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diff --git a/43367.txt b/43367.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff83f07 --- /dev/null +++ b/43367.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8985 @@ +The Project Gutenberg eBook, Drake's Road Book of the Grand Junction +Railway, by James Drake + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: Drake's Road Book of the Grand Junction Railway + from Birmingham to Liverpool and Manchester + + +Author: James Drake + + + +Release Date: July 31, 2013 [eBook #43367] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DRAKE'S ROAD BOOK OF THE GRAND +JUNCTION RAILWAY*** + + +credit + + + +This ebook was transcribed by Les Bowler. + +[Picture: Vauxhall Station, Grand Junction Railway, Vauxhall, Birmingham] + + DEDICATED BY PERMISSION TO THE CHAIRMAN AND DIRECTORS OF THE + GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY. + + * * * * * + + + + + + DRAKE'S + ROAD BOOK + OF THE + GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY + + + FROM + BIRMINGHAM TO LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER, + ILLUSTRATED BY AN + ACCURATE MAP, AND NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS: + + To which is appended + + THE VISITER'S GUIDE + TO + BIRMINGHAM, LIVERPOOL, AND MANCHESTER. + + * * * * * + + TO THE + + CHAIRMAN AND DIRECTORS + + OF THE + + GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY, + + THIS + + Second Edition + + OF + + THE ROAD BOOK, + + IS, + + BY PERMISSION, RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, + + BY THE + + AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER. + + + + +ADVERTISEMENT +TO THE +SECOND EDITION. + + +THE courteous reception given to the First Edition of the Grand Junction +Road Book, and the substantial proofs of approbation which a rapid sale +has afforded, render it a duty as proper as it is pleasant, for the +Author and Publisher to return their joint thanks for the liberal +patronage already bestowed on their work; and to engage a continuance of +the same, by their assurances that in the present edition every possible +improvement has been carefully effected in its various departments. +Spirited wood and steel engravings {v} of the most important spots on the +line have been introduced, and much new and interesting matter supplied. +The whole of the information concerning fares, regulations, stations, and +accommodation in towns on the route, has been recast, corrected, and +enlarged; and a brief but comprehensive directory added, under the head +of "VISITER'S GUIDE," page 97, containing lists of public buildings; +institutions of all kinds; places of worship of all denominations, with +names of the officiating ministers; principal show rooms and +manufactories; times of arrival and departure of mails at the post +office; hackney coach fares; bankers, inns, boarding houses, omnibus +offices, newspapers, canal conveyances, waggon warehouses, packets, &c., +&c., for Birmingham, Manchester, and Liverpool. The exceeding utility of +this new division of the volume will be obvious to every one. The Map +has also been revised, and greatly improved; and the "GRAND JUNCTION ROAD +BOOK" again makes its bow to the public, in full expectation that its old +fame and new merits will be rightly appreciated. + + * * * * * + +_Birmingham_, _September_ 1, 1838. + + + + +SONNET +BY WORDSWORTH, +ON +STEAM BOATS, VIADUCTS, AND RAILWAYS. + + + MOTIONS and means, on land and sea at war + With old poetic feeling; not for this, + Shall ye, by Poets even, be judged amiss! + Nor shall your presence, howsoe'er it mar + The loveliness of nature, prove a bar + To the mind's gaining that prophetic sense + Of future change that point of vision, whence + May be discover'd what in soul ye are. + In spite of all that beauty may disown + In your harsh features, Nature doth embrace + Her lawful offspring in Man's art; and Time, + Pleased with your triumphs o'er his brother Space, + Accepts from your bold hands the proffer'd crown + Of hope, and smiles on you with cheer sublime. + + [Picture: Map of the route of the Grand Junction Railway] + + + + +CHAPTER I. +BIRMINGHAM. + + +NAME--HISTORY--MANUFACTURES--PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS, &c., &c. + +OUR native town of BIRMINGHAM, of whose celebrity and importance we are +justly proud, demands our first attention in this our Itinerary; although +the numerous publications which give more circumstantial particulars +respecting it than the brief limits of the present work will admit, +render it an unnecessary task here to occupy many pages with our notice. + + * * * * * + +In our after topography and history of towns on the "Grand Junction" +line, we shall have occasion to allude to their several claims to the +honours of "hoar antiquity;" but none it would appear can boast of more +remote fame than our own brave old town of Birmingham, or, as it has been +variously written, _Bromycham_, _Bremecham_, _Bermyngham_, and +_Bromnsycham_, the etymology of which terms have served to puzzle the +learned in such lore for years gone by, and will do for years to come. +What never can be positively settled, always proves a most fascinating +subject for argument. Mr. Hutton, the antiquary, imagines the derivation +to be this: _wich_, or _wick_, being used to signify a town or village, +and _brom_, from the _broom_ growing in the vicinity. But we must leave +the subject for more voluminous writers. The late Mr. Hamper, our +especial antiquary, traced the orthography through no less than _one +hundred and forty_ variations. In proof of Birmingham being a place of +no very recent creation, the prodigious accumulation of scoria produced +by the smelting of iron, at Aston furnace, may be referred to; as also +the great number of exhausted coal mines, on a large common within a few +miles, called Wednesbury Old Field. Both these must have been the work +of many centuries, as is proved by the fact, that in the former, the mass +of scoria has not perceptibly increased within the memory of that +remarkable individual, "the oldest inhabitant," though constantly +receiving additions. It appears that the Britons were acquainted with +the use and manufacture of iron previously to the Roman conquest, as they +are described with chariots armed with scythes. It requires no very +great stretch of imagination to suppose Birmingham (the _Bremenium_ of +the Romans) to have been a chief station for the fabrication of such +weapons. In Doomsday Book, "_Bermengeham_" is noticed; and the manor and +lordship were held by the De Birmingham family and their ancestors, +during the reigns from Henry I. to Henry VIII., when John Dudley, +afterwards Duke of Northumberland, being in possession of Dudley, and +desirous of adding to it the manor of Birmingham, contrived, by a series +of villanous artifices and perjury, to wrest it from Edward de +Birmingham, and add it to his own possessions. On the attainder and +execution of the duke, in the reign of Mary, the manor escheated to the +crown; and in 1643 a descendant of the family, through the female line, +was raised to the peerage, by the title of Baron Ward, of Birmingham, +changed afterwards to Viscount Dudley and Ward, and Earl of Dudley. The +remains of the ancient manor house have long been removed to make way for +improvements; its former name, "The Moat," (now called Smithfield,) and +two neglected effigies in St. Martin's church, of a crusader and an +ecclesiastic of the De Birmingham family, are all that remain to tell of +their former greatness. Few historical events seem to have disturbed the +good people of Birmingham except the civil war of the seventeenth +century, when they proved themselves staunch adherents to the +parliamentarians, and did good service to their partizans, against Prince +Rupert and his troops, at which time some earth works thrown up at +Bordesley, conferred the name of Camp Hill on a part of it. The prince +afterwards set fire to the town, but obligingly desisted from further +demonstration of such warm regard, on being handsomely bribed to that +effect. The riots of 1791 are so frequently brought to the minds of our +town's people by present allusions, that it needs not to dwell here on +the disgraceful theme. Turning to a pleasanter topic, we will briefly +glance at the manufactures which made an anonymous poet formerly +exclaim,-- + + "Europe's grand toy-shop, art's exhaustless mine-- + These, and more titles, Birmingham, are thine." + +It is amusing to look back to the condition of Birmingham in Leland's +time, (Henry VIII.,) who describes it as inhabited only "by smithes that +use to make knives and all manner of cutting tools, and lorimers that +make bittes, and a great many nailors." Camden, in the reign of +Elizabeth, speaks of it as "swarming with inhabitants, and echoing with +the noise of anvils; but the upper part rising with abundance of handsome +buildings;" and his continuator, Bishop Gibson, in the reign of Anne, +mentions "its artificers in iron and steel, whose performances in that +way are greatly admired both at home and abroad." Prior to the +restoration of Charles II. the town only consisted of one long street, +extending from the hamlet of Deritend to the present Bull-street, and +contained barely 5,000 inhabitants. _Now_, the probably correct amount +would stand thus: streets, 340; houses, 22,000; population, 200,000. +Birmingham was created a borough by the Reform Bill, and sends two +members to parliament. The honours of a mayor and corporation are now +added to its civil dignities. + + * * * * * + +Among the almost innumerable branches of trade and manufacture at present +carried on, are light and heavy steel goods, (here called toys,) brass +and iron foundery, sadlery, military accoutrements, fire-arms, swords and +cutlery of various kinds; jewellery, gold, silver, and plated goods; +buttons, medals, japannery; gilt, silver, ivory, bone, and other toys; +glass, wood-turnery, metal-rolling, tools and implements of all kinds; +mill machinery of all sorts, and steam engines on every known principle. +Casting, modelling, die-sinking, engraving, and other processes connected +with the various manufactures have been brought to the greatest +perfection; also the cutting of glass, of which there are many brilliant +specimens in the show-rooms of the town, especially those of Messrs. +Rollason, Price, Henderson, Mrs. Bedford's, &c. The great establishment +at the Soho, near Birmingham, is intimately connected with its +manufacturing interests, as under the superintendence of Messrs. Boulton +and Watt, great improvements were effected in all kinds of machinery, and +the power of steam applied to every mechanical purpose. From their +ingenious coining mill, the greater part of the copper money of George +III. was issued. Mr. Boulton died in 1809, aged eighty-one, and Mr. Watt +in 1819, aged eighty-three. They were both interred in Handsworth +church, where a marble bust commemorates the former, and a statue, by +Chantrey, the latter. + + In the magnificent show-rooms of Mr. G. R. Collis in Church-street, + (formerly Sir E. Thomason's,) splendid specimens of the chief native + manufactures are collected, and their mode of manufacture shown to + all respectable visitors. Mr. Phipson's pin manufactory, which in + this seemingly small article employs so great a number as one + thousand persons, is another large establishment; and the articles of + oriental gorgeousness and diversity, displayed by Messrs. Jennens and + Betteridge, at their japanned ware and papier mache manufactory, in + Constitution-hill, are full of brilliant designs and adornment. The + show-rooms of Messrs. Mapplebeck and Lowe, Osborne, and others, + contain a great variety of hardware and cutlery. + +Of ponderous machinery, none perhaps is more interesting than that of the +metal rolling mills; there is positive grandeur in the great power +employed, and the accuracy with which it is adjusted to the end required. +The button manufacture is a principal source of wealth to the town, and +many of its chief families may trace back their origin (their +_honourable_ origin--far more truly honourable than the anxiety +occasionally shown by present full-blown importance to disguise it) to a +humble fabricator of these small and indispensable articles. They are +made of all kinds and descriptions, to suit all markets; as were buckles +likewise, some years since; but fashion, that mighty revolutionist, has +driven them from their once prominent station in the toilet of the +exquisite of former days; and knees and shoes, and dainty spangled and +high heeled slippers, fit for feminine feet, have all laid by the buckles +which used to glitter in cut steel and silver delicately worked, or set +with brilliants; and of so comely dimensions, as well nigh to cover the +pretty insteps of our grandmothers. As a source of great wealth to our +native town, we must regret the abolition of ornamental buckles. Steel +tools, and lighter, tasteful articles, form another great branch. The +first steel-house, or factory, gave the name "Steelhouse-lane" to the +street. Guns were first made in the reign of William III., and in times +of war have constituted an important part of our trade. Silver, brass, +and iron are all wrought to a great extent, in every known variety of +manufacture. To enumerate _all_ the productions of Birmingham were +nearly an impossible task, had we space; as it is, we must rest here, and +proceed to notice a few of the chief buildings and institutions which +would attract the observation of a stranger. + + [Picture: Birmingham Town Hall] + +First, of the first class, ranks our noble and magnificent Town Hall, in +Paradise-street, a Grecian temple of the Corinthian order, standing on a +rustic basement, and built of marble from Anglesea. It is of recent +erection; from the design, and under the direction of Mr. J. Hansom, of +Hinckley, and contains a splendid hall, 140 feet long, by 65 feet wide, +and 65 feet high, adapted for great public meetings, and for the +performances of music at the Triennial Festivals; {7} it also contains +spacious saloons, committee rooms, etc. Its organ is the finest in the +kingdom. The new Free Grammar School, in New-street, is a large and +handsome building, in the Gothic style, from a design by Mr. Barry, of +London. The exhibition rooms of the Birmingham Society of Arts, +New-street, form a handsome building, admirably adapted for the purpose; +and the annual exhibition, of ancient and modern masters, is inferior to +no provincial one. Another spacious suite of rooms was erected a few +years since, by a dissentient party of the artists; but, having returned +to the parent institution, their gallery since has been occupied by the +highly interesting, valuable, and well-arranged Museum of Natural +History, collected by Mr. Weaver, in the various branches of geology, +ornithology, entomology, mineralogy, conchology, &c. The Royal School of +Medicine and Surgery, in Paradise-street, have now purchased this +splendid collection, which, joined to the one they already possess, will +form one of the finest Museums in the provinces. It is liberally +supported and patronised by the neighbouring nobility and county +families. The General Hospital, Blue Coat School, Dispensary, and +Asylums, are worthy of all praise for their essential utility as +charities. The former is mainly supported by the proceeds of the +Triennial Festivals; the others by liberal subscriptions, with which the +inhabitants of Birmingham appear ever ready to increase the usefulness of +charities having for their end the alleviation of misery, in whatever +form it exists. The new Market Hall, extending from the Bull-ring to +Worcester-street, is a spacious and commodious building, though the +internal arrangement might be greatly improved, by a little more +attention to order and neatness on the part of the various trades-people +who have stalls there. The market having formerly been held in the open +street, may, in some degree, account for this. Nearly opposite the hall +stands a statue of Lord Nelson, by Westmacott, with a miniature +man-of-war beside him, on a pedestal surrounded by an iron rail and +lamps. + + * * * * * + +The Churches most remarkable for architectural beauty, are, St. Philip's, +in the Doric style, with a graceful tower and cupola: Trinity Church, +Bordesley, designed by Mr. F. Goodwin, much in the style of King's +College Chapel, Cambridge; it is a fine example of the Ecclesiastical +Gothic: St. George's, also Gothic, but of far inferior beauty; St. +Martin's, which _has_ been a fine old edifice, with a tapering spire, but +is now disfigured by a brick shell: St. Paul's, Christ Church, St. +Thomas's, St. Peter's, St. Bartholomew's, St. Mary's, All Saints', and +others are of less striking appearance. Many of the dissenting +congregations have handsome and spacious meeting-houses and chapels, +particularly the Catholic Chapels; Unitarian Meeting-houses; Independent +Meeting-house, Carr's-lane; Mount Zion Chapel; Scottish Kirk, &c. +Schools are connected with all, and with the numerous National, +Lancasterian, Infant, and other schools, combine in distributing +knowledge, in however a small degree as yet, among the useful and +industrious classes. The excellent school for the instruction of Deaf +and Dumb children is pleasantly situated at Edgbaston: there are also +various Asylums for the young, the helpless, and the immoral (repentant, +of course). + + * * * * * + +The Old Library, in Union-street, contains a valuable collection of +40,000 volumes, and commodious reading rooms. The New Library, in +Temple-row, is a more recent and smaller establishment. Divers +conglomerations of novels, called "Circulating Libraries," also exist for +the benefit of the sentimental. The Philosophical Institution has a +convenient Lecture-Theatre and Museum in Cannon-street, with a resident +Curator. Subscribers have the privilege of introducing strangers to the +lectures. The members of the Mechanics' Institution at present have +lectures in the same building, until the erection of one suitable for +them. Strangers are admitted to the Mechanics' lectures on payment of +one shilling. The Botanical and Horticultural Society have extensive +gardens and conservatories at Edgbaston, situated on rising ground, and +commanding a beautiful and richly-wooded expanse of scenery. The +exhibitions of plants, fruits, &c., when a brilliant company generally +assembles, are scenes of great gaiety. + + The Conservatories and Greenhouses, are the erection of Mr. T. Clark, + of Lionel-street, Birmingham, whose manufactory for Metallic + Hothouses, &c., is very extensive. + +A Cemetery has been recently laid out and planted on the north side of +the town, at Key Hill, where a large excavation in a hill of gravel +renders the spot striking and even picturesque: a neat Chapel is erected +for the performance of the funeral service. + + * * * * * + +In 1813 an Act of Parliament was obtained for the erection of a Proof +House for all fire-arms made in the town, which are subjected to a very +severe test. The hall and other premises are in Banbury-street, and have +quite a military and formidable appearance. + + * * * * * + +The News Room, on Bennett's-hill, and the different banking +establishments, are handsome buildings, many of them of considerable +architectural beauty. The Theatre is large, and inferior to few out of +the metropolis, though the indifferent encouragement given to the drama +in Birmingham, causes it to be comparatively but little used. It is +capable of accommodating 2,500 persons, and contains to the front, a +suite of Assembly Rooms, Billiard and Coffee Rooms, &c. There were +formerly two smaller theatres, and an amphitheatre for equestrian +performances, all three of which have been converted from their dissolute +ways, and become pious and holy conventicles for divine worship. +Temporary amphitheatres have frequently been erected since, and a +permanent one is in progress. For more circumstantial particulars and +descriptions of these and other edifices, we must refer our readers to +the "Picture of Birmingham," {11} or other more lengthy histories. + + * * * * * + +The environs of the town, especially Edgbaston and Harborne, contain many +tasteful residences, erected by the wealthier merchants and tradesmen; +whose pretty suburban villas have all gardens and pleasure grounds +attached. In the neighbourhood of Birmingham are many fine old houses, +or halls, as they are called, well deserving of a visit from the +antiquary or artist; and the far famed glories of Warwick, Kenilworth, +Shakespeare-sainted Stratford, Guy's Cliff, and other places of renown, +are within a short drive. + + * * * * * + +In this brief survey of the past and present condition of Birmingham, it +will be seen how rapidly its greatness and importance have been achieved +by the perseverance, spirit, and ingenuity of its inhabitants. We may +expect as rapid, and almost as great improvements from the additional +consequence and advantages it will receive from the great works now +nearly completed. The finished line of railway from London to Liverpool +through this place, may, with confidence, be looked to as another great +era in its history, from whence to date still increasing wealth, power, +and intelligence. + + + + +CHAPTER II. +ROUTE. +BIRMINGHAM TO WOLVERHAMPTON, +Fourteen Miles. + + +BIRMINGHAM AND VAUXHALL STATION. + + + Distance to Liverpool and Manchester, 97.25 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + *** Those printed in small capitals are market towns. + + _Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. +Edgbaston 2.5 miles. Erdington 3 miles. +Harborne 4 -- Castle Bromwich 4.5 -- +HALESOWEN 8.5 -- SUTTON COLDFIELD 6.5 -- +STOURBRIDGE 12.5 -- Water Orton 6.5 -- + Curdworth 7.5 -- + COLESHILL 8.5 -- + Wishaw 9 -- + Middleton 9.5 -- + Drayton Bassett 11.5 -- + TAMWORTH 13 -- + +THE Birmingham Station of the Grand Junction railway, closely adjoins +that of the London and Birmingham, which greatly facilitates the +arrangements of travellers proceeding along the entire line. Until the +completion of the permanent buildings, those at Vauxhall have been +temporarily used. To a stranger coming into the station-yard for the +first time, the whole scene is one of great novelty: the long train of +treble-bodied coaches, waiting under a broad covered way for passengers +and baggage; the bustle and animation of the host of porters, guards, +conductors, &c.; the amazement depicted on some of the faces of the +lookers-on; the state of "intellectual complication" evinced by others, +especially those who, having various items of property to convey with +them, are tremblingly solicitous for the welfare of sundry "red-striped +carpet bags, trunks with wrappering over," bandboxes which will be ruined +by a drop of rain, and fish-baskets which have a mortal antipathy to be +squeezed. Other important-looking passengers make up their minds to take +things as a matter of course, and not betray any vulgar surprise; and +from their extremely over-done _nonchalance_, would fain persuade you +they had made a journey round the globe in a first-rate train, and +reached the antipodes by a tunnel. These valiant and adventurous +individuals are by far the severest sufferers by the anti-cigar-act, +passed by the Company, for which the unsmoking part of the community, +especially the fair sex, are greatly indebted. The traveller may refer +to the company's regulations at full, in the appendix at the end of this +volume. Supposing all preliminaries adjusted, we commence our journey. + + * * * * * + +Passing the station at Vauxhall, (closely adjoining to which are Vauxhall +Gardens,) the railroad proceeds by Duddeston, and passes over the +Coleshill road near Saltley Chapel, a small pigeon-house like edifice to +the E. of the line. Aston Church soon appears on the W., above the rich +woods surrounding it; and the high chimney of the Birmingham Water Works +(lately established to supply the town) is passed on the E. The steam +engines, Hercules and Atlas, erected here for pumping the water from the +reservoir, into the pipes for conveyance to Birmingham, are perhaps the +grandest and most perfect of their kind ever fabricated. Yardley Village +and Perry Barr form the distant view. The railroad now passes over the +Aston embankment, and a viaduct of ten arches, beneath which runs the +high road to Sutton, and the Fazeley Canal. From this point the last +view is gained of the town of Birmingham, on the W.; and on the E. a +prospect of Gravelly Hill, now nearly levelled, and the village of +Erdington. A short distance onwards the line passes the front of Aston +Hall, a fine old baronial residence in the Elizabethan style of +architecture, erected by Sir Thomas Holt in 1620, and in which he +entertained Charles I. previously to the battle of Edge Hill. It is +situated in a fine park, richly ornamented with stately timber of ancient +growth, and thriving modern plantations. All the views of this fine old +mansion are strikingly beautiful; but the one commanded from the railroad +line, looking up the avenue of lofty elms, (which the line crosses,) is +the most imposing. + + James Watt, Esq., the present proprietor, has, it is said, expended + 10,000 in preventing the line of railroad from passing through his + park, which the Company intended it to do; and in consequence of this + opposition a great curve appears in the course of the line at this + part. Iron works in the neighbourhood have been in operation from + remote antiquity. {14} + + [Picture: Aston Hall] + +The Church, which re-appears at several points of the line, is a +beautiful and venerable structure, with a fine tapering spire, and +remarkably musical bells, the sweet tones of which will scarcely reach +the ears of railroad travellers. Part of the village of Aston is +observable from the railroad, and also the grounds and fish-pans of its +"Tavern," a spot much frequented by tea (and ale) drinking parties from +Birmingham. + + * * * * * + +One very agreeable feature of the scenery on the line, is the unspoiled +freshness and verdure of the ground on either side. The idea most +persons entertain respecting such astounding innovations on ancient +usages as steam carriages and railroads is, that they spread desolation +around their path, and that the track of a locomotive engine must +necessarily be as devastating in its effects as that of a lava course. +We candidly confess to something akin to this suspicion ourselves. But +all "Grand Junction" patrons must be gratified to find such expectations +disappointed so pleasingly in the cheerful aspect of the fields, groves, +and "little running brooks," closely bordering the excavations or +embankments. Cattle are quietly feeding just on the other side the +fence, and gay wildflowers already enamel the newly-made banks. +Sometimes, certainly, a horse or cow may be abruptly interrupted in a +quiet meditation by the rapid rushing by of a "Centaur" or "Alecto," with +its lengthened _tail_ of many ponderous joints; and one accident, very +singular, if true, occurred lately. A certain luckless individual of the +pig family, having too far indulged an imprudent spirit of investigation +on the Bilston portion of the line, had his curly conclusion very +summarily amputated by a passing train:--he turned round briskly to +ascertain the extent of his calamity, when another train, whirling along +in an opposite direction, coming in contact with his head, put a period +to the enterprising animal's existence by an instant decapitation. We +might draw a wise and serious moral from this "cutting" event, but the +fact presents a sufficient warning to all persons inclined to incur the +penalty of two pounds in sterling coin, and limbs _ad libitum_, for the +sake of a promenade on the forbidden ground. "Digression is a sin,"--on +the defunct pig's head be ours! But for his tragic history, we should, +ere this, have introduced the hill of these parts, Barr Beacon, to our +readers; it appears to the N.E., crowned with a dense grove of trees. +The intervening scenery is cheerful and cultivated, but not picturesque. +The village of Witton shortly appears to the E., with Barr lying on the +N.E. The bridge here passed is on the boundary of Warwickshire and +Staffordshire, which latter county the line now enters. Aston Hall and +Church again come in sight beyond Witton, and form a beautiful rear view, +which is soon shut out by the banks of the excavation, precluding all +prospect save of their own sloping sides, the pebbles and markings in +which are made, by the rapidity of passing, to appear like flying lines. + + + +Perry Barr Station. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 3.5--Liverpool and Manchester, 94 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. +Handsworth 1 mile Perry .75 mile +Aston 1 -- Erdington 2.75 miles +Smethwick 4.25 miles SUTTON COLDFIELD 5 -- + Little Aston 6 -- + Shenstone 8.5 -- + + [Picture: Aston Church and Viaduct] + +At this station, the line makes a considerable curve in an opposite +direction to that hitherto followed, and passes Handsworth, (the church +appearing among wood on the W.,) also Lea Hall, on the W., and over two +bridges, named from J. Gough, Esq., through whose estate the line runs +for two miles. Pleasant, quiet-looking scenery skirts the road for some +distance, and about a mile from the last bridge, a view is gained of +Perry Hall, seat of J. Gough, Esq., nearly encompassed by a grove of oak +trees. At Hampstead Bridge, the old Walsall road crosses the line; and +on either side the prospect is pleasantly varied by wood and water. +Hampstead Hall, which lies near, is nearly concealed by its rich woods +from the passers on the railroad. The line shortly enters a cutting, of +from sixty to seventy feet deep; emerging from which into the open +country, West Bromwich, and Sandwell Park, the seat of Earl Dartmouth, +appear on the W., and Barr on the E. We now pass + + + +Newton Road Station. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 6.75--Liverpool and Manchester, 90.75 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Place E. of Station_. +West Bromwich 2 miles Great Barr 2.5 miles +Oldbury 3.25 -- +Rowley Regis 5 -- +HALESOWEN 7.25 -- +Cradley 7.25 -- +The Lye 8.5 -- + +WEST BROMWICH has rapidly risen to importance from the rich iron and coal +mines which abound in its vicinity. The great Gas Works are situated +here, which supply the chief part of Birmingham, Wednesbury, Dudley, +Bilston, Darlaston, and other places with gas; the main tubes extending +to the aggregate length of 150 miles. There are two handsome churches, +the one ancient, the other modern. Population, 15,330. + + * * * * * + +The site of the present splendid mansion of Sandwell, was, in the reign +of Henry II., occupied by a priory of Benedictine Monks. Charley Mount, +pleasantly situated on a hill, appears W. of the line, Ray Hall and +Burslem, or Bustleholm Mill, on the E. Before passing Tame Bridge, Barr +Beacon again appears, heading the distant view. Friar Park is on the W., +with the town and church of Wednesbury (usually pronounced Wedgebury), +towering above the trees. Walsall appears from the same point, lying +N.E. of the line. + + * * * * * + +DUDLEY, a town in the centre of the mining district, lies 5.5 miles W. of +the line. Population, 23,050. The ancient castle is a ruin of great +beauty and interest, situated on an eminence, and surrounded with fine +wood and beautiful walks. Stupendous cavern-quarries, canals, and +labyrinthine excavations, extend under the Castle Hill. The limestone is +remarkably rich in fossil treasures; trilobites, or, as they are vulgarly +called, "Dudley locusts," have been found here in great variety, but from +the eagerness of collectors, and the inadequate supply of these ancient +creatures yielded by the rocks, they have become scarce and costly, +instead of "not particularly valuable," as stated by a contemporary +before alluded to. + + * * * * * + +WEDNESBURY is a town of ancient origin, having been fortified against the +Danes by Ethelfleda, daughter of Alfred the Great, in 916. Extensive +collieries enrich the vicinity, and tend greatly to darken the complexion +of both houses and inhabitants; the workers of the black diamond +hereabout being a marvellously murky fraternity. Various manufactures of +iron are here carried on, and the air is generally redolent of the fumes +of coal-smoke in no small degree. The market is on Friday, and fairs May +6, and August 3. + + * * * * * + +WALSALL boasts an equally ancient history with the former place, and was +fortified by the same princess. It stands conspicuously on the summit +and acclivities of a limestone rock, which is crowned by the church, the +lofty spire of which forms a fine object. Market on Tuesday; fairs +September 24, Whit Monday, and Tuesday before Michaelmas day. Proceeding +onwards we pass under + + + +Bescot Bridge Station. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 9.5--Liverpool and Manchester, 88 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. +WEDNESBURY 1 mile WALSALL 1.5 mile +Tipton 4 miles Rushall 2.5 miles +DUDLEY 5.5 -- Over Stonnal 6.5 -- +Netherton 6.75 -- Lower Stonnal 7.5 -- +Brierley Hill 8.25 -- Shenstone 9 -- +King Swinford 8.5 -- LICHFIELD 11 -- +Wordesley 9.25 -- +The Lye 9.25 -- +STOURBRIDGE 9.75 -- +Old Swinford 10.5 -- + +THE main road from Wednesbury to Walsall crosses this bridge; pass Bescot +Hall, (Mr. Marshall's,) on the E., and reach + + + +James's Bridge Station. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 10.25--Liverpool and Manchester, 87.25 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. +Darlaston .75 mile Walsall 1.75 mile +Coseley 3 miles + +THE high road from Walsall crosses here to DARLASTON, (seen in the +distance on the W.,) another town in the iron and coal district, and, +according to tradition, the seat of Wulphere, king of Mercia, who put his +two sons to death for embracing Christianity. On the hill at Berry Bank, +are the remains of a large castle and entrenchments, and near by, a +Barrow, which it were heresy to doubt were the residence and grave of +this redoubtable personage. The chief manufactures of this, as of the +neighbouring towns, consist of various iron and steel goods. The whole +district is abundantly traversed by canals, tram-roads, &c., for the +convenient conveyance of merchandise, and presents to the passing +traveller less subject for praise in point of beauty, than for admiration +and surprise, at the closely-placed engines, mills, coal-pits, +iron-mines, and factories, which greet him on all sides, with hissing, +curling volumes of white steam, or thick massy clouds of rolling smoke. +Should the traveller journey through this strange neighbourhood by night, +the novel and wild, not to say, grand, effect of the fires, must strike +him forcibly. Huge furnaces glowing on the earth, from a dark wayside +forge; tall chimneys, themselves not seen in the gloom, vomiting forth +flames and fiery-coloured smoke, or a long range of glowing hillocks, +where flickering blazes play from the charcoal burning within: add to +these, the dusky figures of the men and boys employed in the works, and a +stranger will have a scene before him, in which the "fearsome" is oddly +enough blended with the grotesque. + + * * * * * + +In the distance, S.W. of the line, appear the Rowley Hills, a ridge of +trap or basaltic rock, which, at the time of its elevation, upheaved and +broke through the coal strata. The stone being hard and compact, the +hills are quarried for paving flags, &c. + + "The principal mass of these (trap rocks) occurs in the southern part + of the county, overlying the coal-field which surrounds the town of + Dudley. It there constitutes the material of a group of hills, + beginning on the S. of that town, and terminating about half-way + between Halesowen and Oldbury, a little beyond the village of Rowley. + These hills consist of very pure basalt, which in the neighbourhood + of Birmingham is called Rowley rag, because the village of Rowley is + situated on one of these basalt hills; and this hill appears to the + eye to be the highest of the whole range. These hills are all + covered with soil; but quarries have been opened in many of them, and + the basalt of which they are composed is employed for mending the + roads. The streets of Birmingham are likewise paved with it. The + columnar structure, though very frequent, is far from universal in + this trap, which very commonly occurs in large spherical masses, + decomposing on the surface into concentric layers. An amygdaloidal + variety containing calcareous spar and zeolite occurs S. of Dudley. + The highest point of the Rowley Hills is stated by Dr. Thompson to be + 900 feet above the Thames at Brentford."--CONYBEARE AND PHILLIPS'S + _Geology of England and Wales_. + +Passing through a cutting of considerable depth, we arrive at + + + +Willenhall Station. