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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Woodstock, by Clarence Winthrop Bowen
-
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-
-Title: Woodstock
-       An historical sketch
-
-Author: Clarence Winthrop Bowen
-
-Release Date: September 24, 2013 [EBook #43810]
-
-Language: English
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WOODSTOCK ***
-
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-
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43810 ***
 
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+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43810 ***
diff --git a/43810-8.txt b/43810-8.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index d556418..0000000
--- a/43810-8.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2165 +0,0 @@
-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Woodstock, by Clarence Winthrop Bowen
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
-almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
-re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
-with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license
-
-
-Title: Woodstock
-       An historical sketch
-
-Author: Clarence Winthrop Bowen
-
-Release Date: September 24, 2013 [EBook #43810]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WOODSTOCK ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Turgut Dincer and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-produced from images generously made available by The
-Internet Archive)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-  WOODSTOCK
-
-  AN HISTORICAL SKETCH
-
-  BY
-
-  CLARENCE WINTHROP BOWEN, PH.D.
-
-  READ AT ROSELAND PARK, WOODSTOCK, CONNECTICUT, AT THE BI-CENTENNIAL
-  CELEBRATION OF THE TOWN, ON TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1886
-
-  NEW YORK & LONDON
-  G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
-  The Knickerbocker Press
-  1886
-
-  COPYRIGHT BY
-  CLARENCE WINTHROP BOWEN
-  1886
-
-  Press of
-  G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
-  New York
-
-
-As a full history of Woodstock has been in preparation for several
-years and will, it is hoped, be published in the course of another
-year, this brief sketch is issued as it was read at the Bi-Centennial
-Anniversary of the town.
-
-
-
-
-CONTENTS.
-
-
-                                                    PAGE
-
-     I. INTRODUCTION                                   7
-
-    II. THE SETTLEMENT OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY
-          AND OF ROXBURY                               8
-
-   III. THE NIPMUCK COUNTRY AND THE VISIT OF
-          JOHN ELIOT TO THE INDIANS AT WABBAQUASSET,
-          OR WOODSTOCK                                12
-
-    IV. THE SETTLEMENT OF NEW ROXBURY, OR
-          WOODSTOCK                                   20
-
-     V. THE CHANGE OF THE NAME OF NEW ROXBURY
-          TO WOODSTOCK                                28
-
-    VI. THE GROWTH OF THE NEW TOWNSHIP--1690-1731      32
-
-   VII. ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS                        36
-
-  VIII. THE TRANSFER OF WOODSTOCK FROM MASSACHUSETTS
-          TO CONNECTICUT                              43
-
-    IX. MILITARY RECORD                               46
-
-     X. EDUCATIONAL MATTERS                           53
-
-    XI. DISTINGUISHED CITIZENS                        55
-
-   XII. CHARACTERISTICS OF WOODSTOCK                  58
-
-  XIII. CONCLUSION                                    61
-
-        INDEX                                         63
-
-
-
-
-I.
-
-
-The history of the town of Woodstock is associated with the beginnings
-of history in New England. The ideas of the first settlers of Woodstock
-were the ideas of the first settlers of the Colony of Plymouth and
-the Province of Massachusetts Bay. The planting of these colonies
-was one of the fruits of the Reformation. The antagonism between the
-Established Church of England and the Non-Conformists led to the
-settlement of New England. The Puritans of Massachusetts, at first
-Non-Conformists, became Separatists like the Pilgrims of Plymouth.
-Pilgrims and Puritans alike accepted persecution and surrendered the
-comforts of home to obtain religious liberty. They found it in New
-England; and here, more quickly than in the mother country, they
-developed also that civil liberty which is now the birthright of every
-Anglo-Saxon.
-
-
-II.
-
-The settlement of Woodstock is intimately connected with the first
-organized settlement on Massachusetts Bay; and how our mother town
-of Roxbury was first established is best told in the words of Thomas
-Dudley in his letter to the Countess of Lincoln under date of Boston,
-March 12, 1630-1:
-
-    "About the year 1627 some friends, being together in Lincolnshire,
-    fell into discourse about New England and the planting of the
-    gospel there. In 1628 we procured a patent from his Majesty for
-    our planting between the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River on
-    the South and the River of Merrimack on the North and three miles
-    on either side of those rivers and bay ... and the same year we
-    sent Mr. John Endicott and some with him to begin a plantation. In
-    1629 we sent divers ships over with about three hundred people. Mr.
-    Winthrop, of Suffolk (who was well known in his own country and
-    well approved here for his piety, liberality, wisdom, and gravity),
-    coming in to us we came to such resolution that in April, 1630, we
-    set sail from Old England.... We were forced to change counsel,
-    and, for our present shelter, to plant dispersedly."
-
-Settlements were accordingly made at Salem, Charlestown, Boston,
-Medford, Watertown, and in several other localities. The sixth
-settlement was made, to quote further from the same letter to the
-Countess of Lincoln, by "others of us two miles from Boston, in a place
-we named Rocksbury."[1]
-
-The date of settlement was September 28, 1630, and just three weeks
-later the first General Court that ever sat in America was held in
-Boston. The same year the first church in Boston was organized.[2]
-Roxbury, like the other settlements of Massachusetts Bay, was a little
-republic in itself. The people chose the selectmen and governed
-themselves; and as early as 1634, like the seven other organized towns,
-they sent three deputies to Boston to attend the first representative
-Assembly at which important business was transacted. The government
-of Roxbury, like the other plantations, was founded on a theocratic
-basis. Church and state were inseparable. No one could be admitted
-as a citizen unless he was a member of the church. Many of the first
-settlers came from Nazing, a small village in England, about twenty
-miles from London, on the river Lee. Morris, Ruggles, Payson, and
-Peacock, names read in the earliest records of Woodstock, were old
-family names in Nazing. Other first inhabitants of Roxbury came from
-Wales and the west of England, or London and its vicinity. Among the
-founders were John Johnson, Richard Bugbee, and John Leavens, whose
-family names are well known as among the first settlers of Woodstock.
-All were men of property[3]; none were "of the poorer sort." In 1631
-the Rev. John Eliot, a native of the village of Nazing, arrived with a
-company of Nazing pilgrims. Eliot, though earnestly solicited to become
-pastor of the church in Boston,[4] accepted the charge of the church
-in Roxbury, which was organized in 1632,[5] and was the sixth church,
-in order of time, established in New England. Another name equally
-prominent in the earliest years of the history of Roxbury was that of
-William Pynchon, afterwards known as the founder of Springfield in
-Massachusetts. Only Boston excels Roxbury in the number of its citizens
-who have made illustrious the early history of the Massachusetts
-colony.[6] Among the early settlers of Roxbury who themselves became,
-or whose descendants became, the early settlers of Woodstock, were the
-Bartholomews, Bowens, Bugbees, Chandlers, Childs, Corbins, Crafts,
-Griggses, Gareys, Holmeses, Johnsons, Lyons, Levinses, Mays, Morrises,
-Paysons, Peacocks, Peakes, Perrins, Scarboroughs, and Williamses.[7]
-
-In 1643 the towns within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts had grown
-to thirty, and Roxbury did more than her share towards the organization
-of the new towns. In fact, Roxbury has been called the mother of
-towns, no less than fifteen communities having been founded by her
-citizens.[8] Among the most important of these settlements was the town
-of Woodstock, whose Bicentennial we this day celebrate.
-
-
-III.
-
-A glance at the country about us previous to the settlement of the
-town, in 1686, shows us a land sparsely inhabited by small bands of
-peaceful Indians, without an independent chief of their own, but who
-paid tribute to the Sachem of the Mohegans, the warriors who had
-revolted from the Pequots. Woodstock was a portion of the Nipmuck[9]
-country, so-called because it contained fresh ponds or lakes in
-contrast to other sections that bordered upon the sea or along running
-rivers. Wabbaquasset, or the mat-producing place, was the name of the
-principal Indian village, and that name still exists in the corrupted
-form of Quasset to designate a section of the town. Indians from
-the Nipmuck[10] country took corn to Boston in 1630, soon after the
-arrival of the "Bay Colony"; and in 1633[11] John Oldman and his three
-Dorchester companions passed through this same section on their way to
-learn something of the Connecticut River country; and they may have
-rested on yonder "Plaine Hill," for history states that they "lodged
-at Indians towns all the way."[12] The old "Connecticut Path" over
-which that distinguished band[13] of colonists went in 1635 and 1636 to
-settle the towns of Windsor, Wethersfield, and Hartford, passed through
-the heart of what is now Woodstock.[14] This path so famous in the
-early days of New England history, came out of Thompson Woods, a little
-north of Woodstock Lake, and proceeding across the Senexet meadow, ran
-west near Plaine Hill, Marcy's Hill, and a little south of the base of
-Coatney Hill. For more than fifty years before the settlement of the
-town, this historic path near Woodstock Hill was the outlet for the
-surplus population of Massachusetts Bay and the line of communication
-between Massachusetts and the Connecticut and New Haven colonies.
-But the most noteworthy feature in the description of the Indians of
-the Nipmuck country is that as early as 1670 they were formed into
-Praying Villages. Evidently the instructions of Gov. Cradock in his
-letter of March, 1629, to John Endicott had not been forgotten. In that
-letter he said: "Be not unmindful of the main end of our plantation
-by endeavoring to bring the Indians to the knowledge of the gospel."
-In the heart of one man at least that idea was paramount. John Eliot,
-the Apostle to the Indians, was not content to be simply the pastor of
-the church of Roxbury for nearly sixty years. Amid his countless other
-labors he preached the gospel to the Indians of the Nipmuck country.
-The first Indian church in America had been established by him at
-Natick in 1651; and, in 1674, he visited the Indian villages in the
-wild territory about these very hills. As he found it, to quote his own
-words,[15] "absolutely necessary to carry on civility with religion,"
-he was accompanied by Major Daniel Gookin, who had been appointed, in
-1656, magistrate of all the Indian towns. Maanexit was first visited
-on the Mohegan or Quinebaug River, near what is now New Boston, where
-Eliot preached to the natives, using as his text the seventh verse of
-the twenty-fourth Psalm: "Lift up your heads, O ye gates; and be ye
-lift up, ye everlasting doors; and the king of glory shall come in."
-
-Quinnatisset, on what is now Thompson Hill, was the name of another
-Praying Town. But a quotation[16] from the homely narrative of Major
-Gookin is the best description of Eliot's memorable visit to Woodstock:
-
-    "We went not to it [Quinnatisset], being straitened for time, but
-    we spake with some of the principal people at Wabquissit.[17] ...
-    Wabquissit ... lieth about nine or ten miles from Maanexit, upon
-    the west side, six miles of Mohegan River, and is distant from
-    Boston west and by south, about seventy-two miles. It lieth about
-    four miles within the Massachusetts south line. It hath about
-    thirty families, and one hundred and fifty souls. It is situated in
-    a very rich soil, manifested by the goodly crop of Indian corn then
-    newly ingathered, not less than forty bushels upon an acre. We came
-    thither late in the evening upon the 15th of September, and took
-    up our quarters at the sagamore's wigwam, who was not at home: but
-    his squaw courteously admitted us, and provided liberally, in their
-    way, for the Indians that accompanied us. This sagamore inclines to
-    religion, and keeps the meeting on sabbath days at his house, which
-    is spacious, about sixty feet in length and twenty feet in width.
-    The teacher of this place is named Sampson; an active and ingenious
-    person. He speaks good English and reads well. He is brother
-    unto Joseph, before named, teacher at Chabanakougkomun[18] ...
-    being both hopeful, pious, and active men; especially the younger
-    before-named Sampson, teacher at Wabquissit, who was, a few years
-    since, a dissolute person, and I have been forced to be severe
-    in punishing him for his misdemeanors formerly. But now he is,
-    through grace, changed and become sober and pious; and he is now
-    very thankful to me for the discipline formerly exercised towards
-    him. And besides his flagitious life heretofore, he lived very
-    uncomfortably with his wife; but now they live very well together,
-    I confess this story is a digression. But because it tendeth to
-    magnify grace, and that to a prodigal, and to declare how God
-    remembers his covenant unto the children of such as are faithful
-    and zealous for him in their time and generation, I have mentioned
-    it.
-
-    "We being at Wabquissit, at the sagamore's wigwam, divers of the
-    principal people that were at home came to us, with whom we spent a
-    good part of the night in prayer, singing psalms, and exhortations.
-    There was a person among them, who, sitting mute a great space, at
-    last spake to this effect: That he was agent for Unkas, Sachem of
-    Mohegan, who challenged right to, and dominion over, this people of
-    Wabquissit. And said he, Unkas is not well pleased that the English
-    should pass over Mohegan River to call his Indians to pray to God.
-    Upon which speech Mr. Eliot first answered, that it was his work to
-    call upon all men everywhere, as he had opportunity, especially the
-    Indians, to repent and embrace the gospel; but he did not meddle
-    with civil right or jurisdiction. When he had done speaking, then I
-    declared to him, and desired him to inform Unkas what I said, that
-    Wabquissit was within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, and that
-    the government of that people did belong to them; and that they do
-    look upon themselves concerned to promote the good of all people
-    within their limits, especially if they embraced Christianity. Yet
-    it was not hereby intended to abridge the Indian sachems of their
-    just and ancient right over the Indians, in respect of paying
-    tribute or any other dues. But the main design of the English was
-    to bring them to the good knowledge of God in Christ Jesus; and to
-    suppress among them those sins of drunkenness, idolatry, powowing
-    or witchcraft, whoredom, murder, and like sins. As for the English,
-    they had taken no tribute from them, nor taxed them with any thing
-    of the kind.
-
-    "Upon the 16th day of September[19] being at Wabquissit, as soon
-    as the people were come together, Mr. Eliot first prayed, and then
-    preached to them, in their own language, out of Mat. vi., 33:
-    _First seek the kingdom of heaven and the righteousness thereof,
-    and all these things shall be added unto you._ Their teacher,
-    Sampson, first reading and setting the cxix. Ps., 1st part, which
-    was sung. The exercise was concluded with prayer.
-
-    "Then I began a Court among the Indians, and first I approved
-    their teacher, Sampson, and their constable, Black James,[20]
-    giving each of them a charge to be diligent and faithful in their
-    places. Also I exhorted the people to yield obedience to the
-    gospel of Christ and to those set in order there. Then published
-    a warrant or order, that I had prepared, empowering the constable
-    to suppress drunkenness, Sabbath breaking, especially powowing and
-    idolatry. And, after warning given, to apprehend all delinquents
-    and bring them before authority to answer for their misdoings; the
-    smaller faults to bring before Watasacompamun, ruler of the Nipmuck
-    country; for idolatry and powowing to bring them before me: So we
-    took leave of this people of Wabquissit, and about eleven o'clock
-    returned back to Maanexit and Chabanakougkomun, where we lodged
-    this night."
-
-History fails to locate the spot where John Eliot's sermon to the
-Indians of Woodstock was delivered, but tradition points to "Pulpit
-Rock," so-called, under the aged chestnut trees of the McClellan farm
-near the "Old Hall"[21] road.
-
-But Eliot's good work in the Nipmuck country was destroyed when King
-Philip's war broke out in 1675. In August of that year a company of
-Providence men journeyed as far as Wabbaquasset, thinking that possibly
-King Philip himself had escaped thither.[22] They found an Indian fort
-a mile or two west of Woodstock Hill, but no Indians. A party from
-Norwich in June of the following year also found deserted Wabbaquasset
-and the other Praying Villages. Desolation and devastation followed
-the disappearance of the Red Man. The Nipmuck country became more a
-wilderness than ever, forsaken of its aboriginal inhabitants whose
-barbaric tenure could not stand against a superior civilization.
-
-    "Forgotten race, farewell! Your haunts we tread,
-    Our mighty rivers speak your words of yore,
-    Our mountains wear them on their misty head,
-    Our sounding cataracts hurl them to the shore;
-    But on the lake your flashing oar is still,
-    Hush'd is your hunter's cry on dale and hill,
-    Your arrow stays the eagle's flight no more,
-    And ye, like troubled shadows, sink to rest
-    In unremember'd tombs, unpitied and unbless'd."[23]
-
-
-IV.
-
-The time had now arrived for the white man to make a settlement at
-Wabbaquasset. In May, of 1681, the General Court of Massachusetts
-Bay had given to William Stoughton and Joseph Dudley the care of
-the Nipmuck country, with power to ascertain the titles belonging
-to the Indians and others, and a meeting of the claimants was held
-the following month at Cambridge, at which John Eliot rendered much
-assistance as interpreter. Dudley and Stoughton purchased all the
-claims, and the following year,[24] the whole Nipmuck country became
-the property of Massachusetts Bay. Jurisdiction over the country had
-already been claimed, under the terms of the Massachusetts charter.
-Many of the inhabitants of the town of Roxbury now felt that they could
-improve their condition and increase their usefulness by forming a
-settlement in some desirable portion of the new country. Undoubtedly
-their pastor, John Eliot, had told them of the beauty and fertility
-of the country about the Praying Villages of Maanexit, Quinnatisset,
-and Wabbaquasset.[25] Town meetings to arrange for a new settlement,
-were held in Roxbury in October of 1683.[26] A petition was signed,
-by a number of representative citizens of the town, asking that the
-General Court might grant to them a tract seven miles square about
-Quinnatisset, in the Nipmuck country. All save six of the thirty-six
-who signed this petition, afterwards became settlers of the new town,
-and of the five selectmen of Roxbury who presented the petition to
-the General Court, three[27] represented families prominent in the
-early history of Woodstock. The General Court at once granted[28]
-the petition provided the grant should not fall within a section to
-be reserved for Messrs Stoughton and Dudley, and Major Thompson, and
-provided also that thirty families should be settled on the plantation
-within three years from the following June, "and mainteyne amongst
-them an able, orthodox, godly minister."[29] In 1684 Roxbury accepted
-the terms of the General Court, and sent Samuel and John Ruggles,
-John Curtis, and Edward Morris, as a committee of four, to "view the
-wilderness and find a convenient place."
-
-As Quinnatisset had been in part already granted, the committee
-reported[30] a territory "commodiose" for settlement at "Seneksuk and
-Wapagusset and the lands ajasiant." A committee was therefore appointed
-to draw up an agreement for the "goers," as they were called, to sign.
-In 1685,[31] in answer to the petition of Edward Morris, deputy in
-behalf of the town of Roxbury, the General Court extended the limit
-of the time of settlement from June 10, 1687, to Jan. 31, 1688, and
-granted freedom from rates up to that time.[32] At town meetings held
-in Roxbury, during the same year, it was arranged that one half of
-the grant should belong to the new settlers and one hundred pounds in
-money be given to them in instalments of twenty pounds a year, and the
-other half of the grant should belong to "the stayers" in consideration
-of the aid given "the goers." The southern half of the grant was the
-portion subsequently occupied by "the goers." Actual possession,
-however, was not taken until April of the following year. On the second
-page of the cover of the old and musty first volume of records of the
-proprietors of New Roxbury, afterwards called Woodstock, are these
-words:
-
-    "April 5, 1686.
-
-    "These are the thirteen who were sent out to spy out Woodstock as
-    planters and to take actual posession: Jonathan Smithers, John
-    Frissell, Nathaniel Garey, John Marcy, Benjamin Griggs, John Lord,
-    Benjamin Sabin, Henry Bowen, Matthew Davis, Thomas Bacon, Peter
-    Aspinwall, George Griggs, and Ebenezer Morris."
-
-These thirteen planters, or the "Old Thirteen" as they have always been
-called, were visited in May or June[33] by a committee who had been
-appointed to ascertain the bounds of the grant. The last meeting of the
-"goers to settle" was held in Roxbury, July 21st; their first meeting
-in New Roxbury was held August 25th. A committee of seven, consisting
-of Joseph Griggs, Edward Morris, Henry Bowen, Sr., John Chandler, Sr.,
-Samuel Craft, Samuel Scarborough, and Jonathan Smithers, having been
-appointed to make needful arrangements preliminary to the drawing of
-home lots, that drawing took place on the twenty-eighth of August,
-or, by the new style of reckoning time, exactly two hundred years ago
-to-day.
-
-Say the old records: "After solemn prayer to God, who is the Disposer
-of all things, they drew lots according to the agreement, every man
-being satisfied and contented with God's disposing." Would that the
-words of that prayer and the picture of that scene could to-day be
-reproduced! Surely the spirit of the Puritans of 1630 was the spirit
-of that band of pilgrims in 1686 on yonder hill. These are the honored
-names of the first settlers: Thomas and Joseph Bacon, James Corbin,
-Benjamin Sabin, Henry Bowen, Thomas Lyon, Ebenezer Morris, Matthew
-Davis, William Lyon, Sr., John Chandler, Sr., Peter Aspinwall, John
-Frizzel, Joseph Frizzel, Jonathan Smithers, John Butcher, Jonathan
-Davis, Jonathan Peake, Nathaniel Garey, John Bowen, Nathaniel Johnson,
-John Hubbard, George Griggs, Benjamin Griggs, William Lyon, Jr., John
-Leavens, Nathaniel Sanger, Samuel Scarborough, Samuel Craft, Samuel
-May, Joseph Bugbee, Samuel Peacock, Arthur Humphrey, John Bugbee, Jr.,
-Andrew Watkins, John Marcy, Edward Morris, Joseph Peake, John Holmes,
-and John Chandler, Jr.
-
-Of that list of thirty-nine,[34] Benjamin Sabin, Nathaniel Sanger,
-Nathaniel Garey, John Hubbard, Matthew Davis, and George Griggs
-afterwards moved to Pomfret; Peter Aspinwall and his step-sons, the
-sons of John Leavens, went to Killingby; and Arthur Humphrey and others
-became the first settlers of Ashford. A few returned to Roxbury. But
-a large share of the original settlers lived and died in Woodstock,
-including Edward and Ebenezer Morris, Jonathan and Joseph Peake, James
-Corbin, Thomas and Joseph Bacon, Henry Bowen, William and Thomas Lyon,
-John Chandler, Sr., and John Chandler, Jr., John Butcher, Nathaniel
-Johnson, Joseph and John Bugbee, John Marcy, John Holmes, and perhaps
-a few others. As an illustration of the ages of the pioneers in 1686,
-it may be mentioned that Benjamin Griggs was nineteen; Joseph Bacon
-and Andrew Watkins, twenty; John Bugbee, John Chandler, Jr., James
-Corbin, and Jonathan Davis, twenty-one; Peter Aspinwall, Matthew Davis,
-John Frizzel, and Lieut. Ebenezer Morris, twenty-two; John Butcher and
-Nathaniel Garey, twenty-three; John Bowen and John Marcy, twenty-four;
-George Griggs, John Holmes, and Samuel May, twenty-five; Thomas Bacon,
-twenty-eight; Samuel Peacock, twenty-nine; William Lyon, Jr., and
-Nathaniel Sanger, thirty-four; Thomas Lyon, thirty-eight; Nathaniel
-Johnson, thirty-nine; Benjamin Sabin and Samuel Scarborough, forty;
-Joseph Peake, forty-one; Joseph Bugbee and John Leavens, forty-six;
-Samuel Craft and Jonathan Peake,[35] forty-nine; Deacon John Chandler,
-fifty-one; Lieut. Henry Bowen, fifty-three; Edward Morris, fifty-six;
-and William Lyon Sr., sixty-five.[36]
-
-The first one of the thirty-nine to die was Lieut. Edward Morris,
-whose gravestone bears the date of 1689, the oldest in the county.[37]
-The last one of the thirty-nine to die was Thomas Bacon, who lived
-to be ninety-six years of age. To show the extreme ages of some of
-the Woodstock people, it may here be said that Paraclete Skinner, now
-living, remembers Deacon Jedediah Morse, who died in 1819 at the age
-of ninety-three, and Deacon Morse was seventeen years old when Col.
-John Chandler, a first settler, was living; and thirty-two years of
-age the year that Thomas Bacon, another first settler, died. That is,
-an inhabitant of this town remembers one who knew some of the first
-settlers of Woodstock. Lieut. Henry Bowen, one of the first settlers,
-attained the age of ninety. Deacon Morse's grandmother, who came in
-April of 1687 to Woodstock with her husband Jonathan Peake, Jr.,[38]
-likewise lived to be ninety, lacking twelve days. One of the oldest
-persons that ever lived in Woodstock was Sarah, the daughter of
-Jonathan Peake, Jr., and the mother of Deacon Morse, who reached the
-age of ninety-nine, lacking forty-four days, and who had about her
-while living three hundred and nineteen descendants.[39] The combined
-ages of Thomas Bacon, Sarah Morse, and Paraclete Skinner is now two
-hundred and eighty years. Time alone can tell to what figure their
-combined ages may attain!
-
-But what a small number in that list of first settlers have descendants
-bearing the same family name among the citizens of Woodstock to-day!
-Only James Corbin, William Lyon, John Chandler, Nathaniel Johnson,
-Benjamin Griggs, Henry Bowen, Joseph Bugbee, Nathaniel Sanger, and John
-Marcy! But Woodstock is proud to own among the descendants of the first
-settlers influential and honored citizens of many towns and cities, and
-some of them, I rejoice to say are here to-day.
-
-The first settlers of Woodstock had the right stuff in them to succeed.
-After the home-lots were chosen highways were laid out, a grist-mill
-and saw-mill built, bridges constructed, new inhabitants brought in,
-and every thing possible was done to make the settlement permanent. A
-general meeting of the inhabitants was held July 2, 1687, when "John
-Chandler, Sr., Nathaniel Johnson, Joseph Bugbee, James White, and James
-Peake, were chosen to order the prudential affairs of the place as
-selectmen, for the year ensuing."
-
-
-V.
-
-An effort was now made to get a confirmation of the grant occupied
-by the new settlers, but as long as Sir Edmund Andros was the Royal
-Governor of the Province, it was impossible. A delay ensued until
-William and Mary became sovereigns of Great Britain. The new settlers
-had not yet an organized town government. The settlement, like the
-first settlements in Windsor and Hartford, received its name from the
-mother town.[40] But the New Roxbury people wished to have a name
-of their own and a town of their own. At the beginning of the year
-1690 they chose a committee of three to petition the General Court to
-substitute a new name for that of New Roxbury. The committee at once
-conferred with the mother town, for on Jan. 13, 1690, Roxbury held
-a town meeting at which it was voted to request the General Court
-to allow the settlement in the Nipmuck country to become a town,
-to confirm the grant and to give a suitable name. The New Roxbury
-committee pressed their claims, and on March 18, 1690, the General
-Court confirmed the grant and voted that the name of the plantation
-be Woodstock. We owe the name of Woodstock to Capt. Samuel Sewell[41]
-who was Chief-Justice of Massachusetts from 1718 to 1728. He has been
-called "a typical Puritan" and "the Pepys of New England,"--the man who
-judged the witches of Salem and afterwards repented of it.[42] In 1690,
-when Count Frontenac's[43] forces were coming down from Canada upon
-the settlements of the United Colonies, and Massachusetts determined
-to ask the help of Connecticut in protecting the upper towns on the
-Connecticut River, Captain Sewell rode past Woodstock on his way to
-Connecticut. He was no doubt on business of state, being one of the
-Governor's Counsellors, and one of a Committee of Seven of the Council
-with the same power as the Council to arrange "for setting forth the
-forces."[44] The proximity of New Roxbury to Oxford in Massachusetts
-suggested to him, he tells us, the name of a famous place near old
-Oxford in England.
-
-In his Diary of March 18, 1689/90, Capt. Sewell, says:
-
-    "I gave New Roxbury the name of Woodstock, because of its nearness
-    to Oxford, for the sake of Queen Elizabeth, and the notable
-    meetings that have been held at the place bearing that name in
-    England, some of which Dr. Gilbert[45] informed me of when in
-    England. It stands on a Hill. I saw it as I [went] to Coventry, but
-    left it on the left hand. Some told Capt. Ruggles[46] that I gave
-    the name and put words in his mouth to desire of me a Bell for the
-    Town."[47]
-
-Though Judge Sewell, years after his first visit had social
-relations[48] with some of the inhabitants of Woodstock, there is
-no evidence to show that he ever gave a bell to the town or to the
-church.[49] But he gave us something better, a good name,--the name of
-Woodstock, associated with the memories of Saxon and Norman Kings, the
-spot where King Alfred translated "The Consolations of Philosophy,"
-by Boethius, the birthplace of the poet Chaucer, the prison of
-Queen Elizabeth.[50] History and romance[51] have made illustrious
-the names of Woodstock and Woodstock Park, and "the notable meetings"
-spoken of by Judge Sewell as having taken place in Old England have
-been transferred to the settlement in New England. Surely the name of
-Woodstock, as applied to the little village of New Roxbury, has proved
-to be no misnomer.
-
-It should be said that the western part of the town, when it became
-a settlement years after, revived the old name of New Roxbury. The
-church in West Woodstock belonged to what was called the Parish of New
-Roxbury, or the Second Precinct of Woodstock.[52]
-
-
-VI.
-
-The most pressing duty for our ancestors to perform, after securing
-a name and legalized status for the town, was the settlement of "an
-able, orthodox, godly minister." The Rev. Josiah Dwight, a graduate of
-Harvard College in the class of 1687, received the appointment, and
-was installed October 17, 1690, receiving �40 the first year, �50 the
-second, and �60 the third year and thereafter. It was with difficulty,
-however, that these sums were paid, and when, some years after, the
-account was settled by the payment of what was due, he gave a receipt
-in full "from the beginning of the world to May 6, 1696." A home lot
-was allowed Mr. Dwight according to the original drawing of lots, and
-arrangements were made to build a home for him immediately after his
-settlement. The following year,[53] it was determined to construct a
-house of worship, which was completed early[54] in 1694. This was the
-first meeting-house in Windham County, and here gathered, on Sabbath
-days, the settlers from miles around. The people of Pomfret attended
-church in this rude structure until 1715, when their own society was
-organized.
-
-The officers of the new town elected in 1690[55] were John Chandler,
-Sr., William Bartholomew, Benjamin Sabin, John Leavens, and Joseph
-Bugbee, as selectmen, and John Chandler, Jr., as town clerk. All
-of those men to-day have descendants in Woodstock or its immediate
-vicinity. At that time, the men of Woodstock imposed a fine of one and
-six pence upon every one who failed to attend the town meeting, and six
-pence an hour for tardiness. Disputes regarding titles to land, and the
-boundary line dividing the north half of the town, and disputes with
-the mother-town regarding this northern half, which belonged to Roxbury
-according to the terms of the grant, were vexatious, and not in every
-respect creditable to Woodstock. But Roxbury's interest in the northern
-half of Woodstock continued till 1797, when the lands had all been sold
-or become individual property. Large tracts, however, were held by
-Roxbury and Woodstock speculators for many years afterward.
-
-Troubles with the Indians, who returned to their old hunting and
-fishing haunts after the settlement of the town, broke out in 1696,[56]
-and again in 1700 and 1704, and even as late as 1724. When a war broke
-out abroad, there was trouble with the Indians at home. When an Indian
-outbreak was threatened, the town received some military assistance
-from the colony government. Such threatened outbreaks retarded the
-progress of the settlement.
-
-After discussing the question for several years, the town determined,
-in 1719,[57] to erect a new meeting-house near the burying-ground,
-instead of at the south end of the village, where the old building
-stood, yet so straitened were the people in their circumstances that
-they applied to the General Court in Boston, requesting that the
-unoccupied lands of the residents and non-residents of the town be
-taxed to the extent of �250, to be applied to the building of a church.
-As the non-residents' lands were almost entirely in the north half of
-the grant, and belonged to Roxbury people, Roxbury stoutly opposed
-the tax in a memorial to the General Court. When the General Court
-refused the petition, Woodstock asked to be excused from sending her
-representative to Boston. The town's representative at this time, in
-fact the first and only representative for many years, was Captain John
-Chandler, who, like his father Deacon John Chandler, was one of the
-first settlers. He surveyed lands in Woodstock and neighboring towns,
-and owned large tracts of territory in Connecticut and Massachusetts.
-To avoid the necessity of sending to Boston to have deeds recorded
-and wills proven, Captain Chandler tried to get the consent of the
-General Court in 1720 for the formation of a new county, to be called
-Worcester County, of which Woodstock should be a part, but a delay
-ensued until 1731, when Captain, now Colonel, Chandler was successful.
-Woodstock became one of the most prominent towns of Worcester County,
-and John Chandler was made Chief-Justice of the Court of Common Pleas
-and General Sessions.[58]
-
-
-VII.
-
-Ecclesiastical affairs have been so interwoven with town affairs,
-that it is impossible to give a sketch of Woodstock without giving a
-history of the churches. It may, however, be done briefly, as others
-have been appointed to speak specially for the different church
-organizations of the town. Though the first minister, the Rev. Josiah
-Dwight, was of the "Standing Order," so-called, and believed in the
-Cambridge platform, yet he was suspected of theological looseness and,
-besides many idiosyncrasies, was accused of "speculating in the wild
-lands of Killingly." The first settlers had no end of trouble with
-him, especially regarding money matters, and he was finally removed
-September 3, 1726. The next regular minister was Rev. Amos Throop,
-who was installed May 24, 1727. Like Mr. Dwight, he was a graduate
-of Harvard College, and came to Woodstock at the age of twenty-five.
-Naturally he found fault when the town attempted to pay him his salary
-in the depreciated currency of the time. But the eight years of his
-ministry endeared him to the settlement, and his sudden death in
-1735[59] was keenly felt by his parishioners. The town assumed the
-expense of his gravestone, upon which may be read these words:
-
-    "O cruel death, to snatch from us below,
-      One fit to live within the spheres on high;
-    But since the great Creator orders so,
-      Here at his feet he doth submissive lie."
-
-During the pastorate of Mr. Throop the western part of the town[60]
-had received some settlers, mostly the sons of Woodstock's first
-settlers. In 1727 Joshua Chandler took possession of some land that had
-been given him by his father, Col. John Chandler, and representatives
-of the families of Child, Corbin, Lyon, Aspinwall, Bugbee, Morris,
-Marcy, Morse, Payson, Perrin, Johnson, Frizzel, Griggs, and Paine soon
-followed. In 1733[61] the town arranged to have a school-house built
-in this part of the town, and, the settlers increasing, West Parish
-desired[62] to have religious services of its own for four months of
-the year at the expense of the whole town. This request, it was argued,
-was only fair, inasmuch as the western half was obliged to contribute
-to the support of the Church on the Hill. But the town refused[63] to
-assume any of the charges. After trying the experiment for two winters,
-the West Parish people found the expense of supporting both ministers
-to be too great a burden, and they therefore again asked[64] the help
-of the town, and were refused. They still persisted, and petitioned[65]
-that the western half might be formed into a distinct township. Town
-meetings were held, and at last permission was given[66] them to
-address the General Court in Boston on the subject. But their petition
-to the General Court was dismissed. The West Woodstock people, however,
-insisted on the formation of a parish where they could worship God
-in their own fashion, and not be obliged to aid any church outside
-of their parish. They were willing to give up all idea of a town of
-their own. This modified request was now made to the town[67] and to
-the General Court.[68] The General Court complied by passing an act in
-1743,[69] incorporating the district as "The West Parish of Woodstock."
-A meeting was at once held,[70] at which it was determined to survey
-the line dividing the two portions of the town. West Parish was now
-called by the old name of New Roxbury. These acts were afterwards
-approved by the General Assembly of Connecticut when Woodstock withdrew
-from under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts.[71] In 1747 Rev. Stephen
-Williams was ordained pastor.
-
-The church[72] on the Hill was under the pastorate of Rev. Abel S.
-Stiles, who had been ordained in 1737.[73] But the fact that Mr.
-Stiles was a graduate of Yale College[74] instead of Harvard, as his
-two predecessors had been, and his family connections[75] were all
-with Connecticut, his parishioners were led to believe that he would
-favor the "Saybrook Platform" of faith, rather than the "Cambridge
-Platform," and if there was one thing our ancestors abhorred quite as
-much as Episcopacy or popery it was the "Saybrook Platform." To be
-tainted with that form of faith, as was the case with Mr. Stiles after
-his settlement in Woodstock, was heresy indeed, and Woodstock was
-determined, according to her grant of 1683, to have none other but an
-"able, orthodox, godly minister." Instead of attending the Association
-of Ministers in Massachusetts, Mr. Stiles preferred the meetings of the
-Windham County Association in Connecticut, and when Woodstock became a
-part of Connecticut the troubles with Mr. Stiles increased. Councils
-were held. Pastor and parishioners tried to discipline each other.
-The General Assembly of Connecticut was appealed to. Threats--even
-violence was resorted to. But without going into the details of this
-long-protracted struggle, let it be said that there were two parties
-in the controversy, one side sympathizing with Mr. Stiles in his more
-liberal theological views, and the other side at first insisting
-on a minister who should conform in all respects to the "Standing
-Order," and afterwards opposed to Mr. Stiles personally as well as
-theologically. The Stiles party had favored, while the anti-Stiles
-party had opposed, the annexation of Woodstock to Connecticut. The
-result of the quarrel was a break in the church in 1760. The North
-Society was constituted by act[76] of the General Assembly, and Mr.
-Stiles and his followers went to Muddy Brook. Thus was formed the Third
-Congregational Church of Woodstock, and here Mr. Stiles continued to
-preach until his death in 1783.[77] When it was determined in 1831,
-by the church in East Woodstock, to build a new meeting-house on the
-spot of the old one erected in 1767, the people in Village Corners
-objected to the location and formed a society of their own--the Fourth
-Congregational Church of Woodstock.
-
-After the departure of Mr. Stiles the First Church was without a pastor
-for three years. Much time was spent in "going after ministers." The
-young Yale graduates who preached on trial did not please the church,
-whose sympathies were still with Massachusetts. Finally the Rev. Abiel
-Leonard, a graduate of Harvard College,[78] was installed on June 23,
-1763. Of the twelve churches asked to assist in the ordination only
-one[79] was a Connecticut organization. In fact it was not until the
-year 1815 that the church, after an adherence to the Cambridge order
-of faith for a hundred and twenty-five years, finally accepted the
-"Saybrook Platform," and joined the Connecticut association. The church
-was prosperous under Mr. Leonard. Largely owing to his influence the
-quarrel between the First and Third Churches was healed.[80] In 1775,
-on the breaking out of the Revolutionary War, Mr. Leonard was made
-Chaplain of the Third Regiment of Connecticut troops. The church, at
-the request of the commander, Colonel, afterwards General, Israel
-Putnam, granted the necessary leave of absence. The following year
-Washington and Putnam joined in writing a letter[81] to the church at
-Woodstock asking for a continued leave of absence for Mr. Leonard,
-praising him in the highest terms, and saying:
-
-    "He is employed in the glorious work of attending to the morals of
-    a brave people who are fighting for their liberties--the liberties
-    of the people of Woodstock--the liberties of all America."
-
-Agreeable a gentleman as Mr. Leonard was, he was suddenly superseded
-while on a visit to Woodstock, and on receiving the mortifying news
-when _en route_ to join the army he at once committed suicide.
-
-If ever there was an "able, orthodox, godly minister," of the true
-Massachusetts type, such as old Woodstock always loved to have, he was
-the Rev. Eliphalet Lyman, who was ordained in 1779. Although a graduate
-of Yale College,[82] he fulfilled the conditions of the Cambridge
-Platform, and continued pastor of the First Church for forty-five
-years, and was warmly interested in the religious and educational
-development of the town. He was the last of the historic ministers
-of Woodstock. He was respected and he was feared. The boys stopped
-playing ball when "Old Priest Lyman," in cocked hat and knee breeches,
-remembered by some of you here to-day, walked up the common.
-
-
-VIII.
-
-It should now be related how Woodstock, settled under Massachusetts,
-became a part of the State of Connecticut. Massachusetts claimed
-Woodstock, because the grant was supposed to lie within her chartered
-bounds as surveyed in 1642, and that claim was what Major Daniel
-Gookin referred to when he rebuked the agent of Uncas in 1674, during
-his visit with John Eliot, at Woodstock. But Massachusetts did not
-believe that the line of 1642 was wrong when she confirmed the grant
-to the Roxbury settlers. She even censured Woodstock for daring to ask
-Connecticut to confirm a portion of the grant that fell south of this
-line. Though Connecticut justly held she was entitled to Woodstock,
-according to the terms of her charter, she was, nevertheless, willing
-to forego her claim to this town, provided Massachusetts would allow
-her to have the jurisdiction over other territory claimed by both
-colonies. But the repeated attempts to settle the controversy failed,
-and it was not till 1713 that an agreement was finally concluded. For
-the privilege of having jurisdiction over Woodstock and the other
-towns claimed by both sides, Massachusetts agreed to compensate
-Connecticut, by giving her unimproved lands in Western Massachusetts
-and New Hampshire. These lands were therefore called "equivalent
-lands," and were sold by Connecticut for $2,274, and the money given
-to Yale College. Woodstock was entirely satisfied with this agreement,
-as all her associations were with Massachusetts. But in 1747 the town
-thought that her taxes, which had been increased owing to the French
-and Spanish wars,[83] would be lighter, and her privileges greater,
-if she followed Suffield, Enfield, and Somers "in trying to get off
-to Connecticut." So Woodstock applied to Connecticut, claiming that
-the agreement of 1713 had been made without her consent. After much
-deliberation, Connecticut voted in 1749 to receive the town, and
-declared the agreement of 1713 not binding. Woodstock was delighted at
-being received into Connecticut, and at a memorable town meeting[84]
-made Thomas Chandler and Henry Bowen the first members of the General
-Assembly. Though Woodstock has since 1749 been a part of this State,
-Massachusetts would never formally yield jurisdiction over the town,
-and even as late as 1768 warned the inhabitants not to pay taxes to
-Connecticut. In fact had it not been for the Revolution, Massachusetts
-might still be claiming Woodstock.[85] It might be added that
-Woodstock, in being annexed to Connecticut, lost about three thousand
-acres north of the colony line. This strip of land was known as the
-"Middlesex Gore" for forty-five years, and was annexed to Dudley and
-Sturbridge in 1794.
-
-After becoming a part of Connecticut, Woodstock was anxious that the
-northern half of Windham County should be made into a separate county,
-of which Woodstock should be the shire-town, but as Pomfret also
-desired the county seat, and as the State seemed unwilling to act, the
-project fell through.[86]
-
-
-IX.
-
-Woodstock's military glory is something of which she may well be proud.
-Representatives of the Morris, Bowen, Hubbard, and Johnson families,
-who came to Woodstock in 1686, fought under Captain Isaac Johnson, of
-Roxbury, in King Philip's War, and were in the famous Narragansett
-battle in 1675, when Captain Johnson was killed.[87] For the first
-forty years after the settlement of the town the Indian troubles made
-every man acquainted with the use of fire-arms, and when in later years
-there appeared no danger at home, our ancestors were ready to fight
-abroad either savage or foreign foes. In 1724, Colonel John Chandler
-received orders from Boston to impress twenty Woodstock men for the
-frontier service,[88] which meant that they should fight Indians in
-Central Massachusetts. When the news of the war between France and
-Great Britain was received in Boston in 1744,[89] fifty[90] men from
-Colonel Thomas Chandler's[91] regiment guarded the frontier, and
-history declares that this regiment, commanded by a Woodstock man,
-rendered efficient service in the capture of Louisburg in 1745.[92] In
-1748, before the treaty of Aix la Chapelle had been signed,[93] the
-death was chronicled of several Woodstock men who had gone up into New
-Hampshire to fight[94] the Indians with a company of colony troops. In
-the French and Indian War[95] for the conquest of Canada, the families
-of Bacon, Bugbee, Child, Corbin, Chandler, Frizzel, Griggs, Holmes,
-Lyon, Marcy, McClellan, Manning, Peake, and Perrin had representatives
-who distinguished themselves in the service. Woodstock and Pomfret
-boys composed the company of Captain Israel Putnam in this war. The
-McClellan and Lyon of the Seven Years' War were the McClellan and Lyon
-of the Revolution, and were of the same family as the McClellan and
-Lyon so celebrated and so much beloved in our own Civil War.
-
-The service rendered by Woodstock during the Revolution was most
-valuable. The town voted to purchase as few British goods as possible,
-and sent sixty-five fat sheep to Boston as a contribution to alleviate
-what the town records call "the distressed and suffering circumstances"
-of that city. Captain Elisha Child, Charles Church Chandler, Jedediah
-Morse, Captain Samuel McClellan, and Nathaniel Child, were appointed
-a committee[96] "for maintaining a correspondence with the towns of
-this and the neighboring colonies." The spirit of revolution, which had
-been growing, rose to fever-heat when the powder stored in Cambridge
-by the patriots was removed, in September of 1774, to Boston. The news
-flew as fast through the New England towns as horses' hoofs could
-take it. A son of Esquire Wolcott brought the news to Curtis' tavern
-in Dudley, and a son of Captain Clark carried it to his father's
-house in Woodstock, where it was carried to Colonel Israel Putnam in
-Pomfret.[97] The young men of Woodstock did not wait for the call to
-arms. They hurried to Cambridge, and, with the inhabitants of that and
-other towns, were with difficulty restrained from marching into Boston
-to demand, with their loaded muskets, the return of the powder. At the
-very beginning of the Revolution Woodstock was eager to do its duty.
-When the cry went through New England that blood had been shed at that
-"birthplace of American liberty," the historic Lexington, one hundred
-and eighty-nine men from Woodstock answered that call.[98] Ephraim
-Manning, Stephen Lyon, Asa Morris, and William Frizzel were officers
-in Colonel Israel Putnam's regiment when that regiment was stationed
-at Cambridge, while Captain Samuel McClellan had charge of the troop
-of horse, of which John Flynn was trumpeter. Captain Nathaniel Marcy,
-Captains Elisha and Benjamin Child, Lieut. Josiah Child, Captain Daniel
-Lyon, Jabez and John Fox, Samuel Perry, and many other Woodstock men,
-rendered services in this war equally efficient. When Samuel Perry,
-in his old age, used to go up to the store on Woodstock Hill in the
-evening, the boys would ask him to tell them about the battle of Bunker
-Hill, and would always ask if he had killed any of the British in that
-battle. "I don't know whether I killed any," was his reply, "but I took
-good aim, fired, and saw them drop!" Another Woodstock name, always
-honored at home as another of the same family name is to-day no less
-honored abroad, was Dr. David Holmes He had served as surgeon in the
-French war, and--
-
-                                ----"lived to see
-    The bloodier strife that made our nation free,
-    To serve with willing toil, with skilful hand,
-    The war-worn saviors of the bleeding land."[99]
-
-When Washington assumed charge of the troops in Cambridge, the Rev.
-Abiel Leonard, the beloved pastor of the First Church at Woodstock,
-preached most acceptably. Washington heard him and became his warm
-friend. Woodstock's importance during the Revolution was considerable.
-One line of stages between Woodstock and New London and another line
-between Woodstock and New Haven and Hartford were established, which
-carried the war news weekly to be distributed through the colony and
-thence taken to New York. During the entire war Woodstock did more
-than her share. While there were many from this town who served the
-patriot cause with glory to themselves and honor to Woodstock, the
-name of Capt., afterwards Gen., Samuel McClellan stands out the most
-illustrious. When the currency of the Continentals had depreciated and
-no funds were forthcoming with which to pay the soldiers, Gen., or more
-exactly Col., McClellan advanced �1,000 from his own private purse to
-pay the men of his regiment. But a memorial of the Revolution in which
-Woodstock may well take the greatest pride is found in the historic
-elm-trees in South Woodstock, planted by the wife of General McClellan
-on receiving the news of the battle of Lexington. All honor to the
-men of Woodstock who fought for and gained their liberties in the
-Revolution, and all honor to their wives, who were equally patriotic at
-home!
-
-In the War of 1812 Woodstock was also ready to do its duty. When Major
-William Flynn, of Woodstock Hill, received the news, one evening just
-after dark, that several British men-of-war were hovering about New
-London, and that it was in danger of attack, he rode horseback about
-the country during the night, to see officers and men and warn them
-to assemble on the Common at noon the next day; but when he returned
-to his home at sunrise he found the Common covered with soldiers
-ready to go to New London immediately. The patriotic spirit always
-characteristic of Woodstock was conspicuous in the War of 1812.
-
-Woodstock was no less patriotic during the Rebellion. When President
-Lincoln called for volunteers to maintain the unity of the country,
-this town did her full share in that struggle. Many of you remember
-attending the funeral of General Nathaniel Lyon, who was killed at
-the beginning of the war and was buried with military honors in our
-neighboring town of Eastford. Though not a native of Woodstock, Gen.
-Lyon was descended from an honored family which has been conspicuous
-in the history of this town from the day of its settlement. But a
-name even more illustrious is that of Gen. George B. McClellan, whose
-grandfather was a native of Woodstock, and whose great-grandfather
-was Gen. Samuel McClellan, and who himself, as a boy, visited the
-town. You saw him beneath these very trees two years ago. You heard
-him speak at that time words of love for Woodstock and words of
-welcome to distinguished strangers. His voice is no longer heard, but
-the name of General McClellan will be remembered as long as the name
-of Woodstock itself shall last. Blessed then be the memory of Gen.
-George B. McClellan! Woodstock will ever cherish his services and the
-services of all its sons who fought for their country in the terrible
-struggle between the North and the South! The graves in the different
-burying-grounds of the town, that you annually decorate with flowers,
-tell more eloquently than words what Woodstock did during the Civil
-War.
-
-
-X.
-
-Woodstock has never been negligent in the cause of education. As soon
-as the settlement became an organized town, John Chandler, Jr., was
-appointed to instruct the children to write and cipher. As the town
-grew in population, it was divided into school districts. In 1739
-was established the United English Library for the Propagation of
-Christianity and Useful Knowledge. Col. John Chandler was the moderator
-at the first meeting, and the Rev. Abel Stiles, John May, Benjamin
-Child, and Pennel Bowen, of Woodstock, and leading citizens of Pomfret
-and Killingly, assisted in the organization.[100] It was Gen. Samuel
-McClellan and his sons John and James McClellan, the Rev. Eliphalet
-Lyman, William Bowen, Parker Comings, Nehemiah Child, Ebenezer Smith,
-William Potter, Hezekiah Bugbee, Benjamin Lyon, Ebenezer Skinner, and
-Amos Paine who established Woodstock Academy, at the beginning of the
-present century, and the influence of that honored institution has been
-deep and far-reaching. But who can measure the good done by Woodstock
-Academy, or by the different churches and other organizations of the
-town? Such institutions are our heritage, and our duty and privilege it
-is to improve their character and transmit them to future generations,
-with the memories and traditions of the town itself.
-
-
-XI.
