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diff --git a/43657-h/43657-h.htm b/43657-h/43657-h.htm index 263b362..0f03216 100644 --- a/43657-h/43657-h.htm +++ b/43657-h/43657-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of The College, The Market, and The Court, by Caroline H. Dall. @@ -257,46 +257,7 @@ ins { </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The College, the Market, and the Court, by -Caroline H. Dall - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: The College, the Market, and the Court - or, Woman's relation to education, labor and law - -Author: Caroline H. Dall - -Release Date: September 6, 2013 [EBook #43657] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE COLLEGE, THE MARKET, AND *** - - - - -Produced by Barbara Tozier, Jane Robins, Bill Tozier and -the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43657 ***</div> <div id="title"> @@ -671,7 +632,7 @@ most valuable when followed out. The story of the young straw-braider was drawn from its pages; and, disappointed in the arrival of original material from Paris, long expected, I have been compelled to depend -upon it largely for my sketch of Félicie de Fauveau. +upon it largely for my sketch of Félicie de Fauveau. To one of its editors, Miss B.R. Parkes, and to Madame Bodichon in London, as well as to the Rev. Mr. Higginson, I am under pleasant private obligations. @@ -853,7 +814,7 @@ something like an explanation.</p> <p>A few days before the third of these lectures was delivered in Boston (that is, before Jan. 23, 1861), a gentleman from Paris brought me from Madame -d'Héricourt a book called "La Femme Affranchie," +d'Héricourt a book called "La Femme Affranchie," an answer to Michelet, Proudhon, Girardin, and Comte, which its author kindly desired I should translate for the American market. Unable to comply @@ -985,7 +946,7 @@ attained. Kapnist and the Normal School. Low Wages. An Illustration. The Social Position of the Teacher. The Spirit of Caste. Increase of Salaries. Is it Real or Nominal? What is the Standard of Education? Niebuhr to Madame Hensler. Cousin and -Madame de Sablé. Examples of To-day do not Cheer. Opinion +Madame de Sablé. Examples of To-day do not Cheer. Opinion of the Druses. Charles Lamb on Letitia Landon. Coventry Patmore. Mrs. Jameson on the English Deficiency. Standard of Italy. 500,000 Women in England. Dr. Gooch's Appeal. Opposition @@ -1045,7 +1006,7 @@ to pass Judgment. Mr. Day and Maria Edgeworth. Lady Morgan. Always True to Freedom. Harriet Martineau. Thorough Work. Mrs. Jameson. Her Bravery and Truth. Woman's Rights Testimony. Mrs. Gaskell. Fredrika Bremer. The -Brownings. "Aurora Leigh." Charlotte Bronté. "I Care for +Brownings. "Aurora Leigh." Charlotte Bronté. "I Care for Myself." Our Abdiel. Margaret Fuller as a Person. "Woman in the Nineteenth Century." "Truth-teller and Truth-compeller." Rebuke to Harriet Martineau. Emerson's Misapprehension. Florence @@ -1073,7 +1034,7 @@ DEATH OR DISHONOR.</h4> History. Statement of Subject. Death or Dishonor the Practical Question. An Honorable Independence the Way of Safety. The Forcing Pump and Siphon. Women must Work for Pay. Success -the Best Argument. Competition in Rural Districts. Duchâtelet. +the Best Argument. Competition in Rural Districts. Duchâtelet. Miss Craig. "Edinburgh Review." Dressmakers and Sir James Clarke. Lace-makers. Manchester Mantle-maker. 7,850 Ruined<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxviii" id="Page_xxviii">[xxviii]</a></span> Women in New York. Society Responsible for this Evil. Governesses. @@ -1118,11 +1079,11 @@ Waltham Watch Factory. Dentists. School Committees. Postmistresses. Olive Rose. Semi-professions and Artists. Shoe-making in Lynn. Condition of the Poor dependent on the Action of the Rich. Happy Homes the Growth of Active Lives. The -Pine and Ænemone. Emily Plater. "Verify your Credentials." +Pine and Ænemone. Emily Plater. "Verify your Credentials." Encouragement from Men; Faithfulness from Women. The Sorbonne. Madame Sirault. That Career fated which Woman may not share. Influence of the Sexes on each other. Baron Toermer -and Félicie de Fauveau.<br /> +and Félicie de Fauveau.<br /> <span style="margin-left: 3em;"><a href="#Page_178"><b>pp. 178-220.</b></a></span></p></blockquote> </div> @@ -1171,7 +1132,7 @@ THE ORIENTAL ESTIMATE AND THE FRENCH LAW.</h4> <blockquote><p class="p3">The Seat of the Law the Bosom of God? Of what Law? Legal Restrictions constantly Outgrown. The Laws which relate to Woman. Vishnu Sarma: the Hindoo Wife must use the Dialect -of the Slave. Ancient Chinese Writer. Köhl on Turkish Husbands. +of the Slave. Ancient Chinese Writer. Köhl on Turkish Husbands. Convent to lock up Ladies. The Island of Cœlebes. The Garrows in the North-east of India. The Muhar. Military Tribe of Nairs in Malabar. Later Proverbs; used by the Satirists. The @@ -1188,7 +1149,7 @@ rejected throughout Europe. Protection means Subordination. As a "Public Merchant," Woman becomes a French Citizen. Position contradictory: not allowed to rule the Household, which is called her Sphere. Civil Position. No Right of Promotion. -Laws of Louisiana. Estimate of Woman under the "Code Napoléon:" +Laws of Louisiana. Estimate of Woman under the "Code Napoléon:" tends to lower her Wages. List of Employments. The Needle-women of Paris.<br /> <span style="margin-left: 3em;"><a href="#Page_263"><b>pp. 263-286.</b></a></span></p></blockquote> @@ -1207,7 +1168,7 @@ and Lady Packington. Sheriff of Westmoreland. Lady Rous. Henry VIII. and Lady Anne Berkeley. As Constable, and Overseer of the Poor. Female Voter in Nova Scotia. Law relating to Seduction: its Profanity. The French Law, as summed up by -Legouvé. Woman's Opinion of this Law. Objections. Laws +Legouvé. Woman's Opinion of this Law. Objections. Laws concerning Married Women. Impossibility of Divorce, from Hopeless Insanity. Instances where <em>Men</em> have taken the Law into their own Hands. Impossibility of Woman's ever doing this. Marriage @@ -1331,7 +1292,7 @@ New-England Hospital.<br /> </div> <div class="content"> -<blockquote><p class="p3"><span class="smcap">Pulpit.</span>—Amélie von Braum. Mamsell Berg. Rev. Olympia Brown. +<blockquote><p class="p3"><span class="smcap">Pulpit.</span>—Amélie von Braum. Mamsell Berg. Rev. Olympia Brown. Mrs. Jenkins. Mrs. Booth. Mrs. Timmins. Ann Rexford. Nancy Gove Cram. Abigail H. Roberts. Mrs. Hedges. The Church at Amsterdam, and its Deaconesses. Resolution at Syracuse. @@ -1383,7 +1344,7 @@ Italian Law. The Hungarian Diet.<br /> </div> <div class="content"> -<blockquote><p class="p3"><span class="smcap">Civil Progress</span>.