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 12--Liverpool and Manchester, 85.5 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. + Bilston 1.5 mile Bloxwich 3 miles. + Sedgley 4.25 miles Pelsall 4.75 -- + Lower Gornal 5.75 -- + Himley 7.25 -- + +THE small town of Willenhall, at the period of the Norman survey, was +called _Winehala_, the Saxon term for victory, probably from the great +battle fought near it in 311. The village began to flourish in the reign +of Elizabeth, when the iron manufacture was first established here: at +present, it is noted for its collieries and flourishing trade in locks, +and other articles of hardware. Population, about 5,900. + + [Picture: Wednesfield Tunnel] + +Nothing of particular interest occurs on either side of the line, till, +in approaching the long Wednesfield tunnel, the geological traveller will +observe the remarkable section formed by the excavation through the +outcropping beds of coal, which in this part rise at a great angle +towards the surface, and are worked in the neighbourhood by open +cuttings. The complete change which this abrupt ending of the coal-field +causes in the aspect of the country is very singular. On one side all is +black and murky; on the other, green and bright. + + * * * * * + +The tunnel is 180 yards in length, and the effect of a long train of +carriages passing rapidly under, is novel and grand, nor less so the +appearance of their emerging from the dark archway, to the expectant +spectators at the + + + +WOLVERHAMPTON STATION. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 14.25--Liverpool and Manchester, 83.25 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. +WOLVERHAMPTON (Town) 1 mile. Bushbury 1.75 mile. +Tettenhall 2 miles. Wednesfield 1.75 -- +Upper Penn 3.5 -- +Codsall 4.5 -- +Wombourne 5.25 -- +Himley 6 -- +Trysull 6 -- +Pattingham 6.5 -- +Albrighton 7 -- +Donington 7.5 -- +King Swinford 7.5 -- +Bonningale 8 -- +BRIDGENORTH 14 -- +SHIFFNAL 14 -- + +THE panting and smoking engine, like a huge beast, rushing along with +fiery jaws, and "such a length of tail behind," might, in a dark night, +be easily suspected of being "no canny." Divers kinds of vehicles, from +post-chaises and landaus, to caravans and _omnibii_ (as a refined friend +of ours pluralizes these universal conveyances) are in attendance at this +station, to convey passengers to the town of Wolverhampton, one mile +distant, or to their future destination. + + WOLVERHAMPTON is a place of considerable antiquity, and was called + Hanton or Hampton prior to the year 996, when Wulfrana, sister of + King Edgar, and widow of Aldhelm, Duke of Northampton, founded a + college here, endowing it with so many privileges that the town was + called in her honour, _Wulfranis Hampton_, of which its present name + is evidently a corruption. The College continued till the year 1200, + when Petrus Blesensis, who was then dean, after fruitless attempts to + reform the dissolute lives of the brethren, surrendered the + establishment to Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, and it was + subsequently annexed to the deanery of Windsor. In 1590, the greater + part of the town was destroyed by a fire, which continued burning for + five days. In the parliamentary war, Wolverhampton aided the + royalists, and Prince Rupert fixed his head-quarters here, while the + king was encamped at Bushbury. + +The town is situated on an eminence, on the N.W. side of the great +midland coal-district, and the neighbourhood abounds with iron, coal, and +limestone. The manufacture of locks, forms here as in the other towns in +the vicinity, the staple trade, to which may be added, smith's and +carpenter's tools, machinery of all kinds, furnishing ironmongery, &c. +The modern streets are well-built and lighted, and contain many handsome +and substantial houses. A public Subscription Library and News-room, +occupy the lower part of a commodious building, in which, assemblies and +concerts are likewise held. A Literary and Philosophical Society is +established, but not yet supported in a manner at all proportioned to its +merits; a circumstance not reflecting much honour on the professedly +intelligent and "higher" classes of the inhabitants. The Mechanics' +Institution is in a more flourishing condition, for obvious reasons, +being patronized by the more knowledge-loving part of the community. The +Theatre is opened occasionally; it is a small and unpretending structure. +Races are annually held in August, in an extensive area near the town, +and are well attended. In the centre of the market-place stands a +cast-iron column, forty-five feet high, surmounted by a large gas +lantern, which was intended by its sanguine projector to enlighten the +whole town and suburbs, but, alas for the great designs of short-sighted +humanity!--its sphere of usefulness is unfortunately restricted to the +attic and chamber windows of the houses immediately contiguous. + + * * * * * + +The Collegiate Church is an ancient and exceedingly beautiful cruciform +structure, in the early decorated style of architecture, with a handsome +square embattled tower rising from the centre. It contains a curious and +elaborately-carved stone pulpit, formed of one entire block, an ancient +font, and several interesting monuments. In the church-yard is a column, +twenty feet high, greatly enriched with sculpture of various designs, +supposed to be of either Saxon or Danish origin. There are several other +churches in Wolverhampton, and many religious establishments belonging to +various sects of dissenters; also a Free Grammar School, Blue Coat +Charity, National, Sunday, and other Schools. The population of +Wolverhampton is about 25,000; it has a market on Wednesday, and a fair +on July 10. + + + + +CHAPTER III. +WOLVERHAMPTON TO STAFFORD, +Fifteen Miles. + + + [Picture: Bushbury Hill and Church] + +ON quitting the station at Wolverhampton a good view is obtained of the +town and fine old Church, with the hills of Rowley Regis in the distance. +Tettenhall Wood and the Clee Hills soon add to the beauty of the +southward view; and the line is skirted by fine trees and fresh verdant +meadows, over which a peep of the distant landscape is gained at +intervals. Show Hill, and Low Hill houses are pleasantly situated on the +ridge of a hill to the E., and beyond them appears Bushbury Hill, a point +of the same elevation, with its old village Church, built about 1460; +this is perhaps the most pleasing part of the line we have yet traversed. +The Wrekin appears in the distance to the W., and nearer, the lofty and +tapering spire of Brewood (or Brood) Church, rises from its girdling +woods. Moseley Court, the ancient seat of J. G. Whitgreave, Esq., lies +E. of the line, whence but little of the house is visible, being +surrounded by stately oak groves. In this venerable mansion, Charles II. +was temporarily concealed, when on his way to Bentley. Wrottesley Park, +seat of Sir John Wrottesley, Bart., Chillington Park and Hall, the noble +residence of T. W. Giffard, Esq., and the village of Codsall, form +portions of the scenery to the S.W. All this part of the line from +Wolverhampton is on an embankment, which, however, does not exceed +fifteen feet at the highest point. On the E. appears Hilton Park, seat +of H. E. C. V. Graham, Esq., and on the W., Pendeford Hall. The villages +of Shareshill and Featherstone, lie E. of the line. A bridge here +crosses it, bearing the felicitous name of "Paradise;" happy mortals, to +reach such blessed bourne! But our stay is brief indeed; Paradise is +left far behind, and we pass onwards under and over many a bridge of +great and small degree; for the railroad even renders a common dirty +gutter, a thing of so great importance, that a stately and ponderous arch +must be erected for its insignificant accommodation! Verily, we grow +aristocratic in our indignation at such upstart doings. The honourable +fraternity of Ditch, Gutter, and Co., may, with a good grace, quote the +old fable, and exclaim, "How we apples swim;" they are marvellously +promoted since "an hundred years ago." The Stafford Canal passes under, +and the railroad over, a handsome iron bridge, between the village of +Coven on the W., and Aspley on the E. side of the line. + + * * * * * + +The wide moorland called Cannock Chase, lies E., and is for some distance +seen from the line. It was in earlier times, a forest or chase belonging +to the Mercian kings. In one part, Castle Hill, now enclosed by the +boundary of Beaudesert Park, seat of the Marquis of Anglesea, is an +ancient British encampment, surrounded by a double trench, occupying +about fourteen acres. Near it are the remains of a moat, enclosing an +oblong square of three acres, called the Old Nunnery, where a Cistercian +Abbey was founded in the reign of Stephen, which was shortly after +removed to Stoneleigh, in Warwickshire. Cannock Chase, or Heath, +contains upwards of 25,000 acres; in some parts, containing extensive +sheep walks. + + + +Four Ashes Station. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 20--Liverpool and Manchester, 77.5 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + +_Place W. of Station_. _Place E. of Station_. +Brewood 2 miles. Shareshill 2.75 miles. + +IF the reader be a passenger in a mixed train, the diminished speed will +here allow him a better chance of observation; and a fine view may be +enjoyed on the eastward, of Cannock Chase, with its undulating scenery; +and westward, Summerford Park, seat of the Hon. E. Monkton, the little +town of Brewood, and the Wrekin. Passing on, nothing of interest occurs +until the arrival at the next, the + + + +Spread Eagle Station. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 21.5--Liverpool and Manchester, 76 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. +Stretton 2 miles. CANNOCK 4.5 miles. +Lapley 3 -- Norton 6.25 -- +Wheaton Aston 4.25 -- +Weston-under-Lizzard 7 -- +Blymhill 7 -- +Tong 8.5 -- +Sheriff Hales 10.5 -- +Woodcote 11 -- +SHIFFNAL 12 -- +WELLINGTON 17 -- +SHREWSBURY 29 -- + +HERE the railroad crosses the old Roman road called Watling-street; the +ancient praetorian highway, reaching from Dover, by St. Albans, +Dunstable, Towcester, Atherstone, Shrewsbury, &c., to Cardigan; in many +places it is scarcely perceptible, while in others it continues firm for +several miles. And who can pass such a junction of roads, without a +backward glance at past years and events? without a thought of the +thousand "changes of time and tide" that this ancient track has +witnessed: the millions of human footsteps it has received:--the proud +and victorious Roman, exulting in his country's greatness and conquests, +and contemptuously spurning the savage natives, whose natural rights he +invaded:--the rapacious and desolating Dane:--the wily Saxon:--the +adventurous Norman: and now the compound people, we English, who, not +content with the ways of our fathers, must needs cross them with our +refined and scientific innovations. In sooth, this ancient road were a +fitter subject for an epic poem, than a guide-book gossip. + +Passing the Spread Eagle station, the villages of Water Eaton and +Stretton, are seen on the W., and Rodbaston Hall, with Cannock Chase +behind, on the E. The turnpike road here runs parallel with the line for +some distance. At Quarry Bridge, a short distance from Penkridge, is a +fine quarry of red sandstone, which has furnished a handsome material for +several bridges in the vicinity. From hence the church of Penkridge, and +the next arch over the line, forms an interesting picture, to which the +near arch of Quarry Bridge serves as framework. + + [Picture: Penkridge Church from Quarry Bridge] + +The church is shortly after passed, on the E., and arriving at the bridge +over the river Penk, a lovely view of the surrounding scenery presents +itself. The river appears on both sides, winding gracefully along, +between meadows and groves; on the E. is the Old Bridge, beyond which +appears Teddesley Park and Hall, the seat of Lord Hatherton, with our old +friend Cannock Chase in the distance. Westward the eye ranges over the +near objects to Preston Hill and Longridge, altogether forming a +delightful prospect. + + [Picture: Penkridge] + + + +Penkridge Station. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 24--Liverpool and Manchester, 73.5 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. +Bradley 3.75 miles. Dunstan 2.25 miles. +Church Eaton 5.25 -- Acton Trussel 2.75 -- + Bednall 3.5 -- + CANNOCK 5 -- + RUGELEY 8 -- + Armitage 10.5 -- + Malvesyn Ridware 11 -- + Longdon 11.5 -- + + PENKRIDGE is supposed by Camden to have been the Roman Pennocrucium; + its modern name seems derivable from the river Penk, on which it + stands. + +The town, from its low situation, is liable to frequent inundations. It +has no market-day, but two great cattle fairs are held here, on April 30, +and first Monday in September. The Church was made collegiate by King +John. Penkridge contains about 3,000 inhabitants. Quitting Penkridge, +the villages of Thickerscote and Silkmoor appear in the distance; and +shortly after leaving Acton Trussel to the E., and Levedale on the W., +Dunstan Church, appears above the bank of the railway, on the E. The +next object of interest is Stafford Castle, the tower of which is seen +just before arriving at + + + +STAFFORD STATION. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 29.25--Liverpool and Manchester, 68.25 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. +Castlechurch 1 mile. Baswick or Berkswick 1.5 mile. +Coppenhall 2.5 miles. Marston 3.25 miles. +Houghton 4 -- Tixall 4 -- +Gnosnal 7 -- Ingestre 4 -- +NEWPORT 12 -- Weston 4.5 -- + Sandon 5 -- + Gayton 5.5 -- + Stowe 6.75 -- + Colwich 6.75 -- + Milwich 7 -- + Fradswell 7.5 -- + Hilderston 8 -- + RUGELEY 9 -- + Gratwich 11 -- + ABBOTS BROMLEY 11 -- + UTTOXETER 14 -- + LICHFIELD 17 -- + + STAFFORD is a borough and market town; contains 8,512 inhabitants. + This place, which is of great antiquity, was anciently called + _Stadeford_, from the Saxon Stade, signifying a place on a river, and + the _trajectus_, or ford, across the river Sow, on which it is + pleasantly situated, about six miles from its confluence with the + Trent. + +The entrance from the London road, is by a neat bridge over the river, +near which was one of the ancient gates. The houses are in general +well-built, and many of them are handsome and modern erections; the +streets well paved, and the environs of the town abound with elegant +mansions and villas. Assemblies are held in a suite of rooms in the Town +Hall, and races take place annually in May. The chief branch of +manufacture is that of shoes, and the tanning of leather is carried on to +a considerable extent. Stafford is also renowned for its ale, in common +with the surrounding neighbourhood. The market is held on Saturday, and +fairs on April 5, May 14, June 25, October 3, and December 5. + + [Picture: Stafford Castle] + +From the year 700, this place has been gradually acquiring importance, +and castles have been built and rebuilt by successive princes and +possessors. In 705, it is said to have been the residence of the pious +St. Bertalin, son of a Mercian king, and we may well imagine a _royal_ +hermitage to have formed an attractive nucleus for a future city. +Ethelfleda, Countess of Mercia, erected a castle here in 913, and +fortified the town with walls and a fosse. It appears to have increased +greatly in extent and importance, and is in Doomsday Book called a city, +in which the king had eighteen burgesses in demesne, and the Earl of +Mercia twenty mansions. William the Conqueror built a castle here, to +keep the barons in subjection, and appointed as governor, Robert de +Toeni, the progenitor of the house of Stafford. It was rebuilt in the +reign of Edward III., and in the parliamentary war was garrisoned for the +king, but taken by the parliamentary troops, and finally demolished. The +lover of picturesque relics of the olden time, must regret the utter +destruction of this, and many other strong holds; but the knowledge, that +the iron-handed tyranny upheld by these feudal dens, is for ever gone by +with their departed strength, is a glorious and surpassing compensation. +Where would be our railroads, if moss-trooping barons and slavish serfs +formed, as they once did, the population of England? + + * * * * * + +The castellated building which now forms so prominent a feature in the +landscape on approaching Stafford, is a modern erection, on the ancient +site, commenced by Lord Stafford, (then Sir George Jerningham); only one +front, flanked by two round towers was completed; these now contain some +ancient armour and other curiosities. The County Hall is a spacious and +handsome building of stone, occupying one side of the Market-place. The +County Gaol is also a large and modern erection, well adapted for the +classification of prisoners, who are employed at their trades, and +receive a certain portion of their earnings on discharge. + + * * * * * + +The Church, dedicated to St. Mary, formerly collegiate, is an ancient and +spacious cruciform structure, in the early style of English architecture, +with a lofty octagonal tower rising from the intersection. The north +entrance is richly ornamented, and the interior beautifully arranged, the +piers and arches are of the early English, passing into the decorated +style. The east window is an elegant specimen of the later English. In +the north transept is an ancient font of great beauty, highly ornamented +with sculptured figures and animals. There are many ancient monuments; +amongst the most conspicuous, are those of the family of Aston, of +Tixall. There are two other Churches, one, St. Chadd's, originally in +the Norman style, but much and incongruously altered; also, places of +worship for the Society of Friends, Independents, Wesleyan Methodists, +and Roman Catholics. The Free Grammar School was refounded by Edward +VI.; there are also National and other Schools, and a variety of Public +Institutions, among which the Infirmary, and Lunatic Asylum are the +chief. + + * * * * * + +In olden times, a Priory of Black Canons existed here, founded in 1151; a +small part of whose ruined abode remains, in the shape of a farm house, +two miles east of the town. There were likewise, a House of Friars +Eremites; a Priory of Franciscan Friars, and other monastic +establishments, all dismantled at the dissolution. The most celebrated +native of Stafford, is Isaac Walton, the angler, a name well-beloved by +all votaries of the (so called) "_gentle_ sport," though there are and +have been many who rather think with the Poet, that + + "The quaint, old, cruel coxcomb, in his gullet + Should have a hook, and a small trout to pull it." + + BYRON. + + + + +CHAPTER IV. +STAFFORD TO WHITMORE, +Fourteen Miles. + + +IN leaving Stafford station, the Castle appears to the W. and the Town, +E. of the line. Beacon Hill is seen immediately over the latter. On +proceeding a short distance through a flat country, the little village of +Aston is passed on the W., and Creswell Hall, (Rev. T. Whitley,) on the +E., which, encompassed by richly wooded grounds, and overlooking the +meanderings of the little river Sow, forms a fine object in the general +landscape. The house is a plain, neat structure. Much of the ground +here is marshy, and abounds with willows, whose light silvery foliage +agreeably diversifies the meadow and woodland scenery; amid which, on the +W., peeps the pretty tower of Seighford Church. + + * * * * * + +Passing two successive cuttings of no great depth, and through a marshy +district adorned by poplar and willow trees, we arrive at + + + +Bridgeford Station. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 32.75--Liverpool and Manchester, 64.75 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. +Seighford 1 mile. +Ranton 2.75 miles. +Ellenhall 3 -- +Norbury 7.5 -- + +On the E. is Bridgeford Hall, the estate of J. Reynolds, Esq., formerly a +Convent. Some remains of the ancient buildings still exist in different +parts of the hall and garden. + + A story of a subterranean passage also belongs to this relic of olden + times, which passage, says tradition, leads to Ellenhall, about two + miles distant; and we have been told that in digging a well a few + years since the passage was discovered. + +A picturesque Mill stands near the Hall. Passing Chebsey W., and +Whitgreave on the E., we reach Shallowford, where a few scattered +cottages represent the honours of the Village, and the Sow, which almost +emulates the winding propensities of the fair river Wye, meanders quietly +among the meadows. At Shallowford Bridge, which is chiefly built for the +convenience of farmers, whose cattle and teams are constantly traversing +it, a person is generally stationed with a red flag to give a signal for +trains to slacken their speed at this part, if cattle are passing at the +time. + +A pleasant but not very interesting portion of the line brings us to + + + +Norton Bridge Station. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 35--Liverpool and Manchester, 62.5 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. +Chebsey 1.25 mile. STONE 3 miles. +ECCLESHALL 2.5 miles. Swinnerton 4.5 -- +Standon 5 -- Hilderston 6.25 -- +High Oftley 6.5 -- Barlaston 6.5 -- +Adbaston 6.5 -- Fulford 7.5 -- +Cheswardine 9.5 -- Trentham 8 -- +Hinstock 13 -- Draycott 9.5 -- + LANE END 10 -- + CHEADLE 14 -- + + TWO miles and a half W. of this station lies the small town of + Eccleshall, which at the time of the Conquest belonged to the See of + Lichfield. In 1200, Bishop Muschamp obtained a licence from King + John, to embattle the episcopal residence; which was much repaired, + or rebuilt, by Bishop Langton in 1310. During the parliamentary war + it was so much damaged in a siege, previously to being taken by the + parliamentarians, as to be unfit for the further residence of the + church-militant commanders-in-chief, until Bishop Lloyd rebuilt it in + 1695; since which time it has continued to be the episcopal palace of + the See of Lichfield and Coventry. The grounds and woods belonging + to the palace are pleasant and extensive. The church was the + sanctuary of Queen Margaret, after Lord Audley's defeat by the Earl + of Salisbury, at Blore Heath. It is a spacious structure, in the + ancient English style of architecture, and contains several + monuments. + + The town of Stone lies three miles E. of the line, and is not seen + from it; the name is traditionally derived from a monumental heap of + stones, which, according to the custom of the Saxons had been placed + over the bodies of the princes Wulford and Rufinus, who were here + slain by their father king Wulphere, on account of their conversion + to Christianity. [_See page_ 20.] The king himself becoming + subsequently a convert, founded, in 670, a college of Secular Canons, + dedicating it to his children, in expiation of his crime: and to this + establishment the town is supposed to owe its origin. The prevailing + manufacture is that of shoes. Population, 7,808. + +Although none of the towns in the great district called the Potteries, +are upon or even seen from the line of route, yet they lie so near, that +it would scarcely be well to omit all mention of this great manufacturing +neighbourhood, which encloses about ten square miles of country, covered +with scattered villages, and containing about 20,000 inhabitants. +Although the making of articles of pottery has been carried on here from +a remote period, yet the manufacture was of inferior importance, until +the great improvements effected by Mr. Wedgewood in the latter part of +the last century; since which time the excellence and beauty of the +wares, have produced a most extensive traffic both in England and abroad. +The exports of earthenware and china to the United States alone, amount +to 60,000 packages annually. The several species of ware invented by Mr. +Wedgewood, varied by the industry and ingenuity of the manufacturers into +an infinity of forms, and differently painted and embellished, constitute +nearly the whole of the fine earthenwares at present manufactured in +England, which are the object of a very extensive trade. The chief towns +and villages in the Pottery district are, Stoke-upon-Trent, Hanley, +Burslem, Lane End, Shelton, Etruria, Tunstall, Lane Delph, and others. + + * * * * * + +Proceeding from Norton Bridge, through some pretty, common-place country, +we pass Baddenhall, Field Cross, and Brockton-house on the W., and +Coldmese on the E., and soon gain a view of Swinnerton Park and Hall, +seat of T. Fitzherbert, Esq., which, with the small grove-like woods +scattered through the landscape, forms, as the quaint Dugdale would say, +"a verye faire prospect." The next small representation of a village is +Mill Meese, with its old Hall standing close beside the line; the +water-mill wheel, formerly accustomed to have no rival sound interrupt +its rumbling, splashing solo, now seems wofully outdone by the rapidly +rolling trains, and lifts up its unheard voice in vain. The river Sow +still flows close to the line. Westward lie the villages of Walford and +Aspley, but too much concealed by wood to be discovered in passing. +Trentham Park, seat of the Marquis of Sutherland, is perceived on the +N.E. The mansion is a modern structure; the surrounding grounds are very +extensive, abound with fine timber, and greatly adorned by lakes, formed +by the river Trent, which flows through the park. + + * * * * * + +Standon Church, with the richly wooded country round, forms a pleasing +object W. of the line. + + [Picture: Standon Church] + +Passing on, another Swinnerton Park appears on the E., there being two of +that name. Hill Chorlton and Chapel Chorlton, with the picturesque +church tower of the latter, appears W. of the traveller. A short +distance of pretty wooded scenery intervenes, and then a shallow cutting, +passing which, Maer Wood is seen on the W. Maer Hall, seat of J. +Wedgewood, Esq. + + * * * * * + +Shortly after, the line enters a deep cutting, which ends at + + + +WHITMORE STATION. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 43.25--Liverpool and Manchester, 54.25 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. +Maer 1.75 mile. NEWCASTLE-UNDER- 5 miles. + LYME +Chapel Chorlton 3 miles. Trentham 5 -- +Ashley 3.5 -- Wolstanton 6.5 -- +Standon 5 -- Shelton 7 -- +Broughton 5.5 -- STOKE 7 -- +Mucklestone or Muxton 6 -- BURSLEM 7.5 -- +Norton 7.5 -- HANLEY 7.5 -- +MARKET DRAYTON 10 -- Tunstall 8.5 -- + LANE END 8.5 -- + Norton-on-the- 9 -- + Moor + LEEK 16 -- + +CHAPTER V. +WHITMORE TO CREWE, +Ten and .75 Miles. + + +AN extensive heathy bog is traversed by the line, after leaving Whitmore +station, and, as we have heard an ancient tradition anent it, will tell +the tale for the edification of our readers, "extenuating nothing." + + Once upon a time there was a large forest in this part, and when the + Romans were amusing themselves with hunting our worthy ancestors, a + large body of the ancient Britons took refuge therein. In order to + come at them these terrible Romans set fire to the forest, which + burnt in a very fearful and dreadful manner; but our information does + not extend to the exact measure of scorching endured by the miserable + prisoners within this fiery fence, or whether they escaped by flight, + or were consumed wholesale in the burning forest, which, with the + accumulation of vegetable matter during past ages, has formed the + bog, now "passed with the swiftness of tornado-blast," by "Wildfires" + and "Rockets." + +Opposite the Bog-house is one of the highest points of the line, the road +inclining towards Liverpool one way, and towards Birmingham the other. +Snape Hall is prettily situated among rich woods on the E. of the line; +and a short distance farther Barr Hill appears on the W. It is a +considerable elevation, and on a clear day, Liverpool may be seen from +it. Madeley Parks and Manor House lie W. of the line. The latter is the +seat of Lady Cunliffe, daughter of Lord Crewe, to whose family, the +adjoining land, formerly a fine deer park, anciently belonged. Hay +House, a small, old, brick building, stands close to the line of railway +on the E. One cannot help feeling an odd sort of commiseration for these +ancient abodes of the last generation, which have stood, and grown old +and grey, in the once quiet and out-of-the-world nooks where the +convenience of the farmer, or the retired taste of the small country +squire, had located them; and now, to see the iron ribs of the innovating +railroad carried up to their very threshold, has something of sadness in +it, even in the midst of our modern pride and gratulation. It is like +pert youth, exhibiting and vaunting of its strength and valorous deeds, +to decrepid and helpless age. But what have we to do with such dreams? +"Locomotives" wait for no man's fancies, and we must e'en follow their +course. Soon after passing which, we reach + + + +Madeley Station. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 46--Liverpool and Manchester, 51.5 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. +Woore 2.5 miles. Betley 3 miles. +Norton 5.5 -- NEWCASTLE 5 -- +Mucklestone or Muxton 5.5 -- +Audlem 7 -- +Adderley 9.5 -- +Burley Dam 11 -- +WHITCHURCH 15 -- + +THE village, which is rather eastward of the line, consists chiefly of +cottages and farm houses in the Elizabethan style. The Church is an +ancient and interesting structure, with a fine set of bells. An +eccentric, named Samuel Stretch, noted for his penurious habits, +bequeathed, in 1804, a great bell, to be tolled every night at eight +o'clock, as a guide to persons wandering about at such late and improper +hours; he having accidently fallen into a ditch, the consequences of +which disaster eventually caused his death. The small town of Woore lies +three miles W. Passing several slight cuttings, and again gaining the +open country, a fine prospect appears, including Checkley Wood, +Doddington Park, on the W., Heighley Castle on the E., and the Welsh +Hills in the distance. Doddington Hall, seat of Lieut. Gen. Sir John +Delves Broughton, Bart., is a splendid mansion of comparatively modern +erection. A fortified house was erected here in 1364, by Sir John +Delves, the venerable ruins of which still remain. The park is finely +wooded, and includes a very noble avenue of ancient oaks. Heighley +Castle partakes the traditionary honour so lavishly bestowed on such +places, of having been "battered down" by Cromwell. It has been said, +"no man can be in two places at once, unless he be a _bird_." And our +renowned Oliver must needs have been wonderfully endowed with this +ornithological ubiquity, if we are to allow a shade of credence to the +countless and unaccountable stories of his sieges in _propria persona_. +A lofty embankment and two viaducts carry the line through the pretty +valley of Wrinehill; the Hall and Mill forming very pleasing objects in +the scene. The line here enters Cheshire. Betley and Betley Mere form +the next view, after emerging from a short excavation, called Bunker's +Hill. Betley Court, the residence of J. Twemlow, Esq., with its +surrounding woods and fields, and the pretty mere or lakelet in front, +afford a very pleasing view. + + * * * * * + +In the rear distance, S.E., is a fine view of Boond Hill and Mow Copp, on +the round summit of the latter is a stone monument, distinctly seen. +These hills, which lie at a considerable distance, join in the landscape +for some space. Chorlton is the first village we pass in Cheshire, and +Wybunbury, a place of much more importance, is concealed by the woods +about the former, except the Church, which peers above them. This Church +was rebuilt in 1595; it is a spacious structure, with carved wooden +ceilings, and a lofty pinnacled tower, which leaned so much to the N.E., +that a few years since it was found requisite to place it erect, when +some alterations were made in the body of the Church. To the W. is +Basford Hall, soon after passing which, we arrive at + + + +Basford Station. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 52--Liverpool and Manchester, 45.5 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Place E. of Station_. +Hough .5 mile. Betley 2 miles. +Wybunbury 1.25 -- Barthomley 3 -- +Walgherton 2 miles. Audley 4 -- +Doddington 2.5 -- Alsager 5 -- +NANTWICH 4 -- Talk 6 -- +Audlem 5 -- Church Lawton 6 -- +Burley Dam 7 -- +Baddiley 7 -- +Wrenbury 9 -- + +CREWE HALL, the mansion of Lord Crewe, which appears E. of the line, is a +large and handsome quadrangular structure of red brick, surrounded by +finely undulating grounds, and a lake of considerable extent. + + + +CREWE STATION. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 54--Liverpool and Manchester, 43.5 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + +_Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. +NANTWICH 4 miles. Haslington 2 miles. +Acton 5.25 -- SANDBACH 5 -- +Baddiley 7.5 -- Astbury 10 -- +Wrenbury 9 -- CONGLETON 11 -- +MALPAS 17 -- Gawsworth 13.5 -- + MACCLESFIELD 19 -- + +NANTWICH, four miles W. of Crewe, contains 5,350 inhabitants, and has a +market on Saturdays, and fairs, chiefly for cattle, on March 26, second +Tuesday in June, September 4, and December 4. + + Previously to the Conquest, the wealth of this place consisted in its + numerous brine springs. Its origin is attributed to the Britons; and + its name appears to be derived from the British word _Nant_, a brook + or marsh, and the Saxon _vic_, by corruption _wich_, a vill, or + settlement. The latter term seems generally attached to the names of + towns where salt is made. This town has had its full share of + plague, pestilence, and war, in times past, and twice suffered + greatly from fire, in the years 1438 and 1583. During the civil war + it staunchly supported the parliament. + +The town is situated on the banks of the river Weaver, in a level and +fertile tract of country. Most of the houses are of timber and brick, +covered with plaster, with projecting stories, and large bay-windows. +There is a small Theatre and Assembly-room. In the time of Henry VIII., +there were three hundred salt works; this number has been gradually +reduced, in consequence of superior mines and springs being discovered +elsewhere, and now only one spring remains. Shoes, gloves, and cotton +goods are the chief manufactures now, and cheese the principal +agricultural produce. The Church is a spacious and venerable structure, +in the decorated and later English styles, comprising a nave, with +lateral aisles, a chancel, transepts, and an ornamented octagonal tower, +rising from the intersection. There are Meetings and Chapels for +Dissenters, and various Schools. John Gerarde, whose fine old work, +called Gerarde's Herbal, is familiar to every botanist, was a native of +Nantwich, born in 1545. + + + + +CHAPTER VI. +CREWE TO HARTFORD, +Eleven and .75 Miles. + + +QUITTING the Crewe station, around which is little to attract the +traveller's notice, the line proceeds nearly without a curve, and for +some distance enables the passengers of one train, to observe the +approach of another. A branch railway is in progress from Crewe, to +Manchester on one side, and to Chester on the other. The tower of +Coppenhall Church is the first object on the W. This Church is an old +wood and plaster structure, of the style prevalent in the reign of +Elizabeth, and looking almost as if modern times had forgotten it, so +quaint and old it is. + + * * * * * + +Passing the Church and Village, we arrive at + + + +Coppenhall Station. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 56--Liverpool and Manchester, 41.5 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. +Minshull Moss 2 miles. Coppenhall Moss 1 mile. +Lea Green 2 -- Warmingham 3 miles. +Leighton 2.5 -- SANDBACH 5 -- +Church Minshull 3.5 -- +Worleston Green 4.5 -- +Acton 5.5 -- + +THE country near the line in this part becomes flat, boggy, and +uninteresting; for though an ancient moss is a scene of uncloying +interest to a naturalist, and contains many a treasure to reward the +patient seeking of the botanist; yet, in the cursory glance of a railroad +traveller, its sombre, and, as he perhaps thinks, unprofitable waste, is +a scene gladly exchanged for verdant pastures and waving corn fields. +Here is a whole family of mosses, all lying closely contiguous, and +quaking under the foot of the pedestrian wanderer among their heathy +labyrinths, "like a great jelly bag," as the graphic authoress of "Wood +Leighton," that most graceful, good, and womanly book, quaintly describes +a like spot. Coppenhall Moss, Leighton Moss, Warmington Moss, and, for +aught we know, half a score more, compose the near view, with the welcome +variety afforded by Warmingham Wood in the distance. + + * * * * * + +The towns of Sandbach and Congleton lie on the E., but are not seen from +the line. The former contains about 7,200 inhabitants. The market is on +Thursday, and fairs on Easter Tuesday and Wednesday, and the first +Thursday after September 11; and a cattle and pleasure fair on December +27, for cattle and wearing apparel. In the market-place are some ancient +crosses, repaired in 1816. The church is in the later English style. +There are Dissenting Chapels, and several Schools. Congleton contains +9,352 individuals. It is an ancient place, and is called _Cogletone_ in +Doomsday Book, but its origin has not been clearly ascertained. The town +is situated in a valley, embosomed in richly wooded hills: the eastern +part is old and irregularly built; the western is modern. In the +environs, especially on the banks of the river, are many elegant mansions +and villas. The market is on Saturday; the fairs on the Thursday before +Shrovetide, May 12, July 12, and December 22. The Market-house, +containing a handsome Assembly-room, was built in 1822, at the sole +expense of Sir E. Antrobus, Bart. + + + +Minshull Vernon Station. