initial commit of ebook 43367HEAD main

author: Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> 2025-10-14 18:35:18 -0700
committer: Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> 2025-10-14 18:35:18 -0700
commit: 41a9b5cacf02505959efb9fe4a95f75d1c2d97cc (patch)
tree: 7edca34c8587b9cd5020835544430d339f731a89
58 files changed, 31703 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6833f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* text=auto
+*.txt text
+*.md text
diff --git a/43367-0.txt b/43367-0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8142f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8968 @@
+The Project Gutenberg eBook, Drake's Road Book of the Grand Junction
+Railway, by James Drake
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: Drake's Road Book of the Grand Junction Railway
+       from Birmingham to Liverpool and Manchester
+
+
+Author: James Drake
+
+
+
+Release Date: July 31, 2013  [eBook #43367]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DRAKE'S ROAD BOOK OF THE GRAND
+JUNCTION RAILWAY***
+
+
+This ebook was transcribed by Les Bowler.
+
+[Picture: Vauxhall Station, Grand Junction Railway, Vauxhall, Birmingham]
+
+       DEDICATED BY PERMISSION TO THE CHAIRMAN AND DIRECTORS OF THE
+                     GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+
+
+                                 DRAKE’S
+                                ROAD BOOK
+                                  OF THE
+                          GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY
+
+
+                                   FROM
+                 BIRMINGHAM TO LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER,
+                            ILLUSTRATED BY AN
+                  ACCURATE MAP, AND NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS:
+
+                           To which is appended
+
+                           THE VISITER’S GUIDE
+                                    TO
+                  BIRMINGHAM, LIVERPOOL, AND MANCHESTER.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                                  TO THE
+
+                          CHAIRMAN AND DIRECTORS
+
+                                  OF THE
+
+                     GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY,
+
+                                   THIS
+
+                              Second Edition
+
+                                    OF
+
+                              THE ROAD BOOK,
+
+                                   IS,
+
+                  BY PERMISSION, RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED,
+
+                                  BY THE
+
+                                                     AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER.
+
+
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENT
+TO THE
+SECOND EDITION.
+
+
+THE courteous reception given to the First Edition of the Grand Junction
+Road Book, and the substantial proofs of approbation which a rapid sale
+has afforded, render it a duty as proper as it is pleasant, for the
+Author and Publisher to return their joint thanks for the liberal
+patronage already bestowed on their work; and to engage a continuance of
+the same, by their assurances that in the present edition every possible
+improvement has been carefully effected in its various departments.
+Spirited wood and steel engravings {v} of the most important spots on the
+line have been introduced, and much new and interesting matter supplied.
+The whole of the information concerning fares, regulations, stations, and
+accommodation in towns on the route, has been recast, corrected, and
+enlarged; and a brief but comprehensive directory added, under the head
+of “VISITER’S GUIDE,” page 97, containing lists of public buildings;
+institutions of all kinds; places of worship of all denominations, with
+names of the officiating ministers; principal show rooms and
+manufactories; times of arrival and departure of mails at the post
+office; hackney coach fares; bankers, inns, boarding houses, omnibus
+offices, newspapers, canal conveyances, waggon warehouses, packets, &c.,
+&c., for Birmingham, Manchester, and Liverpool.  The exceeding utility of
+this new division of the volume will be obvious to every one.  The Map
+has also been revised, and greatly improved; and the “GRAND JUNCTION ROAD
+BOOK” again makes its bow to the public, in full expectation that its old
+fame and new merits will be rightly appreciated.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+_Birmingham_, _September_ 1, 1838.
+
+
+
+
+SONNET
+BY WORDSWORTH,
+ON
+STEAM BOATS, VIADUCTS, AND RAILWAYS.
+
+
+    MOTIONS and means, on land and sea at war
+    With old poetic feeling; not for this,
+    Shall ye, by Poets even, be judged amiss!
+    Nor shall your presence, howsoe’er it mar
+    The loveliness of nature, prove a bar
+    To the mind’s gaining that prophetic sense
+    Of future change that point of vision, whence
+    May be discover’d what in soul ye are.
+    In spite of all that beauty may disown
+    In your harsh features, Nature doth embrace
+    Her lawful offspring in Man’s art; and Time,
+    Pleased with your triumphs o’er his brother Space,
+    Accepts from your bold hands the proffer’d crown
+    Of hope, and smiles on you with cheer sublime.
+
+        [Picture: Map of the route of the Grand Junction Railway]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+BIRMINGHAM.
+
+
+NAME—HISTORY—MANUFACTURES—PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS, &c., &c.
+
+OUR native town of BIRMINGHAM, of whose celebrity and importance we are
+justly proud, demands our first attention in this our Itinerary; although
+the numerous publications which give more circumstantial particulars
+respecting it than the brief limits of the present work will admit,
+render it an unnecessary task here to occupy many pages with our notice.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+In our after topography and history of towns on the “Grand Junction”
+line, we shall have occasion to allude to their several claims to the
+honours of “hoar antiquity;” but none it would appear can boast of more
+remote fame than our own brave old town of Birmingham, or, as it has been
+variously written, _Bromycham_, _Bremecham_, _Bermyngham_, and
+_Bromnsycham_, the etymology of which terms have served to puzzle the
+learned in such lore for years gone by, and will do for years to come.
+What never can be positively settled, always proves a most fascinating
+subject for argument.  Mr. Hutton, the antiquary, imagines the derivation
+to be this: _wich_, or _wick_, being used to signify a town or village,
+and _brom_, from the _broom_ growing in the vicinity.  But we must leave
+the subject for more voluminous writers.  The late Mr. Hamper, our
+especial antiquary, traced the orthography through no less than _one
+hundred and forty_ variations.  In proof of Birmingham being a place of
+no very recent creation, the prodigious accumulation of scoria produced
+by the smelting of iron, at Aston furnace, may be referred to; as also
+the great number of exhausted coal mines, on a large common within a few
+miles, called Wednesbury Old Field.  Both these must have been the work
+of many centuries, as is proved by the fact, that in the former, the mass
+of scoria has not perceptibly increased within the memory of that
+remarkable individual, “the oldest inhabitant,” though constantly
+receiving additions.  It appears that the Britons were acquainted with
+the use and manufacture of iron previously to the Roman conquest, as they
+are described with chariots armed with scythes.  It requires no very
+great stretch of imagination to suppose Birmingham (the _Bremenium_ of
+the Romans) to have been a chief station for the fabrication of such
+weapons.  In Doomsday Book, “_Bermengeham_” is noticed; and the manor and
+lordship were held by the De Birmingham family and their ancestors,
+during the reigns from Henry I. to Henry VIII., when John Dudley,
+afterwards Duke of Northumberland, being in possession of Dudley, and
+desirous of adding to it the manor of Birmingham, contrived, by a series
+of villanous artifices and perjury, to wrest it from Edward de
+Birmingham, and add it to his own possessions.  On the attainder and
+execution of the duke, in the reign of Mary, the manor escheated to the
+crown; and in 1643 a descendant of the family, through the female line,
+was raised to the peerage, by the title of Baron Ward, of Birmingham,
+changed afterwards to Viscount Dudley and Ward, and Earl of Dudley.  The
+remains of the ancient manor house have long been removed to make way for
+improvements; its former name, “The Moat,” (now called Smithfield,) and
+two neglected effigies in St. Martin’s church, of a crusader and an
+ecclesiastic of the De Birmingham family, are all that remain to tell of
+their former greatness.  Few historical events seem to have disturbed the
+good people of Birmingham except the civil war of the seventeenth
+century, when they proved themselves staunch adherents to the
+parliamentarians, and did good service to their partizans, against Prince
+Rupert and his troops, at which time some earth works thrown up at
+Bordesley, conferred the name of Camp Hill on a part of it.  The prince
+afterwards set fire to the town, but obligingly desisted from further
+demonstration of such warm regard, on being handsomely bribed to that
+effect.  The riots of 1791 are so frequently brought to the minds of our
+town’s people by present allusions, that it needs not to dwell here on
+the disgraceful theme.  Turning to a pleasanter topic, we will briefly
+glance at the manufactures which made an anonymous poet formerly
+exclaim,—
+
+    “Europe’s grand toy-shop, art’s exhaustless mine—
+    These, and more titles, Birmingham, are thine.”
+
+It is amusing to look back to the condition of Birmingham in Leland’s
+time, (Henry VIII.,) who describes it as inhabited only “by smithes that
+use to make knives and all manner of cutting tools, and lorimers that
+make bittes, and a great many nailors.”  Camden, in the reign of
+Elizabeth, speaks of it as “swarming with inhabitants, and echoing with
+the noise of anvils; but the upper part rising with abundance of handsome
+buildings;” and his continuator, Bishop Gibson, in the reign of Anne,
+mentions “its artificers in iron and steel, whose performances in that
+way are greatly admired both at home and abroad.”  Prior to the
+restoration of Charles II. the town only consisted of one long street,
+extending from the hamlet of Deritend to the present Bull-street, and
+contained barely 5,000 inhabitants.  _Now_, the probably correct amount
+would stand thus: streets, 340; houses, 22,000; population, 200,000.
+Birmingham was created a borough by the Reform Bill, and sends two
+members to parliament.  The honours of a mayor and corporation are now
+added to its civil dignities.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Among the almost innumerable branches of trade and manufacture at present
+carried on, are light and heavy steel goods, (here called toys,) brass
+and iron foundery, sadlery, military accoutrements, fire-arms, swords and
+cutlery of various kinds; jewellery, gold, silver, and plated goods;
+buttons, medals, japannery; gilt, silver, ivory, bone, and other toys;
+glass, wood-turnery, metal-rolling, tools and implements of all kinds;
+mill machinery of all sorts, and steam engines on every known principle.
+Casting, modelling, die-sinking, engraving, and other processes connected
+with the various manufactures have been brought to the greatest
+perfection; also the cutting of glass, of which there are many brilliant
+specimens in the show-rooms of the town, especially those of Messrs.
+Rollason, Price, Henderson, Mrs. Bedford’s, &c.  The great establishment
+at the Soho, near Birmingham, is intimately connected with its
+manufacturing interests, as under the superintendence of Messrs. Boulton
+and Watt, great improvements were effected in all kinds of machinery, and
+the power of steam applied to every mechanical purpose.  From their
+ingenious coining mill, the greater part of the copper money of George
+III. was issued.  Mr. Boulton died in 1809, aged eighty-one, and Mr. Watt
+in 1819, aged eighty-three.  They were both interred in Handsworth
+church, where a marble bust commemorates the former, and a statue, by
+Chantrey, the latter.
+
+    In the magnificent show-rooms of Mr. G. R. Collis in Church-street,
+    (formerly Sir E. Thomason’s,) splendid specimens of the chief native
+    manufactures are collected, and their mode of manufacture shown to
+    all respectable visitors.  Mr. Phipson’s pin manufactory, which in
+    this seemingly small article employs so great a number as one
+    thousand persons, is another large establishment; and the articles of
+    oriental gorgeousness and diversity, displayed by Messrs. Jennens and
+    Betteridge, at their japanned ware and papier maché manufactory, in
+    Constitution-hill, are full of brilliant designs and adornment.  The
+    show-rooms of Messrs. Mapplebeck and Lowe, Osborne, and others,
+    contain a great variety of hardware and cutlery.
+
+Of ponderous machinery, none perhaps is more interesting than that of the
+metal rolling mills; there is positive grandeur in the great power
+employed, and the accuracy with which it is adjusted to the end required.
+The button manufacture is a principal source of wealth to the town, and
+many of its chief families may trace back their origin (their
+_honourable_ origin—far more truly honourable than the anxiety
+occasionally shown by present full-blown importance to disguise it) to a
+humble fabricator of these small and indispensable articles.  They are
+made of all kinds and descriptions, to suit all markets; as were buckles
+likewise, some years since; but fashion, that mighty revolutionist, has
+driven them from their once prominent station in the toilet of the
+exquisite of former days; and knees and shoes, and dainty spangled and
+high heeled slippers, fit for feminine feet, have all laid by the buckles
+which used to glitter in cut steel and silver delicately worked, or set
+with brilliants; and of so comely dimensions, as well nigh to cover the
+pretty insteps of our grandmothers.  As a source of great wealth to our
+native town, we must regret the abolition of ornamental buckles.  Steel
+tools, and lighter, tasteful articles, form another great branch.  The
+first steel-house, or factory, gave the name “Steelhouse-lane” to the
+street.  Guns were first made in the reign of William III., and in times
+of war have constituted an important part of our trade.  Silver, brass,
+and iron are all wrought to a great extent, in every known variety of
+manufacture.  To enumerate _all_ the productions of Birmingham were
+nearly an impossible task, had we space; as it is, we must rest here, and
+proceed to notice a few of the chief buildings and institutions which
+would attract the observation of a stranger.
+
+                     [Picture: Birmingham Town Hall]
+
+First, of the first class, ranks our noble and magnificent Town Hall, in
+Paradise-street, a Grecian temple of the Corinthian order, standing on a
+rustic basement, and built of marble from Anglesea.  It is of recent
+erection; from the design, and under the direction of Mr. J. Hansom, of
+Hinckley, and contains a splendid hall, 140 feet long, by 65 feet wide,
+and 65 feet high, adapted for great public meetings, and for the
+performances of music at the Triennial Festivals; {7} it also contains
+spacious saloons, committee rooms, etc.  Its organ is the finest in the
+kingdom.  The new Free Grammar School, in New-street, is a large and
+handsome building, in the Gothic style, from a design by Mr. Barry, of
+London.  The exhibition rooms of the Birmingham Society of Arts,
+New-street, form a handsome building, admirably adapted for the purpose;
+and the annual exhibition, of ancient and modern masters, is inferior to
+no provincial one.  Another spacious suite of rooms was erected a few
+years since, by a dissentient party of the artists; but, having returned
+to the parent institution, their gallery since has been occupied by the
+highly interesting, valuable, and well-arranged Museum of Natural
+History, collected by Mr. Weaver, in the various branches of geology,
+ornithology, entomology, mineralogy, conchology, &c.  The Royal School of
+Medicine and Surgery, in Paradise-street, have now purchased this
+splendid collection, which, joined to the one they already possess, will
+form one of the finest Museums in the provinces.  It is liberally
+supported and patronised by the neighbouring nobility and county
+families.  The General Hospital, Blue Coat School, Dispensary, and
+Asylums, are worthy of all praise for their essential utility as
+charities.  The former is mainly supported by the proceeds of the
+Triennial Festivals; the others by liberal subscriptions, with which the
+inhabitants of Birmingham appear ever ready to increase the usefulness of
+charities having for their end the alleviation of misery, in whatever
+form it exists.  The new Market Hall, extending from the Bull-ring to
+Worcester-street, is a spacious and commodious building, though the
+internal arrangement might be greatly improved, by a little more
+attention to order and neatness on the part of the various trades-people
+who have stalls there.  The market having formerly been held in the open
+street, may, in some degree, account for this.  Nearly opposite the hall
+stands a statue of Lord Nelson, by Westmacott, with a miniature
+man-of-war beside him, on a pedestal surrounded by an iron rail and
+lamps.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The Churches most remarkable for architectural beauty, are, St. Philip’s,
+in the Doric style, with a graceful tower and cupola: Trinity Church,
+Bordesley, designed by Mr. F. Goodwin, much in the style of King’s
+College Chapel, Cambridge; it is a fine example of the Ecclesiastical
+Gothic: St. George’s, also Gothic, but of far inferior beauty; St.
+Martin’s, which _has_ been a fine old edifice, with a tapering spire, but
+is now disfigured by a brick shell: St. Paul’s, Christ Church, St.
+Thomas’s, St. Peter’s, St. Bartholomew’s, St. Mary’s, All Saints’, and
+others are of less striking appearance.  Many of the dissenting
+congregations have handsome and spacious meeting-houses and chapels,
+particularly the Catholic Chapels; Unitarian Meeting-houses; Independent
+Meeting-house, Carr’s-lane; Mount Zion Chapel; Scottish Kirk, &c.
+Schools are connected with all, and with the numerous National,
+Lancasterian, Infant, and other schools, combine in distributing
+knowledge, in however a small degree as yet, among the useful and
+industrious classes.  The excellent school for the instruction of Deaf
+and Dumb children is pleasantly situated at Edgbaston: there are also
+various Asylums for the young, the helpless, and the immoral (repentant,
+of course).
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The Old Library, in Union-street, contains a valuable collection of
+40,000 volumes, and commodious reading rooms.  The New Library, in
+Temple-row, is a more recent and smaller establishment.  Divers
+conglomerations of novels, called “Circulating Libraries,” also exist for
+the benefit of the sentimental.  The Philosophical Institution has a
+convenient Lecture-Theatre and Museum in Cannon-street, with a resident
+Curator.  Subscribers have the privilege of introducing strangers to the
+lectures.  The members of the Mechanics’ Institution at present have
+lectures in the same building, until the erection of one suitable for
+them.  Strangers are admitted to the Mechanics’ lectures on payment of
+one shilling.  The Botanical and Horticultural Society have extensive
+gardens and conservatories at Edgbaston, situated on rising ground, and
+commanding a beautiful and richly-wooded expanse of scenery.  The
+exhibitions of plants, fruits, &c., when a brilliant company generally
+assembles, are scenes of great gaiety.
+
+    The Conservatories and Greenhouses, are the erection of Mr. T. Clark,
+    of Lionel-street, Birmingham, whose manufactory for Metallic
+    Hothouses, &c., is very extensive.
+
+A Cemetery has been recently laid out and planted on the north side of
+the town, at Key Hill, where a large excavation in a hill of gravel
+renders the spot striking and even picturesque: a neat Chapel is erected
+for the performance of the funeral service.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+In 1813 an Act of Parliament was obtained for the erection of a Proof
+House for all fire-arms made in the town, which are subjected to a very
+severe test.  The hall and other premises are in Banbury-street, and have
+quite a military and formidable appearance.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The News Room, on Bennett’s-hill, and the different banking
+establishments, are handsome buildings, many of them of considerable
+architectural beauty.  The Theatre is large, and inferior to few out of
+the metropolis, though the indifferent encouragement given to the drama
+in Birmingham, causes it to be comparatively but little used.  It is
+capable of accommodating 2,500 persons, and contains to the front, a
+suite of Assembly Rooms, Billiard and Coffee Rooms, &c.  There were
+formerly two smaller theatres, and an amphitheatre for equestrian
+performances, all three of which have been converted from their dissolute
+ways, and become pious and holy conventicles for divine worship.
+Temporary amphitheatres have frequently been erected since, and a
+permanent one is in progress.  For more circumstantial particulars and
+descriptions of these and other edifices, we must refer our readers to
+the “Picture of Birmingham,” {11} or other more lengthy histories.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The environs of the town, especially Edgbaston and Harborne, contain many
+tasteful residences, erected by the wealthier merchants and tradesmen;
+whose pretty suburban villas have all gardens and pleasure grounds
+attached.  In the neighbourhood of Birmingham are many fine old houses,
+or halls, as they are called, well deserving of a visit from the
+antiquary or artist; and the far famed glories of Warwick, Kenilworth,
+Shakespeare-sainted Stratford, Guy’s Cliff, and other places of renown,
+are within a short drive.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+In this brief survey of the past and present condition of Birmingham, it
+will be seen how rapidly its greatness and importance have been achieved
+by the perseverance, spirit, and ingenuity of its inhabitants.  We may
+expect as rapid, and almost as great improvements from the additional
+consequence and advantages it will receive from the great works now
+nearly completed.  The finished line of railway from London to Liverpool
+through this place, may, with confidence, be looked to as another great
+era in its history, from whence to date still increasing wealth, power,
+and intelligence.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+ROUTE.
+BIRMINGHAM TO WOLVERHAMPTON,
+Fourteen Miles.
+
+
+BIRMINGHAM AND VAUXHALL STATION.
+
+
+             Distance to Liverpool and Manchester, 97¼ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+          *** Those printed in small capitals are market towns.
+
+  _Places W. of Station_.        _Places E. of Station_.
+Edgbaston          2½ miles.  Erdington             3 miles.
+Harborne                 4 —  Castle Bromwich           4½ —
+HALESOWEN               8½ —  SUTTON COLDFIELD          6½ —
+STOURBRIDGE            12½ —  Water Orton               6½ —
+                              Curdworth                 7½ —
+                              COLESHILL                 8½ —
+                              Wishaw                     9 —
+                              Middleton                 9½ —
+                              Drayton Bassett          11½ —
+                              TAMWORTH                  13 —
+
+THE Birmingham Station of the Grand Junction railway, closely adjoins
+that of the London and Birmingham, which greatly facilitates the
+arrangements of travellers proceeding along the entire line.  Until the
+completion of the permanent buildings, those at Vauxhall have been
+temporarily used.  To a stranger coming into the station-yard for the
+first time, the whole scene is one of great novelty: the long train of
+treble-bodied coaches, waiting under a broad covered way for passengers
+and baggage; the bustle and animation of the host of porters, guards,
+conductors, &c.; the amazement depicted on some of the faces of the
+lookers-on; the state of “intellectual complication” evinced by others,
+especially those who, having various items of property to convey with
+them, are tremblingly solicitous for the welfare of sundry “red-striped
+carpet bags, trunks with wrappering over,” bandboxes which will be ruined
+by a drop of rain, and fish-baskets which have a mortal antipathy to be
+squeezed.  Other important-looking passengers make up their minds to take
+things as a matter of course, and not betray any vulgar surprise; and
+from their extremely over-done _nonchalance_, would fain persuade you
+they had made a journey round the globe in a first-rate train, and
+reached the antipodes by a tunnel.  These valiant and adventurous
+individuals are by far the severest sufferers by the anti-cigar-act,
+passed by the Company, for which the unsmoking part of the community,
+especially the fair sex, are greatly indebted.  The traveller may refer
+to the company’s regulations at full, in the appendix at the end of this
+volume.  Supposing all preliminaries adjusted, we commence our journey.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Passing the station at Vauxhall, (closely adjoining to which are Vauxhall
+Gardens,) the railroad proceeds by Duddeston, and passes over the
+Coleshill road near Saltley Chapel, a small pigeon-house like edifice to
+the E. of the line.  Aston Church soon appears on the W., above the rich
+woods surrounding it; and the high chimney of the Birmingham Water Works
+(lately established to supply the town) is passed on the E.  The steam
+engines, Hercules and Atlas, erected here for pumping the water from the
+reservoir, into the pipes for conveyance to Birmingham, are perhaps the
+grandest and most perfect of their kind ever fabricated.  Yardley Village
+and Perry Barr form the distant view.  The railroad now passes over the
+Aston embankment, and a viaduct of ten arches, beneath which runs the
+high road to Sutton, and the Fazeley Canal.  From this point the last
+view is gained of the town of Birmingham, on the W.; and on the E. a
+prospect of Gravelly Hill, now nearly levelled, and the village of
+Erdington.  A short distance onwards the line passes the front of Aston
+Hall, a fine old baronial residence in the Elizabethan style of
+architecture, erected by Sir Thomas Holt in 1620, and in which he
+entertained Charles I. previously to the battle of Edge Hill.  It is
+situated in a fine park, richly ornamented with stately timber of ancient
+growth, and thriving modern plantations.  All the views of this fine old
+mansion are strikingly beautiful; but the one commanded from the railroad
+line, looking up the avenue of lofty elms, (which the line crosses,) is
+the most imposing.
+
+    James Watt, Esq., the present proprietor, has, it is said, expended
+    £10,000 in preventing the line of railroad from passing through his
+    park, which the Company intended it to do; and in consequence of this
+    opposition a great curve appears in the course of the line at this
+    part.  Iron works in the neighbourhood have been in operation from
+    remote antiquity. {14}
+
+                          [Picture: Aston Hall]
+
+The Church, which re-appears at several points of the line, is a
+beautiful and venerable structure, with a fine tapering spire, and
+remarkably musical bells, the sweet tones of which will scarcely reach
+the ears of railroad travellers.  Part of the village of Aston is
+observable from the railroad, and also the grounds and fish-pans of its
+“Tavern,” a spot much frequented by tea (and ale) drinking parties from
+Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+One very agreeable feature of the scenery on the line, is the unspoiled
+freshness and verdure of the ground on either side.  The idea most
+persons entertain respecting such astounding innovations on ancient
+usages as steam carriages and railroads is, that they spread desolation
+around their path, and that the track of a locomotive engine must
+necessarily be as devastating in its effects as that of a lava course.
+We candidly confess to something akin to this suspicion ourselves.  But
+all “Grand Junction” patrons must be gratified to find such expectations
+disappointed so pleasingly in the cheerful aspect of the fields, groves,
+and “little running brooks,” closely bordering the excavations or
+embankments.  Cattle are quietly feeding just on the other side the
+fence, and gay wildflowers already enamel the newly-made banks.
+Sometimes, certainly, a horse or cow may be abruptly interrupted in a
+quiet meditation by the rapid rushing by of a “Centaur” or “Alecto,” with
+its lengthened _tail_ of many ponderous joints; and one accident, very
+singular, if true, occurred lately.  A certain luckless individual of the
+pig family, having too far indulged an imprudent spirit of investigation
+on the Bilston portion of the line, had his curly conclusion very
+summarily amputated by a passing train:—he turned round briskly to
+ascertain the extent of his calamity, when another train, whirling along
+in an opposite direction, coming in contact with his head, put a period
+to the enterprising animal’s existence by an instant decapitation.  We
+might draw a wise and serious moral from this “cutting” event, but the
+fact presents a sufficient warning to all persons inclined to incur the
+penalty of two pounds in sterling coin, and limbs _ad libitum_, for the
+sake of a promenade on the forbidden ground.  “Digression is a sin,”—on
+the defunct pig’s head be ours!  But for his tragic history, we should,
+ere this, have introduced the hill of these parts, Barr Beacon, to our
+readers; it appears to the N.E., crowned with a dense grove of trees.
+The intervening scenery is cheerful and cultivated, but not picturesque.
+The village of Witton shortly appears to the E., with Barr lying on the
+N.E.  The bridge here passed is on the boundary of Warwickshire and
+Staffordshire, which latter county the line now enters.  Aston Hall and
+Church again come in sight beyond Witton, and form a beautiful rear view,
+which is soon shut out by the banks of the excavation, precluding all
+prospect save of their own sloping sides, the pebbles and markings in
+which are made, by the rapidity of passing, to appear like flying lines.
+
+
+
+Perry Barr Station.
+
+
+      Distance to Birmingham, 3½—Liverpool and Manchester, 94 miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+ _Places W. of Station_.       _Places E. of Station_.
+Handsworth          1 mile  Perry                   ¾ mile
+Aston                  1 —  Erdington             2¾ miles
+Smethwick         4¼ miles  SUTTON COLDFIELD           5 —
+                            Little Aston               6 —
+                            Shenstone                 8½ —
+
+                   [Picture: Aston Church and Viaduct]
+
+At this station, the line makes a considerable curve in an opposite
+direction to that hitherto followed, and passes Handsworth, (the church
+appearing among wood on the W.,) also Lea Hall, on the W., and over two
+bridges, named from J. Gough, Esq., through whose estate the line runs
+for two miles.  Pleasant, quiet-looking scenery skirts the road for some
+distance, and about a mile from the last bridge, a view is gained of
+Perry Hall, seat of J. Gough, Esq., nearly encompassed by a grove of oak
+trees.  At Hampstead Bridge, the old Walsall road crosses the line; and
+on either side the prospect is pleasantly varied by wood and water.
+Hampstead Hall, which lies near, is nearly concealed by its rich woods
+from the passers on the railroad.  The line shortly enters a cutting, of
+from sixty to seventy feet deep; emerging from which into the open
+country, West Bromwich, and Sandwell Park, the seat of Earl Dartmouth,
+appear on the W., and Barr on the E.  We now pass
+
+
+
+Newton Road Station.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 6¾—Liverpool and Manchester, 90¾ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+  _Places W. of Station_.       _Place E. of Station_.
+West Bromwich        2 miles  Great Barr        2½ miles
+Oldbury                 3¼ —
+Rowley Regis             5 —
+HALESOWEN               7¼ —
+Cradley                 7¼ —
+The Lye                 8½ —
+
+WEST BROMWICH has rapidly risen to importance from the rich iron and coal
+mines which abound in its vicinity.  The great Gas Works are situated
+here, which supply the chief part of Birmingham, Wednesbury, Dudley,
+Bilston, Darlaston, and other places with gas; the main tubes extending
+to the aggregate length of 150 miles.  There are two handsome churches,
+the one ancient, the other modern.  Population, 15,330.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The site of the present splendid mansion of Sandwell, was, in the reign
+of Henry II., occupied by a priory of Benedictine Monks.  Charley Mount,
+pleasantly situated on a hill, appears W. of the line, Ray Hall and
+Burslem, or Bustleholm Mill, on the E.  Before passing Tame Bridge, Barr
+Beacon again appears, heading the distant view.  Friar Park is on the W.,
+with the town and church of Wednesbury (usually pronounced Wedgebury),
+towering above the trees.  Walsall appears from the same point, lying
+N.E. of the line.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+DUDLEY, a town in the centre of the mining district, lies 5½ miles W. of
+the line.  Population, 23,050.  The ancient castle is a ruin of great
+beauty and interest, situated on an eminence, and surrounded with fine
+wood and beautiful walks.  Stupendous cavern-quarries, canals, and
+labyrinthine excavations, extend under the Castle Hill.  The limestone is
+remarkably rich in fossil treasures; trilobites, or, as they are vulgarly
+called, “Dudley locusts,” have been found here in great variety, but from
+the eagerness of collectors, and the inadequate supply of these ancient
+creatures yielded by the rocks, they have become scarce and costly,
+instead of “not particularly valuable,” as stated by a contemporary
+before alluded to.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+WEDNESBURY is a town of ancient origin, having been fortified against the
+Danes by Ethelfleda, daughter of Alfred the Great, in 916.  Extensive
+collieries enrich the vicinity, and tend greatly to darken the complexion
+of both houses and inhabitants; the workers of the black diamond
+hereabout being a marvellously murky fraternity.  Various manufactures of
+iron are here carried on, and the air is generally redolent of the fumes
+of coal-smoke in no small degree.  The market is on Friday, and fairs May
+6, and August 3.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+WALSALL boasts an equally ancient history with the former place, and was
+fortified by the same princess.  It stands conspicuously on the summit
+and acclivities of a limestone rock, which is crowned by the church, the
+lofty spire of which forms a fine object.  Market on Tuesday; fairs
+September 24, Whit Monday, and Tuesday before Michaelmas day.  Proceeding
+onwards we pass under
+
+
+
+Bescot Bridge Station.
+
+
+      Distance to Birmingham, 9½—Liverpool and Manchester, 88 miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+  _Places W. of Station_.        _Places E. of Station_.
+WEDNESBURY            1 mile  WALSALL               1½ mile
+Tipton               4 miles  Rushall              2½ miles
+DUDLEY                  5½ —  Over Stonnal             6½ —
+Netherton               6¾ —  Lower Stonnal            7½ —
+Brierley Hill           8¼ —  Shenstone                 9 —
+King Swinford           8½ —  LICHFIELD                11 —
+Wordesley               9¼ —
+The Lye                 9¼ —
+STOURBRIDGE             9¾ —
+Old Swinford           10½ —
+
+THE main road from Wednesbury to Walsall crosses this bridge; pass Bescot
+Hall, (Mr. Marshall’s,) on the E., and reach
+
+
+
+James’s Bridge Station.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 10¼—Liverpool and Manchester, 87¼ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+_Places W. of Station_.       _Places E. of
+                                Station_.
+Darlaston         ¾ mile  Walsall        1¾ mile
+Coseley          3 miles
+
+THE high road from Walsall crosses here to DARLASTON, (seen in the
+distance on the W.,) another town in the iron and coal district, and,
+according to tradition, the seat of Wulphere, king of Mercia, who put his
+two sons to death for embracing Christianity.  On the hill at Berry Bank,
+are the remains of a large castle and entrenchments, and near by, a
+Barrow, which it were heresy to doubt were the residence and grave of
+this redoubtable personage.  The chief manufactures of this, as of the
+neighbouring towns, consist of various iron and steel goods.  The whole
+district is abundantly traversed by canals, tram-roads, &c., for the
+convenient conveyance of merchandise, and presents to the passing
+traveller less subject for praise in point of beauty, than for admiration
+and surprise, at the closely-placed engines, mills, coal-pits,
+iron-mines, and factories, which greet him on all sides, with hissing,
+curling volumes of white steam, or thick massy clouds of rolling smoke.
+Should the traveller journey through this strange neighbourhood by night,
+the novel and wild, not to say, grand, effect of the fires, must strike
+him forcibly.  Huge furnaces glowing on the earth, from a dark wayside
+forge; tall chimneys, themselves not seen in the gloom, vomiting forth
+flames and fiery-coloured smoke, or a long range of glowing hillocks,
+where flickering blazes play from the charcoal burning within: add to
+these, the dusky figures of the men and boys employed in the works, and a
+stranger will have a scene before him, in which the “fearsome” is oddly
+enough blended with the grotesque.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+In the distance, S.W. of the line, appear the Rowley Hills, a ridge of
+trap or basaltic rock, which, at the time of its elevation, upheaved and
+broke through the coal strata.  The stone being hard and compact, the
+hills are quarried for paving flags, &c.
+
+    “The principal mass of these (trap rocks) occurs in the southern part
+    of the county, overlying the coal-field which surrounds the town of
+    Dudley.  It there constitutes the material of a group of hills,
+    beginning on the S. of that town, and terminating about half-way
+    between Halesowen and Oldbury, a little beyond the village of Rowley.
