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diff --git a/43647-h/43647-h.htm b/43647-h/43647-h.htm index 34c07a3..4482e76 100644 --- a/43647-h/43647-h.htm +++ b/43647-h/43647-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of Female Warriors, Vol. II, by Ellen C. Clayton. @@ -103,47 +103,7 @@ p.drop-cap2:first-letter { </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -Project Gutenberg's Female Warriors, Vol. II (of 2), by Ellen C. Clayton - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Female Warriors, Vol. II (of 2) - Memorials of Female Valour and Heroism, from the - Mythological Ages to the Present Era. - -Author: Ellen C. Clayton - -Release Date: September 5, 2013 [EBook #43647] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FEMALE WARRIORS, VOL. II (OF 2) *** - - - - -Produced by Chris Curnow and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43647 ***</div> <div class="figcenter" style="width: 518px;"> <img src="images/cover.jpg" width="518" height="800" alt="cover" /> @@ -204,17 +164,17 @@ PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND CO.,<br /> </tr> <tr><td align="center"><br />CHAPTER I.</td> </tr> -<tr><td align="left">Captain Bodeaux, Female Officer in the French Army—Christian Davies, <i>alias</i> Mother Ross—Female Soldier in the 20th Foot—Women of Barcelona—Hannah Snell, Private in the Line and Marines—Phœbe Hessel, Private in the 5th Regiment—"Paul" Daniel, a Female Recruit—Hannah Whitney, and Anne Chamberlayne, Female Sailors—Mary Ralphson—Miss Jenny Cameron—"Pretty Polly Oliver"—Anne Sophia Detzliffin, Prussian Female Soldier—Madame de Drucourt (Siege of Louisbourg)—Madame Ducharmy (Capture of Guadeloupe)—Chevalier d'Eon—Deborah Samson, Private, and Molly Macaulay, Sergeant in the American Revolutionary Army—Elizabeth Canning—Catherine <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[i]</a></span>the Second of Russia and the Princess Daschkova—Doña Rafaela Mora, Female Captain in the Spanish American Service (How Nelson Lost an Eye)—Female Sailor on Board Admiral Rodney's Ship</td> +<tr><td align="left">Captain Bodeaux, Female Officer in the French Army—Christian Davies, <i>alias</i> Mother Ross—Female Soldier in the 20th Foot—Women of Barcelona—Hannah Snell, Private in the Line and Marines—Phœbe Hessel, Private in the 5th Regiment—"Paul" Daniel, a Female Recruit—Hannah Whitney, and Anne Chamberlayne, Female Sailors—Mary Ralphson—Miss Jenny Cameron—"Pretty Polly Oliver"—Anne Sophia Detzliffin, Prussian Female Soldier—Madame de Drucourt (Siege of Louisbourg)—Madame Ducharmy (Capture of Guadeloupe)—Chevalier d'Eon—Deborah Samson, Private, and Molly Macaulay, Sergeant in the American Revolutionary Army—Elizabeth Canning—Catherine <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[i]</a></span>the Second of Russia and the Princess Daschkova—Doña Rafaela Mora, Female Captain in the Spanish American Service (How Nelson Lost an Eye)—Female Sailor on Board Admiral Rodney's Ship</td> <td align="right" valign='bottom'><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td> </tr> <tr><td align="center"><br />CHAPTER II.</td> </tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">The French Revolution</span>—The Furies—Rose Lacombe—Théroigne de Méricourt—Madame Marie Adrian (Siege of Lyons)—Renée Langevin—Madlle. de la Rochefoucault—Madame Dufief (War in La Vendée)—Félicité and Théophile de Fernig, Officers on Dumouriez's Staff—Mary Schelienck—Thérèse Figueur, French Dragoon—"William Roberts," the Manchester Heroine, Sergeant in the 15th Light Dragoons and the 37th Foot—Mary Anne Talbot, Drummer in the 32nd, Cabin Boy on board the Brunswick, and Middy on board the Vesuvius—Highland Soldier's Wife at the Storming of New Vigie—Susan Frost—Peggy Monro (<span class="smcap">Irish Rebellion</span>)—Martha Glar and other Swiss Heroines—Queen of Prussia at Jena—Marie Anne Elise Bonaparte, Princess Bacciocchi—Maid of Saragossa—Manuella Sanchez, Benita, and other Heroines of Saragossa—Spanish Female Captain—Mrs. Dalbiac (Battle of Salamanca)—Ellonora Prochaska, Private in Lutzow's Rifle Corps—Augusta Frederica Krüger, Prussian Soldier—Louise Belletz, French Artillery Soldier—Mrs. Heald and Mrs. Helm (Chicago Massacre)</td> +<tr><td align="left"><span class="smcap">The French Revolution</span>—The Furies—Rose Lacombe—Théroigne de Méricourt—Madame Marie Adrian (Siege of Lyons)—Renée Langevin—Madlle. de la Rochefoucault—Madame Dufief (War in La Vendée)—Félicité and Théophile de Fernig, Officers on Dumouriez's Staff—Mary Schelienck—Thérèse Figueur, French Dragoon—"William Roberts," the Manchester Heroine, Sergeant in the 15th Light Dragoons and the 37th Foot—Mary Anne Talbot, Drummer in the 32nd, Cabin Boy on board the Brunswick, and Middy on board the Vesuvius—Highland Soldier's Wife at the Storming of New Vigie—Susan Frost—Peggy Monro (<span class="smcap">Irish Rebellion</span>)—Martha Glar and other Swiss Heroines—Queen of Prussia at Jena—Marie Anne Elise Bonaparte, Princess Bacciocchi—Maid of Saragossa—Manuella Sanchez, Benita, and other Heroines of Saragossa—Spanish Female Captain—Mrs. Dalbiac (Battle of Salamanca)—Ellonora Prochaska, Private in Lutzow's Rifle Corps—Augusta Frederica Krüger, Prussian Soldier—Louise Belletz, French Artillery Soldier—Mrs. Heald and Mrs. Helm (Chicago Massacre)</td> <td align="right" valign='bottom'><a href="#Page_43">43</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[ii]</a></span></td> </tr> <tr><td align="center"><br />CHAPTER III.