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diff --git a/43876-h/43876-h.htm b/43876-h/43876-h.htm index 221064c..8369518 100644 --- a/43876-h/43876-h.htm +++ b/43876-h/43876-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of California Athabascan Groups, by Martin A. Baumhoff. @@ -109,44 +109,7 @@ div.titlepage p { </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -Project Gutenberg's California Athabascan Groups, by Martin A. Baumhoff - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: California Athabascan Groups - -Author: Martin A. Baumhoff - -Release Date: October 3, 2013 [EBook #43876] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALIFORNIA ATHABASCAN GROUPS *** - - - - -Produced by Colin Bell, Richard Tonsing, Joseph Cooper and -the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43876 ***</div> <div class="titlepage"> @@ -236,7 +199,7 @@ aboriginal situation that can now be arrived at.</p> <p>The Department of Anthropology hopes to be able to continue the work of studying and publishing the Merriam data on tribal distributions. It -takes this opportunity to express its appreciation of the coöperation of +takes this opportunity to express its appreciation of the coöperation of the Smithsonian Institution in this undertaking.</p> <p class="right"> @@ -580,8 +543,8 @@ cards, on each of which is typed the name,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15 pertinent data for a single village. Some of the lists are accompanied by maps, showing precise location of the villages. In the lists for which there are no maps but only verbal descriptions of the sites, -the township, range, and quarter section coördinates are given. The -township and range coördinates have been changed since Goddard's time, +the township, range, and quarter section coördinates are given. The +township and range coördinates have been changed since Goddard's time, in accordance with the more accurate surveys of the last thirty years, but county maps of the appropriate period provide a perfectly adequate way of locating Goddard's sites within a few hundred yards.</p> @@ -605,8 +568,8 @@ little about their way of life, except what can be gained by inference from the surrounding groups.</p> <p>The author's thanks are due to Dr. A. L. Kroeber and Dr. R. F. Heizer, -who gave their full coöperation throughout the preparation of the -present paper. Dr. Henry Sheffé was kind enough to advise on the +who gave their full coöperation throughout the preparation of the +present paper. Dr. Henry Sheffé was kind enough to advise on the statistics used in the section on population.</p> @@ -1006,7 +969,7 @@ Bear River Ridge as the line, and this version has been accepted.</p> runs north and south along Bald Hills Ridge, dividing the drainages of Redwood Creek and the Trinity River. Merriam gives the Hupa two divisions—the Tin-nung-hen-na-o, or Hupa proper, and the -Ts´ă-nung-whă, or Southern Hupa. The line dividing these two +Ts´ă-nung-whă, or Southern Hupa. The line dividing these two groups lies just north of the main Trinity to the east of South Fork and along Madden Creek to the west of South Fork. Kroeber (1925<i>a</i>, p. 129) and Goddard (1903<i>a</i>, p. 7) do not give any support for a linguistic @@ -1316,44 +1279,44 @@ place and tribal names which I present herewith.</p> <blockquote> -<p>Kato: to-chil´-pe ke´-ah-hahng</p> +<p>Kato: to-chil´-pe ke´-ah-hahng</p> -<p>Jackson V. people (inc. Branscom): sin´-kōk ke´-ah-hahng</p> +<p>Jackson V. people (inc. Branscom): sin´-kōk ke´-ah-hahng</p> -<p>Wailaki: we´-tah<sup>c</sup>h</p> +<p>Wailaki: we´-tah<sup>c</sup>h</p> -<p>Yuki of Round V.: chinch´</p> +<p>Yuki of Round V.: chinch´</p> -<p>Coast Yuki: bahng´-ke´-ah-hahng</p> +<p>Coast Yuki: bahng´-ke´-ah-hahng</p> -<p>Southern Sinkyone: ketch´-ing ke´-ah-hahng</p> +<p>Southern Sinkyone: ketch´-ing ke´-ah-hahng</p> <p>Tribe on the N side of Rattlesnake Cr. and E of South Fork Eel -division of Wailaki (?): tek´ ke´-ah-hahng</p> +division of Wailaki (?): tek´ ke´-ah-hahng</p> <p>Long V.: kin-tĕ<sup>hl</sup>-pe</p> <p>Laytonville: ten-tah<sup>ch</sup>-tung</p> -<p>Cahto Pond (now drained): to-chil´-pa</p> +<p>Cahto Pond (now drained): to-chil´-pa</p> -<p>Long V. Cr.: shah´-nah</p> +<p>Long V. Cr.: shah´-nah</p> -<p>South Fork Eel R.: nahs-ling´-che</p> +<p>South Fork Eel R.: nahs-ling´-che</p> -<p>Rattlesnake Cr.: tal-tlōl´-kwit</p> +<p>Rattlesnake Cr.: tal-tlōl´-kwit</p> -<p>Main Eel R.: tah-ke´-kwit</p> +<p>Main Eel R.: tah-ke´-kwit</p> -<p>Blue Rock: seng-chah´-tung</p> +<p>Blue Rock: seng-chah´-tung</p> <p>Bell Springs: sĕ<sup>ch</sup>-pis</p> <p>Round V.: kun-tel-chō-pe</p> -<p>Jackson V.: kus´-cho-che´-pe; kas-tos´ cheek´-be</p> +<p>Jackson V.: kus´-cho-che´-pe; kas-tos´ cheek´-be</p> -<p>Branscomb Mt.: kīk; chīs´-naw</p></blockquote> +<p>Branscomb Mt.: kīk; chīs´-naw</p></blockquote> <h4>VILLAGES</h4> @@ -1365,60 +1328,60 @@ sometimes a direct quotation but most often is paraphrased.</p> <blockquote> -<p>1. netce'līgût (B). At a point about 9 mi. nearly due W of +<p>1. netce'līgût (B). At a point about 9 mi. nearly due W of the town of Laytonville and about 3 mi. SE of the confluence of the E fork of the South Fork of Eel R. with the South Fork of Eel R. This village is on top of the ridge separating these two streams and is on the property of Mr. Jacob Lamb.</p> -<p>2. yictciLti'ñkût, "wolf something-lying-down creek" (B). On +<p>2. yictciLti'ñkût, "wolf something-lying-down creek" (B). On the S bank of Ten Mile Cr. at a point about 5 mi. WNW of the town of Laytonville.</p> -<p>3. sentca'ūkût, "rock big creek"; or kave'mato (Northern +<p>3. sentca'ūkût, "rock big creek"; or kave'mato (Northern Pomo dialect name), "rock big" (B). On Big Rock Cr. at a point about 1-1/2 mi. from its confluence with Ten Mile Cr., or about 5-1/2 mi. nearly due W of the town of Laytonville.</p> -<p>sen-chow´-ten (M). Kato name for their village at Big Rock, +<p>sen-chow´-ten (M). Kato name for their village at Big Rock, about 4 mi. N of their present rancheria in Long V.</p> <p>4. ka'ibi, "nuts in" (B). On the NE bank of Ten Mile Cr. at a point about 3 mi. downstream from the town of Laytonville.</p> -<p>5. nebō'cēgût, "ground hump on-top" (B). On what is +<p>5. nebō'cēgût, "ground hump on-top" (B). On what is known as the Wilson ranch at a point about 1 mi. W of Laytonville.</p> <p>6. seLgaitceli'nda, "rock white run-out" (B). About 300 yds. E of the house on what is known as the "old" John Reed ranch about 1 mi. N of Laytonville.</p> -<p>7. bûntcnōndi'lyi, "fly settle-upon under" (B). Just NW of +<p>7. bûntcnōndi'lyi, "fly settle-upon under" (B). Just NW of Laytonville and but a short distance from the place now occupied by the Indians near Laytonville.</p> <p>8. ko'cbi, "blackberry there" (B). About 1-1/2 mi. WSW of Laytonville and on the SW bank of the Ten Mile Cr.</p> -<p>9. tcībē'takût, "fir tips creek" (B). About a mile SW of +<p>9. tcībē'takût, "fir tips creek" (B). About a mile SW of the town of Laytonville and about 1/2 mi. up the creek which drains Cahto V. from its confluence with Ten Mile Cr.</p> <p>che-pa-tah-kut (M). A former village in the northern part of Long V. on the James White place.</p> -<p>10. distēgû'tsīū, "madrona crooked under" (B). On the +<p>10. distēgû'tsīū, "madrona crooked under" (B). On the western side of Long V. at a point about 2 mi. SSE of Laytonville.</p> <p>11. tōdji'Lbi, "water? ... in" (B). At the site now occupied by the Indians at Cahto. This site is on the W bank of the small creek running from Cahto into Ten Mile Cr.</p> -<p>12. bûntctenōndi'lkût, "fly low settle-upon creek" (B). On +<p>12. bûntctenōndi'lkût, "fly low settle-upon creek" (B). On the N bank of the northern branch of the head of the South Fork of the Eel R. at a point about a mile SSW of Cahto.</p> -<p>13. kûcyī'ūyetōkût, "alder under water creek" (B). On +<p>13. kûcyī'ūyetōkût, "alder under water creek" (B). On the N bank of the South Fork of Eel R. at a point about 3 mi. SW of Cahto. This site is about 1/2 mi. E of the ranch house on the Clark ranch.</p> @@ -1427,17 +1390,17 @@ ranch.</p> the village was situated under a projecting ridge. On the S bank of the South Fork of Eel R. at a point about 3 mi. S of Branscomb.</p> -<p>15. sēne'tckût, "rock gravel creek" (B). On the NW bank +<p>15. sēne'tckût, "rock gravel creek" (B). On the NW bank of the small stream known as Mud Springs Cr., which is tributary to the South Fork of Eel R. This site is about 3 mi. a little S of E of Branscomb. There are on this creek, and not far from this village site, several springs which flow a very thin blueish mud, thus giving the creek its name.</p> -<p>16. tontce'kût, "water bad creek" (B). About 1/4 mi. W of the +<p>16. tontce'kût, "water bad creek" (B). About 1/4 mi. W of the South Fork of Eel R. and about 1 mi. SW of Branscomb.</p> -<p>17. senansa'<sup>n</sup>kût, "rock hang-down creek" (B). On the E bank +<p>17. senansa'<sup>n</sup>kût, "rock hang-down creek" (B). On the E bank of the South Fork of Eel R. at a point about 1-1/2 mi. downstream from Branscomb.</p></blockquote> @@ -1484,7 +1447,7 @@ in his Hupa village lists (Curtis, 1924, Vol. 13).</p> <p>The second source is the notes of Goddard, who did extensive work in the area in 1906 (Goddard, 1909), though mostly on language and myth. His notes contain information on two villages, neither of which can be -located because the township and range coördinates have been changed +located because the township and range coördinates have been changed since the time of recording and also because the name of the creek mentioned does not appear on maps in my possession. The two cards bearing the information have the penciled notations 51 and 52 written @@ -1501,10 +1464,10 @@ villages is therefore correspondingly incomplete.</p> N., R. 15 W. On a flat 200 yds. N of Blue Hill Cr. and 150 yds. W of the river. There are 3 deep pits on the eastern edge of the higher flat. Bill thought there were 3 others 100 yds. S where a -white man's house had stood, ne'<sup>ƚ</sup>sōkī kīyahûn.</p> +white man's house had stood, ne'<sup>ƚ</sup>sōkī kīyahûn.</p> <p>t'unƚtcintcki, "leaves black tail" W sec. 26, T. 22 N., R. -15 W. On the higher bank 50 yds. N of tûnƚtcintckwōt, the +15 W. On the higher bank 50 yds. N of tûnƚtcintckwōt, the next creek N of Blue Hill Cr. and 400 yds. W of the river. There is timber W. Dr. Wilson used to live there. The site has been plowed. Bill counted six places where he thought houses had been.</p> @@ -1687,7 +1650,7 @@ ethnographic facts.</p> <td></td> <td>n</td> <td></td> - <td>ñ</td> + <td>ñ</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -1821,7 +1784,7 @@ orthographies.</p> <td>n (occasionally ng, once not recorded at all)</td> </tr> <tr> - <td>ñ </td> + <td>ñ </td> <td>ng (occasionally n, twice not recorded at all)</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -1890,24 +1853,24 @@ further subdivided. </p> <p>I. There is close agreement on the boundaries of the northernmost Wailaki tribelet on the western side of the Eel. Merriam gives the -names kun-nun´-dung ke´-ah-hahng, ki´-kot-ke-ah-hahng, ki-ketch-e -kā-ah-hahng, and ki-ke´-che ke´-ah-hahng as designations for the +names kun-nun´-dung ke´-ah-hahng, ki´-kot-ke-ah-hahng, ki-ketch-e +kā-ah-hahng, and ki-ke´-che ke´-ah-hahng as designations for the group. He says the territory of this group runs from Chamise Creek in the north to Pine Creek in the south. Goddard gives the same name (rendered kaikitcEkaiya) and the same boundaries for the group.</p> <p>The territory north of Chamise Creek on the west side of the river is -assigned by Merriam to the taht´-so ke´ah tribelet of the Lassik. This +assigned by Merriam to the taht´-so ke´ah tribelet of the Lassik. This attribution would seem to indicate that Merriam has put his northern Wailaki boundary too far north, that it should hit the Eel at Chamise Creek rather than at Kekawaka Creek. Goddard calls these people the daƚsokaiya, "blue ground people," which no doubt corresponds to -taht´-so ke´ah. He says, "It is doubtful that they should be counted as +taht´-so ke´ah. He says, "It is doubtful that they should be counted as Wailaki, but they were not Lassik and probably spoke the same dialect as the Wailaki."</p> -<p>II. This tribelet is called sĕ-tah´-be ke´-ah-hahng or -sā-tah´-ke-ahng by Merriam. In one place his notes say that the +<p>II. This tribelet is called sĕ-tah´-be ke´-ah-hahng or +sā-tah´-ke-ahng by Merriam. In one place his notes say that the territory includes land on both sides of the Eel, running south of Indian Creek on the western side. This is clearly not so, for he refers several times to a different tribelet occupying that area. That the @@ -1919,19 +1882,19 @@ south as the boundaries. Goddard's name for the tribelet is sEtakaiya.</p> whose territory was bounded on the north by Natoikot Creek and extended south to a point opposite the mouth of North Fork. His name for this group is taticcokaiya. Merriam's name for the group in this general area -is tah-chis´-tin ke-ah-hahng. He does not give any boundaries for them.</p> +is tah-chis´-tin ke-ah-hahng. He does not give any boundaries for them.</p> <p>IV. and V. Merriam gives the following names for the tribelet occupying -the territory around Blue Rock and Bell Springs Creeks: tsi-to´-ting -ke´-ah, from the name of Bell Springs Mountain; sen-chah´-ke´-ah; -sĕ-so ke´-ah-hahng, "Blue Rock Band"; then´-chah-tung kā´-ah, +the territory around Blue Rock and Bell Springs Creeks: tsi-to´-ting +ke´-ah, from the name of Bell Springs Mountain; sen-chah´-ke´-ah; +sĕ-so ke´-ah-hahng, "Blue Rock Band"; then´-chah-tung kā´-ah, "Blue Rock Band." On the other hand, he gives the following names for the people who occupied the west bank of the Eel for a mile or more south of the mouth of North Fork: nin-ken-nētch kā-ah-hahng; -nung-ken-ne-tse´ ke´-ah; nĕ-tahs´ ke-ah-hahng. Goddard says that the +nung-ken-ne-tse´ ke´-ah; nĕ-tahs´ ke-ah-hahng. Goddard says that the entire stretch from the mouth of North Fork south to Blue Rock Creek on the west bank of the river was occupied by a single tribelet called -nIñkannitckaiya, a name clearly corresponding to Merriam's names for the +nIñkannitckaiya, a name clearly corresponding to Merriam's names for the people on the west bank of the Eel, south of North Fork. I am inclined to think that Merriam is correct and that there were two tribelets in this area. Merriam's notes include five different references to the @@ -1941,36 +1904,36 @@ division line no doubt falls a mile or two north of Bell Springs Creek.</p> <p>VI. On the eastern side of the river Merriam gives two names for the tribelet holding the land south from Kekawaka Creek. He says the -yu-e-yet´-te ke´-ah was the tribelet north of Chamise Creek. Their -southernmost village, called sko´-teng, was on the east side of the -river a half-mile or a mile south of Kekawaka Creek. The sko´-den ke´-ah +yu-e-yet´-te ke´-ah was the tribelet north of Chamise Creek. Their +southernmost village, called sko´-teng, was on the east side of the +river a half-mile or a mile south of Kekawaka Creek. The sko´-den ke´-ah Merriam gives as the name of the tribelet on the east side of the Eel River and about a half-mile south of Kekawaka Creek. Goddard gives -iƚkodAñkaiya, corresponding to Merriam's sko´-den ke´-ah, as the +iƚkodAñkaiya, corresponding to Merriam's sko´-den ke´-ah, as the name of the group extending from about two miles south of the mouth of Chamise Creek nearly to the mouth of Kekawaka Creek. Both Merriam and Goddard indicate some doubt whether these people were Wailaki.</p> <p>VII. Merriam gives the names chēs-kot kē-ah-hahng, -chis´-ko-ke´-ah, and tōs-ahng´-kut for the tribelet living in +chis´-ko-ke´-ah, and tōs-ahng´-kut for the tribelet living in Horseshoe Bend. The first two names come from the word chis-kot, the name for Copper Mine Creek. Goddard also gives these last two names for -the group (written tciskokaiya and tosAñkaiya, "water stands people"), +the group (written tciskokaiya and tosAñkaiya, "water stands people"), and he says their territory includes the land between Copper Mine Creek on the south and a point a mile or two south of Chamise Creek on the north.</p> -<p>VIII. Goddard says that a tribelet named slakaiya or sEyadAñkaiya +<p>VIII. Goddard says that a tribelet named slakaiya or sEyadAñkaiya occupied the territory between Copper Mine Creek in the north and Willow -Creek in the south. Merriam gives the name nung-ken-ne-tse´ ke´-ah to +Creek in the south. Merriam gives the name nung-ken-ne-tse´ ke´-ah to this group, which he locates on the east side of the Eel River at Island Mountain. He gives no boundaries for the group.</p> <p>IX. Merriam gives two names for the tribelet occupying the Indian Creek -region. The chen-nes´-no-ke´-ah was the band on chen-nes-no´-kot Creek +region. The chen-nes´-no-ke´-ah was the band on chen-nes-no´-kot Creek (Indian Cr.) from Lake Mountain to the Eel River; he also writes this name ken-nis-no-kut ke-ah-hahng. His other name for the group has the -variants bas-kā´-ah-hahng, bas-ki´-yah, bus-kā-ah-hahng. This +variants bas-kā´-ah-hahng, bas-ki´-yah, bus-kā-ah-hahng. This group is said to have been on the east side of the Eel River a mile or two north of Indian Creek (in the Fenton Range country). Goddard gives the name bAskaiya, "slide people," corresponding to the last of @@ -1983,23 +1946,23 @@ Creek south to the mouth of North Fork. Goddard says the region was occupied by a tribelet called sEƚtchikyokaiya, "rock red large people."</p> -<p>XI. Merriam says the sā´-tan-do´-che ke´-ah-hahng was the name of +<p>XI. Merriam says the sā´-tan-do´-che ke´-ah-hahng was the name of a tribelet on the north side of North Fork and about a half-mile from its junction with the main Eel. The name means "rock reaching into the -water." Goddard's name for this same group is sEtandoñkiyahAñ, a clear +water." Goddard's name for this same group is sEtandoñkiyahAñ, a clear correspondence, and he indicates that their land was on about the last mile of North Fork.</p> <p>XII. According to Merriam the next group up North Fork was named -sĕ-cho ke´-ah-hahng. Its land was on the north side of North Fork a +sĕ-cho ke´-ah-hahng. Its land was on the north side of North Fork a mile or more above its mouth. Goddard has the same name for the group, -sEtcokiyahAñ; he says the people occupied both the north and south sides +sEtcokiyahAñ; he says the people occupied both the north and south sides of a one-mile stretch of North Fork beginning a little way below the mouth of Wilson Creek and extending downstream from there.</p> -<p>XIII. Merriam says ki´-ye ke´-ah-hahng was the name of the tribelet on +<p>XIII. Merriam says ki´-ye ke´-ah-hahng was the name of the tribelet on both sides of North Fork at the mouth of Wilson Creek. This is in accord -with Goddard's data. He gives the name as kAiyEkiyahAñ. Neither Goddard +with Goddard's data. He gives the name as kAiyEkiyahAñ. Neither Goddard nor Merriam gives the limits of this group up North Fork. Presumably they coincide with the tribal boundary.</p> @@ -2047,7 +2010,7 @@ Cr.</p> of the wife of Wylakki Tip so there is no doubt that they are referring to the same village.]</p> -<p>2. kun-tes-che´-kut (M). Said to have been a Wailaki village +<p>2. kun-tes-che´-kut (M). Said to have been a Wailaki village on the W side of the Eel R. a half-mile N of Horseshoe Bend Tunnel, probably nearly opposite Horseshoe Bend Cr. (Tip).</p> @@ -2055,43 +2018,43 @@ probably nearly opposite Horseshoe Bend Cr. (Tip).</p> Bend. Horseshoe Bend Cr. appears to enter the Eel from the E about a mile S of Boulder Cr. If Goddard's kAntEltcEk'At is really kAntEƚtcEk'At, with the bar on the "l" dropped in error, then -these names are nearly the same. If so, kun-tes-che´-kut might +these names are nearly the same. If so, kun-tes-che´-kut might be the name of village no. 1 even though the location differs slightly.]</p> <p>3. basEtcEƚgalk'At, "throw stone outside on" (G). On the western side of the Eel, just N of the mouth of Pine Cr.</p> -<p>4. sEdAkk'añdAñ, "rock ridge place" (G). On the point of the +<p>4. sEdAkk'añdAñ, "rock ridge place" (G). On the point of the ridge around which the Eel turns toward the W at Horseshoe Bend.</p> -<p>5. kit-te-ken-nĕ´-din (Tip), kit-ken-nĕ-tung (Maj) (M). +<p>5. kit-te-ken-nĕ´-din (Tip), kit-ken-nĕ-tung (Maj) (M). At or near the S end of Horseshoe Bend Tunnel. It was the biggest village of the tribelet and was said to have been the native village of the father of Wylakki Tip.</p> -<p>sĕ-tah´-be (M). A large village on the W side of the Eel +<p>sĕ-tah´-be (M). A large village on the W side of the Eel River just S of Horseshoe Bend Tunnel near Island Mt. Station. It was nearly opposite the mouth of Copper Mine Cr.</p> -<p>tcInnagañtcEdai, "eye closed door" (G). At the base of the +<p>tcInnagañtcEdai, "eye closed door" (G). At the base of the ridge described in no. 4. It was said to have been the home of Captain Jim.</p> <p>[These names may or may not refer to the same village. If -they do, it is likely that Merriam's kit-te-ken-nĕ´-din is the -correct one. His sĕ-tah´-be evidently refers to the name of +they do, it is likely that Merriam's kit-te-ken-nĕ´-din is the +correct one. His sĕ-tah´-be evidently refers to the name of the tribelet, sEtakaiya, given by both him and Goddard. Goddard's designation looks as though it might very well refer to the tunnel and thus would be very modern.]</p> -<p>6. lacEƚkotcEdAñ, "buckeye small hole place" (G). This +<p>6. lacEƚkotcEdAñ, "buckeye small hole place" (G). This seems to have been only a few hundred yards S of Horseshoe Bend.</p> <p>7. kaigAntcik'At, "wind blows up on" (G). A big winter camp about 1/4 mi. S of Horseshoe Bend.</p> -<p>8. sait'otcEdadAñ, "sand point on" (G). Also about 1/4 mi. S +<p>8. sait'otcEdadAñ, "sand point on" (G). Also about 1/4 mi. S of Horseshoe Bend but was about 500 ft. above the river near a big spring.</p> @@ -2110,13 +2073,13 @@ village with this name was situated on the N side of the mouth of this creek. It was the home of the father of the wife of Wylakki Tip.</p> -<p>12. IsgaidadAbbIñlai (G). N of the creek mentioned in no. 11 +<p>12. IsgaidadAbbIñlai (G). N of the creek mentioned in no. 11 but on higher ground away from the river.</p> <p>13. ƚtAgtcEbi', "black oaks in" (G). About a mile N of Natoikot Cr. on a flat above the river.</p> -<p>14. sEnagatcEdAñ, "stones walk around place" (G). About 200 +<p>14. sEnagatcEdAñ, "stones walk around place" (G). About 200 yds. N of no. 15.</p> <p>15. sEƚsokyok'At, "stone blue large on" (G). About 1/2 mi. @@ -2133,18 +2096,18 @@ a little more than a mile N of the mouth of North Fork and opposite the mouth of Cottonwood Cr. It was close to a fishing place that the tribelet shared with the bAskaiya tribelet.</p> -<p>18. tah-tēs-cho´-tung, tah-tēs-cho´-ting, tah-chis´-ting +<p>18. tah-tēs-cho´-tung, tah-tēs-cho´-ting, tah-chis´-ting (M). 1/2 mi. or more N of the mouth of North Fork on the W side of the main Eel.</p> -<p>taticcodAñ (G). In a grove of oaks about 1/4 mi. downstream +<p>taticcodAñ (G). In a grove of oaks about 1/4 mi. downstream from the mouth of North Fork on the W side of the Eel.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span></p> -<p>19. ne´-tahs, ning-ken-ne´-tset (M). Ne´-tahs is the name of +<p>19. ne´-tahs, ning-ken-ne´-tset (M). Ne´-tahs is the name of the town on a rocky stretch of the river. The town ran for a mile -or more S of the mouth of North Fork (Maj). Ning-ken-ne´-tset was +or more S of the mouth of North Fork (Maj). Ning-ken-ne´-tset was the name of the village which was at the fishing place opposite the mouth of North Fork and extending S. It was also called "fishtown." Tip's mother lived there (Tip).</p> @@ -2160,9 +2123,9 @@ Cr. It was named for the large rock beneath which it stood.</p> <p>21. tcoƚAttcik'At, "graveyard on" (G). A large village on the western side of the river a few hundred yards downstream from -the mouth of djoñkot.</p> +the mouth of djoñkot.</p> -<p>[The stream that Goddard calls djoñkot seems to be the one +<p>[The stream that Goddard calls djoñkot seems to be the one that appears on the modern maps as Cinch Cr.; that is the only one in the vicinity. On his map it is shown entering the Eel about a mile downstream from the mouth of Bell Springs Cr. but it is @@ -2171,7 +2134,7 @@ scant hundred yards from its mouth. On the assumption that Cinch Cr. is, in fact, the stream that Goddard meant to indicate I have moved the village about a mile to the S.]</p> -<p>22. sa'kAntEƚdAñ, "beaver valley place" (G). About midway +<p>22. sa'kAntEƚdAñ, "beaver valley place" (G). About midway between the mouth of Blue Rock Cr. and Bell Springs Cr. on a fine large flat.</p></blockquote> @@ -2182,36 +2145,36 @@ large flat.</p></blockquote> <p>23. sEƚkaibi, "make a noise in the throat" (G). Opposite the mouth of Chamise Cr.</p> -<p>24. tcadEtokInnEdAñ (G). Located only approximately—in +<p>24. tcadEtokInnEdAñ (G). Located only approximately—in Horseshoe Bend at the point where the river turns toward the NE.</p> -<p>25. k'AcsAndAñ, "alder stands place" (G). About a mile +<p>25. k'AcsAndAñ, "alder stands place" (G). About a mile downstream from the point where the river turns W at Horseshoe Bend.</p> -<p>26. sEtcokInnEdAñ, "rock large its base place" (G). About 1/2 +<p>26. sEtcokInnEdAñ, "rock large its base place" (G). About 1/2 mi. downstream from the point where the river turns toward the W at Horseshoe Bend.</p> -<p>27. nEtcEdEtcAñk'At, "ground rolling on" (G). A short distance +<p>27. nEtcEdEtcAñk'At, "ground rolling on" (G). A short distance W of the mouth of Copper Mine Cr. (Tunnel Cr.).</p> <p>28. dAndaitcAmbi, "flint hole in" (G). On the downstream side of the mouth of Copper Mine Cr. (Tunnel Cr.).</p> <p>29. taht-aht (M). On the E side of the Eel R. at Horseshoe -Bend and opposite sĕ-tah´-be. It was a big town (Tip).</p> +Bend and opposite sĕ-tah´-be. It was a big town (Tip).</p> -<p>kaitcIlIñtadAñ, "Christmas berries among place" (G). There +<p>kaitcIlIñtadAñ, "Christmas berries among place" (G). There was a graveyard about 1/4 mi. N of the village and just beyond the graveyard was Copper Mine Cr.</p> -<p>30. to-chĕ´-ting (M). A big village on the E side of the -Eel R. at Horseshoe Bend (opposite sĕ-tah´-be), only a short +<p>30. to-chĕ´-ting (M). A big village on the E side of the +Eel R. at Horseshoe Bend (opposite sĕ-tah´-be), only a short distance S of taht-aht (Tip). It was probably less than 1/4 mi. S of Island Mt. Station on the opposite side of the river.