+    These hills consist of very pure basalt, which in the neighbourhood
+    of Birmingham is called Rowley rag, because the village of Rowley is
+    situated on one of these basalt hills; and this hill appears to the
+    eye to be the highest of the whole range.  These hills are all
+    covered with soil; but quarries have been opened in many of them, and
+    the basalt of which they are composed is employed for mending the
+    roads.  The streets of Birmingham are likewise paved with it.  The
+    columnar structure, though very frequent, is far from universal in
+    this trap, which very commonly occurs in large spherical masses,
+    decomposing on the surface into concentric layers.  An amygdaloidal
+    variety containing calcareous spar and zeolite occurs S. of Dudley.
+    The highest point of the Rowley Hills is stated by Dr. Thompson to be
+    900 feet above the Thames at Brentford.”—CONYBEARE AND PHILLIPS’S
+    _Geology of England and Wales_.
+
+Passing through a cutting of considerable depth, we arrive at
+
+
+
+Willenhall Station.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 12—Liverpool and Manchester, 85½ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+   _Places W. of Station_.     _Places E. of Station_.
+   Bilston            1½ mile  Bloxwich        3 miles.
+   Sedgley           4¼ miles  Pelsall             4¾ —
+   Lower Gornal          5¾ —
+   Himley                7¼ —
+
+THE small town of Willenhall, at the period of the Norman survey, was
+called _Winehala_, the Saxon term for victory, probably from the great
+battle fought near it in 311.  The village began to flourish in the reign
+of Elizabeth, when the iron manufacture was first established here: at
+present, it is noted for its collieries and flourishing trade in locks,
+and other articles of hardware.  Population, about 5,900.
+
+                      [Picture: Wednesfield Tunnel]
+
+Nothing of particular interest occurs on either side of the line, till,
+in approaching the long Wednesfield tunnel, the geological traveller will
+observe the remarkable section formed by the excavation through the
+outcropping beds of coal, which in this part rise at a great angle
+towards the surface, and are worked in the neighbourhood by open
+cuttings.  The complete change which this abrupt ending of the coal-field
+causes in the aspect of the country is very singular.  On one side all is
+black and murky; on the other, green and bright.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The tunnel is 180 yards in length, and the effect of a long train of
+carriages passing rapidly under, is novel and grand, nor less so the
+appearance of their emerging from the dark archway, to the expectant
+spectators at the
+
+
+
+WOLVERHAMPTON STATION.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 14¼—Liverpool and Manchester, 83¼ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+     _Places W. of Station_.          _Places E. of Station_.
+WOLVERHAMPTON (Town)       1 mile.  Bushbury           1¾ mile.
+Tettenhall                2 miles.  Wednesfield            1¾ —
+Upper Penn                    3½ —
+Codsall                       4½ —
+Wombourne                     5¼ —
+Himley                         6 —
+Trysull                        6 —
+Pattingham                    6½ —
+Albrighton                     7 —
+Donington                     7½ —
+King Swinford                 7½ —
+Bonningale                     8 —
+BRIDGENORTH                   14 —
+SHIFFNAL                      14 —
+
+THE panting and smoking engine, like a huge beast, rushing along with
+fiery jaws, and “such a length of tail behind,” might, in a dark night,
+be easily suspected of being “no canny.”  Divers kinds of vehicles, from
+post-chaises and landaus, to caravans and _omnibii_ (as a refined friend
+of ours pluralizes these universal conveyances) are in attendance at this
+station, to convey passengers to the town of Wolverhampton, one mile
+distant, or to their future destination.
+
+    WOLVERHAMPTON is a place of considerable antiquity, and was called
+    Hanton or Hampton prior to the year 996, when Wulfrana, sister of
+    King Edgar, and widow of Aldhelm, Duke of Northampton, founded a
+    college here, endowing it with so many privileges that the town was
+    called in her honour, _Wulfranis Hampton_, of which its present name
+    is evidently a corruption.  The College continued till the year 1200,
+    when Petrus Blesensis, who was then dean, after fruitless attempts to
+    reform the dissolute lives of the brethren, surrendered the
+    establishment to Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, and it was
+    subsequently annexed to the deanery of Windsor.  In 1590, the greater
+    part of the town was destroyed by a fire, which continued burning for
+    five days.  In the parliamentary war, Wolverhampton aided the
+    royalists, and Prince Rupert fixed his head-quarters here, while the
+    king was encamped at Bushbury.
+
+The town is situated on an eminence, on the N.W. side of the great
+midland coal-district, and the neighbourhood abounds with iron, coal, and
+limestone.  The manufacture of locks, forms here as in the other towns in
+the vicinity, the staple trade, to which may be added, smith’s and
+carpenter’s tools, machinery of all kinds, furnishing ironmongery, &c.
+The modern streets are well-built and lighted, and contain many handsome
+and substantial houses.  A public Subscription Library and News-room,
+occupy the lower part of a commodious building, in which, assemblies and
+concerts are likewise held.  A Literary and Philosophical Society is
+established, but not yet supported in a manner at all proportioned to its
+merits; a circumstance not reflecting much honour on the professedly
+intelligent and “higher” classes of the inhabitants.  The Mechanics’
+Institution is in a more flourishing condition, for obvious reasons,
+being patronized by the more knowledge-loving part of the community.  The
+Theatre is opened occasionally; it is a small and unpretending structure.
+Races are annually held in August, in an extensive area near the town,
+and are well attended.  In the centre of the market-place stands a
+cast-iron column, forty-five feet high, surmounted by a large gas
+lantern, which was intended by its sanguine projector to enlighten the
+whole town and suburbs, but, alas for the great designs of short-sighted
+humanity!—its sphere of usefulness is unfortunately restricted to the
+attic and chamber windows of the houses immediately contiguous.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The Collegiate Church is an ancient and exceedingly beautiful cruciform
+structure, in the early decorated style of architecture, with a handsome
+square embattled tower rising from the centre.  It contains a curious and
+elaborately-carved stone pulpit, formed of one entire block, an ancient
+font, and several interesting monuments.  In the church-yard is a column,
+twenty feet high, greatly enriched with sculpture of various designs,
+supposed to be of either Saxon or Danish origin.  There are several other
+churches in Wolverhampton, and many religious establishments belonging to
+various sects of dissenters; also a Free Grammar School, Blue Coat
+Charity, National, Sunday, and other Schools.  The population of
+Wolverhampton is about 25,000; it has a market on Wednesday, and a fair
+on July 10.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+WOLVERHAMPTON TO STAFFORD,
+Fifteen Miles.
+
+
+                   [Picture: Bushbury Hill and Church]
+
+ON quitting the station at Wolverhampton a good view is obtained of the
+town and fine old Church, with the hills of Rowley Regis in the distance.
+Tettenhall Wood and the Clee Hills soon add to the beauty of the
+southward view; and the line is skirted by fine trees and fresh verdant
+meadows, over which a peep of the distant landscape is gained at
+intervals.  Show Hill, and Low Hill houses are pleasantly situated on the
+ridge of a hill to the E., and beyond them appears Bushbury Hill, a point
+of the same elevation, with its old village Church, built about 1460;
+this is perhaps the most pleasing part of the line we have yet traversed.
+The Wrekin appears in the distance to the W., and nearer, the lofty and
+tapering spire of Brewood (or Brood) Church, rises from its girdling
+woods.  Moseley Court, the ancient seat of J. G. Whitgreave, Esq., lies
+E. of the line, whence but little of the house is visible, being
+surrounded by stately oak groves.  In this venerable mansion, Charles II.
+was temporarily concealed, when on his way to Bentley.  Wrottesley Park,
+seat of Sir John Wrottesley, Bart., Chillington Park and Hall, the noble
+residence of T. W. Giffard, Esq., and the village of Codsall, form
+portions of the scenery to the S.W.  All this part of the line from
+Wolverhampton is on an embankment, which, however, does not exceed
+fifteen feet at the highest point.  On the E. appears Hilton Park, seat
+of H. E. C. V. Graham, Esq., and on the W., Pendeford Hall.  The villages
+of Shareshill and Featherstone, lie E. of the line.  A bridge here
+crosses it, bearing the felicitous name of “Paradise;” happy mortals, to
+reach such blessed bourne!  But our stay is brief indeed; Paradise is
+left far behind, and we pass onwards under and over many a bridge of
+great and small degree; for the railroad even renders a common dirty
+gutter, a thing of so great importance, that a stately and ponderous arch
+must be erected for its insignificant accommodation!  Verily, we grow
+aristocratic in our indignation at such upstart doings.  The honourable
+fraternity of Ditch, Gutter, and Co., may, with a good grace, quote the
+old fable, and exclaim, “How we apples swim;” they are marvellously
+promoted since “an hundred years ago.”  The Stafford Canal passes under,
+and the railroad over, a handsome iron bridge, between the village of
+Coven on the W., and Aspley on the E. side of the line.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The wide moorland called Cannock Chase, lies E., and is for some distance
+seen from the line.  It was in earlier times, a forest or chase belonging
+to the Mercian kings.  In one part, Castle Hill, now enclosed by the
+boundary of Beaudesert Park, seat of the Marquis of Anglesea, is an
+ancient British encampment, surrounded by a double trench, occupying
+about fourteen acres.  Near it are the remains of a moat, enclosing an
+oblong square of three acres, called the Old Nunnery, where a Cistercian
+Abbey was founded in the reign of Stephen, which was shortly after
+removed to Stoneleigh, in Warwickshire.  Cannock Chase, or Heath,
+contains upwards of 25,000 acres; in some parts, containing extensive
+sheep walks.
+
+
+
+Four Ashes Station.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 20—Liverpool and Manchester, 77½ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+_Place W. of Station_.     _Place E. of Station_.
+Brewood        2 miles.  Shareshill        2¾ miles.
+
+IF the reader be a passenger in a mixed train, the diminished speed will
+here allow him a better chance of observation; and a fine view may be
+enjoyed on the eastward, of Cannock Chase, with its undulating scenery;
+and westward, Summerford Park, seat of the Hon. E. Monkton, the little
+town of Brewood, and the Wrekin.  Passing on, nothing of interest occurs
+until the arrival at the next, the
+
+
+
+Spread Eagle Station.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 21½—Liverpool and Manchester, 76 miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+     _Places W. of Station_.        _Places E. of Station_.
+Stretton                  2 miles.  CANNOCK        4½ miles.
+Lapley                         3 —  Norton              6¼ —
+Wheaton Aston                 4¼ —
+Weston-under-Lizzard           7 —
+Blymhill                       7 —
+Tong                          8½ —
+Sheriff Hales                10½ —
+Woodcote                      11 —
+SHIFFNAL                      12 —
+WELLINGTON                    17 —
+SHREWSBURY                    29 —
+
+HERE the railroad crosses the old Roman road called Watling-street; the
+ancient prætorian highway, reaching from Dover, by St. Albans, Dunstable,
+Towcester, Atherstone, Shrewsbury, &c., to Cardigan; in many places it is
+scarcely perceptible, while in others it continues firm for several
+miles.  And who can pass such a junction of roads, without a backward
+glance at past years and events? without a thought of the thousand
+“changes of time and tide” that this ancient track has witnessed: the
+millions of human footsteps it has received:—the proud and victorious
+Roman, exulting in his country’s greatness and conquests, and
+contemptuously spurning the savage natives, whose natural rights he
+invaded:—the rapacious and desolating Dane:—the wily Saxon:—the
+adventurous Norman: and now the compound people, we English, who, not
+content with the ways of our fathers, must needs cross them with our
+refined and scientific innovations.  In sooth, this ancient road were a
+fitter subject for an epic poem, than a guide-book gossip.
+
+Passing the Spread Eagle station, the villages of Water Eaton and
+Stretton, are seen on the W., and Rodbaston Hall, with Cannock Chase
+behind, on the E.  The turnpike road here runs parallel with the line for
+some distance.  At Quarry Bridge, a short distance from Penkridge, is a
+fine quarry of red sandstone, which has furnished a handsome material for
+several bridges in the vicinity.  From hence the church of Penkridge, and
+the next arch over the line, forms an interesting picture, to which the
+near arch of Quarry Bridge serves as framework.
+
+              [Picture: Penkridge Church from Quarry Bridge]
+
+The church is shortly after passed, on the E., and arriving at the bridge
+over the river Penk, a lovely view of the surrounding scenery presents
+itself.  The river appears on both sides, winding gracefully along,
+between meadows and groves; on the E. is the Old Bridge, beyond which
+appears Teddesley Park and Hall, the seat of Lord Hatherton, with our old
+friend Cannock Chase in the distance.  Westward the eye ranges over the
+near objects to Preston Hill and Longridge, altogether forming a
+delightful prospect.
+
+                           [Picture: Penkridge]
+
+
+
+Penkridge Station.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 24—Liverpool and Manchester, 73½ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+   _Places W. of Station_.         _Places E. of Station_.
+Bradley             3¾ miles.  Dunstan               2¼ miles.
+Church Eaton             5¼ —  Acton Trussel              2¾ —
+                               Bednall                    3½ —
+                               CANNOCK                     5 —
+                               RUGELEY                     8 —
+                               Armitage                  10½ —
+                               Malvesyn Ridware           11 —
+                               Longdon                   11½ —
+
+    PENKRIDGE is supposed by Camden to have been the Roman Pennocrucium;
+    its modern name seems derivable from the river Penk, on which it
+    stands.
+
+The town, from its low situation, is liable to frequent inundations.  It
+has no market-day, but two great cattle fairs are held here, on April 30,
+and first Monday in September.  The Church was made collegiate by King
+John.  Penkridge contains about 3,000 inhabitants.  Quitting Penkridge,
+the villages of Thickerscote and Silkmoor appear in the distance; and
+shortly after leaving Acton Trussel to the E., and Levedale on the W.,
+Dunstan Church, appears above the bank of the railway, on the E.  The
+next object of interest is Stafford Castle, the tower of which is seen
+just before arriving at
+
+
+
+STAFFORD STATION.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 29¼—Liverpool and Manchester, 68¼ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+   _Places W. of Station_.           _Places E. of Station_.
+Castlechurch          1 mile.  Baswick or Berkswick       1½ mile.
+Coppenhall          2½ miles.  Marston                   3¼ miles.
+Houghton                  4 —  Tixall                          4 —
+Gnosnal                   7 —  Ingestre                        4 —
+NEWPORT                  12 —  Weston                         4½ —
+                               Sandon                          5 —
+                               Gayton                         5½ —
+                               Stowe                          6¾ —
+                               Colwich                        6¾ —
+                               Milwich                         7 —
+                               Fradswell                      7½ —
+                               Hilderston                      8 —
+                               RUGELEY                         9 —
+                               Gratwich                       11 —
+                               ABBOTS BROMLEY                 11 —
+                               UTTOXETER                      14 —
+                               LICHFIELD                      17 —
+
+    STAFFORD is a borough and market town; contains 8,512 inhabitants.
+    This place, which is of great antiquity, was anciently called
+    _Stadeford_, from the Saxon Stade, signifying a place on a river, and
+    the _trajectus_, or ford, across the river Sow, on which it is
+    pleasantly situated, about six miles from its confluence with the
+    Trent.
+
+The entrance from the London road, is by a neat bridge over the river,
+near which was one of the ancient gates.  The houses are in general
+well-built, and many of them are handsome and modern erections; the
+streets well paved, and the environs of the town abound with elegant
+mansions and villas.  Assemblies are held in a suite of rooms in the Town
+Hall, and races take place annually in May.  The chief branch of
+manufacture is that of shoes, and the tanning of leather is carried on to
+a considerable extent.  Stafford is also renowned for its ale, in common
+with the surrounding neighbourhood.  The market is held on Saturday, and
+fairs on April 5, May 14, June 25, October 3, and December 5.
+
+                        [Picture: Stafford Castle]
+
+From the year 700, this place has been gradually acquiring importance,
+and castles have been built and rebuilt by successive princes and
+possessors.  In 705, it is said to have been the residence of the pious
+St. Bertalin, son of a Mercian king, and we may well imagine a _royal_
+hermitage to have formed an attractive nucleus for a future city.
+Ethelfleda, Countess of Mercia, erected a castle here in 913, and
+fortified the town with walls and a fosse.  It appears to have increased
+greatly in extent and importance, and is in Doomsday Book called a city,
+in which the king had eighteen burgesses in demesne, and the Earl of
+Mercia twenty mansions.  William the Conqueror built a castle here, to
+keep the barons in subjection, and appointed as governor, Robert de
+Toeni, the progenitor of the house of Stafford.  It was rebuilt in the
+reign of Edward III., and in the parliamentary war was garrisoned for the
+king, but taken by the parliamentary troops, and finally demolished.  The
+lover of picturesque relics of the olden time, must regret the utter
+destruction of this, and many other strong holds; but the knowledge, that
+the iron-handed tyranny upheld by these feudal dens, is for ever gone by
+with their departed strength, is a glorious and surpassing compensation.
+Where would be our railroads, if moss-trooping barons and slavish serfs
+formed, as they once did, the population of England?
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The castellated building which now forms so prominent a feature in the
+landscape on approaching Stafford, is a modern erection, on the ancient
+site, commenced by Lord Stafford, (then Sir George Jerningham); only one
+front, flanked by two round towers was completed; these now contain some
+ancient armour and other curiosities.  The County Hall is a spacious and
+handsome building of stone, occupying one side of the Market-place.  The
+County Gaol is also a large and modern erection, well adapted for the
+classification of prisoners, who are employed at their trades, and
+receive a certain portion of their earnings on discharge.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The Church, dedicated to St. Mary, formerly collegiate, is an ancient and
+spacious cruciform structure, in the early style of English architecture,
+with a lofty octagonal tower rising from the intersection.  The north
+entrance is richly ornamented, and the interior beautifully arranged, the
+piers and arches are of the early English, passing into the decorated
+style.  The east window is an elegant specimen of the later English.  In
+the north transept is an ancient font of great beauty, highly ornamented
+with sculptured figures and animals.  There are many ancient monuments;
+amongst the most conspicuous, are those of the family of Aston, of
+Tixall.  There are two other Churches, one, St. Chadd’s, originally in
+the Norman style, but much and incongruously altered; also, places of
+worship for the Society of Friends, Independents, Wesleyan Methodists,
+and Roman Catholics.  The Free Grammar School was refounded by Edward
+VI.; there are also National and other Schools, and a variety of Public
+Institutions, among which the Infirmary, and Lunatic Asylum are the
+chief.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+In olden times, a Priory of Black Canons existed here, founded in 1151; a
+small part of whose ruined abode remains, in the shape of a farm house,
+two miles east of the town.  There were likewise, a House of Friars
+Eremites; a Priory of Franciscan Friars, and other monastic
+establishments, all dismantled at the dissolution.  The most celebrated
+native of Stafford, is Isaac Walton, the angler, a name well-beloved by
+all votaries of the (so called) “_gentle_ sport,” though there are and
+have been many who rather think with the Poet, that
+
+    “The quaint, old, cruel coxcomb, in his gullet
+    Should have a hook, and a small trout to pull it.”
+
+                                                                    BYRON.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+STAFFORD TO WHITMORE,
+Fourteen Miles.
+
+
+IN leaving Stafford station, the Castle appears to the W. and the Town,
+E. of the line.  Beacon Hill is seen immediately over the latter.  On
+proceeding a short distance through a flat country, the little village of
+Aston is passed on the W., and Creswell Hall, (Rev. T. Whitley,) on the
+E., which, encompassed by richly wooded grounds, and overlooking the
+meanderings of the little river Sow, forms a fine object in the general
+landscape.  The house is a plain, neat structure.  Much of the ground
+here is marshy, and abounds with willows, whose light silvery foliage
+agreeably diversifies the meadow and woodland scenery; amid which, on the
+W., peeps the pretty tower of Seighford Church.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Passing two successive cuttings of no great depth, and through a marshy
+district adorned by poplar and willow trees, we arrive at
+
+
+
+Bridgeford Station.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 32¾—Liverpool and Manchester, 64¾ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+ _Places W. of Station_.
+Seighford          1 mile.
+Ranton           2¾ miles.
+Ellenhall              3 —
+Norbury               7½ —
+
+On the E. is Bridgeford Hall, the estate of J. Reynolds, Esq., formerly a
+Convent.  Some remains of the ancient buildings still exist in different
+parts of the hall and garden.
+
+    A story of a subterranean passage also belongs to this relic of olden
+    times, which passage, says tradition, leads to Ellenhall, about two
+    miles distant; and we have been told that in digging a well a few
+    years since the passage was discovered.
+
+A picturesque Mill stands near the Hall.  Passing Chebsey W., and
+Whitgreave on the E., we reach Shallowford, where a few scattered
+cottages represent the honours of the Village, and the Sow, which almost
+emulates the winding propensities of the fair river Wye, meanders quietly
+among the meadows.  At Shallowford Bridge, which is chiefly built for the
+convenience of farmers, whose cattle and teams are constantly traversing
+it, a person is generally stationed with a red flag to give a signal for
+trains to slacken their speed at this part, if cattle are passing at the
+time.
+
+A pleasant but not very interesting portion of the line brings us to
+
+
+
+Norton Bridge Station.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 35—Liverpool and Manchester, 62½ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+  _Places W. of Station_.      _Places E. of Station_.
+Chebsey             1¼ mile.  STONE             3 miles.
+ECCLESHALL         2½ miles.  Swinnerton            4½ —
+Standon                  5 —  Hilderston            6¼ —
+High Oftley             6½ —  Barlaston             6½ —
+Adbaston                6½ —  Fulford               7½ —
+Cheswardine             9½ —  Trentham               8 —
+Hinstock                13 —  Draycott              9½ —
+                              LANE END              10 —
+                              CHEADLE               14 —
+
+    TWO miles and a half W. of this station lies the small town of
+    Eccleshall, which at the time of the Conquest belonged to the See of
+    Lichfield.  In 1200, Bishop Muschamp obtained a licence from King
+    John, to embattle the episcopal residence; which was much repaired,
+    or rebuilt, by Bishop Langton in 1310.  During the parliamentary war
+    it was so much damaged in a siege, previously to being taken by the
+    parliamentarians, as to be unfit for the further residence of the
+    church-militant commanders-in-chief, until Bishop Lloyd rebuilt it in
+    1695; since which time it has continued to be the episcopal palace of
+    the See of Lichfield and Coventry.  The grounds and woods belonging
+    to the palace are pleasant and extensive.  The church was the
+    sanctuary of Queen Margaret, after Lord Audley’s defeat by the Earl
+    of Salisbury, at Blore Heath.  It is a spacious structure, in the
+    ancient English style of architecture, and contains several
+    monuments.
+
+    The town of Stone lies three miles E. of the line, and is not seen
+    from it; the name is traditionally derived from a monumental heap of
+    stones, which, according to the custom of the Saxons had been placed
+    over the bodies of the princes Wulford and Rufinus, who were here
+    slain by their father king Wulphere, on account of their conversion
+    to Christianity.  [_See page_ 20.] The king himself becoming
+    subsequently a convert, founded, in 670, a college of Secular Canons,
+    dedicating it to his children, in expiation of his crime: and to this
+    establishment the town is supposed to owe its origin.  The prevailing
+    manufacture is that of shoes.  Population, 7,808.
+
+Although none of the towns in the great district called the Potteries,
+are upon or even seen from the line of route, yet they lie so near, that
+it would scarcely be well to omit all mention of this great manufacturing
+neighbourhood, which encloses about ten square miles of country, covered
+with scattered villages, and containing about 20,000 inhabitants.
+Although the making of articles of pottery has been carried on here from
+a remote period, yet the manufacture was of inferior importance, until
+the great improvements effected by Mr. Wedgewood in the latter part of
+the last century; since which time the excellence and beauty of the
+wares, have produced a most extensive traffic both in England and abroad.
+The exports of earthenware and china to the United States alone, amount
+to 60,000 packages annually.  The several species of ware invented by Mr.
+Wedgewood, varied by the industry and ingenuity of the manufacturers into
+an infinity of forms, and differently painted and embellished, constitute
+nearly the whole of the fine earthenwares at present manufactured in
+England, which are the object of a very extensive trade.  The chief towns
+and villages in the Pottery district are, Stoke-upon-Trent, Hanley,
+Burslem, Lane End, Shelton, Etruria, Tunstall, Lane Delph, and others.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Proceeding from Norton Bridge, through some pretty, common-place country,
+we pass Baddenhall, Field Cross, and Brockton-house on the W., and
+Coldmese on the E., and soon gain a view of Swinnerton Park and Hall,
+seat of T. Fitzherbert, Esq., which, with the small grove-like woods
+scattered through the landscape, forms, as the quaint Dugdale would say,
+“a verye faire prospect.”  The next small representation of a village is
+Mill Meese, with its old Hall standing close beside the line; the
+water-mill wheel, formerly accustomed to have no rival sound interrupt
+its rumbling, splashing solo, now seems wofully outdone by the rapidly
+rolling trains, and lifts up its unheard voice in vain.  The river Sow
+still flows close to the line.  Westward lie the villages of Walford and
+Aspley, but too much concealed by wood to be discovered in passing.
+Trentham Park, seat of the Marquis of Sutherland, is perceived on the
+N.E.  The mansion is a modern structure; the surrounding grounds are very
+extensive, abound with fine timber, and greatly adorned by lakes, formed
+by the river Trent, which flows through the park.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Standon Church, with the richly wooded country round, forms a pleasing
+object W. of the line.
+
+                        [Picture: Standon Church]
+
+Passing on, another Swinnerton Park appears on the E., there being two of
+that name.  Hill Chorlton and Chapel Chorlton, with the picturesque
+church tower of the latter, appears W. of the traveller.  A short
+distance of pretty wooded scenery intervenes, and then a shallow cutting,
+passing which, Maer Wood is seen on the W.  Maer Hall, seat of J.
+Wedgewood, Esq.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Shortly after, the line enters a deep cutting, which ends at
+
+
+
+WHITMORE STATION.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 43¼—Liverpool and Manchester, 54¼ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+      _Places W. of Station_.             _Places E. of Station_.
+Maer                       1¾ mile.  NEWCASTLE-UNDER-         5 miles.
+                                     LYME
+Chapel Chorlton            3 miles.  Trentham                      5 —
+Ashley                         3½ —  Wolstanton                   6½ —
+Standon                         5 —  Shelton                       7 —
+Broughton                      5½ —  STOKE                         7 —
+Mucklestone or Muxton           6 —  BURSLEM                      7½ —
+Norton                         7½ —  HANLEY                       7½ —
+MARKET DRAYTON                 10 —  Tunstall                     8½ —
+                                     LANE END                     8½ —
+                                     Norton-on-the-Moor            9 —
+                                     LEEK                         16 —
+
+CHAPTER V.
+WHITMORE TO CREWE,
+Ten and ¾ Miles.
+
+
+AN extensive heathy bog is traversed by the line, after leaving Whitmore
+station, and, as we have heard an ancient tradition anent it, will tell
+the tale for the edification of our readers, “extenuating nothing.”
+
+    Once upon a time there was a large forest in this part, and when the
+    Romans were amusing themselves with hunting our worthy ancestors, a
+    large body of the ancient Britons took refuge therein.  In order to
+    come at them these terrible Romans set fire to the forest, which
+    burnt in a very fearful and dreadful manner; but our information does
+    not extend to the exact measure of scorching endured by the miserable
+    prisoners within this fiery fence, or whether they escaped by flight,
+    or were consumed wholesale in the burning forest, which, with the
+    accumulation of vegetable matter during past ages, has formed the
+    bog, now “passed with the swiftness of tornado-blast,” by “Wildfires”
+    and “Rockets.”
+
+Opposite the Bog-house is one of the highest points of the line, the road
+inclining towards Liverpool one way, and towards Birmingham the other.
+Snape Hall is prettily situated among rich woods on the E. of the line;
+and a short distance farther Barr Hill appears on the W.  It is a
+considerable elevation, and on a clear day, Liverpool may be seen from
+it.  Madeley Parks and Manor House lie W. of the line.  The latter is the
+seat of Lady Cunliffe, daughter of Lord Crewe, to whose family, the
+adjoining land, formerly a fine deer park, anciently belonged.  Hay
+House, a small, old, brick building, stands close to the line of railway
+on the E.  One cannot help feeling an odd sort of commiseration for these
+ancient abodes of the last generation, which have stood, and grown old
+and grey, in the once quiet and out-of-the-world nooks where the
+convenience of the farmer, or the retired taste of the small country
+squire, had located them; and now, to see the iron ribs of the innovating
+railroad carried up to their very threshold, has something of sadness in
+it, even in the midst of our modern pride and gratulation.  It is like
+pert youth, exhibiting and vaunting of its strength and valorous deeds,
+to decrepid and helpless age.  But what have we to do with such dreams?
+“Locomotives” wait for no man’s fancies, and we must e’en follow their
+course.  Soon after passing which, we reach
+
+
+
+Madeley Station.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 46—Liverpool and Manchester, 51½ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+      _Places W. of Station_.          _Places E. of Station_.
+Woore                      2½ miles.  Betley           3 miles.
+Norton                          5½ —  NEWCASTLE             5 —
+Mucklestone or Muxton           5½ —
+Audlem                           7 —
+Adderley                        9½ —
+Burley Dam                      11 —
+WHITCHURCH                      15 —
+
+THE village, which is rather eastward of the line, consists chiefly of
+cottages and farm houses in the Elizabethan style.  The Church is an
+ancient and interesting structure, with a fine set of bells.  An
+eccentric, named Samuel Stretch, noted for his penurious habits,
+bequeathed, in 1804, a great bell, to be tolled every night at eight
+o’clock, as a guide to persons wandering about at such late and improper
+hours; he having accidently fallen into a ditch, the consequences of
+which disaster eventually caused his death.  The small town of Woore lies
+three miles W.  Passing several slight cuttings, and again gaining the
+open country, a fine prospect appears, including Checkley Wood,
+Doddington Park, on the W., Heighley Castle on the E., and the Welsh
+Hills in the distance.  Doddington Hall, seat of Lieut. Gen. Sir John
+Delves Broughton, Bart., is a splendid mansion of comparatively modern
+erection.  A fortified house was erected here in 1364, by Sir John
+Delves, the venerable ruins of which still remain.  The park is finely
+wooded, and includes a very noble avenue of ancient oaks.  Heighley
+Castle partakes the traditionary honour so lavishly bestowed on such
+places, of having been “battered down” by Cromwell.  It has been said,
+“no man can be in two places at once, unless he be a _bird_.”  And our
+renowned Oliver must needs have been wonderfully endowed with this
+ornithological ubiquity, if we are to allow a shade of credence to the
+countless and unaccountable stories of his sieges in _propria personá_.
+A lofty embankment and two viaducts carry the line through the pretty
+valley of Wrinehill; the Hall and Mill forming very pleasing objects in
+the scene.  The line here enters Cheshire.  Betley and Betley Mere form
+the next view, after emerging from a short excavation, called Bunker’s
+Hill.  Betley Court, the residence of J. Twemlow, Esq., with its
+surrounding woods and fields, and the pretty mere or lakelet in front,
+afford a very pleasing view.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+In the rear distance, S.E., is a fine view of Boond Hill and Mow Copp, on
+the round summit of the latter is a stone monument, distinctly seen.
+These hills, which lie at a considerable distance, join in the landscape
+for some space.  Chorlton is the first village we pass in Cheshire, and
+Wybunbury, a place of much more importance, is concealed by the woods
+about the former, except the Church, which peers above them.  This Church
+was rebuilt in 1595; it is a spacious structure, with carved wooden
+ceilings, and a lofty pinnacled tower, which leaned so much to the N.E.,
+that a few years since it was found requisite to place it erect, when
+some alterations were made in the body of the Church.  To the W. is
+Basford Hall, soon after passing which, we arrive at
+
+
+
+Basford Station.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 52—Liverpool and Manchester, 45½ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+ _Places W. of Station_.       _Place E. of Station_.
+Hough              ½ mile.  Betley               2 miles.
+Wybunbury             1¼ —  Barthomley                3 —
+Walgherton        2 miles.  Audley                    4 —
+Doddington            2½ —  Alsager                   5 —
+NANTWICH               4 —  Talk                      6 —
+Audlem                 5 —  Church Lawton             6 —
+Burley Dam             7 —
+Baddiley               7 —
+Wrenbury               9 —
+
+CREWE HALL, the mansion of Lord Crewe, which appears E. of the line, is a
+large and handsome quadrangular structure of red brick, surrounded by
+finely undulating grounds, and a lake of considerable extent.
+
+
+
+CREWE STATION.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 54—Liverpool and Manchester, 43½ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+_Places W. of Station_.     _Places E. of Station_.
+NANTWICH        4 miles.  Haslington          2 miles.
+Acton               5¼ —  SANDBACH                 5 —
+Baddiley            7½ —  Astbury                 10 —
+Wrenbury             9 —  CONGLETON               11 —
+MALPAS              17 —  Gawsworth              13½ —
+                          MACCLESFIELD            19 —
+
+NANTWICH, four miles W. of Crewe, contains 5,350 inhabitants, and has a
+market on Saturdays, and fairs, chiefly for cattle, on March 26, second
+Tuesday in June, September 4, and December 4.
+
+    Previously to the Conquest, the wealth of this place consisted in its
+    numerous brine springs.  Its origin is attributed to the Britons; and
+    its name appears to be derived from the British word _Nant_, a brook
+    or marsh, and the Saxon _vic_, by corruption _wich_, a vill, or
+    settlement.  The latter term seems generally attached to the names of
+    towns where salt is made.  This town has had its full share of
+    plague, pestilence, and war, in times past, and twice suffered
+    greatly from fire, in the years 1438 and 1583.  During the civil war
+    it staunchly supported the parliament.
+
+The town is situated on the banks of the river Weaver, in a level and
+fertile tract of country.  Most of the houses are of timber and brick,
+covered with plaster, with projecting stories, and large bay-windows.