</td> </tr> -<tr><td align="left">Bobolina (<span class="smcap">Greek Revolution</span>)—Doña Maria de Jesus, Private in the Brazilian Army (War of the Reconcave)—Russian Female Soldiers—Juana de Arieto (Civil Wars in Spain, 1834)—Anita Garibaldi—Appolonia Jagiello (Rebellions in Poland, 1846-48, and Vienna and Hungary in 1848)—Bravery of the Croatian Women—Countess Helene St. ——, a Hungarian Patriot—Garde Mobile—Louisa Battistati (Milanese Revolution, 1848)—Fatima, a Turkish Commander (Russian War)—Lady Paget (Attack on the Mamelon, 1855)—Miss Wheeler (Cawnpore Massacre)—Ex-Queen of Naples—Polish Insurrection—Mdlle. Pustowjtoff, Adjutant to Langievicz—Female Chasseurs—Female Lieut.-Colonel in the Mexican Army—Civil War in America—Female Privates in the Potomac Army—Female Lieutenant and Privates in the Army of the West—Mrs. Clayton, Private in the Federal Army—Emily ——, Private in the Drum Corps of a Michigan Regiment—Female Confederates at Ringgold, Chattanooga—Mrs. Florence Bodwin—Female Mulatto Sergeant—Native Contingent in New Zealand—Herminia Manelli, Corporal of Bersaglieri (Battle of Custozza, 1866)—Lopez's Amazons—Cretan Amazons—Women of Montenegro—Maria L——, French Sergeant—Female Brigands—German Order to reward Courage in Women—Minna Hänsel (Franco-Prussian War)—Miss Jessie C. Claffin (American Colonel)</td> +<tr><td align="left">Bobolina (<span class="smcap">Greek Revolution</span>)—Doña Maria de Jesus, Private in the Brazilian Army (War of the Reconcave)—Russian Female Soldiers—Juana de Arieto (Civil Wars in Spain, 1834)—Anita Garibaldi—Appolonia Jagiello (Rebellions in Poland, 1846-48, and Vienna and Hungary in 1848)—Bravery of the Croatian Women—Countess Helene St. ——, a Hungarian Patriot—Garde Mobile—Louisa Battistati (Milanese Revolution, 1848)—Fatima, a Turkish Commander (Russian War)—Lady Paget (Attack on the Mamelon, 1855)—Miss Wheeler (Cawnpore Massacre)—Ex-Queen of Naples—Polish Insurrection—Mdlle. Pustowjtoff, Adjutant to Langievicz—Female Chasseurs—Female Lieut.-Colonel in the Mexican Army—Civil War in America—Female Privates in the Potomac Army—Female Lieutenant and Privates in the Army of the West—Mrs. Clayton, Private in the Federal Army—Emily ——, Private in the Drum Corps of a Michigan Regiment—Female Confederates at Ringgold, Chattanooga—Mrs. Florence Bodwin—Female Mulatto Sergeant—Native Contingent in New Zealand—Herminia Manelli, Corporal of Bersaglieri (Battle of Custozza, 1866)—Lopez's Amazons—Cretan Amazons—Women of Montenegro—Maria L——, French Sergeant—Female Brigands—German Order to reward Courage in Women—Minna Hänsel (Franco-Prussian War)—Miss Jessie C. Claffin (American Colonel)</td> <td align="right" valign='bottom'><a href="#Page_96">96</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[iii]</a></span></td> </tr> <tr><td align="center"><br />CHAPTER IV.</td> @@ -264,7 +224,7 @@ Detzliffin, Prussian Female Soldier.—Madame de Drucourt d'Eon.—Deborah Samson, Private, and Molly Macaulay, Sergeant in the American Revolutionary Army.—Elizabeth Canning.—Catherine the Second of Russia -and the Princess Daschkova.—Doña Rafaela Mora, Female +and the Princess Daschkova.—Doña Rafaela Mora, Female Captain in the Spanish American Service (How Nelson Lost an Eye.)—Female Sailor on Board Admiral Rodney's Ship.</p></blockquote> @@ -288,7 +248,7 @@ battalion which was embarking for the seat of war. Sometimes, indeed, women, deserted by their husbands, resolved to follow their unfaithful spouses all over the world: and, unable to afford travelling -expenses, enlisted at the first recruiting depôt, and +expenses, enlisted at the first recruiting depôt, and trusted to chance for meeting with or hearing of the object of their search. As no personal examination of recruits took place in those days, either in Great @@ -551,7 +511,7 @@ Christian, who had fought valiantly during the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Pag engagement, was struck in the head by "an unlucky shell" fired from a mortar planted on the steeple of the church. Her skull was fractured, and she was -carried to the hospital of Meldré or Meldret, where +carried to the hospital of Meldré or Meldret, where her head was trepanned. During a ten weeks' illness the long-dreaded discovery of her sex was made. The surgeons sent word to Brigadier Preston @@ -1329,13 +1289,13 @@ various characters—as an officer of dragoons, as a French minister, as a fashionable lady, etc. Mr. Hooper, of Ludgate-hill, published a mezzotinto engraving of the Chevalier as Pallas, a casque on -her head, a lance in her right hand, and the ægis +her head, a lance in her right hand, and the ægis on her left arm. Round the edge of the shield were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span> the words <i>At nunc dura dedit vobis discrimina Pallas</i>. On each side were drums, muskets, pyramids of cannon-balls, heavy pieces of ordnance, and a pair of colours on which were written, <i>Impavidam serient -ruinæ</i>. In the middle distance might be seen a +ruinæ</i>. In the middle distance might be seen a citadel and a camp. The lower part of the engraving contained representations of the principal events of the Chevalier's life, with a eulogy, in English, @@ -1353,9 +1313,9 @@ on his return to England his name was placed on the list of Emigrants. He was now plunged into the depths of poverty, and supported himself as best he could by giving lessons in fencing. But he depended -chiefly on the kindness of Elisée, first surgeon to +chiefly on the kindness of Elisée, first surgeon to Louis XVIII., and other friends. He died May the -21st, 1810, when Elisée assisted in the dissection of +21st, 1810, when Elisée assisted in the dissection of his body; and declared that the Chevalier belonged to the male sex.