—Australia. Moravia. Dublin. Aisne. Bergères. +<blockquote><p class="p3"><span class="smcap">Civil Progress</span>.—Australia. Moravia. Dublin. Aisne. Bergères. Need of a Newspaper.<br /> <span style="margin-left: 3em;"><a href="#Page_486"><b>pp. 486-488.</b></a></span></p></blockquote> </div> @@ -1904,8 +1865,8 @@ in language would be certain of good pay in our high schools. For the most part, women prefer to devote themselves to mathematics. I used to say, with a smile, in the Western States, that all the women -could read the "Mécanique Céleste;" but they found -Cæsar and Télémaque equally uninteresting. Later, +could read the "Mécanique Céleste;" but they found +Cæsar and Télémaque equally uninteresting. Later, Colonel Higginson bears witness to the impossibility of getting good classical teachers.</p> @@ -1940,7 +1901,7 @@ therefore, during eighty years,—between 1660 and it began."</p> <p>Passing over to France, we encounter the reputation -of Madame de Sablé; a woman, let me remark, +of Madame de Sablé; a woman, let me remark, for the benefit of those who are afraid that the march of education will deprive them of their dinners, as celebrated for her exquisite cooking and delicate @@ -1956,7 +1917,7 @@ turn into a great writer." He is speaking of the early part of the seventeenth century; and, in spite of the notorious dissipation of the period, many gifted and many virtuous women crowded her <em>salon</em>,—the -Princess Palatine, the Princesses of Condé, de Conti, +Princess Palatine, the Princesses of Condé, de Conti, de Longueville, and Schomberg, Anna de Rohan, and Mademoiselle herself. There the gentlemen carried the pages they wrote at home, and not only bore with, @@ -2060,7 +2021,7 @@ Tambroni or Laura Veratti.<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href=" <p>There was no institution in England for the proper training of sick nurses, when Florence Nightingale -went to Kaiserworth, a small town near Düsseldorf, +went to Kaiserworth, a small town near Düsseldorf, on the Rhine, to prepare herself to take charge of the Female Sanitorium. In Great Britain, at this moment, the excess of the female population over the @@ -2529,7 +2490,7 @@ rejoicings of parents and children. It was seven months before the government contrived to put the school on a better foundation. During this time, her pupils constantly increased, and she was put to the -greatest straits to keep it together. The Curé of +greatest straits to keep it together. The Curé of Algiers gave her a little money and a great deal of sympathy. The Count Guyot, high in office, helped her from his own purse. When she was entirely<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> @@ -2579,7 +2540,7 @@ The preponderance of this idea in these examples distinguishes them above women of the past, whether German <em>exaltadas</em>, brilliant adventurers amid the perils of the Froude, or witty loiterers in the -<em>salon</em> of Madame de Sablé.</p> +<em>salon</em> of Madame de Sablé.</p> <p>La Rochefoucauld, who was proud of Mademoiselle and her princesses, would only have sneered at @@ -2872,7 +2833,7 @@ cannot beg or buy a newspaper, with its story by some "Sylvanus Cobb."</p> <p>From the first splash of the Atlantic on a Massachusetts -beach to the farthest cañon which the +beach to the farthest cañon which the weary footsteps of the Mormon women at this moment press; from the shell-bound coast of Florida, hung with garlands of orange and lime, to the cold, @@ -2917,7 +2878,7 @@ the classics. Until very lately, there were no proper helps to the study of Egyptian, Greek, or Roman mythology. It was studied by the letter, and made to have more or less meaning, according to the teacher -who interpreted it. Lemprière had no room for moral +who interpreted it. Lemprière had no room for moral deductions or symbolic indications; his columns read like a criminal report in the "New-York Herald." The Egyptian mythology was, doubtless, an older off-shoot @@ -2929,7 +2890,7 @@ most revolting stamp. The Greek classics, so far as I know them, present a singular mixture of influences; but, where woman is concerned, the lowest certainly preponderate. We should be sorry to lose -Homer and Æschylus, Herodotus, Thucydides, and +Homer and Æschylus, Herodotus, Thucydides, and Xenophon, from our library; but of how many poets and dramatists, from the few fragments of Pindar and Anacreon down through the tragic poets,—down, @@ -2949,7 +2910,7 @@ experience. Transported by a fair ideal, Plato asks, in his "Republic," "Should not this sex, which we condemn to obscure duties, be destined to functions the most noble and elevated?" But it was only to take -back the words in his "Timæus," and in the midst of +back the words in his "Timæus," and in the midst of a society that refused to let the wife sit at table with the husband, and whose young wives were not "tame" enough to speak to their husbands, if we may believe @@ -3006,7 +2967,7 @@ yet how are their white robes stained!</p> <span class="i0">A poor forsaken virgin who would deign</span><br /> <span class="i0">To take in marriage? Who would wish for sons</span><br /> <span class="i0">From one so wretched? Better, then, to die</span><br /> - <span class="i0">Than bear such undeservèd miseries!"</span><br /> + <span class="i0">Than bear such undeservèd miseries!"</span><br /> </div> </div> </div> @@ -3116,7 +3077,7 @@ sceptical sufferings are traceable to this source. I well remember what reflections arose in my childish mind from a comparison of the Hebrew history, where every moral obliquity is shown out with such -<i xml:lang="fr">naïveté</i>, and the Greek history, full of sparkling deeds +<i xml:lang="fr">naïveté</i>, and the Greek history, full of sparkling deeds and brilliant sayings, and their gods and goddesses, the types of beauty and power, with the dazzling veil of flowery language and poetical imagery cast over @@ -3152,7 +3113,7 @@ all the wide-spread heresies in regard to human nature: if we had but time to look at it, we might say Calvinism among the rest.