no doubt that the vast impetus which was given to the coinage of England soon after the coming of the Danes is largely due.</p> -<p>As Mr. Worsaäe says, the Danish coiners +<p>As Mr. Worsaäe says, the Danish coiners increased to fifty in number from the reign of Aethelred to Edward the Confessor, and the greater number exercised this vocation at York and @@ -1295,7 +1256,7 @@ which bear the names of Warton, Warcop, Warwick and Warthole. Tanshelf, near Pontefract, is derived from Taddenesscylfe, Blawith and Blowick from Blakogr—blackwood. Axle, Acle, arcle from -öxl, the shoulder.</p> +öxl, the shoulder.</p> <h3 class="vspace"><span class="smcap">The Battle of Brunanburh.</span><br /> @@ -1303,7 +1264,7 @@ from Blakogr—blackwood. Axle, Acle, arcle from <p>"There is one entry in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle which must be mentioned here as it -throws light upon an archæological discovery of +throws light upon an archæological discovery of considerable importance. In 911 the Chronicle<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">29</a></span> records that the Danish army among the Northumbrians broke the peace and overran the land of @@ -2229,10 +2190,10 @@ deities supply us with many surnames. From "Balder" comes Balderstone, Osbaldistone. "Thor" gives us Tursdale, Turton, Thursby, Thorley, Thurston, and Thurstaston, in the Wirral, near West -Kirby. "Frëyer" supplies Frisby, Frankby, Fry, +Kirby. "Frëyer" supplies Frisby, Frankby, Fry, Fryer, Fraisthorpe, and Fraser. "Uller" or "Oller" gives Elswick, Ullersthorpe, Elston, -Ulverston. From "Vé," a sacred place, like +Ulverston. From "Vé," a sacred place, like "Viborg," the old Jutland assize town, we derive Wydale, Wigthorpe, Wythorpe, Willoughby, Wilbeforce, Wigton, and Wyre. Some of our earliest @@ -2307,7 +2268,7 @@ was a grove where pagan rites were conducted. Lindsey is a grove by the sea. Lyster is Danish for a fishing fork composed of barbed iron spikes on a pole for spearing fish. Galt or Geld, an offering of -the expiatory barrow pig to the god "Frëyer." +the expiatory barrow pig to the god "Frëyer." From Kell, in Danish a "spring," we get Kellet and Okell.</p> @@ -2557,7 +2518,7 @@ The remaining days as in ordinary English.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">73</a></span> In pronouns we find "wer" for "our," in the -possessive case, from old Norse vârr.</p> +possessive case, from old Norse vârr.</p> <blockquote> @@ -2588,7 +2549,7 @@ Sooawheddersa=whethersoever.<br /> <blockquote> <p class="in0"> Sa mich=so much.<br /> -Swedish, Sâ mycket.<br /> +Swedish, Sâ mycket.<br /> </p> </blockquote> @@ -2598,7 +2559,7 @@ Swedish, Sâ mycket.<br /> <p class="in0"> Backerds—backwards.<br /> Connily—prettily, nicely.<br /> -eigh—yes; forrùt, forrud—forwards;<br /> +eigh—yes; forrùt, forrud—forwards;<br /> helder—preferably; i mornin—to-morrow;<br /> i now—presently; lang sen—long since;<br /> lowsley—loosely; neddher—lower nether;<br /> @@ -2713,8 +2674,8 @@ him."</p> <p>As early as the eleventh century the names of English towns and villages are written in the Domesday Book with the Danish ending "by" or -"bi," and not with the Norwegian form of "böer" -or "bö." This preponderance of Danish endings +"bi," and not with the Norwegian form of "böer" +or "bö." This preponderance of Danish endings proves the widely extended influence of the Danes in the North. That they should have been preserved in such numbers for more than eight centuries after @@ -2723,7 +2684,7 @@ disproves the opinion that the old Danish inhabitants of the country were supplanted or expelled after the cessation of the Danish rule (1042), first by the Anglo-Saxons, and afterwards by the Normans. -Mr. Wörsæ says: "The Danes must have continued +Mr. Wörsæ says: "The Danes must have continued to reside in great numbers in these districts, previously conquered by them, and consequently it follows that a considerable part of the present @@ -2745,7 +2706,7 @@ from uncommon. The people are not very tall in stature, but usually more compact and strongly built than those of the South."</p> -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><img id="ip_80" src="images/i_098.jpg" width="500" height="478" alt="" /><br /><div class="caption">Example of Ancient Danish Loom; from the Färoes, now in Bergen Museum.</div></div> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><img id="ip_80" src="images/i_098.jpg" width="500" height="478" alt="" /><br /><div class="caption">Example of Ancient Danish Loom; from the Färoes, now in Bergen Museum.</div></div> <p>The still existing popular dialect is an excellent proof that the resemblance of the inhabitants is not @@ -2761,7 +2722,7 @@ wheel from "spole"; her reel and yarn-winder from "bagebord." She is about to knead dough, from "deig"; and in order to make oaten bread, or thin cakes beaten out by the hand, we have clap-bread -or clap-cake, form "klapperbröd" and "klapper-kake." +or clap-cake, form "klapperbröd" and "klapper-kake." She spreads the tablecloth, "bordclaith," for dinner, "onden"; while the fire smokes, "reeks," as it makes its way through the thatch, "thack," @@ -2788,7 +2749,7 @@ without purpose. Another form of the word is three-year-old. A "gimmer lamb" is a female lamb. The lug-mark, <i>i.e.