diff options
Diffstat (limited to '43858-0.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | 43858-0.txt | 2176 |
1 files changed, 2176 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/43858-0.txt b/43858-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6db1cc9 --- /dev/null +++ b/43858-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2176 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43858 *** + + THE + Botanical Magazine; + OR, + Flower-Garden Displayed: + +IN WHICH + + The most Ornamental Foreign Plants, cultivated in the + Open Ground, the Green-House, and the Stove, are + accurately represented in their natural Colours. + +TO WHICH ARE ADDED, + + Their Names, Class, Order, Generic and Specific Characters, according + to the celebrated Linnæus; their Places of Growth, + and Times of Flowering: + + TOGETHER WITH THE MOST APPROVED METHODS OF CULTURE. + +A WORK + + Intended for the Use of such Ladies, Gentlemen, and Gardeners, as + wish to become scientifically acquainted with the Plants they + cultivate. + +By _WILLIAM CURTIS_, +Author of the Flora Londinensis. + +VOL. XIII. + + "---- All alone, amid her Garden fair, + "From morn to noon, from noon to dewy eve, + "She spent her days, her pleasing task to tend + "The flowers; to lave them from the water-spring; + "To ope the buds with her enamoured breath, + "Rank the gay tribes, and rear them in the sun. ---- ---- + "Thus plied assiduous her delightful task, + "Day after day, till every herb she named + "That paints the robe of Spring." + Bruce. + +_LONDON_: + +Printed by Stephen Couchman, Throgmorton-Street, +For W. CURTIS, Nº 3, _St. George's-Crescent_, Black-Friars-Road; +And Sold by the principal Booksellers in Great-Britain and Ireland. + +M DCC XCIX. + + + + +[433] + +[Illustration: Nº. 433] + +Azalea Pontica. Yellow Azalea. + +_Class and Order._ + +Pentandria Monogynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cor._ campanulata. _Stamina_ receptaculo inserta. _Caps._ 2-5 + locularis polysperma. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + AZALEA _pontica_ foliis nitidis lanceolatis, utrinque glabris, + racemis terminalibus. _Linn. Sp. Pl. App. p. 1669._ _Pall. Fl. + Ross. t. 69. p. 51._ + + CHAMÆRHODENDROS Pontica maxima Mespili folio flore luteo. _Tourn. + Cor. Hist. Rei. Herb. 42._ _Act. Paris 1704. p. 348._ _Buxb. Cent. + 5. p. 36. t. 69._ + +Descr. Shrub from two to three feet or more in height, the thickest part +of the stem not exceeding the size of the little finger, covered with a +smooth brown bark, irregularly branched; Flowers appearing before the +leaves are fully expanded, and produced in umbels at the extremities of +the branches, from eight to twelve or more in an umbel, of a fine yellow +colour and agreeable fragrance; each blossom is about the size of that +of the horse-chestnut, and as some of them are produced much earlier +than others, the plant of course continues a considerable time in bloom, +standing on short peduncles; Calyx very short, viscous, and irregularly +divided, most commonly into five ovato-lanceolate segments; Corolla, +tube cylindrical, viscous, grooved, brim divided into five segments, +undulated and somewhat wrinkled, ovate, pointed, three turning upwards, +two downwards, of the three uppermost segments the middle one more +intensely yellow than the others and inclining to orange, with which it +is sometimes spotted; Stamina usually five, yellow, projecting beyond +the corolla, and turning upwards near their extremities; Antheræ +orange-coloured; Pollen whitish and thready; Germen somewhat conical, +evidently hairy, and somewhat angular; Style yellowish, filiform, +projecting beyond the stamina, and turning upwards; Stigma forming a +round green head. + +The figure and description here given were taken from a plant which +flowered by means of artificial heat, in the spring of 1798, at Mr. +Watson's, Nurseryman, Islington, and which had been introduced the same +year, by Mr. Anthony Hove, of Warsaw. + +As an hardy ornamental shrub, it bids fair to prove an acquisition truly +valuable, its flowers produced in the months of June and July, being +highly ornamental as well as fragrant. + +We have the best authority for regarding this plant as the +_Chamærhodendros Pontica_ of Tournefort, it agrees with his own +specimens in Sir Joseph Banks's Herbarium, it accords also with his +description, and figures, more especially of those flowers which are of +their natural size; nor have we any doubts of its being the _Azalea +Pontica_ of Prof. Pallas, figured in the _Flor. Rossica_, since it +corresponds generally with his description, though not in all points +with his figure, which bears evident marks of inaccuracy, the stigma, +for instance, is represented as trifid. + +Tournefort found this plant on the eastern side of the Black Sea, Mr. +Hove on the north side near Oczakow, and elsewhere; Professor Pallas on +Mount Caucasus. + +As yet there has been no opportunity of ascertaining the best means of +propagating this new denizen, but there is every reason to suppose that +it will succeed with the treatment bestowed on the other _Azalea's_. + +Prof. Pallas relates that the honey of bees frequenting the flowers of +this plant is supposed to be narcotic, and that goats, kine, and sheep +on eating its leaves have been poisoned thereby. + +By permission and with the approbation of Mr. Anthony Hove, the +following extracts from his journal are here inserted. + +"June 9, 1796, found a few of this species of _Azalea_ on the river +Dnieper in swampy ground, four feet high, beginning to blow, called here +the stupifying shrub, and considered by some as highly efficacious in +curing the venereal disease. + +"June 20, found this species on the river Dniester, on the estate of +Count Stanislaus Sczesny Potocki, about sixteen English miles from the +town of Mohilow, in peat earth, from four to twenty feet high; regarded +by the common people as intoxicating, and used in the cure of various +diseases. + +"July 4, near Oczakow, found thousands of these plants fully blown, in a +marsh, every spring-tide overflown by the sea; found there also, a +Tartarian farmer, who lived entirely by the profits arising from the +honey which the bees extracted from the flowers of this plant, sold to +Constantinople and other parts of Turkey for medicinal uses. + +"July 15, arrived at Trebizond, found a valley about ten English miles +from the sea covered with these plants." + +On cultivation, Mr. Hove relates that he found the _Azalea's_ from +Trebizond much more tender than those from the borders of the Dnieper +and the Dniester, and was therefore inclined to regard them as strong +varieties if not distinct species. + +The leaves, when fully expanded, are in size and figure like those on +the plate, hairy on both sides, and terminating in a very remarkable +blunt mucro or point, which has not been noticed either by those who +have described or figured the plant as it deserves, for it appears to +form a very strong character. + + + + +[434] + +[Illustration: Nº. 434] + +Oxybaphus Viscosus. Viscid Umbrella-Wort. + +_Class and Order._ + +Triandria Monogynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cal._ 5-fidus campanulatus. _Cor._ infundibuliformis. _Nux_ 5-gona + 1-sperma calyce explanato persistenti circumdata. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + OXYBAPHUS _viscosus_. _L'Herit. Monograph._ + + MIRABILIS _viscosa_ floribus racemosis; foliis cordatis + orbiculato-acutis tomentosis. _Cav. Icon. I. n. 17. t. 19._ + +The present is one of those plants which is entitled to our admiration, +for its curious and singular structure, rather than for any +extraordinary figure it makes in a collection; not that its flowers are +without a certain share of beauty. + +It is an annual, growing to about the height of two feet; the whole +plant is viscous, and, if bruised, smells somewhat disagreeably; the +flowers do not open at any particular time as those of the _Mirabilis_ +do, and each contains only three stamina; when they fall off, which they +do soon after expanding, the calyx closes on the germen, enlarges, +droops, and becomes deeply plaited; on the ripening of the seed it turns +brown, expands, and is suspended like a little umbrella over the seed, +which when perfectly ripe drops out on the ground; the expanded calyx in +this state appears somewhat like the flower of a Physalis. + +This plant flowers from June to October, and ripens its seeds in the +open air; it is not difficult of culture, requires the same treatment as +other tender annuals from Peru. + +Our figure was drawn from a plant which flowered 1796, in the collection +of the Marchioness of Bute, and was raised from Peruvian seeds, sent her +by Prof. Ortega of Madrid, under the name of _Mirabilis triandra_; Mons. +Cavanille has figured and described it as the _Mirabilis viscosa_; Mons. +L'Heritier, from a consideration of all its characters, has been induced +to make a new genus of it, which he has called _Oxybaphus_. + + + + +[435] + +[Illustration: Nº. 435] + +Gnaphalium Ericoides. Heath-Leaved Gnaphalium, or Everlasting. + +_Class and Order._ + +Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Recept._ nudum. _Pappus_ plumosus. _Cal._ imbricatus: squamis + marginalibus rotundatis scariosis coloratis. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + GNAPHALIUM _ericoides_ fruticosum foliis sessilibus linearibus, + calycibus exterioribus rudibus, interioribus incarnatis. _Linn. Am. + Acad. v. 6. p. 99._ _Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 746._ _Ait. + Hort. Kew. p. 174._ + +In the 6th vol. of the _Amoenitates Academicæ_, Linnæus describes this +species of _Gnaphalium_, most probably from dried specimens collected at +the Cape, where it is a native; so insignificant did the plant appear to +him, that in his description, he calls it _misera_; compared with the +more magnificent species, such a term might not perhaps be inapplicable: +but, though small, the plant possesses much beauty when cultivated, and +hence is generally kept in our green-houses. + +It flowers from March to August. + +Its branches, naturally weak and trailing, require to be carefully tied +up; if this business be executed with taste and judgment, the natural +beauty of the plant may be considerably heightened. + +It is readily increased by cuttings. + +Was introduced to the royal garden at Kew, by Mr. Masson, in 1774. + + + + +[436] + +[Illustration: Nº. 436] + +Hibiscus Præmorsus. Bitten-Leaved Hibiscus. + +_Class and Order._ + +Monadelphia Polyandria. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cal._ duplex: exterior polyphyllus. _Caps._ 5-locularis, + polysperma. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + HIBISCUS _præmorsus_ foliis subrotundis, dentato-serratis retusis + pubescentibus. _Ait. Kew. v. 2. 454._ + + HIBISCUS _præmorsus_ hirsutus, foliis ovatis basi + angustato-cordatis apice præmorsis crenatis, calycibus tomentosis, + seminibus tuberculatis. _Linn. Suppl. Pl. p. 309._ + + PAVONIA _cuneifolia_. _Cavan. Diff. 3. p. 139. t. 45. f. 1._ + + URENA _præmorsa_. _L'Herit. Stirp. nov. t. 51._ + +Though not so shewy a plant as many of the genus, we find this species +of _Hibiscus_ in most collections of green-house plants about London, +flowering from June to September. + +Its foliage is singular, its blossoms sulphur coloured with a tint of +orange on the under side and without scent; if suffered to grow, this +shrub will acquire a considerable height; it seeds freely, by which the +plant is readily increased, and by these it requires to be renewed once +in two or three years. + +Is a native of the Cape, from whence it was introduced, by Mr. Masson, +in 1774. _Ait. Kew._ + +It will be seen by the synonyms, that authors have been divided in their +opinions as to the genus of this plant; Linnæus the younger, in his +_Suppl._ makes it an _Hibiscus_; Cavanille, a _Pavonia_; L'Heritier, an +_Urena_; Mr. Aiton, an _Hibiscus_; not partial to the multiplying of +genera, unless there be an obvious necessity for it, we have in the +present instance followed the first and last of these writers. + + + + +[437] + +[Illustration: Nº. 437] + +Hydrangea Arborescens. Shrubby Hydrangea. + +_Class and Order._ + +Decandria Digynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Caps._ 2-locularis, 2-rostris, infera, foramine inter stylos + dehiscens. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + HYDRANGEA _arborescens_ caule arboreo. _Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 13._ + _Gmel. Syst. Veget. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 410._ _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. + 76._ + + ANONYMOS floribus albis parvis, in umbella lata magna dispositis + odoratis, foliis amplis acuminatis serratis pediculis insidentibus + ex adverso binis, caule fruticoso præalto non ramoso, vasculo + parvo, bicapsulari, seminibus minutissimis repleto, duobus parvis + filamentis seu corniculis recurvis coronato. _Clayt. n. 79._ _Mill. + Icon. t. 251._ _Duham. Arb. 1. t. 3._ + +As a shrub commonly cultivated for ornament in our gardens and +plantations, the _Hydrangea arborescens_ has a right to appear in this +work, nevertheless it is more with a view to illustrate a peculiar +character of the genus that it is here figured. + +This shrub is a native of Virginia, and was introduced in 1736, by P. +Collinson, Esq. it is of low growth, rarely exceeding four feet in +height; its flowers are produced on the summits of the branches, +somewhat in the manner of the _Laurustinus_; they are small, crowded, +nearly white, with a tinge of red in them which is not very brilliant, +and some fragrance; they are produced in July and August, and sometimes +followed by ripe seeds here. + +Is easily propagated by parting its roots the latter end of October, +prefers a moist soil, but will grow in a dry one; if in severe frosts +the stalks, which are rather soft, should be killed, new ones will be +put up the following Spring. + + + + +[438] + +[Illustration: Nº. 438] + +Hydrangea Hortensis. Garden Hydrangea. + + HYDRANGEA _hortensis_ foliis ellipticis serratis glaberrimis + staminibus æqualibus. _Smith icon. rar. t. 12._ + + HORTENSIA. _Commmers. Jussieu Gen. 214._ + + PRIMULA _mutabilis_ caule suffruticoso multiplici, foliis ovatis + serratis, floribus nudis. _Loureir Coch. Chin. v. 1. p. 104._ + + VIBURNUM _tomentosum_ foliis ovatis acuminatis serratis venosis + subtus tomentosis, umbellis lateralibus. _Thunb. Jap. p. 123. ?_ + + SAMBUCUS aquatica surculis pinguibus punctatis, &c. Sijo vulgo + Adsai et Ansai et Adsiki. _Kæmpf. Am. Exot. p. 854._ var. fl. albo, + pila florida major. + +It appears to be a point not yet fully determined, whether the present +plant exhibits the appearances belonging to it in a state of nature, or +those which are in a certain degree the effect of accident, or of art; +in its fructification it certainly is not so completely barren as the +Guilder Rose, _Viburnum Opulus_, cultivated in our gardens, since it has +most of its parts perfect; yet as none of the authors who have seen it +in China or Japan (where it is said not only to be much cultivated but +indigenous[1]) describe its fruit, we are inclined on that account to +regard it, in a certain degree, as monstrous. + +It will appear by the synonyms, that authors have entertained very +different opinions as to what this plant really is; Jussieu following +Commerson makes it an _Hortensia_, Thunberg a _Viburnum_, Loureiro, +ridiculously enough, a _Primula_, and Dr. Smith an _Hydrangea_. + +In the original description of the characters of the genus _Hydrangea_ +by Linnæus, there is no mention made of two different kinds of florets, +as in the _Viburnum_, nor has any author that I am acquainted with +described the _Hydrangea arbor._ as producing such; yet, to my great +surprise, in a plant of this sort which flowered in my garden at +Brompton in July 1797, three of the Cymæ, and three only, threw out each +of them from their circumference a very different flower from those +in the centre, smaller indeed, but very similar to the flowers of the +_Hydrang. hort._ see Pl. 437. In 1788, Mr. Walter published his _Fl. +Carolin._ in which he describes a second species of _Hydrangea_, which +he calls _radiata_,[2] having very distinctly, as in the _Viburnum_, +two different kinds of florets in the same Cyma, this variation in the +florets is added by him to the generic character: the similarity which +exists between the flowers of Mr. Walter's _Hydrangea radiata_, and +those of the present plant sufficiently justify Dr. Smith in making it +an _Hydrangea_; the appearances observed by Loureiro[3] on dissecting +the germen, and our discovery of the existence of two different kinds of +flowers in the _Hydrangea arborescens_, tend still more to confirm its +propriety; we may add, that in the very habit of these several plants +there exists a considerable similarity; still, however, it is only by +ripe seed-vessels of the present plant, that this doubtful matter can be +satisfactorily cleared up; but it will not follow, that if it be not an +_Hydrangea_ it must be a _Viburnum_. + +This magnificent and highly ornamental plant, according to Dr. Smith, +was introduced from China to the royal garden at Kew, by Sir Joseph +Banks, Bart. in 1790; it was imported by Mr. Slater about the same time, +with whom it is said to have first flowered in this country. + +If room were allowed us, it would be superfluous to describe minutely a +plant now so very common; suffice it to say, that from a strong +perennial root, rise a number of half-shrubby, irregular, somewhat +spongy stalks, strongly spotted when young with purple, from one to +three feet high, terminated by large bunches of flowers, at first green, +then rose-coloured, and finally green a second time; these are the most +common changes to which they are liable: but it will sometimes happen +that a plant which has produced red flowers one year, shall produce blue +another, though growing in the same pot; this we saw happen in the year +1796 to a plant in the possession of the Countess of Upper Ossory, whose +refined taste and superior judgment have in several instances +contributed to render our works more acceptable to the public: the +coloured changeable part of the flower is regarded as the calyx, in the +centre of which is the corolla, containing the stamina, &c. all varying +greatly in point of number; besides these, there are other flowers +without any calyx, but the parts which they contain do not seem to be +more perfect than those of the others, nor more productive of ripe +fruit. + +Since the introduction of this plant, trials have been made in regard to +its hardiness, and it is found to survive mild winters if planted in +very warm sheltered situations; but in others, both stalks and leaves +are liable to be killed by slight frosts, though the roots are not; if +persons are anxious to have it in the open border, the best mode will be +to cut down the stems at the approach of winter, and cover over the root +with rotten tan, or some light substance; in the spring fresh stalks +will shoot forth, but it is more common to keep this plant during winter +in a green-house or well secured frame; by artificial heat it may be +brought to flower in April or May, without such, it begins to blossom +about June, and continues in bloom till October; when successfully +treated, it will acquire the height of three feet, and produce bunches +of flowers supremely magnificent: such plants in pots are admirably +adapted for decorating court-yards, balconies, &c. unless carefully cut +in, it is apt to grow too large for the green-house, therefore it is +proper to have a succession of young plants from cuttings, which strike +very freely; this plant loves water, is indeed almost an aquatic, a rich +soil, and plenty of pot room. + +FOOTNOTES: + +[1] _Habitat_ et ob pulchritudinem colitur Cantone Sinarum, _Loureir. +Coch. Chin. v. 1. p. 104._ Crescit in sylvis variis, inter Miaco et +Jedo, etiam cultum, _Thunb. Fl. Jap. p. 123_, who refers to Kæmpfer, +whose plant is certainly ours; yet it must be acknowledged that +Thunberg's description does not well accord with it. + +[2] This plant, or one extremely similar to it, was introduced by Mr. +Williams, Nurseryman at Paris, a few years since; we saw it in full +bloom, at Mr. Colvill's, King's-Road, in the Summer of 1796. + +[3] Pericarpium abortit, quod ex dissecto germine et per microscopium +viso apparet polyspermum. + + + + +[439] + +[Illustration: Nº. 439] + +Illicium Floridanum. Red-flowered Illicium, or Aniseed-Tree. + +_Class and Order._ + +Polyandria Polygynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cal._ 6-phyllus. _Petala 27._ _Caps._ plures, in orbem digestæ, + bivalves, monospermæ. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + ILLICIUM _floridanum_ floribus rubris. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. + 14. Murr. p. 507._ _Ellis Act. Angl. 1770. (v. 60.) p. 524. t. 12._ + _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 250._ + +Of the genus _Illicium_ there are at present only two known species, +viz. the _anisatum_ and _floridanum_, the former a native of China and +Japan, the latter of Florida; both of them are cultivated in this +country, but the latter more generally, on account of the superior +beauty of its flowers, which are of a fine deep red colour, and have the +appearance of being double, though the petals are not preternaturally +multiplied; when the plant is in bloom the peduncles hang down, when the +petals drop they become erect; the blossoms are not distinguished by +their fragrance, though the seed-vessels, and seeds (which do not come +to perfection with us) are said to be strongly odoriferous; the foliage +of this plant is also much admired: taking it indeed altogether, there +are few shrubs held in higher estimation. + +According to Mr. Aiton, this species was introduced by John Ellis, Esq. +in 1776; but Isaac Walker, Esq. of Southgate, was the first who +possessed it in this country, he informs me by letter, that he received +plants of it from Pensacola in 1771, by the hands of Mr. John Bradley, +and that he communicated some of them to Dr. Fothergill, Dr. Pitcairn, +and Mr. Ellis. It flowers from April to July. + +Cultivators differ widely as to their treatment of this plant, some +keeping it in the stove, others in the green-house, while some have +ventured to plant it in the open ground in warm situations; it probably +is more hardy than we imagine; all agree in propagating it by layers, or +by seeds if they can be procured. Linnæus, contrary to his usual +practice, distinguishes the two species by their colour only, and +Thunberg is disposed to regard them as mere varieties. + + + + +[440] + +[Illustration: Nº. 440] + +Erica Albens. Pallid Heath. + +_Class and Order._ + +Octandria Monogynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cal._ 4-phyllus. _Cor._ 4-fida. _Filamenta_ receptaculo inserta. + _Antheræ_ apice bifidæ, pertusæ. _Caps._ 4-locularis, 4-valvis, + polysperma. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + ERICA _albens_ antheris muticis inclusis, corollis ovatis oblongis + acutis, foliis ternis, racemis secundis. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. + Murr. ed. 14. p. 367._ _Mant. 233._ + + ERICA _albens_ mutica, foliis ternis trigonis pilosis, floribus + lateralibus, calyce villoso. _Thunb. Prodr. p. 70._ + +This species, a native of the Cape, has been introduced since the +publication of the _Hort. Kew._ and is now to be found in most +green-house collections near town. + + * * * * * + +In its habit, its foliage, and its flowers, it is very distinct from all +our other heaths; flowers from April to June, is readily increased by +cuttings, and easily kept with the common treatment. + + + + +[441] + +[Illustration: Nº. 441] + +Antholyza Merianella. Dwarf Antholyza. + +_Class and Order._ + +Triandria Monogynia. + +_Generic Character._ + +_Cor._ tubulosa, irregularis, recurvata. _Caps._ infera. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + ANTHOLYZA _Merianella_ corollis infundibuliformibus, foliis + linearibus. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 87._ _Ait. Kew. + v. 1. p. 67._ + + WATSONIA _humilis_ foliis lineari-ensiformibus, tubo floris + longissimo. _Mill. ic. 198. t. 297. f. 2._ + +This very rare species is perfectly distinct from the _Meriana_, of more +humble growth, the flowering stem seldom rising to more than a foot in +height, and producing from four to six flowers, which are proportionably +longer, more closed, and of a deeper red colour than those of _Meriana_. + +Was introduced from the Cape by Capt. Hutchinson, in 1754. _Ait. Kew._ + +Is readily increased by offsets, and requires the same treatment as the +_Anthol. Meriana_ already figured. + +Flowers in May and June. + +Our drawing was made from a plant which flowered with Mr. Fairbairn, at +the Apothecaries Garden, Chelsea, May 2, 1798. + + + + +[442] + +[Illustration: Nº. 442] + +Genista Linifolia. Flax-Leaved Broom. + +_Class and Order._ + +Diadelphia Decandria. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cal._ 2-labiatus 2/3. _Vexillum_ oblongum, a pistillo + staminibusque deorsum reflexum. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + GENISTA _linifolia_ foliis ternatis sessilibus linearibus subtus + sericeis. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 645._ _Ait. Kew. + v. 3. p. 14._ + + CYTISUS _argenteus_ linifolius insularum stæchadum. _Tourn. Inst. + 648._ + +The _Genista linifolia_ is a native of Spain, and was introduced to the +royal garden at Kew, by Sir Francis Drake, in the year 1786. _Ait. Kew._ + +The bright yellow flowers, which are abundantly produced on this plant +during May and June, joined to the silky appearance of its foliage, has +rendered it worthy the notice of most lovers of plants, in whose +collections it is now generally found. + +It is most successfully propagated by seeds, which usually ripen in this +country; it may also be raised from cuttings, but not readily, agreeing +in this respect with leguminous plants in general. + +We do not find in Linnæus's works any figure of this plant referred to; +but there is a minute description of it in his _Sp. Pl._ + +It is usually kept in the greenhouse; being a native of Spain, it may +probably be more hardy than we imagine. + + + + +[443] + +[Illustration: Nº. 443] + +Erica Physodes. Sticky-Flowered Heath. + +_Class and Order._ + +Octandria Monogynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cal._ 4-phyllus. _Cor._ 4-fida. _Filamenta_ receptaculo inserta. + _Antheræ_ apice bifidæ pertusæ. _Caps._ 4-locularis, 4-valvis, + polysperma. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + ERICA _physodes_ antheris cristatis, corollis ovatis inflatis, + stylo incluso, foliis quaternis, floribus subsolitariis. _Linn. + Syst. Vegetab. Murr. p. 366._ _Berg. Cup. 108._ + + ERICA _physodes_ cristata, foliis quaternis linearibus, floribus + umbellatis viscosis, calyce ovato brevi. _Thunb. Prodr. p. 74._ + +The _Erica physodes_ is a native of the Cape, and another of those +species which have been introduced since the publication of the _Hort. +Kew._ of Mr. Aiton. + + * * * * * + +It is principally distinguished by the form, and delicate whiteness of +its blossoms, which are so extremely viscid as to retain flies and other +insects which settle on them. + + * * * * * + +Is scarcely to be increased by cuttings, more readily by seeds, which +sometimes ripen here. + + + + +[444] + +[Illustration: Nº. 444] + +Canarina Campanula. Canary Bell-Flower. + +_Class and Order._ + +Hexandria Monogynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cal._ 6-phyllus. _Cor._ 6-fida, campanulata. _Stigmata 6._ _Caps._ + infera, 6-locularis, polysperma. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + CANARINA _Campanula_ caule erecto, foliis hastatis ternis + oppositisve. _Martyn Mill. Dict. Linn. Syst. Veg. ed. 14._ _Murr. + p. 344._ _Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 480._ _Linn. Mant. p. 225._ + + CAMPANULA _canariensis_ capsulis quinquelocularibus, foliis + hastatis dentatis oppositis petiolatis. _Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p. + 238._ + + CAMPANULA _canariensis_ regia _s._ medium radice tuberosa, foliis + sinuatis cæsiis atriplicis æmulis ternis circum caulem ambientibus, + flore amplo pendulo colore flammeo rutilante. _Pluk. Alm. 76. t. + 276. f. 1._ + +The flowers of this plant so strongly resemble those of the Campanula, +that it is no wonder the older Botanists regarded it as such, Linnæus +himself did so at first, and Miller also; and even now it may perhaps be +doubted whether it ought to be made a distinct genus of, since it is +found to differ principally in the number of its parts of +fructification. + +It is a native of the Canary Islands, whence its name, was cultivated in +the royal garden, Hampton-Court, as long since as the year 1696[4], and +is a tender herbaceous plant, to be found in most of our greenhouses; +its stem rises to the height of six or more feet, its flowers produced +singly from the fork of the stalk are large and shewy, they begin to +open at the commencement of winter, and continue to blow till March. + +"Is propagated by parting of its roots, which must be done with caution; +for, as the root is fleshy, if they are broken or wounded, the milky +juice will flow out plentifully; so that if these are planted before the +wounds are skinned over, it occasions their rotting: the best time for +transplanting and parting of their roots is in July, soon after the +stalks are decayed; the soil should he a light sandy loam, mixed with a +fourth part of screened lime rubbish." Miller. + +FOOTNOTE: + +[4] Ait. Kew. + + + + +[445] + +[Illustration: Nº. 445] + +Coronilla Emerus. Scorpion Senna. + +_Class and Order._ + +Diadelphia Decandria. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cal._ 2-labiatus: 2/3: dentibus superioribus connatis. _Vexillum_ + vix alis longius. _Legumen_ isthmis interceptum. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + CORONILLA _Emerus_ fruticosa, pedunculis subtrifloris, corollarum + unguibus calyce triplo longioribus, caule angulato. _Linn. Syst. + Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 669._ _Ait. Kew. v. 3. p. 57._ + + COLUTEA siliquosa _s._ scorpioides major. _Bauh. Pin. p. 1046._ + +Authors have given to this plant the name of Scorpion Senna, its +seed-vessels, from their slender and jointed appearance, bearing some +resemblance to the tail of a scorpion. + +It is a native of France and Germany, and a very old inhabitant of our +gardens, having been cultivated by Gerard in 1596; it is of low and slow +growth: there is a shrub of it in the Apothecaries Garden, Chelsea, +which grew there in the time of Miller, and which now is not more than +five feet high. + +In the nurseries we have observed two varieties of it, one in which the +flowers have been tinged with bright red inclining to orange and which +is by far the most common, the other with flowers wholly yellow, +scarcely worth cultivating. + +Its blossoms are produced in May and June, and sometimes again in +autumn; neatly trained to a wall or paling, it makes a beautiful +appearance when in flower, the shortness of its shoots renders it a very +proper object for this purpose. + +Is propagated by seeds, layers, and cuttings; the first are not produced +in any great plenty with us. + +The leaves by a proper fermentation are said to produce a dye like that +of Indigo. + + + + +[446] + +[Illustration: Nº. 446] + +Psoralea Bracteata. Oval-Spiked Psoralea. + +_Class and Order._ + +Diadelphia Decandria. + +_Generic Character._ + +_Cal._ punctis callosis adspersus longitudine leguminis monspermi. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + PSORALEA _bracteata_ foliis ternatis obovatis recurvato-mucronatis, + mucronatis, spicis ovatis. _Linn. Mant. 264._ _Berg. Cap. 224._ + _Ait. Kew. v. 3. p. 79._ + + TRIFOLIUM fruticans. _Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p. 1085._ + + TRIFOLIUM africanum fruticans flore purpurascente. _Comm. Hort. 2. + p. 211. t. 106._ + +The old authors, and indeed Linnæus himself at first, regarded this +plant as a Trifolium; afterwards the latter changed it to _Psoralea_, +and minutely described it in his _Mantissa_. + +As a green-house plant, this small and delicate species has long been +cultivated[5], and still continues to hold a place in all collections of +note. + +Its inflorence to us has more the appearance of a _capitulum_ than a +_spike_, and which when the plant is in full bloom, is by no means +ovate, but rather hemispherical; the purple colour of the vexillum, +contrasted with the white of the alæ, gives to the flowers a very +pleasing parti-coloured appearance. + +In its leaves we have a good example of the _folium mucronatum_. + +It is a native of the Cape, flowers in June and July, and is usually +propagated by cuttings. + +FOOTNOTE: + +[5] By Miller, in 1731. + + + + +[447] + +[Illustration: Nº. 447] + +Erica Empetrifolia. Crowberry-Leaved Heath. + +_Class and Order._ + +Octandria Monogynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cal._ 4-phyllus. _Cor._ 4-fida. _Filamenta_ receptaculo inserta. + _Antheræ_ apice bifidæ pertusæ. _Caps._ 4-locularis, 4-valvis, + polysperma. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + ERICA _empetrifolia_ foliis oblongis ciliatis, floribus + verticillatis: calyce ciliato. _Thunb. Prodr. p. 73._ _Linn. Syst. + Vegetab. ed. 13. Gmel. p. 627._ _Linn. Pflanzen Syst. 3. t. 23. f. + 2._ + + ERICA _empetrifolia_ antheris cristatis, corollis ovatis, foliis + quaternis, floribus sessilibus lateralibus. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. + ed. 14. Murr. p. 366._ _Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 19._ + +It is a most pleasing circumstance, when plants afford characters by +which they may with certainty be distinguished; most of the Heaths are +of this kind, and the present one in particular: exclusive of its great +peculiarity of growth, so obviously expressed in our representation of +it, its flowers diffuse a strong honey-like fragrance, which, if other +characters were wanting, would at once discriminate it. + +It is one of those Heaths which are enumerated in the _Hort. Kew._ of +Mr. Aiton, and was introduced to the royal garden by Mr. Masson, in +1774; is now to be met with in most of the collections of green-house +plants about town, and flowers in May and June. + +Is usually propagated by cuttings. + + + + +[448] + +[Illustration: Nº. 448] + +Mesembryanthemum Micans. Glittering Fig-Marygold. + +_Class and Order._ + +Icosandria Pentagynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cal._ 5-fidus. _Petala_ numerosa, linearia. _Caps._ carnosa, + infera, polysperma. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + MESEMBRYANTHEMUM _micans_ foliis subcylindricis papulosis + distinctis, caule scabro. _Linn. Syst. Veg. ed. 14. Murr. p. 470._ + _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 190._ + + MESEMBRYANTHEMUM _micans_ flore phoeniceo: filamentis atris. + _Dill. Elth. 292. t. 215. f. 1282._ + + FICOIDES capensis, tereti folio, flore croceo. _Pet. gaz. t. 7. f. + 9._ + + FICOIDES capensis, folio tereti argenteo, petalis perplurimis + aurantiacis. _Bradl. Succ. 1. p. 9. t. 8._ + +The _Mesembryanthemum micans_, so called from the glittering particles +which are conspicuous on its stalks and leaves, is a species which has +long been introduced to our gardens (having been cultivated by Prof. +Bradley in 1716) for the beauty of its flowers, which in richness of +colour are indeed surpassed by few; they are produced in the months of +July and August, but do not expand fully, unless the sun shines +powerfully on them; nor do they long retain that regular expansion +observable in some species, but quickly assume a somewhat ragged +appearance; nevertheless, upon the whole, it is one of those species +which is highly deserving of culture, by those who are partial to this +tribe of plants. + +It is a native of the Cape, and readily propagated by cuttings. + +Varies with flowers of a paler hue. + + + + +[449] + +[Illustration: Nº. 449] + +Dillenia Speciosa. Shewy Dillenia. + +_Class and Order._ + +Polyandria Polygynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cal._ 5-phyllus. _Petala 5._ _Caps._ polyspermæ, connatæ, pulpa + repletæ. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + DILLENIA _speciosa_ foliis oblongis rotundato-acutis denticulatis, + pedunculis unifloris. _Thunb. in Linn. Trans. 1. p. 200._ + + DILLENIA _indica_. _Linn. Syst Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 507._ + + SYALITA Malabaris. _Rheede Hort. Malab. tom. iii. p. 39. t. 38. + 39._ + +The name of _Dillenia_ was given by Linnæus to this genus of plants, in +honour of John James Dillenius, Professor of Botany at Oxford, and the +celebrated author of the _Hist. Muscorum_, _Hort. Elthamensis_, &c. + +Until the publication of the first volume of the _Linnean Transactions_, +only one species of _Dillenia_ was generally known; in that work Prof. +Thunberg minutely describes five others, three of which are there +figured; all these, and one more described by Dr. Roxburgh in his work +on the Coromandel plants, are inserted by Prof. Martyn in his new and +highly improved edition of Miller's _Dictionary_. + +The present species, which now loses its name of _indica_ in that of +_speciosa_, and which though not enumerated in the _Hort. Kew._ has many +years been cultivated at Kew, and in the stoves of the curious near +town, is a native of Malabar and Java; in its native soil it becomes a +vast tree, here we rarely see it more than two or three feet high; its +flowers are large and shewy, but quickly deciduous, and remarkable for +the unpleasantness of their scent, which is like that of the _Lycium +japonicum_, but not being readily exhaled does not infect the air of the +stove. + +This species is increased without difficulty by cuttings, which quickly +produce flowering plants. + + + + +[450] + +[Illustration: Nº. 450] + +Gladiolus Watsonius. Watson's Corn-Flag. + +_Class and Order._ + +Triandria Monogynia. + +_Generic Character._ + +_Cor._ 6-partita, tubulosa, ringens. _Stamina_ adscendentia. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + GLADIOLUS _Watsonius_ corollis infundibuliformibus, limbi laciniis + subæqualibus, foliis linearibus ad oras revolutis. _Jacq. Icon. + rar. 2. t. 233. Collect. 3. p. 257._ _Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. Wilden. p. + 214._ + + GLADIOLUS _Watsonius_ monostachyus corollis cernuis, tubo duplici, + limbi laciniis oblongis, foliis linearibus glabris. _Thunb. Prod. + p. 8._ + +Professors Jacquin and Thunberg have both described this rare bulbous +plant, a native of the Cape, and newly introduced to this country from +Holland among a great variety of others: it seems highly probable that +the descriptions of both these authors were taken from dried specimens, +since they accord so little with the living plant as it flowers with us. + +At first sight, one would be led to regard this plant as an _Antholyza_ +rather than a _Gladiolus_, its flowers bearing a great affinity to those +of the _Antholyza Meriana_, which differs widely from those of the +_Gladiolus communis_: Prof. Thunberg having thought fit to make a +_Gladiolus_ of that plant, he could do no less than regard this as a +_Gladiolus_ also; we regret that the infinite variety to which all the +productions of nature are subject should give occasion to versatile +minds perpetually to alter genera, often without due consideration. This +species flowers in February and March, requires the same treatment as +other Cape bulbs, and is propagated in the same manner. + +Descr. Stalk from twelve to eighteen inches high, upright, smooth; +Leaves about three or four, the lowermost a sheath merely, the second +leaf springs from a long sheath, is puckered at its base, three inches +in length, upright, rigid, flat, linear-lanceolate, having three strong +ribs, one in the middle, two at the margin, which, projecting on each +side, give to the edge of the leaf a thick appearance, the leaves as +they ascend, gradually differ from this, and finally become hollow +bracteæ, which at first envelope the flowers, and afterwards contribute +to support them; Flowers from two to three, each standing on a +peduncle-like tube, enclosed by a bifid spatha, contained within and +about half the length of the bracteæ; Corolla bright red, funnel-shaped, +tube bent somewhat downwards, nearly cylindrical, a little flattened, +and glossy, limb divided into six ovato-lanceolate segments, spreading +outwards, the uppermost segment incumbent, the three lowermost smaller +than the others; Filaments three, whitish, nearly straight; Antheræ +oblong, straight, purple; Style red; Stigma trifid, each segment +dividing into two villous lips. + + + + +[451] + +[Illustration: Nº. 451] + +Blakea Trinervia. Three-Ribbed Blakea. + +_Class and Order._ + +Dodecandria Monogynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cal._ inferus, 6-phyllus, superus, integer. _Petala 6._ _Capsula_ + 6-locularis, polysperma. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + BLAKEA _trinervia_ bicalyculata, foliis enerviis transversim + subtilissime striatis. _Linn. Suppl. p. 246._ _Syst. Veg. ed. 14._ + _Murr. p. 442._ + + BLAKEA foliis ellipticis trinerviis nitidis, floribus lateralibus. + _Brown. Jam. 323. t. 35._ The wild Rose. + +"This vegetable is certainly one of the most beautiful productions of +_America_. It is but a weakly plant at first, and supports itself for a +time by the help of some neighbouring shrub or tree; but it grows +gradually more robust, and at length acquires a pretty moderate stem, +which divides into a thousand weakly declining branches, well supplied +with beautiful rosy blossoms on all sides that give it a most pleasing +appearance in the season. + +"It is chiefly found in cool, moist, and shady places, and grows +generally to the height of ten or fourteen feet; but rises always higher +when it remains a climber, in which state it continues sometimes. It +thrives best on the sides of ponds or rivulets, and those that would +choose to have it flourish in their gardens, where it must naturally +make a very elegant appearance, ought to supply it with some support +while it continues young and weakly. + +"It is called _Blakea_, after Mr. Martin Blake, of Antigua, a great +promoter of every sort of useful knowledge, and a gentleman to whose +friendship the Natural History of Jamaica chiefly owes its early +appearance." _Brown's Jamaic._ + +Our figure was drawn from a very fine healthy plant which flowered in +the collection of Lady Downe, at her villa of Bookham-Grove, near +Leatherhead, in April 1799; though not enumerated in the _Hortus +Kewensis_, it had produced blossoms in several other collections near +town long before this period; those when they once expand are of short +duration, but the foliage when healthy is always handsome. + +It is usually kept in the stove with other Jamaica plants, and +propagated by layers. + +We cannot see the propriety of applying _foliis enerviis_ to the +description of this species, since Linnæus himself, in his _Sp. Pl._ +describes the leaves as _trinervia_; three strong ribs they always have, +and usually two others near the margin which are finer. + + + + +[452] + +[Illustration: Nº. 452] + +Cardamine Trifolia. Three-Leaved Cuckow-Flower. + +_Class and Order._ + +Tetradynamia Siliquosa. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Siliqua_ elastice dissiliens valvulis revolutis. _Stigma_ + integrum. _Cal._ subhians. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + CARDAMINE trifolia foliis ternatis obtusis, caule subnudo. _Linn. + Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 593._ _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 387._ + + NASTURTIUM alpinum trifolium. _Bauh. Pin. 104._ + + CARDAMINE trifolia. Trefoile Ladies smockes. _Parkins. Parad. p. + 389._ + +Such as are attached to the smaller alpine plants, will regard this +species of _Cardamine_ as worthy a place in their collections; one would +scarcely have expected to find it in Parkinson's _Parad._ yet there it +is described, and the following account given of its introduction: "It +was sent me by my especial good friend John Tradescante, who brought it +among other dainty plants from beyond the seas, and imparted thereof a +root to me." + +This species is perennial, hardy, and of very humble growth; the leaves +grow thickly together, forming a kind of tuft; the flowering stems +rarely rise above the height of six inches, and produce on their summits +numerous flowers, waved on their edges; all those which we have had an +opportunity of seeing have been perfectly white, Parkinson and Haller +describe them as being sometimes tinged with red or purple; they begin +to appear towards the end of March and continue through April, the +shelter of a hand-glass open at top is often necessary to protect and +improve the flowering of this and other such early-blowing plants. + +It grows readily either in a pot or in the open border, succeeds best +when planted in bog earth in a situation moderately moist and shady, and +is readily increased by parting its roots, which are somewhat of the +creeping kind. + +Grows spontaneously in most of the northern parts of Europe, especially +Lapland, Switzerland, and Austria. + + + + +[453] + +[Illustration: Nº. 453] + +Amaryllis Reginæ. Mexican Lily. + +_Class and Order._ + +Hexandria Monogynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cor._ hexapetaloidea irregularis. _Filamenta_ fauci tubi inserta, + declinata, inæqualia proportione vel directione. _Linn. fil._ + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + AMARYLLIS _reginæ_ spatha subbiflora, pedicellis divaricatis, + corollis campanulatis breve tubulosis nutantibus, fauce tubi + hirsuta, foliis lanceolatis patulis. _Linn. fil. Ait. Kew. 416. + Mill. ic. p. 16. t. 24._ + + LILIUM americanum puniceo flore Belladonna dictum. _Herm. par. 194. + t. 194._ + +Descr. "Bulb green, scape round, somewhat flattened: Corolla scarlet, +with a bottom of a whitish green, the three outer petals round at the +tip, the three inner fringed at the base; the style red, the flower +stems seldom rise more than one foot high; each stem supports two, +three, or four flowers, rarely more; they are large, and of a bright +copper colour, inclining to red; the spathe which cover the buds before +they open, divides into two parts to the bottom, standing on each side +the umbel of flowers joined to the peduncles. + +"It flowered in Mr. Fairchild's garden at Hoxton, in 1728, when the late +Dr. James Douglass caused a figure of it to be drawn, and wrote a folio +pamphlet on it. He gave it the title of _Lilium Reginæ_, because it was +in full beauty on the first of March, which was the late queen's +birth-day. Mr. Fairchild told me the roots were brought from Mexico; so +he gave it the name of Mexican Lily, which is still continued to it by +the English gardeners. It flowers constantly in the spring, when it is +placed in a very warm stove. It is in beauty in February, and those +which are in a moderate temperature of air will flower in March or +April. + +"Not being so hardy as some others, it must be placed in a warm stove, +and if the pots are plunged into a hot-bed of tanner's bark, the roots +will thrive better, and the flowers will be strong. + +"It is increased by offsets." _Mill. Dict. ed. Mart._ + + + + +[454] + +[Illustration: Nº. 454] + +Canna Indica. Common Indian Reed or Shot. + +_Class and Order._ + +Monandria Monogynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Corolla_ 6-partita erecta: labio bipartito, revoluto. _Stylus_ + lanceolatus, corollæ adnatus. _Calyx_ 3-phyllus. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + CANNA _Indica_ foliis ovatis utrinque acuminatis nervosis. _Sp. Pl. + 1._ _Ait. Kew. vol. 1. p. 1._ + + CANNACORUS. _Rumph. amb. 5. p. 177. t. 71. f. 2._ + + ARUNDO indica latifolia. _Bauh. Pin. 19._ + + CANNA Indica flore rubro. Red flowred Indian Reede. _Park. Parad. + p. 376._ + +The _Canna indica_, a native of both the Indies, is a plant greatly +admired for the beauty of its foliage and flowers, and on that account +generally cultivated; it has been called by some _Indian Shot_, from the +roundness and hardness of its seeds. + +We find it to have existed in our gardens in the time of Gerard, 1596. +Parkinson was acquainted with that variety of it which has yellow +spotted flowers: Prof. Martyn, in his edition of _Miller's Dict._ has +quoted the chief of what these authors say of it, which as a matter of +curiosity we shall here transcribe: "Gerard informs us, that in his time +it was in the garden at Padua, that he had planted it in his garden +divers times, but it never came to flowering; and that it must be set or +sown in a pot, with fine earth, or in a bed made of horse-dung, in such +manner as Cucumbers and Musk-Melons are: Parkinson says, in some kindly +years this beautiful plant has borne its brave flowers, but never any +ripe seed, and that it will not abide the extremities of our winters, +unless it meet with a stove, or hot-house, such as are used in Germany; +for neither house nor cellar will preserve it: Clusius saw it flowering +by house-sides in Spain and Portugal, and says, that the inhabitants +there use the seeds for making their rosaries." + +Mr. Aiton enumerates four varieties of it, viz. _rubra_, _lutea_, +_coccinea_, and _patens_. + +"Being a native of the warmest parts of America, it requires to be +placed in a moderate stove in winter, where they always flower in that +season, at which time they make a fine appearance, and in the summer +place them abroad in a sheltered situation with other tender exotic +plants, where they generally flower again, and produce ripe seeds +annually." _Mill. Dict._ + +"These plants will continue many years with proper management, but as +young plants always flower better than the old root, so it is scarce +worth while to continue them after they have borne good seeds, which +should be sown on a hot-bed in the spring." _Mill. Dict._ + + + + +[455] + +[Illustration: Nº. 455] + +Aloe Retusa. Cushion Aloe. + +_Class and Order._ + +Hexandria Monogynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cor._ erecta, ore patulo fundo nectarifero. _Filam._ receptaculo + inserta. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + ALOE _retusa_ acaulis foliis quinquefariis deltoideis. _Thunb. + Aloe, n. 15. Ait. Kew. 471._ + + ALOE _retusa_ floribus sessilibus triquetris bilabiatis labio + inferiore revoluto. _Linn. Sp. Pl. 459._ + + ALOE _africana_ brevissimo crassissimoque folio, flore viridi. + _Comm. hort. 2. p. 11. t. 6._ _Till. pis. 6. t. 5._ + +Though the flowers of this Aloe have little to recommend them, there is +much to admire in the form and structure of its leaves; and this +pleasing circumstance attends it, it is perfectly distinct from all the +other species: when first introduced, it was no doubt an object of great +admiration; Fairchild, the celebrated Gardener of Hoxton, who preceded +Miller, had it engraved, with several other succulents, on a plate which +is prefixed to Dr. Blair's _Botanic Essays_, and which he described to +the Doctor, betwixt whom and Mr. Fairchild there appears to have +subsisted a great degree of intimacy: the Essays were printed in 1720. + +This species is a native of the Cape, and flowers in June, but not +regularly so, increases very fast by offsets: Mr. Aiton makes it as he +does all the Aloes indiscriminately, Dry Stove Plants, but it may be +kept in a good green-house, taking care to place it in the driest and +most airy part, and to guard it at all times from much wet, but more +especially in the winter season. + + + + +[456] + +[Illustration: Nº. 456] + +Diosma Serratifolia. Serrated or Saw-Leaved Diosma. + +_Class and Order._ + +Pentandria Monogynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cor._ 5-petala. _Nectaria_ 5 supra germen. _Caps. 3. s. 5._ + coalitæ. _Sem._ calyptrata. + +_Specific Character._ + + DIOSMA _serratifolia_ follis lanceolatis glanduloso-serrulatis, + pedunculis axillaribus oppositis subunifloris. + +It was in the green-house of Mr. Whitley, Nurseryman at Old Brampton, +that we first saw this plant in flower, on the 25th of March 1799; +previous to this period it had flowered in the Royal Garden at Kew, and +specimens of it had been deposited in the Herbarium of Sir Joseph Banks, +under the name of _Diosma serratifolia_. + +It forms a neat pretty shrub, which is rendered more desirable by its +early flowering; its blossoms are pure white, set off by Antheræ of a +lively purple colour; the whole plant has a strong scent very like that +of Pennyroyal, but more powerful. + +This shrub is one of the many which have been raised within these few +years from Botany-Bay seeds, is a greenhouse plant, of easy culture, +blows freely, and is readily increased by cuttings. + +Descr. Twigs somewhat angular, reddish purple; Leaves opposite, narrow, +on very short footstalks, spreading, slightly truncated at the +extremity, finely toothed, a transparent gland in the angle of each +tooth, beset on both sides with numerous glands, which project and give +to the upper surface a manifest roughness; Flowers from the alæ of the +leaves, opposite, on peduncles about one-third of an inch long, usually +supporting one, sometimes two flowers; Calyx composed of five leaves +which are tinged with red and permanent; Corolla five petals, white, +ovato-lanceolate; Stamina filaments five, white, hairy, at first +upright, afterwards bending back betwixt the petals; Antheræ before they +open purple; Pollen yellow; Nectaries of two kinds, five white, +springing up between each filament, and which may perhaps be considered +as so many imperfect stamina, they are broader, much smoother, and about +one-third of the length of the filaments, terminating in a transparent +gland instead of an anthera; five green, forming a kind of calyx to the +germen, from the top of which they spring, they consist of five +roundish, fleshy, spreading, green leaves, edged with hairs; besides +these, there is a glandular ring at the base of the germen; Style white, +tapering, very hairy; Stigma simple; Flowers usually dropping off +without ripening the seeds. + + + + +[457] + +[Illustration: Nº. 457] + +Aloe Plicatilis. Fan Aloe. + +_Class and Order._ + +Hexandria Monogynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cor._ erecta, ore patulo, fundo nectarifero. _Filam._ receptaculo + inserta. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + ALOE _plicatilis_ subacaulis, foliis linguæformibus lævibus + distichis, floribus racemosis pendulis cylindricis. _Ait. Kew. v. + 1. p. 470._ + + ALOE _disticha_ var. [Greek: e]. _Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p. 459._ + + ALOE _plicatilis_ foliis ensiformibus inermis ancipitibus, floribus + laxe spicatis, caule fruticoso. _Mill. Dict. ed. 6. 4to._ + + ALOE africana arborescens montana non spinosa, folio longissimo + plicatili, flore rubro. _Comm. Hort. 2. p. 5. t. 3._ + +"The Fan Aloe grows to the height of six or seven feet, with a strong +stem, towards the upper part of which are produced two, three, or four +heads, composed of long, compressed, pliable leaves, of a sea-green +colour, and ending obtusely; these are placed in a double row, lying +over each other, with their edges the same way; the flowers are produced +in short loose spikes, are of a red colour, and appear at different +times of the year." _Mill. Dict._ + +Linnæus originally made this plant a variety of his _Aloe disticha_, the +leaves in their mode of growth are indeed truly distichous, few plants +afford a better example of such, but they differ materially from those +of the real _disticha_ both in form and colour: Mr. Miller, with great +propriety, made a distinct species of it, by the name of _plicatilis_, +or _Fan Aloe_, which Mr. Aiton has continued; and by the name of _Fan +Aloe_ it is very generally known: we may remark, however, that though +this term may be justified by the form into which the leaves expand, the +_folium plicatile_ of Linnæus is a very different kind of a leaf. + +Both the foliage and flowers of this plant are very handsome, in the +course of many years it grows to a great size; in the Chelsea Garden +there are some fine plants of it, which grew there in the time of +Miller, by whom it was cultivated in 1731. + +It is native of Africa, requires the same treatment as the other Aloes, +and is propagated by dividing and planting its heads. + + + + +[458] + +[Illustration: Nº. 458] + +Aristea Cyanea. Grass-Leaved Aristea. + +_Class and Order._ + +Triandria Monogynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Petala 6._ _Stylus_ declinatus. _Stigma_ infundibuliforme hians. + _Caps._ infera polysperma. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + ARISTEA _cyanea_. _Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 67._ + + IXIA _africana_ floribus capitatis, spathis laceris. _Linn. Sp. Pl. + ed. 3. p. 51._ + + MORÆA _africana_ floribus capitatis spathis laceris. _Murr. Syst. + Vegetab. ed. 14. p. 93._ + + IXIA foliis ad radicem nervosis gramineis, floribus ac fructu + convolutis. _Burm. Afric. 191. t. 70. f. 2._ + + BERMUDIANA capensis, capitulis lanuginosis. _Pet. sicc. 242._ + + GRAMEN eriophorum africanum flore lanato. _Pluk. Mant. 98._ + +It will be seen, on consulting the synonyms, that this native of the +Cape, though introduced to the Kew Garden by Mr. Masson in 1774, was +long before known to a considerable number of Botanists, and it is +curious to see the different opinions which they entertained of it; we +abide by that of Mr. Aiton, who has called it _Aristea_, from the +bearded appearance, we apprehend, of the Spathæ. + +It is a small fibrous-rooted plant, rarely exceeding when in bloom the +height of six or eight inches, and would be too insignificant for a +green-house collection, were not its flowers of a very brilliant blue +colour; indeed Miller, who appears evidently to have cultivated it, +says, the flowers make little appearance, and so the plant is only kept +for the sake of variety. _Dict. 4to. ed. 6. Ixia africana._ + +Mr. Aiton tells us, that it flowers from April to June, yet Mr. Andrews, +intent on giving to Messrs. Lee and Kennedy the credit of flowering it +first, disregards this information, and is pleased to conjecture that +the plant never flowered at Kew, because Mr. Aiton, as he alleges, has +not given to it any specific character; not aware that, as a new genus, +its parts of fructification are described at the end of the _Hort. Kew._ +and that no specific character is ever given to a plant, where there is +only one of a genus, and that for the most obvious reason. + +The _Aristea_ is a plant easily propagated by parting its roots, as well +as by seeds, will succeed in a small pot, and though a green-house +plant, will not be hurt by the moderate heat of the stove, but flower +the better for it. + +The blossoms do not expand fully unless the sun shines hot on them. + + + + +[459] + +[Illustration: Nº. 459] + +Convolvulus Cneorum. Silvery-Leaved Bind-Weed. + +_Class and Order._ + +Pentandria Monogynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cor._ campanulata, plicata. _Stigmata 2._ _Caps._ 2-locularis + loculis dispermis. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + CONVOLVULUS _Cneorum_ foliis lanceolatis tomentosis, floribus + umbellatis, calycibus hirsutis, caule erecto. _Linn. Syst. Veg. + 203._ _Ait. Kew. vol. 1. p. 213._ + + CONVOLVULUS argenteus umbellatus erectus. _Tournef. Inst. 84._ + + CONVOLVULUS major erectus creticus argenteus. _Moris. Hist. 2. p. + 11 s. 1. t. 3. f. 1._ + + CONVOLVULUS saxatilis erectus villosus perennis. _Barr. rar. 4. t. + 470._ _Bocc. Mus. 2. p. 79. t. 70._ + + CNEORUM album folio argenteo molli. _Bauh. Pin. 463._ + +The _Convolvulus Cneorum_ is a native of Spain and the Levant, was +cultivated in the Botanic Garden at Chelsea in 1739, and flowers from +May to September. _Ait. Kew._ + +In size, habit, &c. this species has some affinity to the _Convolvulis +linearis_, figured pl. 289, but differs from it, and other species +usually cultivated with us, in the silky appearance of its foliage, +which it is not in the artist's power to imitate, and for the beauty of +which, more than that of its flowers, it is very generally kept in +collections of green-house plants; its blossoms are nearly white and +rarely or never productive of seeds in this country, hence it is +increased by cuttings. + +It is a hardy green-house plant, requiring a dry rather than a moist +regimen. + + + + +[460] + +[Illustration: Nº. 460] + +Maurandya Semperflorens. Climbing Maurandya, or Bastard Foxglove. + +_Class and Order._ + +Didynamia Angiospermia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Caps._ bilocularis, truncata, bisulca, apice inæqualiter + dehiscens. _Cor._ ringens, tubulosa campanulata, ventricosa, + bisulcato-plicata. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + MAURANDYA _semperflorens_ caule fruticoso scandente, foliis + hastatis nervosis. _C. G. Orteg. Nov. Pol. Dec. 2. p. 21._ + + USTERIA. _Cavanill. Icon. vol. 2. p. 5. num. 126. t. 116._ + +The plant whose elegant form is here so happily delineated by the +masterly pencil of Mr. Edwards, according to Dr. Ortega, is an +inhabitant of Mexico, where its seeds originally were collected by Dr. +Martin Sesse, and sent to the royal garden at Madrid, in which the plant +produced flowers and seeds in abundance; from thence seeds were obtained +by the Marchioness of Bute, about the year 1786, who most kindly +communicated them to different persons in the neighbourhood of London, +and among others to my most generous benefactor, James Vere, Esq. in +whose collection at his villa, Kensington-Gore, by the careful +management of his Gardener, William Anderson, it was first brought to +flower in this country, anno 1797. + +Mons. Cavanille, who resides at Madrid, where he seizes every +opportunity of publishing whatever new plants appear there, has figured +and described the present one, under the name of _Usteria_, not aware +that Wildenou had previously bestowed that name on a different plant; +for this and other reasons[6], Dr. Ortega, in a new work of his above +referred to, has changed the term _Usteria_ to that of _Maurandya_; and, +though we cannot cordially coincide with the Doctor in the propriety +either of his generic or trivial name, we have adopted them. + +This climber rises with a shrubby stalk to the height of many feet, is +very prolific in branches, and produces flowers abundantly from July to +September, which are succeeded by ripe seed-vessels and seeds.