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 58.75--Liverpool and Manchester, 38.75 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. +Church Minshull 2 miles. Warmingham 2.5 miles. +Bunbury 6.75 -- SANDBACH 5 -- +Tattenhall 12 -- +Harthill 12.25 -- + +HERE the scenery becomes more interesting, from the distant view afforded +on the W. of Beeston Castle Hill, and the high lands in Cheshire and +Wales. + + [Picture: Beeston Hill] + + Beeston Castle was founded by Ranulph de Blundeville, about 1220, and + was made a royal garrison, in the war between Henry III., and the + confederate Barons. In 1643, Beeston Castle was held by a detachment + of the Parliamentarian forces, then taken by the Royalists, who were, + after a long siege in 1645, compelled, from want of provisions, to + surrender it; and the Parliamentarians dismantled it early the + following year. The ruins consist of part of a tower which guarded + the principal entrance to the inner court, flanked by semi-circular + bastions, and surrounded by a moat, excavated in the solid rock. The + outer walls were defended by eight round towers, irregularly placed, + and are now covered with ivy. + +On the N.W. appears Delamere Forest, which continues to form part of the +railroad prospect for some space. This tract, which includes the ancient +and royal forest of Delamere, was uninclosed till 1812, when it was +erected into a parish by act of parliament. It was formerly a dreary +waste, but is now rapidly improving in fertility and increased +population. On its enclosure, it first gave the title of Baron Delamere +of Vale Royal, to Thomas Cholmondeley, Esq., the proprietor of the +ancient possessions of the Cistercian monks of Vale Royal, whose +sumptuous Abbey was completed in 1330, by Edward I., and cost 32,000. +There are races in March, called the Tanfield Hunt. + + Delamere Forest, comprising about 10,000 acres, once contained a + great number of red and fallow deer: it exhibits a pleasing variety + of well-wooded hills, rich valleys for pasturage, waters affording + plenty of fish and water-fowl; and mosses, producing an abundance of + peat and turf for fuel. Upon the highest hill stood the Saxon + fortress of Finborrow, and near it the city of Eadesbury, both of + which are said to have been founded by Ethelfleda, daughter of Alfred + the Great. The ancient residence of the Chief Forester is all that + now remains; this house is called the Chamber of the Forest; and at + convenient distances around it are neat lodges for the keepers of the + several walks. Five thousand acres of the forest have been planted + with forest trees within the last twenty years. The remaining + portion is sold or allotted to private individuals. + +Journeying on, we pass Lea Hall, a plain, old-fashioned building, close +to the line, and can just perceive Over Church above the trees; this part +of the line being more clothed with wood than that we have recently +described. Here the Middlewich Canal is crossed, and is seen on the E., +in which direction, two miles from the line, lies the town of Middlewich, +containing about 4,800 inhabitants, with a market on Thursday, and fairs +on Holy Thursday, Aug. 25, and Oct. 29. The name of this town is derived +from its central situation with respect to the Wiches, or Salt Towns. A +Roman station is supposed to have existed here, from the remains of a +Roman road, and an intrenched camp. The Royalists were defeated here +during the civil war, and the same fortune befel the Parliamentarian +forces subsequently. The town is divided by the Grand Trunk Canal, here +crossed by the river Dane; and the rivers Weyer, Croco, and Whelock, also +run through the parish. The chief trade consists in salt obtained from +powerful brine-springs: there are also some silk manufactories. The +church, being built at various periods, presents an assemblage of +different styles of architecture: it has a handsome tower. Here are also +dissenting meetings, and a free school, which, like many like +establishments, fulfils, but in a very limited degree, the intentions of +its founders. Delamere Forest and Over Church again form the westerly +view. + +The small straggling town of Over lies about a mile W. of the line; it +contains 2,930 inhabitants; has no market, but fairs on May 15 and Sept. +25. The church was re-built in 1543, by Hugh Starkey, Gentleman Usher to +Henry VIII., in the later English style of architecture. An effigy of +brass in the interior of the church, perpetuates the memory of the pious +Hugh; a curious font, and some other antiquities, may also be seen. Salt +is the chief manufacture. In the extreme distance on the S.E., a clear +day allows a tolerable view of the Derbyshire hills from this part of the +line; Stanthorne Hall, seat of Richard Dutton, Esq., also E., is passed +immediately before reaching the + + + +Winsford Station. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 61.25--Liverpool and Manchester, 36.25 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. +Over 2 miles. MIDDLEWICH 2 miles. +Little Budworth 5.25 -- Brereton cum Smethwick 7.5 -- +TARPORLEY 8.5 -- Swettenham 9.5 -- +Waverton 15 -- Nether Alderley 14.5 -- + +BOSTOCK HALL, seat of James France France, Esq., and Wharton, _would_ be +seen E. from the railroad after leaving the station, but that the line +enters a shallow cutting; the banks of which hide the view "just at the +very time when they should not." An opening gives a glimpse of the woods +about the house, and that is all. The next peep is westward again, at +Moulson: and after passing another cutting (this word _cutting_ is an +inelegant term, which does not fall into our prose with ease; but we +cannot avoid it, belonging, as it does, to railroad phraseology) we gain +a view of Vale Royal Park and New Park on the W., the pleasant woodland +glades of which are soon shut out by another cutting which takes us +through Eaton, and by Eaton Hall, seat of Sir E. Antrobus. We now +approach one of the most magnificent parts of the railway, and of the +scenery skirting it; the Vale Royal Viaduct, over which the line passes +for five hundred feet, and beneath which the river Weaver winds through +the vale in graceful sweeps, girt with verdant meadows; on the E. it is +crossed by the simple old bridge, now looking very humble, in the +presence of its magnificent neighbour. The viaduct consists of five +arches of immense span, it is built of a reddish stone, and is a noble +erection. The traveller will do well to be alert and on the "look out" +in this part, or the view will escape him. Westward lies Vale Royal +Park, rich in the grandeur of its ancient woods, and nearly hidden among +them is Delamere Abbey, the old and venerable seat of Lord Delamere. +Little remains now of the ancient building, which was not, as described +by Warton in his Elegy, seen "high o'er the trackless heath," but was +seated in a deep valley on the banks of the river Weaver. The present +mansion consists of a centre and two wings of red stone. The great hall +is a magnificent apartment. + + [Picture: Vale Royal Viaduct] + + The marvellous enlightenment of the 19th century, great as we deem + it, has not yet penetrated those holes and corners of prejudice and + credulity, which serve for the hiding places of superstition, for + even in the eye of the Railroad itself are those living who speak + with awe of the so-called prophecies, said to be made by the poor + driveller Robert Nixon, the Cheshire sage. It so happens, very + oddly, that predictions are sometimes remembered _when_ verified, and + not before. So was the curious and very oracular one of the past + year, so often quoted,-- + + "A summer without a spring, + And an autumn without a king," + + which no one can deny was very remarkable indeed--only it was too + disloyal to be circulated till certainty had secured its truth. Poor + Nixon wishing, doubtlessly, to compliment his patrons, the + Cholmondeley family, with a "May-the-king-live-for-ever" kind of + benediction, promised that till certain stones or rocks near + Warrington came to Vale Royal, the prosperity of their family should + continue. Unluckily, stones have grown locomotive of late, and + "Birnam Wood doth come to Dunsinane," for the fatal rocks have become + part of the grand viaduct, which, far from bringing ill to the noble + Delamere, is a link in the mighty chain now weaving, which shall bind + together art, science, talent, wealth, and greatness, for the good of + all who are so blessed as to live in the age of RAILROADS. + +The line passes through a deep cutting before arriving at the + + + +HARTFORD STATION. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 65.75--Liverpool and Manchester, 31.75 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. +Newchurch 2.25 miles. Davenham 1.5 miles. +Little Budworth 5.5 -- NORTHWICH 2 -- +TARPORLEY 8 -- Great Budworth 6 -- +Tarvin 10 -- NETHER KNUTSFORD 9 -- +Great Barrow 11 -- Rostherne 10.5 -- +Guilden Sutton 13 -- Mobberley 11.5 -- +Waverton 13.5 -- Wilmslow 15.5 -- +Christleton 13.5 -- +CHESTER 16 -- + +CHAPTER VII. +HARTFORD TO WARRINGTON, +Twelve and .25 Miles. + + +PROCEEDING from the Hartford station, the banks of the cutting conceal +much of the scenery. The small and scattered village of Gorstage appears +on the W. From Hartford station to Acton station the evenness of the +ground renders a train visible to a spectator, at either place, the +entire distance. + + The town of Northwich lies two miles E. of the railway; has a market + on Friday, and fairs on April 10, for cattle only, August 2, and + December 6. Camden is of opinion, that the brine springs here were + used by the Romans, and says, the town was anciently called + Hellah-Du, or the Black Salt Town. The town has a very antique + appearance, and contains a church very remarkable for its + semi-circular choir, and for the curious decorations of the roof of + the nave, which consist of numerous figures of wicker baskets, + similar to those used in the process of salt-making. The commercial + prosperity of Northwich, is entirely dependent upon its numerous + brine springs and extensive mines of rock salt; in which article the + trade is so great, as to produce an annual export of 100,000 tons + from the springs alone. They were discovered at a very early period, + and are usually more than one hundred yards in depth. The brine, + being raised by pumps set in motion by steam-engines, is conveyed by + pipes into pans, thirty or forty feet square: these are fixed over + furnaces, the heat arising from which, causes the water to evaporate, + and the salt to crystallise; it is then drained and dried, and is fit + for sale. The mines of rock salt were discovered in 1670, the upper + stratum, lying about sixty yards below the surface of the earth, is + ten yards thick. About 1772, a second stratum, ten feet thick, and + of superior quality, was discovered, at the depth of one hundred and + ten yards, the intermediate space being occupied by a solid mass of + stone. This latter bed alone is worked by the following process:--A + shaft is sunk, and on reaching the mine a roof of salt is left, + supported by pillars of the same material. As the excavation + proceeds, the fragments are raised in buckets by means of + steam-engines. The pits form an area of two, three, or four acres, + and when illuminated, present a singularly beautiful and magnificent + appearance; the light being reflected from all points in every + variety of hue, as from a promiscuous assemblage of mirrors and + prisms. This fairy palace was the scene of an elegant entertainment, + given by the spirited proprietors, to about a hundred of the members + of the British Association, during the meeting at Liverpool, in 1837. + + From an account published in 1818, it appeared that 200,000 tons of + manufactured salt, and upwards of 40,000 tons of rock salt, were + landed at Liverpool during the preceding year, and that upwards of + 280,000 bushels are annually sold for internal consumption, by far + the greatest proportion having been obtained in this neighbourhood; + since that period the business has materially increased. The river + Weaver and the Grand Trunk Canal afford great facilities for + water-carriage from Northwich; and three hundred vessels are employed + in the salt trade alone, which return laden with coal. + +Passing through one or two slight cuttings, the line commands a fine view +of Grange Hall, which stands on a well-wooded hill, near to the railway +on the W. Eastward, is the village of Weaverham, and Winnington Hall, +and, in the distance, the Overton Hills. The cutting at Acton Heath +terminates near the + + + +Acton Station. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 68.25--Liverpool and Manchester, 29.25 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. +Crowton 1.5 mile. Weaverham 1 mile. +Cuddington 1.75 -- Barnton 3 miles. +Kingsley 3 miles. Great Budworth 5 -- +Delamere House 3.5 -- +Tarvin 10.25 -- + +HAVING left Acton, the prospect is much impeded for some distance by the +frequent cuttings through which the line passes; in the intervals, the +Overton Hills appear on the W. Aston Hall (seat of the late H. C. Aston, +Esq.) and grounds are shortly seen on the E., and immediately in front +lies Dutton Wood. The traveller now approaches the magnificent viaduct +crossing the river Weaver and the valley of Dutton. + + This gigantic structure exceeds in magnitude anything of the kind yet + accomplished in this country, or perhaps in Europe, not even + excepting the Menai Bridge. The Viaduct is of the Gothic order, + formed of red sand-stone procured from the neighbourhood of Bolton + and Runcorn; it consists of twenty arches, of sixty feet span, and + sixty feet in height, and the battlements add twelve feet more to the + height; the whole length is 1,400 feet: 700,000 cubic feet of stone + have been used in the work--the whole cost was 50,000. + +The grandeur of this stupendous work is greatly enhanced by the richness +and beauty of the adjacent country. + + [Picture: Dutton Viaduct] + + _Completion of the Dutton Viaduct_. On Friday, January 9, 1837, was + performed the ceremony of laying the last, or key stone, of the + magnificent viaduct across the Weaver, at Dutton. A party of the + directors from Liverpool attended, and were met by Mr. Locke, the + engineer, and the resident engineers and contractors on the line. + Mr. Heyworth, as the senior director present, after placing the last + stone in its bed, addressed the party. He congratulated the workmen + (of whom about one hundred and fifty were present) on their steady + perseverance and diligence in bringing to perfection so noble a work: + he rejoiced to find, that, in the erection of this, the greatest and + first structure of its kind in the kingdom, no life or limb had been + sacrificed. Mr. Locke, the engineer, and the Rev. W. Stanhope, also + addressed the meeting. The health of the workmen was then given by + Mr. Locke, amid hearty cheers. In the evening, the viaduct was + illuminated with torches, and fireworks were displayed in great + abundance; during which time the workmen were regaled with a good + dinner and excellent cheer.--_Chester Courant_. + +The traveller who would enjoy glimpses of railroad views, must bear in +mind the velocity of his conveyance, and prepare to "see whatever can be +seen," or the most important objects will have glanced by the windows of +his comfortable locomotive arm-chair coach, before any second person can +warn him of their presence. Emerging from a cutting, which immediately +succeeds the viaduct, Dutton Hall is observed on the E. backed by wood. +A short distance farther, a fine rear-view is obtained (only by outside +passengers we fear) of the Weaver, the vale of Dutton, Cogshall Park +beyond, and in the distance the range of Derbyshire Hills. Passing +between Bird Wood and Dutton Wood, we reach the tunnel at Preston Brook, +110 yards in length, over which the Chester road passes. + + + +Preston Brook Station. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 72.5--Liverpool and Manchester, 25 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. +FRODSHAM 3 miles. +Ince 9.5 -- +Plemondstall 10.5 -- +Thornton Le Moors 11.5 -- +Guilden Sutton 11.5 -- +Stoak or Stoke 12.5 -- +Chester 13 -- +Backford 14 -- + +PRESTON, though a small place, is one of considerable traffic, from its +vicinity to the salt districts, and to the Grand Trunk Canal. + + Frodsham lies three miles W. of the line at this part; it has a + market on Saturday, and fairs on May 15, and August 21. The + principal branch of trade is salt refining, besides which, there are + flour mills and cotton factories. This place is mentioned in + Doomsday Book, as being the property of the Earl of Chester. The + town, situated on an eminence on the banks of the Weaver, near its + confluence with the Mersey, consists of a broad street, a mile in + length; at the E. end is a bridge of four arches over the Weaver, and + at the W. end anciently stood a Norman castle; another street leads + to the Church, an ancient structure, partly in the Norman style of + architecture. + +Norton Priory, the residence of Sir Richard Brooke, Bart., is seen on the +W. A religious establishment formerly existed here, some ancient parts +of which are included in the present mansion. The Duke of Bridgewater's +canal runs through the park. In the rear of Norton Priory, as seen from +the railway, is the now busy and important town of Runcorn, containing +10,326 inhabitants. + + In 915, Ethelfleda, sister to King Edward the Elder, widow of + Ethelred, King of Mercia, built a town and castle near the river + Mersey, at this place, some traces of which are still visible. In + 1133, William Fitz Nigel founded here a monastery of canons regular, + which, in the reign of Stephen, was removed to Norton Priory above + mentioned. + +Runcorn is a place of considerable resort for bathing, and has been +recently much enlarged, and improved by handsome buildings, &c. The +township abounds with fine stone quarries, from which great quantities +are sent by water to Liverpool, Manchester, &c. Here are extensive +chemical and soap works, in connexion with which a chimney of 273 feet in +height, and of great beauty, has recently been erected. The church is in +the early and later styles of English architecture. Near Runcorn are the +fine ruins of Halton Castle, situated on a steep eminence, and commanding +an extensive and beautifully varied prospect, including the Mersey +estuary, the Welsh mountains, and richly-wooded scenery in Cheshire and +Lancashire. This fortress was demolished during the civil wars. +Eastward, passing Keakwick, and Daresbury, where is a fine old church, +The Elms appear. Passing which we arrive at + + + +Moore Station. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 75--Liverpool and Manchester, 22.5 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places W. of Station_. _Places E. of Station_. +Halton 3.5 miles. Daresbury 1.25 mile. +Lower Runcorn 4 -- Hatton 2.25 -- +Higher Runcorn 4.5 -- Stretton 3.75 -- +Weston 5 -- Grappenhall 4.5 -- + +THE pretty village of Moore is not seen from the line. Richly-wooded +country lies on either side the road now, and occasionally peeping +through the trees, the masts of vessels passing on the Mersey may be +observed. The Mersey Viaduct is next traversed. This, though far less +grand in appearance than the Dutton Viaduct, is a fine erection of 200 +yards in length, consisting of twelve arches, nine being small, and three +of larger span, beneath which the river Mersey, and the Mersey and Irwell +Canal pass. Shortly after leaving the viaduct the town of Warrington is +seen on the E., and westward lies Penketh, and the small white buildings +at Fiddler's Ferry. + + + +WARRINGTON STATION. + + + Distance to Birmingham, 78--Liverpool and Manchester, 19.5 miles. + + DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:-- + + _Places E. of Station_. +Grappenhall 3.5 miles. +Lymm 5.5 -- +Warburton 8 -- +Bowdon 11.75 -- +ALTRINGHAM 12 -- + +WARRINGTON forms a pleasing view from the approaching trains. + + It contains 19,155 inhabitants, and is by some writers supposed to + have been originally a British town, and on the invasion of the + Romans under Agricola, in 79, to have been converted into a Roman + station. This supposition rests chiefly on the circumstances of + three Roman roads tending hitherwards to a ford over the Mersey; the + vestiges of a castrum and fosse, still discernable; and the discovery + of Roman coins and other relics near the ford. On its occupation by + the Saxons, it obtained the name of _Weringtun_, from _Waering_, a + fortification, and _tun_, a town. The river was passed by ford till + 1496, when Thomas, first Earl of Derby, erected a stone bridge in + compliment to Henry VII., when on his visit to Latham and Knowsley. + In the reign of Henry VIII., Leland, speaking of Warrington, says, + "It is a pavid towne of prety bignes, the paroche chirce is at the + tayle of the towne; it is a better market than Manchestre." In the + civil wars of 1643, the Royalists of the place betook themselves to + the _church_, which they fortified, but the Parliamentarian battery + dislodged them from their military sanctuary. The town is pleasantly + situated on the Mersey; the streets are chiefly narrow, but contain + some good buildings. + +Prior to the construction of the railroad between Liverpool and +Manchester, seventy stage-coaches passed through Warrington daily; now +only _four_ run. The manufactures comprise muslin, calico, velveteen, +sailcloth, (which was formerly the staple trade,) pins, files, hardware, +glass, malt, soap, and ale of strength and quality renowned. Railways, +rivers, and canals, facilitate trade materially. The market days are +Wednesday and Saturday; the fairs commence July 18 and November 30, +continuing ten days. There are cloth halls, and various public +buildings, and a fine old church, dedicated to St. Helen; the +architecture exhibits traces of various styles and periods. Two ancient +sepulchral chapels remain, and contain some magnificent monuments of the +Boteler, Massey, and Patten families. There are two other churches, and +various dissenting chapels and meetings, Free Grammar School, Blue Coat +School, and many others, also Hospitals and other excellent institutions. + + + + +CHAPTER VIII. +WARRINGTON TO NEWTON JUNCTION, +Four and .75 Miles. + + +PASSING on from Warrington, the line commands a view W. of Busey Hall, +(seat of Lord Lilford,) a fine old mansion, surrounded by wood; a little +farther, is Burton Wood and Bold Heath and Park, (seat of Sir Henry +Houghton,) also on the W., Orford Hall (seat of Hon. Mrs. Hornby) on the +E., and Billinge Beacon Hill N.W. The spire of Winwick Church is seen +shortly before arriving at + + + +Winwick Station, + + +which, though not mentioned in the Company's list, has, since the opening +of the railway, been used as a station, for the accommodation of persons +in the vicinity. + + [Picture: Winwick Church] + + Winwick Church is a beautiful and ancient edifice, with a lofty + spire; and is said to be coeval with the establishment of the + Christian religion in this country. + + [Picture: Winwick Church] + + Winwick Hall, residence of the Rector and Lord of the Manor, the Rev. + J. J. Hornby, is near the church. This living is one of the + wealthiest in the kingdom. Between the village of Winwick and town + of Newton, is an elevated piece of ground, called Red Bank, from its + having been, in 1648, the scene of a battle between Oliver Cromwell + and the Scots, when the latter were defeated with great slaughter. + +A short distance brings us to the + + Newton Junction. + + + + +CHAPTER IX. +NEWTON JUNCTION TO LIVERPOOL. +Fourteen and .75 Miles. + + +HAVING to describe the railroad branches to Liverpool and Manchester, we +shall now continue our account along the Liverpool part of the line, and +in the next Chapter take the "Newton to Manchester" portion. Leaving the +Newton Junction, and turning to the left, the E. becomes North, and the +W. we must call South. The constant traffic on the Liverpool and +Manchester line, and the numerous trains journeying to and fro, render it +a much more busy and stirring scene than the Birmingham railroad is at +present. + + The Grand Junction Company rent the use of this Liverpool and + Manchester railway at 20,000 per annum. The exact length of the + Liverpool and Manchester railway, from the station, Lime-street, + Liverpool, to Water-street, Manchester, is thirty miles and three + quarters, and thirty yards. + +A short distance from the Junction is the Sankey Viaduct, a grand and +stupendous work; the arches are nine in number, and fifty feet span; the +embankments leading to and from it, are from sixty to eighty feet above +the level country. Newton Common and Race-ground, the stand on which is +a conspicuous object, lie to the N., with the Billinge hills behind, +Burton Wood S., and the Sankey Canal winds along from either side. After +passing + + + +Collin's Green Station + + +Bold Hall (seat of Sir Henry Houghton) appears to the S., and we soon +enter on the Parr Moss, passing the Sutton copper works on the N. + + + +St. Helen's and Runcorn Junction Station. + + +HERE the St. Helen's line branches to the N., and the Runcorn Gap +Railway, S. Shirley Hall lies on the N. side. On the S., is the +Engine-house, where an engine is stationed to assist trains in ascending +the Sutton inclined plane. Proceeding through the Sutton cutting, and +under several fine arches, the + + + +Lea Green Station, (top of Sutton incline,) + + +at the summit of the elevation, is gained, and Rainhill level entered +upon. The village of Sutton and Grove Hall are nearly hidden from view +by the surrounding trees. + + + +Kendrick's Cross Station, Rainhill. + + +FROM Rainhill station the line passes through a short cutting, and then +descends the Whiston inclined plane. Prescot Church is on the N. side, +with Ellsby Hills and Halton Castle on the S. + + [Picture: Prescot Town And Church] + +The town of Prescot, one mile N. of the line, lies principally on a +substratum of coal, several mines of which are excavated to its very +edge. The district has long been noted for the superior construction of +watch tools and motion-work. The drawing of pinion-wire originated here; +and small files, considered to be of great excellence, are made and +exported in large quantities. Coarse earthenware, especially sugar +moulds, are here made from the clay of the neighbourhood, which is +particularly adapted to the purpose. The plate-glass works at Ravenhead +are very extensive and celebrated. The concave and convex mirrors, and +large plate-glass, being equal, if not superior to any produced on the +Continent. The Church is ancient; the spire, which was rebuilt in 1789, +is 156 feet high, and is a fine object from the railroad. In the Church +are several monuments, one by Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A., is of great +beauty. John Philip Kemble, the tragedian, was born at Prescot, in 1757. +The view of the Cheshire hills in the southward distance, is rich and +extensive. + + Knowsley Park, seat of the Earl of Derby, appears on the N. The + mansion has evidently been erected at different periods; its most + ancient part is of stone, and is said to have been raised by the + first Earl of Derby, for the reception of his son-in-law, King Henry + VII., in whose honours the Earl had been mainly instrumental. Great + enlargement and decoration of the mansion took place on occasion of + this royal visit: a handsome stone bridge was thrown across the + Mersey at Warrington, and an embankment or causeway thrown up across + the marshes to the rising ground on the Cheshire side. Many valuable + and interesting pictures adorn the mansion, which is surrounded by a + beautiful park. + +Several coal, lime, and marble works are passed on either side; and while +traversing the Huyton embankment, Preston church, the Hazels, seat of +Joseph Birch, Esq., and the church and village of Huyton are observed on +the N. On the S. appears Childwall park, hall, and church; beyond, is +Woolton hall, seat of N. Ashton, Esq.; the whole scene finely wooded. + + + +Huyton Gate and Roby-lane Gate Stations + + +are shortly passed; the village of Roby lies S. of the line, and closely +adjoining it. Proceeding onwards, along a pleasant but not very +interesting part, Summer-hill house is seen, the seat of Thomas Case, +Esq.; also, the little church of Notting Ash and Childwall hall, a seat +of the Marquis of Salisbury. + + + +Broad Green Station. + + +A FEW yards from the station, on the N. side, is a place for the landing +of cattle, sheep, &c. The line now enters the Olive Mount excavation, +which is an immense chasm, cut in the solid rock, to the depth of from 50 +to 70 feet, the precipitous rock forming a grand wall on either side. +The village of Wavertree lies S. of the line, after emerging from the +Olive Mount ravine; Spekelands, the residence of Mrs. Earle, lies also on +the S., and on the N. is the residence of C. Lawrence, Esq. Here the +Liverpool tunnels commence; one, for conveying passengers, &c., into the +Company's station-yard in Lime-street, turns off on the right hand, and +is 2,230 yards long, 25 feet wide, and 17 feet high. The other, for the +conveyance of goods, direct to the docks, in a straighter continuation of +the line, is 2,250 yards long, 22 feet wide, and 16 feet high. Engines +are stationed on each side of the line at this part, each of forty-horse +power, to draw the trains up the inclined plane of the tunnel, in coming +out of Liverpool, and let them down on their arrival from Birmingham. +The locomotive engines being attached to and detached from the trains at +this station. + + * * * * * + +"A Friend to Railways," in a letter to the Editor of the Railway +Magazine, May 1838, thus describes the mode of drawing the trains up the +inclined plane:-- + + "At the upper end of the tunnel, which is 2,250 yards long, there is + one pair of engines on each side of the road; it being found that a + much more regular motion is given by this means to the carriages. + The engines are high-pressure, with side-levers, similar to marine + engines; the connecting-rods, however, are reversed, and work the + crank downwards, and are connected to a horizontal shaft of great + strength running across and under the road in a tunnel, upon which + shaft a large drum-wheel is placed that works the rope. In each + engine-house is a raised platform, upon which the man stands who + works the engines; this platform leads to a balcony on the outside of + the engine-house, from which the man can look down the mouth of the + tunnel; a signal is given by means of an air-pipe running through the + tunnel, so formed at the upper end as to produce a sound when the air + is forced into it from the lower extremity. This, I believe, is the + invention of Mr. King, of Liverpool. The engine-man on hearing the + signal, opens the steam-cock, and the engines start instantly. This + work was designed by Mr. Grantham, of the foundery of Messrs. Mather + and Dickson, of Liverpool, where the machinery was constructed." + +Having now given an account of the whole journey, we must proceed to a +brief history and memoir of Liverpool itself. + + + + +CHAPTER X. +LIVERPOOL. + + +LIVERPOOL is an ancient sea-port, borough, and market town, 205 miles +from London, containing 205,964 inhabitants, exclusive of 10,000 seamen. + + Of its remote antiquity but little can be asserted, amidst the great + contrariety of opinion which is held on this subject. Liverpool is + not noticed in any of the Roman Itinera, neither does the name occur + in the Norman survey. After the conquest it was granted by William, + to Roger de Poictiers, together with all the land between the Ribble + and the Mersey, and subsequently forfeited. It was thereupon granted + to the Earls of Chester; and on forfeiture by their descendants, to + Edmund, son of Henry III., as parcel of the honour of Lancaster; and + it remained an integral part of the duchy possessions, until its + alienation by Charles I., in 1628. + + Various opinions have been hazarded regarding the etymology of the + name, without reference to the most ancient documents in which it has + been discovered. John, whilst Earl of Moreton, and in possession of + the honour of Lancaster, confirmed a grant made by his father, Henry + II., to Warin de Lancaster, of _Liverpul_, with other places, under a + certain _reddendum_. In subsequent records it is written _Lyrpul_, + _Lythyrpul_, &c., signifying, probably, in the ancient dialect of + this country, the "lower pool." Some deduce its etymology from a + pool frequented by an aquatic fowl, called a "Liver," or from a + sea-weed of that name; others, and with much more reason, from the + ancient British word _Lir_, "the sea," and a spreading water or pool, + viz., the sea pool, or sea-water pool. + + Camden says the Castle was built by Roger de Poictiers, in 1089; it + certainly was erected at a very early period. In October, 1323, + Edward II. dates his orders, &c., from Liverpool Castle; and in + April, 1358, Henry, Duke of Lancaster, resided there for a month. It + was demolished by order of Parliament, during the commonwealth, and + in 1715, its site was granted by Queen Anne, to the corporation, who + built St. George's Church upon it. On King John ascending the + throne, at his brother's death, he again came into possession of the + honour of Lancaster, and granted a charter to the town of Liverpool, + which Henry III., in 1229, confirmed, made the town a free borough, + instituted a guild merchant, and granted additional privileges. + These charters have been confirmed, and further ones granted by + succeeding sovereigns. The several mandates for fitting-out and + providing vessels for the royal service, addressed by Edward II. and + III., and subsequent kings, afford proof of its then being a place of + extensive trade at this early period; and the fact of the royal order + for the prohibition of the export of grain, in the time of Richard + III., being transmitted to Liverpool only, is also a proof of its + then being the only shipping port in the country. Leland, in 1558, + described it thus: "_Lyrpole_, alias _Lyrpoole_, a pavid towne, hath + but a chapel, Walton, a iiii miles off, not far from the se, is + paroche chirche. The king hath a castell there, and the Earle of + Darbe hath a stone house there. Irisch marchants cum much thither, + as to a good haven. After that Mersey water cumming towards Runcorne + in Cheshire liseth among the commune people the name, and is Lyrpole. + At Lyrpole is smaule costume payid that causith merchants to resorte. + Good marchaundis at Lyrpole, and much Irisch yarn that Manchester men + do by ther." Liverpool appears to have declined, probably from the + baneful influences of the wars of York and Lancaster, until the + latter part of the reign of Elizabeth, when, in a petition from the + inhabitants to the Queen, it is described as "Her Majesty's poor + decayed town of Liverpool." Its poverty may be understood from the + fact, that when Charles I. levied his iniquitous and despotic tax of + ship money, this town was rated at 26 only, while Bristol was rated + at 1,000. In the civil war Liverpool was alternately held by the + Parliamentarians, taken by Prince Rupert, and retaken by the + Parliament. In the reign of William III., that monarch, with part of + his train, embarked at this port for Ireland, previously to the + battle of the Boyne; and regiments and privateer vessels were here + equipped against the Pretender and the French. + + Times and manners are somewhat changed here since 1617, when one of + the orders of the common-council demanded, "that every council-man + shall come to council _clean-shaved_, and in his long clothes." + Slander and gossip were very severely punished by the civic + dignitaries, it being a law, "that if any man speak ill of the mayor, + he shall lose his freedom." + +The most important feature in the history of this place, is the +extraordinary rapidity with which it has risen into a degree of splendour +and importance, without example in the history of any commercial country. +Among the causes which have produced