</i>, a bit cut out of a sheep's ear that it may be recognised by the owner, is from -lögg mark." Lög is law, and thus it is the legal +lögg mark." Lög is law, and thus it is the legal mark. The "smit" or smear of colour, generally red, by which the sheep are marked occurs in the Bible of Ulphilas in the same sense as smear. @@ -2864,7 +2825,7 @@ H. C. March, M.D.), which were called "booths,"<span class="pagenum"><a nam from the huts of the shepherds and cowherds. From this we trace Cowpebooth, Bacopbooth, and Crawshawbooth. Booth is derived from the old -Norse "bûd," a dwelling, while from "byr" and +Norse "bûd," a dwelling, while from "byr" and "boer" we get the surnames Byrom, Burton, Buerton, Bamber, Thornber. "Forseti" was the judge of one of the Norse deities, and the word @@ -3492,7 +3453,7 @@ these lands were waste and unoccupied, when names of Danish origin were given, such as Helsby, Frankby, Whitby, Raby, Irby, Greasby and Pensby. Some Wirral names are composed of Celtic and -Norse, as the settlers brought both Gælic and Norse +Norse, as the settlers brought both Gælic and Norse names from Ireland. These are found in the Norse Runes in the Isle of Man and north of Lancaster.</p> @@ -3544,7 +3505,7 @@ Heriot is akin in name and in character to the Saxon supplied by the chief to his follower. In feudal time and among peasants it is not the war-horse and armour that is meant, but the ox and harness take -their place. (Vinogradoff, "Mediæval Manors": +their place. (Vinogradoff, "Mediæval Manors": Political Exactions, Chap. V., 153.)</p> <p><i>Mol-men.</i> Etymologically, there is reason to @@ -3617,7 +3578,7 @@ reached our times.</p> <p>Ulphilas, in his translation of the Greek Testament construes the word for plough with the Gothic -word "hôha," the origin of our modern term "hoe." +word "hôha," the origin of our modern term "hoe." We may therefore surmise that in these primitive times natives hoed the ground for their crops for want of better implements to turn up the soil.</p> @@ -4141,7 +4102,7 @@ found at Penrith and Gosforth. These latter have Edda subjects and appear to be late tenth century.</p> <p>Gilling has a curious device, which may possibly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">131</a></span> -be the völund wing wheel, and völund appears on +be the völund wing wheel, and völund appears on the Leeds cross, and also at Neston in Cheshire.</p> <p>The Scandinavian chain pattern, frequent on the @@ -4286,9 +4247,9 @@ definite results, having been deciphered for us by eminent scholars, will help us to understand the nature of those to be found in our own county.</p> -<p>We are told by Dr. Wägner that Runes were +<p>We are told by Dr. Wägner that Runes were mysterious signs. The word Rune is derived from -rûna, a secret. The form of the writing would +rûna, a secret. The form of the writing would appear to be copied from the alphabet of the Phoenicians. The Runes were looked upon, for many reasons, as full of mystery and supernatural @@ -4357,7 +4318,7 @@ with heads of birds or wings. In addition to decorative work we find on three of the cross slabs illustrations from the old Norse sagas. On a large cross at Braddan is a representation of Daniel in -the lion's den; and at Bride, on a slab, is a mediæval +the lion's den; and at Bride, on a slab, is a mediæval carving of the fall of Adam, in which the serpent is absent. Both Pagan and Christian emblems<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">140</a></span> derive their ornamentation from the same source, @@ -4404,7 +4365,7 @@ Derg, in Ireland. The wicker cross retained its grasp upon the superstitious feelings of the people after the suppression at the Reformation. He says of this miserable little islet that the tenant paid a -yearly rent of £300, derived from a small toll of +yearly rent of £300, derived from a small toll of sixpence charged at the ferry. This was probably the last of the innumerable crosses of the same wicker and twigs. (Lieut.-Col. French, Bolton.)</p> @@ -4663,7 +4624,7 @@ holds the loop or ring in the right hand.</p> <td class="rcol3">April 11.—St. Gultitae, Abbot of Croyland.</td></tr> <tr> <td class="rcol1" colspan="2"><img class="r" src="images/i_178c.png" alt="" /></td> - <td class="rcol3">April 19.—St. Ælphege, Archbishop of Canterbury. 1012.</td></tr> + <td class="rcol3">April 19.—St. Ælphege, Archbishop of Canterbury. 1012.</td></tr> <tr> <td class="rcol1" colspan="2"> </td> <td class="rcol3">April 23.—St. George, Patron Saint of England. Of Garter legend.</td></tr> @@ -4856,7 +4817,7 @@ Christianity.</p> <p>They were derived from rude imitations of the Greek letters. Two of these staves now in the -Museum at Copenhagen are 4 feet 8½ inches and +Museum at Copenhagen are 4 feet 8½ inches and 3 feet 8 inches long respectively. They are hand carved and not in any sense made by machinery. This accounts from them being rarely alike, and @@ -4869,7 +4830,7 @@ Sun is the year maker, does 12 of her monthly revolutions in 354 days. So that a lunar year is 11 days shorter than the solar, supposing both to start from the same date. The actual lunar month -contains about 29½ days. Therefore in order to +contains about 29½ days. Therefore in order to balance the two reckonings, it was agreed at a convention of Scientist Christians of Alexandria in the year <span class="smcap smaller">A.D.