</p> -<p>The views of women are still lower. Cæsar and +<p>The views of women are still lower. Cæsar and Cicero may be abstract nullities to our young student; but what can he learn from Ovid? It is not delicate to name the "Art of Love." In simple, honest truth, @@ -3178,7 +3139,7 @@ by it. These things are not without their influence. Above all, low images, witty slang, and sharp satire, have force beyond their own, when slowly studied out by the help of the lexicon. The women to whom I -speak know this very well. They know that the Molière, +speak know this very well. They know that the Molière, the Dante, the Schiller, studied at school, are never forgotten. They smile to hear men call them hard to read: for them they glow with clear and significant @@ -3527,7 +3488,7 @@ but feel that the step is not so very long from that time and country to this, and wonder at the folly which still refuses to trust the laws of God to a natural development. It is mortifying, too, to listen to -the silly rhapsodies of Madame de Staël. "Though +the silly rhapsodies of Madame de Staël. "Though Rousseau has endeavored," she says, "to prevent women from interfering in public affairs, and acting a brilliant part in political life, yet, in speaking of @@ -3548,7 +3509,7 @@ all the difference between the butterfly and the seraph, between the imprisoned nun and Longfellow's sweet St. Philomel. When we read these words, we thank Margaret Fuller for the very criticism which once -moved a girlish ire. "De Staël's name," she wrote, +moved a girlish ire. "De Staël's name," she wrote, "was not clear of offence; she could not forget the woman in the thought. Sentimental tears often dimmed her eagle glance." What a grateful contrast @@ -3583,7 +3544,7 @@ woman now. No: and therefore is it somewhat sad, that, in Tennyson's new Idyll, he must recreate this ideal in the Enid of Geraint; and that, out of four pictures of womanly love, only one seems human and -natural, and that, the guilty love of Guinevère. The +natural, and that, the guilty love of Guinevère. The recently awakened interest in the position of woman is flooding the country with books relating to her and her sphere. They have, their <em>very titles</em> have, an immense @@ -3600,7 +3561,7 @@ Joanna Southcote, the English prophetess.<br /> Jemima Wilkinson, the American prophetess.<br /> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span> Madame Ursinus, the poisoner.<br /> -Madame Göttfried, the poisoner.<br /> +Madame Göttfried, the poisoner.<br /> Mademoiselle Clairon, the actress.<br /> Harriet Mellon, the actress.<br /> Madame Lenormand, the fortune-teller.<br /> @@ -3617,13 +3578,13 @@ at least who in this country would owe all their celebrity to the police court; and this while history pants to be delivered of noble lives not known at all, like the women of the House of Montefeltro, or little -known, like the pure and heroic wife of Condé, Clemence -de Maillé. And by what black art, let us ask, +known, like the pure and heroic wife of Condé, Clemence +de Maillé. And by what black art, let us ask, are such names as Beatrice, and Charlotte Corday, sweet Joan of Arc, and dear Angelica Kauffman, a noble woman, whose happiness was wrecked upon a fiendish jest, juggled into this list? As well might -you put Brutus who killed great Cæsar, and Lucretia +you put Brutus who killed great Cæsar, and Lucretia of spotless fame, and Andrea del Sarto who loved a faithless wife, into the same category. Such association, however false, helps to educate the popular @@ -4413,7 +4374,7 @@ which controls us.</p> <p>In the second place, Godwin's short Life of her has been long out of print, and has now become very -rare; and I have not been able to find a single encyclopædia +rare; and I have not been able to find a single encyclopædia or biographical dictionary which gives the facts correctly. Turn to them, and you will find that Mary Wollstonecraft had a criminal but fruitless attachment<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span> @@ -4589,7 +4550,7 @@ what she would. She chose to remain faithful to unpopular opinions. After her marriage to Sir Charles Morgan, they went, for economical reasons, to the Continent, where they eventually spent many years. -In France, Lafayette, Ségur, Dénon, and L'Aguisseau +In France, Lafayette, Ségur, Dénon, and L'Aguisseau were her intimate friends; and in the <em>salon</em> of the Princess de Salm she was always a welcome guest. In Germany, Flanders, and Italy, not only the liberal @@ -4619,7 +4580,7 @@ warmth of an Irish, it was given to the world. The first two volumes of her "History of Woman" do not touch a period of universal interest; but, had she been able to complete the work, it would have exhausted -the subject. In the Béguine, she says: "Women +the subject. In the Béguine, she says: "Women meddle with politics as well as tent-stitch, and, like Madame de Maintenon, bring their work-bags to the Privy Council, and direct the affairs of Europe while @@ -4705,7 +4666,7 @@ woman nursing a sick soldier. I have seen men—ay, and women too—who deem it a matter of course that our streets should be haunted by contagious vice, disgusted at the idea of women turning apothecaries -and <i xml:lang="fr">hôpitalières</i>. And, worse than all, I have heard +and <i xml:lang="fr">hôpitalières</i>. And, worse than all, I have heard men—and women too—who acknowledge the gospel of Christ, who call themselves by his name, who believe in his mission of mercy, disputing about the @@ -4743,7 +4704,7 @@ disseminate liberal ideas as to their needs and culture. The first part of her career was one of those brilliant successes which startle us into surprise and admiration. It was checked midway by the publication of -her life of Charlotte Bronté, the best and noblest of +her life of Charlotte Bronté, the best and noblest of her works. Checked, because condemned in that instance without a hearing, she could never afterwards feel the elastic pleasure which was natural to @@ -4909,7 +4870,7 @@ say,—</p> Can I utter without trembling the two names which sit upon the thrones of female power in the Old World and the New? I mean Charlotte -Bronté and Margaret Fuller. I wish I could confer a +Bronté and Margaret Fuller. I wish I could confer a proper emphasis upon my words, when I say that the publication of "Jane Eyre" formed the chief era in the literature of women since that literature began. @@ -5002,7 +4963,7 @@ a noble living. Read them, that you may learn how to cheer the world with what is natural and dignified, to do your Master's work, regardless of narrow criticism or still disdain. The host of imitators who -stand about Charlotte Bronté's still-open grave are the +stand about Charlotte Bronté's still-open grave are the best tribute to the power that went out from her,—a power tempered by the sweetest personal graces, by a housekeeping delicate and pure and tasteful, which @@ -5024,7 +4985,7 @@ women who were known as "Margaret's friends."</p> <p>Her "Woman in the Nineteenth Century" is a scholarly, refined, and noble plea for the freedom of her sex. In point of ability, no book can be named -with it, if we except that of Madame d'Héricourt.