-
-Citizens of Woodstock, listen while I call the roll of some of the
-distinguished men who have lived or were born in the town. Of the
-first settlers was Col. John Chandler, probably the most distinguished
-citizen that Woodstock had during its first century, the man who made
-Woodstock known and respected throughout New England. His descendants
-include the Rev. Thomas Bradbury Chandler, D.D., Winthrop Chandler, the
-artist, the Hon. John Church Chandler, Judge John Winthrop Chandler,
-and others, who have been prominent in Woodstock and throughout the
-country. No one of the first settlers was more distinguished than
-Edward Morris, who died three years after the town was settled. His
-family was prominent in the history of old Roxbury, and all through
-the last century in Woodstock. Commodore Charles Morris, a native[101]
-of Woodstock and well known in the War of 1812, and his son, Commodore
-George N. Morris, Commander in the Civil War of the United States
-sloop-of-war _Cumberland_ in Hampton Roads, belong to the same family,
-as well as the Hon. J. F. Morris, of Hartford, whom I am sure we are
-glad to welcome as our presiding officer to-day. John Marcy, a first
-settler, was the ancestor of Hon. William Leonard Marcy, Governor
-of the State of New York, Secretary of War under President Polk and
-Secretary of State under President Pierce. Abiel Holmes,[102] D.D.,
-LL.D., author of "Annals of America," and his father, Dr. David Holmes,
-a surgeon in the French and Revolutionary wars, were born in Woodstock,
-and were descended from John Holmes, a first settler. Abiel Holmes'
-son, Oliver Wendell Holmes, though not born in Woodstock, will be
-remembered, I am sure, for the beautiful tribute he paid his ancestors
-in the poem he read in this very park in 1877. The name of Morse has
-always been identified with Woodstock. Deacon Jedediah Morse held about
-all the offices in town that he could lawfully hold, and was deacon
-of the First Church for forty-three years. His son, the Rev. Jedediah
-Morse, D.D., a graduate of Yale College and the father of American
-geography, was also born in Woodstock. His grandson was Prof. Samuel
-F. B. Morse, who was more widely known as the inventor of the electric
-telegraph. Another Woodstock boy was General William Eaton[103] who ran
-away, from home at the age of sixteen to enter the Revolutionary War,
-and was distinguished during the first years of the century as the
-protector of American commerce in the Mediterranean. Amasa Walker, too,
-was born in Woodstock, the father of political economy in this country,
-or better still, the father of Gen. Francis A. Walker, the respected
-President of the School of Technology in Boston. Another honored name
-in Woodstock is that of Williams, including Samuel Williams, Sr., the
-Commissioner of Roxbury in the settlement of New Roxbury, the Rev.
-Stephen Williams, the first pastor of the church at West Parish, and
-Jared W. Williams, the Governor of Vermont and a native of this town.
-Governors, members of Congress, men distinguished in law, theology, and
-medicine, in trade and on the farm, have been born in Woodstock. The
-roll of honor could be multiplied; but in speaking of the distinguished
-men it would be impossible to forget the lessons taught, the struggles
-endured, and the sacrifices made by the mothers of Woodstock, who all
-through these two centuries have inspired their sons with feelings
-that have made them industrious, honored, and religious. Praise be,
-therefore, to the women of Woodstock! This town has the right to be
-proud of such noble sons and daughters, and we have the right to be
-proud that such a town as old Woodstock has nourished us and blessed us
-with such memories and influences.
-
-
-XII.
-
-What has the town done to make us proud of it? It has exerted an
-influence for good upon the country wherever its inhabitants have
-settled. Such settlements have been many. During the early history
-of the plantation, Woodstock men assisted largely in the settlement
-of Ashford, Pomfret, Killingly, and other neighboring towns. As the
-surplus population increased, migrations were made to the wild regions
-of Vermont and New Hampshire. Later came the settlements made by
-Connecticut, in the provinces of New York and Pennsylvania, in which
-Woodstock families were almost without exception represented. At the
-close of the Revolution the wave of emigration extended still farther
-West, and some of the oldest families in Ohio trace their ancestry back
-to this very town. To-day Woodstock has its representatives in almost
-every State in the Union, and the material growth and prosperity of
-the country has been in full measure owing to the settlements made by
-men from towns in New England like Woodstock. The ideas inherited from
-Puritan ancestors and modified according to existing circumstances have
-made towns, cities, even States, in which the whole country to-day
-takes the warmest pride. The man who inherits New England traditions
-from towns like Woodstock is worth more to the country than an army of
-Anarchists and Socialists.
-
-Woodstock is distinguished, too, for its "notable meetings," inherited
-from the Woodstock in England, of which Judge Sewell speaks. The first
-"notable meeting" was when John Eliot preached to the Indians on Plaine
-Hill. The second "notable meeting" was when the first settlers drew
-their home lots in Wabbaquasset Hall. The third "notable meeting"
-was at the funeral of Col. John Chandler in 1743, attended by the
-leading men in the colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. The
-church meetings of the last century, the town meeting when Woodstock
-transferred its allegiance to Connecticut, meetings during the
-Revolution, the old "training days" on Woodstock Common, have been
-followed by no end of "notable meetings" during the present century.
-But the one "notable meeting" that those of us present here to-day have
-in mind, was when Ulysses S. Grant, General of the Army, Savior of the
-Country and President of the United States, visited the town in 1870.
-
-But the chief glory of the town of Woodstock has been its love of local
-law. The source of the power of the continental nations of Europe may
-be traced back through the centuries to the village communities and
-Teutonic townships. In the mark, tithing, and parish of England the
-same principle of local self-government may be seen; and so our own
-nation's greatness, through Anglo-Saxon inheritance, has its source,
-not in the State, city, or county, but in the little school districts,
-villages, and towns of New England. Woodstock has been like a miniature
-republic, and has always believed in the supremacy of local law. Its
-refusal to send its representative to the General Court at Boston
-unless it could tax its own property as it pleased, and the refusal,
-for political reasons, of its delegates at the State Convention in
-1788 to vote for the ratification of the Constitution of the United
-States, are instances of the extreme independence of Woodstock. What
-it conscientiously believed, the town has never been slow to proclaim.
-Tenacious as Woodstock has always been of its privileges and its
-rights, its loyalty to the country, from the day the thirteen colonies
-became a nation, has never been questioned.
-
-
-XIII.
-
-I have given scarce more than a sketch in outline of what the history
-of Woodstock has been during the two hundred years since that historic
-band of brave boys and sturdy men, of deft-handed girls and sober
-matrons, swarmed like bees from the Roxbury hive[104] and settled on
-the Wabbaquasset hills. What Woodstock's history shall be remains for
-you, men and women of Woodstock, to develop. The fathers have kept
-bright the honest traditions and stout independence, the industrious
-thrift and religious faith which their Puritan fathers brought to the
-new settlement. The sons of this generation can be trusted to preserve
-and transmit them to their descendants. You, men of Woodstock, have
-your duties in the family, on the farm, toward your schools, and to
-your churches. All that the fathers have done puts an added obligation
-upon you. The improvement and development of the town depend on the
-individual exertions of its citizens. If you are young, infuse some of
-your own enthusiasm and intelligence into its different organizations.
-If you are old, remember these institutions in a substantial way.
-Woodstock will be what you make it. Michel Angelo saw in the block the
-exquisite unsculptured statue. Many blows of the chisel were necessary
-to disclose the perfect ideal to the eyes of a wondering world. In
-thought, in plan, in ideal, this town has been almost a perfect
-organization; but only those whose high vision is willing to pierce
-through all encrusting imperfections shall be the artists whose toil
-and sacrifices shall make this dear, noble, historic town of Woodstock
-an honor to the State and a blessing to its citizens. It is said that
-old John Eliot, from the high pulpit in Roxbury, used to pray every
-Sabbath for the new settlers at Woodstock. The words of those prayers
-are not preserved, but may the spirit of them come down through the
-centuries to inspire the hearts of all who inherit the blood of the
-early settlers of this ancient town. God, our fathers' God, bless old
-Woodstock!
-
-
-FOOTNOTES:
-
-[1] Also spelt Roxberry, Roxborough, Rocksborough.
-
-[2] July 30, 1630.
-
-[3] Young's "Chronicles of Massachusetts," p. 396.
-
-[4] Winthrop's "Journal," by Savage, vol. i., p. 111.
-
-[5] "Ordained over the First Church, Nov. 5, 1632."--Eliot's tomb in
-Roxbury.
-
-[6] "Memorial History of Boston," vol. i., p. 403.
-
-[7] Though the Williamses did not settle permanently in Woodstock till
-some years after the first settlement, the family was most prominent in
-Roxbury, and one of its representatives visited the grant officially in
-1686.
-
-[8] Drake's "Town of Roxbury" and "Memorial History of Boston," vol.
-i., pp. 401-422.
-
-[9] De Forest's "Indians of Connecticut," and Palfrey's "History of New
-England," and Miss Ellen D. Larned's "History of Windham County."
-
-[10] Also "called the Wabbaquassett and Whetstone country; and
-sometimes the Mohegan conquered country, as Uncas had conquered and
-added it to his sachemdom." Trumbull's "History of Connecticut," vol.
-i., 31.
-
-[11] September.
-
-[12] Winthrop's "Journal," by Savage, vol. i, 132. Palfrey's "Hist. of
-New England," vol. i., 369. The same year (Nov. 1633), "Samuel Hall and
-two other persons travelled westward into the country as far as this
-[Connecticut] river." Holmes' "Annals," vol. i., 220.
-
-[13] Winthrop's "Journal," vol. i., 171.
-
-[14] Possibly some of the Dorchester emigrants, including Henry
-Wolcott, William Phelps, and others, may have passed a little south of
-this line. Dr. McClure's MSS., in the possession of the Connecticut
-Historical Society: "In a conversation with the late aged and
-respectable Capt. Sabin of Pomfret, Ct., he related to me the following
-discovery, viz.: About forty years ago he felled a large and ancient
-yoke about the north line of Pomfret adjoining Woodstock. On cutting
-within some inches of the heart of the tree it was seen to have been
-cut and chipped with some short tool like an axe. Rightly judging that
-at the time when it must have been done the Indians so far inland were
-destitute and ignorant of the use of iron tools, he counted the number
-of the annual circular rings from the said marks to the bark of the
-tree, and found that there were as many rings as the years which had
-intervened from the migration of the Dorchester party to that time.
-Hence 'the probability that they had journeyed along the north border
-of Pomfret, and as they traveled by a compass, the conjecture is
-corroborated by that course being nearly in a direct line from Boston
-to the place of their settlement on the Connecticut River.'"--Stiles'
-"History of Ancient Windsor," p. 26.
-
-[15] "Memorial Hist. of Boston," vol. i., 263.
-
-[16] "Historical Collections of the Indians in New England. By Daniel
-Gookin, Gentleman, Printed from the original manuscript, 1792." See
-"Collections Mass. Hist. Soc.," vol. i., First Series, pp. 190-192.
-
-[17] Wabbaquasset, or Woodstock.
-
-[18] Dudley.
-
-[19] 1674.
-
-[20] Black James was a distinguished Indian. He met Eliot again in
-Cambridge in June of 1681, where a meeting of the claimants of the
-Nipmuck country was held. The village and much of the land of the town
-of Dudley was known years after the settlement of Woodstock as "The
-Land of Black James and Company."--Ammidown's "Historical Collections,"
-vol. i., 406, 461.
-
-[21] Named after "Wabbaquasset Hall," built in the spring or summer of
-1686.
-
-[22] Palfrey's "History of New England," vol. iii., 159.
-
-[23] Mrs. L. H. Sigourney's "Pocahontas."
-
-[24] Feb. 10, 1682.
-
-[25] Ellis' "History of Roxbury Town": "When the people of Roxbury came
-to take up lands, they selected their locations amongst the praying
-Indians or where Indians had been converted to Christianity.... This
-certainly is a sure indication of the steady adherence of his [John
-Eliot's] fellow-townsmen and their belief in the actual benefits of
-his missionary labors."
-
-[26] Oct. 6, 10, and 17.
-
-[27] Joseph Griggs, John Ruggles, and Edward Morris.
-
-[28] Dec. 5, 1683.
-
-[29] "Records of the Governor and Company of Massachusetts Bay in New
-England," vol. v., 426.
-
-[30] Oct. 27, 1684.
-
-[31] Jan. 28th.
-
-[32] "Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in
-New England," vol. v., 468.
-
-[33] Committee appointed May 14, 1686, and reported to Roxbury June
-12th.
-
-[34] Though the name of John Ruggles was on the list of "goers" and a
-house lot was drawn for him, he did not settle in Woodstock. The family
-of Ruggles is prominent among the first settlers in Pomfret.
-
-[35] This Jonathan Peake was the father of Jonathan Peake, Jr., born in
-1663, who came to Woodstock in April of 1687.
-
-[36] Lot 43 was given to Clement Corbin soon after the drawing of home
-lots. The inscription of his rude gravestone reads: "Here lies buried
-the body of Clement Corbin, aged 70, deceast August ye 1st, 1696."
-
-[37] The inscription on this small gravestone in the burying-ground on
-Woodstock Hill is read with difficulty and is as follows: "Here lies
-buried ye body of Lieu. Edward Morris, deceas'd September 14, 1689."
-
-Many of the first settlers now have no stones to mark their graves, and
-perhaps never had.
-
-[38] At that time twenty-four years old.
-
-[39] MSS. of Deacon Jedediah Morse, in the possession of Henry T.
-Child, of Woodstock.
-
-[40] Windsor was first called Dorchester and Hartford was first called
-Newtown.
-
-[41] Born in England, son of Henry Sewell of Rowley, Mass., and
-grandson of Henry Sewell, mayor of Coventry, England. In 1684, he
-became an Assistant.
-
-[42] Memorial "History of Boston," vol. i., 210, 540.
-
-[43] Hildreth's "History of the United States," vol. ii., 130.
-Trumbull's "History of Connecticut," vol. i., 401, 402. Palfrey's
-"Hist. of New England," vol. iv., 46. Holmes' "Annals of America," vol.
-i., 430, 431. Bancroft's "Hist. of the U. S.," vol. iii., 183.
-
-[44] "Collections of the Mass. Hist. Soc.," vol. v., Fifth Series, p.
-315, foot-note. Palfrey's "Hist, of N. E.," vol. iv., 48, foot-note,
-and appendix. The other six members of the Committee were Simon
-Bradstreet (Governor), Sir William Phips (Governor, 1692-95), Maj. Gen.
-Wait Winthrop, Maj. Elisha Hutchinson, Col. Samuel Shrimpton, and Maj.
-John Richards.
-
-[45] Thomas Gilbert, D.D., of Oxford University, author of "Carmen
-Congratulatorum." Judge Sewell visited him in England, and was shown
-by Dr. Gilbert the Bodleian Library, "a very magnificent Thing." See
-Sewell papers: Fifth Series, Mass. Hist. Soc. Collection, vols, v.,
-vi., vii. We may be allowed to suppose that Dr. Gilbert took Judge
-Sewell to Woodstock, only eight miles from Oxford University, where
-the latter perhaps was impressed for the first time with the name and
-historical associations of Woodstock.
-
-[46] Capt. Ruggles of Roxbury, who died Aug. 15, 1692, of whom Sewell
-says, in his Diary, Aug. 16th: "Capt. Ruggles also buried this day,
-died last night, but could not be kept."
-
-[47] Proceedings of Mass. Hist. Soc. for Feb., 1873, p. 399.
-
-[48] Rev. Mr. Dwight, of Woodstock, dined with him Aug. 24, 1718,
-and made a prayer at his court Nov. 7, 1718. Also see Diary, Jan. 2,
-1724: "Paid Mr. Josiah Dwight of Woodstock in full, of his demands for
-boarding Madam Usher there about six or seven weeks in the year 1718,
-�2-11." John Acquittimaug, of Woodstock, an Indian, who lived to be
-one hundred and fourteen years old, was entertained by Judge Sewell
-in 1723. _Boston News-Letter_, Aug. 29, 1723. The wills of Woodstock
-people were proved before "the Honorable Samuel Sewell, Judge of
-Probate." MSS. of Martin Paine of South Woodstock.
-
-[49] Paraclete Skinner, of Woodstock, who remembers the second
-meeting-house that was taken down in 1821, says that that structure
-never had a bell.
-
-[50] While in custody at Woodstock, Queen Elizabeth, according to the
-chronicler, Raphael Holinshed, wrote with a diamond on a pane of glass
-in her room these words:
-
-"Much suspected--of me Nothing proved can be, Quoth Elizabeth, prisoner."
-
-
-[51] Sir Walter Scott's novel of "Woodstock."
-
-[52] The last time that the name of New Roxbury, as applied to the name
-of the whole town, appears in the Proprietors' Records of Woodstock is
-March 18, 1689. The first time the name of Woodstock appears is May 26,
-1690: Woodstock Records.
-
-[53] 1691.
-
-[54] March.
-
-[55] Town meeting November 27th and 28th.
-
-[56] Woodstock, at this time, was under the restrictions of frontier
-towns. It was called a "frontier town" in 1695.--Mass. Hist. Society
-Proceedings, 1871-1873, p. 395.
-
-[57] December 28th.
-
-[58] Lincoln's "History of Worcester County."
-
-[59] Sept. 7th.
-
-[60] Manuscript Records of Second Precinct of Woodstock, or Parish
-of New Roxbury, in the possession of G. Clinton Williams, of West
-Woodstock.
-
-[61] May 16th.
-
-[62] Petition to town Nov. 2, 1736.
-
-[63] July, 1737.
-
-[64] 1739.
-
-[65] Oct. 2, 1741.
-
-[66] April, 1742.
-
-[67] Letter of Aug., 1742, to selectmen.
-
-[68] Nov. 18, 1742.
-
-[69] Sept. 14th.
-
-[70] In the school-house Sept. 27th.
-
-[71] Line dividing East and West Parishes approved by General Assembly
-of Connecticut in 1753, and name of New Roxbury approved in 1754.
-
-[72] The old First Church. See Records of First and Third
-Congregational Churches, and Miss Larned's "History of Windham County."
-
-[73] July 27th.
-
-[74] Class of 1733.
-
-[75] He was the son of John Stiles, who belonged to one of the oldest
-families of Windsor, and was the brother of Rev. Isaac Stiles, a
-graduate of Yale College in the class of 1722, and was uncle of Ezra
-Stiles, President of Yale College. President Stiles often visited
-Woodstock after his uncle had settled at Muddy Brook, now called East
-Woodstock.
-
-[76] Oct., 1761.
-
-[77] July 25th, at the age of 74.
-
-[78] Class of 1759.
-
-[79] Killingly.
-
-[80] Vote of First Church passed Dec. 8, 1766.
-
-[81] Letter dated Cambridge, March 24, 1776.
-
-[82] Class of 1776.
-
-[83] Hutchinson's "History of Massachusetts," vol. iii., 6-8; vol. ii.,
-363-396.
-
-[84] July 28, 1749.
-
-[85] Woodstock speaks of Massachusetts' repeated claims in a memorial
-to Conn. Gen. Assembly, May 2, 1771.
-
-[86] Gen. Putnam was much interested in this project. A meeting to
-promote the idea was held at his house in Pomfret, Feb. 11, 1771. The
-State again refused the application for a new county, when Pomfret
-applied in 1786 for a new county, "with Pomfret for shire-town."
-
-[87] Captain Johnson was the father of Nathaniel Johnson, and
-father-in-law of Lieutenant Henry Bowen, both first settlers of
-Woodstock.
-
-[88] "The Chandler Family," by Dr. George Chandler.
-
-[89] England declared war against France March 31st.
-
-[90] Seven hundred men from Massachusetts, of which Woodstock was then
-a part, were impressed for this service.
-
-[91] Lieut.-Col. Thomas Chandler was the son of Col. John Chandler,
-and was Woodstock's first representative to the General Assembly of
-Connecticut. Ante p. 44.
-
-[92] The forces were furnished by New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and
-Connecticut, and amounted to 4,070.
-
-[93] October 7th.
-
-[94] Fight at "Charlestown, No. 4," New Hampshire, May 2, 1748, in
-which Peter Perrin and Aaron Lyon, of Woodstock, were killed.
-
-[95] Or the Seven Years' War (1753-1760).
-
-[96] At town meeting, June 21, 1774.
-
-[97] Miss Ellen D. Larned's "History of Windham County."
-
-[98] There is no evidence to prove the reiterated statement that one
-hundred and eighty-nine Woodstock men fought at the battle of Bunker
-Hill. This number was stationed at Cambridge, and some of them may have
-been at Bunker Hill.
-
-[99] Oliver Wendell Holmes at Roseland Park, July 4, 1877.
-
-[100] Rev. Abel Styles subscribed the largest sum, �30. He was fond of
-_belles-lettres_, and in a communication to his church, speaks of "his
-beloved studies." Under his inspiration and instruction, Woodstock and
-Pomfret young men entered Yale College.
-
-[101] 1784-1856.
-
-[102] 1763-1837.
-
-[103] 1764-1804.
-
-[104] Cotton Mather: "Massachusetts soon became like a hive overstocked
-with bees, and many thought of swarming into new plantations."
-
-
-INDEX.
-
-
-
-  Academy, Establishment of, 53
-
-  Annexation to Connecticut in 1749, 44
-
-
-  Bacon, Thomas, 26
-
-  Black, James, 17
-
-  Bowen, Lieut. Henry, 26
-
-
-  Chandler, Captain John, 34
-
-  ---- Charles Church, 48
-
-  ---- Col. John, 55
-
-  ---- Col. Thomas, 47
-
-  ---- Hon. John Church, 55
-
-  ---- Judge John Winthrop, 55
-
-  ---- Rev. Thos. Bradbury, D.D., 55
-
-  ---- Winthrop, 55
-
-  Characteristics of the place and people, 58
-
-  Child, Captain Benjamin, 49
-
-  ---- Captain Elisha, 48, 49
-
-  ---- Lieut. Josiah, 49
-
-  ---- Nathaniel, 48
-
-  Church, First built 1694, 32
-
-  ---- Fourth Congregational, established 1767, 40
-
-  ---- Third Congregational, established 1760, 40
-
-  Churches, History of, 36
-
-  Connecticut, First members to General Assembly of, 44
-
-  "Connecticut Park," 13
-
-  Court, Establishment of, among Indians, 17
-
-  Cradock, Governor, 14
-
-  Curtis, John, 21
-
-
-  Distinguished men of Woodstock, 55
-
-  Dudley, Joseph, 20
-
-  ---- Thomas, Letter of, to Countess of Lincoln, March 12, 1630-1, 8
-
-  Dwight, Rev. Josiah, first minister, installed October 17, 1690, 32
-
-
-  Eaton, General William, 56
-
-  Education, progress of, 53
-
-  Eliot's visit to Woodstock, Narrative of, by Gookin, 15
-
-
-  Families represented in French and Indian War, 47
-
-  Fines imposed for non-attendance at town meeting, 33
-
-  Fox, Jabez, 49
-
-  ---- John, 49
-
-  French and Indian War, Woodstock families represented in, 47
-
-  Frizzel, William, 49
-
-  Frontier service, Twenty men impressed for, 1724, 46
-
-
-  General Court, First, in America, Boston, September 28, 1630, 9
-
-  Gookin, Major Daniel, magistrate of all Indian towns, 1656, 14
-
-  Grant, General U. S., Visit of, to Woodstock, 59
-
-  Gravestone of Edward Morris (oldest in county--1689), 25
-
-
-  Holmes, Abiel, 56
-
-  ---- Doctor David, 56
-
-  ---- Oliver Wendell, 56
-
-  Home lots, Drawing lots for, 23
-
-
-  Indian church, First, in America, established by Eliot at Natick
-    in 1651, 14
-
-  Indians, Religious instruction of, in 1629, 14
-
-  ---- Troubles with, 33
-
-
-  King Philip's war, Consequences of, 18
-
-
-  Leonard, Rev. Abiel, installed pastor, 1763, 40
-
-  ---- ---- appointed chaplain of Third Regiment of Connecticut, 41
-
-  ---- ---- death of, 41
-
-  Longevity of some of the present inhabitants, 26
-
-  Lots drawn for home lots, 23
-
-  Lyman, Rev. Eliphalet, ordained in 1779, 42
-
-  ---- "Old Priest," 42
-
-  Lyon, Captain Daniel, 49
-
-  ---- Stephen, 49
-
-
-  McClellan, Captain Samuel, 48, 49
-
-  ---- Gen. Geo. B., 51
-
-  Manning, Ephraim, 49
-
-  Marcy, Captain Nathaniel, 49
-
-  ---- Hon. Wm. Leonard, 56
-
-  ---- John, 56
-
-  Massachusetts Bay, first organized settlement on, 8
-
-  "Middlesex Gore," 45
-
-  Military renown of men of Woodstock, 46
-
-  Minister, appointment of first, 32
-
-  Morris, Asa, 49
-
-  ---- Commodore Charles, 55
-
-  ---- George N., 55
-
-  ---- Edward, 21
-
-  ---- Hon. J. F., 56
-
-  Morse, Jedediah, 48, 56
-
-  ---- Rev. Jedediah, D.D., 56
-
-  ---- Samuel F. B., 56
-
-  ---- Sarah, 26
-
-
-  Nipmuck country, Derivation of name, 12
-
-  ---- Description of, 12
-
-  ---- Desertion of, after King Philip's war, 18
-
-  ---- Purchase of, from Indians, 20
-
-  "Notable Meeting," 59
-
-
-  Oldman, John, 12
-
-  "Old Thirteen," Names of, 23
-
-
-  Perry, Saml., 49
-
-  Praying Villages, 14
-
-  Pulpit Rock, 18
-
-  Putnam, Capt. Israel, 47
-
-  Pynchon, William, 10
-
-
-  Quinnatisset, 15
-
-
-  Rebellion, Services of Woodstock, men in, 51
-
-  Refusal to send representatives to General Court at Boston, 60
-
-  Religious services among Indians, Description of, 15
-
-  Revolution, Company of one hundred and eighty-nine men formed
-    for service in, 48
-
-  ---- Service rendered by town during the, 47
-
-  Roxbury--Deputies sent to Boston Assembly, 1634, 9
-
-  ---- Early settlers' names, 10
-
-  ---- Eliot, Rev. John, pastor of First Church, established 1632, 10
-
-  ---- First settlers, where from, 9
-
-  ---- Founders' names, 10
-
-  ---- Prominent in organizing settlement of Woodstock, 11
-
-  ---- Settlement of, Sept. 28, 1630, 9
-
-  Ruggles, John, 21
-
-  ---- Samuel, 21
-
-
-  Sampson, Indian teacher at Wabquissit, 15
-
-  School-house built 1733, 37
-
-  Selectmen, Names of first, 33
-
-  ---- Names of first, chosen by New Roxbury, 27
-
-  Settlement, Arrangements for, 21
-
-  ---- Committee appointed to find place suitable for, 21
-
-  ---- Name of, changed from New Roxbury to Woodstock, 28
-
-  ---- of other towns by Woodstock men, 58
-
-  ---- Petition for land for, 1683, 21
-
-  ---- Time granted for, 21
-
-  ---- ---- extended, 22
-
-  Settlers, Ages of first, 25
-
-  ---- Descendants of, now in town, 26
-
-  ---- Enterprise of, 27
-
-  ---- First death among, 25
-
-  ---- Names of first, 24
-
-  ---- Original thirteen, 23
-
-  Sewell, Capt. Samuel, 29
-
-  ---- ---- Extract from diary of, 30
-
-  Skinner, Paraclete, 26
-
-  Stages, Lines of, established between Woodstock and New London
-    and New Haven, 50
-
-  Stiles, Rev. Abel S., 39
-
-  Stoughton, Wm., 20
-
-
-  Throop, Rev. Amos, 36
-
-  Trees planted by wife of General McClellan, 50
-
-
-  Wabbaquasset, 12
-
-  Wabquissit, 16
-
-  Walker, Amasa, 57
-
-  ---- Gen. Francis A., 57
-
-  War of 1812, Woodstock men in, 51
-
-  West Parish of Woodstock, incorporated 1743, 38
-
-  ---- called New Roxbury, 38
-
-  Williams, Jared W., 57
-
-  ---- Rev. Stephen, 38, 57
-
-  ---- Samuel, Sr., 57
-
-  Women of Woodstock, 57
-
-  Woodstock Hill, 13
-
-  Worcester County formed, 1731, 35
-
-
-
-Transcriber's note:
-
-Unusual spelling is as in the original.
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Woodstock, by Clarence Winthrop Bowen
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Woodstock, by Clarence Winthrop Bowen
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
-almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
-re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
-with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license
-
-
-Title: Woodstock
-       An historical sketch
-
-Author: Clarence Winthrop Bowen
-
-Release Date: September 24, 2013 [EBook #43810]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: ASCII
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WOODSTOCK ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Turgut Dincer and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-produced from images generously made available by The
-Internet Archive)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-  WOODSTOCK
-
-  AN HISTORICAL SKETCH
-
-  BY
-
-  CLARENCE WINTHROP BOWEN, PH.D.
-
-  READ AT ROSELAND PARK, WOODSTOCK, CONNECTICUT, AT THE BI-CENTENNIAL
-  CELEBRATION OF THE TOWN, ON TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1886
-
-  NEW YORK & LONDON
-  G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
-  The Knickerbocker Press
-  1886
-
-  COPYRIGHT BY
-  CLARENCE WINTHROP BOWEN
-  1886
-
-  Press of
-  G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
-  New York
-
-
-As a full history of Woodstock has been in preparation for several
-years and will, it is hoped, be published in the course of another
-year, this brief sketch is issued as it was read at the Bi-Centennial
-Anniversary of the town.
-
-
-
-
-CONTENTS.
-
-
-                                                    PAGE
-
-     I. INTRODUCTION                                   7
-
-    II. THE SETTLEMENT OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY
-          AND OF ROXBURY                               8
-
-   III. THE NIPMUCK COUNTRY AND THE VISIT OF
-          JOHN ELIOT TO THE INDIANS AT WABBAQUASSET,
-          OR WOODSTOCK                                12
-
-    IV. THE SETTLEMENT OF NEW ROXBURY, OR
-          WOODSTOCK                                   20
-
-     V. THE CHANGE OF THE NAME OF NEW ROXBURY
-          TO WOODSTOCK                                28
-
-    VI. THE GROWTH OF THE NEW TOWNSHIP--1690-1731      32
-
-   VII. ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS                        36
-
-  VIII. THE TRANSFER OF WOODSTOCK FROM MASSACHUSETTS
-          TO CONNECTICUT                              43
-
-    IX. MILITARY RECORD                               46
-
-     X. EDUCATIONAL MATTERS                           53
-
-    XI. DISTINGUISHED CITIZENS                        55
-
-   XII. CHARACTERISTICS OF WOODSTOCK                  58
-
-  XIII. CONCLUSION                                    61
-
-        INDEX                                         63
-
-
-
-
-I.
-
-
-The history of the town of Woodstock is associated with the beginnings
-of history in New England. The ideas of the first settlers of Woodstock
-were the ideas of the first settlers of the Colony of Plymouth and
-the Province of Massachusetts Bay. The planting of these colonies
-was one of the fruits of the Reformation. The antagonism between the
-Established Church of England and the Non-Conformists led to the
-settlement of New England. The Puritans of Massachusetts, at first
-Non-Conformists, became Separatists like the Pilgrims of Plymouth.
-Pilgrims and Puritans alike accepted persecution and surrendered the
-comforts of home to obtain religious liberty. They found it in New
-England; and here, more quickly than in the mother country, they
-developed also that civil liberty which is now the birthright of every
-Anglo-Saxon.
-
-
-II.
-
-The settlement of Woodstock is intimately connected with the first
-organized settlement on Massachusetts Bay; and how our mother town
-of Roxbury was first established is best told in the words of Thomas
-Dudley in his letter to the Countess of Lincoln under date of Boston,
-March 12, 1630-1:
-
-    "About the year 1627 some friends, being together in Lincolnshire,
-    fell into discourse about New England and the planting of the
-    gospel there. In 1628 we procured a patent from his Majesty for
-    our planting between the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River on
-    the South and the River of Merrimack on the North and three miles
-    on either side of those rivers and bay ... and the same year we
-    sent Mr. John Endicott and some with him to begin a plantation. In
-    1629 we sent divers ships over with about three hundred people. Mr.
-    Winthrop, of Suffolk (who was well known in his own country and
-    well approved here for his piety, liberality, wisdom, and gravity),
-    coming in to us we came to such resolution that in April, 1630, we
-    set sail from Old England.... We were forced to change counsel,
-    and, for our present shelter, to plant dispersedly."
-
-Settlements were accordingly made at Salem, Charlestown, Boston,
-Medford, Watertown, and in several other localities. The sixth
-settlement was made, to quote further from the same letter to the
-Countess of Lincoln, by "others of us two miles from Boston, in a place
-we named Rocksbury."[1]
-
-The date of settlement was September 28, 1630, and just three weeks
-later the first General Court that ever sat in America was held in
-Boston. The same year the first church in Boston was organized.[2]
-Roxbury, like the other settlements of Massachusetts Bay, was a little
-republic in itself. The people chose the selectmen and governed
-themselves; and as early as 1634, like the seven other organized towns,
-they sent three deputies to Boston to attend the first representative
-Assembly at which important business was transacted. The government
-of Roxbury, like the other plantations, was founded on a theocratic
-basis. Church and state were inseparable. No one could be admitted
-as a citizen unless he was a member of the church. Many of the first
-settlers came from Nazing, a small village in England, about twenty
-miles from London, on the river Lee. Morris, Ruggles, Payson, and
-Peacock, names read in the earliest records of Woodstock, were old
-family names in Nazing. Other first inhabitants of Roxbury came from
-Wales and the west of England, or London and its vicinity. Among the
-founders were John Johnson, Richard Bugbee, and John Leavens, whose
-family names are well known as among the first settlers of Woodstock.
-All were men of property[3]; none were "of the poorer sort." In 1631
-the Rev. John Eliot, a native of the village of Nazing, arrived with a
-company of Nazing pilgrims. Eliot, though earnestly solicited to become
-pastor of the church in Boston,[4] accepted the charge of the church
-in Roxbury, which was organized in 1632,[5] and was the sixth church,
-in order of time, established in New England. Another name equally
-prominent in the earliest years of the history of Roxbury was that of
-William Pynchon, afterwards known as the founder of Springfield in
-Massachusetts. Only Boston excels Roxbury in the number of its citizens
-who have made illustrious the early history of the Massachusetts
-colony.[6] Among the early settlers of Roxbury who themselves became,
-or whose descendants became, the early settlers of Woodstock, were the
-Bartholomews, Bowens, Bugbees, Chandlers, Childs, Corbins, Crafts,
-Griggses, Gareys, Holmeses, Johnsons, Lyons, Levinses, Mays, Morrises,
-Paysons, Peacocks, Peakes, Perrins, Scarboroughs, and Williamses.[7]
-
-In 1643 the towns within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts had grown
-to thirty, and Roxbury did more than her share towards the organization
-of the new towns. In fact, Roxbury has been called the mother of
-towns, no less than fifteen communities having been founded by her
-citizens.[8] Among the most important of these settlements was the town
-of Woodstock, whose Bicentennial we this day celebrate.
-
-
-III.
-
-A glance at the country about us previous to the settlement of the
-town, in 1686, shows us a land sparsely inhabited by small bands of
-peaceful Indians, without an independent chief of their own, but who
-paid tribute to the Sachem of the Mohegans, the warriors who had
-revolted from the Pequots. Woodstock was a portion of the Nipmuck[9]
-country, so-called because it contained fresh ponds or lakes in
-contrast to other sections that bordered upon the sea or along running
-rivers. Wabbaquasset, or the mat-producing place, was the name of the
-principal Indian village, and that name still exists in the corrupted
-form of Quasset to designate a section of the town. Indians from
-the Nipmuck[10] country took corn to Boston in 1630, soon after the
-arrival of the "Bay Colony"; and in 1633[11] John Oldman and his three
-Dorchester companions passed through this same section on their way to
-learn something of the Connecticut River country; and they may have
-rested on yonder "Plaine Hill," for history states that they "lodged
-at Indians towns all the way."[12] The old "Connecticut Path" over
-which that distinguished band[13] of colonists went in 1635 and 1636 to
-settle the towns of Windsor, Wethersfield, and Hartford, passed through
-the heart of what is now Woodstock.[14] This path so famous in the
-early days of New England history, came out of Thompson Woods, a little
-north of Woodstock Lake, and proceeding across the Senexet meadow, ran
-west near Plaine Hill, Marcy's Hill, and a little south of the base of
-Coatney Hill. For more than fifty years before the settlement of the
-town, this historic path near Woodstock Hill was the outlet for the
-surplus population of Massachusetts Bay and the line of communication
-between Massachusetts and the Connecticut and New Haven colonies.
-But the most noteworthy feature in the description of the Indians of
-the Nipmuck country is that as early as 1670 they were formed into
-Praying Villages. Evidently the instructions of Gov. Cradock in his
-letter of March, 1629, to John Endicott had not been forgotten. In that
-letter he said: "Be not unmindful of the main end of our plantation
-by endeavoring to bring the Indians to the knowledge of the gospel."
-In the heart of one man at least that idea was paramount. John Eliot,
-the Apostle to the Indians, was not content to be simply the pastor of
-the church of Roxbury for nearly sixty years. Amid his countless other
-labors he preached the gospel to the Indians of the Nipmuck country.
-The first Indian church in America had been established by him at
-Natick in 1651; and, in 1674, he visited the Indian villages in the
-wild territory about these very hills. As he found it, to quote his own
-words,[15] "absolutely necessary to carry on civility with religion,"
-he was accompanied by Major Daniel Gookin, who had been appointed, in
-1656, magistrate of all the Indian towns. Maanexit was first visited
-on the Mohegan or Quinebaug River, near what is now New Boston, where
-Eliot preached to the natives, using as his text the seventh verse of
-the twenty-fourth Psalm: "Lift up your heads, O ye gates; and be ye
-lift up, ye everlasting doors; and the king of glory shall come in."
-
-Quinnatisset, on what is now Thompson Hill, was the name of another
-Praying Town. But a quotation[16] from the homely narrative of Major
-Gookin is the best description of Eliot's memorable visit to Woodstock:
-
-    "We went not to it [Quinnatisset], being straitened for time, but
-    we spake with some of the principal people at Wabquissit.[17] ...
-    Wabquissit ... lieth about nine or ten miles from Maanexit, upon
-    the west side, six miles of Mohegan River, and is distant from
-    Boston west and by south, about seventy-two miles. It lieth about
-    four miles within the Massachusetts south line. It hath about
-    thirty families, and one hundred and fifty souls. It is situated in
-    a very rich soil, manifested by the goodly crop of Indian corn then
-    newly ingathered, not less than forty bushels upon an acre. We came
-    thither late in the evening upon the 15th of September, and took
-    up our quarters at the sagamore's wigwam, who was not at home: but
-    his squaw courteously admitted us, and provided liberally, in their
-    way, for the Indians that accompanied us. This sagamore inclines to
-    religion, and keeps the meeting on sabbath days at his house, which
-    is spacious, about sixty feet in length and twenty feet in width.
-    The teacher of this place is named Sampson; an active and ingenious
-    person. He speaks good English and reads well. He is brother
-    unto Joseph, before named, teacher at Chabanakougkomun[18] ...
-    being both hopeful, pious, and active men; especially the younger
-    before-named Sampson, teacher at Wabquissit, who was, a few years
-    since, a dissolute person, and I have been forced to be severe
-    in punishing him for his misdemeanors formerly. But now he is,
-    through grace, changed and become sober and pious; and he is now
-    very thankful to me for the discipline formerly exercised towards
-    him. And besides his flagitious life heretofore, he lived very
-    uncomfortably with his wife; but now they live very well together,
-    I confess this story is a digression. But because it tendeth to
-    magnify grace, and that to a prodigal, and to declare how God
-    remembers his covenant unto the children of such as are faithful
-    and zealous for him in their time and generation, I have mentioned
-    it.
-
-    "We being at Wabquissit, at the sagamore's wigwam, divers of the
-    principal people that were at home came to us, with whom we spent a
-    good part of the night in prayer, singing psalms, and exhortations.
-    There was a person among them, who, sitting mute a great space, at
-    last spake to this effect: That he was agent for Unkas, Sachem of
-    Mohegan, who challenged right to, and dominion over, this people of
-    Wabquissit. And said he, Unkas is not well pleased that the English
-    should pass over Mohegan River to call his Indians to pray to God.
-    Upon which speech Mr. Eliot first answered, that it was his work to
-    call upon all men everywhere, as he had opportunity, especially the
-    Indians, to repent and embrace the gospel; but he did not meddle
-    with civil right or jurisdiction. When he had done speaking, then I
-    declared to him, and desired him to inform Unkas what I said, that
-    Wabquissit was within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, and that
-    the government of that people did belong to them; and that they do
-    look upon themselves concerned to promote the good of all people
-    within their limits, especially if they embraced Christianity. Yet
-    it was not hereby intended to abridge the Indian sachems of their
-    just and ancient right over the Indians, in respect of paying
-    tribute or any other dues. But the main design of the English was
-    to bring them to the good knowledge of God in Christ Jesus; and to
-    suppress among them those sins of drunkenness, idolatry, powowing
-    or witchcraft, whoredom, murder, and like sins. As for the English,
-    they had taken no tribute from them, nor taxed them with any thing
-    of the kind.
-
-    "Upon the 16th day of September[19] being at Wabquissit, as soon
-    as the people were come together, Mr. Eliot first prayed, and then
-    preached to them, in their own language, out of Mat. vi., 33:
-    _First seek the kingdom of heaven and the righteousness thereof,
-    and all these things shall be added unto you._ Their teacher,
-    Sampson, first reading and setting the cxix. Ps., 1st part, which
-    was sung. The exercise was concluded with prayer.
-
-    "Then I began a Court among the Indians, and first I approved
-    their teacher, Sampson, and their constable, Black James,[20]
-    giving each of them a charge to be diligent and faithful in their
-    places. Also I exhorted the people to yield obedience to the
-    gospel of Christ and to those set in order there. Then published
-    a warrant or order, that I had prepared, empowering the constable
-    to suppress drunkenness, Sabbath breaking, especially powowing and
-    idolatry. And, after warning given, to apprehend all delinquents
-    and bring them before authority to answer for their misdoings; the
-    smaller faults to bring before Watasacompamun, ruler of the Nipmuck
-    country; for idolatry and powowing to bring them before me: So we
-    took leave of this people of Wabquissit, and about eleven o'clock
-    returned back to Maanexit and Chabanakougkomun, where we lodged
-    this night."
-
-History fails to locate the spot where John Eliot's sermon to the
-Indians of Woodstock was delivered, but tradition points to "Pulpit
-Rock," so-called, under the aged chestnut trees of the McClellan farm
-near the "Old Hall"[21] road.
-
-But Eliot's good work in the Nipmuck country was destroyed when King
-Philip's war broke out in 1675. In August of that year a company of
-Providence men journeyed as far as Wabbaquasset, thinking that possibly
-King Philip himself had escaped thither.[22] They found an Indian fort
-a mile or two west of Woodstock Hill, but no Indians. A party from
-Norwich in June of the following year also found deserted Wabbaquasset
-and the other Praying Villages. Desolation and devastation followed
-the disappearance of the Red Man. The Nipmuck country became more a
-wilderness than ever, forsaken of its aboriginal inhabitants whose
-barbaric tenure could not stand against a superior civilization.
-
-    "Forgotten race, farewell! Your haunts we tread,
-    Our mighty rivers speak your words of yore,
-    Our mountains wear them on their misty head,
-    Our sounding cataracts hurl them to the shore;
-    But on the lake your flashing oar is still,
-    Hush'd is your hunter's cry on dale and hill,
-    Your arrow stays the eagle's flight no more,
-    And ye, like troubled shadows, sink to rest
-    In unremember'd tombs, unpitied and unbless'd."[23]
-
-
-IV.
-
-The time had now arrived for the white man to make a settlement at
-Wabbaquasset. In May, of 1681, the General Court of Massachusetts
-Bay had given to William Stoughton and Joseph Dudley the care of
-the Nipmuck country, with power to ascertain the titles belonging
-to the Indians and others, and a meeting of the claimants was held
-the following month at Cambridge, at which John Eliot rendered much
-assistance as interpreter. Dudley and Stoughton purchased all the
-claims, and the following year,[24] the whole Nipmuck country became
-the property of Massachusetts Bay. Jurisdiction over the country had
-already been claimed, under the terms of the Massachusetts charter.
-Many of the inhabitants of the town of Roxbury now felt that they could
-improve their condition and increase their usefulness by forming a
-settlement in some desirable portion of the new country. Undoubtedly
-their pastor, John Eliot, had told them of the beauty and fertility
-of the country about the Praying Villages of Maanexit, Quinnatisset,
-and Wabbaquasset.[25] Town meetings to arrange for a new settlement,
-were held in Roxbury in October of 1683.[26] A petition was signed,
-by a number of representative citizens of the town, asking that the
-General Court might grant to them a tract seven miles square about
-Quinnatisset, in the Nipmuck country. All save six of the thirty-six
-who signed this petition, afterwards became settlers of the new town,
-and of the five selectmen of Roxbury who presented the petition to
-the General Court, three[27] represented families prominent in the
-early history of Woodstock. The General Court at once granted[28]
-the petition provided the grant should not fall within a section to
-be reserved for Messrs Stoughton and Dudley, and Major Thompson, and
-provided also that thirty families should be settled on the plantation
-within three years from the following June, "and mainteyne amongst
-them an able, orthodox, godly minister."[29] In 1684 Roxbury accepted
-the terms of the General Court, and sent Samuel and John Ruggles,
-John Curtis, and Edward Morris, as a committee of four, to "view the
-wilderness and find a convenient place."
-
-As Quinnatisset had been in part already granted, the committee
-reported[30] a territory "commodiose" for settlement at "Seneksuk and
-Wapagusset and the lands ajasiant." A committee was therefore appointed
-to draw up an agreement for the "goers," as they were called, to sign.
-In 1685,[31] in answer to the petition of Edward Morris, deputy in
-behalf of the town of Roxbury, the General Court extended the limit
-of the time of settlement from June 10, 1687, to Jan. 31, 1688, and
-granted freedom from rates up to that time.[32] At town meetings held
-in Roxbury, during the same year, it was arranged that one half of
-the grant should belong to the new settlers and one hundred pounds in
-money be given to them in instalments of twenty pounds a year, and the
-other half of the grant should belong to "the stayers" in consideration
-of the aid given "the goers." The southern half of the grant was the
-portion subsequently occupied by "the goers." Actual possession,
-however, was not taken until April of the following year. On the second
-page of the cover of the old and musty first volume of records of the
-proprietors of New Roxbury, afterwards called Woodstock, are these
-words:
-
-    "April 5, 1686.
-
-    "These are the thirteen who were sent out to spy out Woodstock as
-    planters and to take actual posession: Jonathan Smithers, John
-    Frissell, Nathaniel Garey, John Marcy, Benjamin Griggs, John Lord,
-    Benjamin Sabin, Henry Bowen, Matthew Davis, Thomas Bacon, Peter
-    Aspinwall, George Griggs, and Ebenezer Morris."
-
-These thirteen planters, or the "Old Thirteen" as they have always been
-called, were visited in May or June[33] by a committee who had been
-appointed to ascertain the bounds of the grant. The last meeting of the
-"goers to settle" was held in Roxbury, July 21st; their first meeting
-in New Roxbury was held August 25th. A committee of seven, consisting
-of Joseph Griggs, Edward Morris, Henry Bowen, Sr., John Chandler, Sr.,
-Samuel Craft, Samuel Scarborough, and Jonathan Smithers, having been
-appointed to make needful arrangements preliminary to the drawing of
-home lots, that drawing took place on the twenty-eighth of August,
-or, by the new style of reckoning time, exactly two hundred years ago
-to-day.
-
-Say the old records: "After solemn prayer to God, who is the Disposer
-of all things, they drew lots according to the agreement, every man
-being satisfied and contented with God's disposing." Would that the
-words of that prayer and the picture of that scene could to-day be
-reproduced! Surely the spirit of the Puritans of 1630 was the spirit
-of that band of pilgrims in 1686 on yonder hill. These are the honored
-names of the first settlers: Thomas and Joseph Bacon, James Corbin,
-Benjamin Sabin, Henry Bowen, Thomas Lyon, Ebenezer Morris, Matthew
-Davis, William Lyon, Sr., John Chandler, Sr., Peter Aspinwall, John
-Frizzel, Joseph Frizzel, Jonathan Smithers, John Butcher, Jonathan
-Davis, Jonathan Peake, Nathaniel Garey, John Bowen, Nathaniel Johnson,
-John Hubbard, George Griggs, Benjamin Griggs, William Lyon, Jr., John
-Leavens, Nathaniel Sanger, Samuel Scarborough, Samuel Craft, Samuel
-May, Joseph Bugbee, Samuel Peacock, Arthur Humphrey, John Bugbee, Jr.,
-Andrew Watkins, John Marcy, Edward Morris, Joseph Peake, John Holmes,
-and John Chandler, Jr.
-
-Of that list of thirty-nine,[34] Benjamin Sabin, Nathaniel Sanger,
-Nathaniel Garey, John Hubbard, Matthew Davis, and George Griggs
-afterwards moved to Pomfret; Peter Aspinwall and his step-sons, the
-sons of John Leavens, went to Killingby; and Arthur Humphrey and others
-became the first settlers of Ashford. A few returned to Roxbury. But
-a large share of the original settlers lived and died in Woodstock,
-including Edward and Ebenezer Morris, Jonathan and Joseph Peake, James
-Corbin, Thomas and Joseph Bacon, Henry Bowen, William and Thomas Lyon,
-John Chandler, Sr., and John Chandler, Jr., John Butcher, Nathaniel
-Johnson, Joseph and John Bugbee, John Marcy, John Holmes, and perhaps
-a few others. As an illustration of the ages of the pioneers in 1686,
-it may be mentioned that Benjamin Griggs was nineteen; Joseph Bacon
-and Andrew Watkins, twenty; John Bugbee, John Chandler, Jr., James
-Corbin, and Jonathan Davis, twenty-one; Peter Aspinwall, Matthew Davis,
-John Frizzel, and Lieut. Ebenezer Morris, twenty-two; John Butcher and
-Nathaniel Garey, twenty-three; John Bowen and John Marcy, twenty-four;
-George Griggs, John Holmes, and Samuel May, twenty-five; Thomas Bacon,
-twenty-eight; Samuel Peacock, twenty-nine; William Lyon, Jr., and
-Nathaniel Sanger, thirty-four; Thomas Lyon, thirty-eight; Nathaniel
-Johnson, thirty-nine; Benjamin Sabin and Samuel Scarborough, forty;
-Joseph Peake, forty-one; Joseph Bugbee and John Leavens, forty-six;
-Samuel Craft and Jonathan Peake,[35] forty-nine; Deacon John Chandler,
-fifty-one; Lieut. Henry Bowen, fifty-three; Edward Morris, fifty-six;
-and William Lyon Sr., sixty-five.[36]
-
-The first one of the thirty-nine to die was Lieut. Edward Morris,
-whose gravestone bears the date of 1689, the oldest in the county.[37]
-The last one of the thirty-nine to die was Thomas Bacon, who lived
-to be ninety-six years of age. To show the extreme ages of some of
-the Woodstock people, it may here be said that Paraclete Skinner, now
-living, remembers Deacon Jedediah Morse, who died in 1819 at the age
-of ninety-three, and Deacon Morse was seventeen years old when Col.
-John Chandler, a first settler, was living; and thirty-two years of
-age the year that Thomas Bacon, another first settler, died. That is,
-an inhabitant of this town remembers one who knew some of the first
-settlers of Woodstock. Lieut. Henry Bowen, one of the first settlers,
-attained the age of ninety. Deacon Morse's grandmother, who came in
-April of 1687 to Woodstock with her husband Jonathan Peake, Jr.,[38]
-likewise lived to be ninety, lacking twelve days. One of the oldest
-persons that ever lived in Woodstock was Sarah, the daughter of
-Jonathan Peake, Jr., and the mother of Deacon Morse, who reached the
-age of ninety-nine, lacking forty-four days, and who had about her
-while living three hundred and nineteen descendants.[39] The combined
-ages of Thomas Bacon, Sarah Morse, and Paraclete Skinner is now two
-hundred and eighty years. Time alone can tell to what figure their
-combined ages may attain!
-
-But what a small number in that list of first settlers have descendants
-bearing the same family name among the citizens of Woodstock to-day!
-Only James Corbin, William Lyon, John Chandler, Nathaniel Johnson,
-Benjamin Griggs, Henry Bowen, Joseph Bugbee, Nathaniel Sanger, and John
-Marcy! But Woodstock is proud to own among the descendants of the first
-settlers influential and honored citizens of many towns and cities, and
-some of them, I rejoice to say are here to-day.