</p> @@ -1504,7 +1464,7 @@ launches and other flat-bottomed boats. The Spanish commander was laid up in bed with a severe illness; and the garrison, terrified at the imposing preparations of the English sailors, hastily -evacuated the fort. Doña Rafaela Mora, the wife +evacuated the fort. Doña Rafaela Mora, the wife or daughter of the commander, was left alone in the castle; and with great—what would at first sight appear to be reckless—daring resolved to drive the @@ -1526,7 +1486,7 @@ regimentals, which she was permitted to wear whenever she pleased. Besides this, a pension was settled upon her for the rest of her life. General Thomas Martinez, Director of the Republic of -Nicaragua, is a descendant of Doña Rafaela Mora. +Nicaragua, is a descendant of Doña Rafaela Mora. General Abarca says the truth of this story is proved incontestably by documents which he has seen in the archives of the city of Granada, in Nicaragua.</p> @@ -1566,11 +1526,11 @@ he modified his rebuke by a gift of ten guineas.</p> <blockquote> -<p>The Furies—Rose Lacombe—Théroigne de Méricourt—Madame -Cochet—Marie Adrian (Siege of Lyons)—Renée Langevin—Madlle. +<p>The Furies—Rose Lacombe—Théroigne de Méricourt—Madame +Cochet—Marie Adrian (Siege of Lyons)—Renée Langevin—Madlle. de la Rochefoucault—Madame Dufief (War in La -Vendée)—Félicité and Théophile de Fernig, Officers on Dumouriez's -Staff—Mary Schelienck—Thérèse Figueur, French Dragoon—"William +Vendée)—Félicité and Théophile de Fernig, Officers on Dumouriez's +Staff—Mary Schelienck—Thérèse Figueur, French Dragoon—"William Roberts," the Manchester Heroine, Sergeant in the 15th Light Dragoons and the 37th Foot—Mary Anne Talbot, Drummer in the 82nd, Cabin Boy on board the Brunswick, and @@ -1581,7 +1541,7 @@ of Prussia at Jena—Marie Anne Elise Bonaparte, Princess Bacciochi—Maid of Saragossa—Manuella Sanchez, Benita, and other Heroines of Saragossa—Spanish Female Captain—Mrs. Dalbiac (Battle of Salamanca)—Ellenora Prochaska, Private -in Lutzow's Rifle Corps—Augusta Frederica Krüger, Prussian +in Lutzow's Rifle Corps—Augusta Frederica Krüger, Prussian Soldier—Louise Belletz, French Artillery Soldier—Mrs. Heald and Mrs. Helm (Chicago Massacre).</p></blockquote> @@ -1618,7 +1578,7 @@ rallying point for the Furies. Round it they danced and sang by day; its steps formed their pillow by night. There they crowded together—Tricoteuses, Fileuses, Poissardes—shouting, gesticulating, screaming -the "Marseillaise" or the "Ça Ira" with their +the "Marseillaise" or the "Ça Ira" with their wild, demoniac voices, as they watched the red cart deposit its living freight at the foot of the National Razor. When hunger pressed them very sore, they would @@ -1633,8 +1593,8 @@ eloquent, round whom the Furies would rally, and who was, if possible, more bloodthirsty, more ruthless than the rest. The great leaders of the Parisian Women were Rose Lacombe, the actress, -and Théroigne (or Lambertine) de Méricourt, the -Amazon of Liége. These two women, equally beautiful, +and Théroigne (or Lambertine) de Méricourt, the +Amazon of Liége. These two women, equally beautiful, equally brave, and equally popular, had wholly different reasons for plunging into the seething whirlpool of blood. Rose Lacombe (who was born @@ -1646,8 +1606,8 @@ breast of an actress. She was a wild, excitable girl, and although not great on the stage, had a certain fiery eloquence, which, though bombastic, exaggerated, even grotesque, was suited to an -audience chiefly gathered from the Halles. Théroigne -de Méricourt, however, had quite another +audience chiefly gathered from the Halles. Théroigne +de Méricourt, however, had quite another object in coming forward as a Republican leader; this was an unquenchable thirst for revenge on the entire aristocracy, to one of whom she owed the @@ -1655,32 +1615,32 @@ shame of her life.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span></p> -<p>Théroigne was the daughter of a wealthy farmer -in the village of Méricourt near Liége, and received +<p>Théroigne was the daughter of a wealthy farmer +in the village of Méricourt near Liége, and received a finished education. When scarcely seventeen her excessive beauty attracted the notice of a young -Belgian noble, who owned a château close by her -father's home. In those days of the old <i>régime</i> an +Belgian noble, who owned a château close by her +father's home. In those days of the old <i>régime</i> an aristocrat would never have recovered the disgrace of marrying a farmer's daughter; so the consequences of their mutual passion might easily have -been foreseen. Deserted by her lover, Théroigne +been foreseen. Deserted by her lover, Théroigne fled to England, and remained here for some months, in an agony of shame and grief. When Paris rose against the ill-starred Louis Seize, she returned to France, and became acquainted with Mirabeau, and through him she was introduced to -to the Abbé Siéyes, Joseph Chénier, Brissac, Danton, +to the Abbé Siéyes, Joseph Chénier, Brissac, Danton, Marat, Robespierre, Camille Desmoulins, Ronsin, Romme, and others of the Republican party.