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span> +with it, if we except that of Madame d'Héricourt.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span> It has an advantage over that of Mary Wollstonecraft, in being, so far as the author could make it, a <em>complete</em> statement; but it is written so much more @@ -5211,7 +5172,7 @@ in loving beauty by a wife's and mother's experience, she might have come home the woman she had often made us dream of. We see the shadow of it all in that little picture which once hung on the -walls of the Boston Athenæum; and, God willing, +walls of the Boston Athenæum; and, God willing, we shall yet encounter the glad reality beyond the reach of tempests, beyond the need of wreck, lifted into true deserving of so great a privilege on the @@ -5433,7 +5394,7 @@ found the light of day, without the pompous recommendations of institutions, or the forced encouragement of a clique. There is no limit to womanly attainment, other than the force of womanly desire. -Bihéron, destined to become an anatomist, becomes +Bihéron, destined to become an anatomist, becomes one, whether the college of dissectors smile or frown. Wittembach, versed alike in the mysteries of ancient tongues and modern physics, becomes the counsellor @@ -5450,7 +5411,7 @@ own tender regard to the needs of others, and a desire,<span class="pagenum"><a through every possible self-sacrifice, to make the common road easier, and turn recreant public opinion to its proper vent. Let a neatness as exquisite, as womanly -and as polished as that of Charlotte Bronté, pervade +and as polished as that of Charlotte Bronté, pervade not only our homes, but consecrate our own personal appearance; then may we safely wear the livery of schools. It may be double-dyed in indigo; yet, with @@ -5497,7 +5458,7 @@ a public opinion without reproach.</p> <div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> <span class="i4">"If I speak untenderly,</span><br /> - <span class="i0">This evening, my belovèd, pardon it;</span><br /> + <span class="i0">This evening, my belovèd, pardon it;</span><br /> <span class="i0">And comprehend me, that I loved you so,</span><br /> <span class="i0">I set you on the level of my soul,</span><br /> <span class="i0">And overwashed you with the bitter brine</span><br /> @@ -5506,7 +5467,7 @@ a public opinion without reproach.</p> <div class="stanza"> <span class="i0">"Alas! long-suffering and most patient God,</span><br /> <span class="i0">Thou need'st be surelier God to bear with us,</span><br /> - <span class="i0">Than even to have made us! Belovèd, let us love so well,</span><br /> + <span class="i0">Than even to have made us! Belovèd, let us love so well,</span><br /> <span class="i0">Our works shall still be better for our love,</span><br /> <span class="i0">And still our love be sweeter for our work!"</span><br /> </div> @@ -5812,7 +5773,7 @@ Their ignorance was their excuse. Let it not be ours.</p> <p>An indispensable requisite for what the Germans call a "bread study" is, that, for average talent, it should command moderate success. "Of all causes -of prostitution in Paris," says Duchâtelet, "and probably +of prostitution in Paris," says Duchâtelet, "and probably in all great towns, none is so active as the want of work, or inadequate remuneration. What are the earnings of our laundresses, seamstresses, and milliners? @@ -6149,7 +6110,7 @@ them.<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span></p> <p>In France, where all women of this class are registered, -Duchâtelet found 1,680 who had erased their +Duchâtelet found 1,680 who had erased their names from the list, on the plea that they had found honest occupation. He traced them: 108 had become <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'househeepers'">housekeepers</ins>; 864, seamstresses; 247, shopkeepers; @@ -6215,7 +6176,7 @@ unrestrained by self-control. Your scorn, the world's are you above temptation? Does not conscience enforce my plea?</p> -<p>"Some positions," says Legouvé, "attract by their +<p>"Some positions," says Legouvé, "attract by their ease; but it is work that purifies and fills existence. God permits hard trials; but he has appointed labor, and we forget them all." A serious comforter, it gives @@ -6338,7 +6299,7 @@ all the functions of the groom:—</p> <div class="stanza"> <span class="i0">"For this, high fed in plenteous stalls ye stand,</span><br /> <span class="i0">Served with pure wheat, and by a princess' hand;</span><br /> - <span class="i0">For this, my spouse, of great Actæon's line,</span><br /> + <span class="i0">For this, my spouse, of great Actæon's line,</span><br /> <span class="i0">So oft hath steeped the strengthening grain in wine!"</span><br /> </div> </div> @@ -6359,7 +6320,7 @@ hand which held out honor and freedom as its reward, were a woman's.</p> <p>Under a burning sun, or exposed to a bitter, glacial -<em>bisè</em>, the first cultivators, partly women, climbed slowly +<em>bisè</em>, the first cultivators, partly women, climbed slowly and painfully, by rocky ledges or crevices, along those dangerous slopes and beetling cliffs, where trees were to be hewn down and briers plucked up, raising by @@ -6395,7 +6356,7 @@ at fourteen dollars a year. On the mountains, the women were carrying soil and manure to the vines in baskets, as Queen Bertha taught them nine centuries ago." A still less pleasant picture may be drawn -from Köhl's "Reminiscences of Montenegro." "Down +from Köhl's "Reminiscences of Montenegro." "Down among the stones, on the banks of the Fuimera," he says, "some Cattaro women and girls were washing and scraping the entrails of the goats that the men @@ -6423,7 +6384,7 @@ consequence of the success of a certain Madame Isabelle in breaking horses for the Russian Army, the French minister of war lately authorized her to proceed officially before a commission of officers, with -General Régnault de St. Jean d'Angely at their head, +General Régnault de St. Jean d'Angely at their head, to break some horses for the cavalry. After twenty days, the animals were so completely broken, that the minister immediately entered into an arrangement @@ -6575,9 +6536,9 @@ Middleton to Philip Rostins for one shilling and a quart of ale; and parted wholly and solely for life, never to trouble one another.</p> -<p><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">"Witness. (Signed) <span class="smcap">Thomas</span> × <span class="smcap">Middleton</span>, his mark.