-
-The first settlers of Woodstock had the right stuff in them to succeed.
-After the home-lots were chosen highways were laid out, a grist-mill
-and saw-mill built, bridges constructed, new inhabitants brought in,
-and every thing possible was done to make the settlement permanent. A
-general meeting of the inhabitants was held July 2, 1687, when "John
-Chandler, Sr., Nathaniel Johnson, Joseph Bugbee, James White, and James
-Peake, were chosen to order the prudential affairs of the place as
-selectmen, for the year ensuing."
-
-
-V.
-
-An effort was now made to get a confirmation of the grant occupied
-by the new settlers, but as long as Sir Edmund Andros was the Royal
-Governor of the Province, it was impossible. A delay ensued until
-William and Mary became sovereigns of Great Britain. The new settlers
-had not yet an organized town government. The settlement, like the
-first settlements in Windsor and Hartford, received its name from the
-mother town.[40] But the New Roxbury people wished to have a name
-of their own and a town of their own. At the beginning of the year
-1690 they chose a committee of three to petition the General Court to
-substitute a new name for that of New Roxbury. The committee at once
-conferred with the mother town, for on Jan. 13, 1690, Roxbury held
-a town meeting at which it was voted to request the General Court
-to allow the settlement in the Nipmuck country to become a town,
-to confirm the grant and to give a suitable name. The New Roxbury
-committee pressed their claims, and on March 18, 1690, the General
-Court confirmed the grant and voted that the name of the plantation
-be Woodstock. We owe the name of Woodstock to Capt. Samuel Sewell[41]
-who was Chief-Justice of Massachusetts from 1718 to 1728. He has been
-called "a typical Puritan" and "the Pepys of New England,"--the man who
-judged the witches of Salem and afterwards repented of it.[42] In 1690,
-when Count Frontenac's[43] forces were coming down from Canada upon
-the settlements of the United Colonies, and Massachusetts determined
-to ask the help of Connecticut in protecting the upper towns on the
-Connecticut River, Captain Sewell rode past Woodstock on his way to
-Connecticut. He was no doubt on business of state, being one of the
-Governor's Counsellors, and one of a Committee of Seven of the Council
-with the same power as the Council to arrange "for setting forth the
-forces."[44] The proximity of New Roxbury to Oxford in Massachusetts
-suggested to him, he tells us, the name of a famous place near old
-Oxford in England.
-
-In his Diary of March 18, 1689/90, Capt. Sewell, says:
-
-    "I gave New Roxbury the name of Woodstock, because of its nearness
-    to Oxford, for the sake of Queen Elizabeth, and the notable
-    meetings that have been held at the place bearing that name in
-    England, some of which Dr. Gilbert[45] informed me of when in
-    England. It stands on a Hill. I saw it as I [went] to Coventry, but
-    left it on the left hand. Some told Capt. Ruggles[46] that I gave
-    the name and put words in his mouth to desire of me a Bell for the
-    Town."[47]
-
-Though Judge Sewell, years after his first visit had social
-relations[48] with some of the inhabitants of Woodstock, there is
-no evidence to show that he ever gave a bell to the town or to the
-church.[49] But he gave us something better, a good name,--the name of
-Woodstock, associated with the memories of Saxon and Norman Kings, the
-spot where King Alfred translated "The Consolations of Philosophy,"
-by Boethius, the birthplace of the poet Chaucer, the prison of
-Queen Elizabeth.[50] History and romance[51] have made illustrious
-the names of Woodstock and Woodstock Park, and "the notable meetings"
-spoken of by Judge Sewell as having taken place in Old England have
-been transferred to the settlement in New England. Surely the name of
-Woodstock, as applied to the little village of New Roxbury, has proved
-to be no misnomer.
-
-It should be said that the western part of the town, when it became
-a settlement years after, revived the old name of New Roxbury. The
-church in West Woodstock belonged to what was called the Parish of New
-Roxbury, or the Second Precinct of Woodstock.[52]
-
-
-VI.
-
-The most pressing duty for our ancestors to perform, after securing
-a name and legalized status for the town, was the settlement of "an
-able, orthodox, godly minister." The Rev. Josiah Dwight, a graduate of
-Harvard College in the class of 1687, received the appointment, and
-was installed October 17, 1690, receiving L40 the first year, L50 the
-second, and L60 the third year and thereafter. It was with difficulty,
-however, that these sums were paid, and when, some years after, the
-account was settled by the payment of what was due, he gave a receipt
-in full "from the beginning of the world to May 6, 1696." A home lot
-was allowed Mr. Dwight according to the original drawing of lots, and
-arrangements were made to build a home for him immediately after his
-settlement. The following year,[53] it was determined to construct a
-house of worship, which was completed early[54] in 1694. This was the
-first meeting-house in Windham County, and here gathered, on Sabbath
-days, the settlers from miles around. The people of Pomfret attended
-church in this rude structure until 1715, when their own society was
-organized.
-
-The officers of the new town elected in 1690[55] were John Chandler,
-Sr., William Bartholomew, Benjamin Sabin, John Leavens, and Joseph
-Bugbee, as selectmen, and John Chandler, Jr., as town clerk. All
-of those men to-day have descendants in Woodstock or its immediate
-vicinity. At that time, the men of Woodstock imposed a fine of one and
-six pence upon every one who failed to attend the town meeting, and six
-pence an hour for tardiness. Disputes regarding titles to land, and the
-boundary line dividing the north half of the town, and disputes with
-the mother-town regarding this northern half, which belonged to Roxbury
-according to the terms of the grant, were vexatious, and not in every
-respect creditable to Woodstock. But Roxbury's interest in the northern
-half of Woodstock continued till 1797, when the lands had all been sold
-or become individual property. Large tracts, however, were held by
-Roxbury and Woodstock speculators for many years afterward.
-
-Troubles with the Indians, who returned to their old hunting and
-fishing haunts after the settlement of the town, broke out in 1696,[56]
-and again in 1700 and 1704, and even as late as 1724. When a war broke
-out abroad, there was trouble with the Indians at home. When an Indian
-outbreak was threatened, the town received some military assistance
-from the colony government. Such threatened outbreaks retarded the
-progress of the settlement.
-
-After discussing the question for several years, the town determined,
-in 1719,[57] to erect a new meeting-house near the burying-ground,
-instead of at the south end of the village, where the old building
-stood, yet so straitened were the people in their circumstances that
-they applied to the General Court in Boston, requesting that the
-unoccupied lands of the residents and non-residents of the town be
-taxed to the extent of L250, to be applied to the building of a church.
-As the non-residents' lands were almost entirely in the north half of
-the grant, and belonged to Roxbury people, Roxbury stoutly opposed
-the tax in a memorial to the General Court. When the General Court
-refused the petition, Woodstock asked to be excused from sending her
-representative to Boston. The town's representative at this time, in
-fact the first and only representative for many years, was Captain John
-Chandler, who, like his father Deacon John Chandler, was one of the
-first settlers. He surveyed lands in Woodstock and neighboring towns,
-and owned large tracts of territory in Connecticut and Massachusetts.
-To avoid the necessity of sending to Boston to have deeds recorded
-and wills proven, Captain Chandler tried to get the consent of the
-General Court in 1720 for the formation of a new county, to be called
-Worcester County, of which Woodstock should be a part, but a delay
-ensued until 1731, when Captain, now Colonel, Chandler was successful.
-Woodstock became one of the most prominent towns of Worcester County,
-and John Chandler was made Chief-Justice of the Court of Common Pleas
-and General Sessions.[58]
-
-
-VII.
-
-Ecclesiastical affairs have been so interwoven with town affairs,
-that it is impossible to give a sketch of Woodstock without giving a
-history of the churches. It may, however, be done briefly, as others
-have been appointed to speak specially for the different church
-organizations of the town. Though the first minister, the Rev. Josiah
-Dwight, was of the "Standing Order," so-called, and believed in the
-Cambridge platform, yet he was suspected of theological looseness and,
-besides many idiosyncrasies, was accused of "speculating in the wild
-lands of Killingly." The first settlers had no end of trouble with
-him, especially regarding money matters, and he was finally removed
-September 3, 1726. The next regular minister was Rev. Amos Throop,
-who was installed May 24, 1727. Like Mr. Dwight, he was a graduate
-of Harvard College, and came to Woodstock at the age of twenty-five.
-Naturally he found fault when the town attempted to pay him his salary
-in the depreciated currency of the time. But the eight years of his
-ministry endeared him to the settlement, and his sudden death in
-1735[59] was keenly felt by his parishioners. The town assumed the
-expense of his gravestone, upon which may be read these words:
-
-    "O cruel death, to snatch from us below,
-      One fit to live within the spheres on high;
-    But since the great Creator orders so,
-      Here at his feet he doth submissive lie."
-
-During the pastorate of Mr. Throop the western part of the town[60]
-had received some settlers, mostly the sons of Woodstock's first
-settlers. In 1727 Joshua Chandler took possession of some land that had
-been given him by his father, Col. John Chandler, and representatives
-of the families of Child, Corbin, Lyon, Aspinwall, Bugbee, Morris,
-Marcy, Morse, Payson, Perrin, Johnson, Frizzel, Griggs, and Paine soon
-followed. In 1733[61] the town arranged to have a school-house built
-in this part of the town, and, the settlers increasing, West Parish
-desired[62] to have religious services of its own for four months of
-the year at the expense of the whole town. This request, it was argued,
-was only fair, inasmuch as the western half was obliged to contribute
-to the support of the Church on the Hill. But the town refused[63] to
-assume any of the charges. After trying the experiment for two winters,
-the West Parish people found the expense of supporting both ministers
-to be too great a burden, and they therefore again asked[64] the help
-of the town, and were refused. They still persisted, and petitioned[65]
-that the western half might be formed into a distinct township. Town
-meetings were held, and at last permission was given[66] them to
-address the General Court in Boston on the subject. But their petition
-to the General Court was dismissed. The West Woodstock people, however,
-insisted on the formation of a parish where they could worship God
-in their own fashion, and not be obliged to aid any church outside
-of their parish. They were willing to give up all idea of a town of
-their own. This modified request was now made to the town[67] and to
-the General Court.[68] The General Court complied by passing an act in
-1743,[69] incorporating the district as "The West Parish of Woodstock."
-A meeting was at once held,[70] at which it was determined to survey
-the line dividing the two portions of the town. West Parish was now
-called by the old name of New Roxbury. These acts were afterwards
-approved by the General Assembly of Connecticut when Woodstock withdrew
-from under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts.[71] In 1747 Rev. Stephen
-Williams was ordained pastor.
-
-The church[72] on the Hill was under the pastorate of Rev. Abel S.
-Stiles, who had been ordained in 1737.[73] But the fact that Mr.
-Stiles was a graduate of Yale College[74] instead of Harvard, as his
-two predecessors had been, and his family connections[75] were all
-with Connecticut, his parishioners were led to believe that he would
-favor the "Saybrook Platform" of faith, rather than the "Cambridge
-Platform," and if there was one thing our ancestors abhorred quite as
-much as Episcopacy or popery it was the "Saybrook Platform." To be
-tainted with that form of faith, as was the case with Mr. Stiles after
-his settlement in Woodstock, was heresy indeed, and Woodstock was
-determined, according to her grant of 1683, to have none other but an
-"able, orthodox, godly minister." Instead of attending the Association
-of Ministers in Massachusetts, Mr. Stiles preferred the meetings of the
-Windham County Association in Connecticut, and when Woodstock became a
-part of Connecticut the troubles with Mr. Stiles increased. Councils
-were held. Pastor and parishioners tried to discipline each other.
-The General Assembly of Connecticut was appealed to. Threats--even
-violence was resorted to. But without going into the details of this
-long-protracted struggle, let it be said that there were two parties
-in the controversy, one side sympathizing with Mr. Stiles in his more
-liberal theological views, and the other side at first insisting
-on a minister who should conform in all respects to the "Standing
-Order," and afterwards opposed to Mr. Stiles personally as well as
-theologically. The Stiles party had favored, while the anti-Stiles
-party had opposed, the annexation of Woodstock to Connecticut. The
-result of the quarrel was a break in the church in 1760. The North
-Society was constituted by act[76] of the General Assembly, and Mr.
-Stiles and his followers went to Muddy Brook. Thus was formed the Third
-Congregational Church of Woodstock, and here Mr. Stiles continued to
-preach until his death in 1783.[77] When it was determined in 1831,
-by the church in East Woodstock, to build a new meeting-house on the
-spot of the old one erected in 1767, the people in Village Corners
-objected to the location and formed a society of their own--the Fourth
-Congregational Church of Woodstock.
-
-After the departure of Mr. Stiles the First Church was without a pastor
-for three years. Much time was spent in "going after ministers." The
-young Yale graduates who preached on trial did not please the church,
-whose sympathies were still with Massachusetts. Finally the Rev. Abiel
-Leonard, a graduate of Harvard College,[78] was installed on June 23,
-1763. Of the twelve churches asked to assist in the ordination only
-one[79] was a Connecticut organization. In fact it was not until the
-year 1815 that the church, after an adherence to the Cambridge order
-of faith for a hundred and twenty-five years, finally accepted the
-"Saybrook Platform," and joined the Connecticut association. The church
-was prosperous under Mr. Leonard. Largely owing to his influence the
-quarrel between the First and Third Churches was healed.[80] In 1775,
-on the breaking out of the Revolutionary War, Mr. Leonard was made
-Chaplain of the Third Regiment of Connecticut troops. The church, at
-the request of the commander, Colonel, afterwards General, Israel
-Putnam, granted the necessary leave of absence. The following year
-Washington and Putnam joined in writing a letter[81] to the church at
-Woodstock asking for a continued leave of absence for Mr. Leonard,
-praising him in the highest terms, and saying:
-
-    "He is employed in the glorious work of attending to the morals of
-    a brave people who are fighting for their liberties--the liberties
-    of the people of Woodstock--the liberties of all America."
-
-Agreeable a gentleman as Mr. Leonard was, he was suddenly superseded
-while on a visit to Woodstock, and on receiving the mortifying news
-when _en route_ to join the army he at once committed suicide.
-
-If ever there was an "able, orthodox, godly minister," of the true
-Massachusetts type, such as old Woodstock always loved to have, he was
-the Rev. Eliphalet Lyman, who was ordained in 1779. Although a graduate
-of Yale College,[82] he fulfilled the conditions of the Cambridge
-Platform, and continued pastor of the First Church for forty-five
-years, and was warmly interested in the religious and educational
-development of the town. He was the last of the historic ministers
-of Woodstock. He was respected and he was feared. The boys stopped
-playing ball when "Old Priest Lyman," in cocked hat and knee breeches,
-remembered by some of you here to-day, walked up the common.
-
-
-VIII.
-
-It should now be related how Woodstock, settled under Massachusetts,
-became a part of the State of Connecticut. Massachusetts claimed
-Woodstock, because the grant was supposed to lie within her chartered
-bounds as surveyed in 1642, and that claim was what Major Daniel
-Gookin referred to when he rebuked the agent of Uncas in 1674, during
-his visit with John Eliot, at Woodstock. But Massachusetts did not
-believe that the line of 1642 was wrong when she confirmed the grant
-to the Roxbury settlers. She even censured Woodstock for daring to ask
-Connecticut to confirm a portion of the grant that fell south of this
-line. Though Connecticut justly held she was entitled to Woodstock,
-according to the terms of her charter, she was, nevertheless, willing
-to forego her claim to this town, provided Massachusetts would allow
-her to have the jurisdiction over other territory claimed by both
-colonies. But the repeated attempts to settle the controversy failed,
-and it was not till 1713 that an agreement was finally concluded. For
-the privilege of having jurisdiction over Woodstock and the other
-towns claimed by both sides, Massachusetts agreed to compensate
-Connecticut, by giving her unimproved lands in Western Massachusetts
-and New Hampshire. These lands were therefore called "equivalent
-lands," and were sold by Connecticut for $2,274, and the money given
-to Yale College. Woodstock was entirely satisfied with this agreement,
-as all her associations were with Massachusetts. But in 1747 the town
-thought that her taxes, which had been increased owing to the French
-and Spanish wars,[83] would be lighter, and her privileges greater,
-if she followed Suffield, Enfield, and Somers "in trying to get off
-to Connecticut." So Woodstock applied to Connecticut, claiming that
-the agreement of 1713 had been made without her consent. After much
-deliberation, Connecticut voted in 1749 to receive the town, and
-declared the agreement of 1713 not binding. Woodstock was delighted at
-being received into Connecticut, and at a memorable town meeting[84]
-made Thomas Chandler and Henry Bowen the first members of the General
-Assembly. Though Woodstock has since 1749 been a part of this State,
-Massachusetts would never formally yield jurisdiction over the town,
-and even as late as 1768 warned the inhabitants not to pay taxes to
-Connecticut. In fact had it not been for the Revolution, Massachusetts
-might still be claiming Woodstock.[85] It might be added that
-Woodstock, in being annexed to Connecticut, lost about three thousand
-acres north of the colony line. This strip of land was known as the
-"Middlesex Gore" for forty-five years, and was annexed to Dudley and
-Sturbridge in 1794.
-
-After becoming a part of Connecticut, Woodstock was anxious that the
-northern half of Windham County should be made into a separate county,
-of which Woodstock should be the shire-town, but as Pomfret also
-desired the county seat, and as the State seemed unwilling to act, the
-project fell through.[86]
-
-
-IX.
-
-Woodstock's military glory is something of which she may well be proud.
-Representatives of the Morris, Bowen, Hubbard, and Johnson families,
-who came to Woodstock in 1686, fought under Captain Isaac Johnson, of
-Roxbury, in King Philip's War, and were in the famous Narragansett
-battle in 1675, when Captain Johnson was killed.[87] For the first
-forty years after the settlement of the town the Indian troubles made
-every man acquainted with the use of fire-arms, and when in later years
-there appeared no danger at home, our ancestors were ready to fight
-abroad either savage or foreign foes. In 1724, Colonel John Chandler
-received orders from Boston to impress twenty Woodstock men for the
-frontier service,[88] which meant that they should fight Indians in
-Central Massachusetts. When the news of the war between France and
-Great Britain was received in Boston in 1744,[89] fifty[90] men from
-Colonel Thomas Chandler's[91] regiment guarded the frontier, and
-history declares that this regiment, commanded by a Woodstock man,
-rendered efficient service in the capture of Louisburg in 1745.[92] In
-1748, before the treaty of Aix la Chapelle had been signed,[93] the
-death was chronicled of several Woodstock men who had gone up into New
-Hampshire to fight[94] the Indians with a company of colony troops. In
-the French and Indian War[95] for the conquest of Canada, the families
-of Bacon, Bugbee, Child, Corbin, Chandler, Frizzel, Griggs, Holmes,
-Lyon, Marcy, McClellan, Manning, Peake, and Perrin had representatives
-who distinguished themselves in the service. Woodstock and Pomfret
-boys composed the company of Captain Israel Putnam in this war. The
-McClellan and Lyon of the Seven Years' War were the McClellan and Lyon
-of the Revolution, and were of the same family as the McClellan and
-Lyon so celebrated and so much beloved in our own Civil War.
-
-The service rendered by Woodstock during the Revolution was most
-valuable. The town voted to purchase as few British goods as possible,
-and sent sixty-five fat sheep to Boston as a contribution to alleviate
-what the town records call "the distressed and suffering circumstances"
-of that city. Captain Elisha Child, Charles Church Chandler, Jedediah
-Morse, Captain Samuel McClellan, and Nathaniel Child, were appointed
-a committee[96] "for maintaining a correspondence with the towns of
-this and the neighboring colonies." The spirit of revolution, which had
-been growing, rose to fever-heat when the powder stored in Cambridge
-by the patriots was removed, in September of 1774, to Boston. The news
-flew as fast through the New England towns as horses' hoofs could
-take it. A son of Esquire Wolcott brought the news to Curtis' tavern
-in Dudley, and a son of Captain Clark carried it to his father's
-house in Woodstock, where it was carried to Colonel Israel Putnam in
-Pomfret.[97] The young men of Woodstock did not wait for the call to
-arms. They hurried to Cambridge, and, with the inhabitants of that and
-other towns, were with difficulty restrained from marching into Boston
-to demand, with their loaded muskets, the return of the powder. At the
-very beginning of the Revolution Woodstock was eager to do its duty.
-When the cry went through New England that blood had been shed at that
-"birthplace of American liberty," the historic Lexington, one hundred
-and eighty-nine men from Woodstock answered that call.[98] Ephraim
-Manning, Stephen Lyon, Asa Morris, and William Frizzel were officers
-in Colonel Israel Putnam's regiment when that regiment was stationed
-at Cambridge, while Captain Samuel McClellan had charge of the troop
-of horse, of which John Flynn was trumpeter. Captain Nathaniel Marcy,
-Captains Elisha and Benjamin Child, Lieut. Josiah Child, Captain Daniel
-Lyon, Jabez and John Fox, Samuel Perry, and many other Woodstock men,
-rendered services in this war equally efficient. When Samuel Perry,
-in his old age, used to go up to the store on Woodstock Hill in the
-evening, the boys would ask him to tell them about the battle of Bunker
-Hill, and would always ask if he had killed any of the British in that
-battle. "I don't know whether I killed any," was his reply, "but I took
-good aim, fired, and saw them drop!" Another Woodstock name, always
-honored at home as another of the same family name is to-day no less
-honored abroad, was Dr. David Holmes He had served as surgeon in the
-French war, and--
-
-                                ----"lived to see
-    The bloodier strife that made our nation free,
-    To serve with willing toil, with skilful hand,
-    The war-worn saviors of the bleeding land."[99]
-
-When Washington assumed charge of the troops in Cambridge, the Rev.
-Abiel Leonard, the beloved pastor of the First Church at Woodstock,
-preached most acceptably. Washington heard him and became his warm
-friend. Woodstock's importance during the Revolution was considerable.
-One line of stages between Woodstock and New London and another line
-between Woodstock and New Haven and Hartford were established, which
-carried the war news weekly to be distributed through the colony and
-thence taken to New York. During the entire war Woodstock did more
-than her share. While there were many from this town who served the
-patriot cause with glory to themselves and honor to Woodstock, the
-name of Capt., afterwards Gen., Samuel McClellan stands out the most
-illustrious. When the currency of the Continentals had depreciated and
-no funds were forthcoming with which to pay the soldiers, Gen., or more
-exactly Col., McClellan advanced L1,000 from his own private purse to
-pay the men of his regiment. But a memorial of the Revolution in which
-Woodstock may well take the greatest pride is found in the historic
-elm-trees in South Woodstock, planted by the wife of General McClellan
-on receiving the news of the battle of Lexington. All honor to the
-men of Woodstock who fought for and gained their liberties in the
-Revolution, and all honor to their wives, who were equally patriotic at
-home!
-
-In the War of 1812 Woodstock was also ready to do its duty. When Major
-William Flynn, of Woodstock Hill, received the news, one evening just
-after dark, that several British men-of-war were hovering about New
-London, and that it was in danger of attack, he rode horseback about
-the country during the night, to see officers and men and warn them
-to assemble on the Common at noon the next day; but when he returned
-to his home at sunrise he found the Common covered with soldiers
-ready to go to New London immediately. The patriotic spirit always
-characteristic of Woodstock was conspicuous in the War of 1812.
-
-Woodstock was no less patriotic during the Rebellion. When President
-Lincoln called for volunteers to maintain the unity of the country,
-this town did her full share in that struggle. Many of you remember
-attending the funeral of General Nathaniel Lyon, who was killed at
-the beginning of the war and was buried with military honors in our
-neighboring town of Eastford. Though not a native of Woodstock, Gen.
-Lyon was descended from an honored family which has been conspicuous
-in the history of this town from the day of its settlement. But a
-name even more illustrious is that of Gen. George B. McClellan, whose
-grandfather was a native of Woodstock, and whose great-grandfather
-was Gen. Samuel McClellan, and who himself, as a boy, visited the
-town. You saw him beneath these very trees two years ago. You heard
-him speak at that time words of love for Woodstock and words of
-welcome to distinguished strangers. His voice is no longer heard, but
-the name of General McClellan will be remembered as long as the name
-of Woodstock itself shall last. Blessed then be the memory of Gen.
-George B. McClellan! Woodstock will ever cherish his services and the
-services of all its sons who fought for their country in the terrible
-struggle between the North and the South! The graves in the different
-burying-grounds of the town, that you annually decorate with flowers,
-tell more eloquently than words what Woodstock did during the Civil
-War.
-
-
-X.
-
-Woodstock has never been negligent in the cause of education. As soon
-as the settlement became an organized town, John Chandler, Jr., was
-appointed to instruct the children to write and cipher. As the town
-grew in population, it was divided into school districts. In 1739
-was established the United English Library for the Propagation of
-Christianity and Useful Knowledge. Col. John Chandler was the moderator
-at the first meeting, and the Rev. Abel Stiles, John May, Benjamin
-Child, and Pennel Bowen, of Woodstock, and leading citizens of Pomfret
-and Killingly, assisted in the organization.[100] It was Gen. Samuel
-McClellan and his sons John and James McClellan, the Rev. Eliphalet
-Lyman, William Bowen, Parker Comings, Nehemiah Child, Ebenezer Smith,
-William Potter, Hezekiah Bugbee, Benjamin Lyon, Ebenezer Skinner, and
-Amos Paine who established Woodstock Academy, at the beginning of the
-present century, and the influence of that honored institution has been
-deep and far-reaching. But who can measure the good done by Woodstock
-Academy, or by the different churches and other organizations of the
-town? Such institutions are our heritage, and our duty and privilege it
-is to improve their character and transmit them to future generations,
-with the memories and traditions of the town itself.
-
-
-XI.
-
-Citizens of Woodstock, listen while I call the roll of some of the
-distinguished men who have lived or were born in the town. Of the
-first settlers was Col. John Chandler, probably the most distinguished
-citizen that Woodstock had during its first century, the man who made
-Woodstock known and respected throughout New England. His descendants
-include the Rev. Thomas Bradbury Chandler, D.D., Winthrop Chandler, the
-artist, the Hon. John Church Chandler, Judge John Winthrop Chandler,
-and others, who have been prominent in Woodstock and throughout the
-country. No one of the first settlers was more distinguished than
-Edward Morris, who died three years after the town was settled. His
-family was prominent in the history of old Roxbury, and all through
-the last century in Woodstock. Commodore Charles Morris, a native[101]
-of Woodstock and well known in the War of 1812, and his son, Commodore
-George N. Morris, Commander in the Civil War of the United States
-sloop-of-war _Cumberland_ in Hampton Roads, belong to the same family,
-as well as the Hon. J. F. Morris, of Hartford, whom I am sure we are
-glad to welcome as our presiding officer to-day. John Marcy, a first
-settler, was the ancestor of Hon. William Leonard Marcy, Governor
-of the State of New York, Secretary of War under President Polk and
-Secretary of State under President Pierce. Abiel Holmes,[102] D.D.,
-LL.D., author of "Annals of America," and his father, Dr. David Holmes,
-a surgeon in the French and Revolutionary wars, were born in Woodstock,
-and were descended from John Holmes, a first settler. Abiel Holmes'
-son, Oliver Wendell Holmes, though not born in Woodstock, will be
-remembered, I am sure, for the beautiful tribute he paid his ancestors
-in the poem he read in this very park in 1877. The name of Morse has
-always been identified with Woodstock. Deacon Jedediah Morse held about
-all the offices in town that he could lawfully hold, and was deacon
-of the First Church for forty-three years. His son, the Rev. Jedediah
-Morse, D.D., a graduate of Yale College and the father of American
-geography, was also born in Woodstock. His grandson was Prof. Samuel
-F. B. Morse, who was more widely known as the inventor of the electric
-telegraph. Another Woodstock boy was General William Eaton[103] who ran
-away, from home at the age of sixteen to enter the Revolutionary War,
-and was distinguished during the first years of the century as the
-protector of American commerce in the Mediterranean. Amasa Walker, too,
-was born in Woodstock, the father of political economy in this country,
-or better still, the father of Gen. Francis A. Walker, the respected
-President of the School of Technology in Boston. Another honored name
-in Woodstock is that of Williams, including Samuel Williams, Sr., the
-Commissioner of Roxbury in the settlement of New Roxbury, the Rev.
-Stephen Williams, the first pastor of the church at West Parish, and
-Jared W. Williams, the Governor of Vermont and a native of this town.
-Governors, members of Congress, men distinguished in law, theology, and
-medicine, in trade and on the farm, have been born in Woodstock. The
-roll of honor could be multiplied; but in speaking of the distinguished
-men it would be impossible to forget the lessons taught, the struggles
-endured, and the sacrifices made by the mothers of Woodstock, who all
-through these two centuries have inspired their sons with feelings
-that have made them industrious, honored, and religious. Praise be,
-therefore, to the women of Woodstock! This town has the right to be
-proud of such noble sons and daughters, and we have the right to be
-proud that such a town as old Woodstock has nourished us and blessed us
-with such memories and influences.
-
-
-XII.
-
-What has the town done to make us proud of it? It has exerted an
-influence for good upon the country wherever its inhabitants have
-settled. Such settlements have been many. During the early history
-of the plantation, Woodstock men assisted largely in the settlement
-of Ashford, Pomfret, Killingly, and other neighboring towns. As the
-surplus population increased, migrations were made to the wild regions
-of Vermont and New Hampshire. Later came the settlements made by
-Connecticut, in the provinces of New York and Pennsylvania, in which
-Woodstock families were almost without exception represented. At the
-close of the Revolution the wave of emigration extended still farther
-West, and some of the oldest families in Ohio trace their ancestry back
-to this very town. To-day Woodstock has its representatives in almost
-every State in the Union, and the material growth and prosperity of
-the country has been in full measure owing to the settlements made by
-men from towns in New England like Woodstock. The ideas inherited from
-Puritan ancestors and modified according to existing circumstances have
-made towns, cities, even States, in which the whole country to-day
-takes the warmest pride. The man who inherits New England traditions
-from towns like Woodstock is worth more to the country than an army of
-Anarchists and Socialists.
-
-Woodstock is distinguished, too, for its "notable meetings," inherited
-from the Woodstock in England, of which Judge Sewell speaks. The first
-"notable meeting" was when John Eliot preached to the Indians on Plaine
-Hill. The second "notable meeting" was when the first settlers drew
-their home lots in Wabbaquasset Hall. The third "notable meeting"
-was at the funeral of Col. John Chandler in 1743, attended by the
-leading men in the colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. The
-church meetings of the last century, the town meeting when Woodstock
-transferred its allegiance to Connecticut, meetings during the
-Revolution, the old "training days" on Woodstock Common, have been
-followed by no end of "notable meetings" during the present century.
-But the one "notable meeting" that those of us present here to-day have
-in mind, was when Ulysses S. Grant, General of the Army, Savior of the
-Country and President of the United States, visited the town in 1870.
-
-But the chief glory of the town of Woodstock has been its love of local
-law. The source of the power of the continental nations of Europe may
-be traced back through the centuries to the village communities and
-Teutonic townships. In the mark, tithing, and parish of England the
-same principle of local self-government may be seen; and so our own
-nation's greatness, through Anglo-Saxon inheritance, has its source,
-not in the State, city, or county, but in the little school districts,
-villages, and towns of New England. Woodstock has been like a miniature
-republic, and has always believed in the supremacy of local law. Its
-refusal to send its representative to the General Court at Boston
-unless it could tax its own property as it pleased, and the refusal,
-for political reasons, of its delegates at the State Convention in
-1788 to vote for the ratification of the Constitution of the United
-States, are instances of the extreme independence of Woodstock. What
-it conscientiously believed, the town has never been slow to proclaim.
-Tenacious as Woodstock has always been of its privileges and its
-rights, its loyalty to the country, from the day the thirteen colonies
-became a nation, has never been questioned.
-
-
-XIII.
-
-I have given scarce more than a sketch in outline of what the history
-of Woodstock has been during the two hundred years since that historic
-band of brave boys and sturdy men, of deft-handed girls and sober
-matrons, swarmed like bees from the Roxbury hive[104] and settled on
-the Wabbaquasset hills. What Woodstock's history shall be remains for
-you, men and women of Woodstock, to develop. The fathers have kept
-bright the honest traditions and stout independence, the industrious
-thrift and religious faith which their Puritan fathers brought to the
-new settlement. The sons of this generation can be trusted to preserve
-and transmit them to their descendants. You, men of Woodstock, have
-your duties in the family, on the farm, toward your schools, and to
-your churches. All that the fathers have done puts an added obligation
-upon you. The improvement and development of the town depend on the
-individual exertions of its citizens. If you are young, infuse some of
-your own enthusiasm and intelligence into its different organizations.
-If you are old, remember these institutions in a substantial way.
-Woodstock will be what you make it. Michel Angelo saw in the block the
-exquisite unsculptured statue. Many blows of the chisel were necessary
-to disclose the perfect ideal to the eyes of a wondering world. In
-thought, in plan, in ideal, this town has been almost a perfect
-organization; but only those whose high vision is willing to pierce
-through all encrusting imperfections shall be the artists whose toil
-and sacrifices shall make this dear, noble, historic town of Woodstock
-an honor to the State and a blessing to its citizens. It is said that
-old John Eliot, from the high pulpit in Roxbury, used to pray every
-Sabbath for the new settlers at Woodstock. The words of those prayers
-are not preserved, but may the spirit of them come down through the
-centuries to inspire the hearts of all who inherit the blood of the
-early settlers of this ancient town. God, our fathers' God, bless old
-Woodstock!
-
-
-FOOTNOTES:
-
-[1] Also spelt Roxberry, Roxborough, Rocksborough.
-
-[2] July 30, 1630.
-
-[3] Young's "Chronicles of Massachusetts," p. 396.
-
-[4] Winthrop's "Journal," by Savage, vol. i., p. 111.
-
-[5] "Ordained over the First Church, Nov. 5, 1632."--Eliot's tomb in
-Roxbury.
-
-[6] "Memorial History of Boston," vol. i., p. 403.
-
-[7] Though the Williamses did not settle permanently in Woodstock till
-some years after the first settlement, the family was most prominent in
-Roxbury, and one of its representatives visited the grant officially in
-1686.
-
-[8] Drake's "Town of Roxbury" and "Memorial History of Boston," vol.
-i., pp. 401-422.
-
-[9] De Forest's "Indians of Connecticut," and Palfrey's "History of New
-England," and Miss Ellen D. Larned's "History of Windham County."
-
-[10] Also "called the Wabbaquassett and Whetstone country; and
-sometimes the Mohegan conquered country, as Uncas had conquered and
-added it to his sachemdom." Trumbull's "History of Connecticut," vol.
-i., 31.
-
-[11] September.
-
-[12] Winthrop's "Journal," by Savage, vol. i, 132. Palfrey's "Hist. of
-New England," vol. i., 369. The same year (Nov. 1633), "Samuel Hall and
-two other persons travelled westward into the country as far as this
-[Connecticut] river." Holmes' "Annals," vol. i., 220.
-
-[13] Winthrop's "Journal," vol. i., 171.
-
-[14] Possibly some of the Dorchester emigrants, including Henry
-Wolcott, William Phelps, and others, may have passed a little south of
-this line. Dr. McClure's MSS., in the possession of the Connecticut
-Historical Society: "In a conversation with the late aged and
-respectable Capt. Sabin of Pomfret, Ct., he related to me the following
-discovery, viz.: About forty years ago he felled a large and ancient
-yoke about the north line of Pomfret adjoining Woodstock. On cutting
-within some inches of the heart of the tree it was seen to have been
-cut and chipped with some short tool like an axe. Rightly judging that
-at the time when it must have been done the Indians so far inland were
-destitute and ignorant of the use of iron tools, he counted the number
-of the annual circular rings from the said marks to the bark of the
-tree, and found that there were as many rings as the years which had
-intervened from the migration of the Dorchester party to that time.
-Hence 'the probability that they had journeyed along the north border
-of Pomfret, and as they traveled by a compass, the conjecture is
-corroborated by that course being nearly in a direct line from Boston
-to the place of their settlement on the Connecticut River.'"--Stiles'
-"History of Ancient Windsor," p. 26.
-
-[15] "Memorial Hist. of Boston," vol. i., 263.
-
-[16] "Historical Collections of the Indians in New England. By Daniel
-Gookin, Gentleman, Printed from the original manuscript, 1792." See
-"Collections Mass. Hist. Soc.," vol. i., First Series, pp. 190-192.
-
-[17] Wabbaquasset, or Woodstock.
-
-[18] Dudley.
-
-[19] 1674.
-
-[20] Black James was a distinguished Indian. He met Eliot again in
-Cambridge in June of 1681, where a meeting of the claimants of the
-Nipmuck country was held. The village and much of the land of the town
-of Dudley was known years after the settlement of Woodstock as "The
-Land of Black James and Company."--Ammidown's "Historical Collections,"
-vol. i., 406, 461.
-
-[21] Named after "Wabbaquasset Hall," built in the spring or summer of
-1686.
-
-[22] Palfrey's "History of New England," vol. iii., 159.
-
-[23] Mrs. L. H. Sigourney's "Pocahontas."
-
-[24] Feb. 10, 1682.
-
-[25] Ellis' "History of Roxbury Town": "When the people of Roxbury came
-to take up lands, they selected their locations amongst the praying
-Indians or where Indians had been converted to Christianity.... This
-certainly is a sure indication of the steady adherence of his [John
-Eliot's] fellow-townsmen and their belief in the actual benefits of
-his missionary labors."
-
-[26] Oct. 6, 10, and 17.
-
-[27] Joseph Griggs, John Ruggles, and Edward Morris.
-
-[28] Dec. 5, 1683.
-
-[29] "Records of the Governor and Company of Massachusetts Bay in New
-England," vol. v., 426.
-
-[30] Oct. 27, 1684.
-
-[31] Jan. 28th.
-
-[32] "Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in
-New England," vol. v., 468.
-
-[33] Committee appointed May 14, 1686, and reported to Roxbury June
-12th.
-
-[34] Though the name of John Ruggles was on the list of "goers" and a
-house lot was drawn for him, he did not settle in Woodstock. The family
-of Ruggles is prominent among the first settlers in Pomfret.
-
-[35] This Jonathan Peake was the father of Jonathan Peake, Jr., born in
-1663, who came to Woodstock in April of 1687.
-
-[36] Lot 43 was given to Clement Corbin soon after the drawing of home
-lots. The inscription of his rude gravestone reads: "Here lies buried
-the body of Clement Corbin, aged 70, deceast August ye 1st, 1696."
-
-[37] The inscription on this small gravestone in the burying-ground on
-Woodstock Hill is read with difficulty and is as follows: "Here lies
-buried ye body of Lieu. Edward Morris, deceas'd September 14, 1689."
-
-Many of the first settlers now have no stones to mark their graves, and
-perhaps never had.
-
-[38] At that time twenty-four years old.
-
-[39] MSS. of Deacon Jedediah Morse, in the possession of Henry T.
-Child, of Woodstock.
-
-[40] Windsor was first called Dorchester and Hartford was first called
-Newtown.
-
-[41] Born in England, son of Henry Sewell of Rowley, Mass., and
-grandson of Henry Sewell, mayor of Coventry, England. In 1684, he
-became an Assistant.
-
-[42] Memorial "History of Boston," vol. i., 210, 540.
-
-[43] Hildreth's "History of the United States," vol. ii., 130.
-Trumbull's "History of Connecticut," vol. i., 401, 402. Palfrey's
-"Hist. of New England," vol. iv., 46. Holmes' "Annals of America," vol.
-i., 430, 431. Bancroft's "Hist. of the U. S.," vol. iii., 183.
-
-[44] "Collections of the Mass. Hist. Soc.," vol. v., Fifth Series, p.
-315, foot-note. Palfrey's "Hist, of N. E.," vol. iv., 48, foot-note,
-and appendix. The other six members of the Committee were Simon
-Bradstreet (Governor), Sir William Phips (Governor, 1692-95), Maj. Gen.
-Wait Winthrop, Maj. Elisha Hutchinson, Col. Samuel Shrimpton, and Maj.
-John Richards.
-
-[45] Thomas Gilbert, D.D., of Oxford University, author of "Carmen
-Congratulatorum." Judge Sewell visited him in England, and was shown
-by Dr. Gilbert the Bodleian Library, "a very magnificent Thing." See
-Sewell papers: Fifth Series, Mass. Hist. Soc. Collection, vols, v.,
-vi., vii. We may be allowed to suppose that Dr. Gilbert took Judge
-Sewell to Woodstock, only eight miles from Oxford University, where
-the latter perhaps was impressed for the first time with the name and
-historical associations of Woodstock.
-
-[46] Capt. Ruggles of Roxbury, who died Aug. 15, 1692, of whom Sewell
-says, in his Diary, Aug. 16th: "Capt. Ruggles also buried this day,
-died last night, but could not be kept."
-
-[47] Proceedings of Mass. Hist. Soc. for Feb., 1873, p. 399.
-
-[48] Rev. Mr. Dwight, of Woodstock, dined with him Aug. 24, 1718,
-and made a prayer at his court Nov. 7, 1718. Also see Diary, Jan. 2,
-1724: "Paid Mr. Josiah Dwight of Woodstock in full, of his demands for
-boarding Madam Usher there about six or seven weeks in the year 1718,
-L2-11." John Acquittimaug, of Woodstock, an Indian, who lived to be
-one hundred and fourteen years old, was entertained by Judge Sewell
-in 1723. _Boston News-Letter_, Aug. 29, 1723. The wills of Woodstock
-people were proved before "the Honorable Samuel Sewell, Judge of
-Probate." MSS. of Martin Paine of South Woodstock.
-
-[49] Paraclete Skinner, of Woodstock, who remembers the second
-meeting-house that was taken down in 1821, says that that structure
-never had a bell.
-
-[50] While in custody at Woodstock, Queen Elizabeth, according to the
-chronicler, Raphael Holinshed, wrote with a diamond on a pane of glass
-in her room these words:
-
-"Much suspected--of me Nothing proved can be, Quoth Elizabeth, prisoner."
-
-
-[51] Sir Walter Scott's novel of "Woodstock."
-
-[52] The last time that the name of New Roxbury, as applied to the name
-of the whole town, appears in the Proprietors' Records of Woodstock is
-March 18, 1689. The first time the name of Woodstock appears is May 26,
-1690: Woodstock Records.
-
-[53] 1691.
-
-[54] March.
-
-[55] Town meeting November 27th and 28th.
-
-[56] Woodstock, at this time, was under the restrictions of frontier
-towns. It was called a "frontier town" in 1695.--Mass. Hist. Society
-Proceedings, 1871-1873, p. 395.
-
-[57] December 28th.
-
-[58] Lincoln's "History of Worcester County."
-
-[59] Sept. 7th.
-
-[60] Manuscript Records of Second Precinct of Woodstock, or Parish
-of New Roxbury, in the possession of G. Clinton Williams, of West
-Woodstock.
-
-[61] May 16th.
-
-[62] Petition to town Nov. 2, 1736.
-
-[63] July, 1737.
-
-[64] 1739.
-
-[65] Oct. 2, 1741.
-
-[66] April, 1742.
-
-[67] Letter of Aug., 1742, to selectmen.
-
-[68] Nov. 18, 1742.
-
-[69] Sept. 14th.
-
-[70] In the school-house Sept. 27th.
-
-[71] Line dividing East and West Parishes approved by General Assembly
-of Connecticut in 1753, and name of New Roxbury approved in 1754.
-
-[72] The old First Church. See Records of First and Third
-Congregational Churches, and Miss Larned's "History of Windham County."
-
-[73] July 27th.
-
-[74] Class of 1733.
-
-[75] He was the son of John Stiles, who belonged to one of the oldest
-families of Windsor, and was the brother of Rev. Isaac Stiles, a
-graduate of Yale College in the class of 1722, and was uncle of Ezra
-Stiles, President of Yale College. President Stiles often visited
-Woodstock after his uncle had settled at Muddy Brook, now called East
-Woodstock.
-
-[76] Oct., 1761.
-
-[77] July 25th, at the age of 74.
-
-[78] Class of 1759.
-
-[79] Killingly.
-
-[80] Vote of First Church passed Dec. 8, 1766.
-
-[81] Letter dated Cambridge, March 24, 1776.
-
-[82] Class of 1776.
-
-[83] Hutchinson's "History of Massachusetts," vol. iii., 6-8; vol. ii.,
-363-396.
-
-[84] July 28, 1749.
-
-[85] Woodstock speaks of Massachusetts' repeated claims in a memorial
-to Conn. Gen. Assembly, May 2, 1771.
-
-[86] Gen. Putnam was much interested in this project. A meeting to
-promote the idea was held at his house in Pomfret, Feb. 11, 1771. The
-State again refused the application for a new county, when Pomfret
-applied in 1786 for a new county, "with Pomfret for shire-town."
-
-[87] Captain Johnson was the father of Nathaniel Johnson, and
-father-in-law of Lieutenant Henry Bowen, both first settlers of
-Woodstock.
-
-[88] "The Chandler Family," by Dr. George Chandler.
-
-[89] England declared war against France March 31st.
-
-[90] Seven hundred men from Massachusetts, of which Woodstock was then
-a part, were impressed for this service.
-
-[91] Lieut.-Col. Thomas Chandler was the son of Col. John Chandler,
-and was Woodstock's first representative to the General Assembly of
-Connecticut. Ante p. 44.
-
-[92] The forces were furnished by New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and
-Connecticut, and amounted to 4,070.
-
-[93] October 7th.
-
-[94] Fight at "Charlestown, No. 4," New Hampshire, May 2, 1748, in
-which Peter Perrin and Aaron Lyon, of Woodstock, were killed.
-
-[95] Or the Seven Years' War (1753-1760).
-
-[96] At town meeting, June 21, 1774.
-
-[97] Miss Ellen D. Larned's "History of Windham County."
-
-[98] There is no evidence to prove the reiterated statement that one
-hundred and eighty-nine Woodstock men fought at the battle of Bunker
-Hill. This number was stationed at Cambridge, and some of them may have
-been at Bunker Hill.
-
-[99] Oliver Wendell Holmes at Roseland Park, July 4, 1877.
-
-[100] Rev. Abel Styles subscribed the largest sum, L30. He was fond of
-_belles-lettres_, and in a communication to his church, speaks of "his
-beloved studies." Under his inspiration and instruction, Woodstock and
-Pomfret young men entered Yale College.
-
-[101] 1784-1856.
-
-[102] 1763-1837.
-
-[103] 1764-1804.
-
-[104] Cotton Mather: "Massachusetts soon became like a hive overstocked
-with bees, and many thought of swarming into new plantations."
-
-
-INDEX.
-
-
-
-  Academy, Establishment of, 53
-
-  Annexation to Connecticut in 1749, 44
-
-
-  Bacon, Thomas, 26
-
-  Black, James, 17
-
-  Bowen, Lieut. Henry, 26
-
-
-  Chandler, Captain John, 34
-
-  ---- Charles Church, 48
-
-  ---- Col. John, 55
-
-  ---- Col. Thomas, 47
-
-  ---- Hon. John Church, 55
-
-  ---- Judge John Winthrop, 55
-
-  ---- Rev. Thos. Bradbury, D.D., 55
-
-  ---- Winthrop, 55
-
-  Characteristics of the place and people, 58
-
-  Child, Captain Benjamin, 49
-
-  ---- Captain Elisha, 48, 49
-
-  ---- Lieut. Josiah, 49
-
-  ---- Nathaniel, 48
-
-  Church, First built 1694, 32
-
-  ---- Fourth Congregational, established 1767, 40
-
-  ---- Third Congregational, established 1760, 40
-
-  Churches, History of, 36
-
-  Connecticut, First members to General Assembly of, 44
-
-  "Connecticut Park," 13
-
-  Court, Establishment of, among Indians, 17
-
-  Cradock, Governor, 14
-
-  Curtis, John, 21
-
-
-  Distinguished men of Woodstock, 55
-
-  Dudley, Joseph, 20
-
-  ---- Thomas, Letter of, to Countess of Lincoln, March 12, 1630-1, 8
-
-  Dwight, Rev. Josiah, first minister, installed October 17, 1690, 32
-
-
-  Eaton, General William, 56
-
-  Education, progress of, 53
-
-  Eliot's visit to Woodstock, Narrative of, by Gookin, 15
-
-
-  Families represented in French and Indian War, 47
-
-  Fines imposed for non-attendance at town meeting, 33
-
-  Fox, Jabez, 49
-
-  ---- John, 49
-
-  French and Indian War, Woodstock families represented in, 47
-
-  Frizzel, William, 49
-
-  Frontier service, Twenty men impressed for, 1724, 46
-
-
-  General Court, First, in America, Boston, September 28, 1630, 9
-
-  Gookin, Major Daniel, magistrate of all Indian towns, 1656, 14
-
-  Grant, General U. S., Visit of, to Woodstock, 59
-
-  Gravestone of Edward Morris (oldest in county--1689), 25
-
-
-  Holmes, Abiel, 56
-
-  ---- Doctor David, 56
-
-  ---- Oliver Wendell, 56
-
-  Home lots, Drawing lots for, 23
-
-
-  Indian church, First, in America, established by Eliot at Natick
-    in 1651, 14
-
-  Indians, Religious instruction of, in 1629, 14
-
-  ---- Troubles with, 33
-
-
-  King Philip's war, Consequences of, 18
-
-
-  Leonard, Rev. Abiel, installed pastor, 1763, 40
-
-  ---- ---- appointed chaplain of Third Regiment of Connecticut, 41
-
-  ---- ---- death of, 41
-
-  Longevity of some of the present inhabitants, 26
-
-  Lots drawn for home lots, 23
-
-  Lyman, Rev. Eliphalet, ordained in 1779, 42
-
-  ---- "Old Priest," 42
-
-  Lyon, Captain Daniel, 49
-
-  ---- Stephen, 49
-
-
-  McClellan, Captain Samuel, 48, 49
-
-  ---- Gen. Geo. B., 51
-
-  Manning, Ephraim, 49
-
-  Marcy, Captain Nathaniel, 49
-
-  ---- Hon. Wm. Leonard, 56
-
-  ---- John, 56
-
-  Massachusetts Bay, first organized settlement on, 8
-
-  "Middlesex Gore," 45
-
-  Military renown of men of Woodstock, 46
-
-  Minister, appointment of first, 32
-
-  Morris, Asa, 49
-
-  ---- Commodore Charles, 55
-
-  ---- George N., 55
-
-  ---- Edward, 21
-
-  ---- Hon. J. F., 56
-
-  Morse, Jedediah, 48, 56
-
-  ---- Rev. Jedediah, D.D., 56
-
-  ---- Samuel F. B., 56
-
-  ---- Sarah, 26
-
-
-  Nipmuck country, Derivation of name, 12
-
-  ---- Description of, 12
-
-  ---- Desertion of, after King Philip's war, 18
-
-  ---- Purchase of, from Indians, 20
-
-  "Notable Meeting," 59
-
-
-  Oldman, John, 12
-
-  "Old Thirteen," Names of, 23
-
-
-  Perry, Saml., 49
-
-  Praying Villages, 14
-
-  Pulpit Rock, 18
-
-  Putnam, Capt. Israel, 47
-
-  Pynchon, William, 10
-
-
-  Quinnatisset, 15
-
-
-  Rebellion, Services of Woodstock, men in, 51
-
-  Refusal to send representatives to General Court at Boston, 60
-
-  Religious services among Indians, Description of, 15
-
-  Revolution, Company of one hundred and eighty-nine men formed
-    for service in, 48
-
-  ---- Service rendered by town during the, 47
-
-  Roxbury--Deputies sent to Boston Assembly, 1634, 9
-
-  ---- Early settlers' names, 10
-
-  ---- Eliot, Rev. John, pastor of First Church, established 1632, 10
-
-  ---- First settlers, where from, 9
-
-  ---- Founders' names, 10
-
-  ---- Prominent in organizing settlement of Woodstock, 11
-
-  ---- Settlement of, Sept. 28, 1630, 9
-
-  Ruggles, John, 21
-
-  ---- Samuel, 21
-
-
-  Sampson, Indian teacher at Wabquissit, 15
-
-  School-house built 1733, 37
-
-  Selectmen, Names of first, 33
-
-  ---- Names of first, chosen by New Roxbury, 27
-
-  Settlement, Arrangements for, 21
-
-  ---- Committee appointed to find place suitable for, 21
-
-  ---- Name of, changed from New Roxbury to Woodstock, 28
-
-  ---- of other towns by Woodstock men, 58
-
-  ---- Petition for land for, 1683, 21
-
-  ---- Time granted for, 21
-
-  ---- ---- extended, 22
-
-  Settlers, Ages of first, 25
-
-  ---- Descendants of, now in town, 26
-
-  ---- Enterprise of, 27
-
-  ---- First death among, 25
-
-  ---- Names of first, 24
-
-  ---- Original thirteen, 23
-
-  Sewell, Capt. Samuel, 29
-
-  ---- ---- Extract from diary of, 30
-
-  Skinner, Paraclete, 26
-
-  Stages, Lines of, established between Woodstock and New London
-    and New Haven, 50
-
-  Stiles, Rev. Abel S., 39
-
-  Stoughton, Wm., 20
-
-
-  Throop, Rev. Amos, 36
-
-  Trees planted by wife of General McClellan, 50
-
-
-  Wabbaquasset, 12
-
-  Wabquissit, 16
-
-  Walker, Amasa, 57
-
-  ---- Gen. Francis A., 57
-
-  War of 1812, Woodstock men in, 51
-
-  West Parish of Woodstock, incorporated 1743, 38
-
-  ---- called New Roxbury, 38
-
-  Williams, Jared W., 57
-
-  ---- Rev. Stephen, 38, 57
-
-  ---- Samuel, Sr., 57
-
-  Women of Woodstock, 57
-
-  Woodstock Hill, 13
-
-  Worcester County formed, 1731, 35
-
-
-
-Transcriber's note:
-
-Unusual spelling is as in the original.