+There is a small Theatre and Assembly-room.  In the time of Henry VIII.,
+there were three hundred salt works; this number has been gradually
+reduced, in consequence of superior mines and springs being discovered
+elsewhere, and now only one spring remains.  Shoes, gloves, and cotton
+goods are the chief manufactures now, and cheese the principal
+agricultural produce.  The Church is a spacious and venerable structure,
+in the decorated and later English styles, comprising a nave, with
+lateral aisles, a chancel, transepts, and an ornamented octagonal tower,
+rising from the intersection.  There are Meetings and Chapels for
+Dissenters, and various Schools.  John Gerarde, whose fine old work,
+called Gerarde’s Herbal, is familiar to every botanist, was a native of
+Nantwich, born in 1545.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+CREWE TO HARTFORD,
+Eleven and ¾ Miles.
+
+
+QUITTING the Crewe station, around which is little to attract the
+traveller’s notice, the line proceeds nearly without a curve, and for
+some distance enables the passengers of one train, to observe the
+approach of another.  A branch railway is in progress from Crewe, to
+Manchester on one side, and to Chester on the other.  The tower of
+Coppenhall Church is the first object on the W.  This Church is an old
+wood and plaster structure, of the style prevalent in the reign of
+Elizabeth, and looking almost as if modern times had forgotten it, so
+quaint and old it is.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Passing the Church and Village, we arrive at
+
+
+
+Coppenhall Station.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 56—Liverpool and Manchester, 41½ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+   _Places W. of Station_.        _Places E. of Station_.
+Minshull Moss        2 miles.  Coppenhall Moss       1 mile.
+Lea Green                 2 —  Warmingham           3 miles.
+Leighton                 2½ —  SANDBACH                  5 —
+Church Minshull          3½ —
+Worleston Green          4½ —
+Acton                    5½ —
+
+THE country near the line in this part becomes flat, boggy, and
+uninteresting; for though an ancient moss is a scene of uncloying
+interest to a naturalist, and contains many a treasure to reward the
+patient seeking of the botanist; yet, in the cursory glance of a railroad
+traveller, its sombre, and, as he perhaps thinks, unprofitable waste, is
+a scene gladly exchanged for verdant pastures and waving corn fields.
+Here is a whole family of mosses, all lying closely contiguous, and
+quaking under the foot of the pedestrian wanderer among their heathy
+labyrinths, “like a great jelly bag,” as the graphic authoress of “Wood
+Leighton,” that most graceful, good, and womanly book, quaintly describes
+a like spot.  Coppenhall Moss, Leighton Moss, Warmington Moss, and, for
+aught we know, half a score more, compose the near view, with the welcome
+variety afforded by Warmingham Wood in the distance.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The towns of Sandbach and Congleton lie on the E., but are not seen from
+the line.  The former contains about 7,200 inhabitants.  The market is on
+Thursday, and fairs on Easter Tuesday and Wednesday, and the first
+Thursday after September 11; and a cattle and pleasure fair on December
+27, for cattle and wearing apparel.  In the market-place are some ancient
+crosses, repaired in 1816.  The church is in the later English style.
+There are Dissenting Chapels, and several Schools.  Congleton contains
+9,352 individuals.  It is an ancient place, and is called _Cogletone_ in
+Doomsday Book, but its origin has not been clearly ascertained.  The town
+is situated in a valley, embosomed in richly wooded hills: the eastern
+part is old and irregularly built; the western is modern.  In the
+environs, especially on the banks of the river, are many elegant mansions
+and villas.  The market is on Saturday; the fairs on the Thursday before
+Shrovetide, May 12, July 12, and December 22.  The Market-house,
+containing a handsome Assembly-room, was built in 1822, at the sole
+expense of Sir E. Antrobus, Bart.
+
+
+
+Minshull Vernon Station.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 58¾—Liverpool and Manchester, 38¾ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+   _Places W. of Station_.       _Places E. of Station_.
+Church Minshull      2 miles.  Warmingham        2½ miles.
+Bunbury                  6¾ —  SANDBACH                5 —
+Tattenhall               12 —
+Harthill                12¼ —
+
+HERE the scenery becomes more interesting, from the distant view afforded
+on the W. of Beeston Castle Hill, and the high lands in Cheshire and
+Wales.
+
+                         [Picture: Beeston Hill]
+
+    Beeston Castle was founded by Ranulph de Blundeville, about 1220, and
+    was made a royal garrison, in the war between Henry III., and the
+    confederate Barons.  In 1643, Beeston Castle was held by a detachment
+    of the Parliamentarian forces, then taken by the Royalists, who were,
+    after a long siege in 1645, compelled, from want of provisions, to
+    surrender it; and the Parliamentarians dismantled it early the
+    following year.  The ruins consist of part of a tower which guarded
+    the principal entrance to the inner court, flanked by semi-circular
+    bastions, and surrounded by a moat, excavated in the solid rock.  The
+    outer walls were defended by eight round towers, irregularly placed,
+    and are now covered with ivy.
+
+On the N.W. appears Delamere Forest, which continues to form part of the
+railroad prospect for some space.  This tract, which includes the ancient
+and royal forest of Delamere, was uninclosed till 1812, when it was
+erected into a parish by act of parliament.  It was formerly a dreary
+waste, but is now rapidly improving in fertility and increased
+population.  On its enclosure, it first gave the title of Baron Delamere
+of Vale Royal, to Thomas Cholmondeley, Esq., the proprietor of the
+ancient possessions of the Cistercian monks of Vale Royal, whose
+sumptuous Abbey was completed in 1330, by Edward I., and cost £32,000.
+There are races in March, called the Tanfield Hunt.
+
+    Delamere Forest, comprising about 10,000 acres, once contained a
+    great number of red and fallow deer: it exhibits a pleasing variety
+    of well-wooded hills, rich valleys for pasturage, waters affording
+    plenty of fish and water-fowl; and mosses, producing an abundance of
+    peat and turf for fuel.  Upon the highest hill stood the Saxon
+    fortress of Finborrow, and near it the city of Eadesbury, both of
+    which are said to have been founded by Ethelfleda, daughter of Alfred
+    the Great.  The ancient residence of the Chief Forester is all that
+    now remains; this house is called the Chamber of the Forest; and at
+    convenient distances around it are neat lodges for the keepers of the
+    several walks.  Five thousand acres of the forest have been planted
+    with forest trees within the last twenty years.  The remaining
+    portion is sold or allotted to private individuals.
+
+Journeying on, we pass Lea Hall, a plain, old-fashioned building, close
+to the line, and can just perceive Over Church above the trees; this part
+of the line being more clothed with wood than that we have recently
+described.  Here the Middlewich Canal is crossed, and is seen on the E.,
+in which direction, two miles from the line, lies the town of Middlewich,
+containing about 4,800 inhabitants, with a market on Thursday, and fairs
+on Holy Thursday, Aug. 25, and Oct. 29.  The name of this town is derived
+from its central situation with respect to the Wiches, or Salt Towns.  A
+Roman station is supposed to have existed here, from the remains of a
+Roman road, and an intrenched camp.  The Royalists were defeated here
+during the civil war, and the same fortune befel the Parliamentarian
+forces subsequently.  The town is divided by the Grand Trunk Canal, here
+crossed by the river Dane; and the rivers Weyer, Croco, and Whelock, also
+run through the parish.  The chief trade consists in salt obtained from
+powerful brine-springs: there are also some silk manufactories.  The
+church, being built at various periods, presents an assemblage of
+different styles of architecture: it has a handsome tower.  Here are also
+dissenting meetings, and a free school, which, like many like
+establishments, fulfils, but in a very limited degree, the intentions of
+its founders.  Delamere Forest and Over Church again form the westerly
+view.
+
+The small straggling town of Over lies about a mile W. of the line; it
+contains 2,930 inhabitants; has no market, but fairs on May 15 and Sept.
+25.  The church was re-built in 1543, by Hugh Starkey, Gentleman Usher to
+Henry VIII., in the later English style of architecture.  An effigy of
+brass in the interior of the church, perpetuates the memory of the pious
+Hugh; a curious font, and some other antiquities, may also be seen.  Salt
+is the chief manufacture.  In the extreme distance on the S.E., a clear
+day allows a tolerable view of the Derbyshire hills from this part of the
+line; Stanthorne Hall, seat of Richard Dutton, Esq., also E., is passed
+immediately before reaching the
+
+
+
+Winsford Station.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 61¼—Liverpool and Manchester, 36¼ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+   _Places W. of Station_.           _Places E. of Station_.
+Over                 2 miles.  MIDDLEWICH                  2 miles.
+Little Budworth          5¼ —  Brereton cum Smethwick          7½ —
+TARPORLEY                8½ —  Swettenham                      9½ —
+Waverton                 15 —  Nether Alderley                14½ —
+
+BOSTOCK HALL, seat of James France France, Esq., and Wharton, _would_ be
+seen E. from the railroad after leaving the station, but that the line
+enters a shallow cutting; the banks of which hide the view “just at the
+very time when they should not.”  An opening gives a glimpse of the woods
+about the house, and that is all.  The next peep is westward again, at
+Moulson: and after passing another cutting (this word _cutting_ is an
+inelegant term, which does not fall into our prose with ease; but we
+cannot avoid it, belonging, as it does, to railroad phraseology) we gain
+a view of Vale Royal Park and New Park on the W., the pleasant woodland
+glades of which are soon shut out by another cutting which takes us
+through Eaton, and by Eaton Hall, seat of Sir E. Antrobus.  We now
+approach one of the most magnificent parts of the railway, and of the
+scenery skirting it; the Vale Royal Viaduct, over which the line passes
+for five hundred feet, and beneath which the river Weaver winds through
+the vale in graceful sweeps, girt with verdant meadows; on the E. it is
+crossed by the simple old bridge, now looking very humble, in the
+presence of its magnificent neighbour.  The viaduct consists of five
+arches of immense span, it is built of a reddish stone, and is a noble
+erection.  The traveller will do well to be alert and on the “look out”
+in this part, or the view will escape him.  Westward lies Vale Royal
+Park, rich in the grandeur of its ancient woods, and nearly hidden among
+them is Delamere Abbey, the old and venerable seat of Lord Delamere.
+Little remains now of the ancient building, which was not, as described
+by Warton in his Elegy, seen “high o’er the trackless heath,” but was
+seated in a deep valley on the banks of the river Weaver.  The present
+mansion consists of a centre and two wings of red stone.  The great hall
+is a magnificent apartment.
+
+                      [Picture: Vale Royal Viaduct]
+
+    The marvellous enlightenment of the 19th century, great as we deem
+    it, has not yet penetrated those holes and corners of prejudice and
+    credulity, which serve for the hiding places of superstition, for
+    even in the eye of the Railroad itself are those living who speak
+    with awe of the so-called prophecies, said to be made by the poor
+    driveller Robert Nixon, the Cheshire sage.  It so happens, very
+    oddly, that predictions are sometimes remembered _when_ verified, and
+    not before.  So was the curious and very oracular one of the past
+    year, so often quoted,—
+
+    “A summer without a spring,
+    And an autumn without a king,”
+
+    which no one can deny was very remarkable indeed—only it was too
+    disloyal to be circulated till certainty had secured its truth.  Poor
+    Nixon wishing, doubtlessly, to compliment his patrons, the
+    Cholmondeley family, with a “May-the-king-live-for-ever” kind of
+    benediction, promised that till certain stones or rocks near
+    Warrington came to Vale Royal, the prosperity of their family should
+    continue.  Unluckily, stones have grown locomotive of late, and
+    “Birnam Wood doth come to Dunsinane,” for the fatal rocks have become
+    part of the grand viaduct, which, far from bringing ill to the noble
+    Delamere, is a link in the mighty chain now weaving, which shall bind
+    together art, science, talent, wealth, and greatness, for the good of
+    all who are so blessed as to live in the age of RAILROADS.
+
+The line passes through a deep cutting before arriving at the
+
+
+
+HARTFORD STATION.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 65¾—Liverpool and Manchester, 31¾ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+   _Places W. of Station_.          _Places E. of Station_.
+Newchurch            2¼ miles.  Davenham              1½ miles.
+Little Budworth           5½ —  NORTHWICH                   2 —
+TARPORLEY                  8 —  Great Budworth              6 —
+Tarvin                    10 —  NETHER KNUTSFORD            9 —
+Great Barrow              11 —  Rostherne                 10½ —
+Guilden Sutton            13 —  Mobberley                 11½ —
+Waverton                 13½ —  Wilmslow                  15½ —
+Christleton              13½ —
+CHESTER                   16 —
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+HARTFORD TO WARRINGTON,
+Twelve and ¼ Miles.
+
+
+PROCEEDING from the Hartford station, the banks of the cutting conceal
+much of the scenery.  The small and scattered village of Gorstage appears
+on the W.  From Hartford station to Acton station the evenness of the
+ground renders a train visible to a spectator, at either place, the
+entire distance.
+
+    The town of Northwich lies two miles E. of the railway; has a market
+    on Friday, and fairs on April 10, for cattle only, August 2, and
+    December 6.  Camden is of opinion, that the brine springs here were
+    used by the Romans, and says, the town was anciently called
+    Hellah-Du, or the Black Salt Town.  The town has a very antique
+    appearance, and contains a church very remarkable for its
+    semi-circular choir, and for the curious decorations of the roof of
+    the nave, which consist of numerous figures of wicker baskets,
+    similar to those used in the process of salt-making.  The commercial
+    prosperity of Northwich, is entirely dependent upon its numerous
+    brine springs and extensive mines of rock salt; in which article the
+    trade is so great, as to produce an annual export of 100,000 tons
+    from the springs alone.  They were discovered at a very early period,
+    and are usually more than one hundred yards in depth.  The brine,
+    being raised by pumps set in motion by steam-engines, is conveyed by
+    pipes into pans, thirty or forty feet square: these are fixed over
+    furnaces, the heat arising from which, causes the water to evaporate,
+    and the salt to crystallise; it is then drained and dried, and is fit
+    for sale.  The mines of rock salt were discovered in 1670, the upper
+    stratum, lying about sixty yards below the surface of the earth, is
+    ten yards thick.  About 1772, a second stratum, ten feet thick, and
+    of superior quality, was discovered, at the depth of one hundred and
+    ten yards, the intermediate space being occupied by a solid mass of
+    stone.  This latter bed alone is worked by the following process:—A
+    shaft is sunk, and on reaching the mine a roof of salt is left,
+    supported by pillars of the same material.  As the excavation
+    proceeds, the fragments are raised in buckets by means of
+    steam-engines.  The pits form an area of two, three, or four acres,
+    and when illuminated, present a singularly beautiful and magnificent
+    appearance; the light being reflected from all points in every
+    variety of hue, as from a promiscuous assemblage of mirrors and
+    prisms.  This fairy palace was the scene of an elegant entertainment,
+    given by the spirited proprietors, to about a hundred of the members
+    of the British Association, during the meeting at Liverpool, in 1837.
+
+    From an account published in 1818, it appeared that 200,000 tons of
+    manufactured salt, and upwards of 40,000 tons of rock salt, were
+    landed at Liverpool during the preceding year, and that upwards of
+    280,000 bushels are annually sold for internal consumption, by far
+    the greatest proportion having been obtained in this neighbourhood;
+    since that period the business has materially increased.  The river
+    Weaver and the Grand Trunk Canal afford great facilities for
+    water-carriage from Northwich; and three hundred vessels are employed
+    in the salt trade alone, which return laden with coal.
+
+Passing through one or two slight cuttings, the line commands a fine view
+of Grange Hall, which stands on a well-wooded hill, near to the railway
+on the W.  Eastward, is the village of Weaverham, and Winnington Hall,
+and, in the distance, the Overton Hills.  The cutting at Acton Heath
+terminates near the
+
+
+
+Acton Station.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 68¼—Liverpool and Manchester, 29¼ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+   _Places W. of Station_.        _Places E. of Station_.
+Crowton              1½ mile.  Weaverham             1 mile.
+Cuddington               1¾ —  Barnton              3 miles.
+Kingsley             3 miles.  Great Budworth            5 —
+Delamere House           3½ —
+Tarvin                  10¼ —
+
+HAVING left Acton, the prospect is much impeded for some distance by the
+frequent cuttings through which the line passes; in the intervals, the
+Overton Hills appear on the W.  Aston Hall (seat of the late H. C. Aston,
+Esq.) and grounds are shortly seen on the E., and immediately in front
+lies Dutton Wood.  The traveller now approaches the magnificent viaduct
+crossing the river Weaver and the valley of Dutton.
+
+    This gigantic structure exceeds in magnitude anything of the kind yet
+    accomplished in this country, or perhaps in Europe, not even
+    excepting the Menai Bridge.  The Viaduct is of the Gothic order,
+    formed of red sand-stone procured from the neighbourhood of Bolton
+    and Runcorn; it consists of twenty arches, of sixty feet span, and
+    sixty feet in height, and the battlements add twelve feet more to the
+    height; the whole length is 1,400 feet: 700,000 cubic feet of stone
+    have been used in the work—the whole cost was £50,000.
+
+The grandeur of this stupendous work is greatly enhanced by the richness
+and beauty of the adjacent country.
+
+                        [Picture: Dutton Viaduct]
+
+    _Completion of the Dutton Viaduct_.  On Friday, January 9, 1837, was
+    performed the ceremony of laying the last, or key stone, of the
+    magnificent viaduct across the Weaver, at Dutton.  A party of the
+    directors from Liverpool attended, and were met by Mr. Locke, the
+    engineer, and the resident engineers and contractors on the line.
+    Mr. Heyworth, as the senior director present, after placing the last
+    stone in its bed, addressed the party.  He congratulated the workmen
+    (of whom about one hundred and fifty were present) on their steady
+    perseverance and diligence in bringing to perfection so noble a work:
+    he rejoiced to find, that, in the erection of this, the greatest and
+    first structure of its kind in the kingdom, no life or limb had been
+    sacrificed.  Mr. Locke, the engineer, and the Rev. W. Stanhope, also
+    addressed the meeting.  The health of the workmen was then given by
+    Mr. Locke, amid hearty cheers.  In the evening, the viaduct was
+    illuminated with torches, and fireworks were displayed in great
+    abundance; during which time the workmen were regaled with a good
+    dinner and excellent cheer.—_Chester Courant_.
+
+The traveller who would enjoy glimpses of railroad views, must bear in
+mind the velocity of his conveyance, and prepare to “see whatever can be
+seen,” or the most important objects will have glanced by the windows of
+his comfortable locomotive arm-chair coach, before any second person can
+warn him of their presence.  Emerging from a cutting, which immediately
+succeeds the viaduct, Dutton Hall is observed on the E. backed by wood.
+A short distance farther, a fine rear-view is obtained (only by outside
+passengers we fear) of the Weaver, the vale of Dutton, Cogshall Park
+beyond, and in the distance the range of Derbyshire Hills.  Passing
+between Bird Wood and Dutton Wood, we reach the tunnel at Preston Brook,
+110 yards in length, over which the Chester road passes.
+
+
+
+Preston Brook Station.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 72½—Liverpool and Manchester, 25 miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+     _Places W. of Station_.
+FRODSHAM                 3 miles.
+Ince                         9½ —
+Plemondstall                10½ —
+Thornton Le Moors           11½ —
+Guilden Sutton              11½ —
+Stoak or Stoke              12½ —
+Chester                      13 —
+Backford                     14 —
+
+PRESTON, though a small place, is one of considerable traffic, from its
+vicinity to the salt districts, and to the Grand Trunk Canal.
+
+    Frodsham lies three miles W. of the line at this part; it has a
+    market on Saturday, and fairs on May 15, and August 21.  The
+    principal branch of trade is salt refining, besides which, there are
+    flour mills and cotton factories.  This place is mentioned in
+    Doomsday Book, as being the property of the Earl of Chester.  The
+    town, situated on an eminence on the banks of the Weaver, near its
+    confluence with the Mersey, consists of a broad street, a mile in
+    length; at the E. end is a bridge of four arches over the Weaver, and
+    at the W. end anciently stood a Norman castle; another street leads
+    to the Church, an ancient structure, partly in the Norman style of
+    architecture.
+
+Norton Priory, the residence of Sir Richard Brooke, Bart., is seen on the
+W.  A religious establishment formerly existed here, some ancient parts
+of which are included in the present mansion.  The Duke of Bridgewater’s
+canal runs through the park.  In the rear of Norton Priory, as seen from
+the railway, is the now busy and important town of Runcorn, containing
+10,326 inhabitants.
+
+    In 915, Ethelfleda, sister to King Edward the Elder, widow of
+    Ethelred, King of Mercia, built a town and castle near the river
+    Mersey, at this place, some traces of which are still visible.  In
+    1133, William Fitz Nigel founded here a monastery of canons regular,
+    which, in the reign of Stephen, was removed to Norton Priory above
+    mentioned.
+
+Runcorn is a place of considerable resort for bathing, and has been
+recently much enlarged, and improved by handsome buildings, &c.  The
+township abounds with fine stone quarries, from which great quantities
+are sent by water to Liverpool, Manchester, &c.  Here are extensive
+chemical and soap works, in connexion with which a chimney of 273 feet in
+height, and of great beauty, has recently been erected.  The church is in
+the early and later styles of English architecture.  Near Runcorn are the
+fine ruins of Halton Castle, situated on a steep eminence, and commanding
+an extensive and beautifully varied prospect, including the Mersey
+estuary, the Welsh mountains, and richly-wooded scenery in Cheshire and
+Lancashire.  This fortress was demolished during the civil wars.
+Eastward, passing Keakwick, and Daresbury, where is a fine old church,
+The Elms appear.  Passing which we arrive at
+
+
+
+Moore Station.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 75—Liverpool and Manchester, 22½ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+   _Places W. of Station_.        _Places E. of Station_.
+Halton               3½ miles.  Daresbury          1¼ mile.
+Lower Runcorn              4 —  Hatton                 2¼ —
+Higher Runcorn            4½ —  Stretton               3¾ —
+Weston                     5 —  Grappenhall            4½ —
+
+THE pretty village of Moore is not seen from the line.  Richly-wooded
+country lies on either side the road now, and occasionally peeping
+through the trees, the masts of vessels passing on the Mersey may be
+observed.  The Mersey Viaduct is next traversed.  This, though far less
+grand in appearance than the Dutton Viaduct, is a fine erection of 200
+yards in length, consisting of twelve arches, nine being small, and three
+of larger span, beneath which the river Mersey, and the Mersey and Irwell
+Canal pass.  Shortly after leaving the viaduct the town of Warrington is
+seen on the E., and westward lies Penketh, and the small white buildings
+at Fiddler’s Ferry.
+
+
+
+WARRINGTON STATION.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 78—Liverpool and Manchester, 19½ miles.
+
+      DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:—
+
+  _Places E. of Station_.
+Grappenhall        3½ miles.
+Lymm                    5½ —
+Warburton                8 —
+Bowdon                 11¾ —
+ALTRINGHAM              12 —
+
+WARRINGTON forms a pleasing view from the approaching trains.
+
+    It contains 19,155 inhabitants, and is by some writers supposed to
+    have been originally a British town, and on the invasion of the
+    Romans under Agricola, in 79, to have been converted into a Roman
+    station.  This supposition rests chiefly on the circumstances of
+    three Roman roads tending hitherwards to a ford over the Mersey; the
+    vestiges of a castrum and fosse, still discernable; and the discovery
+    of Roman coins and other relics near the ford.  On its occupation by
+    the Saxons, it obtained the name of _Weringtun_, from _Wæring_, a
+    fortification, and _tun_, a town.  The river was passed by ford till
+    1496, when Thomas, first Earl of Derby, erected a stone bridge in
+    compliment to Henry VII., when on his visit to Latham and Knowsley.
+    In the reign of Henry VIII., Leland, speaking of Warrington, says,
+    “It is a pavid towne of prety bignes, the paroche chirce is at the
+    tayle of the towne; it is a better market than Manchestre.”  In the
+    civil wars of 1643, the Royalists of the place betook themselves to
+    the _church_, which they fortified, but the Parliamentarian battery
+    dislodged them from their military sanctuary.  The town is pleasantly
+    situated on the Mersey; the streets are chiefly narrow, but contain
+    some good buildings.
+
+Prior to the construction of the railroad between Liverpool and
+Manchester, seventy stage-coaches passed through Warrington daily; now
+only _four_ run.  The manufactures comprise muslin, calico, velveteen,
+sailcloth, (which was formerly the staple trade,) pins, files, hardware,
+glass, malt, soap, and ale of strength and quality renowned.  Railways,
+rivers, and canals, facilitate trade materially.  The market days are
+Wednesday and Saturday; the fairs commence July 18 and November 30,
+continuing ten days.  There are cloth halls, and various public
+buildings, and a fine old church, dedicated to St. Helen; the
+architecture exhibits traces of various styles and periods.  Two ancient
+sepulchral chapels remain, and contain some magnificent monuments of the
+Boteler, Massey, and Patten families.  There are two other churches, and
+various dissenting chapels and meetings, Free Grammar School, Blue Coat
+School, and many others, also Hospitals and other excellent institutions.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+WARRINGTON TO NEWTON JUNCTION,
+Four and ¾ Miles.
+
+
+PASSING on from Warrington, the line commands a view W. of Busey Hall,
+(seat of Lord Lilford,) a fine old mansion, surrounded by wood; a little
+farther, is Burton Wood and Bold Heath and Park, (seat of Sir Henry
+Houghton,) also on the W., Orford Hall (seat of Hon. Mrs. Hornby) on the
+E., and Billinge Beacon Hill N.W.  The spire of Winwick Church is seen
+shortly before arriving at
+
+
+
+Winwick Station,
+
+
+which, though not mentioned in the Company’s list, has, since the opening
+of the railway, been used as a station, for the accommodation of persons
+in the vicinity.
+
+                        [Picture: Winwick Church]
+
+    Winwick Church is a beautiful and ancient edifice, with a lofty
+    spire; and is said to be coeval with the establishment of the
+    Christian religion in this country.
+
+                        [Picture: Winwick Church]
+
+    Winwick Hall, residence of the Rector and Lord of the Manor, the Rev.
+    J. J. Hornby, is near the church.  This living is one of the
+    wealthiest in the kingdom.  Between the village of Winwick and town
+    of Newton, is an elevated piece of ground, called Red Bank, from its
+    having been, in 1648, the scene of a battle between Oliver Cromwell
+    and the Scots, when the latter were defeated with great slaughter.
+
+A short distance brings us to the
+
+                             Newton Junction.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+NEWTON JUNCTION TO LIVERPOOL.
+Fourteen and ¾ Miles.
+
+
+HAVING to describe the railroad branches to Liverpool and Manchester, we
+shall now continue our account along the Liverpool part of the line, and
+in the next Chapter take the “Newton to Manchester” portion.  Leaving the
+Newton Junction, and turning to the left, the E. becomes North, and the
+W. we must call South.  The constant traffic on the Liverpool and
+Manchester line, and the numerous trains journeying to and fro, render it
+a much more busy and stirring scene than the Birmingham railroad is at
+present.
+
+    The Grand Junction Company rent the use of this Liverpool and
+    Manchester railway at 20,000 per annum.  The exact length of the
+    Liverpool and Manchester railway, from the station, Lime-street,
+    Liverpool, to Water-street, Manchester, is thirty miles and three
+    quarters, and thirty yards.
+
+A short distance from the Junction is the Sankey Viaduct, a grand and
+stupendous work; the arches are nine in number, and fifty feet span; the
+embankments leading to and from it, are from sixty to eighty feet above
+the level country.  Newton Common and Race-ground, the stand on which is
+a conspicuous object, lie to the N., with the Billinge hills behind,
+Burton Wood S., and the Sankey Canal winds along from either side.  After
+passing
+
+
+
+Collin’s Green Station
+
+
+Bold Hall (seat of Sir Henry Houghton) appears to the S., and we soon
+enter on the Parr Moss, passing the Sutton copper works on the N.
+
+
+
+St. Helen’s and Runcorn Junction Station.
+
+
+HERE the St. Helen’s line branches to the N., and the Runcorn Gap
+Railway, S.  Shirley Hall lies on the N. side.  On the S., is the
+Engine-house, where an engine is stationed to assist trains in ascending
+the Sutton inclined plane.  Proceeding through the Sutton cutting, and
+under several fine arches, the
+
+
+
+Lea Green Station, (top of Sutton incline,)
+
+
+at the summit of the elevation, is gained, and Rainhill level entered
+upon.  The village of Sutton and Grove Hall are nearly hidden from view
+by the surrounding trees.
+
+
+
+Kendrick’s Cross Station, Rainhill.
+
+
+FROM Rainhill station the line passes through a short cutting, and then
+descends the Whiston inclined plane.  Prescot Church is on the N. side,
+with Ellsby Hills and Halton Castle on the S.
+
+                    [Picture: Prescot Town And Church]
+
+The town of Prescot, one mile N. of the line, lies principally on a
+substratum of coal, several mines of which are excavated to its very
+edge.  The district has long been noted for the superior construction of
+watch tools and motion-work.  The drawing of pinion-wire originated here;
+and small files, considered to be of great excellence, are made and
+exported in large quantities.  Coarse earthenware, especially sugar
+moulds, are here made from the clay of the neighbourhood, which is
+particularly adapted to the purpose.  The plate-glass works at Ravenhead
+are very extensive and celebrated.  The concave and convex mirrors, and
+large plate-glass, being equal, if not superior to any produced on the
+Continent.  The Church is ancient; the spire, which was rebuilt in 1789,
+is 156 feet high, and is a fine object from the railroad.  In the Church
+are several monuments, one by Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A., is of great
+beauty.  John Philip Kemble, the tragedian, was born at Prescot, in 1757.
+The view of the Cheshire hills in the southward distance, is rich and
+extensive.
+
+    Knowsley Park, seat of the Earl of Derby, appears on the N.  The
+    mansion has evidently been erected at different periods; its most
+    ancient part is of stone, and is said to have been raised by the
+    first Earl of Derby, for the reception of his son-in-law, King Henry
+    VII., in whose honours the Earl had been mainly instrumental.  Great
+    enlargement and decoration of the mansion took place on occasion of
+    this royal visit: a handsome stone bridge was thrown across the
+    Mersey at Warrington, and an embankment or causeway thrown up across
+    the marshes to the rising ground on the Cheshire side.  Many valuable
+    and interesting pictures adorn the mansion, which is surrounded by a
+    beautiful park.
+
+Several coal, lime, and marble works are passed on either side; and while
+traversing the Huyton embankment, Preston church, the Hazels, seat of
+Joseph Birch, Esq., and the church and village of Huyton are observed on
+the N.  On the S. appears Childwall park, hall, and church; beyond, is
+Woolton hall, seat of N. Ashton, Esq.; the whole scene finely wooded.
+
+
+
+Huyton Gate and Roby-lane Gate Stations
+
+
+are shortly passed; the village of Roby lies S. of the line, and closely
+adjoining it.  Proceeding onwards, along a pleasant but not very
+interesting part, Summer-hill house is seen, the seat of Thomas Case,
+Esq.; also, the little church of Notting Ash and Childwall hall, a seat
+of the Marquis of Salisbury.
+
+
+
+Broad Green Station.
+
+
+A FEW yards from the station, on the N. side, is a place for the landing
+of cattle, sheep, &c.  The line now enters the Olive Mount excavation,
+which is an immense chasm, cut in the solid rock, to the depth of from 50
+to 70 feet, the precipitous rock forming a grand wall on either side.
+The village of Wavertree lies S. of the line, after emerging from the
+Olive Mount ravine; Spekelands, the residence of Mrs. Earle, lies also on
+the S., and on the N. is the residence of C. Lawrence, Esq. Here the
+Liverpool tunnels commence; one, for conveying passengers, &c., into the
+Company’s station-yard in Lime-street, turns off on the right hand, and
+is 2,230 yards long, 25 feet wide, and 17 feet high.  The other, for the
+conveyance of goods, direct to the docks, in a straighter continuation of
+the line, is 2,250 yards long, 22 feet wide, and 16 feet high.  Engines
+are stationed on each side of the line at this part, each of forty-horse
+power, to draw the trains up the inclined plane of the tunnel, in coming
+out of Liverpool, and let them down on their arrival from Birmingham.
+The locomotive engines being attached to and detached from the trains at
+this station.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+“A Friend to Railways,” in a letter to the Editor of the Railway
+Magazine, May 1838, thus describes the mode of drawing the trains up the
+inclined plane:—
+
+    “At the upper end of the tunnel, which is 2,250 yards long, there is
+    one pair of engines on each side of the road; it being found that a
+    much more regular motion is given by this means to the carriages.
+    The engines are high-pressure, with side-levers, similar to marine
+    engines; the connecting-rods, however, are reversed, and work the
+    crank downwards, and are connected to a horizontal shaft of great
+    strength running across and under the road in a tunnel, upon which
+    shaft a large drum-wheel is placed that works the rope.  In each
+    engine-house is a raised platform, upon which the man stands who
+    works the engines; this platform leads to a balcony on the outside of
+    the engine-house, from which the man can look down the mouth of the
+    tunnel; a signal is given by means of an air-pipe running through the
+    tunnel, so formed at the upper end as to produce a sound when the air
+    is forced into it from the lower extremity.  This, I believe, is the
+    invention of Mr. King, of Liverpool.  The engine-man on hearing the
+    signal, opens the steam-cock, and the engines start instantly.  This
+    work was designed by Mr. Grantham, of the foundery of Messrs. Mather
+    and Dickson, of Liverpool, where the machinery was constructed.”
+
+Having now given an account of the whole journey, we must proceed to a
+brief history and memoir of Liverpool itself.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+LIVERPOOL.
+
+
+LIVERPOOL is an ancient sea-port, borough, and market town, 205 miles
+from London, containing 205,964 inhabitants, exclusive of 10,000 seamen.