</p> -<p>kaslInkyodAñ. "spring large place" (G). On the E bank of the -river about 300 yds. S of kaitcIlIñtadAñ, or about 1/2 mi. S of +<p>kaslInkyodAñ. "spring large place" (G). On the E bank of the +river about 300 yds. S of kaitcIlIñtadAñ, or about 1/2 mi. S of Copper Mine Cr.</p> <p>[The names of these two villages are not the same at all and @@ -2219,11 +2182,11 @@ since Goddard gives many villages in the near vicinity the chances are good that the names do not represent the same village.]</p> <p>31. kaslInkyobi, "spring large in" (G). A rock shelter near -Goddard's kaslInkyodAñ. A family used to spend the winter here. +Goddard's kaslInkyodAñ. A family used to spend the winter here. Captain Jim's father-in-law was left here to die after he had been wounded by the whites.</p> -<p>32. skEtcEƚkascanAñ, "mush thrown away sunny place" (G). +<p>32. skEtcEƚkascanAñ, "mush thrown away sunny place" (G). Evidently situated about a mile S of Copper Mine Cr., where the river makes a slight turn toward the N. Here there is a flat 50 ft. higher than the river and 150 ft. from it, in which 17 house pits @@ -2233,10 +2196,10 @@ face of this rock and is washed away each winter. The thickness of the deposit is supposed to indicate the abundance of the year's acorn crop.</p> -<p>33. ah-chahng´-ket (M). On the E side of the Eel a mile or two +<p>33. ah-chahng´-ket (M). On the E side of the Eel a mile or two S of Horseshoe Bend. It was more than a mile S of to-che-ting (Tip).</p> -<p>akyañk'At, "right here on" (G). Some distance N of Willow Cr. +<p>akyañk'At, "right here on" (G). Some distance N of Willow Cr. and on the river.</p> <p>[These two names doubtless represent the same village but @@ -2244,23 +2207,23 @@ neither Merriam nor Goddard gives a very exact location for it.]</p> <p>34. slAsyanbi', "squirrels they eat in" (G). Only a short distance S of Willow Cr. and back from the river near -nEƚtcAñk'At. slAsyañkot was an alternate name for Willow Cr. and +nEƚtcAñk'At. slAsyañkot was an alternate name for Willow Cr. and the name of the village was derived from this.</p> -<p>35. nĕ-chung-ket´ (M). On the E side of the river about -1/2 mi. S of ah-chahng´-ket (Tip). The inhabitants were called -nĕ´-chung ke-ah-hahng (Maj and Tip).</p> +<p>35. nĕ-chung-ket´ (M). On the E side of the river about +1/2 mi. S of ah-chahng´-ket (Tip). The inhabitants were called +nĕ´-chung ke-ah-hahng (Maj and Tip).</p> -<p>nEƚtcAñk'At, "ground black on" (G). Said to have been the +<p>nEƚtcAñk'At, "ground black on" (G). Said to have been the second one S of Willow Cr.</p> <p>[It is evident that both Merriam and Goddard have the same name here. Goddard's location is more precise and thus has been accepted.]</p> -<p>36. dabAstci'Añdañ, "ants' nest place" (G). A little way S +<p>36. dabAstci'Añdañ, "ants' nest place" (G). A little way S of the mouth of Willow Cr. The name comes from the name of Willow -Cr.—dabActci'Añkot.</p> +Cr.—dabActci'Añkot.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span></p> @@ -2277,14 +2240,14 @@ Indian Cr. The large village appears to have stood just a little E of the NW corner of sec. 36, T. 5 S., R 6 E. Its inhabitants were exterminated by mixed bands of white men and Kekawaka Indians.</p> -<p>40. tah-bus-che-sahng´-tung (M). A small village in the hills +<p>40. tah-bus-che-sahng´-tung (M). A small village in the hills 1 mi. E of the Eel R. and 1 mile S of Indian Cr. (Maj).</p> <p>41. sEƚtcikyok'At, "red rock large on" (G). 1/4 mi. N of the first creek downstream from North Fork on the E bank of the main Eel.</p> -<p>42. chug´-ge´-tah (M). A small village on the E side of the +<p>42. chug´-ge´-tah (M). A small village on the E side of the Eel N of the mouth of North Fork (Maj). It was about 2 mi. S of Indian Cr.</p> @@ -2296,11 +2259,11 @@ to the W of this rock and was named for it.</p> same place but Merriam's location is so indefinite that their identity is uncertain.]</p> -<p>43. kaiƚtcitadAñ, "redbud place" (G). A short distance N +<p>43. kaiƚtcitadAñ, "redbud place" (G). A short distance N of the mouth of North Fork a ridge runs down to the river. On the northern side of the ridge a village was situated.</p> -<p>44. tōn-klan´-be-ko-cho´-be (M). On the E side of the Eel +<p>44. tōn-klan´-be-ko-cho´-be (M). On the E side of the Eel on the northern side of the mouth of North Fork (Tip).</p> <p>tonƚEmbi', "streams come together in" (G). Situated on a @@ -2311,11 +2274,11 @@ them being large and deep.</p> <p>[These two sites are evidently the same, since both the names and the locations match.]</p> -<p>45. sā´-tan-do´-che ke´-ah-hahng (M). In a rocky stretch on +<p>45. sā´-tan-do´-che ke´-ah-hahng (M). In a rocky stretch on the N side of the North Fork about 1/2 mi. above its junction with the main Eel. The name means "rock reaching into water."</p> -<p>sEtandoñtci, "rock runs to the water" (G). On the N bank of +<p>sEtandoñtci, "rock runs to the water" (G). On the N bank of North Fork about 1/2 mi. above the mouth.</p> <p>46. sEntciyE, "rock large under" (G). About 3/4 mi. above the @@ -2323,7 +2286,7 @@ mouth of North Fork. The rock for which it was named, with a large spruce tree, stands opposite the village site, on the S side of the stream.</p> -<p>47. sĕ-cho-ke´-ah-hahng (M). A village and band at +<p>47. sĕ-cho-ke´-ah-hahng (M). A village and band at sĕ-cho, "big rock," on the N side of the North Fork of the Eel a mile or more above its mouth. "Thousands of Indians killed here" (Maj).</p> @@ -2353,22 +2316,22 @@ a house on the site.</p> <p>51. totAkk'At, "between water" (G). Summer camp a little way below the mouth of Wilson Cr. on the N side of North Fork.</p> -<p>52. seƚtcidadAñ, "stone red mouth place" (G). An old +<p>52. seƚtcidadAñ, "stone red mouth place" (G). An old village, occupied before the whites came. It stood between no. 11 and the mouth of Wilson Cr.</p> -<p>53. nolEtcotadAñ, "water falls large among" (G). On the N side +<p>53. nolEtcotadAñ, "water falls large among" (G). On the N side of North Fork about 1/2 mi. below Wilson Cr. It was on two levels; one near the stream, the other on a terrace some yards N.</p> -<p>54. ki´-ye ke´-ah-hahng (M). On North Fork at the mouth of +<p>54. ki´-ye ke´-ah-hahng (M). On North Fork at the mouth of Wilson Cr. and covering both sides of North Fork and Wilson Cr. (Maj).</p> <p>[This name is evidently the same as Goddard's name for the -tribelet on North Fork above Wilson Cr.—kAiyEkiyahAñ.]</p> +tribelet on North Fork above Wilson Cr.—kAiyEkiyahAñ.]</p> -<p>55. sEnEsbInnAñkai, "rock tall its slope" (G). On the northern +<p>55. sEnEsbInnAñkai, "rock tall its slope" (G). On the northern side of North Fork and about midway E and W of sec. 12, T. 24 N., R. 14 W. is a tall rock called sEnEs. Just W of this was the village.</p> @@ -2378,7 +2341,7 @@ of North Fork opposite the tall rock mentioned in no. 55. The informant said his uncle remembered the building of the dance house when he was a small boy.</p> -<p>57. sā´-yahs kun´-dung (M). A fishing camp for drying +<p>57. sā´-yahs kun´-dung (M). A fishing camp for drying salmon at Fishtown Spring or Upgraff fishery on North Fork about 5 mi. up, "march till creek dries up."</p> @@ -2387,7 +2350,7 @@ place name whereas the former is not, so far as I can see.]</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span></p> -<p>58. sEnEstconatAñkai, "rock tall large crossing" (G). A small +<p>58. sEnEstconatAñkai, "rock tall large crossing" (G). A small stream comes into North Fork about 1-1/2 mi. above Wilson Cr. The village of this name was situated 1/2 mi. S of North Fork and just to the W of this tributary. The village had not been occupied in @@ -2397,18 +2360,18 @@ the memory of the informants.</p> situated on the S side of North Fork just above the mouth of the stream mentioned in no. 58 (G).</p> -<p>60. sāh-gah´-ket, se-kah´-ke-ah-ahng, se-ki´-ah-hahng (M). +<p>60. sāh-gah´-ket, se-kah´-ke-ah-ahng, se-ki´-ah-hahng (M). A rancheria on the E side of the Eel R. on the S side of the mouth -of North Fork (named for sā-gah-nah´-ting, the name of the land +of North Fork (named for sā-gah-nah´-ting, the name of the land on the S side of the mouth of North Fork in the angle between the two rivers) (Tip).</p> -<p>kaiƚtcitadAñ, "redbud place" (G). This was apparently near -Merriam's sāh-gah´-ket.</p> +<p>kaiƚtcitadAñ, "redbud place" (G). This was apparently near +Merriam's sāh-gah´-ket.</p> <p>[These different names may not represent the same village. If these were two villages, they were very close together. Goddard -gives kaiƚtcitadAñ as the name of another village N of North +gives kaiƚtcitadAñ as the name of another village N of North Fork (no. 43) so it may be an error here (see pl. 11, b for a view of this region).]</p> @@ -2416,9 +2379,9 @@ of this region).]</p> the river a short distance above McDonald Cr. The Indians lived here in the winter.</p> -<p>62. ne-che´-cho-ket (M). On the E side of the Eel about a mile +<p>62. ne-che´-cho-ket (M). On the E side of the Eel about a mile S of the mouth of North Fork. It was apparently opposite part of -the elongate village ning-ken-ne´-tset (no. 19). "Salmon stop here; +the elongate village ning-ken-ne´-tset (no. 19). "Salmon stop here; great fishing; rocky place; Red Hill ground" (Tip).</p> <p>nEƚtcikyok'at, "ground red large on" (G). On a point of @@ -2431,25 +2394,25 @@ the mouth of McDonald Creek a number of large rocks lie in the bed of the river. This place is called nEtacbi', 'land slide in,' and seems to have been a noted fishing place."]</p> -<p>63. sah-nah´-chung-kut, sah-nah-chin´-che ke´-ah-hahng (M). +<p>63. sah-nah´-chung-kut, sah-nah-chin´-che ke´-ah-hahng (M). On the E side of the Eel R. 1-1/2 or 2 mi. S of the mouth of North Fork and near McDonald Cr. (Tip).</p> -<p>64. sel-di´-kot (M). On the E side of the Eel R. S of Bell +<p>64. sel-di´-kot (M). On the E side of the Eel R. S of Bell Springs Cr. (Maj).</p> -<p>65. sĕ-ski´-cho-ding (M). Claimed as a Wailaki village +<p>65. sĕ-ski´-cho-ding (M). Claimed as a Wailaki village on the E side of the Eel R. at White Rock near Big Bend. On the opposite side of the river from Bell Springs Station (Tip).</p> -<p>seƚGaitcodAñ (G). On a flat on the E side of the river. +<p>seƚGaitcodAñ (G). On a flat on the E side of the river. "The east and west section line dividing sections 84 and 85 of T. 24 N., R. 14 W. was noted as passing through this flat."</p> <p>[These two names doubtless represent the same village; the names are similar and the locations are the same.]</p> -<p>66. chin-to´-bin-nung (M). On the upper part of McDonald Cr., +<p>66. chin-to´-bin-nung (M). On the upper part of McDonald Cr., about 3 mi. up from the Eel (Maj).</p> <p>67. chus-nah-teg-gul-lah chen-ne-tung (M). An old village @@ -2469,38 +2432,38 @@ Alderpoint (1951), Hoaglin (1935), Leggett (1952), and Spyrock (1952).</p> <blockquote> -<p>Asbill Cr.—djoñot (G).</p> +<p>Asbill Cr.—djoñot (G).</p> -<p>Bell Springs Cr.—sAlt´okot (G).</p> +<p>Bell Springs Cr.—sAlt´okot (G).</p> -<p>Bell Springs Mt.—tsi-to´-ting; si-to´-ting (M). This is the +<p>Bell Springs Mt.—tsi-to´-ting; si-to´-ting (M). This is the mountain cut through by Bell Springs Cr.</p> <p>Bell Springs Station (native name for the site of the -station)—sah´-ten´-tĕ´-te; sah-ten-tĕ<sup>hl</sup>-tĕ (M). Bell +station)—sah´-ten´-tĕ´-te; sah-ten-tĕ<sup>hl</sup>-tĕ (M). Bell Springs Station is on the W side of the Eel about halfway between Blue Rock Cr. and Bell Springs Cr., about the same place as village 22. In fact, Merriam's names for this site may correspond to -Goddard's name for village 22, sa'kAntEƚdAñ.</p> +Goddard's name for village 22, sa'kAntEƚdAñ.</p> <p>Big Bend Cr.—dAndaikot (G).</p> -<p>Blue Rock—sen-chah´-tung (M). Evidently this is near Blue +<p>Blue Rock—sen-chah´-tung (M). Evidently this is near Blue Rock Cr.</p> -<p>Chamise Cr.—sah-nah´-ting; shah-nah-ting (M); canAndAñkot (G).</p> +<p>Chamise Cr.—sah-nah´-ting; shah-nah-ting (M); canAndAñkot (G).</p> -<p>Chamise Cr. crossing—ses-ki´-be (M).</p> +<p>Chamise Cr. crossing—ses-ki´-be (M).</p> -<p>Chamise Cr., mouth of—sun-ti´-che, soon-di´-che (M).</p> +<p>Chamise Cr., mouth of—sun-ti´-che, soon-di´-che (M).</p> -<p>Cinch Cr.—djoñkot (G). Goddard evidently has this creek +<p>Cinch Cr.—djoñkot (G). Goddard evidently has this creek placed incorrectly on his map. If I understand his description, it should be a tributary of Bell Springs Cr. rather than of the Eel R. directly.</p> <p>Copper Mine Cr. (Tunnel Cr. on the more recent -maps)—chis´-kot, chēs-kot (M); tciskot (G). Both Merriam and +maps)—chis´-kot, chēs-kot (M); tciskot (G). Both Merriam and Goddard say that this name refers to red paint and was probably suggested by the color of the water in the creek. This is also responsible for the English name.</p> @@ -2508,10 +2471,10 @@ responsible for the English name.</p> <p>Cottonwood Cr.—tgActcEkot (G). The English name is a translation of the Wailaki name. The creek is unnamed on USGS maps.</p> -<p>Dawson Flat—choo´-e-kun-tes´-te (M). This flat was W of Lake +<p>Dawson Flat—choo´-e-kun-tes´-te (M). This flat was W of Lake Mt. between Horse Ranch and Fenton Ranch.</p> -<p>Eel R.—tan´-cho-kut (M). Eel R. valley—bus´-be (M). This +<p>Eel R.—tan´-cho-kut (M). Eel R. valley—bus´-be (M). This name refers to a part of the valley of the main Eel R., especially the E side, between Horseshoe Bend and North Fork.</p> @@ -2522,96 +2485,96 @@ the E side, between Horseshoe Bend and North Fork.</p> <p>Eel R., Middle Fork—tahng-cho-skus (M). The junction of the Middle Fork with the main Eel was called tōs-kahs-kā.</p> -<p>Eel R., North Fork—bah´-ne-kut (M); banikot (G).</p> +<p>Eel R., North Fork—bah´-ne-kut (M); banikot (G).</p> -<p>Eel R.-North Fork junction—chā-lin´-ding, klā-lin-ding +<p>Eel R.-North Fork junction—chā-lin´-ding, klā-lin-ding (M).</p> -<p>Harris region—tah-sahn-ting´, tahs-ahng (M). Harris is a +<p>Harris region—tah-sahn-ting´, tahs-ahng (M). Harris is a small town about 8 mi. W of the main Eel R. in the territory of the Lassik (according to Merriam's boundaries).</p> -<p>Hettenshaw Valley—ken-tes´-tung (M). This valley is in Lassik +<p>Hettenshaw Valley—ken-tes´-tung (M). This valley is in Lassik territory about 12 mi. N of the Wailaki boundary. It lies between the headwaters of the North Fork of the Eel and the headwaters of the Van Duzen R.</p> -<p>Horse Ranch Cr.—kus´-ken-tes´-be (M); canAñtcakot (G). These +<p>Horse Ranch Cr.—kus´-ken-tes´-be (M); canAñtcakot (G). These are clearly not the same names but sometimes streams have alternate names. Cf. Willow Cr. below.</p> <p>Horseshoe Bend—chēs (M). The bend is named for the red -copper spring of Copper Mine Cr. ki´-ke-che (M) is the name for -the western part of the loop of Horseshoe Bend, to-sahng´-kut, +copper spring of Copper Mine Cr. ki´-ke-che (M) is the name for +the western part of the loop of Horseshoe Bend, to-sahng´-kut, tōs-ahng-kut (M) is the name of the part of Horseshoe Bend N of Island Mt. Horseshoe Bend is the big switchback curve in the Eel R. about 6 mi. N of the mouth of North Fork.</p> -<p>Indian Cr.—chen-nes-no´-kut, ken´-nis-no´-kut (M). The name +<p>Indian Cr.—chen-nes-no´-kut, ken´-nis-no´-kut (M). The name Indian Cr. does not appear on any of the USGS maps but it is the name used by Merriam.</p> -<p>Island Mt.—bahng-kut, bahn-kut (M); bañk'At (G). Island Mt. +<p>Island Mt.—bahng-kut, bahn-kut (M); bañk'At (G). Island Mt. is a range of hills bordered on the E by the Eel R. and extending from the mouth of North Fork in the S to beyond Horseshoe Bend in the N.</p> -<p>Jewett Cr.—sel-di´-kot (M); dAsk'Ekot (G).</p> +<p>Jewett Cr.—sel-di´-kot (M); dAsk'Ekot (G).</p> -<p>Kekawaka Cr.—kas-nā´-kot, kahs´-ne-kot (M); kasnaikot (G).</p> +<p>Kekawaka Cr.—kas-nā´-kot, kahs´-ne-kot (M); kasnaikot (G).</p> -<p>Lake Mt.—sā-kahn-den, se-kahn´-ting (M). Lake Mt. is about +<p>Lake Mt.—sā-kahn-den, se-kahn´-ting (M). Lake Mt. is about 3 mi. E of the Eel and 3 mi. N of North Fork.</p> -<p>McDonald Cr.—sah´-nah-chin-che (M); canAñtcIntci (G).</p> +<p>McDonald Cr.—sah´-nah-chin-che (M); canAñtcIntci (G).</p> -<p>Middle Trail—be-ten-na´-be (M). This trail was in the hills E +<p>Middle Trail—be-ten-na´-be (M). This trail was in the hills E of the Eel R. about a mile south of Indian Cr.</p> -<p>Mina—to-les´ cho´-be (M). Mina is a modern place name for a +<p>Mina—to-les´ cho´-be (M). Mina is a modern place name for a town about 2 mi. N of North Fork and 5 mi. E of the main Eel R.</p> -<p>Natoikot Cr.—no-toi´-kut (M); natoikot (G). I have given this +<p>Natoikot Cr.—no-toi´-kut (M); natoikot (G). I have given this creek its Wailaki name because it has no English name and is not, in fact, located on modern maps. It is said to have run into the Eel R. about 1-1/2 mi. S of Island Mt. Station, which is on the southern side of Horseshoe Bend. It has been placed on the map in accordance with the topography shown on USGS Hoaglin Quadrangle.</p> -<p>Pine Cr.—ten-di´-kot (M); lacEtcikot (G). Merriam was not +<p>Pine Cr.—ten-di´-kot (M); lacEtcikot (G). Merriam was not certain that his name was correct.</p> -<p>Pipe Cr.—taht-so´-kut (M).</p> +<p>Pipe Cr.—taht-so´-kut (M).</p> -<p>Poonkinny Ridge—nel-kis´-te (M). Merriam says this is the +<p>Poonkinny Ridge—nel-kis´-te (M). Merriam says this is the name of the open ridge between the main Eel R. and the northern part of Round V. That area is marked Poonkinny Ridge on the USGS Spyrock Quadrangle. It is in Yuki territory.</p> -<p>Rattlesnake Cr.—to-nah´-ling (M). This creek is a tributary +<p>Rattlesnake Cr.—to-nah´-ling (M). This creek is a tributary of the South Fork of the Eel R. and forms a part of the southern boundary of the Eel River Wailaki, according to Merriam.</p> -<p>Rockpile Mt.—sen´-ning ah´-kut (M). This mountain is said to +<p>Rockpile Mt.—sen´-ning ah´-kut (M). This mountain is said to be on the E side of the Eel R. S of Alder Point, but the name does not appear on modern maps.</p> -<p>Round V.—ken´-tes-cho´-be (M). The inhabitants of Round V. -were called ken´-tes cho´-be ke´-ah, a locative rather than a +<p>Round V.—ken´-tes-cho´-be (M). The inhabitants of Round V. +were called ken´-tes cho´-be ke´-ah, a locative rather than a tribal name.</p> -<p>Summit V.—ken-tes´ƚ-be (M). Summit V. lies about 2 mi. SE +<p>Summit V.—ken-tes´ƚ-be (M). Summit V. lies about 2 mi. SE of the bend of North Fork and seems to have marked the southeastern limit of North Fork Wailaki territory. It is said that there was once much camass there.</p> -<p>Willow Cr.—dabActci'Añkot, slAsyañkot (G). The latter was +<p>Willow Cr.—dabActci'Añkot, slAsyañkot (G). The latter was used occasionally for the stream.</p> <p>Wilson Cr.—dat'olkot (G).</p></blockquote> -<h4>ETHNOZOÖLOGY AND ETHNOBOTANY</h4> +<h4>ETHNOZOÖLOGY AND ETHNOBOTANY</h4> <p>The following notes are from Merriam's records.</p> @@ -2744,8 +2707,8 @@ Mountain and Bell Springs.</p> <p>The rest of the information on the Pitch Wailaki presented here concerns tribelet and village organization and is taken from Goddard (1924). He lists four tribelets among the Pitch Wailaki (Roman numerals, map 6).: -I, t'odAnnAñ kiyahAñ; II, t'okya kiyahAñ; III, tc'i'añkot kiyahAñ; IV, -tcokot kiyahAñ.</p> +I, t'odAnnAñ kiyahAñ; II, t'okya kiyahAñ; III, tc'i'añkot kiyahAñ; IV, +tcokot kiyahAñ.</p> <h4>VILLAGES</h4> @@ -2753,38 +2716,38 @@ tcokot kiyahAñ.</p> <p>The villages belonging to each of these tribelets are listed below (Arabic number, map 6). All are from Goddard's lists.</p> -<p>I. <i>t'odAnnAñ kiyahAñ</i></p> +<p>I. <i>t'odAnnAñ kiyahAñ</i></p> <blockquote> -<p>1. t'otcadAñ. On the N side of North Fork not far below the +<p>1. t'otcadAñ. On the N side of North Fork not far below the mouth of Hulls Creek. The site was sheltered by ridges on the E and W and by the main mountainside on the N. Four pits were counted.</p> <p>This was the only site visited but the names of other villages of the group were obtained. In their order downstream from Hulls -Creek they are AntcAnyacbAnnAñ, "pepperwood slope;" sEtcAmmi'; -nEƚγindAñ; lawasonk'ait; t'AntcankyodAñ. At this last +Creek they are AntcAnyacbAnnAñ, "pepperwood slope;" sEtcAmmi'; +nEƚγindAñ; lawasonk'ait; t'AntcankyodAñ. At this last there is said to have been a large conical earth-covered lodge and many dwellings.</p></blockquote> -<p>II. <i>t'okya kiyahAñ</i></p> +<p>II. <i>t'okya kiyahAñ</i></p> <blockquote> -<p>2. ƚEliñkyobi', "streams flow together large in." On the +<p>2. ƚEliñkyobi', "streams flow together large in." On the W side of North Fork just upstream from the mouth of Hulls Creek, situated close to the hillside on a bench about 50 ft. higher than the river. The site is divided by a gulch on the upstream side of which, it was said, there had once been houses. Four distinct pits and 3 less distinct ones were seen there.</p> -<p>3. tAntcInyasbAnnAñ. Nearly opposite nando'ndAñ on a point +<p>3. tAntcInyasbAnnAñ. Nearly opposite nando'ndAñ on a point of land running toward the SW. About 75 ft. above the stream 2 pits, one above the other, were seen. No more could well have been accommodated.</p> -<p>4. nando'ndAñ. On the E side of the river and about 1/4 mi. +<p>4. nando'ndAñ. On the E side of the river and about 1/4 mi. above the mouth of Hulls Creek, 30 ft. above the bed of North Fork. Four house pits were counted there, one of which was 15 ft. in diameter and 5 ft. deep. This was the village of Goodboy Jack's @@ -2792,7 +2755,7 @@ father.</p> <p>5. kAllata. Named for a big jagged rock standing N of the village site. It was on the W side of the river<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span> 1/4 mi. N of -tAntcInyasbAnnAñ and 300 ft. higher than the river. A grove of oaks +tAntcInyasbAnnAñ and 300 ft. higher than the river. A grove of oaks stands on a rounded point where 3 house pits were seen. A gulch on the southern side furnished water in winter.</p> @@ -2801,7 +2764,7 @@ upstream from kAllata. The site is on a wide point of land covered with oaks and pepperwood trees. There is a sheer rock on the opposite side of the river. Three pits were seen here.</p> -<p>7. tAltcAskIñ. Named from a knoll, tAltcAs. Situated on the +<p>7. tAltcAskIñ. Named from a knoll, tAltcAs. Situated on the slope of a large ridge around the end of which North Fork swings, from flowing SE, to S. It was about 500 ft. higher than the stream and distant from it about 1/8 mi. Here once stood an earth lodge, @@ -2812,13 +2775,13 @@ Messengers had been sent out to invite people from a distance of two days' travel and Indians from the main Eel R. and from the north were present.</p> -<p>8. sAñ'AnyE. Named from a very large rock standing on the +<p>8. sAñ'AnyE. Named from a very large rock standing on the E side of the river. The village was on the W side a little downstream from this rock. On a bench 30 ft. above the river bed were seen 5 house pits and above were 6 more, one above the other, on the slope. In this village lived tAntcAnyacta', who had charge -of the earth lodge at tAltcAskIñ, and si'idonta, who was "boss" of -all the villages of the t'okya kiyahAñ, especially when they camped +of the earth lodge at tAltcAskIñ, and si'idonta, who was "boss" of +all the villages of the t'okya kiyahAñ, especially when they camped together in summertime.</p> <div class="figcenter" style="width: 487px;"> @@ -2828,21 +2791,21 @@ Wailaki. Roman numerals indicate tribelets according to Goddard (1929); arabic numerals mark village sites.</p></div> </div> -<p>9. t'AntcAntantEƚdAñ, "pepperwood flat." About 100 yds. S +<p>9. t'AntcAntantEƚdAñ, "pepperwood flat." About 100 yds. S of the large rock called kaiƚtsotci on a small bench on the mountainside about 1,000 ft. above North Fork. Three pits were found. A rock shelter higher on the hillside and to the S was pointed out. At this village, shortly before the coming of white people, lived dAγa'tco, "large beard," chief of this -village and of annEnE'tcAñ, of all the t'okya kiyahAñ, in fact. He +village and of annEnE'tcAñ, of all the t'okya kiyahAñ, in fact. He was succeeded by his son kissEkE', who was killed by the whites.</p> -<p>10. kaiƚtsotci canAndAñ. Named for the large rock +<p>10. kaiƚtsotci canAndAñ. Named for the large rock kaiƚtsotci, under the shelter of which the village stood. Four pits were seen here and N of a small ridge were 3 others.</p> -<p>11. annEnE'tcAñ. On the NE side of the river stand two huge -rocks, the upstream one called sEƚtcAnnAñ, the downstream one +<p>11. annEnE'tcAñ. On the NE side of the river stand two huge +rocks, the upstream one called sEƚtcAnnAñ, the downstream one sAnAn. Between these two rocks flows a creek and on its N side, 75 ft. below the summit of the rocks, were 3 house pits in a hollow. A little S and 100 ft. higher were found in succession 3, 2, and 5 @@ -2852,27 +2815,27 @@ pits.</p> ravine and about 900 ft. higher than the bed of North Fork. Four pits were found.</p> -<p>13. mIstco'ca'nAndAñ. Up the hill from no. 12. It was not +<p>13. mIstco'ca'nAndAñ. Up the hill from no. 12. It was not visited.</p> -<p>14. sEƚtcAnnAnt'a. Named for a high rock, sEƚtcAnnAñ, on +<p>14. sEƚtcAnnAnt'a. Named for a high rock, sEƚtcAnnAñ, on the S side of which there are 5 pits and, 100 yds. below, 6 more. The site is about 700 ft. above North Fork and has a wonderful outlook on the valley of that stream.</p> -<p>15. k'AckAntEƚdAñ, "alder flat." On the W side of the river +<p>15. k'AckAntEƚdAñ, "alder flat." On the W side of the river on a curving bench. Two pits were found close to the hillside, and 2 nearer to the stream. Downstream on a little bench there were also 2 indistinct ones, said by Jack to have been used long ago.</p> -<p>16. sEƚtcAnnAñ yE. At the base of the rock mentioned in no. +<p>16. sEƚtcAnnAñ yE. At the base of the rock mentioned in no. 14. Three pits were found on a small bench.</p></blockquote> -<p>III. <i>tc'i'añkot kiyahAñ</i></p> +<p>III. <i>tc'i'añkot kiyahAñ</i></p> <blockquote> -<p>17. lonbAstEdAñ. On a flat on the S side of Casoose Cr. a +<p>17. lonbAstEdAñ. On a flat on the S side of Casoose Cr. a short way above its mouth. There were some unoccupied buildings there at the time of Goddard's visit. The place was seen from the trail on the N side of the creek.</p> @@ -2883,7 +2846,7 @@ the creek below no. 25.</p> <p>19. Goddard gives no name or other information for this village but it is shown on his map.</p> -<p>20. sEttcitcikItdatdAñ, Named for a rock, settci. It was at +<p>20. sEttcitcikItdatdAñ, Named for a rock, settci. It was at the base of a mountain on the N side of the creek and just above the flood waters. It had a good SE exposure. Three pits in a row were found.