--As the +plant is easily propagated by cuttings, as well as by seeds, it will +soon become common to our greenhouses, though it is rather better suited +to the conservatory; if its blossoms, which have a great affinity to +those of the Foxglove, had more colour in them, the plant would be more +desirable: at some future period such may probably be obtained from +seeds. + +FOOTNOTE: + +[6] Observ. Quandoquidem Usteriæ nomen huic Generi à clar. Cavanilles, +qui primus id descripsit, impositum permanere non potest ut pote antea +ab illust. Wildenou alii Generi inditum; propterea illud D. Catharinæ +Pancratiæ Maurandy, lectissimæ feminæ, D. Augustini Juan, Reg. Botanic. +Horti Carthaginensis Professoris uxori, et Botanicorum laborum sociæ, +nuncupandum duxi; oblataque opportunitate usus plantam denuo recognovi, +et tum Characterem genericum, tum etiam descriptionem specificam ad +incudem revocans reformavi. + + + + +[461] + +[Illustration: Nº. 461] + +Jasminum Fruticans. Yellow Jasmine. + +_Class and Order._ + +Diandria Monogynia. + +_Generic Character._ + +_Cor._ 5-fida. _Bacca_ dicocca. _Sem._ arillata. _Antheræ_ intra tubum. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + JASMINUM _fruticans_ foliis alternis ternatis simplicibusque ramis + angulatis. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 56._ + + JASMINUM _fruticans_ foliis alternis ternatis foliolis obovatis + cuneiformibusque obtusis ramis angulatis laciniis calycinis + subulatis. _Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 9._ + + JASMINUM _luteum_, vulgo dictum bacciferum. _Bauh. Pin. 298._ + + POLEMONIUM sieu Trifolium fruticans. Shrubby Trefoil. _Ger. Herb. + p. 1129. f._ + +The Yellow Jasmine is often planted against walls, pales, &c. as the +branches are weak and slender and it will grow to be ten or twelve feet +high if thus supported; it may however be planted in shrubbery quarters, +to which it is better suited than the White Jasmine. The young shoots +are of a fine strong green colour, angular, and a little hairy. The +leaves are trifoliate, though sometimes they grow singly. They are +placed alternately on the branches, are of a thick consistence, smooth, +and of a fine deep green colour. These leaves in well-sheltered places +remain until the spring before they fall off, so that this plant may not +improperly be planted among the Evergreens, especially as the young +shoots are always of a strong green. The flowers are yellow, and do not +possess the fragrance of the common Jasmine. They are produced chiefly +in June, and the blow is soon over. They are succeeded by berries, +which when ripe are black, whence its name of Berry-bearing Jasmine. +Although this shrub possesses a certain stiffness, which gives it +somewhat the appearance of an artificial flower, yet the fine yellow +colour of its blossoms contrasts so well with the rich green of the +foliage, that in the flower-pot or bouquet it never fails to have a +conspicuous and pleasing effect. + +Is a native of the South of Europe and the Levant, was cultivated by Mr. +John Gerard, in 1597, and flowers from May to October. _Ait. Kew._ + +Is easily propagated by suckers or layers; as the flowers have no scent, +is not so much cultivated as formerly. _Miller's Dict._ + + + + +[462] + +[Illustration: Nº. 462] + +Anthemis Pyrethrum. Pellitory of Spain. + +_Class and Order._ + +Syngenesia Polygamia Superflua. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Recept._ paleaceum. _Pappus_ nullus. _Cal._ hemisphæricus, + subæqualis. _Flosculi_ radii plures quam 5. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + ANTHEMIS _Pyrethrum_ caulibus simplicibus unifloris decumbentibus + foliis pinnato multifidis. _Linn. Syst. Veget. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. + 776._ _Woodville's Medical Botany, p. 286._ + + CHAMÆMELUM specioso flore, radice longa fervida. _Shaw. Afr. 138._ + + PYRETHRUM flore bellidis. _Bauh. Pin. 148._ + +The Pellitory of Spain is more celebrated as an useful than an +ornamental plant, the root which is of a very hot and biting nature +being a common application for the cure of the tooth-ach; but, divested +of its utility as a medicinal plant, it merits a place in collections on +account of the beauty both of its foliage and flowers, the latter are +more handsome when in bud than when fully expanded, the underside of the +florets being of a fine purple colour, the upper pure white; it is +moreover a very rare plant in this country, notwithstanding it was +cultivated here so long since as 1570: Parkinson evidently grew it, as +he observes that the roots of the cultivated plant, were much larger +than those of the wild one; he tells us also, that it was too tender to +endure our winters: to the latter cause, as well as to the difficulty of +propagating it, for it does not ripen its seeds in this country, we may +attribute its present scarcity: Mr. Miller raised this plant in 1732, in +a very curious way, from seeds picked out from among raisins. + +In its place of growth it is not confined to Spain, but is found in the +Levant, Syria, Arabia, and elsewhere; flowers with us from May to July, +and may be increased by cuttings of the roots, a mode of propagating by +which we sometimes happily succeed with rare and valuable plants when +all others fail. + +It is a plant not very nice as to the quality of the soil in which it +grows, but must have a warm dry situation, will succeed very well in a +pot, or it may be planted in the open border; but especial care must be +taken to secure it against frost in the winter. + + + + +[463] + +[Illustration: Nº. 463] + +Epidendrum Ciliare. Fringed Epidendrum. + +_Class and Order._ + +Gynandria Diandria. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cor._ 6-petala. _Nectarium_ turbinatum, obliquum reflexum. _Caps._ + infera 1-locularis, 3-valvis, fenestrata. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + EPIDENDRUM _ciliare_ foliis oblongis aveniis, nectarii labio + tripartito ciliato: intermedia lineari, cauli bifolio. _Linn. Syst. + Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 818._ _Jacq. Amer. pict. p. 110. t. + 209._ + +Of this parasitical tribe the number of species described in the third +edition of the _Sp. Pl. Linn. 1764_, amounts to thirty; in Gmelin's +thirteenth edition of the _Syst. Nat. Linn. 1791_, no less than +seventy-five are enumerated, which is a vast accession in so short a +period; most of these are natives of hot climates, and on that account +require a stove heat in this country; from their nature also they +require a situation not to be exactly imitated, they are therefore to be +regarded as plants very difficult of culture, and we are not to be +surprised that three species only are enumerated in the _Hort. +Kew._--but, since the publication of that work, many others have been +added to the royal collection, and this among the rest. + +The rare and singular species here represented, a native of the warmer +parts of America, and the West-Indies, flowered with Mr. Whitley, +Nurseryman, Old-Brompton, in Feb. 1799, and at irregular periods before +that time; he informs me that it is not constant as to the time of its +blowing, and that though the plant flowers with him, it never assumes a +fine healthy green appearance, he propagates it by dividing its limbs or +branches, which often put forth small roots; the plant grows in a pot, +in a mixture of loam and peat or bog-earth, and is kept constantly +plunged in the tan-pit of the stove. + + + + +[464] + +[Illustration: Nº. 464] + +Sisyrinchium Gramineum. Grass-Leaved Sisyrinchium. + +_Class and Order._ + +Gynandria Triandria. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Spatha_ 2-phylla. _Petala_ 6-plana. _Caps._ 3-locularis infera + 3-valvis. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + SISYRINCHIUM _gramineum_ caule ancipiti lato, germinibus glabris. + + SISYRINCHIUM _angustifolium_ foliis lineari-gladiolatis, pedunculis + longioribus. _Mill. Dict._ + + SISYRINCHIUM _cæruleum_ parvum, gladiato caule, virginianum. _Pluk. + alm. 348. t. 61. f. 1._ + + BERMUDIANA graminea, flore minore cæruleo. _Dill. Elth. 49. t. 41. + f. 49._ + + GLADIOLUS cæruleus hexapetalus caule etiam gladiato. _Banist. virg. + 1926._ + +In a former Number of this Work, we gave a figure of the large variety +of _Sisyrinch. Bermud._ of _Linn._ regarding it as a distinct species, +and naming it _iridioides_, conformably to Dillenius's specific +description; we regret now that we did not continue to it the name of +_Bermudiana_ (it being the true Bermudas plant) and which cannot with +propriety be applied to the present species, a native of Virginia, far +more diminutive, with flowers much smaller, of a paler blue colour, a +much hardier plant also, and of more ready growth; it is indeed a truly +hardy perennial, adapted to the open border, in which it will grow +readily, and produce abundance of flowering stems in June and July; the +flowers expand to the sun, and are followed by numerous seed-vessels +which ripen their seeds, by which the plant may be increased, or by +parting its roots in the autumn. Its stalk affords an excellent example +of the _caulis anceps_. We readily embrace the opportunity here afforded +us of correcting an error in regard to the hardiness of the _Sisyrinch. +iridioides_, which we were led into partly by Miller's account, and +partly from observing the plant to survive a mild winter in the open +ground; we have since found that it is a tender plant, and to be ranked +with those of the greenhouse; an additional proof of its being a +distinct species from the one here figured, which has long[7] been +cultivated in our gardens. + +FOOTNOTE: + +[7] By Mr. Jacob Bobart, in 1693. _Ait. Kew._ + + + + +[465] + +[Illustration: Nº. 465] + +Indigofera Angustifolia. Narrow-Leaved Indigo. + +_Class and Order._ + +Diadelphia Decandria. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cal._ patens. _Cor._ carina, utrinque calcari subulato patulo. + _Legumen_ lineare. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + INDIGOFERA _angustifolia_ foliis pinnatis linearibus, racemis + elongatis, caule fruticoso. _Linn. Syst. Veget. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. + 678._ _Mant. 272._ _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 69._ + +This small, delicate, and rather elegant species of Indigo, to be found +in most collections of greenhouse plants near town, rises with an +upright, shrubby stem, to the height of several feet; its leaves, of a +lively green colour, are furnished with pinnæ, which are numerous and +unusually narrow, whence its name; its flowers, produced on long racemi +springing from the sides of the stem or branches, are of a singular dull +red colour, and rarely followed by seeds with us. + +It is a native of the Cape[8], from whence it was introduced by Mr. +Masson, in 1774; flowers from June to October, and is usually increased +by cuttings. + +There is a description of this species in the _Mantiss. Pl. Linn._ but +we know of no figure of it that has yet been published. + +FOOTNOTE: + +[8] _Ait. Kew._ + + + + +[466] + +[Illustration: Nº. 466] + +Calycanthus Præcox. Japan All-Spice. + +_Class and Order._ + +Icosandria Polygynia. + +_Generic Character._ + + _Cal._ 1-phyllus, urceolatus, squarrosus: foliolis coloratis. + _Cor._ calycina. _Styli_ plurimi, stigmati glanduloso. _Sem._ + plurima, caudata, intra calycem succulentum. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + CALYCANTHUS _præcox_ petalis interioribus minutis. _Linn. Sp. Pl. + ed. 3. p. 718._ _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 220. tab. x._ + + OBAI _s. Robai_. Jasminum flore pleno suavi foetido, fructu + turbinato, semine phascoli. _Kæmpf. Amæn. exot. p. 878._ + +The learned and instructive Kæmpfer in his _Amæn. Exot._ that vast fund +of most useful information, gives a figure of this plant, in which it is +represented both with flowers and seed-vessels, accompanied with a +description and short account of it; from which we learn that it is +cultivated in Japan as an ornamental plant, that the flowers are +produced in February, before the leaves, that they have the scent of the +violet, but become unpleasant on being long smelt to. + +Hearing that Lord Coventry was the first who possessed this plant in +England, I took the liberty of writing to his Lordship in January 1799, +to request some information on this point, as well as some others +relative to its culture, &c. On the 13th of the same month, his Lordship +had the goodness to send me a beautiful specimen of the plant in bloom, +a seedling plant one year old, together with a seed-vessel of the year +1798, and some seeds; in the Earl's letter is the following +passage:--"the beauty of the _Calycanthus præcox_ at this moment +surpasses all description, it is covered with blossoms from top to +bottom, and the fragrance of it may be perceived at the distance of +fifty yards from the conservatory." + +By his Lordship's direction, I received at the same time from his +Gardener, Mr. William Dean, the following information, in answer to my +queries:--"My Lord received the plant from China in 1766:--it was +planted in a conservatory, is now sixteen feet high, and expands ten +feet wide:--bears a succession of flowers from September to March:--the +time of its first blowing I cannot precisely ascertain, but believe it +to be nearly twenty years back:--it is propagated by layers, cuttings, +and seeds, the latter it produces most years at Croome, but I believe at +no other place in England:--there are plants of it at Croome six feet +high, in a warm situation in the open border, which have stood out +several years by being covered with a single mat in severe weather." + +Not expecting to receive a plant from Lord Coventry in bloom, our +drawing was made from one which flowered with Mr. Whitley, Nurseryman, +Old-Brompton, December 22, 1798, and which came originally from Croome, +his Lordship having presented most of the Nurserymen about town with +plants of it; the blossoms of that from Croome were somewhat larger than +those here represented, and the petals were less striped, indeed almost +wholly tinged with purple, the leaves also proceeded more from the +summit of the stalks and were of a much greener hue, owing no doubt to +its being kept in the conservatory, while Mr. Whitley's plant was tacked +to the outside of the bottom of the greenhouse. + +In the number of its stamina, which is rarely more than five, it does +not accord with the character of the class icosandria, nor do the seeds +agree with the generic character as described by Linnæus. + + + + +[467] + +[Illustration: Nº. 467] + +Dracocephalum Virginianum. Virginian Dragon's-Head. + +_Class and Order._ + +Didynamia Gymnospermia. + +_Generic Character._ + +_Cor._ faux inflata: labium superius fornicatum. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + DRACOCEPHALUM _virginianum_ foliis lineari-lanceolatis serratis, + floribus confertis. _Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 13. Gmel. p. 915._ + + DRACOCEPHALUM _virginianum_ floribus spicatis, foliis lanceolatis + serratis. _Linn. Syst. Veg. ed. 14. Murr. p. 543._ + + DRACOCEPHALUM _virginianum_ floribus spicatis confertis, foliis + lineari-lanceolatis serratis. _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 317._ + +This elegant species of _Dracocephalum_, a native of Virginia, and other +parts of North-America, is a hardy herbaceous plant, rising to the +height of about two feet, and producing numerous flowers in long spikes, +usually arranged on each side of the stalk. + +It comes near to the _denticulatum_ already figured, but differs in its +superior height, the form of its leaves, the number of its flowers, and +many other particulars. + +It flowers from July to September, and with me has generally ripened +much of its seed, from which it may be easily raised, as also by parting +of its roots in spring or autumn; it succeeds best in a moist situation, +and its stalks require to be carefully and timely sticked. + +Was cultivated as long since as 1683, by Mr. James Sutherland. + + + + +[468] + +[Illustration: Nº. 468] + +Oenothera Tetraptera. White-Flowered Oenothera. + +_Class and Order._ + +Octandria Monogynia. + +_Generic Character._ + +_Cal._ 4-fidus. _Petala 4._ _Caps._ cylindrica infera. _Sem._ nuda. + +_Specific Character and Synonyms._ + + OENOTHERA _tetraptera_ foliis lanceolatis, basi + pinnatifido-dentatis, capsulis pedicellatis obovatis quadrialatis. + _Linn. Sp. Pl. edit. Wildenou._ + + OENOTHERA foliis alternis subpinnatis crispis, flore mutabili + fructû tetraptero. _Cavanill. Icon. t. 3. p. 40. tab. 279._ + +Of this genus we have already figured six different species; this is +another newly discovered one, which, like most of its kind, displays its +beauties chiefly in the night. It is the only one, as far as we yet +know, that has white blossoms; these, when first expanded, are +beautifully so, but in the morning they change to a purple colour, fade, +and their place is supplied by a fresh succession. In this remarkable +change of colour, it bears some affinity to the _Oenothera anomala_, +which may be considered as strengthening our opinion that the latter +plant belongs to this genus rather than to that of _Gaura_. The +_Oenothera tetraptera_ is a native of Mexico, its duration as yet not +certainly ascertained, but may be treated as a tender annual; and such +plants as do not flower the first year, may be preserved under glasses +through the winter. It was raised from seeds sent by Mr. Donn, from +Cambridge; but was probably first introduced into this country from +seeds sent to the Marchioness of Bute, by Prof. Ortega, of Madrid. + + + + +INDEX. + + In which the Latin Names of the Plants contained in the _Thirteenth + Volume_ are alphabetically arranged. + + _Pl._ + 457 Alöe plicatilis. + 455 Alöe retusa. + 453 Amaryllis Reginæ. + 462 Anthemis Pyrethrum. + 441 Antholyza Merianella. + 458 Aristea cyanea. + 433 Azalea pontica. + 451 Blakea trinervia. + 466 Calycanthus præcox. + 444 Canarina Campanula. + 454 Canna indica. + 452 Cardamine trifolia. + 459 Convolvulus Cneorum. + 445 Coronilla Emerus. + 449 Dillenia speciosa. + 456 Diosma serratifolia. + 467 Dracocephalum virginianum. + 463 Epidendrum ciliare. + 440 Erica albens. + 447 Erica empetrifolia. + 443 Erica physodes. + 442 Genista linifolia. + 450 Gladiolus Watsonius. + 435 Gnaphalium ericoides. + 436 Hibiscus præmorsus. + 437 Hydrangea Arborescens. + 438 Hydrangea Hortensis. + 461 Jasminum fruticans. + 439 Illicium floridanum. + 465 Indigofera angustifolia. + 460 Maurandya semperflorens. + 448 Mesembryanthemum micans. + 468 Oenothera tetraptera. + 434 Oxybaphus viscosus. + 446 Psoralea bracteata. + 464 Sisyrinchium gramineum. + + + + +INDEX. + + In which the English Names of the Plants contained in the + _Thirteenth Volume_ are alphabetically arranged. + + _Pl._ + 466 Allspice, Japan. + 455 Aloe, cushion. + 457 Aloe, fan. + 441 Antholyza, dwarf. + 458 Aristea, grass-leaved. + 433 Azalea, yellow. + 444 Bell-flower, canary. + 459 Bindweed, silvery-leaved. + 451 Blakea, three-ribbed. + 442 Broom, flax-leaved. + 450 Corn-Flag, Watson's. + 452 Cuckow-Flower, three-leav'd. + 449 Dillenia, shewy. + 456 Diosma, serrated or saw-leaved. + 467 Dragon's Head, virginian. + 463 Epidendrum, fringed. + 448 Fig-Marygold, glittering. + 435 Gnaphalium or Everlasting, heath-leaved. + 447 Heath, crowberry-leaved. + 443 Heath, sticky-flowered. + 440 Heath, pallid. + 436 Hibiscus, bitten-leaved. + 438 Hydrangea, garden. + 437 Hydrangea, shrubby. + 461 Jasmine, yellow. + 439 Illicium, red-flowered or Aniseed tree. + 454 Indian Reed or Shot, common. + 465 Indigo, narrow-leaved. + 453 Lily, Mexican. + 460 Maurandya or Bastard Foxglove, climbing. + 468 Oenothera, white-flowered. + 462 Pellitory of Spain. + 446 Psoralea, oval-spiked. + 445 Senna, scorpion. + 464 Sisyrinchium, grass-leaved. + 434 Umbrella Wort, viscid. + +_London_: Printed by STEPHEN COUCHMAN, Throgmorton-Street. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Botanical Magazine, Vol. 13, by +William Curtis and John Sims + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43858 *** |