</p> -<p>Théroigne de Méricourt was barely eighteen in +<p>Théroigne de Méricourt was barely eighteen in '89, when the first rumblings of the storm were heard. Plunging headlong into the vortex of Revolution, she soon acquired for her daring the names -of "the Amazon of Liége" and "the Jeanne d'Arc +of "the Amazon of Liége" and "the Jeanne d'Arc of the Revolution;" while her surpassing beauty -procured for her the title of "La Belle Liégoise." +procured for her the title of "La Belle Liégoise." Attired in a blood-coloured silk riding-habit, and a hat surmounted by a magnificent plume of feathers, she made herself conspicuous in all those deadly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span> @@ -1696,16 +1656,16 @@ afterwards joined the army, and fought against the enemies of the Republic, for which she was made Captain of Artillery. Her husband was a soldier.</p> -<p>On the 5th of October, Théroigne and Rose led +<p>On the 5th of October, Théroigne and Rose led eight or ten thousand starving Parisian Women against Versailles. Previous to this, Rose had commanded a body of Furies in the attack on the -Hôtel de Ville, August 7th. Théroigne rode to +Hôtel de Ville, August 7th. Théroigne rode to Versailles astride on a cannon. By her side came Cut-Throat Jourdan, the "Man with the Long Beard." The expedition owed its success almost entirely to -the Amazon of Liége. The triumph of the people -was complete. <i>Le Boulanger, la Boulangère, et le +the Amazon of Liége. The triumph of the people +was complete. <i>Le Boulanger, la Boulangère, et le petit Mitron</i> were brought to Paris, escorted by a seething, howling mob, preceded (as a hint to the aristocrats) by two pikes, on which were placed the @@ -1713,12 +1673,12 @@ heads of two Gardes-du-Corps. Several Poissardes performed the return journey on the backs of cannon.</p> -<p>For a time the popularity of Théroigne de Méricourt<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span> +<p>For a time the popularity of Théroigne de Méricourt<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span> and Rose Lacombe was unbounded; they were estimated by the Parisians as the first of their sex. Rose founded a female club on the same plan as the Jacobins, and became the chief speaker there. -Théroigne held a club at her own house, and frequently +Théroigne held a club at her own house, and frequently spoke at the "Old Cordeliers," of which Danton and Camille Desmoulins were the leaders. Speaking of the enthusiasm with which her orations @@ -1726,7 +1686,7 @@ were received, Camille says "Her similes were drawn from the Bible and Pindar. It was the eloquence of a Judith."</p> -<p>One evening Théroigne proposed that the Temple +<p>One evening Théroigne proposed that the Temple of the Representatives of the People should be erected on the site of the Bastille, the scene of their first triumph.</p> @@ -1747,11 +1707,11 @@ and hated by the Aristocrats. One day when she was at the zenith of her power, she recognised her faithless lover. He sought to avert his impending<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span> fate and humbly implored her forgiveness; but -Théroigne had not the generosity to save him. He +Théroigne had not the generosity to save him. He perished in the September massacres, 1792.</p> <p>A fearful doom was reserved for the beautiful -and unfortunate Théroigne de Méricourt. Like +and unfortunate Théroigne de Méricourt. Like Robespierre, she believed that her power was such that she could at any moment arrest the progress of the Revolution. Only a few months after the @@ -1769,7 +1729,7 @@ amazon became a raving lunatic. Years crept on. The Directory superseded the Convention, the Consulate the Directory, the Empire the Consulate, and the Restoration the Empire, and still, in a -cold grated cell of the Bicêtre, in Paris, a gibbering, +cold grated cell of the Bicêtre, in Paris, a gibbering, white-haired, wrinkled hag crawled on all fours to and from the bars of the window, whence she shrieked forth warlike orations to phantom @@ -1865,7 +1825,7 @@ days previously in the Plaine des Brotteaux.</p> <hr class="tb" /> <p>The same loyal, unselfish courage was displayed -by the Royalist insurgents in La Vendée. The +by the Royalist insurgents in La Vendée. The rough, yet kind-hearted Chouans form a striking contrast to the ferocious, bloodthirsty Republicans, far from advantageous to the latter. There was not @@ -1873,7 +1833,7 @@ one Republican leader who could bear comparison with the enthusiastic self-sacrificing young Rochejacquelin, who risked everything for his King.</p> -<p>The most prominent Vendéan leaders, next to +<p>The most prominent Vendéan leaders, next to Rochejacquelin, were La Rochefoucault de Beaulieu and the Marquis de Lescure. The former was one of the first to raise the standard of Louis XVIII. @@ -1913,18 +1873,18 @@ returned without her!</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span></p> <p>But the most famous heroine of this war was -Renée Bordereau, commonly called Langevin, known -as the "Military Heroine of La Vendée," who +Renée Bordereau, commonly called Langevin, known +as the "Military Heroine of La Vendée," who afterwards wrote and published her autobiography. She was born in June, 1770, at the village of Soulaine, near Angers, of poor, but honest parents. When the insurrection of 1793 broke out, the Republican troops ravaged and massacred without -mercy throughout La Vendée. It chanced that -forty-two of Renée's relatives fell victims, successively, +mercy throughout La Vendée. It chanced that +forty-two of Renée's relatives fell victims, successively, to this fury. At last the barbarous murder of her father before her eyes so transported -Renée with rage and a thirst for revenge that she +Renée with rage and a thirst for revenge that she devoted herself thenceforth to the royal cause.