</p> @@ -2897,42 +2860,42 @@ this far.</p> <p>22. kIlkokyodAn. On the S side of the butte mentioned in no. 23 and about 100 yds. distant. Four large pits were noticed.</p> -<p>23. kIkokyokInnEdAñ. Named for the bushy butte at the base of +<p>23. kIkokyokInnEdAñ. Named for the bushy butte at the base of which the village stood. The site is 100 ft. higher than the creek, on its NW side just below a canyon. Three pits were seen.</p> -<p>24. mAñk'AtdAñ. Named from a small pond, near which are +<p>24. mAñk'AtdAñ. Named from a small pond, near which are deserted buildings and an old orchard. A hundred yards NE of this pond, back against the hill, 4 pits were found in a row, 2 more above them, and 2 others near by, making 8 altogether. The last -chief of this village was named tcAsnainIñaita'.</p> +chief of this village was named tcAsnainIñaita'.</p> <p>25. Iƚt'Aktcibi'. Named from black oaks. It is nearer the creek than no. 24. The number of pits was not recorded but signs of a village there were unmistakable.</p> -<p>26. t'AntcigIt'tcAñ. On the W side of the creek nearly +<p>26. t'AntcigIt'tcAñ. On the W side of the creek nearly opposite no. 27. It was N of a small creek with running water and of a ridge which runs down to the main creek and terminates in a great, nearly sheer cliff. The village site is about 500 ft. higher than the stream. Eight pits in two rows were counted.</p> -<p>27. k'aickontEƚdAñ. On the E side of Casoose Cr. on a flat +<p>27. k'aickontEƚdAñ. On the E side of Casoose Cr. on a flat 100 ft. higher than the creek, which flows just below it. The village site is near a post which marked the old boundary between Trinity and Mendocino counties. Two pits were seen.</p> -<p>28. tc'iañmiyE. On the E side of and 100 ft. higher than +<p>28. tc'iañmiyE. On the E side of and 100 ft. higher than Casoose Cr. It was 100 yds. downstream from the beginning of the canyon. Five pits were counted.</p></blockquote> -<p>IV. <i>tcokot kiyahAñ</i></p> +<p>IV. <i>tcokot kiyahAñ</i></p> <p>The winter villages of this group were on Red Mountain Cr. Goodboy Jack said that he did not know the village names. The impression had been received that Salt Creek V. was inhabited but Jack said it was too cold to live there in the winter. Presumably it was the hunting ground of the -tcokot kiyahAñ.</p> +tcokot kiyahAñ.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span></p> @@ -3047,7 +3010,7 @@ above Alder Pt.</p></blockquote> <p>There is some ambiguity in Merriam's notes on the status of the Lassik living in the western part of their territory near the South Fork of the Eel. The Sinkyone George Burt told Merriam that a group called the -To-kub´-be ke´ah or To´-kah-be held the land on the east side of South +To-kub´-be ke´ah or To´-kah-be held the land on the east side of South Fork from Rocky Glen Creek south to above Garberville. This tribe was said to be centered on the east branch of South Fork and in the Harris region and to be a different tribe from the one on the main Eel River @@ -3067,34 +3030,34 @@ correct name may not be assigned to each site.</p> <h5><i>Goddard's Lassik Villages</i></h5> <p> -<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">1. gastcīkdûñ</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">2. kōnte<sup>l</sup>tcīdûñ</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">3. satcinītcīdûñ</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">1. gastcīkdûñ</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">2. kōnte<sup>l</sup>tcīdûñ</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">3. satcinītcīdûñ</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">4. naslintce</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">5. ist'etatcīdûñ</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">5. ist'etatcīdûñ</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">6. tōkseye</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">7. kiñk'ûtekōnte<sup>l</sup>dûñ</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">8. k'ûctōtōdûñ</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">9. dīyīckûk</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">10. nûndûkkatûndûñ</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">11. kōnte<sup>l</sup>tcīdûñ</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">12. gōsnōlindûñ</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">13. tōtcadûñ</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">7. kiñk'ûtekōnte<sup>l</sup>dûñ</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">8. k'ûctōtōdûñ</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">9. dīyīckûk</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">10. nûndûkkatûndûñ</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">11. kōnte<sup>l</sup>tcīdûñ</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">12. gōsnōlindûñ</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">13. tōtcadûñ</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">14. saitōtcī</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">15. nûnsûn<sup>l</sup>tcīkkinne<sup>ε</sup>dûñ</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">16. yīstcûttcadûñ</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">15. nûnsûn<sup>l</sup>tcīkkinne<sup>ε</sup>dûñ</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">16. yīstcûttcadûñ</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">17. toisībī</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">18. lesbatcītdûñ</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">19. k'ûstcīkdûñ</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">20. tcûggûstatcī<sup>ε</sup></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">18. lesbatcītdûñ</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">19. k'ûstcīkdûñ</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">20. tcûggûstatcī<sup>ε</sup></span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">21. lesbaitcī<sup>ε</sup></span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">22. setatcī<sup>ε</sup></span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">23. kastōntcī<sup>ε</sup>dûñ</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">23. kastōntcī<sup>ε</sup>dûñ</span><br /> </p> <p>Goddard lists other names, presumably for the Lassik villages, as -follows: sekûƚne, tectatalindûñ, dûltcīkyacdûñ, t'o-todûñ, -k'ûsnesdûñ, ne ga bī, kûttantcītcōdûñ. The sites corresponding +follows: sekûƚne, tectatalindûñ, dûltcīkyacdûñ, t'o-todûñ, +k'ûsnesdûñ, ne ga bī, kûttantcītcōdûñ. The sites corresponding to these names cannot be located.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span></p> @@ -3140,20 +3103,20 @@ Round Valley on the south, thus including the Athapaskan Wilakke." In anthropological literature, however, especially in the work of Kroeber and Goddard, this name has come to be used for the group living between Iaqua Buttes and Mad River on the north and Dobbyn Creek on the south. -Merriam's name for this group is Kit-tel´. He does not seem to have +Merriam's name for this group is Kit-tel´. He does not seem to have obtained any information from them although one of his notes mentions the fact that the wife of George Burt, his Lolangkok Sinkyone informant, -was a Kit-tel´ woman.</p> +was a Kit-tel´ woman.</p> <p>At times Merriam seems to have confused the Nongatl with the Lassik. In his general statement on the Nongatl, which follows, he lists them as -Lassik although the area in which he places them marks them as Kit-tel´ +Lassik although the area in which he places them marks them as Kit-tel´ or Nongatl.</p> <blockquote> -<p>Las´sik ... Name (from Chief Lassik, now dead) in common use -for a Non-ga´h<sup>hl</sup> tribe occupying a rather large area, extending +<p>Las´sik ... Name (from Chief Lassik, now dead) in common use +for a Non-ga´h<sup>hl</sup> tribe occupying a rather large area, extending from Iaqua Butte in the latitude of the mouth of Eel River, southerly to Dobbyn Creek and to the head of Van Duzen River, and from the eastern boundary of the Lolahnkok of Bull Creek and South @@ -3165,12 +3128,12 @@ the main Eel; thus including the entire course and drainage area of Larrabee Creek.</p> <p>There is doubt as to the northern boundary of the so-called -Las´sik for the reason that I have not been able to obtain the +Las´sik for the reason that I have not been able to obtain the necessary vocabularies for comparison. Goddard's information points to a division south of the Bridgeville region but I have been told -by both the Nek´-kan-ni´ of Bear River and the Lolahnkōk of Bull +by both the Nek´-kan-ni´ of Bear River and the Lolahnkōk of Bull Creek and South Fork Eel that the language is exactly the same from -Iaqua Butte southerly and that the languages of the Nek´-kan-ni´ +Iaqua Butte southerly and that the languages of the Nek´-kan-ni´ and Lo-lahn-kōk do not differ essentially from that of the Larrabee Creek region.</p> @@ -3181,8 +3144,8 @@ allied dialects.</p> <p>However, since the entire drainage basin of Larrabee Creek is included in their territory, it may be desirable to adopt the term -Kos´-ten ke´-ah, by which term the Larrabee Creek band was known to -neighbors on the south—the Set-ten-bi´-den ke-ah.</p></blockquote> +Kos´-ten ke´-ah, by which term the Larrabee Creek band was known to +neighbors on the south—the Set-ten-bi´-den ke-ah.</p></blockquote> <h4>SUBGROUPS</h4> @@ -3200,28 +3163,28 @@ boundaries. These were as follows.</p> <blockquote> -<p>bûskōtkīya. In the neighborhood of Indian Cr. in the +<p>bûskōtkīya. In the neighborhood of Indian Cr. in the upper part of the drainage of Yager Cr. (map 9).</p> -<p>tcillûndûñ. On the upper reaches of North Yager Cr. (map 9).</p> +<p>tcillûndûñ. On the upper reaches of North Yager Cr. (map 9).</p> -<p>bûstcōbīkīya. In the vicinity of the junction of +<p>bûstcōbīkīya. In the vicinity of the junction of North and Middle Yager creeks. The language of this group was said to be the same as that of the tcittelkīya (map 9).</p> -<p>senûñka. On upper Larabee Cr. in the vicinity of Blocksburg +<p>senûñka. On upper Larabee Cr. in the vicinity of Blocksburg (pl. 10, <i>e</i>, <i>f</i>). This no doubt is the same as Essene's Kuskatundun, which was the Lassik name for the group (map 10).</p> <p>tcittelkīya. On the Van Duzen R. above Bridgeville. Appears -to be the same name as Merriam's Kit-tel´.</p> +to be the same name as Merriam's Kit-tel´.</p> <p>na'aitcikīya. On the Van Duzen above the tcittelkīya group. This name appears on the Goddard map from which map 1 was taken but is not otherwise recorded. This is evidently the same as Essene's Nai'aitci.</p> -<p>kōsdûñkīya. On the South Fork of the Van Duzen, +<p>kōsdûñkīya. On the South Fork of the Van Duzen, including Larabee V.</p></blockquote> @@ -3232,7 +3195,7 @@ unpublished notes (maps 7, 9, 10). This is evidently far from a complete count but it is clear that there were about as many villages in the area covered by these maps as in other parts of the Athabascan area.</p> -<h5><i>bûskōtkīya group (1-7, map 9)</i></h5> +<h5><i>bûskōtkīya group (1-7, map 9)</i></h5> <blockquote> @@ -3259,7 +3222,7 @@ He hunted all around here without finding other pits.</p> region.</p></div> </div> -<p>3. k'onûsebī'. On a point running down SSW toward Indian +<p>3. k'onûsebī'. On a point running down SSW toward Indian Cr. There were two pits near the creek and two more 200 ft. up the hill. A few large and small oaks were growing there. Water was to be had a few yards E. Pete saw a house there when he was a boy.</p> @@ -3285,7 +3248,7 @@ small streams N and S of the ridge. Goddard did not visit the place but it was pointed out by Pete as W of a big Douglas spruce tree and a large rock. Goddard described it as above.</p></blockquote> -<h5><i>tcillûndûñ group (8-12, map 9)</i></h5> +<h5><i>tcillûndûñ group (8-12, map 9)</i></h5> <blockquote> @@ -3309,7 +3272,7 @@ from the north. On the W side of the creek on a rounded ridge were Pete saw 2 large deep pits. They were about 1/4 mi. downstream from the branch where village 10 was found.</p> -<p>12. tse'dûttc<sup>l</sup>bûtta'dûñ. A half-mile N of North Yager Cr. +<p>12. tse'dûttc<sup>l</sup>bûtta'dûñ. A half-mile N of North Yager Cr. at the edge of Douglas spruce and tanbark oak timber. Stones used by the Indians were lying near the water and 2 pits were found there. To the W, on the crest of the ridge, there were 5 pits at @@ -3320,17 +3283,17 @@ Creek but they are not named and their locations are indefinite so they will not be given here.</p> -<h5><i>bûstcōbīkīya group (13-18, map 9)</i></h5> +<h5><i>bûstcōbīkīya group (13-18, map 9)</i></h5> <blockquote> -<p>13. senindûscīmī. On the W bank of North Yager Cr. 1/4 +<p>13. senindûscīmī. On the W bank of North Yager Cr. 1/4 mi. below a waterfall of the same name. Two pits were located 100 ft. above the creek in brush and timber. On the same side of the creek but 1/4 mi. downstream were 4 more pits, in one of which a sekal lay.</p> -<p>14. nakatōdûñ. On the E side of North Yager Cr., on a flat +<p>14. nakatōdûñ. On the E side of North Yager Cr., on a flat now covered with huckleberry brush. Pete found 2 pits here. On the W side of the creek, a little downstream, were 2 more pits. The flat had been badly washed away by freshets.</p> @@ -3342,7 +3305,7 @@ the junction of North and Middle Yager creeks.</p> the timber on a point running down toward Middle Yager Cr. were 4 pits.</p> -<p>17. kōntcōwetcīkinnedûñ. About 1/4 mi. N of Middle +<p>17. kōntcōwetcīkinnedûñ. About 1/4 mi. N of Middle Yager Cr. On a small flat on a hillside, facing SW in open timber above a small stream. There were 7 pits here. Pete had heard that there used to be a village so situated.</p> @@ -3351,14 +3314,14 @@ there used to be a village so situated.</p> shows signs of occupation and there is a pit near by.</p></blockquote> -<h5><i>senûñka group (19-35, map 10)</i></h5> +<h5><i>senûñka group (19-35, map 10)</i></h5> <blockquote> <p>19. On a little point 200 yds. N of Curless' house. There is one pit. Charlie Taylor's grandmother was born here, according to Curless, who showed the site to Goddard. This was the most northern -village of the senûñka on Larabee Cr.</p> +village of the senûñka on Larabee Cr.</p> <p>20. t'ōkintcabī'. On the hillside on either side of the stream which crosses the road about a mile S of Curless' place. @@ -3380,7 +3343,7 @@ Pete of such a place where there used to be many Indians.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span></p> -<p>22. k'ûcna'aidûñ (?). In a swag on the W side of a gulch lined +<p>22. k'ûcna'aidûñ (?). In a swag on the W side of a gulch lined with Douglas spruce and tanbark oak timber with exposure toward the S. There are 5 distinct pits.</p> @@ -3403,7 +3366,7 @@ Goddard was not sure of them.</p> <p>27. On the N side of a large branch of Larabee Cr. from the E, 200 yds. N of where it is joined by a stream from the N. The stream -from the E is bûstadûñkōt. There were 3 pits among the Douglas +from the E is bûstadûñkōt. There were 3 pits among the Douglas spruce and black oaks.</p> <p>28. On the E side of the Eel R. about 3/4 mi. N of the mouth @@ -3435,7 +3398,7 @@ of Mill Cr. on a brushy point. There were 5 pits.</p> <p>34. On the E side of the Eel R. N of the mouth of Mill Cr. just S of a big rock. There were 2 pits.</p> -<p>35. nadaitcûñ. This name was supplied by Charlie in 1908 as +<p>35. nadaitcûñ. This name was supplied by Charlie in 1908 as belonging to the village at the mouth of a large creek on the E side of the Eel R. above Coleman Cr. </p> </blockquote> @@ -3479,13 +3442,13 @@ taken verbatim from that source.</p> <blockquote> -<p>The Lo-lahn´-kōk. Information is from George Burt, a member +<p>The Lo-lahn´-kōk. Information is from George Burt, a member of the tribe, who was raised on Bull Creek at the rancheria called -Kahs-cho´-chin-net´-tah about seven miles upstream from Dyerville, +Kahs-cho´-chin-net´-tah about seven miles upstream from Dyerville, at a place now known as Schoolhouse Flat, and who now lives near Fortuna (1922).</p> -<p>The territory of the Lo-lahn´-kōk began on the north at +<p>The territory of the Lo-lahn´-kōk began on the north at Shively and covered a narrow strip on the east side of the main Eel River to Dyerville, and a much broader area on the west side, and continued southerly on the west side of South Fork Eel River nearly @@ -3517,14 +3480,14 @@ woman named Sally Bell.</p></div> <blockquote> -<p>To´-cho´-be ke´ah is their own name and the Lolahnkok name +<p>To´-cho´-be ke´ah is their own name and the Lolahnkok name for the tribe (and village) in the Briceland region (between the South Fork of the Eel and the coast). It is used also in a larger sense for all bands speaking the same dialect from the west side of the South Fork of the Eel River (in the Garberville region) to the -coast. The Set´tenbi´den [Lassik] call this group Yis-sing´-kun-ne. -The name of the group is pronounced To-cho´-be ke´ah by the -Lolahn´kōk and Taw-chaw´-be-ke´ah by themselves.</p></blockquote> +coast. The Set´tenbi´den [Lassik] call this group Yis-sing´-kun-ne. +The name of the group is pronounced To-cho´-be ke´ah by the +Lolahn´kōk and Taw-chaw´-be-ke´ah by themselves.</p></blockquote> <h4>TRIBELETS</h4> @@ -3539,7 +3502,7 @@ village names." These names are no doubt those of tribelets.</p> <p>chi-chin-kah ke-ah (Merriam). This is the name for the tribelet between the upper waters of Bull Cr. and Elk Ridge. -Nomland gives the name chacingu´k for the group in the ridge N of +Nomland gives the name chacingu´k for the group in the ridge N of Briceland, which is evidently Elk Ridge.</p> <p>yese'kuk (Nomland). This is given as the Mattole R. area, @@ -3638,51 +3601,51 @@ Goddard's original work.</p> <blockquote> -<p>1. lah-sā-se´-te (M). At Shively on the main Eel R.</p> +<p>1. lah-sā-se´-te (M). At Shively on the main Eel R.</p> -<p>2. kah´-li-cho´-be, "growing flat" (M). At a place now called +<p>2. kah´-li-cho´-be, "growing flat" (M). At a place now called Englewood, a small settlement 9 mi. E of Scotia bridge. The name is said to refer to things growing up there.</p> -<p>3. seûstcelindûñ (G). On the S bank of the main Eel not far +<p>3. seûstcelindûñ (G). On the S bank of the main Eel not far downstream from Dyerville.</p> -<p>4. tōnesdadûñ (G). On the NE bank of the Eel directly -across from seûstcelindûñ.</p> +<p>4. tōnesdadûñ (G). On the NE bank of the Eel directly +across from seûstcelindûñ.</p> <p>5. tetcinne (G). On the E side of the Eel upstream from -tōnesdadûñ. A big rock, pointing downstream, is said to project +tōnesdadûñ. A big rock, pointing downstream, is said to project into the river there.</p> -<p>6. tûggûstcō dasañke (G). On the E side of the Eel S of +<p>6. tûggûstcō dasañke (G). On the E side of the Eel S of tetcinne. A large rancheria in an open place.</p> -<p>7. naltcûñka (G). On the W side of Eel R. S of tûggûstcō -dasañke. There is a big slide there. It is below Camp Grant on the +<p>7. naltcûñka (G). On the W side of Eel R. S of tûggûstcō +dasañke. There is a big slide there. It is below Camp Grant on the S side, according to Charlie, 1903.</p> -<p>nahl-tsin´-kah (M). Camp Grant.</p> +<p>nahl-tsin´-kah (M). Camp Grant.</p> -<p>8. tōƚtciñyasta' (G). On the E side of the Eel about 1 -mi. above naltcûñka. A large rock stands back of the village site.</p> +<p>8. tōƚtciñyasta' (G). On the E side of the Eel about 1 +mi. above naltcûñka. A large rock stands back of the village site.</p> -<p>9. tadûttcī' (G). On the E side of the Eel not far above -tōƚtciñyasta', at the mouth of a large creek in which salmon +<p>9. tadûttcī' (G). On the E side of the Eel not far above +tōƚtciñyasta', at the mouth of a large creek in which salmon run (tadakōk, Thompson Cr.?). Above Camp Grant.</p> -<p>10. tcillûñdûñ (G). On the E side of the Eel 1/4 mi. -above tadûttcī'. An open place without a creek. (Given as -kīlûndûñkīa by Charlie in 1903.)</p> +<p>10. tcillûñdûñ (G). On the E side of the Eel 1/4 mi. +above tadûttcī'. An open place without a creek. (Given as +kīlûndûñkīa by Charlie in 1903.)</p> <p>11. ne'gakak, "moss"? (G). On the W side of the Eel opposite -tcillûñdûñ.</p> +tcillûñdûñ.</p> <p>12. ne'tcinkōk (G). At the mouth of a creek on the W side of the Eel some way above ne'gakak.</p> <p>13. gactcōbi', "redwoods in" (G). In a large open flat among the redwoods on the E side of the Eel above ne'tcinkōk. -Given by Charlie in 1903 as kûctcōbekīa on the S side.</p> +Given by Charlie in 1903 as kûctcōbekīa on the S side.</p> <p>14. On the E side of the Eel just S of a creek which flows down a steep rough bed on a rather high bench are 4 pits. The @@ -3691,7 +3654,7 @@ enters a canyon N of this creek. A round timbered butte is close to the mouth of the creek on the N. A great timbered butte seems to occupy the E bank of the river for several miles.</p> -<p>15. seda'dûn, "rock mouth place" (G). On the E side (W also?), +<p>15. seda'dûn, "rock mouth place" (G). On the E side (W also?), where the river flows out between rocks. A small creek is there. About 2 mi. above gactcōbi'.</p></blockquote> @@ -3699,18 +3662,18 @@ About 2 mi. above gactcōbi'.</p></blockquote> <blockquote> -<p>16. ƚtcûnta'dûñ (G). Said to have been on the W side of +<p>16. ƚtcûnta'dûñ (G). Said to have been on the W side of South Fork and the S side of the Eel R., where the store and saloon of Dyerville now stand.</p> -<p>chin-tah´-tah (M). The flat occupied by Dyerville; this is no +<p>chin-tah´-tah (M). The flat occupied by Dyerville; this is no doubt the same as the name given by Goddard.</p> -<p>17. kahs-cho´-chin-net´-tah (M). A large village on Bull Cr. +<p>17. kahs-cho´-chin-net´-tah (M). A large village on Bull Cr. about 7 mi. upstream from Dyerville. The place is now known as Schoolhouse Flat.</p> -<p>18. ƚōlûñkī' (G). On the S bank of Bull Cr. at its +<p>18. ƚōlûñkī' (G). On the S bank of Bull Cr. at its mouth, in large redwood timber. There were 10 pits along the bank of South Fork and the pit of a yitco', 8 paces across, about 200 yds. W of the mouth of Bull Cr. A large redwood, hollowed by @@ -3723,29 +3686,29 @@ died. One of the white men, named Steve, cut a piece from the arm of one of the Indians, built a fire, cooked it, and ate it. The best man of the Indians escaped.</p> -<p>lo-lahn´-kōk (M). Bull Cr. Merriam does not mention a +<p>lo-lahn´-kōk (M). Bull Cr. Merriam does not mention a village at its mouth.</p> -<p>19. ƚōlûñkōk yībañ (G). On the E bank of South +<p>19. ƚōlûñkōk yībañ (G). On the E bank of South Fork opposite and N of the mouth of Bull Cr. Two pits were seen directly across from Bull Cr. and 2 about 100 yds. downstream. They are in heavy redwood timber, but receive a good deal of sun because they are close to the river, which flows NW at this point.</p> -<p>20. sōsnoibûndûñ (G). On the E bank of South Fork about a +<p>20. sōsnoibûndûñ (G). On the E bank of South Fork about a mile S of the mouth of Bull Cr. Five pits were counted in small redwood timber, where there is a spring which supplied the village. There used to be a yitco' here, in which Charlie remembered dancing when he was a small boy.</p> -<p>21. nûnsûntcōtcī', "butte large mouth" (G). On both +<p>21. nûnsûntcōtcī', "butte large mouth" (G). On both sides of the mouth of Brush Cr. (Canoe Cr.) in large redwood timber. On the N side are 6 pits, 5 of them in a row back about 30 yds. There are seven pits on the S side of the creek, some of them much plainer than others. The father of Albert's wife, Sally, came from this village.</p> -<p>nahn´-sin-cho´-ke (M). See Place Names.</p> +<p>nahn´-sin-cho´-ke (M). See Place Names.</p> <p>22. sedjōcbī' (G). On the E bank of South Fork, which flows toward the W at this point. A stream from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span> the E (Feese Cr.) @@ -3753,70 +3716,70 @@ flows in a little above the village. There are many tanbark oaks growing near by, which Charlie suggested were the reason for the village's being located here. Seven pits could be distinguished; the clearing away of timber may have obscured some others. The name -setcōsdiñ was also given by Charlie. Tcōs means vagina, "what +setcōsdiñ was also given by Charlie. Tcōs means vagina, "what woman has."</p> <p>sā-chōs-te (M). See Place Names.</p> -<p>23. gûtta'bûndûñ, named from a deep hole in the stream (G). On +<p>23. gûtta'bûndûñ, named from a deep hole in the stream (G). On the W side of South Fork, where it flows toward the NE just below Myer's. The site has been completely washed away. Charlie's father belonged here and Charlie lived here when a boy. Jack, Charlie's half-brother, was born at this village. There used to be a yitco' and a large hollow tree in which a family used to spend the winter.</p> -<p>kah-tah´-be (M). See Place Names.</p> +<p>kah-tah´-be (M). See Place Names.</p> -<p>24. tantañaikī' bûndûñ (G). On the E side of South Fork. +<p>24. tantañaikī' bûndûñ (G). On the E side of South Fork. A creek, along which are many tanbark oaks, flows into South Fork on the opposite side and a little above. The name of the creek is -tantañaikōk (Coon Cr.). The site is just below a garden. The +tantañaikōk (Coon Cr.). The site is just below a garden. The place was so grown up with brakes it was impossible to count the pits.</p> -<p>25. tōdûnni', "water sings" (G). On the NW corner of Myer's +<p>25. tōdûnni', "water sings" (G). On the NW corner of Myer's Flat on the right bank of South Fork, where it completes its course toward the W and turns toward the NE. The site has been washed away. There used to be large peppernut trees growing there. A few -are still left. The name of Myer's Flat is kûnteltcōbī. It is +are still left. The name of Myer's Flat is kûnteltcōbī. It is also mentioned as kontelkyōbī.</p> -<p>ken´-tes-cho´-be (M). See Place Names.</p> +<p>ken´-tes-cho´-be (M). See Place Names.</p> -<p>26. sestcicbandûñ (G). On the right bank of South Fork on a +<p>26. sestcicbandûñ (G). On the right bank of South Fork on a narrow bench between the hill and that stream. There is an eddy in the river just above, which furnished good fishing, and many oaks are on the hills. The site received plenty of sun because the river flows W at this point. Four pits were seen. Also given as -sûstcīcbī, "rough like a rasp."</p> +sûstcīcbī, "rough like a rasp."</p> -<p>ses-che´-is-ke (M). See Place Names.</p> +<p>ses-che´-is-ke (M). See Place Names.</p> -<p>27. sebûggûnna', "rock around" (G). On the right side and +<p>27. sebûggûnna', "rock around" (G). On the right side and close to South Fork just downstream from a rocky point around which the river changes its direction from S to NW. Fourteen or fifteen pits could be distinguished, most of them quite distinct.