its elevation to a rank but +partially inferior to the metropolis, are, its situation on the shore of +a noble river, which expands into a wide estuary; its proximity to the +Irish coast; its central position with respect to the United Kingdom; its +intimate connexion with the principal manufacturing districts, and with +every part of the kingdom, by numerous rivers, canals, and railroads, and +the persevering industry and enterprising spirit of its inhabitants. +Without the romance, we may see among them the reality of the +merchant-nobles of Genoa and Venice; and the grandeur which pervades the +modern buildings of our English port may scarcely be outvied in +stateliness, and certainly not in fitness and utility, by any palace-city +of the past. + +As we passed along the busy quays of these crowded docks, and thought of +the wealth conveyed by the winged couriers of the ocean there +congregated, the following gorgeous lines in Marlow's Jew of Malta, +occurred to us: perhaps the expectant owners of argosies bound +hitherward, deal not quite so largely as the poet's Croesus, in jewelled +treasures; but we cannot very honestly change amethysts into tobacco, nor +bags of fiery opals into bales of cotton wool; the circumstances of the +case may therefore be allowed to vary a little, without our transposing +the terms:-- + + "As for those Samnites, and the men of Uzz, + That bought my Spanish oils, and wines of Greece, + Here have I purst their paltry silverlings, + Fie! what a trouble 'tis to count this trash! + Give me the merchants of the Indian mines, + That trade in metal of the purest gold; + The wealthy Moor, that in the eastern rocks + Without control can pick his riches up, + And in his house keep pearls like pebble stones; + Receive them free, and sell them by the weight: + Bags of fiery opals, sapphires, amethysts, + Jacinths, hard topaz, grass-green emeralds, + Beauteous rubies, sparkling diamonds, + And seld' seen costly stones of so great price, + As one of them, indifferently rated, + And of a caract of this quality + May serve, in peril of calamity + To rescue great kings from captivity. + This is the ware wherein consists my wealth, + And thus methinks, should men of judgment frame + Their means of traffic from the vulgar trade, + And as their wealth increaseth, so inclose + Infinite riches in a little room. + But now--how stands the wind? + Into what corner peers my halcyon's bill? + Ha! to east? yes:--see how stands the vane? + East and by south, why then I hope my ships + I sent from Egypt, and the bordering isles, + Are gotten up by Nilus' winding banks: + Mine argosies from Alexandria, + Loaden with spice and silks, now under sail + Are smoothly gliding down by Candy shore + To Malta, through our Mediterranean sea." + +We have, ere this, noted many a merchant (not of Venice) to whom we have +mentally applied Salarino's words to Antonio; and few will grudge the +space we here occupy, by a quotation so apt and beautiful:-- + + "_Salorino_. Your mind is tossing on the ocean; + There, where your argosies with portly sail, + Like seigniors and rich burghers of the flood, + Or, as it were, the pageants of the sea,-- + Do overpeer the petty traffickers, + That curtsey to them, do them reverence, + As they fly by them with their woven wings. + --My wind, cooling my broth, + Would blow me to an ague, when I thought + What harm a wind too great might do at sea. + I should not see the sandy hour-glass run, + But I should think of shallows and of flats, + And see my wealthy Andrew docked in sand, + Vailing her high-top lower than her ribs, + To kiss her burial. Should I go to church, + And see the holy edifice of stone, + And not bethink me straight of dangerous rocks? + Which touching but my gentle vessel's side, + Would scatter all her spices on the stream, + Enrobe the rolling waters with my silks, + And, in a word, but even now worth this, + And now worth nothing. Shall I have the thought + To think on this; and shall I lack the thought + That such a thing be-chanced, would make me sad? + But, tell not me; I know, Antonio + Is sad to think upon his merchandise. + _Antonio_. Believe me, No; I thank my fortune for it, + My ventures are not in one bottom trusted, + Nor to one place: nor is my whole estate + Upon the fortune of this present year: + Therefore my merchandise makes me not sad." + + SHAKSPEARE. + + The commerce of the port may be divided into three branches: first, + the trade with Ireland, whence a variety of produce, chiefly grain, + cattle, &c., is imported, the gross value of which has amounted + annually to 4,497,708, exclusive of linen and manufactured wares. + Liverpool enjoys about two-fifths of the Irish trade. The chief + exports are British manufactured goods, salt, coal, and general + merchandise. The second principal branch of trade is that with the + United States of America, of which it engrosses more than + three-fourths of the whole commerce of the kingdom. The chief import + is cotton wool, and from this port Manchester and the manufacturing + districts are supplied with the raw material. Tobacco is also + imported to an _alarming_ extent. The average quantity annually + introduced for the contamination of our atmosphere, being 7,623 + _hogsheads_--what a fearful store of materials for smoking the + brains, and dusting the nostrils of our fellow-creatures! A great + quantity of American flour is also imported. The third branch of the + trade is that with the West Indies, which commenced about the middle + of the seventeenth century, and which was previously engrossed by + London and Bristol. Sugar, rum, and coffee, are the chief luxuries + we receive thence through the other ports. The trade with the East + Indies is smaller; the imports are cotton, indigo, hides, ginger, + pepper, and sugar. With the ports of the Mediterranean and Levant + seas, Liverpool has considerable traffic, importing wine, fruits, + lemon and lime juice, olive and other oils, barilla, and brimstone. + From Egypt is brought cotton; and from the Baltic sea-ports, timber, + tallow, &c. The gross receipts of the customs at this port alone, + exceed the sum derived from the nine other principal ports of the + three kingdoms (London excepted), viz., Bristol, Hull, Newcastle, + Leith, Glasgow, Greenock, Dublin, Belfast, and Cork. Vessels from, + and bound to, all parts of the globe, are congregated here; and there + is scarcely a place in the world accessible to the British flag, to + which a ready conveyance is not afforded from this enterprising port. + +The harbour is capacious and secure: at the entrance of the river is the +Black Rock Lighthouse, erected on a point of rock on the western coast. +A floating light is also placed eleven miles seaward from the mouth of +the river. + +For the security of the shipping in the port, and for the greater +facility of loading and unloading merchandise, immense ranges of docks +and warehouses, extending upwards of two miles along the eastern bank of +the river, have been constructed, on a scale of unparalleled +magnificence; and forming one of those characteristics of commercial +greatness in which this town is unrivalled. The docks are of three +kinds:--the wet docks, which are chiefly for ships of great burden, +employed in the foreign trade, and which float in them at all states of +the tide, the water being retained by gates; the dry docks, so called +because they are left dry when the tide is out, are chiefly appropriated +to coasting vessels; and the graving docks, which admit or exclude the +water at pleasure, are adapted to the repair of ships, during which they +are kept dry, and when completed are floated out by admitting the tide. +The Canning Dock is chiefly occupied by sloops from the north coast, +which import corn, provisions, and slate, and convey back the produce of +the Mediterranean, the West Indies, Portugal, and the Baltic: it has a +quay 500 yards in length. The Salthouse Dock is for vessels in the +Levant, Irish, and coasting trades: the quay is 759 yards in extent. +George's Dock has a quay 1001 yards in length. The King's Dock is +appropriated to vessels from Virginia and other parts, laden with +tobacco; which article is exclusively landed here, and occupies a range +of warehouses 575 feet in length, and 239 in depth. The Queen's Dock, +470 yards long, with a spacious quay, is chiefly occupied by vessels +freighted with timber, and by those employed in the Dutch and Baltic +trades. The Brunswick Dock is larger than any of the preceding, and +receives vessels laden with timber. Prince's Dock is 500 yards in +length, with spacious quays, and along the west side is a beautiful +marine parade, 750 yards long, and eleven wide, defended by a stone +parapet wall, from which is a delightful view of the river and the +shipping: it is much frequented as a promenade. To the westward of these +are the Clarence Dock and Basin, appropriated solely to the use of the +steam vessels trading to and from the port: there are several smaller +docks, and considerable additions are contemplated. When these are +completed, the whole range of docks will be two miles and 820 yards in +length, exclusively of the openings to the several docks: the total area +of water space contained in them is upwards of ninety statute acres, and +the extent of the quays in lineal measure is 12,511 yards, or upwards of +seven miles; yet spacious as they are, they are still considered +inadequate to the increasing commerce of the port. Several ranges of +commodious baths are situated in the vicinity of the docks; there are +hot, cold, floating, and medicated vapour baths. + + * * * * * + +The new Custom-house is a superb and beautiful edifice, in the Grecian +style of architecture, 454 feet in length, 224 in depth, with three +principal fronts of great magnificence. The Exchange buildings, erected +by the late Mr. John Forster, form sides of a quadrangular area, in the +centre of which is a monument to the memory of Lord Nelson. The north +front of the Hall forms the fourth side of this square. This is a +stately and magnificent structure in the Grecian style, with four elegant +fronts, and contains on the ground floor a council-room, and apartments +for the mayor, town clerk, pensioners, and corporation. The grand +staircase leads into a spacious saloon, splendidly decorated with royal +portraits by Lawrence, Hopner, Phillips, &c. Two spacious ball-rooms, +and two richly furnished drawing rooms, decorated with marble pillars, +chandeliers, &c., are entered from the saloon. A grand banquet-room, +refectory, &c., &c., fitted up with great taste and splendour, are also +comprised in this grand suite of apartments. The Public Subscription +Libraries are numerous and well selected. The Athenaeum contains a +news-room and an extensive library. The Lyceum is a handsome edifice of +the Ionic order; contains a library, coffee-room, lecture, and +committee-rooms. The Union News-room, Exchange News-room, Medical and +Law Libraries, are all well supported. The Royal Institution is a +spacious and handsome edifice, containing on the ground floor, lecture, +reading, and school-rooms; on the first floor, a large room for the +Literary and Philosophical Society, a library, museum, spacious +exhibition rooms for the Liverpool Academy of painting, &c. On the roof +is an observatory, and behind are a laboratory and a theatre for chemical +and philosophical experiments. This institution was formed in 1814, for +the advancement of literature, science, and the arts; and the members +were incorporated by royal charter, in 1822. Professors, lecturers, and +masters are appointed by the society. The Botanic Gardens near Edge +Hill, and the Zoological Gardens, are valuable additions to the rational +and profitable amusements of the inhabitants. There is a Theatre, +Amphitheatre, and Circus, the former for the drama, the two latter for +equestrian performances and pantomimes. The Wellington Rooms, for balls, +are admirably adapted for such gay scenes. The summer races in July +continue four days, the course lies five miles to the N.E. of the town. +The grand stand is capable of accommodating 2,000 persons. The chartered +market days are Wednesday and Saturday, and for corn, Tuesday and Friday. +The Market-houses are numerous, handsome, and commodious. + + * * * * * + +The corporation of Liverpool have an income of above 100,000 per annum, a +great portion of which is expended in the improvement of the port and +embellishment of the town. The Churches of the Establishment are about +twenty-four in number, some of them of great architectural beauty. In +addition to the Churchyards, there are two extensive Cemeteries, one near +Edge-hill; the other occupying a large tract of ground, excavated as a +quarry for stone used in the building of the docks, and converted into a +depository for the dead, at an expense of 21,000; it is tastefully laid +out, and has a suitable chapel for the performance of the funeral +service. The buildings dedicated to religious purposes by the several +sects of Dissenters, are about forty in number, some of them of +considerable beauty. The Public Schools are very numerous, and so well +supported as to render them valuably and most extensively useful. That +for the indigent blind, was established in 1791; 120 pupils now receive +instruction in various branches, and are taught spinning, basket-making, +the weaving of linen, sacking, carpeting, the making of list shoes, +twine, worsted rugs, and other trades, by which they may earn a +livelihood; they are also instructed in music. Asylums and Institutions, +too numerous to be here enumerated; Hospitals, Infirmaries; Societies for +the assistance and relief of aged seamen, and other humane and admirable +purposes, are, by the munificence of the inhabitants, all enabled to +administer in no small degree to the wants and misfortunes of suffering +fellow-beings. + + * * * * * + +Among the distinguished natives of the town may be noticed Jeremiah +Horrox, the astronomer, born 1619, at Toxteth Park, near Liverpool. He +is supposed to have been the first person who ever predicted or observed +the transit of Venus over the sun's disk. He died on the 3rd of January, +1641, a few days after completing his treatise on the transit which took +place in the November preceding. George Stubbs, the animal painter, born +1724. William Sadler, who invented the application of copper-plate +prints to the embellishment of earthenware. William Roscoe, author of +the lives of Lorenzo de Medici, and of Leo X. He died in 1831, aged +seventy-nine, equally beloved and regretted for his excellence as a man, +and for his ability as an author. The Rev. William Shepherd, author of +the life of Poggio Brachiolini, &c., an elegant writer, and earnest +reformer. Dr. Currie, the intelligent biographer of Burns, was also a +native of Liverpool, as was the gentle-minded and truly feminine poet, +Felicia Hemans. + + * * * * * + +The manufactures of Liverpool, are chiefly such as are connected with the +port and the shipping, the promotion of its commerce, and the supply of +its inhabitants. There are several very large sugar refineries, +extensive potteries, glass-houses, breweries, tanneries, salt and +copperas works, iron and brass foundries, foundries for cannon, anchors, +chain-cables, and steam engine machinery, manufactories for +steam-boilers, engines, also guns, small arms, sails, cordage, watches, +tobacco, snuff, and soap. There are numerous mills for grinding corn, +mustard, colours, and dye-woods: the manufacture of soap exceeds that of +any place in England. The average number of watches made annually, is +11,500, a number greater than any town, except London. Ship-building is +carried on to a great extent; several men-of-war have been launched from +the dock-yards; and in the building of steam vessels, Liverpool takes the +lead of all other ports. The trade of the town is greatly facilitated by +the extensive inland navigation in every direction, by which it is +connected with the manufacturing districts and chief towns in the +kingdom. No less than five water conveyances fall into the Mersey, viz., +the Mersey and Irwell Navigation, Duke of Bridgewater's Canal, Sankey +Canal, Chester and Ellesmere Canal, and Weaver Navigation, opening +communication with Manchester, Bolton, Hull, South Lancashire, +Birmingham, Worcestershire, South of England, and Wales. + + The information required by the traveller respecting inns, + coach-offices, &c., will be found in the Appendix; together with a + list of places of amusement and interest, worthy the attention of a + stranger in this great and truly splendid sea-port. + + + + +CHAPTER XI. +NEWTON JUNCTION TO MANCHESTER, +Fourteen and .75 Miles. + + +ON leaving the Newton (or, as it is called in the neighbourhood, +Warrington) Junction, the neat little town of Newton is seen N. of the +line, not far from the Legh Arms Hotel, a comfortable and reasonable +house. + + [Picture: Town of Newton] + +Opposite, lying S. of the line, we again see the spire of Winwick Church, +Mow Copp, and the Cheshire and Rivington hills appear in the distance. + + + +Park Side Station. + + +HERE the machine and apparatus for supplying the engines with fuel and +water is well worth observing, though with great caution, as there are +five lines of rails in this place; and the difficulty of escaping from a +coming train is no small one to a stranger, who, standing upon, or among +them, would find himself greatly bewildered in any emergency. The +horrible death of Mr. Huskisson, from the injuries he received at this +very spot, may be a salutary warning to the adventurous. A white marble +slab in the wall commemorates the awful event, which it is useless to +allude to further, the particulars being so well known. The Wigan +Junction Line branches off a short distance from this point. Passing a +short cutting on Highfield Moor, we reach the most considerable one on +the Manchester and Liverpool line, the Kenyon excavation, the materials +taken from which contributed mainly towards the adjacent embankments. +The Bolton Junction line turns N. from this part, at which is + + + +The Bolton Junction Station. + + +WE now enter on the Brossley embankment, and observe Culcheth Hall, S., +and Hurst Hall, N. of the line; the former the residence of T. E. +Withington, Esq., the latter of T. Molineux Steel, Esq. + + + +Bury-Lane Station + + +closely adjoins the Chat Moss tavern, near which the line crosses the +little stream Glazebrook. S. is a farmhouse, called Light Oats Hall. +Here commences an embankment planted with trees; passing which we enter +on the famed Chat Moss, formerly a barren and cultureless waste; but at +length yielding to agricultural skill and industry, several portions +having already been drained and successfully cultivated. + + [Picture: Chat Moss] + +The road traverses this immense bog for a distance of four miles and +three quarters. S. of the line is a fine view of the Cheshire and +Derbyshire hills, with the village of Astley and Tildsley Church spire. +Rivington Pike, and the Billinge Beacon lie on the N., and the Chat Moss +all around. Immense labour and perseverance were required to achieve the +great work of forming a firm and durable road over this swampy tract, +which varies in depth from ten to above thirty feet. + + * * * * * + +Several neat habitations are now erected on the farmlands redeemed from +the swamp: of these, Barton Moss Farm is the chief. N. of the Moss lies +Worsley Hall, seen from the line, on an eminence. Botany Bay, a place of +singularly ill-omened name, is also on the left, or N. side. The hills +before mentioned still form the back ground of the views on either side. +Leaving the Chat Moss by the Barton embankment, the line passes + + + +Patricroft Station; + + +Near to this are large iron foundries and silk works. The Bridgewater +Canal passes under, and the turnpike-road over, the line. Monton Church +and village appear N. of the road; and shortly after, the village and +Church of Eccles are seen on the S. + + [Picture: Eccles Church] + +This small place has achieved fame by two means: the death of Mr. +Huskisson, which took place at the house of the Rev. Mr. Blackburn; and +by its cakes, which the traveller is invited to purchase by a board over +the door of a house close by the station, on which is inscribed, "This is +the noted Eccles cake shop." Passing + + + +Waste Lane Station + + +some cottages and factories, and the city of chimneys, Manchester, appear +in view. The village of Tinker's Hollow, and + + + +Cross Lane Bridge Station + + +being passed, also sundry arches and bridges across the river Irwell, and +the engine, trains, and travellers, are received into the Company's yard +in Manchester. + + + + +CHAPTER XII. +MANCHESTER. + + +THE town of Manchester, including Salford, contains 270,960 inhabitants, +and is distant from London 186 miles, and from Liverpool thirty-one by +the railroad. + + The origin of this town, which is remarkable for the extent of its + trade, and the importance of its manufactures, may be traced to + remote antiquity. In the time of the Druids, it was distinguished as + one of the principal stations of their priests, and celebrated for + the privilege of sanctuary attached to its altar, which, in the + British language, was called _Meyne_, signifying a stone. Prior to + the Christian era, it was one of the principal seats of the + Brigantes, who had a castle or stronghold, called _Mancenion_, or the + place of tents, near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell, + the site of which, still called the "Castle Field," was selected as a + station by the Romans, on their conquest of this part of Britain + under Agricola, about the year 79, and called by them _Mancunium_, + whence the Saxon _Manceastre_, and our _Manchester_. The Romans + occupied this station during nearly four centuries, and formed roads, + branching off to their surrounding settlements. Various antiquities + have been from time to time discovered in the neighbourhood. After + the departure of the Romans, a party of Saxons took the fort from the + Britons, to whom the garrison afterwards surrendered. In 620, it was + captured by Edwin, King of Northumbria. In 627, the inhabitants were + converted to Christianity, by Paulinus, a missionary from Gregory I. + Manchester having been taken by the Danes, was wrested from their + possession, about 920, by Edward the Elder, who rebuilt and fortified + the town and castle. For some time it continued prosperous, but + suffered greatly in the wars between the Danes and Northumbrians. + The early history of all ancient towns, chiefly "pertains to feats of + broils and battles;" castles founded, demolished, and rebuilt, to be + destroyed again; baronial feuds and fierce invasions; with the faint + and fruitless struggles of _right_ against _might_, make up the dark + and bloody record. + + * * * * * + + After the twelfth century, a calmer period arrived; and, though + occasionally troubled by the pest of war, the fortunes of the now + wealthy town of Manchester, have been progressively increasing. From + the year 1352, we may date the commencement of its manufacturing + celebrity, when a kind of woollen cloth, made from the fleece, in an + unprepared state, called "Manchester cotton," was introduced; and + some Flemish artisans, invited into England, by Edward III., settled + in the town, and brought the woollen manufacture to a considerable + degree of perfection. At the time of the Reformation, an + ecclesiastical commission was established at Manchester, and + exercised great intolerance, imprisoning and executing numbers of + popish recusants; another of the black and by-gone deeds of our past + "dark ages." During the Parliamentary war, the head-quarters of the + Parliamentarian army, in Lancashire, were fixed at Manchester, which + was fortified and defended too well for the Royalist forces to be + successful in any of their repeated attacks. In 1652, the walls were + thrown down, the fortifications demolished, and the gates carried + away and sold. The good town of Manchester had grown great and + wealthy; but we much doubt if it had become particularly grave or + wise, since we know that extravagant rejoicings, accompanied by every + splendour of pomp and ceremony, took place at the restoration of the + not-too-excellent King Charles II., in whose honour, and to the + glorification of the thirsty woollen-weavers, the public conduits + flowed with streams of wine, instead of water; a celebration worthy + of the "merry monarch." + + * * * * * + + In 1745, Prince Charles Edward entered Manchester with his army, and + took up his abode in the house of Mr. Dickenson, in Market-street, + when he levied money, raised men and horses for his service, and + after marching about the country, made a rapid retreat into Scotland, + before the army of the Duke of Cumberland. The officers of the + Manchester regiment, were tried for high treason, and executed on + Kennington Common, two of the heads being placed on Temple Bar, and + two on the Exchange, Manchester. With this inhuman and disgraceful + event, the record of the "fortunes of war," connected with this + place, ends,--we will trust for ever. + +The various manufactures carried on in Manchester, would occupy a +descriptive work of no small extent, in themselves; and the account which +so small a volume as the present can find space for, must be brief +indeed. The staple trade is the cotton manufacture, which, in all its +branches, is carried on to an almost incredible extent. From the time of +Edward III., when the "Manchester cottons" were first introduced, this +branch of trade has been increasing in importance. About the year 1740, +cotton was manufactured by the spindle and distaff in the cottages of the +workmen, chiefly into fustians, thicksets, dimities, and jeans, to which +other kinds of goods were shortly added. About the year 1760, these +goods, hitherto made only for home consumption, formed a market on the +continent of Europe and America, and in consequence of the increased +demand, recourse was had to the aid of machinery. The spinning jennies, +invented by Messrs. Kay and Highs, have been introduced, and greatly +improved by Mr. Hargreaves, whose success, exciting the apprehensions of +the hand-workmen, caused the destruction of his machinery, and his +retreat to Nottingham, where he died in indigence. Sir Richard +Arkwright, the late Sir Robert Peel, and others, have improved and +invented other machines, which, aided by the power of the steam-engine, +have prodigiously increased the quantity and variety of the goods +manufactured in this town. + + * * * * * + +In the spinning department alone, there are in the town and vicinity 114 +factories, worked by 118 steam-engines, the aggregate power of which is +equal to that of 3,981 horses; by this machinery, 2,182,350 spindles, and +6,926 power-looms are set in motion. The power-looms, a recent +invention, originating with the Rev. Mr. Cartwright, of Holland House, +Kent, were not proved finally successful till 1806. The factories, in +several of which the whole process of the manufacture, from the +introduction of the raw material, to the completion of the fabric, is +carried on, are immense ranges of building, from six to eight stories in +height, some employing 2,000 persons each, and the whole affording +employment to upwards of 30,000 persons. The principal articles at +present manufactured are velvets, fustians, jeans, ticking, checks, +ginghams, nankeens, diaper, quilting, calico, muslins, muslinets, cambric +handkerchiefs, small wares, silks, and, in fact, every variety of cotton +and silk goods. There are also extensive bleaching grounds, works for +printing and dyeing, and all other departments of the manufacture. +Extensive forges, foundries, &c., for the machinery used, laboratories +for chemical productions used in the trade, and mills for the manufacture +of all descriptions of paper; engraving, as connected with the printing +of cotton and muslin goods, is carried on to a great extent; and there +are hat manufactories, and saw mills on a very large scale. It is +needless to inform the reader, that an inspection of some of these +immense hives of labour and invention, will well repay the trouble of a +visit. It is a proud feeling to an Englishman to know, that the +productions of the thousand busy hands and whirling wheels around him, +are destined to increase the comfort, refinement, or splendour of +nations, spread far and wide over the globe: and it is a joyful thing to +compare present greatness and secure freedom, with the long past years +when a little bristling fortress and a tented field, scenes of barbaric +bloodshed and grovelling slavery, occupied the spot of earth now devoted +to usefulness, industry, and knowledge. + + * * * * * + +Manchester is situated on the banks of the river Irwell; (which here +receives the tributary streams of the Irk and the Medlock;) on the N.W. +bank lies the newly erected borough of Salford, connected by means of +five bridges with Manchester, of which it forms an integral part. In +various parts of the town there are altogether nearly sixty bridges. The +town is well paved, and lighted with gas; and the inhabitants are +supplied with water by the Manchester and Salford Water Company. The +environs, in many parts, particularly in Broughton, Ardwick-green, and +Gibraltar, are pleasant, and present many ranges of handsome residences, +tasteful villas, and cottages. In the older parts of the town are +several ancient houses, interspersed with modern dwellings, and, except +where recent improvements have been made, the streets are inconveniently +narrow; the accommodation of trade being more studied here than elegance +and symmetry of appearance. + + * * * * * + +The public buildings and institutions of Manchester are well worthy of +its wealth and importance. The Exchange and Commercial Buildings, facing +the Market-place, form a spacious handsome edifice, built of Runcorn +stone: containing the News-room, Exchange, Library, Post-office, Chamber +of Commerce, a spacious Dining-room, and other apartments. The members +of the Literary and Philosophical Society have a suitable building for +their meetings, and have published many volumes of Transactions in the +English, French, and German languages, which are much circulated on the +continent. The Royal Institution, embracing a variety of objects +connected with literature, science, and the fine arts, has a fine +building in the Grecian style, from a design by Mr. Barry, forming a +splendid addition to the architectural ornaments of the town. The centre +comprises the Hall and Lecture Theatre, lighted by a lantern from the +ceiling, which may be darkened instantaneously at the will of the +lecturer. One of the wings is appropriated as the Academy of the Fine +Arts, with Exhibition-rooms, and the other as a Museum of Natural +History. The whole cost of this elegant pile was estimated at 50,000. +The Town Hall is a noble edifice, from a design by Mr. F. Goodwin, after +the model of the Temple of Erectheus, at Athens, with a beautiful tower +and dome in the centre, resembling the Tower of Andronicus, called "The +Temple of Winds:" it contains various apartments for transacting the +public business of the town, and one splendid room, 132 feet long, +decorated with great elegance. The Town Hall at Salford is a handsome +and commodious stone edifice by the same architect. The Society for +promoting the study of natural history, has a valuable and extensive +Museum also; and the town possesses flourishing Mechanics' Institutions, +Philological Society, Agricultural Society, Botanic Garden, several +Libraries, two Theatres, Assembly-rooms, Concert-rooms, Annual Races, and +Triennial Musical Festivals. There are twenty-six churches and chapels +belonging to the Establishment, and more than fifty places of worship for +the various denominations of Dissenters. The windows of St. John's +Church, in Byrom-street, contain some very ancient and beautiful stained +glass, brought from a convent in Rouen; also, pictures in the vestry, and +a fine piece of sculpture, by Flaxman. The Free Grammar School, founded +in the 7th of Henry VIII., has a revenue of 4,000, and the number of +scholars is from 150 to 200. The Blue Coat, St. Paul's, Lancasterian, +National, and Infants' Schools, are all highly useful, and well-supported +establishments; and the various Sunday Schools instruct as many as 30,000 +children. The Hospitals and other Charitable Institutions are equally +extensive in their sphere of usefulness, and together with the +establishments before mentioned, worthy of the wealth, intelligence, and +liberality of this great and important town. + + * * * * * + +Among the distinguished natives of Manchester, or persons who have been +otherwise connected with it, may be enumerated, William Crabtree, an +astronomical writer, and inventor of the micrometer, born at Broughton +and killed at the battle of Marston Moor in 1644; John Byrom, a poet, and +author of a system of shorthand; John Ferriar, M.D., author of +Illustrations of Sterne, &c.; Thomas Barritt, the antiquary and +heraldist; Thomas Faulkner, an enterprising traveller, who published the +earliest account of Patagonia, and died in 1774; the Rev. John Whittaker, +the Manchester historian; and others of less renown. Manchester gives +the title of duke and earl to the family of Montague. The market days +are Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday; fairs on Easter Monday and Tuesday, +and October 1 and 2. Salford fairs begin on Whit Monday, for twenty-one +days; and on November 17, for the same time. + + * * * * * + +The information required by the traveller respecting inns, places of +public resort, &c., will be found in the Appendix, under the head of +Manchester. + + * * * * * + + END OF THE ROUTE. + + + + +REGULATIONS OF THE GRAND JUNCTION AND LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY +COMPANIES. + + + [Picture: Train of the Period] + + + +_REGULATIONS OF THE GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY_. + + +TIME OF DEPARTURE.--The doors of the Booking Office are closed precisely +at the time appointed for starting, after which no passenger can be +admitted. + +BOOKING.--There are no Booking Places, except at the Company's Offices at +the respective Stations. Each Booking Ticket for the First Class Trains +is numbered to correspond with the seat taken. The places by the mixed +Trains are not numbered. + +LUGGAGE.--Each Passenger's Luggage will, as far as practicable, be placed +on the roof of the coach in which he has taken his place; carpet bags and +small luggage may be placed underneath the seat opposite to that which +the owner occupies. No charge for _bona fide_ luggage belonging to the +passenger under 100lb. weight; above that weight, a charge is made at the +rate of 1d. per lb. for the whole distance. No kind of merchandise +allowed to be taken as luggage. The attention of travellers is requested +to the legal notice exhibited at the different stations, respecting the +limitation of the Company's liabilities to the loss or damage of luggage. +All passengers by Railway will do well to have their luggage distinctly +marked with their names and destination. + +GENTLEMEN'S CARRIAGES AND HORSES.--Gentlemen's carriages and horses must +be at the Stations at least a quarter of an hour before the time of +departure. A supply of trucks are kept at all the _principal_ Stations +on the line; but to prevent disappointment it is recommended that +previous notice should be given, when practicable, at the Station where +they may be required. No charge for landing or embarking carriages or +horses on any part of the line. + +ROAD STATIONS.--Passengers intending to join the Trains at any of the +stopping places are desired to be in good time, as the train will leave +each Station as soon as ready, without reference to the time stated in +the tables, the main object being to perform the whole journey as +expeditiously as possible. Passengers will be booked only conditionally +upon there being room on the arrival of the Trains, and they will have +the preference of seats in the order in which they are booked. No +persons are booked after the arrival of the Train.--All persons are +requested to get into and alight from the coaches invariably on the left +side, as the only certain means of preventing accidents from Trains +passing in an opposite direction. + +CONDUCTORS, GUARDS, AND PORTERS.--Every Train is provided with Guards, +and a Conductor, who is responsible for the order and regularity of the +journey. The Company's Porters will load and unload the luggage, and put +it into or upon any omnibus or other carriage at any of the Stations. No +fees or gratuities allowed to be received by the Conductors, Guards, +Porters, or other persons in the service of the Company. + +SMOKING, SELLING OF LIQUORS, &c.--No smoking is allowed in the +Station-houses, or in any of the coaches, even with the consent of the +passengers. A substantial breakfast may be had at the Station-house at +Birmingham, by parties, going by the early train; but no person is +allowed to sell liquors or eatables of any kind upon the line.