</span> 323, two years previous to the Council @@ -4939,14 +4900,14 @@ the worship of fire. In some places the toast or bumper of the fire was drunk by the whole family kneeling round the fire, who at the same time offered grain or beer to the flames on the hearth. This was -the so-called Eldborgs-skäl, the toast of fire salvage, +the so-called Eldborgs-skäl, the toast of fire salvage, a toast which was meant to avert disaster by fire for the coming year.</p> <p>Fire and Sun worship mingled together, no doubt in observance of this feast: for where it was most religiously observed amongst the Swedes it was -called Freysblôt and was a great event. In early +called Freysblôt and was a great event. In early Christian times only wax candles which had received<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">155</a></span> the blessing of the priest, were burnt in the houses of the people, in the evening. Hence Candlemas,—see @@ -5790,7 +5751,7 @@ current in the dialect.</p> <p>The religious conceptions of the most famous nations of antiquity are connected with the beginnings -of civilisation. We are told by Dr. Wägner, +of civilisation. We are told by Dr. Wägner, in his work "Asgard and the Gods," of the traditions of our northern ancestors, the story of the myths and legends of Norse antiquity. The first of their @@ -5896,7 +5857,7 @@ creatures to spare the well-beloved, but she overlooked the weak mistletoe bough. The gods in boisterous play threw their weapons at Baldur, and the dart made of the fatal bough was thrown by the -blind Hödur with deadly effect.</p> +blind Hödur with deadly effect.</p> <p>Forseti, the son of Baldur, resembled his father in holiness and righteousness, was the upholder of @@ -5909,7 +5870,7 @@ and the snake. He was the god of warmth and household fire, and was held to be the corrupter<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">193</a></span> of gods, and the spirit of evil. It was Loki who formed the fatal dart, which he placed in the hands -of the blind Hödur, which caused the death of +of the blind Hödur, which caused the death of Baldur. After the murder of Baldur, Loki conceals himself on a distant mountain, and hides himself under a waterfall. Here the avengers catch him @@ -5935,7 +5896,7 @@ assemble on the plains of Ida, and the sons of Thor bring with them their father's storm-hammer, a weapon no longer used for fighting, but only for consecrating what is right and holy. They are -joined by Baldur and Hödur, reconciled and united +joined by Baldur and Hödur, reconciled and united in brotherly love.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">194</a></span> @@ -6351,7 +6312,7 @@ of which a horse stood motionless, while an armed warrior lay equally still at the charger's feet. 'All these men,' said the Wizard in a whisper, 'will awaken at the battle of Sheriffmoor.' At the -extremity of this extraordinary depôt hung a sword +extremity of this extraordinary depôt hung a sword and a horn, which the Prophet pointed out to the horse dealer, as containing the means of dissolving the spell. The man in confusion, took the horn and @@ -6527,48 +6488,48 @@ for a period of eleven <span class="locked">years:—</span></p> <tr><th class="tdc">Year.</th><th class="tdc">Imports.</th><th class="tdc">Exports.</th></tr> <tr> <td class="tdc">1897</td> - <td class="tdc">£10,968,397</td> - <td class="tdc">£3,476,663</td></tr> + <td class="tdc">£10,968,397</td> + <td class="tdc">£3,476,663</td></tr> <tr> <td class="tdc">1898</td> - <td class="tdc">£11,703,384</td> - <td class="tdc">£3,919,326</td></tr> + <td class="tdc">£11,703,384</td> + <td class="tdc">£3,919,326</td></tr> <tr> <td class="tdc">1899</td> - <td class="tdc">£12,432,977</td> - <td class="tdc">£4,399,025</td></tr> + <td class="tdc">£12,432,977</td> + <td class="tdc">£4,399,025</td></tr> <tr> <td class="tdc">1900</td> - <td class="tdc">£13,187,667</td> - <td class="tdc">£4,724,181</td></tr> + <td class="tdc">£13,187,667</td> + <td class="tdc">£4,724,181</td></tr> <tr> <td class="tdc">1901</td> - <td class="tdc">£14,234,102</td> - <td class="tdc">£4,163,478</td></tr> + <td class="tdc">£14,234,102</td> + <td class="tdc">£4,163,478</td></tr> <tr> <td class="tdc">1902</td> - <td class="tdc">£15,556,780</td> - <td class="tdc">£4,033,897</td></tr> + <td class="tdc">£15,556,780</td> + <td class="tdc">£4,033,897</td></tr> <tr> <td class="tdc">1903</td> - <td class="tdc">£16,594,565</td> - <td class="tdc">£4,398,088</td></tr> + <td class="tdc">£16,594,565</td> + <td class="tdc">£4,398,088</td></tr> <tr> <td class="tdc">1904</td> - <td class="tdc">£15,911,615</td> - <td class="tdc">£3,925,836</td></tr> + <td class="tdc">£15,911,615</td> + <td class="tdc">£3,925,836</td></tr> <tr> <td class="tdc">1905</td> - <td class="tdc">£15,416,456</td> - <td class="tdc">£4,476,624</td></tr> + <td class="tdc">£15,416,456</td> + <td class="tdc">£4,476,624</td></tr> <tr> <td class="tdc">1906</td> - <td class="tdc">£16,433,648</td> - <td class="tdc">£5,162,428</td></tr> + <td class="tdc">£16,433,648</td> + <td class="tdc">£5,162,428</td></tr> <tr> <td class="tdc">1907</td> - <td class="tdc">£18,262,542</td> - <td class="tdc">£6,124,039</td></tr> + <td class="tdc">£18,262,542</td> + <td class="tdc">£6,124,039</td></tr> </table> <h3><span class="smcap">Danish Agriculture.</span></h3> @@ -6578,7 +6539,7 @@ C. Liddell in his report for 1908, Denmark has witnessed a considerable increase.