</p> -<p>sā-bug´-gah-nah´ (M). See Place Names.</p> +<p>sā-bug´-gah-nah´ (M). See Place Names.</p> -<p>28. sekōntcōbandûñ (G). On the left side of South Fork -nearly opposite sebûggûnna'. The sandy bench is covered with +<p>28. sekōntcōbandûñ (G). On the left side of South Fork +nearly opposite sebûggûnna'. The sandy bench is covered with brakes. Five pits were made out. Charlie lived here for four years after he came back from the reservation. Also mentioned as -tañaibī.</p> +tañaibī.</p> -<p>29. sōldekōk bûkkī'dūñ (G). On a small flat +<p>29. sōldekōk bûkkī'dūñ (G). On a small flat covered with large redwood timber on the N side of South Fork and on the W side of Elk Creek (sōldekōk), which flows into it from the N. Seven pits were counted along the banks of the river and the creek.</p> -<p>sōl´-te-che (M). See Place Names.</p> +<p>sōl´-te-che (M). See Place Names.</p> -<p>30. senteƚtcelindûñ, "rock flat flows out place" (G). +<p>30. senteƚtcelindûñ, "rock flat flows out place" (G). Close to the W bank of South Fork near a deep fishing place. There are three pits between the county road and the river. Also called -sentelduñ.</p> +sentelduñ.</p> <p>sen-tĕ<sup>ch</sup>-be (M). See Place Names.</p> @@ -3824,16 +3787,16 @@ sentelduñ.</p> Fork 100 yds. N of the mouth of Salmon Cr., in large redwoods. The river has washed the soil away so no evidence of occupation remains. Willow brush is now growing there. Also called -natonankōk bûttcī'dûñ.</p> +natonankōk bûttcī'dûñ.</p> -<p>sah-nah´-kōk (M). Name for Salmon Cr. See Place Names.</p> +<p>sah-nah´-kōk (M). Name for Salmon Cr. See Place Names.</p> <p>32. tcīstcībi' (G). On the E bank of South Fork opposite the mouth of Salmon Cr. It is on the end of a ridge. Charlie had a ne'yīk' here after returning from the reservation (village site not visited). This village was mentioned by Sam as his birthplace. His mother may have been from here. Also referred to by Charlie as -canakī' and tcûstcēkōok.</p> +canakī' and tcûstcēkōok.</p> <p>33. nant'ō' (G). On the N side of Salmon Cr. in a bend. Large redwoods fill the valley of the creek as well as the @@ -3846,10 +3809,10 @@ which Salmon Cr. flows. The village was on the N side of the creek near where Tomlinson's barn now stands. There is a spring there near a pepperwood tree. This flat is now in peach orchard.</p> -<p>35. kaslintcō'dûñ, "riffle large place" (G). On the N side +<p>35. kaslintcō'dûñ, "riffle large place" (G). On the N side of Salmon Cr. about 400 yds. upstream from kōnteƚbī'.</p> -<p>36. setcinnabatse tcelindûn (G). On the N side of Salmon Cr. +<p>36. setcinnabatse tcelindûn (G). On the N side of Salmon Cr. in a basin-like flat. Four pits were seen near the creek and 4 in a row back about 50 yds. against the base of the hill. There were 2 more pits in front of the last 4, making 10 in all. There is heavy @@ -3857,38 +3820,38 @@ Douglas spruce and tanbark oak timber on the southern side of the creek. About 200 yds. upstream is a waterfall, which provided fine fishing, since large salmon could not jump the falls.</p> -<p>37. bandûñ (G). On the end of a ridge, W of a small run lined -with peppernut trees. About 200 yds. NE of seƚtcindûñ. There +<p>37. bandûñ (G). On the end of a ridge, W of a small run lined +with peppernut trees. About 200 yds. NE of seƚtcindûñ. There were 5 pits, 2 of which were very large.</p> <p>38. setcinnabatse (G). On a flattened end of the ridge E of -seƚtcindûñ, 300 yds. S and a little W of it. Two pits were +seƚtcindûñ, 300 yds. S and a little W of it. Two pits were certain.</p> -<p>39. seƚtcindûñ (G). On the E side of a gulch, in which +<p>39. seƚtcindûñ (G). On the E side of a gulch, in which there was flowing water in July, about 300 yds. N<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span> of Salmon Cr. There were 4 or 5 pits. The ground is strewn with black stones.</p> -<p>40. tcebanedûñ (G). On the flattened portion of a ridge, with +<p>40. tcebanedûñ (G). On the flattened portion of a ridge, with southern exposure. Black oaks and buckeyes are growing there. Seven pits were to be seen with black stones lying in them. Great broken rocks lie in a gulch to the west. About 350 yds. NNW of -seƚtcindûñ.</p> +seƚtcindûñ.</p> <p>41. setcō'seye (G). A large rock, with the overhanging side facing SE. A rim of earth showed where the house wall used to be on the W. The E was left open. About 1/4 mi. W of the falls of Salmon Cr.</p> -<p>42. tōƚelindûñ, "water flows together place" (G). On the +<p>42. tōƚelindûñ, "water flows together place" (G). On the flat W of Salmon Cr. and W of a large creek flowing into it from the S (South Fork Salmon Cr.). Four pits are close to the bank of Salmon Cr. and a fifth was partly caved in. One was seen on the lower part of the flat to the S.</p> -<p>43. nesdai'dûñ (G). Said to be on a side hill.</p> +<p>43. nesdai'dûñ (G). Said to be on a side hill.</p> -<p>44. toƚelindûñ, "water comes together place" (G). Said to +<p>44. toƚelindûñ, "water comes together place" (G). Said to be where three creeks join, forming the South Fork of Salmon Cr., about 5 mi. from its mouth. Distinguished from the village at the mouth of the same creek by being called "small."</p> @@ -3896,16 +3859,16 @@ mouth of the same creek by being called "small."</p> <p>45. sesōsye' (G). At the end of a ridge running down to Salmon Cr. from the E. So close to the bank of the stream that one pit has been undermined. Four remain. About 1/2 mi. NW of -toƚelindûñ.</p> +toƚelindûñ.</p> -<p>46. ne'kañkī' (G). In the saucer-shaped end of a ridge, +<p>46. ne'kañkī' (G). In the saucer-shaped end of a ridge, close to the E bank of Salmon Cr. and facing a little S of W. -Opposite, a large creek, called ne'kañkōk, flows in from the W. +Opposite, a large creek, called ne'kañkōk, flows in from the W. There are 9 pits, which may still be seen. Five of them, situated close to the base of the hill, are very large and deep. Black oaks grow there.</p> -<p>47. ne'iƚgaƚdûñ, "land shinny-playing place" (G). On a +<p>47. ne'iƚgaƚdûñ, "land shinny-playing place" (G). On a flat close to the E side of Salmon Cr., which swings around it. A gulch heads in the cedar grove N of the Hunter ranch buildings. Twelve or 13 pits were counted, 5 of which were quite distinct.</p> @@ -3916,23 +3879,23 @@ There are 8 pits in a row and 1 other, not in line with them. There is a gulch 100 ft. S of the row of pits. Cedars, black oaks, and buckeyes grow there. A small pond of water is E of the site.</p> -<p>49. mûñkkasaikōk (G). On the W side of a branch of Salmon +<p>49. mûñkkasaikōk (G). On the W side of a branch of Salmon Cr. which flows from the N about 1/2 mi. W of the Burnell ranch house. Two pits are close to the stream and 4 or 5 are 10 or 15 ft. higher. The higher ones have good sun in the winter. The trail crosses the creek at this place.</p> -<p>50. setc'ûntōdûñ (G). On the W side of the South Fork of -the Eel about 1/4 mi. above the mouth of Butte Cr. (nûnsûnkōk), +<p>50. setc'ûntōdûñ (G). On the W side of the South Fork of +the Eel about 1/4 mi. above the mouth of Butte Cr. (nûnsûnkōk), which provided desirable fishing. A large rock stands there close to the river. There are said to have been four houses. This site -was not visited. It was mentioned by Charlie as sesuñtō; he said +was not visited. It was mentioned by Charlie as sesuñtō; he said it was the most southerly village of his people. Sam called it -senûnsīmkûk and said it belonged in Charlie's territory.</p> +senûnsīmkûk and said it belonged in Charlie's territory.</p> <p>The first name given by Goddard is evidently related to -Merriam's sā´-chen-to´-te, "water against rock," which was said -to be a place in the river near Goddard's setc'ûntōdûñ. See +Merriam's sā´-chen-to´-te, "water against rock," which was said +to be a place in the river near Goddard's setc'ûntōdûñ. See Place Names.</p></blockquote> <p><i>Shelter Cove Sinkyone villages (map 12).</i>—The following list of @@ -3951,14 +3914,14 @@ found. Plowing had probably filled in other pits. The first store of Phillipsville stood here. According to Sam (1903), this was the most northern village of his people.</p> -<p>kă-kes´-kōk (M). Fish Cr.</p> +<p>kă-kes´-kōk (M). Fish Cr.</p> -<p>2. kûtdûntelbī', "flat in" (G). At the NW part of the +<p>2. kûtdûntelbī', "flat in" (G). At the NW part of the Phillipsville flat. It is said to have been a large village. There is fishing in an eddy just upstream. The site has been washed away and therefore was not visited.</p> -<p>ket´-tin-tel´-be (M). At a place called Phillipsville, 18 mi. +<p>ket´-tin-tel´-be (M). At a place called Phillipsville, 18 mi. S of Dyerville. The site is in an orchard on a ranch and has a fine redwood grove and a good camping place.</p> @@ -3969,23 +3932,23 @@ still be seen. The river flows nearly W, hence the village has southern sun. Large redwoods occupy the left bank of the stream. A deep place here provided fishing.</p> -<p>să-be-yĕ´ (M). The flat on the E side of South Fork, S +<p>să-be-yĕ´ (M). The flat on the E side of South Fork, S of Phillipsville. See Place Names.</p> -<p>4. tcingûlgeƚdûñ (name of a tree) (G). On the right bank +<p>4. tcingûlgeƚdûñ (name of a tree) (G). On the right bank of South Fork just below a turn to the E. Between the road and the river two pits were seen. There is a schoolhouse on the E side of the road. Many eels were caught near this village.</p> -<p>chig-gel´-e-yes´-ke (M). A place 1.9 mi. S of Phillipsville. +<p>chig-gel´-e-yes´-ke (M). A place 1.9 mi. S of Phillipsville. See Place Names.</p> -<p>5. daƚtcimmûndûñ (G). On the right (S) bank of South Fork, +<p>5. daƚtcimmûndûñ (G). On the right (S) bank of South Fork, where it flows W around a long ridge sloping down from the E. Seven pits were counted between the county road and the river, which may have carried others away. A large creek, seyekok (Rocky Glen Cr.), empties N of this place. This village was mentioned as -t'altcimmûndûñ by Albert in 1907.</p> +t'altcimmûndûñ by Albert in 1907.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span></p> @@ -3994,13 +3957,13 @@ t'altcimmûndûñ by Albert in 1907.</p> <div class="caption"><p>Map 12. Villages of the Shelter Cove Sinkyone.</p></div> </div> -<p>sĕ-tes´-kōk (M). Rocky Glen Cr. See Place Names.</p> +<p>sĕ-tes´-kōk (M). Rocky Glen Cr. See Place Names.</p> -<p>6. tca'lûñkī' (G). On the E bank of South Fork. A small +<p>6. tca'lûñkī' (G). On the E bank of South Fork. A small stream flows down from the E. Three pits were found on the N side of it and two on the S side. The place had been plowed. Charlie said there used to be many houses there. This village was given by -Albert as tca'lûntcī.</p> +Albert as tca'lûntcī.</p> <p>7. daƚkaikōk (G). On a flat 50 yds. E of the county bridge across Buhne Cr. (now called Dean Cr.), along both sides of @@ -4009,8 +3972,8 @@ two on the N side. The road and plowed fields may have reduced the number. This village was mentioned by Sam in 1903 as a settlement of his people.</p> -<p>tahs-ki´-ke (M). Merriam attributes this village to the -to-kub´-be people, who ranged E from here.</p> +<p>tahs-ki´-ke (M). Merriam attributes this village to the +to-kub´-be people, who ranged E from here.</p> <p>8. daƚkaikī' (G). On the W side of South Fork, opposite the mouth of Dean Cr. Albert said there used to be a village there.</p> @@ -4018,12 +3981,12 @@ the mouth of Dean Cr. Albert said there used to be a village there.</p> <p>This is evidently the village Merriam refers to in the paragraph above on village 7.</p> -<p>9. ƚtûgganōbī' (G). On a flat on the E side of South +<p>9. ƚtûgganōbī' (G). On a flat on the E side of South Fork about 1/4 mi. above the mouth of Redwood Cr. Goddard noted that the place had a favorable location, but did not find the pits. Albert said there used to be a village there.</p> -<p>stuk´-kan-no´-be (M). Name for the flat at this place. See +<p>stuk´-kan-no´-be (M). Name for the flat at this place. See Place Names.</p> <p>10. kōscīkī (G). A short way below Garberville, @@ -4031,13 +3994,13 @@ according to Sam (1903). Charlie said it was named kōssetcī' or kōsetcī' and that it was just below Garberville on the E side of the river. There used to be a store there.</p> -<p>11. sebīyedadûñ, "rocks under..?... place" (G). A village +<p>11. sebīyedadûñ, "rocks under..?... place" (G). A village at Garberville.</p> -<p>12. kûnteƚtcōbī', "flat large in" (G). On a flat +<p>12. kûnteƚtcōbī', "flat large in" (G). On a flat above Garberville.</p> -<p>ken-tes´-che tahng-ah´-te (M). A beautiful deep valley on +<p>ken-tes´-che tahng-ah´-te (M). A beautiful deep valley on South Fork just SW of Garberville.</p> <p>13. Usal (not necessarily the native name). Not mentioned by @@ -4049,19 +4012,19 @@ not been able to locate precisely.</p> <blockquote> -<p>kahs´-cho-so´-be (M). A village of the Briceland Sinkyone +<p>kahs´-cho-so´-be (M). A village of the Briceland Sinkyone on South Fork about 4 mi. S of Garberville and not in sight from the present highway. It may not actually be one of the Briceland Sinkyone villages.</p> -<p>kaicañkûk (G). On a ridge below Garberville. Information from +<p>kaicañkûk (G). On a ridge below Garberville. Information from Sam, 1903.</p> -<p>ƚtcīkûk (G). On a ridge below seyadûñ on South Fork. +<p>ƚtcīkûk (G). On a ridge below seyadûñ on South Fork. Information from Sam, 1903.</p> -<p>tōkûbbī (G). On a ridge above Garberville. Information -from Sam, 1903. seya(e)dûñ (G). On a ridge on the E side of South +<p>tōkûbbī (G). On a ridge above Garberville. Information +from Sam, 1903. seya(e)dûñ (G). On a ridge on the E side of South Fork, probably below Garberville.</p></blockquote> @@ -4077,117 +4040,117 @@ locations in tenths of miles.</p> <blockquote> -<p>tah´-cho. Main Eel R.</p> +<p>tah´-cho. Main Eel R.</p> -<p>hah´-tin cho´-be. A stretch of land on the S side of the main +<p>hah´-tin cho´-be. A stretch of land on the S side of the main Eel extending from Scotia Bridge E at least to Brown's Mill, and S from the river to the top of the ridge.</p> -<p>kahn-so´-ti-yĕ´, "under maple trees." A big loop of the +<p>kahn-so´-ti-yĕ´, "under maple trees." A big loop of the river 2 mi. E from Scotia Bridge.</p> -<p>hah´-ting-kōk. Jordan Cr., 2.2 mi. E of Scotia Bridge.</p> +<p>hah´-ting-kōk. Jordan Cr., 2.2 mi. E of Scotia Bridge.</p> -<p>hah´-tin cho´-be. The prairie on top of the ridge S of Jordan +<p>hah´-tin cho´-be. The prairie on top of the ridge S of Jordan Cr. An old Indian trail goes up there. [Harrow Prairie. Merriam gives the same name for the prairie and the stretch of land above. The stretch of land is probably a village named for the prairie.]</p> -<p>ahn´-sin ken-tes´-be, "Pepperwood Flat." A flat on the S side +<p>ahn´-sin ken-tes´-be, "Pepperwood Flat." A flat on the S side of the Eel, 3 mi. E of Scotia Bridge. [Pepperwood.]</p> -<p>lah´-sa tal´-kōk, "Buckeye Creek." Bear Cr., nearly 6 mi. E +<p>lah´-sa tal´-kōk, "Buckeye Creek." Bear Cr., nearly 6 mi. E of Scotia Bridge. "Used to be lots of salmon there."</p> -<p>lah-sā-se´-te. The present town of Shively.</p> +<p>lah-sā-se´-te. The present town of Shively.</p> -<p>bis´-kahl chum´-me. A bluff on Eel R. where the river makes a +<p>bis´-kahl chum´-me. A bluff on Eel R. where the river makes a loop to the S. About 6.3 mi. from Scotia Bridge.</p> -<p>sā-tahs´ chā-lin´-te. An extensive gravel flat on the N +<p>sā-tahs´ chā-lin´-te. An extensive gravel flat on the N side of the Eel in the curve of a big loop in the river, 6.5 mi. from Scotia Bridge.</p> -<p>sā-tahs´-be. A bluff on the N side of the Eel at the +<p>sā-tahs´-be. A bluff on the N side of the Eel at the railroad tunnel 6-3/4 or 7 mi. E from Scotia Bridge. Said to be a rough place.</p> -<p>ahn-sin´-tah´-be, "Pepperwood Flat." A flat on the S side of +<p>ahn-sin´-tah´-be, "Pepperwood Flat." A flat on the S side of the river 7.5 mi. E from Scotia Bridge. Place now called Pepperwood.</p> -<p>ahn-sin-tah´-kōk, "Pepperwood Creek." A small creek closely +<p>ahn-sin-tah´-kōk, "Pepperwood Creek." A small creek closely followed by the highway, about 7.5 to 8 mi. E from Scotia Bridge. [Evidently Chadd Cr.]</p> -<p>kahs-tes´-be. Holmes' lumber camp, on S side of Eel about 7.5 +<p>kahs-tes´-be. Holmes' lumber camp, on S side of Eel about 7.5 mi. E of Scotia Bridge.</p> -<p>slahn´-kō. Larabee Creek, entering the Eel from the E.</p> +<p>slahn´-kō. Larabee Creek, entering the Eel from the E.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span></p> -<p>kah´-li-cho´-be, "growing flat." At a place called Englewood, +<p>kah´-li-cho´-be, "growing flat." At a place called Englewood, a small settlement 9 mi. E of Scotia Bridge and continuing to Englewood Roadhouse at 9.8 mi. The name is said to refer to things "growing up" there.</p> -<p>tan´-kōs tah´-te (tan´-kōs means <i>Equisitum</i>). A long +<p>tan´-kōs tah´-te (tan´-kōs means <i>Equisitum</i>). A long ford 10.5 mi. E of Scotia Bridge. It is a long gravel bar on the N side of the river. It is named for the abundance of Horsetail (<i>Equisitum</i>) found there.</p> -<p>sā´ cho´-te (sa means "rock"). A big rock projecting into +<p>sā´ cho´-te (sa means "rock"). A big rock projecting into the river from the S side, 11.5 mi. from Scotia Bridge. [It appears to be what is now called High Rock.]</p> -<p>sā-tah´-ting. A redwood forest and flat near the rock sa +<p>sā-tah´-ting. A redwood forest and flat near the rock sa cho-te and named for that rock.</p> -<p>chin-tah´-tah. An extensive flat on the S side of the Eel from +<p>chin-tah´-tah. An extensive flat on the S side of the Eel from the mouth of South Fork W, including Dyerville, 13 mi. from Scotia Bridge.</p> -<p>tsă-vel´-be. An area on the S side of the Eel immediately W -of and adjoining chin-tah´-tah.</p> +<p>tsă-vel´-be. An area on the S side of the Eel immediately W +of and adjoining chin-tah´-tah.</p> -<p>lel´-lin teg´-o-be. The junction of South Fork with the main +<p>lel´-lin teg´-o-be. The junction of South Fork with the main Eel R.</p> -<p>sin´-ke-kōk. The South Fork of the Eel R.</p> +<p>sin´-ke-kōk. The South Fork of the Eel R.</p> -<p>tah´-tung-i´-kut. South Fork railroad station.</p> +<p>tah´-tung-i´-kut. South Fork railroad station.</p> -<p>nahl-tsin´-kah (nahl-tsuk´-kah). Old Camp Grant.</p> +<p>nahl-tsin´-kah (nahl-tsuk´-kah). Old Camp Grant.</p> -<p>·hles-yah´-kah (les-yah´-kah). Fruitland in Elk Prairie.</p> +<p>·hles-yah´-kah (les-yah´-kah). Fruitland in Elk Prairie.</p> -<p>sā-tah´-be. Eel Rock, about 12 mi. up the Eel from its +<p>sā-tah´-be. Eel Rock, about 12 mi. up the Eel from its junction with South Fork.</p> -<p>tah´-cho. The main Eel R.</p> +<p>tah´-cho. The main Eel R.</p> -<p>nah-tah´-ting i-kā. Dyerville Redwood Flat in the point +<p>nah-tah´-ting i-kā. Dyerville Redwood Flat in the point between the main Eel and South Fork. The name means "pointed out," a descriptive term suggested by the geographical feature.</p> -<p>lo-lahn´-kōk. Bull Cr.</p> +<p>lo-lahn´-kōk. Bull Cr.</p> -<p>kahs-cho´ chi-net´-tah. Schoolhouse Flat, 7 mi. up Bull Cr.</p> +<p>kahs-cho´ chi-net´-tah. Schoolhouse Flat, 7 mi. up Bull Cr.</p> -<p>sā´-es-chā-lin´-te, "rock run out." On the E side of +<p>sā´-es-chā-lin´-te, "rock run out." On the E side of South Fork 1/2 or 3/4 mi. S of Dyerville.</p> -<p>sit´-se-tahl´-ko. A small creek on the W side of South Fork +<p>sit´-se-tahl´-ko. A small creek on the W side of South Fork about 1/2 mi. S of Bull Cr. [Evidently Decker Cr.]</p> -<p>sā´-es´-kuk, "on top rock." A hill on the E side of South +<p>sā´-es´-kuk, "on top rock." A hill on the E side of South Fork 0.9 mi. S of Dyerville.</p> -<p>lah´-sā-cho´-te. A straight shoot of South Fork beginning -at sā´-es´-kuk Hill 0.9 mi. S of Dyerville. Lots of eels there +<p>lah´-sā-cho´-te. A straight shoot of South Fork beginning +at sā´-es´-kuk Hill 0.9 mi. S of Dyerville. Lots of eels there in the spring.</p> -<p>to-be´-ah. Schelling Camp Flat (lumber camp, garden, and +<p>to-be´-ah. Schelling Camp Flat (lumber camp, garden, and orchard) on the E side of South Fork beginning 2.2 mi. and extending about 1/2 mi. to the S. [Evidently this is the present town of Weott.]</p> @@ -4201,41 +4164,41 @@ town of Weott.]</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</a></span></p> -<p>nahn´-sin-cho´-ke. The big hill to be seen on the E side of +<p>nahn´-sin-cho´-ke. The big hill to be seen on the E side of South Fork 3 mi. S of Dyerville.</p> <p>sā-chōs-te (sā-cho-stă), "vulva rock." A long gravel bar along both sides of the river and including a redwood flat 4 mi. S of Dyerville. Named for a mark on a rock resembling a -woman's vulva, cho´-sā.</p> +woman's vulva, cho´-sā.</p> -<p>che-ōs-cho´-te. A stretch of river 4.75 mi. S of Dyerville, +<p>che-ōs-cho´-te. A stretch of river 4.75 mi. S of Dyerville, including a small but good redwood flat. The name refers to foam on the water.</p> -<p>sā´-boo-i-chan´-te. A big perforated rock in the river at a +<p>sā´-boo-i-chan´-te. A big perforated rock in the river at a sharp bend 5.1 mi. S of Dyerville.</p> -<p>kah-tah´-be. A stretch along both sides of the river 7.5 mi. +<p>kah-tah´-be. A stretch along both sides of the river 7.5 mi. S of Dyerville. It includes the State Redwood Park office building and adjacent redwoods.</p> -<p>ken´-tes-cho´-be. Myers Flat, a little over 8 mi. S of +<p>ken´-tes-cho´-be. Myers Flat, a little over 8 mi. S of Dyerville, including Myers Roadhouse. The Indians say this place was never covered with timber.</p> -<p>ses-che´-is-ke. A place 8.7 mi. S of Dyerville, above +<p>ses-che´-is-ke. A place 8.7 mi. S of Dyerville, above ken-tes-cho-be.</p> -<p>sā-bug´-gah-nah´. A place 9 mi. S of Dyerville where the +<p>sā-bug´-gah-nah´. A place 9 mi. S of Dyerville where the river goes around rocks. [Evidently Eagle Pt.] George Burt once lived here and his son Guy Burt was born here.</p> -<p>tub´-bel-chin´-tah chā-gel-kōk. A small creek 10 mi. S +<p>tub´-bel-chin´-tah chā-gel-kōk. A small creek 10 mi. S of Dyerville, entering South Fork from the E just S of a bend in the river. [Evidently Bridge Cr.]</p> -<p>sōl´-te-che. A place at the mouth of Elk Cr., on the E side +<p>sōl´-te-che. A place at the mouth of Elk Cr., on the E side of South Fork. Includes the eastern part of Bolling Grove.</p> <p>sōl-te-kōk. Elk Creek, entering South Fork from the E in @@ -4244,47 +4207,47 @@ Bolling Grove, 10.3 mi. S of Dyerville.</p> <p>sen-tĕ<sup>ch</sup>-be. A rock in the river at a small bend 11.2 mi. S of Dyerville.</p> -<p>ni´-te´-tĕ el-lah´-tĕ, "dog drowned" ... A place where a +<p>ni´-te´-tĕ el-lah´-tĕ, "dog drowned" ... A place where a new bridge is now (1923) being built across South Fork, 12 mi. S of Dyerville. [Evidently this refers to the bridge at Blair Grove.]</p> -<p>suk´-ke-chōs kah´-me, "eagle pawn." A big flat on the W +<p>suk´-ke-chōs kah´-me, "eagle pawn." A big flat on the W side of the river 12.5 mi. S of Dyerville.</p> -<p>chah´-ni-che´. Another large flat on the W side of the river, +<p>chah´-ni-che´. Another large flat on the W side of the river, 13.5 mi. from Dyerville.</p> -<p>sah-nah´-kōk. Salmon Cr., entering South Fork from the W +<p>sah-nah´-kōk. Salmon Cr., entering South Fork from the W nearly opposite Miranda.</p> -<p>kahs´-cho-boo´-ah´-me. This was a small settlement in a flat +<p>kahs´-cho-boo´-ah´-me. This was a small settlement in a flat at Miranda, 14.5 mi. S of Dyerville.</p> -<p>sā-nan-sung´ (·sā-nan-tsin´-kah). Bear Butte, a +<p>sā-nan-sung´ (·sā-nan-tsin´-kah). Bear Butte, a conspicuous peak on the W side of South Fork, about 18 mi. S of Dyerville.</p> -<p>sā´-chen-to´-te, "water against rock." A place in the river +<p>sā´-chen-to´-te, "water against rock." A place in the river 16 mi. S of Dyerville.</p> -<p>kă-kes´-kōk (kĕ-kes´-kōk). Fish Cr., 16.9 mi. S of +<p>kă-kes´-kōk (kĕ-kes´-kōk). Fish Cr., 16.9 mi. S of Dyerville.</p> -<p>kin´-tes-tah´-te. A big flat, probably a mile long and very +<p>kin´-tes-tah´-te. A big flat, probably a mile long and very broad, on the W side of the river, 17.5 mi. S of Dyerville. Just N of Phillipsville but on the opposite side of the river.</p> -<p>ket´-tin-tel´-be. A flat (now orchard and ranch) and village +<p>ket´-tin-tel´-be. A flat (now orchard and ranch) and village on the E side of South Fork, 18 mi. S of Dyerville, at a place now called Phillipsville. It comprises a fine redwood grove and a good camping place.</p> -<p>să-be-yĕ´. A flat on the E side of the river 0.7 mi. S +<p>să-be-yĕ´. A flat on the E side of the river 0.7 mi. S of Phillipsville.</p></blockquote> <p>A mile south of Phillipsville there is a good view of Garberville Ridge, -sĕ-chung´-kuk, a fine ridge, part timbered and part open grassy -hillside, which slopes west from Little Buck Mountain, nā-ah-ki´-kah, +sĕ-chung´-kuk, a fine ridge, part timbered and part open grassy +hillside, which slopes west from Little Buck Mountain, nā-ah-ki´-kah, the highest point, some distance back on the east.</p> <blockquote> @@ -4292,101 +4255,101 @@ the highest point, some distance back on the east.</p> <p>to-be-yĕ, "prairie under." A small flat on the W side of the river 1 mi. S of Phillipsville.</p> -<p>yen-nes´-be. A place 1.6 mi. S of Phillipsville.</p> +<p>yen-nes´-be. A place 1.6 mi. S of Phillipsville.</p> -<p>chig-gel´-e-yes´-ke. A place 1.9 mi. S of Phillipsville.</p> +<p>chig-gel´-e-yes´-ke. A place 1.9 mi. S of Phillipsville.</p> -<p>sĕ´-chin-kōk´. A small stream probably 1.2 mi. S of +<p>sĕ´-chin-kōk´. A small stream probably 1.2 mi. S of Phillipsville. A possibility of error here. If the location is correct, the stream is probably Ohman Cr.</p> -<p>sĕ<sup>hl</sup>-ki´-kōk. A creek 2.1 mi. S of Phillipsville. The +<p>sĕ<sup>hl</sup>-ki´-kōk. A creek 2.1 mi. S of Phillipsville. The preceding location is probably an error and this is Ohman Cr.</p> -<p>sĕ-ki´-ke. The land S of sĕ<sup>hl</sup>-ki´-kōk Creek, +<p>sĕ-ki´-ke. The land S of sĕ<sup>hl</sup>-ki´-kōk Creek, reaching to 2.5 mi. S of Phillipsville.</p> -<p>sĕ-tes´-kōk, "hard rock creek." Rocky Glen Cr., 2.5 mi. +<p>sĕ-tes´-kōk, "hard rock creek." Rocky Glen Cr., 2.5 mi. S of Phillipsville.</p> -<p>ki-tes´-be, "hard brush." A place 2.9 mi. S of Phillipsville. +<p>ki-tes´-be, "hard brush." A place 2.9 mi. S of Phillipsville. There is a small ranch and orchard there now (1923).</p> -<p>chan-tan-che´. A place a little more than 3 mi. S of +<p>chan-tan-che´. A place a little more than 3 mi. S of Phillipsville. There are two big rocks and a creek there.</p> -<p>sĕ-to´-be. A big rock facing a high bluff 4.3 mi. S of +<p>sĕ-to´-be. A big rock facing a high bluff 4.3 mi. S of Phillipsville.