</p> <p>She bought a light musket with double sights, and @@ -1955,7 +1915,7 @@ never flagged. Her only ambition, her sole passion, was to drive the Republicans from France, and restore the legitimate Church and King.</p> -<p>When Napoleon had subdued La Vendée, he was +<p>When Napoleon had subdued La Vendée, he was so afraid of the brave Langevin that he excepted her from the general amnesty, and set the price of forty million francs on her head. She was betrayed into @@ -1974,7 +1934,7 @@ privations.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span></p> -<p>The sex of Renée had become known by an accident +<p>The sex of Renée had become known by an accident before her imprisonment; so it was no surprise, at least to her comrades, when her autobiography appeared, to learn that she was a woman. In 1816, @@ -2023,8 +1983,8 @@ their departments."</p> left their bones to bleach on the various battle-fields of the Republic without their sex being ever discovered. Those who became known were but few. -Amongst these latter were the two sisters Félicité and -Théophile de Fernig, who held the nominal rank of +Amongst these latter were the two sisters Félicité and +Théophile de Fernig, who held the nominal rank of orderly officers on the staff of General Dumouriez, wearing the uniform, and performing all the duties appertaining to their position. Their father, M. de @@ -2048,7 +2008,7 @@ the French generals.</p> marched to the woody heights of Argonne in Champagne, which General Dumouriez was vainly endeavouring to hold against the Austrians. On -his retreat to St. Ménéhould the De Fernigs distinguished +his retreat to St. Ménéhould the De Fernigs distinguished themselves, September 20th, during the famous cannonade of Valmy by the Duke of Brunswick; when the superior skill of Kellermann @@ -2068,13 +2028,13 @@ issued a proclamation calling on the Belgians to rise against their sovereign; and on the 6th of November,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span> he attacked the Austrian camp at Jemappes. In this battle, which was perhaps the most hotly contested -of all those fought during the entire war, Félicité, +of all those fought during the entire war, Félicité, the eldest girl, acted as aide-de-camp to the Duc de Chartres, afterwards Louis Philippe, King of the French, while her sister performed the same duty for the brave veteran, General Ferrand, who stormed the redoubts on the heights. Both girls were -young and exceedingly pretty—Félicité was scarcely +young and exceedingly pretty—Félicité was scarcely sixteen; and "their modesty, their blushes, and their grace," observed Lamartine, "under the uniform of officers of the staff, formed a contrast to the @@ -2091,7 +2051,7 @@ When the regiments which formed the centre of the French army gave way before the overwhelming masses of Clerfayt's cavalry, the Duc de Chartres and his brother, the Duc de Montpensier, followed -by Félicité de Fernig and half-a-dozen aides-de-camp, +by Félicité de Fernig and half-a-dozen aides-de-camp, rode, sword in hand, through the Austrian hussars which separated him from the infantry. The latter were restored to their former courage, partly by the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span> @@ -2107,7 +2067,7 @@ of Mons followed shortly after; and the French entered Brussels, November 14th, after a series of skirmishes between their advance-guard and the rear-guard of the Austrians. During one of these -contests, Félicité de Fernig, while bearing the orders +contests, Félicité de Fernig, while bearing the orders of Dumouriez to the heads of the columns, was surrounded by a troop of Uhlans, from whom she extricated herself with difficulty. As she was turning @@ -2115,7 +2075,7 @@ her horse's head to rejoin the column, she saw a young officer of Belgian Volunteers, who had just been flung from his horse, by a shot, defending himself desperately against several Uhlans. Riding -hastily to the spot, Félicité with her pistols shot +hastily to the spot, Félicité with her pistols shot two of his assailants, and the rest took to flight.</p> <p>Dismounting from her horse, she confided the care @@ -2128,7 +2088,7 @@ Dumouriez wane rapidly. He was suspected firstly of Girondism, and, worse again, of wishing to rescue<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span> Louis Capet, the unfortunate ex-King, whose trial was in preparation, or, some said, he meditated -placing Philippe Egalité on the throne. In addition +placing Philippe Egalité on the throne. In addition to all these accusations, he had the misfortune to lose nearly as many battles as he had previously gained; and, knowing well that his head was very @@ -2137,20 +2097,20 @@ into negotiations with Austria. But he mistook the patriotism of his soldiers for personal attachment to himself. On the 7th April his army was in a state of open mutiny; but hoping to set matters right, -he set out for Condé, followed by the Duc de +he set out for Condé, followed by the Duc de Chartres, Colonel Thouvenet, Adjutant-General Montjoie, eight hussars of ordnance, and his immediate staff, including the sisters De Fernig. On the road he met three battalions of Versailles Volunteers who were marching without orders to -Condé. Dumouriez commanded them to halt; but +Condé. Dumouriez commanded them to halt; but the Volunteers fired on his escort. Dumouriez fled amidst a rain of bullets, sprang, on foot, across a canal which interrupted his flight, and made his escape over the Dutch marshes.