+
+    Of its remote antiquity but little can be asserted, amidst the great
+    contrariety of opinion which is held on this subject.  Liverpool is
+    not noticed in any of the Roman Itinera, neither does the name occur
+    in the Norman survey.  After the conquest it was granted by William,
+    to Roger de Poictiers, together with all the land between the Ribble
+    and the Mersey, and subsequently forfeited.  It was thereupon granted
+    to the Earls of Chester; and on forfeiture by their descendants, to
+    Edmund, son of Henry III., as parcel of the honour of Lancaster; and
+    it remained an integral part of the duchy possessions, until its
+    alienation by Charles I., in 1628.
+
+    Various opinions have been hazarded regarding the etymology of the
+    name, without reference to the most ancient documents in which it has
+    been discovered.  John, whilst Earl of Moreton, and in possession of
+    the honour of Lancaster, confirmed a grant made by his father, Henry
+    II., to Warin de Lancaster, of _Liverpul_, with other places, under a
+    certain _reddendum_.  In subsequent records it is written _Lyrpul_,
+    _Lythyrpul_, &c., signifying, probably, in the ancient dialect of
+    this country, the “lower pool.”  Some deduce its etymology from a
+    pool frequented by an aquatic fowl, called a “Liver,” or from a
+    sea-weed of that name; others, and with much more reason, from the
+    ancient British word _Lir_, “the sea,” and a spreading water or pool,
+    viz., the sea pool, or sea-water pool.
+
+    Camden says the Castle was built by Roger de Poictiers, in 1089; it
+    certainly was erected at a very early period.  In October, 1323,
+    Edward II. dates his orders, &c., from Liverpool Castle; and in
+    April, 1358, Henry, Duke of Lancaster, resided there for a month.  It
+    was demolished by order of Parliament, during the commonwealth, and
+    in 1715, its site was granted by Queen Anne, to the corporation, who
+    built St. George’s Church upon it.  On King John ascending the
+    throne, at his brother’s death, he again came into possession of the
+    honour of Lancaster, and granted a charter to the town of Liverpool,
+    which Henry III., in 1229, confirmed, made the town a free borough,
+    instituted a guild merchant, and granted additional privileges.
+    These charters have been confirmed, and further ones granted by
+    succeeding sovereigns.  The several mandates for fitting-out and
+    providing vessels for the royal service, addressed by Edward II. and
+    III., and subsequent kings, afford proof of its then being a place of
+    extensive trade at this early period; and the fact of the royal order
+    for the prohibition of the export of grain, in the time of Richard
+    III., being transmitted to Liverpool only, is also a proof of its
+    then being the only shipping port in the country.  Leland, in 1558,
+    described it thus: “_Lyrpole_, alias _Lyrpoole_, a pavid towne, hath
+    but a chapel, Walton, a iiii miles off, not far from the se, is
+    paroche chirche.  The king hath a castell there, and the Earle of
+    Darbe hath a stone house there.  Irisch marchants cum much thither,
+    as to a good haven.  After that Mersey water cumming towards Runcorne
+    in Cheshire liseth among the commune people the name, and is Lyrpole.
+    At Lyrpole is smaule costume payid that causith merchants to resorte.
+    Good marchaundis at Lyrpole, and much Irisch yarn that Manchester men
+    do by ther.”  Liverpool appears to have declined, probably from the
+    baneful influences of the wars of York and Lancaster, until the
+    latter part of the reign of Elizabeth, when, in a petition from the
+    inhabitants to the Queen, it is described as “Her Majesty’s poor
+    decayed town of Liverpool.”  Its poverty may be understood from the
+    fact, that when Charles I. levied his iniquitous and despotic tax of
+    ship money, this town was rated at £26 only, while Bristol was rated
+    at £1,000.  In the civil war Liverpool was alternately held by the
+    Parliamentarians, taken by Prince Rupert, and retaken by the
+    Parliament.  In the reign of William III., that monarch, with part of
+    his train, embarked at this port for Ireland, previously to the
+    battle of the Boyne; and regiments and privateer vessels were here
+    equipped against the Pretender and the French.
+
+    Times and manners are somewhat changed here since 1617, when one of
+    the orders of the common-council demanded, “that every council-man
+    shall come to council _clean-shaved_, and in his long clothes.”
+    Slander and gossip were very severely punished by the civic
+    dignitaries, it being a law, “that if any man speak ill of the mayor,
+    he shall lose his freedom.”
+
+The most important feature in the history of this place, is the
+extraordinary rapidity with which it has risen into a degree of splendour
+and importance, without example in the history of any commercial country.
+Among the causes which have produced its elevation to a rank but
+partially inferior to the metropolis, are, its situation on the shore of
+a noble river, which expands into a wide estuary; its proximity to the
+Irish coast; its central position with respect to the United Kingdom; its
+intimate connexion with the principal manufacturing districts, and with
+every part of the kingdom, by numerous rivers, canals, and railroads, and
+the persevering industry and enterprising spirit of its inhabitants.
+Without the romance, we may see among them the reality of the
+merchant-nobles of Genoa and Venice; and the grandeur which pervades the
+modern buildings of our English port may scarcely be outvied in
+stateliness, and certainly not in fitness and utility, by any palace-city
+of the past.
+
+As we passed along the busy quays of these crowded docks, and thought of
+the wealth conveyed by the winged couriers of the ocean there
+congregated, the following gorgeous lines in Marlow’s Jew of Malta,
+occurred to us: perhaps the expectant owners of argosies bound
+hitherward, deal not quite so largely as the poet’s Croesus, in jewelled
+treasures; but we cannot very honestly change amethysts into tobacco, nor
+bags of fiery opals into bales of cotton wool; the circumstances of the
+case may therefore be allowed to vary a little, without our transposing
+the terms:—
+
+    “As for those Samnites, and the men of Uzz,
+    That bought my Spanish oils, and wines of Greece,
+    Here have I purst their paltry silverlings,
+    Fie! what a trouble ’tis to count this trash!
+    Give me the merchants of the Indian mines,
+    That trade in metal of the purest gold;
+    The wealthy Moor, that in the eastern rocks
+    Without control can pick his riches up,
+    And in his house keep pearls like pebble stones;
+    Receive them free, and sell them by the weight:
+    Bags of fiery opals, sapphires, amethysts,
+    Jacinths, hard topaz, grass-green emeralds,
+    Beauteous rubies, sparkling diamonds,
+    And seld’ seen costly stones of so great price,
+    As one of them, indifferently rated,
+    And of a caract of this quality
+    May serve, in peril of calamity
+    To rescue great kings from captivity.
+    This is the ware wherein consists my wealth,
+    And thus methinks, should men of judgment frame
+    Their means of traffic from the vulgar trade,
+    And as their wealth increaseth, so inclose
+    Infinite riches in a little room.
+    But now—how stands the wind?
+    Into what corner peers my halcyon’s bill?
+    Ha! to east? yes:—see how stands the vane?
+    East and by south, why then I hope my ships
+    I sent from Egypt, and the bordering isles,
+    Are gotten up by Nilus’ winding banks:
+    Mine argosies from Alexandria,
+    Loaden with spice and silks, now under sail
+    Are smoothly gliding down by Candy shore
+    To Malta, through our Mediterranean sea.”
+
+We have, ere this, noted many a merchant (not of Venice) to whom we have
+mentally applied Salarino’s words to Antonio; and few will grudge the
+space we here occupy, by a quotation so apt and beautiful:—
+
+    “_Salorino_.  Your mind is tossing on the ocean;
+    There, where your argosies with portly sail,
+    Like seigniors and rich burghers of the flood,
+    Or, as it were, the pageants of the sea,—
+    Do overpeer the petty traffickers,
+    That curtsey to them, do them reverence,
+    As they fly by them with their woven wings.
+                   —My wind, cooling my broth,
+    Would blow me to an ague, when I thought
+    What harm a wind too great might do at sea.
+    I should not see the sandy hour-glass run,
+    But I should think of shallows and of flats,
+    And see my wealthy Andrew docked in sand,
+    Vailing her high-top lower than her ribs,
+    To kiss her burial.  Should I go to church,
+    And see the holy edifice of stone,
+    And not bethink me straight of dangerous rocks?
+    Which touching but my gentle vessel’s side,
+    Would scatter all her spices on the stream,
+    Enrobe the rolling waters with my silks,
+    And, in a word, but even now worth this,
+    And now worth nothing.  Shall I have the thought
+    To think on this; and shall I lack the thought
+    That such a thing be-chanced, would make me sad?
+    But, tell not me; I know, Antonio
+    Is sad to think upon his merchandise.
+    _Antonio_.  Believe me, No; I thank my fortune for it,
+    My ventures are not in one bottom trusted,
+    Nor to one place: nor is my whole estate
+    Upon the fortune of this present year:
+    Therefore my merchandise makes me not sad.”
+
+                                                               SHAKSPEARE.
+
+    The commerce of the port may be divided into three branches: first,
+    the trade with Ireland, whence a variety of produce, chiefly grain,
+    cattle, &c., is imported, the gross value of which has amounted
+    annually to £4,497,708, exclusive of linen and manufactured wares.
+    Liverpool enjoys about two-fifths of the Irish trade.  The chief
+    exports are British manufactured goods, salt, coal, and general
+    merchandise.  The second principal branch of trade is that with the
+    United States of America, of which it engrosses more than
+    three-fourths of the whole commerce of the kingdom.  The chief import
+    is cotton wool, and from this port Manchester and the manufacturing
+    districts are supplied with the raw material.  Tobacco is also
+    imported to an _alarming_ extent.  The average quantity annually
+    introduced for the contamination of our atmosphere, being 7,623
+    _hogsheads_—what a fearful store of materials for smoking the brains,
+    and dusting the nostrils of our fellow-creatures!  A great quantity
+    of American flour is also imported.  The third branch of the trade is
+    that with the West Indies, which commenced about the middle of the
+    seventeenth century, and which was previously engrossed by London and
+    Bristol.  Sugar, rum, and coffee, are the chief luxuries we receive
+    thence through the other ports.  The trade with the East Indies is
+    smaller; the imports are cotton, indigo, hides, ginger, pepper, and
+    sugar.  With the ports of the Mediterranean and Levant seas,
+    Liverpool has considerable traffic, importing wine, fruits, lemon and
+    lime juice, olive and other oils, barilla, and brimstone.  From Egypt
+    is brought cotton; and from the Baltic sea-ports, timber, tallow, &c.
+    The gross receipts of the customs at this port alone, exceed the sum
+    derived from the nine other principal ports of the three kingdoms
+    (London excepted), viz., Bristol, Hull, Newcastle, Leith, Glasgow,
+    Greenock, Dublin, Belfast, and Cork.  Vessels from, and bound to, all
+    parts of the globe, are congregated here; and there is scarcely a
+    place in the world accessible to the British flag, to which a ready
+    conveyance is not afforded from this enterprising port.
+
+The harbour is capacious and secure: at the entrance of the river is the
+Black Rock Lighthouse, erected on a point of rock on the western coast.
+A floating light is also placed eleven miles seaward from the mouth of
+the river.
+
+For the security of the shipping in the port, and for the greater
+facility of loading and unloading merchandise, immense ranges of docks
+and warehouses, extending upwards of two miles along the eastern bank of
+the river, have been constructed, on a scale of unparalleled
+magnificence; and forming one of those characteristics of commercial
+greatness in which this town is unrivalled.  The docks are of three
+kinds:—the wet docks, which are chiefly for ships of great burden,
+employed in the foreign trade, and which float in them at all states of
+the tide, the water being retained by gates; the dry docks, so called
+because they are left dry when the tide is out, are chiefly appropriated
+to coasting vessels; and the graving docks, which admit or exclude the
+water at pleasure, are adapted to the repair of ships, during which they
+are kept dry, and when completed are floated out by admitting the tide.
+The Canning Dock is chiefly occupied by sloops from the north coast,
+which import corn, provisions, and slate, and convey back the produce of
+the Mediterranean, the West Indies, Portugal, and the Baltic: it has a
+quay 500 yards in length.  The Salthouse Dock is for vessels in the
+Levant, Irish, and coasting trades: the quay is 759 yards in extent.
+George’s Dock has a quay 1001 yards in length.  The King’s Dock is
+appropriated to vessels from Virginia and other parts, laden with
+tobacco; which article is exclusively landed here, and occupies a range
+of warehouses 575 feet in length, and 239 in depth.  The Queen’s Dock,
+470 yards long, with a spacious quay, is chiefly occupied by vessels
+freighted with timber, and by those employed in the Dutch and Baltic
+trades.  The Brunswick Dock is larger than any of the preceding, and
+receives vessels laden with timber.  Prince’s Dock is 500 yards in
+length, with spacious quays, and along the west side is a beautiful
+marine parade, 750 yards long, and eleven wide, defended by a stone
+parapet wall, from which is a delightful view of the river and the
+shipping: it is much frequented as a promenade.  To the westward of these
+are the Clarence Dock and Basin, appropriated solely to the use of the
+steam vessels trading to and from the port: there are several smaller
+docks, and considerable additions are contemplated.  When these are
+completed, the whole range of docks will be two miles and 820 yards in
+length, exclusively of the openings to the several docks: the total area
+of water space contained in them is upwards of ninety statute acres, and
+the extent of the quays in lineal measure is 12,511 yards, or upwards of
+seven miles; yet spacious as they are, they are still considered
+inadequate to the increasing commerce of the port.  Several ranges of
+commodious baths are situated in the vicinity of the docks; there are
+hot, cold, floating, and medicated vapour baths.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The new Custom-house is a superb and beautiful edifice, in the Grecian
+style of architecture, 454 feet in length, 224 in depth, with three
+principal fronts of great magnificence.  The Exchange buildings, erected
+by the late Mr. John Forster, form sides of a quadrangular area, in the
+centre of which is a monument to the memory of Lord Nelson.  The north
+front of the Hall forms the fourth side of this square.  This is a
+stately and magnificent structure in the Grecian style, with four elegant
+fronts, and contains on the ground floor a council-room, and apartments
+for the mayor, town clerk, pensioners, and corporation.  The grand
+staircase leads into a spacious saloon, splendidly decorated with royal
+portraits by Lawrence, Hopner, Phillips, &c.  Two spacious ball-rooms,
+and two richly furnished drawing rooms, decorated with marble pillars,
+chandeliers, &c., are entered from the saloon.  A grand banquet-room,
+refectory, &c., &c., fitted up with great taste and splendour, are also
+comprised in this grand suite of apartments.  The Public Subscription
+Libraries are numerous and well selected.  The Athenæum contains a
+news-room and an extensive library.  The Lyceum is a handsome edifice of
+the Ionic order; contains a library, coffee-room, lecture, and
+committee-rooms.  The Union News-room, Exchange News-room, Medical and
+Law Libraries, are all well supported.  The Royal Institution is a
+spacious and handsome edifice, containing on the ground floor, lecture,
+reading, and school-rooms; on the first floor, a large room for the
+Literary and Philosophical Society, a library, museum, spacious
+exhibition rooms for the Liverpool Academy of painting, &c.  On the roof
+is an observatory, and behind are a laboratory and a theatre for chemical
+and philosophical experiments.  This institution was formed in 1814, for
+the advancement of literature, science, and the arts; and the members
+were incorporated by royal charter, in 1822.  Professors, lecturers, and
+masters are appointed by the society.  The Botanic Gardens near Edge
+Hill, and the Zoological Gardens, are valuable additions to the rational
+and profitable amusements of the inhabitants.  There is a Theatre,
+Amphitheatre, and Circus, the former for the drama, the two latter for
+equestrian performances and pantomimes.  The Wellington Rooms, for balls,
+are admirably adapted for such gay scenes.  The summer races in July
+continue four days, the course lies five miles to the N.E. of the town.
+The grand stand is capable of accommodating 2,000 persons.  The chartered
+market days are Wednesday and Saturday, and for corn, Tuesday and Friday.
+The Market-houses are numerous, handsome, and commodious.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The corporation of Liverpool have an income of above £100,000 per annum,
+a great portion of which is expended in the improvement of the port and
+embellishment of the town.  The Churches of the Establishment are about
+twenty-four in number, some of them of great architectural beauty.  In
+addition to the Churchyards, there are two extensive Cemeteries, one near
+Edge-hill; the other occupying a large tract of ground, excavated as a
+quarry for stone used in the building of the docks, and converted into a
+depository for the dead, at an expense of £21,000; it is tastefully laid
+out, and has a suitable chapel for the performance of the funeral
+service.  The buildings dedicated to religious purposes by the several
+sects of Dissenters, are about forty in number, some of them of
+considerable beauty.  The Public Schools are very numerous, and so well
+supported as to render them valuably and most extensively useful.  That
+for the indigent blind, was established in 1791; 120 pupils now receive
+instruction in various branches, and are taught spinning, basket-making,
+the weaving of linen, sacking, carpeting, the making of list shoes,
+twine, worsted rugs, and other trades, by which they may earn a
+livelihood; they are also instructed in music.  Asylums and Institutions,
+too numerous to be here enumerated; Hospitals, Infirmaries; Societies for
+the assistance and relief of aged seamen, and other humane and admirable
+purposes, are, by the munificence of the inhabitants, all enabled to
+administer in no small degree to the wants and misfortunes of suffering
+fellow-beings.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Among the distinguished natives of the town may be noticed Jeremiah
+Horrox, the astronomer, born 1619, at Toxteth Park, near Liverpool.  He
+is supposed to have been the first person who ever predicted or observed
+the transit of Venus over the sun’s disk.  He died on the 3rd of January,
+1641, a few days after completing his treatise on the transit which took
+place in the November preceding.  George Stubbs, the animal painter, born
+1724.  William Sadler, who invented the application of copper-plate
+prints to the embellishment of earthenware.  William Roscoe, author of
+the lives of Lorenzo de Medici, and of Leo X.  He died in 1831, aged
+seventy-nine, equally beloved and regretted for his excellence as a man,
+and for his ability as an author.  The Rev. William Shepherd, author of
+the life of Poggio Brachiolini, &c., an elegant writer, and earnest
+reformer.  Dr. Currie, the intelligent biographer of Burns, was also a
+native of Liverpool, as was the gentle-minded and truly feminine poet,
+Felicia Hemans.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The manufactures of Liverpool, are chiefly such as are connected with the
+port and the shipping, the promotion of its commerce, and the supply of
+its inhabitants.  There are several very large sugar refineries,
+extensive potteries, glass-houses, breweries, tanneries, salt and
+copperas works, iron and brass foundries, foundries for cannon, anchors,
+chain-cables, and steam engine machinery, manufactories for
+steam-boilers, engines, also guns, small arms, sails, cordage, watches,
+tobacco, snuff, and soap.  There are numerous mills for grinding corn,
+mustard, colours, and dye-woods: the manufacture of soap exceeds that of
+any place in England.  The average number of watches made annually, is
+11,500, a number greater than any town, except London.  Ship-building is
+carried on to a great extent; several men-of-war have been launched from
+the dock-yards; and in the building of steam vessels, Liverpool takes the
+lead of all other ports.  The trade of the town is greatly facilitated by
+the extensive inland navigation in every direction, by which it is
+connected with the manufacturing districts and chief towns in the
+kingdom.  No less than five water conveyances fall into the Mersey, viz.,
+the Mersey and Irwell Navigation, Duke of Bridgewater’s Canal, Sankey
+Canal, Chester and Ellesmere Canal, and Weaver Navigation, opening
+communication with Manchester, Bolton, Hull, South Lancashire,
+Birmingham, Worcestershire, South of England, and Wales.
+
+    The information required by the traveller respecting inns,
+    coach-offices, &c., will be found in the Appendix; together with a
+    list of places of amusement and interest, worthy the attention of a
+    stranger in this great and truly splendid sea-port.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+NEWTON JUNCTION TO MANCHESTER,
+Fourteen and ¾ Miles.
+
+
+ON leaving the Newton (or, as it is called in the neighbourhood,
+Warrington) Junction, the neat little town of Newton is seen N. of the
+line, not far from the Legh Arms Hotel, a comfortable and reasonable
+house.
+
+                        [Picture: Town of Newton]
+
+Opposite, lying S. of the line, we again see the spire of Winwick Church,
+Mow Copp, and the Cheshire and Rivington hills appear in the distance.
+
+
+
+Park Side Station.
+
+
+HERE the machine and apparatus for supplying the engines with fuel and
+water is well worth observing, though with great caution, as there are
+five lines of rails in this place; and the difficulty of escaping from a
+coming train is no small one to a stranger, who, standing upon, or among
+them, would find himself greatly bewildered in any emergency.  The
+horrible death of Mr. Huskisson, from the injuries he received at this
+very spot, may be a salutary warning to the adventurous.  A white marble
+slab in the wall commemorates the awful event, which it is useless to
+allude to further, the particulars being so well known.  The Wigan
+Junction Line branches off a short distance from this point.  Passing a
+short cutting on Highfield Moor, we reach the most considerable one on
+the Manchester and Liverpool line, the Kenyon excavation, the materials
+taken from which contributed mainly towards the adjacent embankments.
+The Bolton Junction line turns N. from this part, at which is
+
+
+
+The Bolton Junction Station.
+
+
+WE now enter on the Brossley embankment, and observe Culcheth Hall, S.,
+and Hurst Hall, N. of the line; the former the residence of T. E.
+Withington, Esq., the latter of T. Molineux Steel, Esq.
+
+
+
+Bury-Lane Station
+
+
+closely adjoins the Chat Moss tavern, near which the line crosses the
+little stream Glazebrook.  S. is a farmhouse, called Light Oats Hall.
+Here commences an embankment planted with trees; passing which we enter
+on the famed Chat Moss, formerly a barren and cultureless waste; but at
+length yielding to agricultural skill and industry, several portions
+having already been drained and successfully cultivated.
+
+                           [Picture: Chat Moss]
+
+The road traverses this immense bog for a distance of four miles and
+three quarters.  S. of the line is a fine view of the Cheshire and
+Derbyshire hills, with the village of Astley and Tildsley Church spire.
+Rivington Pike, and the Billinge Beacon lie on the N., and the Chat Moss
+all around.  Immense labour and perseverance were required to achieve the
+great work of forming a firm and durable road over this swampy tract,
+which varies in depth from ten to above thirty feet.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Several neat habitations are now erected on the farmlands redeemed from
+the swamp: of these, Barton Moss Farm is the chief.  N. of the Moss lies
+Worsley Hall, seen from the line, on an eminence.  Botany Bay, a place of
+singularly ill-omened name, is also on the left, or N. side.  The hills
+before mentioned still form the back ground of the views on either side.
+Leaving the Chat Moss by the Barton embankment, the line passes
+
+
+
+Patricroft Station;
+
+
+Near to this are large iron foundries and silk works.  The Bridgewater
+Canal passes under, and the turnpike-road over, the line.  Monton Church
+and village appear N. of the road; and shortly after, the village and
+Church of Eccles are seen on the S.
+
+                         [Picture: Eccles Church]
+
+This small place has achieved fame by two means: the death of Mr.
+Huskisson, which took place at the house of the Rev. Mr. Blackburn; and
+by its cakes, which the traveller is invited to purchase by a board over
+the door of a house close by the station, on which is inscribed, “This is
+the noted Eccles cake shop.”  Passing
+
+
+
+Waste Lane Station
+
+
+some cottages and factories, and the city of chimneys, Manchester, appear
+in view.  The village of Tinker’s Hollow, and
+
+
+
+Cross Lane Bridge Station
+
+
+being passed, also sundry arches and bridges across the river Irwell, and
+the engine, trains, and travellers, are received into the Company’s yard
+in Manchester.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+MANCHESTER.
+
+
+THE town of Manchester, including Salford, contains 270,960 inhabitants,
+and is distant from London 186 miles, and from Liverpool thirty-one by
+the railroad.
+
+    The origin of this town, which is remarkable for the extent of its
+    trade, and the importance of its manufactures, may be traced to
+    remote antiquity.  In the time of the Druids, it was distinguished as
+    one of the principal stations of their priests, and celebrated for
+    the privilege of sanctuary attached to its altar, which, in the
+    British language, was called _Meyne_, signifying a stone.  Prior to
+    the Christian era, it was one of the principal seats of the
+    Brigantes, who had a castle or stronghold, called _Mancenion_, or the
+    place of tents, near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell,
+    the site of which, still called the “Castle Field,” was selected as a
+    station by the Romans, on their conquest of this part of Britain
+    under Agricola, about the year 79, and called by them _Mancunium_,
+    whence the Saxon _Manceastre_, and our _Manchester_.  The Romans
+    occupied this station during nearly four centuries, and formed roads,
+    branching off to their surrounding settlements.  Various antiquities
+    have been from time to time discovered in the neighbourhood.  After
+    the departure of the Romans, a party of Saxons took the fort from the
+    Britons, to whom the garrison afterwards surrendered.  In 620, it was
+    captured by Edwin, King of Northumbria.  In 627, the inhabitants were
+    converted to Christianity, by Paulinus, a missionary from Gregory I.
+    Manchester having been taken by the Danes, was wrested from their
+    possession, about 920, by Edward the Elder, who rebuilt and fortified
+    the town and castle.  For some time it continued prosperous, but
+    suffered greatly in the wars between the Danes and Northumbrians.
+    The early history of all ancient towns, chiefly “pertains to feats of
+    broils and battles;” castles founded, demolished, and rebuilt, to be
+    destroyed again; baronial feuds and fierce invasions; with the faint
+    and fruitless struggles of _right_ against _might_, make up the dark
+    and bloody record.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+    After the twelfth century, a calmer period arrived; and, though
+    occasionally troubled by the pest of war, the fortunes of the now
+    wealthy town of Manchester, have been progressively increasing.  From
+    the year 1352, we may date the commencement of its manufacturing
+    celebrity, when a kind of woollen cloth, made from the fleece, in an
+    unprepared state, called “Manchester cotton,” was introduced; and
+    some Flemish artisans, invited into England, by Edward III., settled
+    in the town, and brought the woollen manufacture to a considerable
+    degree of perfection.  At the time of the Reformation, an
+    ecclesiastical commission was established at Manchester, and
+    exercised great intolerance, imprisoning and executing numbers of
+    popish recusants; another of the black and by-gone deeds of our past
+    “dark ages.”  During the Parliamentary war, the head-quarters of the
+    Parliamentarian army, in Lancashire, were fixed at Manchester, which
+    was fortified and defended too well for the Royalist forces to be
+    successful in any of their repeated attacks.  In 1652, the walls were
+    thrown down, the fortifications demolished, and the gates carried
+    away and sold.  The good town of Manchester had grown great and
+    wealthy; but we much doubt if it had become particularly grave or
+    wise, since we know that extravagant rejoicings, accompanied by every
+    splendour of pomp and ceremony, took place at the restoration of the
+    not-too-excellent King Charles II., in whose honour, and to the
+    glorification of the thirsty woollen-weavers, the public conduits
+    flowed with streams of wine, instead of water; a celebration worthy
+    of the “merry monarch.”
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+    In 1745, Prince Charles Edward entered Manchester with his army, and
+    took up his abode in the house of Mr. Dickenson, in Market-street,
+    when he levied money, raised men and horses for his service, and
+    after marching about the country, made a rapid retreat into Scotland,
+    before the army of the Duke of Cumberland.  The officers of the
+    Manchester regiment, were tried for high treason, and executed on
+    Kennington Common, two of the heads being placed on Temple Bar, and
+    two on the Exchange, Manchester.  With this inhuman and disgraceful
+    event, the record of the “fortunes of war,” connected with this
+    place, ends,—we will trust for ever.
+
+The various manufactures carried on in Manchester, would occupy a
+descriptive work of no small extent, in themselves; and the account which
+so small a volume as the present can find space for, must be brief
+indeed.  The staple trade is the cotton manufacture, which, in all its
+branches, is carried on to an almost incredible extent.  From the time of
+Edward III., when the “Manchester cottons” were first introduced, this
+branch of trade has been increasing in importance.  About the year 1740,
+cotton was manufactured by the spindle and distaff in the cottages of the
+workmen, chiefly into fustians, thicksets, dimities, and jeans, to which
+other kinds of goods were shortly added.  About the year 1760, these
+goods, hitherto made only for home consumption, formed a market on the
+continent of Europe and America, and in consequence of the increased
+demand, recourse was had to the aid of machinery.  The spinning jennies,
+invented by Messrs. Kay and Highs, have been introduced, and greatly
+improved by Mr. Hargreaves, whose success, exciting the apprehensions of
+the hand-workmen, caused the destruction of his machinery, and his
+retreat to Nottingham, where he died in indigence.  Sir Richard
+Arkwright, the late Sir Robert Peel, and others, have improved and
+invented other machines, which, aided by the power of the steam-engine,
+have prodigiously increased the quantity and variety of the goods
+manufactured in this town.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+In the spinning department alone, there are in the town and vicinity 114
+factories, worked by 118 steam-engines, the aggregate power of which is
+equal to that of 3,981 horses; by this machinery, 2,182,350 spindles, and
+6,926 power-looms are set in motion.  The power-looms, a recent
+invention, originating with the Rev. Mr. Cartwright, of Holland House,
+Kent, were not proved finally successful till 1806.  The factories, in
+several of which the whole process of the manufacture, from the
+introduction of the raw material, to the completion of the fabric, is
+carried on, are immense ranges of building, from six to eight stories in
+height, some employing 2,000 persons each, and the whole affording
+employment to upwards of 30,000 persons.  The principal articles at
+present manufactured are velvets, fustians, jeans, ticking, checks,
+ginghams, nankeens, diaper, quilting, calico, muslins, muslinets, cambric
+handkerchiefs, small wares, silks, and, in fact, every variety of cotton
+and silk goods.  There are also extensive bleaching grounds, works for
+printing and dyeing, and all other departments of the manufacture.
+Extensive forges, foundries, &c., for the machinery used, laboratories
+for chemical productions used in the trade, and mills for the manufacture
+of all descriptions of paper; engraving, as connected with the printing
+of cotton and muslin goods, is carried on to a great extent; and there
+are hat manufactories, and saw mills on a very large scale.  It is
+needless to inform the reader, that an inspection of some of these
+immense hives of labour and invention, will well repay the trouble of a
+visit.  It is a proud feeling to an Englishman to know, that the
+productions of the thousand busy hands and whirling wheels around him,
+are destined to increase the comfort, refinement, or splendour of
+nations, spread far and wide over the globe: and it is a joyful thing to
+compare present greatness and secure freedom, with the long past years
+when a little bristling fortress and a tented field, scenes of barbaric
+bloodshed and grovelling slavery, occupied the spot of earth now devoted
+to usefulness, industry, and knowledge.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Manchester is situated on the banks of the river Irwell; (which here
+receives the tributary streams of the Irk and the Medlock;) on the N.W.
+bank lies the newly erected borough of Salford, connected by means of
+five bridges with Manchester, of which it forms an integral part.  In
+various parts of the town there are altogether nearly sixty bridges.  The
+town is well paved, and lighted with gas; and the inhabitants are
+supplied with water by the Manchester and Salford Water Company.  The
+environs, in many parts, particularly in Broughton, Ardwick-green, and
+Gibraltar, are pleasant, and present many ranges of handsome residences,
+tasteful villas, and cottages.  In the older parts of the town are
+several ancient houses, interspersed with modern dwellings, and, except
+where recent improvements have been made, the streets are inconveniently
+narrow; the accommodation of trade being more studied here than elegance
+and symmetry of appearance.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The public buildings and institutions of Manchester are well worthy of
+its wealth and importance.  The Exchange and Commercial Buildings, facing
+the Market-place, form a spacious handsome edifice, built of Runcorn
+stone: containing the News-room, Exchange, Library, Post-office, Chamber
+of Commerce, a spacious Dining-room, and other apartments.  The members
+of the Literary and Philosophical Society have a suitable building for
+their meetings, and have published many volumes of Transactions in the
+English, French, and German languages, which are much circulated on the
+continent.  The Royal Institution, embracing a variety of objects
+connected with literature, science, and the fine arts, has a fine
+building in the Grecian style, from a design by Mr. Barry, forming a
+splendid addition to the architectural ornaments of the town.  The centre
+comprises the Hall and Lecture Theatre, lighted by a lantern from the
+ceiling, which may be darkened instantaneously at the will of the
+lecturer.  One of the wings is appropriated as the Academy of the Fine
+Arts, with Exhibition-rooms, and the other as a Museum of Natural
+History.  The whole cost of this elegant pile was estimated at £50,000.
+The Town Hall is a noble edifice, from a design by Mr. F. Goodwin, after
+the model of the Temple of Erectheus, at Athens, with a beautiful tower
+and dome in the centre, resembling the Tower of Andronicus, called “The
+Temple of Winds:” it contains various apartments for transacting the
+public business of the town, and one splendid room, 132 feet long,
+decorated with great elegance.  The Town Hall at Salford is a handsome
+and commodious stone edifice by the same architect.  The Society for
+promoting the study of natural history, has a valuable and extensive
+Museum also; and the town possesses flourishing Mechanics’ Institutions,
+Philological Society, Agricultural Society, Botanic Garden, several
+Libraries, two Theatres, Assembly-rooms, Concert-rooms, Annual Races, and
+Triennial Musical Festivals.  There are twenty-six churches and chapels
+belonging to the Establishment, and more than fifty places of worship for
+the various denominations of Dissenters.  The windows of St. John’s
+Church, in Byrom-street, contain some very ancient and beautiful stained
+glass, brought from a convent in Rouen; also, pictures in the vestry, and
+a fine piece of sculpture, by Flaxman.  The Free Grammar School, founded
+in the 7th of Henry VIII., has a revenue of £4,000, and the number of
+scholars is from 150 to 200.  The Blue Coat, St. Paul’s, Lancasterian,
+National, and Infants’ Schools, are all highly useful, and well-supported
+establishments; and the various Sunday Schools instruct as many as 30,000
+children.  The Hospitals and other Charitable Institutions are equally
+extensive in their sphere of usefulness, and together with the
+establishments before mentioned, worthy of the wealth, intelligence, and
+liberality of this great and important town.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Among the distinguished natives of Manchester, or persons who have been
+otherwise connected with it, may be enumerated, William Crabtree, an
+astronomical writer, and inventor of the micrometer, born at Broughton
+and killed at the battle of Marston Moor in 1644; John Byrom, a poet, and
+author of a system of shorthand; John Ferriar, M.D., author of
+Illustrations of Sterne, &c.; Thomas Barritt, the antiquary and
+heraldist; Thomas Faulkner, an enterprising traveller, who published the
+earliest account of Patagonia, and died in 1774; the Rev. John Whittaker,
+the Manchester historian; and others of less renown.  Manchester gives
+the title of duke and earl to the family of Montague.  The market days
+are Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday; fairs on Easter Monday and Tuesday,
+and October 1 and 2.  Salford fairs begin on Whit Monday, for twenty-one
+days; and on November 17, for the same time.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The information required by the traveller respecting inns, places of
+public resort, &c., will be found in the Appendix, under the head of
+Manchester.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                            END OF THE ROUTE.