</p> -<p>sā-ken-nes´, "talking rock." A big rock on a creek on the W +<p>sā-ken-nes´, "talking rock." A big rock on a creek on the W side of the river, 5.6 mi. S of Phillipsville.</p> -<p>tuk´-ke-tahk. A beautiful open and partly wooded hill on the W +<p>tuk´-ke-tahk. A beautiful open and partly wooded hill on the W side of the river 6 mi. S of Phillipsville.</p> -<p>tuk´-ă-tah´-be. A place on the E side of the river 6 mi. S -of Phillipsville. Named from tuk´-ke-tahk hill.</p> +<p>tuk´-ă-tah´-be. A place on the E side of the river 6 mi. S +of Phillipsville. Named from tuk´-ke-tahk hill.</p> -<p>tahs-ki´-kōk, "white flag creek." Dean Canyon Cr., 6.4 mi. +<p>tahs-ki´-kōk, "white flag creek." Dean Canyon Cr., 6.4 mi. S of Phillipsville.</p> -<p>tahs-ki´-ke. Village at the mouth of tahs-ki´-kōk creek. It -belongs to the To-kub´-be tribe.</p> +<p>tahs-ki´-ke. Village at the mouth of tahs-ki´-kōk creek. It +belongs to the To-kub´-be tribe.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span></p> -<p>to´-che-be. A flat on the W side of the river 7.8 mi. S of +<p>to´-che-be. A flat on the W side of the river 7.8 mi. S of Phillipsville.</p> -<p>bus´-ken-nes´, "cliff talking." A cliff or bluff opposite -to´-che-be.</p> +<p>bus´-ken-nes´, "cliff talking." A cliff or bluff opposite +to´-che-be.</p> -<p>stuk´-kan-no´-be. A big semicircular grassy flat on the E side +<p>stuk´-kan-no´-be. A big semicircular grassy flat on the E side of the river beginning about 8 mi. S of Phillipsville. The present town of Redway.</p> -<p>ahn´-chin-tah´-kōk. Redwood Cr.</p> +<p>ahn´-chin-tah´-kōk. Redwood Cr.</p> -<p>se´-ken-tĕ<sup>ch</sup>-tĕ. A place 9.5 mi. S of Phillipsville.</p> +<p>se´-ken-tĕ<sup>ch</sup>-tĕ. A place 9.5 mi. S of Phillipsville.</p> -<p>sah-nah´-che-chel´-le. A place and creek 9.7 mi. S of +<p>sah-nah´-che-chel´-le. A place and creek 9.7 mi. S of Phillipsville.</p> -<p>bus-ki´-cho. A white bluff on the road 10 mi. S of +<p>bus-ki´-cho. A white bluff on the road 10 mi. S of Phillipsville.</p> -<p>kōs-kun-tes´-kah. A sloping, grassy, open flat 10.3 mi. S -of Phillipsville. There was a To-kub´-be village here.</p> +<p>kōs-kun-tes´-kah. A sloping, grassy, open flat 10.3 mi. S +of Phillipsville. There was a To-kub´-be village here.</p> -<p>ko´-se-che´. The area on both sides of the river 10.6 mi. S of +<p>ko´-se-che´. The area on both sides of the river 10.6 mi. S of Phillipsville. Just N of the Garberville bridge across Bear Canyon.</p> -<p>sā-gĕ´-chĕ, "egg rock." A bold upright rock at the +<p>sā-gĕ´-chĕ, "egg rock." A bold upright rock at the N end of the Garberville bridge across Bear Canyon; 10.6 mi. S of Phillipsville.</p> -<p>ken-tes´-che tahng-ah´-te. A beautiful deep valley on South +<p>ken-tes´-che tahng-ah´-te. A beautiful deep valley on South Fork just SW of Garberville. The bridge across the river on the way to Briceland is in this valley.</p> -<p>si-cho´-kuk. A large village of the To-kub´-be near the site +<p>si-cho´-kuk. A large village of the To-kub´-be near the site of the bridge across South Fork on the way from Garberville to Briceland.</p> -<p>nahs-lin´-che. An area and village in a loop of South Fork a +<p>nahs-lin´-che. An area and village in a loop of South Fork a few miles S or SW of Garberville.</p> -<p>ken´-nahl-lag´-gah-kōk (kan´-no-lig´-ah-kōk). East +<p>ken´-nahl-lag´-gah-kōk (kan´-no-lig´-ah-kōk). East Branch of the South Fork of the Eel R.</p> -<p>nā-yahn´-kah. A hill on the W side of South Fork near the +<p>nā-yahn´-kah. A hill on the W side of South Fork near the bridge over East Branch.</p> -<p>kahs´-cho-so´-be. A place and village on South Fork about 4 +<p>kahs´-cho-so´-be. A place and village on South Fork about 4 mi. S of Garberville and 3 or 4 mi. from the highway. Not in sight from the highway.</p> -<p>kahs´-cho so´-ning-i´-be. A large redwood flat (Richardson +<p>kahs´-cho so´-ning-i´-be. A large redwood flat (Richardson Grove) on the W side of South Fork on the Humboldt side of the Humboldt-Mendocino County line.</p></blockquote> @@ -4404,32 +4367,32 @@ Humboldt-Mendocino County line.</p></blockquote> <tr> <td>Bear River</td> - <td>chahn´-kōk</td> + <td>chahn´-kōk</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Briceland</td> - <td>to-cho´-be</td> + <td>to-cho´-be</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Elk Ridge</td> - <td>chi-chin´-kah</td> + <td>chi-chin´-kah</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mattole River mouth</td> - <td>tah´-che</td> + <td>tah´-che</td> </tr> <tr> <td>North Fork Mattole</td> - <td>nahn-tsin-tah´-kōk</td> + <td>nahn-tsin-tah´-kōk</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Rainbow Peak</td> - <td>tsa-che-be, tsa-bahng´-um</td> + <td>tsa-che-be, tsa-bahng´-um</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -4439,12 +4402,12 @@ Humboldt-Mendocino County line.</p></blockquote> <tr> <td>Taylor Peak</td> - <td>nahn-tsin´-kah</td> + <td>nahn-tsin´-kah</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Upper Mattole</td> - <td>kun-sah´-ke</td> + <td>kun-sah´-ke</td> </tr> </table></div> @@ -4455,79 +4418,79 @@ Humboldt-Mendocino County line.</p></blockquote> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="On or near the Van Duzen River"> <tr> <td>Alton</td> - <td>chen´-nă-che</td></tr> + <td>chen´-nă-che</td></tr> <tr> <td>Bald Jesse Mt.</td> - <td>kōng-kel-tel´-kah</td></tr> + <td>kōng-kel-tel´-kah</td></tr> <tr> <td>Bridgeville</td> - <td>ahn´-sin-tah´-che-be´</td></tr> + <td>ahn´-sin-tah´-che-be´</td></tr> <tr> <td>Buck Mt.</td> - <td>nahn´-tsin´-kah</td></tr> + <td>nahn´-tsin´-kah</td></tr> <tr> <td>Carlotta</td> - <td>yah-hlahn´-che</td></tr> + <td>yah-hlahn´-che</td></tr> <tr> <td>Chalk Mt.</td> - <td>sā-til-bi´</td></tr> + <td>sā-til-bi´</td></tr> <tr> <td>Chalk Mt. Ridge</td> - <td>nĕ-chin´-tuk-kah, nā-chin´-tă-kah</td></tr> + <td>nĕ-chin´-tuk-kah, nā-chin´-tă-kah</td></tr> <tr> <td>Fort Baker</td> <td>sā-shā-be</td></tr> <tr> <td>Iaqua region</td> - <td>kōng-tel-kil´-kōk</td></tr> + <td>kōng-tel-kil´-kōk</td></tr> <tr> <td>Iaqua Buttes</td> - <td>sĕhl-kus´-ă-kuk ("two points")</td></tr> + <td>sĕhl-kus´-ă-kuk ("two points")</td></tr> <tr> <td>Larabee Buttes</td> - <td>yah-kah´-nik-kah (tă´-che-kah)</td></tr> + <td>yah-kah´-nik-kah (tă´-che-kah)</td></tr> <tr> <td>Larabee Cr.</td> - <td>slahn´-ko</td></tr> + <td>slahn´-ko</td></tr> <tr> <td>Lawrence Cr.</td> - <td>yah-tlahn´-kōk (ye-tah´-nah-ling´-kōk)</td></tr> + <td>yah-tlahn´-kōk (ye-tah´-nah-ling´-kōk)</td></tr> <tr> <td>Lassik Buttes</td> - <td>tse´-nahn-tsin´-kah</td></tr> + <td>tse´-nahn-tsin´-kah</td></tr> <tr> <td>Lassik Pk.</td> - <td>ki´-chil-kahn-kah</td></tr> + <td>ki´-chil-kahn-kah</td></tr> <tr> <td>Little Larabee Cr.</td> - <td>so´-kōk</td></tr> + <td>so´-kōk</td></tr> <tr> <td>Metropolitan</td> - <td>yah-hlahn´-kuk</td></tr> + <td>yah-hlahn´-kuk</td></tr> <tr> <td>Rohnerville</td> - <td>to-ti´-kah</td></tr> + <td>to-ti´-kah</td></tr> <tr> <td>Rio Dell</td> - <td>ken-tel-cho´ (kin-tel´-te)</td></tr> + <td>ken-tel-cho´ (kin-tel´-te)</td></tr> <tr> <td>Scotia</td> - <td>kahs-cho ken-tel´-te</td></tr> + <td>kahs-cho ken-tel´-te</td></tr> <tr> <td>Showers Pass</td> <td>sā-chă-be</td></tr> <tr> <td>Van Duzen R.</td> - <td>chin´-ne-kok (ken´-ne-kok)</td></tr> + <td>chin´-ne-kok (ken´-ne-kok)</td></tr> <tr> <td>Van Duzen R. mouth</td> - <td>kin´-ne-ke</td></tr> + <td>kin´-ne-ke</td></tr> <tr> <td>Yager Cr.</td> - <td>yah-'hlahn´-kōk</td></tr> + <td>yah-'hlahn´-kōk</td></tr> <tr> <td>Yagerville</td> - <td>chis-sis´-ahn´-tah</td></tr> + <td>chis-sis´-ahn´-tah</td></tr> </table></div> <h4>ETHNOGRAPHIC NOTES</h4> @@ -4538,20 +4501,20 @@ taken verbatim from Merriam's notes. The informant was George Burt.</p> <blockquote> <p>The Lolahnkok did not fight much with other tribes but were -sometimes attacked by the Chĕ-teg´-ge-kah of the region north of +sometimes attacked by the Chĕ-teg´-ge-kah of the region north of Round Valley [Pitch Wailaki]; and they think the Long Valley people also used to make raids on them to steal women.</p> <p>Chief Lassik, whose name is often used in a tribal sense, -belonged to the Kittel´ tribe—a tribe reaching from Iaqua south to +belonged to the Kittel´ tribe—a tribe reaching from Iaqua south to Dobbyn Creek [Nongatl].</p> <p>Chalk Mountain was only a few miles east of the boundary -between the Kittel´ and the Lolahnkok, and the Lolahnkok were +between the Kittel´ and the Lolahnkok, and the Lolahnkok were permitted to hunt there.</p> <p><i>Shelter Cove Sinkyone.</i>—Trees are felled by means of elkhorn -chisels called beh-cho, and stone mauls called sā´tah—a very +chisels called beh-cho, and stone mauls called sā´tah—a very tedious and laborious operation. When the tree has fallen, the logs are cut in lengths by the same process. Planks are split off from these logs by driving the elkhorn wedges into the ends of the logs. @@ -4574,11 +4537,11 @@ Bull Creek Sinkyone. It was originally found growing on burned-over places and the people planted the seeds in ashes, usually on a burned place.</p> -<p>Buckeye nuts, called lah-sĕ´, were cooked in a basket with +<p>Buckeye nuts, called lah-sĕ´, were cooked in a basket with hot stones after the manner of acorns. They were then mashed and kneaded into dough, which was buried for a while in fine sand.</p> -<p>Wild Ginger (<i>Asarum</i> sp.) is called tan-nas-bos´. It is good +<p>Wild Ginger (<i>Asarum</i> sp.) is called tan-nas-bos´. It is good medicine for pain in the stomach. The leaves are pounded and soaked in cold water. The sick person drinks plenty of this water and vomits. After a little while he gets well and is hungry and eats.</p> @@ -4588,7 +4551,7 @@ rub sōl on your hands, and if you get a chance rub her neck and she will give in. Sōl is strong medicine.</p> <p>An aromatic <i>Umbellifer</i> (species not identified) is called -sōl´-che-but-tah´; the root, sōl´-che. It is used for +sōl´-che-but-tah´; the root, sōl´-che. It is used for purification and as a disinfectant. The root is burned and the smoke wafted around to make the house more plentiful. It does not grow on Bull Creek or South Fork Eel River but grows on Rainbow @@ -4596,26 +4559,26 @@ Mountain and some of the other high ridges. The root is highly prized.</p> <p>The Spotted Owl (<i>Strix occidentalis caurina</i>) is called -kah-ko´. He is a bad bird. If he flies close to a person, the +kah-ko´. He is a bad bird. If he flies close to a person, the person will faint.</p> -<p>The Dove (<i>Zenaidura</i>) is called bi´-yu. His grandmother was -burned to death. Bi´-yu was asked to gamble and replied, "I'll +<p>The Dove (<i>Zenaidura</i>) is called bi´-yu. His grandmother was +burned to death. Bi´-yu was asked to gamble and replied, "I'll gamble every winter; in spring and summer I'll cry." Now we always hear the Dove cry in summer.</p> <p>The Red-shafted Flicker (<i>Colaptes cafer</i>) is called -mun´-chis-bul. He makes a rattling noise in the spring. He was told +mun´-chis-bul. He makes a rattling noise in the spring. He was told that by doing this he would make the horns of the deer grow. He was told also that when the deer became fat he would grow fat, but the people fooled him for he did not grow fat.</p> <p>The Yellow-bird (<i>Astragalinus tristis</i>) is called -sin-sun-sĕ-gahng-ti-ne tahs´-che, "to take away pain." If the +sin-sun-sĕ-gahng-ti-ne tahs´-che, "to take away pain." If the old folks were suffering, they would get him to sing to take the pain away.</p> -<p>The Kildeer (<i>Oxyechus vociferus</i>) is called ni´-til-yi´-che +<p>The Kildeer (<i>Oxyechus vociferus</i>) is called ni´-til-yi´-che from the necklace, ni-tal-yah, on its throat. In the long ago time the water was very high and rough; big waves were coming in and the people were afraid to cross in their canoes, so they got the @@ -4624,8 +4587,8 @@ and could handle a boat better than any of the others. The people talked about him and said he was the best and the only one to get them across. So he took them across and saved them.</p> -<p>The Coyote (<i>Canis latrans</i>), called shŭ´-bĕ, and the -Shrewmole (<i>Neürotrichus</i> sp.), called ske´-cho, made the world and +<p>The Coyote (<i>Canis latrans</i>), called shŭ´-bĕ, and the +Shrewmole (<i>Neürotrichus</i> sp.), called ske´-cho, made the world and the people. The Coyote had a number of children. The Shrewmole said that when people died they should come back to live again. Coyote said, "No, there would be too many people; when they die they had @@ -4635,30 +4598,30 @@ but the Shrewmole said, "No; you said there would be too many people and you wanted dead people to stay dead, so your children cannot come back." Then Coyote cried.</p> -<p>The Raccoon (<i>Procyon lotor</i>) is called nah´-ke-gis´-chah. +<p>The Raccoon (<i>Procyon lotor</i>) is called nah´-ke-gis´-chah. A long time ago he was a doctor. He was able to talk to persons suffering severe pains and could draw the pain out. He would dance and sing and pull out the pains and fall back. One time he took a flint out of a sick person.</p> <p>In the olden time the people tried to make the Elk (<i>Cervus -roosevelti</i>), called yēs´-cho, out of the Cottontail Rabbit +roosevelti</i>), called yēs´-cho, out of the Cottontail Rabbit (<i>Sylvilagus</i> sp.). They put horns on his head and sent him into the brush, but the horns stuck in the bushes and he could not move. -Then the people called him sti´-che and told him he must always +Then the people called him sti´-che and told him he must always stay in the brush.</p> -<p>The Bat is called nah´-tă-bahn´-se. He wears a robe of bear +<p>The Bat is called nah´-tă-bahn´-se. He wears a robe of bear hide over his shoulders. A long time ago when the First People were at war they wanted the Bat to make peace and they hired him to make peace. The people told him to fix up good. He did so and said, "I -am the one who can talk big." He sang ho-wā´-nah han´-nah. The +am the one who can talk big." He sang ho-wā´-nah han´-nah. The enemy agreed, and peace was made.</p> <p>Our people have songs for the Elk, Deer, Coon, Otter, Mink, Bat, and some other animals.</p> -<p>Slugs (<i>Arion columbianus</i>) are called nah´-tos. To prepare +<p>Slugs (<i>Arion columbianus</i>) are called nah´-tos. To prepare [them] for eating, a slender stick is thrust through the head to hold the animal easily. It is then cut open lengthwise on the belly and the dark insides removed, after which it is dried. When wanted, @@ -4730,8 +4693,8 @@ His statement on these people, taken verbatim from his notes, follows.</p> <blockquote> -<p>The Bettōl´ or Pet´-tōl´, as they call themselves, -(commonly called Mattōl´), inhabit the coast region from Davis +<p>The Bettōl´ or Pet´-tōl´, as they call themselves, +(commonly called Mattōl´), inhabit the coast region from Davis Creek, about six miles south of Bear River, southerly to Spanish Flat, which is about 12 miles below the mouth of Mattole River. Their center of distribution appears to have been the Valley of @@ -4743,24 +4706,24 @@ and 500 persons.</p> <p>Their southern boundary, Spanish Flat, is the northern boundary of the Shelter Cove tribe, which reached thence southerly -to or beyond Bear Harbor. The Mattōl´ say that the Shelter Cove +to or beyond Bear Harbor. The Mattōl´ say that the Shelter Cove language is materially different from their own, and different also from that of the Briceland Tribe, and that the Briceland language is very hard to speak or understand. They declined to give the name of either of these tribes.</p> -<p>The eastern boundary of the Mattōl´ I was unable to locate +<p>The eastern boundary of the Mattōl´ I was unable to locate exactly. They gave it as along or near the west base of Elk Mountain Ridge, including the Valley of Upper North Fork Mattole River. At the same time they gave the names of two 'tribes' or bands as inhabiting the Rainbow Ridge and Elk Ridge region. The Elk Ridge tribe they call Să-bahng-kahng, the Rainbow Ridge -people Sĕ-tso´-ik (from Sĕ-tso-ēk, Rainbow Peak). There is +people Sĕ-tso´-ik (from Sĕ-tso-ēk, Rainbow Peak). There is uncertainty as to the relations and geographic locations of these bands.</p> <p>The tribe inhabiting the coast at Needle Rock they call -E´-lĕ-tung. It is the same as the Shelter Cove tribe.</p></blockquote> +E´-lĕ-tung. It is the same as the Shelter Cove tribe.</p></blockquote> <h4>TRIBELETS</h4> @@ -4801,7 +4764,7 @@ out into the surf. Many shells and stones mark the village site. This village stood in the middle of a 2-mi. stretch of sandy beach, which reaches from gotxenin to a mile N of this village.</p> -<p>4. sedjildaxdiñ (G). Close up under the hill. The wind has +<p>4. sedjildaxdiñ (G). Close up under the hill. The wind has carried away the soil, leaving a great pile of shells. Just S, a stream comes down the hillside with only a gulch [La Rue Gulch], no valley.</p> @@ -4830,7 +4793,7 @@ were still lying about. The village was not burned, according to Joe. The burying place is 100 yds. N on a separate bench of the same mountainside.</p> -<p>să-be´-ah (M). On the ocean beach 1 mi. N of the mouth of +<p>să-be´-ah (M). On the ocean beach 1 mi. N of the mouth of the Mattole.</p> <p>Goddard and Merriam do not give quite the same location for @@ -4846,23 +4809,23 @@ evidently the same.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></span></p> -<p>8. bekenō'adiñ (G). This was 300 yds. S of the mouth of +<p>8. bekenō'adiñ (G). This was 300 yds. S of the mouth of the Mattole R. and 100 yds E of the present surf line. There is an elevation of broken shells and other refuse on the sandy beach. Joe Duncan remembers seeing the village when it was inhabited.</p> -<p>9. lasaidûk (G). On the sand of the beach 1/3 mi. S of the +<p>9. lasaidûk (G). On the sand of the beach 1/3 mi. S of the mouth of Mattole R., the second village S of there. The wind has blown the sand and soil away exposing the shell fragments.</p> -<p>10. dzindiñ (G). By the mouth of a small stream 3/4 mi. S of +<p>10. dzindiñ (G). By the mouth of a small stream 3/4 mi. S of the mouth of the Mattole R.</p> -<p>11. sastecdiñ (G). On a small bench N of a little stream a +<p>11. sastecdiñ (G). On a small bench N of a little stream a mile S of the mouth of the Mattole R. Fragments of shells were to be seen.</p> -<p>12. senalindiñ (G). About a mile and a half S of the mouth of +<p>12. senalindiñ (G). About a mile and a half S of the mouth of the Mattole R.; on a small flat with a point of land S of it and a rocky bluff to the E. Broken shells are to be seen. There are now a hut and corral on this flat. The point S, a part of Punta Gorda, is @@ -4919,7 +4882,7 @@ are still to be seen. The Goff buildings are close by and occupy part of the village site. This flat was plowed for the Indians in 186..(?). There is water in a gulch W (Jim Goff Gulch).</p> -<p>nes-te´-be (M). On the present Goff Ranch on a bench on the N +<p>nes-te´-be (M). On the present Goff Ranch on a bench on the N side of the Mattole R., about 3 mi. upstream from the ocean.</p> <p>The names are different but the locations are identical, so @@ -4929,7 +4892,7 @@ these are no doubt the same village.</p> flat W of Petrolia, on the S side of the river. It was here that the Indians settled when they came back from the reservation.</p> -<p>seb´-bin-ne bug´-gah-be (M). An acorn camp on the S side of +<p>seb´-bin-ne bug´-gah-be (M). An acorn camp on the S side of the Mattole R. a little below the present Hanson place, 3 mi. from the mouth of the river.</p> @@ -4952,7 +4915,7 @@ North Fork of the Mattole, E of the road to Ferndale. A white man's house, on a higher flat near the creek, has been burned. It was here the Indian village stood.</p> -<p>25. djetxeniñ (G). On the N side of the North Fork of the +<p>25. djetxeniñ (G). On the N side of the North Fork of the Mattole just W of a creek flowing into it from the N. It is at the western end of a long crooked canyon. Under a point were five very large distinct pits. There were evidences of occupation on the @@ -4964,8 +4927,8 @@ point above (the creek is called Wild Goose Cr.?).</p> McNutt Gulch. The inhabitants of sitcīcbī (no. 1) camped here in summer to hunt. Timber and brush.</p> -<p>27. djibbedaxtûkkabī<sup>ε</sup> (G). On a point on the S -side of North Fork of Mattole R. Opposite djetxeniñ. Joe saw people +<p>27. djibbedaxtûkkabī<sup>ε</sup> (G). On a point on the S +side of North Fork of Mattole R. Opposite djetxeniñ. Joe saw people living here when he ran away from the white man who was taking him away for a slave.</p> @@ -4979,7 +4942,7 @@ once lived there. There was a pit on the W side of the stream from the N and two pits on the N side of the main stream 1/4 mi. below the junction.</p> -<p>29. sedjegûnkōƚdiñ, "right angle" (?) (G). On a flat on +<p>29. sedjegûnkōƚdiñ, "right angle" (?) (G). On a flat on the N side of the Mattole R. E of the bridge. It is now occupied by John Evarts.</p> @@ -4987,7 +4950,7 @@ John Evarts.</p> creek flowing into the Mattole R. from the N, 3/4 mi. W of the county bridge SE of Petrolia (Conklin Cr.).</p> -<p>31. daƚoidiñ, "wild grape place" (?) (G). At the mouth of +<p>31. daƚoidiñ, "wild grape place" (?) (G). At the mouth of a creek (Indian Cr.) flowing into the Mattole R. from the SE at the northern end of a flat nearly a mile long. Saw what may have been pits, one on each side of the road by the duck pond near the @@ -4998,7 +4961,7 @@ of the Cooskie tribelet.</p> wide on the E side of Mattole R., which here flows N. It is at the ford.</p> -<p>33. saiqōtLûndiñ (G). On a long flat bordering the eastern +<p>33. saiqōtLûndiñ (G). On a long flat bordering the eastern side of the Mattole R. Joe said the village was at the southern end of the flat, which is now owned by Lee Minor.</p> @@ -5019,7 +4982,7 @@ the village is uncertain.</p> R. The river is here no distance from the road. "Joe got very angry when I wanted to look for pits."</p> -<p>38. īkediñ, "foot place" (G). On the N side of a small +<p>38. īkediñ, "foot place" (G). On the N side of a small stream flowing into the Mattole R. from the E, at the SE side of a flat. There are two deep pits and several, less deep, on the E side of the wagon road. A large group of buildings are on a higher @@ -5027,7 +4990,7 @@ flat SE. There is a large flat on the W side of the river also. The whites killed all of the inhabitants while they were fishing for eels.</p> -<p>39. ƚīgûcLûndiñ, "snakes many place" (G). Probably on +<p>39. ƚīgûcLûndiñ, "snakes many place" (G). Probably on the W side of the river where there is a large flat around which the river flows, keeping near the high bank on the E. The road runs along the eastern side of the river and climbs a considerable grade @@ -5037,10 +5000,10 @@ at the N.</p> end of a flat on the E side of the Mattole R. Fifteen Indians were killed here by white people.</p> -<p>41. nōwilkediñ (gacdûlyaidiñ, "like a necktie") (G). Said +<p>41. nōwilkediñ (gacdûlyaidiñ, "like a necktie") (G). Said to be situated between the Upper North Fork and the Mattole R.</p> -<p>42. djegûllindiñ (G). On the W side of the stream coming into +<p>42. djegûllindiñ (G). On the W side of the stream coming into Mattole R. from the S close to the Humboldt Meridian (Honeydew Cr.). Indians may also have lived on the E side of this stream. The application of this name is uncertain.</p></blockquote> @@ -5076,30 +5039,30 @@ imperfect map, hence they must be used only with the greatest care.</p> Mattole R. at Upper Mattole. Perhaps de'kok is Squaw Cr., mentioned in the Elk and Coyote stories. NW 1/4, sec. 30, T. 2 S., R. 1 W.</p> -<p>ne'nûnyadûñ. On the E side of the river 3 mi. above de'tci'. +<p>ne'nûnyadûñ. On the E side of the river 3 mi. above de'tci'. There are two creeks there. This may be the village, and de'tci' the whole Upper Mattole flat. Notes say 3 mi. from Mattole, which is Charlie's name for Petrolia.</p> -<p>k'atinta'. Above ne'nûnyadûñ on the Mattole R. at the mouth of +<p>k'atinta'. Above ne'nûnyadûñ on the Mattole R. at the mouth of kutsai'kok. NE 1/4, sec. 33, T. 2 S., R. 1 W.</p> -<p>tcûlgûnnak'e'. Some distance above k'acinta' on Mattole R.</p> +<p>tcûlgûnnak'e'. Some distance above k'acinta' on Mattole R.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></span></p> -<p>tcintcûskōdûñ. On a hill on the E side of Mattole R.</p> +<p>tcintcûskōdûñ. On a hill on the E side of Mattole R.</p> -<p>tcûstīmī'. On the W side of the Mattole R. on a big -flat, S of tcintcûskōdûñ. No creek empties there.</p> +<p>tcûstīmī'. On the W side of the Mattole R. on a big +flat, S of tcintcûskōdûñ. No creek empties there.</p> -<p>istannaladûñ. On a large flat on the Mattole R. No creek +<p>istannaladûñ. On a large flat on the Mattole R. No creek empties there.</p> -<p>setûggûttcī'. On the E side of the Mattole R. at the mouth +<p>setûggûttcī'. On the E side of the Mattole R. at the mouth of setuggukkok. Sec. 14, T. 3 S., R. 1 E.</p> -<p>tceliñkī'. On both sides of a small creek which enters +<p>tceliñkī'. On both sides of a small creek which enters a larger stream near the latter's junction from the E with the Mattole R. The valley of the river is wide at this point. A large group of buildings is now standing on this site. "I rode to this @@ -5118,20 +5081,20 @@ villages either by location or name.</p> <blockquote> -<p>tah-tah´-ke-ke. On a small flat on the S side of the Mattole +<p>tah-tah´-ke-ke. On a small flat on the S side of the Mattole R. about 1/4 mi. back from the ocean.</p> -<p>tahn'-hrā´-lah-be. At the mouth of the Mattole R. (on a +<p>tahn'-hrā´-lah-be. At the mouth of the Mattole R. (on a lagoon near Indian Joe Duncan's place).</p> -<p>yes-să-cheb´-be. On or near the site of an old barn S of +<p>yes-să-cheb´-be. On or near the site of an old barn S of the junction of the North Fork with the main Mattole R., near Petrolia.</p> -<p>e-nah-sal-li´-be. On a flat on Mattole R., 1/2 or 3/4 mi. S of +<p>e-nah-sal-li´-be. On a flat on Mattole R., 1/2 or 3/4 mi. S of Petrolia.</p> -<p>choo-wil<sup>ch</sup>´-kah-be. On the North Fork of the Mattole R. at +<p>choo-wil<sup>ch</sup>´-kah-be. On the North Fork of the Mattole R. at Petrolia. The name tek-ko-li-be is also given for a village on the site of present Petrolia.</p></blockquote> @@ -5161,10 +5124,10 @@ to visit her granddaughter, Ethel Hecker, at Scotia.</p> <blockquote> -<p>Nek´-an-ni´ ... Athapaskan coast tribe formerly inhabiting +<p>Nek´-an-ni´ ... Athapaskan coast tribe formerly inhabiting Cape Mendocino and adjacent region from Bear River Hills southward to Mattole River, and reaching inland (easterly) to the headwaters -of the Bear River. [Nek´-an-ni´ was] their own name for themselves.