--The +Company earnestly hope that the public will co-operate with them in +enforcing this regulation, as it will be the means of removing a cause of +delay, and will greatly diminish the chance of accident. + +Goods sent to Birmingham, Manchester, or Liverpool, by the evening +Trains, are generally delivered early on the following morning. + + + +CONVEYANCES TO LOCAL TOWNS FROM STATIONS. + + +BESCOT BRIDGE. + + +Conveyance.--A light Van runs from this Station to Walsall for the +conveyance of passengers. + + +WOLVERHAMPTON. + + +Conveyances.--Two Omnibuses from the town meet all the Trains. Coaches +to Shrewsbury, through Shiffnal and Wellington, from the New +Hotel:--Royal Mail, 7.5 a.m.; Swallow, 8.5 a.m.; *Prince of Wales, 12.75 +p.m.; Wonder, 7.25 p.m. To Shrewsbury, from the Crown and +Cushion:--Salopian, 3.25 p.m., through Shiffnal, Madeley and Ironbridge. +To Shrewsbury, from the Railway Station:--An Omnibus, 3 p.m., through +Shiffnal and Wellington. To Dudley 6.75 a.m.; *1.5 p.m.; *4.5 p.m.; *6.5 +p.m. To Bridgenorth, 4 p.m. + + Marked thus (*) do not run on Sundays. + + +STAFFORD. + + +Conveyances.--Omnibuses are in attendance to convey passengers to any +part of the town. Coaches to Burton-on-Trent, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, &c., +12.5 p.m. Rugeley and Lichfield, 3.75p.m. Stone and Newcastle, 4.5 p.m. +Stone and Potteries, 7 p.m. + + +WHITMORE. + + +Conveyances.--Coaches daily to Shrewsbury, through Market Drayton. A +Coach through Newcastle to the Potteries daily. The Pottery Company and +Green's Omnibuses daily to Newcastle and Potteries. + + +BASFORD AND MADELEY STATIONS. + + +Conveyances.--Conveyances are in waiting at these Stations to take +passengers and goods to Newcastle, the Potteries, or any other place. + + +CREWE. + + +Conveyances.--A Coach from Macclesfield, through Congleton and Sandbach, +to Crewe Station, twice daily. A Coach to Whitchurch, daily. An Omnibus +from Nantwich to Crewe, to meet all the Trains, and convey passengers to +Nantwich. + + +HARTFORD. + + +Conveyances.--Adams' Omnibus (with the letter bags) to Northwich and +Knutsford, morning and evening. Mail to Chester and Tarporley, daily. +From Chester there are Coaches to all parts of North and South Wales. + + +PRESTON-BROOK. + + +Conveyances.--Leaves Wilson's Hotel, Runcorn, morning and afternoon, to +meet the Trains, and return on the arrival of the Trains at this station. + + +WARRINGTON. + + +Conveyances.--Omnibuses are in attendance to convey passengers to any +part of the town. Chaises, Cars, or Gigs, to be had in a few minutes' +notice. Coaches to Macclesfield, Stockport, Liverpool, Carlisle, +Edinburgh, and all parts of the North. + + + +TABLE OF FARES AND DISTANCES. + +BIRMINGHAM BIRMINGHAM +Perry Barr 3.25 Perry Barr. + 1 6 1 0 +Newton Road 6.5 3.5 Newton Road. + 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 +Bescot Bridge 9.25 6 2.75 Bescot Bridge. + 2 0 1 6 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 +James's Bridge 10 6.75 3.5 .75 James's Bridge. + 2 0 1 6 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 16 10 +Willenhall 11.75 8.5 5.25 2.5 1.75 Willenhall. + 2 6 2 0 2 0 1 6 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 +WOLVERHAMPTON 14.25 10.75 7.5 4.75 4 2.25 WOLVERHAMPTON. + 3 0 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 +Four Ashes 20 16.5 13.25 10.5 9.75 8 5.75 Four Ashes. + 4 0 3 0 3 6 3 0 3 0 2 6 2 6 2 0 2 6 2 0 2 0 1 6 1 6 1 0 +Spread Eagle 21.5 18 14.75 12 11.25 9.5 7.25 1.5 Spread Eagle. + 4 6 3 6 4 0 3 0 3 6 2 6 3 0 2 0 2 6 2 0 2 0 1 6 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 +Penkridge 24 20.5 17.25 14.5 13.75 12 9.75 4 2.5 Penkridge. + 5 0 4 0 4 6 3 6 4 0 3 0 3 6 2 6 3 0 2 6 3 0 2 0 2 6 1 6 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 +STAFFORD 29.25 25.75 22.5 19.75 19 17.25 15 9.25 7.75 5.25 STAFFORD. + 6 0 5 0 5 6 4 6 5 0 4 0 4 6 3 6 4 6 3 6 4 0 3 0 3 6 2 6 2 0 1 6 1 6 1 0 16 10 +Bridgeford 32.5 29.25 26 23.25 22.5 20.75 18.5 12.75 11.25 8.75 3.5 Bridgeford. + 7 0 5 6 6 0 5 0 6 0 4 6 5 6 4 0 5 0 4 0 5 0 3 6 4 6 3 0 2 6 2 0 2 6 2 0 2 0 1 6 1 6 1 0 +Norton Bridge 35 31.5 28.25 25.5 24.75 23 20.75 15 13.5 11 5.75 2.25 Norton Bridge. + 7 6 6 0 6 6 5 0 6 0 5 0 6 0 4 6 5 6 4 6 5 6 4 0 5 0 3 6 3 6 2 6 3 0 2 6 2 6 2 0 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 +WHITMORE 43.25 39.75 36.5 33.75 33 31.25 29 23.25 21.75 19.25 14 10.5 8.25 WHITMORE. + 9 6 8 0 8 6 7 0 8 0 6 6 7 6 6 0 7 6 6 0 7 0 5 6 6 6 5 0 5 0 4 6 4 6 4 0 4 0 3 6 3 0 2 6 2 0 1 6 1 6 1 0 +Madeley 46 42.5 39.25 36.5 35.75 34 31.75 26 24.5 22 16.75 13.25 11 2.75 Madeley. + 10 0 8 6 9 0 7 6 8 6 7 0 8 0 7 0 7 6 6 6 7 6 6 0 7 0 5 6 6 0 5 0 5 6 4 6 5 0 4 0 4 0 3 0 3 0 2 0 2 6 1 6 1 6 1 0 +Basford 51 47.5 44 41.5 41 39 37 31 29 27 22 18 16 8 5 Basford. + 12 0 10 6 10 6 9 6 10 6 8 6 10 0 8 6 10 0 8 0 9 6 7 6 9 0 7 0 7 6 6 0 7 0 5 6 6 6 5 6 5 0 4 6 4 6 4 0 4 0 3 6 2 6 2 0 1 6 1 0 +CREWE 54 50.5 47.25 44.5 43.75 42 39.75 34 32.5 30 24.75 21.25 19 10.75 8 3 CREWE. + 12 0 10 6 10 6 9 6 10 6 8 6 10 0 8 6 10 0 8 0 9 6 7 6 9 0 7 0 7 6 6 0 7 0 5 6 6 6 5 6 5 0 4 6 4 6 4 0 4 0 3 6 2 6 2 0 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 +Coppenhall 56 52.5 49.25 46.5 45.75 44 41.75 36 34.5 32 26.75 23.25 21 12.75 10 5 2 Coppenhall. + 12 6 10 6 11 6 9 6 11 6 9 0 10 6 9 0 10 0 8 6 9 6 8 0 9 0 7 0 7 6 7 0 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 5 6 5 0 5 0 4 6 4 6 4 0 2 6 2 0 2 0 1 6 2 0 1 6 1 6 1 0 +Minshull 58.75 55.25 52 49.25 48.5 46.75 44.5 38.75 37.25 34.75 29.5 26 23.75 15.5 12.75 8 4.75 2.75 Minshull Vernon. +Vernon 13 0 11 0 12 6 10 6 11 6 10 0 11 0 9 6 11 0 9 0 10 6 8 6 10 0 8 0 8 6 7 0 8 6 7 0 8 0 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 5 0 5 6 4 6 3 6 3 0 3 0 2 0 3 0 2 0 1 6 1 0 16 10 +Winsford 61.25 57.75 54.5 51.75 51 49.25 47 41.25 39.75 37.25 32 28.5 26.25 18 15.25 10 7.25 5.25 2.5 Winsford. + 13 6 11 6 12 6 11 0 12 0 10 6 11 6 10 0 11 0 9 6 10 6 9 6 10 0 9 0 9 0 8 0 8 6 7 6 8 6 7 0 7 0 6 0 6 6 5 0 6 0 5 0 4 6 3 6 3 0 2 6 3 0 2 6 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 +HARTFORD * 65.75 62.75 59 56.25 55.5 53.75 51.5 45.75 44.25 41.75 36.5 33 30.75 22.5 19.75 15 11.75 9.75 7 4.5 HARTFORD. + 14 0 12 0 13 6 11 6 13 0 11 0 12 0 10 6 11 6 10 0 11 0 9 6 10 6 9 0 10 0 8 6 9 6 8 0 9 0 7 0 7 6 6 6 7 0 6 0 6 6 5 6 5 0 4 0 4 0 3 0 4 0 3 0 2 6 1 6 2 0 1 6 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 +Acton 68.25 64.75 61.5 58.75 58 56.25 54 48.5 46.75 44.25 39 35.5 33.25 25 22.25 17 14.25 12.25 9.5 7 2.5 Acton. + 15 0 12 6 14 6 12 0 14 0 11 6 13 6 11 0 13 0 11 0 12 6 10 6 12 0 10 0 10 6 9 0 10 0 8 6 9 6 8 0 8 6 7 6 8 0 6 0 7 6 6 0 5 6 4 6 5 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 6 2 6 2 0 2 0 1 6 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 +Preston Brook 72.5 69 65.75 63 62.25 60.5 58.25 52.5 51 48.5 43.25 39.75 37.5 29.25 26.5 21.5 18.5 16.5 13.75 11.25 6.75 4.25 Preston Brook. + 15 6 13 6 15 0 13 0 14 0 12 6 13 6 12 0 13 6 12 0 13 0 11 6 12 6 11 0 11 0 9 6 11 0 9 6 10 6 9 0 9 6 8 0 8 6 7 0 8 6 7 0 6 6 5 6 5 6 5 0 5 6 5 0 4 0 3 6 3 6 3 0 3 0 2 6 2 6 2 0 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 +Moore 75 71.5 68.25 65.25 64.75 63 60.75 55 53.5 51 45.75 42.25 40 31.75 29 24 21 19 16.25 13.75 9.25 6.75 2.5 Moore. + 16 0 14 0 15 6 13 6 14 6 13 6 14 0 12 6 13 6 12 6 13 0 12 0 12 6 11 6 11 6 10 6 11 0 10 0 10 6 9 6 10 0 8 6 9 0 7 6 9 0 7 6 7 0 6 0 6 0 5 6 6 0 5 6 4 6 4 0 4 0 3 0 3 6 3 0 3 0 2 6 2 0 1 6 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 +WARRINGTON 78 74.5 71.25 68.25 67.75 66 63.75 58 56.25 54 48.75 45.25 43 34.75 32 27 24 22 19.25 16.75 12.25 9.75 5.5 3 WARRINTON. + 17 0 14 0 16 0 14 0 15 6 13 6 15 0 13 0 14 6 12 6 14 0 12 6 13 6 12 0 12 0 11 0 12 0 10 6 11 6 10 0 10 6 9 0 9 6 8 0 9 0 8 0 7 6 6 0 6 6 5 6 6 6 5 6 5 0 4 6 4 6 4 0 4 0 3 6 3 6 3 0 2 6 2 0 2 0 1 6 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 +Newton 82.75 79.25 76 73.25 72.5 70.75 68.5 62.75 61.25 58.75 53.5 50 47.75 39.5 36.75 32 28.75 26.75 24 21.5 17 14.5 10.25 7.75 4.75 Newton Junction. +Junction 18 0 15 0 17 6 14 6 16 6 14 6 16 0 14 0 15 6 13 6 15 0 13 6 15 0 13 0 14 0 12 0 13 6 11 6 13 0 11 0 11 6 10 0 11 0 9 0 10 6 8 6 8 0 7 0 7 6 6 6 7 6 6 6 6 0 5 0 5 6 4 6 5 0 4 6 5 0 4 0 3 6 3 0 3 0 2 6 2 0 1 6 1 6 1 0 1 6 1 0 +MANCHESTER 97.25 94 90.25 88 87.25 85.5 83.25 77.5 76 73.5 68.25 64.75 62.5 54.25 51.5 46.5 43.5 41.25 38.75 36.25 31.75 29.25 25 22.5 19.5 14.75 MANCHESTER. + 21 0 17 0 21 0 17 0 21 0 16 6 19 6 16 0 19 6 16 0 19 0 15 6 19 0 15 0 16 6 14 0 16 6 14 0 16 0 13 6 15 0 12 6 14 0 12 0 13 6 11 6 12 0 10 0 11 0 9 6 11 0 9 6 9 6 8 0 9 0 7 6 8 0 7 0 7 6 6 6 7 0 6 0 6 0 5 6 5 6 4 6 5 0 4 0 4 0 3 6 4 0 3 6 +LIVERPOOL 97.25 94 90.75 88 87.25 85.5 83.25 72.5 76 73.5 68.25 64.75 62.5 54.25 51.5 46.5 43.5 41.25 38.75 36.25 31.75 29.25 25 22.5 19.5 14.75 30 LIVERPOOL. + 21 0 17 0 21 0 17 0 21 0 16 6 19 6 16 0 19 6 16 0 19 0 15 6 19 0 15 0 16 6 14 0 16 6 14 0 16 0 13 6 15 0 12 6 14 0 12 0 13 6 11 6 12 0 10 0 11 0 9 6 11 0 9 6 9 6 8 0 9 0 7 6 8 0 7 0 7 6 6 6 7 0 6 0 6 0 5 6 5 6 4 6 5 0 4 0 4 0 3 6 4 0 3 6 6 0 4 6 + +_Explanation_.--To find the fare and distance from one station to +another--say Stafford to Wolverhampton. Find Stafford in the first +column, carry your eye along the column opposite to which it is placed +until you arrive at Wolverhampton placed in the slanting column, and +there the fare and distance will be found. + +*** The figures at the top of each square denote the distance, those on +the left hand the fare by the _first_ class carriages, (_whether in first +class or mixed class trains_) and those on the right hand the fare by the +_second_ class carriages. + + [_Entered at Stationer's Hall_.] + +* The Fares from Stations above Hartford, to Stations on the Manchester +and Liverpool Line, are the same as to Manchester and Liverpool. But the +Fares from Hartford, Acton, Preston Brook, Moore, and Warrington, to the +Stations on the Manchester and Liverpool Line, are in proportion to the +distance. + +The Fare from Birmingham to any Station on the Liverpool and Manchester +Line is in proportion. + +N.B.--The Mixed Trains also take up and set down Passengers _to or from +any part of the Grand Junction Railway_, at all the usual Stopping Places +on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.--An allowance is _included_ in +the above Tables of five minutes for _all_ the Trains at the _principal_ +Stations, and of three minutes for _the Mixed Trains_, at the +intermediate stopping places.--No Fare is less than One Shilling by the +principal Trains.--The Fare between the intermediate Stopping Places is +at the rate of about 2.5d. per mile for First, and 1.5d. for Second Class +Passengers. Tables of which are kept at each of the Stations. + +Parties arriving at Birmingham by the early Trains, can go on in the same +carriage to the London and Birmingham Railway Station, and so proceed by +the London Train. + + +Departures + + FROM LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO BIRMINGHAM. + 3 A.M. First, joins London Train at 8 30 A.M. + 6 30 A.M. Mixed ,, 12 30 P.M. + 9 15 A.M. 1st Class ,, 2 30 P.M. + 11 30 A.M. 1st Class ,, 4 30 P.M. + 4 30 P.M. Mixed + 6 P.M. 1st Class ,, 11 30 P.M. + + * * * * * + + FROM BIRMINGHAM TO LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER. + 3 A.M. First 2 30 P.M. 1st Class + 6 A.M. Mixed Train 4 P.M. Mixed + 11 30 A.M. 1st Class 5 P.M. 1st Class + +The 3 A.M. Train from Liverpool starts from the Station, Edge Hill, to +which place any Passenger wishing to go by this Train must proceed to +take his place. + + +On Sundays. + + FROM LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO BIRMINGHAM. + 3 A.M. First, joins London Train at 8 30 A.M. + 7 30 A.M. Mixed ,, 1 30 P.M. + 11 30 A.M. ,, + 6 P.M. ,, 11 30 P.M. + FROM BIRMINGHAM TO LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER. + 3 A.M. + 7 30 A.M. Mixed + 11 30 A.M. Mixed + 5 P.M. ,, + + The Trains on Sundays stop at First Class Stations only. + + By the Trains at A.M. + 3 + 9 15 A.M. on week 3 A.M. on + days, and + at + 11 30 A.M. 7 30 A.M. Sundays + and 6 P.M. and 6 P.M. + +First Class Passengers, Horses, and Carriages will, if required, be +booked throughout from Liverpool and Manchester only, to London, (but not +to any other place on the London and Birmingham Line for the present,) +without change of Carriage at Birmingham. A certain number only can be +booked by each train in this manner. + +No Horses can be booked further than Birmingham, unless they belong to a +Carriage or Passenger accompanying one of the above-mentioned Trains. + +Horses and Carriages should be at the Stations and booked at least a +quarter of an hour before the time of departure. + + +Fares. + + BETWEEN LIVERPOOL OR MANCHESTER AND FROM LIVERPOOL OR + BIRMINGHAM. MANCHESTER TO LONDON, + WHEN BOOKED THROUGHOUT AS + ABOVE + . s. +Six Inside 1st Class Coach 1 1 +Second Class Closed 0 17 Day Trains. +Carriages +Third Class Open Carriage by 0 11 6 Inside Coach, G.J. 21s. +6.5 a.m. Train from London 1. 10s. = 2. 11s. +Liverpool or Manchester, and +by 6 a.m. Train from +Birmingham +Passengers booked by this conveyance for 4 Inside Coach, G.J. 23s. +the entire distance only. London 1. 10s. = 2. 13s. +Children under Ten Years of age Half Night Trains. +Price. Ditto in arms free + 6 Inside Coach, G.J. 21s. + London 1. 12s. 6d. = 2. + 13s. 6d. + 4 Inside Coach, G.J. 23s. + London 1. 12s. 6d. = 2. + 15s. 6d. +One Horse 2 0 G.J. 2 4. 10s + London 2. + 10s = +Two Horses, if one property 3 0 ,, 3 8 +and in one box. ,, 5 + = +Three do do 4 0 ,, 4 10 + ,, 6 + = +Dogs each 0 3 +Gentlemen's Carriages, four 3 0 ,, 3 6. 15s. +wheels ,, 3. + 15s = +Do do two wheels 2 0 ,, 2 5. 15s. + ,, 3. + 15s = +Passengers in Private 0 17 ,, 17s. 1. 17s. +Carriages Lond. + (20s. Day + 25s. 2. 2s. + Night +Servants 0 14 ,, 14s. 1. 14s. + ,, 20s. + Day + 25s. 1. 19s. + Night +Grooms in charge of Horses, 0 14 +if riding with them in the +box. +Servants, in attendance on 0 17 +their Employers, may ride +outside, if there be room, +by First Class Trains, at +Second Class Fares. + +For intermediate distances all Carriages, whether on two or four wheels, +will be charged alike. + +Passengers are particularly requested to see that their Luggage is safely +loaded on the Carriages before starting, and that it is legibly directed +with the Owner's name, address, and destination. + + +Officers of the Grand Junction Railway:-- + + +JOHN MOSS, Esq., OF LIVERPOOL, CHAIRMAN. + +C. LAWRENCE, Esq., OF LIVERPOOL, DEPUTY CHAIRMAN. + +J. R. CHORLEY, Esq., OF LIVERPOOL, TREASURER. + +MR. S. EBORALL, CHIEF AGENT AT BIRMINGHAM. + +MR. G. BAKER, CHIEF AGENT AT MANCHESTER. + + + +GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY.--CONVEYANCE OF MERCHANDISE. + + +The rates for the conveyances of Merchandise from Liverpool and +Manchester to Birmingham, and from Birmingham to Liverpool and Manchester +respectively, for the present, are as follows:-- + +1st Class--Heavy hardware, 1s 6d. per cwt. No charge less than 1s. 6d. + +2nd Class--Bale goods, fruit, grocery, shoes, shell fish, wines and +spirits in casks, &c., &c., 2s. per cwt. + +3rd Class--Silk goods, light trusses, toys, wines and spirits in bottles +packed, fish, furniture, wool, tea, &c., &c., 2s. 6d. and 3s. per cwt. + +4th Class--Hats, light glasses in crates, and milliner's boxes, &c., 7s. +per cwt. + + + +Charge for Parcels to date from Oct. 1st, 1838, between Liverpool and +Manchester and Birmingham. + + s. d. + Under 18lbs. weight. +For any distance under 35 miles 0 6 + ,, ,, above 35, and not exceeding 50 miles 1 0 +Entire distance 1 6 + Above 18lbs. weight. +For any distance under 35 miles .5d. per lb. + ,, ,, above 35, and not exceeding 50 miles .75d. ,, + ,, ,, ,, 50, to the entire distance 1d. ,, + From Liverpool and Manchester to London. +15 lbs. and under 2s. 6d. +Above 15 lbs. 2d. per lb. + +Large light packages will be charged according to the bulk, &c., at the +discretion of the Company. Any person sending a parcel is authorised to +require its being booked in his presence, as the Company will not be +answerable for any parcels that are not entered in their books. + + + +LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY. + + +Travelling by the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 1838.--The following +are the Times of Departure both from Lime Street Station, Liverpool, and +from Liverpool Road Station, Manchester. + +First Class, 7, 9, 11, a.m., and 2, 3, 7, p.m. + +Second Class, 7.25, 10, 12, a.m., and 3, 5.5, 7, p.m.--Stopping only at +Newton, except on Tuesdays and Saturdays, when the evening Second Class +Train from Manchester starts at 6, instead of 5.5 o'clock. + + + +On Sundays. + + +First Class, 8 a.m. and 5 p.m.--Second Class, 7 a.m. and 5.5 p.m. + + +Fares. + + s. d. +By First Class train--Four inside--Royal Mail 6 6 + ditto--Six inside--Glass Coach 6 0 +By 2nd Class train--Glass Coaches 6 0 + ditto--Open carriages 4 6 +Charge for the conveyance of Four-wheeled carriages 20 0 + ditto--Two-wheeled ditto 15 0 +Horses--For One horse 10s. --Two horses 18s. --Three horses 22s. + +N.B.--All Horses must be embarked at the Company's Station, EDGE HILL, +(Wavertree-lane,) unless accompanying Carriages to which they belong; in +which case they may be embarked at LIME STREET. + + +Luggage. + + +NOTICE.--To prevent loss or mistake of Luggage, Passengers are requested +to keep charge of their small Packages, by placing them under their +Seats, instead of on the Roof of the Coach.--The Weight allowed for each +Passenger is 60lb., beyond which a Charge will be made at the rate of 3s. +per cwt. + + + +Liverpool and Manchester to Wigan. + + +By the First Class train 7 a.m.--2nd Class trains 10, 12, a.m. and 5.5 +p.m. + + +On Sundays. + + + By the 2nd Class Trains 7 a.m., and 5.5 p.m. + +FARES.--From Liverpool or Manchester, 1st Class 5s.; 2nd Class 3s. 6d. + + + +Liverpool and Manchester to Bolton. + + +By the 1st Class Train 9 a.m.--2nd Class Trains 7.25, 12, a.m., and 5.5 +p.m. + + +On Sundays. + + + By the 2nd Class Trains 7 am., and 5.5 p.m. + +FARES.--From Liverpool, In. 5s. 6d., Out. 4s.; and from Manchester, 2s. +6d. and 2s. + + + +Liverpool and Manchester to St. Helens. + + +By the 2nd Class Trains, 7.25, 10, 12, a.m., and 3, 5.5, p.m. + + +On Sundays. + + + By the 2nd Class Trains 7 a.m., and 5.5 p.m. + +FARES.--From Liverpool In. 2s. 6d. Out 2s.; and from Manchester, 3s. 6d. +and 2s. 6d. + + + +Liverpool and Manchester to Runcorn Gap. + + + By the 2nd Class Trains 7.5 a.m., and 3 p.m. + + +On Sundays. + + + By the 2nd Class Trains 7 a.m. and 5.5 p.m. + +FARES.--From Liverpool, In. 3s., Out. 2s. 6d.; and from Manchester 4s. +and 3s. + + * * * * * + + + + +THE VISITER'S GUIDE TO BIRMINGHAM, {97a} LIVERPOOL, AND MANCHESTER. + + +BIRMINGHAM. + + +PUBLIC BUILDINGS. + + +The Town Hall, {97b} situate at the top of New-street; open to strangers. + +The Free School, New-street. + +Market Hall, High-street. + +Royal School of Medicine and Surgery, Paradise-street, opposite the Town +Hall, where an extensive Museum is at all times open to the public. + +The Society of Arts, New-street. Exhibition of Paintings open in the +Autumn. + +Nelson's Monument, High-street. + +The Theatre Royal, New-street. + +News Rooms, Bennett's Hill. + +Public Office, Moor-street. + + +PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. + + +Post Office, situate at the bottom of Bennett's Hill. + +Stamp Office, Colmore Row. + +Assay Office, Cannon-street. + +The Cemetery, Hockley. + +Proof House, Banbury-street. + + +LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. + + +The Society of Arts, New-street. Exhibition of Paintings open in the +Autumn. + +Philosophical Institution, Cannon-street. + +Mechanic's Institution, Cannon-street. + +Botanical & Horticultural Society. The Gardens are at Edgbaston. +Strangers are admitted by a subscriber's order. + +Old Library, Union-street. + +New Library, Temple Row West. + +Law Library, Waterloo-street. + +Medical Library, at the Royal School of Medicine, Paradise-street. + + +PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS. + + +Theatre Royal, New-street. + +Ryan's Amphitheatre, Bradford-street. + +Billiard Rooms, Waterloo-street, adjoining the News Room; New-street, +adjoining the Theatre; and Cannon-street. + + +PUBLIC CHARITIES. + + +General Hospital, Summer Lane. + +Dispensary, Union-street. + +Asylum, (for Destitute Children,) near to Aston Park. + +Workhouse, Lichfield-street. + +Magdalen Asylum and Chapel, Islington. + +Infirmary for Diseases of the Eye, Cannon-street. + + +SCHOOLS. + + +Free Grammar School, New-street. + +Blue Coat School, east side of St. Philip's Church Yard. + +Infant Schools, Ann-street and Cherry-street. + +National Schools, Pinfold-street. + +Lancasterian School, Severn-street. + +Protestant Dissenters' Charity School, for females, Park-street. + +Deaf and Dumb Institution, Edgbaston. + + +MISCELLANEOUS. + + +Barracks, Great Brook-street, Ashted. + +Court of Requests, High-street. + +Duddeston Hall Lunatic Asylum, Duddeston. + +Old Gas Works, Broad-street. + +The Baths, (swimming, and hot and cold private Baths,) at Lady Well, near +the bottom of Worcester-street. + +Vauxhall Gardens, Ashted. + + +PLACES OF WORSHIP. + +Church of England. + +Churches and Chapels. Ministers, with their Services commence. + Residences. +St. Martin's, Rev. T. Moseley, .5 past 10, 3, .5 +Bull-ring M.A., Bath-row, past 6. + Rector; Rev. M. W. + Foye, A.M., + Exeter-row, Curate; + Rev. C. Arnold, A.M., + Sandpits, Lecturer. + + +St. Philip's, Temple Rev. L. Gardner, .5 past 10, .25 past +row D.D., Rectory, 3. + Rector; Rev. J. W. + Downes, M.A., + Colmore-row, + Lecturer; Rev. B. + Spurrell, M.A. 36 St. + Paul's-square, + Curate. +St. George's, St. Rev. John Garbett, .25 before 11, .5 +George's M.A., Hockley-hill, past 3, and .5 past + Rector; Rev. Layton 6; Wednesday, .25 + Irwen, Gt. past 7. + Hampton-street, + Curate. +St. Thomas's, Rev. Wm. Marsh, M.A., .5 past 10, 3, and .5 +Holloway-head Hagley-row, Rector; past 6; Tuesday, 7, + Rev. Charles Lowe, prayer meeting; + B.A., Bedford-place, Sunday, 7; Friday, .5 + Bristol-road, Curate. past 7. +All Saints', Hockley Rev. S. F. Morgan, .5 past 10, 3. + M.A., Grosvenor-row, + Birmingham-heath, + Rector. +Christ Church, Rev. J. G. Breay, .5 past 10, .5 past +Paradise-street B.A., Crescent, 6; Thursday, 7. + Minister; Rev. Daniel + Ledsam, B.A., + Summer-hill, Curate. +St. Bartholomew's, Rev. Thomas Nunns, 11, .5 past 6. +Bartholomew-square M.A., Crescent, + Minister. +St. Mary's, St. Rev. J. C. Barratt, .5 past 10, 3, .5 +Mary's square M.A., St. Mary's-row, past 6. + Minister; Rev. E. + Hall, M.A., + Summer-hill, Curate. +St. Paul's, St. Rev. Rann Kennedy, .25 before 11, .5 +Paul's square M.A., The Hollies, past 6. + Hall Green, Minister; + Rev. William Wenman, + St. Paul's-square, + Curate. +St. Peter's, Dale-end Rev. Charles Craven, 11, .5 past 6. + M.A., Edgbaston, + Minister. +Bishop Ryder's, +Stafford-street +St. John's, Deritend Rev. E. Palmer, 11, .5 past 6. + High-gate, Minister; + Rev. J. Collisson, + B.A., Camphill, + Curate. +St. James's, Ashted Rev. Josiah Allport, .5 past 10, .5 past + Ashted, Minister. 6. +Trinity, Bordesley Rev. S. Crane, B.A., .5 past 10, .5 past + Bordesley, Minister. 3; in winter 3. +Aston Church, Aston Rev. G. O. Fenwicke, 11, 3. + M.A., Vicarage, + Vicar; Rev. Horace + Chavasse, Curate. +Edgbaston Church, Rev. Charles Pixell, 11, .5 past 3. +Edgbaston M.A., Vicarage, + Vicar. +St. George's, +Calthorpe-street, +Edgbaston +Handsworth Church, Rev. John Hargreaves, 11, 3. +Handsworth M.A., Rectory, + Rector; Rev. D. N. + Walton, M.A., + Heathfield-lane, + Curate. +Magdalen Chapel, +Islington + +Dissenters. + + Chapels and Meeting Ministers, and their Services commence. + Houses. Residences. + _Association Methodists_. +Newhall street, Mr. J. Handley, .5 past 10, 6; + Minister. Wednesday, .25 past + 7. + _Baptists_. +Cannon-street Rev. T. Swann, .5 past 10, 3, and .5 + Wheeley's Lane, past 6; Monday and + Edgbaston. Thursday, .5 past 7. +Bond street Rev. T. Morgan, .5 past 10, .5 past + Regent place, 6; Monday and + Harper's hill. Wednesday, .5 past 7. +Graham-street Rev. J. Hoby, D.D., .5 past 10, .5 past + Camden-hill. 6; Monday and + Wednesday, .5 past 7. +Newhall-street Rev. J. Ham, .5 past 10, 3, and .5 + Bath-street. past 6; Monday and + Wednesday, .5 past 7. +Lombard street Rev. G. Cheatle, 11, 3, and .5 past 6; + Lombard-street. Monday and Wednesday, + .5 past 7. + _Calvinists_. +Bartholomew-street Rev. Mr. Telford, .5 past 10, 6; Monday + Bordesley-place. and Wednesday, .5 + past 7. +Zoah Chapel, Rev. James Jay. .5 past 10, and .5 +Cambridge-street past 6; Wednesday, .5 + past 7. +Lawrence-street Rev. Thomas .5 past 10, 3, and + Buckingham. half past 6; Monday + and Thursday, .5 past + 7 + _Dependent Methodists_. +Buck-street Various Preachers. .5 past 10, 2, & 6; + Tuesday, .5 past 7; + Thursday, 8. + _Holy Catholic & Apostolic Church_. +Newhall-street, Mr. Barclay. 6, 10, 2, .5 before + 4, 5, .5 past 6; also + daily, 6, and 5. + _Independents_. +Carr's lane Rev. J. A. James, .5 past 10, .5 past + Edgbaston. 6; Monday and + Wednesday, .5 past 7. +Steelhouse-lane Rev. T. East, 11, .5 past 6; Monday + Sparkbrook. and Wednesday, .5 + past 7. +Livery-street Rev. J. Allsop, 7, .25 before 11, .5 + Newhall-hill. past 6; Monday and + Thursday, .25 past 7. +Legge-street Messrs. Clay and .5 past 10, .5 past + Derrington, alternate 6; Tuesday & + Preachers. Thursday, .5 past 7. +Great Barr-street Various Preachers. .5 past 10, .5 past + 6. +Union Chapel, Rev. J. Hammond, 11, 3, and .5 past 6. +Handsworth Union Row, + Handsworth. +Saltley, near the Various Preachers. .5 past 10, and 3. +Railway + _Jews' Synagogue_. +Severn-street Rev. Mr. Chapman, On Saturday at .5 + Smallbrook-street, past 8, during the + Reader. winter months, & 8, + Summer months; 1, and + at sunset. + _Lady Huntingdon's_. +King-street Rev. John Jones, .5 past 10, 3, & .5 + Bristol Road. past 6; Monday, + Wednesday, and + Friday, .5 past 7. A + Welsh service at 2 + every Sunday + afternoon. + _New Jerusalem Church_. +Summer Lane Rev. E. Madeley, .25 before 11, & .5 + Summer-lane. past 6. + _New Connexion Methodists_. +Oxford-street Rev. J. Curtis, .5 past 10, .5 past + Ravenhurst street. 2, & 6; Tuesday & + Friday, .5 past 7. + _Primitive Methodists_. +Inge-street Various Preachers. +Bordesley-street Various Preachers. + _Roman Catholics_. +St. Chad's, Rev. E. Peach and .25 past 8, .5 past +Shadwell-street Rev. J. Abbott. 9, .5 past 10, .5 + past 3, and .5 past + 6. +St. Peter's, St Rev. T. M. McDonnell, 9, .5 past 10, .5 +Peter's place St. Peter's place. past 3, & .5 past 6. + _Society of Friends_. +Bull-street 10, 3, in Winter, and + 6 in Summer; + Wednesday, 10. + _Scotch Church_. +Broad-street Rev. Robert Wallace, 11 & .5 past 6. + M.A., No. 1, + Summer-hill Terrace, + Sandpits. + _Unitarians_. +Old Meeting-house, Rev. Hugh Hutton, 11 & .5 past 6. +Grub-street Edgbaston. +New Meeting-house, Rev. John Kentish, 11 & 3. +Moor street Bourn-brook, + Bristol-road; Rev. S. + Bache, + Frederick-street, + Edgbaston. +Thorp-street Various Preachers. 11, .5 past 6; + Wednesday, .5 past 7. +Cambridge-street, Various Preachers. 11, 3. +Crescent + _Birmingham West Circuit_. +Cherry-street Rev. G. B. McDonald, .5 past 10, 3, and 6; + 45, Newhall-street. Tuesday and Thursday, + .25 past 7. +Wesley Chapel, Rev. T. Dicken, 17, .5 past 10, 3, and .5 +Constitution-hill Vittoria-street. past 6; Tuesday, .25 + past 7. +Islington Chapel Rev. J. Lomas, Hagley .5 past 10, .5 past + Road. 2, and 6; Wednesday, + .25 past 7. +Bristol-road Rev. J. P. Haswell, .5 past 10, .5 past + Wellington-road. 2, and 6; Tuesday; + .25 past 7. + _Birmingham East Circuit_. +Belmont-row Rev. D. Walton, .5 past 10, .5 past + Belmont row. 2, and 6; Wednesday + .25 past 7. +Bradford-street Rev. J. Barton, .5 past 10, .5 past + Camphill. 2, and 6; Wednesday, + .5 past 7. +New-town Row Rev. W. Griffith, .5 past 10, .5 past + Jun. 2, and 6; Thursday, + .5 past 7. + +PRINCIPAL SHOW ROOMS AND MANUFACTORIES. {106} + + +Soho, Handsworth. + + +BRASS FOUNDERS. + + +Anderton, W. and Sons, 6, Whittall-street. + +Barber, J., and Green, 15, Newhall-street. + +Bourn, John, 31, Lionel-street. + +Docker, Thomas, and Sons, Whittall-street. + +Heaton, Ralph, 70 and 71, Bath-street. + +Horn, Thomas, Temple-row. + +Lingham Brothers, 170, Little Hampton-street. + +Messenger, Thomas, and Sons, 22, Broad-street. + +Ratcliff, J. and E., St. Paul's Square. + +Simcox, Pemberton, and Co., 42, Livery-street. + +Smith, Timothy, and Sons, 4, Bartholomew-street. + +Standley, James, 43, Staniforth-street. + +Swift, James, 7, Whittall-street. + +Winfield, R. W., Cambridge-street. + + +BRITISH PLATE MANUFACTURERS. + + +Brown & Ball, Paradise-street. + +Evans & Askin, George-street, Sand Pits. + +Merry & Co., Cherry-street. + +Sturges & Son, 26, Lichfield-street. + + +BUTTON MANUFACTURERS. + + +Armfield, Edward, Newhall-street. + +Aston, J., St. Paul's Square. + +Bartleet, T., and Sons, 126, Great Charles-street. + +Elliott, W., Frederick-street, Regent-street. + +Hammond, Turner, and Sons, Snowhill. + +Hardman, J., and Co., 12, Paradise-street. + +Jennens and Co., Old Meeting-house-yard, Deritend. + +Ledsam, Thomas, and Sons, 10, Great Charles-street. + +Smith, C. F., 14, Newhall-street. + +Steadman, R., Jun., 35, Edmund-street. + + +CUT AND PLAIN GLASS MANUFACTURERS. + + +Bedford, Sarah, & Co., 16, New-street. + +Henderson, (Stainer of Glass,) New-street. + +Price, High-street. + +Rollason, Thomas, (Manufacturer to the Royal Family,) Steel-house Lane. + +Osler, F. & C., Broad street. + + +GLASS WORKS. + + +Bacchus and Green, Union Glass Works, Dartmouth-street. + +Gammon, W. & Co., Belmont Glass Works, Great Brook-street. + +Goold & Co., AEtna Glass Works, Broad-street. + +Harris, Rice, Islington Glass Works, Sheepcote-street, Broad-street. + +Thomson and Shaw, Bagot-street. + + +GUN AND PISTOL MAKERS. + + +Busby, J., 30.5, New-street. + +Dugard, R., 29, Whittall-street. + +Jones, Charles, 16, Whittall-street. + +Meredith, H., and Son, 48, St. Paul's Square. + +Powell, W., 49, High-street. + +Pritchard, W., 135, New-street. + +Redfern, B., Caroline-street. + +Richards, Westley, 82, High-street. + +Sargant and Son, 74, Edmund-street. + +Wheeler, R., and Son, 27, Snow-hill. + + +HOTHOUSE AND HORTICULTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTORS--METALLIC AND COPPER +SASH MANUFACTURERS. + + +Clark, Thomas, jun., 55, Lionel-street. + +Daft, Thomas, & Son, Town Hall Foundry, Paradise-street. + + +IRON FOUNDERS. + + +Boulton, Watt, & Co., Soho. + +Capper, Charles Henry, Broad-street. + +Jones, George, Phoenix Foundry, Snowhill. + +Jones, Thomas, & Sons, Bradford-street. + +Mole, T. & W., Pagoda Works, Bordesley.--Show Rooms, Smithfield. + +Smith & Hawkes, Eagle Foundry, Broad-street. + + +JAPANNERS. + + +Bill, R. & G., 14, Summer Lane. + +Jennens & Bettridge, (Paper Tray Makers to her Majesty,) 99, Constitution +Hill. + +Lane, Thomas, Great Hampton-street. + +Room, James, 28, Summer Row. + + +JEWELLERS, SILVERSMITHS, AND EMPORIUMS FOR EVERY DESCRIPTION OF CUTLERY, +PLATED WARES, &C. + + +Soho Plate Company, Handsworth. + +Collis, G. R., Church-street. + +Edwards, Ball, & Co., 82, High-street, where may be seen a very extensive +stock of silver goods and jewellery. + +Mapplebeck & Lowe, Bull Ring. + + +LAMP, CHANDELIER, CANDELABRA, LUSTRE, &c., MANUFACTURERS. + + +Aspinall, T., 33, Lower Temple-street. + +Blakeway, John, Edgbaston-street. + +Blakeway, Thomas William, Broad-street. + +Messenger, Thomas, & Sons, Broad-street. + +Osler, Follett, Broad-street, Islington. + +Phipson & Evans, Newhall-street. + +Ratcliff, John & Charles, 140, Suffolk-street. + +Salt, Thomas Clutton, 17 & 18, Edmund-street. + +Smith, Timothy, & Sons, 4, Bartholomew street. + + +METAL ROLLERS. + + +Cooke, Roome, & Harley, Fazeley-street. + +Muntz, George Frederick, Water-street. + +Phipson, William, Fazeley-street. + +Union Rolling Mills, Cambridge-street. + + +PIN MAKERS. + + +Phipson, T., & Sons, Broad-street. + +Latham & Kilmister, Lancaster-street. + + +PLATERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF SILVER AND PLATED WARES. + + +Baker, W. T., 42, Paradise-street. + +Collis, G. R., Church-street. + +Dixon, Matthew, 137, Snow-hill. + +Kirkham, T., 13, Cherry-street, Union-street. + +Parker, J., & Sons, 23.5, Summer-row. + +Parker, John Frederick, 72, High-street. + +Ryland, William, 167, Great Charles-street. + +Soho Plate Company, Soho. + +Spooner, Painter, & Co., 12, New Market-street, Great Charles-street. + +Waterhouse & Son, 22, Hill-street. + +Wilkinson, Thomas, & Co., 15, Great Hampton-street. + +Willmore & Co., Bread-street. + + +STEAM ENGINE MANUFACTURERS. + + +Boulton & Watt, Soho, Handsworth. + +Capper, C. H., Broad-street. + +Donaldson & Glasgow, 53, Suffolk-street. + +Smith & Hawkes, Eagle Foundry, Broad-street. + +Jones, George, Phoenix Foundry, Snow-hill and Lionel-street. + +Penn, Samuel, Great Lister-street Steam Mill. + +Tongue, W., 95, Bordesley-street. + + +SCREW MANUFACTURERS. + + +James, J., Bradford-street. + +Ledsam, Messrs., Edmund-street. + +Ryland, H., Oozell-street, Broad-street. + + +MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURERS, &c. + + +Knight, Henry, Machinist, 15, Ann-street. + +Middlemore, --, Holloway-head, Saddlers' Ironmonger. + +Room, W. & F., Parade, Wholesale Saddlers and Bridle Makers. + +Rodgers & Co., Broad-street, Brace and Belt Manufacturers. + + +POST OFFICE, BENNETT'S HILL. + + +_The following Statement shows the time of Arrival and Departure of the +various Mails_. + + ARRIVALS. DEPARTURE. + 4 25 A.M. Bristol 9 20 P.M. + 5 48 ,, London 8 50 ,, + 7 ,, Sutton Messenger 7 15 A.M. + 7 50 ,, Banbury 6 50 P.M. + 10 23 ,, Chipping Norton 3 ,, + 11 30 ,, First G. J. Railway 5 45 A.M. + Noon Bilston Messenger 2 30 P.M. + 4 30 P.M. Second G. J. Railway 11 15 A.M. + 4 30 ,, Sheffield 5 30 ,, + 5 2 ,, Yarmouth 7 45 ,, + 5 35 ,, Leamington 7 ,, + 5 15 ,, Oldbury Messenger 7 15 ,, + 6 ,, Halesowen / Castle Bromwich / 7 15 ,, + Great Barr + 6 45 ,, London {110} 7 38 ,, + 6 20 ,, Tamworth 7 ,, + 7 55 ,, Worcester 7 ,, + 8 30 ,, Stourport 6 30 ,, + 8 31 ,, Holyhead 6 23 ,, + 8 40 ,, Third G.J. Railway 2 15 P.M. + 11 45 ,, Fourth G.J. Railway 6 45 ,, + +A second bag for London is despatched by the midnight Mail, and arrives +there in time for an afternoon delivery. + +On Tuesdays and Fridays a Foreign Bag is forwarded to London by a mail +which leaves Birmingham at .5 past 12 at noon. + +The Letter Box closes at 6.5 a.m., for the despatch of the mails to +Holyhead, Yarmouth, Worcester, Leamington, and Stourport; at 8 p.m. for +the despatch of the London and Bristol mails, and half an hour previous +to the departure of any of the other mails. + +The delivery of Letters from the office window commences at .5 past 7 +a.m., with the letters brought by the Bristol and London mails. Letters +by the other mails are ready for delivery in 30 Minutes after their +arrival until 8 p.m., at which period this window is closed. At .5 past +8 p.m. it opens again for the delivery of letters brought by the +Worcester, Stourport, Third Railway, and Holyhead mails, and it continues +open until 10 p.m. + +There are two general deliveries by letter-carriers within the town, the +first commencing at .5 past 7 a.m., and the second at about a .25 after 5 +p.m., except on Sundays, when there is no afternoon delivery. + +When any delay occurs in the arrival of the mails, a corresponding delay +will necessarily occur in the delivery. + + RECEIVING HOUSES FOR GENERAL POST OFFICE. +Mr. W. Hewitt, Grocer, Mr. J. White, 235, +Hagley-row. Bristol-street. +Mr. E. Gunn, 1, Kenyon-street. Miss Davies, Lower Terrace, Sand + Pits +Mr. W. Drury, 30, Mrs. Wood 172, High Street, +Lancaster-street. Deritend +Mr. T. Ash, Druggist, +Prospect-row. + +HACKNEY COACH FARES. + + +DRAWN BY TWO HORSES. Not exceeding half a mile, 1s.--ditto one mile, 1s. +6d.--ditto one mile and a half, 2s.--ditto two miles, 2s. 6d.--ditto +three miles, 3s. 6d.--ditto four miles, 5s. + +DRAWN BY ONE HORSE.--Not exceeding one mile, 1s.--ditto one mile and a +half, 1s. 6d.--ditto two miles, 2s.--ditto two miles and a half, 2s. +6d.--ditto three miles, 3s.--ditto three miles and a half, 3s. 6d.--ditto +four miles, 4s. + +Returning with the same Fare, half the foregoing charges. + +TIME. Between the hours of nine in the morning and twelve at +night--twenty minutes, 6d.--forty minutes, 1s.