-
-
-
-
-
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diff --git a/43810.zip b/43810.zip
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Woodstock, by Clarence Winthrop Bowen
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
-almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
-re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
-with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license
-
-
-Title: Woodstock
-       An historical sketch
-
-Author: Clarence Winthrop Bowen
-
-Release Date: September 24, 2013 [EBook #43810]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WOODSTOCK ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Turgut Dincer and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-produced from images generously made available by The
-Internet Archive)
-
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-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-  WOODSTOCK
-
-  AN HISTORICAL SKETCH
-
-  BY
-
-  CLARENCE WINTHROP BOWEN, PH.D.
-
-  READ AT ROSELAND PARK, WOODSTOCK, CONNECTICUT, AT THE BI-CENTENNIAL
-  CELEBRATION OF THE TOWN, ON TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1886
-
-  NEW YORK & LONDON
-  G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
-  The Knickerbocker Press
-  1886
-
-  COPYRIGHT BY
-  CLARENCE WINTHROP BOWEN
-  1886
-
-  Press of
-  G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
-  New York
-
-
-As a full history of Woodstock has been in preparation for several
-years and will, it is hoped, be published in the course of another
-year, this brief sketch is issued as it was read at the Bi-Centennial
-Anniversary of the town.
-
-
-
-
-CONTENTS.
-
-
-                                                    PAGE
-
-     I. INTRODUCTION                                   7
-
-    II. THE SETTLEMENT OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY
-          AND OF ROXBURY                               8
-
-   III. THE NIPMUCK COUNTRY AND THE VISIT OF
-          JOHN ELIOT TO THE INDIANS AT WABBAQUASSET,
-          OR WOODSTOCK                                12
-
-    IV. THE SETTLEMENT OF NEW ROXBURY, OR
-          WOODSTOCK                                   20
-
-     V. THE CHANGE OF THE NAME OF NEW ROXBURY
-          TO WOODSTOCK                                28
-
-    VI. THE GROWTH OF THE NEW TOWNSHIP--1690-1731      32
-
-   VII. ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS                        36
-
-  VIII. THE TRANSFER OF WOODSTOCK FROM MASSACHUSETTS
-          TO CONNECTICUT                              43
-
-    IX. MILITARY RECORD                               46
-
-     X. EDUCATIONAL MATTERS                           53
-
-    XI. DISTINGUISHED CITIZENS                        55
-
-   XII. CHARACTERISTICS OF WOODSTOCK                  58
-
-  XIII. CONCLUSION                                    61
-
-        INDEX                                         63
-
-
-
-
-I.
-
-
-The history of the town of Woodstock is associated with the beginnings
-of history in New England. The ideas of the first settlers of Woodstock
-were the ideas of the first settlers of the Colony of Plymouth and
-the Province of Massachusetts Bay. The planting of these colonies
-was one of the fruits of the Reformation. The antagonism between the
-Established Church of England and the Non-Conformists led to the
-settlement of New England. The Puritans of Massachusetts, at first
-Non-Conformists, became Separatists like the Pilgrims of Plymouth.
-Pilgrims and Puritans alike accepted persecution and surrendered the
-comforts of home to obtain religious liberty. They found it in New
-England; and here, more quickly than in the mother country, they
-developed also that civil liberty which is now the birthright of every
-Anglo-Saxon.
-
-
-II.
-
-The settlement of Woodstock is intimately connected with the first
-organized settlement on Massachusetts Bay; and how our mother town
-of Roxbury was first established is best told in the words of Thomas
-Dudley in his letter to the Countess of Lincoln under date of Boston,
-March 12, 1630-1:
-
-    "About the year 1627 some friends, being together in Lincolnshire,
-    fell into discourse about New England and the planting of the
-    gospel there. In 1628 we procured a patent from his Majesty for
-    our planting between the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River on
-    the South and the River of Merrimack on the North and three miles
-    on either side of those rivers and bay ... and the same year we
-    sent Mr. John Endicott and some with him to begin a plantation. In
-    1629 we sent divers ships over with about three hundred people. Mr.
-    Winthrop, of Suffolk (who was well known in his own country and
-    well approved here for his piety, liberality, wisdom, and gravity),
-    coming in to us we came to such resolution that in April, 1630, we
-    set sail from Old England.... We were forced to change counsel,
-    and, for our present shelter, to plant dispersedly."
-
-Settlements were accordingly made at Salem, Charlestown, Boston,
-Medford, Watertown, and in several other localities. The sixth
-settlement was made, to quote further from the same letter to the
-Countess of Lincoln, by "others of us two miles from Boston, in a place
-we named Rocksbury."[1]
-
-The date of settlement was September 28, 1630, and just three weeks
-later the first General Court that ever sat in America was held in
-Boston. The same year the first church in Boston was organized.[2]
-Roxbury, like the other settlements of Massachusetts Bay, was a little
-republic in itself. The people chose the selectmen and governed
-themselves; and as early as 1634, like the seven other organized towns,
-they sent three deputies to Boston to attend the first representative
-Assembly at which important business was transacted. The government
-of Roxbury, like the other plantations, was founded on a theocratic
-basis. Church and state were inseparable. No one could be admitted
-as a citizen unless he was a member of the church. Many of the first
-settlers came from Nazing, a small village in England, about twenty
-miles from London, on the river Lee. Morris, Ruggles, Payson, and
-Peacock, names read in the earliest records of Woodstock, were old
-family names in Nazing. Other first inhabitants of Roxbury came from
-Wales and the west of England, or London and its vicinity. Among the
-founders were John Johnson, Richard Bugbee, and John Leavens, whose
-family names are well known as among the first settlers of Woodstock.
-All were men of property[3]; none were "of the poorer sort." In 1631
-the Rev. John Eliot, a native of the village of Nazing, arrived with a
-company of Nazing pilgrims. Eliot, though earnestly solicited to become
-pastor of the church in Boston,[4] accepted the charge of the church
-in Roxbury, which was organized in 1632,[5] and was the sixth church,
-in order of time, established in New England. Another name equally
-prominent in the earliest years of the history of Roxbury was that of
-William Pynchon, afterwards known as the founder of Springfield in
-Massachusetts. Only Boston excels Roxbury in the number of its citizens
-who have made illustrious the early history of the Massachusetts
-colony.[6] Among the early settlers of Roxbury who themselves became,
-or whose descendants became, the early settlers of Woodstock, were the
-Bartholomews, Bowens, Bugbees, Chandlers, Childs, Corbins, Crafts,
-Griggses, Gareys, Holmeses, Johnsons, Lyons, Levinses, Mays, Morrises,
-Paysons, Peacocks, Peakes, Perrins, Scarboroughs, and Williamses.[7]
-
-In 1643 the towns within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts had grown
-to thirty, and Roxbury did more than her share towards the organization
-of the new towns. In fact, Roxbury has been called the mother of
-towns, no less than fifteen communities having been founded by her
-citizens.[8] Among the most important of these settlements was the town
-of Woodstock, whose Bicentennial we this day celebrate.
-
-
-III.
-
-A glance at the country about us previous to the settlement of the
-town, in 1686, shows us a land sparsely inhabited by small bands of
-peaceful Indians, without an independent chief of their own, but who
-paid tribute to the Sachem of the Mohegans, the warriors who had
-revolted from the Pequots. Woodstock was a portion of the Nipmuck[9]
-country, so-called because it contained fresh ponds or lakes in
-contrast to other sections that bordered upon the sea or along running
-rivers. Wabbaquasset, or the mat-producing place, was the name of the
-principal Indian village, and that name still exists in the corrupted
-form of Quasset to designate a section of the town. Indians from
-the Nipmuck[10] country took corn to Boston in 1630, soon after the
-arrival of the "Bay Colony"; and in 1633[11] John Oldman and his three
-Dorchester companions passed through this same section on their way to
-learn something of the Connecticut River country; and they may have
-rested on yonder "Plaine Hill," for history states that they "lodged
-at Indians towns all the way."[12] The old "Connecticut Path" over
-which that distinguished band[13] of colonists went in 1635 and 1636 to
-settle the towns of Windsor, Wethersfield, and Hartford, passed through
-the heart of what is now Woodstock.[14] This path so famous in the
-early days of New England history, came out of Thompson Woods, a little
-north of Woodstock Lake, and proceeding across the Senexet meadow, ran
-west near Plaine Hill, Marcy's Hill, and a little south of the base of
-Coatney Hill. For more than fifty years before the settlement of the
-town, this historic path near Woodstock Hill was the outlet for the
-surplus population of Massachusetts Bay and the line of communication
-between Massachusetts and the Connecticut and New Haven colonies.
-But the most noteworthy feature in the description of the Indians of
-the Nipmuck country is that as early as 1670 they were formed into
-Praying Villages. Evidently the instructions of Gov. Cradock in his
-letter of March, 1629, to John Endicott had not been forgotten. In that
-letter he said: "Be not unmindful of the main end of our plantation
-by endeavoring to bring the Indians to the knowledge of the gospel."
-In the heart of one man at least that idea was paramount. John Eliot,
-the Apostle to the Indians, was not content to be simply the pastor of
-the church of Roxbury for nearly sixty years. Amid his countless other
-labors he preached the gospel to the Indians of the Nipmuck country.
-The first Indian church in America had been established by him at
-Natick in 1651; and, in 1674, he visited the Indian villages in the
-wild territory about these very hills. As he found it, to quote his own
-words,[15] "absolutely necessary to carry on civility with religion,"
-he was accompanied by Major Daniel Gookin, who had been appointed, in
-1656, magistrate of all the Indian towns. Maanexit was first visited
-on the Mohegan or Quinebaug River, near what is now New Boston, where
-Eliot preached to the natives, using as his text the seventh verse of
-the twenty-fourth Psalm: "Lift up your heads, O ye gates; and be ye
-lift up, ye everlasting doors; and the king of glory shall come in."
-
-Quinnatisset, on what is now Thompson Hill, was the name of another
-Praying Town. But a quotation[16] from the homely narrative of Major
-Gookin is the best description of Eliot's memorable visit to Woodstock:
-
-    "We went not to it [Quinnatisset], being straitened for time, but
-    we spake with some of the principal people at Wabquissit.[17] ...
-    Wabquissit ... lieth about nine or ten miles from Maanexit, upon
-    the west side, six miles of Mohegan River, and is distant from
-    Boston west and by south, about seventy-two miles. It lieth about
-    four miles within the Massachusetts south line. It hath about
-    thirty families, and one hundred and fifty souls. It is situated in
-    a very rich soil, manifested by the goodly crop of Indian corn then
-    newly ingathered, not less than forty bushels upon an acre. We came
-    thither late in the evening upon the 15th of September, and took
-    up our quarters at the sagamore's wigwam, who was not at home: but
-    his squaw courteously admitted us, and provided liberally, in their
-    way, for the Indians that accompanied us. This sagamore inclines to
-    religion, and keeps the meeting on sabbath days at his house, which
-    is spacious, about sixty feet in length and twenty feet in width.
-    The teacher of this place is named Sampson; an active and ingenious
-    person. He speaks good English and reads well. He is brother
-    unto Joseph, before named, teacher at Chabanakougkomun[18] ...
-    being both hopeful, pious, and active men; especially the younger
-    before-named Sampson, teacher at Wabquissit, who was, a few years
-    since, a dissolute person, and I have been forced to be severe
-    in punishing him for his misdemeanors formerly. But now he is,
-    through grace, changed and become sober and pious; and he is now
-    very thankful to me for the discipline formerly exercised towards
-    him. And besides his flagitious life heretofore, he lived very
-    uncomfortably with his wife; but now they live very well together,
-    I confess this story is a digression. But because it tendeth to
-    magnify grace, and that to a prodigal, and to declare how God
-    remembers his covenant unto the children of such as are faithful
-    and zealous for him in their time and generation, I have mentioned
-    it.
-
-    "We being at Wabquissit, at the sagamore's wigwam, divers of the
-    principal people that were at home came to us, with whom we spent a
-    good part of the night in prayer, singing psalms, and exhortations.
-    There was a person among them, who, sitting mute a great space, at
-    last spake to this effect: That he was agent for Unkas, Sachem of
-    Mohegan, who challenged right to, and dominion over, this people of
-    Wabquissit. And said he, Unkas is not well pleased that the English
-    should pass over Mohegan River to call his Indians to pray to God.
-    Upon which speech Mr. Eliot first answered, that it was his work to
-    call upon all men everywhere, as he had opportunity, especially the
-    Indians, to repent and embrace the gospel; but he did not meddle
-    with civil right or jurisdiction. When he had done speaking, then I
-    declared to him, and desired him to inform Unkas what I said, that
-    Wabquissit was within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, and that
-    the government of that people did belong to them; and that they do
-    look upon themselves concerned to promote the good of all people
-    within their limits, especially if they embraced Christianity. Yet
-    it was not hereby intended to abridge the Indian sachems of their
-    just and ancient right over the Indians, in respect of paying
-    tribute or any other dues. But the main design of the English was
-    to bring them to the good knowledge of God in Christ Jesus; and to
-    suppress among them those sins of drunkenness, idolatry, powowing
-    or witchcraft, whoredom, murder, and like sins. As for the English,
-    they had taken no tribute from them, nor taxed them with any thing
-    of the kind.
-
-    "Upon the 16th day of September[19] being at Wabquissit, as soon
-    as the people were come together, Mr. Eliot first prayed, and then
-    preached to them, in their own language, out of Mat. vi., 33:
-    _First seek the kingdom of heaven and the righteousness thereof,
-    and all these things shall be added unto you._ Their teacher,
-    Sampson, first reading and setting the cxix. Ps., 1st part, which
-    was sung. The exercise was concluded with prayer.
-
-    "Then I began a Court among the Indians, and first I approved
-    their teacher, Sampson, and their constable, Black James,[20]
-    giving each of them a charge to be diligent and faithful in their
-    places. Also I exhorted the people to yield obedience to the
-    gospel of Christ and to those set in order there. Then published
-    a warrant or order, that I had prepared, empowering the constable
-    to suppress drunkenness, Sabbath breaking, especially powowing and
-    idolatry. And, after warning given, to apprehend all delinquents
-    and bring them before authority to answer for their misdoings; the
-    smaller faults to bring before Watasacompamun, ruler of the Nipmuck
-    country; for idolatry and powowing to bring them before me: So we
-    took leave of this people of Wabquissit, and about eleven o'clock
-    returned back to Maanexit and Chabanakougkomun, where we lodged
-    this night."
-
-History fails to locate the spot where John Eliot's sermon to the
-Indians of Woodstock was delivered, but tradition points to "Pulpit
-Rock," so-called, under the aged chestnut trees of the McClellan farm
-near the "Old Hall"[21] road.
-
-But Eliot's good work in the Nipmuck country was destroyed when King
-Philip's war broke out in 1675. In August of that year a company of
-Providence men journeyed as far as Wabbaquasset, thinking that possibly
-King Philip himself had escaped thither.[22] They found an Indian fort
-a mile or two west of Woodstock Hill, but no Indians. A party from
-Norwich in June of the following year also found deserted Wabbaquasset
-and the other Praying Villages. Desolation and devastation followed
-the disappearance of the Red Man. The Nipmuck country became more a
-wilderness than ever, forsaken of its aboriginal inhabitants whose
-barbaric tenure could not stand against a superior civilization.
-
-    "Forgotten race, farewell! Your haunts we tread,
-    Our mighty rivers speak your words of yore,
-    Our mountains wear them on their misty head,
-    Our sounding cataracts hurl them to the shore;
-    But on the lake your flashing oar is still,
-    Hush'd is your hunter's cry on dale and hill,
-    Your arrow stays the eagle's flight no more,
-    And ye, like troubled shadows, sink to rest
-    In unremember'd tombs, unpitied and unbless'd."[23]
-
-
-IV.
-
-The time had now arrived for the white man to make a settlement at
-Wabbaquasset. In May, of 1681, the General Court of Massachusetts
-Bay had given to William Stoughton and Joseph Dudley the care of
-the Nipmuck country, with power to ascertain the titles belonging
-to the Indians and others, and a meeting of the claimants was held
-the following month at Cambridge, at which John Eliot rendered much
-assistance as interpreter. Dudley and Stoughton purchased all the
-claims, and the following year,[24] the whole Nipmuck country became
-the property of Massachusetts Bay. Jurisdiction over the country had
-already been claimed, under the terms of the Massachusetts charter.
-Many of the inhabitants of the town of Roxbury now felt that they could
-improve their condition and increase their usefulness by forming a
-settlement in some desirable portion of the new country. Undoubtedly
-their pastor, John Eliot, had told them of the beauty and fertility
-of the country about the Praying Villages of Maanexit, Quinnatisset,
-and Wabbaquasset.[25] Town meetings to arrange for a new settlement,
-were held in Roxbury in October of 1683.[26] A petition was signed,
-by a number of representative citizens of the town, asking that the
-General Court might grant to them a tract seven miles square about
-Quinnatisset, in the Nipmuck country. All save six of the thirty-six
-who signed this petition, afterwards became settlers of the new town,
-and of the five selectmen of Roxbury who presented the petition to
-the General Court, three[27] represented families prominent in the
-early history of Woodstock. The General Court at once granted[28]
-the petition provided the grant should not fall within a section to
-be reserved for Messrs Stoughton and Dudley, and Major Thompson, and
-provided also that thirty families should be settled on the plantation
-within three years from the following June, "and mainteyne amongst
-them an able, orthodox, godly minister."[29] In 1684 Roxbury accepted
-the terms of the General Court, and sent Samuel and John Ruggles,
-John Curtis, and Edward Morris, as a committee of four, to "view the
-wilderness and find a convenient place."
-
-As Quinnatisset had been in part already granted, the committee
-reported[30] a territory "commodiose" for settlement at "Seneksuk and
-Wapagusset and the lands ajasiant." A committee was therefore appointed
-to draw up an agreement for the "goers," as they were called, to sign.
-In 1685,[31] in answer to the petition of Edward Morris, deputy in
-behalf of the town of Roxbury, the General Court extended the limit
-of the time of settlement from June 10, 1687, to Jan. 31, 1688, and
-granted freedom from rates up to that time.[32] At town meetings held
-in Roxbury, during the same year, it was arranged that one half of
-the grant should belong to the new settlers and one hundred pounds in
-money be given to them in instalments of twenty pounds a year, and the
-other half of the grant should belong to "the stayers" in consideration
-of the aid given "the goers." The southern half of the grant was the
-portion subsequently occupied by "the goers." Actual possession,
-however, was not taken until April of the following year. On the second
-page of the cover of the old and musty first volume of records of the
-proprietors of New Roxbury, afterwards called Woodstock, are these
-words:
-
-    "April 5, 1686.
-
-    "These are the thirteen who were sent out to spy out Woodstock as
-    planters and to take actual posession: Jonathan Smithers, John
-    Frissell, Nathaniel Garey, John Marcy, Benjamin Griggs, John Lord,
-    Benjamin Sabin, Henry Bowen, Matthew Davis, Thomas Bacon, Peter
-    Aspinwall, George Griggs, and Ebenezer Morris."
-
-These thirteen planters, or the "Old Thirteen" as they have always been
-called, were visited in May or June[33] by a committee who had been
-appointed to ascertain the bounds of the grant. The last meeting of the
-"goers to settle" was held in Roxbury, July 21st; their first meeting
-in New Roxbury was held August 25th. A committee of seven, consisting
-of Joseph Griggs, Edward Morris, Henry Bowen, Sr., John Chandler, Sr.,
-Samuel Craft, Samuel Scarborough, and Jonathan Smithers, having been
-appointed to make needful arrangements preliminary to the drawing of
-home lots, that drawing took place on the twenty-eighth of August,
-or, by the new style of reckoning time, exactly two hundred years ago
-to-day.
-
-Say the old records: "After solemn prayer to God, who is the Disposer
-of all things, they drew lots according to the agreement, every man
-being satisfied and contented with God's disposing." Would that the
-words of that prayer and the picture of that scene could to-day be
-reproduced! Surely the spirit of the Puritans of 1630 was the spirit
-of that band of pilgrims in 1686 on yonder hill. These are the honored
-names of the first settlers: Thomas and Joseph Bacon, James Corbin,
-Benjamin Sabin, Henry Bowen, Thomas Lyon, Ebenezer Morris, Matthew
-Davis, William Lyon, Sr., John Chandler, Sr., Peter Aspinwall, John
-Frizzel, Joseph Frizzel, Jonathan Smithers, John Butcher, Jonathan
-Davis, Jonathan Peake, Nathaniel Garey, John Bowen, Nathaniel Johnson,
-John Hubbard, George Griggs, Benjamin Griggs, William Lyon, Jr., John
-Leavens, Nathaniel Sanger, Samuel Scarborough, Samuel Craft, Samuel
-May, Joseph Bugbee, Samuel Peacock, Arthur Humphrey, John Bugbee, Jr.,
-Andrew Watkins, John Marcy, Edward Morris, Joseph Peake, John Holmes,
-and John Chandler, Jr.
-
-Of that list of thirty-nine,[34] Benjamin Sabin, Nathaniel Sanger,
-Nathaniel Garey, John Hubbard, Matthew Davis, and George Griggs
-afterwards moved to Pomfret; Peter Aspinwall and his step-sons, the
-sons of John Leavens, went to Killingby; and Arthur Humphrey and others
-became the first settlers of Ashford. A few returned to Roxbury. But
-a large share of the original settlers lived and died in Woodstock,
-including Edward and Ebenezer Morris, Jonathan and Joseph Peake, James
-Corbin, Thomas and Joseph Bacon, Henry Bowen, William and Thomas Lyon,
-John Chandler, Sr., and John Chandler, Jr., John Butcher, Nathaniel
-Johnson, Joseph and John Bugbee, John Marcy, John Holmes, and perhaps
-a few others. As an illustration of the ages of the pioneers in 1686,
-it may be mentioned that Benjamin Griggs was nineteen; Joseph Bacon
-and Andrew Watkins, twenty; John Bugbee, John Chandler, Jr., James
-Corbin, and Jonathan Davis, twenty-one; Peter Aspinwall, Matthew Davis,
-John Frizzel, and Lieut. Ebenezer Morris, twenty-two; John Butcher and
-Nathaniel Garey, twenty-three; John Bowen and John Marcy, twenty-four;
-George Griggs, John Holmes, and Samuel May, twenty-five; Thomas Bacon,
-twenty-eight; Samuel Peacock, twenty-nine; William Lyon, Jr., and
-Nathaniel Sanger, thirty-four; Thomas Lyon, thirty-eight; Nathaniel
-Johnson, thirty-nine; Benjamin Sabin and Samuel Scarborough, forty;
-Joseph Peake, forty-one; Joseph Bugbee and John Leavens, forty-six;
-Samuel Craft and Jonathan Peake,[35] forty-nine; Deacon John Chandler,
-fifty-one; Lieut. Henry Bowen, fifty-three; Edward Morris, fifty-six;
-and William Lyon Sr., sixty-five.[36]
-
-The first one of the thirty-nine to die was Lieut. Edward Morris,
-whose gravestone bears the date of 1689, the oldest in the county.[37]
-The last one of the thirty-nine to die was Thomas Bacon, who lived
-to be ninety-six years of age. To show the extreme ages of some of
-the Woodstock people, it may here be said that Paraclete Skinner, now
-living, remembers Deacon Jedediah Morse, who died in 1819 at the age
-of ninety-three, and Deacon Morse was seventeen years old when Col.
-John Chandler, a first settler, was living; and thirty-two years of
-age the year that Thomas Bacon, another first settler, died. That is,
-an inhabitant of this town remembers one who knew some of the first
-settlers of Woodstock. Lieut. Henry Bowen, one of the first settlers,
-attained the age of ninety. Deacon Morse's grandmother, who came in
-April of 1687 to Woodstock with her husband Jonathan Peake, Jr.,[38]
-likewise lived to be ninety, lacking twelve days. One of the oldest
-persons that ever lived in Woodstock was Sarah, the daughter of
-Jonathan Peake, Jr., and the mother of Deacon Morse, who reached the
-age of ninety-nine, lacking forty-four days, and who had about her
-while living three hundred and nineteen descendants.[39] The combined
-ages of Thomas Bacon, Sarah Morse, and Paraclete Skinner is now two
-hundred and eighty years. Time alone can tell to what figure their
-combined ages may attain!
-
-But what a small number in that list of first settlers have descendants
-bearing the same family name among the citizens of Woodstock to-day!
-Only James Corbin, William Lyon, John Chandler, Nathaniel Johnson,
-Benjamin Griggs, Henry Bowen, Joseph Bugbee, Nathaniel Sanger, and John
-Marcy! But Woodstock is proud to own among the descendants of the first
-settlers influential and honored citizens of many towns and cities, and
-some of them, I rejoice to say are here to-day.
-
-The first settlers of Woodstock had the right stuff in them to succeed.
-After the home-lots were chosen highways were laid out, a grist-mill
-and saw-mill built, bridges constructed, new inhabitants brought in,
-and every thing possible was done to make the settlement permanent. A
-general meeting of the inhabitants was held July 2, 1687, when "John
-Chandler, Sr., Nathaniel Johnson, Joseph Bugbee, James White, and James
-Peake, were chosen to order the prudential affairs of the place as
-selectmen, for the year ensuing."
-
-
-V.
-
-An effort was now made to get a confirmation of the grant occupied
-by the new settlers, but as long as Sir Edmund Andros was the Royal
-Governor of the Province, it was impossible. A delay ensued until
-William and Mary became sovereigns of Great Britain. The new settlers
-had not yet an organized town government. The settlement, like the
-first settlements in Windsor and Hartford, received its name from the
-mother town.[40] But the New Roxbury people wished to have a name
-of their own and a town of their own. At the beginning of the year
-1690 they chose a committee of three to petition the General Court to
-substitute a new name for that of New Roxbury. The committee at once
-conferred with the mother town, for on Jan. 13, 1690, Roxbury held
-a town meeting at which it was voted to request the General Court
-to allow the settlement in the Nipmuck country to become a town,
-to confirm the grant and to give a suitable name. The New Roxbury
-committee pressed their claims, and on March 18, 1690, the General
-Court confirmed the grant and voted that the name of the plantation
-be Woodstock. We owe the name of Woodstock to Capt. Samuel Sewell[41]
-who was Chief-Justice of Massachusetts from 1718 to 1728. He has been
-called "a typical Puritan" and "the Pepys of New England,"--the man who
-judged the witches of Salem and afterwards repented of it.[42] In 1690,
-when Count Frontenac's[43] forces were coming down from Canada upon
-the settlements of the United Colonies, and Massachusetts determined
-to ask the help of Connecticut in protecting the upper towns on the
-Connecticut River, Captain Sewell rode past Woodstock on his way to
-Connecticut. He was no doubt on business of state, being one of the
-Governor's Counsellors, and one of a Committee of Seven of the Council
-with the same power as the Council to arrange "for setting forth the
-forces."[44] The proximity of New Roxbury to Oxford in Massachusetts
-suggested to him, he tells us, the name of a famous place near old
-Oxford in England.
-
-In his Diary of March 18, 1689/90, Capt. Sewell, says:
-
-    "I gave New Roxbury the name of Woodstock, because of its nearness
-    to Oxford, for the sake of Queen Elizabeth, and the notable
-    meetings that have been held at the place bearing that name in
-    England, some of which Dr. Gilbert[45] informed me of when in
-    England. It stands on a Hill. I saw it as I [went] to Coventry, but
-    left it on the left hand. Some told Capt. Ruggles[46] that I gave
-    the name and put words in his mouth to desire of me a Bell for the
-    Town."[47]
-
-Though Judge Sewell, years after his first visit had social
-relations[48] with some of the inhabitants of Woodstock, there is
-no evidence to show that he ever gave a bell to the town or to the
-church.[49] But he gave us something better, a good name,--the name of
-Woodstock, associated with the memories of Saxon and Norman Kings, the
-spot where King Alfred translated "The Consolations of Philosophy,"
-by Boethius, the birthplace of the poet Chaucer, the prison of
-Queen Elizabeth.[50] History and romance[51] have made illustrious
-the names of Woodstock and Woodstock Park, and "the notable meetings"
-spoken of by Judge Sewell as having taken place in Old England have
-been transferred to the settlement in New England. Surely the name of
-Woodstock, as applied to the little village of New Roxbury, has proved
-to be no misnomer.
-
-It should be said that the western part of the town, when it became
-a settlement years after, revived the old name of New Roxbury. The
-church in West Woodstock belonged to what was called the Parish of New
-Roxbury, or the Second Precinct of Woodstock.[52]
-
-
-VI.
-
-The most pressing duty for our ancestors to perform, after securing
-a name and legalized status for the town, was the settlement of "an
-able, orthodox, godly minister." The Rev. Josiah Dwight, a graduate of
-Harvard College in the class of 1687, received the appointment, and
-was installed October 17, 1690, receiving �40 the first year, �50 the
-second, and �60 the third year and thereafter. It was with difficulty,
-however, that these sums were paid, and when, some years after, the
-account was settled by the payment of what was due, he gave a receipt
-in full "from the beginning of the world to May 6, 1696." A home lot
-was allowed Mr. Dwight according to the original drawing of lots, and
-arrangements were made to build a home for him immediately after his
-settlement. The following year,[53] it was determined to construct a
-house of worship, which was completed early[54] in 1694. This was the
-first meeting-house in Windham County, and here gathered, on Sabbath
-days, the settlers from miles around. The people of Pomfret attended
-church in this rude structure until 1715, when their own society was
-organized.
-
-The officers of the new town elected in 1690[55] were John Chandler,
-Sr., William Bartholomew, Benjamin Sabin, John Leavens, and Joseph
-Bugbee, as selectmen, and John Chandler, Jr., as town clerk. All
-of those men to-day have descendants in Woodstock or its immediate
-vicinity. At that time, the men of Woodstock imposed a fine of one and
-six pence upon every one who failed to attend the town meeting, and six
-pence an hour for tardiness. Disputes regarding titles to land, and the
-boundary line dividing the north half of the town, and disputes with
-the mother-town regarding this northern half, which belonged to Roxbury
-according to the terms of the grant, were vexatious, and not in every
-respect creditable to Woodstock. But Roxbury's interest in the northern
-half of Woodstock continued till 1797, when the lands had all been sold
-or become individual property. Large tracts, however, were held by
-Roxbury and Woodstock speculators for many years afterward.
-
-Troubles with the Indians, who returned to their old hunting and
-fishing haunts after the settlement of the town, broke out in 1696,[56]
-and again in 1700 and 1704, and even as late as 1724. When a war broke
-out abroad, there was trouble with the Indians at home. When an Indian
-outbreak was threatened, the town received some military assistance
-from the colony government. Such threatened outbreaks retarded the
-progress of the settlement.
-
-After discussing the question for several years, the town determined,
-in 1719,[57] to erect a new meeting-house near the burying-ground,
-instead of at the south end of the village, where the old building
-stood, yet so straitened were the people in their circumstances that
-they applied to the General Court in Boston, requesting that the
-unoccupied lands of the residents and non-residents of the town be
-taxed to the extent of �250, to be applied to the building of a church.
-As the non-residents' lands were almost entirely in the north half of
-the grant, and belonged to Roxbury people, Roxbury stoutly opposed
-the tax in a memorial to the General Court. When the General Court
-refused the petition, Woodstock asked to be excused from sending her
-representative to Boston. The town's representative at this time, in
-fact the first and only representative for many years, was Captain John
-Chandler, who, like his father Deacon John Chandler, was one of the
-first settlers. He surveyed lands in Woodstock and neighboring towns,
-and owned large tracts of territory in Connecticut and Massachusetts.
-To avoid the necessity of sending to Boston to have deeds recorded
-and wills proven, Captain Chandler tried to get the consent of the
-General Court in 1720 for the formation of a new county, to be called
-Worcester County, of which Woodstock should be a part, but a delay
-ensued until 1731, when Captain, now Colonel, Chandler was successful.
-Woodstock became one of the most prominent towns of Worcester County,
-and John Chandler was made Chief-Justice of the Court of Common Pleas
-and General Sessions.[58]
-
-
-VII.
-
-Ecclesiastical affairs have been so interwoven with town affairs,
-that it is impossible to give a sketch of Woodstock without giving a
-history of the churches. It may, however, be done briefly, as others
-have been appointed to speak specially for the different church
-organizations of the town. Though the first minister, the Rev. Josiah
-Dwight, was of the "Standing Order," so-called, and believed in the
-Cambridge platform, yet he was suspected of theological looseness and,
-besides many idiosyncrasies, was accused of "speculating in the wild
-lands of Killingly." The first settlers had no end of trouble with
-him, especially regarding money matters, and he was finally removed
-September 3, 1726. The next regular minister was Rev. Amos Throop,
-who was installed May 24, 1727. Like Mr. Dwight, he was a graduate
-of Harvard College, and came to Woodstock at the age of twenty-five.
-Naturally he found fault when the town attempted to pay him his salary
-in the depreciated currency of the time. But the eight years of his
-ministry endeared him to the settlement, and his sudden death in
-1735[59] was keenly felt by his parishioners. The town assumed the
-expense of his gravestone, upon which may be read these words:
-
-    "O cruel death, to snatch from us below,
-      One fit to live within the spheres on high;
-    But since the great Creator orders so,
-      Here at his feet he doth submissive lie."
-
-During the pastorate of Mr. Throop the western part of the town[60]
-had received some settlers, mostly the sons of Woodstock's first
-settlers. In 1727 Joshua Chandler took possession of some land that had
-been given him by his father, Col. John Chandler, and representatives
-of the families of Child, Corbin, Lyon, Aspinwall, Bugbee, Morris,
-Marcy, Morse, Payson, Perrin, Johnson, Frizzel, Griggs, and Paine soon
-followed. In 1733[61] the town arranged to have a school-house built
-in this part of the town, and, the settlers increasing, West Parish
-desired[62] to have religious services of its own for four months of
-the year at the expense of the whole town. This request, it was argued,
-was only fair, inasmuch as the western half was obliged to contribute
-to the support of the Church on the Hill. But the town refused[63] to
-assume any of the charges. After trying the experiment for two winters,
-the West Parish people found the expense of supporting both ministers
-to be too great a burden, and they therefore again asked[64] the help
-of the town, and were refused. They still persisted, and petitioned[65]
-that the western half might be formed into a distinct township. Town
-meetings were held, and at last permission was given[66] them to
-address the General Court in Boston on the subject. But their petition
-to the General Court was dismissed. The West Woodstock people, however,
-insisted on the formation of a parish where they could worship God
-in their own fashion, and not be obliged to aid any church outside
-of their parish. They were willing to give up all idea of a town of
-their own. This modified request was now made to the town[67] and to
-the General Court.[68] The General Court complied by passing an act in
-1743,[69] incorporating the district as "The West Parish of Woodstock."
-A meeting was at once held,[70] at which it was determined to survey
-the line dividing the two portions of the town. West Parish was now
-called by the old name of New Roxbury. These acts were afterwards
-approved by the General Assembly of Connecticut when Woodstock withdrew
-from under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts.[71] In 1747 Rev. Stephen
-Williams was ordained pastor.
-
-The church[72] on the Hill was under the pastorate of Rev. Abel S.
-Stiles, who had been ordained in 1737.[73] But the fact that Mr.
-Stiles was a graduate of Yale College[74] instead of Harvard, as his
-two predecessors had been, and his family connections[75] were all
-with Connecticut, his parishioners were led to believe that he would
-favor the "Saybrook Platform" of faith, rather than the "Cambridge
-Platform," and if there was one thing our ancestors abhorred quite as
-much as Episcopacy or popery it was the "Saybrook Platform." To be
-tainted with that form of faith, as was the case with Mr. Stiles after
-his settlement in Woodstock, was heresy indeed, and Woodstock was
-determined, according to her grant of 1683, to have none other but an
-"able, orthodox, godly minister." Instead of attending the Association
-of Ministers in Massachusetts, Mr. Stiles preferred the meetings of the
-Windham County Association in Connecticut, and when Woodstock became a
-part of Connecticut the troubles with Mr. Stiles increased. Councils
-were held. Pastor and parishioners tried to discipline each other.
-The General Assembly of Connecticut was appealed to. Threats--even
-violence was resorted to. But without going into the details of this
-long-protracted struggle, let it be said that there were two parties
-in the controversy, one side sympathizing with Mr. Stiles in his more
-liberal theological views, and the other side at first insisting
-on a minister who should conform in all respects to the "Standing
-Order," and afterwards opposed to Mr. Stiles personally as well as
-theologically. The Stiles party had favored, while the anti-Stiles
-party had opposed, the annexation of Woodstock to Connecticut. The
-result of the quarrel was a break in the church in 1760. The North
-Society was constituted by act[76] of the General Assembly, and Mr.
-Stiles and his followers went to Muddy Brook. Thus was formed the Third
-Congregational Church of Woodstock, and here Mr. Stiles continued to
-preach until his death in 1783.[77] When it was determined in 1831,
-by the church in East Woodstock, to build a new meeting-house on the
-spot of the old one erected in 1767, the people in Village Corners
-objected to the location and formed a society of their own--the Fourth
-Congregational Church of Woodstock.
-
-After the departure of Mr. Stiles the First Church was without a pastor
-for three years. Much time was spent in "going after ministers." The
-young Yale graduates who preached on trial did not please the church,
-whose sympathies were still with Massachusetts. Finally the Rev. Abiel
-Leonard, a graduate of Harvard College,[78] was installed on June 23,
-1763. Of the twelve churches asked to assist in the ordination only
-one[79] was a Connecticut organization. In fact it was not until the
-year 1815 that the church, after an adherence to the Cambridge order
-of faith for a hundred and twenty-five years, finally accepted the
-"Saybrook Platform," and joined the Connecticut association. The church
-was prosperous under Mr. Leonard. Largely owing to his influence the
-quarrel between the First and Third Churches was healed.[80] In 1775,
-on the breaking out of the Revolutionary War, Mr. Leonard was made
-Chaplain of the Third Regiment of Connecticut troops. The church, at
-the request of the commander, Colonel, afterwards General, Israel
-Putnam, granted the necessary leave of absence. The following year
-Washington and Putnam joined in writing a letter[81] to the church at
-Woodstock asking for a continued leave of absence for Mr. Leonard,
-praising him in the highest terms, and saying:
-
-    "He is employed in the glorious work of attending to the morals of
-    a brave people who are fighting for their liberties--the liberties
-    of the people of Woodstock--the liberties of all America."
-
-Agreeable a gentleman as Mr. Leonard was, he was suddenly superseded
-while on a visit to Woodstock, and on receiving the mortifying news
-when _en route_ to join the army he at once committed suicide.
-
-If ever there was an "able, orthodox, godly minister," of the true
-Massachusetts type, such as old Woodstock always loved to have, he was
-the Rev. Eliphalet Lyman, who was ordained in 1779. Although a graduate
-of Yale College,[82] he fulfilled the conditions of the Cambridge
-Platform, and continued pastor of the First Church for forty-five
-years, and was warmly interested in the religious and educational
-development of the town. He was the last of the historic ministers
-of Woodstock. He was respected and he was feared. The boys stopped
-playing ball when "Old Priest Lyman," in cocked hat and knee breeches,
-remembered by some of you here to-day, walked up the common.
-
-
-VIII.
-
-It should now be related how Woodstock, settled under Massachusetts,
-became a part of the State of Connecticut. Massachusetts claimed
-Woodstock, because the grant was supposed to lie within her chartered
-bounds as surveyed in 1642, and that claim was what Major Daniel
-Gookin referred to when he rebuked the agent of Uncas in 1674, during
-his visit with John Eliot, at Woodstock. But Massachusetts did not
-believe that the line of 1642 was wrong when she confirmed the grant
-to the Roxbury settlers. She even censured Woodstock for daring to ask
-Connecticut to confirm a portion of the grant that fell south of this
-line. Though Connecticut justly held she was entitled to Woodstock,
-according to the terms of her charter, she was, nevertheless, willing
-to forego her claim to this town, provided Massachusetts would allow
-her to have the jurisdiction over other territory claimed by both
-colonies. But the repeated attempts to settle the controversy failed,
-and it was not till 1713 that an agreement was finally concluded. For
-the privilege of having jurisdiction over Woodstock and the other
-towns claimed by both sides, Massachusetts agreed to compensate
-Connecticut, by giving her unimproved lands in Western Massachusetts
-and New Hampshire. These lands were therefore called "equivalent
-lands," and were sold by Connecticut for $2,274, and the money given
-to Yale College. Woodstock was entirely satisfied with this agreement,
-as all her associations were with Massachusetts. But in 1747 the town
-thought that her taxes, which had been increased owing to the French
-and Spanish wars,[83] would be lighter, and her privileges greater,
-if she followed Suffield, Enfield, and Somers "in trying to get off
-to Connecticut." So Woodstock applied to Connecticut, claiming that
-the agreement of 1713 had been made without her consent. After much
-deliberation, Connecticut voted in 1749 to receive the town, and
-declared the agreement of 1713 not binding. Woodstock was delighted at
-being received into Connecticut, and at a memorable town meeting[84]
-made Thomas Chandler and Henry Bowen the first members of the General
-Assembly. Though Woodstock has since 1749 been a part of this State,
-Massachusetts would never formally yield jurisdiction over the town,
-and even as late as 1768 warned the inhabitants not to pay taxes to
-Connecticut. In fact had it not been for the Revolution, Massachusetts
-might still be claiming Woodstock.[85] It might be added that
-Woodstock, in being annexed to Connecticut, lost about three thousand
-acres north of the colony line. This strip of land was known as the
-"Middlesex Gore" for forty-five years, and was annexed to Dudley and
-Sturbridge in 1794.
-
-After becoming a part of Connecticut, Woodstock was anxious that the
-northern half of Windham County should be made into a separate county,
-of which Woodstock should be the shire-town, but as Pomfret also
-desired the county seat, and as the State seemed unwilling to act, the
-project fell through.[86]
-
-
-IX.
-
-Woodstock's military glory is something of which she may well be proud.
-Representatives of the Morris, Bowen, Hubbard, and Johnson families,
-who came to Woodstock in 1686, fought under Captain Isaac Johnson, of
-Roxbury, in King Philip's War, and were in the famous Narragansett
-battle in 1675, when Captain Johnson was killed.[87] For the first
-forty years after the settlement of the town the Indian troubles made
-every man acquainted with the use of fire-arms, and when in later years
-there appeared no danger at home, our ancestors were ready to fight
-abroad either savage or foreign foes. In 1724, Colonel John Chandler
-received orders from Boston to impress twenty Woodstock men for the
-frontier service,[88] which meant that they should fight Indians in
-Central Massachusetts. When the news of the war between France and
-Great Britain was received in Boston in 1744,[89] fifty[90] men from
-Colonel Thomas Chandler's[91] regiment guarded the frontier, and
-history declares that this regiment, commanded by a Woodstock man,
-rendered efficient service in the capture of Louisburg in 1745.[92] In
-1748, before the treaty of Aix la Chapelle had been signed,[93] the
-death was chronicled of several Woodstock men who had gone up into New
-Hampshire to fight[94] the Indians with a company of colony troops. In
-the French and Indian War[95] for the conquest of Canada, the families
-of Bacon, Bugbee, Child, Corbin, Chandler, Frizzel, Griggs, Holmes,
-Lyon, Marcy, McClellan, Manning, Peake, and Perrin had representatives
-who distinguished themselves in the service. Woodstock and Pomfret
-boys composed the company of Captain Israel Putnam in this war. The
-McClellan and Lyon of the Seven Years' War were the McClellan and Lyon
-of the Revolution, and were of the same family as the McClellan and
-Lyon so celebrated and so much beloved in our own Civil War.
-
-The service rendered by Woodstock during the Revolution was most
-valuable. The town voted to purchase as few British goods as possible,
-and sent sixty-five fat sheep to Boston as a contribution to alleviate
-what the town records call "the distressed and suffering circumstances"
-of that city. Captain Elisha Child, Charles Church Chandler, Jedediah
-Morse, Captain Samuel McClellan, and Nathaniel Child, were appointed
-a committee[96] "for maintaining a correspondence with the towns of
-this and the neighboring colonies." The spirit of revolution, which had
-been growing, rose to fever-heat when the powder stored in Cambridge
-by the patriots was removed, in September of 1774, to Boston. The news
-flew as fast through the New England towns as horses' hoofs could
-take it. A son of Esquire Wolcott brought the news to Curtis' tavern
-in Dudley, and a son of Captain Clark carried it to his father's
-house in Woodstock, where it was carried to Colonel Israel Putnam in
-Pomfret.[97] The young men of Woodstock did not wait for the call to
-arms. They hurried to Cambridge, and, with the inhabitants of that and
-other towns, were with difficulty restrained from marching into Boston
-to demand, with their loaded muskets, the return of the powder. At the
-very beginning of the Revolution Woodstock was eager to do its duty.
-When the cry went through New England that blood had been shed at that
-"birthplace of American liberty," the historic Lexington, one hundred
-and eighty-nine men from Woodstock answered that call.[98] Ephraim
-Manning, Stephen Lyon, Asa Morris, and William Frizzel were officers
-in Colonel Israel Putnam's regiment when that regiment was stationed
-at Cambridge, while Captain Samuel McClellan had charge of the troop
-of horse, of which John Flynn was trumpeter. Captain Nathaniel Marcy,
-Captains Elisha and Benjamin Child, Lieut. Josiah Child, Captain Daniel
-Lyon, Jabez and John Fox, Samuel Perry, and many other Woodstock men,
-rendered services in this war equally efficient. When Samuel Perry,
-in his old age, used to go up to the store on Woodstock Hill in the
-evening, the boys would ask him to tell them about the battle of Bunker
-Hill, and would always ask if he had killed any of the British in that
-battle. "I don't know whether I killed any," was his reply, "but I took
-good aim, fired, and saw them drop!" Another Woodstock name, always
-honored at home as another of the same family name is to-day no less
-honored abroad, was Dr. David Holmes He had served as surgeon in the
-French war, and--
-
-                                ----"lived to see
-    The bloodier strife that made our nation free,
-    To serve with willing toil, with skilful hand,
-    The war-worn saviors of the bleeding land."[99]
-
-When Washington assumed charge of the troops in Cambridge, the Rev.
-Abiel Leonard, the beloved pastor of the First Church at Woodstock,
-preached most acceptably. Washington heard him and became his warm
-friend. Woodstock's importance during the Revolution was considerable.
-One line of stages between Woodstock and New London and another line
-between Woodstock and New Haven and Hartford were established, which
-carried the war news weekly to be distributed through the colony and
-thence taken to New York. During the entire war Woodstock did more
-than her share. While there were many from this town who served the
-patriot cause with glory to themselves and honor to Woodstock, the
-name of Capt., afterwards Gen., Samuel McClellan stands out the most
-illustrious. When the currency of the Continentals had depreciated and
-no funds were forthcoming with which to pay the soldiers, Gen., or more
-exactly Col., McClellan advanced �1,000 from his own private purse to
-pay the men of his regiment. But a memorial of the Revolution in which
-Woodstock may well take the greatest pride is found in the historic
-elm-trees in South Woodstock, planted by the wife of General McClellan
-on receiving the news of the battle of Lexington. All honor to the
-men of Woodstock who fought for and gained their liberties in the
-Revolution, and all honor to their wives, who were equally patriotic at
-home!
-
-In the War of 1812 Woodstock was also ready to do its duty. When Major
-William Flynn, of Woodstock Hill, received the news, one evening just
-after dark, that several British men-of-war were hovering about New
-London, and that it was in danger of attack, he rode horseback about
-the country during the night, to see officers and men and warn them
-to assemble on the Common at noon the next day; but when he returned
-to his home at sunrise he found the Common covered with soldiers
-ready to go to New London immediately. The patriotic spirit always
-characteristic of Woodstock was conspicuous in the War of 1812.
-
-Woodstock was no less patriotic during the Rebellion. When President
-Lincoln called for volunteers to maintain the unity of the country,
-this town did her full share in that struggle. Many of you remember
-attending the funeral of General Nathaniel Lyon, who was killed at
-the beginning of the war and was buried with military honors in our
-neighboring town of Eastford. Though not a native of Woodstock, Gen.
-Lyon was descended from an honored family which has been conspicuous
-in the history of this town from the day of its settlement. But a
-name even more illustrious is that of Gen. George B. McClellan, whose
-grandfather was a native of Woodstock, and whose great-grandfather
-was Gen. Samuel McClellan, and who himself, as a boy, visited the
-town. You saw him beneath these very trees two years ago. You heard
-him speak at that time words of love for Woodstock and words of
-welcome to distinguished strangers. His voice is no longer heard, but
-the name of General McClellan will be remembered as long as the name
-of Woodstock itself shall last. Blessed then be the memory of Gen.
-George B. McClellan! Woodstock will ever cherish his services and the
-services of all its sons who fought for their country in the terrible
-struggle between the North and the South! The graves in the different
-burying-grounds of the town, that you annually decorate with flowers,
-tell more eloquently than words what Woodstock did during the Civil
-War.
-
-
-X.
-
-Woodstock has never been negligent in the cause of education. As soon
-as the settlement became an organized town, John Chandler, Jr., was
-appointed to instruct the children to write and cipher. As the town
-grew in population, it was divided into school districts. In 1739
-was established the United English Library for the Propagation of
-Christianity and Useful Knowledge. Col. John Chandler was the moderator
-at the first meeting, and the Rev. Abel Stiles, John May, Benjamin
-Child, and Pennel Bowen, of Woodstock, and leading citizens of Pomfret
-and Killingly, assisted in the organization.[100] It was Gen. Samuel
-McClellan and his sons John and James McClellan, the Rev. Eliphalet
-Lyman, William Bowen, Parker Comings, Nehemiah Child, Ebenezer Smith,
-William Potter, Hezekiah Bugbee, Benjamin Lyon, Ebenezer Skinner, and
-Amos Paine who established Woodstock Academy, at the beginning of the
-present century, and the influence of that honored institution has been
-deep and far-reaching. But who can measure the good done by Woodstock
-Academy, or by the different churches and other organizations of the
-town? Such institutions are our heritage, and our duty and privilege it
-is to improve their character and transmit them to future generations,
-with the memories and traditions of the town itself.