</p></blockquote> +of the Bear River. [Nek´-an-ni´ was] their own name for themselves.</p></blockquote> <h4>TRIBELETS</h4> @@ -5184,14 +5147,14 @@ its dialect and politically."</p> <blockquote> -<p>1. chal-ko´-chah (M). Name of the village N of the mouth of +<p>1. chal-ko´-chah (M). Name of the village N of the mouth of Bear R., used for both the place and the village.</p> -<p>tc'alko´ (N). Largest and most western village in the area. It +<p>tc'alko´ (N). Largest and most western village in the area. It included the flat at the mouth of Bear R.</p> <p>Goddard mentions two villages as being on the ocean N of the -mouth of Bear R. — ƚ'adAlk'AsdAñ and goldElco'dAñ. He gives the +mouth of Bear R. — ƚ'adAlk'AsdAñ and goldElco'dAñ. He gives the word tc'alko as the word for Bear R. In Nomland's personal copy of Goddard's paper (1929) she has written the word "tchankok" as the word for Bear R. She gives the following explanation of the @@ -5202,12 +5165,12 @@ accordance with hers. Upon close questioning, the latter told me that her uncle preferred to speak Mattole. I checked Peter's words with Isaac Duncan, my Mattole informant, and found this to be true."</p> -<p>2. sā-cho-tung (sĕ-cho´-tah) (M). On the ocean on the S +<p>2. sā-cho-tung (sĕ-cho´-tah) (M). On the ocean on the S side of the mouth of Bear R.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</a></span></p> -<p>setcodAñ, "rock big" (G). By the lighthouse, a populous place. +<p>setcodAñ, "rock big" (G). By the lighthouse, a populous place. The present-day lighthouse stands about 2 mi. S of the mouth of Bear R.</p> @@ -5219,7 +5182,7 @@ are at the town of Capetown.</p> <p>4. chil-en-chĕ (N). Near the present Morrison Ranch.</p> -<p>chul´-lŏ-ko (M). This was the name of the village at +<p>chul´-lŏ-ko (M). This was the name of the village at Morrison's, 5 or 6 mi. above the mouth of Bear R.</p> <p>5. sels-che'o-ch (N). About 3 or 4 mi. up the river from the @@ -5227,9 +5190,9 @@ Morrison place. The site is now marked by a large red rock. It may correspond to Goddard's sEtcixEbi, "rock stand in the water", which is not located.</p> -<p>6. seht-lá (N). About 7 mi. up Bear R. from Capetown.</p> +<p>6. seht-lá (N). About 7 mi. up Bear R. from Capetown.</p> -<p>7. ko-stah-che´ (kōs-tah-che´) (M). Name of the camp on Oil +<p>7. ko-stah-che´ (kōs-tah-che´) (M). Name of the camp on Oil Cr.</p></blockquote> <p>Each author gives some additional villages, which cannot be located.</p> @@ -5241,11 +5204,11 @@ place.</p> <p>IstEγnadaibi', "madrone stands place" (G).</p> -<p>klaht-el-kōs´-tah (M). Name of the village near the head of +<p>klaht-el-kōs´-tah (M). Name of the village near the head of Bear R. (at least 15 or 20 mi. upstream). It was a large town with a big dance house.</p> -<p>ƚ'adAlk'AsdAñ (G). Where a schoolhouse stands on Bear R.</p> +<p>ƚ'adAlk'AsdAñ (G). Where a schoolhouse stands on Bear R.</p> <p>tlanko (N). Above chil-sheck.</p></blockquote> @@ -5288,15 +5251,15 @@ the produce of rivers, and this fact is reflected in the placement of their villages.</p> <p>Merriam has left a relatively complete record of his visits to the group -which I am calling Whilkut and which he called Hoil´-kut or How´-wil-kut -and Mā´-we-nŏk. (Merriam uses various spellings.) His first visit +which I am calling Whilkut and which he called Hoil´-kut or How´-wil-kut +and Mā´-we-nŏk. (Merriam uses various spellings.) His first visit to these people was in 1910. The following account is taken from his California Journals for September 15, 1910.</p> <blockquote> <p>Talked with several Indians at Blue Lake. The boundary between -the Pah-te-waht [Wiyot] of Lower Mad River, and the 'Hoil´-kut or +the Pah-te-waht [Wiyot] of Lower Mad River, and the 'Hoil´-kut or Ho-il-let-ha of Redwood Valley lies along North Fork of Mad River near its mouth, between Korbel and Blue Lake. The Pah-te-waht I saw today live on Mad River at Blue Lake (on south edge of town), while @@ -5315,7 +5278,7 @@ an Indian hunt, landing back at Blue Lake without entering Korbel proper at all. Returned to Eureka in afternoon.</p> <p>Went particularly to get additional material from the Redwood -Creek Indians ('How´-wil-kut´-ka or 'HWilkut tribe) who were living +Creek Indians ('How´-wil-kut´-ka or 'HWilkut tribe) who were living in this region when I was here in September 1910 (see Calif. Journals, Vol. 1, 90-93, Sept. 15, 1910). Tried to find O'Haniel Bailey and John Stevens of Redwood Creek, and Stevens' daughter @@ -5325,9 +5288,9 @@ several years ago; that John Steven is visiting in Hoopa Valley, and that his daughter Laura is married to a white man.</p> <p>But after a while I found two old men of the same tribe, who -were born and raised at the Blue Lake rancheria 'Ko-tin´-net, the -westernmost village of the Hă-whil´-kut-kā tribe. They call -themselves and their language by the same name, 'Ho-tin´-net [North +were born and raised at the Blue Lake rancheria 'Ko-tin´-net, the +westernmost village of the Hă-whil´-kut-kā tribe. They call +themselves and their language by the same name, 'Ho-tin´-net [North Fork Whilkut]. One is blind and both are old. The blind man's name is Nelinjak; the other's Denbrook. They were eating breakfast of fried<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span> potatoes, dried fish, and coffee in their poor old shack. @@ -5346,7 +5309,7 @@ is from his notes.</p> <blockquote> <p>About the middle of September, 1920, I visited the site of the -old Hoilkut rancheria called T'chil-kahn´-ting (or T'ch-kahn´-ting) +old Hoilkut rancheria called T'chil-kahn´-ting (or T'ch-kahn´-ting) on the east side of Redwood Creek near the Berry ranch, about a quarter of a mile below the highway bridge on the road from Arcata to Willow Creek and Hoopa. It was then abandoned, the Indians @@ -5411,16 +5374,16 @@ refers to a trip he made to Blue Lake in September, 1910.</p> <blockquote> -<p>Mā´-we-nŏk [Mad River Whilkut] ... An Athapascan +<p>Mā´-we-nŏk [Mad River Whilkut] ... An Athapascan tribe on Mad River, reaching from the junction of North Fork with main Mad River near Korbel (where they came in contact with -the Pah´-te´waht of Lower Mad River [a Wiyot subgroup] and the +the Pah´-te´waht of Lower Mad River [a Wiyot subgroup] and the h'Whilkut of North Fork and Redwood Valley) upstream (southward) for many miles to the ranch of a white man named John Ahlgren, where their territory ended. This is on or near Bug Creek.</p> -<p>It was told me by a h'Whilkut ('Hoilet´-hah) who stated -further that the Mā´-we-nŏk spoke a language so similar to +<p>It was told me by a h'Whilkut ('Hoilet´-hah) who stated +further that the Mā´-we-nŏk spoke a language so similar to his own that he could understand most of their talk.</p></blockquote> <p>The statement in the last paragraph comes from an informant Merriam had @@ -5432,7 +5395,7 @@ the village list given for that group is derived from the second visit.</p> <blockquote> -<p>The Hoil´-kut or Redwood Creek Indians (commonly called +<p>The Hoil´-kut or Redwood Creek Indians (commonly called Chilula, Hwilkut, or Whilkut) were until recent years one of the dominant Athapaskan tribes of Humboldt County in northwestern California.</p> @@ -5444,17 +5407,17 @@ included also the North Fork of Mad River and a short stretch on the north side of the main Mad River between Blue Lake and Korbel.</p> <p>Their proper tribal name as spoken by themselves is -Hoi<sup>ch</sup>-let´-kah or Ho-ē<sup>ch</sup>-kut-kă, usually slurred -to Hoil´-kut. They also call themselves Ho-ē<sup>ch</sup>-kut -kew-yahn´-ne-ahm, meaning Redwood Acorn eaters.</p> +Hoi<sup>ch</sup>-let´-kah or Ho-ē<sup>ch</sup>-kut-kă, usually slurred +to Hoil´-kut. They also call themselves Ho-ē<sup>ch</sup>-kut +kew-yahn´-ne-ahm, meaning Redwood Acorn eaters.</p> <p>There are three divisions or subtribes, more or less distinct according to the point of view: Upper Redwood, Lower Redwood, and Blue Lakes or North Fork Mad River Indians. In their own language they are:</p> -<p>1. The Ho-ē<sup>ch</sup>-ke-e´-te (from Ho-ē<sup>ch</sup>-kut, -"Redwood", and e´-te, "north"), the Northern or Lower Redwood +<p>1. The Ho-ē<sup>ch</sup>-ke-e´-te (from Ho-ē<sup>ch</sup>-kut, +"Redwood", and e´-te, "north"), the Northern or Lower Redwood Indians [Chilula Whilkut], inhabiting the valleys and adjacent slopes of Redwood Creek from its mouth upstream about 12 miles to the Tom Blair Ranch at the junction of Minor Creek—a distance in @@ -5464,27 +5427,27 @@ Hoopa, Polikla [Yurok], and Nererner [Coast Yurok] Indians, who however apply it in a wider sense to both upper and lower divisions of the Redwood Creek tribe.</p> -<p>2. The Ho-ē<sup>ch</sup>-ki´-e-nok (from Ho-ē<sup>ch</sup>-kut, -"Redwood", and e´-nok, "south"), the Upper or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></span> Southern Redwoods +<p>2. The Ho-ē<sup>ch</sup>-ki´-e-nok (from Ho-ē<sup>ch</sup>-kut, +"Redwood", and e´-nok, "south"), the Upper or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></span> Southern Redwoods [Kloki Whilkut], inhabiting the valley of Redwood Creek from Minor Creek (Tom Blair Ranch) up southerly to the head of the river, near Chaparral Mountain—a distance in an air line of nearly 20 miles. -They also call themselves 'Klo-ke Ching´-ching-e´-nok, meaning +They also call themselves 'Klo-ke Ching´-ching-e´-nok, meaning "Prairie place south."</p> -<p>3. The 'Ho<sup>ch</sup>-tin´-net (or 'Ko-tin´-net), the Blue Lake and +<p>3. The 'Ho<sup>ch</sup>-tin´-net (or 'Ko-tin´-net), the Blue Lake and North Fork Mad River Indians [North Fork Whilkut], inhabiting the valley of North Fork Mad River from its head to Korbel and Blue Lake, and separated from the other divisions by a continuous lofty ridge 2,000 to 4,000 feet in altitude. At Blue Lake they had a -large village called Kaw-cho´-sish-tin-tang.</p> +large village called Kaw-cho´-sish-tin-tang.</p> -<p>South of the 'Ho<sup>ch</sup>-tin´-net are the Mā´-we-nok [Mad +<p>South of the 'Ho<sup>ch</sup>-tin´-net are the Mā´-we-nok [Mad R. Whilkut], a related Athapaskan tribe inhabiting the valley of Mad River from the junction of North Fork near Korbel, southerly (upstream) to the Algrehn Ranch on Bug Creek—a distance in a -straight line of about 21 miles. The 'Ho<sup>ch</sup>-tin´-net and the -Mā´-we-nok say that their languages are so similar that either +straight line of about 21 miles. The 'Ho<sup>ch</sup>-tin´-net and the +Mā´-we-nok say that their languages are so similar that either can understand most of the words of the other.</p> <p>The Hoilkut do not reach the coast, being separated from it by @@ -5502,14 +5465,14 @@ Lake—possibly to the mouth of North Fork Mad River—all of which agrees with what I have been told by members of these tribes.</p> <p>The Hoilkut state that their lowermost (northernmost) -villages, Ha-wung´-ah-kut and No-lĕ´-tin, were ten or twelve +villages, Ha-wung´-ah-kut and No-lĕ´-tin, were ten or twelve miles up from the mouth of the river. Below these they claim no territory. Above, they had twenty-three permanent villages.</p> <p>The language is uniform throughout Redwood Creek Valley except for one or two slight differences of pronunciation. Thus the first syllable of the tribal name as spoken by the Upper Redwoods is -Hoi´<sup>ch</sup>; by the Lower Redwoods, Ho-ē<sup>ch</sup>.</p></blockquote> +Hoi´<sup>ch</sup>; by the Lower Redwoods, Ho-ē<sup>ch</sup>.</p></blockquote> <h4>VILLAGES</h4> @@ -5524,7 +5487,7 @@ by either Merriam or Loud (1918), respectively designated by (M) and <blockquote> -<p>1. ti-keo-tchun´-tin (M). Village on the site of present +<p>1. ti-keo-tchun´-tin (M). Village on the site of present Riverside.</p> <p>mis-kenē'huten, "bluff-?-place" (L).</p> @@ -5539,22 +5502,22 @@ One of them may be in error.</p> <p>4. dj'ēndjēe-ten, dj'ēndjē-whot (L). Name said to refer to a strong sweep of the wind at that place.</p> -<p>5. me´-kaw<sup>ch</sup>-ting, me-ke´-aw<sup>ch</sup>-ting (M). Village at Jim +<p>5. me´-kaw<sup>ch</sup>-ting, me-ke´-aw<sup>ch</sup>-ting (M). Village at Jim Anderson's place about 3 mi. S of Korbel.</p> <p>6. ārtes-slandjēōlin-tin, "grasshopper-?-place" (L). Village at the mouth of Dry Cr.</p> <p>7. ka-tahs-lah-ting, 'ke-ah-tahs-lah-ting (M). Village on the -S side of Cañon Cr. (in air line about 3.5 mi. S of Korbel).</p> +S side of Cañon Cr. (in air line about 3.5 mi. S of Korbel).</p> -<p>who'ntā, "houses" (L). Village at the mouth of Cañon Cr.</p> +<p>who'ntā, "houses" (L). Village at the mouth of Cañon Cr.</p> <p>8. whotsdjōtāche-tin (L). Name said to refer to a low prairie. The village is 3 or 4 mi. below Maple Cr., just below Foster Cr. There were three houses there.</p> -<p>9. tsā´-te-tis´-ting (M). Camp on Mad R. at Fala ranch, 10 +<p>9. tsā´-te-tis´-ting (M). Camp on Mad R. at Fala ranch, 10 or 12 mi. S of Korbel. It was a camp for catching eels.</p> <p>tsē-didis-ten (L). Village about 2 mi. below Maple Cr. @@ -5563,7 +5526,7 @@ There were ten or more houses there.</p> <p>10. til-chwah-hew'-a-kut, til-tchwa-hŭ-ut (M). Village on Maple Cr. about 14 mi. (9 in air line) S of Korbel. Large village.</p> -<p>tilchēhūërkut, dilchërhūērkut (L). Village at the +<p>tilchēhūërkut, dilchërhūērkut (L). Village at the mouth of Maple Cr.</p> <p>11. hotintēlime (L). Village at the mouth of Black @@ -5574,17 +5537,17 @@ hinukerchenditen.</p> Cr. Merriam also lists a village at this place but he does not give its name or other information about it.</p> -<p>13. me´-mĕh (M). Village at Three Cabins on Mad R. about 3 +<p>13. me´-mĕh (M). Village at Three Cabins on Mad R. about 3 mi. above Maple Cr. On Tom Blair's Mad R. place.</p> <p>14. Village near Mountain View, about 3.5 mi. S of Three Cabins.</p> -<p>15. tseng-nah´-neng-ahl´-ting, tseng-nah´-neng-ah-ten, "rocks +<p>15. tseng-nah´-neng-ahl´-ting, tseng-nah´-neng-ah-ten, "rocks across the river" (M). Large village at John Ahlgren's place on or near Bug Cr. [This may be the village site shown in pl. 10, <i>b</i>.]</p> -<p>16. ituke-nōle´-tin, "up-waterfall-place" (L). Village on +<p>16. ituke-nōle´-tin, "up-waterfall-place" (L). Village on Foster Cr. The same name also given to a prairie half a mile up the creek from its mouth; ituk means "up," also "east."</p></blockquote> @@ -5606,10 +5569,10 @@ Whilkut, and Kloki Whilkut (see also map 16).</p></div> <blockquote> -<p>1. ho-wung´-ah-kut (M). In the Bald Hills N of Redwood Cr. +<p>1. ho-wung´-ah-kut (M). In the Bald Hills N of Redwood Cr. Northernmost and lowest village.</p> -<p>xōwûnnakût (G). Village probably situated about a mile +<p>xōwûnnakût (G). Village probably situated about a mile E of Redwood Cr. on a small flat S of a ridge along which the Trinidad trail used to run. A small creek a short distance S, entering Redwood Cr. from the E, would have furnished excellent @@ -5618,10 +5581,10 @@ sweathouses was seen. Tom Hill's oldest brother used to live at this village, which was deserted many years ago, probably because of its nearness to the trail.</p> -<p>2. no-lĕh´-ting (M). Village on Redwood Cr. about 12 mi. +<p>2. no-lĕh´-ting (M). Village on Redwood Cr. about 12 mi. from the coast. The name means "falls."</p> -<p>nōlediñ, "waterfall place" (G). This former large village +<p>nōlediñ, "waterfall place" (G). This former large village remained occupied until 1888, when the Hill family left it and moved to Hoopa V. The site is at the foot of a long glade which slopes toward the creek nearly a half-mile distant. A spring N of @@ -5640,40 +5603,40 @@ salmon and lamprey eels, carried on with nets below the fall, was excellent. Since the village has been abandoned, several of these boulders have been displaced so a fall of only 3 ft. remains.</p> -<p>3. yītsinneakûttciñ, "down hill on" (G). Camp site W of -nōlediñ, about halfway up the ridge W of Redwood Cr. The Indians -from nōlediñ used to camp there to gather the acorns of the tan +<p>3. yītsinneakûttciñ, "down hill on" (G). Camp site W of +nōlediñ, about halfway up the ridge W of Redwood Cr. The Indians +from nōlediñ used to camp there to gather the acorns of the tan oak, which are plentiful among the redwood trees.</p> -<p>4. Lōtsxōtdawillindiñ, "prairie water flows down place" -(G). Summer camp about 1-1/2 mi. E of nōlediñ and 1/2 mi. W of +<p>4. Lōtsxōtdawillindiñ, "prairie water flows down place" +(G). Summer camp about 1-1/2 mi. E of nōlediñ and 1/2 mi. W of the crest of the ridge. A hollow redwood tree used to be used as a camping place.</p> -<p>5. tcitdeelyediñ, "dancing place" (G). Glade on a ridge +<p>5. tcitdeelyediñ, "dancing place" (G). Glade on a ridge running toward the E near a branch of Roach Cr., a tributary of the Klamath. This camp was pointed out from a distance and its exact location is therefore uncertain. The Indians used to go there from -nōlediñ in the summer to gather seeds and in the fall for acorns.</p> +nōlediñ in the summer to gather seeds and in the fall for acorns.</p> -<p>6. klo-tshim´-mĕy (M). Camp on Redwood Cr. 1 mi. above -no-lĕh´-ting.</p> +<p>6. klo-tshim´-mĕy (M). Camp on Redwood Cr. 1 mi. above +no-lĕh´-ting.</p> <p>Lōtcimme, "small glade in" (G). A former village about a -mile upstream from nōlediñ and 75 yds. E of Redwood Cr., where +mile upstream from nōlediñ and 75 yds. E of Redwood Cr., where it stood in an opening of about an acre. Obscure depressions like house pits were seen on the N side of the glade near a stream which provided drinking-water. A weir for lamprey eels used to be built in Redwood Cr. near by.</p> -<p>7. ho<sup>ch</sup>-tahn-ho-lah´-ting (M). On the E side of Redwood Cr. -above klo-tshim´-mĕy. There is some doubt as to its location.</p> +<p>7. ho<sup>ch</sup>-tahn-ho-lah´-ting (M). On the E side of Redwood Cr. +above klo-tshim´-mĕy. There is some doubt as to its location.</p> -<p>8. king-keo´-'hli (king-keo´-hĕ-lā) (M). Summer camp on +<p>8. king-keo´-'hli (king-keo´-hĕ-lā) (M). Summer camp on top of the hill or ridge in Bald Hills about a mile E of Jonathan Lyon's ranch house.</p> -<p>kiñkyōlai, "big timber point" (G). Large and important +<p>kiñkyōlai, "big timber point" (G). Large and important former village situated on the eastern end of a ridge above Jonathan Lyon's ranch house and about a mile E of it. There is timber on the northern slope of the ridge. At the edge of the @@ -5685,69 +5648,69 @@ coming of white people was a man of influence and a noted warrior. His name was KiLtcil, "crazy." His wife was a Hupa woman and perhaps for that reason the family moved to Hoopa V.</p> -<p>9. senalmatsdiñ, "stone round place" (G). Summer camp for +<p>9. senalmatsdiñ, "stone round place" (G). Summer camp for gathering seeds in the glade on the S side of the main ridge E of -kiñkyōlai.</p> +kiñkyōlai.</p> <p>10. tesaikut, "projects to water" (G). Camp ground frequented in the fall of the year for gathering tanoak acorns and hunting -deer by the Indians living at nōlediñ and kiñkyōlai. It is on +deer by the Indians living at nōlediñ and kiñkyōlai. It is on the NE slope of the ridge W of Tully Cr.</p> -<p>11. king-yĕ-ke´-ke-ah-mung´-ah (king´-ke-kaw´-mung´-ah) +<p>11. king-yĕ-ke´-ke-ah-mung´-ah (king´-ke-kaw´-mung´-ah) (M). Village on the E side of Redwood Cr. at the mouth of Coyote -Cr. a little above ho<sup>ch</sup>-tahn-ho-lah´-ting, and a little above +Cr. a little above ho<sup>ch</sup>-tahn-ho-lah´-ting, and a little above Lyon's place.</p> -<p>kiñyûkkyōmûña, "big timber near" (G). This site was not +<p>kiñyûkkyōmûña, "big timber near" (G). This site was not visited. It is said to be on the N side of Coyote Cr. below a large rock. There are said to be house pits there. Tom Hill said this -was the village where the people who lived at kiñkyōlai spent +was the village where the people who lived at kiñkyōlai spent the colder months of the winter. It is unlikely that two permanent villages were maintained by the same families. Perhaps the site of -kiñkyōlai is the more recent and it was formerly only a summer +kiñkyōlai is the more recent and it was formerly only a summer camping place.</p> -<p>12. kitdiLwissakût, "fire drill on" (G). Camp used in the fall +<p>12. kitdiLwissakût, "fire drill on" (G). Camp used in the fall for gathering acorns and hunting. Situated near the corner of the Hoopa reservation in a glade sloping toward the S, near a spring.</p> -<p>13. new-wil-tso´-me-ah, "coyote camp" (M). Spring and summer +<p>13. new-wil-tso´-me-ah, "coyote camp" (M). Spring and summer camp on Bald Hills Ridge.</p> <p>nūwilsōlmīye, "ground in billows under" (G). Summer camping ground near a cold spring at the head of one of the branches of Coyote Cr. The Indians used to come here from -nōlediñ.</p> +nōlediñ.</p> -<p>14. ye-sin´-ning´-i-kut (e-tsin´-ning´-i-kut) (M).</p> +<p>14. ye-sin´-ning´-i-kut (e-tsin´-ning´-i-kut) (M).</p> -<p>yīsinniñ<sup>ε</sup> aikût, "down hill ridge runs on" (G). +<p>yīsinniñ<sup>ε</sup> aikût, "down hill ridge runs on" (G). Site of a former village 1/2 mi. E of Redwood Cr. and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></span> about 500 ft. higher than the creek. It is S of the main ridge S of Coyote Cr., at the western edge of a glade near a dry gulch. One pit was found. It is said that Tom Hill's father lived at this village and that it was not occupied at the time the white people came.</p> -<p>15. tsin´-tse-lah´-ting (M). Village below Stoffer's and below -ho´-tach-ting.</p> +<p>15. tsin´-tse-lah´-ting (M). Village below Stoffer's and below +ho´-tach-ting.</p> -<p>tsinsilladiñ, "bones lie place" (G). Former village not far +<p>tsinsilladiñ, "bones lie place" (G). Former village not far from Redwood Cr. on a small flat where the ground shows signs of having slid. Little Henry's family are said to have lived at this village.</p> -<p>16. kittcūnamediñ, "its ear swimming place" (G). Summer +<p>16. kittcūnamediñ, "its ear swimming place" (G). Summer camp on the W side of the main ridge, about 200 ft. below its junction with the E-W ridge N of Lacks Cr. There is a spring by a Douglas spruce which stands by itself.</p> -<p>17. tō'n-tĕ-nahn´-ting (tōn-din-nun-ting) (M). Old +<p>17. tō'n-tĕ-nahn´-ting (tōn-din-nun-ting) (M). Old village on the E side of Redwood Cr. Ned Woodward, who was born here, tells me the village was on a side hill at or very near Stoffer's.</p> -<p>tōndinûndiñ, "water facing place" (G). Village site on the +<p>tōndinûndiñ, "water facing place" (G). Village site on the sloping hillside about 700 yds. E of Redwood Cr. and 400 yds. N of Lacks Cr. Seven house pits were found here. The guide, Dan Hill, did not know of these pits, but located a village of this name @@ -5755,20 +5718,20 @@ considerably nearer Redwood Cr. The Albers place, probably the first settlement in this region, is just S of this village, on a flat between Redwood Cr. and Lacks Cr.</p> -<p>18. tcwûñxaladiñ, "dung stands up place" (G). On the western +<p>18. tcwûñxaladiñ, "dung stands up place" (G). On the western side of the main ridge near its crest. There is a spring in a small flat.</p> -<p>19. ming´-kah´-te-kĕ´ (mung-kut´-te-kĕ) (M). At Fort -Camp at the mouth of ho-tah´<sup>ch</sup>-ting Cr. (Lacks Cr.), between +<p>19. ming´-kah´-te-kĕ´ (mung-kut´-te-kĕ) (M). At Fort +Camp at the mouth of ho-tah´<sup>ch</sup>-ting Cr. (Lacks Cr.), between Lyon's and Stoffer's.</p> -<p>miñkûtdekeyimantcintciñ, "lake opposite side" (G). Summer +<p>miñkûtdekeyimantcintciñ, "lake opposite side" (G). Summer camp among the redwood trees across the creek from Albers' place, opposite the mouth of Lacks Cr.</p> -<p>20. ho-tah´<sup>ch</sup>-tin´-nek (ho´-nah<sup>ch</sup>-tin-ă-kĕ or -ho-nah<sup>ch</sup>-tĕ-nā´-kĕh), (M). Large village or summer +<p>20. ho-tah´<sup>ch</sup>-tin´-nek (ho´-nah<sup>ch</sup>-tin-ă-kĕ or +ho-nah<sup>ch</sup>-tĕ-nā´-kĕh), (M). Large village or summer camp right at Stoffer's on the ridge about a mile above (S of) tōs-kahtch-ting (Cold Spring) and approximately midway between Bair's and Berry's. At Stoffer's, formerly Hooker's, there is @@ -5776,19 +5739,19 @@ a place called koo<sup>ch</sup>-mit-tah<sup>ch</sup> or kew<sup>ch</sup>-mit-tah meaning "between the alders," but it appears to be a place name only.</p> -<p>21. e-nok´-kă-no´-mit-să (M). Former village on the +<p>21. e-nok´-kă-no´-mit-să (M). Former village on the Howard place.</p> -<p>yīnûkanōmittsediñ, "south door place" (G). Former large +<p>yīnûkanōmittsediñ, "south door place" (G). Former large and important village, often mentioned in myths and tales by both the Hupa and the Chilula. Pits were found on a flat near the creek about 1/8 mi. SW of the Howard ranch buildings. Other pits were said to have been obliterated near the middle of this flat.</p> -<p>22. tlō<sup>ch</sup>-tī'k-hah-lah´-ting (M). Camp at an old -schoolhouse 1 mi. S of e-nok´-kă-no´-mit-să.</p> +<p>22. tlō<sup>ch</sup>-tī'k-hah-lah´-ting (M). Camp at an old +schoolhouse 1 mi. S of e-nok´-kă-no´-mit-să.</p> -<p>23. hōn-tĕ<sup>chl</sup>-mĕ´ (M). Camp on the E side of +<p>23. hōn-tĕ<sup>chl</sup>-mĕ´ (M). Camp on the E side of Redwood Cr. above Lacks Cr.</p> <p>xōnteLme, "flat in" (G). Former village situated on a large @@ -5803,69 +5766,69 @@ visible.</p> side of Redwood Cr. near the stream. House pits were seen on the W side of the wagon road.</p> -<p>25. klitch´-hoo-ĕ-nah´<sup>ch</sup>-ting +<p>25. klitch´-hoo-ĕ-nah´<sup>ch</sup>-ting ('hlit-choo-ā-nah<sup>ch</sup>-ten; sit-choo-ĕ-nah<sup>ch</sup>-ting) (M). Former village about 3 mi. above Beaver's on the W side of Redwood Cr. above Lacks Cr.</p> -<p>Littcūw̱innauw̱diñ, "dust flies place" (G). Site of a +<p>Littcūw̱innauw̱diñ, "dust flies place" (G). Site of a former village on a long flat on the W side of the creek. It is surrounded by timber, but receives the sun from the S. Little Henry was living on the E side of the creek at the time, and said it was his father's home.</p> -<p>26. ki´-loo<sup>ch</sup>-tah<sup>ch</sup>-ting (M). Camp on +<p>26. ki´-loo<sup>ch</sup>-tah<sup>ch</sup>-ting (M). Camp on the E side of Redwood Cr. about 1 mi. or less S of -klitch'-hoo-ĕ-nah´<sup>ch</sup>-ting, but on the opposite bank.</p> +klitch'-hoo-ĕ-nah´<sup>ch</sup>-ting, but on the opposite bank.</p> -<p>kailūw̱ta'diñ, "willows among place" (G). Said to have +<p>kailūw̱ta'diñ, "willows among place" (G). Said to have been a large village on a small flat about 1/4 mi. S of the last mentioned village. There were indications of 3 or 4 house pits. Molasses' wife said there was once a round dance house in this village, probably the same type as in the Upper Redwood and Mad River country.</p> -<p>27. kuff-keo´-mĕ (M). Camp on the W side of Redwood Cr. +<p>27. kuff-keo´-mĕ (M). Camp on the W side of Redwood Cr. across from kī'-loo<sup>ch</sup>-tah<sup>ch</sup>-ting.