</p> <p>The exports of agricultural produce, which in -1904 were worth £18,400,000, reached £22,400,000 +1904 were worth £18,400,000, reached £22,400,000 in 1908. The amount of butter exported to the United Kingdom reaches 96.1 per cent. of the total; of bacon, 97.5 per cent.; and of eggs, 98.8 per cent. @@ -6611,9 +6572,9 @@ an increase of two millions from 1906 to 1907.</p> produce comes to the Manchester market, and is distributed from that centre. An analysis of the 1907 imports from Denmark gives the following -details:—Butter £10,192,587, eggs £1,774,319, -fish £91,031, lard £17,723, bacon £5,385,275, pork -£200,000. The item of bacon for 1907 shows an +details:—Butter £10,192,587, eggs £1,774,319, +fish £91,031, lard £17,723, bacon £5,385,275, pork +£200,000. The item of bacon for 1907 shows an increase of one million pounds over the year 1906.</p> <p>The import of Danish produce began in the early @@ -6655,7 +6616,7 @@ and <span class="locked">1907:—</span></p> <tr> <td class="tdl"><a name="FNanchor_E" id="FNanchor_E" href="#Footnote_E" class="fnanchor">E</a>4lbs. loaf of Bread</td> <td class="tdc">6d.</td> - <td class="tdc">5½d.</td></tr> + <td class="tdc">5½d.</td></tr> <tr> <td class="tdl"><a href="#Footnote_F" class="fnanchor">F</a>1lb. Butter</td> <td class="tdc">7d.</td> @@ -6714,9 +6675,9 @@ not available.</p> Bank deposits are a fair indication of the industrial prosperity. In the report of these Post Office Savings Banks we find that Denmark heads the list -with £15 11s. per head of the population, while the +with £15 11s. per head of the population, while the United Kingdom comes ninth in the list with a sum -of £4 11s. per head of the population.</p> +of £4 11s. per head of the population.</p> <p>The economy of waste has been the keynote of wealth to many industries, and the adaptability of @@ -6754,13 +6715,13 @@ agricultural education.</p> <p>The amounts vary considerably in the different counties for the year ending March, 1908. In -England, Lancashire takes the lead with £7,485, +England, Lancashire takes the lead with £7,485, and in Wales the county of Carmarthen is prominent -with £597.</p> +with £597.</p> -<p>The gross total amounted to £79,915, of which -£21,662 was in grants to schools and colleges, -£9,876 for scholarships, and £12,433 for dairy +<p>The gross total amounted to £79,915, of which +£21,662 was in grants to schools and colleges, +£9,876 for scholarships, and £12,433 for dairy instruction.</p> <p>The figures are approximate owing to the @@ -6838,7 +6799,7 @@ the habit of putting their money, for they are a thoroughly respectable, self-respecting, and frugal community. It is now just a year since this offer<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">225</a></span> was first made, and the employees put up over -£1,000, in sums ranging from £1 to £100, the latter +£1,000, in sums ranging from £1 to £100, the latter sum coming from a man who had banked all the bonuses he earned, along with savings from twenty-five years' earnings.</p> @@ -6851,7 +6812,7 @@ flourish where but one grew before. His lordship has a far higher satisfaction in advancing the position of the men in his employment. In effect this is what he said to them: "My farms represent -so much money to me; now for every £1 which you +so much money to me; now for every £1 which you put in I will guarantee you 4 per cent. After we have all had our 4 per cent., such surplus profit as may be left, if any, will be divided between us <i xml:lang="la" lang="la">pro @@ -6975,10 +6936,10 @@ on the soil. Horsemen receive 14s. a week, cowmen to 15s. Living is very cheap, and rents are low. A good, comfortable cottage, with a decent bit of garden, where vegetables can be grown, can be had -for £4 or £5 a year. Should a man require more +for £4 or £5 a year. Should a man require more ground he can get it at a nominal annual rent of 3d. per rod—that is, a piece of ground measuring -5½ yards each way. Quite a number of men avail +5½ yards each way. Quite a number of men avail themselves of this offer, and as they knock off work at five p.m., they put in their evenings on their own "estate."</p> @@ -7066,7 +7027,7 @@ foreign supplies. By applying certain simple rules<span class="pagenum"><a name= of selection regarding seeds, a much smaller area of land would give the same result.</p> -<p>Instead of 3½ quarters per acre—the present +<p>Instead of 3½ quarters per acre—the present average—the yield could be doubled, or even trebled. Thirty years ago, in France, three quarters an acre was considered a good crop, but the same @@ -7124,7 +7085,7 @@ and economic problem known. There would be work for all in the country districts, and consequently less poverty in the towns, and to the nation's resources would be conserved the enormous annual -expenditure on foreign wheat of £67,000,000.</p> +expenditure on foreign wheat of £67,000,000.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">234</a></span></p> @@ -7222,7 +7183,7 @@ Arnside Knott, in Westmoreland, but near the Lancashire border.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_C" id="Footnote_C" href="#FNanchor_C" class="fnanchor">C</a> From Darvel—death and öl—feast.</p></div> +<p><a name="Footnote_C" id="Footnote_C" href="#FNanchor_C" class="fnanchor">C</a> From Darvel—death and öl—feast.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -8102,7 +8063,7 @@ Raby, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.