</span><br /> +<p><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">"Witness. (Signed) <span class="smcap">Thomas</span> × <span class="smcap">Middleton</span>, his mark.</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 2.7em;">Witness.</span><span style="margin-left: 3.6em;"> <span class="smcap">Mary Middleton</span>, his wife.</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 2.7em;">Witness.</span><span style="margin-left: 3.6em;"> <span class="smcap">Philip</span> × <span class="smcap">Rostins</span>, his mark.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.7em;">Witness.</span><span style="margin-left: 3.6em;"> <span class="smcap">Philip</span> × <span class="smcap">Rostins</span>, his mark.</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 2.7em;">Witness.</span><span style="margin-left: 3.6em;"> <span class="smcap">S.H. Stone</span>, Crown Inn, Friar St."</span></p> <p>I have preserved the old expression <em>mare</em> in my @@ -7373,7 +7334,7 @@ skilful, tidy, they sit; with polished slippers bobbing along the floor; not quite so healthy as those who labor on the pens, for the gas and solder do an unwholesome work. Others burnish the silver -plate, sort needles, paint iron and papier-maché trays; +plate, sort needles, paint iron and papier-maché trays; and hundreds more are busy cutting and polishing screws,—a work mainly in their hands, because men cannot be trusted with the delicate manipulation.</p> @@ -7408,7 +7369,7 @@ gold its tinted edges or many-hued envelope.</p> paper. I have not obtained any reliable account of English female card-makers; but there must be many. In an old Nuremberg rate-book are the names -of "Elizabeth and Margaret," <em>Karten-mächerin</em>, reported +of "Elizabeth and Margaret," <em>Karten-mächerin</em>, reported in 1436 and 1438. Cards were invented in 1361. In about seventy years, therefore, the manufacture had passed into woman's hand. In my notes @@ -7560,7 +7521,7 @@ resumed it a few years since, when the California emigration made it necessary. Five dry-goods and a few large groceries are now carried on by women, as also one druggist's shop." Mrs. Gaskell, in her -"Life of Charlotte Bronté," mentions a woman living +"Life of Charlotte Bronté," mentions a woman living as a druggist, I think, at Haworth; and I have always been surprised that this business was not left to women. Our Nantucket druggist is doing well. In @@ -8264,7 +8225,7 @@ take practical shape, and there are—</p> almost every one I have ever given, of the great need of conscientious, painstaking woman's work. During the last year, Baron Tœrmer has been borne by torch-light -to his last home, and the mediæval artist has been +to his last home, and the mediæval artist has been mourned as a personal friend by many a crowned head. The torches of the priests who bore him to his grave very likely startled to the window our two @@ -8274,7 +8235,7 @@ city of Florence, there was living at that moment a woman as able, as renowned, though, for certain reasons, not so well known to them, as the great artist just departed. I will close this lecture with a brief -sketch of Félicie de Fauveau, for whose woman's +sketch of Félicie de Fauveau, for whose woman's work no apology will ever need to be made.</p> <p>Entering Florence by the Porta Romana, you find, @@ -8292,7 +8253,7 @@ for her faith and country. She would lead you to her small parlor, furnished with ancient hangings, carved chairs, and gold-grounded Pre-Raphaelite pictures of great value. Here she would introduce you to her -daughter, Félicie de Fauveau.</p> +daughter, Félicie de Fauveau.</p> <p>A forehead low and broad; soft, brown eyes; an aquiline nose; a well-cut, well-closed mouth; a flexible, @@ -8308,10 +8269,10 @@ but the hands are soft, white, fine, and royal.</p> <p>Born in Tuscany, she was early carried to Paris; whence she removed, when very young, to Limoux, -Bayonne, and Besançon. A great taste for music +Bayonne, and Besançon. A great taste for music and painting she inherited from her mother. Her studies were profound, and among them she pursued -archæology and heraldry. At Besançon she painted +archæology and heraldry. At Besançon she painted in oils, but was not satisfied; and from the workmen<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[217]</a></span> who carved for the churches she got her first hint towards modelling. When her father died, she was @@ -8321,7 +8282,7 @@ herself up: "Are you ignorant," she asked, "that an artist is a gentlewoman?"</p> <p>Benvenuto Cellini was her prototype; and to her -may be attributed that revival of a taste for mediæval +may be attributed that revival of a taste for mediæval art which, proceeding from Paris, has had, of late years, so great an influence on England.</p> @@ -8334,13 +8295,13 @@ Arts," and received the gold medal from Charles X. in person.</p> <p>Up to 1830, the young girl remained in Paris. Her -mother was so accomplished, Félicie herself so witty +mother was so accomplished, Félicie herself so witty and profound a talker, that a distinguished circle gathered round them; among them, Scheffer, Delaroche, Giraud. All manner of fine artistic experiments in modelling and drawing were improvised about their study-table. There she executed for Count -Pourtalès a bronze lamp of singular beauty. A +Pourtalès a bronze lamp of singular beauty. A bivouac of archangels, armed as knights, were represented as resting round a watch-fire, where St. Michael stood sentinel; round the lamp, in golden @@ -8353,14 +8314,14 @@ she was to have modelled two doors for the Louvre, and to have superintended the decoration of a baptistery,—when the Revolution broke up her calm and studious life. With the celebrated daughter -of the Duras Family, she retired to La Vendée, +of the Duras Family, she retired to La Vendée, and, virtuous and honored, made herself as active, politically, as the reckless women of the Fronde. To this day, the peasantry know her as the Demoiselle. For those who remember her, there will never be another. Finally came pursuit and capture. After a long search, the two women were dragged from the -mouth of an oven. Félicie assisted her companion to +mouth of an oven. Félicie assisted her companion to escape; was watched more closely in consequence, and remained seven months in prison at Angers. In prison she designed a group representing the duel of @@ -8368,8 +8329,8 @@ the Lord of Jarnac before Henry II., and a monument to Louis de Bonnechose. At the close of the seven months, she returned to her studio at Paris. But very soon the appearance of the Duchesse de Berri in -La Vendée restored hope to all Royalist hearts, and -Félicie rushed to her side.