</p> -<p>28. kailūw̱tceñeLdiñ, "willows project place" (G). Former +<p>28. kailūw̱tceñeLdiñ, "willows project place" (G). Former village, which stood at the northern end of a long flat. Two plain house pits, one of them containing stone implements, were seen.</p> -<p>29. sik´-king´-choo-ma-tah´<sup>ch</sup>-ting (M). Given as about 2 +<p>29. sik´-king´-choo-ma-tah´<sup>ch</sup>-ting (M). Given as about 2 mi. below Tom Bair's place on the E side of Redwood Cr. Merriam says he could not find anyone who knew of it.</p> -<p>sikkiñtcwûñmitta'diñ (G). Village occupied in 1914. At the +<p>sikkiñtcwûñmitta'diñ (G). Village occupied in 1914. At the time of Goddard's visit, it was the home of Tom, a famous blind medicine man.</p> -<p>30. hōs-tă´-chĕ-mĕ (M). Village or camp on the W -side of Redwood Cr. about 2 mi. above kī´-loo<sup>ch</sup>-tah<sup>ch</sup>-ting.</p> +<p>30. hōs-tă´-chĕ-mĕ (M). Village or camp on the W +side of Redwood Cr. about 2 mi. above kī´-loo<sup>ch</sup>-tah<sup>ch</sup>-ting.</p> -<p>31. ke´-nah´-hung-tah´<sup>ch</sup>-ting (M). Former big village on +<p>31. ke´-nah´-hung-tah´<sup>ch</sup>-ting (M). Former big village on the E side of Redwood Cr. just below Minor Cr.</p> -<p>kinnaxōnta'diñ, "Yurok village place" (G). Important former +<p>kinnaxōnta'diñ, "Yurok village place" (G). Important former village on a flat bordering Redwood Cr. on the E, about 1/4 mi. N of Tom Bair's ranch<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</a></span> house. Four shallow pits were found. A fight with the volunteer soldiers occurred at this village, in which one Indian was killed.</p> -<p>32. ke-tan-nah´-tah<sup>ch</sup>-ting (M). Former village on the site +<p>32. ke-tan-nah´-tah<sup>ch</sup>-ting (M). Former village on the site of Tom Bair's place.</p> -<p>33. ho-un´-kut (M). Former village on the W side of Redwood -Cr. about 1/2 mi. from ke-tan-nah´-tah<sup>ch</sup>-ting but on the +<p>33. ho-un´-kut (M). Former village on the W side of Redwood +Cr. about 1/2 mi. from ke-tan-nah´-tah<sup>ch</sup>-ting but on the opposite side of the creek. The name is nearly the same as that of the lowermost village of the tribelet.</p> -<p>34. tah<sup>ch</sup>-chā-nahl´-ting (M). Large village on the E +<p>34. tah<sup>ch</sup>-chā-nahl´-ting (M). Large village on the E side of Redwood Cr. just below Tom Bair's, near the big barn and sheep corral.</p> -<p>35. tahs-ung´-chā-kut (tah<sup>ch</sup>-sahn-che-ting) (M). Former -village about 200 yds. above tah<sup>ch</sup>-chā-nahl´-ting on the E +<p>35. tahs-ung´-chā-kut (tah<sup>ch</sup>-sahn-che-ting) (M). Former +village about 200 yds. above tah<sup>ch</sup>-chā-nahl´-ting on the E side of the creek.</p></blockquote> <p>There are also a number of villages for which the locations are @@ -5879,16 +5842,16 @@ and 16.</p> <p>kahtch-wahn-to-ting. Summer camp.</p> -<p>ke-wah´-ahn-tis-ting. Camp on the ridge at the line fence +<p>ke-wah´-ahn-tis-ting. Camp on the ridge at the line fence between Lyon's and Stoffer's ranches.</p> -<p>tos-kahtch´-ting. Camp on the ridge at Cold Spring 1/2 mi. -above ke-wah´-ahn-tis-ting.</p> +<p>tos-kahtch´-ting. Camp on the ridge at Cold Spring 1/2 mi. +above ke-wah´-ahn-tis-ting.</p> -<p>tah<sup>ch</sup>mah-no-ah´-ting. Summer camp on Bald Hills Ridge.</p></blockquote> +<p>tah<sup>ch</sup>mah-no-ah´-ting. Summer camp on Bald Hills Ridge.</p></blockquote> <p>One more village is given by both Merriam and Goddard, transcribed -dah´-sun´-chah-kut by the former and dasûntcakût by the latter. They +dah´-sun´-chah-kut by the former and dasûntcakût by the latter. They both say that it was supposed to have been near village no. 31. Goddard thinks that it was a separate name for a part of village 31 "as is customary in this region."</p> @@ -5905,55 +5868,55 @@ included. (See maps 15 and 16.)</p> <blockquote> -<p>36. mis´-mĕh (M). Former village on the E side of Redwood -Cr. 1-1/2 mi. below kah´-kus-tah<sup>ch</sup>-ting.</p> +<p>36. mis´-mĕh (M). Former village on the E side of Redwood +Cr. 1-1/2 mi. below kah´-kus-tah<sup>ch</sup>-ting.</p> <p>misme, "slide in" (G). Former village situated near the creek on the E side. Many Indians were killed here by the white people. Perhaps that is why this village was not mentioned by some of the informants.</p> -<p>37. kah´-kus-tah<sup>ch</sup>-ting (M). Former village on Redwood Cr. +<p>37. kah´-kus-tah<sup>ch</sup>-ting (M). Former village on Redwood Cr. at the junction of Sweathouse Cr., whose name it bears. About 2 mi. below Berry Bridge.</p> -<p>kaxûsta'diñ, "Philadelphus among place" (G). Former village of +<p>kaxûsta'diñ, "Philadelphus among place" (G). Former village of importance on a flat of about 2 ac., near the creek level on the E side. Four house pits were found on the N side of the flat and four others in a row about midway of the flat. Two other pits, one of them near the creek, were probably sweathouses. The flat is called "Sweathouse Flat" by white people. This village is considered by -the Hupa the last of the villages of the xōilkûtyīdexoi, +the Hupa the last of the villages of the xōilkûtyīdexoi, or Chilula. It was the last toward the S from which Indians were allowed to witness the Hupa dances. The Chilula also seem to accept this as their boundary.</p> -<p>38. t'chil-kahn´-ting (t'ch<sup>ƚ</sup>-kahn´-ting; -chis-kahn´-ting) (M). Village on the E side of Redwood Cr. just +<p>38. t'chil-kahn´-ting (t'ch<sup>ƚ</sup>-kahn´-ting; +chis-kahn´-ting) (M). Village on the E side of Redwood Cr. just under the Berry ranch and about 1/4 mi. below the old covered bridge near Berry's. The village is now moved to a higher point on the high slope 1/2 mi. farther S.</p> -<p>39. e-nuk´-kă-cheng´-tish-ting (M). Former village where +<p>39. e-nuk´-kă-cheng´-tish-ting (M). Former village where the Berry ranch house now stands, on the high ground E of Redwood Cr. Bridge.</p> -<p>40. es-tish´-chem´-mĕh (M). Former village on the E side of +<p>40. es-tish´-chem´-mĕh (M). Former village on the E side of Redwood Cr. about 4 mi. above Berry Bridge.</p> -<p>41. tsin´-tes-'ki´-mĕh (M). Village on the E side of -Redwood Cr. a little below mes-tă-tim´-teng.</p> +<p>41. tsin´-tes-'ki´-mĕh (M). Village on the E side of +Redwood Cr. a little below mes-tă-tim´-teng.</p> -<p>42. mes-tă-tim´-teng (M). Former village on the E side of -Redwood Cr. above es-tish´-chem´-mĕh.</p> +<p>42. mes-tă-tim´-teng (M). Former village on the E side of +Redwood Cr. above es-tish´-chem´-mĕh.</p> -<p>43. tah-nah´-nah-kut (M). Village on the E side back from the -creek and above mes-tă-tim´-teng.</p> +<p>43. tah-nah´-nah-kut (M). Village on the E side back from the +creek and above mes-tă-tim´-teng.</p> -<p>44. chim-mah´-non´-ah-kut (M). Former village on the E side of +<p>44. chim-mah´-non´-ah-kut (M). Former village on the E side of Redwood Cr. at Bonny Cragan's ranch.</p> -<p>45. ni´-is-'kwahl´-lă-kut (M). Former village at the head +<p>45. ni´-is-'kwahl´-lă-kut (M). Former village at the head of Redwood Cr. The last and southernmost village of the group. A view of the territory here is shown in pl. 10, <i>d</i>.</p></blockquote> @@ -5963,19 +5926,19 @@ and village no. 45.</p> <blockquote> -<p>tsā´-nah-ti´-ă-kut. Village on the E side of Redwood Cr. +<p>tsā´-nah-ti´-ă-kut. Village on the E side of Redwood Cr. far up, near Chaparral Mt.</p> -<p>'klesh-mah´-kut. Former village on the ridge on the E side of +<p>'klesh-mah´-kut. Former village on the ridge on the E side of Redwood Cr.</p> -<p>mā´-mā-ă-kut. Former big village on mā´-ma-kut +<p>mā´-mā-ă-kut. Former big village on mā´-ma-kut creek.</p> <p>'klew-taw-mĕ-ting. Former village on the E side of Redwood Cr.</p> -<p>nahs-kah´-nah-kut. Former village high up on Redwood Cr.</p></blockquote> +<p>nahs-kah´-nah-kut. Former village high up on Redwood Cr.</p></blockquote> <p><i>North Fork villages.</i>—The information on this group comes from Merriam's notes (M) and from Loud (1918) (L). (See map 15.)</p> @@ -5996,7 +5959,7 @@ Hupa, and Kloki Whilkut. (See also maps 15 and 17).</p></div> <p>47. kaw-cho'-sish-tin-tang (M). Large village at Blue L.</p> -<p>48. me-kā´-tă-met (M). Village on North Fork Mad R. +<p>48. me-kā´-tă-met (M). Village on North Fork Mad R. between Korbel and Riverside (nearer Riverside).</p> <p>mikētime (L). Name said to refer to being behind North Fork @@ -6008,7 +5971,7 @@ Korbel.</p> <p>50. hoo-tso'-e-choo'-kah (M). Village (or camp) on the site of the present store at Korbel.</p> -<p>51. ki'loo-whit´-teng (M). Fishing camp on North Fork Mad R. +<p>51. ki'loo-whit´-teng (M). Fishing camp on North Fork Mad R. 1/4 or 1/2 mi. above Korbel (where gum trees are, just below picnic ground).</p> @@ -6018,7 +5981,7 @@ Korbel.</p> <p>gestAkAt (L). Name said to refer to a deep fishing hole.</p> -<p>53. noo-lĕh´-mĕh (M). Fishing camp at falls about 1/2 +<p>53. noo-lĕh´-mĕh (M). Fishing camp at falls about 1/2 mi. above Korbel picnic ground. Only one kind of salmon can get up these falls.</p> @@ -6084,8 +6047,8 @@ verbatim from his notes.</p> <blockquote> -<p><i>The Tin´-nung-hen-nā´-o or Hoopah.</i>—The Hoopah proper, -who call themselves not Hoopah but Tin´-nung-hen-nā´-o, occupy +<p><i>The Tin´-nung-hen-nā´-o or Hoopah.</i>—The Hoopah proper, +who call themselves not Hoopah but Tin´-nung-hen-nā´-o, occupy the lower part of Trinity River and tributary streams from the mouth of South Fork Trinity northerly to Bull Creek—a distance of about 20 miles. On the west they extend to the summit of the long @@ -6108,19 +6071,19 @@ forested. There are one or two small open stretches on other parts of Trinity River, and a few grassy slopes on some of the ridges; elsewhere the forest is continuous.</p> -<p>The Tin´-nung-hen-nā´-o are in contact with five tribes -belonging to three linguistic stocks, namely: the Po-lik´-lah -(often called "Yurok") on the north; the Kar´ok on the northeast; -the Athapaskan E´-tahk-nă-lin´-nă-kah on the east [I have +<p>The Tin´-nung-hen-nā´-o are in contact with five tribes +belonging to three linguistic stocks, namely: the Po-lik´-lah +(often called "Yurok") on the north; the Kar´ok on the northeast; +the Athapaskan E´-tahk-nă-lin´-nă-kah on the east [I have not been able to identify this group. According to Merriam's map and according to his own testimony (Merriam, 1930) the Hupa are bordered on the east by the Shastan Tlo-hom-tah-hoi; the -Athapaskan Ts´ă-nung-whă [Southern Hupa] on the south, and +Athapaskan Ts´ă-nung-whă [Southern Hupa] on the south, and the Athapaskan 'Hwilkut [Chilula] on the west.]</p> -<p><i>The Ts´ă-nung-whă.</i>—(An Athapaskan tribe closely -related to the Hoopah.) The territory of the Ts´ă-nung-whă -lies directly south of the Tin´-nung-hen-nā´-o or Hoopah proper, +<p><i>The Ts´ă-nung-whă.</i>—(An Athapaskan tribe closely +related to the Hoopah.) The territory of the Ts´ă-nung-whă +lies directly south of the Tin´-nung-hen-nā´-o or Hoopah proper, embracing the drainage basin of South Fork Trinity River from Grouse Creek to the junction of South Fork with the main Trinity, and including also the rather narrow strip between South Fork @@ -6128,8 +6091,8 @@ on the west and the main Trinity on the east as far up as Cedar Flat. At the mouth of South Fork they crossed the main Trinity and claimed a narrow strip two or three miles in length on the north side of the canyon where two of their villages were located, -Ti´-koo-et-sil´-lah-kut on the high bench opposite the mouth of -South Fork, and Me´-mĕh, on the site of the present Fountain +Ti´-koo-et-sil´-lah-kut on the high bench opposite the mouth of +South Fork, and Me´-mĕh, on the site of the present Fountain Ranch about 1-1/2 miles east of the other. Their western boundary was the divide between the tributaries of South Fork Trinity and those of Redwood Creek (a little west of the courses of Madden @@ -6139,7 +6102,7 @@ southern boundary, Grouse Creek and a line running from its mouth northeasterly and following Mill Creek to the main Trinity at Cedar Flat—thus including the Burnt Ranch country.</p> -<p>The land of the Ts´ă-nung-whă is mountainous and +<p>The land of the Ts´ă-nung-whă is mountainous and forested, and the principal streams flow in deep canyons. It is roughly circular in outline, and of small extent, measuring in an air line hardly 15 miles in either direction—north-south or @@ -6150,10 +6113,10 @@ benches overlooking the canyons.</p> <p>Their language differs only slightly from that of the Hoopah.</p> <p>The Tsa-nung-wha were in contact with four tribes: -the Tin´-nung-hen-nā´-o or Hoopah on the north, -E´-tahk-nă-lin´-nă-kah [Tlo-hom-tah-hoi] and Che-ma-re´-ko -[Chimariko] on the northeast, the Che-ma-re´-ko on the east and -south, the 'Hwi´l-kut [Chilula] on the west.</p></blockquote> +the Tin´-nung-hen-nā´-o or Hoopah on the north, +E´-tahk-nă-lin´-nă-kah [Tlo-hom-tah-hoi] and Che-ma-re´-ko +[Chimariko] on the northeast, the Che-ma-re´-ko on the east and +south, the 'Hwi´l-kut [Chilula] on the west.</p></blockquote> <p>The following account of Merriam's first visit to the Hoopa Indian Reservation is taken from his California Journal, Vol. 2, September 5, @@ -6240,7 +6203,7 @@ Goddard (G), and Curtis, 1924, Vol. 13, (C).</p> <p>1. hon-sah-tung (M). Former village on the E bank of the Trinity R. at the N end of Hoopa V.</p> -<p>xonsadiñ (G), "deep water place." Near the beginning of the +<p>xonsadiñ (G), "deep water place." Near the beginning of the canyon on the right bank at the N end of the valley.</p> <p>honsading, "deep pool place" (C). On the E bank of the Trinity @@ -6260,8 +6223,8 @@ Hupa (see also map 16).</p></div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[Pg 212]</a></span></p> -<p>2. dakisxankût (G). On the opposite side of the Trinity R. -from xonsadiñ at the base of Bald Hill was a village, the site of +<p>2. dakisxankût (G). On the opposite side of the Trinity R. +from xonsadiñ at the base of Bald Hill was a village, the site of which is now entirely grown up to trees and brush. Goddard shows 7 houses here.</p> @@ -6270,7 +6233,7 @@ houses here.</p> <p>3. kin-choo-whu-kut (M). On the E side of the Trinity near the N end of Hoopa V. and just below the mouth of Mill Cr.</p> -<p>kintcūwhwikût, "on a nose" (G). This village occupies a +<p>kintcūwhwikût, "on a nose" (G). This village occupies a point of land on the E bank just below the mouth of Mill Cr. Eight houses are shown at this village.</p> @@ -6282,8 +6245,8 @@ the mouth of Mill Cr.</p> <p>4. cha-en-ta-ko-ting, "flopped out" (M). Former village on the W bank of the Trinity R. a little above Socktish Cr.</p> -<p>tceindeqotdiñ, "place where he was dug up" (G). This village -was a short distance below meskût. Its name refers to a well-known +<p>tceindeqotdiñ, "place where he was dug up" (G). This village +was a short distance below meskût. Its name refers to a well-known myth (see Goddard, 1904). Goddard shows 12 houses at this village.</p> <p>cheindekhoting (C), "dug out place." On the W bank between @@ -6298,8 +6261,8 @@ and its Yurok name is said to be kererwer (Kroeber, 1925).</p></blockquote> <p>5. mis-kut (M). On the E side below Hostler Cr.</p> -<p>meskût (G). This village was on the E side of the river and -about a mile below takimiLdiñ. It "shows signs of once having been +<p>meskût (G). This village was on the E side of the river and +about a mile below takimiLdiñ. It "shows signs of once having been occupied by many houses." Nine of them are shown.</p> <p>miskut, "bluff upon" (C). On the E bank on a bluff midway @@ -6317,7 +6280,7 @@ says that there were 6 houses here.</p></blockquote> situated on the E bank of the Trinity a little above Hostler Cr. Contained a large ceremonial house.</p> -<p>takimiLdiñ, "place of the acorn feast" (G). A short distance +<p>takimiLdiñ, "place of the acorn feast" (G). A short distance below Tsewenaldin on the E bank. It is known as the Hostler Ranch. This is the religious center for the whole valley. Here there still stand the xonta nikyao, "house big," and the taikuw nakyao, @@ -6347,7 +6310,7 @@ Gibbs gives ople-goh, corresponding to Yurok oplego (Kroeber, <p>7. tsa-wun-al-mit-tung (M). Former village on the E side of the Trinity in the middle of the valley.</p> -<p>tseweñaldiñ (G). This was a large settlement on the E bank +<p>tseweñaldiñ (G). This was a large settlement on the E bank about a mile below toLtsasdin. It is translated by English tongues into Senalton. There are many traces of houses here, but the people were all killed or scattered in the troubled times of the 'sixties. @@ -6367,7 +6330,7 @@ to the Yurok olepotl (Kroeber, 1925) and says there were 10 houses.</p></blockqu <p>8. tol-skots-a-tung (M). Former village on the W side of the Trinity S of the mouth of Supply Cr.</p> -<p>tōLtsasdiñ (G). There are evidences of this village on +<p>tōLtsasdiñ (G). There are evidences of this village on the left bank a little S of the mouth of Supply Cr. It has long been deserted. A prison camp was maintained near this site by the military.</p> @@ -6383,10 +6346,10 @@ largest village but not the head village, tah-ka-mil-ting being the head town, ma-til-le-tung was the big boat ranch of the Hupa and was named for ma-til, dugout canoe.</p> -<p>medildiñ, "place of boats" (G). Just below xowûñkût the river +<p>medildiñ, "place of boats" (G). Just below xowûñkût the river swings back to the W, meets a spur of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[Pg 213]</a></span> the mountain, and then swings back to the E, forming a peninsula. Here, cut off from the -rest of the valley, is medildiñ (Matilton Ranch). This village, +rest of the valley, is medildiñ (Matilton Ranch). This village, with those to the S, forms the southern division of the Hupa people. This division manifests itself especially in religious matters.</p> @@ -6406,7 +6369,7 @@ here.</p> ma-til-le-tung and 1 mi. from the S end of the valley on the W bank of the river.</p> -<p>xowûñkût (G). About a mile downstream from Tish-Tang-A-Tang +<p>xowûñkût (G). About a mile downstream from Tish-Tang-A-Tang Cr. on the W bank of the river. Goddard shows 14 houses at this village. The site is now called Kentuck Ranch.</p> @@ -6419,7 +6382,7 @@ pia'getl (Kroeber, 1925).</p> <p>11. tish-tahng-ah-tung (M). On the E bank of the Trinity R. at the S end of Hoopa V. proper.</p> -<p>djictañadiñ (G). At the S end of the valley where the river +<p>djictañadiñ (G). At the S end of the valley where the river emerges from the canyon is a point of land on the E side. This village, known locally as tish-tang-a-tang, was situated on this point. Just above this village Tish-Tang-A-Tang Cr. from the @@ -6437,7 +6400,7 @@ whereas Goddard shows 13.</p> above Hoopa V. proper. This is the uppermost village classed as Hupa.</p> -<p>xaslindiñ (G). About 3 mi. S of the valley proper on the E +<p>xaslindiñ (G). About 3 mi. S of the valley proper on the E bank of the river at the mouth of a creek of the same name (Horse Linto Cr.). Nine houses are shown at this village.</p> @@ -6521,18 +6484,18 @@ of the tribe, near or adjoining the territory of the Chimariko.</p></blockquote> <blockquote> <p>According to the Hoopah, as told me by James Chesbro of Burnt -Ranch, the First People are called Kit-tung´-whi or Devil People. +Ranch, the First People are called Kit-tung´-whi or Devil People. They used to fight and kill and eat one another. Later they turned into animals. After the Flood real (Indian) people came.</p> <p>In early days the Indians used to get drunk from inhaling -the fumes of Indian tobacco (Min´-tā itch´-wah) which by deep +the fumes of Indian tobacco (Min´-tā itch´-wah) which by deep breathing they would take into the lungs. Their word for drunk is Ho-nā<sup>ch</sup>-wĭh<sup>ch</sup>. The expression for "many people drunk" is Yah, ho-nā<sup>ch</sup>-wĕ<sup>ch</sup>.</p> -<p>The word for an old person is Kis´-te-ahn; for an old object, -Tah´-ne.</p> +<p>The word for an old person is Kis´-te-ahn; for an old object, +Tah´-ne.</p> <p>There are two words for good: Chung-whoom for a good or kind person; and Noo-whōm for a good thing or object. A bad person is @@ -6540,17 +6503,17 @@ To choong-kōm, "not good person"; while a thing that is not good is To noo<sup>ch</sup>-kōm, "not good thing."</p> <p>Chin-tahs, "slow", is said to mean also "heavy"; but the word -given me for heavy is Nit-tahs´.</p> +given me for heavy is Nit-tahs´.</p> -<p>The word Ho´-chit, meaning real or genuine, occurs frequently: -Thus, deerskin tanned with the hair on is called Ho´-chit te, +<p>The word Ho´-chit, meaning real or genuine, occurs frequently: +Thus, deerskin tanned with the hair on is called Ho´-chit te, te being any blanket or toga. Similarly, the ordinary woman's -apron made of pine nuts and braided grass is Ho´-che ke´-ah; the -woman's hat, Hō-che kōs´-tahn, or real hat; moccasins, Hoch -yā´-che-tahl; the bow, Hō-chĕ tsitch-ting; the stone +apron made of pine nuts and braided grass is Ho´-che ke´-ah; the +woman's hat, Hō-che kōs´-tahn, or real hat; moccasins, Hoch +yā´-che-tahl; the bow, Hō-chĕ tsitch-ting; the stone arrow-point, Hō-chĕ tin-ti; Indian or wild tobacco, Hō-che -Min´-tā-itch´-wah; the elkhorn box or purse for valuables -Hō´-che kin´-chah.</p> +Min´-tā-itch´-wah; the elkhorn box or purse for valuables +Hō´-che kin´-chah.</p> <p>The Hoopah say that their people did not use the nose-bone or nose-stick, but had a name for it, which is Hun-choo whang-i. They @@ -6558,16 +6521,16 @@ say these were worn by the Indians farther north.</p> <p>The women tattooed the chin, usually in three broad vertical bands similar to those of the Klamath River tribes. Tattoo marks -are called Wil´-tahch´.</p> +are called Wil´-tahch´.</p> <p>Place names: All place names along the rivers were at one time the sites of villages or rancherias. The village always takes the name of the place.</p> -<p>The name for house is Hōn´-tah or Hun´-tow; the ceremonial -house, Mā´-min sin-til; the sweathouse, Tah´-'keo; the menstrual -lodge, Mintch'; the brush wickiup, Mā´-nah-si; the brush blind -or hut for concealing the hunter Kew´-wong wil´-min.</p> +<p>The name for house is Hōn´-tah or Hun´-tow; the ceremonial +house, Mā´-min sin-til; the sweathouse, Tah´-'keo; the menstrual +lodge, Mintch'; the brush wickiup, Mā´-nah-si; the brush blind +or hut for concealing the hunter Kew´-wong wil´-min.</p> <p>They say that they never burned the dead, but buried them in graves dug exactly knee-deep by measure. The grave was called @@ -6578,7 +6541,7 @@ belongings of the dead person and then with earth.</p> <p>While they do not burn the bodies, they burn clothing and other belongings. But the Chemareko of Hyampom burn their dead.</p> -<p>They believed in an evil spirit or Devil called Kit-tung´ hwoi.</p> +<p>They believed in an evil spirit or Devil called Kit-tung´ hwoi.</p> <p>A peculiar custom was practised in extending a certain courtesy to an enemy who wanted to cross the river but had no boat. @@ -6605,7 +6568,7 @@ points or guesses. One stick is given up at each wrong guess.</p> <p>Small hailstones are called Klew-hahn min-nah from Klew-hahn, "an eel," and min-nah, "eyes," from the resemblance of small hailstones to the white eyes of the eel. Big hailstones are -Ke´-lo-ung-hot.</p> +Ke´-lo-ung-hot.</p> <p>An earthquake is Nin mah-ah tin-nĭ<sup>ch</sup>-chwit, meaning "turns over on edge of world."</p> @@ -6613,7 +6576,7 @@ Ke´-lo-ung-hot.</p> <p>Money: The unit of value, which we call "money," consisted of the valuable kind of dentalium shells, long specimens of which reached from the base of the finger to the base of the terminal -joint. This was called Ho´-che naht-te-ow or "real money." Small or +joint. This was called Ho´-che naht-te-ow or "real money." Small or broken dentalium shells, from half an inch to an inch in length, were called Mit-tatch, and were used for beads.</p> @@ -6624,15 +6587,15 @@ as money.</p> <p><i>Names of mammals and birds.</i>—The Grizzly Bear had two names: Mĕ-chā-e-sahn and Me-kwo ah.</p> -<p>The Mountain Lion or Cougar is called Min´-ning mĭ<sup>ch</sup> +<p>The Mountain Lion or Cougar is called Min´-ning mĭ<sup>ch</sup> 'hlā-til-loo, meaning "kills with his face."</p> -<p>They speak of a spotted Panther of large size called Kit-sah´, +<p>They speak of a spotted Panther of large size called Kit-sah´, which has not been seen for a number of years. It used to make a great noise.</p> <p>They speak also of a Water Panther (mythical) called -Ho-tsi´-tow, said to live in holes close to the water of lakes and +Ho-tsi´-tow, said to live in holes close to the water of lakes and pools, never in rivers or on land. Its head and shoulders were heavy and covered with long shaggy hair, but the hinder parts were nearly naked.</p> @@ -6644,7 +6607,7 @@ salmon."</p> Klew<sup>ch</sup>-mŭ-hung, meaning "snake's husband"—a term doubtless suggested by its snake-like form and actions.</p> -<p>The Mole is called Min-ni´ ĕ-ting, meaning "eyeless"; the +<p>The Mole is called Min-ni´ ĕ-ting, meaning "eyeless"; the Bat Haht-la nah-mut, "night flyer."</p> <p>The Porcupine is 'K'yo. Its quills, usually dyed yellow, were @@ -6698,20 +6661,20 @@ enemies. Once he told another bird to start from one end of the world and he would start from the other. They did this and met in the middle where they danced.</p> -<p><i>Notes on adjacent tribes.</i>—Yin´-nah´-chin ("South People," -Chemar´eko). Extended from Hyampom northerly to Cedar Flat, +<p><i>Notes on adjacent tribes.</i>—Yin´-nah´-chin ("South People," +Chemar´eko). Extended from Hyampom northerly to Cedar Flat, easterly along main Trinity to Canyon Creek; and northerly between the high mountains that form the divide between French Creek and North Fork Trinity River on the west to Canyon Creek on the east, as far north as Rattlesnake Creek. (Previously learned from the -Nor´-rel-muk of Hay Fork, a Wintoon Tribe, that the dividing line +Nor´-rel-muk of Hay Fork, a Wintoon Tribe, that the dividing line on the west between themselves and the Chemareko, called by them Hyembos, lay along Minor Creek.) Language wholly different from Hoopah. The Hoopah say that the presence of this tribe on Trinity River west of Cedar Bar, and on lower New River, is a comparatively recent intrusion.</p> -<p>Klo´-mĕ-tah´-wha ... Salmon River Indians. Ranges south +<p>Klo´-mĕ-tah´-wha ... Salmon River Indians. Ranges south over summit to Grizzly Creek and headwaters New River. Language wholly different.</p> @@ -6997,11 +6960,11 @@ thousand.</p> <p><i>Pitch Wailaki.