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diff --git a/43858-8.txt b/43858-8.txt deleted file mode 100644 index cd0f0c3..0000000 --- a/43858-8.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2575 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 13, by -William Curtis and John Sims - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 13 - Or Flower-Garden Displayed - -Author: William Curtis - John Sims - -Release Date: October 1, 2013 [EBook #43858] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE, VOL. 13 *** - - - - -Produced by Marc-André Seekamp, Jason Isbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file made using scans of public domain works at the -University of Georgia.) - - - - - - - - - - THE - Botanical Magazine; - OR, - Flower-Garden Displayed: - -IN WHICH - - The most Ornamental Foreign Plants, cultivated in the - Open Ground, the Green-House, and the Stove, are - accurately represented in their natural Colours. - -TO WHICH ARE ADDED, - - Their Names, Class, Order, Generic and Specific Characters, according - to the celebrated Linnæus; their Places of Growth, - and Times of Flowering: - - TOGETHER WITH THE MOST APPROVED METHODS OF CULTURE. - -A WORK - - Intended for the Use of such Ladies, Gentlemen, and Gardeners, as - wish to become scientifically acquainted with the Plants they - cultivate. - -By _WILLIAM CURTIS_, -Author of the Flora Londinensis. - -VOL. XIII. - - "---- All alone, amid her Garden fair, - "From morn to noon, from noon to dewy eve, - "She spent her days, her pleasing task to tend - "The flowers; to lave them from the water-spring; - "To ope the buds with her enamoured breath, - "Rank the gay tribes, and rear them in the sun. ---- ---- - "Thus plied assiduous her delightful task, - "Day after day, till every herb she named - "That paints the robe of Spring." - Bruce. - -_LONDON_: - -Printed by Stephen Couchman, Throgmorton-Street, -For W. CURTIS, Nº 3, _St. George's-Crescent_, Black-Friars-Road; -And Sold by the principal Booksellers in Great-Britain and Ireland. - -M DCC XCIX. - - - - -[433] - -[Illustration: Nº. 433] - -Azalea Pontica. Yellow Azalea. - -_Class and Order._ - -Pentandria Monogynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cor._ campanulata. _Stamina_ receptaculo inserta. _Caps._ 2-5 - locularis polysperma. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - AZALEA _pontica_ foliis nitidis lanceolatis, utrinque glabris, - racemis terminalibus. _Linn. Sp. Pl. App. p. 1669._ _Pall. Fl. - Ross. t. 69. p. 51._ - - CHAMÆRHODENDROS Pontica maxima Mespili folio flore luteo. _Tourn. - Cor. Hist. Rei. Herb. 42._ _Act. Paris 1704. p. 348._ _Buxb. Cent. - 5. p. 36. t. 69._ - -Descr. Shrub from two to three feet or more in height, the thickest part -of the stem not exceeding the size of the little finger, covered with a -smooth brown bark, irregularly branched; Flowers appearing before the -leaves are fully expanded, and produced in umbels at the extremities of -the branches, from eight to twelve or more in an umbel, of a fine yellow -colour and agreeable fragrance; each blossom is about the size of that -of the horse-chestnut, and as some of them are produced much earlier -than others, the plant of course continues a considerable time in bloom, -standing on short peduncles; Calyx very short, viscous, and irregularly -divided, most commonly into five ovato-lanceolate segments; Corolla, -tube cylindrical, viscous, grooved, brim divided into five segments, -undulated and somewhat wrinkled, ovate, pointed, three turning upwards, -two downwards, of the three uppermost segments the middle one more -intensely yellow than the others and inclining to orange, with which it -is sometimes spotted; Stamina usually five, yellow, projecting beyond -the corolla, and turning upwards near their extremities; Antheræ -orange-coloured; Pollen whitish and thready; Germen somewhat conical, -evidently hairy, and somewhat angular; Style yellowish, filiform, -projecting beyond the stamina, and turning upwards; Stigma forming a -round green head. - -The figure and description here given were taken from a plant which -flowered by means of artificial heat, in the spring of 1798, at Mr. -Watson's, Nurseryman, Islington, and which had been introduced the same -year, by Mr. Anthony Hove, of Warsaw. - -As an hardy ornamental shrub, it bids fair to prove an acquisition truly -valuable, its flowers produced in the months of June and July, being -highly ornamental as well as fragrant. - -We have the best authority for regarding this plant as the -_Chamærhodendros Pontica_ of Tournefort, it agrees with his own -specimens in Sir Joseph Banks's Herbarium, it accords also with his -description, and figures, more especially of those flowers which are of -their natural size; nor have we any doubts of its being the _Azalea -Pontica_ of Prof. Pallas, figured in the _Flor. Rossica_, since it -corresponds generally with his description, though not in all points -with his figure, which bears evident marks of inaccuracy, the stigma, -for instance, is represented as trifid. - -Tournefort found this plant on the eastern side of the Black Sea, Mr. -Hove on the north side near Oczakow, and elsewhere; Professor Pallas on -Mount Caucasus. - -As yet there has been no opportunity of ascertaining the best means of -propagating this new denizen, but there is every reason to suppose that -it will succeed with the treatment bestowed on the other _Azalea's_. - -Prof. Pallas relates that the honey of bees frequenting the flowers of -this plant is supposed to be narcotic, and that goats, kine, and sheep -on eating its leaves have been poisoned thereby. - -By permission and with the approbation of Mr. Anthony Hove, the -following extracts from his journal are here inserted. - -"June 9, 1796, found a few of this species of _Azalea_ on the river -Dnieper in swampy ground, four feet high, beginning to blow, called here -the stupifying shrub, and considered by some as highly efficacious in -curing the venereal disease. - -"June 20, found this species on the river Dniester, on the estate of -Count Stanislaus Sczesny Potocki, about sixteen English miles from the -town of Mohilow, in peat earth, from four to twenty feet high; regarded -by the common people as intoxicating, and used in the cure of various -diseases. - -"July 4, near Oczakow, found thousands of these plants fully blown, in a -marsh, every spring-tide overflown by the sea; found there also, a -Tartarian farmer, who lived entirely by the profits arising from the -honey which the bees extracted from the flowers of this plant, sold to -Constantinople and other parts of Turkey for medicinal uses. - -"July 15, arrived at Trebizond, found a valley about ten English miles -from the sea covered with these plants." - -On cultivation, Mr. Hove relates that he found the _Azalea's_ from -Trebizond much more tender than those from the borders of the Dnieper -and the Dniester, and was therefore inclined to regard them as strong -varieties if not distinct species. - -The leaves, when fully expanded, are in size and figure like those on -the plate, hairy on both sides, and terminating in a very remarkable -blunt mucro or point, which has not been noticed either by those who -have described or figured the plant as it deserves, for it appears to -form a very strong character. - - - - -[434] - -[Illustration: Nº. 434] - -Oxybaphus Viscosus. Viscid Umbrella-Wort. - -_Class and Order._ - -Triandria Monogynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cal._ 5-fidus campanulatus. _Cor._ infundibuliformis. _Nux_ 5-gona - 1-sperma calyce explanato persistenti circumdata. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - OXYBAPHUS _viscosus_. _L'Herit. Monograph._ - - MIRABILIS _viscosa_ floribus racemosis; foliis cordatis - orbiculato-acutis tomentosis. _Cav. Icon. I. n. 17. t. 19._ - -The present is one of those plants which is entitled to our admiration, -for its curious and singular structure, rather than for any -extraordinary figure it makes in a collection; not that its flowers are -without a certain share of beauty. - -It is an annual, growing to about the height of two feet; the whole -plant is viscous, and, if bruised, smells somewhat disagreeably; the -flowers do not open at any particular time as those of the _Mirabilis_ -do, and each contains only three stamina; when they fall off, which they -do soon after expanding, the calyx closes on the germen, enlarges, -droops, and becomes deeply plaited; on the ripening of the seed it turns -brown, expands, and is suspended like a little umbrella over the seed, -which when perfectly ripe drops out on the ground; the expanded calyx in -this state appears somewhat like the flower of a Physalis. - -This plant flowers from June to October, and ripens its seeds in the -open air; it is not difficult of culture, requires the same treatment as -other tender annuals from Peru. - -Our figure was drawn from a plant which flowered 1796, in the collection -of the Marchioness of Bute, and was raised from Peruvian seeds, sent her -by Prof. Ortega of Madrid, under the name of _Mirabilis triandra_; Mons. -Cavanille has figured and described it as the _Mirabilis viscosa_; Mons. -L'Heritier, from a consideration of all its characters, has been induced -to make a new genus of it, which he has called _Oxybaphus_. - - - - -[435] - -[Illustration: Nº. 435] - -Gnaphalium Ericoides. Heath-Leaved Gnaphalium, or Everlasting. - -_Class and Order._ - -Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Recept._ nudum. _Pappus_ plumosus. _Cal._ imbricatus: squamis - marginalibus rotundatis scariosis coloratis. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - GNAPHALIUM _ericoides_ fruticosum foliis sessilibus linearibus, - calycibus exterioribus rudibus, interioribus incarnatis. _Linn. Am. - Acad. v. 6. p. 99._ _Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 746._ _Ait. - Hort. Kew. p. 174._ - -In the 6th vol. of the _Amoenitates Academicæ_, Linnæus describes this -species of _Gnaphalium_, most probably from dried specimens collected at -the Cape, where it is a native; so insignificant did the plant appear to -him, that in his description, he calls it _misera_; compared with the -more magnificent species, such a term might not perhaps be inapplicable: -but, though small, the plant possesses much beauty when cultivated, and -hence is generally kept in our green-houses. - -It flowers from March to August. - -Its branches, naturally weak and trailing, require to be carefully tied -up; if this business be executed with taste and judgment, the natural -beauty of the plant may be considerably heightened. - -It is readily increased by cuttings. - -Was introduced to the royal garden at Kew, by Mr. Masson, in 1774. - - - - -[436] - -[Illustration: Nº. 436] - -Hibiscus Præmorsus. Bitten-Leaved Hibiscus. - -_Class and Order._ - -Monadelphia Polyandria. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cal._ duplex: exterior polyphyllus. _Caps._ 5-locularis, - polysperma. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - HIBISCUS _præmorsus_ foliis subrotundis, dentato-serratis retusis - pubescentibus. _Ait. Kew. v. 2. 454._ - - HIBISCUS _præmorsus_ hirsutus, foliis ovatis basi - angustato-cordatis apice præmorsis crenatis, calycibus tomentosis, - seminibus tuberculatis. _Linn. Suppl. Pl. p. 309._ - - PAVONIA _cuneifolia_. _Cavan. Diff. 3. p. 139. t. 45. f. 1._ - - URENA _præmorsa_. _L'Herit. Stirp. nov. t. 51._ - -Though not so shewy a plant as many of the genus, we find this species -of _Hibiscus_ in most collections of green-house plants about London, -flowering from June to September. - -Its foliage is singular, its blossoms sulphur coloured with a tint of -orange on the under side and without scent; if suffered to grow, this -shrub will acquire a considerable height; it seeds freely, by which the -plant is readily increased, and by these it requires to be renewed once -in two or three years. - -Is a native of the Cape, from whence it was introduced, by Mr. Masson, -in 1774. _Ait. Kew._ - -It will be seen by the synonyms, that authors have been divided in their -opinions as to the genus of this plant; Linnæus the younger, in his -_Suppl._ makes it an _Hibiscus_; Cavanille, a _Pavonia_; L'Heritier, an -_Urena_; Mr. Aiton, an _Hibiscus_; not partial to the multiplying of -genera, unless there be an obvious necessity for it, we have in the -present instance followed the first and last of these writers. - - - - -[437] - -[Illustration: Nº. 437] - -Hydrangea Arborescens. Shrubby Hydrangea. - -_Class and Order._ - -Decandria Digynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Caps._ 2-locularis, 2-rostris, infera, foramine inter stylos - dehiscens. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - HYDRANGEA _arborescens_ caule arboreo. _Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 13._ - _Gmel. Syst. Veget. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 410._ _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. - 76._ - - ANONYMOS floribus albis parvis, in umbella lata magna dispositis - odoratis, foliis amplis acuminatis serratis pediculis insidentibus - ex adverso binis, caule fruticoso præalto non ramoso, vasculo - parvo, bicapsulari, seminibus minutissimis repleto, duobus parvis - filamentis seu corniculis recurvis coronato. _Clayt. n. 79._ _Mill. - Icon. t. 251._ _Duham. Arb. 1. t. 3._ - -As a shrub commonly cultivated for ornament in our gardens and -plantations, the _Hydrangea arborescens_ has a right to appear in this -work, nevertheless it is more with a view to illustrate a peculiar -character of the genus that it is here figured. - -This shrub is a native of Virginia, and was introduced in 1736, by P. -Collinson, Esq. it is of low growth, rarely exceeding four feet in -height; its flowers are produced on the summits of the branches, -somewhat in the manner of the _Laurustinus_; they are small, crowded, -nearly white, with a tinge of red in them which is not very brilliant, -and some fragrance; they are produced in July and August, and sometimes -followed by ripe seeds here. - -Is easily propagated by parting its roots the latter end of October, -prefers a moist soil, but will grow in a dry one; if in severe frosts -the stalks, which are rather soft, should be killed, new ones will be -put up the following Spring. - - - - -[438] - -[Illustration: Nº. 438] - -Hydrangea Hortensis. Garden Hydrangea. - - HYDRANGEA _hortensis_ foliis ellipticis serratis glaberrimis - staminibus æqualibus. _Smith icon. rar. t. 12._ - - HORTENSIA. _Commmers. Jussieu Gen. 214._ - - PRIMULA _mutabilis_ caule suffruticoso multiplici, foliis ovatis - serratis, floribus nudis. _Loureir Coch. Chin. v. 1. p. 104._ - - VIBURNUM _tomentosum_ foliis ovatis acuminatis serratis venosis - subtus tomentosis, umbellis lateralibus. _Thunb. Jap. p. 123. ?_ - - SAMBUCUS aquatica surculis pinguibus punctatis, &c. Sijo vulgo - Adsai et Ansai et Adsiki. _Kæmpf. Am. Exot. p. 854._ var. fl. albo, - pila florida major. - -It appears to be a point not yet fully determined, whether the present -plant exhibits the appearances belonging to it in a state of nature, or -those which are in a certain degree the effect of accident, or of art; -in its fructification it certainly is not so completely barren as the -Guilder Rose, _Viburnum Opulus_, cultivated in our gardens, since it has -most of its parts perfect; yet as none of the authors who have seen it -in China or Japan (where it is said not only to be much cultivated but -indigenous[1]) describe its fruit, we are inclined on that account to -regard it, in a certain degree, as monstrous. - -It will appear by the synonyms, that authors have entertained very -different opinions as to what this plant really is; Jussieu following -Commerson makes it an _Hortensia_, Thunberg a _Viburnum_, Loureiro, -ridiculously enough, a _Primula_, and Dr. Smith an _Hydrangea_. - -In the original description of the characters of the genus _Hydrangea_ -by Linnæus, there is no mention made of two different kinds of florets, -as in the _Viburnum_, nor has any author that I am acquainted with -described the _Hydrangea arbor._ as producing such; yet, to my great -surprise, in a plant of this sort which flowered in my garden at -Brompton in July 1797, three of the Cymæ, and three only, threw out each -of them from their circumference a very different flower from those -in the centre, smaller indeed, but very similar to the flowers of the -_Hydrang. hort._ see Pl. 437. In 1788, Mr. Walter published his _Fl. -Carolin._ in which he describes a second species of _Hydrangea_, which -he calls _radiata_,[2] having very distinctly, as in the _Viburnum_, -two different kinds of florets in the same Cyma, this variation in the -florets is added by him to the generic character: the similarity which -exists between the flowers of Mr. Walter's _Hydrangea radiata_, and -those of the present plant sufficiently justify Dr. Smith in making it -an _Hydrangea_; the appearances observed by Loureiro[3] on dissecting -the germen, and our discovery of the existence of two different kinds of -flowers in the _Hydrangea arborescens_, tend still more to confirm its -propriety; we may add, that in the very habit of these several plants -there exists a considerable similarity; still, however, it is only by -ripe seed-vessels of the present plant, that this doubtful matter can be -satisfactorily cleared up; but it will not follow, that if it be not an -_Hydrangea_ it must be a _Viburnum_. - -This magnificent and highly ornamental plant, according to Dr. Smith, -was introduced from China to the royal garden at Kew, by Sir Joseph -Banks, Bart. in 1790; it was imported by Mr. Slater about the same time, -with whom it is said to have first flowered in this country. - -If room were allowed us, it would be superfluous to describe minutely a -plant now so very common; suffice it to say, that from a strong -perennial root, rise a number of half-shrubby, irregular, somewhat -spongy stalks, strongly spotted when young with purple, from one to -three feet high, terminated by large bunches of flowers, at first green, -then rose-coloured, and finally green a second time; these are the most -common changes to which they are liable: but it will sometimes happen -that a plant which has produced red flowers one year, shall produce blue -another, though growing in the same pot; this we saw happen in the year -1796 to a plant in the possession of the Countess of Upper Ossory, whose -refined taste and superior judgment have in several instances -contributed to render our works more acceptable to the public: the -coloured changeable part of the flower is regarded as the calyx, in the -centre of which is the corolla, containing the stamina, &c. all varying -greatly in point of number; besides these, there are other flowers -without any calyx, but the parts which they contain do not seem to be -more perfect than those of the others, nor more productive of ripe -fruit. - -Since the introduction of this plant, trials have been made in regard to -its hardiness, and it is found to survive mild winters if planted in -very warm sheltered situations; but in others, both stalks and leaves -are liable to be killed by slight frosts, though the roots are not; if -persons are anxious to have it in the open border, the best mode will be -to cut down the stems at the approach of winter, and cover over the root -with rotten tan, or some light substance; in the spring fresh stalks -will shoot forth, but it is more common to keep this plant during winter -in a green-house or well secured frame; by artificial heat it may be -brought to flower in April or May, without such, it begins to blossom -about June, and continues in bloom till October; when successfully -treated, it will acquire the height of three feet, and produce bunches -of flowers supremely magnificent: such plants in pots are admirably -adapted for decorating court-yards, balconies, &c. unless carefully cut -in, it is apt to grow too large for the green-house, therefore it is -proper to have a succession of young plants from cuttings, which strike -very freely; this plant loves water, is indeed almost an aquatic, a rich -soil, and plenty of pot room. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] _Habitat_ et ob pulchritudinem colitur Cantone Sinarum, _Loureir. -Coch. Chin. v. 1. p. 104._ Crescit in sylvis variis, inter Miaco et -Jedo, etiam cultum, _Thunb. Fl. Jap. p. 123_, who refers to Kæmpfer, -whose plant is certainly ours; yet it must be acknowledged that -Thunberg's description does not well accord with it. - -[2] This plant, or one extremely similar to it, was introduced by Mr. -Williams, Nurseryman at Paris, a few years since; we saw it in full -bloom, at Mr. Colvill's, King's-Road, in the Summer of 1796. - -[3] Pericarpium abortit, quod ex dissecto germine et per microscopium -viso apparet polyspermum. - - - - -[439] - -[Illustration: Nº. 439] - -Illicium Floridanum. Red-flowered Illicium, or Aniseed-Tree. - -_Class and Order._ - -Polyandria Polygynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cal._ 6-phyllus. _Petala 27._ _Caps._ plures, in orbem digestæ, - bivalves, monospermæ. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - ILLICIUM _floridanum_ floribus rubris. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. - 14. Murr. p. 507._ _Ellis Act. Angl. 1770. (v. 60.) p. 524. t. 12._ - _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 250._ - -Of the genus _Illicium_ there are at present only two known species, -viz. the _anisatum_ and _floridanum_, the former a native of China and -Japan, the latter of Florida; both of them are cultivated in this -country, but the latter more generally, on account of the superior -beauty of its flowers, which are of a fine deep red colour, and have the -appearance of being double, though the petals are not preternaturally -multiplied; when the plant is in bloom the peduncles hang down, when the -petals drop they become erect; the blossoms are not distinguished by -their fragrance, though the seed-vessels, and seeds (which do not come -to perfection with us) are said to be strongly odoriferous; the foliage -of this plant is also much admired: taking it indeed altogether, there -are few shrubs held in higher estimation. - -According to Mr. Aiton, this species was introduced by John Ellis, Esq. -in 1776; but Isaac Walker, Esq. of Southgate, was the first who -possessed it in this country, he informs me by letter, that he received -plants of it from Pensacola in 1771, by the hands of Mr. John Bradley, -and that he communicated some of them to Dr. Fothergill, Dr. Pitcairn, -and Mr. Ellis. It flowers from April to July. - -Cultivators differ widely as to their treatment of this plant, some -keeping it in the stove, others in the green-house, while some have -ventured to plant it in the open ground in warm situations; it probably -is more hardy than we imagine; all agree in propagating it by layers, or -by seeds if they can be procured. Linnæus, contrary to his usual -practice, distinguishes the two species by their colour only, and -Thunberg is disposed to regard them as mere varieties. - - - - -[440] - -[Illustration: Nº. 440] - -Erica Albens. Pallid Heath. - -_Class and Order._ - -Octandria Monogynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cal._ 4-phyllus. _Cor._ 4-fida. _Filamenta_ receptaculo inserta. - _Antheræ_ apice bifidæ, pertusæ. _Caps._ 4-locularis, 4-valvis, - polysperma. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - ERICA _albens_ antheris muticis inclusis, corollis ovatis oblongis - acutis, foliis ternis, racemis secundis. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. - Murr. ed. 14. p. 367._ _Mant. 233._ - - ERICA _albens_ mutica, foliis ternis trigonis pilosis, floribus - lateralibus, calyce villoso. _Thunb. Prodr. p. 70._ - -This species, a native of the Cape, has been introduced since the -publication of the _Hort. Kew._ and is now to be found in most -green-house collections near town. - - * * * * * - -In its habit, its foliage, and its flowers, it is very distinct from all -our other heaths; flowers from April to June, is readily increased by -cuttings, and easily kept with the common treatment. - - - - -[441] - -[Illustration: Nº. 441] - -Antholyza Merianella. Dwarf Antholyza. - -_Class and Order._ - -Triandria Monogynia. - -_Generic Character._ - -_Cor._ tubulosa, irregularis, recurvata. _Caps._ infera. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - ANTHOLYZA _Merianella_ corollis infundibuliformibus, foliis - linearibus. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 87._ _Ait. Kew. - v. 1. p. 67._ - - WATSONIA _humilis_ foliis lineari-ensiformibus, tubo floris - longissimo. _Mill. ic. 198. t. 297. f. 2._ - -This very rare species is perfectly distinct from the _Meriana_, of more -humble growth, the flowering stem seldom rising to more than a foot in -height, and producing from four to six flowers, which are proportionably -longer, more closed, and of a deeper red colour than those of _Meriana_. - -Was introduced from the Cape by Capt. Hutchinson, in 1754. _Ait. Kew._ - -Is readily increased by offsets, and requires the same treatment as the -_Anthol. Meriana_ already figured. - -Flowers in May and June. - -Our drawing was made from a plant which flowered with Mr. Fairbairn, at -the Apothecaries Garden, Chelsea, May 2, 1798. - - - - -[442] - -[Illustration: Nº. 442] - -Genista Linifolia. Flax-Leaved Broom. - -_Class and Order._ - -Diadelphia Decandria. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cal._ 2-labiatus 2/3. _Vexillum_ oblongum, a pistillo - staminibusque deorsum reflexum. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - GENISTA _linifolia_ foliis ternatis sessilibus linearibus subtus - sericeis. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 645._ _Ait. Kew. - v. 3. p. 14._ - - CYTISUS _argenteus_ linifolius insularum stæchadum. _Tourn. Inst. - 648._ - -The _Genista linifolia_ is a native of Spain, and was introduced to the -royal garden at Kew, by Sir Francis Drake, in the year 1786. _Ait. Kew._ - -The bright yellow flowers, which are abundantly produced on this plant -during May and June, joined to the silky appearance of its foliage, has -rendered it worthy the notice of most lovers of plants, in whose -collections it is now generally found. - -It is most successfully propagated by seeds, which usually ripen in this -country; it may also be raised from cuttings, but not readily, agreeing -in this respect with leguminous plants in general. - -We do not find in Linnæus's works any figure of this plant referred to; -but there is a minute description of it in his _Sp. Pl._ - -It is usually kept in the greenhouse; being a native of Spain, it may -probably be more hardy than we imagine. - - - - -[443] - -[Illustration: Nº. 443] - -Erica Physodes. Sticky-Flowered Heath. - -_Class and Order._ - -Octandria Monogynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cal._ 4-phyllus. _Cor._ 4-fida. _Filamenta_ receptaculo inserta. - _Antheræ_ apice bifidæ pertusæ. _Caps._ 4-locularis, 4-valvis, - polysperma. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - ERICA _physodes_ antheris cristatis, corollis ovatis inflatis, - stylo incluso, foliis quaternis, floribus subsolitariis. _Linn. - Syst. Vegetab. Murr. p. 366._ _Berg. Cup. 108._ - - ERICA _physodes_ cristata, foliis quaternis linearibus, floribus - umbellatis viscosis, calyce ovato brevi. _Thunb. Prodr. p. 74._ - -The _Erica physodes_ is a native of the Cape, and another of those -species which have been introduced since the publication of the _Hort. -Kew._ of Mr. Aiton. - - * * * * * - -It is principally distinguished by the form, and delicate whiteness of -its blossoms, which are so extremely viscid as to retain flies and other -insects which settle on them. - - * * * * * - -Is scarcely to be increased by cuttings, more readily by seeds, which -sometimes ripen here. - - - - -[444] - -[Illustration: Nº. 444] - -Canarina Campanula. Canary Bell-Flower. - -_Class and Order._ - -Hexandria Monogynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cal._ 6-phyllus. _Cor._ 6-fida, campanulata. _Stigmata 6._ _Caps._ - infera, 6-locularis, polysperma. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - CANARINA _Campanula_ caule erecto, foliis hastatis ternis - oppositisve. _Martyn Mill. Dict. Linn. Syst. Veg. ed. 14._ _Murr. - p. 344._ _Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 480._ _Linn. Mant. p. 225._ - - CAMPANULA _canariensis_ capsulis quinquelocularibus, foliis - hastatis dentatis oppositis petiolatis. _Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p. - 238._ - - CAMPANULA _canariensis_ regia _s._ medium radice tuberosa, foliis - sinuatis cæsiis atriplicis æmulis ternis circum caulem ambientibus, - flore amplo pendulo colore flammeo rutilante. _Pluk. Alm. 76. t. - 276. f. 1._ - -The flowers of this plant so strongly resemble those of the Campanula, -that it is no wonder the older Botanists regarded it as such, Linnæus -himself did so at first, and Miller also; and even now it may perhaps be -doubted whether it ought to be made a distinct genus of, since it is -found to differ principally in the number of its parts of -fructification. - -It is a native of the Canary Islands, whence its name, was cultivated in -the royal garden, Hampton-Court, as long since as the year 1696[4], and -is a tender herbaceous plant, to be found in most of our greenhouses; -its stem rises to the height of six or more feet, its flowers produced -singly from the fork of the stalk are large and shewy, they begin to -open at the commencement of winter, and continue to blow till March. - -"Is propagated by parting of its roots, which must be done with caution; -for, as the root is fleshy, if they are broken or wounded, the milky -juice will flow out plentifully; so that if these are planted before the -wounds are skinned over, it occasions their rotting: the best time for -transplanting and parting of their roots is in July, soon after the -stalks are decayed; the soil should he a light sandy loam, mixed with a -fourth part of screened lime rubbish." Miller. - -FOOTNOTE: - -[4] Ait. Kew. - - - - -[445] - -[Illustration: Nº. 445] - -Coronilla Emerus. Scorpion Senna. - -_Class and Order._ - -Diadelphia Decandria. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cal._ 2-labiatus: 2/3: dentibus superioribus connatis. _Vexillum_ - vix alis longius. _Legumen_ isthmis interceptum. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - CORONILLA _Emerus_ fruticosa, pedunculis subtrifloris, corollarum - unguibus calyce triplo longioribus, caule angulato. _Linn. Syst. - Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 669._ _Ait. Kew. v. 3. p. 57._ - - COLUTEA siliquosa _s._ scorpioides major. _Bauh. Pin. p. 1046._ - -Authors have given to this plant the name of Scorpion Senna, its -seed-vessels, from their slender and jointed appearance, bearing some -resemblance to the tail of a scorpion. - -It is a native of France and Germany, and a very old inhabitant of our -gardens, having been cultivated by Gerard in 1596; it is of low and slow -growth: there is a shrub of it in the Apothecaries Garden, Chelsea, -which grew there in the time of Miller, and which now is not more than -five feet high. - -In the nurseries we have observed two varieties of it, one in which the -flowers have been tinged with bright red inclining to orange and which -is by far the most common, the other with flowers wholly yellow, -scarcely worth cultivating. - -Its blossoms are produced in May and June, and sometimes again in -autumn; neatly trained to a wall or paling, it makes a beautiful -appearance when in flower, the shortness of its shoots renders it a very -proper object for this purpose. - -Is propagated by seeds, layers, and cuttings; the first are not produced -in any great plenty with us. - -The leaves by a proper fermentation are said to produce a dye like that -of Indigo. - - - - -[446] - -[Illustration: Nº. 446] - -Psoralea Bracteata. Oval-Spiked Psoralea. - -_Class and Order._ - -Diadelphia Decandria. - -_Generic Character._ - -_Cal._ punctis callosis adspersus longitudine leguminis monspermi. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - PSORALEA _bracteata_ foliis ternatis obovatis recurvato-mucronatis, - mucronatis, spicis ovatis. _Linn. Mant. 264._ _Berg. Cap. 224._ - _Ait. Kew. v. 3. p. 79._ - - TRIFOLIUM fruticans. _Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p. 1085._ - - TRIFOLIUM africanum fruticans flore purpurascente. _Comm. Hort. 2. - p. 211. t. 106._ - -The old authors, and indeed Linnæus himself at first, regarded this -plant as a Trifolium; afterwards the latter changed it to _Psoralea_, -and minutely described it in his _Mantissa_. - -As a green-house plant, this small and delicate species has long been -cultivated[5], and still continues to hold a place in all collections of -note. - -Its inflorence to us has more the appearance of a _capitulum_ than a -_spike_, and which when the plant is in full bloom, is by no means -ovate, but rather hemispherical; the purple colour of the vexillum, -contrasted with the white of the alæ, gives to the flowers a very -pleasing parti-coloured appearance. - -In its leaves we have a good example of the _folium mucronatum_. - -It is a native of the Cape, flowers in June and July, and is usually -propagated by cuttings. - -FOOTNOTE: - -[5] By Miller, in 1731. - - - - -[447] - -[Illustration: Nº. 447] - -Erica Empetrifolia. Crowberry-Leaved Heath. - -_Class and Order._ - -Octandria Monogynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cal._ 4-phyllus. _Cor._ 4-fida. _Filamenta_ receptaculo inserta. - _Antheræ_ apice bifidæ pertusæ. _Caps._ 4-locularis, 4-valvis, - polysperma. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - ERICA _empetrifolia_ foliis oblongis ciliatis, floribus - verticillatis: calyce ciliato. _Thunb. Prodr. p. 73._ _Linn. Syst. - Vegetab. ed. 13. Gmel. p. 627._ _Linn. Pflanzen Syst. 3. t. 23. f. - 2._ - - ERICA _empetrifolia_ antheris cristatis, corollis ovatis, foliis - quaternis, floribus sessilibus lateralibus. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. - ed. 14. Murr. p. 366._ _Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 19._ - -It is a most pleasing circumstance, when plants afford characters by -which they may with certainty be distinguished; most of the Heaths are -of this kind, and the present one in particular: exclusive of its great -peculiarity of growth, so obviously expressed in our representation of -it, its flowers diffuse a strong honey-like fragrance, which, if other -characters were wanting, would at once discriminate it. - -It is one of those Heaths which are enumerated in the _Hort. Kew._ of -Mr. Aiton, and was introduced to the royal garden by Mr. Masson, in -1774; is now to be met with in most of the collections of green-house -plants about town, and flowers in May and June. - -Is usually propagated by cuttings. - - - - -[448] - -[Illustration: Nº. 448] - -Mesembryanthemum Micans. Glittering Fig-Marygold. - -_Class and Order._ - -Icosandria Pentagynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cal._ 5-fidus. _Petala_ numerosa, linearia. _Caps._ carnosa, - infera, polysperma. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - MESEMBRYANTHEMUM _micans_ foliis subcylindricis papulosis - distinctis, caule scabro. _Linn. Syst. Veg. ed. 14. Murr. p. 470._ - _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 190._ - - MESEMBRYANTHEMUM _micans_ flore phoeniceo: filamentis atris. - _Dill. Elth. 292. t. 215. f. 1282._ - - FICOIDES capensis, tereti folio, flore croceo. _Pet. gaz. t. 7. f. - 9._ - - FICOIDES capensis, folio tereti argenteo, petalis perplurimis - aurantiacis. _Bradl. Succ. 1. p. 9. t. 8._ - -The _Mesembryanthemum micans_, so called from the glittering particles -which are conspicuous on its stalks and leaves, is a species which has -long been introduced to our gardens (having been cultivated by Prof. -Bradley in 1716) for the beauty of its flowers, which in richness of -colour are indeed surpassed by few; they are produced in the months of -July and August, but do not expand fully, unless the sun shines -powerfully on them; nor do they long retain that regular expansion -observable in some species, but quickly assume a somewhat ragged -appearance; nevertheless, upon the whole, it is one of those species -which is highly deserving of culture, by those who are partial to this -tribe of plants. - -It is a native of the Cape, and readily propagated by cuttings. - -Varies with flowers of a paler hue. - - - - -[449] - -[Illustration: Nº. 449] - -Dillenia Speciosa. Shewy Dillenia. - -_Class and Order._ - -Polyandria Polygynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cal._ 5-phyllus. _Petala 5._ _Caps._ polyspermæ, connatæ, pulpa - repletæ. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - DILLENIA _speciosa_ foliis oblongis rotundato-acutis denticulatis, - pedunculis unifloris. _Thunb. in Linn. Trans. 1. p. 200._ - - DILLENIA _indica_. _Linn. Syst Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 507._ - - SYALITA Malabaris. _Rheede Hort. Malab. tom. iii. p. 39. t. 38. - 39._ - -The name of _Dillenia_ was given by Linnæus to this genus of plants, in -honour of John James Dillenius, Professor of Botany at Oxford, and the -celebrated author of the _Hist. Muscorum_, _Hort. Elthamensis_, &c. - -Until the publication of the first volume of the _Linnean Transactions_, -only one species of _Dillenia_ was generally known; in that work Prof. -Thunberg minutely describes five others, three of which are there -figured; all these, and one more described by Dr. Roxburgh in his work -on the Coromandel plants, are inserted by Prof. Martyn in his new and -highly improved edition of Miller's _Dictionary_. - -The present species, which now loses its name of _indica_ in that of -_speciosa_, and which though not enumerated in the _Hort. Kew._ has many -years been cultivated at Kew, and in the stoves of the curious near -town, is a native of Malabar and Java; in its native soil it becomes a -vast tree, here we rarely see it more than two or three feet high; its -flowers are large and shewy, but quickly deciduous, and remarkable for -the unpleasantness of their scent, which is like that of the _Lycium -japonicum_, but not being readily exhaled does not infect the air of the -stove. - -This species is increased without difficulty by cuttings, which quickly -produce flowering plants. - - - - -[450] - -[Illustration: Nº. 450] - -Gladiolus Watsonius. Watson's Corn-Flag. - -_Class and Order._ - -Triandria Monogynia. - -_Generic Character._ - -_Cor._ 6-partita, tubulosa, ringens. _Stamina_ adscendentia. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - GLADIOLUS _Watsonius_ corollis infundibuliformibus, limbi laciniis - subæqualibus, foliis linearibus ad oras revolutis. _Jacq. Icon. - rar. 2. t. 233. Collect. 3. p. 257._ _Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. Wilden. p. - 214._ - - GLADIOLUS _Watsonius_ monostachyus corollis cernuis, tubo duplici, - limbi laciniis oblongis, foliis linearibus glabris. _Thunb. Prod. - p. 8._ - -Professors Jacquin and Thunberg have both described this rare bulbous -plant, a native of the Cape, and newly introduced to this country from -Holland among a great variety of others: it seems highly probable that -the descriptions of both these authors were taken from dried specimens, -since they accord so little with the living plant as it flowers with us. - -At first sight, one would be led to regard this plant as an _Antholyza_ -rather than a _Gladiolus_, its flowers bearing a great affinity to those -of the _Antholyza Meriana_, which differs widely from those of the -_Gladiolus communis_: Prof. Thunberg having thought fit to make a -_Gladiolus_ of that plant, he could do no less than regard this as a -_Gladiolus_ also; we regret that the infinite variety to which all the -productions of nature are subject should give occasion to versatile -minds perpetually to alter genera, often without due consideration. This -species flowers in February and March, requires the same treatment as -other Cape bulbs, and is propagated in the same manner. - -Descr. Stalk from twelve to eighteen inches high, upright, smooth; -Leaves about three or four, the lowermost a sheath merely, the second -leaf springs from a long sheath, is puckered at its base, three inches -in length, upright, rigid, flat, linear-lanceolate, having three strong -ribs, one in the middle, two at the margin, which, projecting on each -side, give to the edge of the leaf a thick appearance, the leaves as -they ascend, gradually differ from this, and finally become hollow -bracteæ, which at first envelope the flowers, and afterwards contribute -to support them; Flowers from two to three, each standing on a -peduncle-like tube, enclosed by a bifid spatha, contained within and -about half the length of the bracteæ; Corolla bright red, funnel-shaped, -tube bent somewhat downwards, nearly cylindrical, a little flattened, -and glossy, limb divided into six ovato-lanceolate segments, spreading -outwards, the uppermost segment incumbent, the three lowermost smaller -than the others; Filaments three, whitish, nearly straight; Antheræ -oblong, straight, purple; Style red; Stigma trifid, each segment -dividing into two villous lips. - - - - -[451] - -[Illustration: Nº. 451] - -Blakea Trinervia. Three-Ribbed Blakea. - -_Class and Order._ - -Dodecandria Monogynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cal._ inferus, 6-phyllus, superus, integer. _Petala 6._ _Capsula_ - 6-locularis, polysperma. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - BLAKEA _trinervia_ bicalyculata, foliis enerviis transversim - subtilissime striatis. _Linn. Suppl. p. 246._ _Syst. Veg. ed. 14._ - _Murr. p. 442._ - - BLAKEA foliis ellipticis trinerviis nitidis, floribus lateralibus. - _Brown. Jam. 323. t. 35._ The wild Rose. - -"This vegetable is certainly one of the most beautiful productions of -_America_. It is but a weakly plant at first, and supports itself for a -time by the help of some neighbouring shrub or tree; but it grows -gradually more robust, and at length acquires a pretty moderate stem, -which divides into a thousand weakly declining branches, well supplied -with beautiful rosy blossoms on all sides that give it a most pleasing -appearance in the season. - -"It is chiefly found in cool, moist, and shady places, and grows -generally to the height of ten or fourteen feet; but rises always higher -when it remains a climber, in which state it continues sometimes. It -thrives best on the sides of ponds or rivulets, and those that would -choose to have it flourish in their gardens, where it must naturally -make a very elegant appearance, ought to supply it with some support -while it continues young and weakly. - -"It is called _Blakea_, after Mr. Martin Blake, of Antigua, a great -promoter of every sort of useful knowledge, and a gentleman to whose -friendship the Natural History of Jamaica chiefly owes its early -appearance." _Brown's Jamaic._ - -Our figure was drawn from a very fine healthy plant which flowered in -the collection of Lady Downe, at her villa of Bookham-Grove, near -Leatherhead, in April 1799; though not enumerated in the _Hortus -Kewensis_, it had produced blossoms in several other collections near -town long before this period; those when they once expand are of short -duration, but the foliage when healthy is always handsome. - -It is usually kept in the stove with other Jamaica plants, and -propagated by layers. - -We cannot see the propriety of applying _foliis enerviis_ to the -description of this species, since Linnæus himself, in his _Sp. Pl._ -describes the leaves as _trinervia_; three strong ribs they always have, -and usually two others near the margin which are finer. - - - - -[452] - -[Illustration: Nº. 452] - -Cardamine Trifolia. Three-Leaved Cuckow-Flower. - -_Class and Order._ - -Tetradynamia Siliquosa. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Siliqua_ elastice dissiliens valvulis revolutis. _Stigma_ - integrum. _Cal._ subhians. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - CARDAMINE trifolia foliis ternatis obtusis, caule subnudo. _Linn. - Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 593._ _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 387._ - - NASTURTIUM alpinum trifolium. _Bauh. Pin. 104._ - - CARDAMINE trifolia. Trefoile Ladies smockes. _Parkins. Parad. p. - 389._ - -Such as are attached to the smaller alpine plants, will regard this -species of _Cardamine_ as worthy a place in their collections; one would -scarcely have expected to find it in Parkinson's _Parad._ yet there it -is described, and the following account given of its introduction: "It -was sent me by my especial good friend John Tradescante, who brought it -among other dainty plants from beyond the seas, and imparted thereof a -root to me." - -This species is perennial, hardy, and of very humble growth; the leaves -grow thickly together, forming a kind of tuft; the flowering stems -rarely rise above the height of six inches, and produce on their summits -numerous flowers, waved on their edges; all those which we have had an -opportunity of seeing have been perfectly white, Parkinson and Haller -describe them as being sometimes tinged with red or purple; they begin -to appear towards the end of March and continue through April, the -shelter of a hand-glass open at top is often necessary to protect and -improve the flowering of this and other such early-blowing plants. - -It grows readily either in a pot or in the open border, succeeds best -when planted in bog earth in a situation moderately moist and shady, and -is readily increased by parting its roots, which are somewhat of the -creeping kind. - -Grows spontaneously in most of the northern parts of Europe, especially -Lapland, Switzerland, and Austria. - - - - -[453] - -[Illustration: Nº. 453] - -Amaryllis Reginæ. Mexican Lily. - -_Class and Order._ - -Hexandria Monogynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cor._ hexapetaloidea irregularis. _Filamenta_ fauci tubi inserta, - declinata, inæqualia proportione vel directione. _Linn. fil._ - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - AMARYLLIS _reginæ_ spatha subbiflora, pedicellis divaricatis, - corollis campanulatis breve tubulosis nutantibus, fauce tubi - hirsuta, foliis lanceolatis patulis. _Linn. fil. Ait. Kew. 416. - Mill. ic. p. 16. t. 24._ - - LILIUM americanum puniceo flore Belladonna dictum. _Herm. par. 194. - t. 194._ - -Descr. "Bulb green, scape round, somewhat flattened: Corolla scarlet, -with a bottom of a whitish green, the three outer petals round at the -tip, the three inner fringed at the base; the style red, the flower -stems seldom rise more than one foot high; each stem supports two, -three, or four flowers, rarely more; they are large, and of a bright -copper colour, inclining to red; the spathe which cover the buds before -they open, divides into two parts to the bottom, standing on each side -the umbel of flowers joined to the peduncles. - -"It flowered in Mr. Fairchild's garden at Hoxton, in 1728, when the late -Dr. James Douglass caused a figure of it to be drawn, and wrote a folio -pamphlet on it. He gave it the title of _Lilium Reginæ_, because it was -in full beauty on the first of March, which was the late queen's -birth-day. Mr. Fairchild told me the roots were brought from Mexico; so -he gave it the name of Mexican Lily, which is still continued to it by -the English gardeners. It flowers constantly in the spring, when it is -placed in a very warm stove. It is in beauty in February, and those -which are in a moderate temperature of air will flower in March or -April. - -"Not being so hardy as some others, it must be placed in a warm stove, -and if the pots are plunged into a hot-bed of tanner's bark, the roots -will thrive better, and the flowers will be strong. - -"It is increased by offsets." _Mill. Dict. ed. Mart._ - - - - -[454] - -[Illustration: Nº. 454] - -Canna Indica. Common Indian Reed or Shot. - -_Class and Order._ - -Monandria Monogynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Corolla_ 6-partita erecta: labio bipartito, revoluto. _Stylus_ - lanceolatus, corollæ adnatus. _Calyx_ 3-phyllus. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - CANNA _Indica_ foliis ovatis utrinque acuminatis nervosis. _Sp. Pl. - 1._ _Ait. Kew. vol. 1. p. 1._ - - CANNACORUS. _Rumph. amb. 5. p. 177. t. 71. f. 2._ - - ARUNDO indica latifolia. _Bauh. Pin. 19._ - - CANNA Indica flore rubro. Red flowred Indian Reede. _Park. Parad. - p. 376._ - -The _Canna indica_, a native of both the Indies, is a plant greatly -admired for the beauty of its foliage and flowers, and on that account -generally cultivated; it has been called by some _Indian Shot_, from the -roundness and hardness of its seeds. - -We find it to have existed in our gardens in the time of Gerard, 1596. -Parkinson was acquainted with that variety of it which has yellow -spotted flowers: Prof. Martyn, in his edition of _Miller's Dict._ has -quoted the chief of what these authors say of it, which as a matter of -curiosity we shall here transcribe: "Gerard informs us, that in his time -it was in the garden at Padua, that he had planted it in his garden -divers times, but it never came to flowering; and that it must be set or -sown in a pot, with fine earth, or in a bed made of horse-dung, in such -manner as Cucumbers and Musk-Melons are: Parkinson says, in some kindly -years this beautiful plant has borne its brave flowers, but never any -ripe seed, and that it will not abide the extremities of our winters, -unless it meet with a stove, or hot-house, such as are used in Germany; -for neither house nor cellar will preserve it: Clusius saw it flowering -by house-sides in Spain and Portugal, and says, that the inhabitants -there use the seeds for making their rosaries." - -Mr. Aiton enumerates four varieties of it, viz. _rubra_, _lutea_, -_coccinea_, and _patens_. - -"Being a native of the warmest parts of America, it requires to be -placed in a moderate stove in winter, where they always flower in that -season, at which time they make a fine appearance, and in the summer -place them abroad in a sheltered situation with other tender exotic -plants, where they generally flower again, and produce ripe seeds -annually." _Mill. Dict._ - -"These plants will continue many years with proper management, but as -young plants always flower better than the old root, so it is scarce -worth while to continue them after they have borne good seeds, which -should be sown on a hot-bed in the spring." _Mill. Dict._ - - - - -[455] - -[Illustration: Nº. 455] - -Aloe Retusa. Cushion Aloe. - -_Class and Order._ - -Hexandria Monogynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cor._ erecta, ore patulo fundo nectarifero. _Filam._ receptaculo - inserta. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - ALOE _retusa_ acaulis foliis quinquefariis deltoideis. _Thunb. - Aloe, n. 15. Ait. Kew. 471._ - - ALOE _retusa_ floribus sessilibus triquetris bilabiatis labio - inferiore revoluto. _Linn. Sp. Pl. 459._ - - ALOE _africana_ brevissimo crassissimoque folio, flore viridi. - _Comm. hort. 2. p. 11. t. 6._ _Till. pis. 6. t. 5._ - -Though the flowers of this Aloe have little to recommend them, there is -much to admire in the form and structure of its leaves; and this -pleasing circumstance attends it, it is perfectly distinct from all the -other species: when first introduced, it was no doubt an object of great -admiration; Fairchild, the celebrated Gardener of Hoxton, who preceded -Miller, had it engraved, with several other succulents, on a plate which -is prefixed to Dr. Blair's _Botanic Essays_, and which he described to -the Doctor, betwixt whom and Mr. Fairchild there appears to have -subsisted a great degree of intimacy: the Essays were printed in 1720. - -This species is a native of the Cape, and flowers in June, but not -regularly so, increases very fast by offsets: Mr. Aiton makes it as he -does all the Aloes indiscriminately, Dry Stove Plants, but it may be -kept in a good green-house, taking care to place it in the driest and -most airy part, and to guard it at all times from much wet, but more -especially in the winter season. - - - - -[456] - -[Illustration: Nº. 456] - -Diosma Serratifolia. Serrated or Saw-Leaved Diosma. - -_Class and Order._ - -Pentandria Monogynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cor._ 5-petala. _Nectaria_ 5 supra germen. _Caps. 3. s. 5._ - coalitæ. _Sem._ calyptrata. - -_Specific Character._ - - DIOSMA _serratifolia_ follis lanceolatis glanduloso-serrulatis, - pedunculis axillaribus oppositis subunifloris. - -It was in the green-house of Mr. Whitley, Nurseryman at Old Brampton, -that we first saw this plant in flower, on the 25th of March 1799; -previous to this period it had flowered in the Royal Garden at Kew, and -specimens of it had been deposited in the Herbarium of Sir Joseph Banks, -under the name of _Diosma serratifolia_. - -It forms a neat pretty shrub, which is rendered more desirable by its -early flowering; its blossoms are pure white, set off by Antheræ of a -lively purple colour; the whole plant has a strong scent very like that -of Pennyroyal, but more powerful. - -This shrub is one of the many which have been raised within these few -years from Botany-Bay seeds, is a greenhouse plant, of easy culture, -blows freely, and is readily increased by cuttings. - -Descr. Twigs somewhat angular, reddish purple; Leaves opposite, narrow, -on very short footstalks, spreading, slightly truncated at the -extremity, finely toothed, a transparent gland in the angle of each -tooth, beset on both sides with numerous glands, which project and give -to the upper surface a manifest roughness; Flowers from the alæ of the -leaves, opposite, on peduncles about one-third of an inch long, usually -supporting one, sometimes two flowers; Calyx composed of five leaves -which are tinged with red and permanent; Corolla five petals, white, -ovato-lanceolate; Stamina filaments five, white, hairy, at first -upright, afterwards bending back betwixt the petals; Antheræ before they -open purple; Pollen yellow; Nectaries of two kinds, five white, -springing up between each filament, and which may perhaps be considered -as so many imperfect stamina, they are broader, much smoother, and about -one-third of the length of the filaments, terminating in a transparent -gland instead of an anthera; five green, forming a kind of calyx to the -germen, from the top of which they spring, they consist of five -roundish, fleshy, spreading, green leaves, edged with hairs; besides -these, there is a glandular ring at the base of the germen; Style white, -tapering, very hairy; Stigma simple; Flowers usually dropping off -without ripening the seeds. - - - - -[457] - -[Illustration: Nº. 457] - -Aloe Plicatilis. Fan Aloe. - -_Class and Order._ - -Hexandria Monogynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cor._ erecta, ore patulo, fundo nectarifero. _Filam._ receptaculo - inserta. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - ALOE _plicatilis_ subacaulis, foliis linguæformibus lævibus - distichis, floribus racemosis pendulis cylindricis. _Ait. Kew. v. - 1. p. 470._ - - ALOE _disticha_ var. [Greek: e]. _Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p. 459._ - - ALOE _plicatilis_ foliis ensiformibus inermis ancipitibus, floribus - laxe spicatis, caule fruticoso. _Mill. Dict. ed. 6. 4to._ - - ALOE africana arborescens montana non spinosa, folio longissimo - plicatili, flore rubro. _Comm. Hort. 2. p. 5. t. 3._ - -"The Fan Aloe grows to the height of six or seven feet, with a strong -stem, towards the upper part of which are produced two, three, or four -heads, composed of long, compressed, pliable leaves, of a sea-green -colour, and ending obtusely; these are placed in a double row, lying -over each other, with their edges the same way; the flowers are produced -in short loose spikes, are of a red colour, and appear at different -times of the year." _Mill. Dict._ - -Linnæus originally made this plant a variety of his _Aloe disticha_, the -leaves in their mode of growth are indeed truly distichous, few plants -afford a better example of such, but they differ materially from those -of the real _disticha_ both in form and colour: Mr. Miller, with great -propriety, made a distinct species of it, by the name of _plicatilis_, -or _Fan Aloe_, which Mr. Aiton has continued; and by the name of _Fan -Aloe_ it is very generally known: we may remark, however, that though -this term may be justified by the form into which the leaves expand, the -_folium plicatile_ of Linnæus is a very different kind of a leaf. - -Both the foliage and flowers of this plant are very handsome, in the -course of many years it grows to a great size; in the Chelsea Garden -there are some fine plants of it, which grew there in the time of -Miller, by whom it was cultivated in 1731. - -It is native of Africa, requires the same treatment as the other Aloes, -and is propagated by dividing and planting its heads. - - - - -[458] - -[Illustration: Nº. 458] - -Aristea Cyanea. Grass-Leaved Aristea. - -_Class and Order._ - -Triandria Monogynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Petala 6._ _Stylus_ declinatus. _Stigma_ infundibuliforme hians. - _Caps._ infera polysperma. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - ARISTEA _cyanea_. _Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 67._ - - IXIA _africana_ floribus capitatis, spathis laceris. _Linn. Sp. Pl. - ed. 3. p. 51._ - - MORÆA _africana_ floribus capitatis spathis laceris. _Murr. Syst. - Vegetab. ed. 14. p. 93._ - - IXIA foliis ad radicem nervosis gramineis, floribus ac fructu - convolutis. _Burm. Afric. 191. t. 70. f. 2._ - - BERMUDIANA capensis, capitulis lanuginosis. _Pet. sicc. 242._ - - GRAMEN eriophorum africanum flore lanato. _Pluk. Mant. 98._ - -It will be seen, on consulting the synonyms, that this native of the -Cape, though introduced to the Kew Garden by Mr. Masson in 1774, was -long before known to a considerable number of Botanists, and it is -curious to see the different opinions which they entertained of it; we -abide by that of Mr. Aiton, who has called it _Aristea_, from the -bearded appearance, we apprehend, of the Spathæ. - -It is a small fibrous-rooted plant, rarely exceeding when in bloom the -height of six or eight inches, and would be too insignificant for a -green-house collection, were not its flowers of a very brilliant blue -colour; indeed Miller, who appears evidently to have cultivated it, -says, the flowers make little appearance, and so the plant is only kept -for the sake of variety. _Dict. 4to. ed. 6. Ixia africana._ - -Mr. Aiton tells us, that it flowers from April to June, yet Mr. Andrews, -intent on giving to Messrs. Lee and Kennedy the credit of flowering it -first, disregards this information, and is pleased to conjecture that -the plant never flowered at Kew, because Mr. Aiton, as he alleges, has -not given to it any specific character; not aware that, as a new genus, -its parts of fructification are described at the end of the _Hort. Kew._ -and that no specific character is ever given to a plant, where there is -only one of a genus, and that for the most obvious reason. - -The _Aristea_ is a plant easily propagated by parting its roots, as well -as by seeds, will succeed in a small pot, and though a green-house -plant, will not be hurt by the moderate heat of the stove, but flower -the better for it. - -The blossoms do not expand fully unless the sun shines hot on them. - - - - -[459] - -[Illustration: Nº. 459] - -Convolvulus Cneorum. Silvery-Leaved Bind-Weed. - -_Class and Order._ - -Pentandria Monogynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cor._ campanulata, plicata. _Stigmata 2._ _Caps._ 2-locularis - loculis dispermis. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - CONVOLVULUS _Cneorum_ foliis lanceolatis tomentosis, floribus - umbellatis, calycibus hirsutis, caule erecto. _Linn. Syst. Veg. - 203._ _Ait. Kew. vol. 1. p. 213._ - - CONVOLVULUS argenteus umbellatus erectus. _Tournef. Inst. 84._ - - CONVOLVULUS major erectus creticus argenteus. _Moris. Hist. 2. p. - 11 s. 1. t. 3. f. 1._ - - CONVOLVULUS saxatilis erectus villosus perennis. _Barr. rar. 4. t. - 470._ _Bocc. Mus. 2. p. 79. t. 70._ - - CNEORUM album folio argenteo molli. _Bauh. Pin. 463._ - -The _Convolvulus Cneorum_ is a native of Spain and the Levant, was -cultivated in the Botanic Garden at Chelsea in 1739, and flowers from -May to September. _Ait. Kew._ - -In size, habit, &c. this species has some affinity to the _Convolvulis -linearis_, figured pl. 289, but differs from it, and other species -usually cultivated with us, in the silky appearance of its foliage, -which it is not in the artist's power to imitate, and for the beauty of -which, more than that of its flowers, it is very generally kept in -collections of green-house plants; its blossoms are nearly white and -rarely or never productive of seeds in this country, hence it is -increased by cuttings. - -It is a hardy green-house plant, requiring a dry rather than a moist -regimen. - - - - -[460] - -[Illustration: Nº. 460] - -Maurandya Semperflorens. Climbing Maurandya, or Bastard Foxglove. - -_Class and Order._ - -Didynamia Angiospermia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Caps._ bilocularis, truncata, bisulca, apice inæqualiter - dehiscens. _Cor._ ringens, tubulosa campanulata, ventricosa, - bisulcato-plicata. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - MAURANDYA _semperflorens_ caule fruticoso scandente, foliis - hastatis nervosis. _C. G. Orteg. Nov. Pol. Dec. 2. p. 21._ - - USTERIA. _Cavanill. Icon. vol. 2. p. 5. num. 126. t. 116._ - -The plant whose elegant form is here so happily delineated by the -masterly pencil of Mr. Edwards, according to Dr. Ortega, is an -inhabitant of Mexico, where its seeds originally were collected by Dr. -Martin Sesse, and sent to the royal garden at Madrid, in which the plant -produced flowers and seeds in abundance; from thence seeds were obtained -by the Marchioness of Bute, about the year 1786, who most kindly -communicated them to different persons in the neighbourhood of London, -and among others to my most generous benefactor, James Vere, Esq. in -whose collection at his villa, Kensington-Gore, by the careful -management of his Gardener, William Anderson, it was first brought to -flower in this country, anno 1797. - -Mons. Cavanille, who resides at Madrid, where he seizes every -opportunity of publishing whatever new plants appear there, has figured -and described the present one, under the name of _Usteria_, not aware -that Wildenou had previously bestowed that name on a different plant; -for this and other reasons[6], Dr. Ortega, in a new work of his above -referred to, has changed the term _Usteria_ to that of _Maurandya_; and, -though we cannot cordially coincide with the Doctor in the propriety -either of his generic or trivial name, we have adopted them. - -This climber rises with a shrubby stalk to the height of many feet, is -very prolific in branches, and produces flowers abundantly from July to -September, which are succeeded by ripe seed-vessels and seeds.