</p> +La Vendée restored hope to all Royalist hearts, and +Félicie rushed to her side.</p> <p>"My opinions are dearer to me than my art," she said, and proved it by heroic sacrifices. On the failure @@ -8380,7 +8341,7 @@ mother in Florence, where they have ever since resided,<span class="pagenum"><a clad, not without significance, in colors of the fallen leaf. No one but an artist can guess what loss is involved in the sudden and forcible breaking-up of -an old studio. At the very moment when Félicie and +an old studio. At the very moment when Félicie and her mother were all but starving in Florence, a man in Paris made an almost fabulous fortune by selling walking-sticks made from designs which she had @@ -8388,7 +8349,7 @@ sketched during the happy evenings of her girlhood. The Fauveaus would not accept a dollar from the party they had served; and Madame had as much pride as her daughter in establishing the new studio. -Félicie wrote, "We have manna, but only on condition +Félicie wrote, "We have manna, but only on condition that we save none for the morrow."</p> <p>In her studio you find no Pagan traces, only Christian @@ -8399,7 +8360,7 @@ bronze, and silver. She has executed for Count Zichy an Hungarian costume, a collar, belt, sword, and spurs, of finest work. The Empress of Russia has ordered from her a silver bell. It is decorated by -twenty figures, the servants of a mediæval household; +twenty figures, the servants of a mediæval household; who assemble at the call of three stewards, whose figures form the handle. Round the bell is blazoned, in Gothic letters,—</p> @@ -8407,14 +8368,14 @@ blazoned, in Gothic letters,—</p> <div class="container"> <div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> - <span class="i0">"De bon vouloir servir le maître."</span><br /> + <span class="i0">"De bon vouloir servir le maître."</span><br /> <span class="i0">"With good will to serve the master."</span><br /> </div> </div> </div> <p>Beside the crowded labors of twenty-five years, -Félicie has studied the merely mechanical portions of +Félicie has studied the merely mechanical portions of her art, and tried to discover some old artistic secrets.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[220]</a></span> To cast a statue whole, so as to require no after-touch of the chisel, has been her lifelong endeavor. @@ -8422,7 +8383,7 @@ She finally succeeded in her St. Michael, though not till it had been recast seven times. It is probable her experiments led the way for those by which Crawford succeeded in casting his Beethoven. I cannot tell -how many of you have heard of Félicie de Fauveau. +how many of you have heard of Félicie de Fauveau. The fact that her works are chiefly in private galleries and her own studio, screens her from observation. The higher dignitaries of the church and the princes @@ -8431,10 +8392,10 @@ constantly. About a year since, the death of her devoted mother drew the veil still closer round her daily life; but I retrace her story with honorable pride.</p> -<p>Félicie de Fauveau is not merely an artist. She is +<p>Félicie de Fauveau is not merely an artist. She is the first artist in the world, in her peculiar walk. As a worker in jewels, bronze, gold, and silver, as a designer -of monuments and mediæval furniture, she +of monuments and mediæval furniture, she stands without approach.</p> <div class="container"> @@ -8551,7 +8512,7 @@ voice confers upon a dull passage. The teaching of oratory and of language, then, should devolve upon woman.</p> -<p>"Why," asks Ernest Legouvé,—"why should not +<p>"Why," asks Ernest Legouvé,—"why should not the immense variety of bureaucrative and administrative employments be given up to women?" Under this head would come the business inspection of @@ -8568,7 +8529,7 @@ possibly the colds and illness, which this trifle involves. For this reason, she is a far fitter inspector of all small abuses than man.</p> -<p>Consider, then, Legouvé's proposition. The proprietor +<p>Consider, then, Legouvé's proposition. The proprietor of the London Adelphi advertised, at the opening of the last season, that his box-openers, check-takers, and so on, would all be women. Throughout @@ -9842,7 +9803,7 @@ martyrdom.</p> married woman should be but an echo in the house. Her husband may strike her, starve her, nay, even <em>let her out</em>! Such was the spirit of most Oriental custom -and law. It has crossed the Ural; so that Köhl, +and law. It has crossed the Ural; so that Köhl, the German traveller, tells us that a Turk blushes and apologizes when he mentions his wife, as if he had been guilty of a needless impertinence. The @@ -10108,14 +10069,14 @@ shall never be tolerated, till man as well as woman is compelled to keep the law of chastity.</p> <p>There Madame Moniot claims her civil rights from -the lecturer's desk; and Désirée Gay, interesting herself +the lecturer's desk; and Désirée Gay, interesting herself practically in the question of woman's labor, rules the women of the national workshops.</p> <p>When both sides of this picture are studied; when we look back, on the one hand, to Marie Antoinette -and Madame Récamier, and, on the other, to Madame -Roland, Madame de Staël, and Marie de Lamourous,—it +and Madame Récamier, and, on the other, to Madame +Roland, Madame de Staël, and Marie de Lamourous,—it is not strange that the fanciful protectorship of such men as Michelet should be balanced by a claim, made not only by Talleyrand, but Condorcet, @@ -10123,7 +10084,7 @@ for woman's full equality as a laborer and a citizen. And this varying and inconsistent estimate of woman, made evident in the social, industrial, and literary spheres of France, is strangely sustained by -her legal enactments. The "Code Napoléon" is +her legal enactments. The "Code Napoléon" is founded on the Roman, and is very similar to the English common law, so far as it concerns woman: but beside this law, which is called, in reference to @@ -10148,7 +10109,7 @@ the wife's property to be settled <em>solely</em> on herself, and to be so secured against her husband's debts. In the community of estates, the property of each is liable for the debts of either. It was on -this account, probably, that, while the "Code Napoléon" +this account, probably, that, while the "Code Napoléon" elucidated and defined the dotal system, it expressly provided for the right of choice in the parties, and declared, that, if no choice were made, @@ -10156,7 +10117,7 @@ they should be supposed to be living under the German or communal law.