</p> -<p>Théophile de Fernig was not wounded, though her -horse was slain. Félicité dismounted, and gave her +<p>Théophile de Fernig was not wounded, though her +horse was slain. Félicité dismounted, and gave her steed to the Duc de Chartres. The two young girls and nearly all their companions reached the opposite shore of the canal safely; when they dispersed in all @@ -2182,7 +2142,7 @@ he found the family buried in the heart of Denmark.</p> <p>The sisters had resumed "the dress, the graces, and the modesty" of their own sex. The love of Vanderwalen was very soon reciprocated; and they -returned, as man and wife, to Belgium. Théophile +returned, as man and wife, to Belgium. Théophile accompanied her sister to Brussels; where, after spending a few years in the study of music and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span> poetry, she died, unmarried. She has left, it is said, @@ -2220,7 +2180,7 @@ to Napoleon. The Emperor received her with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64 cross of the Legion of Honour, giving her the very decoration he had himself worn, and he placed her tenth on the list of lieutenants. In 1807, Napoleon -granted her a pension of 673 francs (£20). On +granted her a pension of 673 francs (£20). On her return from Italy, Mary Schelienck, in her military uniform, waited on the Empress Josephine. That imperial lady, either in kindness or as an @@ -2236,30 +2196,30 @@ to the garrison, and an immense concourse of people.</p> <hr class="tb" /> -<p>Thérèse Figueur, better known as "Le Dragon sans -Gêne," was born, January, 1774, at Talmay, a town +<p>Thérèse Figueur, better known as "Le Dragon sans +Gêne," was born, January, 1774, at Talmay, a town six leagues from Dijon. She became a dragoon in the 15th and 9th regiments, and, from 1793 to 1812, served in all the campaigns of the Republic and of the Empire. At this time she was known to -her comrades by the soubriquet of "Sans Gêne."</p> +her comrades by the soubriquet of "Sans Gêne."</p> -<p>One day the Comité du Salut Public issued a decree +<p>One day the Comité du Salut Public issued a decree forbidding any woman to remain in the regiments. The commissioned officers and generals of the army<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span> of the Pyrenees, however, begged that an exception -might be made in favour of the Citoyenne Thérèse +might be made in favour of the Citoyenne Thérèse Figueur; and special authorization was granted, permitting her to remain in the service.</p> -<p>At the siege of Toulon, 1793, Thérèse received an +<p>At the siege of Toulon, 1793, Thérèse received an English bullet in her left shoulder. She had the misfortune to be placed under arrest during the same siege by General Bonaparte, for being guilty of a delay of twenty-five minutes in the execution of an order. Some years subsequently, when the former Commandant d'Artillerie had become First Consul, he -wished to see once more the Dragon sans Gêne, who +wished to see once more the Dragon sans Gêne, who came willingly enough to St. Cloud under the escort of M. Denon. The First Consul made some complimentary remarks to the "Dragon," and added that @@ -2267,14 +2227,14 @@ remarks to the "Dragon," and added that pledged her in "a glass of something stronger than wine."</p> -<p>Thérèse Figueur served in the "Armée d'Italie" +<p>Thérèse Figueur served in the "Armée d'Italie" in 1792, and in the army of the Eastern Pyrenees during the 2nd and 3rd year, and in the Army of Italy during the years 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. Among her exploits were several campaigns in Germany, and she took part in the war in Spain. In July, 1812, she was made prisoner by the Guerillas of the -Curé Marino, and sent off to England, where she +Curé Marino, and sent off to England, where she remained until the Peace in 1814.</p> <p>She was frequently wounded, and had horses<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> @@ -2287,8 +2247,8 @@ helped others poorer than herself. In disposition she was remarkable for piety, delicate tact, singleness of heart, and self-forgetfulness.</p> -<p>About 1840, Thérèse Figueur, then <i>veuve</i> Sutter, -was admitted into the Hospice des Ménages. In +<p>About 1840, Thérèse Figueur, then <i>veuve</i> Sutter, +was admitted into the Hospice des Ménages. In that retreat her last years glided calmly away, enlivened by the frequent visits of her many faithful friends, who delighted in hearing her military @@ -2738,7 +2698,7 @@ plume. She wore a tunic of silver brocade, reaching to her feet, which were encased in scarlet boots with gold spurs. Her breast was protected by a cuirass glittering in gold and silver. Accompanied by the -<i>élite</i> of the young Berlin nobility, she rode along in +<i>élite</i> of the young Berlin nobility, she rode along in front of the most advanced ranks, whence, the day being clear, she was easily seen by the French. As she approached each regiment, the flags, embroidered @@ -3055,7 +3015,7 @@ hastened to enrol themselves as volunteers, and march away to fight the Gaul. Perhaps the best known rifle-corps was that commanded by Major Lutzow. Young men of the best families, men of -genius (amongst others, Körner the poet, who has +genius (amongst others, Körner the poet, who has celebrated it in verse) joined this battalion. In this corps there was a female soldier, who enrolled under the name of Renz. A monument was erected to the @@ -3068,7 +3028,7 @@ this memorial.