--every twenty minutes +above forty, 6d., for being detained. + +TIME. Between twelve at night and six in the morning--double the +foregoing fares. + +PENALTY. Not exceeding twenty shillings, for every offence, in case any +driver shall refuse to show a list of the above fares, if required. + + +BANKERS, +WITH THE HOUSES WHICH THEY DRAW UPON IN LONDON. + +Taylor and Lloyds, Dale-end. Hanburys, Taylors, & Lloyds. +Attwoods, Spooner & Co., New Spooner, Attwoods & Co. +street. +J. L. Moilliet & Son, Cherry Sir. J. W. Lubbock & Co. +street. +Birmingham Banking Co., Jones, Lloyd & Co.; & Glyn, +Bennett's-hill. Halifax & Co. +Birmingham Borough Bank, Bull Prescott, Grote & Co. +street. +Nat. Prov. Bank of Birm. Hanburys, Taylors & Lloyds. +Bennett's-hill. +Birm. Town & Dist. Bank, Barclay, Bevan & Co. +Colmore-row. +Birm. & Mid. Banking Co., Williams, Deacon & Co. +Union-street. +Branch Bank of England, +Bennett's-hill. +Savings' Bank, Temple-row, open on Monday and Thursday, from Twelve +till Two o'clock. + +INNS. + +The Royal Hotel Temple Row The principal Family + Houses. +New Royal ditto New-street +Stork Old Square Family & Commercial +Hen and Chickens New-street Coach, Family, and + Commercial. +Swan High-street & New-st. +Albion High-street +Nelson High-street +Castle High-street +Saracen's Head Bull-street +St. George's Tavern High-street +Union Union-street Chiefly Commercial. +White Hart Digbeth +George Digbeth +Woolpack Moor-street +King's Head Worcester-street + +COMMERCIAL BOARDING HOUSES. + + +J. Jones, 12, Union Passage; + +Misses E. & C. Puddicombe, (Private & Commercial,) 3, Colmore-row; + +J. Smith, 72, Newhall-street; + +Glover, 118, New-street. + + +OMNIBUS OFFICES. + + +High-street; Bull-street, and Snow-hill. + + +LIST OF NEWSPAPERS.--_July_ 31, 1838. + +_Monday_ ARIS'S GAZETTE--General and Commercial Advertising + Paper, established nearly a century. Average weekly + circulation, 3,250 copies. +_Thursday_ THE MIDLAND COUNTIES' HERALD--A general business Paper, + circulated to a considerable extent, gratuitously, and + containing commercial and other information, but no + political discussions. The guaranteed circulation is + 5,000 copies weekly. + -- BIRMINGHAM ADVERTISER--Tory. Circulation, 1,750 copies + weekly. +_Saturday_ BIRMINGHAM JOURNAL--Radical and intelligent. + Circulation, 2,500 copies weekly. + +CANAL CONVEYANCE. + + +Bird, G. R., & Son, Crescent; all parts. + +Crowley, Hicklin, Batty, & Co., Crescent; all parts. + +Danks, J., Broad-street; Liverpool, Manchester, Hull, and all places on +the eastern coast. + +Danks, J., Great Charles-street; Bristol and the West of England. + +Greaves, Broad-street; Stratford-on-Avon, &c. + +Pickford & Co., Fazeley-street and Worcester Wharfs; all parts of the +kingdom. + +Partridge, W. & Co., No. 5, Warehouse, Worcester Wharf; Worcester, +Gloucester, and Bristol. + +Partt, C., Jun., Crescent; Stratford-on-Avon. + +Shipton & Co., Broad-street; Liverpool, Manchester, and all parts of the +North of England. + +Smith, Great Charles-street. + +Swain & Co., Friday Bridge; Hull, the North, and Sheffield. + +Sturland, Thomas, Crescent; Bristol, Liverpool, Manchester, and all parts +of the North. + +Southan, Worcester Wharf; Bristol and Wales. + +Smith & Wilkinson, 161, Great Charles-street; Walsall. + +Wheatcroft & Sons, Crescent; all parts North and East. + +Whitehouse & Sons, Crescent, all parts. + +Worthington & Co., Great Charles-street; Liverpool, Manchester, and all +parts of the North. + + +WAGGON WAREHOUSES. + + +John Shackel, 52, Dale-end; London and all parts. + +G. Swain & Co., Friday Bridge; Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Carlisle, Durham, +York, Hull, &c. + +Mead, 138, Moor-street; all parts. + +W. Ashmore, Edgbaston-street; Bristol and the West, and all parts of +Norfolk. + +Jolly, Bromsgrove-street; London. + +Wheatcroft & Sons, Crescent; Leeds, Sheffield, and the North, Bristol, +and all parts of the West. + +Haines & Co.'s Fly Vans, White Horse, Moor-street; London and Bristol. + +J. Butler, 88, Coleshill-street; Staffordshire and the Potteries. + +Wade & Co., Bordesley-street; Bristol and the West, Sheffield, and the +North. + +Red Lion, Park-street, Digbeth; London, Bristol, and all parts. + + +PLACES OF NOTE ADJACENT TO BIRMINGHAM. + + +The tourist will find the following places well deserving his attention, +and to which coaches are daily passing. The figures denote the miles +distant from Birmingham. + +The Ruins of Kenilworth Castle, 18. + +The Ruins of Dudley Castle, 9. + +Warwick Castle, 20. + +Guy's Cliff, near Warwick, 21. + +Lichfield Cathedral, 17. + +Leamington Spa, 22. + +Hagley Park, 12. + + + +LIVERPOOL + + +PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS. + + +Theatre Royal, East Williamson Square. + +Royal Amphitheatre, Great Charlotte-street. + +The Liver Theatre, at the top of Church-street. + +Queen's Theatre, or Circus, Christian-street. + +Sans Pareil, Great Charlotte-street. + + +PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND OBJECTS OF ATTRACTION. + + +Botanical Gardens, Edge Lane; admittance by ticket, to be obtained at all +the Hotels. + +Custom House, Excise, Dock Office, Post Office, under the same roof, +South Castle-street + +Cemetery, St. James's, top of Duke-street. + +-- Necropolis, Low Hill. + +Exchange, Castle-street. + +House of Industry, Brownlow Hill. + +Infirmary, Dover-street. + +Lunatic Asylum, Brownlow Hill. + +Pistol Gallery, Tarlton-street, Williamson Square. + +Sessions House, situate at the West of the Exchange. + +Statue of George the Third, bottom of Pembroke Place, in London Road. + +Telegraph, bottom of Chapel-street. May be visited on application to +Lieut. Watson, at the Office. + +Town Hall, Castle-street. + +Wellington Rooms, Great Orford-street. + +Zoological Gardens; an order, which may be obtained at any of the +respectable Hotels, will, on the payment of a shilling, admit a stranger. + + +BATHS. + + +The New Baths, West side of St. George's Dock. + +Whitlaw's Vapour Baths, Renshaw-street. + +Sadler's Baths, Hanover-street. + +The Floating Bath, Prince's Parade. + + +THE DOCKS. + + +Clarence Dock, for steam packets. + +Prince's Dock, American ships. + +George's Dock, in which is moored the Floating Church, for the +convenience of seamen. + +The King's Dock; vessels from Virginia and other ports, laden with +tobacco. + +The Waterloo Dock, Victoria Dock, and Trafalgar Dock, communicate with +each other. + +Canning Dock; vessels from the Northern ports, and in the coasting trade. + +Salt-house Dock, for ships in the Levant and Irish trade. + +Duke of Bridgewater's Dock, for boats called flats, in the canal trade. + +Queen's Dock, for timber ships from America and the Baltic. + +Brunswick Dock, vessels laden with timber. + +GRAVING DOCKS. Nos. 1, 2, and 3, communicate with the Canning Dock; Nos. +4, 5, and 6, lie between the Queen's Dock and the river; two Graving +Docks are attached to the Brunswick Dock. + + +THE MARKETS. + + +St. John's Market, Great Charlotte-street. + +New Fish Market, opposite St. John's Market. + +The North Market, Scotland-street. + +St. James's Market, Great George-street. + +Islington Market, top of Shaw's Row. + +Cattle Market, three miles on the London Road. + +Corn Exchange, Brunswick-street. + + +LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. + + +The Royal Institutions, Colquitt-street. + +Philosophical and Literary Society; meetings held at the Royal +Institution. + +Apothecaries' Hall, Colquitt-street. + +Mechanics' Institution, Mount-street. + +Athenaeum, Church-street. + +Lyceum, Bold-street. + +Apprentices' (Male and Female) Library, School Lane. + +Law Library, Clarendon Buildings. + +Union News Room, Duke-street. + + +PUBLIC CHARITIES. + + +Alms Houses, St. Mary's Lane. + +Blue Coat Hospital, School Lane. + +Blind Asylum, London Road. + +Bethel Union Ship, King's Dock. + +Charity Institution House, Salter-street. + +Charity, (the Ladies',) for Relief of Women in Childbed. + +Dispensaries; Vauxhall Road and Upper Parliament-street. + +Female School of Industry, Heathfield-street. + +Female Penitentiary, Crabtree Lane. + +House of Recovery, Workhouse. + +Infirmary, Brownlow-street. + +Institution for Diseases of the Ear, Duke-street. + +Infant Schools, numerous. + +Lunatic Asylum, Ashton-street, Brownlow Hill. + +Marine Society, Mariners' Church. + +Marine Humane Society. + +Mariner's Church Society, Ship in St. George's Dock. + +Naval Bible Society, Mariners' Church. + +Ophthalmic Institution, Slater's Court. + +Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, Ranelagh-street. + +Society for bettering the Condition of the Poor, Savings Bank, +Bold-street. + +Stranger's Friend Society. + +School for the Deaf and Dumb, Wood-street. + +Theatrical Fund, Theatre Royal Office. + +Welsh Charitable Society, Russell Place. + + +PLACES OF PUBLIC WORSHIP. + + +_Church of England_--twenty-four in number; the most worthy of notice +being, St. Paul's, St. Paul's Square; St. George's, Lord-street; St. +Peter's, Church-street; St. Luke's, Bold-street; St. Nicholas', +Chapel-street; St. Catherine's, Abercromby-square; The Blind Asylum, +Duncan-street East. + +_Roman Catholics_--St. Mary's, Lumber-street; St. Patrick's, Toxteth +Park; St. Nicholas', Blake-street; St. Peter's, Seal-street; St. +Anthony's, Scotland-road. + +_Scotch Churches_--St. Andrew's Church, Rodney-street; Oldham-street +Church; Scotch Baptist Church, Hunter-street; Scotch Secession Church, +Mount Pleasant, and Russell-street. + +_Unitarians_--two in number; one in Paradise-street, and one in +Renshaw-street. + +_Independents_--Bethesda, Duncan-street, London-road; Toxteth Park +Chapel; Great Crosshall-street Chapel; Renshaw-street Chapel; +Gloucester-street Chapel; Great George-street Chapel. + +_Baptists_--Lime-street; Great Crosshall-street; Russell-street; +Cockspur-street; Comus-street; Byrom-street. + +_Methodists_--Leeds-street; Pitt-street; Mount Pleasant; Stanhope-street; +Moss-street; London-road; and Bend's Garden Chapel. + +_Friends' Meeting House_, Hunter-street. + +_Jew's Synagogue_, Seel-street. + + +TIME OF STARTING BY THE RAILROAD. + + +Travelling by the _Liverpool and Manchester Railway_, 1838.--The +following are the Times of Departure both from Lime-street Station, +Liverpool, and from Liverpool Road Station, Manchester. + +FIRST CLASS--Seven, nine, eleven, two, five, and seven o'clock. + +SECOND CLASS--Quarter past seven, ten, twelve, three, half-past five, and +seven o'clock, stopping only at Newton. + +Except on Tuesdays and Saturdays, when the Evening Second Class Train +from Manchester starts at six, instead of half-past five o'clock. + +ON SUNDAYS--First Class, eight in the morning, and five in the +evening.--Second Class, seven in the morning and half-past five in the +evening. + + +FARES. + + s. d. +By First Class Train--Four Inside--Royal Mail 6 6 + Ditto--Six Inside--Glass Coach 5 6 +By 2nd. Class Train--Glass Coaches 5 6 + Ditto--Open Carriages 4 0 +Charge for the conveyance of Four-wheeled Carriages 20 0 + Ditto Two-wheeled ditto 15 0 + +HORSES--For one horse 10s.--two horses 18s.--three horses 22s. + +N.B.--All Horses must be embarked at the Company's Station, Edge Hill, +Wavertree Lane, unless accompanying Carriages to which they belong; in +which case they may be embarked at Lime-street. + + +LUGGAGE. + + +NOTICE.--To prevent loss or mistake of Luggage.--Passengers are requested +to keep charge of their small Packages, by placing them under their seats +instead of on the roof of the coach.--The weight allowed to each +passenger is 60 lbs., beyond which a charge will be made at the rate of +3s. per cwt. + + +LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO WIGAN. + + +By 1st Class Train, 7 a.m.--2nd Class Trains, 10, 12, a.m., 5.5 p.m. + +SUNDAYS.--By the Second Class Trains, 7 a.m., and 5.5 p.m. + +FARES.--From Liverpool or Manchester, 1st. Class. 5s.; 2nd Class 3s. 6d. + + +LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO BOLTON. + + +By 1st Class Train, 9 a.m.--2nd Class Trains, 7.25, 12 a.m., 5.5 p.m. + +SUNDAYS.--By the Second Class Trains, 7 a.m., 5.5 p.m. + +FARES.--From Liverpool, Inside, 5s. 6d., Outside, 4s.; and from +,, Manchester, ,, 2s. 6d. ,, and 2s. + + +LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO ST. HELEN'S. + + +By the Second Class Trains, 7.25, 10, 12, a.m.; 3, and 5.5, p.m. + +SUNDAYS.--By the Second Class Trains, 7, a.m., and 5.5, p.m. + +FARES.--From Liverpool--Inside, 2s. 6d. Outside, 2s.; and from +Manchester, 3s. 6d. and 2s. 6d. + + +LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO RUNCORN GAP. + + +By the Second Class Trains, 7.25, am., and 3, p.m. + +SUNDAYS.--By the Second Class Trains, 7, a.m., and 5.5, p.m. + +FARES.--From Liverpool--Inside, 3s. Outside, 2s. 6d.; and from +Manchester, 4s. and 3s. + + +INNS. + + +Adelphi Hotel, Ranelagh-street; Albion, Ranelagh-street; Angel, +Dale-street; Blue Bell, London Road; Bull, Clayton Square; Commercial, +Dale-street; Castle Hotel, Clayton Square; Feathers, Clayton Square; +George Inn, Dale-street; Grecian Hotel, Dale-street; King William, +Williamson Square; King's Arms, Castle-street; Neptune, Clayton Square; +Royal, Dale-street; Saracen's Head Inn, Dale-street; Star and Garter +Tavern, Paradise-street; Union Hotel, Clayton Square; Waterloo, +Ranelagh-street; Wellington, Dale-street; York, Williamson Square. + + +FOREIGN PACKETS. + + +NEW YORK, on the 1st and 16th of every month, Baring Brothers and Co.; +8th, Thomas and Joseph Sands and Co.; 16th, W. and J. Brown and Co.; and +24th, Wildes, Pickersgill, and Co. + +BOSTON, on the 5th and 20th of each month during the spring and fall of +the year, at other times occasionally, Maury, Latham and Co., and Baring +Brothers and Co. + +PHILADELPHIA, on the 8th of every month, and at stated periods, W. and J. +Brown and Co. + +CALCUTTA direct, the 20th of each month, W. and J. Tyrer, Old Churchyard. + +RIO DE JANEIRO, on the 1st and 16th of every month, W. and J. Tyrer; J. +Holliwell; and Ashley Brothers. + +LISBON, on the let of every month, J. Bibby and Co., Duke's Place; on the +10th of every month, Vianna and Jones; and on the 20th of every month, +Cotesworth and Smith. + +GENOA and LEGHORN, on the 1st of every month, J. Bibby and Co., Duke's +Place; and on the 16th, Vianna and Jones, Chapel-street. + +GENOA and LEGHORN, a conveyance once a month, John Rothwell, 2, +Liver-court, South Castle-street. + +MESSINO and PALERMO, once a month, John Rothwell, 2, Liver-court, South +Castle-street. + +BAHIA.--A regular line of Packets sails at periods, as stated in the +newspapers, Cotesworth and Smith; W. and J. Tyrer; John Holliwell; Kers, +Imrie and Co., and R. Tanton. + +OPORTO, every three weeks, Geo. Highfield, Oldhall-street; Thos. Martin, +Salthouse Dock; Ormerod, Heyworth, and Co., Water-street; J. Bibby and +Co. + +MONTE VIDEO and BUENOS AYRES.--Line of Packets to sail at stated periods, +which are duly announced through the newspapers, W. and J. Tyrer, and +Ashley Brothers. + +HAVANNAH, on the 5th of every month punctually. Ashley Brothers. + +PERNAMBUCO.--A line of Packets sails at periods which are duly announced +through the newspapers, Cotesworth and Smith; W. and J. Tyrer; John +Holliwell; Kers, Imrie and Co.; R. Tanton, and Geo. Highfield. + +WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA.--Valparaiso every six weeks; Arica, Islay, +and Lima, every four months; Lima direct every twelve weeks, W. and J. +Tyrer; Ashley Brothers; and James Aikin. + +ST. THOMAS.--Line of Packets to sail at stated periods, which are +announced through the newspapers, Kers, Imrie, and Tomlinson. + + +STEAM NAVIGATION. +ON THE RIVER. + + +EASTHAM.--The William Stanley, Sir Thomas Stanley, and Lady Stanley, five +times a day.--Dodd's Chester and Eastham Packet House, 32, James-street. + +RUNCORN and WESTERN POINT, a steam packet every day. Office, No. 19, +Mann's Island. + +RUNCORN.--The Old Quay or Mersey and Irwell Navigation Company now +conduct their vessels to and from Runcorn by steam power, and speed +vessels are sent daily to and from Manchester, without stoppage, with +goods requiring despatch. Agent, William Guyton, Manchester Dock. + +To ROCK FERRY, BIRKENHEAD, MONK'S FERRY, and WOODSIDE, packets are plying +every half hour from George's Dock, Pierhead; to SEACOMBE, from the south +end of the Prince's Parade; and to EGREMONT FERRY and NEW BRIGHTON, from +the Pierhead, north of George's Dock Basin. + + +IRELAND, &c. + + +ARDGLASS and STRANGFORD LOUGH.--The Victoria, every Tuesday. Crozier and +Co., Agents, 13, Goree Piazzas. + +BELFAST. The City of Dublin Steam Packet Company sail a vessel every +Wednesday. John M'Cammon, 27, Water-street. + +BELFAST.--The Falcon and Corsair, every Monday and Friday. Lanktrys and +Co., 30, Water-street. + +CORK, &c.--The St. George Steam Packet Company's Packets sail regularly +to Cork, Waterford, Dundalk, Newry, and Beaumaris; and between Dublin and +Glasgow; Dublin and Bristol; Dublin and Cork; Cork and Bristol; London, +Portsmouth, Plymouth, Falmouth, and Cork; London and Exeter; London and +Boston; London and Stockton; Hull and Leith; Hull and Hamburgh; Hull and +Rotterdam; and Lubeck and Stockholm. J. R. Pim, Agent, 21, Water-street, +and Clarence Dock. + +CORK.--The John M'Adam, every Thursday. J. A. and R. Forshaw, 6, Goree +Piazzas. + +DROGHEDA.--The Green Isle, Town of Drogheda, Fair Trader, Irishman, and +Grana Uile, sail four times a week. W. Splaine, 20, Water-street. + +DUBLIN.--Her Majesty's packets sail every afternoon, at five o'clock, +(without reference to the time of high water,) with the mail and +passengers. Captain Chappell, R. N., Agent, 33, Water-street. + +DUBLIN.--The City of Dublin Steam Packet Company's vessels, the Hibernia, +City of Dublin, Shamrock, Commerce, Britannia, Liffey, Leeds, Birmingham, +Mersey, Nottingham, Ballinasloe, Kingstown, Huskisson, City of Limerick, +Athlone, Duchess of Kent, Queen Victoria, Royal William, and Royal +Adelaide, sail daily. Samuel Perry, 27, Water-street. + +LONDONDERRY.--The Isabella Napier sails every Tuesday, and the Robert +Napier every Friday. J. R. Pim, Agent, 21, Water-street. + +NEWRY.--George the Fourth. J. R. Pim, Agent, 21, Water-st. + +PORT RUSH and LARNE.--The Coleraine, every Saturday. J. A. and R. +Forshaw, 6, Goree Piazzas. + + +TO THE ISLE OF MAN, SCOTLAND, &c. + + +DOUGLAS.--The Queen of the Isle and the Mona's Isle sail daily during the +summer, and twice a week in the winter, with the mail, goods, and +passengers. Moore and Christian, Agents, 23, Redcross-street. + +DOUGLAS.--The Monarch sails three times a week during the summer. T. +Blackburn, 9, Dale-street. + +GLASGOW.--The Unicorn, Eagle, Manchester, and Ailsa Craig sail three +times a week, with goods and passengers. Martin and Co., 34, +Water-street. + +GLASGOW direct.--The Vulcan, City of Glasgow, and Commodore, sail each +once a week. David M'Iver and Co., 34, Water-street. + +DUMFRIES and WHITEHAVEN.--The Nithsdale, once a week, Robert Sproat, 20, +Water-street. + + +NORTH WALES. + + +The Air, with goods and passengers, for Beaumaris, Bangor, and Carnarvon. +J. R. Pim, Agent, 21, Water-street, and Clarence Dock. + +The Countess of Glasgow sails from George's Dock, Pierhead, for Rhyl, +Voryd, Abergele, &c., every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. Joseph +Humphries, 33, Water-street. + +The St. Mungo and Snowdon, every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, for +Rhyl, Rhydland, and Abergele. St. Mungo's Office, 23, Water-street; +Snowdon's Office, 33, Water-street. + +The Conway Castle, every Wednesday and Saturday, during the winter +months, for Conway. J. T. Raines and Co., 19, James-street. + + +COASTWISE. + + +CARLISLE and ANNAN.--The Newcastle sails every Tuesday and Thursday. H. +Halton, 21, Water-street. + +CARLISLE and ANNAN.--The City of Carlisle and Royal Victoria three times +a week. J. D. Thomson, Agent, 13, Water-street. + +LANCASTER.--The John O'Gaunt. John Hadwen, Atherton's Buildings, +Dale-street. + +WHITEHAVEN.--Steam packets sail three times a week during the summer +months, and twice a week during the winter months, with passengers and +goods. W. Dowson, Agent, 8, Goree Piazzas. + +WORKINGTON and MARYPORT.--The Union sails once a week during the winter, +and twice a week during the summer months. J. D. Thomson, Agent, 13, +Water-street. + + +POST OFFICE. + + +DELIVERY OF LETTERS.--The First Delivery commences at 8 a.m., and the +Office continues open till the arrival of the London Mail, (per Grand +Junction Railway,) 10.55 a.m. The letters comprised in this delivery are +those of the over-night Birmingham Mail (with a bag from Manchester and a +foreign bag from London); the Holyhead and Carlisle Mails (with bags from +Edinburgh and Glasgow); and the Dublin Packet. + +2nd DELIVERY--Commences about 9 a.m., with the first Manchester Mail per +Railway; bringing also bags from Rochdale, Halifax, Bradford, Leeds, and +York. + +3rd DELIVERY--Commences about 10.45 a.m., and includes the letters by the +2nd Manchester Mail per Railway, with a bag from Newton. + +4th DELIVERY--Commences about 12 noon, (and continues until about 3.40 +p.m.,) in which are included bags from Birmingham, Walsall, +Wolverhampton, Penkridge, Stafford, Newcastle, Nantwich, Middlewich, +Northwich, Preston Brook, Warrington, Eccleshall, Stone, Towcester, +Northampton, London, Bristol, Exeter, Falmouth; and the letters from +Portugal, North and South America, and the West Indies, are also included +in this delivery. + +5th DELIVERY--Commences about .25 past 1, p.m., and includes the letters +brought by the Bristol Mail. + +6th DELIVERY--Commences about 4 p.m., and includes letters brought by the +3rd Manchester Mail, per Railway. + +7th DELIVERY--Commences about 4.50 p.m., and includes bags from +Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Stafford, Warrington, Prescot. + +8th DELIVERY--Commences ten minutes past 6 p.m., with the letters by the +Lancaster Mail, from Ormskirk and Maghull. + +9th DELIVERY--Commences at .25 past 7, p.m. It includes the letters of +the 4th Manchester Mail, per Railway, with Bags from York and Leeds. + +10th DELIVERY--Commences about 7.30 p.m. and includes bags from +Birmingham, Walsall, Wolverhampton, Penkridge, Stafford, Newcastle, +Nantwich, Middlewich, Northwich, Preston Brook, Warrington, and Prescot. + +_The Delivery closes finally at 9 p.m._; _on Sundays at 8 p.m._ + +There are Three Deliveries within the Town by Letter Carriers, every day +(except Sunday); the first delivery to commence about 8, a.m.; the second +about 12; the third about 5, p.m. On Sundays, only the first, at 8, a.m. + +When any delay occurs in the arrival of the Mails, a corresponding delay +will, of course, occur in the delivery. + +The office is closed on Sundays from 9, a.m., until 1.30, p.m., and +finally at 8, p.m. + + +DESPATCH OF LETTERS. + + +The following are the hours at which the letter-box is closed for making +up the several Mails, and at which each mail is despatched:-- + + Box closes at Despatched at + H. M. H. M. +FIRST GRAND JUNCTION.--Bags made 6.0 a.m. 6.20 a.m. +up for Warrington, Preston-Brook, +Northwich, Middlewich, Nantwich, +Congleton, Market Drayton, +Stafford, Penkridge, +Wolverhampton, Walsall, and +Birmingham; and on Tuesdays and +Fridays a Foreign Bag to London. +The postage of Foreign Letters +can be paid from 5.30 to 6 a.m., +and up to 9 o'clock the previous +evening. +FIRST MANCHESTER MAIL.--Bags for 6.30 a.m. 6.50 a.m. +Manchester, Bolton, Rochdale, +Leeds, and York. +CHESTER MAIL.--For Neston, 7.30 a.m. 8.05 a.m. +Parkgate, and Chester. +LANCASTER MAIL.--For Maghull, 8.0 a.m. 8.15 a.m. +Ormskirk and Southport. +SECOND MANCHESTER MAIL.--A bag 8.30 a.m. 8.50 a.m. +for Prescot, and (per Railway to +Newton) bags for Newton, Wigan, +Chorley, Preston, Lancaster, +Carlisle, Glasgow, Edinburgh, and +Manchester. +SECOND GRAND JUNCTION.--Bags for 11.0 a.m. 11.20 a.m. +Warrington, Stafford, +Wolverhampton, and Birmingham. +THIRD MANCHESTER 11.30 a.m. 11.50 a.m. +MAIL.--Blackburn, Colne, Bury, +and Manchester. +PENNY POSTS.--For Birkenhead, 11.0 a.m. 12.45 p.m. +Upton, Seacombe, New Brighton, +Crosby, Bootle, Walton, West +Derby, Old Swan, Woolton, and +Wavertree. +FOURTH MANCHESTER 1.30 p.m. 1.50 p.m. +MAIL.--Manchester. +THIRD GRAND JUNCTION.--Bags for 1.45 p.m. 3.20 p.m. +Prescot, Warrington, +Preston-Brook, Northwich, +Middlewich, Nantwich, Newcastle, +Eccleshall, Stone, Stafford, +Penkridge, Wolverhampton, +Walsall, Birmingham, Towcester, +Northampton, London, and Bristol; +and letters for Portugal, North +and South America, and the West +Indies. The letters for London +sent by this despatch will be +included in the first delivery +there the following morning. +CARLISLE MAIL.--For Ormskirk, 4.0 p.m. 4.30 p.m. +Preston, Chorley, Bury, +Blackburn, Haslingden, Lancaster, +Westmoreland, Cumberland, and all +Scotland. +FIFTH MANCHESTER AND THE YORK 4.0 p.m. 4.50 p.m. +MAILS.--For Manchester, Rochdale, +and the Counties of York, +Lincoln, and Durham (per +Railway). +BRISTOL MAIL.--Chester, South 4.0 p.m. 5.0 p.m. +Wales, and Bristol. +DUBLIN MAIL PACKET.--For Ireland. 4.30 p.m. 5.0 p.m. +BOLTON MAIL.--For Bolton. 4.30 p.m. 5.0 p.m. +HOLYHEAD MAIL.--For Birkenhead, 6.30 p.m. 6.0 p.m. +New Ferry, Eastham, Chester, +North Wales. +FOURTH GRAND JUNCTION.--Bags for 6.0 p.m. 6.20 p.m. +Manchester, Warrington, Stafford, +Wolverhampton, Birmingham, and +London. The letters for London +sent by this despatch will be +delivered there about 11 a.m. + +INDIA.--Letters to and from the East Indies are regularly forwarded by +ships. The postage must be paid when posted. + +The Rate outward is two-pence per package under three ounces, and one +shilling per ounce above that weight. + +Letters conveyed outward in sealed bags, are charged with 8d., _single_, +if sent by ship from the port at which they are posted; but if sent from +any inland town, or to another port, 1s., which must be paid when posted. + +FOREIGN LETTERS.--No letters for Foreign parts, except British America, +the British West India Islands, and France, can be forwarded, unless +postage be first paid; in default, they are sent to the General Post +Office, London, opened, and returned back to the writers. + + +FOREIGN POST DAYS, at 3.20 P.M. + + +For Demerara, Jamaica, and the Leeward Islands, 1st and 15th day in every +month; North America and the Bahamas, the first Wednesday in every month. + +For Carthagena, Mexico, Cuba, Honduras, and Havannah, 15th of every +month. + +For Portugal, every Friday. + +For South America, La Guara, Madeira, Gibraltar, and the Mediterranean, +the first day of every month. + + +HACKNEY COACH FARES, + + +_Which include a reasonable quantity of Luggage_. + + s. d. +Not exceeding 1,000 yards 1 0 +Exceeding 1,000 yards, and not exceeding 1,700 1 6 +And for each 700 yards, or any intermediate distance 0 6 + + CAR FARES.--Two thirds of the above Fares. + +N.B.--Carriages with two horses and two wheels, or one horse and two +wheels, or one horse and four wheels, are considered cars. If a coach or +car be detained above ten minutes, to be allowed 6d. for every ten +minutes detained. + + s. d. +Coach hired by the day 18 0 +Ditto by the hour, first hour 2 6 +Ditto, and for every subsequent hour 1 6 +Car hired by the day 12 0 +Ditto by the hour, first hour 1 6 +Ditto, for every subsequent hour 1 0 + +Double fares to be paid after Twelve o'clock at night, except on public +ball nights; then at such public balls, One o'clock. + +The driver has the option to be paid either time or distance. + + +BANKERS. + + _Liverpool Bankers_. _Correspondents in London_. +Moss and Co., Dale-street. Barclay and Co. +A. Heywood, Sons and Co., Denison and Co. +Brunswick-street. +Leyland and Co., 7, King-street. Masterman and Co. +Central Bank of England, 12, Esdaile and Co. +Temple-street. +Borough Bank, Water-street. Glyn and Co. +Manchester and Liverpool District Smith, Payne, and Smith. +Banking Co., 43, Castle-street. +I. Barned and Co., Lord-street. Sir C. Price, Marryatt & Co. and + Bult, Son, and Co. +Liverpool Commercial Bank, Williams, Deacon, and Co. +High-street. +Bank of Liverpool, Water-street. Glyn and Co. +Branch Bank of England, 55, Bank of England. +Hanover-street. +Phoenix Bank, Dale-street. Grote, Prescott, and Co. +Commercial Bank of England, Barnet, Hoare, and Co. +Water-street. +Liverpool United Trades' Bank, Currie, Raikes, and Co., 29, +South Castle-street. Cornhill. +Albion Bank, North John-street. Grote, Prescott, and Co. +Union Bank, Water-street. Cunliffes and Co. +North and South Wales Bank. Robarts and Co. +Royal Bank, Water-street. Robarts and Co. + +LIST OF NEWSPAPERS. + + +Monday--ALBION--Whig. + + ,, --ADVERTISER--Commercial. + +Tuesday--LIVERPOOL STANDARD--Conservative. + + ,, --MAIL--Conservative. + + ,, --TIMES--Whig. + +Wednesday--COURIER--Conservative. + + ,, --TELEGRAPH--Whig. + +Thursday--GORE'S GENERAL ADVERTISER--Commercial. + + ,, --LIVERPOOL MAIL--Conservative. + +Friday--MERCURY--Radical. + + ,, --STANDARD--Conservative. + +Saturday--MAIL--Conservative. + + ,, --CHRONICLE--Whig. + + ,, --JOURNAL--Radical. + + + +MANCHESTER. + + +MANUFACTORIES. + + +The great centre of the cotton manufacture, Manchester, will be an object +of curiosity to the stranger on this account; and he will naturally be +desirous to view some of the processes and the operations of those mighty +agents, steam and machinery, which have added so much to the real wealth +and glory of England. + +With suitable introductions, the inquiring visiter may visit the +following establishments, where he cannot fail to be astonished at the +vast scale on which the staple manufactures are conducted; and the +remarkable order, arrangement, and cleanliness maintained through all +their departments. The immense spinning mills of Messrs. McConnel & Co., +Henry-street, Ancoats, will furnish to the visiter an inspection of the +various processes to which the raw cotton is subjected in the course of +its manufacture into twist, or thread for weaving. + +In the large manufactory of the Oxford-road twist company, in +Oxford-road, he would see the processes of weaving by means of the steam +loom. + +In the patent card manufactory of Mr. J. C. Dyer, Stone-street, +London-road, he would observe the very curious mode of manufacturing the +cards used for teasing or carding the cotton; and in the large +establishments of Messrs. Sharp, Roberts, & Co., machinists and +engineers, Faulkner-street, he would see the various manufactures of +steam engines, both stationary and locomotive, boilers, steam looms, and +every other piece of machinery required for manufacturing purposes in +this part of the kingdom. + +In another branch of manufacture, that of silk, which is of growing +importance and extent in Manchester, the visiter would be gratified by an +inspection of the silk mill of Messrs. Royle and Crompton, Great +Bridgewater-street. + + +PUBLIC BUILDINGS, LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. + + +The Exchange and News Room, (now undergoing alteration and extension, for +which end, the Post Office, now at the back of the building, is to be +removed,) is situated at the foot of Market-street. It is a +semi-circular building, with stone front, and the large room contains a +full length portrait of Colonel Stanley, many years member for the +county. + +The Town Hall, in King-street, is a fine structure, founded in 1822; by +application to the porter, the stranger will obtain admittance to the +hall or "large room," which is very handsomely decorated with fresco +paintings, and by rich mouldings, friezes, from the Elgin marbles, &c. + +The Royal Institution in Mosley-street is open twice every year, during +the exhibitions of paintings; one being limited to those of old masters +and deceased artists; the other restricted to those of modern and living +artists. The entrance hall and sculpture gallery are worth notice. +Admission a shilling. + +Nearly adjoining, at the back of the Royal Institution, is the Manchester +Athenaeum, now in process of erection, the members of which at present +occupy the lower wing of the Royal Institution, with an entrance in +Bond-street. The front of the Athenaeum is also in Bond-street, and when +it is finished the two buildings will form a very pleasing proof of the +architectural resources of Mr. Barry, the architect of the two new houses +of parliament + +The Manchester Mechanics' Institution is a spacious brick edifice in +Cooper-street, with large lecture theatre, good library, and commodious +class rooms. To the Athenaeum and the Mechanics' Institution there is no +difficulty of access. + +The Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, one of the oldest +and most celebrated of provincial institutions, having been founded in +1781, has distinguished itself by its annual volumes of published +memoirs, and is now distinguished in the person of its President, the +venerable Dr. Dalton. Its Hall is in George-street, nearly opposite St. +James's Church; but as the sittings of the society are not daily, little +information can be given as to the admission of strangers. Scientific +men would doubtless find no difficulty in obtaining an introduction. + +The Museum and Hall of the Natural History Society, in Peter-street, can +only be entered on presenting an order from a subscriber. The Museum is +very rich in almost every description of natural history; we believe in +ornithology it is particularly so; its collection of British birds is +said to be unequalled, and its entomological department is becoming +exceedingly extensive. + +The Concert Hall, at the top of Lower Mosley-street, is an elegant +building, especially in the interior; having a neat stone front. + +In Mosley-street are the Assembly and Billiard Rooms, with a plain and +somewhat dingy exterior; but the Ball Rooms are spacious and elegant. + +Opposite is the Portico, so called from its large Ionic portico fronting +the street,--a Subscription Library and News Room.--There are two other +Subscription Libraries in the upper floors of the Exchange, and a fourth +in Newall's Buildings, Market street, all of considerable extent. + +In an old low building, (north of the Collegiate Church) to which +entrance is had by a small gate adjoining the Palatine Buildings, Hunt's +Bank, the stranger will find what will amply repay even a hurried and +hasty visit. This building is named the College; in it are educated a +number of boys who, from their dress, are distinguished as the Blue Coat +Boys. In the upper floor of the building is a long corridor, traversing +three sides of the building, two of which are converted into a library, +the books generally being deposited in bays, or enclosed recesses, and +locked up. This library, which contains upwards of 20,000 volumes, was +founded by Humphrey Cheetham, who lived in the 17th century, and is +wholly free; but the books are not to be removed from the place. There +is a spacious reading room at the further extremity of the library, where +the student may take his worm-eaten folio, and seating himself in an old +carved chair, may easily transport himself in fancy, two centuries back; +for the room is of oak, panelled and carved, with old tables, chairs, and +other furniture corresponding to the period; and several old pictures of +the founder and other worthies. In the library, above the books, are +suspended various specimens of stuffed reptiles, and other objects, which +are shown to the visiter by one of the blue coat boys, for a small +gratuity; the chief curiosity in the exhibition being the broad +Lancashire dialect, and strange mode of description, given by the little +showman. + +To the Botanic Garden, Old Trafford, Stretford Road, (to which omnibuses +convey visiters to Market-street,) the admission is by an order from a +member or subscriber; the secretary is Mr. S. E. Cottam, +Brazennose-street. The garden covers 17 acres, and contains in its noble +conservatories, some of the rarest and finest exotics and tropical plants +to be seen in the kingdom. + +The Zoological Gardens are about a mile and a half on the new Bury road, +whither the stranger can be conveyed by omnibus from Market-street. One +shilling procures admission to these gardens, which are as extensive as +those in Surrey, covering 15 acres of ground, and, although of recent +foundation, they already contain many very fine and rare animals, +including a rhinoceros, elephant, lion, tigers, &c., and a very good +collection of hardy plants. + + +PLACES OF WORSHIP. + + +_The Collegiate Church_.