+
+
+
+
+REGULATIONS OF THE GRAND JUNCTION AND LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY
+COMPANIES.
+
+
+                      [Picture: Train of the Period]
+
+
+
+_REGULATIONS OF THE GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY_.
+
+
+TIME OF DEPARTURE.—The doors of the Booking Office are closed precisely
+at the time appointed for starting, after which no passenger can be
+admitted.
+
+BOOKING.—There are no Booking Places, except at the Company’s Offices at
+the respective Stations. Each Booking Ticket for the First Class Trains
+is numbered to correspond with the seat taken.  The places by the mixed
+Trains are not numbered.
+
+LUGGAGE.—Each Passenger’s Luggage will, as far as practicable, be placed
+on the roof of the coach in which he has taken his place; carpet bags and
+small luggage may be placed underneath the seat opposite to that which
+the owner occupies. No charge for _bona fide_ luggage belonging to the
+passenger under 100lb. weight; above that weight, a charge is made at the
+rate of 1d. per lb. for the whole distance.  No kind of merchandise
+allowed to be taken as luggage.  The attention of travellers is requested
+to the legal notice exhibited at the different stations, respecting the
+limitation of the Company’s liabilities to the loss or damage of luggage.
+All passengers by Railway will do well to have their luggage distinctly
+marked with their names and destination.
+
+GENTLEMEN’S CARRIAGES AND HORSES.—Gentlemen’s carriages and horses must
+be at the Stations at least a quarter of an hour before the time of
+departure.  A supply of trucks are kept at all the _principal_ Stations
+on the line; but to prevent disappointment it is recommended that
+previous notice should be given, when practicable, at the Station where
+they may be required.  No charge for landing or embarking carriages or
+horses on any part of the line.
+
+ROAD STATIONS.—Passengers intending to join the Trains at any of the
+stopping places are desired to be in good time, as the train will leave
+each Station as soon as ready, without reference to the time stated in
+the tables, the main object being to perform the whole journey as
+expeditiously as possible.  Passengers will be booked only conditionally
+upon there being room on the arrival of the Trains, and they will have
+the preference of seats in the order in which they are booked.  No
+persons are booked after the arrival of the Train.—All persons are
+requested to get into and alight from the coaches invariably on the left
+side, as the only certain means of preventing accidents from Trains
+passing in an opposite direction.
+
+CONDUCTORS, GUARDS, AND PORTERS.—Every Train is provided with Guards, and
+a Conductor, who is responsible for the order and regularity of the
+journey.  The Company’s Porters will load and unload the luggage, and put
+it into or upon any omnibus or other carriage at any of the Stations.  No
+fees or gratuities allowed to be received by the Conductors, Guards,
+Porters, or other persons in the service of the Company.
+
+SMOKING, SELLING OF LIQUORS, &c.—No smoking is allowed in the
+Station-houses, or in any of the coaches, even with the consent of the
+passengers.  A substantial breakfast may be had at the Station-house at
+Birmingham, by parties, going by the early train; but no person is
+allowed to sell liquors or eatables of any kind upon the line.—The
+Company earnestly hope that the public will co-operate with them in
+enforcing this regulation, as it will be the means of removing a cause of
+delay, and will greatly diminish the chance of accident.
+
+Goods sent to Birmingham, Manchester, or Liverpool, by the evening
+Trains, are generally delivered early on the following morning.
+
+
+
+CONVEYANCES TO LOCAL TOWNS FROM STATIONS.
+
+
+BESCOT BRIDGE.
+
+
+Conveyance.—A light Van runs from this Station to Walsall for the
+conveyance of passengers.
+
+
+WOLVERHAMPTON.
+
+
+Conveyances.—Two Omnibuses from the town meet all the Trains.  Coaches to
+Shrewsbury, through Shiffnal and Wellington, from the New Hotel:—Royal
+Mail, 7½ a.m.; Swallow, 8½ a.m.; *Prince of Wales, 12¾ p.m.; Wonder, 7¼
+p.m.  To Shrewsbury, from the Crown and Cushion:—Salopian, 3¼ p.m.,
+through Shiffnal, Madeley and Ironbridge.  To Shrewsbury, from the
+Railway Station:—An Omnibus, 3 p.m., through Shiffnal and Wellington.  To
+Dudley 6¾ a.m.; *1½ p.m.; *4½ p.m.; *6½ p.m.  To Bridgenorth, 4 p.m.
+
+                  Marked thus (*) do not run on Sundays.
+
+
+STAFFORD.
+
+
+Conveyances.—Omnibuses are in attendance to convey passengers to any part
+of the town.  Coaches to Burton-on-Trent, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, &c., 12½
+p.m.  Rugeley and Lichfield, 3¾p.m.  Stone and Newcastle, 4½ p.m.  Stone
+and Potteries, 7 p.m.
+
+
+WHITMORE.
+
+
+Conveyances.—Coaches daily to Shrewsbury, through Market Drayton.  A
+Coach through Newcastle to the Potteries daily.  The Pottery Company and
+Green’s Omnibuses daily to Newcastle and Potteries.
+
+
+BASFORD AND MADELEY STATIONS.
+
+
+Conveyances.—Conveyances are in waiting at these Stations to take
+passengers and goods to Newcastle, the Potteries, or any other place.
+
+
+CREWE.
+
+
+Conveyances.—A Coach from Macclesfield, through Congleton and Sandbach,
+to Crewe Station, twice daily.  A Coach to Whitchurch, daily.  An Omnibus
+from Nantwich to Crewe, to meet all the Trains, and convey passengers to
+Nantwich.
+
+
+HARTFORD.
+
+
+Conveyances.—Adams’ Omnibus (with the letter bags) to Northwich and
+Knutsford, morning and evening.  Mail to Chester and Tarporley, daily.
+From Chester there are Coaches to all parts of North and South Wales.
+
+
+PRESTON-BROOK.
+
+
+Conveyances.—Leaves Wilson’s Hotel, Runcorn, morning and afternoon, to
+meet the Trains, and return on the arrival of the Trains at this station.
+
+
+WARRINGTON.
+
+
+Conveyances.—Omnibuses are in attendance to convey passengers to any part
+of the town.  Chaises, Cars, or Gigs, to be had in a few minutes’ notice.
+Coaches to Macclesfield, Stockport, Liverpool, Carlisle, Edinburgh, and
+all parts of the North.
+
+
+
+TABLE OF FARES AND DISTANCES.
+
+BIRMINGHAM       BIRMINGHAM
+Perry Barr             3¼        Perry Barr.
+                    1 6  1 0
+Newton Road            6½              3½        Newton Road.
+                    1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+Bescot Bridge          9¼              6               2¾        Bescot Bridge.
+                    2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+James’s Bridge         10              6¾              3½              ¾         James’s Bridge.
+                    2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6 1 0          16  10
+Willenhall            11¾              8½              5¼              2½              1¾        Willenhall.
+                    2 6  2 0        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+WOLVERHAMPTON         14¼             10¾              7½              4¾              4               2¼        WOLVERHAMPTON.
+                    3 0  2 6        2 6  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+Four Ashes             20             16½             13¼             10½              9¾              8               5¾        Four Ashes.
+                    4 0  3 0        3 6  3 0        3 0  2 6        2 6  2 0        2 6  2 0        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0
+Spread Eagle          21½              18             14¾              12             11¼              9½              7¼              1½        Spread Eagle.
+                    4 6  3 6        4 0  3 0        3 6  2 6        3 0  2 0        2 6  2 0        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+Penkridge              24             20½             17¼             14½             13¾              12              9¾              4               2½        Penkridge.
+                    5 0  4 0        4 6  3 6        4 0  3 0        3 6  2 6        3 0  2 6        3 0  2 0        2 6  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+STAFFORD              29¼             25¾             22½             19¾              19             17¼              15              9¼              7¾              5¼        STAFFORD.
+                    6 0  5 0        5 6  4 6        5 0  4 0        4 6  3 6        4 6  3 6        4 0  3 0        3 6  2 6        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0         16 10
+Bridgeford            32½             29¼              26             23¼             22½             20¾             18½             12¾             11¼              8¾              3½        Bridgeford.
+                    7 0  5 6        6 0  5 0        6 0  4 6        5 6  4 0        5 0  4 0        5 0  3 6        4 6  3 0        2 6  2 0        2 6  2 0        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0
+Norton Bridge          35             31½             28¼             25½             24¾              23             20¾              15             13½              11              5¾              2¼        Norton Bridge.
+                    7 6  6 0        6 6  5 0        6 0  5 0        6 0  4 6        5 6  4 6        5 6  4 0        5 0  3 6        3 6  2 6        3 0  2 6        2 6  2 0        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+WHITMORE              43¼             39¾             36½             33¾              33             31¼              29             23¼             21¾             19¼              14             10½              8¼        WHITMORE.
+                    9 6  8 0        8 6  7 0        8 0  6 6        7 6  6 0        7 6  6 0        7 0  5 6        6 6  5 0        5 0  4 6        4 6  4 0        4 0  3 6        3 0  2 6        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0
+Madeley                46             42½             39¼             36½             35¾              34             31¾              26             24½              22             16¾             13¼              11              2¾        Madeley.
+                   10 0  8 6        9 0  7 6        8 6  7 0        8 0  7 0        7 6  6 6        7 6  6 0        7 0  5 6        6 0  5 0        5 6  4 6        5 0  4 0        4 0  3 0        3 0  2 0        2 6  1 6        1 6  1 0
+Basford                51             47½              44             41½              41              39              37              31              29              27              22              18              16              8               5         Basford.
+                   12 0  10 6      10 6  9 6       10 6  8 6       10 0  8 6       10 0  8 0        9 6  7 6        9 0  7 0        7 6  6 0        7 0  5 6        6 6  5 6        5 0  4 6        4 6  4 0        4 0  3 6        2 6  2 0        1 6  1 0
+CREWE                  54             50½             47¼             44½             43¾              42             39¾              34             32½              30             24¾             21¼              19             10¾              8               3         CREWE.
+                   12 0  10 6      10 6  9 6       10 6  8 6       10 0  8 6       10 0  8 0        9 6  7 6        9 0  7 0        7 6  6 0        7 0  5 6        6 6  5 6        5 0  4 6        4 6  4 0        4 0  3 6        2 6  2 0        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+Coppenhall             56             52½             49¼             46½             45¾              44             41¾              36             34½              32             26¾             23¼              21             12¾              10              5               2         Coppenhall.
+                   12 6  10 6      11 6  9 6       11 6  9 0       10 6  9 0       10 0  8 6       9 6   8 0        9 0  7 0        7 6  7 0        7 6  6 6        6 6  6 0        5 6  5 0        5 0  4 6        4 6  4 0        2 6  2 0        2 0  1 6        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0
+Minshull              58¾             55¼              52             49¼             48½             46¾             44½             38¾             37¼             34¾             29½              26             23¾             15½             12¾              8               4¾              2¾        Minshull Vernon.
+Vernon             13 0  11 0      12 6  10 6      11 6  10 0      11 0  9 6       11 0  9 0       10 6  8 6       10 0  8 0        8 6  7 0        8 6  7 0        8 0  6 6        6 6  5 6        5 6  5 0        5 6  4 6        3 6  3 0        3 0  2 0        3 0  2 0        1 6  1 0         16 10
+Winsford              61¼             57¾             54½             51¾              51             49¼              47             41¼             39¾             37¼              32             28½             26¼              18             15¼              10              7¼              5¼              2½        Winsford.
+                   13 6  11 6      12 6  11 0      12 0  10 6      11 6  10 0      11 0  9 6       10 6  9 6       10 0  9 0        9 0  8 0        8 6  7 6        8 6  7 0        7 0  6 0        6 6  5 0        6 0  5 0        4 6  3 6        3 0  2 6        3 0  2 6        1 6 1 0         1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+HARTFORD *            65¾             62¾              59             56¼             55½             53¾             51½             45¾             44¼             41¾             36½              33             30¾             22½             19¾              15             11¾              9¾              7               4½        HARTFORD.
+                   14 0  12 0      13 6  11 6      13 0  11 0      12 0  10 6      11 6  10 0      11 0  9 6       10 6  9 0       10 0  8 6        9 6  8 0        9 0  7 0        7 6  6 6        7 0  6 0        6 6  5 6        5 0  4 0        4 0  3 0        4 0  3 0        2 6  1 6        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+Acton                 68¼             64¾             61½             58¾              58             56¼              54             48½             46¾             44¼              39             35½             33¼              25             22¼              17             14¼             12¼              9½              7               2½        Acton.
+                   15 0  12 6      14 6  12 0      14 0  11 6      13 6  11 0      13 0  11 0      12 6  10 6      12 0  10 0      10 6  9 0       10 0  8 6        9 6  8 0        8 6  7 6        8 0  6 0        7 6  6 0        5 6  4 6        5 0  4 0        5 0  4 0        3 0  2 6        2 6  2 0        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+Preston Brook         72½              69             65¾              63             62¼             60½             58¼             52½              51             48½             43¼             39¾             37½             29¼             26½             21½             18½             16½             13¾             11¼              6¾              4¼        Preston Brook.
+                   15 6  13 6      15 0  13 0      14 0  12 6      13 6  12 0      13 6  12 0      13 0  11 6      12 6  11 0      11 0  9 6       11 0  9 6       10 6  9 0        9 6  8 0        8 6  7 0        8 6  7 0        6 6  5 6        5 6  5 0        5 6  5 0        4 0  3 6        3 6  3 0        3 0  2 6        2 6  2 0        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+Moore                  75             71½             68¼             65¼             64¾              63             60¾              55             53½              51             45¾             42¼              40             31¾              29              24              21              19             16¼             13¾              9¼              6¾              2½        Moore.
+                   16 0  14 0      15 6  13 6      14 6  13 6      14 0  12 6      13 6  12 6      13 0  12 0      12 6  11 6      11 6  10 6      11 0  10 0      10 6  9 6       10 0  8 6        9 0  7 6        9 0  7 6        7 0  6 0        6 0  5 6        6 0  5 6        4 6  4 0        4 0  3 0        3 6  3 0        3 0  2 6        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+WARRINGTON             78             74½             71¼             68¼             67¾              66             63¾              58             56¼              54             48¾             45¼              43             34¾              32              27              24              22             19¼             16¾             12¼              9¾              5½              3         WARRINTON.
+                   17 0  14 0      16 0  14 0      15 6  13 6      15 0  13 0      14 6  12 6      14 0  12 6      13 6  12 0      12 0  11 0      12 0  10 6      11 6  10 0      10 6  9 0        9 6  8 0        9 0  8 0        7 6  6 0        6 6  5 6        6 6  5 6        5 0  4 6        4 6  4 0        4 0  3 6        3 6  3 0        2 6  2 0        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+Newton                82¾             79¼              76             73¼             72½             70¾             68½             62¾             61¼             58¾             53½              50             47¾             39½             36¾              32             28¾             26¾              24             21½              17             14½             10¼              7¾              4¾        Newton Junction.
+Junction           18 0  15 0      17 6  14 6      16 6 14 6       16 0  14 0      15 6  13 6      15 0  13 6      15 0  13 0      14 0  12 0      13 6  11 6      13 0  11 0      11 6  10 0      11 0  9 0       10 6  8 6        8 0  7 0        7 6  6 6        7 6  6 6        6 0  5 0        5 6  4 6        5 0  4 6        5 0  4 0        3 6  3 0        3 0  2 6        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+MANCHESTER            97¼              94             90¼              88             87¼             85½             83¼             77½              76             73½             68¼             64¾             62½             54¼             51½             46½             43½             41¼             38¾             36¼             31¾             29¼              25             22½             19½             14¾                 MANCHESTER.
+                   21 0  17 0      21 0  17 0      21 0  16 6      19 6  16 0      19 6  16 0      19 0  15 6      19 0  15 0      16 6  14 0      16 6  14 0      16 0  13 6      15 0  12 6      14 0  12 0      13 6  11 6      12 0  10 0      11 0  9 6       11 0  9 6        9 6  8 0        9 0  7 6        8 0  7 0        7 6  6 6        7 0  6 0        6 0  5 6        5 6  4 6        5 0  4 0        4 0  3 6        4 0  3 6
+LIVERPOOL             97¼              94             90¾              88             87¼             85½             83¼             72½              76             73½             68¼             64¾             62½             54¼             51½             46½             43½             41¼             38¾             36¼             31¾             29¼              25             22½             19½             14¾              30         LIVERPOOL.
+                   21 0  17 0      21 0  17 0      21 0  16 6      19 6  16 0      19 6  16 0      19 0  15 6      19 0  15 0      16 6  14 0      16 6  14 0      16 0  13 6      15 0  12 6      14 0  12 0      13 6  11 6      12 0  10 0      11 0  9 6       11 0  9 6        9 6  8 0        9 0  7 6        8 0  7 0        7 6  6 6        7 0  6 0        6 0  5 6        5 6  4 6        5 0  4 0        4 0  3 6        4 0  3 6        6 0  4 6
+
+_Explanation_.—To find the fare and distance from one station to
+another—say Stafford to Wolverhampton.  Find Stafford in the first
+column, carry your eye along the column opposite to which it is placed
+until you arrive at Wolverhampton placed in the slanting column, and
+there the fare and distance will be found.
+
+***  The figures at the top of each square denote the distance, those on
+the left hand the fare by the _first_ class carriages, (_whether in first
+class or mixed class trains_) and those on the right hand the fare by the
+_second_ class carriages.
+
+                     [_Entered at Stationer’s Hall_.]
+
+* The Fares from Stations above Hartford, to Stations on the Manchester
+and Liverpool Line, are the same as to Manchester and Liverpool.  But the
+Fares from Hartford, Acton, Preston Brook, Moore, and Warrington, to the
+Stations on the Manchester and Liverpool Line, are in proportion to the
+distance.
+
+The Fare from Birmingham to any Station on the Liverpool and Manchester
+Line is in proportion.
+
+N.B.—The Mixed Trains also take up and set down Passengers _to or from
+any part of the Grand Junction Railway_, at all the usual Stopping Places
+on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.—An allowance is _included_ in
+the above Tables of five minutes for _all_ the Trains at the _principal_
+Stations, and of three minutes for _the Mixed Trains_, at the
+intermediate stopping places.—No Fare is less than One Shilling by the
+principal Trains.—The Fare between the intermediate Stopping Places is at
+the rate of about 2½d. per mile for First, and 1½d. for Second Class
+Passengers.  Tables of which are kept at each of the Stations.
+
+Parties arriving at Birmingham by the early Trains, can go on in the same
+carriage to the London and Birmingham Railway Station, and so proceed by
+the London Train.
+
+
+Departures
+
+       FROM LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO BIRMINGHAM.
+       3 A.M.  First, joins London Train at       8 30 A.M.
+    6 30 A.M.  Mixed ,,                          12 30 P.M.
+    9 15 A.M.  1st Class ,,                       2 30 P.M.
+   11 30 A.M.  1st Class ,,                       4 30 P.M.
+    4 30 P.M.  Mixed
+       6 P.M.  1st Class ,,                      11 30 P.M.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+      FROM BIRMINGHAM TO LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER.
+       3 A.M.  First              2 30 P.M.  1st Class
+       6 A.M.  Mixed Train           4 P.M.  Mixed
+   11 30 A.M.  1st Class             5 P.M.  1st Class
+
+The 3 A.M. Train from Liverpool starts from the Station, Edge Hill, to
+which place any Passenger wishing to go by this Train must proceed to
+take his place.
+
+
+On Sundays.
+
+       FROM LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO BIRMINGHAM.
+       3 A.M.  First, joins London Train at       8 30 A.M.
+    7 30 A.M.  Mixed ,,                           1 30 P.M.
+   11 30 A.M.               ,,
+       6 P.M.               ,,                   11 30 P.M.
+       FROM BIRMINGHAM TO LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER.
+       3 A.M.
+    7 30 A.M.  Mixed
+   11 30 A.M.  Mixed
+       5 P.M.               ,,
+
+         The Trains on Sundays stop at First Class Stations only.
+
+  By the Trains at  A.M.
+                 3
+              9 15  A.M.     on week            3  A.M.         on
+                             days, and
+                             at
+             11 30  A.M.                     7 30  A.M.      Sundays
+             and 6  P.M.                    and 6  P.M.
+
+First Class Passengers, Horses, and Carriages will, if required, be
+booked throughout from Liverpool and Manchester only, to London, (but not
+to any other place on the London and Birmingham Line for the present,)
+without change of Carriage at Birmingham. A certain number only can be
+booked by each train in this manner.
+
+No Horses can be booked further than Birmingham, unless they belong to a
+Carriage or Passenger accompanying one of the above-mentioned Trains.
+
+Horses and Carriages should be at the Stations and booked at least a
+quarter of an hour before the time of departure.
+
+
+Fares.
+
+   BETWEEN LIVERPOOL OR MANCHESTER AND          FROM LIVERPOOL OR
+               BIRMINGHAM.                 MANCHESTER TO LONDON, WHEN
+                                           BOOKED THROUGHOUT AS ABOVE
+                                £.     s.
+Six Inside 1st Class Coach       1      1
+Second Class Closed              0     17          Day Trains.
+Carriages
+Third Class Open Carriage        0     11  6 Inside Coach, G.J. 21s.
+by 6½ a.m. Train from                      London £1. 10s. = £2. 11s.
+Liverpool or Manchester,
+and by 6 a.m. Train from
+Birmingham
+Passengers booked by this conveyance for   4 Inside Coach, G.J. 23s.
+the entire distance only.                  London £1. 10s. = £2. 13s.
+Children under Ten Years of age Half              Night Trains.
+Price. Ditto in arms free
+                                           6 Inside Coach, G.J. 21s.
+                                           London £1. 12s. 6d. = £2.
+                                           13s. 6d.
+                                           4 Inside Coach, G.J. 23s.
+                                           London £1. 12s. 6d. = £2.
+                                           15s. 6d.
+One Horse                        2      0  G.J. £2        £4.      10s
+                                           London
+                                           £2. 10s =
+Two Horses, if one               3      0  ,,   £3         £8
+property and in one box.                   ,,   £5
+                                           =
+Three do do                      4      0  ,,   £4        £10
+                                           ,,   £6
+                                           =
+Dogs each                        0      3
+Gentlemen’s Carriages,           3      0  ,,   £3        £6.     15s.
+four wheels                                ,,   £3.
+                                           15s =
+Do   do   two wheels             2      0  ,,   £2        £5.     15s.
+                                           ,,   £3.
+                                           15s =
+Passengers in Private            0     17  ,,  17s.       £1.     17s.
+Carriages                                  Lond.
+                                           (20s. Day
+                                           25s.           £2.      2s.
+                                           Night
+Servants                         0     14  ,,  14s.       £1.     14s.
+                                           ,,  20s.
+                                           Day
+                                           25s.           £1.     19s.
+                                           Night
+Grooms in charge of              0     14
+Horses, if riding with
+them in the box.
+Servants, in attendance on       0     17
+their Employers, may ride
+outside, if there be room,
+by First Class Trains, at
+Second Class Fares.
+
+For intermediate distances all Carriages, whether on two or four wheels,
+will be charged alike.
+
+Passengers are particularly requested to see that their Luggage is safely
+loaded on the Carriages before starting, and that it is legibly directed
+with the Owner’s name, address, and destination.
+
+
+Officers of the Grand Junction Railway:—
+
+
+JOHN MOSS, Esq., OF LIVERPOOL, CHAIRMAN.
+
+C. LAWRENCE, Esq., OF LIVERPOOL, DEPUTY CHAIRMAN.
+
+J. R. CHORLEY, Esq., OF LIVERPOOL, TREASURER.
+
+MR. S. EBORALL, CHIEF AGENT AT BIRMINGHAM.
+
+MR. G. BAKER, CHIEF AGENT AT MANCHESTER.
+
+
+
+GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY.—CONVEYANCE OF MERCHANDISE.
+
+
+The rates for the conveyances of Merchandise from Liverpool and
+Manchester to Birmingham, and from Birmingham to Liverpool and Manchester
+respectively, for the present, are as follows:—
+
+1st Class—Heavy hardware, 1s 6d. per cwt.  No charge less than 1s. 6d.
+
+2nd Class—Bale goods, fruit, grocery, shoes, shell fish, wines and
+spirits in casks, &c., &c., 2s. per cwt.
+
+3rd Class—Silk goods, light trusses, toys, wines and spirits in bottles
+packed, fish, furniture, wool, tea, &c., &c., 2s. 6d. and 3s. per cwt.
+
+4th Class—Hats, light glasses in crates, and milliner’s boxes, &c., 7s.
+per cwt.
+
+
+
+Charge for Parcels to date from Oct. 1st, 1838, between Liverpool and
+Manchester and Birmingham.
+
+                                                     s.      d.
+                      Under 18lbs. weight.
+For any distance under 35 miles                         0       6
+      ,, ,, above 35, and not exceeding 50 miles        1       0
+Entire distance                                         1       6
+                      Above 18lbs. weight.
+For any distance under 35 miles                       ½d. per lb.
+      ,, ,, above 35, and not exceeding 50 miles           ¾d. ,,
+      ,, ,, ,, 50, to the entire distance                 1d.  ,,
+            From Liverpool and Manchester to London.
+15 lbs. and under                                     2s.     6d.
+Above 15 lbs.                                         2d. per lb.
+
+Large light packages will be charged according to the bulk, &c., at the
+discretion of the Company.  Any person sending a parcel is authorised to
+require its being booked in his presence, as the Company will not be
+answerable for any parcels that are not entered in their books.
+
+
+
+LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY.
+
+
+Travelling by the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 1838.—The following
+are the Times of Departure both from Lime Street Station, Liverpool, and
+from Liverpool Road Station, Manchester.
+
+First Class, 7, 9, 11, a.m., and 2, 3, 7, p.m.
+
+Second Class, 7¼, 10, 12, a.m., and 3, 5½, 7, p.m.—Stopping only at
+Newton, except on Tuesdays and Saturdays, when the evening Second Class
+Train from Manchester starts at 6, instead of 5½ o’clock.
+
+
+
+On Sundays.
+
+
+First Class, 8 a.m. and 5 p.m.—Second Class, 7 a.m. and 5½ p.m.
+
+
+Fares.
+
+                                                         s.     d.
+By First Class train—Four inside—Royal Mail               6      6
+         ditto—Six  inside—Glass Coach                    6      0
+By 2nd Class train—Glass Coaches                          6      0
+         ditto—Open carriages                             4      6
+Charge for the conveyance of Four-wheeled carriages      20      0
+         ditto—Two-wheeled ditto                         15      0
+Horses—For One horse 10s. —Two horses 18s. —Three horses 22s.
+
+N.B.—All Horses must be embarked at the Company’s Station, EDGE HILL,
+(Wavertree-lane,) unless accompanying Carriages to which they belong; in
+which case they may be embarked at LIME STREET.
+
+
+Luggage.
+
+
+NOTICE.—To prevent loss or mistake of Luggage, Passengers are requested
+to keep charge of their small Packages, by placing them under their
+Seats, instead of on the Roof of the Coach.—The Weight allowed for each
+Passenger is 60lb., beyond which a Charge will be made at the rate of 3s.
+per cwt.
+
+
+
+Liverpool and Manchester to Wigan.
+
+
+By the First Class train 7 a.m.—2nd Class trains 10, 12, a.m. and 5½ p.m.
+
+
+On Sundays.
+
+
+               By the 2nd Class Trains 7 a.m., and 5½ p.m.
+
+FARES.—From Liverpool or Manchester, 1st Class 5s.; 2nd Class 3s. 6d.
+
+
+
+Liverpool and Manchester to Bolton.
+
+
+By the 1st Class Train 9 a.m.—2nd Class Trains 7¼, 12, a.m., and 5½ p.m.
+
+
+On Sundays.
+
+
+                By the 2nd Class Trains 7 am., and 5½ p.m.
+
+FARES.—From Liverpool, In. 5s. 6d., Out. 4s.; and from Manchester, 2s.
+6d. and 2s.
+
+
+
+Liverpool and Manchester to St. Helens.
+
+
+By the 2nd Class Trains, 7¼, 10, 12, a.m., and 3, 5½, p.m.
+
+
+On Sundays.
+
+
+               By the 2nd Class Trains 7 a.m., and 5½ p.m.
+
+FARES.—From Liverpool In. 2s. 6d. Out 2s.; and from Manchester, 3s. 6d.
+and 2s. 6d.
+
+
+
+Liverpool and Manchester to Runcorn Gap.
+
+
+               By the 2nd Class Trains 7½ a.m., and 3 p.m.
+
+
+On Sundays.
+
+
+                By the 2nd Class Trains 7 a.m. and 5½ p.m.
+
+FARES.—From Liverpool, In. 3s., Out. 2s. 6d.; and from Manchester 4s. and
+3s.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+
+THE VISITER’S GUIDE TO BIRMINGHAM, {97a} LIVERPOOL, AND MANCHESTER.
+
+
+BIRMINGHAM.
+
+
+PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
+
+
+The Town Hall, {97b} situate at the top of New-street; open to strangers.
+
+The Free School, New-street.
+
+Market Hall, High-street.
+
+Royal School of Medicine and Surgery, Paradise-street, opposite the Town
+Hall, where an extensive Museum is at all times open to the public.
+
+The Society of Arts, New-street.  Exhibition of Paintings open in the
+Autumn.
+
+Nelson’s Monument, High-street.
+
+The Theatre Royal, New-street.
+
+News Rooms, Bennett’s Hill.
+
+Public Office, Moor-street.
+
+
+PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS.
+
+
+Post Office, situate at the bottom of Bennett’s Hill.
+
+Stamp Office, Colmore Row.
+
+Assay Office, Cannon-street.
+
+The Cemetery, Hockley.
+
+Proof House, Banbury-street.
+
+
+LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS.
+
+
+The Society of Arts, New-street.  Exhibition of Paintings open in the
+Autumn.
+
+Philosophical Institution, Cannon-street.
+
+Mechanic’s Institution, Cannon-street.
+
+Botanical & Horticultural Society.  The Gardens are at Edgbaston.
+Strangers are admitted by a subscriber’s order.
+
+Old Library, Union-street.
+
+New Library, Temple Row West.
+
+Law Library, Waterloo-street.
+
+Medical Library, at the Royal School of Medicine, Paradise-street.
+
+
+PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS.
+
+
+Theatre Royal, New-street.
+
+Ryan’s Amphitheatre, Bradford-street.
+
+Billiard Rooms, Waterloo-street, adjoining the News Room; New-street,
+adjoining the Theatre; and Cannon-street.
+
+
+PUBLIC CHARITIES.
+
+
+General Hospital, Summer Lane.
+
+Dispensary, Union-street.
+
+Asylum, (for Destitute Children,) near to Aston Park.
+
+Workhouse, Lichfield-street.
+
+Magdalen Asylum and Chapel, Islington.
+
+Infirmary for Diseases of the Eye, Cannon-street.
+
+
+SCHOOLS.
+
+
+Free Grammar School, New-street.
+
+Blue Coat School, east side of St. Philip’s Church Yard.
+
+Infant Schools, Ann-street and Cherry-street.
+
+National Schools, Pinfold-street.
+
+Lancasterian School, Severn-street.
+
+Protestant Dissenters’ Charity School, for females, Park-street.
+
+Deaf and Dumb Institution, Edgbaston.
+
+
+MISCELLANEOUS.
+
+
+Barracks, Great Brook-street, Ashted.
+
+Court of Requests, High-street.
+
+Duddeston Hall Lunatic Asylum, Duddeston.
+
+Old Gas Works, Broad-street.
+
+The Baths, (swimming, and hot and cold private Baths,) at Lady Well, near
+the bottom of Worcester-street.
+
+Vauxhall Gardens, Ashted.
+
+
+PLACES OF WORSHIP.
+
+Church of England.
+
+Churches and Chapels.   Ministers, with their     Services commence.
+                             Residences.
+St. Martin’s,           Rev. T. Moseley,        ½ past 10, 3, ½ past
+Bull-ring               M.A., Bath-row,         6.
+                        Rector; Rev. M. W.
+                        Foye, A.M.,
+                        Exeter-row, Curate;
+                        Rev. C. Arnold, A.M.,
+                        Sandpits, Lecturer.
+
+
+St. Philip’s, Temple    Rev. L. Gardner,        ½ past 10, ¼ past 3.
+row                     D.D., Rectory,
+                        Rector; Rev. J. W.
+                        Downes, M.A.,
+                        Colmore-row,
+                        Lecturer; Rev. B.
+                        Spurrell, M.A. 36 St.
+                        Paul’s-square,
+                        Curate.
+St. George’s, St.       Rev. John Garbett,      ¼ before 11, ½ past
+George’s                M.A., Hockley-hill,     3, and ½ past 6;
+                        Rector; Rev. Layton     Wednesday, ¼ past 7.