<br /></li> <li>Royal Charters, Norse witnesses, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.<br /></li> -<li>Rûnâ, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.<br /></li> +<li>Rûnâ, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.<br /></li> <li>Runes, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.<br /></li> @@ -8314,7 +8275,7 @@ Valkyrs, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.<br /></li> <li>Valour, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.<br /></li> -<li>'Vë,' <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.<br /></li> +<li>'Vë,' <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.<br /></li> <li>Verstigan, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>.<br /></li> @@ -8478,7 +8439,7 @@ changed here for consistency with the rest of the list.</p> <p>Page <a href="#Page_80">80</a>: "or clap-cake, form" probably should be "from".</p> -<p>Page <a href="#Page_81">81</a>: 'lögg mark."' either is missing an opening quotation mark or has a superfluous +<p>Page <a href="#Page_81">81</a>: 'lögg mark."' either is missing an opening quotation mark or has a superfluous closing one.</p> <p>Page <a href="#Page_106">106</a>: Likely superfluous quotation mark after 'by commutation."'</p> @@ -8534,388 +8495,6 @@ not checked for accuracy.</p> <p>Page <a href="#Page_243">243</a>: No page reference given in the Index for "Northumberland, —".</p> </div> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Danes in Lancashire and Yorkshire, by -S. W. Partington - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE DANES IN LANCASHIRE *** - -***** This file should be named 43910-h.htm or 43910-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/3/9/1/43910/ - -Produced by sp1nd, Charlie Howard, and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, -set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to -copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to -protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project -Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you -charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you -do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the -rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose -such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and -research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do -practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is -subject to the trademark license, especially commercial -redistribution. - - - -*** START: FULL LICENSE *** - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project -Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at -http://gutenberg.org/license). - - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy -all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. -If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the -terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or -entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement -and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic -works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" -or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the -collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an -individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are -located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from -copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative -works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg -are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project -Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by -freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of -this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with -the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by -keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project -Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in -a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check -the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement -before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or -creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project -Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning -the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United -States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate -access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently -whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, -copied or distributed: - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived -from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is -posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied -and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees -or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work -with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the -work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 -through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the -Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or -1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional -terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked -to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the -permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any -word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or -distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than -"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version -posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), -you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a -copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon -request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other -form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided -that - -- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is - owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he - has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the - Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments - must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you - prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax - returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and - sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the - address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to - the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." - -- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or - destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium - and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of - Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any - money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days - of receipt of the work. - -- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set -forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from -both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael -Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the -Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm -collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic -works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain -"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or -corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual -property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a -computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by -your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with -your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with -the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a -refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity -providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to -receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy -is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further -opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER -WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO -WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. -If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the -law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be -interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by -the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any -provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance -with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, -promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, -harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, -that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do -or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm -work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any -Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. - - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers -including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists -because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from -people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. -To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation -and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 -and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. - - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive -Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at -http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent -permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. -Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered -throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at -809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email -business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact -information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official -page at http://pglaf.org - -For additional contact information: - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To -SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any -particular state visit http://pglaf.org - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. -To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate - - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic -works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm -concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared -with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project -Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. - - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. -unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily -keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. - - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: - - http://www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - - -</pre> - +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43910 ***</div> </body> </html> |