-
-
-XI.
-
-Citizens of Woodstock, listen while I call the roll of some of the
-distinguished men who have lived or were born in the town. Of the
-first settlers was Col. John Chandler, probably the most distinguished
-citizen that Woodstock had during its first century, the man who made
-Woodstock known and respected throughout New England. His descendants
-include the Rev. Thomas Bradbury Chandler, D.D., Winthrop Chandler, the
-artist, the Hon. John Church Chandler, Judge John Winthrop Chandler,
-and others, who have been prominent in Woodstock and throughout the
-country. No one of the first settlers was more distinguished than
-Edward Morris, who died three years after the town was settled. His
-family was prominent in the history of old Roxbury, and all through
-the last century in Woodstock. Commodore Charles Morris, a native[101]
-of Woodstock and well known in the War of 1812, and his son, Commodore
-George N. Morris, Commander in the Civil War of the United States
-sloop-of-war _Cumberland_ in Hampton Roads, belong to the same family,
-as well as the Hon. J. F. Morris, of Hartford, whom I am sure we are
-glad to welcome as our presiding officer to-day. John Marcy, a first
-settler, was the ancestor of Hon. William Leonard Marcy, Governor
-of the State of New York, Secretary of War under President Polk and
-Secretary of State under President Pierce. Abiel Holmes,[102] D.D.,
-LL.D., author of "Annals of America," and his father, Dr. David Holmes,
-a surgeon in the French and Revolutionary wars, were born in Woodstock,
-and were descended from John Holmes, a first settler. Abiel Holmes'
-son, Oliver Wendell Holmes, though not born in Woodstock, will be
-remembered, I am sure, for the beautiful tribute he paid his ancestors
-in the poem he read in this very park in 1877. The name of Morse has
-always been identified with Woodstock. Deacon Jedediah Morse held about
-all the offices in town that he could lawfully hold, and was deacon
-of the First Church for forty-three years. His son, the Rev. Jedediah
-Morse, D.D., a graduate of Yale College and the father of American
-geography, was also born in Woodstock. His grandson was Prof. Samuel
-F. B. Morse, who was more widely known as the inventor of the electric
-telegraph. Another Woodstock boy was General William Eaton[103] who ran
-away, from home at the age of sixteen to enter the Revolutionary War,
-and was distinguished during the first years of the century as the
-protector of American commerce in the Mediterranean. Amasa Walker, too,
-was born in Woodstock, the father of political economy in this country,
-or better still, the father of Gen. Francis A. Walker, the respected
-President of the School of Technology in Boston. Another honored name
-in Woodstock is that of Williams, including Samuel Williams, Sr., the
-Commissioner of Roxbury in the settlement of New Roxbury, the Rev.
-Stephen Williams, the first pastor of the church at West Parish, and
-Jared W. Williams, the Governor of Vermont and a native of this town.
-Governors, members of Congress, men distinguished in law, theology, and
-medicine, in trade and on the farm, have been born in Woodstock. The
-roll of honor could be multiplied; but in speaking of the distinguished
-men it would be impossible to forget the lessons taught, the struggles
-endured, and the sacrifices made by the mothers of Woodstock, who all
-through these two centuries have inspired their sons with feelings
-that have made them industrious, honored, and religious. Praise be,
-therefore, to the women of Woodstock! This town has the right to be
-proud of such noble sons and daughters, and we have the right to be
-proud that such a town as old Woodstock has nourished us and blessed us
-with such memories and influences.
-
-
-XII.
-
-What has the town done to make us proud of it? It has exerted an
-influence for good upon the country wherever its inhabitants have
-settled. Such settlements have been many. During the early history
-of the plantation, Woodstock men assisted largely in the settlement
-of Ashford, Pomfret, Killingly, and other neighboring towns. As the
-surplus population increased, migrations were made to the wild regions
-of Vermont and New Hampshire. Later came the settlements made by
-Connecticut, in the provinces of New York and Pennsylvania, in which
-Woodstock families were almost without exception represented. At the
-close of the Revolution the wave of emigration extended still farther
-West, and some of the oldest families in Ohio trace their ancestry back
-to this very town. To-day Woodstock has its representatives in almost
-every State in the Union, and the material growth and prosperity of
-the country has been in full measure owing to the settlements made by
-men from towns in New England like Woodstock. The ideas inherited from
-Puritan ancestors and modified according to existing circumstances have
-made towns, cities, even States, in which the whole country to-day
-takes the warmest pride. The man who inherits New England traditions
-from towns like Woodstock is worth more to the country than an army of
-Anarchists and Socialists.
-
-Woodstock is distinguished, too, for its "notable meetings," inherited
-from the Woodstock in England, of which Judge Sewell speaks. The first
-"notable meeting" was when John Eliot preached to the Indians on Plaine
-Hill. The second "notable meeting" was when the first settlers drew
-their home lots in Wabbaquasset Hall. The third "notable meeting"
-was at the funeral of Col. John Chandler in 1743, attended by the
-leading men in the colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. The
-church meetings of the last century, the town meeting when Woodstock
-transferred its allegiance to Connecticut, meetings during the
-Revolution, the old "training days" on Woodstock Common, have been
-followed by no end of "notable meetings" during the present century.
-But the one "notable meeting" that those of us present here to-day have
-in mind, was when Ulysses S. Grant, General of the Army, Savior of the
-Country and President of the United States, visited the town in 1870.
-
-But the chief glory of the town of Woodstock has been its love of local
-law. The source of the power of the continental nations of Europe may
-be traced back through the centuries to the village communities and
-Teutonic townships. In the mark, tithing, and parish of England the
-same principle of local self-government may be seen; and so our own
-nation's greatness, through Anglo-Saxon inheritance, has its source,
-not in the State, city, or county, but in the little school districts,
-villages, and towns of New England. Woodstock has been like a miniature
-republic, and has always believed in the supremacy of local law. Its
-refusal to send its representative to the General Court at Boston
-unless it could tax its own property as it pleased, and the refusal,
-for political reasons, of its delegates at the State Convention in
-1788 to vote for the ratification of the Constitution of the United
-States, are instances of the extreme independence of Woodstock. What
-it conscientiously believed, the town has never been slow to proclaim.
-Tenacious as Woodstock has always been of its privileges and its
-rights, its loyalty to the country, from the day the thirteen colonies
-became a nation, has never been questioned.
-
-
-XIII.
-
-I have given scarce more than a sketch in outline of what the history
-of Woodstock has been during the two hundred years since that historic
-band of brave boys and sturdy men, of deft-handed girls and sober
-matrons, swarmed like bees from the Roxbury hive[104] and settled on
-the Wabbaquasset hills. What Woodstock's history shall be remains for
-you, men and women of Woodstock, to develop. The fathers have kept
-bright the honest traditions and stout independence, the industrious
-thrift and religious faith which their Puritan fathers brought to the
-new settlement. The sons of this generation can be trusted to preserve
-and transmit them to their descendants. You, men of Woodstock, have
-your duties in the family, on the farm, toward your schools, and to
-your churches. All that the fathers have done puts an added obligation
-upon you. The improvement and development of the town depend on the
-individual exertions of its citizens. If you are young, infuse some of
-your own enthusiasm and intelligence into its different organizations.
-If you are old, remember these institutions in a substantial way.
-Woodstock will be what you make it. Michel Angelo saw in the block the
-exquisite unsculptured statue. Many blows of the chisel were necessary
-to disclose the perfect ideal to the eyes of a wondering world. In
-thought, in plan, in ideal, this town has been almost a perfect
-organization; but only those whose high vision is willing to pierce
-through all encrusting imperfections shall be the artists whose toil
-and sacrifices shall make this dear, noble, historic town of Woodstock
-an honor to the State and a blessing to its citizens. It is said that
-old John Eliot, from the high pulpit in Roxbury, used to pray every
-Sabbath for the new settlers at Woodstock. The words of those prayers
-are not preserved, but may the spirit of them come down through the
-centuries to inspire the hearts of all who inherit the blood of the
-early settlers of this ancient town. God, our fathers' God, bless old
-Woodstock!
-
-
-FOOTNOTES:
-
-[1] Also spelt Roxberry, Roxborough, Rocksborough.
-
-[2] July 30, 1630.
-
-[3] Young's "Chronicles of Massachusetts," p. 396.
-
-[4] Winthrop's "Journal," by Savage, vol. i., p. 111.
-
-[5] "Ordained over the First Church, Nov. 5, 1632."--Eliot's tomb in
-Roxbury.
-
-[6] "Memorial History of Boston," vol. i., p. 403.
-
-[7] Though the Williamses did not settle permanently in Woodstock till
-some years after the first settlement, the family was most prominent in
-Roxbury, and one of its representatives visited the grant officially in
-1686.
-
-[8] Drake's "Town of Roxbury" and "Memorial History of Boston," vol.
-i., pp. 401-422.
-
-[9] De Forest's "Indians of Connecticut," and Palfrey's "History of New
-England," and Miss Ellen D. Larned's "History of Windham County."
-
-[10] Also "called the Wabbaquassett and Whetstone country; and
-sometimes the Mohegan conquered country, as Uncas had conquered and
-added it to his sachemdom." Trumbull's "History of Connecticut," vol.
-i., 31.
-
-[11] September.
-
-[12] Winthrop's "Journal," by Savage, vol. i, 132. Palfrey's "Hist. of
-New England," vol. i., 369. The same year (Nov. 1633), "Samuel Hall and
-two other persons travelled westward into the country as far as this
-[Connecticut] river." Holmes' "Annals," vol. i., 220.
-
-[13] Winthrop's "Journal," vol. i., 171.
-
-[14] Possibly some of the Dorchester emigrants, including Henry
-Wolcott, William Phelps, and others, may have passed a little south of
-this line. Dr. McClure's MSS., in the possession of the Connecticut
-Historical Society: "In a conversation with the late aged and
-respectable Capt. Sabin of Pomfret, Ct., he related to me the following
-discovery, viz.: About forty years ago he felled a large and ancient
-yoke about the north line of Pomfret adjoining Woodstock. On cutting
-within some inches of the heart of the tree it was seen to have been
-cut and chipped with some short tool like an axe. Rightly judging that
-at the time when it must have been done the Indians so far inland were
-destitute and ignorant of the use of iron tools, he counted the number
-of the annual circular rings from the said marks to the bark of the
-tree, and found that there were as many rings as the years which had
-intervened from the migration of the Dorchester party to that time.
-Hence 'the probability that they had journeyed along the north border
-of Pomfret, and as they traveled by a compass, the conjecture is
-corroborated by that course being nearly in a direct line from Boston
-to the place of their settlement on the Connecticut River.'"--Stiles'
-"History of Ancient Windsor," p. 26.
-
-[15] "Memorial Hist. of Boston," vol. i., 263.
-
-[16] "Historical Collections of the Indians in New England. By Daniel
-Gookin, Gentleman, Printed from the original manuscript, 1792." See
-"Collections Mass. Hist. Soc.," vol. i., First Series, pp. 190-192.
-
-[17] Wabbaquasset, or Woodstock.
-
-[18] Dudley.
-
-[19] 1674.
-
-[20] Black James was a distinguished Indian. He met Eliot again in
-Cambridge in June of 1681, where a meeting of the claimants of the
-Nipmuck country was held. The village and much of the land of the town
-of Dudley was known years after the settlement of Woodstock as "The
-Land of Black James and Company."--Ammidown's "Historical Collections,"
-vol. i., 406, 461.
-
-[21] Named after "Wabbaquasset Hall," built in the spring or summer of
-1686.
-
-[22] Palfrey's "History of New England," vol. iii., 159.
-
-[23] Mrs. L. H. Sigourney's "Pocahontas."
-
-[24] Feb. 10, 1682.
-
-[25] Ellis' "History of Roxbury Town": "When the people of Roxbury came
-to take up lands, they selected their locations amongst the praying
-Indians or where Indians had been converted to Christianity.... This
-certainly is a sure indication of the steady adherence of his [John
-Eliot's] fellow-townsmen and their belief in the actual benefits of
-his missionary labors."
-
-[26] Oct. 6, 10, and 17.
-
-[27] Joseph Griggs, John Ruggles, and Edward Morris.
-
-[28] Dec. 5, 1683.
-
-[29] "Records of the Governor and Company of Massachusetts Bay in New
-England," vol. v., 426.
-
-[30] Oct. 27, 1684.
-
-[31] Jan. 28th.
-
-[32] "Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in
-New England," vol. v., 468.
-
-[33] Committee appointed May 14, 1686, and reported to Roxbury June
-12th.
-
-[34] Though the name of John Ruggles was on the list of "goers" and a
-house lot was drawn for him, he did not settle in Woodstock. The family
-of Ruggles is prominent among the first settlers in Pomfret.
-
-[35] This Jonathan Peake was the father of Jonathan Peake, Jr., born in
-1663, who came to Woodstock in April of 1687.
-
-[36] Lot 43 was given to Clement Corbin soon after the drawing of home
-lots. The inscription of his rude gravestone reads: "Here lies buried
-the body of Clement Corbin, aged 70, deceast August ye 1st, 1696."
-
-[37] The inscription on this small gravestone in the burying-ground on
-Woodstock Hill is read with difficulty and is as follows: "Here lies
-buried ye body of Lieu. Edward Morris, deceas'd September 14, 1689."
-
-Many of the first settlers now have no stones to mark their graves, and
-perhaps never had.
-
-[38] At that time twenty-four years old.
-
-[39] MSS. of Deacon Jedediah Morse, in the possession of Henry T.
-Child, of Woodstock.
-
-[40] Windsor was first called Dorchester and Hartford was first called
-Newtown.
-
-[41] Born in England, son of Henry Sewell of Rowley, Mass., and
-grandson of Henry Sewell, mayor of Coventry, England. In 1684, he
-became an Assistant.
-
-[42] Memorial "History of Boston," vol. i., 210, 540.
-
-[43] Hildreth's "History of the United States," vol. ii., 130.
-Trumbull's "History of Connecticut," vol. i., 401, 402. Palfrey's
-"Hist. of New England," vol. iv., 46. Holmes' "Annals of America," vol.
-i., 430, 431. Bancroft's "Hist. of the U. S.," vol. iii., 183.
-
-[44] "Collections of the Mass. Hist. Soc.," vol. v., Fifth Series, p.
-315, foot-note. Palfrey's "Hist, of N. E.," vol. iv., 48, foot-note,
-and appendix. The other six members of the Committee were Simon
-Bradstreet (Governor), Sir William Phips (Governor, 1692-95), Maj. Gen.
-Wait Winthrop, Maj. Elisha Hutchinson, Col. Samuel Shrimpton, and Maj.
-John Richards.
-
-[45] Thomas Gilbert, D.D., of Oxford University, author of "Carmen
-Congratulatorum." Judge Sewell visited him in England, and was shown
-by Dr. Gilbert the Bodleian Library, "a very magnificent Thing." See
-Sewell papers: Fifth Series, Mass. Hist. Soc. Collection, vols, v.,
-vi., vii. We may be allowed to suppose that Dr. Gilbert took Judge
-Sewell to Woodstock, only eight miles from Oxford University, where
-the latter perhaps was impressed for the first time with the name and
-historical associations of Woodstock.
-
-[46] Capt. Ruggles of Roxbury, who died Aug. 15, 1692, of whom Sewell
-says, in his Diary, Aug. 16th: "Capt. Ruggles also buried this day,
-died last night, but could not be kept."
-
-[47] Proceedings of Mass. Hist. Soc. for Feb., 1873, p. 399.
-
-[48] Rev. Mr. Dwight, of Woodstock, dined with him Aug. 24, 1718,
-and made a prayer at his court Nov. 7, 1718. Also see Diary, Jan. 2,
-1724: "Paid Mr. Josiah Dwight of Woodstock in full, of his demands for
-boarding Madam Usher there about six or seven weeks in the year 1718,
-�2-11." John Acquittimaug, of Woodstock, an Indian, who lived to be
-one hundred and fourteen years old, was entertained by Judge Sewell
-in 1723. _Boston News-Letter_, Aug. 29, 1723. The wills of Woodstock
-people were proved before "the Honorable Samuel Sewell, Judge of
-Probate." MSS. of Martin Paine of South Woodstock.
-
-[49] Paraclete Skinner, of Woodstock, who remembers the second
-meeting-house that was taken down in 1821, says that that structure
-never had a bell.
-
-[50] While in custody at Woodstock, Queen Elizabeth, according to the
-chronicler, Raphael Holinshed, wrote with a diamond on a pane of glass
-in her room these words:
-
-"Much suspected--of me Nothing proved can be, Quoth Elizabeth, prisoner."
-
-
-[51] Sir Walter Scott's novel of "Woodstock."
-
-[52] The last time that the name of New Roxbury, as applied to the name
-of the whole town, appears in the Proprietors' Records of Woodstock is
-March 18, 1689. The first time the name of Woodstock appears is May 26,
-1690: Woodstock Records.
-
-[53] 1691.
-
-[54] March.
-
-[55] Town meeting November 27th and 28th.
-
-[56] Woodstock, at this time, was under the restrictions of frontier
-towns. It was called a "frontier town" in 1695.--Mass. Hist. Society
-Proceedings, 1871-1873, p. 395.
-
-[57] December 28th.
-
-[58] Lincoln's "History of Worcester County."
-
-[59] Sept. 7th.
-
-[60] Manuscript Records of Second Precinct of Woodstock, or Parish
-of New Roxbury, in the possession of G. Clinton Williams, of West
-Woodstock.
-
-[61] May 16th.
-
-[62] Petition to town Nov. 2, 1736.
-
-[63] July, 1737.
-
-[64] 1739.
-
-[65] Oct. 2, 1741.
-
-[66] April, 1742.
-
-[67] Letter of Aug., 1742, to selectmen.
-
-[68] Nov. 18, 1742.
-
-[69] Sept. 14th.
-
-[70] In the school-house Sept. 27th.
-
-[71] Line dividing East and West Parishes approved by General Assembly
-of Connecticut in 1753, and name of New Roxbury approved in 1754.
-
-[72] The old First Church. See Records of First and Third
-Congregational Churches, and Miss Larned's "History of Windham County."
-
-[73] July 27th.
-
-[74] Class of 1733.
-
-[75] He was the son of John Stiles, who belonged to one of the oldest
-families of Windsor, and was the brother of Rev. Isaac Stiles, a
-graduate of Yale College in the class of 1722, and was uncle of Ezra
-Stiles, President of Yale College. President Stiles often visited
-Woodstock after his uncle had settled at Muddy Brook, now called East
-Woodstock.
-
-[76] Oct., 1761.
-
-[77] July 25th, at the age of 74.
-
-[78] Class of 1759.
-
-[79] Killingly.
-
-[80] Vote of First Church passed Dec. 8, 1766.
-
-[81] Letter dated Cambridge, March 24, 1776.
-
-[82] Class of 1776.
-
-[83] Hutchinson's "History of Massachusetts," vol. iii., 6-8; vol. ii.,
-363-396.
-
-[84] July 28, 1749.
-
-[85] Woodstock speaks of Massachusetts' repeated claims in a memorial
-to Conn. Gen. Assembly, May 2, 1771.
-
-[86] Gen. Putnam was much interested in this project. A meeting to
-promote the idea was held at his house in Pomfret, Feb. 11, 1771. The
-State again refused the application for a new county, when Pomfret
-applied in 1786 for a new county, "with Pomfret for shire-town."
-
-[87] Captain Johnson was the father of Nathaniel Johnson, and
-father-in-law of Lieutenant Henry Bowen, both first settlers of
-Woodstock.
-
-[88] "The Chandler Family," by Dr. George Chandler.
-
-[89] England declared war against France March 31st.
-
-[90] Seven hundred men from Massachusetts, of which Woodstock was then
-a part, were impressed for this service.
-
-[91] Lieut.-Col. Thomas Chandler was the son of Col. John Chandler,
-and was Woodstock's first representative to the General Assembly of
-Connecticut. Ante p. 44.
-
-[92] The forces were furnished by New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and
-Connecticut, and amounted to 4,070.
-
-[93] October 7th.
-
-[94] Fight at "Charlestown, No. 4," New Hampshire, May 2, 1748, in
-which Peter Perrin and Aaron Lyon, of Woodstock, were killed.
-
-[95] Or the Seven Years' War (1753-1760).
-
-[96] At town meeting, June 21, 1774.
-
-[97] Miss Ellen D. Larned's "History of Windham County."
-
-[98] There is no evidence to prove the reiterated statement that one
-hundred and eighty-nine Woodstock men fought at the battle of Bunker
-Hill. This number was stationed at Cambridge, and some of them may have
-been at Bunker Hill.
-
-[99] Oliver Wendell Holmes at Roseland Park, July 4, 1877.
-
-[100] Rev. Abel Styles subscribed the largest sum, �30. He was fond of
-_belles-lettres_, and in a communication to his church, speaks of "his
-beloved studies." Under his inspiration and instruction, Woodstock and
-Pomfret young men entered Yale College.
-
-[101] 1784-1856.
-
-[102] 1763-1837.
-
-[103] 1764-1804.
-
-[104] Cotton Mather: "Massachusetts soon became like a hive overstocked
-with bees, and many thought of swarming into new plantations."
-
-
-INDEX.
-
-
-
-  Academy, Establishment of, 53
-
-  Annexation to Connecticut in 1749, 44
-
-
-  Bacon, Thomas, 26
-
-  Black, James, 17
-
-  Bowen, Lieut. Henry, 26
-
-
-  Chandler, Captain John, 34
-
-  ---- Charles Church, 48
-
-  ---- Col. John, 55
-
-  ---- Col. Thomas, 47
-
-  ---- Hon. John Church, 55
-
-  ---- Judge John Winthrop, 55
-
-  ---- Rev. Thos. Bradbury, D.D., 55
-
-  ---- Winthrop, 55
-
-  Characteristics of the place and people, 58
-
-  Child, Captain Benjamin, 49
-
-  ---- Captain Elisha, 48, 49
-
-  ---- Lieut. Josiah, 49
-
-  ---- Nathaniel, 48
-
-  Church, First built 1694, 32
-
-  ---- Fourth Congregational, established 1767, 40
-
-  ---- Third Congregational, established 1760, 40
-
-  Churches, History of, 36
-
-  Connecticut, First members to General Assembly of, 44
-
-  "Connecticut Park," 13
-
-  Court, Establishment of, among Indians, 17
-
-  Cradock, Governor, 14
-
-  Curtis, John, 21
-
-
-  Distinguished men of Woodstock, 55
-
-  Dudley, Joseph, 20
-
-  ---- Thomas, Letter of, to Countess of Lincoln, March 12, 1630-1, 8
-
-  Dwight, Rev. Josiah, first minister, installed October 17, 1690, 32
-
-
-  Eaton, General William, 56
-
-  Education, progress of, 53
-
-  Eliot's visit to Woodstock, Narrative of, by Gookin, 15
-
-
-  Families represented in French and Indian War, 47
-
-  Fines imposed for non-attendance at town meeting, 33
-
-  Fox, Jabez, 49
-
-  ---- John, 49
-
-  French and Indian War, Woodstock families represented in, 47
-
-  Frizzel, William, 49
-
-  Frontier service, Twenty men impressed for, 1724, 46
-
-
-  General Court, First, in America, Boston, September 28, 1630, 9
-
-  Gookin, Major Daniel, magistrate of all Indian towns, 1656, 14
-
-  Grant, General U. S., Visit of, to Woodstock, 59
-
-  Gravestone of Edward Morris (oldest in county--1689), 25
-
-
-  Holmes, Abiel, 56
-
-  ---- Doctor David, 56
-
-  ---- Oliver Wendell, 56
-
-  Home lots, Drawing lots for, 23
-
-
-  Indian church, First, in America, established by Eliot at Natick
-    in 1651, 14
-
-  Indians, Religious instruction of, in 1629, 14
-
-  ---- Troubles with, 33
-
-
-  King Philip's war, Consequences of, 18
-
-
-  Leonard, Rev. Abiel, installed pastor, 1763, 40
-
-  ---- ---- appointed chaplain of Third Regiment of Connecticut, 41
-
-  ---- ---- death of, 41
-
-  Longevity of some of the present inhabitants, 26
-
-  Lots drawn for home lots, 23
-
-  Lyman, Rev. Eliphalet, ordained in 1779, 42
-
-  ---- "Old Priest," 42
-
-  Lyon, Captain Daniel, 49
-
-  ---- Stephen, 49
-
-
-  McClellan, Captain Samuel, 48, 49
-
-  ---- Gen. Geo. B., 51
-
-  Manning, Ephraim, 49
-
-  Marcy, Captain Nathaniel, 49
-
-  ---- Hon. Wm. Leonard, 56
-
-  ---- John, 56
-
-  Massachusetts Bay, first organized settlement on, 8
-
-  "Middlesex Gore," 45
-
-  Military renown of men of Woodstock, 46
-
-  Minister, appointment of first, 32
-
-  Morris, Asa, 49
-
-  ---- Commodore Charles, 55
-
-  ---- George N., 55
-
-  ---- Edward, 21
-
-  ---- Hon. J. F., 56
-
-  Morse, Jedediah, 48, 56
-
-  ---- Rev. Jedediah, D.D., 56
-
-  ---- Samuel F. B., 56
-
-  ---- Sarah, 26
-
-
-  Nipmuck country, Derivation of name, 12
-
-  ---- Description of, 12
-
-  ---- Desertion of, after King Philip's war, 18
-
-  ---- Purchase of, from Indians, 20
-
-  "Notable Meeting," 59
-
-
-  Oldman, John, 12
-
-  "Old Thirteen," Names of, 23
-
-
-  Perry, Saml., 49
-
-  Praying Villages, 14
-
-  Pulpit Rock, 18
-
-  Putnam, Capt. Israel, 47
-
-  Pynchon, William, 10
-
-
-  Quinnatisset, 15
-
-
-  Rebellion, Services of Woodstock, men in, 51
-
-  Refusal to send representatives to General Court at Boston, 60
-
-  Religious services among Indians, Description of, 15
-
-  Revolution, Company of one hundred and eighty-nine men formed
-    for service in, 48
-
-  ---- Service rendered by town during the, 47
-
-  Roxbury--Deputies sent to Boston Assembly, 1634, 9
-
-  ---- Early settlers' names, 10
-
-  ---- Eliot, Rev. John, pastor of First Church, established 1632, 10
-
-  ---- First settlers, where from, 9
-
-  ---- Founders' names, 10
-
-  ---- Prominent in organizing settlement of Woodstock, 11
-
-  ---- Settlement of, Sept. 28, 1630, 9
-
-  Ruggles, John, 21
-
-  ---- Samuel, 21
-
-
-  Sampson, Indian teacher at Wabquissit, 15
-
-  School-house built 1733, 37
-
-  Selectmen, Names of first, 33
-
-  ---- Names of first, chosen by New Roxbury, 27
-
-  Settlement, Arrangements for, 21
-
-  ---- Committee appointed to find place suitable for, 21
-
-  ---- Name of, changed from New Roxbury to Woodstock, 28
-
-  ---- of other towns by Woodstock men, 58
-
-  ---- Petition for land for, 1683, 21
-
-  ---- Time granted for, 21
-
-  ---- ---- extended, 22
-
-  Settlers, Ages of first, 25
-
-  ---- Descendants of, now in town, 26
-
-  ---- Enterprise of, 27
-
-  ---- First death among, 25
-
-  ---- Names of first, 24
-
-  ---- Original thirteen, 23
-
-  Sewell, Capt. Samuel, 29
-
-  ---- ---- Extract from diary of, 30
-
-  Skinner, Paraclete, 26
-
-  Stages, Lines of, established between Woodstock and New London
-    and New Haven, 50
-
-  Stiles, Rev. Abel S., 39
-
-  Stoughton, Wm., 20
-
-
-  Throop, Rev. Amos, 36
-
-  Trees planted by wife of General McClellan, 50
-
-
-  Wabbaquasset, 12
-
-  Wabquissit, 16
-
-  Walker, Amasa, 57
-
-  ---- Gen. Francis A., 57
-
-  War of 1812, Woodstock men in, 51
-
-  West Parish of Woodstock, incorporated 1743, 38
-
-  ---- called New Roxbury, 38
-
-  Williams, Jared W., 57
-
-  ---- Rev. Stephen, 38, 57
-
-  ---- Samuel, Sr., 57
-
-  Women of Woodstock, 57
-
-  Woodstock Hill, 13
-
-  Worcester County formed, 1731, 35
-
-
-
-Transcriber's note:
-
-Unusual spelling is as in the original.
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Woodstock, by Clarence Winthrop Bowen
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Woodstock, by Clarence Winthrop Bowen
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
-almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
-re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
-with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license
-
-
-Title: Woodstock
-       An historical sketch
-
-Author: Clarence Winthrop Bowen
-
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-
-
-<h1>WOODSTOCK</h1>
-
-<p class="center f12"><span class="smcap">An Historical Sketch</span></p>
-
-<p class="center f07">BY</p>
-
-<p class="center">CLARENCE WINTHROP BOWEN, <span class="smcap">Ph.D.</span></p>
-
-<p class="center f07">READ AT ROSELAND PARK, WOODSTOCK, CONNECTICUT, AT THE BI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION
-OF THE TOWN, ON TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1886</p>
-<hr />
-<p class="center f07">NEW YORK &amp; LONDON<br />
-G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS<br />
-The Knickerbocker Press<br />
-1886</p>
-
-
-<p class="center f05">
-COPYRIGHT BY<br />
-CLARENCE WINTHROP BOWEN<br />
-1886<br />
-<br />
-Press of<br />
-<span class="smcap">G. P. Putnam’s Sons</span><br />
-New York<br />
-</p>
-
-<hr />
-<p>As a full history of Woodstock has been in preparation
-for several years and will, it is hoped, be published
-in the course of another year, this brief sketch is issued
-as it was read at the Bi-Centennial Anniversary of
-the town.</p>
-
-<hr />
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
-
-
-
-<table summary="CONTENTS" border="0"><tr>
-<td class="tdr" colspan="3">PAGE</td>
-</tr><tr>
-<td class="tdr vertt">I.</td><td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Introduction</span></td><td class="tdr vertb"><a href="#Page_7">7</a></td>
-</tr><tr>
-<td class="tdr vertt">II.</td><td class="tdl"><p class="indent"><span class="smcap">The Settlement of Massachusetts Bay
-and of Roxbury</span></p></td><td class="tdr vertb"><a href="#Page_8">8</a></td>
-</tr><tr>
-<td class="tdr vertt">III.</td><td class="tdl"><p class="indent"><span class="smcap">The Nipmuck Country and the Visit of
-John Eliot to the Indians at Wabbaquasset,
-or Woodstock</span></p></td><td class="tdr vertb"><a href="#Page_12">12</a></td>
-</tr><tr>
-<td class="tdr vertt">IV.</td><td class="tdl"><p class="indent"><span class="smcap">The Settlement of New Roxbury, or
-Woodstock</span></p></td><td class="tdr vertb"><a href="#Page_20">20</a></td>
-</tr><tr>
-<td class="tdr vertt">V.</td><td class="tdl"><p class="indent"><span class="smcap">The Change of the Name of New Roxbury
-to Woodstock</span></p></td><td class="tdr vertb"><a href="#Page_28">28</a></td>
-</tr><tr>
-<td class="tdr vertt">VI.</td><td class="tdl"><p class="indent"><span class="smcap">The Growth of the New Township—1690-1731</span></p></td><td class="tdr vertb"><a href="#Page_32">32</a></td>
-</tr><tr>
-<td class="tdr vertt">VII.</td><td class="tdl"><p class="indent"><span class="smcap">Ecclesiastical Affairs</span></p></td><td class="tdr vertb"><a href="#Page_36">36</a></td>
-</tr><tr>
-<td class="tdr vertt">VIII.</td><td class="tdl"><p class="indent"><span class="smcap">The Transfer of Woodstock from Massachusetts
-to Connecticut</span></p></td><td class="tdr vertb"><a href="#Page_43">43</a></td>
-</tr><tr>
-<td class="tdr vertt">IX.</td><td class="tdl"><p class="indent"><span class="smcap">Military Record</span></p></td><td class="tdr vertb"><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td>
-</tr><tr>
-<td class="tdr vertt">X.</td><td class="tdl"><p class="indent"><span class="smcap">Educational Matters</span></p></td><td class="tdr vertb"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td>
-</tr><tr>
-<td class="tdr vertt">XI.</td><td class="tdl"><p class="indent"><span class="smcap">Distinguished Citizens</span></p></td><td class="tdr vertb"><a href="#Page_55">55</a></td>
-</tr><tr>
-<td class="tdr vertt">XII.</td><td class="tdl"><p class="indent"><span class="smcap">Characteristics of Woodstock</span></p></td><td class="tdr vertb"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td>
-</tr><tr>
-<td class="tdr vertt">XIII.</td><td class="tdl"><p class="indent"><span class="smcap">Conclusion</span></p></td><td class="tdr vertb"><a href="#Page_61">61</a></td>
-</tr><tr>
-<td class="tdr">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Index</span></td><td class="tdr vertb"><a href="#Page_63">63</a></td>
-</tr></table>
-<hr />
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span><br /><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p>
-
-
-<h2>I.</h2>
-
-
-<p>The history of the town of Woodstock is associated
-with the beginnings of history in New England. The
-ideas of the first settlers of Woodstock were the ideas
-of the first settlers of the Colony of Plymouth and the
-Province of Massachusetts Bay. The planting of these
-colonies was one of the fruits of the Reformation. The
-antagonism between the Established Church of England
-and the Non-Conformists led to the settlement of New
-England. The Puritans of Massachusetts, at first Non-Conformists,
-became Separatists like the Pilgrims of
-Plymouth. Pilgrims and Puritans alike accepted persecution
-and surrendered the comforts of home to obtain
-religious liberty. They found it in New England;
-and here, more quickly than in the mother country,
-they developed also that civil liberty which is now the
-birthright of every Anglo-Saxon.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>II.</h2>
-
-
-<p>The settlement of Woodstock is intimately connected
-with the first organized settlement on Massachusetts
-Bay; and how our mother town of Roxbury was first
-established is best told in the words of Thomas Dudley
-in his letter to the Countess of Lincoln under date of
-Boston, March 12, 1630-1:</p>
-
-<blockquote>
-
-<p>“About the year 1627 some friends, being together
-in Lincolnshire, fell into discourse about New England
-and the planting of the gospel there. In 1628 we
-procured a patent from his Majesty for our planting
-between the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River
-on the South and the River of Merrimack on the
-North and three miles on either side of those rivers
-and bay ... and the same year we sent Mr. John
-Endicott and some with him to begin a plantation. In
-1629 we sent divers ships over with about three hundred
-people. Mr. Winthrop, of Suffolk (who was well
-known in his own country and well approved here for
-his piety, liberality, wisdom, and gravity), coming in to
-us we came to such resolution that in April, 1630, we
-set sail from Old England.... We were forced to
-change counsel, and, for our present shelter, to plant
-dispersedly.”</p></blockquote>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>Settlements were accordingly made at Salem,
-Charlestown, Boston, Medford, Watertown, and in
-several other localities. The sixth settlement was
-made, to quote further from the same letter to the
-Countess of Lincoln, by “others of us two miles from
-Boston, in a place we named Rocksbury.”<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">1</a></p>
-
-<p>The date of settlement was September 28, 1630, and
-just three weeks later the first General Court that ever
-sat in America was held in Boston. The same year
-the first church in Boston was organized.<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">2</a> Roxbury,
-like the other settlements of Massachusetts Bay, was
-a little republic in itself. The people chose the selectmen
-and governed themselves; and as early as 1634,
-like the seven other organized towns, they sent three
-deputies to Boston to attend the first representative
-Assembly at which important business was transacted.
-The government of Roxbury, like the other plantations,
-was founded on a theocratic basis. Church and
-state were inseparable. No one could be admitted as
-a citizen unless he was a member of the church.
-Many of the first settlers came from Nazing, a small
-village in England, about twenty miles from London,
-on the river Lee. Morris, Ruggles, Payson, and Peacock,
-names read in the earliest records of Woodstock,
-were old family names in Nazing. Other first inhabitants
-of Roxbury came from Wales and the west of
-England, or London and its vicinity. Among the
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span>
-founders were John Johnson, Richard Bugbee, and
-John Leavens, whose family names are well known as
-among the first settlers of Woodstock. All were men
-of property<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">3</a>; none were “of the poorer sort.” In
-1631 the Rev. John Eliot, a native of the village of Nazing,
-arrived with a company of Nazing pilgrims. Eliot,
-though earnestly solicited to become pastor of the
-church in Boston,<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">4</a> accepted the charge of the church in
-Roxbury, which was organized in 1632,<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">5</a> and was the
-sixth church, in order of time, established in New England.
-Another name equally prominent in the earliest
-years of the history of Roxbury was that of William
-Pynchon, afterwards known as the founder of Springfield
-in Massachusetts. Only Boston excels Roxbury
-in the number of its citizens who have made illustrious
-the early history of the Massachusetts colony.<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">6</a> Among
-the early settlers of Roxbury who themselves became,
-or whose descendants became, the early settlers of
-Woodstock, were the Bartholomews, Bowens, Bugbees,
-Chandlers, Childs, Corbins, Crafts, Griggses, Gareys,
-Holmeses, Johnsons, Lyons, Levinses, Mays, Morrises,
-Paysons, Peacocks, Peakes, Perrins, Scarboroughs,
-and Williamses.<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">7</a></p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>In 1643 the towns within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts
-had grown to thirty, and Roxbury did more than
-her share towards the organization of the new towns.
-In fact, Roxbury has been called the mother of towns,
-no less than fifteen communities having been founded
-by her citizens.<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">8</a> Among the most important of these
-settlements was the town of Woodstock, whose Bicentennial
-we this day celebrate.</p>
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></p>
-<h2>III.</h2>
-
-
-<p>A glance at the country about us previous to the
-settlement of the town, in 1686, shows us a land
-sparsely inhabited by small bands of peaceful Indians,
-without an independent chief of their own, but who
-paid tribute to the Sachem of the Mohegans, the warriors
-who had revolted from the Pequots. Woodstock
-was a portion of the Nipmuck<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">9</a> country, so-called
-because it contained fresh ponds or lakes in contrast to
-other sections that bordered upon the sea or along running
-rivers. Wabbaquasset, or the mat-producing
-place, was the name of the principal Indian village, and
-that name still exists in the corrupted form of Quasset
-to designate a section of the town. Indians from the
-Nipmuck<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">10</a> country took corn to Boston in 1630, soon
-after the arrival of the “Bay Colony”; and in 1633<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">11</a>
-John Oldman and his three Dorchester companions
-passed through this same section on their way to learn
-something of the Connecticut River country; and they</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>may have rested on yonder “Plaine Hill,” for history
-states that they “lodged at Indians towns all the way.”<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">12</a>
-The old “Connecticut Path” over which that distinguished
-band<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">13</a> of colonists went in 1635 and 1636 to
-settle the towns of Windsor, Wethersfield, and Hartford,
-passed through the heart of what is now Woodstock.<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">14</a>
-This path so famous in the early days of New
-England history, came out of Thompson Woods, a little
-north of Woodstock Lake, and proceeding across the
-Senexet meadow, ran west near Plaine Hill, Marcy’s
-Hill, and a little south of the base of Coatney Hill.
-For more than fifty years before the settlement of the
-town, this historic path near Woodstock Hill was the
-outlet for the surplus population of Massachusetts Bay
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span>
-and the line of communication between Massachusetts
-and the Connecticut and New Haven colonies. But
-the most noteworthy feature in the description of the
-Indians of the Nipmuck country is that as early as
-1670 they were formed into Praying Villages. Evidently
-the instructions of Gov. Cradock in his letter of
-March, 1629, to John Endicott had not been forgotten.
-In that letter he said: “Be not unmindful of the main
-end of our plantation by endeavoring to bring the Indians
-to the knowledge of the gospel.” In the heart
-of one man at least that idea was paramount. John
-Eliot, the Apostle to the Indians, was not content to
-be simply the pastor of the church of Roxbury for
-nearly sixty years. Amid his countless other labors he
-preached the gospel to the Indians of the Nipmuck
-country. The first Indian church in America had been
-established by him at Natick in 1651; and, in 1674, he
-visited the Indian villages in the wild territory about
-these very hills. As he found it, to quote his own
-words,<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">15</a> “absolutely necessary to carry on civility with
-religion,” he was accompanied by Major Daniel Gookin,
-who had been appointed, in 1656, magistrate of
-all the Indian towns. Maanexit was first visited on
-the Mohegan or Quinebaug River, near what is now
-New Boston, where Eliot preached to the natives,
-using as his text the seventh verse of the twenty-fourth
-Psalm: “Lift up your heads, O ye gates; and
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>
-be ye lift up, ye everlasting doors; and the king of
-glory shall come in.”</p>
-
-<p>Quinnatisset, on what is now Thompson Hill, was the
-name of another Praying Town. But a quotation<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">16</a>
-from the homely narrative of Major Gookin is the best
-description of Eliot’s memorable visit to Woodstock:</p>
-
-<blockquote>
-
-<p>“We went not to it [Quinnatisset], being straitened
-for time, but we spake with some of the principal
-people at Wabquissit.<a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">17</a> ... Wabquissit ...
-lieth about nine or ten miles from Maanexit, upon the
-west side, six miles of Mohegan River, and is distant
-from Boston west and by south, about seventy-two
-miles. It lieth about four miles within the Massachusetts
-south line. It hath about thirty families, and one
-hundred and fifty souls. It is situated in a very rich
-soil, manifested by the goodly crop of Indian corn then
-newly ingathered, not less than forty bushels upon an
-acre. We came thither late in the evening upon the
-15th of September, and took up our quarters at the
-sagamore’s wigwam, who was not at home: but his
-squaw courteously admitted us, and provided liberally,
-in their way, for the Indians that accompanied us.
-This sagamore inclines to religion, and keeps the
-meeting on sabbath days at his house, which is
-spacious, about sixty feet in length and twenty feet in
-width. The teacher of this place is named Sampson;
-an active and ingenious person. He speaks good
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span>
-English and reads well. He is brother unto Joseph,
-before named, teacher at Chabanakougkomun<a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">18</a> ...
-being both hopeful, pious, and active men; especially
-the younger before-named Sampson, teacher at Wabquissit,
-who was, a few years since, a dissolute person,
-and I have been forced to be severe in punishing him
-for his misdemeanors formerly. But now he is,
-through grace, changed and become sober and pious;
-and he is now very thankful to me for the discipline
-formerly exercised towards him. And besides his
-flagitious life heretofore, he lived very uncomfortably
-with his wife; but now they live very well together,
-I confess this story is a digression. But because it
-tendeth to magnify grace, and that to a prodigal, and
-to declare how God remembers his covenant unto the
-children of such as are faithful and zealous for him in
-their time and generation, I have mentioned it.</p>
-
-<p>“We being at Wabquissit, at the sagamore’s wigwam,
-divers of the principal people that were at home
-came to us, with whom we spent a good part of the
-night in prayer, singing psalms, and exhortations.
-There was a person among them, who, sitting mute a
-great space, at last spake to this effect: That he was
-agent for Unkas, Sachem of Mohegan, who challenged
-right to, and dominion over, this people of Wabquissit.
-And said he, Unkas is not well pleased that the English
-should pass over Mohegan River to call his Indians
-to pray to God. Upon which speech Mr. Eliot first
-answered, that it was his work to call upon all men
-everywhere, as he had opportunity, especially the
-Indians, to repent and embrace the gospel; but he did
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>
-not meddle with civil right or jurisdiction. When he
-had done speaking, then I declared to him, and desired
-him to inform Unkas what I said, that Wabquissit was
-within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, and that the
-government of that people did belong to them; and
-that they do look upon themselves concerned to promote
-the good of all people within their limits,
-especially if they embraced Christianity. Yet it was
-not hereby intended to abridge the Indian sachems of
-their just and ancient right over the Indians, in respect
-of paying tribute or any other dues. But the main
-design of the English was to bring them to the good
-knowledge of God in Christ Jesus; and to suppress
-among them those sins of drunkenness, idolatry, powowing
-or witchcraft, whoredom, murder, and like sins. As
-for the English, they had taken no tribute from them,
-nor taxed them with any thing of the kind.</p>
-
-<p>“Upon the 16th day of September<a name="FNanchor_19_19" id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">19</a> being at Wabquissit,
-as soon as the people were come together, Mr.
-Eliot first prayed, and then preached to them, in their
-own language, out of Mat. vi., 33: <i>First seek the kingdom
-of heaven and the righteousness thereof, and all these
-things shall be added unto you.</i> Their teacher, Sampson,
-first reading and setting the cxix. Ps., 1st part, which
-was sung. The exercise was concluded with prayer.</p>
-
-<p>“Then I began a Court among the Indians, and first
-I approved their teacher, Sampson, and their constable,
-Black James,<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">20</a> giving each of them a charge to be diligent
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>
-and faithful in their places. Also I exhorted the
-people to yield obedience to the gospel of Christ and
-to those set in order there. Then published a warrant
-or order, that I had prepared, empowering the constable
-to suppress drunkenness, Sabbath breaking,
-especially powowing and idolatry. And, after warning
-given, to apprehend all delinquents and bring them
-before authority to answer for their misdoings; the
-smaller faults to bring before Watasacompamun, ruler
-of the Nipmuck country; for idolatry and powowing
-to bring them before me: So we took leave of this
-people of Wabquissit, and about eleven o’clock returned
-back to Maanexit and Chabanakougkomun,
-where we lodged this night.”</p></blockquote>
-
-<p>History fails to locate the spot where John Eliot’s
-sermon to the Indians of Woodstock was delivered,
-but tradition points to “Pulpit Rock,” so-called, under
-the aged chestnut trees of the McClellan farm near
-the “Old Hall”<a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">21</a> road.</p>
-
-<p>But Eliot’s good work in the Nipmuck country was
-destroyed when King Philip’s war broke out in 1675.
-In August of that year a company of Providence men
-journeyed as far as Wabbaquasset, thinking that
-possibly King Philip himself had escaped thither.<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">22</a>
-They found an Indian fort a mile or two west of
-Woodstock Hill, but no Indians. A party from Norwich
-in June of the following year also found deserted
-Wabbaquasset and the other Praying Villages. Desolation
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span>
-and devastation followed the disappearance of
-the Red Man. The Nipmuck country became more a
-wilderness than ever, forsaken of its aboriginal inhabitants
-whose barbaric tenure could not stand against a
-superior civilization.</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="line i04">“Forgotten race, farewell! Your haunts we tread,</div>
-<div class="line">Our mighty rivers speak your words of yore,</div>
-<div class="line">Our mountains wear them on their misty head,</div>
-<div class="line">Our sounding cataracts hurl them to the shore;</div>
-<div class="line">But on the lake your flashing oar is still,</div>
-<div class="line">Hush’d is your hunter’s cry on dale and hill,</div>
-<div class="line">Your arrow stays the eagle’s flight no more,</div>
-<div class="line">And ye, like troubled shadows, sink to rest</div>
-<div class="line">In unremember’d tombs, unpitied and unbless’d.”<a name="FNanchor_23_23" id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">23</a></div>
-</div></div></div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>IV.</h2>
-
-
-<p>The time had now arrived for the white man to make
-a settlement at Wabbaquasset. In May, of 1681, the
-General Court of Massachusetts Bay had given to
-William Stoughton and Joseph Dudley the care of the
-Nipmuck country, with power to ascertain the titles belonging
-to the Indians and others, and a meeting of
-the claimants was held the following month at Cambridge,
-at which John Eliot rendered much assistance
-as interpreter. Dudley and Stoughton purchased all
-the claims, and the following year,<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">24</a> the whole
-Nipmuck country became the property of Massachusetts
-Bay. Jurisdiction over the country had already
-been claimed, under the terms of the Massachusetts
-charter. Many of the inhabitants of the town
-of Roxbury now felt that they could improve their
-condition and increase their usefulness by forming a
-settlement in some desirable portion of the new country.
-Undoubtedly their pastor, John Eliot, had told
-them of the beauty and fertility of the country about
-the Praying Villages of Maanexit, Quinnatisset, and
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span>
-Wabbaquasset.<a name="FNanchor_25_25" id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">25</a> Town meetings to arrange for a new
-settlement, were held in Roxbury in October of 1683.<a name="FNanchor_26_26" id="FNanchor_26_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_26_26" class="fnanchor">26</a>
-A petition was signed, by a number of representative
-citizens of the town, asking that the General Court
-might grant to them a tract seven miles square about
-Quinnatisset, in the Nipmuck country. All save six
-of the thirty-six who signed this petition, afterwards
-became settlers of the new town, and of the five selectmen
-of Roxbury who presented the petition to the General
-Court, three<a name="FNanchor_27_27" id="FNanchor_27_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_27_27" class="fnanchor">27</a> represented families prominent in the
-early history of Woodstock. The General Court at once
-granted<a name="FNanchor_28_28" id="FNanchor_28_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_28" class="fnanchor">28</a> the petition provided the grant should not fall
-within a section to be reserved for Messrs Stoughton
-and Dudley, and Major Thompson, and provided also
-that thirty families should be settled on the plantation
-within three years from the following June, “and mainteyne
-amongst them an able, orthodox, godly minister.”<a name="FNanchor_29_29" id="FNanchor_29_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_29_29" class="fnanchor">29</a>
-In 1684 Roxbury accepted the terms of the
-General Court, and sent Samuel and John Ruggles,
-John Curtis, and Edward Morris, as a committee of four,
-to “view the wilderness and find a convenient place.”</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>As Quinnatisset had been in part already granted, the
-committee reported<a name="FNanchor_30_30" id="FNanchor_30_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_30_30" class="fnanchor">30</a> a territory “commodiose” for
-settlement at “Seneksuk and Wapagusset and the
-lands ajasiant.” A committee was therefore appointed
-to draw up an agreement for the “goers,” as they were
-called, to sign. In 1685,<a name="FNanchor_31_31" id="FNanchor_31_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_31_31" class="fnanchor">31</a> in answer to the petition of
-Edward Morris, deputy in behalf of the town of Roxbury,
-the General Court extended the limit of the time
-of settlement from June 10, 1687, to Jan. 31, 1688, and
-granted freedom from rates up to that time.<a name="FNanchor_32_32" id="FNanchor_32_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_32_32" class="fnanchor">32</a> At town
-meetings held in Roxbury, during the same year, it
-was arranged that one half of the grant should belong
-to the new settlers and one hundred pounds in money
-be given to them in instalments of twenty pounds a
-year, and the other half of the grant should belong to
-“the stayers” in consideration of the aid given “the
-goers.” The southern half of the grant was the portion
-subsequently occupied by “the goers.” Actual
-possession, however, was not taken until April of the
-following year. On the second page of the cover of
-the old and musty first volume of records of the proprietors
-of New Roxbury, afterwards called Woodstock,
-are these words:</p>
-
-<blockquote>
-
-<p class="right">“April 5, 1686.</p>
-
-<p>“These are the thirteen who were sent out to spy
-out Woodstock as planters and to take actual posession:
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span>
-Jonathan Smithers, John Frissell, Nathaniel
-Garey, John Marcy, Benjamin Griggs, John Lord,
-Benjamin Sabin, Henry Bowen, Matthew Davis,
-Thomas Bacon, Peter Aspinwall, George Griggs, and
-Ebenezer Morris.”</p></blockquote>
-
-
-<p>These thirteen planters, or the “Old Thirteen” as
-they have always been called, were visited in May or
-June<a name="FNanchor_33_33" id="FNanchor_33_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_33_33" class="fnanchor">33</a> by a committee who had been appointed to
-ascertain the bounds of the grant. The last meeting
-of the “goers to settle” was held in Roxbury, July 21st;
-their first meeting in New Roxbury was held August
-25th. A committee of seven, consisting of Joseph Griggs,
-Edward Morris, Henry Bowen, Sr., John Chandler,
-Sr., Samuel Craft, Samuel Scarborough, and Jonathan
-Smithers, having been appointed to make needful
-arrangements preliminary to the drawing of home
-lots, that drawing took place on the twenty-eighth of
-August, or, by the new style of reckoning time, exactly
-two hundred years ago to-day.</p>
-
-<p>Say the old records: “After solemn prayer to God,
-who is the Disposer of all things, they drew lots according
-to the agreement, every man being satisfied
-and contented with God’s disposing.” Would that the
-words of that prayer and the picture of that scene
-could to-day be reproduced! Surely the spirit of the
-Puritans of 1630 was the spirit of that band of pilgrims
-in 1686 on yonder hill. These are the honored names
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span>
-of the first settlers: Thomas and Joseph Bacon, James
-Corbin, Benjamin Sabin, Henry Bowen, Thomas
-Lyon, Ebenezer Morris, Matthew Davis, William
-Lyon, Sr., John Chandler, Sr., Peter Aspinwall,
-John Frizzel, Joseph Frizzel, Jonathan Smithers, John
-Butcher, Jonathan Davis, Jonathan Peake, Nathaniel
-Garey, John Bowen, Nathaniel Johnson, John Hubbard,
-George Griggs, Benjamin Griggs, William Lyon,
-Jr., John Leavens, Nathaniel Sanger, Samuel Scarborough,
-Samuel Craft, Samuel May, Joseph Bugbee,
-Samuel Peacock, Arthur Humphrey, John Bugbee,
-Jr., Andrew Watkins, John Marcy, Edward Morris,
-Joseph Peake, John Holmes, and John Chandler, Jr.</p>
-
-<p>Of that list of thirty-nine,<a name="FNanchor_34_34" id="FNanchor_34_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_34_34" class="fnanchor">34</a> Benjamin Sabin, Nathaniel
-Sanger, Nathaniel Garey, John Hubbard, Matthew
-Davis, and George Griggs afterwards moved to Pomfret;
-Peter Aspinwall and his step-sons, the sons of
-John Leavens, went to Killingby; and Arthur Humphrey
-and others became the first settlers of Ashford.