+                        Irwen, Gt.
+                        Hampton-street,
+                        Curate.
+St. Thomas’s,           Rev. Wm. Marsh, M.A.,   ½ past 10, 3, and ½
+Holloway-head           Hagley-row, Rector;     past 6; Tuesday, 7,
+                        Rev. Charles Lowe,      prayer meeting;
+                        B.A., Bedford-place,    Sunday, 7; Friday, ½
+                        Bristol-road, Curate.   past 7.
+All Saints’, Hockley    Rev. S. F. Morgan,      ½ past 10, 3.
+                        M.A., Grosvenor-row,
+                        Birmingham-heath,
+                        Rector.
+Christ Church,          Rev. J. G. Breay,       ½ past 10, ½ past 6;
+Paradise-street         B.A., Crescent,         Thursday, 7.
+                        Minister; Rev. Daniel
+                        Ledsam, B.A.,
+                        Summer-hill, Curate.
+St. Bartholomew’s,      Rev. Thomas Nunns,      11, ½ past 6.
+Bartholomew-square      M.A., Crescent,
+                        Minister.
+St. Mary’s, St.         Rev. J. C. Barratt,     ½ past 10, 3, ½ past
+Mary’s square           M.A., St. Mary’s-row,   6.
+                        Minister; Rev. E.
+                        Hall, M.A.,
+                        Summer-hill, Curate.
+St. Paul’s, St.         Rev. Rann Kennedy,      ¼ before 11, ½ past
+Paul’s square           M.A., The Hollies,      6.
+                        Hall Green, Minister;
+                        Rev. William Wenman,
+                        St. Paul’s-square,
+                        Curate.
+St. Peter’s, Dale-end   Rev. Charles Craven,    11, ½ past 6.
+                        M.A., Edgbaston,
+                        Minister.
+Bishop Ryder’s,
+Stafford-street
+St. John’s, Deritend    Rev. E. Palmer,         11, ½ past 6.
+                        High-gate, Minister;
+                        Rev. J. Collisson,
+                        B.A., Camphill,
+                        Curate.
+St. James’s, Ashted     Rev. Josiah Allport,    ½ past 10, ½ past 6.
+                        Ashted, Minister.
+Trinity, Bordesley      Rev. S. Crane, B.A.,    ½ past 10, ½ past 3;
+                        Bordesley, Minister.    in winter 3.
+Aston Church, Aston     Rev. G. O. Fenwicke,    11, 3.
+                        M.A., Vicarage,
+                        Vicar; Rev. Horace
+                        Chavasse, Curate.
+Edgbaston Church,       Rev. Charles Pixell,    11, ½ past 3.
+Edgbaston               M.A., Vicarage,
+                        Vicar.
+St. George’s,
+Calthorpe-street,
+Edgbaston
+Handsworth Church,      Rev. John Hargreaves,   11, 3.
+Handsworth              M.A., Rectory,
+                        Rector; Rev. D. N.
+                        Walton, M.A.,
+                        Heathfield-lane,
+                        Curate.
+Magdalen Chapel,
+Islington
+
+Dissenters.
+
+ Chapels and Meeting     Ministers, and their     Services commence.
+       Houses.               Residences.
+                      _Association Methodists_.
+Newhall street,         Mr. J. Handley,         ½ past 10, 6;
+                        Minister.               Wednesday, ¼ past 7.
+                             _Baptists_.
+Cannon-street           Rev. T. Swann,          ½ past 10, 3, and ½
+                        Wheeley’s Lane,         past 6; Monday and
+                        Edgbaston.              Thursday, ½ past 7.
+Bond street             Rev. T. Morgan,         ½ past 10, ½ past 6;
+                        Regent place,           Monday and Wednesday,
+                        Harper’s hill.          ½ past 7.
+Graham-street           Rev. J. Hoby, D.D.,     ½ past 10, ½ past 6;
+                        Camden-hill.            Monday and Wednesday,
+                                                ½ past 7.
+Newhall-street          Rev. J. Ham,            ½ past 10, 3, and ½
+                        Bath-street.            past 6; Monday and
+                                                Wednesday, ½ past 7.
+Lombard street          Rev. G. Cheatle,        11, 3, and ½ past 6;
+                        Lombard-street.         Monday and Wednesday,
+                                                ½ past 7.
+                            _Calvinists_.
+Bartholomew-street      Rev. Mr. Telford,       ½ past 10, 6; Monday
+                        Bordesley-place.        and Wednesday, ½ past
+                                                7.
+Zoah Chapel,            Rev. James Jay.         ½ past 10, and ½ past
+Cambridge-street                                6; Wednesday, ½ past
+                                                7.
+Lawrence-street         Rev. Thomas             ½ past 10, 3, and
+                        Buckingham.             half past 6; Monday
+                                                and Thursday, ½ past
+                                                7
+                       _Dependent Methodists_.
+Buck-street             Various Preachers.      ½ past 10, 2, & 6;
+                                                Tuesday, ½ past 7;
+                                                Thursday, 8.
+                 _Holy Catholic & Apostolic Church_.
+Newhall-street,         Mr. Barclay.            6, 10, 2, ½ before 4,
+                                                5, ½ past 6; also
+                                                daily, 6, and 5.
+                           _Independents_.
+Carr’s lane             Rev. J. A. James,       ½ past 10, ½ past 6;
+                        Edgbaston.              Monday and Wednesday,
+                                                ½ past 7.
+Steelhouse-lane         Rev. T. East,           11, ½ past 6; Monday
+                        Sparkbrook.             and Wednesday, ½ past
+                                                7.
+Livery-street           Rev. J. Allsop, 7,      ¼ before 11, ½ past
+                        Newhall-hill.           6; Monday and
+                                                Thursday, ¼ past 7.
+Legge-street            Messrs. Clay and        ½ past 10, ½ past 6;
+                        Derrington, alternate   Tuesday & Thursday, ½
+                        Preachers.              past 7.
+Great Barr-street       Various Preachers.      ½ past 10, ½ past 6.
+Union Chapel,           Rev. J. Hammond,        11, 3, and ½ past 6.
+Handsworth              Union Row,
+                        Handsworth.
+Saltley, near the       Various Preachers.      ½ past 10, and 3.
+Railway
+                          _Jews’ Synagogue_.
+Severn-street           Rev. Mr. Chapman,       On Saturday at ½ past
+                        Smallbrook-street,      8, during the winter
+                        Reader.                 months, & 8, Summer
+                                                months; 1, and at
+                                                sunset.
+                         _Lady Huntingdon’s_.
+King-street             Rev. John Jones,        ½ past 10, 3, & ½
+                        Bristol Road.           past 6; Monday,
+                                                Wednesday, and
+                                                Friday, ½ past 7.  A
+                                                Welsh service at 2
+                                                every Sunday
+                                                afternoon.
+                       _New Jerusalem Church_.
+Summer Lane             Rev. E. Madeley,        ¼ before 11, & ½ past
+                        Summer-lane.            6.
+                     _New Connexion Methodists_.
+Oxford-street           Rev. J. Curtis,         ½ past 10, ½ past 2,
+                        Ravenhurst street.      & 6; Tuesday &
+                                                Friday, ½ past 7.
+                       _Primitive Methodists_.
+Inge-street             Various Preachers.
+Bordesley-street        Various Preachers.
+                          _Roman Catholics_.
+St. Chad’s,             Rev. E. Peach and       ¼ past 8, ½ past 9, ½
+Shadwell-street         Rev. J. Abbott.         past 10, ½ past 3,
+                                                and ½ past 6.
+St. Peter’s, St         Rev. T. M. McDonnell,   9, ½ past 10, ½ past
+Peter’s place           St. Peter’s place.      3, & ½ past 6.
+                        _Society of Friends_.
+Bull-street                                     10, 3, in Winter, and
+                                                6 in Summer;
+                                                Wednesday, 10.
+                           _Scotch Church_.
+Broad-street            Rev. Robert Wallace,    11 & ½ past 6.
+                        M.A., No. 1,
+                        Summer-hill Terrace,
+                        Sandpits.
+                            _Unitarians_.
+Old Meeting-house,      Rev. Hugh Hutton,       11 & ½ past 6.
+Grub-street             Edgbaston.
+New Meeting-house,      Rev. John Kentish,      11 & 3.
+Moor street             Bourn-brook,
+                        Bristol-road; Rev. S.
+                        Bache,
+                        Frederick-street,
+                        Edgbaston.
+Thorp-street            Various Preachers.      11, ½ past 6;
+                                                Wednesday, ½ past 7.
+Cambridge-street,       Various Preachers.      11, 3.
+Crescent
+                      _Birmingham West Circuit_.
+Cherry-street           Rev. G. B. McDonald,    ½ past 10, 3, and 6;
+                        45, Newhall-street.     Tuesday and Thursday,
+                                                ¼ past 7.
+Wesley Chapel,          Rev. T. Dicken, 17,     ½ past 10, 3, and ½
+Constitution-hill       Vittoria-street.        past 6; Tuesday, ¼
+                                                past 7.
+Islington Chapel        Rev. J. Lomas, Hagley   ½ past 10, ½ past 2,
+                        Road.                   and 6; Wednesday, ¼
+                                                past 7.
+Bristol-road            Rev. J. P. Haswell,     ½ past 10, ½ past 2,
+                        Wellington-road.        and 6; Tuesday; ¼
+                                                past 7.
+                      _Birmingham East Circuit_.
+Belmont-row             Rev. D. Walton,         ½ past 10, ½ past 2,
+                        Belmont row.            and 6; Wednesday ¼
+                                                past 7.
+Bradford-street         Rev. J. Barton,         ½ past 10, ½ past 2,
+                        Camphill.               and 6; Wednesday, ½
+                                                past 7.
+New-town Row            Rev. W. Griffith,       ½ past 10, ½ past 2,
+                        Jun.                    and 6; Thursday, ½
+                                                past 7.
+
+PRINCIPAL SHOW ROOMS AND MANUFACTORIES. {106}
+
+
+Soho, Handsworth.
+
+
+BRASS FOUNDERS.
+
+
+Anderton, W. and Sons, 6, Whittall-street.
+
+Barber, J., and Green, 15, Newhall-street.
+
+Bourn, John, 31, Lionel-street.
+
+Docker, Thomas, and Sons, Whittall-street.
+
+Heaton, Ralph, 70 and 71, Bath-street.
+
+Horn, Thomas, Temple-row.
+
+Lingham Brothers, 170, Little Hampton-street.
+
+Messenger, Thomas, and Sons, 22, Broad-street.
+
+Ratcliff, J. and E., St. Paul’s Square.
+
+Simcox, Pemberton, and Co., 42, Livery-street.
+
+Smith, Timothy, and Sons, 4, Bartholomew-street.
+
+Standley, James, 43, Staniforth-street.
+
+Swift, James, 7, Whittall-street.
+
+Winfield, R. W., Cambridge-street.
+
+
+BRITISH PLATE MANUFACTURERS.
+
+
+Brown & Ball, Paradise-street.
+
+Evans & Askin, George-street, Sand Pits.
+
+Merry & Co., Cherry-street.
+
+Sturges & Son, 26, Lichfield-street.
+
+
+BUTTON MANUFACTURERS.
+
+
+Armfield, Edward, Newhall-street.
+
+Aston, J., St. Paul’s Square.
+
+Bartleet, T., and Sons, 126, Great Charles-street.
+
+Elliott, W., Frederick-street, Regent-street.
+
+Hammond, Turner, and Sons, Snowhill.
+
+Hardman, J., and Co., 12, Paradise-street.
+
+Jennens and Co., Old Meeting-house-yard, Deritend.
+
+Ledsam, Thomas, and Sons, 10, Great Charles-street.
+
+Smith, C. F., 14, Newhall-street.
+
+Steadman, R., Jun., 35, Edmund-street.
+
+
+CUT AND PLAIN GLASS MANUFACTURERS.
+
+
+Bedford, Sarah, & Co., 16, New-street.
+
+Henderson, (Stainer of Glass,) New-street.
+
+Price, High-street.
+
+Rollason, Thomas, (Manufacturer to the Royal Family,) Steel-house Lane.
+
+Osler, F. & C., Broad street.
+
+
+GLASS WORKS.
+
+
+Bacchus and Green, Union Glass Works, Dartmouth-street.
+
+Gammon, W. & Co., Belmont Glass Works, Great Brook-street.
+
+Goold & Co., Ætna Glass Works, Broad-street.
+
+Harris, Rice, Islington Glass Works, Sheepcote-street, Broad-street.
+
+Thomson and Shaw, Bagot-street.
+
+
+GUN AND PISTOL MAKERS.
+
+
+Busby, J., 30½, New-street.
+
+Dugard, R., 29, Whittall-street.
+
+Jones, Charles, 16, Whittall-street.
+
+Meredith, H., and Son, 48, St. Paul’s Square.
+
+Powell, W., 49, High-street.
+
+Pritchard, W., 135, New-street.
+
+Redfern, B., Caroline-street.
+
+Richards, Westley, 82, High-street.
+
+Sargant and Son, 74, Edmund-street.
+
+Wheeler, R., and Son, 27, Snow-hill.
+
+
+HOTHOUSE AND HORTICULTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTORS—METALLIC AND COPPER SASH
+MANUFACTURERS.
+
+
+Clark, Thomas, jun., 55, Lionel-street.
+
+Daft, Thomas, & Son, Town Hall Foundry, Paradise-street.
+
+
+IRON FOUNDERS.
+
+
+Boulton, Watt, & Co., Soho.
+
+Capper, Charles Henry, Broad-street.
+
+Jones, George, Phoenix Foundry, Snowhill.
+
+Jones, Thomas, & Sons, Bradford-street.
+
+Mole, T. & W., Pagoda Works, Bordesley.—Show Rooms, Smithfield.
+
+Smith & Hawkes, Eagle Foundry, Broad-street.
+
+
+JAPANNERS.
+
+
+Bill, R. & G., 14, Summer Lane.
+
+Jennens & Bettridge, (Paper Tray Makers to her Majesty,) 99, Constitution
+Hill.
+
+Lane, Thomas, Great Hampton-street.
+
+Room, James, 28, Summer Row.
+
+
+JEWELLERS, SILVERSMITHS, AND EMPORIUMS FOR EVERY DESCRIPTION OF CUTLERY,
+PLATED WARES, &C.
+
+
+Soho Plate Company, Handsworth.
+
+Collis, G. R., Church-street.
+
+Edwards, Ball, & Co., 82, High-street, where may be seen a very extensive
+stock of silver goods and jewellery.
+
+Mapplebeck & Lowe, Bull Ring.
+
+
+LAMP, CHANDELIER, CANDELABRA, LUSTRE, &c., MANUFACTURERS.
+
+
+Aspinall, T., 33, Lower Temple-street.
+
+Blakeway, John, Edgbaston-street.
+
+Blakeway, Thomas William, Broad-street.
+
+Messenger, Thomas, & Sons, Broad-street.
+
+Osler, Follett, Broad-street, Islington.
+
+Phipson & Evans, Newhall-street.
+
+Ratcliff, John & Charles, 140, Suffolk-street.
+
+Salt, Thomas Clutton, 17 & 18, Edmund-street.
+
+Smith, Timothy, & Sons, 4, Bartholomew street.
+
+
+METAL ROLLERS.
+
+
+Cooke, Roome, & Harley, Fazeley-street.
+
+Muntz, George Frederick, Water-street.
+
+Phipson, William, Fazeley-street.
+
+Union Rolling Mills, Cambridge-street.
+
+
+PIN MAKERS.
+
+
+Phipson, T., & Sons, Broad-street.
+
+Latham & Kilmister, Lancaster-street.
+
+
+PLATERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF SILVER AND PLATED WARES.
+
+
+Baker, W. T., 42, Paradise-street.
+
+Collis, G. R., Church-street.
+
+Dixon, Matthew, 137, Snow-hill.
+
+Kirkham, T., 13, Cherry-street, Union-street.
+
+Parker, J., & Sons, 23½, Summer-row.
+
+Parker, John Frederick, 72, High-street.
+
+Ryland, William, 167, Great Charles-street.
+
+Soho Plate Company, Soho.
+
+Spooner, Painter, & Co., 12, New Market-street, Great Charles-street.
+
+Waterhouse & Son, 22, Hill-street.
+
+Wilkinson, Thomas, & Co., 15, Great Hampton-street.
+
+Willmore & Co., Bread-street.
+
+
+STEAM ENGINE MANUFACTURERS.
+
+
+Boulton & Watt, Soho, Handsworth.
+
+Capper, C. H., Broad-street.
+
+Donaldson & Glasgow, 53, Suffolk-street.
+
+Smith & Hawkes, Eagle Foundry, Broad-street.
+
+Jones, George, Phoenix Foundry, Snow-hill and Lionel-street.
+
+Penn, Samuel, Great Lister-street Steam Mill.
+
+Tongue, W., 95, Bordesley-street.
+
+
+SCREW MANUFACTURERS.
+
+
+James, J., Bradford-street.
+
+Ledsam, Messrs., Edmund-street.
+
+Ryland, H., Oozell-street, Broad-street.
+
+
+MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURERS, &c.
+
+
+Knight, Henry, Machinist, 15, Ann-street.
+
+Middlemore, —, Holloway-head, Saddlers’ Ironmonger.
+
+Room, W. & F., Parade, Wholesale Saddlers and Bridle Makers.
+
+Rodgers & Co., Broad-street, Brace and Belt Manufacturers.
+
+
+POST OFFICE, BENNETT’S HILL.
+
+
+_The following Statement shows the time of Arrival and Departure of the
+various Mails_.
+
+    ARRIVALS.                                         DEPARTURE.
+    4 25  A.M.     Bristol                             9 20     P.M.
+    5 48  ,,       London                              8 50       ,,
+       7  ,,       Sutton Messenger                    7 15     A.M.
+    7 50  ,,       Banbury                             6 50     P.M.
+   10 23  ,,       Chipping Norton                        3       ,,
+   11 30  ,,       First G. J. Railway                 5 45     A.M.
+      Noon         Bilston Messenger                   2 30     P.M.
+    4 30  P.M.     Second G. J. Railway               11 15     A.M.
+    4 30  ,,       Sheffield                           5 30       ,,
+    5  2  ,,       Yarmouth                            7 45       ,,
+    5 35  ,,       Leamington                             7       ,,
+    5 15  ,,       Oldbury Messenger                   7 15       ,,
+       6  ,,       Halesowen / Castle Bromwich /       7 15       ,,
+                   Great Barr
+    6 45  ,,       London {110}                        7 38       ,,
+    6 20  ,,       Tamworth                               7       ,,
+    7 55  ,,       Worcester                              7       ,,
+    8 30  ,,       Stourport                           6 30       ,,
+    8 31  ,,       Holyhead                            6 23       ,,
+    8 40  ,,       Third G.J. Railway                  2 15     P.M.
+   11 45  ,,       Fourth G.J. Railway                 6 45       ,,
+
+A second bag for London is despatched by the midnight Mail, and arrives
+there in time for an afternoon delivery.
+
+On Tuesdays and Fridays a Foreign Bag is forwarded to London by a mail
+which leaves Birmingham at ½ past 12 at noon.
+
+The Letter Box closes at 6½ a.m., for the despatch of the mails to
+Holyhead, Yarmouth, Worcester, Leamington, and Stourport; at 8 p.m. for
+the despatch of the London and Bristol mails, and half an hour previous
+to the departure of any of the other mails.
+
+The delivery of Letters from the office window commences at ½ past 7
+a.m., with the letters brought by the Bristol and London mails.  Letters
+by the other mails are ready for delivery in 30 Minutes after their
+arrival until 8 p.m., at which period this window is closed.  At ½ past 8
+p.m. it opens again for the delivery of letters brought by the Worcester,
+Stourport, Third Railway, and Holyhead mails, and it continues open until
+10 p.m.
+
+There are two general deliveries by letter-carriers within the town, the
+first commencing at ½ past 7 a.m., and the second at about a ¼ after 5
+p.m., except on Sundays, when there is no afternoon delivery.
+
+When any delay occurs in the arrival of the mails, a corresponding delay
+will necessarily occur in the delivery.
+
+              RECEIVING HOUSES FOR GENERAL POST OFFICE.
+Mr. W. Hewitt, Grocer,              Mr. J. White, 235,
+Hagley-row.                         Bristol-street.
+Mr. E. Gunn, 1, Kenyon-street.      Miss Davies, Lower Terrace, Sand
+                                    Pits
+Mr. W. Drury, 30,                   Mrs. Wood 172, High Street,
+Lancaster-street.                   Deritend
+Mr. T. Ash, Druggist,
+Prospect-row.
+
+HACKNEY COACH FARES.
+
+
+DRAWN BY TWO HORSES.  Not exceeding half a mile, 1s.—ditto one mile, 1s.
+6d.—ditto one mile and a half, 2s.—ditto two miles, 2s. 6d.—ditto three
+miles, 3s. 6d.—ditto four miles, 5s.
+
+DRAWN BY ONE HORSE.—Not exceeding one mile, 1s.—ditto one mile and a
+half, 1s. 6d.—ditto two miles, 2s.—ditto two miles and a half, 2s.
+6d.—ditto three miles, 3s.—ditto three miles and a half, 3s. 6d.—ditto
+four miles, 4s.
+
+Returning with the same Fare, half the foregoing charges.
+
+TIME.  Between the hours of nine in the morning and twelve at
+night—twenty minutes, 6d.—forty minutes, 1s.—every twenty minutes above
+forty, 6d., for being detained.
+
+TIME.  Between twelve at night and six in the morning—double the
+foregoing fares.
+
+PENALTY.  Not exceeding twenty shillings, for every offence, in case any
+driver shall refuse to show a list of the above fares, if required.
+
+
+BANKERS,
+WITH THE HOUSES WHICH THEY DRAW UPON IN LONDON.
+
+Taylor and Lloyds, Dale-end.        Hanburys, Taylors, & Lloyds.
+Attwoods, Spooner & Co., New        Spooner, Attwoods & Co.
+street.
+J. L. Moilliet & Son, Cherry        Sir. J. W. Lubbock & Co.
+street.
+Birmingham Banking Co.,             Jones, Lloyd & Co.; & Glyn,
+Bennett’s-hill.                     Halifax & Co.
+Birmingham Borough Bank, Bull       Prescott, Grote & Co.
+street.
+Nat. Prov. Bank of Birm.            Hanburys, Taylors & Lloyds.
+Bennett’s-hill.
+Birm. Town & Dist. Bank,            Barclay, Bevan & Co.
+Colmore-row.
+Birm. & Mid. Banking Co.,           Williams, Deacon & Co.
+Union-street.
+Branch Bank of England,
+Bennett’s-hill.
+Savings’ Bank, Temple-row, open on Monday and Thursday, from Twelve
+till Two o’clock.
+
+INNS.
+
+The Royal Hotel         Temple Row              The principal Family
+                                                Houses.
+New Royal ditto         New-street
+Stork                   Old Square              Family & Commercial
+Hen and Chickens        New-street              Coach, Family, and
+                                                Commercial.
+Swan                    High-street & New-st.
+Albion                  High-street
+Nelson                  High-street
+Castle                  High-street
+Saracen’s Head          Bull-street
+St. George’s Tavern     High-street
+Union                   Union-street            Chiefly Commercial.
+White Hart              Digbeth
+George                  Digbeth
+Woolpack                Moor-street
+King’s Head             Worcester-street
+
+COMMERCIAL BOARDING HOUSES.
+
+
+J. Jones, 12, Union Passage;
+
+Misses E. & C. Puddicombe, (Private & Commercial,) 3, Colmore-row;
+
+J. Smith, 72, Newhall-street;
+
+Glover, 118, New-street.
+
+
+OMNIBUS OFFICES.
+
+
+High-street; Bull-street, and Snow-hill.
+
+
+LIST OF NEWSPAPERS.—_July_ 31, 1838.
+
+_Monday_     ARIS’S GAZETTE—General and Commercial Advertising Paper,
+             established nearly a century.  Average weekly
+             circulation, 3,250 copies.
+_Thursday_   THE MIDLAND COUNTIES’ HERALD—A general business Paper,
+             circulated to a considerable extent, gratuitously, and
+             containing commercial and other information, but no
+             political discussions.  The guaranteed circulation is
+             5,000 copies weekly.
+     —       BIRMINGHAM ADVERTISER—Tory.  Circulation, 1,750 copies
+             weekly.
+_Saturday_   BIRMINGHAM JOURNAL—Radical and intelligent.
+             Circulation, 2,500 copies weekly.
+
+CANAL CONVEYANCE.
+
+
+Bird, G. R., & Son, Crescent; all parts.
+
+Crowley, Hicklin, Batty, & Co., Crescent; all parts.
+
+Danks, J., Broad-street; Liverpool, Manchester, Hull, and all places on
+the eastern coast.
+
+Danks, J., Great Charles-street; Bristol and the West of England.
+
+Greaves, Broad-street; Stratford-on-Avon, &c.
+
+Pickford & Co., Fazeley-street and Worcester Wharfs; all parts of the
+kingdom.
+
+Partridge, W. & Co., No. 5, Warehouse, Worcester Wharf; Worcester,
+Gloucester, and Bristol.
+
+Partt, C., Jun., Crescent; Stratford-on-Avon.
+
+Shipton & Co., Broad-street; Liverpool, Manchester, and all parts of the
+North of England.
+
+Smith, Great Charles-street.
+
+Swain & Co., Friday Bridge; Hull, the North, and Sheffield.
+
+Sturland, Thomas, Crescent; Bristol, Liverpool, Manchester, and all parts
+of the North.
+
+Southan, Worcester Wharf; Bristol and Wales.
+
+Smith & Wilkinson, 161, Great Charles-street; Walsall.
+
+Wheatcroft & Sons, Crescent; all parts North and East.
+
+Whitehouse & Sons, Crescent, all parts.
+
+Worthington & Co., Great Charles-street; Liverpool, Manchester, and all
+parts of the North.
+
+
+WAGGON WAREHOUSES.
+
+
+John Shackel, 52, Dale-end; London and all parts.
+
+G. Swain & Co., Friday Bridge; Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Carlisle, Durham,
+York, Hull, &c.
+
+Mead, 138, Moor-street; all parts.
+
+W. Ashmore, Edgbaston-street; Bristol and the West, and all parts of
+Norfolk.
+
+Jolly, Bromsgrove-street; London.
+
+Wheatcroft & Sons, Crescent; Leeds, Sheffield, and the North, Bristol,
+and all parts of the West.
+
+Haines & Co.’s Fly Vans, White Horse, Moor-street; London and Bristol.
+
+J. Butler, 88, Coleshill-street; Staffordshire and the Potteries.
+
+Wade & Co., Bordesley-street; Bristol and the West, Sheffield, and the
+North.
+
+Red Lion, Park-street, Digbeth; London, Bristol, and all parts.
+
+
+PLACES OF NOTE ADJACENT TO BIRMINGHAM.
+
+
+The tourist will find the following places well deserving his attention,
+and to which coaches are daily passing.  The figures denote the miles
+distant from Birmingham.
+
+The Ruins of Kenilworth Castle, 18.
+
+The Ruins of Dudley Castle, 9.
+
+Warwick Castle, 20.
+
+Guy’s Cliff, near Warwick, 21.
+
+Lichfield Cathedral, 17.
+
+Leamington Spa, 22.
+
+Hagley Park, 12.
+
+
+
+LIVERPOOL
+
+
+PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS.
+
+
+Theatre Royal, East Williamson Square.
+
+Royal Amphitheatre, Great Charlotte-street.
+
+The Liver Theatre, at the top of Church-street.
+
+Queen’s Theatre, or Circus, Christian-street.
+
+Sans Pareil, Great Charlotte-street.
+
+
+PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND OBJECTS OF ATTRACTION.
+
+
+Botanical Gardens, Edge Lane; admittance by ticket, to be obtained at all
+the Hotels.
+
+Custom House, Excise, Dock Office, Post Office, under the same roof,
+South Castle-street.
+
+Cemetery, St. James’s, top of Duke-street.
+
+— Necropolis, Low Hill.
+
+Exchange, Castle-street.
+
+House of Industry, Brownlow Hill.
+
+Infirmary, Dover-street.
+
+Lunatic Asylum, Brownlow Hill.
+
+Pistol Gallery, Tarlton-street, Williamson Square.
+
+Sessions House, situate at the West of the Exchange.
+
+Statue of George the Third, bottom of Pembroke Place, in London Road.
+
+Telegraph, bottom of Chapel-street.  May be visited on application to
+Lieut. Watson, at the Office.
+
+Town Hall, Castle-street.
+
+Wellington Rooms, Great Orford-street.
+
+Zoological Gardens; an order, which may be obtained at any of the
+respectable Hotels, will, on the payment of a shilling, admit a stranger.
+
+
+BATHS.
+
+
+The New Baths, West side of St. George’s Dock.
+
+Whitlaw’s Vapour Baths, Renshaw-street.
+
+Sadler’s Baths, Hanover-street.
+
+The Floating Bath, Prince’s Parade.
+
+
+THE DOCKS.
+
+
+Clarence Dock, for steam packets.
+
+Prince’s Dock, American ships.
+
+George’s Dock, in which is moored the Floating Church, for the
+convenience of seamen.
+
+The King’s Dock; vessels from Virginia and other ports, laden with
+tobacco.
+
+The Waterloo Dock, Victoria Dock, and Trafalgar Dock, communicate with
+each other.
+
+Canning Dock; vessels from the Northern ports, and in the coasting trade.
+
+Salt-house Dock, for ships in the Levant and Irish trade.
+
+Duke of Bridgewater’s Dock, for boats called flats, in the canal trade.
+
+Queen’s Dock, for timber ships from America and the Baltic.
+
+Brunswick Dock, vessels laden with timber.
+
+GRAVING DOCKS. Nos. 1, 2, and 3, communicate with the Canning Dock; Nos.
+4, 5, and 6, lie between the Queen’s Dock and the river; two Graving
+Docks are attached to the Brunswick Dock.
+
+
+THE MARKETS.
+
+
+St. John’s Market, Great Charlotte-street.
+
+New Fish Market, opposite St. John’s Market.
+
+The North Market, Scotland-street.
+
+St. James’s Market, Great George-street.
+
+Islington Market, top of Shaw’s Row.
+
+Cattle Market, three miles on the London Road.
+
+Corn Exchange, Brunswick-street.
+
+
+LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS.
+
+
+The Royal Institutions, Colquitt-street.
+
+Philosophical and Literary Society; meetings held at the Royal
+Institution.
+
+Apothecaries’ Hall, Colquitt-street.
+
+Mechanics’ Institution, Mount-street.
+
+Athenæum, Church-street.
+
+Lyceum, Bold-street.
+
+Apprentices’ (Male and Female) Library, School Lane.
+
+Law Library, Clarendon Buildings.
+
+Union News Room, Duke-street.
+
+
+PUBLIC CHARITIES.
+
+
+Alms Houses, St. Mary’s Lane.
+
+Blue Coat Hospital, School Lane.
+
+Blind Asylum, London Road.
+
+Bethel Union Ship, King’s Dock.
+
+Charity Institution House, Salter-street.
+
+Charity, (the Ladies’,) for Relief of Women in Childbed.
+
+Dispensaries; Vauxhall Road and Upper Parliament-street.
+
+Female School of Industry, Heathfield-street.
+
+Female Penitentiary, Crabtree Lane.
+
+House of Recovery, Workhouse.
+
+Infirmary, Brownlow-street.
+
+Institution for Diseases of the Ear, Duke-street.
+
+Infant Schools, numerous.
+
+Lunatic Asylum, Ashton-street, Brownlow Hill.
+
+Marine Society, Mariners’ Church.
+
+Marine Humane Society.
+
+Mariner’s Church Society, Ship in St. George’s Dock.
+
+Naval Bible Society, Mariners’ Church.
+
+Ophthalmic Institution, Slater’s Court.
+
+Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, Ranelagh-street.
+
+Society for bettering the Condition of the Poor, Savings Bank,
+Bold-street.
+
+Stranger’s Friend Society.
+
+School for the Deaf and Dumb, Wood-street.
+
+Theatrical Fund, Theatre Royal Office.
+
+Welsh Charitable Society, Russell Place.
+
+
+PLACES OF PUBLIC WORSHIP.
+
+
+_Church of England_—twenty-four in number; the most worthy of notice
+being, St. Paul’s, St. Paul’s Square; St. George’s, Lord-street; St.
+Peter’s, Church-street; St. Luke’s, Bold-street; St. Nicholas’,
+Chapel-street; St. Catherine’s, Abercromby-square; The Blind Asylum,
+Duncan-street East.
+
+_Roman Catholics_—St. Mary’s, Lumber-street; St. Patrick’s, Toxteth Park;
+St. Nicholas’, Blake-street; St. Peter’s, Seal-street; St. Anthony’s,
+Scotland-road.
+
+_Scotch Churches_—St. Andrew’s Church, Rodney-street; Oldham-street
+Church; Scotch Baptist Church, Hunter-street; Scotch Secession Church,
+Mount Pleasant, and Russell-street.
+
+_Unitarians_—two in number; one in Paradise-street, and one in
+Renshaw-street.
+
+_Independents_—Bethesda, Duncan-street, London-road; Toxteth Park Chapel;
+Great Crosshall-street Chapel; Renshaw-street Chapel; Gloucester-street
+Chapel; Great George-street Chapel.
+
+_Baptists_—Lime-street; Great Crosshall-street; Russell-street;
+Cockspur-street; Comus-street; Byrom-street.
+
+_Methodists_—Leeds-street; Pitt-street; Mount Pleasant; Stanhope-street;
+Moss-street; London-road; and Bend’s Garden Chapel.
+
+_Friends’ Meeting House_, Hunter-street.