</p> <p>"Ellonora Prochaska, known as one of the Lutzow Rifle Volunteers, by the name of Augustus Renz, born at Potzdam on the 11th March, 1785, received -a fatal wound in the battle of Göhrde on the 15th +a fatal wound in the battle of Göhrde on the 15th September, 1813, died at Dannenberg on the 5th October, 1813. She fell exclaiming:—'Herr Lieutenant, I am a woman!'"</p> @@ -3081,12 +3041,12 @@ the same company in which his grandmother had served as a subaltern officer during the war of liberation against the French, and bravely won the Iron Cross and the Russian order of St. George. -This lady—Augusta Frederica Krüger—was a native +This lady—Augusta Frederica Krüger—was a native of Friedland, in Mecklenberg. Not content with offering, like many of her countrywomen, her trinkets and her flowing hair on the altar of patriotism, she entered the ranks as a volunteer, -under the name of Lübeck, and distinguished herself +under the name of Lübeck, and distinguished herself by her intrepidity on many a hard-fought field. On October 23, 1815, she received her discharge, and her services were mentioned in this document @@ -3094,7 +3054,7 @@ in the most flattering terms. In January, 1816, being present, dressed in the garments of her own<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span> sex, at the festival of the Iron Cross, held at Berlin, she attracted the attention of a sub-officer of -Lancers, named Karl Köhler, to whom she was +Lancers, named Karl Köhler, to whom she was married, in the garrison church of Berlin, on March 5, of the same year. The church was densely packed with spectators on the occasion, every one @@ -3237,7 +3197,7 @@ and Mrs. Heald, some time after.</p> <blockquote> -<p>Doña Maria de Jesus, Private in the Brazilian Army (War of +<p>Doña Maria de Jesus, Private in the Brazilian Army (War of the Reconcave)—Russian Female Soldiers—Juana de Areito (Civil Wars in Spain, 1834)—Anita Garibaldi—Appolonia Jagiello (Rebellions in Poland, 1846 and '48, and Vienna and @@ -3258,7 +3218,7 @@ Contingent in New Zealand—Herminia Manelli, Corporal of Bersaglieri (Battle of Custozza, 1866)—Lopez's Amazons—Cretan Amazons—Women of Montenegro—Female Brigands—German Order to Reward Courage in Women—Franco-Prussian -War—Minna Hänsel's Amazon Corps.</p></blockquote> +War—Minna Hänsel's Amazon Corps.</p></blockquote> <div> @@ -3303,7 +3263,7 @@ despatched all over the country, to the most distant plantations, to raise recruits for the Imperial Army. One of these messengers arrived one day at the farmhouse of Gonzalez de Almeida, a Portuguese settler -in the parish of San José, on the Rio de Pax. The +in the parish of San José, on the Rio de Pax. The patriot was invited to dinner; and, mindful of his object, he endeavoured to enlist the sympathies of his host for Don Pedro. Almeida listened very @@ -3316,7 +3276,7 @@ would a slave have in fighting for the independence of Brazil?"</p> <p>But though Almeida had no sons, he had two -daughters. One of them, Doña Maria de Jesus, was +daughters. One of them, Doña Maria de Jesus, was desirous, for many reasons, to leave home and seek employment elsewhere. Her father had married again, and the step-mother and her young children @@ -3336,7 +3296,7 @@ and could join the Imperial standard.</p> and child, for one half of what you say, I would join the ranks of the emperor."</p> -<p>This decided the wavering resolution of Doña +<p>This decided the wavering resolution of Doña Maria. Her sister supplied her with a suit of clothes belonging to the husband, so Maria took the opportunity, as her father was going to Cachoeira, about @@ -4016,7 +3976,7 @@ forwarded on to Warsaw.'"</p> several women and girls were discovered fighting in the ranks of Juarez. One of them, a young Indian, aged twenty-two, enlisted with her husband, -in the regiment of Zacatécas. She fought so bravely +in the regiment of Zacatécas. She fought so bravely as to speedily gain her epaulettes. Her husband was slain; but the widow remained in the regiment, where her daring courage soon not only procured the @@ -4025,7 +3985,7 @@ generals to promote her to the rank of lieutenant-colonel, May 5th, 1862. When the French captured<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span> Puebla, in the summer of 1863, she was made prisoner, and sent to Vera Cruz; whence she embarked -in the "Rhône" steam transport for France. +in the "Rhône" steam transport for France. During the voyage, though a prisoner, she was treated with all the respect due to a superior officer. She arrived in France in August, 1863, and was @@ -4135,7 +4095,7 @@ for ever remain a mystery. The regiment to which she was attached had a place in the division of the gallant Van Cleve, and, during the bloody battle of last Sunday, the fair girl fell, pierced in the left side -with a Minié ball, and, when borne to the surgeon's +with a Minié ball, and, when borne to the surgeon's tent, her sex was discovered. She was told by the surgeon that her wound was mortal, and advised to give her name, that her family might be informed of @@ -4255,7 +4215,7 @@ entrusted the guerilla portion of the campaign."