--The parish church of Manchester, and generally +called "The Old Church" by the inhabitants, is within a short distance of +the Exchange, at the foot of Market-street, whence the stranger, by +passing through the Market Place and Old Millgate, will find himself at +the principal gateway to the church-yard, which is always open. The +church is a fine old edifice; in the choir are some curious carvings in +wood; the canopies for the stalls show the taste of the artist in +tracery. The altar piece is a relic of the loom,--a faded pictorial +representation on tapestry, of which the colours and forms are now +obscured by the touch of time. There are in the church several enclosed +chapels; amongst others, one of the Earls of Derby. In the south +transept, near the entrance to the registry, is the spot where, for a few +short weeks, rested the remains of the gifted and hapless +Malibran,--since removed to the church of Lacken, near Brussels. Passing +thence to the registry, is a mural monument, in white marble, by +Chantrey. Adjoining the registry is the chapter-house,--the +ecclesiastical government of the parish being vested in a warden, and +four fellows constitute the chapter, and who will probably be appointed +dean and canons, when the see of Manchester is erected. The parish of +Manchester is of great extent, including upwards of thirty townships. + +Of the other churches in the town our limits admit but of a brief notice. + +_St. Ann's_, in St. Ann's Square, is an example of the anomalies of some +ancient parishes,--it forms, with its grave-yard, a parish of itself; +and, we believe, though standing in the very heart of Manchester, it +counts but one house in its parish. + +_St. Mary's_, in St. Mary's Street, Deansgate, has a very fine spire, +surmounted by a ball. This was the scene of a feat of one of the +Woottons, the steeple climbers, who, by some simple apparatus, as ropes, +climbed up the giddy height, and removed the old ball and cross, which +had been damaged by lightning. + +_St. Paul's_, in Turner-street, has no architectural pretensions, or +other claims to special notice. + +_St. John's_, St. John's Street, Deansgate, is a plain, brick edifice, +once the scene of the pastoral labours of the Rev. John Clowes, a +disciple of Emanuel Swedenborg. + +_St. James's_, St. James's Street, is a brick building. + +_St. Peter's_, at the foot of Mosley-street, a handsome stone edifice, +resembling a Grecian temple. + +_St. Michael's_, Angel-street, _St. Clement's_, Lever-street, and _St. +George's_, St. George's Road, have little to tempt the stranger to visit +them, for their external appearance. + +_St. Matthew's_, Camp Field, is a very handsome stone structure, in the +English style of architecture, erected in 1825; and the large area in +front gives the spectator room to see its form and proportions, unimpeded +by surrounding houses. + +_St. Andrew's_, Travis-street, London-road, is a neat Gothic structure of +stone, built in 1831. + +_All Saints'_, in Grosvenor-square, Chorlton-on-Medlock, was erected in +1820: it is a stone building, standing in the midst of an enclosure, in +the centre of the Square. + +_St. Saviour's_, Plymouth Grove, Chorlton-on-Medlock, is a stone edifice, +which is intended to receive a tower at some future period. + +In Salford, _Trinity Chapel_, Chapel-street, and _St. Stephen's_, St. +Stephen's Street, have little to interest the stranger. + +_St. Phillip's_, near the Adelphi, is a stone edifice, with a +semi-circular colonnade in front, and a circular tower and dome of +slender proportions, which have been compared to a pepper-box. + +_Christ's Church_, Acton-square, beyond the Crescent, Salford, is of +stone. Its minister, the Rev. Hugh Stowell, M.A., is one of the most +popular preachers in the town. Not a mile beyond this, is Pendleton +church,--a neat Gothic structure of stone, which from its position, is a +pleasing object from many points of view for miles round. + +_St. George's_, Hulme, is a specimen of the florid Gothic in some of its +architectural decorations. + +_St. Luke's_, Cheetham Hill, now in progress of erection, the first stone +being laid in June, 1836, is another Gothic edifice, of some pretensions. + +Amongst the dissenting chapels and meeting houses, those of the +Methodists and Independents are the most prominent for their numbers and +size. The Wesleyan Methodists have about a dozen; of which, the +principal are the chapels in Oldham-street, Grosvenor-street +(Chorlton-on-Medlock); and in Irwell-street, and Gravel-lane, Salford. +The New Connexion Methodists have two; the Primitive Methodists, four; +the Independent Methodists, two; and the Methodist Association, (the +seceders under Dr. Warren,) five or six chapels in the town and suburbs. + +The Independents have seven or eight large chapels; the principal ones +are, that in Mosley-street, the scene of the late Rev. Dr. McAll's +ministerial labours; that in Grosvenor-street, in which the late Rev. Mr. +Roby once ministered; and one in Rusholme-road,--the last being the only +one of handsome exterior. + +The Particular Baptists have three chapels; the Society of Friends, a +very large, neat building, with stone front, in Dickenson-street; the +Scotch Church is a neat stone edifice, opposite St. Peter's Church, St. +Peter's Square; the Scotch Presbyterian, or Secession Church, in +Lloyd-street and Mount-street, is a plain brick building. + +The Unitarians have four chapels; that in Cross-street, a large brick +building, was destroyed by a mob, in what were called the "Sacheverel +riots," and parliament voted 1,500 towards its re-erection. There is a +small chapel in Salford, in Dawson's Croft, Greengate; a large and very +handsome stone-fronted edifice in Bridge-street, Strangeways; and a +beautiful and spacious structure, one of the purest specimens of the +English style of architecture in the town, nearly completed, in Upper +Brook-street, Chorlton-on-Medlock, for the congregation formerly +worshipping in the Mosley-street chapel. + +The Swedenborgians have two chapels; one in Peter-street, Manchester, the +other in Bolton-street, Salford. There are seven chapels for the Welsh, +of different denominations; three, severally called "Christ Church," for +particular denominations of Dissenters; and the Jews have a synagogue in +Halliwell-street. + + +PLACES OF PUBLIC AMUSEMENT. + +Royal Theatre, Fountain-street. +Queen's Theatre, York-street. +Assembly Rooms, Mosley-street. +Club House, Mosley-street. +Concert Hall, Lower Mosley-street. +Albion Club House, King-street. +Billiard Room Mosley-street. + +BATHS. + + +Public Baths, situate at the entrance of the Infirmary Walks. + +Adelphi Swimming Baths, Reservoir Terrace, Salford. + +Dolphin Cold Baths, Horrock Red Bank. + +Medicated Vapour Bath, No. 1, Lloyd-street. + +Whitlow's Vapour Baths, 35, George street. + + +CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. + + +Manchester Royal Infirmary, Dispensaries, and Lunatic Asylum, Piccadilly; +Salford, and Pendleton Dispensary, 19, Bank Parade. + +House of Recovery, Aytown-street. + +Lying-in Hospital, Stanley-street, Salford. + +Sick Hospital, 16, Bond-street. + +Female Penitentiary, Rusholme-road. + +Institution for curing Diseases in the Eye, 35, Faulkner-street. + +The Humane Society's Receiving Houses are four in number, viz., Lying-in +Hospital, Stanley-street; the Ardwick and Ancoats Dispensary; the +Lying-in Hospital, Salford; and the Salford and Pendleton Dispensary. + +The Chorlton-on-Medlock Dispensary. + +The Workhouse, Strangeways. + +The Vagrant Office, ditto. + +The Salford Workhouse, Green Gate. + +The Pendleton Workhouse, Ford Lane. + +Manchester and Salford District Provident Society, Office, 11, St. +James's Square. + +Besides the above, there are various sums bequeathed for purposes of +charity, amounting to the annual income of upwards of 5,000. + + +RAILROAD. + + +For time of Trains starting, &c., see page 118. + + +HOTELS, COACHES, AND COACH OFFICES. + + +Buck and Hawthorn, St. Anne-street; Buck, Hanging Ditch; + +Bush Inn, Deans-gate; Eagle Inn, Market-street; Golden Lion, Deans-gate; +Hare and Hounds, Shude Hill; Lower Turk's Head, ditto; + +Mosley Arms, Piccadilly; Ditto, Shude Hill; New Boar's Head, Hyde's +Cross; Old Boar's Head, ditto; Palace Inn, Market-street; Peacock, ditto; +Royal Hotel, corner of Mosely-street (the Mails start from here); Swan +Inn, Market-street; Swan, Whitley Grove; Talbot, Market-street; White +Swan, Shude Hill; Commercial, Market-street. + + +POST OFFICE. + + +_The following are the intended Arrivals and Departures of the principal +Mails at this Office_, _from the 6th of July_, 1837. + + ARRIVAL. DEPARTURE. + H. M. H. M. +_London_ 10 45 A.M. 3 15 P.M.-- + Principal + London + Mail. + 11 45 P.M. with 6 15 P.M.--For + Foreign a second + Letters Delivery + for the in + first London. + Morning + Delivery + 6 15 A.M.--for + Foreign + Letters + on + Tuesdays + and + Fridays. +_Bristol_ 10 45 A.M. 3 15 P.M. +_Birmingham_ 10 45 A.M. 6 15 A.M. + 4 15 P.M. 11 15 A.M. + 7 15 P.M. 3 15 P.M. + 11 45 P.M. 6 15 P.M. +_Edinburgh_ 5 25 A.M. 8 45 A.M. + +_Glasgow_ 3 40 P.M. 4 15 P.M. + +_Carlisle_ + +_Preston_ +_Liverpool_ 8 35 A.M. 6 50 A.M. + + 10 35 A.M. 8 45 A.M. + + 2 10 P.M. 1 50 P.M. + + 3 35 P.M. 4 50 P.M. + + 6 35 P.M. +_Ireland_ 8 40 A.M. 2 15 P.M. + + or or or + + 10 40 A.M. + + According + to the + arrival + of + Packets. +_Leeds_ 5 45 A.M. 9 0 A.M. +_York_ 3 25 P.M. 8 0 P.M. +_Derby_ 3 45 P.M. 9 0 A.M. + +_Nottingham_ + +_Leicester_ + + By +_Buxton_. + Ditto 3 45 P.M. 6 15 P.M. + + By +_Birmingham_ + +GENERAL DELIVERIES AT THE OFFICE. + + +The first, at eight until half-past eight in the morning, includes +Letters from London, Liverpool, Stafford, Wolverhampton, Birmingham, +Market Drayton, Warrington, Frodsham, Derby, Middleton, Bolton, +Stockport, and Macclesfield, the greatest part of Yorkshire, Lancashire, +Cambridgeshire, Herefordshire, Norfolk, Northumberland, Sunderland, and +Durham. + +The second, at nine until a quarter before twelve in the morning, First +Liverpool, (per Railway,) includes Letters from Chester, the counties of +Shropshire, Hereford, Leominster, part of North Wales, and all Ireland, +Bolton, Blackburn, Bury, Burnley, Colne, Oldham, all Saddleworth, +Ashton-under-Line, Audenshaw, Stalybridge, Hyde, Denton, Gee Cross, and +Gorton. + +The third, at eleven until a quarter to twelve in the morning, Second +Liverpool, (per Railway,) Preston, Newton-in-the-Willows, Eccles and +Kenyon. + +The fourth, at twelve at noon, until half-past three in the afternoon, +includes Letters from London, Bristol, Falmouth, the counties of +Berkshire, Essex, Kent, Hants, Sussex, and Suffolk; part of North Wales, +Cornwall, Devonshire, Somersetshire, Oxfordshire, Warwickshire, +Northamptonshire, Bedfordshire, Cheshire, and all the West of England; +Walsall, Wolverhampton; Stafford, Stone, Shiffnall, Chester, Newcastle, +Lawton, Northwich, Knutsford, Middlewich, Nantwich, Preston-Brook, +Runcorn, Warrington, Frodsham, Penkridge, Eccleshall, Towcester, +Northampton, Altringham, Didsbury, Cheadle, and Wilmslow. + +The fifth, at half-past two until half-past three in the afternoon, Third +Liverpool, (per Railway,) and Leigh. + +The sixth, at a quarter-past four in the afternoon until nine at night, +includes Letters from York, Wetherby, Leeds, Bradford, Huddersfield, +Halifax, Rochdale; parts of Suffolk, Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, and +Scotland, Derby, Ashbourn, Leek, Macclesfield, and Stockport; the +counties of Bedford, Hertford, Leicester, and Northampton; Disley, +Buxton, Bakewell, Matlock, Belper, Sheffield, &c.; Fourth Liverpool, (per +Railway,) Carlisle, the whole of Scotland, the counties of Westmoreland +and Cumberland, Ulverston, Lancaster, Preston, &c. + +The seventh, at half-past seven until nine at night, Fifth Liverpool, +(per Railway,) includes Letters from Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Stafford, +Walsall, Shiffnall, Chester, Newcastle, Lawton, Middlewich, Northwich, +Warrington, Frodsham, Preston-brook, Runcorn, Penkridge, Knutsford, +Congleton, Stockport, Bolton, and Rochdale. + +There are three deliveries by the carriers for the towns of Manchester +and Salford, daily, at 8 30, a.m., at 12 30, p.m., and 5, p.m., except on +Sundays, when there is only a morning delivery. The deliveries, of +course, must be delayed, if any irregularity in the arrival of the Mails. +The letter carriers are at the office from 7 to 8 30, a.m., from 12 to 12 +30, p.m., and from 4 to 5, p.m.; but no letters can be delivered by them +at the office, except to persons who have not been found when on their +rounds. + +The Office continues open for strangers from 8 in the morning until 10 at +night. On Sundays, the office is closed from half-past 10 till half-past +12, and from 3 till 5. + + +HACKNEY COACH FARES. + + DAY FARES. One Horse Two Horse + Coach Coach +_These Fares are to be taken_, _either +for time or distance_, _at the option +of the driver_. + s. d. s. d. +Any distance not exceeding two thirds 1 0 1 0 +of a mile, or 1172 yards. +Any distance exceeding two thirds of a 1 0 1 6 +mile, and not exceeding 1 mile, or 1760 +yards +And for every succeeding third of a 0 4 0 6 +mile, or 586 yards +If for time, then for any time not 1 0 1 0 +exceeding a quarter of an hour +For every succeeding quarter of an hour 0 4 0 6 +For every stoppage to take up more than 0 4 0 6 +once, and to set down more than twice, +an additional +For every quarter of an hour waiting 0 4 0 6 +after being called + + * * * * * + + FARES FROM ST. ANN'S SQUARE. One Horse Two Horse + Coach Coach + s. d. s. d. +_Stockport Road_--26 yards past 1 0 1 0 +Lees-street (left) + -- 50 yards past Travis-street 1 0 1 6 +(right) +_Cheetham Hill_--opposite further side 1 0 1 0 +Johnson-st. + -- 83 yards short of lane on left, 1 0 1 6 +near first mile stone +_Oldham Road_--27.6 yards past 1 0 1 0 +Warwick-st. (left) + -- 18 yards past German-st. (right) 1 0 1 6 +_Stretford Road_--23.5 yds. past 1 0 1 0 +Gaythorn-st. (right) + -- 31 yards short of Branch to New 1 0 1 6 +Eccles Road +_Broughton Road_--2 yards past end of 1 0 1 0 +Paradise-row + -- 3 yards short of first corner of 1 0 1 6 +Broughton Bridge +_Bury New Road_--6.5 yards past door of 1 0 1 0 +Whitster's Arms + -- 14 yards short of line of 1 0 1 6 +building belonging to Mrs. Lomas +_Pendleton Road_--45.5 yards short of 1 0 1 0 +Irwell-street + -- 4 yds. short of Black Horse door 1 0 1 6 +_New Eccles or Regent Road_--32.3 yds. 1 0 1 0 +past Collier-street, Liverpool-road + -- opposite end of New Quay Co.'s 1 0 1 6 +yard + + * * * * * + + FARES FROM PICCADILLY. One Horse Two Horse + Coach Coach + s. d. s. d. +_Stockport Road_--23 yards beyond 1 0 1 0 +Russel-street + -- 52 yards short of centre of new 1 0 1 6 +Sheffield-road +_Cheetham Hill_--7.3 yds. short of toll 1 0 1 0 +bar on bridge + -- 37 yds. beyond York-place on left 1 0 1 6 +_Oldham Road_--3.3 yards beyond 1 0 1 0 +Arundel-street + -- 10 yds. beyond Hall's Place on 1 0 1 6 +right +_Stretford Road_--7.3 yards past 1 0 1 0 +Briton's Protection Inn, +Bridgewater-street + -- 11.5 yards past end of factory 1 0 1 6 +next river Medlock on left +_Broughton Road_--25.3 yards beyond 1 0 1 0 +Bell's Gates, Salford + -- 39 yds. short of Green Bk. 1 0 1 6 +Terrace +_Bury New Road_--2.3 yards beyond 1 0 1 0 +Backhouse and Hyde's distillery + -- 52 yards past Nightingale-street 1 0 1 6 +_Pendleton Road_--Opposite 1st corner 1 0 1 0 +of Walker's timber yard gates + --3.5 yards past Smith-st., Salford 1 0 1 6 + +Every person calling a coach, and not employing it to such call, shall +pay such sum as would have been due for carrying a fare from the stand to +the place where the driver was called to. + +Carriages drawn by one horse to carry not exceeding four persons besides +the driver; and in carriages drawn by two horses, for every person above +four in addition to the driver, one fourth of the whole fare. + +The above fares shall be deemed a sufficient compensation for any +reasonable luggage which the passengers may think fit to take. + +When the fares for any carriage with two horses shall amount to four +shillings or upwards, or any carriage with one horse, three shillings or +upwards, it shall be at the option of the hirer to detain such carriage, +to return in the same, on payment of half fare, provided it be not +detained more than twenty minutes, and for which detention no additional +sum shall be demanded. + +NIGHT FARES.--After 12 o'clock at night, or before 6 o'clock in the +morning, double the above fares are to be allowed; but when double fare +for distance is charged, single fare for waiting only to be allowed; or +if double fare for waiting is charged, only single fare for distance. + + [_Time of standing_, _from nine_, _morning_, _to twelve_, _night_.] + +_Piccadilly Stand_.--3 pair-horse, 20 one-horse coaches. + +_St. Ann's Square_.--2 pair-horse, 15 one-horse coaches. + +_Railway Station and St. Peter's Square_.--2 pair-horse, and 7 one-horse +coaches, may stand at either of these places: they usually ply in +Liverpool Road, at the arrivals of the railway trains, and at other times +stand in St. Peter's Square. + +_Hunt's Bank_, _by the Church Steps_.--2 one-horse coaches. + +_Tame-street_, _opposite the Crescent_, _Ancoats_.--1 one-horse coach. + + +SALFORD. + + +_Front of New Bailey_.--Twelve coaches. + + +CHORLTON-ON-MEDLOCK. + + +_All Saints' Church_.--Seven coaches. + +_Upper Brook-street_.--Four coaches. + +_Tuer-street_, _Oxford-street_.--Two coaches. + + +BANKERS. + + _Manchester Bankers_. _Correspondents in London_. +Bank of England Branch Bank. Bank of England. +Savings' Bank, Mr. Jn. Atkinson, Agent, +1, Cross-street. +Cunliffes, Brooks, & Co., R. Cunliffe, jun., & Co. +Market-street. +Daintry, Ryle, & Co., Norfolk-street. Whitmore, Wells, & Co. +B. Heywood & Co., St. Anne-street. Masterman & Co. +W. Jones, Lloyd, & Co., King-street. Jones, Lloyd, & Co. +Scholes, Tetlow, & Co., Cannon-street. Curries & Co. +Bank of Manchester, Market-street. Denison & Co. +Manchester & Liverpool District Bank, Smith, Payne, & Co. +Spring Gardens. +Northern and Central Bank, Westminster Bank. +Crown-street. +Union Bank, Crown-street. Glyn & Co. +Commercial Bank of England, Masterman & Co. +Mosley-street. +Manchester & Salford Bank, King-st. Williams, Deacon & Co. +South Lancashire Bank, Crown-street. Barclay & Co. + +NEWSPAPERS. + + +There are five Newspapers in Manchester; four of them weekly, published +on Saturday; and the fifth, the Guardian, published twice a week, +Wednesday and Saturday. We annex their names and politics, and their +circulation, as deduced from the stamp return for the three months ending +1st March, 1838:-- + +GUARDIAN, Whig 5050 +ADVERTISER, Ultra Radical 3412 +TIMES, Moderate Radical 2529 +COURIER, Conservative 2824 +CHRONICLE, Conservative 1382 + +*** For further particulars we refer the Stranger to the Manchester +Directory. + + +PRINCIPAL TOWNS NEAR MANCHESTER. + + +_Altringham_. Its chief manufactures are yarn, cotton, and worsted. +Population, 2,302. 8 miles S.W. of Manchester. + +_Ashton_. Woollens. Population, 9,222. 7 miles E. + +_Bolton_. Muslin, quilting, and dimity. Population, 22,037. 11 miles +N.W. + +_Bury_. Cotton. Population, 10,583. 9 miles N.N.W. + +_Fairfield_. A Moravian settlement. 4 miles E. + +_Knutsford_. Thread, worsted, and leather. Population, 2,753. 15 miles +S. + +_Macclesfield_. Silk. Population, 17,746. 18 miles S. + +_Middleton_. Cotton. Population, 12,793. 7 miles N. + +_Newton_. Fustian and cotton. Population, 1,643. 16 miles W. + +_Rochdale_. Woollen and strong cotton goods. Population, 61,011. 12 +miles N. + +_Stockport_. Cotton. Population, 21,726. 7 miles S. + +_Warrington_. Cotton. Population, 13,570. 15 miles W. + +_Wigan_. Cotton and linen. Population, 17,716. 18 N.W. + + + + +INDEX. + + +Acton station, 58. + +Aston church, 13. + +-- hall, 14. + +-- viaduct, _ib._ + + * * * * * + +Basford station, 45. + +Barr Beacon, 16. + +Beeston castle, account of, 51. + +Bescot Bridge station, 19. + +Birmingham, account of, 1. + +-- antiquity of, 2. + +-- bankers, 111. + +-- brass founders, 106. + +-- British plate manufacturers, _ib._ + +-- button manufacturers, _ib._ + +-- buildings and institutions of, 7, 9, 97, 98. + +-- canal conveyance, 113. + +-- commercial boarding houses, 112. + +-- cut and plain glass manufacturers, 107. + +-- etymology of, 1. + +-- glass works, 107. + +-- gun and pistol makers, _ib._ + +-- hackney coach fares, 111. + +-- inns, 112. + +-- iron founders, 108. + +-- japanners, _ib._ + +-- jewellers, silversmiths, and emporiums for every description of +cutlery, plated wares, &c., _ib._ + +-- lamp, chandelier, candelabra, lustre, &c. manufacturers, 108. + +-- manufactures of, 4. + +-- manufacturers, miscellaneous, &c., 109. + +-- metal rollers, 108. + +-- newspapers, list of, 112. + +-- omnibus offices, _ib._ + +-- pin makers, 109. + +-- places of note adjacent to, 114. + +-- places of worship, 8, 9, 99-105. + +-- platers, and manufacturers of silver and plated wares, 109. + +-- post office, 110. + +-- public amusements, 98. + +-- public charities, _ib._ + +-- schools, _ib._ + +-- screw manufacturers, 109. + +-- station house, 12. + +-- steam engine manufacturers, 109. + +-- waggon warehouses, 114. + +-- water works, 15. + +Bolton Junction station, 85. + +Bridgeford hall, 37. + +-- station, 36. + +Broad Green station, 70. + +Bury-lane station, 85. + +Bushbury hill and church, 26. + + * * * * * + +Cannock Chase, 28. + +Chat Moss, account of, 86. + +Congleton, account of, 49. + +Coppenhall station, 48. + +Crewe station, 46. + +Cross-lane Bridge station, 88. + + * * * * * + +Darlaston, account of, 20. + +Delamere Forest, account of, 51. + +Duddeston, 13. + +Dudley, account of, 18. + +Dutton viaduct, 58. + + * * * * * + +Eccles church, 87. + +Eccleshall, account of, 38. + + * * * * * + +Four Ashes station, 28. + +Frodsham, account of, 60. + + * * * * * + +Hampstead hall, 17. + +Hartford station, 55. + +Huyton Gate and Roby-lane Gate stations, 69. + + * * * * * + +James's Bridge station, 20. + + * * * * * + +Knowsley Park, 69. + + * * * * * + +Liverpool, account of, 72. + +-- antiquity of, _ib._ + +-- bankers, 128. + +-- baths, 116. + +-- buildings of, 79, 115. + +-- castle of, 73. + +-- commerce of, 77. + +-- distinguished natives of, 82. + +-- docks of, 78, 116. + +-- etymology of, 72. + +-- foreign packets, 120. + +-- harbour of, 77. + +-- importance of, 74. + +-- inns, 120. + +-- literary, and scientific institutions, 116. + +-- manufactures of, 82. + +-- markets, 116. + +-- newspapers, list of, 129. + +-- objects of attraction, 115. + +-- post office, 124-127. + +-- places of worship, 81, 118. + +-- public amusements, 115. + +-- public charities, 117. + +-- railroad regulations, 118. See also sheet table. + +-- steam navigation, 121-124. + + * * * * * + +Madeley station, 43. + +Manchester, account of, 89. + +-- bankers, 143. + +-- baths, 136. + +-- commencement of its manufacturing celebrity, 90. + +-- distinguished natives of, 96. + +-- etymology of, 89. + +-- hackney coach fares, 140-142. + +-- hotels, coaches, and coach offices, 137. + +-- manufactures of, 91, 130. + +-- newspapers, 143. + +-- origin of, 89. + +-- places of public amusement, 136. + +-- places of worship, 133-136. + +-- post office, 138-140. + +-- principal towns near, 144. + +-- public buildings and institutions of, 94, 131, 136. + +-- railroad, 137. + +-- situation of, 93. + +Mersey viaduct, 62. + +Middlewich, account of, 52. + +Minshull Vernon station, 50. + +Moore station, 61. + + * * * * * + +Nantwich, account of, 46. + +Newton Junction, 65. + +-- town of, 84. + +Nixon, Robert, account of, 54. + +Northwich, account of, 56. + +-- brine springs, _ib._ + +Norton Bridge station, 37. + +Norton priory, 60. + + * * * * * + +Old Roman Way, 29. + +Over, account of, 53. + + * * * * * + +Parkside station, 85. + +Patricroft station, 87. + +Penkridge church, 30. + +-- station, 31. + +Perry Barr station, 16. + +-- hall, 17. + +Potteries, account of, 38. + +Prescot, account of, 68. + +Preston-Brook station,60. + + * * * * * + +Quarry Bridge, 30. + + * * * * * + +Rowley Hills, 21. + +Runcorn, account of, 61. + + * * * * * + +Sandbach, account of, 49. + +Sandwell Park, 17. + +Spread Eagle station, 29. + +Stafford, account of, 32. + +-- station, _ib._ + +Standon church, 40. + +Stone, account of, 38. + + * * * * * + +Tunnel, Liverpool, 70. + +-- Wednesfield, 22. + + * * * * * + +Vale Royal viaduct, 54. + + * * * * * + +Walsall, account of, 19. + +Warrington station, 62. + +-- account of, _ib._ + +Waste-lane station, 88. + +Wednesbury, account of, 19. + +West Bromwich, 17. + +-- gas works, _ib._ + +Whitmore station, 41. + +Willenhall, account of, 22. + +-- station, _ib._ + +Winsford station, 53. + +Winwick church, 64. + +-- hall, 65. + +-- station, 64. + +Wolverhampton, account of, 24. + +-- station, 23. + + + + +NOTES. + + +{v} The work is published either with or without the steel plates. + +{7} The proceeds of the Musical Festivals are for the benefit of the +General Hospital, and not given to the Dispensary, as is stated in Mr. +Lacy's Liverpool Guide-book. + +{11} "The Picture of Birmingham," published by J. Drake, New-street, +containing an historical and descriptive account of the town, with an +accurate map, and twelve views of the principal buildings, &c. + +{14} See page 2. + +{97a} For a detailed account of objects worthy the traveller's notice, +see the "Picture of Birmingham," published by J. Drake, 52, New-street; +W. Wood, 78, High street; and to be had of all booksellers. + +{97b} A correct view of the Town Hall, Free Grammar School, and Market +Hall, to be had on a sheet, the one shilling, at J. Drake's, 52, +New-street, and of all booksellers. + +{106} The limits of this work would not admit of a more extensive list +of the manufacturers of Birmingham, which are exceedingly numerous. + +{110} With Foreign Letters, _via_ Birmingham and Chester to Holyhead. + + + + +ADVERTISEMENTS. + + +CLARK'S +METALLIC HOT-HOUSE MANUFACTORY, + + + _ESTABLISHED_ 1818, + + FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND ERECTION OF + + CONSERVATORIES, + + HOT AND GREEN-HOUSES + + AND + + HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS + + OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. + + * * * * * + + COPPER SASHES, FAN-LIGHTS, SKY-LIGHTS, + + &c. &c. &c. + + * * * * * + + PROPRIETOR, + MR. THOMAS CLARK, JUNIOR, + + MANAGER, + MR. JOHN JONES. + + * * * * * + + 64, Lionel-street, Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + + +W. AND T. AVERY, + + + ESTABLISHED 1730, + + MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF + + SCALES, SCALE BEAMS, & STEELYARDS, + + _TO WEIGH_ + + From 100th part of a grain to 20 tons; + + PATENT WEIGHING MACHINES, + + Screw Plates and Die Stocks; + + ROAD MACHINES UPON THE BEST PRINCIPLES; + + Standard Scales and Weights for Corporations: + + DIGBETH, BIRMINGHAM, + + AND 32, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON. + + * * * * * + + + +JOSEPH STUBBS, + + + LATE + + RADENHURST AND STUBBS, + + _MANUFACTURER OF_ + + WHIPS AND WHIP THONGS, + + SADDLES, BRIDLES, HARNESS, + + &c. + + 13, Jamaica-row, Smithfield, Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + [Picture: Coat of Arms] + + + +EDWARDS, BALL AND CO., + + + 82, High-street, Birmingham, + + JEWELLERS, SILVERSMITHS, CUTLERS, &c., + EMPORIUM + + FOR THE MANUFACTURES OF + + _BIRMINGHAM_, _SHEFFIELD_, _AND LONDON_. + + * * * * * + + Established nearly a century. + + * * * * * + +THIS spacious suite of Rooms offers to the inspection of the Visiter, an +extensive selection of fashionable Jewellery, Gold and Silver Plate; and +a large assortment of second hand Plate; Plated Wares of every variety; +Fancy Silver Goods; Gilt Jewellery and Trinkets; Gold and Silver Watches; +German Silver, and Plated on Steel Articles; Warranted Cutlery, Elastic +Razors, and Strops; Fancy Hearth Brushes; Papier Machee Trays and +Japanned Wares; Bronze Tea and Coffee Urns; Britannia Metal Goods; Bronze +and Or Molu Suspending and Table Lanps, Candelabra, Lustres, Inkstands, +&c.; Regulation and Dress Swords; Patent Corkscrews; Snuffers and +Polished Steel Articles of every description. + +N.B. Canteens made and fitted to contain Plate. Livery Button Dies cut, +and Buttons made to order on the shortest notice. Medals and Seals for +Public Companies and Scientific Societies, Communion Services, +Presentation Plate, and Silver Cups designed and executed in the first +style of Art. + + Arms, Crests, and Mottos Engraved. + + FURNISHING IRONMONGERY IN GENERAL. + + * * * * * + + +JAMES WARD, + + + No. 12, ST. MARY'S ROW, BIRMINGHAM, + + MANUFACTURER OF + + _GUN CLEANING RODS_, + + WADDING PUNCHES, + + Cap'd and Common Worms, Lock Vices, Nipples, + + _NIPPLE AND OTHER TURNSCREWS_, + + BULLET AND SHOT MOULDS, + + &c. &c. + + ENGRAVING AND LETTER-CUTTING; + + Letter Punches, Sheep, Bag, and Burn Marks; Door Plates and Seals neatly + engraved; Artificial Flower Punches, &c. &c. + + * * * * * + + +THOMAS ELKINGTON, + + + GOLD AND SILVER BEATER, + + _WHOLESALE DEALER IN_ + + SILVER POWDER, BRONZE, &c., + + 146, Lionel-street, Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + +R. W. CHILD, + + + MANUFACTURER OF + + _FANCY GILT TOYS_, + + JEWELLERY, &c., + + 36, Lench-street, St. Mary's Square, + + BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + [Picture: Coat of Arms] + + + +MAPPLEBECK AND LOWE'S + + + EMPORIUM FOR THE MANUFACTURES OF + + BIRMINGHAM, LONDON, AND SHEFFIELD + MANUFACTURING AND FURNISHING IRONMONGERY, + + Wholesale and Retail. + + * * * * * + + BY APPOINTMENT, +_Agents to Messrs. JOSEPH RODGERS and SONS_, _Sheffield_, _Cutlers to her + Majesty_. + +THE Nobility, Gentry, and Strangers visiting Birmingham, are respectfully +invited to this Establishment, whether as Purchasers, or Parties in +search of amusement. The SHOW ROOMS, contain the finished articles for +Sale that are manufactured in this Town, London, and Sheffield--and are +open to all persons of respectability. Cards of admission, to inspect +some of the distinguished Manufactories, may be obtained at this +Establishment. + + +Cutlery Show Rooms, + + +Contains an elegant and splendid assortment of every description of +articles in Cutlery, and beautiful specimens from the Manufactory and +Show Rooms of Messrs. Rodgers and Sons, and various other articles which +present novelties of unusual taste and variety; also, an extensive +variety of rich _Sheffield Plated Wares_, (with strong Silver edges and +shields for engraving arms or crests upon,) _German Silver and Britannia +Metal Goods_. + + +Furnishing Show Room, + + +Contains splendid Patent Fire Places, elegant Bronzed Steel and Or-molu +Stove Grates, Fenders, Fire Irons and supports--Bronzed Tea and Coffee +Urns, Kettles on Stands, &c. &c., of the best manufacture, and entirely +new patterns.--A splendid assortment of the best Japanned Papier Machee +Trays and Waiters; also, Ladies' Work Tables, Fire Screens, Card Racks, +and Cases from the first manufacturers.--Bronzed Inkstands, Lustres, +Thermometers, Card Racks, Wax Tapers, &c. &c.--Chandelier, Table, Hall, +Candle and other Lamps, and Candelabras in Bronze and Or-molu. + + +Establishment for Furnishing + + +Gentlemen's Seats, Halls, Houses, &c., in the most complete manner and +first style of elegance: Kitchen Ranges, on most improved principles; +Economical Cooking Apparatus, with the latest improvements, and every +description of Ironmongery, and superior Braizery Goods; improved Shower +Baths, with Pump; Warm, Cold, Hip, and Feet Baths; Horticultural +Implements in great variety, viz., Tool Chests, Fumigating Bellows, +Scott's Portable Garden Pumps, Engines, and Mennogrammes (or improved +Labels) for Flower Pots, &c., highly approved of by the first +Horticulturists. + + EXPERIENCED BELL-HANGERS AND LOCKSMITHS SENT TO ANY PART OF THE COUNTRY. + +The Wholesale Ironmongery business connected with this Establishment, is +conducted at No. 1, GOLDEN COURT, adjoining. + +*** _Goods for Exportation and Shipping Orders_, _executed on the most +advantageous terms_. + + 6, Bull Ring, Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + + +JOHN RODGERS AND SONS, + + + MANUFACTURERS OF + + WOOLLEN GIRTH, ROLLER, BRACE, + + AND + + BELT WEBS; + + ELASTIC INDIA RUBBER WEBS, + + AND EVERY DESCRIPTION OF + + BRACES, BELTS, MILITARY SASHES, + + GIRTHS, SILK PURSES, WATCH GUARDS, + &c., + + CHISWELL-STREET, LONDON, + + And Broad-street, Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + + +THOMAS CLARK AND CO., + + + JEWELLERS & SILVERSMITHS, + + _GILT AND STEEL TOY_ + + MANUFACTURERS, + + &c. &c., + + 53, Lionel-street, Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + GOLD, SILVER, AND GILT JEWELLERY; + + SNUFF BOXES, + EVER POINTED PENCIL CASES, THIMBLES, &c., + + In great variety, always on hand. + + * * * * * + + [Picture: Coat of Arms] + + + +JAMES BROWN, + + + MANUFACTURER OF + + BRITANNIA METAL GOODS, + + Paradise-street, Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + + +JOHN LILLEY, JUN., + + + MANUFACTURER OF + + SILVER AND PLATED WARES, + + MILITARY ORNAMENTS, &c., + + _OF EVERY DESCRIPTION_, + + 23, St. Paul's Square, Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + + +THOMAS HORTON, AND CO., + + + MAKERS OF GERMAN SILVER, + + AND MANUFACTURERS OF + + SPOONS, FORKS, &c., + + _IN THE IMPROVED BRITISH PLATE_, + + 34, Lench-street, Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + + +SAMUEL RAWLINS & SON, + + + MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF + + Saddlery, Harness, + + BRIDLES, SHOT-BELTS, &c., + + FOR EXPORTATION. + + CURRIERS, LEATHER FACTORS, + + AND + + FOREIGN HIDE MERCHANTS, + + No. 100, WEAMAN STREET, + BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + + +NEEDHAM'S + + + IMPROVED PATENT + + MILITARY & PORTABLE + + _BOX SPURS_, + + AND SPURS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, + + FOR THE HOME AND FOREIGN MARKETS. + + MANUFACTORY, 16, COLESHILL STREET, + + BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + [Picture: Coat of Arms] + + + +W. HOPKINS & SON, + + + (_Late James Barron_,) + + PATENT BLIND + + MANUFACTURERS, + + AND + + GENERAL BRASS FOUNDERS, + + 25, LOWER TEMPLE-STREET, + + Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + MAPS MOUNTED ON A SUPERIOR PRINCIPLE; + + SPRING BLINDS FOR SHOP FRONTS, + + ON AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION; + + GAUZE WIRE BLINDS, + + OLD BLINDS PAINTED AND REPAIRED, + + &c., &c., &c. + + * * * * * + + + +SAMUEL BROWN, + + + MANUFACTURER OF + + Pocket Books & Fancy Leather Cases + + IN EVERY VARIETY. + + UPPER GOUGH STREET, + + BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + + +FASHIONABLE +CLOTHING ESTABLISHMENT, +CURZON PLACE, NEW STREET, BIRMINGHAM. + + + * * * * * + + W. B. REYNOLDS + +Has much pleasure in announcing to his Friends and the Public generally, +that (in consequence of the decease of his late foreman) he has succeeded +in engaging from London a Gentleman of acknowledged taste, ability, and +experience, to superintend the cutting department of his business. He +therefore feels the fullest confidence in soliciting the continued +patronage of his Friends, the Gentry, and Inhabitants of Birmingham and +its vicinity, respectfully assuring them, that all orders with which he +may be favoured will be executed in a style of superiority and fashion, +not to be surpassed by any establishment at the West end of the +metropolis. + +To the Ladies, W. B. R. requests particularly to observe, that, having +for five years had the management of a business in Bond Street, London, +in which + + LADIES RIDING HABITS + +formed a leading feature, and much conduced to its celebrity, he can +promise without reserve, that their commands in this department shall be +executed in a manner equal, if not superior, in taste and elegance, to +the most reputed houses in the kingdom. + + LIVERIES, MACINTOSH GREAT COATS, &c., + IN EVERY VARIETY. + + FUNERALS FURNISHED. + + * * * * * + + + +No. 7, ST. PAUL'S SQUARE, BIRMINGHAM. + + + * * * * * + + WILLIAM MITCHELL, + + ORIGINAL GENERAL METALLIC + + PEN + + MANUFACTURER, + +MOST respectfully requests the notice of the Merchants, Dealers, and +Stationers, to his extensive Assortment of + + +STEEL PENS, + + +comprising every variety of the most approved general patterns, +manufactured of the best materials, and finished in a most superior +manner; also, with the above he particularly recommends his + + +VICTORIA PENS, + + +as combining in themselves all the best properties of the Quill, and +possessing, in a superior degree, the durability and beautiful equality +in the appearance of the writing, that the most elaborately finished +Steel Pens exhibit. + +Sold Wholesale at the Manufactory, and at his Agents', Messrs. Wood & +Son, No. 4, Newcastle-street, Farringdon-street, London; Mr. Simmons', +No. 9, St. Ann's Square, Manchester; Mr. Grafton's, Civet Cat, +Lord-street, Liverpool, and retail by all Stationers. + + * * * * * + + + +CABINET, +UPHOLSTERY, AND PAPER HANGING +WAREHOUSE, + + + 16, WORCESTER-STREET, (OPPOSITE THE MARKET HALL,) + BIRMINGHAM. + + J. WRIGHT, + +VERY respectfully calls the attention of Families Furnishing, to his +extensive Stock, which will be found to consist of an unusually large +assortment of + + +CABINET FURNITURE: + + +comprising great varieties of every article of warranted manufacture, and +of the most seasoned materials, for every department of the dwelling, +manufactured consistently with the prevailing Metropolitan style and +taste, and with great regard to that desideratum of the day--_economy in +price_. + + +UPHOLSTERY, &c. + + +Damask and Plain Moreens, Chintzes, Trimmings, Floor Cloths, +Table-Baizes, &c. &c., of the first quality. + + +PAPER HANGINGS + + +In great variety, selected from the first houses in the Trade; and which +for style, quality, or price, he flatters himself cannot be excelled. + + * * * * * + + + +MENDEL'S +MANCHESTER AND LIVERPOOL +HOTEL, +BRIDGE-STREET, MANCHESTER. + + + * * * * * + + EMANUEL MENDEL, + +BEGS leave to inform Commercial Gentlemen and the Public generally, that +he has opened the above House, which is fitted-up in a superior manner, +and hopes, by attention and assiduity, to merit a share of public +patronage. + + * * * * * + + WINES AND SPIRITS OF THE VERY BEST QUALITY. + + * * * * * + + N.B.