+
+_Jew’s Synagogue_, Seel-street.
+
+
+TIME OF STARTING BY THE RAILROAD.
+
+
+Travelling by the _Liverpool and Manchester Railway_, 1838.—The following
+are the Times of Departure both from Lime-street Station, Liverpool, and
+from Liverpool Road Station, Manchester.
+
+FIRST CLASS—Seven, nine, eleven, two, five, and seven o’clock.
+
+SECOND CLASS—Quarter past seven, ten, twelve, three, half-past five, and
+seven o’clock, stopping only at Newton.
+
+Except on Tuesdays and Saturdays, when the Evening Second Class Train
+from Manchester starts at six, instead of half-past five o’clock.
+
+ON SUNDAYS—First Class, eight in the morning, and five in the
+evening.—Second Class, seven in the morning and half-past five in the
+evening.
+
+
+FARES.
+
+                                                       s.     d.
+By First Class Train—Four Inside—Royal Mail               6      6
+   Ditto—Six Inside—Glass Coach                           5      6
+By 2nd. Class Train—Glass Coaches                         5      6
+   Ditto—Open Carriages                                   4      0
+Charge for the conveyance of Four-wheeled Carriages      20      0
+   Ditto  Two-wheeled  ditto                             15      0
+
+HORSES—For one horse 10s.—two horses 18s.—three horses 22s.
+
+N.B.—All Horses must be embarked at the Company’s Station, Edge Hill,
+Wavertree Lane, unless accompanying Carriages to which they belong; in
+which case they may be embarked at Lime-street.
+
+
+LUGGAGE.
+
+
+NOTICE.—To prevent loss or mistake of Luggage.—Passengers are requested
+to keep charge of their small Packages, by placing them under their seats
+instead of on the roof of the coach.—The weight allowed to each passenger
+is 60 lbs., beyond which a charge will be made at the rate of 3s. per
+cwt.
+
+
+LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO WIGAN.
+
+
+By 1st Class Train, 7 a.m.—2nd Class Trains, 10, 12, a.m., 5½ p.m.
+
+SUNDAYS.—By the Second Class Trains, 7 a.m., and 5½ p.m.
+
+FARES.—From Liverpool or Manchester, 1st. Class. 5s.; 2nd Class 3s. 6d.
+
+
+LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO BOLTON.
+
+
+By 1st Class Train, 9 a.m.—2nd Class Trains, 7¼, 12 a.m., 5½ p.m.
+
+SUNDAYS.—By the Second Class Trains, 7 a.m., 5½ p.m.
+
+FARES.—From Liverpool, Inside, 5s. 6d., Outside, 4s.; and from
+,, Manchester, ,, 2s. 6d. ,, and 2s.
+
+
+LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO ST. HELEN’S.
+
+
+By the Second Class Trains, 7¼, 10, 12, a.m.; 3, and 5½, p.m.
+
+SUNDAYS.—By the Second Class Trains, 7, a.m., and 5½, p.m.
+
+FARES.—From Liverpool—Inside, 2s. 6d.  Outside, 2s.; and from Manchester,
+3s. 6d. and 2s. 6d.
+
+
+LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO RUNCORN GAP.
+
+
+By the Second Class Trains, 7¼, am., and 3, p.m.
+
+SUNDAYS.—By the Second Class Trains, 7, a.m., and 5½, p.m.
+
+FARES.—From Liverpool—Inside, 3s.  Outside, 2s. 6d.; and from Manchester,
+4s. and 3s.
+
+
+INNS.
+
+
+Adelphi Hotel, Ranelagh-street; Albion, Ranelagh-street; Angel,
+Dale-street; Blue Bell, London Road; Bull, Clayton Square; Commercial,
+Dale-street; Castle Hotel, Clayton Square; Feathers, Clayton Square;
+George Inn, Dale-street; Grecian Hotel, Dale-street; King William,
+Williamson Square; King’s Arms, Castle-street; Neptune, Clayton Square;
+Royal, Dale-street; Saracen’s Head Inn, Dale-street; Star and Garter
+Tavern, Paradise-street; Union Hotel, Clayton Square; Waterloo,
+Ranelagh-street; Wellington, Dale-street; York, Williamson Square.
+
+
+FOREIGN PACKETS.
+
+
+NEW YORK, on the 1st and 16th of every month, Baring Brothers and Co.;
+8th, Thomas and Joseph Sands and Co.; 16th, W. and J. Brown and Co.; and
+24th, Wildes, Pickersgill, and Co.
+
+BOSTON, on the 5th and 20th of each month during the spring and fall of
+the year, at other times occasionally, Maury, Latham and Co., and Baring
+Brothers and Co.
+
+PHILADELPHIA, on the 8th of every month, and at stated periods, W. and J.
+Brown and Co.
+
+CALCUTTA direct, the 20th of each month, W. and J. Tyrer, Old Churchyard.
+
+RIO DE JANEIRO, on the 1st and 16th of every month, W. and J. Tyrer; J.
+Holliwell; and Ashley Brothers.
+
+LISBON, on the let of every month, J. Bibby and Co., Duke’s Place; on the
+10th of every month, Vianna and Jones; and on the 20th of every month,
+Cotesworth and Smith.
+
+GENOA and LEGHORN, on the 1st of every month, J. Bibby and Co., Duke’s
+Place; and on the 16th, Vianna and Jones, Chapel-street.
+
+GENOA and LEGHORN, a conveyance once a month, John Rothwell, 2,
+Liver-court, South Castle-street.
+
+MESSINO and PALERMO, once a month, John Rothwell, 2, Liver-court, South
+Castle-street.
+
+BAHIA.—A regular line of Packets sails at periods, as stated in the
+newspapers, Cotesworth and Smith; W. and J. Tyrer; John Holliwell; Kers,
+Imrie and Co., and R. Tanton.
+
+OPORTO, every three weeks, Geo. Highfield, Oldhall-street; Thos. Martin,
+Salthouse Dock; Ormerod, Heyworth, and Co., Water-street; J. Bibby and
+Co.
+
+MONTE VIDEO and BUENOS AYRES.—Line of Packets to sail at stated periods,
+which are duly announced through the newspapers, W. and J. Tyrer, and
+Ashley Brothers.
+
+HAVANNAH, on the 5th of every month punctually.  Ashley Brothers.
+
+PERNAMBUCO.—A line of Packets sails at periods which are duly announced
+through the newspapers, Cotesworth and Smith; W. and J. Tyrer; John
+Holliwell; Kers, Imrie and Co.; R. Tanton, and Geo. Highfield.
+
+WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA.—Valparaiso every six weeks; Arica, Islay,
+and Lima, every four months; Lima direct every twelve weeks, W. and J.
+Tyrer; Ashley Brothers; and James Aikin.
+
+ST. THOMAS.—Line of Packets to sail at stated periods, which are
+announced through the newspapers, Kers, Imrie, and Tomlinson.
+
+
+STEAM NAVIGATION.
+ON THE RIVER.
+
+
+EASTHAM.—The William Stanley, Sir Thomas Stanley, and Lady Stanley, five
+times a day.—Dodd’s Chester and Eastham Packet House, 32, James-street.
+
+RUNCORN and WESTERN POINT, a steam packet every day.  Office, No. 19,
+Mann’s Island.
+
+RUNCORN.—The Old Quay or Mersey and Irwell Navigation Company now conduct
+their vessels to and from Runcorn by steam power, and speed vessels are
+sent daily to and from Manchester, without stoppage, with goods requiring
+despatch.  Agent, William Guyton, Manchester Dock.
+
+To ROCK FERRY, BIRKENHEAD, MONK’S FERRY, and WOODSIDE, packets are plying
+every half hour from George’s Dock, Pierhead; to SEACOMBE, from the south
+end of the Prince’s Parade; and to EGREMONT FERRY and NEW BRIGHTON, from
+the Pierhead, north of George’s Dock Basin.
+
+
+IRELAND, &c.
+
+
+ARDGLASS and STRANGFORD LOUGH.—The Victoria, every Tuesday.  Crozier and
+Co., Agents, 13, Goree Piazzas.
+
+BELFAST. The City of Dublin Steam Packet Company sail a vessel every
+Wednesday.  John M‘Cammon, 27, Water-street.
+
+BELFAST.—The Falcon and Corsair, every Monday and Friday.  Lanktrys and
+Co., 30, Water-street.
+
+CORK, &c.—The St. George Steam Packet Company’s Packets sail regularly to
+Cork, Waterford, Dundalk, Newry, and Beaumaris; and between Dublin and
+Glasgow; Dublin and Bristol; Dublin and Cork; Cork and Bristol; London,
+Portsmouth, Plymouth, Falmouth, and Cork; London and Exeter; London and
+Boston; London and Stockton; Hull and Leith; Hull and Hamburgh; Hull and
+Rotterdam; and Lubeck and Stockholm.  J. R. Pim, Agent, 21, Water-street,
+and Clarence Dock.
+
+CORK.—The John M‘Adam, every Thursday.  J. A. and R. Forshaw, 6, Goree
+Piazzas.
+
+DROGHEDA.—The Green Isle, Town of Drogheda, Fair Trader, Irishman, and
+Grana Uile, sail four times a week.  W. Splaine, 20, Water-street.
+
+DUBLIN.—Her Majesty’s packets sail every afternoon, at five o’clock,
+(without reference to the time of high water,) with the mail and
+passengers.  Captain Chappell, R. N., Agent, 33, Water-street.
+
+DUBLIN.—The City of Dublin Steam Packet Company’s vessels, the Hibernia,
+City of Dublin, Shamrock, Commerce, Britannia, Liffey, Leeds, Birmingham,
+Mersey, Nottingham, Ballinasloe, Kingstown, Huskisson,  City of Limerick,
+Athlone, Duchess of Kent, Queen Victoria, Royal William, and Royal
+Adelaide, sail daily.  Samuel Perry, 27, Water-street.
+
+LONDONDERRY.—The Isabella Napier sails every Tuesday, and the Robert
+Napier every Friday.  J. R. Pim, Agent, 21, Water-street.
+
+NEWRY.—George the Fourth.  J. R. Pim, Agent, 21, Water-st.
+
+PORT RUSH and LARNE.—The Coleraine, every Saturday.  J. A. and R.
+Forshaw, 6, Goree Piazzas.
+
+
+TO THE ISLE OF MAN, SCOTLAND, &c.
+
+
+DOUGLAS.—The Queen of the Isle and the Mona’s Isle sail daily during the
+summer, and twice a week in the winter, with the mail, goods, and
+passengers.  Moore and Christian, Agents, 23, Redcross-street.
+
+DOUGLAS.—The Monarch sails three times a week during the summer.  T.
+Blackburn, 9, Dale-street.
+
+GLASGOW.—The Unicorn, Eagle, Manchester, and Ailsa Craig sail three times
+a week, with goods and passengers.  Martin and Co., 34, Water-street.
+
+GLASGOW direct.—The Vulcan, City of Glasgow, and Commodore, sail each
+once a week.  David M‘Iver and Co., 34, Water-street.
+
+DUMFRIES and WHITEHAVEN.—The Nithsdale, once a week, Robert Sproat, 20,
+Water-street.
+
+
+NORTH WALES.
+
+
+The Air, with goods and passengers, for Beaumaris, Bangor, and Carnarvon.
+J. R. Pim, Agent, 21, Water-street, and Clarence Dock.
+
+The Countess of Glasgow sails from George’s Dock, Pierhead, for Rhyl,
+Voryd, Abergele, &c., every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday.  Joseph
+Humphries, 33, Water-street.
+
+The St. Mungo and Snowdon, every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, for
+Rhyl, Rhydland, and Abergele.  St. Mungo’s Office, 23, Water-street;
+Snowdon’s Office, 33, Water-street.
+
+The Conway Castle, every Wednesday and Saturday, during the winter
+months, for Conway.  J. T. Raines and Co., 19, James-street.
+
+
+COASTWISE.
+
+
+CARLISLE and ANNAN.—The Newcastle sails every Tuesday and Thursday.  H.
+Halton, 21, Water-street.
+
+CARLISLE and ANNAN.—The City of Carlisle and Royal Victoria three times a
+week.  J. D. Thomson, Agent, 13, Water-street.
+
+LANCASTER.—The John O’Gaunt.  John Hadwen, Atherton’s Buildings,
+Dale-street.
+
+WHITEHAVEN.—Steam packets sail three times a week during the summer
+months, and twice a week during the winter months, with passengers and
+goods.  W. Dowson, Agent, 8, Goree Piazzas.
+
+WORKINGTON and MARYPORT.—The Union sails once a week during the winter,
+and twice a week during the summer months.  J. D. Thomson, Agent, 13,
+Water-street.
+
+
+POST OFFICE.
+
+
+DELIVERY OF LETTERS.—The First Delivery commences at 8 a.m., and the
+Office continues open till the arrival of the London Mail, (per Grand
+Junction Railway,) 10.55 a.m.  The letters comprised in this delivery are
+those of the over-night Birmingham Mail (with a bag from Manchester and a
+foreign bag from London); the Holyhead and Carlisle Mails (with bags from
+Edinburgh and Glasgow); and the Dublin Packet.
+
+2nd DELIVERY—Commences about 9 a.m., with the first Manchester Mail per
+Railway; bringing also bags from Rochdale, Halifax, Bradford, Leeds, and
+York.
+
+3rd DELIVERY—Commences about 10.45 a.m., and includes the letters by the
+2nd Manchester Mail per Railway, with a bag from Newton.
+
+4th DELIVERY—Commences about 12 noon, (and continues until about 3.40
+p.m.,) in which are included bags from Birmingham, Walsall,
+Wolverhampton, Penkridge, Stafford, Newcastle, Nantwich, Middlewich,
+Northwich, Preston Brook, Warrington, Eccleshall, Stone, Towcester,
+Northampton, London, Bristol, Exeter, Falmouth; and the letters from
+Portugal, North and South America, and the West Indies, are also included
+in this delivery.
+
+5th DELIVERY—Commences about ¼ past 1, p.m., and includes the letters
+brought by the Bristol Mail.
+
+6th DELIVERY—Commences about 4 p.m., and includes letters brought by the
+3rd Manchester Mail, per Railway.
+
+7th DELIVERY—Commences about 4.50 p.m., and includes bags from
+Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Stafford, Warrington, Prescot.
+
+8th DELIVERY—Commences ten minutes past 6 p.m., with the letters by the
+Lancaster Mail, from Ormskirk and Maghull.
+
+9th DELIVERY—Commences at ¼ past 7, p.m.  It includes the letters of the
+4th Manchester Mail, per Railway, with Bags from York and Leeds.
+
+10th DELIVERY—Commences about 7.30 p.m. and includes bags from
+Birmingham, Walsall, Wolverhampton, Penkridge, Stafford, Newcastle,
+Nantwich, Middlewich, Northwich, Preston Brook, Warrington, and Prescot.
+
+_The Delivery closes finally at 9 p.m._; _on Sundays at 8 p.m._
+
+There are Three Deliveries within the Town by Letter Carriers, every day
+(except Sunday); the first delivery to commence about 8, a.m.; the second
+about 12; the third about 5, p.m.  On Sundays, only the first, at 8, a.m.
+
+When any delay occurs in the arrival of the Mails, a corresponding delay
+will, of course, occur in the delivery.
+
+The office is closed on Sundays from 9, a.m., until 1.30, p.m., and
+finally at 8, p.m.
+
+
+DESPATCH OF LETTERS.
+
+
+The following are the hours at which the letter-box is closed for making
+up the several Mails, and at which each mail is despatched:—
+
+                                     Box closes at     Despatched at
+                                         H. M.             H. M.
+FIRST GRAND JUNCTION.—Bags made             6.0 a.m.         6.20 a.m.
+up for Warrington, Preston-Brook,
+Northwich, Middlewich, Nantwich,
+Congleton, Market Drayton,
+Stafford, Penkridge,
+Wolverhampton, Walsall, and
+Birmingham; and on Tuesdays and
+Fridays a Foreign Bag to London.
+The postage of Foreign Letters
+can be paid from 5.30 to 6 a.m.,
+and up to 9 o’clock the previous
+evening.
+FIRST MANCHESTER MAIL.—Bags for            6.30 a.m.         6.50 a.m.
+Manchester, Bolton, Rochdale,
+Leeds, and York.
+CHESTER MAIL.—For Neston,                  7.30 a.m.         8.05 a.m.
+Parkgate, and Chester.
+LANCASTER MAIL.—For Maghull,                8.0 a.m.         8.15 a.m.
+Ormskirk and Southport.
+SECOND MANCHESTER MAIL.—A bag for          8.30 a.m.         8.50 a.m.
+Prescot, and (per Railway to
+Newton) bags for Newton, Wigan,
+Chorley, Preston, Lancaster,
+Carlisle, Glasgow, Edinburgh, and
+Manchester.
+SECOND GRAND JUNCTION.—Bags for            11.0 a.m.        11.20 a.m.
+Warrington, Stafford,
+Wolverhampton, and Birmingham.
+THIRD MANCHESTER MAIL.—Blackburn,         11.30 a.m.        11.50 a.m.
+Colne, Bury, and Manchester.
+PENNY POSTS.—For Birkenhead,               11.0 a.m.        12.45 p.m.
+Upton, Seacombe, New Brighton,
+Crosby, Bootle, Walton, West
+Derby, Old Swan, Woolton, and
+Wavertree.
+FOURTH MANCHESTER                          1.30 p.m.         1.50 p.m.
+MAIL.—Manchester.
+THIRD GRAND JUNCTION.—Bags for             1.45 p.m.         3.20 p.m.
+Prescot, Warrington,
+Preston-Brook, Northwich,
+Middlewich, Nantwich, Newcastle,
+Eccleshall, Stone, Stafford,
+Penkridge, Wolverhampton,
+Walsall, Birmingham, Towcester,
+Northampton, London, and Bristol;
+and letters for Portugal, North
+and South America, and the West
+Indies.  The letters for London
+sent by this despatch will be
+included in the first delivery
+there the following morning.
+CARLISLE MAIL.—For Ormskirk,                4.0 p.m.         4.30 p.m.
+Preston, Chorley, Bury,
+Blackburn, Haslingden, Lancaster,
+Westmoreland, Cumberland, and all
+Scotland.
+FIFTH MANCHESTER AND THE YORK               4.0 p.m.         4.50 p.m.
+MAILS.—For Manchester, Rochdale,
+and the Counties of York,
+Lincoln, and Durham (per
+Railway).
+BRISTOL MAIL.—Chester, South                4.0 p.m.          5.0 p.m.
+Wales, and Bristol.
+DUBLIN MAIL PACKET.—For Ireland.           4.30 p.m.          5.0 p.m.
+BOLTON MAIL.—For Bolton.                   4.30 p.m.          5.0 p.m.
+HOLYHEAD MAIL.—For Birkenhead,             6.30 p.m.          6.0 p.m.
+New Ferry, Eastham, Chester,
+North Wales.
+FOURTH GRAND JUNCTION.—Bags for             6.0 p.m.         6.20 p.m.
+Manchester, Warrington, Stafford,
+Wolverhampton, Birmingham, and
+London.  The letters for London
+sent by this despatch will be
+delivered there about 11 a.m.
+
+INDIA.—Letters to and from the East Indies are regularly forwarded by
+ships.  The postage must be paid when posted.
+
+The Rate outward is two-pence per package under three ounces, and one
+shilling per ounce above that weight.
+
+Letters conveyed outward in sealed bags, are charged with 8d., _single_,
+if sent by ship from the port at which they are posted; but if sent from
+any inland town, or to another port, 1s., which must be paid when posted.
+
+FOREIGN LETTERS.—No letters for Foreign parts, except British America,
+the British West India Islands, and France, can be forwarded, unless
+postage be first paid; in default, they are sent to the General Post
+Office, London, opened, and returned back to the writers.
+
+
+FOREIGN POST DAYS, at 3.20 P.M.
+
+
+For Demerara, Jamaica, and the Leeward Islands, 1st and 15th day in every
+month; North America and the Bahamas, the first Wednesday in every month.
+
+For Carthagena, Mexico, Cuba, Honduras, and Havannah, 15th of every
+month.
+
+For Portugal, every Friday.
+
+For South America, La Guara, Madeira, Gibraltar, and the Mediterranean,
+the first day of every month.
+
+
+HACKNEY COACH FARES,
+
+
+_Which include a reasonable quantity of Luggage_.
+
+                                                          s.     d.
+Not exceeding 1,000 yards                                  1      0
+Exceeding 1,000 yards, and not exceeding 1,700             1      6
+And for each 700 yards, or any intermediate distance       0      6
+
+                CAR FARES.—Two thirds of the above Fares.
+
+N.B.—Carriages with two horses and two wheels, or one horse and two
+wheels, or one horse and four wheels, are considered cars.  If a coach or
+car be detained above ten minutes, to be allowed 6d. for every ten
+minutes detained.
+
+                                          s.     d.
+Coach hired by the day                    18      0
+Ditto by the hour, first hour              2      6
+Ditto, and for every subsequent hour       1      6
+Car hired by the day                      12      0
+Ditto by the hour, first hour              1      6
+Ditto, for every subsequent hour           1      0
+
+Double fares to be paid after Twelve o’clock at night, except on public
+ball nights; then at such public balls, One o’clock.
+
+The driver has the option to be paid either time or distance.
+
+
+BANKERS.
+
+       _Liverpool Bankers_.            _Correspondents in London_.
+Moss and Co., Dale-street.          Barclay and Co.
+A. Heywood, Sons and Co.,           Denison and Co.
+Brunswick-street.
+Leyland and Co., 7, King-street.    Masterman and Co.
+Central Bank of England, 12,        Esdaile and Co.
+Temple-street.
+Borough Bank, Water-street.         Glyn and Co.
+Manchester and Liverpool District   Smith, Payne, and Smith.
+Banking Co., 43, Castle-street.
+I. Barned and Co., Lord-street.     Sir C. Price, Marryatt & Co. and
+                                    Bult, Son, and Co.
+Liverpool Commercial Bank,          Williams, Deacon, and Co.
+High-street.
+Bank of Liverpool, Water-street.    Glyn and Co.
+Branch Bank of England, 55,         Bank of England.
+Hanover-street.
+Phœnix Bank, Dale-street.           Grote, Prescott, and Co.
+Commercial Bank of England,         Barnet, Hoare, and Co.
+Water-street.
+Liverpool United Trades’ Bank,      Currie, Raikes, and Co., 29,
+South Castle-street.                Cornhill.
+Albion Bank, North John-street.     Grote, Prescott, and Co.
+Union Bank, Water-street.           Cunliffes and Co.
+North and South Wales Bank.         Robarts and Co.
+Royal Bank, Water-street.           Robarts and Co.
+
+LIST OF NEWSPAPERS.
+
+
+Monday—ALBION—Whig.
+
+   ,, —ADVERTISER—Commercial.
+
+Tuesday—LIVERPOOL STANDARD—Conservative.
+
+   ,, —MAIL—Conservative.
+
+   ,, —TIMES—Whig.
+
+Wednesday—COURIER—Conservative.
+
+   ,, —TELEGRAPH—Whig.
+
+Thursday—GORE’S GENERAL ADVERTISER—Commercial.
+
+   ,, —LIVERPOOL MAIL—Conservative.
+
+Friday—MERCURY—Radical.
+
+   ,, —STANDARD—Conservative.
+
+Saturday—MAIL—Conservative.
+
+   ,, —CHRONICLE—Whig.
+
+   ,, —JOURNAL—Radical.
+
+
+
+MANCHESTER.
+
+
+MANUFACTORIES.
+
+
+The great centre of the cotton manufacture, Manchester, will be an object
+of curiosity to the stranger on this account; and he will naturally be
+desirous to view some of the processes and the operations of those mighty
+agents, steam and machinery, which have added so much to the real wealth
+and glory of England.
+
+With suitable introductions, the inquiring visiter may visit the
+following establishments, where he cannot fail to be astonished at the
+vast scale on which the staple manufactures are conducted; and the
+remarkable order, arrangement, and cleanliness maintained through all
+their departments.  The immense spinning mills of Messrs. McConnel & Co.,
+Henry-street, Ancoats, will furnish to the visiter an inspection of the
+various processes to which the raw cotton is subjected in the course of
+its manufacture into twist, or thread for weaving.
+
+In the large manufactory of the Oxford-road twist company, in
+Oxford-road, he would see the processes of weaving by means of the steam
+loom.
+
+In the patent card manufactory of Mr. J. C. Dyer, Stone-street,
+London-road, he would observe the very curious mode of manufacturing the
+cards used for teasing or carding the cotton; and in the large
+establishments of Messrs. Sharp, Roberts, & Co., machinists and
+engineers, Faulkner-street, he would see the various manufactures of
+steam engines, both stationary and locomotive, boilers, steam looms, and
+every other piece of machinery required for manufacturing purposes in
+this part of the kingdom.
+
+In another branch of manufacture, that of silk, which is of growing
+importance and extent in Manchester, the visiter would be gratified by an
+inspection of the silk mill of Messrs. Royle and Crompton, Great
+Bridgewater-street.
+
+
+PUBLIC BUILDINGS, LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS.
+
+
+The Exchange and News Room, (now undergoing alteration and extension, for
+which end, the Post Office, now at the back of the building, is to be
+removed,) is situated at the foot of Market-street.  It is a
+semi-circular building, with stone front, and the large room contains a
+full length portrait of Colonel Stanley, many years member for the
+county.
+
+The Town Hall, in King-street, is a fine structure, founded in 1822; by
+application to the porter, the stranger will obtain admittance to the
+hall or “large room,” which is very handsomely decorated with fresco
+paintings, and by rich mouldings, friezes, from the Elgin marbles, &c.
+
+The Royal Institution in Mosley-street is open twice every year, during
+the exhibitions of paintings; one being limited to those of old masters
+and deceased artists; the other restricted to those of modern and living
+artists.  The entrance hall and sculpture gallery are worth notice.
+Admission a shilling.
+
+Nearly adjoining, at the back of the Royal Institution, is the Manchester
+Athenæum, now in process of erection, the members of which at present
+occupy the lower wing of the Royal Institution, with an entrance in
+Bond-street.  The front of the Athenæum is also in Bond-street, and when
+it is finished the two buildings will form a very pleasing proof of the
+architectural resources of Mr. Barry, the architect of the two new houses
+of parliament.
+
+The Manchester Mechanics’ Institution is a spacious brick edifice in
+Cooper-street, with large lecture theatre, good library, and commodious
+class rooms.  To the Athenæum and the Mechanics’ Institution there is no
+difficulty of access.
+
+The Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, one of the oldest
+and most celebrated of provincial institutions, having been founded in
+1781, has distinguished itself by its annual volumes of published
+memoirs, and is now distinguished in the person of its President, the
+venerable Dr. Dalton.  Its Hall is in George-street, nearly opposite St.
+James’s Church; but as the sittings of the society are not daily, little
+information can be given as to the admission of strangers.  Scientific
+men would doubtless find no difficulty in obtaining an introduction.
+
+The Museum and Hall of the Natural History Society, in Peter-street, can
+only be entered on presenting an order from a subscriber.  The Museum is
+very rich in almost every description of natural history; we believe in
+ornithology it is particularly so; its collection of British birds is
+said to be unequalled, and its entomological department is becoming
+exceedingly extensive.
+
+The Concert Hall, at the top of Lower Mosley-street, is an elegant
+building, especially in the interior; having a neat stone front.
+
+In Mosley-street are the Assembly and Billiard Rooms, with a plain and
+somewhat dingy exterior; but the Ball Rooms are spacious and elegant.
+
+Opposite is the Portico, so called from its large Ionic portico fronting
+the street,—a Subscription Library and News Room.—There are two other
+Subscription Libraries in the upper floors of the Exchange, and a fourth
+in Newall’s Buildings, Market street, all of considerable extent.
+
+In an old low building, (north of the Collegiate Church) to which
+entrance is had by a small gate adjoining the Palatine Buildings, Hunt’s
+Bank, the stranger will find what will amply repay even a hurried and
+hasty visit.  This building is named the College; in it are educated a
+number of boys who, from their dress, are distinguished as the Blue Coat
+Boys.  In the upper floor of the building is a long corridor, traversing
+three sides of the building, two of which are converted into a library,
+the books generally being deposited in bays, or enclosed recesses, and
+locked up.  This library, which contains upwards of 20,000 volumes, was
+founded by Humphrey Cheetham, who lived in the 17th century, and is
+wholly free; but the books are not to be removed from the place.  There
+is a spacious reading room at the further extremity of the library, where
+the student may take his worm-eaten folio, and seating himself in an old
+carved chair, may easily transport himself in fancy, two centuries back;
+for the room is of oak, panelled and carved, with old tables, chairs, and
+other furniture corresponding to the period; and several old pictures of
+the founder and other worthies.  In the library, above the books, are
+suspended various specimens of stuffed reptiles, and other objects, which
+are shown to the visiter by one of the blue coat boys, for a small
+gratuity; the chief curiosity in the exhibition being the broad
+Lancashire dialect, and strange mode of description, given by the little
+showman.
+
+To the Botanic Garden, Old Trafford, Stretford Road, (to which omnibuses
+convey visiters to Market-street,) the admission is by an order from a
+member or subscriber; the secretary is Mr. S. E. Cottam,
+Brazennose-street.  The garden covers 17 acres, and contains in its noble
+conservatories, some of the rarest and finest exotics and tropical plants
+to be seen in the kingdom.
+
+The Zoological Gardens are about a mile and a half on the new Bury road,
+whither the stranger can be conveyed by omnibus from Market-street.  One
+shilling procures admission to these gardens, which are as extensive as
+those in Surrey, covering 15 acres of ground, and, although of recent
+foundation, they already contain many very fine and rare animals,
+including a rhinoceros, elephant, lion, tigers, &c., and a very good
+collection of hardy plants.
+
+
+PLACES OF WORSHIP.
+
+
+_The Collegiate Church_.—The parish church of Manchester, and generally
+called “The Old Church” by the inhabitants, is within a short distance of
+the Exchange, at the foot of Market-street, whence the stranger, by
+passing through the Market Place and Old Millgate, will find himself at
+the principal gateway to the church-yard, which is always open.  The
+church is a fine old edifice; in the choir are some curious carvings in
+wood; the canopies for the stalls show the taste of the artist in
+tracery.  The altar piece is a relic of the loom,—a faded pictorial
+representation on tapestry, of which the colours and forms are now
+obscured by the touch of time.  There are in the church several enclosed
+chapels; amongst others, one of the Earls of Derby.  In the south
+transept, near the entrance to the registry, is the spot where, for a few
+short weeks, rested the remains of the gifted and hapless Malibran,—since
+removed to the church of Lacken, near Brussels.  Passing thence to the
+registry, is a mural monument, in white marble, by Chantrey.  Adjoining
+the registry is the chapter-house,—the ecclesiastical government of the
+parish being vested in a warden, and four fellows constitute the chapter,
+and who will probably be appointed dean and canons, when the see of
+Manchester is erected.  The parish of Manchester is of great extent,
+including upwards of thirty townships.
+
+Of the other churches in the town our limits admit but of a brief notice.
+
+_St. Ann’s_, in St. Ann’s Square, is an example of the anomalies of some
+ancient parishes,—it forms, with its grave-yard, a parish of itself; and,
+we believe, though standing in the very heart of Manchester, it counts
+but one house in its parish.
+
+_St. Mary’s_, in St. Mary’s Street, Deansgate, has a very fine spire,
+surmounted by a ball.  This was the scene of a feat of one of the
+Woottons, the steeple climbers, who, by some simple apparatus, as ropes,
+climbed up the giddy height, and removed the old ball and cross, which
+had been damaged by lightning.
+
+_St. Paul’s_, in Turner-street, has no architectural pretensions, or
+other claims to special notice.
+
+_St. John’s_, St. John’s Street, Deansgate, is a plain, brick edifice,
+once the scene of the pastoral labours of the Rev. John Clowes, a
+disciple of Emanuel Swedenborg.
+
+_St. James’s_, St. James’s Street, is a brick building.
+
+_St. Peter’s_, at the foot of Mosley-street, a handsome stone edifice,
+resembling a Grecian temple.
+
+_St. Michael’s_, Angel-street, _St. Clement’s_, Lever-street, and _St.
+George’s_, St. George’s Road, have little to tempt the stranger to visit
+them, for their external appearance.
+
+_St. Matthew’s_, Camp Field, is a very handsome stone structure, in the
+English style of architecture, erected in 1825; and the large area in
+front gives the spectator room to see its form and proportions, unimpeded
+by surrounding houses.
+
+_St. Andrew’s_, Travis-street, London-road, is a neat Gothic structure of
+stone, built in 1831.
+
+_All Saints’_, in Grosvenor-square, Chorlton-on-Medlock, was erected in
+1820: it is a stone building, standing in the midst of an enclosure, in
+the centre of the Square.
+
+_St. Saviour’s_, Plymouth Grove, Chorlton-on-Medlock, is a stone edifice,
+which is intended to receive a tower at some future period.
+
+In Salford, _Trinity Chapel_, Chapel-street, and _St. Stephen’s_, St.
+Stephen’s Street, have little to interest the stranger.
+
+_St. Phillip’s_, near the Adelphi, is a stone edifice, with a
+semi-circular colonnade in front, and a circular tower and dome of
+slender proportions, which have been compared to a pepper-box.
+
+_Christ’s Church_, Acton-square, beyond the Crescent, Salford, is of
+stone.  Its minister, the Rev. Hugh Stowell, M.A., is one of the most
+popular preachers in the town.  Not a mile beyond this, is Pendleton
+church,—a neat Gothic structure of stone, which from its position, is a
+pleasing object from many points of view for miles round.
+
+_St. George’s_, Hulme, is a specimen of the florid Gothic in some of its
+architectural decorations.