</i>—Goddard (1924) records 33 villages for the Pitch Wailaki. For two of the four tribelets, the count is virtually complete. -For a third tribelet, the T'odannañkiyahañ, Goddard lists 6 villages and +For a third tribelet, the T'odannañkiyahañ, Goddard lists 6 villages and indicates that there were probably more (1924, p. 225). If, to allow for these possible villages, we add 5 to the total above, we get a total of 38 villages for three tribelets, or an average of 12.7 per tribelet. -Although the fourth tribelet, the Tchokotkiyahañ, had a poorer habitat +Although the fourth tribelet, the Tchokotkiyahañ, had a poorer habitat than the other three (Goddard, 1924, p. 222), we may assume that it had at least 8 villages, an estimate which is probably conservative in view of its extensive territory. We then get a total of 46 villages for the @@ -7736,7 +7699,7 @@ normal regression line may be obtained with the following formula.</p> <p>and of a is</p> <p> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">â = Y̅ − b̂X̅</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">â = Y̅ − b̂X̅</span><br /> </p> <p>where X<sub>i</sub> = ln A for each group with known population and Y<sub>i</sub> = P @@ -7753,7 +7716,7 @@ for each known group.</p> <p>and of a' is</p> <p> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">â' = Y̅ − b̂'X̅</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">â' = Y̅ − b̂'X̅</span><br /> </p> <p>where X<sub>i</sub> = ln F for each known group and Y<sub>i</sub> = P for each known group. @@ -7775,7 +7738,7 @@ These calculations are shown in table 4.</p> <td rowspan="7"></td> <td class="tdc">(X<sub>i</sub> − X̅)</td> <td class="tdc">(Y<sub>i</sub> − Y̅)</td> - <td class="tdc">(X<sub>i</sub> − X̅)·(Y<sub>i</sub> − Y̅)</td> + <td class="tdc">(X<sub>i</sub> − X̅)·(Y<sub>i</sub> − Y̅)</td> <td class="tdc">(X<sub>i</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -7831,7 +7794,7 @@ These calculations are shown in table 4.</p> <td rowspan="7"></td> <td class="tdc">(X<sub>i</sub> − X̅)</td> <td class="tdc">(Y<sub>i</sub> − Y̅)</td> - <td class="tdc">(X<sub>i</sub> − X̅)·(Y<sub>i</sub> − Y̅)</td> + <td class="tdc">(X<sub>i</sub> − X̅)·(Y<sub>i</sub> − Y̅)</td> <td class="tdc">(X<sub>i</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -7901,7 +7864,7 @@ Franklin, 1954, p. 229).</p> <pre> {1 (X<sub>o</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup> } - 1.02 X<sub>o</sub> − 4.06 ± t<sub>∝</sub>S<sub>a</sub> × √{- + -----------} + 1.02 X<sub>o</sub> − 4.06 ± t<sub>∝</sub>S<sub>a</sub> × √{- + -----------} {6 Σ(X<sub>i</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup>} </pre> @@ -7923,7 +7886,7 @@ confidence coefficient.</p> <pre> {1 } - S<sub>a</sub> = √{- × Σ(Y<sub>i</sub> + 4.06 − 1.02X<sub>i</sub>)<sup>2</sup>} + S<sub>a</sub> = √{- × Σ(Y<sub>i</sub> + 4.06 − 1.02X<sub>i</sub>)<sup>2</sup>} {4 } <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[Pg 222]</a></span></pre> @@ -7987,7 +7950,7 @@ fishing-mile estimates are:</p> <td>(X<sub>o</sub> − X̅)</td> <td>(X<sub>o</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup><br />---------------<br />Σ((X<sub>i</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup>)</td> <td>{ (X<sub>o</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup>}<br />√{1/6 + ----------------}<br />{ Σ((X<sub>i</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup>)}</td> - <td>{ (X<sub>o</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup>}<br />t<sub>.2</sub>S<sub>a</sub> × √{1/6 + ----------------}<br />{ Σ((X<sub>i</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup>)}</td> + <td>{ (X<sub>o</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup>}<br />t<sub>.2</sub>S<sub>a</sub> × √{1/6 + ----------------}<br />{ Σ((X<sub>i</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup>)}</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -8047,7 +8010,7 @@ fishing-mile estimates are:</p> <td>(X<sub>o</sub> − X̅)</td> <td>(X<sub>o</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup><br />---------------<br />Σ((X<sub>i</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup>)</td> <td>{ (X<sub>o</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup>}<br />√{1/6 + ----------------}<br />{ Σ((X<sub>i</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup>)}</td> - <td>{ (X<sub>o</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup>}<br />t<sub>.2</sub>S<sub>f</sub> × √{1/6 + ----------------}<br />{ Σ((X<sub>i</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup>)}</td> + <td>{ (X<sub>o</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup>}<br />t<sub>.2</sub>S<sub>f</sub> × √{1/6 + ----------------}<br />{ Σ((X<sub>i</sub> − X̅)<sup>2</sup>)}</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -8096,28 +8059,28 @@ are a bit shorter on the average.</p> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdl">Kato</td> - <td>1,523 ± 267</td> - <td>1,470 ± 263</td> + <td>1,523 ± 267</td> + <td>1,470 ± 263</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdl">Bear River</td> - <td>1,276 ± 353</td> - <td>840 ± 556</td> + <td>1,276 ± 353</td> + <td>840 ± 556</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdl">Lassik</td> - <td>1,411 ± 300</td> - <td>2,020 ± 291</td> + <td>1,411 ± 300</td> + <td>2,020 ± 291</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdl">Nongatl</td> - <td>2,325 ± 462</td> - <td>2,830 ± 692</td> + <td>2,325 ± 462</td> + <td>2,830 ± 692</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdl">Shelter Cove Sinkyone</td> - <td>2,145 ± 374</td> - <td>1,920 ± 257</td> + <td>2,145 ± 374</td> + <td>1,920 ± 257</td> </tr> </table></div> @@ -8390,18 +8353,18 @@ and Lopez' father at the Mouth of Smith River, Del Norte County, Sept. <p><i>Name.</i>—The tribe as a whole had no distinctive name for themselves except Huss, the word for people. But they had definite names for village areas. Those living at the mouth of Smith River call themselves -Hah´-wun-kwut; those at Burnt Ranch, about three miles south of -the mouth of Smith River, Yahnk´-tah-kut; those at Crescent City -Tah-ah´-ten—and so on.</p> +Hah´-wun-kwut; those at Burnt Ranch, about three miles south of +the mouth of Smith River, Yahnk´-tah-kut; those at Crescent City +Tah-ah´-ten—and so on.</p> <p><i>Location, boundaries, and neighbors.</i>—The territory of the tribe -as a whole extends from Winchuk River (Um-sahng´-ten) on the +as a whole extends from Winchuk River (Um-sahng´-ten) on the California-Oregon boundary south to Wilson Creek (Tah-ges<sup>hl</sup>-ten) about eight miles north of the mouth of Klamath River.</p> <p>The coast tribe immediately north (on the Oregon side of the line) is -called Cheet or Che´-te. Their language differs materially from that of -the Hah´-wun-kwut, though most of the words could be understood. Only a +called Cheet or Che´-te. Their language differs materially from that of +the Hah´-wun-kwut, though most of the words could be understood. Only a single woman survives.</p> <p>The tribe on the south, from Wilson Creek to Klamath River, is called @@ -8412,7 +8375,7 @@ California-Oregon boundary is called Ka-Ka-sha. Another name, Choo-ne, also was given but I am in doubt as to whether or not the same tribe was meant. The Ka-ka-sha live near Waldo on the north side of the Siskiyou Mountains and speak a language widely different from that of -the Hah´-wun-kwut. They are said to be lighter in color than the coast +the Hah´-wun-kwut. They are said to be lighter in color than the coast Indians.</p> <p><i>Dress and ornament.</i>—The people used deer skin blankets called @@ -8423,7 +8386,7 @@ and tat-es-tat. Moccasins, Kus-ki-a, of elk hide were worn by rich men.</p> <p>The women wore a front apron called Sahng; and on dress occasions an ornamented cloak-like skirt (Chah) that extended all the way around and -lapped over in front. They also wore basket hats, called Ki´-e-traht´ +lapped over in front. They also wore basket hats, called Ki´-e-traht´ and necklaces, the general term for which is Ni-ta-kle-ah. On occasions they wore ear pendants, Bus-shra-mes-lah, of elk or deer bone. Nose bones or shells, Mish-mes-lah, were sometimes worn; those of rich @@ -8433,65 +8396,65 @@ tattooed with three narrow vertical lines called Tah-ah rut<sup>hl</sup>-tes.</p <p><i>Houses.</i>—The houses (Munt) were square and were built of planks or slabs hewn from redwood trees and stood up vertically, as in the case of those of the Klamath River Indians. The ceremonial houses are called -Nā´-stahs-mā´-ne. They are square and have a ridge roof. During +Nā´-stahs-mā´-ne. They are square and have a ridge roof. During important dances the front side is removed. The sweat house is called -Shes´-klĕ and is large enough to hold twenty people. It is square or +Shes´-klĕ and is large enough to hold twenty people. It is square or rectangular, and the ground floor is excavated to a depth of about four feet. The roof is of hewn planks covered with earth.</p> <p><i>Money.</i>—The ordinary medium of exchange or "money" (Trut) consisted of shells of <i>Dentalium</i>, of which the valuable long ones are called -Tā´-tos, the commoner short ones Kle´-ah. Clam shell disks or buttons -are called Nah´-set.</p> +Tā´-tos, the commoner short ones Kle´-ah. Clam shell disks or buttons +are called Nah´-set.</p> -<p><i>Treatment of dead.</i>—The dead are buried in a grave (Chĕ´-slo). The +<p><i>Treatment of dead.</i>—The dead are buried in a grave (Chĕ´-slo). The people assert that they never burned their dead. They say that a spirit -or ghost, called Nah-who´-tlan, goes out of the body after death and +or ghost, called Nah-who´-tlan, goes out of the body after death and becomes a ghost.</p> -<p><i>Ceremonial dances.</i>—Dances are called Nā´-stahs or Nesh-stahsh. A -puberty dance, Chahs´-stah wā´-nish tahs, was held for the girls. +<p><i>Ceremonial dances.</i>—Dances are called Nā´-stahs or Nesh-stahsh. A +puberty dance, Chahs´-stah wā´-nish tahs, was held for the girls. Other important dances are held. Some last 5 days; others last 10 days.</p> -<p>The ceremonial drums Hah´-et-sah differ radically from those of any +<p>The ceremonial drums Hah´-et-sah differ radically from those of any other California Indians known to me. They are large cooking baskets about two feet in diameter. Only new baskets are used in order that they may stand the drumming.</p> -<p>Rattles called Chah-pāt´-chah are made of the small hoofs of deer. +<p>Rattles called Chah-pāt´-chah are made of the small hoofs of deer. Cocoon rattles were not used.</p> -<p>Whistles, called Tut´-tle-nik are made of large quill feathers of birds, +<p>Whistles, called Tut´-tle-nik are made of large quill feathers of birds, not of bone.</p> <p><i>The stick game.</i>—The stick game is a feature of the people, as in most California tribes. It consists of a number of slender sticks called -Not-trā´-le, of which one, called Chah-when´, is marked. The counters -are called Chun´; the man who keeps count, Chun-ting. A dressed buckskin +Not-trā´-le, of which one, called Chah-when´, is marked. The counters +are called Chun´; the man who keeps count, Chun-ting. A dressed buckskin is stretched tightly on the ground between the players, and when the game is called, the sticks are thrown down upon it.</p> <p><i>Baskets.</i>—The basketry is of twined weave called Chet-too. The big storehouse baskets, called Hawsh-tan, are closely woven and have a shallow saucer-shape lid. The large open work burden basket is called -Tus, the large cooking basket, Met-too´-sil<sup>ch</sup>, the small mush bowl -Hah´-tsah, the large shallow meal tray Mes-chet´-te-gah´, the large -open work shallow bowl Tre-kwahs´-tuk, the small open work plate or -platter Kah´-se, the subglobular choke-mouth trinket basket Net´-tah, -the milling basket Ki´-e-sut, the baby basket Kah´-yu, its shade -Ne´-whats-tah, the women's basket hat Ki´-e-traht´. There is also a -subglobular openwork basket called I´-ă-loo´ with an arched handle +Tus, the large cooking basket, Met-too´-sil<sup>ch</sup>, the small mush bowl +Hah´-tsah, the large shallow meal tray Mes-chet´-te-gah´, the large +open work shallow bowl Tre-kwahs´-tuk, the small open work plate or +platter Kah´-se, the subglobular choke-mouth trinket basket Net´-tah, +the milling basket Ki´-e-sut, the baby basket Kah´-yu, its shade +Ne´-whats-tah, the women's basket hat Ki´-e-traht´. There is also a +subglobular openwork basket called I´-ă-loo´ with an arched handle for carrying on the arm.</p> <p>The cooking bowls, mush baskets, and other small baskets are made -of spruce roots, 'Hre´, more or less covered with an overlay of +of spruce roots, 'Hre´, more or less covered with an overlay of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[Pg 226]</a></span>bear grass (<i>Xerophyllum</i>, called Too-tĕ<sup>chl</sup>) and maiden hair -fern (<i>Adiantum</i>) called Ke´-tsi-shah´-te, meaning Blue-jay knees, +fern (<i>Adiantum</i>) called Ke´-tsi-shah´-te, meaning Blue-jay knees, because of the slender form and black color. The roots used in the carrying baskets, baby baskets, and other coarse baskets are of hazel, called 'Kun. The common black design in ordinary baskets consists of Spruce roots that have been buried in dark mud and are called -Tah´-che-gut-kle-ah. They are ordinarily used in connection with the +Tah´-che-gut-kle-ah. They are ordinarily used in connection with the bear grass (<i>Xerophyllum</i>).</p> <p><i>Fragments of Hahwunkwut myths.</i>—Skum, Coyote man, made the world.</p> @@ -8500,13 +8463,13 @@ bear grass (<i>Xerophyllum</i>).</p> blackened the insides of his hands.</p> <p>When the world first floated there was just one big white Redwood tree -called Kus-choo´-ke. A big Eagle was sitting on the tree and was king of +called Kus-choo´-ke. A big Eagle was sitting on the tree and was king of the world.</p> -<p>The Falcon (Tah´-tes) won the battle for the people.</p> +<p>The Falcon (Tah´-tes) won the battle for the people.</p> <p><i>Hahwunkwut foods.</i>—A large variety of foods are eaten: meat -(Chā´-sun) of elk and deer, both fresh and dried, salmon and +(Chā´-sun) of elk and deer, both fresh and dried, salmon and other fish, fresh and dried, marrow, tallow, salmon eggs (usually smoke-dried), clams of several kinds, mussels, fish milt both dried and fresh, acorn mush and bread, and a number of roots, berries, and other @@ -8520,7 +8483,7 @@ eggs.</p> <p>Two kinds of kelp are eaten.</p> -<p>Root masses of the brake fern (<i>Pteris aquilina</i>, called Tah´-sohn-ki) +<p>Root masses of the brake fern (<i>Pteris aquilina</i>, called Tah´-sohn-ki) are cooked in the ground oven. They are said to be like milk and have a fine flavor.</p> @@ -8530,39 +8493,39 @@ fine flavor.</p> pipe is straight and is called A-chah.</p> <p><i>Hahwunkwut plant notes.</i>—The Tree Maple (<i>Acer macrophyllum</i>) is -called Chā´-she. Its inner bark is used for the ordinary everyday +called Chā´-she. Its inner bark is used for the ordinary everyday dress for women.</p> <p>The Tanbark Oak is the dominant species in the northwest coast region -and its acorns (Sohng´-cheng) are largely eaten by the people. Acorn +and its acorns (Sohng´-cheng) are largely eaten by the people. Acorn meal before leaching is called Rut-ta-gaht. If it is allowed to become mouldy, the bitter taste disappears so that it does not have to be leached. Acorn bread cooked on hot ashes is called Ses<sup>hl</sup>-te. The ordinary mush is called Ma-guts-kush.</p> <p><i>Hahwunkwut animal notes.</i>—The Bobcat (<i>Lynx rufus</i>) is called -Ne´-ti-us ah´-nā. Its name is never mentioned in the presence of a +Ne´-ti-us ah´-nā. Its name is never mentioned in the presence of a baby. If the mother sees one before the baby is born, the baby will have fits and die.</p> -<p>The falcon or Duck Hawk (Tah´-tes) was a high personage among the First +<p>The falcon or Duck Hawk (Tah´-tes) was a high personage among the First People. He won the first battle for the Indians, standing on the first Redwood Tree.</p> -<p>The California Condor (Tā-long-yi´-chah) is so big and powerful that +<p>The California Condor (Tā-long-yi´-chah) is so big and powerful that he can lift a whale. His name shows this as it is from the name of the -whale (Tā´-lah) and means "whale lifter."</p> +whale (Tā´-lah) and means "whale lifter."</p> -<p>The Dove (Sroo´-e-gun´-sah) cries for his grandmother, especially in the +<p>The Dove (Sroo´-e-gun´-sah) cries for his grandmother, especially in the spring of the year.</p> -<p>The Purple Finch is called Klah´-nis-me´-tit-le, meaning "many +<p>The Purple Finch is called Klah´-nis-me´-tit-le, meaning "many brothers," because the birds go together in small flocks.</p> -<p>The Night Heron (Nah-gah´ che yahs´-se) is known as the "sickness bird."</p> +<p>The Night Heron (Nah-gah´ che yahs´-se) is known as the "sickness bird."</p> <p><i>Hahwunkwut pits for catching elk and deer.</i>—The Smith River -Hah-wun-kwut used to catch elk and deer in pits, called Song´-kit, dug +Hah-wun-kwut used to catch elk and deer in pits, called Song´-kit, dug in the ground along the runways. These pits differ materially from those of the Pit River Indians, being much shallower. No effort was made to make them deep enough to prevent the captured animals from jumping out, @@ -8591,12 +8554,12 @@ thoroughly dry.</p> killings by the whites.</p> <p>The first killing took place at Burnt Ranch, three miles south of -the mouth of Smith River, at the rancheria called Yahnk-tah´-kut, +the mouth of Smith River, at the rancheria called Yahnk-tah´-kut, a name perpetuated by the district school house name. Here a large number of Indians were caught during a ceremonial dance and ruthlessly slaughtered. The Indians say this was the first killing.</p> -<p>The second killing was at the rancheria of Ā´-choo-lik on the big +<p>The second killing was at the rancheria of Ā´-choo-lik on the big lagoon known as Lake Earl about three miles north of Crescent City [cf. Drucker's etculet in Drucker, 1937, map 3]. The Indians were engaged in gambling at the time.</p> @@ -8605,15 +8568,15 @@ gambling at the time.</p> Drucker, 1937, map 3] at the mouth of Smith River.</p> <p>At the time of the Indian troubles in northwestern California Chief -Ki´-lis (named for Ki-o-lus the Willow tree) was chief of the -Hah´-wun-kwut tribe.</p> +Ki´-lis (named for Ki-o-lus the Willow tree) was chief of the +Hah´-wun-kwut tribe.</p> <p>Three young men of the tribe were active in resenting the aggressions of the whites and were said to have killed several of the early settlers. They were very clever and neither the settlers nor the soldiers were able to capture them. Finally the officer in charge of the troops at Fort Dick (a log fort on Smith River, about three miles from the present -settlement called Smith River Corners) told Chief Ki´-lis that he would +settlement called Smith River Corners) told Chief Ki´-lis that he would be hung by the soldiers unless he captured the three young men in question.</p> @@ -8644,7 +8607,7 @@ also some blankets. This ended the "Indian war" in that region.</p> <p>There is a small island called Stun-tahs ahn-kot (50 acres or more in extent) in the lower part of Smith River, half or three-quarters of a -mile from its mouth. On some of the early maps it bears the name Ta´-les +mile from its mouth. On some of the early maps it bears the name Ta´-les after the chief. This island the officer gave to the Indians in the name of the Government, telling them it would always be theirs, and gave the chief a paper stating that it was given in return for killing the three @@ -8652,7 +8615,7 @@ outlaw boys. Sometime afterward this paper was burned.</p> <p>After the Indians had been driven to the Hoopa Reservation and had come back, they were not allowed to go to their former rancheria -Hah´-wun-kwut, but were told to go to this island. Later the whites +Hah´-wun-kwut, but were told to go to this island. Later the whites claimed the island and did not let the Indians have it.</p> <p>The present Indian settlement, a mile or two north of the mouth of @@ -8673,25 +8636,25 @@ occupied at present (1923) by ten or a dozen families.</p> <p>The following data were got from Eben Tillotson at Hulls Valley, north of Round Valley, on July 12, 1938.</p> -<p>A. Eben said he was a Wi·t'u·knó'm Yuki. This was a "tribe" speaking +<p>A. Eben said he was a Wi·t'u·knó'm Yuki. This was a "tribe" speaking a uniform dialect, having uniform customs, but embracing several "tribelets." Their general territory was along main (or middle) Eel R. where this runs from E to W, on both sides of it, and S of Round V. They -also owned Oklá·c̆ and Púnki·nipi·ṭ ("wormwood hole"), Poonkiny. +also owned Oklá·c̆ and Púnki·nipi·ṭ ("wormwood hole"), Poonkiny. The subdivisions or tribelets were:</p> <blockquote> -<p>[10.6] 1. Us̆i·c̆lAlhótno'm +<p>[10.6] 1. Us̆i·c̆lAlhótno'm ("crayfish-creek-large-people") on Salt Cr., S of Middle Eel.</p> -<p>2. Olkátno'm, at Henley or Hop ranch in S part of Round +<p>2. Olkátno'm, at Henley or Hop ranch in S part of Round V., where the road enters the flat of the valley. They owned S to the Middle Eel and down it to Dos Rios confluence.</p> -<p>3. Alniuk'í·no'm, at W edge of Round V.</p> +<p>3. Alniuk'÷no'm, at W edge of Round V.</p> -<p>4. Ontítno'm, E of Henley ranch in Round V.; also Eden +<p>4. OntÃtno'm, E of Henley ranch in Round V.; also Eden V. to S.</p></blockquote> <p>B. The following were not grouped together by the informant, but agree @@ -8699,14 +8662,14 @@ in having a southerly range:</p> <blockquote> -<p>[10.6] 5. LAlkú·tno'm, around Outlet Cr.</p> +<p>[10.6] 5. LAlkú·tno'm, around Outlet Cr.</p> -<p>6. Tí·tAmno'm, eastward, across (S of Middle) Eel R., +<p>6. T÷tAmno'm, eastward, across (S of Middle) Eel R., toward Sanhedrin Mt., W of the ridge which runs W of Gravelly V. Mountain people, without villages of size. Dixie Duncan was half of this group.</p> -<p>7. Ki·c̆ilú·kam is Gravelly V. The Huchnom roamed in +<p>7. Ki·c̆ilú·kam is Gravelly V. The Huchnom roamed in that.</p></blockquote> <p>C. East of Hull's V., extending nearly to Hammerhorn Mt., but this was @@ -8714,13 +8677,13 @@ Nomlaki.</p> <blockquote> -<p>[10.6] 8. ŠipimA´lno'm, on a creek running from W +<p>[10.6] 8. ŠipimA´lno'm, on a creek running from W into (S-flowing) Eel R.</p> -<p>9. I·'mptí·tAmno'm, at an opening in the range—i·'mp is +<p>9. I·'mpt÷tAmno'm, at an opening in the range—i·'mp is a gap. They were across the Eel, on its E side.</p> -<p>10. Pi·lílno'm, beyond (farther E or SE?), at Kumpí·t, +<p>10. Pi·lÃlno'm, beyond (farther E or SE?), at Kump÷t, "salt hole," where salt was got, also at Snow Mt. These were Yuki, but "talked something like" Nomlaki Wintun (who adjoined them, across the main Coast Range watershed). Their language @@ -8728,23 +8691,23 @@ was about as different from Yuki as was Huchnom. They were "half Stony Creek" (along which lived Salt Pomo, then Hill Patwin, then Nomlaki).</p> -<p>11. U·k'í·c̆no'm (added later by informant), in +<p>11. U·k'÷c̆no'm (added later by informant), in Williams V., "E" of Hull's V.</p> <p>12. A Yuki group at Twin Rock Cr.—Eben had forgotten their name.</p></blockquote> <p>D. The real Yuki, centering in Round V., and coming N into the foothills -only about as far as Ebley's Flat. To the N were the Onainó'm, Pitch +only about as far as Ebley's Flat. To the N were the Onainó'm, Pitch Indians, Athabascans, who owned Hull V. ("here") and adjoined the ŠipimAlno'm (no. 8).</p> <blockquote> -<p>[10.6] 13. Hákno'm, in Round V., around Agency, in the N +<p>[10.6] 13. Hákno'm, in Round V., around Agency, in the N side of the valley.</p> -<p>14. Ukomnó'm, in middle of the valley. They did not own +<p>14. Ukomnó'm, in middle of the valley. They did not own up into the mountains.</p> <p>15. At TotimAl, W of Covelo, were a people whose name @@ -8790,7 +8753,7 @@ initiations and performances.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td>·</td> + <td>·</td> <td>long</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -8818,11 +8781,11 @@ initiations and performances.</p> <h4>DATA FROM EBEN TILLOTSON</h4> -<p>Onainó'm were the Pitch Indians, a people of the rugged mountains, -adjoining the ŠipimA´lno'm Yuki, and with Hull's Valley in their +<p>Onainó'm were the Pitch Indians, a people of the rugged mountains, +adjoining the ŠipimA´lno'm Yuki, and with Hull's Valley in their range. They were "half Yuki and half Wailaki," and spoke both languages.</p> -<p>The TA´no'm were at Spy Rock on main Eel R. They were also half Yuki and +<p>The TA´no'm were at Spy Rock on main Eel R. They were also half Yuki and half Wailaki and bilingual. [But other Yuki cite them as Yuki who also knew Wailaki.] TAno'm were: Nancy Dobie, Sally Duncan, and Tip.</p> @@ -8842,7 +8805,7 @@ Valley on July 13, 1938. Lucy Young, the informant, was born on Eel River at Tseyes̆enteƚ, opposite Alder Point. Though listed by the Government as a Wailaki, she is actually what ethnologists call Lassik. Her father was born 3 mi. from Alder Pt.; her mother, at Soldier Basin, -22 mi. NE. Her mother's first cousin was T'a·su's, known to the whites +22 mi. NE. Her mother's first cousin was T'a·su's, known to the whites as Lassik, from his Wintun name Lasek. He was chief for Alder Pt., Soldier Basin, (upper) Mad River. Mary Major, informant's contemporary, is from Soldier Basin and of the same tribe.</p> @@ -8865,7 +8828,7 @@ and on Van Duzen R.</p> <p>Sec̆(ƚ)enden-keya, at Zenia.</p> -<p>Ka·snol-keya, S of Zenia, called Kikawake in Hayfork [Wintun].</p> +<p>Ka·snol-keya, S of Zenia, called Kikawake in Hayfork [Wintun].</p> <p>Tok'(a)-keya, South Fork of Eel Indians [Sinkyone].</p> @@ -8892,7 +8855,7 @@ applied also to the Cottonwood Creek Wintun, whom the Lassik met at Yolla Bolly Mt. to trade salt. [Wintu and Wintun were treated as one language.]</p> -<p>Yitá·kena, people of lowest Eel R., the Wiyot.</p> +<p>Yitá·kena, people of lowest Eel R., the Wiyot.</p> </blockquote> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[Pg 230]</a></span></p> <hr class="chap" /> @@ -9222,385 +9185,6 @@ of Hupa villages. Map by George Gibbs, 1852.</p></div> <p>P. 23 capital L in the middle of two Indian words may be intentional.</p> </div> - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's California Athabascan Groups, by Martin A. Baumhoff - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALIFORNIA ATHABASCAN GROUPS *** - -***** This file should be named 43876-h.htm or 43876-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/3/8/7/43876/ - -Produced by Colin Bell, Richard Tonsing, Joseph Cooper and -the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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