</p> <p>The Brazilian journals were of course indignant at what they termed an outrage on civilization, and alternately sneered and railed at Lopez's petticoat -<i>corps d'armée</i>. Very little was afterwards heard of +<i>corps d'armée</i>. Very little was afterwards heard of these Amazons. Since their first formation, with the exception of a few stray anecdotes related by travellers and adventurers returning to the States or @@ -4482,19 +4442,19 @@ of gross exaggerations, whether emanating from French or German quarters, consequently always unreliable. One of the most remarkable and best authenticated female warriors of the period was -Minna Hänsel, of Berlin, who, in the early days of +Minna Hänsel, of Berlin, who, in the early days of the war, before the Germans had swept all before them, raised an Amazon corps, all ready equipped and full of military ardour. These warlike women were much ridiculed by the Berlinese, but the -Fräulein Hänsel, disregarding the adverse criticism +Fräulein Hänsel, disregarding the adverse criticism which, she said, was "of course only to be expected in these frivolous days of ours," addressed a letter to the Governor of the city, General Von Falkenstein, asking him in what place the services of the corps would prove most effective. The General—purposely, perhaps—delayed returning an answer till the closing -days of August, 1870, when Miss Hänsel, although +days of August, 1870, when Miss Hänsel, although her offers of service had by no means been rejected, considered that the "rapid and victorious progress of the war" put an end to any necessity for her corps @@ -5559,7 +5519,7 @@ the notorious David Ochterlony Dyce-Sombre. About the year 1838, this eccentric gentleman came to England, whither he had been preceded by the renown of his fabulous wealth. His arrival caused -considerable excitement in London; he was fêted<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span> +considerable excitement in London; he was fêted<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span> and invited everywhere as the lion of the day. In 1840, he married the Hon. Mary Ann Jervis, daughter of Viscount St. Vincent; but the husband @@ -5663,7 +5623,7 @@ their arms. Thereupon a massacre commenced, which for barbarity, almost equalled that which took place shortly after at Cawnpore. Nineteen ladies, twenty-three children, twenty-four civil service -employés, two non-commissioned officers, and eight +employés, two non-commissioned officers, and eight officers were butchered in a manner familiar to all who can remember the Indian Mutiny.</p> @@ -5824,7 +5784,7 @@ half-a-dozen victories."</p> never accurately determined. While one journal styles her "this girl, barely twenty years of age," another assumes her age to have been at least -thirty. An employé of the East India Company who +thirty. An employé of the East India Company who visited Jhansi in 1854, and accidentally caught a glimpse of this oriental heroine, describes her as "a woman of about the middle size—rather stout, @@ -5983,7 +5943,7 @@ all state officers, court functionaries, military commanders, and soldiers are, without exception, of the female sex. The men are agriculturists and merchants. The body-guard of the king is formed of -the female <i>élite</i>. These amazons ride in the masculine +the female <i>élite</i>. These amazons ride in the masculine style, wearing sharp steel points instead of spurs. They carry a pointed lance, which they swing very gracefully, and also a musket, which is discharged @@ -6275,7 +6235,7 @@ feathers, and all her favourite dishes and liquors.</p> <hr class="tb" /> <p>Dahomey—or, as it is now fashionable to style it, -Dahomé—may with truth be called one of the +Dahomé—may with truth be called one of the greatest curiosities of the Nineteenth Century. It seems so strange that a large, closely populated country, the monarch of which is anxious to cultivate<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span> @@ -6574,25 +6534,25 @@ THE END.<br /> <p>Obvious punctuation errors repaired.</p> -<p>Page ii, "Hänsell" changed to "Hänsel" (in Women—Minna Hänsel)</p> +<p>Page ii, "Hänsell" changed to "Hänsel" (in Women—Minna Hänsel)</p> <p>Page viii, "South" changed to "Savage" to match chapter text (Savage Africa)</p> <p>Page 7, "betwen" changed to "between" (to a duel between)</p> -<p>Page 36, "ruinœ" changed to "ruinæ" (Impavidam serient -ruinæ)</p> +<p>Page 36, "ruinœ" changed to "ruinæ" (Impavidam serient +ruinæ)</p> -<p>Page 36, "Elisèe" changed to "Elisée" (when Elisée assisted)</p> +<p>Page 36, "Elisèe" changed to "Elisée" (when Elisée assisted)</p> <p>Page 42, "left the" changed to "the left" (below the left eye)</p> -<p>Page 43, "Langerin" changed to "Langevin" (Renée Langerin—Madlle)</p> +<p>Page 43, "Langerin" changed to "Langevin" (Renée Langerin—Madlle)</p> -<p>Page 43, "Felicité" changed to "Félicité" (Félicité and Théophile de)</p> +<p>Page 43, "Felicité" changed to "Félicité" (Félicité and Théophile de)</p> <p>Page 46, repeated word "to" deleted. Original read (introduced to to -the Abbé)</p> +the Abbé)</p> <p>Page 68, "ben" changed to "been" (ball had been)</p> @@ -6614,382 +6574,6 @@ the Abbé)</p> <img src="images/plain_cover.jpg" width="324" height="500" alt="original cover" /> </div> - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Female Warriors, Vol. II (of 2), by -Ellen C. Clayton - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FEMALE WARRIORS, VOL. 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