--As the -plant is easily propagated by cuttings, as well as by seeds, it will -soon become common to our greenhouses, though it is rather better suited -to the conservatory; if its blossoms, which have a great affinity to -those of the Foxglove, had more colour in them, the plant would be more -desirable: at some future period such may probably be obtained from -seeds. - -FOOTNOTE: - -[6] Observ. Quandoquidem Usteriæ nomen huic Generi à clar. Cavanilles, -qui primus id descripsit, impositum permanere non potest ut pote antea -ab illust. Wildenou alii Generi inditum; propterea illud D. Catharinæ -Pancratiæ Maurandy, lectissimæ feminæ, D. Augustini Juan, Reg. Botanic. -Horti Carthaginensis Professoris uxori, et Botanicorum laborum sociæ, -nuncupandum duxi; oblataque opportunitate usus plantam denuo recognovi, -et tum Characterem genericum, tum etiam descriptionem specificam ad -incudem revocans reformavi. - - - - -[461] - -[Illustration: Nº. 461] - -Jasminum Fruticans. Yellow Jasmine. - -_Class and Order._ - -Diandria Monogynia. - -_Generic Character._ - -_Cor._ 5-fida. _Bacca_ dicocca. _Sem._ arillata. _Antheræ_ intra tubum. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - JASMINUM _fruticans_ foliis alternis ternatis simplicibusque ramis - angulatis. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 56._ - - JASMINUM _fruticans_ foliis alternis ternatis foliolis obovatis - cuneiformibusque obtusis ramis angulatis laciniis calycinis - subulatis. _Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 9._ - - JASMINUM _luteum_, vulgo dictum bacciferum. _Bauh. Pin. 298._ - - POLEMONIUM sieu Trifolium fruticans. Shrubby Trefoil. _Ger. Herb. - p. 1129. f._ - -The Yellow Jasmine is often planted against walls, pales, &c. as the -branches are weak and slender and it will grow to be ten or twelve feet -high if thus supported; it may however be planted in shrubbery quarters, -to which it is better suited than the White Jasmine. The young shoots -are of a fine strong green colour, angular, and a little hairy. The -leaves are trifoliate, though sometimes they grow singly. They are -placed alternately on the branches, are of a thick consistence, smooth, -and of a fine deep green colour. These leaves in well-sheltered places -remain until the spring before they fall off, so that this plant may not -improperly be planted among the Evergreens, especially as the young -shoots are always of a strong green. The flowers are yellow, and do not -possess the fragrance of the common Jasmine. They are produced chiefly -in June, and the blow is soon over. They are succeeded by berries, -which when ripe are black, whence its name of Berry-bearing Jasmine. -Although this shrub possesses a certain stiffness, which gives it -somewhat the appearance of an artificial flower, yet the fine yellow -colour of its blossoms contrasts so well with the rich green of the -foliage, that in the flower-pot or bouquet it never fails to have a -conspicuous and pleasing effect. - -Is a native of the South of Europe and the Levant, was cultivated by Mr. -John Gerard, in 1597, and flowers from May to October. _Ait. Kew._ - -Is easily propagated by suckers or layers; as the flowers have no scent, -is not so much cultivated as formerly. _Miller's Dict._ - - - - -[462] - -[Illustration: Nº. 462] - -Anthemis Pyrethrum. Pellitory of Spain. - -_Class and Order._ - -Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Recept._ paleaceum. _Pappus_ nullus. _Cal._ hemisphæricus, - subæqualis. _Flosculi_ radii plures quam 5. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - ANTHEMIS _Pyrethrum_ caulibus simplicibus unifloris decumbentibus - foliis pinnato multifidis. _Linn. Syst. Veget. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. - 776._ _Woodville's Medical Botany, p. 286._ - - CHAMÆMELUM specioso flore, radice longa fervida. _Shaw. Afr. 138._ - - PYRETHRUM flore bellidis. _Bauh. Pin. 148._ - -The Pellitory of Spain is more celebrated as an useful than an -ornamental plant, the root which is of a very hot and biting nature -being a common application for the cure of the tooth-ach; but, divested -of its utility as a medicinal plant, it merits a place in collections on -account of the beauty both of its foliage and flowers, the latter are -more handsome when in bud than when fully expanded, the underside of the -florets being of a fine purple colour, the upper pure white; it is -moreover a very rare plant in this country, notwithstanding it was -cultivated here so long since as 1570: Parkinson evidently grew it, as -he observes that the roots of the cultivated plant, were much larger -than those of the wild one; he tells us also, that it was too tender to -endure our winters: to the latter cause, as well as to the difficulty of -propagating it, for it does not ripen its seeds in this country, we may -attribute its present scarcity: Mr. Miller raised this plant in 1732, in -a very curious way, from seeds picked out from among raisins. - -In its place of growth it is not confined to Spain, but is found in the -Levant, Syria, Arabia, and elsewhere; flowers with us from May to July, -and may be increased by cuttings of the roots, a mode of propagating by -which we sometimes happily succeed with rare and valuable plants when -all others fail. - -It is a plant not very nice as to the quality of the soil in which it -grows, but must have a warm dry situation, will succeed very well in a -pot, or it may be planted in the open border; but especial care must be -taken to secure it against frost in the winter. - - - - -[463] - -[Illustration: Nº. 463] - -Epidendrum Ciliare. Fringed Epidendrum. - -_Class and Order._ - -Gynandria Diandria. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cor._ 6-petala. _Nectarium_ turbinatum, obliquum reflexum. _Caps._ - infera 1-locularis, 3-valvis, fenestrata. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - EPIDENDRUM _ciliare_ foliis oblongis aveniis, nectarii labio - tripartito ciliato: intermedia lineari, cauli bifolio. _Linn. Syst. - Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 818._ _Jacq. Amer. pict. p. 110. t. - 209._ - -Of this parasitical tribe the number of species described in the third -edition of the _Sp. Pl. Linn. 1764_, amounts to thirty; in Gmelin's -thirteenth edition of the _Syst. Nat. Linn. 1791_, no less than -seventy-five are enumerated, which is a vast accession in so short a -period; most of these are natives of hot climates, and on that account -require a stove heat in this country; from their nature also they -require a situation not to be exactly imitated, they are therefore to be -regarded as plants very difficult of culture, and we are not to be -surprised that three species only are enumerated in the _Hort. -Kew._--but, since the publication of that work, many others have been -added to the royal collection, and this among the rest. - -The rare and singular species here represented, a native of the warmer -parts of America, and the West-Indies, flowered with Mr. Whitley, -Nurseryman, Old-Brompton, in Feb. 1799, and at irregular periods before -that time; he informs me that it is not constant as to the time of its -blowing, and that though the plant flowers with him, it never assumes a -fine healthy green appearance, he propagates it by dividing its limbs or -branches, which often put forth small roots; the plant grows in a pot, -in a mixture of loam and peat or bog-earth, and is kept constantly -plunged in the tan-pit of the stove. - - - - -[464] - -[Illustration: Nº. 464] - -Sisyrinchium Gramineum. Grass-Leaved Sisyrinchium. - -_Class and Order._ - -Gynandria Triandria. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Spatha_ 2-phylla. _Petala_ 6-plana. _Caps._ 3-locularis infera - 3-valvis. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - SISYRINCHIUM _gramineum_ caule ancipiti lato, germinibus glabris. - - SISYRINCHIUM _angustifolium_ foliis lineari-gladiolatis, pedunculis - longioribus. _Mill. Dict._ - - SISYRINCHIUM _cæruleum_ parvum, gladiato caule, virginianum. _Pluk. - alm. 348. t. 61. f. 1._ - - BERMUDIANA graminea, flore minore cæruleo. _Dill. Elth. 49. t. 41. - f. 49._ - - GLADIOLUS cæruleus hexapetalus caule etiam gladiato. _Banist. virg. - 1926._ - -In a former Number of this Work, we gave a figure of the large variety -of _Sisyrinch. Bermud._ of _Linn._ regarding it as a distinct species, -and naming it _iridioides_, conformably to Dillenius's specific -description; we regret now that we did not continue to it the name of -_Bermudiana_ (it being the true Bermudas plant) and which cannot with -propriety be applied to the present species, a native of Virginia, far -more diminutive, with flowers much smaller, of a paler blue colour, a -much hardier plant also, and of more ready growth; it is indeed a truly -hardy perennial, adapted to the open border, in which it will grow -readily, and produce abundance of flowering stems in June and July; the -flowers expand to the sun, and are followed by numerous seed-vessels -which ripen their seeds, by which the plant may be increased, or by -parting its roots in the autumn. Its stalk affords an excellent example -of the _caulis anceps_. We readily embrace the opportunity here afforded -us of correcting an error in regard to the hardiness of the _Sisyrinch. -iridioides_, which we were led into partly by Miller's account, and -partly from observing the plant to survive a mild winter in the open -ground; we have since found that it is a tender plant, and to be ranked -with those of the greenhouse; an additional proof of its being a -distinct species from the one here figured, which has long[7] been -cultivated in our gardens. - -FOOTNOTE: - -[7] By Mr. Jacob Bobart, in 1693. _Ait. Kew._ - - - - -[465] - -[Illustration: Nº. 465] - -Indigofera Angustifolia. Narrow-Leaved Indigo. - -_Class and Order._ - -Diadelphia Decandria. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cal._ patens. _Cor._ carina, utrinque calcari subulato patulo. - _Legumen_ lineare. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - INDIGOFERA _angustifolia_ foliis pinnatis linearibus, racemis - elongatis, caule fruticoso. _Linn. Syst. Veget. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. - 678._ _Mant. 272._ _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 69._ - -This small, delicate, and rather elegant species of Indigo, to be found -in most collections of greenhouse plants near town, rises with an -upright, shrubby stem, to the height of several feet; its leaves, of a -lively green colour, are furnished with pinnæ, which are numerous and -unusually narrow, whence its name; its flowers, produced on long racemi -springing from the sides of the stem or branches, are of a singular dull -red colour, and rarely followed by seeds with us. - -It is a native of the Cape[8], from whence it was introduced by Mr. -Masson, in 1774; flowers from June to October, and is usually increased -by cuttings. - -There is a description of this species in the _Mantiss. Pl. Linn._ but -we know of no figure of it that has yet been published. - -FOOTNOTE: - -[8] _Ait. Kew._ - - - - -[466] - -[Illustration: Nº. 466] - -Calycanthus Præcox. Japan All-Spice. - -_Class and Order._ - -Icosandria Polygynia. - -_Generic Character._ - - _Cal._ 1-phyllus, urceolatus, squarrosus: foliolis coloratis. - _Cor._ calycina. _Styli_ plurimi, stigmati glanduloso. _Sem._ - plurima, caudata, intra calycem succulentum. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - CALYCANTHUS _præcox_ petalis interioribus minutis. _Linn. Sp. Pl. - ed. 3. p. 718._ _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 220. tab. x._ - - OBAI _s. Robai_. Jasminum flore pleno suavi foetido, fructu - turbinato, semine phascoli. _Kæmpf. Amæn. exot. p. 878._ - -The learned and instructive Kæmpfer in his _Amæn. Exot._ that vast fund -of most useful information, gives a figure of this plant, in which it is -represented both with flowers and seed-vessels, accompanied with a -description and short account of it; from which we learn that it is -cultivated in Japan as an ornamental plant, that the flowers are -produced in February, before the leaves, that they have the scent of the -violet, but become unpleasant on being long smelt to. - -Hearing that Lord Coventry was the first who possessed this plant in -England, I took the liberty of writing to his Lordship in January 1799, -to request some information on this point, as well as some others -relative to its culture, &c. On the 13th of the same month, his Lordship -had the goodness to send me a beautiful specimen of the plant in bloom, -a seedling plant one year old, together with a seed-vessel of the year -1798, and some seeds; in the Earl's letter is the following -passage:--"the beauty of the _Calycanthus præcox_ at this moment -surpasses all description, it is covered with blossoms from top to -bottom, and the fragrance of it may be perceived at the distance of -fifty yards from the conservatory." - -By his Lordship's direction, I received at the same time from his -Gardener, Mr. William Dean, the following information, in answer to my -queries:--"My Lord received the plant from China in 1766:--it was -planted in a conservatory, is now sixteen feet high, and expands ten -feet wide:--bears a succession of flowers from September to March:--the -time of its first blowing I cannot precisely ascertain, but believe it -to be nearly twenty years back:--it is propagated by layers, cuttings, -and seeds, the latter it produces most years at Croome, but I believe at -no other place in England:--there are plants of it at Croome six feet -high, in a warm situation in the open border, which have stood out -several years by being covered with a single mat in severe weather." - -Not expecting to receive a plant from Lord Coventry in bloom, our -drawing was made from one which flowered with Mr. Whitley, Nurseryman, -Old-Brompton, December 22, 1798, and which came originally from Croome, -his Lordship having presented most of the Nurserymen about town with -plants of it; the blossoms of that from Croome were somewhat larger than -those here represented, and the petals were less striped, indeed almost -wholly tinged with purple, the leaves also proceeded more from the -summit of the stalks and were of a much greener hue, owing no doubt to -its being kept in the conservatory, while Mr. Whitley's plant was tacked -to the outside of the bottom of the greenhouse. - -In the number of its stamina, which is rarely more than five, it does -not accord with the character of the class icosandria, nor do the seeds -agree with the generic character as described by Linnæus. - - - - -[467] - -[Illustration: Nº. 467] - -Dracocephalum Virginianum. Virginian Dragon's-Head. - -_Class and Order._ - -Didynamia Gymnospermia. - -_Generic Character._ - -_Cor._ faux inflata: labium superius fornicatum. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - DRACOCEPHALUM _virginianum_ foliis lineari-lanceolatis serratis, - floribus confertis. _Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 13. Gmel. p. 915._ - - DRACOCEPHALUM _virginianum_ floribus spicatis, foliis lanceolatis - serratis. _Linn. Syst. Veg. ed. 14. Murr. p. 543._ - - DRACOCEPHALUM _virginianum_ floribus spicatis confertis, foliis - lineari-lanceolatis serratis. _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 317._ - -This elegant species of _Dracocephalum_, a native of Virginia, and other -parts of North-America, is a hardy herbaceous plant, rising to the -height of about two feet, and producing numerous flowers in long spikes, -usually arranged on each side of the stalk. - -It comes near to the _denticulatum_ already figured, but differs in its -superior height, the form of its leaves, the number of its flowers, and -many other particulars. - -It flowers from July to September, and with me has generally ripened -much of its seed, from which it may be easily raised, as also by parting -of its roots in spring or autumn; it succeeds best in a moist situation, -and its stalks require to be carefully and timely sticked. - -Was cultivated as long since as 1683, by Mr. James Sutherland. - - - - -[468] - -[Illustration: Nº. 468] - -Oenothera Tetraptera. White-Flowered Oenothera. - -_Class and Order._ - -Octandria Monogynia. - -_Generic Character._ - -_Cal._ 4-fidus. _Petala 4._ _Caps._ cylindrica infera. _Sem._ nuda. - -_Specific Character and Synonyms._ - - OENOTHERA _tetraptera_ foliis lanceolatis, basi - pinnatifido-dentatis, capsulis pedicellatis obovatis quadrialatis. - _Linn. Sp. Pl. edit. Wildenou._ - - OENOTHERA foliis alternis subpinnatis crispis, flore mutabili - fructû tetraptero. _Cavanill. Icon. t. 3. p. 40. tab. 279._ - -Of this genus we have already figured six different species; this is -another newly discovered one, which, like most of its kind, displays its -beauties chiefly in the night. It is the only one, as far as we yet -know, that has white blossoms; these, when first expanded, are -beautifully so, but in the morning they change to a purple colour, fade, -and their place is supplied by a fresh succession. In this remarkable -change of colour, it bears some affinity to the _Oenothera anomala_, -which may be considered as strengthening our opinion that the latter -plant belongs to this genus rather than to that of _Gaura_. The -_Oenothera tetraptera_ is a native of Mexico, its duration as yet not -certainly ascertained, but may be treated as a tender annual; and such -plants as do not flower the first year, may be preserved under glasses -through the winter. It was raised from seeds sent by Mr. Donn, from -Cambridge; but was probably first introduced into this country from -seeds sent to the Marchioness of Bute, by Prof. Ortega, of Madrid. - - - - -INDEX. - - In which the Latin Names of the Plants contained in the _Thirteenth - Volume_ are alphabetically arranged. - - _Pl._ - 457 Alöe plicatilis. - 455 Alöe retusa. - 453 Amaryllis Reginæ. - 462 Anthemis Pyrethrum. - 441 Antholyza Merianella. - 458 Aristea cyanea. - 433 Azalea pontica. - 451 Blakea trinervia. - 466 Calycanthus præcox. - 444 Canarina Campanula. - 454 Canna indica. - 452 Cardamine trifolia. - 459 Convolvulus Cneorum. - 445 Coronilla Emerus. - 449 Dillenia speciosa. - 456 Diosma serratifolia. - 467 Dracocephalum virginianum. - 463 Epidendrum ciliare. - 440 Erica albens. - 447 Erica empetrifolia. - 443 Erica physodes. - 442 Genista linifolia. - 450 Gladiolus Watsonius. - 435 Gnaphalium ericoides. - 436 Hibiscus præmorsus. - 437 Hydrangea Arborescens. - 438 Hydrangea Hortensis. - 461 Jasminum fruticans. - 439 Illicium floridanum. - 465 Indigofera angustifolia. - 460 Maurandya semperflorens. - 448 Mesembryanthemum micans. - 468 Oenothera tetraptera. - 434 Oxybaphus viscosus. - 446 Psoralea bracteata. - 464 Sisyrinchium gramineum. - - - - -INDEX. - - In which the English Names of the Plants contained in the - _Thirteenth Volume_ are alphabetically arranged. - - _Pl._ - 466 Allspice, Japan. - 455 Aloe, cushion. - 457 Aloe, fan. - 441 Antholyza, dwarf. - 458 Aristea, grass-leaved. - 433 Azalea, yellow. - 444 Bell-flower, canary. - 459 Bindweed, silvery-leaved. - 451 Blakea, three-ribbed. - 442 Broom, flax-leaved. - 450 Corn-Flag, Watson's. - 452 Cuckow-Flower, three-leav'd. - 449 Dillenia, shewy. - 456 Diosma, serrated or saw-leaved. - 467 Dragon's Head, virginian. - 463 Epidendrum, fringed. - 448 Fig-Marygold, glittering. - 435 Gnaphalium or Everlasting, heath-leaved. - 447 Heath, crowberry-leaved. - 443 Heath, sticky-flowered. - 440 Heath, pallid. - 436 Hibiscus, bitten-leaved. - 438 Hydrangea, garden. - 437 Hydrangea, shrubby. - 461 Jasmine, yellow. - 439 Illicium, red-flowered or Aniseed tree. - 454 Indian Reed or Shot, common. - 465 Indigo, narrow-leaved. - 453 Lily, Mexican. - 460 Maurandya or Bastard Foxglove, climbing. - 468 Oenothera, white-flowered. - 462 Pellitory of Spain. - 446 Psoralea, oval-spiked. - 445 Senna, scorpion. - 464 Sisyrinchium, grass-leaved. - 434 Umbrella Wort, viscid. - -_London_: Printed by STEPHEN COUCHMAN, Throgmorton-Street. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 13, by -William Curtis and John Sims - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE, VOL. 13 *** - -***** This file should be named 43858-8.txt or 43858-8.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/3/8/5/43858/ - -Produced by Marc-André Seekamp, Jason Isbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file made using scans of public domain works at the -University of Georgia.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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