-A few returned to Roxbury. But a large share of
-the original settlers lived and died in Woodstock,
-including Edward and Ebenezer Morris, Jonathan
-and Joseph Peake, James Corbin, Thomas and
-Joseph Bacon, Henry Bowen, William and Thomas
-Lyon, John Chandler, Sr., and John Chandler, Jr.,
-John Butcher, Nathaniel Johnson, Joseph and John
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span>
-Bugbee, John Marcy, John Holmes, and perhaps a few
-others. As an illustration of the ages of the pioneers
-in 1686, it may be mentioned that Benjamin Griggs
-was nineteen; Joseph Bacon and Andrew Watkins,
-twenty; John Bugbee, John Chandler, Jr., James Corbin,
-and Jonathan Davis, twenty-one; Peter Aspinwall,
-Matthew Davis, John Frizzel, and Lieut. Ebenezer
-Morris, twenty-two; John Butcher and Nathaniel
-Garey, twenty-three; John Bowen and John Marcy,
-twenty-four; George Griggs, John Holmes, and Samuel
-May, twenty-five; Thomas Bacon, twenty-eight; Samuel
-Peacock, twenty-nine; William Lyon, Jr., and Nathaniel
-Sanger, thirty-four; Thomas Lyon, thirty-eight;
-Nathaniel Johnson, thirty-nine; Benjamin Sabin and
-Samuel Scarborough, forty; Joseph Peake, forty-one;
-Joseph Bugbee and John Leavens, forty-six; Samuel Craft
-and Jonathan Peake,<a name="FNanchor_35_35" id="FNanchor_35_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_35_35" class="fnanchor">35</a> forty-nine; Deacon John Chandler,
-fifty-one; Lieut. Henry Bowen, fifty-three; Edward
-Morris, fifty-six; and William Lyon Sr., sixty-five.<a name="FNanchor_36_36" id="FNanchor_36_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_36_36" class="fnanchor">36</a></p>
-
-<p>The first one of the thirty-nine to die was Lieut.
-Edward Morris, whose gravestone bears the date of
-1689, the oldest in the county.<a name="FNanchor_37_37" id="FNanchor_37_37"></a><a href="#Footnote_37_37" class="fnanchor">37</a> The last one of the
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span>
-thirty-nine to die was Thomas Bacon, who lived to be
-ninety-six years of age. To show the extreme ages of
-some of the Woodstock people, it may here be said
-that Paraclete Skinner, now living, remembers Deacon
-Jedediah Morse, who died in 1819 at the age of ninety-three,
-and Deacon Morse was seventeen years old
-when Col. John Chandler, a first settler, was living;
-and thirty-two years of age the year that Thomas
-Bacon, another first settler, died. That is, an inhabitant
-of this town remembers one who knew some
-of the first settlers of Woodstock. Lieut. Henry
-Bowen, one of the first settlers, attained the age of
-ninety. Deacon Morse’s grandmother, who came in
-April of 1687 to Woodstock with her husband Jonathan
-Peake, Jr.,<a name="FNanchor_38_38" id="FNanchor_38_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_38_38" class="fnanchor">38</a> likewise lived to be ninety, lacking twelve
-days. One of the oldest persons that ever lived in Woodstock
-was Sarah, the daughter of Jonathan Peake, Jr.,
-and the mother of Deacon Morse, who reached the
-age of ninety-nine, lacking forty-four days, and who
-had about her while living three hundred and nineteen
-descendants.<a name="FNanchor_39_39" id="FNanchor_39_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_39_39" class="fnanchor">39</a> The combined ages of Thomas Bacon,
-Sarah Morse, and Paraclete Skinner is now two hundred
-and eighty years. Time alone can tell to what
-figure their combined ages may attain!</p>
-
-<p>But what a small number in that list of first settlers
-have descendants bearing the same family name among
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>
-the citizens of Woodstock to-day! Only James Corbin,
-William Lyon, John Chandler, Nathaniel Johnson,
-Benjamin Griggs, Henry Bowen, Joseph Bugbee,
-Nathaniel Sanger, and John Marcy! But Woodstock
-is proud to own among the descendants of
-the first settlers influential and honored citizens of
-many towns and cities, and some of them, I rejoice to
-say are here to-day.</p>
-
-<p>The first settlers of Woodstock had the right stuff
-in them to succeed. After the home-lots were chosen
-highways were laid out, a grist-mill and saw-mill built,
-bridges constructed, new inhabitants brought in, and
-every thing possible was done to make the settlement
-permanent. A general meeting of the inhabitants
-was held July 2, 1687, when “John Chandler, Sr.,
-Nathaniel Johnson, Joseph Bugbee, James White, and
-James Peake, were chosen to order the prudential affairs
-of the place as selectmen, for the year ensuing.”</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>V.</h2>
-
-
-<p>An effort was now made to get a confirmation of the
-grant occupied by the new settlers, but as long as Sir
-Edmund Andros was the Royal Governor of the Province,
-it was impossible. A delay ensued until William
-and Mary became sovereigns of Great Britain.
-The new settlers had not yet an organized town government.
-The settlement, like the first settlements in
-Windsor and Hartford, received its name from the
-mother town.<a name="FNanchor_40_40" id="FNanchor_40_40"></a><a href="#Footnote_40_40" class="fnanchor">40</a> But the New Roxbury people wished
-to have a name of their own and a town of their
-own. At the beginning of the year 1690 they
-chose a committee of three to petition the General
-Court to substitute a new name for that of New Roxbury.
-The committee at once conferred with the
-mother town, for on Jan. 13, 1690, Roxbury held a
-town meeting at which it was voted to request the
-General Court to allow the settlement in the Nipmuck
-country to become a town, to confirm the grant and to
-give a suitable name. The New Roxbury committee
-pressed their claims, and on March 18, 1690, the General
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span>
-Court confirmed the grant and voted that the name
-of the plantation be Woodstock. We owe the name of
-Woodstock to Capt. Samuel Sewell<a name="FNanchor_41_41" id="FNanchor_41_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_41_41" class="fnanchor">41</a> who was Chief-Justice
-of Massachusetts from 1718 to 1728. He has
-been called “a typical Puritan” and “the Pepys of
-New England,”—the man who judged the witches of
-Salem and afterwards repented of it.<a name="FNanchor_42_42" id="FNanchor_42_42"></a><a href="#Footnote_42_42" class="fnanchor">42</a> In 1690, when
-Count Frontenac’s<a name="FNanchor_43_43" id="FNanchor_43_43"></a><a href="#Footnote_43_43" class="fnanchor">43</a> forces were coming down from
-Canada upon the settlements of the United Colonies,
-and Massachusetts determined to ask the help of Connecticut
-in protecting the upper towns on the Connecticut
-River, Captain Sewell rode past Woodstock on his
-way to Connecticut. He was no doubt on business of
-state, being one of the Governor’s Counsellors, and
-one of a Committee of Seven of the Council with the
-same power as the Council to arrange “for setting
-forth the forces.”<a name="FNanchor_44_44" id="FNanchor_44_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_44_44" class="fnanchor">44</a> The proximity of New Roxbury
-to Oxford in Massachusetts suggested to him, he tells
-us, the name of a famous place near old Oxford in
-England.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>In his Diary of March 18, 1689/90, Capt. Sewell, says:</p>
-
-<blockquote>
-
-<p>“I gave New Roxbury the name of Woodstock, because
-of its nearness to Oxford, for the sake of Queen
-Elizabeth, and the notable meetings that have been
-held at the place bearing that name in England, some
-of which Dr. Gilbert<a name="FNanchor_45_45" id="FNanchor_45_45"></a><a href="#Footnote_45_45" class="fnanchor">45</a> informed me of when in England.
-It stands on a Hill. I saw it as I [went] to Coventry,
-but left it on the left hand. Some told Capt. Ruggles<a name="FNanchor_46_46" id="FNanchor_46_46"></a><a href="#Footnote_46_46" class="fnanchor">46</a>
-that I gave the name and put words in his mouth to
-desire of me a Bell for the Town.”<a name="FNanchor_47_47" id="FNanchor_47_47"></a><a href="#Footnote_47_47" class="fnanchor">47</a></p></blockquote>
-
-<p>Though Judge Sewell, years after his first visit had
-social relations<a name="FNanchor_48_48" id="FNanchor_48_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_48_48" class="fnanchor">48</a> with some of the inhabitants of Woodstock,
-there is no evidence to show that he ever gave
-a bell to the town or to the church.<a name="FNanchor_49_49" id="FNanchor_49_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_49_49" class="fnanchor">49</a> But he gave us
-something better, a good name,—the name of Woodstock,
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span>
-associated with the memories of Saxon and
-Norman Kings, the spot where King Alfred translated
-“The Consolations of Philosophy,” by Boethius, the birthplace
-of the poet Chaucer, the prison of Queen Elizabeth.<a name="FNanchor_50_50" id="FNanchor_50_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_50_50" class="fnanchor">50</a>
-History and romance<a name="FNanchor_51_51" id="FNanchor_51_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_51_51" class="fnanchor">51</a> have made illustrious the names
-of Woodstock and Woodstock Park, and “the notable
-meetings” spoken of by Judge Sewell as having taken
-place in Old England have been transferred to the
-settlement in New England. Surely the name of
-Woodstock, as applied to the little village of New Roxbury,
-has proved to be no misnomer.</p>
-
-<p>It should be said that the western part of the town,
-when it became a settlement years after, revived the
-old name of New Roxbury. The church in West
-Woodstock belonged to what was called the Parish of
-New Roxbury, or the Second Precinct of Woodstock.<a name="FNanchor_52_52" id="FNanchor_52_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_52_52" class="fnanchor">52</a></p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>VI.</h2>
-
-
-<p>The most pressing duty for our ancestors to perform,
-after securing a name and legalized status for the town,
-was the settlement of “an able, orthodox, godly minister.”
-The Rev. Josiah Dwight, a graduate of Harvard
-College in the class of 1687, received the appointment,
-and was installed October 17, 1690, receiving £40 the
-first year, £50 the second, and £60 the third year and
-thereafter. It was with difficulty, however, that these
-sums were paid, and when, some years after, the
-account was settled by the payment of what was due,
-he gave a receipt in full “from the beginning of the
-world to May 6, 1696.” A home lot was allowed Mr.
-Dwight according to the original drawing of lots, and
-arrangements were made to build a home for him
-immediately after his settlement. The following year,<a name="FNanchor_53_53" id="FNanchor_53_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_53_53" class="fnanchor">53</a>
-it was determined to construct a house of worship,
-which was completed early<a name="FNanchor_54_54" id="FNanchor_54_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_54_54" class="fnanchor">54</a> in 1694. This was the
-first meeting-house in Windham County, and here
-gathered, on Sabbath days, the settlers from miles
-around. The people of Pomfret attended church in
-this rude structure until 1715, when their own society
-was organized.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>The officers of the new town elected in 1690<a name="FNanchor_55_55" id="FNanchor_55_55"></a><a href="#Footnote_55_55" class="fnanchor">55</a> were
-John Chandler, Sr., William Bartholomew, Benjamin
-Sabin, John Leavens, and Joseph Bugbee, as selectmen,
-and John Chandler, Jr., as town clerk. All of
-those men to-day have descendants in Woodstock or its
-immediate vicinity. At that time, the men of Woodstock
-imposed a fine of one and six pence upon every
-one who failed to attend the town meeting, and six
-pence an hour for tardiness. Disputes regarding
-titles to land, and the boundary line dividing the north
-half of the town, and disputes with the mother-town
-regarding this northern half, which belonged to Roxbury
-according to the terms of the grant, were vexatious,
-and not in every respect creditable to Woodstock.
-But Roxbury’s interest in the northern half of Woodstock
-continued till 1797, when the lands had all been
-sold or become individual property. Large tracts,
-however, were held by Roxbury and Woodstock
-speculators for many years afterward.</p>
-
-<p>Troubles with the Indians, who returned to their old
-hunting and fishing haunts after the settlement of the
-town, broke out in 1696,<a name="FNanchor_56_56" id="FNanchor_56_56"></a><a href="#Footnote_56_56" class="fnanchor">56</a> and again in 1700 and 1704,
-and even as late as 1724. When a war broke out
-abroad, there was trouble with the Indians at home.
-When an Indian outbreak was threatened, the town
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span>
-received some military assistance from the colony government.
-Such threatened outbreaks retarded the
-progress of the settlement.</p>
-
-<p>After discussing the question for several years, the
-town determined, in 1719,<a name="FNanchor_57_57" id="FNanchor_57_57"></a><a href="#Footnote_57_57" class="fnanchor">57</a> to erect a new meeting-house
-near the burying-ground, instead of at the south
-end of the village, where the old building stood, yet
-so straitened were the people in their circumstances
-that they applied to the General Court in Boston,
-requesting that the unoccupied lands of the residents
-and non-residents of the town be taxed to the extent
-of £250, to be applied to the building of a church.
-As the non-residents’ lands were almost entirely in the
-north half of the grant, and belonged to Roxbury
-people, Roxbury stoutly opposed the tax in a memorial
-to the General Court. When the General Court
-refused the petition, Woodstock asked to be excused
-from sending her representative to Boston. The
-town’s representative at this time, in fact the first and
-only representative for many years, was Captain John
-Chandler, who, like his father Deacon John Chandler,
-was one of the first settlers. He surveyed lands in
-Woodstock and neighboring towns, and owned large
-tracts of territory in Connecticut and Massachusetts.
-To avoid the necessity of sending to Boston to
-have deeds recorded and wills proven, Captain Chandler
-tried to get the consent of the General Court in
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span>
-1720 for the formation of a new county, to be called
-Worcester County, of which Woodstock should be a
-part, but a delay ensued until 1731, when Captain,
-now Colonel, Chandler was successful. Woodstock
-became one of the most prominent towns of Worcester
-County, and John Chandler was made Chief-Justice of
-the Court of Common Pleas and General Sessions.<a name="FNanchor_58_58" id="FNanchor_58_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_58_58" class="fnanchor">58</a></p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>VII.</h2>
-
-
-<p>Ecclesiastical affairs have been so interwoven with
-town affairs, that it is impossible to give a sketch of
-Woodstock without giving a history of the churches.
-It may, however, be done briefly, as others have been
-appointed to speak specially for the different church
-organizations of the town. Though the first minister, the
-Rev. Josiah Dwight, was of the “Standing Order,” so-called,
-and believed in the Cambridge platform, yet he
-was suspected of theological looseness and, besides
-many idiosyncrasies, was accused of “speculating in
-the wild lands of Killingly.” The first settlers had no
-end of trouble with him, especially regarding money
-matters, and he was finally removed September 3, 1726.
-The next regular minister was Rev. Amos Throop, who
-was installed May 24, 1727. Like Mr. Dwight, he was
-a graduate of Harvard College, and came to Woodstock
-at the age of twenty-five. Naturally he found
-fault when the town attempted to pay him his salary
-in the depreciated currency of the time. But the eight
-years of his ministry endeared him to the settlement,
-and his sudden death in 1735<a name="FNanchor_59_59" id="FNanchor_59_59"></a><a href="#Footnote_59_59" class="fnanchor">59</a> was keenly felt by his
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span>
-parishioners. The town assumed the expense of his
-gravestone, upon which may be read these words:</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="line i04">“O cruel death, to snatch from us below,</div>
-<div class="line i1">One fit to live within the spheres on high;</div>
-<div class="line">But since the great Creator orders so,</div>
-<div class="line i1">Here at his feet he doth submissive lie.”</div>
-</div></div></div>
-
-<p>During the pastorate of Mr. Throop the western
-part of the town<a name="FNanchor_60_60" id="FNanchor_60_60"></a><a href="#Footnote_60_60" class="fnanchor">60</a> had received some settlers, mostly
-the sons of Woodstock’s first settlers. In 1727 Joshua
-Chandler took possession of some land that had been
-given him by his father, Col. John Chandler, and representatives
-of the families of Child, Corbin, Lyon, Aspinwall,
-Bugbee, Morris, Marcy, Morse, Payson, Perrin,
-Johnson, Frizzel, Griggs, and Paine soon followed. In
-1733<a name="FNanchor_61_61" id="FNanchor_61_61"></a><a href="#Footnote_61_61" class="fnanchor">61</a> the town arranged to have a school-house built
-in this part of the town, and, the settlers increasing,
-West Parish desired<a name="FNanchor_62_62" id="FNanchor_62_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_62_62" class="fnanchor">62</a> to have religious services of its
-own for four months of the year at the expense of the
-whole town. This request, it was argued, was only fair,
-inasmuch as the western half was obliged to contribute to
-the support of the Church on the Hill. But the town refused<a name="FNanchor_63_63" id="FNanchor_63_63"></a><a href="#Footnote_63_63" class="fnanchor">63</a>
-to assume any of the charges. After trying the
-experiment for two winters, the West Parish people
-found the expense of supporting both ministers to be
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span>
-too great a burden, and they therefore again asked<a name="FNanchor_64_64" id="FNanchor_64_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_64_64" class="fnanchor">64</a> the
-help of the town, and were refused. They still persisted,
-and petitioned<a name="FNanchor_65_65" id="FNanchor_65_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_65_65" class="fnanchor">65</a> that the western half might be
-formed into a distinct township. Town meetings were
-held, and at last permission was given<a name="FNanchor_66_66" id="FNanchor_66_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_66_66" class="fnanchor">66</a> them to address
-the General Court in Boston on the subject. But
-their petition to the General Court was dismissed. The
-West Woodstock people, however, insisted on the formation
-of a parish where they could worship God in
-their own fashion, and not be obliged to aid any church
-outside of their parish. They were willing to give up
-all idea of a town of their own. This modified request
-was now made to the town<a name="FNanchor_67_67" id="FNanchor_67_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_67_67" class="fnanchor">67</a> and to the General
-Court.<a name="FNanchor_68_68" id="FNanchor_68_68"></a><a href="#Footnote_68_68" class="fnanchor">68</a> The General Court complied by passing an
-act in 1743,<a name="FNanchor_69_69" id="FNanchor_69_69"></a><a href="#Footnote_69_69" class="fnanchor">69</a> incorporating the district as “The West
-Parish of Woodstock.” A meeting was at once held,<a name="FNanchor_70_70" id="FNanchor_70_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_70_70" class="fnanchor">70</a>
-at which it was determined to survey the line dividing
-the two portions of the town. West Parish was now
-called by the old name of New Roxbury. These acts
-were afterwards approved by the General Assembly of
-Connecticut when Woodstock withdrew from under
-the jurisdiction of Massachusetts.<a name="FNanchor_71_71" id="FNanchor_71_71"></a><a href="#Footnote_71_71" class="fnanchor">71</a> In 1747 Rev. Stephen
-Williams was ordained pastor.</p>
-
-<p>The church<a name="FNanchor_72_72" id="FNanchor_72_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_72_72" class="fnanchor">72</a> on the Hill was under the pastorate of
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span>
-Rev. Abel S. Stiles, who had been ordained in
-1737.<a name="FNanchor_73_73" id="FNanchor_73_73"></a><a href="#Footnote_73_73" class="fnanchor">73</a> But the fact that Mr. Stiles was a graduate of
-Yale College<a name="FNanchor_74_74" id="FNanchor_74_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_74_74" class="fnanchor">74</a> instead of Harvard, as his two predecessors
-had been, and his family connections<a name="FNanchor_75_75" id="FNanchor_75_75"></a><a href="#Footnote_75_75" class="fnanchor">75</a> were all
-with Connecticut, his parishioners were led to believe
-that he would favor the “Saybrook Platform” of faith,
-rather than the “Cambridge Platform,” and if there
-was one thing our ancestors abhorred quite as much
-as Episcopacy or popery it was the “Saybrook Platform.”
-To be tainted with that form of faith, as was
-the case with Mr. Stiles after his settlement in Woodstock,
-was heresy indeed, and Woodstock was determined,
-according to her grant of 1683, to have
-none other but an “able, orthodox, godly minister.”
-Instead of attending the Association of Ministers in
-Massachusetts, Mr. Stiles preferred the meetings of the
-Windham County Association in Connecticut, and
-when Woodstock became a part of Connecticut the
-troubles with Mr. Stiles increased. Councils were
-held. Pastor and parishioners tried to discipline each
-other. The General Assembly of Connecticut was
-appealed to. Threats—even violence was resorted to.
-But without going into the details of this long-protracted
-struggle, let it be said that there were two
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span>
-parties in the controversy, one side sympathizing with
-Mr. Stiles in his more liberal theological views, and the
-other side at first insisting on a minister who should
-conform in all respects to the “Standing Order,” and
-afterwards opposed to Mr. Stiles personally as well as
-theologically. The Stiles party had favored, while
-the anti-Stiles party had opposed, the annexation of
-Woodstock to Connecticut. The result of the quarrel
-was a break in the church in 1760. The North
-Society was constituted by act<a name="FNanchor_76_76" id="FNanchor_76_76"></a><a href="#Footnote_76_76" class="fnanchor">76</a> of the General Assembly,
-and Mr. Stiles and his followers went to Muddy
-Brook. Thus was formed the Third Congregational
-Church of Woodstock, and here Mr. Stiles continued
-to preach until his death in 1783.<a name="FNanchor_77_77" id="FNanchor_77_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_77_77" class="fnanchor">77</a> When it was
-determined in 1831, by the church in East Woodstock,
-to build a new meeting-house on the spot of the old
-one erected in 1767, the people in Village Corners objected
-to the location and formed a society of their own—the
-Fourth Congregational Church of Woodstock.</p>
-
-<p>After the departure of Mr. Stiles the First Church
-was without a pastor for three years. Much time was
-spent in “going after ministers.” The young Yale
-graduates who preached on trial did not please the
-church, whose sympathies were still with Massachusetts.
-Finally the Rev. Abiel Leonard, a graduate of Harvard
-College,<a name="FNanchor_78_78" id="FNanchor_78_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_78_78" class="fnanchor">78</a> was installed on June 23, 1763. Of the
-twelve churches asked to assist in the ordination only
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span>
-one<a name="FNanchor_79_79" id="FNanchor_79_79"></a><a href="#Footnote_79_79" class="fnanchor">79</a> was a Connecticut organization. In fact it was
-not until the year 1815 that the church, after an adherence
-to the Cambridge order of faith for a hundred
-and twenty-five years, finally accepted the “Saybrook
-Platform,” and joined the Connecticut association.
-The church was prosperous under Mr. Leonard.
-Largely owing to his influence the quarrel between
-the First and Third Churches was healed.<a name="FNanchor_80_80" id="FNanchor_80_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_80_80" class="fnanchor">80</a> In 1775,
-on the breaking out of the Revolutionary War, Mr.
-Leonard was made Chaplain of the Third Regiment
-of Connecticut troops. The church, at the request of
-the commander, Colonel, afterwards General, Israel
-Putnam, granted the necessary leave of absence.
-The following year Washington and Putnam joined in
-writing a letter<a name="FNanchor_81_81" id="FNanchor_81_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_81_81" class="fnanchor">81</a> to the church at Woodstock asking for
-a continued leave of absence for Mr. Leonard, praising
-him in the highest terms, and saying:</p>
-
-<blockquote>
-
-<p>“He is employed in the glorious work of attending
-to the morals of a brave people who are fighting for
-their liberties—the liberties of the people of Woodstock—the
-liberties of all America.”</p></blockquote>
-
-<p>Agreeable a gentleman as Mr. Leonard was, he was
-suddenly superseded while on a visit to Woodstock,
-and on receiving the mortifying news when <i>en route</i>
-to join the army he at once committed suicide.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>If ever there was an “able, orthodox, godly minister,”
-of the true Massachusetts type, such as old Woodstock
-always loved to have, he was the Rev. Eliphalet
-Lyman, who was ordained in 1779. Although a
-graduate of Yale College,<a name="FNanchor_82_82" id="FNanchor_82_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_82_82" class="fnanchor">82</a> he fulfilled the conditions of
-the Cambridge Platform, and continued pastor of the
-First Church for forty-five years, and was warmly interested
-in the religious and educational development
-of the town. He was the last of the historic ministers
-of Woodstock. He was respected and he was feared.
-The boys stopped playing ball when “Old Priest
-Lyman,” in cocked hat and knee breeches, remembered
-by some of you here to-day, walked up the common.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>VIII.</h2>
-
-
-<p>It should now be related how Woodstock, settled
-under Massachusetts, became a part of the State of
-Connecticut. Massachusetts claimed Woodstock, because
-the grant was supposed to lie within her chartered
-bounds as surveyed in 1642, and that claim was what
-Major Daniel Gookin referred to when he rebuked
-the agent of Uncas in 1674, during his visit with John
-Eliot, at Woodstock. But Massachusetts did not believe
-that the line of 1642 was wrong when she confirmed
-the grant to the Roxbury settlers. She even censured
-Woodstock for daring to ask Connecticut to confirm
-a portion of the grant that fell south of this line.
-Though Connecticut justly held she was entitled to
-Woodstock, according to the terms of her charter, she
-was, nevertheless, willing to forego her claim to this
-town, provided Massachusetts would allow her to have
-the jurisdiction over other territory claimed by both
-colonies. But the repeated attempts to settle the controversy
-failed, and it was not till 1713 that an agreement
-was finally concluded. For the privilege of
-having jurisdiction over Woodstock and the other<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span>
-towns claimed by both sides, Massachusetts agreed to
-compensate Connecticut, by giving her unimproved
-lands in Western Massachusetts and New Hampshire.
-These lands were therefore called “equivalent lands,”
-and were sold by Connecticut for $2,274, and the
-money given to Yale College. Woodstock was entirely
-satisfied with this agreement, as all her associations
-were with Massachusetts. But in 1747 the town
-thought that her taxes, which had been increased
-owing to the French and Spanish wars,<a name="FNanchor_83_83" id="FNanchor_83_83"></a><a href="#Footnote_83_83" class="fnanchor">83</a> would be
-lighter, and her privileges greater, if she followed
-Suffield, Enfield, and Somers “in trying to get off to
-Connecticut.” So Woodstock applied to Connecticut,
-claiming that the agreement of 1713 had been made
-without her consent. After much deliberation, Connecticut
-voted in 1749 to receive the town, and declared
-the agreement of 1713 not binding. Woodstock
-was delighted at being received into Connecticut, and
-at a memorable town meeting<a name="FNanchor_84_84" id="FNanchor_84_84"></a><a href="#Footnote_84_84" class="fnanchor">84</a> made Thomas Chandler
-and Henry Bowen the first members of the General
-Assembly. Though Woodstock has since 1749 been
-a part of this State, Massachusetts would never formally
-yield jurisdiction over the town, and even as
-late as 1768 warned the inhabitants not to pay taxes
-to Connecticut. In fact had it not been for the Revolution,
-Massachusetts might still be claiming
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span>
-Woodstock.<a name="FNanchor_85_85" id="FNanchor_85_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_85_85" class="fnanchor">85</a> It might be added that Woodstock, in being
-annexed to Connecticut, lost about three thousand
-acres north of the colony line. This strip of land was
-known as the “Middlesex Gore” for forty-five years,
-and was annexed to Dudley and Sturbridge in 1794.</p>
-
-<p>After becoming a part of Connecticut, Woodstock
-was anxious that the northern half of Windham County
-should be made into a separate county, of which
-Woodstock should be the shire-town, but as Pomfret
-also desired the county seat, and as the State seemed
-unwilling to act, the project fell through.<a name="FNanchor_86_86" id="FNanchor_86_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_86_86" class="fnanchor">86</a></p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>IX.</h2>
-
-
-<p>Woodstock’s military glory is something of which
-she may well be proud. Representatives of the Morris,
-Bowen, Hubbard, and Johnson families, who came
-to Woodstock in 1686, fought under Captain Isaac
-Johnson, of Roxbury, in King Philip’s War, and were
-in the famous Narragansett battle in 1675, when Captain
-Johnson was killed.<a name="FNanchor_87_87" id="FNanchor_87_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_87_87" class="fnanchor">87</a> For the first forty years after
-the settlement of the town the Indian troubles made
-every man acquainted with the use of fire-arms, and
-when in later years there appeared no danger at
-home, our ancestors were ready to fight abroad either
-savage or foreign foes. In 1724, Colonel John Chandler
-received orders from Boston to impress twenty
-Woodstock men for the frontier service,<a name="FNanchor_88_88" id="FNanchor_88_88"></a><a href="#Footnote_88_88" class="fnanchor">88</a> which meant
-that they should fight Indians in Central Massachusetts.
-When the news of the war between France and Great
-Britain was received in Boston in 1744,<a name="FNanchor_89_89" id="FNanchor_89_89"></a><a href="#Footnote_89_89" class="fnanchor">89</a> fifty<a name="FNanchor_90_90" id="FNanchor_90_90"></a><a href="#Footnote_90_90" class="fnanchor">90</a> men
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span>
-from Colonel Thomas Chandler’s<a name="FNanchor_91_91" id="FNanchor_91_91"></a><a href="#Footnote_91_91" class="fnanchor">91</a> regiment guarded the
-frontier, and history declares that this regiment, commanded
-by a Woodstock man, rendered efficient service
-in the capture of Louisburg in 1745.<a name="FNanchor_92_92" id="FNanchor_92_92"></a><a href="#Footnote_92_92" class="fnanchor">92</a> In 1748,
-before the treaty of Aix la Chapelle had been signed,<a name="FNanchor_93_93" id="FNanchor_93_93"></a><a href="#Footnote_93_93" class="fnanchor">93</a>
-the death was chronicled of several Woodstock men
-who had gone up into New Hampshire to fight<a name="FNanchor_94_94" id="FNanchor_94_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_94_94" class="fnanchor">94</a> the
-Indians with a company of colony troops. In the
-French and Indian War<a name="FNanchor_95_95" id="FNanchor_95_95"></a><a href="#Footnote_95_95" class="fnanchor">95</a> for the conquest of Canada,
-the families of Bacon, Bugbee, Child, Corbin, Chandler,
-Frizzel, Griggs, Holmes, Lyon, Marcy, McClellan, Manning,
-Peake, and Perrin had representatives who distinguished
-themselves in the service. Woodstock and
-Pomfret boys composed the company of Captain Israel
-Putnam in this war. The McClellan and Lyon of
-the Seven Years’ War were the McClellan and Lyon
-of the Revolution, and were of the same family as the
-McClellan and Lyon so celebrated and so much beloved
-in our own Civil War.</p>
-
-<p>The service rendered by Woodstock during the
-Revolution was most valuable. The town voted to
-purchase as few British goods as possible, and
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span>
-sent sixty-five fat sheep to Boston as a contribution to
-alleviate what the town records call “the distressed
-and suffering circumstances” of that city. Captain
-Elisha Child, Charles Church Chandler, Jedediah
-Morse, Captain Samuel McClellan, and Nathaniel
-Child, were appointed a committee<a name="FNanchor_96_96" id="FNanchor_96_96"></a><a href="#Footnote_96_96" class="fnanchor">96</a> “for maintaining
-a correspondence with the towns of this and the neighboring
-colonies.” The spirit of revolution, which had
-been growing, rose to fever-heat when the powder
-stored in Cambridge by the patriots was removed, in
-September of 1774, to Boston. The news flew as fast
-through the New England towns as horses’ hoofs could
-take it. A son of Esquire Wolcott brought the news
-to Curtis’ tavern in Dudley, and a son of Captain Clark
-carried it to his father’s house in Woodstock, where it
-was carried to Colonel Israel Putnam in Pomfret.<a name="FNanchor_97_97" id="FNanchor_97_97"></a><a href="#Footnote_97_97" class="fnanchor">97</a>
-The young men of Woodstock did not wait for the call
-to arms. They hurried to Cambridge, and, with the
-inhabitants of that and other towns, were with difficulty
-restrained from marching into Boston to demand,
-with their loaded muskets, the return of the powder.
-At the very beginning of the Revolution Woodstock
-was eager to do its duty. When the cry went through
-New England that blood had been shed at that “birthplace
-of American liberty,” the historic Lexington, one
-hundred and eighty-nine men from Woodstock
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span>
-answered that call.<a name="FNanchor_98_98" id="FNanchor_98_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_98_98" class="fnanchor">98</a> Ephraim Manning, Stephen
-Lyon, Asa Morris, and William Frizzel were officers in
-Colonel Israel Putnam’s regiment when that regiment
-was stationed at Cambridge, while Captain Samuel
-McClellan had charge of the troop of horse, of which
-John Flynn was trumpeter. Captain Nathaniel Marcy,
-Captains Elisha and Benjamin Child, Lieut. Josiah
-Child, Captain Daniel Lyon, Jabez and John Fox,
-Samuel Perry, and many other Woodstock men, rendered
-services in this war equally efficient. When
-Samuel Perry, in his old age, used to go up to the
-store on Woodstock Hill in the evening, the boys
-would ask him to tell them about the battle of Bunker
-Hill, and would always ask if he had killed any of the
-British in that battle. “I don’t know whether I killed
-any,” was his reply, “but I took good aim, fired, and
-saw them drop!” Another Woodstock name, always
-honored at home as another of the same family name is
-to-day no less honored abroad, was Dr. David Holmes
-He had served as surgeon in the French war, and—</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="line i10">——“lived to see</div>
-<div class="line">The bloodier strife that made our nation free,</div>
-<div class="line">To serve with willing toil, with skilful hand,</div>
-<div class="line">The war-worn saviors of the bleeding land.”<a name="FNanchor_99_99" id="FNanchor_99_99"></a><a href="#Footnote_99_99" class="fnanchor">99</a></div>
-</div></div></div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>When Washington assumed charge of the troops in
-Cambridge, the Rev. Abiel Leonard, the beloved pastor
-of the First Church at Woodstock, preached most
-acceptably. Washington heard him and became his
-warm friend. Woodstock’s importance during the
-Revolution was considerable. One line of stages between
-Woodstock and New London and another line
-between Woodstock and New Haven and Hartford
-were established, which carried the war news weekly
-to be distributed through the colony and thence taken
-to New York. During the entire war Woodstock did
-more than her share. While there were many from
-this town who served the patriot cause with glory to
-themselves and honor to Woodstock, the name of
-Capt., afterwards Gen., Samuel McClellan stands out
-the most illustrious. When the currency of the Continentals
-had depreciated and no funds were forthcoming
-with which to pay the soldiers, Gen., or more exactly
-Col., McClellan advanced £1,000 from his own private
-purse to pay the men of his regiment. But a memorial
-of the Revolution in which Woodstock may well
-take the greatest pride is found in the historic elm-trees
-in South Woodstock, planted by the wife of General
-McClellan on receiving the news of the battle of
-Lexington. All honor to the men of Woodstock who
-fought for and gained their liberties in the Revolution,
-and all honor to their wives, who were equally patriotic
-at home!</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span></p>
-
-<p>In the War of 1812 Woodstock was also ready to do
-its duty. When Major William Flynn, of Woodstock
-Hill, received the news, one evening just after dark,
-that several British men-of-war were hovering about
-New London, and that it was in danger of attack, he
-rode horseback about the country during the night, to
-see officers and men and warn them to assemble on the
-Common at noon the next day; but when he returned
-to his home at sunrise he found the Common covered
-with soldiers ready to go to New London immediately.
-The patriotic spirit always characteristic of Woodstock
-was conspicuous in the War of 1812.</p>
-
-<p>Woodstock was no less patriotic during the Rebellion.
-When President Lincoln called for volunteers
-to maintain the unity of the country, this town did her
-full share in that struggle. Many of you remember attending
-the funeral of General Nathaniel Lyon, who was
-killed at the beginning of the war and was buried with
-military honors in our neighboring town of Eastford.
-Though not a native of Woodstock, Gen. Lyon was
-descended from an honored family which has been
-conspicuous in the history of this town from the day of
-its settlement. But a name even more illustrious is
-that of Gen. George B. McClellan, whose grandfather
-was a native of Woodstock, and whose great-grandfather
-was Gen. Samuel McClellan, and who himself,
-as a boy, visited the town. You saw him beneath
-these very trees two years ago. You heard him speak<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span>
-at that time words of love for Woodstock and words
-of welcome to distinguished strangers. His voice is
-no longer heard, but the name of General McClellan
-will be remembered as long as the name of Woodstock
-itself shall last. Blessed then be the memory of Gen.
-George B. McClellan! Woodstock will ever cherish
-his services and the services of all its sons who fought
-for their country in the terrible struggle between the
-North and the South! The graves in the different
-burying-grounds of the town, that you annually decorate
-with flowers, tell more eloquently than words what
-Woodstock did during the Civil War.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>X.</h2>
-
-
-<p>Woodstock has never been negligent in the cause
-of education. As soon as the settlement became an
-organized town, John Chandler, Jr., was appointed to
-instruct the children to write and cipher. As the town
-grew in population, it was divided into school districts.
-In 1739 was established the United English Library for
-the Propagation of Christianity and Useful Knowledge.
-Col. John Chandler was the moderator at the first
-meeting, and the Rev. Abel Stiles, John May, Benjamin
-Child, and Pennel Bowen, of Woodstock, and
-leading citizens of Pomfret and Killingly, assisted in
-the organization.<a name="FNanchor_100_100" id="FNanchor_100_100"></a><a href="#Footnote_100_100" class="fnanchor">100</a> It was Gen. Samuel McClellan and
-his sons John and James McClellan, the Rev. Eliphalet
-Lyman, William Bowen, Parker Comings, Nehemiah
-Child, Ebenezer Smith, William Potter, Hezekiah Bugbee,
-Benjamin Lyon, Ebenezer Skinner, and Amos
-Paine who established Woodstock Academy, at the beginning
-of the present century, and the influence of
-that honored institution has been deep and far-reaching.
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span>
-But who can measure the good done by Woodstock
-Academy, or by the different churches and other
-organizations of the town? Such institutions are our
-heritage, and our duty and privilege it is to improve
-their character and transmit them to future generations,
-with the memories and traditions of the town itself.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>XI.</h2>
-
-
-<p>Citizens of Woodstock, listen while I call the roll
-of some of the distinguished men who have lived or
-were born in the town. Of the first settlers was Col.
-John Chandler, probably the most distinguished citizen
-that Woodstock had during its first century, the man
-who made Woodstock known and respected throughout
-New England. His descendants include the Rev.
-Thomas Bradbury Chandler, D.D., Winthrop Chandler,
-the artist, the Hon. John Church Chandler, Judge
-John Winthrop Chandler, and others, who have been
-prominent in Woodstock and throughout the country.
-No one of the first settlers was more distinguished
-than Edward Morris, who died three years after the
-town was settled. His family was prominent in the
-history of old Roxbury, and all through the last century
-in Woodstock. Commodore Charles Morris, a native<a name="FNanchor_101_101" id="FNanchor_101_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_101_101" class="fnanchor">101</a>
-of Woodstock and well known in the War of 1812,
-and his son, Commodore George N. Morris, Commander
-in the Civil War of the United States sloop-of-war
-<i>Cumberland</i> in Hampton Roads, belong to the
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span>
-same family, as well as the Hon. J. F. Morris, of
-Hartford, whom I am sure we are glad to welcome
-as our presiding officer to-day. John Marcy,
-a first settler, was the ancestor of Hon. William
-Leonard Marcy, Governor of the State of New York,
-Secretary of War under President Polk and Secretary
-of State under President Pierce. Abiel Holmes,<a name="FNanchor_102_102" id="FNanchor_102_102"></a><a href="#Footnote_102_102" class="fnanchor">102</a>
-D.D., LL.D., author of “Annals of America,” and his
-father, Dr. David Holmes, a surgeon in the French and
-Revolutionary wars, were born in Woodstock, and
-were descended from John Holmes, a first settler.
-Abiel Holmes’ son, Oliver Wendell Holmes, though
-not born in Woodstock, will be remembered, I am
-sure, for the beautiful tribute he paid his ancestors in
-the poem he read in this very park in 1877. The
-name of Morse has always been identified with Woodstock.
-Deacon Jedediah Morse held about all the
-offices in town that he could lawfully hold, and was
-deacon of the First Church for forty-three years.
-His son, the Rev. Jedediah Morse, D.D., a graduate of
-Yale College and the father of American geography,
-was also born in Woodstock. His grandson was Prof.
-Samuel F. B. Morse, who was more widely known as
-the inventor of the electric telegraph. Another Woodstock
-boy was General William Eaton<a name="FNanchor_103_103" id="FNanchor_103_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_103_103" class="fnanchor">103</a> who ran away,
-from home at the age of sixteen to enter the Revolutionary
-War, and was distinguished during the first
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span>
-years of the century as the protector of American commerce
-in the Mediterranean. Amasa Walker, too,
-was born in Woodstock, the father of political economy
-in this country, or better still, the father of Gen. Francis
-A. Walker, the respected President of the School
-of Technology in Boston. Another honored name in
-Woodstock is that of Williams, including Samuel
-Williams, Sr., the Commissioner of Roxbury in the
-settlement of New Roxbury, the Rev. Stephen Williams,
-the first pastor of the church at West Parish,
-and Jared W. Williams, the Governor of Vermont
-and a native of this town. Governors, members of
-Congress, men distinguished in law, theology, and
-medicine, in trade and on the farm, have been born in
-Woodstock. The roll of honor could be multiplied;
-but in speaking of the distinguished men it would be
-impossible to forget the lessons taught, the struggles
-endured, and the sacrifices made by the mothers of
-Woodstock, who all through these two centuries have
-inspired their sons with feelings that have made them
-industrious, honored, and religious. Praise be, therefore,
-to the women of Woodstock! This town has the
-right to be proud of such noble sons and daughters,
-and we have the right to be proud that such a town as
-old Woodstock has nourished us and blessed us with
-such memories and influences.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>XII.</h2>
-
-
-<p>What has the town done to make us proud of
-it? It has exerted an influence for good upon the
-country wherever its inhabitants have settled. Such
-settlements have been many. During the early
-history of the plantation, Woodstock men assisted
-largely in the settlement of Ashford, Pomfret, Killingly,
-and other neighboring towns. As the surplus
-population increased, migrations were made to the
-wild regions of Vermont and New Hampshire. Later
-came the settlements made by Connecticut, in the
-provinces of New York and Pennsylvania, in which
-Woodstock families were almost without exception
-represented. At the close of the Revolution the wave
-of emigration extended still farther West, and some
-of the oldest families in Ohio trace their ancestry back
-to this very town. To-day Woodstock has its representatives
-in almost every State in the Union, and the
-material growth and prosperity of the country has been
-in full measure owing to the settlements made by men
-from towns in New England like Woodstock. The
-ideas inherited from Puritan ancestors and modified
-according to existing circumstances have made towns,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span>
-cities, even States, in which the whole country to-day
-takes the warmest pride. The man who inherits New
-England traditions from towns like Woodstock is worth
-more to the country than an army of Anarchists and
-Socialists.</p>
-
-<p>Woodstock is distinguished, too, for its “notable
-meetings,” inherited from the Woodstock in England,
-of which Judge Sewell speaks. The first “notable
-meeting” was when John Eliot preached to the Indians
-on Plaine Hill. The second “notable meeting” was
-when the first settlers drew their home lots in Wabbaquasset
-Hall. The third “notable meeting” was at
-the funeral of Col. John Chandler in 1743, attended by
-the leading men in the colonies of Massachusetts and
-Connecticut. The church meetings of the last century,
-the town meeting when Woodstock transferred its
-allegiance to Connecticut, meetings during the Revolution,
-the old “training days” on Woodstock Common,
-have been followed by no end of “notable meetings”
-during the present century. But the one “notable
-meeting” that those of us present here to-day have in
-mind, was when Ulysses S. Grant, General of the Army,
-Savior of the Country and President of the United
-States, visited the town in 1870.</p>
-
-<p>But the chief glory of the town of Woodstock has
-been its love of local law. The source of the power
-of the continental nations of Europe may be traced
-back through the centuries to the village communities<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span>
-and Teutonic townships. In the mark, tithing, and
-parish of England the same principle of local self-government
-may be seen; and so our own nation’s greatness,
-through Anglo-Saxon inheritance, has its source,
-not in the State, city, or county, but in the little school
-districts, villages, and towns of New England. Woodstock
-has been like a miniature republic, and has always
-believed in the supremacy of local law. Its refusal to
-send its representative to the General Court at Boston
-unless it could tax its own property as it pleased, and
-the refusal, for political reasons, of its delegates at the
-State Convention in 1788 to vote for the ratification of
-the Constitution of the United States, are instances of
-the extreme independence of Woodstock. What it
-conscientiously believed, the town has never been slow
-to proclaim. Tenacious as Woodstock has always
-been of its privileges and its rights, its loyalty to the
-country, from the day the thirteen colonies became a
-nation, has never been questioned.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span></p>
-
-<h2>XIII.</h2>
-
-
-<p>I have given scarce more than a sketch in outline of
-what the history of Woodstock has been during the
-two hundred years since that historic band of brave
-boys and sturdy men, of deft-handed girls and sober
-matrons, swarmed like bees from the Roxbury hive<a name="FNanchor_104_104" id="FNanchor_104_104"></a><a href="#Footnote_104_104" class="fnanchor">104</a>
-and settled on the Wabbaquasset hills. What Woodstock’s
-history shall be remains for you, men and
-women of Woodstock, to develop. The fathers have
-kept bright the honest traditions and stout independence,
-the industrious thrift and religious faith which
-their Puritan fathers brought to the new settlement.
-The sons of this generation can be trusted to preserve
-and transmit them to their descendants. You, men of
-Woodstock, have your duties in the family, on the
-farm, toward your schools, and to your churches. All
-that the fathers have done puts an added obligation
-upon you. The improvement and development of the
-town depend on the individual exertions of its citizens.
-If you are young, infuse some of your own enthusiasm
-and intelligence into its different organizations. If you
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span>
-are old, remember these institutions in a substantial
-way. Woodstock will be what you make it. Michel
-Angelo saw in the block the exquisite unsculptured
-statue. Many blows of the chisel were necessary to
-disclose the perfect ideal to the eyes of a wondering
-world. In thought, in plan, in ideal, this town has been
-almost a perfect organization; but only those whose
-high vision is willing to pierce through all encrusting
-imperfections shall be the artists whose toil and sacrifices
-shall make this dear, noble, historic town of
-Woodstock an honor to the State and a blessing to its
-citizens. It is said that old John Eliot, from the high
-pulpit in Roxbury, used to pray every Sabbath for the
-new settlers at Woodstock. The words of those
-prayers are not preserved, but may the spirit of them
-come down through the centuries to inspire the hearts
-of all who inherit the blood of the early settlers of
-this ancient town. God, our fathers’ God, bless old
-Woodstock!</p>
-
-
-
-<h2>FOOTNOTES:</h2>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Also spelt Roxberry, Roxborough, Rocksborough.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> July 30, 1630.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Young’s “Chronicles of Massachusetts,” p. 396.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> Winthrop’s “Journal,” by Savage, vol. i., p. 111.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> “Ordained over the First Church, Nov. 5, 1632.”—Eliot’s tomb in Roxbury.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> “Memorial History of Boston,” vol. i., p. 403.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> Though the Williamses did not settle permanently in Woodstock till some
-years after the first settlement, the family was most prominent in Roxbury, and
-one of its representatives visited the grant officially in 1686.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> Drake’s “Town of Roxbury” and “Memorial History of Boston,” vol. i.,
-pp. 401-422.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> De Forest’s “Indians of Connecticut,” and Palfrey’s “History of New
-England,” and Miss Ellen D. Larned’s “History of Windham County.”</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> Also “called the Wabbaquassett and Whetstone country; and sometimes the
-Mohegan conquered country, as Uncas had conquered and added it to his
-sachemdom.” Trumbull’s “History of Connecticut,” vol. i., 31.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> September.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> Winthrop’s “Journal,” by Savage, vol. i, 132. Palfrey’s “Hist. of New
-England,” vol. i., 369. The same year (Nov. 1633), “Samuel Hall and two
-other persons travelled westward into the country as far as this [Connecticut]
-river.” Holmes’ “Annals,” vol. i., 220.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> Winthrop’s “Journal,” vol. i., 171.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> Possibly some of the Dorchester emigrants, including Henry Wolcott, William
-Phelps, and others, may have passed a little south of this line. Dr. McClure’s
-MSS., in the possession of the Connecticut Historical Society: “In a
-conversation with the late aged and respectable Capt. Sabin of Pomfret, Ct.,
-he related to me the following discovery, viz.: About forty years ago he felled
-a large and ancient yoke about the north line of Pomfret adjoining Woodstock.