--EXCELLENT STABLING AND LOCK-UP COACH-HOUSES. + + * * * * * + + [Picture: Coat Of Arms] + + + +ROYAL HOTEL, +_MAIL AND COACH OFFICE_. + + + FROM THIS OFFICE, + + DEPART ALL + + HER MAJESTY'S ROYAL MAILS, + + (_Except the Burnley Mail_); + + ALSO, A GREAT NUMBER OF + + FIRST-RATE, + + FAST, FOUR-HORSE COACHES: + + THUS AFFORDING + + OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRAVELLING + + By Superior Conveyances, to the + + NORTH, INTO YORKSHIRE, AND TO ALL PARTS OF + + THE KINGDOM, + + ALMOST HOURLY. + + LACY AND ALLEN, + _PROPRIETORS_. + + * * * * * + + + +YORK HOTEL + + + AND + + FAMILY HOUSE, + + KING-STREET, + + MANCHESTER. + + * * * * * + + R. SWYER. + + * * * * * + + + +TALBOT INN, + + + MARKET-STREET, + + MANCHESTER, + + AN OLD ESTABLISHED + + HOUSE. + + * * * * * + + [Picture: Coat of Arms] + + + +COMMERCIAL AND FAMILY HOUSE, +KING'S ARMS +HOTEL, + + + JOHN ELTON, + + KING-STREET, MANCHESTER. + + * * * * * + + + +MARY OGDEN, +COMMERCIAL INN, + + + MARKET-STREET, + + CORNER OF BROWN-STREET, + + MANCHESTER. + + * * * * * + + + +BEE COFFEE ROOMS, + + + UNDER THE LATE PALACE INN, + + MARKET-STREET, MANCHESTER. + + * * * * * + + THIS ESTABLISHMENT IS PECULIARLY ADAPTED FOR + + STRANGERS AND TRAVELLERS, + + FROM ITS CENTRAL SITUATION. + + * * * * * + + Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, Tea, And Supper, + + SUPPLIED ON A MINUTE'S NOTICE, + + AND AT VERY MODERATE PRICES. + + * * * * * + + + +H. P. THATCHER, + + + No. 19, King-street, Manchester, + + LADIES' AND GENTLEMEN'S + + FASHIONABLE HAIR CUTTER + + AND DRESSER, + + DEPOT FOR FOREIGN AND BRITISH PERFUMERY, + + Inventor of the much admired Sicilian Cream for the Hair. + + * * * * * + + A good assortment of Hair, Tooth, Nail, and Clothes Brushes; Tortoise + shell, Ivory, and Horn Combs, in great variety. + + * * * * * + + +ST. GEORGE'S +INDEPENDENT COACH +AND +GENERAL OMNIBUS OFFICE, + + + (Opposite the End of Union-street,) + + HIGH-STREET, BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + Coaches to most Parts of the Kingdom. + + * * * * * + + Conveyance Company's OMNIBUSES to the following + Places. + + Wolverhampton--Stourbridge--Dudley--Walsall--Hagley--Bewdley-- + Kidderminster--Brierley Hill--West Bromwich--Wednesbury--Bilston--Hales + Owen. + + HENRY GENDERS & CO. + + * * * * * + + + +SWAN HOTEL. + + + THEODORE WAKEFIELD, + + ORIGINAL POSTING AND FAMILY + + HOTEL, + + HIGH-STREET, BIRMINGHAM. + +T. W. begs to acquaint his Friends and the Public that his OMNIBUSES PLY +at the London and Birmingham and Grand Junction Railway Stations +constantly on the Arrival and Departure of the Trains. + + * * * * * + + + +W. TATEHAM, + + + 32, TEMPLE-ROW, + + (Three Doors from Bull-street,) + + BIRMINGHAM, + + BEGS TO CALL THE ATTENTION OF LADIES & GENTLEMEN TO HIS + + _IMPROVED_ + + METHOD OF + + PERUKE MAKING, + + And to state the superiority of his System to that of + his Contemporaries. + +His PERUKES are so constructed as to fit the Head with the greatest +Precision, and form exactly the natural angle on the Forehead, the +Artificial Hair being completely carried off the Temples. He defies the +most proficient connoisseur to distinguish them from a perfectly natural +head of hair. + + * * * * * + + +WILLIAM HORTON AND CO., + + + MANUFACTURERS OF + + NEEDLES, PINS, AND FISHHOOKS, + + REDDITCH, WORCESTERSHIRE, + + AND + + GREAT HAMPTON-STREET, BIRMINGHAM, + + By special appointment to Her Majesty the Queen, and Her Royal + Highness the Duchess of Kent. + + SOLE INVENTORS OF THE CELEBRATED VICTORIA NEEDLE. + + * * * * * + + + +H. AND J. GIBBS, + + + Platers on Steel and German Silver, + + MANUFACTURERS OF + + METAL AND JAPANNED BUTTONS, + + Cloak Clasps, Split Rings, Stay Holes, Fancy Gilt and + Steel Toys, &c. &c. + + 7, LITTLE CHARLES-STREET, + + BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + + +I. SHERWOOD, + + + MANUFACTURER OF + + BRASS, COPPER, BLOCK TIN, AND IRON + + GAS PIPING, &c. + + _TENANT-STREET MILL_, _BIRMINGHAM_. + + * * * * * + + N.B. Locomotive Engine Pipes of superior Quality. + + * * * * * + + +ELIZ. STURGES AND SON, + + + MANUFACTURERS OF + + PLATINA, BRITISH PLATE, AND + BRITANNIA METAL WARES, + + IN THE + + Greatest Variety of Form, Quality, and Price. + +The Platina Tea and Coffee Sets were invented and are made only by ELIZ. +STURGES and SON, are warranted never to lose their original shape or +colour, and are sold at about the same price as Britannia Metal Sets. + + 26, LICHFIELD-STREET, BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + +ENGRAVING. + + + ADDRESS CARDS, BANKERS' CHECKS, + AND BILL PLATES; + + Seal Stones, Gold and Silver Plate, Engraved equal to + + _LONDON HOUSES_, _AT_ + + C. COBURN'S, + + ENGRAVER AND STATIONER, + + 9, Ann-street, (near the Town hall,) + + BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + +BACCHUS & GREEN, + + + PLAIN & CUT GLASS MANUFACTURERS, + + UNION GLASS WORKS, + + _BIRMINGHAM_. + + WAREHOUSE, +8, Tokenhouse Yard, LONDON. + + * * * * * + + +WILLIAM CHAMBERS DAY, + + + IRON FOUNDER, + SUFFOLK STREET, BIRMINGHAM, + + MANUFACTURER OF + +Every Description of Weighing Machines, suitable for Railways, Road +Wagons, Wharfs, Corn Dealers, Woolstaplers, Curriers, Grocers, &c. +Scales, Scale Beams, Steelyards, Die Stocks, Screw Plates, Sugar Mills +and Straw-cutting Engines on an improved Principle, Mill Castings, &c. + + English and Foreign Weights in Iron or Brass. + + MANUFACTURER OF THE PATENT DEEP COPPER SCALES. + + * * * * * + + +JOHN LAW, + + + MANUFACTURER OF + + PATENT TACK AND CUT NAILS, + + OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, + + PAD BOX AND TRUNK LOCKS, + + Wrought Iron Hinges, Pressed Riveted Hinges, + + HEAVY OR WEIGHTY BULWARK HINGES, + + _HOOKS and HINGES_, _ROUNDS or WASHERS_, + + BRACKETS, + + CORNICE SLIDES, STAIR ROD EYES, + + AND + + Ironmongery of every Description suitable for Foreign + and Home Consumption, + + 47, COLESHILL-STREET, BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + +J. F. PARKER, + + + MANUFACTURER OF + + SILVER PLATED WARES, + + 72, HIGH STREET, BIRMINGHAM. + + Candlesticks, Cruet and Liquor Frames, Tea Urns and Sets, Epergnes, + Dishes, &c. &c. + + * * * * * + + + +BIRMINGHAM COMMERCIAL AND PRIVATE +BOARDING HOUSE, + + + NO. 12, + + Union Passage, New-street. + + * * * * * + + MR. AND MRS. JONES, + +Respectfully inform their Friends and the Public, that Ladies and +Gentlemen visiting or passing through Birmingham, will meet with every +attention and comfort at this Establishment, at very reasonable charges. +The house is central and retired, and contiguous to the Post Office and +Principal Coach Offices. + + * * * * * + + +EDWARD STUBS, + + + WHOLESALE AND RETAIL + + MANUFACTURING FURRIER, + + DEALER IN + + TUSCAN AND STRAW BONNETS, + + 19 & 22, + + NEW-STREET, BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + Furs Cleaned, Repaired, and Altered, with every + attention.--Bonnets Cleaned and Altered. + + OLD FURS TAKEN IN EXCHANGE. + + * * * * * + + +DAVID COPE & SON, + + + Nos. 7 & 8, BARTHOLOMEW-STREET, BIRMINGHAM, + + Manufacturers of + + Plated Spoons, Forks, + + SOUP AND PUNCH LADLES, + + ASPARAGUS TONGS, DECANTER CORKS AND LABELS, + + Sugar Tongs, Toast Racks, Knife Rests, Gilt and Plated + Egg Spoons, Sugar Crushers, &c. + + BRITISH PLATE, SPOONS, FORKS, &c. &c. + + * * * * * + + + +T. FLETCHER, + + + 31, + _TEMPLE ROW_, + BIRMINGHAM, + + (_Nearly opposite DEE'S Royal Hotel_,) + + Has constantly on Sale, + + PIANO FORTES, HARPS, + + _GUITARS_, &c, &c. + + * * * * * + + Piano Fortes, Harps, &c. lent on Hire, Exchanged, Tuned, + and Repaired. + + IMPORTER OF FOREIGN STRINGS. + + ALL + + New Music + + AS SOON AS PUBLISHED. + + * * * * * + + +GEORGE MINES, + + + STOCK AND SHARE BROKER, + + 78, + Newhall-street, Birmingham, + + Begs to inform the Public he has commenced Business as + + Stock and Share Broker, + +And from 13 Years' experience he has had in every branch of the Business, +he doubts not of giving perfect satisfaction to all who may favour him +with their Instructions. + +*** He has a first rate Agency in _London_, _Liverpool_, &c., and has +Daily Information of the state of all the Markets. + + * * * * * + + + +TEMPERANCE ARMS + + + 54, DALE END, BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + JOB WILKINS, + +Through this medium, begs to acquaint the Public generally, especially +Friends of Temperance Travelling, either on business or pleasure, they +will find his Establishment comfortable and convenient, being between the +Birmingham and London and Grand Junction Railway Stations and the +principal Coach Offices, and within a few minutes' walk of either. + + * * * * * + + Tea, Coffee, Chops, and Steaks, at any hour of the day, but no + Intoxicating Liquors allowed on the Premises. + + * * * * * + + WELL AIRED BEDS, PRIVATE ROOMS: CHARGES MODERATE. + + * * * * * + + _Cars for Hire_, _with Careful Drivers_. + + * * * * * + + +JOSEPH SHORE AND SONS, + + + IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN + + Foreign Wines and Spirits; + + 11, Easy Row, + + BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + [Picture: Coat of Arms] + + + +JENNENS & BETTRIDGE, + + + Japanners and Manufacturers + + OF + + PAPIER MACHEE, &c. + + TO HER MAJESTY, + + (_And to their late Majesties_, _George and William the Fourth_,) + + 99, CONSTITUTION HILL, + + BIRMINGHAM, + + AND + + 3, HALKIN-STREET WEST, + + BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON. + + * * * * * + + _THIS ESTABLISHMENT IS OPEN TO THE INSPECTION OF_ + _VISITERS_. + +N.B. Cards of Admission to the principal Manufacturing Establishments and +Show Rooms in Birmingham, may be had of J. and B. + + * * * * * + + +SILVER TEA URN, + + + 9, DALE END, + + And New Market Place, Belmont Row, Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + HENRY AND CHARLES GROVE, + + GENERAL GROCERS, + + Tea Dealers, Coffee Roasters, Cheese & Butter Factors, + + TOBACCONISTS, &c. + + HOP AND SEED WAREHOUSE. + Agents to the Durham Mustard Company. + +H. & C. GROVE embrace this opportunity of tendering their most grateful +thanks to their Friends and the Public, for the very distinguished +patronage their Establishments have been honoured with; and at the same +time beg to observe, that all Orders entrusted to them will be executed +under their own superintendence, and every effort exercised to strengthen +that confidence already shown by the very flattering encouragement they +have experienced. + + N.B. Orders from the Country promptly attended to. + + * * * * * + + + +SAMPSON ASTON, + + + NO. 1, JENNENS' ROW, ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S SQUARE, + + BIRMINGHAM, + + MANUFACTURER OF + + BOX AND IVORY RULES, + + Routledge's and Hawthorn's Improved Locomotive + ENGINEERS' RULES, + AND RULES OF EVERY OTHER DESCRIPTION. + + * * * * * + + + +PUMP COMMERCIAL TAVERN, + + + (OPPOSITE THE OLD CHURCH,) + + BULL RING, BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + THOMAS EVANS, + + (Lately of Radenhurst's Nelson Coach Office,) + +Having succeeded to the Business of his late Father-in-law, the +Proprietor of the above Establishment, has made extensive arrangements of +the House; particularly by considerably enlarging his Coffee Room, and +making several new, and improving and refurnishing the former, Sitting +Rooms, Bed Rooms, &c. &c. The result of these Improvements is, that T. E. +is enabled to offer the accommodation of a Family Hotel on the most +reasonable Terms. Visiters to Birmingham will find at this House all the +convenience of their own residence, upon a scale of charges which must +ensure their approval. Commercial Gentlemen also will find increased +attention to their comforts. + + * * * * * + + + +W. REED, + + + (From Hobson and Co.'s, Long Acre, London,) + + COACH BUILDER, + BATH-STREET, + + Birmingham. + +Every description of Light Carriages, made on the most approved +Principle, and in the most fashionable Style, constantly on Sale. + + * * * * * + + + +LONDON COFFEE HOUSE, + + + 10, PHILIP-STREET, + + (Opposite the Market Hall,) + + Birmingham. + +DINNER commencing at One o'Clock, with a liberal Bill of Fare daily. + + Private Rooms and Dinners on the shortest Notice. + + London and Provincial Daily and Weekly Papers. + + WELL AIRED BEDS. + + * * * * * + + + +DUDDESTON HALL +LUNATIC ASYLUM, + + + NEAR BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + MR. LEWIS + +RESPECTFULLY informs the Public that he receives Patients, of either sex, +labouring under mental or nervous diseases, into his Establishment, on +terms which cannot fail to meet the approbation of persons desirous of +placing their friends, who may be so circumstanced, in so comfortable and +pleasing a retreat. + +The well known beauty and variety of the Gardens and Pleasure Grounds, +and the entire adaptation of the House and Premises to the purposes of an +Asylum, render an elaborate description unnecessary; suffice it to say, +there is everything that can be desired of this nature. + +The Proprietor resides in and conducts the Establishment with properly +qualified Assistants; the female department is under the superintendence +of Mrs. and Miss LEWIS, who devote all their time to the health and +comfort of the patients, and whose qualifications in this respect are +well known in Birmingham and its neighbourhood. + +Dr. EVANS is the consulting Physician. Mr. FREER and Mr. HEELEY, +Surgeons, one of whom visits the Patients daily. + +The situation is extremely desirable, the Vauxhall Station of the Grand +Junction Railway being at the Lodge Gates, and the Railway itself +bounding the Premises. + + * * * * * + + + +THE +LONDON SILK WAREHOUSE, + + + 61, AND 62, BULL STREET, + + BIRMINGHAM, + + PROPRIETOR, WILLIAM EDWARDS. + + * * * * * + +TO LADIES VISITING BIRMINGHAM:-- + +AT this House, (conducted upon the most equitable principles, and +established for a long time with yearly increasing patronage,) the old +system of trading is adopted; the price of each article being marked in +plain figures, from which no deviation is ever allowed. + +Its claim upon the patronage of the Public, is the undeviating cheapness +at which all articles, whether of British, Continental, or Eastern +manufacture are offered to Purchasers. + +The Inhabitants of the neighbouring counties, who make their purchases in +Birmingham, will at all times find a large and carefully chosen Stock of +the most substantial, well-manufactured + + SILKS, SHAWLS, FURS, + + BLANKETS, FLANNELS, COUNTERPANES, + + RIBBONS, + + GENUINE IRISH LINENS AND LAWNS. + +Where purchases are made by Gentlemen, or other Persons, for Friends in +the country, which fail to give satisfaction, the money is invariably +returned, excepting where an article is lessened in value, by being +separated from the piece. + + * * * * * + + + +HENRY GROVE, + + + (IMPORTER OF WINES AND SPIRITS,) + + VICTORIA COMMERCIAL INN, + + NEW MARKET PLACE, + + BELMONT ROW, + + Birmingham. + + (Within Two Minutes' Walk of both Railway Stations.) + + * * * * * + +The airy situation of the above Inn, and its proximity to the Grand +Junction and London and Birmingham Railway Companies' Offices, render it +most eligible for Commercial Gentlemen and others, and will be found to +possess the two important requisites of Comfort and Economy combined. + + * * * * * + + Well Aired Beds. + + _EXCELLENT STABLING_, + +N.B. OMNIBUSES to and from the principal Coach Offices, where places may +be secured by fast and well regulated Coaches to any part of the Kingdom. + + * * * * * + + + +CHARLES BROOKES, + + + WOOLLEN DRAPER AND TAILOR, + + 81, NEW-STREET, + + (Nearly opposite the Society of Arts,) + + Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + H. MICHAEL & CO. + + MANUFACTURING + + FURRIERS AND SKIN MERCHANTS, + + 115, NEW-STREET, + + Corner of King-street, Birmingham. + + * * * * * + +N.B. Furs of all descriptions Cleaned, Repaired, and Altered to the +present Fashion. + + * * * * * + + + +WAGNER & COTTRELL, + + + MANUFACTURERS OF + + PORTABLE WRITING DESKS, + +Ladies' Toilet and Gentlemen's Dressing Cases, Mahogany, Rosewood, or +Russia Leather Travelling Cases, Medicine Chests, Copying Machines, and +every article in the Cabinet Case Business. + + 21, _PARADISE-STREET_, + + Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + [Picture: Coat of Arms] + + By Special Appointment. + + * * * * * + + + +T. J. MORRIS, + + + REPOSITORY OF ARTS, + + COLMORE ROW, BIRMINGHAM, + + MANUFACTURER OF + + Superfine Water Colours in Cakes, + + AND + + FINE HAIR PENCILS, + + In Ordinary to Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, + Her Majesty the Queen Dowager, + and the + Duke of Sussex. + + LONDON, and 28, Colmore Row, BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + +Circulating Port Folios, consisting of the choicest Drawings, Flowers by +Holland and Edwards, Pole and Hand Screens, Card Racks, Gold Papers and +Borders, Screen Handles, White Wood-work for Painting, Ivory and British +Boards, and Fancy Stationery. + + Papier Machee of every description. + +Materials for Chinese Japan Painting, Hollands and Harding's Colours, +Brookman and Langdon's, and Banks' Lead Pencils, Drawing Materials, +Varnishing in a Superior Style, Ivories for Miniatures, Prepared Canvass +and Bladder Colours. + + MORDAN'S EVER-POINTED PENCILS AND PEN HOLDERS. + + * * * * * + + + +R. SIMS, + + + (TEN YEARS ASSISTANT TO MR. ENGLISH, COLMORE ROW,) + + SURGEON DENTIST, + + NO. 13, + + _UNION PASSAGE_, _NEW-STREET_, + + BIRMINGHAM, + +Returns his sincere acknowledgments to the Inhabitants of Birmingham and +its vicinity, for the liberal support that has been conferred upon him +since his commencing Practice, and trusts that his having had Ten Years' +experience with Mr. English, during which he had nearly the whole of the +Mechanical Department entrusted to his care, will still entitle him to +that support and patronage which has hitherto been awarded to him. + +In consequence of some unskilful pretenders having put themselves forward +to public notice as adepts in the above art, he thinks it necessary to +state that he never ties in teeth, which is the most that these +pretenders can ever accomplish; his superior Gold Plates never in any +instance require the painful and most injurious operation of tying in; +and he assures them they will wear more years than the spurious bone +teeth, which they put forth to the public, will last months, at a less +charge, and with greater comfort to the wearer. + + FEES. + _s._ _d._ _s._ _d._ +A Single Tooth 0 10 0 usually 1 1 0 + charged +A Complete Set 10 0 0 usually 20 0 0 + charged + +Teeth stopped with Cement or Gold according to the cavity. Extracting, +Scaling, and every other operation upon the Teeth; and particular +attention paid to the regulation of Children's Teeth upon equally +moderate charges. + + * * * * * + + + +TO NOBLEMEN, GENTLEMEN, SPORTSMEN, AND +GUN-MAKERS. + + + * * * * * + + S. WALKER, + + Military Percussion Cap Maker to Her Majesty's + Honourable Board of Ordnance, + +Begs most respectfully to inform her numerous Friends, and the Public +generally, that she has dissolved Partnership with her Son, and that she +will continue to carry on the Percussion Cap Business in all its +Branches. + +S. WALKER'S Caps have been known and approved of by the Sporting World +for more than sixteen Years, and she can with confidence assure them +every exertion shall be made, this seventeenth Season, to render them +still superior to any yet manufactured. + +Sold in Boxes of 250 and 500 each, by most of the respectable Gun-makers +and Gunpowder Dealers throughout the Kingdom. + + CHEMICALLY PREPARED GUN WADDING, + + Manufactured upon an Improved Principle, + + BY S. WALKER. + +This Wadding will be found superior to any now in use, as it not only +cleans the barrel, every time it is used, but, through the Chemical +Properties of the oily Composition with which it is impregnated, the lead +is removed as quickly as deposited. + +Sold in Bags, containing 500 each, price 5s., by all respectable Gun +Makers in the United Kingdom; where also may be had S. Walker's Improved +Anti-Corrosive Percussion Caps. + + MANUFACTORY, + No. 12, Legge-street, Birmingham. + +Agents for Edinburgh--J. & R. Raines, Leith-Walk. + +Agents for Dublin--J. H. and J. Perry, 27, Pill-lane; and Messrs. +Saunders and Gatchells, Gunpowder Office, 6 and 7, Mountrath-street, +Dublin. + + * * * * * + + + +ABRAHAM ALLPORT, + + + WOOLLEN DRAPER, TAILOR, &c. + + 2, COLMORE ROW, BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + +Clothes of every description made in the first style of Fashion on the +most reasonable Terms, and at the shortest Notice. + + * * * * * + + + +WILLIAM JACKSON & CO., + + + GLASS, LEAD, ZINC, AND OIL MERCHANTS, + + MANUFACTURERS OF + + _COLOURS_, _VARNISHES_, _&c._ + + Sheet Lead, Pig Lead, Lead Pipe, Block Tin, White Lead, + Dry Colours, Oil Paints, Linseed Oil, Boiled Oil, + Tin Pipe, Turpentine, Putty, Sheet Zinc, + Glaziers' Vices, + + MANUFACTURED ZINC GOODS, + + Beer Machines, Water Closets, Lift Pumps, Brass Cocks, and every + Description of Plumbers' Brass Work. + + WAREHOUSE, NO. 1, LITTLE CHARLES-STREET, BIRMINGHAM. + + VARNISH, COLOUR, AND ZINC WORKS, AT ASHTED. + +N.B. Sole Agents for the Whiston Copper Company. (Messrs. Sneyd, +Kinnersley & Co.) + + * * * * * + + + +HATS. + + + 75, HIGH-STREET. + + GOOD + + FASHIONABLE GOSSAMERS + At 4s. 9d. to 10s.; + SUPERFINE SHORT-NAP STUFFS, + Best that can be made, 21s.; + + TO BE HAD AT + WALKER'S + CHEAP HAT DEPOT. + +Also a large assortment of Fashionable CAPS and GRASS HATS for Summer +wear. + + * * * * * + + + +JAMES GRUNDY, + + + MANUFACTURER OF + + GAS & OIL LAMPS, CHANDELIERS, &c. + + IN BRONZE & OR-MOLU. + + GAS FITTINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. + + No. 11, BARTHOLOMEW-STREET, + + _BIRMINGHAM_. + + * * * * * + + + +JOHN GODFREY, + + + WORKING OPTICIAN, SILVERSMITH. &c. + NO. 93, COLESHILL-STREET, + +Begs most respectfully to announce to the Nobility, Gentry, and +Inhabitants of Birmingham and its Vicinity, that he has, in addition to +his Wholesale Establishment, opened a Retail Shop as above, for the +purpose of supplying those who may in any way suffer from a defect of +sight, with spectacles suited to their various wants. Having been +practically engaged in the above business for more than forty years, he +trusts that his great experience will enable him to render all the +assistance required, so far as glasses, judiciously applied, are capable +of affording it. + +Spectacles with shades of every description, particularly recommended to +persons travelling, or those who are affected with a weakness in the eye, +as they completely defend that tender organ from the bright glare of the +sun, and are extremely useful either in windy or snowy weather. + +Spectacles in tortoiseshell, silver, or blued steel mountings, set with +either best Brazilian pebbles, or glasses accurately ground. + + Optical Instruments of every Description. + +Spectacles of every description expeditiously and neatly repaired. +Pebbles or Glasses set in a few minutes. + + Every Article supplied on Moderate Terms. + +J. G. hopes that the quality of the various articles supplied by him, +will, upon a fair trial, ensure him the patronage and support of those +who may honour him with their commands. + + * * * * * + + + +CAPTAIN HOSKINS, + + + IMPORTER OF + + FOREIGN WINES AND SPIRITS, + + LOWER TEMPLE-STREET, + + (Corner of New-street,) + + BIRMINGHAM. + + IMPORTER OF LIQUEURS. + + * * * * * + + + +TEETH. + + + * * * * * + + MR. E. JONES, + + DENTIST, + + NO. 9, EASY ROW, BIRMINGHAM, + + Six Years Assistant with Mr. ANDREW CLARK, of Brook-street, + Bond-street, London, + +Begs to say he will continue to supply ARTIFICIAL TEETH upon the same +principle as Mr. A. Clark, and the only one that will ensure ease, +articulation, and mastication. + +E. G., having undertaken several cases that had been refused by other +Dentists as impracticable, can give the most satisfactory References as +to the beneficial results of his Practice. + + EVERY OPERATION IN + + DENTAL SURGERY, + + Performed on the most moderate Terms. + + * * * * * + + + +PERMANENT ELASTIC SPRING HYGEIAN BEDS, +CARRIAGE, GIG, SOFA, AND CHAIR SEATS, + + + Patronised by Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent. + + * * * * * + + RICHARD FARMER, + Manufacturer, + +With the greatest deference submits to the attention of his Friends and +the Public the subjoined Documents, as flattering Testimonies of the high +estimation in which the above very superior and much approved Articles +are held:-- + +_From_ SIR JOHN CONROY, _Secretary to_ HER ROYAL HIGHNESS + + THE DUCHESS OF KENT. + + "Sir John Conroy is honoured with the DUCHESS OF KENT'S command to + acquaint Mr. Farmer, that he has permission to use Her Royal + Highness's Name and Arms, as Manufacturer of Permanent Elastic Spring + Hygeian Beds to Her Royal Highness. + + "Malvern, Sept. 13, 1830." + + "Sir John Conroy is to acknowledge the receipt of the Bed and + Mattress of Mr. R. Farmer's invention, which he has made for the + PRINCESS VICTORIA; and Sir John is commanded by the DUCHESS OF KENT + to express Her Royal Highness's highest approval of the principle of + his Mattresses, Cushions, &c. + + "Kensington Palace, Dec. 17, 1830. + + "_Mr. Richard Farmer_, _&c. &c._" + +_From_ CONGREVE SELWYN, Esq. _Surgeon of the Ledbury Dispensary_. + + "Mr. CONGREVE SELWYN, Surgeon of the Ledbury Dispensary, begs to + offer his Testimony of the value of Mr. Farmer's invention of his + Elastic Mattresses and Cushions. The one he has sent to Mr. Selwyn + answers all the purposes for an Invalid, and is particularly + serviceable where the patient suffers from hectic fever and night + perspirations. + + "Ledbury, May 2, 1834. + + "_Mr. Richard Farmer_, _&c. &c._" + + _From_ SIR WILLIAM B. CAVE, Bart. + + "Stretton, Atherstone, July 22, 1835. + + "Sir WM. B. CAVE has much satisfaction in informing Mr. Richard + Farmer, that the Elastic Steel Spring Bed which he purchased from Mr. + F. has fully answered every expectation he had formed of it. Sir. W. + C. lay upon it for five months without ever being able to be moved in + the least from it, and for the last six months has not been removed + from it for more than two hours at a time, and it is now as perfect + in the elasticity and strength of the springs as when he received it + from Mr. Farmer. Sir W. Cave's weight is sixteen stone and upwards. + Dr. Palmer, of Birmingham, who has been in the habit of attending Sir + W. Cave for many years, gave it as his opinion, that had he been + lying on a bed of any other description, the consequences would have + been very serious. + + "_Mr. Richard Farmer_, _&c. &c._" + + * * * * * + +Carpets, Paper Hangings, Oil-Cloths, Druggets, Crumb Cloths, +Double-stoved Feathers, &c. &c.--Upholstery and General Cabinet Business. + +>> 11, NEW-STREET, (opposite the Hen & Chickens Hotel,) and 30, BATH ROW, +BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + + +GEORGE RICHMOND COLLIS, + + + _Late Sir EDWARD THOMASON'S Manufactory_, + + CHURCH-STREET, BIRMINGHAM. + +Manufacturer of Articles in the highest classes of the Arts, in Gold, +Silver, Plated, Bronze, and Or-Molu. In this Establishment is +manufactured Gold and Silver Plate, including Racing Cups, Dinner and Tea +Services, of various Patterns: COMMUNION PLATE and PRESENTATION PLATE, +made to descriptions given, or if required, a variety of elegant Designs +furnished for approval: Silver-mounted Plated Wares of every +denomination; Plated Cutlery upon Steel: Cut Glass, Or-Molu, Candelabra +and Lamps: Manufacturer of Medals in great variety adapted for Societies +and Institutions. Amongst the numerous series of Dies are the celebrated +Dassier Dies of the Kings of England: The Mudie Dies for the series of +grand National Medals, commemorative of the Victories of the late War: +Forty-eight Dies for Medals of the ELGIN Marbles. Also SIR EDWARD +THOMASON'S Splendid Series of One Hundred and Twenty large Medal Dies +Illustrative of the HOLY SCRIPTURES, and a series of sixteen Medals upon +Science and Philosophy, for Societies: Livery Button Dies cut, and the +Buttons made. Numerous Patent Mechanical Inventions in the Metals, and +Papier Machee: Brass and Bronze Staircases: manufacturer of fine Gold +Jewellery of the most splendid descriptions: Dealer in Diamonds, Pearls, +and fine Gems: Diamond Suits made to order, and altered to the present +Style, or if required, purchased, and payment, full value, in cash: +English and Foreign Money exchanged; Old Gold and Silver Articles +reworked as new, or purchased. Manufacturer of Sportsmen's fine Fowling +Pieces upon an improved principle. Duelling Pistols, Rifles, Air Guns and +Canes, and Guns of every variety for Exportation. + +These extensive Show Rooms and MANUFACTORY, are situate in CHURCH-STREET, +in the centre of the Town, adjoining St. Philip's Church Yard. The Ware +Rooms contain the Finished Articles for sale, and are open to all persons +of respectability. + +The FAC-SIMILE of the celebrated WARWICK VASE, of upwards of 21 feet in +circumference, was made in metallic Bronze at this Manufactory. The +Copper Bronze STATUE OF HIS LATE MAJESTY, GEORGE THE FOURTH, upwards of 6 +feet in height, was modelled, cast, and sculptured at this Establishment: +as also a SHIELD in honour of the DUKE OF WELLINGTON'S VICTORIES. These +and numerous other Works are stationed in separate Rooms to exhibit the +progress of British Art. + +Servants are appointed to conduct Visiters over the different Workshops, +to whom and to the Work-people the Visiter is requested to abstain from +giving any gratuity. + +N.B. Mr. George Richmond Collis is Vice Consul for France, Russia, Spain, +Portugal, and Turkey, with the privilege of granting Passports to Persons +visiting France and its Dominions. + +Strangers of Respectability are permitted to view the Show Rooms and +Manufactory. + + * * * * * + + + +THOMAS & JAMES UPFILL, + + + IRON AND STEEL MERCHANTS, + + 157, GREAT CHARLES-STREET, + + BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + MANUFACTURERS OF + + WROUGHT AND CAST IRON + + GATES, PARK FENCING, + + _HURDLES_, + + INVISIBLE WIRE FENCE, HAIR FENCE, + + RACKS, MANGERS, CHAINS, + + NAILS, BOOK CASES, TIN, IRON + ARMS, &c. + + * * * * * + + + +THORNTON AND SON, +WHOLESALE IRONMONGERS, + + + MANUFACTURERS OF + + WROUGHT IRON AND PRESSED RIVETED + HINGES, + + CUT NAILS, + +Wood, Bed, and Machinery Screws, of every description; Iron Rim and +Mortice Locks, Sash Pulleys, Iron Bolts, Cast Butt Hinges, Norfolk and +Thumb Latches, &c. &c. + + _BRADFORD-STREET_, _BIRMINGHAM_. + + * * * * * + +>> Redman's Patent Rising Joint and Swing Hinges, Trough and Centre +Hinges of every kind. + + * * * * * + + + +F. KNIBB'S + + + COMMERCIAL + + BOARDING ESTABLISHMENT, + + 15, BOLD-STREET, + + (Two Doors above the Palatine Club House,) + + LIVERPOOL. + +The situation is central, and without exception the pleasantest of any +establishment of the kind in Liverpool. The rooms are large and airy, and +no attention will be spared to render this establishment deserving the +patronage of Commercial Gentlemen and Families. + + * * * * * + + + +W. FLETCHER, + + + MANUFACTURER OF + + _LAMPS_, _CANDLESTICKS_, + + LUSTRES, INKSTANDS, VASES, + + And all kinds of Ornaments in Bronze and Or-molu, + + 31, + + LOVEDAY-STREET, BIRMINGHAM. + +Manufacturer of Japanned Wood and Papier Mache Cruet, Liquor, and Pickle +Frames; Papier Mache and Metallic Miniature Frames, &c. + +AGENT IN LONDON--C. JEPSON, 29, Thavies Inn, Lower Holborn. + + * * * * * + + + +NOW READY, PART I. + + + (_To be completed in two Parts_, _demy_ 12_mo._, _price_ 17_s._) + + THE + LAW AND PRACTICE + RELATING TO + LANDLORDS AND TENANTS: + COMPRISING + +The most approved modern Precedents, alphabetically arranged under +distinct and separate heads, with Notes, Illustrations, and Cases; to +which is prefixed a concise Treatise on the nature of Estates in general, +in accordance with the recent statutes relating to real property. The +whole adapted for the use of attorneys and solicitors; also landlords, +tenants, farmers, stewards, agents, and others concerned in the +management, sale, or letting of estates. BY R. SHIPMAN, Esq., Editor of +"Jones's Attorney's Pocket Book," and Author of the "Attorney's New +Pocket Book, Notary's Manual, and Conveyancer's Assistant." + +London: S. SWEET, 3, Chancery Lane; and J. DRAKE, 52, New-street, +Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + Also Ready, royal 12mo, price 7s. + + A STEPPING STONE + TO THE + LAW OF REAL PROPERTY: + BEING AN + Elementary Treatise on the Statute of Uses. + + By HENRY SMYTHIES. + +London: S. SWEET, 3, Chancery Lane; and J. DRAKE, 52, New-street, +Birmingham. + + * * * * * + + SHORTLY WILL BE PUBLISHED, BY J. DRAKE, + + _And sold by the Agents for this Work_, _and all Booksellers_, + Dedicated by Permission to the Chairman and Directors of the London and + Birmingham Railway, + + DRAKE'S ROAD BOOK, + + OF THE + + LONDON AND BIRMINGHAM RAILWAY, + +With _Views on the Line_, from Drawings by HENRY HARRIS; and a new and +beautifully engraved coloured MAP of the entire Route, extending many +miles on each side of the line. + +*** To be completed in about five Parts, at 1_s._ per Part; a few copies +on India Paper at 1_s._ 6_d._ per Part. + + * * * * * + + JUST PUBLISHED, + + DRAKE'S + RAILROAD MAPS + OF THE ENTIRE LINE OF ROUTE + FROM + LONDON TO LIVERPOOL AND + MANCHESTER, + + BEAUTIFULLY ENGRAVED AND COLOURED, + + AND EXTENDING MANY MILES ON EACH SIDE OF THE LINE: + +Ornamented with views of the Euston Grove Station, in London, and a +complete Train of Carriages. With the Rules, Regulations, Fares, Times of +Outset and Arrival of the Trains at the various Stations; together with +all requisite Information for Travellers. + + _Price_, _on Canvass_, _in a Case for the Pocket_, 2_s._ + +*** The Maps of the London and Birmingham and Grand Junction Railways +sold separately, done up in a similar manner, at 1_s._ 6_d._ each. On a +sheet, Coloured, 9_d._--Plain, 6_d._ each. + + "MR. DRAKE, of New-street, has just published in a neat pocket case, + two well-engraved and coloured Maps of the London and Birmingham and + Grand Junction Railways. Each Map describes not only the course of + the line and a section of its gradients, but the geographical + position of various places for many miles on either side. There are + also annexed complete tables of fares and distances, the rules to be + observed by travellers, the modes of conveyance to and from the + hotels and inns to the stations on the line, with the regulations for + luggage, merchandise, &c. These maps and accompanying tables + comprise much information in a small compass, which the railway + traveller will have frequent opportunities, on his journey, of making + a practical use of, and turning to good account."--_Midland Counties' + Herald_. + + "MR. DRAKE has just published Maps of the Grand Junction and of the + London and Birmingham Railways, together with tables of distances, + fares, and regulations. The Maps are done up in a case for the + pocket, and will be found very portable as well as + instructive."--_Birmingham Journal_. + + * * * * * + + + +PRINTING OFFICE, + + + LAW STATIONERY, ACCOUNT BOOK, + AND PAPER WAREHOUSE, + + 52, + NEW-STREET, (OPPOSITE THE THEATRE,) + BIRMINGHAM. + + * * * * * + + JAMES DRAKE, + _LAW BOOKSELLER_, _STATIONER_, _AND BINDER_, + +Takes this opportunity of presenting his grateful acknowledgments to the +Profession for their liberal support of his Establishment, and at the +same time he begs to assure them, that every article sold by him will be +found of superior quality and at reasonable prices, and will, he hopes, +induce a continuance of their esteemed favours. + +J. D. takes this opportunity of calling the attention of the Profession +to his LAW STATIONERY BUSINESS, established more than twenty years, and +which is conducted by himself and competent assistants. + + +DEEDS AND WRITINGS + + + Neatly and carefully Engrossed and Copied. + + DRAFTS DRAWN, AND TITLES CAREFULLY ABSTRACTED, + + (FOR THE PROFESSION ONLY). + + Books Plainly and Elegantly Bound by Experienced Workmen. + LAW BOOKS, + + All the New Works kept in stock, or ordered on the shortest Notice, + on the same terms of DISCOUNT as in London. + + LAW REPORTS SUPPLIED. + + BANKRUPTCY & OTHER FORMS, + WRITS, NOTICES, + + FORMS under the new Act for the abolishing Imprisonment for + Debt; also for Justices of the Peace, Highway Act Forms, + Election Forms, &c., kept in Stock. + + *** _Orders from the Country executed with promptness_. + + * * * * * + + BIRMINGHAM: Printed by James Drake, 52, New-street. + + + + +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DRAKE'S ROAD BOOK OF THE GRAND +JUNCTION RAILWAY*** + + +******* This file should be named 43367.txt or 43367.zip ******* + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/3/3/6/43367 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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