</p> <p>The Dutch law is essentially the same. When the -"Code Napoléon" came into force, there were not +"Code Napoléon" came into force, there were not wanting French legislators to say, that woman was now better <em>protected</em> than ever before. But this <em>legal protection</em> is of a kind due only to minors and lunatics. @@ -10174,7 +10135,7 @@ account of his parsimony or personal ill-will.</p> <p>The wife cannot give away the smallest article, not even such as have been gifts to her: and the 934th -article of the "Code Napoléon" declares, "that the +article of the "Code Napoléon" declares, "that the wife may not accept a gift without the consent of her husband; or, if he should refuse, without the approbation of a magistrate." She cannot pledge their @@ -10198,7 +10159,7 @@ his creditors.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[280]</a></span></p> -<p>Now, this "Code Napoléon" says that "the husband +<p>Now, this "Code Napoléon" says that "the husband owes protection to his wife; and the wife, on her side, owes obedience to her husband:" but it goes on to secure the obedience by giving an unlimited @@ -10247,7 +10208,7 @@ other hand, she is not liable for military service. She has no rights; a state of things, which, if it be excusable when she is absorbed into her husband's personality, is only absurd when she fulfils all the functions -of a citizen. Well may Legouvé exclaim, "that, if the +of a citizen. Well may Legouvé exclaim, "that, if the household be woman's own sphere, she ought to be queen in it; and her own faculties should secure her this supremacy. Her opponents should be forced, on @@ -10316,13 +10277,13 @@ least, the way is open, the sky overhead.</p> <p>Before proceeding to speak of the English common law, it will perhaps be well to turn from the "Code -Napoléon" to the law of Louisiana, in which the influence +Napoléon" to the law of Louisiana, in which the influence of the two forms of French law still shows itself. I do not consider the laws of Canada, because they are complicated, not only by the English common law, but by Canadian statutes, somewhat in the spirit of our own recent enactments, and by curious -archæological remains of feudal law,—laws which +archæological remains of feudal law,—laws which would sound like the decrees of Haroun al Raschid, were I to tax your soberness by setting them before<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[284]</a></span> you. They are, let us be thankful, of small practical @@ -10365,11 +10326,11 @@ stipulation to the contrary. As a public trader, the wife may bind herself in whatever relates to her business, without her husband's consent,—may even make a will; and reference is made to the "Code -Napoléon," in the same way, to all appearance, that +Napoléon," in the same way, to all appearance, that we refer to the common law of England.</p> <p>The estimate of woman upon which the "Code -Napoléon" is founded has the same effect upon her +Napoléon" is founded has the same effect upon her earnings as the English common law. As, in marriage, the policy has been to keep her subordinate and inferior; to give her no privileges which should lead @@ -10652,7 +10613,7 @@ however, that the English common law stands alone in this moral deformity. Under the French law, female chastity does not seem of any worth, even in consideration of the work it can do. In honest indignation, -Legouvé exclaims,—</p> +Legouvé exclaims,—</p> <blockquote><p>"Let a man, who has seduced a child of fifteen years by a promise of marriage, be brought before a magistrate. He has @@ -10669,7 +10630,7 @@ and depraved natures.</p> of workshops refuse to employ girls who will not sell themselves, soul and body, to them; masters corrupt their servants. Out of 5,083 lost women counted by -Duchâtelet at Paris in 1830, there were 285 domestic +Duchâtelet at Paris in 1830, there were 285 domestic servants seduced, and afterwards dismissed by their employers. Commission-merchants, officers, students, deceive the poor girls from the province or the country, @@ -10688,7 +10649,7 @@ would be powerless, if there were a sound public opinion behind it to sustain the law; if there were any <em>desire</em> on the part of the majority of men that it should be sustained? "Punish the young girl, if you -will," continued Legouvé; "but punish also the man +will," continued Legouvé; "but punish also the man who has ruined her. She is already punished,—punished by desertion, punished by dishonor, punished<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[295]</a></span> by remorse, punished by nine months of suffering, @@ -11792,7 +11753,7 @@ on the part of the law? Necker, in his report to the French Government, publicly awarded to his wife the credit of the recent retrenchment in the expenses of the Government; Bowditch dedicated his -translation of the "Mécanique Céleste" to the wife +translation of the "Mécanique Céleste" to the wife who aided him to prepare, and by her self-denial opened a way for him to publish it: but where, in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_328" id="Page_328">[328]</a></span> the records of the past, shall we find such a tribute @@ -11970,7 +11931,7 @@ event:—</p> Kent, and Bertuald, Archbishop of Britain, so called therein (understand, him of Canterbury), wherein many things were concluded in favor of the church. Five Kentish abbesses—<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_335" id="Page_335">[335]</a></span>namely, -Mildred, Ethelred, Æte, Wilnolde, Heresinde—were +Mildred, Ethelred, Æte, Wilnolde, Heresinde—were not only present, but subscribed their names and crosses to the constitutions concluded therein; and we may observe, that their subscriptions are not only placed before and above @@ -13970,10 +13931,10 @@ for present needs. In the scientific department, some means of protecting the apparatus already obtained<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_397" id="Page_397">[397]</a></span> is greatly wanted. Microscopes are needed for scientific investigation. In the library, a translation -of the "Mécanique Céleste," modern scientific books +of the "Mécanique Céleste," modern scientific books generally, Smith's "Bible Dictionary," and the leading works on English literature, are required. Trench, -Müller, Taine, have not yet found their way to Yellow +Müller, Taine, have not yet found their way to Yellow Springs.<a name="FNanchor_47_47" id="FNanchor_47_47"></a><a href="#Footnote_47_47" class="fnanchor">[47]</a></p> <p>It seems to me, that, before Antioch, there now opens @@ -14979,7 +14940,7 @@ discharged prisoner"! In 1852, the King of Prussia laid the foundation of a home for the aged deaconesses who have served as teachers and nurses.