-On cutting within some inches of the heart of the tree it was seen to have been
-cut and chipped with some short tool like an axe. Rightly judging that at the
-time when it must have been done the Indians so far inland were destitute and
-ignorant of the use of iron tools, he counted the number of the annual circular
-rings from the said marks to the bark of the tree, and found that there were as
-many rings as the years which had intervened from the migration of the Dorchester
-party to that time. Hence ‘the probability that they had journeyed
-along the north border of Pomfret, and as they traveled by a compass, the conjecture
-is corroborated by that course being nearly in a direct line from Boston
-to the place of their settlement on the Connecticut River.’”—Stiles’ “History of
-Ancient Windsor,” p. 26.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> “Memorial Hist. of Boston,” vol. i., 263.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> “Historical Collections of the Indians in New England. By Daniel Gookin,
-Gentleman, Printed from the original manuscript, 1792.” See “Collections
-Mass. Hist. Soc.,” vol. i., First Series, pp. 190-192.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> Wabbaquasset, or Woodstock.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> Dudley.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> 1674.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> Black James was a distinguished Indian. He met Eliot again in Cambridge
-in June of 1681, where a meeting of the claimants of the Nipmuck country was
-held. The village and much of the land of the town of Dudley was known years
-after the settlement of Woodstock as “The Land of Black James and Company.”—Ammidown’s
-“Historical Collections,” vol. i., 406, 461.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> Named after “Wabbaquasset Hall,” built in the spring or summer of 1686.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> Palfrey’s “History of New England,” vol. iii., 159.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> Mrs. L. H. Sigourney’s “Pocahontas.”</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_24_24" id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> Feb. 10, 1682.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_25_25" id="Footnote_25_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> Ellis’ “History of Roxbury Town”: “When the people of Roxbury came
-to take up lands, they selected their locations amongst the praying Indians or
-where Indians had been converted to Christianity.... This certainly is
-a sure indication of the steady adherence of his [John Eliot’s] fellow-townsmen
-and their belief in the actual benefits of his missionary labors.”</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_26_26" id="Footnote_26_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> Oct. 6, 10, and 17.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_27_27" id="Footnote_27_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27_27"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> Joseph Griggs, John Ruggles, and Edward Morris.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> Dec. 5, 1683.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_29_29" id="Footnote_29_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_29"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> “Records of the Governor and Company of Massachusetts Bay in New
-England,” vol. v., 426.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_30_30" id="Footnote_30_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30_30"><span class="label">[30]</span></a> Oct. 27, 1684.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_31_31" id="Footnote_31_31"></a><a href="#FNanchor_31_31"><span class="label">[31]</span></a> Jan. 28th.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_32_32" id="Footnote_32_32"></a><a href="#FNanchor_32_32"><span class="label">[32]</span></a> “Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New
-England,” vol. v., 468.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_33_33" id="Footnote_33_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33_33"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> Committee appointed May 14, 1686, and reported to Roxbury June 12th.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_34_34" id="Footnote_34_34"></a><a href="#FNanchor_34_34"><span class="label">[34]</span></a> Though the name of John Ruggles was on the list of “goers” and a house
-lot was drawn for him, he did not settle in Woodstock. The family of Ruggles
-is prominent among the first settlers in Pomfret.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_35_35" id="Footnote_35_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_35_35"><span class="label">[35]</span></a> This Jonathan Peake was the father of Jonathan Peake, Jr., born in 1663,
-who came to Woodstock in April of 1687.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_36_36" id="Footnote_36_36"></a><a href="#FNanchor_36_36"><span class="label">[36]</span></a> Lot 43 was given to Clement Corbin soon after the drawing of home lots.
-The inscription of his rude gravestone reads: “Here lies buried the body of
-Clement Corbin, aged 70, deceast August ye 1st, 1696.”</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_37_37" id="Footnote_37_37"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37_37"><span class="label">[37]</span></a> The inscription on this small gravestone in the burying-ground on Woodstock
-Hill is read with difficulty and is as follows: “Here lies buried ye
-body of Lieu. Edward Morris, deceas’d September 14, 1689.”
-</p>
-<p>
-Many of the first settlers now have no stones to mark their graves, and
-perhaps never had.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_38_38" id="Footnote_38_38"></a><a href="#FNanchor_38_38"><span class="label">[38]</span></a> At that time twenty-four years old.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_39_39" id="Footnote_39_39"></a><a href="#FNanchor_39_39"><span class="label">[39]</span></a> MSS. of Deacon Jedediah Morse, in the possession of Henry T. Child, of
-Woodstock.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_40_40" id="Footnote_40_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40_40"><span class="label">[40]</span></a> Windsor was first called Dorchester and Hartford was first called Newtown.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_41_41" id="Footnote_41_41"></a><a href="#FNanchor_41_41"><span class="label">[41]</span></a> Born in England, son of Henry Sewell of Rowley, Mass., and grandson of
-Henry Sewell, mayor of Coventry, England. In 1684, he became an Assistant.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_42_42" id="Footnote_42_42"></a><a href="#FNanchor_42_42"><span class="label">[42]</span></a> Memorial “History of Boston,” vol. i., 210, 540.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_43_43" id="Footnote_43_43"></a><a href="#FNanchor_43_43"><span class="label">[43]</span></a> Hildreth’s “History of the United States,” vol. ii., 130. Trumbull’s
-“History of Connecticut,” vol. i., 401, 402. Palfrey’s “Hist. of New England,”
-vol. iv., 46. Holmes’ “Annals of America,” vol. i., 430, 431. Bancroft’s
-“Hist. of the U. S.,” vol. iii., 183.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_44_44" id="Footnote_44_44"></a><a href="#FNanchor_44_44"><span class="label">[44]</span></a> “Collections of the Mass. Hist. Soc.,” vol. v., Fifth Series, p. 315, foot-note.
-Palfrey’s “Hist, of N. E.,” vol. iv., 48, foot-note, and appendix. The
-other six members of the Committee were Simon Bradstreet (Governor), Sir
-William Phips (Governor, 1692-95), Maj. Gen. Wait Winthrop, Maj. Elisha
-Hutchinson, Col. Samuel Shrimpton, and Maj. John Richards.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_45_45" id="Footnote_45_45"></a><a href="#FNanchor_45_45"><span class="label">[45]</span></a> Thomas Gilbert, D.D., of Oxford University, author of “Carmen Congratulatorum.”
-Judge Sewell visited him in England, and was shown by Dr.
-Gilbert the Bodleian Library, “a very magnificent Thing.” See Sewell papers:
-Fifth Series, Mass. Hist. Soc. Collection, vols, v., vi., vii. We may be allowed
-to suppose that Dr. Gilbert took Judge Sewell to Woodstock, only eight miles
-from Oxford University, where the latter perhaps was impressed for the first
-time with the name and historical associations of Woodstock.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_46_46" id="Footnote_46_46"></a><a href="#FNanchor_46_46"><span class="label">[46]</span></a> Capt. Ruggles of Roxbury, who died Aug. 15, 1692, of whom Sewell says,
-in his Diary, Aug. 16th: “Capt. Ruggles also buried this day, died last night,
-but could not be kept.”</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_47_47" id="Footnote_47_47"></a><a href="#FNanchor_47_47"><span class="label">[47]</span></a> Proceedings of Mass. Hist. Soc. for Feb., 1873, p. 399.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_48_48" id="Footnote_48_48"></a><a href="#FNanchor_48_48"><span class="label">[48]</span></a> Rev. Mr. Dwight, of Woodstock, dined with him Aug. 24, 1718, and made
-a prayer at his court Nov. 7, 1718. Also see Diary, Jan. 2, 1724: “Paid Mr.
-Josiah Dwight of Woodstock in full, of his demands for boarding Madam
-Usher there about six or seven weeks in the year 1718, £2-11.” John Acquittimaug,
-of Woodstock, an Indian, who lived to be one hundred and fourteen years
-old, was entertained by Judge Sewell in 1723. <i>Boston News-Letter</i>, Aug. 29,
-1723. The wills of Woodstock people were proved before “the Honorable
-Samuel Sewell, Judge of Probate.” MSS. of Martin Paine of South Woodstock.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_49_49" id="Footnote_49_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49_49"><span class="label">[49]</span></a> Paraclete Skinner, of Woodstock, who remembers the second meeting-house
-that was taken down in 1821, says that that structure never had a bell.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_50_50" id="Footnote_50_50"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50_50"><span class="label">[50]</span></a> While in custody at Woodstock, Queen Elizabeth, according to the chronicler,
-Raphael Holinshed, wrote with a diamond on a pane of glass in her room
-these words:</p>
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="line i04">“Much suspected—of me</div>
-<div class="line">Nothing proved can be,</div>
-<div class="line">Quoth Elizabeth, prisoner.”</div>
-</div></div></div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_51_51" id="Footnote_51_51"></a><a href="#FNanchor_51_51"><span class="label">[51]</span></a> Sir Walter Scott’s novel of “Woodstock.”</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_52_52" id="Footnote_52_52"></a><a href="#FNanchor_52_52"><span class="label">[52]</span></a> The last time that the name of New Roxbury, as applied to the name of
-the whole town, appears in the Proprietors’ Records of Woodstock is March
-18, 1689. The first time the name of Woodstock appears is May 26, 1690:
-Woodstock Records.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_53_53" id="Footnote_53_53"></a><a href="#FNanchor_53_53"><span class="label">[53]</span></a> 1691.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_54_54" id="Footnote_54_54"></a><a href="#FNanchor_54_54"><span class="label">[54]</span></a> March.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_55_55" id="Footnote_55_55"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55_55"><span class="label">[55]</span></a> Town meeting November 27th and 28th.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_56_56" id="Footnote_56_56"></a><a href="#FNanchor_56_56"><span class="label">[56]</span></a> Woodstock, at this time, was under the restrictions of frontier towns. It
-was called a “frontier town” in 1695.—Mass. Hist. Society Proceedings, 1871-1873,
-p. 395.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_57_57" id="Footnote_57_57"></a><a href="#FNanchor_57_57"><span class="label">[57]</span></a> December 28th.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58_58" id="Footnote_58_58"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58_58"><span class="label">[58]</span></a> Lincoln’s “History of Worcester County.”</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_59_59" id="Footnote_59_59"></a><a href="#FNanchor_59_59"><span class="label">[59]</span></a> Sept. 7th.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_60_60" id="Footnote_60_60"></a><a href="#FNanchor_60_60"><span class="label">[60]</span></a> Manuscript Records of Second Precinct of Woodstock, or Parish of New
-Roxbury, in the possession of G. Clinton Williams, of West Woodstock.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_61_61" id="Footnote_61_61"></a><a href="#FNanchor_61_61"><span class="label">[61]</span></a> May 16th.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_62_62" id="Footnote_62_62"></a><a href="#FNanchor_62_62"><span class="label">[62]</span></a> Petition to town Nov. 2, 1736.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_63_63" id="Footnote_63_63"></a><a href="#FNanchor_63_63"><span class="label">[63]</span></a> July, 1737.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_64_64" id="Footnote_64_64"></a><a href="#FNanchor_64_64"><span class="label">[64]</span></a> 1739.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_65_65" id="Footnote_65_65"></a><a href="#FNanchor_65_65"><span class="label">[65]</span></a> Oct. 2, 1741.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_66_66" id="Footnote_66_66"></a><a href="#FNanchor_66_66"><span class="label">[66]</span></a> April, 1742.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_67_67" id="Footnote_67_67"></a><a href="#FNanchor_67_67"><span class="label">[67]</span></a> Letter of Aug., 1742, to selectmen.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_68_68" id="Footnote_68_68"></a><a href="#FNanchor_68_68"><span class="label">[68]</span></a> Nov. 18, 1742.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_69_69" id="Footnote_69_69"></a><a href="#FNanchor_69_69"><span class="label">[69]</span></a> Sept. 14th.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_70_70" id="Footnote_70_70"></a><a href="#FNanchor_70_70"><span class="label">[70]</span></a> In the school-house Sept. 27th.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_71_71" id="Footnote_71_71"></a><a href="#FNanchor_71_71"><span class="label">[71]</span></a> Line dividing East and West Parishes approved by General Assembly of
-Connecticut in 1753, and name of New Roxbury approved in 1754.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_72_72" id="Footnote_72_72"></a><a href="#FNanchor_72_72"><span class="label">[72]</span></a> The old First Church. See Records of First and Third Congregational
-Churches, and Miss Larned’s “History of Windham County.”</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_73_73" id="Footnote_73_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73_73"><span class="label">[73]</span></a> July 27th.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_74_74" id="Footnote_74_74"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74_74"><span class="label">[74]</span></a> Class of 1733.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_75_75" id="Footnote_75_75"></a><a href="#FNanchor_75_75"><span class="label">[75]</span></a> He was the son of John Stiles, who belonged to one of the oldest families
-of Windsor, and was the brother of Rev. Isaac Stiles, a graduate of Yale College
-in the class of 1722, and was uncle of Ezra Stiles, President of Yale
-College. President Stiles often visited Woodstock after his uncle had settled
-at Muddy Brook, now called East Woodstock.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_76_76" id="Footnote_76_76"></a><a href="#FNanchor_76_76"><span class="label">[76]</span></a> Oct., 1761.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_77_77" id="Footnote_77_77"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77_77"><span class="label">[77]</span></a> July 25th, at the age of 74.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_78_78" id="Footnote_78_78"></a><a href="#FNanchor_78_78"><span class="label">[78]</span></a> Class of 1759.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_79_79" id="Footnote_79_79"></a><a href="#FNanchor_79_79"><span class="label">[79]</span></a> Killingly.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_80_80" id="Footnote_80_80"></a><a href="#FNanchor_80_80"><span class="label">[80]</span></a> Vote of First Church passed Dec. 8, 1766.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_81_81" id="Footnote_81_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_81_81"><span class="label">[81]</span></a> Letter dated Cambridge, March 24, 1776.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_82_82" id="Footnote_82_82"></a><a href="#FNanchor_82_82"><span class="label">[82]</span></a> Class of 1776.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_83_83" id="Footnote_83_83"></a><a href="#FNanchor_83_83"><span class="label">[83]</span></a> Hutchinson’s “History of Massachusetts,” vol. iii., 6-8; vol. ii., 363-396.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_84_84" id="Footnote_84_84"></a><a href="#FNanchor_84_84"><span class="label">[84]</span></a> July 28, 1749.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_85_85" id="Footnote_85_85"></a><a href="#FNanchor_85_85"><span class="label">[85]</span></a> Woodstock speaks of Massachusetts’ repeated claims in a memorial to
-Conn. Gen. Assembly, May 2, 1771.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_86_86" id="Footnote_86_86"></a><a href="#FNanchor_86_86"><span class="label">[86]</span></a> Gen. Putnam was much interested in this project. A meeting to promote
-the idea was held at his house in Pomfret, Feb. 11, 1771. The State again
-refused the application for a new county, when Pomfret applied in 1786 for a
-new county, “with Pomfret for shire-town.”</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_87_87" id="Footnote_87_87"></a><a href="#FNanchor_87_87"><span class="label">[87]</span></a> Captain Johnson was the father of Nathaniel Johnson, and father-in-law of
-Lieutenant Henry Bowen, both first settlers of Woodstock.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_88_88" id="Footnote_88_88"></a><a href="#FNanchor_88_88"><span class="label">[88]</span></a> “The Chandler Family,” by Dr. George Chandler.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_89_89" id="Footnote_89_89"></a><a href="#FNanchor_89_89"><span class="label">[89]</span></a> England declared war against France March 31st.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_90_90" id="Footnote_90_90"></a><a href="#FNanchor_90_90"><span class="label">[90]</span></a> Seven hundred men from Massachusetts, of which Woodstock was then a
-part, were impressed for this service.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_91_91" id="Footnote_91_91"></a><a href="#FNanchor_91_91"><span class="label">[91]</span></a> Lieut.-Col. Thomas Chandler was the son of Col. John Chandler, and was
-Woodstock’s first representative to the General Assembly of Connecticut.
-Ante p. 44.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_92_92" id="Footnote_92_92"></a><a href="#FNanchor_92_92"><span class="label">[92]</span></a> The forces were furnished by New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut,
-and amounted to 4,070.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_93_93" id="Footnote_93_93"></a><a href="#FNanchor_93_93"><span class="label">[93]</span></a> October 7th.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_94_94" id="Footnote_94_94"></a><a href="#FNanchor_94_94"><span class="label">[94]</span></a> Fight at “Charlestown, No. 4,” New Hampshire, May 2, 1748, in which
-Peter Perrin and Aaron Lyon, of Woodstock, were killed.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_95_95" id="Footnote_95_95"></a><a href="#FNanchor_95_95"><span class="label">[95]</span></a> Or the Seven Years’ War (1753-1760).</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_96_96" id="Footnote_96_96"></a><a href="#FNanchor_96_96"><span class="label">[96]</span></a> At town meeting, June 21, 1774.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_97_97" id="Footnote_97_97"></a><a href="#FNanchor_97_97"><span class="label">[97]</span></a> Miss Ellen D. Larned’s “History of Windham County.”</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_98_98" id="Footnote_98_98"></a><a href="#FNanchor_98_98"><span class="label">[98]</span></a> There is no evidence to prove the reiterated statement that one hundred
-and eighty-nine Woodstock men fought at the battle of Bunker Hill. This
-number was stationed at Cambridge, and some of them may have been at
-Bunker Hill.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_99_99" id="Footnote_99_99"></a><a href="#FNanchor_99_99"><span class="label">[99]</span></a> Oliver Wendell Holmes at Roseland Park, July 4, 1877.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_100_100" id="Footnote_100_100"></a><a href="#FNanchor_100_100"><span class="label">[100]</span></a> Rev. Abel Styles subscribed the largest sum, £30. He was fond of <i>belles-lettres</i>,
-and in a communication to his church, speaks of “his beloved studies.”
-Under his inspiration and instruction, Woodstock and Pomfret young men
-entered Yale College.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_101_101" id="Footnote_101_101"></a><a href="#FNanchor_101_101"><span class="label">[101]</span></a> 1784-1856.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_102_102" id="Footnote_102_102"></a><a href="#FNanchor_102_102"><span class="label">[102]</span></a> 1763-1837.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_103_103" id="Footnote_103_103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_103_103"><span class="label">[103]</span></a> 1764-1804.</p></div>
-
-<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_104_104" id="Footnote_104_104"></a><a href="#FNanchor_104_104"><span class="label">[104]</span></a> Cotton Mather: “Massachusetts soon became like a hive overstocked with
-bees, and many thought of swarming into new plantations.”</p></div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span></p>
-<h2>INDEX.</h2>
-
-
-<ul class="IX"><li>
-Academy, Establishment of, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li><li>
-Annexation to Connecticut in 1749, <a href="#Page_44">44</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-
-Bacon, Thomas, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li><li>
-Black, James, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li><li>
-Bowen, Lieut. Henry, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-
-Chandler, Captain John, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li><li>
-—— Charles Church, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li><li>
-—— Col. John, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li><li>
-—— Col. Thomas, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li><li>
-—— Hon. John Church, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li><li>
-—— Judge John Winthrop, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li><li>
-—— Rev. Thos. Bradbury, D.D., <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li><li>
-—— Winthrop, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li><li>
-Characteristics of the place and people, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li><li>
-Child, Captain Benjamin, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li><li>
-—— Captain Elisha, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li><li>
-—— Lieut. Josiah, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li><li>
-—— Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li><li>
-Church, First built 1694, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li><li>
-—— Fourth Congregational, established 1767, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li><li>
-—— Third Congregational, established 1760, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li><li>
-Churches, History of, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li><li>
-Connecticut, First members to General Assembly of, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li><li>
-“Connecticut Park,” <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li><li>
-Court, Establishment of, among Indians, <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li><li>
-Cradock, Governor, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li><li>
-Curtis, John, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-
-Distinguished men of Woodstock, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li><li>
-Dudley, Joseph, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li><li>
-—— Thomas, Letter of, to Countess of Lincoln, March 12, 1630-1, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li><li>
-Dwight, Rev. Josiah, first minister, installed October 17, 1690, <a href="#Page_32">32</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-
-Eaton, General William, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li><li>
-Education, progress of, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li><li>
-Eliot’s visit to Woodstock, Narrative of, by Gookin, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-
-Families represented in French and Indian War, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li><li>
-Fines imposed for non-attendance at town meeting, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li><li>
-Fox, Jabez, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li><li>
-—— John, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li><li>
-French and Indian War, Woodstock families represented in, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li><li>
-Frizzel, William, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li><li>
-Frontier service, Twenty men impressed for, 1724, <a href="#Page_46">46</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-
-General Court, First, in America, Boston, September 28, 1630, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li><li>
-Gookin, Major Daniel, magistrate of all Indian towns, 1656, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li><li>
-Grant, General U. S., Visit of, to Woodstock, <a href="#Page_59">59</a></li><li>
-Gravestone of Edward Morris (oldest in county—1689), <a href="#Page_25">25</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-
-Holmes, Abiel, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li><li>
-—— Doctor David, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li><li>
-—— Oliver Wendell, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li><li>
-Home lots, Drawing lots for, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-
-Indian church, First, in America, established by Eliot at Natick in 1651, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li><li>
-Indians, Religious instruction of, in 1629, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li><li>
-—— Troubles with, <a href="#Page_33">33</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-
-King Philip’s war, Consequences of, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-
-Leonard, Rev. Abiel, installed pastor, 1763, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li><li>
-—— —— appointed chaplain of Third Regiment of Connecticut, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li><li>
-—— —— death of, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li><li>
-Longevity of some of the present inhabitants, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li><li>
-Lots drawn for home lots, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li><li>
-Lyman, Rev. Eliphalet, ordained in 1779, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li><li>
-—— “Old Priest,” <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li><li>
-Lyon, Captain Daniel, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li><li>
-—— Stephen, <a href="#Page_49">49</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span>
-
-McClellan, Captain Samuel, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li><li>
-—— Gen. Geo. B., <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li><li>
-Manning, Ephraim, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li><li>
-Marcy, Captain Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li><li>
-—— Hon. Wm. Leonard, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li><li>
-—— John, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li><li>
-Massachusetts Bay, first organized settlement on, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li><li>
-“Middlesex Gore,” <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li><li>
-Military renown of men of Woodstock, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li><li>
-Minister, appointment of first, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li><li>
-Morris, Asa, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li><li>
-—— Commodore Charles, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li><li>
-—— George N., <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li><li>
-—— Edward, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li><li>
-—— Hon. J. F., <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li><li>
-Morse, Jedediah, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li><li>
-—— Rev. Jedediah, D.D., <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li><li>
-—— Samuel F. B., <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li><li>
-—— Sarah, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-
-Nipmuck country, Derivation of name, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li><li>
-—— Description of, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li><li>
-—— Desertion of, after King Philip’s war, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li><li>
-—— Purchase of, from Indians, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></li><li>
-“Notable Meeting,” <a href="#Page_59">59</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-
-Oldman, John, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li><li>
-“Old Thirteen,” Names of, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-
-Perry, Saml., <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li><li>
-Praying Villages, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li><li>
-Pulpit Rock, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li><li>
-Putnam, Capt. Israel, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li><li>
-Pynchon, William, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-
-Quinnatisset, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-
-Rebellion, Services of Woodstock, men in, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li><li>
-Refusal to send representatives to General Court at Boston, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li><li>
-Religious services among Indians, Description of, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li><li>
-Revolution, Company of one hundred and eighty-nine men formed for service in, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li><li>
-—— Service rendered by town during the, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></li><li>
-Roxbury—Deputies sent to Boston Assembly, 1634, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li><li>
-—— Early settlers’ names, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li><li>
-—— Eliot, Rev. John, pastor of First Church, established 1632, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li><li>
-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span>
-—— First settlers, where from, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li><li>
-—— Founders’ names, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li><li>
-—— Prominent in organizing settlement of Woodstock, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li><li>
-—— Settlement of, Sept. 28, 1630, <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li><li>
-Ruggles, John, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li><li>
-—— Samuel, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-
-Sampson, Indian teacher at Wabquissit, <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li><li>
-School-house built 1733, <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li><li>
-Selectmen, Names of first, <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li><li>
-—— Names of first, chosen by New Roxbury, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li><li>
-Settlement, Arrangements for, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li><li>
-—— Committee appointed to find place suitable for, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li><li>
-—— Name of, changed from New Roxbury to Woodstock, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li><li>
-—— of other towns by Woodstock men, <a href="#Page_58">58</a></li><li>
-—— Petition for land for, 1683, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li><li>
-—— Time granted for, <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li><li>
-—— —— extended, <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li><li>
-Settlers, Ages of first, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li><li>
-—— Descendants of, now in town, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li><li>
-—— Enterprise of, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li><li>
-—— First death among, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li><li>
-—— Names of first, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li><li>
-—— Original thirteen, <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li><li>
-Sewell, Capt. Samuel, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li><li>
-—— —— Extract from diary of, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li><li>
-Skinner, Paraclete, <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li><li>
-Stages, Lines of, established between Woodstock and New London and New Haven, <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li><li>
-Stiles, Rev. Abel S., <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li><li>
-Stoughton, Wm., <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-
-Throop, Rev. Amos, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></li><li>
-Trees planted by wife of General McClellan, <a href="#Page_50">50</a><br /><br /></li><li>
-
-Wabbaquasset, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li><li>
-Wabquissit, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li><li>
-Walker, Amasa, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li><li>
-—— Gen. Francis A., <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li><li>
-War of 1812, Woodstock men in, <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li><li>
-West Parish of Woodstock, incorporated 1743, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li><li>
-—— called New Roxbury, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li><li>
-Williams, Jared W., <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li><li>
-—— Rev. Stephen, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li><li>
-—— Samuel, Sr., <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li><li>
-Women of Woodstock, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></li><li>
-Woodstock Hill, <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li><li>
-Worcester County formed, 1731, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li>
-</ul>
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Woodstock, by Clarence Winthrop Bowen
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of Woodstock, by Clarence Winthrop Bowen
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
-almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
-re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
-with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license
-
-
-Title: Woodstock
-       An historical sketch
-
-Author: Clarence Winthrop Bowen
-
-Release Date: September 24, 2013 [EBook #43810]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: ASCII
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WOODSTOCK ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Turgut Dincer and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-produced from images generously made available by The
-Internet Archive)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-  WOODSTOCK
-
-  AN HISTORICAL SKETCH
-
-  BY
-
-  CLARENCE WINTHROP BOWEN, PH.D.
-
-  READ AT ROSELAND PARK, WOODSTOCK, CONNECTICUT, AT THE BI-CENTENNIAL
-  CELEBRATION OF THE TOWN, ON TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1886
-
-  NEW YORK & LONDON
-  G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
-  The Knickerbocker Press
-  1886
-
-  COPYRIGHT BY
-  CLARENCE WINTHROP BOWEN
-  1886
-
-  Press of
-  G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
-  New York
-
-
-As a full history of Woodstock has been in preparation for several
-years and will, it is hoped, be published in the course of another
-year, this brief sketch is issued as it was read at the Bi-Centennial
-Anniversary of the town.
-
-
-
-
-CONTENTS.
-
-
-                                                    PAGE
-
-     I. INTRODUCTION                                   7
-
-    II. THE SETTLEMENT OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY
-          AND OF ROXBURY                               8
-
-   III. THE NIPMUCK COUNTRY AND THE VISIT OF
-          JOHN ELIOT TO THE INDIANS AT WABBAQUASSET,
-          OR WOODSTOCK                                12
-
-    IV. THE SETTLEMENT OF NEW ROXBURY, OR
-          WOODSTOCK                                   20
-
-     V. THE CHANGE OF THE NAME OF NEW ROXBURY
-          TO WOODSTOCK                                28
-
-    VI. THE GROWTH OF THE NEW TOWNSHIP--1690-1731      32
-
-   VII. ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS                        36
-
-  VIII. THE TRANSFER OF WOODSTOCK FROM MASSACHUSETTS
-          TO CONNECTICUT                              43
-
-    IX. MILITARY RECORD                               46
-
-     X. EDUCATIONAL MATTERS                           53
-
-    XI. DISTINGUISHED CITIZENS                        55
-
-   XII. CHARACTERISTICS OF WOODSTOCK                  58
-
-  XIII. CONCLUSION                                    61
-
-        INDEX                                         63
-
-
-
-
-I.
-
-
-The history of the town of Woodstock is associated with the beginnings
-of history in New England. The ideas of the first settlers of Woodstock
-were the ideas of the first settlers of the Colony of Plymouth and
-the Province of Massachusetts Bay. The planting of these colonies
-was one of the fruits of the Reformation. The antagonism between the
-Established Church of England and the Non-Conformists led to the
-settlement of New England. The Puritans of Massachusetts, at first
-Non-Conformists, became Separatists like the Pilgrims of Plymouth.
-Pilgrims and Puritans alike accepted persecution and surrendered the
-comforts of home to obtain religious liberty. They found it in New
-England; and here, more quickly than in the mother country, they
-developed also that civil liberty which is now the birthright of every
-Anglo-Saxon.
-
-
-II.
-
-The settlement of Woodstock is intimately connected with the first
-organized settlement on Massachusetts Bay; and how our mother town
-of Roxbury was first established is best told in the words of Thomas
-Dudley in his letter to the Countess of Lincoln under date of Boston,
-March 12, 1630-1:
-
-    "About the year 1627 some friends, being together in Lincolnshire,
-    fell into discourse about New England and the planting of the
-    gospel there. In 1628 we procured a patent from his Majesty for
-    our planting between the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River on
-    the South and the River of Merrimack on the North and three miles
-    on either side of those rivers and bay ... and the same year we
-    sent Mr. John Endicott and some with him to begin a plantation. In
-    1629 we sent divers ships over with about three hundred people. Mr.
-    Winthrop, of Suffolk (who was well known in his own country and
-    well approved here for his piety, liberality, wisdom, and gravity),
-    coming in to us we came to such resolution that in April, 1630, we
-    set sail from Old England.... We were forced to change counsel,
-    and, for our present shelter, to plant dispersedly."
-
-Settlements were accordingly made at Salem, Charlestown, Boston,
-Medford, Watertown, and in several other localities. The sixth
-settlement was made, to quote further from the same letter to the
-Countess of Lincoln, by "others of us two miles from Boston, in a place
-we named Rocksbury."[1]
-
-The date of settlement was September 28, 1630, and just three weeks
-later the first General Court that ever sat in America was held in
-Boston. The same year the first church in Boston was organized.[2]
-Roxbury, like the other settlements of Massachusetts Bay, was a little
-republic in itself. The people chose the selectmen and governed
-themselves; and as early as 1634, like the seven other organized towns,
-they sent three deputies to Boston to attend the first representative
-Assembly at which important business was transacted. The government
-of Roxbury, like the other plantations, was founded on a theocratic
-basis. Church and state were inseparable. No one could be admitted
-as a citizen unless he was a member of the church. Many of the first
-settlers came from Nazing, a small village in England, about twenty
-miles from London, on the river Lee. Morris, Ruggles, Payson, and
-Peacock, names read in the earliest records of Woodstock, were old
-family names in Nazing. Other first inhabitants of Roxbury came from
-Wales and the west of England, or London and its vicinity. Among the
-founders were John Johnson, Richard Bugbee, and John Leavens, whose
-family names are well known as among the first settlers of Woodstock.
-All were men of property[3]; none were "of the poorer sort." In 1631
-the Rev. John Eliot, a native of the village of Nazing, arrived with a
-company of Nazing pilgrims. Eliot, though earnestly solicited to become
-pastor of the church in Boston,[4] accepted the charge of the church
-in Roxbury, which was organized in 1632,[5] and was the sixth church,
-in order of time, established in New England. Another name equally
-prominent in the earliest years of the history of Roxbury was that of
-William Pynchon, afterwards known as the founder of Springfield in
-Massachusetts. Only Boston excels Roxbury in the number of its citizens
-who have made illustrious the early history of the Massachusetts
-colony.[6] Among the early settlers of Roxbury who themselves became,
-or whose descendants became, the early settlers of Woodstock, were the
-Bartholomews, Bowens, Bugbees, Chandlers, Childs, Corbins, Crafts,
-Griggses, Gareys, Holmeses, Johnsons, Lyons, Levinses, Mays, Morrises,
-Paysons, Peacocks, Peakes, Perrins, Scarboroughs, and Williamses.[7]
-
-In 1643 the towns within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts had grown
-to thirty, and Roxbury did more than her share towards the organization
-of the new towns. In fact, Roxbury has been called the mother of
-towns, no less than fifteen communities having been founded by her
-citizens.[8] Among the most important of these settlements was the town
-of Woodstock, whose Bicentennial we this day celebrate.
-
-
-III.
-
-A glance at the country about us previous to the settlement of the
-town, in 1686, shows us a land sparsely inhabited by small bands of
-peaceful Indians, without an independent chief of their own, but who
-paid tribute to the Sachem of the Mohegans, the warriors who had
-revolted from the Pequots. Woodstock was a portion of the Nipmuck[9]
-country, so-called because it contained fresh ponds or lakes in
-contrast to other sections that bordered upon the sea or along running
-rivers. Wabbaquasset, or the mat-producing place, was the name of the
-principal Indian village, and that name still exists in the corrupted
-form of Quasset to designate a section of the town. Indians from
-the Nipmuck[10] country took corn to Boston in 1630, soon after the
-arrival of the "Bay Colony"; and in 1633[11] John Oldman and his three
-Dorchester companions passed through this same section on their way to
-learn something of the Connecticut River country; and they may have
-rested on yonder "Plaine Hill," for history states that they "lodged
-at Indians towns all the way."[12] The old "Connecticut Path" over
-which that distinguished band[13] of colonists went in 1635 and 1636 to
-settle the towns of Windsor, Wethersfield, and Hartford, passed through
-the heart of what is now Woodstock.[14] This path so famous in the
-early days of New England history, came out of Thompson Woods, a little
-north of Woodstock Lake, and proceeding across the Senexet meadow, ran
-west near Plaine Hill, Marcy's Hill, and a little south of the base of
-Coatney Hill. For more than fifty years before the settlement of the
-town, this historic path near Woodstock Hill was the outlet for the
-surplus population of Massachusetts Bay and the line of communication
-between Massachusetts and the Connecticut and New Haven colonies.
-But the most noteworthy feature in the description of the Indians of
-the Nipmuck country is that as early as 1670 they were formed into
-Praying Villages. Evidently the instructions of Gov. Cradock in his
-letter of March, 1629, to John Endicott had not been forgotten. In that
-letter he said: "Be not unmindful of the main end of our plantation
-by endeavoring to bring the Indians to the knowledge of the gospel."
-In the heart of one man at least that idea was paramount. John Eliot,
-the Apostle to the Indians, was not content to be simply the pastor of
-the church of Roxbury for nearly sixty years. Amid his countless other
-labors he preached the gospel to the Indians of the Nipmuck country.
-The first Indian church in America had been established by him at
-Natick in 1651; and, in 1674, he visited the Indian villages in the
-wild territory about these very hills. As he found it, to quote his own
-words,[15] "absolutely necessary to carry on civility with religion,"
-he was accompanied by Major Daniel Gookin, who had been appointed, in
-1656, magistrate of all the Indian towns. Maanexit was first visited
-on the Mohegan or Quinebaug River, near what is now New Boston, where
-Eliot preached to the natives, using as his text the seventh verse of
-the twenty-fourth Psalm: "Lift up your heads, O ye gates; and be ye
-lift up, ye everlasting doors; and the king of glory shall come in."
-
-Quinnatisset, on what is now Thompson Hill, was the name of another
-Praying Town. But a quotation[16] from the homely narrative of Major
-Gookin is the best description of Eliot's memorable visit to Woodstock:
-
-    "We went not to it [Quinnatisset], being straitened for time, but
-    we spake with some of the principal people at Wabquissit.[17] ...
-    Wabquissit ... lieth about nine or ten miles from Maanexit, upon
-    the west side, six miles of Mohegan River, and is distant from
-    Boston west and by south, about seventy-two miles. It lieth about
-    four miles within the Massachusetts south line. It hath about
-    thirty families, and one hundred and fifty souls. It is situated in
-    a very rich soil, manifested by the goodly crop of Indian corn then
-    newly ingathered, not less than forty bushels upon an acre. We came
-    thither late in the evening upon the 15th of September, and took
-    up our quarters at the sagamore's wigwam, who was not at home: but
-    his squaw courteously admitted us, and provided liberally, in their
-    way, for the Indians that accompanied us. This sagamore inclines to
-    religion, and keeps the meeting on sabbath days at his house, which
-    is spacious, about sixty feet in length and twenty feet in width.
-    The teacher of this place is named Sampson; an active and ingenious
-    person. He speaks good English and reads well. He is brother
-    unto Joseph, before named, teacher at Chabanakougkomun[18] ...
-    being both hopeful, pious, and active men; especially the younger
-    before-named Sampson, teacher at Wabquissit, who was, a few years
-    since, a dissolute person, and I have been forced to be severe
-    in punishing him for his misdemeanors formerly. But now he is,
-    through grace, changed and become sober and pious; and he is now
-    very thankful to me for the discipline formerly exercised towards
-    him. And besides his flagitious life heretofore, he lived very
-    uncomfortably with his wife; but now they live very well together,
-    I confess this story is a digression. But because it tendeth to
-    magnify grace, and that to a prodigal, and to declare how God
-    remembers his covenant unto the children of such as are faithful
-    and zealous for him in their time and generation, I have mentioned
-    it.
-
-    "We being at Wabquissit, at the sagamore's wigwam, divers of the
-    principal people that were at home came to us, with whom we spent a
-    good part of the night in prayer, singing psalms, and exhortations.
-    There was a person among them, who, sitting mute a great space, at
-    last spake to this effect: That he was agent for Unkas, Sachem of
-    Mohegan, who challenged right to, and dominion over, this people of
-    Wabquissit. And said he, Unkas is not well pleased that the English
-    should pass over Mohegan River to call his Indians to pray to God.
-    Upon which speech Mr. Eliot first answered, that it was his work to
-    call upon all men everywhere, as he had opportunity, especially the
-    Indians, to repent and embrace the gospel; but he did not meddle
-    with civil right or jurisdiction. When he had done speaking, then I
-    declared to him, and desired him to inform Unkas what I said, that
-    Wabquissit was within the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, and that
-    the government of that people did belong to them; and that they do
-    look upon themselves concerned to promote the good of all people
-    within their limits, especially if they embraced Christianity. Yet
-    it was not hereby intended to abridge the Indian sachems of their
-    just and ancient right over the Indians, in respect of paying
-    tribute or any other dues. But the main design of the English was
-    to bring them to the good knowledge of God in Christ Jesus; and to
-    suppress among them those sins of drunkenness, idolatry, powowing
-    or witchcraft, whoredom, murder, and like sins. As for the English,
-    they had taken no tribute from them, nor taxed them with any thing
-    of the kind.
-
-    "Upon the 16th day of September[19] being at Wabquissit, as soon
-    as the people were come together, Mr. Eliot first prayed, and then
-    preached to them, in their own language, out of Mat. vi., 33:
-    _First seek the kingdom of heaven and the righteousness thereof,
-    and all these things shall be added unto you._ Their teacher,
-    Sampson, first reading and setting the cxix. Ps., 1st part, which
-    was sung. The exercise was concluded with prayer.
-
-    "Then I began a Court among the Indians, and first I approved
-    their teacher, Sampson, and their constable, Black James,[20]
-    giving each of them a charge to be diligent and faithful in their
-    places. Also I exhorted the people to yield obedience to the
-    gospel of Christ and to those set in order there. Then published
-    a warrant or order, that I had prepared, empowering the constable
-    to suppress drunkenness, Sabbath breaking, especially powowing and
-    idolatry. And, after warning given, to apprehend all delinquents
-    and bring them before authority to answer for their misdoings; the
-    smaller faults to bring before Watasacompamun, ruler of the Nipmuck
-    country; for idolatry and powowing to bring them before me: So we
-    took leave of this people of Wabquissit, and about eleven o'clock
-    returned back to Maanexit and Chabanakougkomun, where we lodged
-    this night."
-
-History fails to locate the spot where John Eliot's sermon to the
-Indians of Woodstock was delivered, but tradition points to "Pulpit
-Rock," so-called, under the aged chestnut trees of the McClellan farm
-near the "Old Hall"[21] road.
-
-But Eliot's good work in the Nipmuck country was destroyed when King
-Philip's war broke out in 1675. In August of that year a company of
-Providence men journeyed as far as Wabbaquasset, thinking that possibly
-King Philip himself had escaped thither.[22] They found an Indian fort
-a mile or two west of Woodstock Hill, but no Indians. A party from
-Norwich in June of the following year also found deserted Wabbaquasset
-and the other Praying Villages. Desolation and devastation followed
-the disappearance of the Red Man. The Nipmuck country became more a
-wilderness than ever, forsaken of its aboriginal inhabitants whose
-barbaric tenure could not stand against a superior civilization.
-
-    "Forgotten race, farewell! Your haunts we tread,
-    Our mighty rivers speak your words of yore,
-    Our mountains wear them on their misty head,
-    Our sounding cataracts hurl them to the shore;
-    But on the lake your flashing oar is still,
-    Hush'd is your hunter's cry on dale and hill,
-    Your arrow stays the eagle's flight no more,
-    And ye, like troubled shadows, sink to rest
-    In unremember'd tombs, unpitied and unbless'd."[23]
-
-
-IV.
-
-The time had now arrived for the white man to make a settlement at
-Wabbaquasset. In May, of 1681, the General Court of Massachusetts
-Bay had given to William Stoughton and Joseph Dudley the care of
-the Nipmuck country, with power to ascertain the titles belonging
-to the Indians and others, and a meeting of the claimants was held
-the following month at Cambridge, at which John Eliot rendered much
-assistance as interpreter. Dudley and Stoughton purchased all the
-claims, and the following year,[24] the whole Nipmuck country became
-the property of Massachusetts Bay. Jurisdiction over the country had
-already been claimed, under the terms of the Massachusetts charter.
-Many of the inhabitants of the town of Roxbury now felt that they could
-improve their condition and increase their usefulness by forming a
-settlement in some desirable portion of the new country. Undoubtedly
-their pastor, John Eliot, had told them of the beauty and fertility
-of the country about the Praying Villages of Maanexit, Quinnatisset,
-and Wabbaquasset.[25] Town meetings to arrange for a new settlement,
-were held in Roxbury in October of 1683.[26] A petition was signed,
-by a number of representative citizens of the town, asking that the
-General Court might grant to them a tract seven miles square about
-Quinnatisset, in the Nipmuck country. All save six of the thirty-six
-who signed this petition, afterwards became settlers of the new town,
-and of the five selectmen of Roxbury who presented the petition to
-the General Court, three[27] represented families prominent in the
-early history of Woodstock. The General Court at once granted[28]
-the petition provided the grant should not fall within a section to
-be reserved for Messrs Stoughton and Dudley, and Major Thompson, and
-provided also that thirty families should be settled on the plantation
-within three years from the following June, "and mainteyne amongst
-them an able, orthodox, godly minister."[29] In 1684 Roxbury accepted
-the terms of the General Court, and sent Samuel and John Ruggles,
-John Curtis, and Edward Morris, as a committee of four, to "view the
-wilderness and find a convenient place."
-
-As Quinnatisset had been in part already granted, the committee
-reported[30] a territory "commodiose" for settlement at "Seneksuk and
-Wapagusset and the lands ajasiant." A committee was therefore appointed
-to draw up an agreement for the "goers," as they were called, to sign.
-In 1685,[31] in answer to the petition of Edward Morris, deputy in
-behalf of the town of Roxbury, the General Court extended the limit
-of the time of settlement from June 10, 1687, to Jan. 31, 1688, and
-granted freedom from rates up to that time.[32] At town meetings held
-in Roxbury, during the same year, it was arranged that one half of
-the grant should belong to the new settlers and one hundred pounds in
-money be given to them in instalments of twenty pounds a year, and the
-other half of the grant should belong to "the stayers" in consideration
-of the aid given "the goers." The southern half of the grant was the
-portion subsequently occupied by "the goers." Actual possession,
-however, was not taken until April of the following year. On the second
-page of the cover of the old and musty first volume of records of the
-proprietors of New Roxbury, afterwards called Woodstock, are these
-words:
-
-    "April 5, 1686.
-
-    "These are the thirteen who were sent out to spy out Woodstock as
-    planters and to take actual posession: Jonathan Smithers, John
-    Frissell, Nathaniel Garey, John Marcy, Benjamin Griggs, John Lord,
-    Benjamin Sabin, Henry Bowen, Matthew Davis, Thomas Bacon, Peter
-    Aspinwall, George Griggs, and Ebenezer Morris."
-
-These thirteen planters, or the "Old Thirteen" as they have always been
-called, were visited in May or June[33] by a committee who had been
-appointed to ascertain the bounds of the grant. The last meeting of the
-"goers to settle" was held in Roxbury, July 21st; their first meeting
-in New Roxbury was held August 25th. A committee of seven, consisting
-of Joseph Griggs, Edward Morris, Henry Bowen, Sr., John Chandler, Sr.,
-Samuel Craft, Samuel Scarborough, and Jonathan Smithers, having been
-appointed to make needful arrangements preliminary to the drawing of
-home lots, that drawing took place on the twenty-eighth of August,
-or, by the new style of reckoning time, exactly two hundred years ago
-to-day.
-
-Say the old records: "After solemn prayer to God, who is the Disposer
-of all things, they drew lots according to the agreement, every man
-being satisfied and contented with God's disposing." Would that the
-words of that prayer and the picture of that scene could to-day be
-reproduced! Surely the spirit of the Puritans of 1630 was the spirit
-of that band of pilgrims in 1686 on yonder hill. These are the honored
-names of the first settlers: Thomas and Joseph Bacon, James Corbin,
-Benjamin Sabin, Henry Bowen, Thomas Lyon, Ebenezer Morris, Matthew
-Davis, William Lyon, Sr., John Chandler, Sr., Peter Aspinwall, John
-Frizzel, Joseph Frizzel, Jonathan Smithers, John Butcher, Jonathan
-Davis, Jonathan Peake, Nathaniel Garey, John Bowen, Nathaniel Johnson,
-John Hubbard, George Griggs, Benjamin Griggs, William Lyon, Jr., John
-Leavens, Nathaniel Sanger, Samuel Scarborough, Samuel Craft, Samuel
-May, Joseph Bugbee, Samuel Peacock, Arthur Humphrey, John Bugbee, Jr.,
-Andrew Watkins, John Marcy, Edward Morris, Joseph Peake, John Holmes,
-and John Chandler, Jr.
-
-Of that list of thirty-nine,[34] Benjamin Sabin, Nathaniel Sanger,
-Nathaniel Garey, John Hubbard, Matthew Davis, and George Griggs
-afterwards moved to Pomfret; Peter Aspinwall and his step-sons, the
-sons of John Leavens, went to Killingby; and Arthur Humphrey and others
-became the first settlers of Ashford. A few returned to Roxbury. But
-a large share of the original settlers lived and died in Woodstock,
-including Edward and Ebenezer Morris, Jonathan and Joseph Peake, James
-Corbin, Thomas and Joseph Bacon, Henry Bowen, William and Thomas Lyon,
-John Chandler, Sr., and John Chandler, Jr., John Butcher, Nathaniel
-Johnson, Joseph and John Bugbee, John Marcy, John Holmes, and perhaps
-a few others. As an illustration of the ages of the pioneers in 1686,
-it may be mentioned that Benjamin Griggs was nineteen; Joseph Bacon
-and Andrew Watkins, twenty; John Bugbee, John Chandler, Jr., James
-Corbin, and Jonathan Davis, twenty-one; Peter Aspinwall, Matthew Davis,
-John Frizzel, and Lieut. Ebenezer Morris, twenty-two; John Butcher and
-Nathaniel Garey, twenty-three; John Bowen and John Marcy, twenty-four;
-George Griggs, John Holmes, and Samuel May, twenty-five; Thomas Bacon,
-twenty-eight; Samuel Peacock, twenty-nine; William Lyon, Jr., and
-Nathaniel Sanger, thirty-four; Thomas Lyon, thirty-eight; Nathaniel
-Johnson, thirty-nine; Benjamin Sabin and Samuel Scarborough, forty;
-Joseph Peake, forty-one; Joseph Bugbee and John Leavens, forty-six;
-Samuel Craft and Jonathan Peake,[35] forty-nine; Deacon John Chandler,
-fifty-one; Lieut. Henry Bowen, fifty-three; Edward Morris, fifty-six;
-and William Lyon Sr., sixty-five.[36]
-
-The first one of the thirty-nine to die was Lieut. Edward Morris,
-whose gravestone bears the date of 1689, the oldest in the county.[37]
-The last one of the thirty-nine to die was Thomas Bacon, who lived
-to be ninety-six years of age. To show the extreme ages of some of
-the Woodstock people, it may here be said that Paraclete Skinner, now
-living, remembers Deacon Jedediah Morse, who died in 1819 at the age
-of ninety-three, and Deacon Morse was seventeen years old when Col.
-John Chandler, a first settler, was living; and thirty-two years of
-age the year that Thomas Bacon, another first settler, died. That is,
-an inhabitant of this town remembers one who knew some of the first
-settlers of Woodstock. Lieut. Henry Bowen, one of the first settlers,
-attained the age of ninety. Deacon Morse's grandmother, who came in
-April of 1687 to Woodstock with her husband Jonathan Peake, Jr.,[38]
-likewise lived to be ninety, lacking twelve days. One of the oldest
-persons that ever lived in Woodstock was Sarah, the daughter of
-Jonathan Peake, Jr., and the mother of Deacon Morse, who reached the
-age of ninety-nine, lacking forty-four days, and who had about her
-while living three hundred and nineteen descendants.[39] The combined
-ages of Thomas Bacon, Sarah Morse, and Paraclete Skinner is now two
-hundred and eighty years. Time alone can tell to what figure their
-combined ages may attain!
-
-But what a small number in that list of first settlers have descendants
-bearing the same family name among the citizens of Woodstock to-day!
-Only James Corbin, William Lyon, John Chandler, Nathaniel Johnson,
-Benjamin Griggs, Henry Bowen, Joseph Bugbee, Nathaniel Sanger, and John
-Marcy! But Woodstock is proud to own among the descendants of the first
-settlers influential and honored citizens of many towns and cities, and
-some of them, I rejoice to say are here to-day.
-
-The first settlers of Woodstock had the right stuff in them to succeed.
-After the home-lots were chosen highways were laid out, a grist-mill
-and saw-mill built, bridges constructed, new inhabitants brought in,
-and every thing possible was done to make the settlement permanent. A
-general meeting of the inhabitants was held July 2, 1687, when "John
-Chandler, Sr., Nathaniel Johnson, Joseph Bugbee, James White, and James
-Peake, were chosen to order the prudential affairs of the place as
-selectmen, for the year ensuing."
-
-
-V.
-
-An effort was now made to get a confirmation of the grant occupied
-by the new settlers, but as long as Sir Edmund Andros was the Royal
-Governor of the Province, it was impossible. A delay ensued until
-William and Mary became sovereigns of Great Britain. The new settlers
-had not yet an organized town government. The settlement, like the
-first settlements in Windsor and Hartford, received its name from the
-mother town.[40] But the New Roxbury people wished to have a name
-of their own and a town of their own. At the beginning of the year
-1690 they chose a committee of three to petition the General Court to
-substitute a new name for that of New Roxbury. The committee at once
-conferred with the mother town, for on Jan. 13, 1690, Roxbury held
-a town meeting at which it was voted to request the General Court
-to allow the settlement in the Nipmuck country to become a town,
-to confirm the grant and to give a suitable name. The New Roxbury
-committee pressed their claims, and on March 18, 1690, the General
-Court confirmed the grant and voted that the name of the plantation
-be Woodstock. We owe the name of Woodstock to Capt. Samuel Sewell[41]
-who was Chief-Justice of Massachusetts from 1718 to 1728. He has been
-called "a typical Puritan" and "the Pepys of New England,"--the man who
-judged the witches of Salem and afterwards repented of it.[42] In 1690,
-when Count Frontenac's[43] forces were coming down from Canada upon
-the settlements of the United Colonies, and Massachusetts determined
-to ask the help of Connecticut in protecting the upper towns on the
-Connecticut River, Captain Sewell rode past Woodstock on his way to
-Connecticut. He was no doubt on business of state, being one of the
-Governor's Counsellors, and one of a Committee of Seven of the Council
-with the same power as the Council to arrange "for setting forth the
-forces."[44] The proximity of New Roxbury to Oxford in Massachusetts
-suggested to him, he tells us, the name of a famous place near old
-Oxford in England.