</p> -<p>The school at Strasburg, under Pastor Härber,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_428" id="Page_428">[428]</a></span> +<p>The school at Strasburg, under Pastor Härber,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_428" id="Page_428">[428]</a></span> began, in 1842, with one sister from a higher rank of life. It undertakes to train servants, and is chiefly under women's control. Assistance is also given to @@ -14990,7 +14951,7 @@ nurse and how to cook, in promoting the attendance of children at school, in co-operating with charitable institutions to superintend sewing and mending schools, in influencing, for good, factory girls and servants; -and, in the hospital at Mühausen, the women taught +and, in the hospital at Mühausen, the women taught here make up bandages and prescriptions, cook for the poor and sick, receive the patients, and do out-door visiting. At Basle, there is a Deaconess House, under @@ -15200,7 +15161,7 @@ investigation.</p> <h5>THE PULPIT.</h5> <p>A very interesting account has lately been published -of Amélie von Braum, an educated Swedish +of Amélie von Braum, an educated Swedish lady, the daughter of an army officer. She began to preach in 1843, at Carlshamm, where she lived, in the lowest dens of vice and misery. She carried with @@ -15706,7 +15667,7 @@ in position. <span style="margin-left: 5em;">Believe me, dear madam,</span><br / 13, Pemberton Square, Dec. 22, 1866.</p></blockquote> <p>In Paris, Rosa Bonheur is now the directress, under -the government, of the École Impériale de Dessein, +the government, of the École Impériale de Dessein, established exclusively for young women.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_450" id="Page_450">[450]</a></span></p> @@ -16005,7 +15966,7 @@ twenty-five dollars per annum, and is represented as perfectly robust. It gave me no pleasure to find so young a girl in a position so exposed. I would have her uncommon faculties mature in quiet. The "London -Athenæum" lately said, "A phenomenon worthy +Athenæum" lately said, "A phenomenon worthy of consideration is the increasing number of female players on stringed instruments in France. At the examination of the conservatory this year, Mademoiselle @@ -16644,7 +16605,7 @@ the candidate of Newark and the northern portions of the county, the latter that of Elizabethtown and the adjoining country, for Council. Under the impression that the candidates would poll nearly the same number of votes, the Elizabethtown -leaders thought, that, by a bold <i xml:lang="Fr">coup d'état</i>, they might secure +leaders thought, that, by a bold <i xml:lang="Fr">coup d'état</i>, they might secure the success of Mr. Crane. At a late hour of the day, and, as I have been informed, just before the close of the poll, a number of females were brought up, and, under the provisions @@ -17066,7 +17027,7 @@ to womanly habits.</p> <p>4. The inhabitants of Ain (or Aisne), in France, lately chose nine women into their municipal council.</p> -<p>5. At Bergères, the whole council consisted of women; +<p>5. At Bergères, the whole council consisted of women; and the mayor, not being prepared for such good fortune, resigned his office.</p> @@ -17814,7 +17775,7 @@ or gin, used by the overstrained girls, is terribly significant.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> I do not know that any person has ever practically carried out Legouvé's +<p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> I do not know that any person has ever practically carried out Legouvé's estimate of labor as a moral help, but Marie de Lamourous, the foundress of the House of Mercy at Bourdeaux. This was a refuge for ruined women, whom she trained to self-support. Some one offered her a @@ -17836,8 +17797,8 @@ Any new-born barbarian, pressed by necessity, might accomplish so much. The most delicate and beautiful obstetrical instruments were invented by Madame Boivin. Madame Ducoudray invented the manikin; Madame Breton, the system of artificial nourishment for babes; Morandi -and Bihéron adapted wax to the purposes of medical illustration; and it -was to the observations of Mademoiselle Bihéron, recorded in wax, that Dr. +and Bihéron adapted wax to the purposes of medical illustration; and it +was to the observations of Mademoiselle Bihéron, recorded in wax, that Dr. Hunter owed the illustrations of his best work. He was her generous friend; but she preceded him seven years in this direction, and may possibly have given him the right to use her observations as his own. Madame @@ -17896,7 +17857,7 @@ but, although no phantom, she eludes my researches.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> Ernest Legouvé.</p></div> +<p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> Ernest Legouvé.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -17992,13 +17953,13 @@ evenly, as if he were a smoke-jack, which requires judgment and "faculty"!</p></ <div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_26_26" id="Footnote_26_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> I am happy to find, on the authority of the "London Athenæum," +<p><a name="Footnote_26_26" id="Footnote_26_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> I am happy to find, on the authority of the "London Athenæum," that this statement was, when I wrote it, untrue. "Germany," it says, on the 23d of July, 1859,—"Germany has lost one of her most famed and -eminent female scholars. Frau Dr. Heidenreich, <em>née</em> Von Siebold, died at +eminent female scholars. Frau Dr. Heidenreich, <em>née</em> Von Siebold, died at Darmstadt a fortnight ago. She was born in 1792, studied the science of -midwifery at the Universities of Göttingen and Giessen, and took her doctor's -degree in 1817; not, <i xml:lang="Latn">honoris causâ</i>, by favor of the Faculty, but, like any +midwifery at the Universities of Göttingen and Giessen, and took her doctor's +degree in 1817; not, <i xml:lang="Latn">honoris causâ</i>, by favor of the Faculty, but, like any other German student, by writing the customary Latin dissertation, as well as by bravely defending, in public disputation, a number of medical theses. After that, she took up her permanent abode at Darmstadt, indefatigable in @@ -18507,388 +18468,6 @@ Some inconsistent hypens are found in this text and left as in the original.</p> </div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The College, the Market, and the Court, by -Caroline H. 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