-
-In his Diary of March 18, 1689/90, Capt. Sewell, says:
-
-    "I gave New Roxbury the name of Woodstock, because of its nearness
-    to Oxford, for the sake of Queen Elizabeth, and the notable
-    meetings that have been held at the place bearing that name in
-    England, some of which Dr. Gilbert[45] informed me of when in
-    England. It stands on a Hill. I saw it as I [went] to Coventry, but
-    left it on the left hand. Some told Capt. Ruggles[46] that I gave
-    the name and put words in his mouth to desire of me a Bell for the
-    Town."[47]
-
-Though Judge Sewell, years after his first visit had social
-relations[48] with some of the inhabitants of Woodstock, there is
-no evidence to show that he ever gave a bell to the town or to the
-church.[49] But he gave us something better, a good name,--the name of
-Woodstock, associated with the memories of Saxon and Norman Kings, the
-spot where King Alfred translated "The Consolations of Philosophy,"
-by Boethius, the birthplace of the poet Chaucer, the prison of
-Queen Elizabeth.[50] History and romance[51] have made illustrious
-the names of Woodstock and Woodstock Park, and "the notable meetings"
-spoken of by Judge Sewell as having taken place in Old England have
-been transferred to the settlement in New England. Surely the name of
-Woodstock, as applied to the little village of New Roxbury, has proved
-to be no misnomer.
-
-It should be said that the western part of the town, when it became
-a settlement years after, revived the old name of New Roxbury. The
-church in West Woodstock belonged to what was called the Parish of New
-Roxbury, or the Second Precinct of Woodstock.[52]
-
-
-VI.
-
-The most pressing duty for our ancestors to perform, after securing
-a name and legalized status for the town, was the settlement of "an
-able, orthodox, godly minister." The Rev. Josiah Dwight, a graduate of
-Harvard College in the class of 1687, received the appointment, and
-was installed October 17, 1690, receiving L40 the first year, L50 the
-second, and L60 the third year and thereafter. It was with difficulty,
-however, that these sums were paid, and when, some years after, the
-account was settled by the payment of what was due, he gave a receipt
-in full "from the beginning of the world to May 6, 1696." A home lot
-was allowed Mr. Dwight according to the original drawing of lots, and
-arrangements were made to build a home for him immediately after his
-settlement. The following year,[53] it was determined to construct a
-house of worship, which was completed early[54] in 1694. This was the
-first meeting-house in Windham County, and here gathered, on Sabbath
-days, the settlers from miles around. The people of Pomfret attended
-church in this rude structure until 1715, when their own society was
-organized.
-
-The officers of the new town elected in 1690[55] were John Chandler,
-Sr., William Bartholomew, Benjamin Sabin, John Leavens, and Joseph
-Bugbee, as selectmen, and John Chandler, Jr., as town clerk. All
-of those men to-day have descendants in Woodstock or its immediate
-vicinity. At that time, the men of Woodstock imposed a fine of one and
-six pence upon every one who failed to attend the town meeting, and six
-pence an hour for tardiness. Disputes regarding titles to land, and the
-boundary line dividing the north half of the town, and disputes with
-the mother-town regarding this northern half, which belonged to Roxbury
-according to the terms of the grant, were vexatious, and not in every
-respect creditable to Woodstock. But Roxbury's interest in the northern
-half of Woodstock continued till 1797, when the lands had all been sold
-or become individual property. Large tracts, however, were held by
-Roxbury and Woodstock speculators for many years afterward.
-
-Troubles with the Indians, who returned to their old hunting and
-fishing haunts after the settlement of the town, broke out in 1696,[56]
-and again in 1700 and 1704, and even as late as 1724. When a war broke
-out abroad, there was trouble with the Indians at home. When an Indian
-outbreak was threatened, the town received some military assistance
-from the colony government. Such threatened outbreaks retarded the
-progress of the settlement.
-
-After discussing the question for several years, the town determined,
-in 1719,[57] to erect a new meeting-house near the burying-ground,
-instead of at the south end of the village, where the old building
-stood, yet so straitened were the people in their circumstances that
-they applied to the General Court in Boston, requesting that the
-unoccupied lands of the residents and non-residents of the town be
-taxed to the extent of L250, to be applied to the building of a church.
-As the non-residents' lands were almost entirely in the north half of
-the grant, and belonged to Roxbury people, Roxbury stoutly opposed
-the tax in a memorial to the General Court. When the General Court
-refused the petition, Woodstock asked to be excused from sending her
-representative to Boston. The town's representative at this time, in
-fact the first and only representative for many years, was Captain John
-Chandler, who, like his father Deacon John Chandler, was one of the
-first settlers. He surveyed lands in Woodstock and neighboring towns,
-and owned large tracts of territory in Connecticut and Massachusetts.
-To avoid the necessity of sending to Boston to have deeds recorded
-and wills proven, Captain Chandler tried to get the consent of the
-General Court in 1720 for the formation of a new county, to be called
-Worcester County, of which Woodstock should be a part, but a delay
-ensued until 1731, when Captain, now Colonel, Chandler was successful.
-Woodstock became one of the most prominent towns of Worcester County,
-and John Chandler was made Chief-Justice of the Court of Common Pleas
-and General Sessions.[58]
-
-
-VII.
-
-Ecclesiastical affairs have been so interwoven with town affairs,
-that it is impossible to give a sketch of Woodstock without giving a
-history of the churches. It may, however, be done briefly, as others
-have been appointed to speak specially for the different church
-organizations of the town. Though the first minister, the Rev. Josiah
-Dwight, was of the "Standing Order," so-called, and believed in the
-Cambridge platform, yet he was suspected of theological looseness and,
-besides many idiosyncrasies, was accused of "speculating in the wild
-lands of Killingly." The first settlers had no end of trouble with
-him, especially regarding money matters, and he was finally removed
-September 3, 1726. The next regular minister was Rev. Amos Throop,
-who was installed May 24, 1727. Like Mr. Dwight, he was a graduate
-of Harvard College, and came to Woodstock at the age of twenty-five.
-Naturally he found fault when the town attempted to pay him his salary
-in the depreciated currency of the time. But the eight years of his
-ministry endeared him to the settlement, and his sudden death in
-1735[59] was keenly felt by his parishioners. The town assumed the
-expense of his gravestone, upon which may be read these words:
-
-    "O cruel death, to snatch from us below,
-      One fit to live within the spheres on high;
-    But since the great Creator orders so,
-      Here at his feet he doth submissive lie."
-
-During the pastorate of Mr. Throop the western part of the town[60]
-had received some settlers, mostly the sons of Woodstock's first
-settlers. In 1727 Joshua Chandler took possession of some land that had
-been given him by his father, Col. John Chandler, and representatives
-of the families of Child, Corbin, Lyon, Aspinwall, Bugbee, Morris,
-Marcy, Morse, Payson, Perrin, Johnson, Frizzel, Griggs, and Paine soon
-followed. In 1733[61] the town arranged to have a school-house built
-in this part of the town, and, the settlers increasing, West Parish
-desired[62] to have religious services of its own for four months of
-the year at the expense of the whole town. This request, it was argued,
-was only fair, inasmuch as the western half was obliged to contribute
-to the support of the Church on the Hill. But the town refused[63] to
-assume any of the charges. After trying the experiment for two winters,
-the West Parish people found the expense of supporting both ministers
-to be too great a burden, and they therefore again asked[64] the help
-of the town, and were refused. They still persisted, and petitioned[65]
-that the western half might be formed into a distinct township. Town
-meetings were held, and at last permission was given[66] them to
-address the General Court in Boston on the subject. But their petition
-to the General Court was dismissed. The West Woodstock people, however,
-insisted on the formation of a parish where they could worship God
-in their own fashion, and not be obliged to aid any church outside
-of their parish. They were willing to give up all idea of a town of
-their own. This modified request was now made to the town[67] and to
-the General Court.[68] The General Court complied by passing an act in
-1743,[69] incorporating the district as "The West Parish of Woodstock."
-A meeting was at once held,[70] at which it was determined to survey
-the line dividing the two portions of the town. West Parish was now
-called by the old name of New Roxbury. These acts were afterwards
-approved by the General Assembly of Connecticut when Woodstock withdrew
-from under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts.[71] In 1747 Rev. Stephen
-Williams was ordained pastor.
-
-The church[72] on the Hill was under the pastorate of Rev. Abel S.
-Stiles, who had been ordained in 1737.[73] But the fact that Mr.
-Stiles was a graduate of Yale College[74] instead of Harvard, as his
-two predecessors had been, and his family connections[75] were all
-with Connecticut, his parishioners were led to believe that he would
-favor the "Saybrook Platform" of faith, rather than the "Cambridge
-Platform," and if there was one thing our ancestors abhorred quite as
-much as Episcopacy or popery it was the "Saybrook Platform." To be
-tainted with that form of faith, as was the case with Mr. Stiles after
-his settlement in Woodstock, was heresy indeed, and Woodstock was
-determined, according to her grant of 1683, to have none other but an
-"able, orthodox, godly minister." Instead of attending the Association
-of Ministers in Massachusetts, Mr. Stiles preferred the meetings of the
-Windham County Association in Connecticut, and when Woodstock became a
-part of Connecticut the troubles with Mr. Stiles increased. Councils
-were held. Pastor and parishioners tried to discipline each other.
-The General Assembly of Connecticut was appealed to. Threats--even
-violence was resorted to. But without going into the details of this
-long-protracted struggle, let it be said that there were two parties
-in the controversy, one side sympathizing with Mr. Stiles in his more
-liberal theological views, and the other side at first insisting
-on a minister who should conform in all respects to the "Standing
-Order," and afterwards opposed to Mr. Stiles personally as well as
-theologically. The Stiles party had favored, while the anti-Stiles
-party had opposed, the annexation of Woodstock to Connecticut. The
-result of the quarrel was a break in the church in 1760. The North
-Society was constituted by act[76] of the General Assembly, and Mr.
-Stiles and his followers went to Muddy Brook. Thus was formed the Third
-Congregational Church of Woodstock, and here Mr. Stiles continued to
-preach until his death in 1783.[77] When it was determined in 1831,
-by the church in East Woodstock, to build a new meeting-house on the
-spot of the old one erected in 1767, the people in Village Corners
-objected to the location and formed a society of their own--the Fourth
-Congregational Church of Woodstock.
-
-After the departure of Mr. Stiles the First Church was without a pastor
-for three years. Much time was spent in "going after ministers." The
-young Yale graduates who preached on trial did not please the church,
-whose sympathies were still with Massachusetts. Finally the Rev. Abiel
-Leonard, a graduate of Harvard College,[78] was installed on June 23,
-1763. Of the twelve churches asked to assist in the ordination only
-one[79] was a Connecticut organization. In fact it was not until the
-year 1815 that the church, after an adherence to the Cambridge order
-of faith for a hundred and twenty-five years, finally accepted the
-"Saybrook Platform," and joined the Connecticut association. The church
-was prosperous under Mr. Leonard. Largely owing to his influence the
-quarrel between the First and Third Churches was healed.[80] In 1775,
-on the breaking out of the Revolutionary War, Mr. Leonard was made
-Chaplain of the Third Regiment of Connecticut troops. The church, at
-the request of the commander, Colonel, afterwards General, Israel
-Putnam, granted the necessary leave of absence. The following year
-Washington and Putnam joined in writing a letter[81] to the church at
-Woodstock asking for a continued leave of absence for Mr. Leonard,
-praising him in the highest terms, and saying:
-
-    "He is employed in the glorious work of attending to the morals of
-    a brave people who are fighting for their liberties--the liberties
-    of the people of Woodstock--the liberties of all America."
-
-Agreeable a gentleman as Mr. Leonard was, he was suddenly superseded
-while on a visit to Woodstock, and on receiving the mortifying news
-when _en route_ to join the army he at once committed suicide.
-
-If ever there was an "able, orthodox, godly minister," of the true
-Massachusetts type, such as old Woodstock always loved to have, he was
-the Rev. Eliphalet Lyman, who was ordained in 1779. Although a graduate
-of Yale College,[82] he fulfilled the conditions of the Cambridge
-Platform, and continued pastor of the First Church for forty-five
-years, and was warmly interested in the religious and educational
-development of the town. He was the last of the historic ministers
-of Woodstock. He was respected and he was feared. The boys stopped
-playing ball when "Old Priest Lyman," in cocked hat and knee breeches,
-remembered by some of you here to-day, walked up the common.
-
-
-VIII.
-
-It should now be related how Woodstock, settled under Massachusetts,
-became a part of the State of Connecticut. Massachusetts claimed
-Woodstock, because the grant was supposed to lie within her chartered
-bounds as surveyed in 1642, and that claim was what Major Daniel
-Gookin referred to when he rebuked the agent of Uncas in 1674, during
-his visit with John Eliot, at Woodstock. But Massachusetts did not
-believe that the line of 1642 was wrong when she confirmed the grant
-to the Roxbury settlers. She even censured Woodstock for daring to ask
-Connecticut to confirm a portion of the grant that fell south of this
-line. Though Connecticut justly held she was entitled to Woodstock,
-according to the terms of her charter, she was, nevertheless, willing
-to forego her claim to this town, provided Massachusetts would allow
-her to have the jurisdiction over other territory claimed by both
-colonies. But the repeated attempts to settle the controversy failed,
-and it was not till 1713 that an agreement was finally concluded. For
-the privilege of having jurisdiction over Woodstock and the other
-towns claimed by both sides, Massachusetts agreed to compensate
-Connecticut, by giving her unimproved lands in Western Massachusetts
-and New Hampshire. These lands were therefore called "equivalent
-lands," and were sold by Connecticut for $2,274, and the money given
-to Yale College. Woodstock was entirely satisfied with this agreement,
-as all her associations were with Massachusetts. But in 1747 the town
-thought that her taxes, which had been increased owing to the French
-and Spanish wars,[83] would be lighter, and her privileges greater,
-if she followed Suffield, Enfield, and Somers "in trying to get off
-to Connecticut." So Woodstock applied to Connecticut, claiming that
-the agreement of 1713 had been made without her consent. After much
-deliberation, Connecticut voted in 1749 to receive the town, and
-declared the agreement of 1713 not binding. Woodstock was delighted at
-being received into Connecticut, and at a memorable town meeting[84]
-made Thomas Chandler and Henry Bowen the first members of the General
-Assembly. Though Woodstock has since 1749 been a part of this State,
-Massachusetts would never formally yield jurisdiction over the town,
-and even as late as 1768 warned the inhabitants not to pay taxes to
-Connecticut. In fact had it not been for the Revolution, Massachusetts
-might still be claiming Woodstock.[85] It might be added that
-Woodstock, in being annexed to Connecticut, lost about three thousand
-acres north of the colony line. This strip of land was known as the
-"Middlesex Gore" for forty-five years, and was annexed to Dudley and
-Sturbridge in 1794.
-
-After becoming a part of Connecticut, Woodstock was anxious that the
-northern half of Windham County should be made into a separate county,
-of which Woodstock should be the shire-town, but as Pomfret also
-desired the county seat, and as the State seemed unwilling to act, the
-project fell through.[86]
-
-
-IX.
-
-Woodstock's military glory is something of which she may well be proud.
-Representatives of the Morris, Bowen, Hubbard, and Johnson families,
-who came to Woodstock in 1686, fought under Captain Isaac Johnson, of
-Roxbury, in King Philip's War, and were in the famous Narragansett
-battle in 1675, when Captain Johnson was killed.[87] For the first
-forty years after the settlement of the town the Indian troubles made
-every man acquainted with the use of fire-arms, and when in later years
-there appeared no danger at home, our ancestors were ready to fight
-abroad either savage or foreign foes. In 1724, Colonel John Chandler
-received orders from Boston to impress twenty Woodstock men for the
-frontier service,[88] which meant that they should fight Indians in
-Central Massachusetts. When the news of the war between France and
-Great Britain was received in Boston in 1744,[89] fifty[90] men from
-Colonel Thomas Chandler's[91] regiment guarded the frontier, and
-history declares that this regiment, commanded by a Woodstock man,
-rendered efficient service in the capture of Louisburg in 1745.[92] In
-1748, before the treaty of Aix la Chapelle had been signed,[93] the
-death was chronicled of several Woodstock men who had gone up into New
-Hampshire to fight[94] the Indians with a company of colony troops. In
-the French and Indian War[95] for the conquest of Canada, the families
-of Bacon, Bugbee, Child, Corbin, Chandler, Frizzel, Griggs, Holmes,
-Lyon, Marcy, McClellan, Manning, Peake, and Perrin had representatives
-who distinguished themselves in the service. Woodstock and Pomfret
-boys composed the company of Captain Israel Putnam in this war. The
-McClellan and Lyon of the Seven Years' War were the McClellan and Lyon
-of the Revolution, and were of the same family as the McClellan and
-Lyon so celebrated and so much beloved in our own Civil War.
-
-The service rendered by Woodstock during the Revolution was most
-valuable. The town voted to purchase as few British goods as possible,
-and sent sixty-five fat sheep to Boston as a contribution to alleviate
-what the town records call "the distressed and suffering circumstances"
-of that city. Captain Elisha Child, Charles Church Chandler, Jedediah
-Morse, Captain Samuel McClellan, and Nathaniel Child, were appointed
-a committee[96] "for maintaining a correspondence with the towns of
-this and the neighboring colonies." The spirit of revolution, which had
-been growing, rose to fever-heat when the powder stored in Cambridge
-by the patriots was removed, in September of 1774, to Boston. The news
-flew as fast through the New England towns as horses' hoofs could
-take it. A son of Esquire Wolcott brought the news to Curtis' tavern
-in Dudley, and a son of Captain Clark carried it to his father's
-house in Woodstock, where it was carried to Colonel Israel Putnam in
-Pomfret.[97] The young men of Woodstock did not wait for the call to
-arms. They hurried to Cambridge, and, with the inhabitants of that and
-other towns, were with difficulty restrained from marching into Boston
-to demand, with their loaded muskets, the return of the powder. At the
-very beginning of the Revolution Woodstock was eager to do its duty.
-When the cry went through New England that blood had been shed at that
-"birthplace of American liberty," the historic Lexington, one hundred
-and eighty-nine men from Woodstock answered that call.[98] Ephraim
-Manning, Stephen Lyon, Asa Morris, and William Frizzel were officers
-in Colonel Israel Putnam's regiment when that regiment was stationed
-at Cambridge, while Captain Samuel McClellan had charge of the troop
-of horse, of which John Flynn was trumpeter. Captain Nathaniel Marcy,
-Captains Elisha and Benjamin Child, Lieut. Josiah Child, Captain Daniel
-Lyon, Jabez and John Fox, Samuel Perry, and many other Woodstock men,
-rendered services in this war equally efficient. When Samuel Perry,
-in his old age, used to go up to the store on Woodstock Hill in the
-evening, the boys would ask him to tell them about the battle of Bunker
-Hill, and would always ask if he had killed any of the British in that
-battle. "I don't know whether I killed any," was his reply, "but I took
-good aim, fired, and saw them drop!" Another Woodstock name, always
-honored at home as another of the same family name is to-day no less
-honored abroad, was Dr. David Holmes He had served as surgeon in the
-French war, and--
-
-                                ----"lived to see
-    The bloodier strife that made our nation free,
-    To serve with willing toil, with skilful hand,
-    The war-worn saviors of the bleeding land."[99]
-
-When Washington assumed charge of the troops in Cambridge, the Rev.
-Abiel Leonard, the beloved pastor of the First Church at Woodstock,
-preached most acceptably. Washington heard him and became his warm
-friend. Woodstock's importance during the Revolution was considerable.
-One line of stages between Woodstock and New London and another line
-between Woodstock and New Haven and Hartford were established, which
-carried the war news weekly to be distributed through the colony and
-thence taken to New York. During the entire war Woodstock did more
-than her share. While there were many from this town who served the
-patriot cause with glory to themselves and honor to Woodstock, the
-name of Capt., afterwards Gen., Samuel McClellan stands out the most
-illustrious. When the currency of the Continentals had depreciated and
-no funds were forthcoming with which to pay the soldiers, Gen., or more
-exactly Col., McClellan advanced L1,000 from his own private purse to
-pay the men of his regiment. But a memorial of the Revolution in which
-Woodstock may well take the greatest pride is found in the historic
-elm-trees in South Woodstock, planted by the wife of General McClellan
-on receiving the news of the battle of Lexington. All honor to the
-men of Woodstock who fought for and gained their liberties in the
-Revolution, and all honor to their wives, who were equally patriotic at
-home!
-
-In the War of 1812 Woodstock was also ready to do its duty. When Major
-William Flynn, of Woodstock Hill, received the news, one evening just
-after dark, that several British men-of-war were hovering about New
-London, and that it was in danger of attack, he rode horseback about
-the country during the night, to see officers and men and warn them
-to assemble on the Common at noon the next day; but when he returned
-to his home at sunrise he found the Common covered with soldiers
-ready to go to New London immediately. The patriotic spirit always
-characteristic of Woodstock was conspicuous in the War of 1812.
-
-Woodstock was no less patriotic during the Rebellion. When President
-Lincoln called for volunteers to maintain the unity of the country,
-this town did her full share in that struggle. Many of you remember
-attending the funeral of General Nathaniel Lyon, who was killed at
-the beginning of the war and was buried with military honors in our
-neighboring town of Eastford. Though not a native of Woodstock, Gen.
-Lyon was descended from an honored family which has been conspicuous
-in the history of this town from the day of its settlement. But a
-name even more illustrious is that of Gen. George B. McClellan, whose
-grandfather was a native of Woodstock, and whose great-grandfather
-was Gen. Samuel McClellan, and who himself, as a boy, visited the
-town. You saw him beneath these very trees two years ago. You heard
-him speak at that time words of love for Woodstock and words of
-welcome to distinguished strangers. His voice is no longer heard, but
-the name of General McClellan will be remembered as long as the name
-of Woodstock itself shall last. Blessed then be the memory of Gen.
-George B. McClellan! Woodstock will ever cherish his services and the
-services of all its sons who fought for their country in the terrible
-struggle between the North and the South! The graves in the different
-burying-grounds of the town, that you annually decorate with flowers,
-tell more eloquently than words what Woodstock did during the Civil
-War.
-
-
-X.
-
-Woodstock has never been negligent in the cause of education. As soon
-as the settlement became an organized town, John Chandler, Jr., was
-appointed to instruct the children to write and cipher. As the town
-grew in population, it was divided into school districts. In 1739
-was established the United English Library for the Propagation of
-Christianity and Useful Knowledge. Col. John Chandler was the moderator
-at the first meeting, and the Rev. Abel Stiles, John May, Benjamin
-Child, and Pennel Bowen, of Woodstock, and leading citizens of Pomfret
-and Killingly, assisted in the organization.[100] It was Gen. Samuel
-McClellan and his sons John and James McClellan, the Rev. Eliphalet
-Lyman, William Bowen, Parker Comings, Nehemiah Child, Ebenezer Smith,
-William Potter, Hezekiah Bugbee, Benjamin Lyon, Ebenezer Skinner, and
-Amos Paine who established Woodstock Academy, at the beginning of the
-present century, and the influence of that honored institution has been
-deep and far-reaching. But who can measure the good done by Woodstock
-Academy, or by the different churches and other organizations of the
-town? Such institutions are our heritage, and our duty and privilege it
-is to improve their character and transmit them to future generations,
-with the memories and traditions of the town itself.
-
-
-XI.
-
-Citizens of Woodstock, listen while I call the roll of some of the
-distinguished men who have lived or were born in the town. Of the
-first settlers was Col. John Chandler, probably the most distinguished
-citizen that Woodstock had during its first century, the man who made
-Woodstock known and respected throughout New England. His descendants
-include the Rev. Thomas Bradbury Chandler, D.D., Winthrop Chandler, the
-artist, the Hon. John Church Chandler, Judge John Winthrop Chandler,
-and others, who have been prominent in Woodstock and throughout the
-country. No one of the first settlers was more distinguished than
-Edward Morris, who died three years after the town was settled. His
-family was prominent in the history of old Roxbury, and all through
-the last century in Woodstock. Commodore Charles Morris, a native[101]
-of Woodstock and well known in the War of 1812, and his son, Commodore
-George N. Morris, Commander in the Civil War of the United States
-sloop-of-war _Cumberland_ in Hampton Roads, belong to the same family,
-as well as the Hon. J. F. Morris, of Hartford, whom I am sure we are
-glad to welcome as our presiding officer to-day. John Marcy, a first
-settler, was the ancestor of Hon. William Leonard Marcy, Governor
-of the State of New York, Secretary of War under President Polk and
-Secretary of State under President Pierce. Abiel Holmes,[102] D.D.,
-LL.D., author of "Annals of America," and his father, Dr. David Holmes,
-a surgeon in the French and Revolutionary wars, were born in Woodstock,
-and were descended from John Holmes, a first settler. Abiel Holmes'
-son, Oliver Wendell Holmes, though not born in Woodstock, will be
-remembered, I am sure, for the beautiful tribute he paid his ancestors
-in the poem he read in this very park in 1877. The name of Morse has
-always been identified with Woodstock. Deacon Jedediah Morse held about
-all the offices in town that he could lawfully hold, and was deacon
-of the First Church for forty-three years. His son, the Rev. Jedediah
-Morse, D.D., a graduate of Yale College and the father of American
-geography, was also born in Woodstock. His grandson was Prof. Samuel
-F. B. Morse, who was more widely known as the inventor of the electric
-telegraph. Another Woodstock boy was General William Eaton[103] who ran
-away, from home at the age of sixteen to enter the Revolutionary War,
-and was distinguished during the first years of the century as the
-protector of American commerce in the Mediterranean. Amasa Walker, too,
-was born in Woodstock, the father of political economy in this country,
-or better still, the father of Gen. Francis A. Walker, the respected
-President of the School of Technology in Boston. Another honored name
-in Woodstock is that of Williams, including Samuel Williams, Sr., the
-Commissioner of Roxbury in the settlement of New Roxbury, the Rev.
-Stephen Williams, the first pastor of the church at West Parish, and
-Jared W. Williams, the Governor of Vermont and a native of this town.
-Governors, members of Congress, men distinguished in law, theology, and
-medicine, in trade and on the farm, have been born in Woodstock. The
-roll of honor could be multiplied; but in speaking of the distinguished
-men it would be impossible to forget the lessons taught, the struggles
-endured, and the sacrifices made by the mothers of Woodstock, who all
-through these two centuries have inspired their sons with feelings
-that have made them industrious, honored, and religious. Praise be,
-therefore, to the women of Woodstock! This town has the right to be
-proud of such noble sons and daughters, and we have the right to be
-proud that such a town as old Woodstock has nourished us and blessed us
-with such memories and influences.
-
-
-XII.
-
-What has the town done to make us proud of it? It has exerted an
-influence for good upon the country wherever its inhabitants have
-settled. Such settlements have been many. During the early history
-of the plantation, Woodstock men assisted largely in the settlement
-of Ashford, Pomfret, Killingly, and other neighboring towns. As the
-surplus population increased, migrations were made to the wild regions
-of Vermont and New Hampshire. Later came the settlements made by
-Connecticut, in the provinces of New York and Pennsylvania, in which
-Woodstock families were almost without exception represented. At the
-close of the Revolution the wave of emigration extended still farther
-West, and some of the oldest families in Ohio trace their ancestry back
-to this very town. To-day Woodstock has its representatives in almost
-every State in the Union, and the material growth and prosperity of
-the country has been in full measure owing to the settlements made by
-men from towns in New England like Woodstock. The ideas inherited from
-Puritan ancestors and modified according to existing circumstances have
-made towns, cities, even States, in which the whole country to-day
-takes the warmest pride. The man who inherits New England traditions
-from towns like Woodstock is worth more to the country than an army of
-Anarchists and Socialists.
-
-Woodstock is distinguished, too, for its "notable meetings," inherited
-from the Woodstock in England, of which Judge Sewell speaks. The first
-"notable meeting" was when John Eliot preached to the Indians on Plaine
-Hill. The second "notable meeting" was when the first settlers drew
-their home lots in Wabbaquasset Hall. The third "notable meeting"
-was at the funeral of Col. John Chandler in 1743, attended by the
-leading men in the colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. The
-church meetings of the last century, the town meeting when Woodstock
-transferred its allegiance to Connecticut, meetings during the
-Revolution, the old "training days" on Woodstock Common, have been
-followed by no end of "notable meetings" during the present century.
-But the one "notable meeting" that those of us present here to-day have
-in mind, was when Ulysses S. Grant, General of the Army, Savior of the
-Country and President of the United States, visited the town in 1870.
-
-But the chief glory of the town of Woodstock has been its love of local
-law. The source of the power of the continental nations of Europe may
-be traced back through the centuries to the village communities and
-Teutonic townships. In the mark, tithing, and parish of England the
-same principle of local self-government may be seen; and so our own
-nation's greatness, through Anglo-Saxon inheritance, has its source,
-not in the State, city, or county, but in the little school districts,
-villages, and towns of New England. Woodstock has been like a miniature
-republic, and has always believed in the supremacy of local law. Its
-refusal to send its representative to the General Court at Boston
-unless it could tax its own property as it pleased, and the refusal,
-for political reasons, of its delegates at the State Convention in
-1788 to vote for the ratification of the Constitution of the United
-States, are instances of the extreme independence of Woodstock. What
-it conscientiously believed, the town has never been slow to proclaim.
-Tenacious as Woodstock has always been of its privileges and its
-rights, its loyalty to the country, from the day the thirteen colonies
-became a nation, has never been questioned.
-
-
-XIII.
-
-I have given scarce more than a sketch in outline of what the history
-of Woodstock has been during the two hundred years since that historic
-band of brave boys and sturdy men, of deft-handed girls and sober
-matrons, swarmed like bees from the Roxbury hive[104] and settled on
-the Wabbaquasset hills. What Woodstock's history shall be remains for
-you, men and women of Woodstock, to develop. The fathers have kept
-bright the honest traditions and stout independence, the industrious
-thrift and religious faith which their Puritan fathers brought to the
-new settlement. The sons of this generation can be trusted to preserve
-and transmit them to their descendants. You, men of Woodstock, have
-your duties in the family, on the farm, toward your schools, and to
-your churches. All that the fathers have done puts an added obligation
-upon you. The improvement and development of the town depend on the
-individual exertions of its citizens. If you are young, infuse some of
-your own enthusiasm and intelligence into its different organizations.
-If you are old, remember these institutions in a substantial way.
-Woodstock will be what you make it. Michel Angelo saw in the block the
-exquisite unsculptured statue. Many blows of the chisel were necessary
-to disclose the perfect ideal to the eyes of a wondering world. In
-thought, in plan, in ideal, this town has been almost a perfect
-organization; but only those whose high vision is willing to pierce
-through all encrusting imperfections shall be the artists whose toil
-and sacrifices shall make this dear, noble, historic town of Woodstock
-an honor to the State and a blessing to its citizens. It is said that
-old John Eliot, from the high pulpit in Roxbury, used to pray every
-Sabbath for the new settlers at Woodstock. The words of those prayers
-are not preserved, but may the spirit of them come down through the
-centuries to inspire the hearts of all who inherit the blood of the
-early settlers of this ancient town. God, our fathers' God, bless old
-Woodstock!
-
-
-FOOTNOTES:
-
-[1] Also spelt Roxberry, Roxborough, Rocksborough.
-
-[2] July 30, 1630.
-
-[3] Young's "Chronicles of Massachusetts," p. 396.
-
-[4] Winthrop's "Journal," by Savage, vol. i., p. 111.
-
-[5] "Ordained over the First Church, Nov. 5, 1632."--Eliot's tomb in
-Roxbury.
-
-[6] "Memorial History of Boston," vol. i., p. 403.
-
-[7] Though the Williamses did not settle permanently in Woodstock till
-some years after the first settlement, the family was most prominent in
-Roxbury, and one of its representatives visited the grant officially in
-1686.
-
-[8] Drake's "Town of Roxbury" and "Memorial History of Boston," vol.
-i., pp. 401-422.
-
-[9] De Forest's "Indians of Connecticut," and Palfrey's "History of New
-England," and Miss Ellen D. Larned's "History of Windham County."
-
-[10] Also "called the Wabbaquassett and Whetstone country; and
-sometimes the Mohegan conquered country, as Uncas had conquered and
-added it to his sachemdom." Trumbull's "History of Connecticut," vol.
-i., 31.
-
-[11] September.
-
-[12] Winthrop's "Journal," by Savage, vol. i, 132. Palfrey's "Hist. of
-New England," vol. i., 369. The same year (Nov. 1633), "Samuel Hall and
-two other persons travelled westward into the country as far as this
-[Connecticut] river." Holmes' "Annals," vol. i., 220.
-
-[13] Winthrop's "Journal," vol. i., 171.
-
-[14] Possibly some of the Dorchester emigrants, including Henry
-Wolcott, William Phelps, and others, may have passed a little south of
-this line. Dr. McClure's MSS., in the possession of the Connecticut
-Historical Society: "In a conversation with the late aged and
-respectable Capt. Sabin of Pomfret, Ct., he related to me the following
-discovery, viz.: About forty years ago he felled a large and ancient
-yoke about the north line of Pomfret adjoining Woodstock. On cutting
-within some inches of the heart of the tree it was seen to have been
-cut and chipped with some short tool like an axe. Rightly judging that
-at the time when it must have been done the Indians so far inland were
-destitute and ignorant of the use of iron tools, he counted the number
-of the annual circular rings from the said marks to the bark of the
-tree, and found that there were as many rings as the years which had
-intervened from the migration of the Dorchester party to that time.
-Hence 'the probability that they had journeyed along the north border
-of Pomfret, and as they traveled by a compass, the conjecture is
-corroborated by that course being nearly in a direct line from Boston
-to the place of their settlement on the Connecticut River.'"--Stiles'
-"History of Ancient Windsor," p. 26.
-
-[15] "Memorial Hist. of Boston," vol. i., 263.
-
-[16] "Historical Collections of the Indians in New England. By Daniel
-Gookin, Gentleman, Printed from the original manuscript, 1792." See
-"Collections Mass. Hist. Soc.," vol. i., First Series, pp. 190-192.
-
-[17] Wabbaquasset, or Woodstock.
-
-[18] Dudley.
-
-[19] 1674.
-
-[20] Black James was a distinguished Indian. He met Eliot again in
-Cambridge in June of 1681, where a meeting of the claimants of the
-Nipmuck country was held. The village and much of the land of the town
-of Dudley was known years after the settlement of Woodstock as "The
-Land of Black James and Company."--Ammidown's "Historical Collections,"
-vol. i., 406, 461.
-
-[21] Named after "Wabbaquasset Hall," built in the spring or summer of
-1686.
-
-[22] Palfrey's "History of New England," vol. iii., 159.
-
-[23] Mrs. L. H. Sigourney's "Pocahontas."
-
-[24] Feb. 10, 1682.
-
-[25] Ellis' "History of Roxbury Town": "When the people of Roxbury came
-to take up lands, they selected their locations amongst the praying
-Indians or where Indians had been converted to Christianity.... This
-certainly is a sure indication of the steady adherence of his [John
-Eliot's] fellow-townsmen and their belief in the actual benefits of
-his missionary labors."
-
-[26] Oct. 6, 10, and 17.
-
-[27] Joseph Griggs, John Ruggles, and Edward Morris.
-
-[28] Dec. 5, 1683.
-
-[29] "Records of the Governor and Company of Massachusetts Bay in New
-England," vol. v., 426.
-
-[30] Oct. 27, 1684.
-
-[31] Jan. 28th.
-
-[32] "Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in
-New England," vol. v., 468.
-
-[33] Committee appointed May 14, 1686, and reported to Roxbury June
-12th.
-
-[34] Though the name of John Ruggles was on the list of "goers" and a
-house lot was drawn for him, he did not settle in Woodstock. The family
-of Ruggles is prominent among the first settlers in Pomfret.
-
-[35] This Jonathan Peake was the father of Jonathan Peake, Jr., born in
-1663, who came to Woodstock in April of 1687.
-
-[36] Lot 43 was given to Clement Corbin soon after the drawing of home
-lots. The inscription of his rude gravestone reads: "Here lies buried
-the body of Clement Corbin, aged 70, deceast August ye 1st, 1696."
-
-[37] The inscription on this small gravestone in the burying-ground on
-Woodstock Hill is read with difficulty and is as follows: "Here lies
-buried ye body of Lieu. Edward Morris, deceas'd September 14, 1689."
-
-Many of the first settlers now have no stones to mark their graves, and
-perhaps never had.
-
-[38] At that time twenty-four years old.
-
-[39] MSS. of Deacon Jedediah Morse, in the possession of Henry T.
-Child, of Woodstock.
-
-[40] Windsor was first called Dorchester and Hartford was first called
-Newtown.
-
-[41] Born in England, son of Henry Sewell of Rowley, Mass., and
-grandson of Henry Sewell, mayor of Coventry, England. In 1684, he
-became an Assistant.
-
-[42] Memorial "History of Boston," vol. i., 210, 540.
-
-[43] Hildreth's "History of the United States," vol. ii., 130.
-Trumbull's "History of Connecticut," vol. i., 401, 402. Palfrey's
-"Hist. of New England," vol. iv., 46. Holmes' "Annals of America," vol.
-i., 430, 431. Bancroft's "Hist. of the U. S.," vol. iii., 183.
-
-[44] "Collections of the Mass. Hist. Soc.," vol. v., Fifth Series, p.
-315, foot-note. Palfrey's "Hist, of N. E.," vol. iv., 48, foot-note,
-and appendix. The other six members of the Committee were Simon
-Bradstreet (Governor), Sir William Phips (Governor, 1692-95), Maj. Gen.
-Wait Winthrop, Maj. Elisha Hutchinson, Col. Samuel Shrimpton, and Maj.
-John Richards.
-
-[45] Thomas Gilbert, D.D., of Oxford University, author of "Carmen
-Congratulatorum." Judge Sewell visited him in England, and was shown
-by Dr. Gilbert the Bodleian Library, "a very magnificent Thing." See
-Sewell papers: Fifth Series, Mass. Hist. Soc. Collection, vols, v.,
-vi., vii. We may be allowed to suppose that Dr. Gilbert took Judge
-Sewell to Woodstock, only eight miles from Oxford University, where
-the latter perhaps was impressed for the first time with the name and
-historical associations of Woodstock.
-
-[46] Capt. Ruggles of Roxbury, who died Aug. 15, 1692, of whom Sewell
-says, in his Diary, Aug. 16th: "Capt. Ruggles also buried this day,
-died last night, but could not be kept."
-
-[47] Proceedings of Mass. Hist. Soc. for Feb., 1873, p. 399.
-
-[48] Rev. Mr. Dwight, of Woodstock, dined with him Aug. 24, 1718,
-and made a prayer at his court Nov. 7, 1718. Also see Diary, Jan. 2,
-1724: "Paid Mr. Josiah Dwight of Woodstock in full, of his demands for
-boarding Madam Usher there about six or seven weeks in the year 1718,
-L2-11." John Acquittimaug, of Woodstock, an Indian, who lived to be
-one hundred and fourteen years old, was entertained by Judge Sewell
-in 1723. _Boston News-Letter_, Aug. 29, 1723. The wills of Woodstock
-people were proved before "the Honorable Samuel Sewell, Judge of
-Probate." MSS. of Martin Paine of South Woodstock.
-
-[49] Paraclete Skinner, of Woodstock, who remembers the second
-meeting-house that was taken down in 1821, says that that structure
-never had a bell.
-
-[50] While in custody at Woodstock, Queen Elizabeth, according to the
-chronicler, Raphael Holinshed, wrote with a diamond on a pane of glass
-in her room these words:
-
-"Much suspected--of me Nothing proved can be, Quoth Elizabeth, prisoner."
-
-
-[51] Sir Walter Scott's novel of "Woodstock."
-
-[52] The last time that the name of New Roxbury, as applied to the name
-of the whole town, appears in the Proprietors' Records of Woodstock is
-March 18, 1689. The first time the name of Woodstock appears is May 26,
-1690: Woodstock Records.
-
-[53] 1691.
-
-[54] March.
-
-[55] Town meeting November 27th and 28th.
-
-[56] Woodstock, at this time, was under the restrictions of frontier
-towns. It was called a "frontier town" in 1695.--Mass. Hist. Society
-Proceedings, 1871-1873, p. 395.
-
-[57] December 28th.
-
-[58] Lincoln's "History of Worcester County."
-
-[59] Sept. 7th.
-
-[60] Manuscript Records of Second Precinct of Woodstock, or Parish
-of New Roxbury, in the possession of G. Clinton Williams, of West
-Woodstock.
-
-[61] May 16th.
-
-[62] Petition to town Nov. 2, 1736.
-
-[63] July, 1737.
-
-[64] 1739.
-
-[65] Oct. 2, 1741.
-
-[66] April, 1742.
-
-[67] Letter of Aug., 1742, to selectmen.
-
-[68] Nov. 18, 1742.
-
-[69] Sept. 14th.
-
-[70] In the school-house Sept. 27th.
-
-[71] Line dividing East and West Parishes approved by General Assembly
-of Connecticut in 1753, and name of New Roxbury approved in 1754.
-
-[72] The old First Church. See Records of First and Third
-Congregational Churches, and Miss Larned's "History of Windham County."
-
-[73] July 27th.
-
-[74] Class of 1733.
-
-[75] He was the son of John Stiles, who belonged to one of the oldest
-families of Windsor, and was the brother of Rev. Isaac Stiles, a
-graduate of Yale College in the class of 1722, and was uncle of Ezra
-Stiles, President of Yale College. President Stiles often visited
-Woodstock after his uncle had settled at Muddy Brook, now called East
-Woodstock.
-
-[76] Oct., 1761.
-
-[77] July 25th, at the age of 74.
-
-[78] Class of 1759.
-
-[79] Killingly.
-
-[80] Vote of First Church passed Dec. 8, 1766.
-
-[81] Letter dated Cambridge, March 24, 1776.
-
-[82] Class of 1776.
-
-[83] Hutchinson's "History of Massachusetts," vol. iii., 6-8; vol. ii.,
-363-396.
-
-[84] July 28, 1749.
-
-[85] Woodstock speaks of Massachusetts' repeated claims in a memorial
-to Conn. Gen. Assembly, May 2, 1771.
-
-[86] Gen. Putnam was much interested in this project. A meeting to
-promote the idea was held at his house in Pomfret, Feb. 11, 1771. The
-State again refused the application for a new county, when Pomfret
-applied in 1786 for a new county, "with Pomfret for shire-town."
-
-[87] Captain Johnson was the father of Nathaniel Johnson, and
-father-in-law of Lieutenant Henry Bowen, both first settlers of
-Woodstock.
-
-[88] "The Chandler Family," by Dr. George Chandler.
-
-[89] England declared war against France March 31st.
-
-[90] Seven hundred men from Massachusetts, of which Woodstock was then
-a part, were impressed for this service.
-
-[91] Lieut.-Col. Thomas Chandler was the son of Col. John Chandler,
-and was Woodstock's first representative to the General Assembly of
-Connecticut. Ante p. 44.
-
-[92] The forces were furnished by New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and
-Connecticut, and amounted to 4,070.
-
-[93] October 7th.
-
-[94] Fight at "Charlestown, No. 4," New Hampshire, May 2, 1748, in
-which Peter Perrin and Aaron Lyon, of Woodstock, were killed.
-
-[95] Or the Seven Years' War (1753-1760).
-
-[96] At town meeting, June 21, 1774.
-
-[97] Miss Ellen D. Larned's "History of Windham County."
-
-[98] There is no evidence to prove the reiterated statement that one
-hundred and eighty-nine Woodstock men fought at the battle of Bunker
-Hill. This number was stationed at Cambridge, and some of them may have
-been at Bunker Hill.
-
-[99] Oliver Wendell Holmes at Roseland Park, July 4, 1877.
-
-[100] Rev. Abel Styles subscribed the largest sum, L30. He was fond of
-_belles-lettres_, and in a communication to his church, speaks of "his
-beloved studies." Under his inspiration and instruction, Woodstock and
-Pomfret young men entered Yale College.
-
-[101] 1784-1856.
-
-[102] 1763-1837.
-
-[103] 1764-1804.
-
-[104] Cotton Mather: "Massachusetts soon became like a hive overstocked
-with bees, and many thought of swarming into new plantations."
-
-
-INDEX.
-
-
-
-  Academy, Establishment of, 53
-
-  Annexation to Connecticut in 1749, 44
-
-
-  Bacon, Thomas, 26
-
-  Black, James, 17
-
-  Bowen, Lieut. Henry, 26
-
-
-  Chandler, Captain John, 34
-
-  ---- Charles Church, 48
-
-  ---- Col. John, 55
-
-  ---- Col. Thomas, 47
-
-  ---- Hon. John Church, 55
-
-  ---- Judge John Winthrop, 55
-
-  ---- Rev. Thos. Bradbury, D.D., 55
-
-  ---- Winthrop, 55
-
-  Characteristics of the place and people, 58
-
-  Child, Captain Benjamin, 49
-
-  ---- Captain Elisha, 48, 49
-
-  ---- Lieut. Josiah, 49
-
-  ---- Nathaniel, 48
-
-  Church, First built 1694, 32
-
-  ---- Fourth Congregational, established 1767, 40
-
-  ---- Third Congregational, established 1760, 40
-
-  Churches, History of, 36
-
-  Connecticut, First members to General Assembly of, 44
-
-  "Connecticut Park," 13
-
-  Court, Establishment of, among Indians, 17
-
-  Cradock, Governor, 14
-
-  Curtis, John, 21
-
-
-  Distinguished men of Woodstock, 55
-
-  Dudley, Joseph, 20
-
-  ---- Thomas, Letter of, to Countess of Lincoln, March 12, 1630-1, 8
-
-  Dwight, Rev. Josiah, first minister, installed October 17, 1690, 32
-
-
-  Eaton, General William, 56
-
-  Education, progress of, 53
-
-  Eliot's visit to Woodstock, Narrative of, by Gookin, 15
-
-
-  Families represented in French and Indian War, 47
-
-  Fines imposed for non-attendance at town meeting, 33
-
-  Fox, Jabez, 49
-
-  ---- John, 49
-
-  French and Indian War, Woodstock families represented in, 47
-
-  Frizzel, William, 49
-
-  Frontier service, Twenty men impressed for, 1724, 46
-
-
-  General Court, First, in America, Boston, September 28, 1630, 9
-
-  Gookin, Major Daniel, magistrate of all Indian towns, 1656, 14
-
-  Grant, General U. S., Visit of, to Woodstock, 59
-
-  Gravestone of Edward Morris (oldest in county--1689), 25
-
-
-  Holmes, Abiel, 56
-
-  ---- Doctor David, 56
-
-  ---- Oliver Wendell, 56
-
-  Home lots, Drawing lots for, 23
-
-
-  Indian church, First, in America, established by Eliot at Natick
-    in 1651, 14
-
-  Indians, Religious instruction of, in 1629, 14
-
-  ---- Troubles with, 33
-
-
-  King Philip's war, Consequences of, 18
-
-
-  Leonard, Rev. Abiel, installed pastor, 1763, 40
-
-  ---- ---- appointed chaplain of Third Regiment of Connecticut, 41
-
-  ---- ---- death of, 41
-
-  Longevity of some of the present inhabitants, 26
-
-  Lots drawn for home lots, 23
-
-  Lyman, Rev. Eliphalet, ordained in 1779, 42
-
-  ---- "Old Priest," 42
-
-  Lyon, Captain Daniel, 49
-
-  ---- Stephen, 49
-
-
-  McClellan, Captain Samuel, 48, 49
-
-  ---- Gen. Geo. B., 51
-
-  Manning, Ephraim, 49
-
-  Marcy, Captain Nathaniel, 49
-
-  ---- Hon. Wm. Leonard, 56
-
-  ---- John, 56
-
-  Massachusetts Bay, first organized settlement on, 8
-
-  "Middlesex Gore," 45
-
-  Military renown of men of Woodstock, 46
-
-  Minister, appointment of first, 32
-
-  Morris, Asa, 49
-
-  ---- Commodore Charles, 55
-
-  ---- George N., 55
-
-  ---- Edward, 21
-
-  ---- Hon. J. F., 56
-
-  Morse, Jedediah, 48, 56
-
-  ---- Rev. Jedediah, D.D., 56
-
-  ---- Samuel F. B., 56
-
-  ---- Sarah, 26
-
-
-  Nipmuck country, Derivation of name, 12
-
-  ---- Description of, 12
-
-  ---- Desertion of, after King Philip's war, 18
-
-  ---- Purchase of, from Indians, 20
-
-  "Notable Meeting," 59
-
-
-  Oldman, John, 12
-
-  "Old Thirteen," Names of, 23
-
-
-  Perry, Saml., 49
-
-  Praying Villages, 14
-
-  Pulpit Rock, 18
-
-  Putnam, Capt. Israel, 47
-
-  Pynchon, William, 10
-
-
-  Quinnatisset, 15
-
-
-  Rebellion, Services of Woodstock, men in, 51
-
-  Refusal to send representatives to General Court at Boston, 60
-
-  Religious services among Indians, Description of, 15
-
-  Revolution, Company of one hundred and eighty-nine men formed
-    for service in, 48
-
-  ---- Service rendered by town during the, 47
-
-  Roxbury--Deputies sent to Boston Assembly, 1634, 9
-
-  ---- Early settlers' names, 10
-
-  ---- Eliot, Rev. John, pastor of First Church, established 1632, 10
-
-  ---- First settlers, where from, 9
-
-  ---- Founders' names, 10
-
-  ---- Prominent in organizing settlement of Woodstock, 11
-
-  ---- Settlement of, Sept. 28, 1630, 9
-
-  Ruggles, John, 21
-
-  ---- Samuel, 21
-
-
-  Sampson, Indian teacher at Wabquissit, 15
-
-  School-house built 1733, 37
-
-  Selectmen, Names of first, 33
-
-  ---- Names of first, chosen by New Roxbury, 27
-
-  Settlement, Arrangements for, 21
-
-  ---- Committee appointed to find place suitable for, 21
-
-  ---- Name of, changed from New Roxbury to Woodstock, 28
-
-  ---- of other towns by Woodstock men, 58
-
-  ---- Petition for land for, 1683, 21
-
-  ---- Time granted for, 21
-
-  ---- ---- extended, 22
-
-  Settlers, Ages of first, 25
-
-  ---- Descendants of, now in town, 26
-
-  ---- Enterprise of, 27
-
-  ---- First death among, 25
-
-  ---- Names of first, 24
-
-  ---- Original thirteen, 23
-
-  Sewell, Capt. Samuel, 29
-
-  ---- ---- Extract from diary of, 30
-
-  Skinner, Paraclete, 26
-
-  Stages, Lines of, established between Woodstock and New London
-    and New Haven, 50
-
-  Stiles, Rev. Abel S., 39
-
-  Stoughton, Wm., 20
-
-
-  Throop, Rev. Amos, 36
-
-  Trees planted by wife of General McClellan, 50
-
-
-  Wabbaquasset, 12
-
-  Wabquissit, 16
-
-  Walker, Amasa, 57
-
-  ---- Gen. Francis A., 57
-
-  War of 1812, Woodstock men in, 51
-
-  West Parish of Woodstock, incorporated 1743, 38
-
-  ---- called New Roxbury, 38
-
-  Williams, Jared W., 57
-
-  ---- Rev. Stephen, 38, 57
-
-  ---- Samuel, Sr., 57
-
-  Women of Woodstock, 57
-
-  Woodstock Hill, 13
-
-  Worcester County formed, 1731, 35
-
-
-
-Transcriber's note:
-
-Unusual spelling is as in the original.
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Woodstock, by Clarence Winthrop Bowen
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