+
+_St. Luke’s_, Cheetham Hill, now in progress of erection, the first stone
+being laid in June, 1836, is another Gothic edifice, of some pretensions.
+
+Amongst the dissenting chapels and meeting houses, those of the
+Methodists and Independents are the most prominent for their numbers and
+size.  The Wesleyan Methodists have about a dozen; of which, the
+principal are the chapels in Oldham-street, Grosvenor-street
+(Chorlton-on-Medlock); and in Irwell-street, and Gravel-lane, Salford.
+The New Connexion Methodists have two; the Primitive Methodists, four;
+the Independent Methodists, two; and the Methodist Association, (the
+seceders under Dr. Warren,) five or six chapels in the town and suburbs.
+
+The Independents have seven or eight large chapels; the principal ones
+are, that in Mosley-street, the scene of the late Rev. Dr. McAll’s
+ministerial labours; that in Grosvenor-street, in which the late Rev. Mr.
+Roby once ministered; and one in Rusholme-road,—the last being the only
+one of handsome exterior.
+
+The Particular Baptists have three chapels; the Society of Friends, a
+very large, neat building, with stone front, in Dickenson-street; the
+Scotch Church is a neat stone edifice, opposite St. Peter’s Church, St.
+Peter’s Square; the Scotch Presbyterian, or Secession Church, in
+Lloyd-street and Mount-street, is a plain brick building.
+
+The Unitarians have four chapels; that in Cross-street, a large brick
+building, was destroyed by a mob, in what were called the “Sacheverel
+riots,” and parliament voted £1,500 towards its re-erection.  There is a
+small chapel in Salford, in Dawson’s Croft, Greengate; a large and very
+handsome stone-fronted edifice in Bridge-street, Strangeways; and a
+beautiful and spacious structure, one of the purest specimens of the
+English style of architecture in the town, nearly completed, in Upper
+Brook-street, Chorlton-on-Medlock, for the congregation formerly
+worshipping in the Mosley-street chapel.
+
+The Swedenborgians have two chapels; one in Peter-street, Manchester, the
+other in Bolton-street, Salford.  There are seven chapels for the Welsh,
+of different denominations; three, severally called “Christ Church,” for
+particular denominations of Dissenters; and the Jews have a synagogue in
+Halliwell-street.
+
+
+PLACES OF PUBLIC AMUSEMENT.
+
+Royal Theatre,         Fountain-street.
+Queen’s Theatre,       York-street.
+Assembly Rooms,        Mosley-street.
+Club House,            Mosley-street.
+Concert Hall,          Lower Mosley-street.
+Albion Club House,     King-street.
+Billiard Room          Mosley-street.
+
+BATHS.
+
+
+Public Baths, situate at the entrance of the Infirmary Walks.
+
+Adelphi Swimming Baths, Reservoir Terrace, Salford.
+
+Dolphin Cold Baths, Horrock Red Bank.
+
+Medicated Vapour Bath, No. 1, Lloyd-street.
+
+Whitlow’s Vapour Baths, 35, George street.
+
+
+CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
+
+
+Manchester Royal Infirmary, Dispensaries, and Lunatic Asylum, Piccadilly;
+Salford, and Pendleton Dispensary, 19, Bank Parade.
+
+House of Recovery, Aytown-street.
+
+Lying-in Hospital, Stanley-street, Salford.
+
+Sick Hospital, 16, Bond-street.
+
+Female Penitentiary, Rusholme-road.
+
+Institution for curing Diseases in the Eye, 35, Faulkner-street.
+
+The Humane Society’s Receiving Houses are four in number, viz., Lying-in
+Hospital, Stanley-street; the Ardwick and Ancoats Dispensary; the
+Lying-in Hospital, Salford; and the Salford and Pendleton Dispensary.
+
+The Chorlton-on-Medlock Dispensary.
+
+The Workhouse, Strangeways.
+
+The Vagrant Office, ditto.
+
+The Salford Workhouse, Green Gate.
+
+The Pendleton Workhouse, Ford Lane.
+
+Manchester and Salford District Provident Society, Office, 11, St.
+James’s Square.
+
+Besides the above, there are various sums bequeathed for purposes of
+charity, amounting to the annual income of upwards of £5,000.
+
+
+RAILROAD.
+
+
+For time of Trains starting, &c., see page 118.
+
+
+HOTELS, COACHES, AND COACH OFFICES.
+
+
+Buck and Hawthorn, St. Anne-street; Buck, Hanging Ditch;
+
+Bush Inn, Deans-gate; Eagle Inn, Market-street; Golden Lion, Deans-gate;
+Hare and Hounds, Shude Hill; Lower Turk’s Head, ditto;
+
+Mosley Arms, Piccadilly; Ditto, Shude Hill; New Boar’s Head, Hyde’s
+Cross; Old Boar’s Head, ditto; Palace Inn, Market-street; Peacock, ditto;
+Royal Hotel, corner of Mosely-street (the Mails start from here); Swan
+Inn, Market-street; Swan, Whitley Grove; Talbot, Market-street; White
+Swan, Shude Hill; Commercial, Market-street.
+
+
+POST OFFICE.
+
+
+_The following are the intended Arrivals and Departures of the principal
+Mails at this Office_, _from the 6th of July_, 1837.
+
+                    ARRIVAL.                                 DEPARTURE.
+                H.         M.                      H.       M.
+_London_               10          45  A.M.              3          15  P.M.—
+                                                                        Principal
+                                                                        London
+                                                                        Mail.
+                       11          45  P.M. with         6          15  P.M.—For
+                                       Foreign                          a second
+                                       Letters                          Delivery
+                                       for the                          in
+                                       first                            London.
+                                       Morning
+                                       Delivery
+                                                         6          15  A.M.—for
+                                                                        Foreign
+                                                                        Letters
+                                                                        on
+                                                                        Tuesdays
+                                                                        and
+                                                                        Fridays.
+_Bristol_              10          45  A.M.              3          15  P.M.
+_Birmingham_           10          45  A.M.              6          15  A.M.
+                        4          15  P.M.             11          15  A.M.
+                        7          15  P.M.              3          15  P.M.
+                       11          45  P.M.              6          15  P.M.
+_Edinburgh_             5          25  A.M.              8          45  A.M.
+
+_Glasgow_               3          40  P.M.              4          15  P.M.
+
+_Carlisle_
+
+_Preston_
+_Liverpool_             8          35  A.M.              6          50  A.M.
+
+                       10          35  A.M.              8          45  A.M.
+
+                        2          10  P.M.              1          50  P.M.
+
+                        3          35  P.M.              4          50  P.M.
+
+                        6          35  P.M.
+_Ireland_               8          40  A.M.              2          15  P.M.
+
+                       or          or      or
+
+                       10          40  A.M.
+
+                                       According
+                                       to the
+                                       arrival
+                                       of
+                                       Packets.
+_Leeds_                 5          45  A.M.              9           0  A.M.
+_York_                  3          25  P.M.              8           0  P.M.
+_Derby_                 3          45  P.M.              9           0  A.M.
+
+_Nottingham_
+
+_Leicester_
+
+   By
+_Buxton_.
+   Ditto                3          45  P.M.              6          15  P.M.
+
+   By
+_Birmingham_
+
+GENERAL DELIVERIES AT THE OFFICE.
+
+
+The first, at eight until half-past eight in the morning, includes
+Letters from London, Liverpool, Stafford, Wolverhampton, Birmingham,
+Market Drayton, Warrington, Frodsham, Derby, Middleton, Bolton,
+Stockport, and Macclesfield, the greatest part of Yorkshire, Lancashire,
+Cambridgeshire, Herefordshire, Norfolk, Northumberland, Sunderland, and
+Durham.
+
+The second, at nine until a quarter before twelve in the morning, First
+Liverpool, (per Railway,) includes Letters from Chester, the counties of
+Shropshire, Hereford, Leominster, part of North Wales, and all Ireland,
+Bolton, Blackburn, Bury, Burnley, Colne, Oldham, all Saddleworth,
+Ashton-under-Line, Audenshaw, Stalybridge, Hyde, Denton, Gee Cross, and
+Gorton.
+
+The third, at eleven until a quarter to twelve in the morning, Second
+Liverpool, (per Railway,) Preston, Newton-in-the-Willows, Eccles and
+Kenyon.
+
+The fourth, at twelve at noon, until half-past three in the afternoon,
+includes Letters from London, Bristol, Falmouth, the counties of
+Berkshire, Essex, Kent, Hants, Sussex, and Suffolk; part of North Wales,
+Cornwall, Devonshire, Somersetshire, Oxfordshire, Warwickshire,
+Northamptonshire, Bedfordshire, Cheshire, and all the West of England;
+Walsall, Wolverhampton; Stafford, Stone, Shiffnall, Chester, Newcastle,
+Lawton, Northwich, Knutsford, Middlewich, Nantwich, Preston-Brook,
+Runcorn, Warrington, Frodsham, Penkridge, Eccleshall, Towcester,
+Northampton, Altringham, Didsbury, Cheadle, and Wilmslow.
+
+The fifth, at half-past two until half-past three in the afternoon, Third
+Liverpool, (per Railway,) and Leigh.
+
+The sixth, at a quarter-past four in the afternoon until nine at night,
+includes Letters from York, Wetherby, Leeds, Bradford, Huddersfield,
+Halifax, Rochdale; parts of Suffolk, Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, and
+Scotland, Derby, Ashbourn, Leek, Macclesfield, and Stockport; the
+counties of Bedford, Hertford, Leicester, and Northampton; Disley,
+Buxton, Bakewell, Matlock, Belper, Sheffield, &c.; Fourth Liverpool, (per
+Railway,) Carlisle, the whole of Scotland, the counties of Westmoreland
+and Cumberland, Ulverston, Lancaster, Preston, &c.
+
+The seventh, at half-past seven until nine at night, Fifth Liverpool,
+(per Railway,) includes Letters from Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Stafford,
+Walsall, Shiffnall, Chester, Newcastle, Lawton, Middlewich, Northwich,
+Warrington, Frodsham, Preston-brook, Runcorn, Penkridge, Knutsford,
+Congleton, Stockport, Bolton, and Rochdale.
+
+There are three deliveries by the carriers for the towns of Manchester
+and Salford, daily, at 8 30, a.m., at 12 30, p.m., and 5, p.m., except on
+Sundays, when there is only a morning delivery.  The deliveries, of
+course, must be delayed, if any irregularity in the arrival of the Mails.
+The letter carriers are at the office from 7 to 8 30, a.m., from 12 to 12
+30, p.m., and from 4 to 5, p.m.; but no letters can be delivered by them
+at the office, except to persons who have not been found when on their
+rounds.
+
+The Office continues open for strangers from 8 in the morning until 10 at
+night.  On Sundays, the office is closed from half-past 10 till half-past
+12, and from 3 till 5.
+
+
+HACKNEY COACH FARES.
+
+               DAY FARES.                  One Horse     Two Horse
+                                             Coach         Coach
+_These Fares are to be taken_, _either
+for time or distance_, _at the option
+of the driver_.
+                                             s.     d.     s.     d.
+Any distance not exceeding two thirds         1      0      1      0
+of a mile, or 1172 yards.
+Any distance exceeding two thirds of a        1      0      1      6
+mile, and not exceeding 1 mile, or 1760
+yards
+And for every succeeding third of a           0      4      0      6
+mile, or 586 yards
+If for time, then for any time not            1      0      1      0
+exceeding a quarter of an hour
+For every succeeding quarter of an hour       0      4      0      6
+For every stoppage to take up more than       0      4      0      6
+once, and to set down more than twice,
+an additional
+For every quarter of an hour waiting          0      4      0      6
+after being called
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+      FARES FROM ST. ANN’S SQUARE.         One Horse     Two Horse
+                                             Coach         Coach
+                                             s.     d.     s.     d.
+_Stockport Road_—26 yards past                1      0      1      0
+Lees-street (left)
+   — 50 yards past Travis-street              1      0      1      6
+(right)
+_Cheetham Hill_—opposite further side         1      0      1      0
+Johnson-st.
+   — 83 yards short of lane on left,          1      0      1      6
+near first mile stone
+_Oldham Road_—27⅔ yards past                  1      0      1      0
+Warwick-st. (left)
+   — 18 yards past German-st. (right)         1      0      1      6
+_Stretford Road_—23½ yds. past                1      0      1      0
+Gaythorn-st. (right)
+   — 31 yards short of Branch to New          1      0      1      6
+Eccles Road
+_Broughton Road_—2 yards past end of          1      0      1      0
+Paradise-row
+   — 3 yards short of first corner of         1      0      1      6
+Broughton Bridge
+_Bury New Road_—6½ yards past door of         1      0      1      0
+Whitster’s Arms
+   — 14 yards short of line of building       1      0      1      6
+belonging to Mrs. Lomas
+_Pendleton Road_—45½ yards short of           1      0      1      0
+Irwell-street
+   — 4 yds. short of Black Horse door         1      0      1      6
+_New Eccles or Regent Road_—32⅓ yds.          1      0      1      0
+past Collier-street, Liverpool-road
+   — opposite end of New Quay Co.’s           1      0      1      6
+yard
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+         FARES FROM PICCADILLY.            One Horse     Two Horse
+                                             Coach         Coach
+                                             s.     d.     s.     d.
+_Stockport Road_—23 yards beyond              1      0      1      0
+Russel-street
+   — 52 yards short of centre of new          1      0      1      6
+Sheffield-road
+_Cheetham Hill_—7⅓ yds. short of toll         1      0      1      0
+bar on bridge
+   — 37 yds. beyond York-place on left        1      0      1      6
+_Oldham Road_—3⅓ yards beyond                 1      0      1      0
+Arundel-street
+   — 10 yds. beyond Hall’s Place on           1      0      1      6
+right
+_Stretford Road_—7⅓ yards past Briton’s       1      0      1      0
+Protection Inn, Bridgewater-street
+   — 11½ yards past end of factory next       1      0      1      6
+river Medlock on left
+_Broughton Road_—25⅓ yards beyond             1      0      1      0
+Bell’s Gates, Salford
+   — 39 yds. short of Green Bk. Terrace       1      0      1      6
+_Bury New Road_—2⅓ yards beyond               1      0      1      0
+Backhouse and Hyde’s distillery
+   — 52 yards past Nightingale-street         1      0      1      6
+_Pendleton Road_—Opposite 1st corner of       1      0      1      0
+Walker’s timber yard gates
+   —3½ yards past Smith-st., Salford          1      0      1      6
+
+Every person calling a coach, and not employing it to such call, shall
+pay such sum as would have been due for carrying a fare from the stand to
+the place where the driver was called to.
+
+Carriages drawn by one horse to carry not exceeding four persons besides
+the driver; and in carriages drawn by two horses, for every person above
+four in addition to the driver, one fourth of the whole fare.
+
+The above fares shall be deemed a sufficient compensation for any
+reasonable luggage which the passengers may think fit to take.
+
+When the fares for any carriage with two horses shall amount to four
+shillings or upwards, or any carriage with one horse, three shillings or
+upwards, it shall be at the option of the hirer to detain such carriage,
+to return in the same, on payment of half fare, provided it be not
+detained more than twenty minutes, and for which detention no additional
+sum shall be demanded.
+
+NIGHT FARES.—After 12 o’clock at night, or before 6 o’clock in the
+morning, double the above fares are to be allowed; but when double fare
+for distance is charged, single fare for waiting only to be allowed; or
+if double fare for waiting is charged, only single fare for distance.
+
+   [_Time of standing_, _from nine_, _morning_, _to twelve_, _night_.]
+
+_Piccadilly Stand_.—3 pair-horse, 20 one-horse coaches.
+
+_St. Ann’s Square_.—2 pair-horse, 15 one-horse coaches.
+
+_Railway Station and St. Peter’s Square_.—2 pair-horse, and 7 one-horse
+coaches, may stand at either of these places: they usually ply in
+Liverpool Road, at the arrivals of the railway trains, and at other times
+stand in St. Peter’s Square.
+
+_Hunt’s Bank_, _by the Church Steps_.—2 one-horse coaches.
+
+_Tame-street_, _opposite the Crescent_, _Ancoats_.—1 one-horse coach.
+
+
+SALFORD.
+
+
+_Front of New Bailey_.—Twelve coaches.
+
+
+CHORLTON-ON-MEDLOCK.
+
+
+_All Saints’ Church_.—Seven coaches.
+
+_Upper Brook-street_.—Four coaches.
+
+_Tuer-street_, _Oxford-street_.—Two coaches.
+
+
+BANKERS.
+
+         _Manchester Bankers_.            _Correspondents in London_.
+Bank of England Branch Bank.              Bank of England.
+Savings’ Bank, Mr. Jn. Atkinson, Agent,
+1, Cross-street.
+Cunliffes, Brooks, & Co.,                 R. Cunliffe, jun., & Co.
+Market-street.
+Daintry, Ryle, & Co., Norfolk-street.     Whitmore, Wells, & Co.
+B. Heywood & Co., St. Anne-street.        Masterman & Co.
+W. Jones, Lloyd, & Co., King-street.      Jones, Lloyd, & Co.
+Scholes, Tetlow, & Co., Cannon-street.    Curries & Co.
+Bank of Manchester, Market-street.        Denison & Co.
+Manchester & Liverpool District Bank,     Smith, Payne, & Co.
+Spring Gardens.
+Northern and Central Bank,                Westminster Bank.
+Crown-street.
+Union Bank, Crown-street.                 Glyn & Co.
+Commercial Bank of England,               Masterman & Co.
+Mosley-street.
+Manchester & Salford Bank, King-st.       Williams, Deacon & Co.
+South Lancashire Bank, Crown-street.      Barclay & Co.
+
+NEWSPAPERS.
+
+
+There are five Newspapers in Manchester; four of them weekly, published
+on Saturday; and the fifth, the Guardian, published twice a week,
+Wednesday and Saturday.  We annex their names and politics, and their
+circulation, as deduced from the stamp return for the three months ending
+1st March, 1838:—
+
+GUARDIAN, Whig                5050
+ADVERTISER, Ultra Radical     3412
+TIMES, Moderate Radical       2529
+COURIER, Conservative         2824
+CHRONICLE, Conservative       1382
+
+*** For further particulars we refer the Stranger to the Manchester
+Directory.
+
+
+PRINCIPAL TOWNS NEAR MANCHESTER.
+
+
+_Altringham_.  Its chief manufactures are yarn, cotton, and worsted.
+Population, 2,302. 8 miles S.W. of Manchester.
+
+_Ashton_.  Woollens.  Population, 9,222.  7 miles E.
+
+_Bolton_.  Muslin, quilting, and dimity.  Population, 22,037. 11 miles
+N.W.
+
+_Bury_.  Cotton.  Population, 10,583.  9 miles N.N.W.
+
+_Fairfield_.  A Moravian settlement.  4 miles E.
+
+_Knutsford_.  Thread, worsted, and leather. Population, 2,753. 15 miles
+S.
+
+_Macclesfield_.  Silk.  Population, 17,746.  18 miles S.
+
+_Middleton_.  Cotton.  Population, 12,793.  7 miles N.
+
+_Newton_.  Fustian and cotton.  Population, 1,643.  16 miles W.
+
+_Rochdale_. Woollen and strong cotton goods. Population, 61,011.  12
+miles N.
+
+_Stockport_.  Cotton.  Population, 21,726.  7 miles S.
+
+_Warrington_.  Cotton.  Population, 13,570.  15 miles W.
+
+_Wigan_.  Cotton and linen.  Population, 17,716.  18 N.W.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+Acton station, 58.
+
+Aston church, 13.
+
+— hall, 14.
+
+— viaduct, _ib._
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Basford station, 45.
+
+Barr Beacon, 16.
+
+Beeston castle, account of, 51.
+
+Bescot Bridge station, 19.
+
+Birmingham, account of, 1.
+
+— antiquity of, 2.
+
+— bankers, 111.
+
+— brass founders, 106.
+
+— British plate manufacturers, _ib._
+
+— button manufacturers, _ib._
+
+— buildings and institutions of, 7, 9, 97, 98.
+
+— canal conveyance, 113.
+
+— commercial boarding houses, 112.
+
+— cut and plain glass manufacturers, 107.
+
+— etymology of, 1.
+
+— glass works, 107.
+
+— gun and pistol makers, _ib._
+
+— hackney coach fares, 111.
+
+— inns, 112.
+
+— iron founders, 108.
+
+— japanners, _ib._
+
+— jewellers, silversmiths, and emporiums for every description of
+cutlery, plated wares, &c., _ib._
+
+— lamp, chandelier, candelabra, lustre, &c. manufacturers, 108.
+
+— manufactures of, 4.
+
+— manufacturers, miscellaneous, &c., 109.
+
+— metal rollers, 108.
+
+— newspapers, list of, 112.
+
+— omnibus offices, _ib._
+
+— pin makers, 109.
+
+— places of note adjacent to, 114.
+
+— places of worship, 8, 9, 99–105.
+
+— platers, and manufacturers of silver and plated wares, 109.
+
+— post office, 110.
+
+— public amusements, 98.
+
+— public charities, _ib._
+
+— schools, _ib._
+
+— screw manufacturers, 109.
+
+— station house, 12.
+
+— steam engine manufacturers, 109.
+
+— waggon warehouses, 114.
+
+— water works, 15.
+
+Bolton Junction station, 85.
+
+Bridgeford hall, 37.
+
+— station, 36.
+
+Broad Green station, 70.
+
+Bury-lane station, 85.
+
+Bushbury hill and church, 26.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Cannock Chase, 28.
+
+Chat Moss, account of, 86.
+
+Congleton, account of, 49.
+
+Coppenhall station, 48.
+
+Crewe station, 46.
+
+Cross-lane Bridge station, 88.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Darlaston, account of, 20.
+
+Delamere Forest, account of, 51.
+
+Duddeston, 13.
+
+Dudley, account of, 18.
+
+Dutton viaduct, 58.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Eccles church, 87.
+
+Eccleshall, account of, 38.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Four Ashes station, 28.
+
+Frodsham, account of, 60.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Hampstead hall, 17.
+
+Hartford station, 55.
+
+Huyton Gate and Roby-lane Gate stations, 69.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+James’s Bridge station, 20.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Knowsley Park, 69.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Liverpool, account of, 72.
+
+— antiquity of, _ib._
+
+— bankers, 128.
+
+— baths, 116.
+
+— buildings of, 79, 115.
+
+— castle of, 73.
+
+— commerce of, 77.
+
+— distinguished natives of, 82.
+
+— docks of, 78, 116.
+
+— etymology of, 72.
+
+— foreign packets, 120.
+
+— harbour of, 77.
+
+— importance of, 74.
+
+— inns, 120.
+
+— literary, and scientific institutions, 116.
+
+— manufactures of, 82.
+
+— markets, 116.
+
+— newspapers, list of, 129.
+
+— objects of attraction, 115.
+
+— post office, 124–127.
+
+— places of worship, 81, 118.
+
+— public amusements, 115.
+
+— public charities, 117.
+
+— railroad regulations, 118.  See also sheet table.
+
+— steam navigation, 121–124.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Madeley station, 43.
+
+Manchester, account of, 89.
+
+— bankers, 143.
+
+— baths, 136.
+
+— commencement of its manufacturing celebrity, 90.
+
+— distinguished natives of, 96.
+
+— etymology of, 89.
+
+— hackney coach fares, 140–142.
+
+— hotels, coaches, and coach offices, 137.
+
+— manufactures of, 91, 130.
+
+— newspapers, 143.
+
+— origin of, 89.
+
+— places of public amusement, 136.
+
+— places of worship, 133–136.
+
+— post office, 138–140.
+
+— principal towns near, 144.
+
+— public buildings and institutions of, 94, 131, 136.
+
+— railroad, 137.
+
+— situation of, 93.
+
+Mersey viaduct, 62.
+
+Middlewich, account of, 52.
+
+Minshull Vernon station, 50.
+
+Moore station, 61.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Nantwich, account of, 46.
+
+Newton Junction, 65.
+
+— town of, 84.
+
+Nixon, Robert, account of, 54.
+
+Northwich, account of, 56.
+
+— brine springs, _ib._
+
+Norton Bridge station, 37.
+
+Norton priory, 60.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Old Roman Way, 29.
+
+Over, account of, 53.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Parkside station, 85.
+
+Patricroft station, 87.
+
+Penkridge church, 30.
+
+— station, 31.
+
+Perry Barr station, 16.
+
+— hall, 17.
+
+Potteries, account of, 38.
+
+Prescot, account of, 68.
+
+Preston-Brook station,60.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Quarry Bridge, 30.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Rowley Hills, 21.
+
+Runcorn, account of, 61.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Sandbach, account of, 49.
+
+Sandwell Park, 17.
+
+Spread Eagle station, 29.
+
+Stafford, account of, 32.
+
+— station, _ib._
+
+Standon church, 40.
+
+Stone, account of, 38.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Tunnel, Liverpool, 70.
+
+— Wednesfield, 22.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Vale Royal viaduct, 54.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Walsall, account of, 19.
+
+Warrington station, 62.
+
+— account of, _ib._
+
+Waste-lane station, 88.
+
+Wednesbury, account of, 19.
+
+West Bromwich, 17.
+
+— gas works, _ib._
+
+Whitmore station, 41.
+
+Willenhall, account of, 22.
+
+— station, _ib._
+
+Winsford station, 53.
+
+Winwick church, 64.
+
+— hall, 65.
+
+— station, 64.
+
+Wolverhampton, account of, 24.
+
+— station, 23.
+
+
+
+
+NOTES.
+
+
+{v}  The work is published either with or without the steel plates.
+
+{7}  The proceeds of the Musical Festivals are for the benefit of the
+General Hospital, and not given to the Dispensary, as is stated in Mr.
+Lacy’s Liverpool Guide-book.
+
+{11}  “The Picture of Birmingham,” published by J. Drake, New-street,
+containing an historical and descriptive account of the town, with an
+accurate map, and twelve views of the principal buildings, &c.
+
+{14}  See page 2.
+
+{97a}   For a detailed account of objects worthy the traveller’s notice,
+see the “Picture of Birmingham,” published by J. Drake, 52, New-street;
+W. Wood, 78, High street; and to be had of all booksellers.
+
+{97b}  A correct view of the Town Hall, Free Grammar School, and Market
+Hall, to be had on a sheet, the one shilling, at J. Drake’s, 52,
+New-street, and of all booksellers.
+
+{106}  The limits of this work would not admit of a more extensive list
+of the manufacturers of Birmingham, which are exceedingly numerous.
+
+{110}  With Foreign Letters, _via_ Birmingham and Chester to Holyhead.
+
+
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENTS.
+
+
+CLARK’S
+METALLIC HOT-HOUSE MANUFACTORY,
+
+
+                           _ESTABLISHED_ 1818,
+
+                   FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND ERECTION OF
+
+                             CONSERVATORIES,
+
+                           HOT AND GREEN-HOUSES
+
+                                   AND
+
+                         HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS
+
+                          OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                  COPPER SASHES, FAN-LIGHTS, SKY-LIGHTS,
+
+                               &c. &c. &c.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                               PROPRIETOR,
+                        MR. THOMAS CLARK, JUNIOR,
+
+                                 MANAGER,
+                             MR. JOHN JONES.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                      64, Lionel-street, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+W. AND T. AVERY,
+
+
+                            ESTABLISHED 1730,
+
+                      MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF
+
+                    SCALES, SCALE BEAMS, & STEELYARDS,
+
+                                _TO WEIGH_
+
+                  From 100th part of a grain to 20 tons;
+
+                        PATENT WEIGHING MACHINES,
+
+                       Screw Plates and Die Stocks;
+
+                 ROAD MACHINES UPON THE BEST PRINCIPLES;
+
+              Standard Scales and Weights for Corporations:
+
+                           DIGBETH, BIRMINGHAM,
+
+                      AND 32, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+JOSEPH STUBBS,
+
+
+                                   LATE
+
+                          RADENHURST AND STUBBS,
+
+                            _MANUFACTURER OF_
+
+                          WHIPS AND WHIP THONGS,
+
+                        SADDLES, BRIDLES, HARNESS,
+
+                                   &c.
+
+                 13, Jamaica-row, Smithfield, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                         [Picture: Coat of Arms]
+
+
+
+EDWARDS, BALL AND CO.,
+
+
+                       82, High-street, Birmingham,
+
+                  JEWELLERS, SILVERSMITHS, CUTLERS, &c.,
+                                 EMPORIUM
+
+                         FOR THE MANUFACTURES OF
+
+                 _BIRMINGHAM_, _SHEFFIELD_, _AND LONDON_.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                      Established nearly a century.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+THIS spacious suite of Rooms offers to the inspection of the Visiter, an
+extensive selection of fashionable Jewellery, Gold and Silver Plate; and
+a large assortment of second hand Plate; Plated Wares of every variety;
+Fancy Silver Goods; Gilt Jewellery and Trinkets; Gold and Silver Watches;
+German Silver, and Plated on Steel Articles; Warranted Cutlery, Elastic
+Razors, and Strops; Fancy Hearth Brushes; Papier Mâchée Trays and
+Japanned Wares; Bronze Tea and Coffee Urns; Britannia Metal Goods; Bronze
+and Or Molu Suspending and Table Lanps, Candelabra, Lustres, Inkstands,
+&c.; Regulation and Dress Swords; Patent Corkscrews; Snuffers and
+Polished Steel Articles of every description.
+
+N.B. Canteens made and fitted to contain Plate. Livery Button Dies cut,
+and Buttons made to order on the shortest notice. Medals and Seals for
+Public Companies and Scientific Societies, Communion Services,
+Presentation Plate, and Silver Cups designed and executed in the first
+style of Art.
+
+                    Arms, Crests, and Mottos Engraved.
+
+                    FURNISHING IRONMONGERY IN GENERAL.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+JAMES WARD,
+
+
+                   No. 12, ST. MARY’S ROW, BIRMINGHAM,
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                           _GUN CLEANING RODS_,
+
+                             WADDING PUNCHES,
+
+               Cap’d and Common Worms, Lock Vices, Nipples,
+
+                      _NIPPLE AND OTHER TURNSCREWS_,
+
+                         BULLET AND SHOT MOULDS,
+
+                                 &c. &c.
+
+                      ENGRAVING AND LETTER-CUTTING;
+
+ Letter Punches, Sheep, Bag, and Burn Marks; Door Plates and Seals neatly
+               engraved; Artificial Flower Punches, &c. &c.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+THOMAS ELKINGTON,
+
+
+                         GOLD AND SILVER BEATER,
+
+                          _WHOLESALE DEALER IN_
+
+                       SILVER POWDER, BRONZE, &c.,
+
+                     146, Lionel-street, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+R. W. CHILD,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                            _FANCY GILT TOYS_,
+
+                             JEWELLERY, &c.,
+
+                   36, Lench-street, St. Mary’s Square,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                         [Picture: Coat of Arms]
+
+
+
+MAPPLEBECK AND LOWE’S
+
+
+                     EMPORIUM FOR THE MANUFACTURES OF
+
+                    BIRMINGHAM, LONDON, AND SHEFFIELD
+                MANUFACTURING AND FURNISHING IRONMONGERY,
+
+                          Wholesale and Retail.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                             BY APPOINTMENT,
+_Agents to Messrs. JOSEPH RODGERS and SONS_, _Sheffield_, _Cutlers to her
+                                Majesty_.
+
+THE Nobility, Gentry, and Strangers visiting Birmingham, are respectfully
+invited to this Establishment, whether as Purchasers, or Parties in
+search of amusement. The SHOW ROOMS, contain the finished articles for
+Sale that are manufactured in this Town, London, and Sheffield—and are
+open to all persons of respectability. Cards of admission, to inspect
+some of the distinguished Manufactories, may be obtained at this
+Establishment.
+
+
+Cutlery Show Rooms,
+
+
+Contains an elegant and splendid assortment of every description of
+articles in Cutlery, and beautiful specimens from the Manufactory and
+Show Rooms of Messrs. Rodgers and Sons, and various other articles which
+present novelties of unusual taste and variety; also, an extensive
+variety of rich _Sheffield Plated Wares_, (with strong Silver edges and
+shields for engraving arms or crests upon,) _German Silver and Britannia
+Metal Goods_.
+
+
+Furnishing Show Room,
+
+
+Contains splendid Patent Fire Places, elegant Bronzed Steel and Or-molu
+Stove Grates, Fenders, Fire Irons and supports—Bronzed Tea and Coffee
+Urns, Kettles on Stands, &c. &c., of the best manufacture, and entirely
+new patterns.—A splendid assortment of the best Japanned Papier Machée
+Trays and Waiters; also, Ladies’ Work Tables, Fire Screens, Card Racks,
+and Cases from the first manufacturers.—Bronzed Inkstands, Lustres,
+Thermometers, Card Racks, Wax Tapers, &c. &c.—Chandelier, Table, Hall,
+Candle and other Lamps, and Candelabras in Bronze and Or-molu.
+
+
+Establishment for Furnishing
+
+
+Gentlemen’s Seats, Halls, Houses, &c., in the most complete manner and
+first style of elegance: Kitchen Ranges, on most improved principles;
+Economical Cooking Apparatus, with the latest improvements, and every
+description of Ironmongery, and superior Braizery Goods; improved Shower
+Baths, with Pump; Warm, Cold, Hip, and Feet Baths; Horticultural
+Implements in great variety, viz., Tool Chests, Fumigating Bellows,
+Scott’s Portable Garden Pumps, Engines, and Mennogrammes (or improved
+Labels) for Flower Pots, &c., highly approved of by the first
+Horticulturists.
+
+ EXPERIENCED BELL-HANGERS AND LOCKSMITHS SENT TO ANY PART OF THE COUNTRY.
+
+The Wholesale Ironmongery business connected with this Establishment, is
+conducted at No. 1, GOLDEN COURT, adjoining.
+
+*** _Goods for Exportation and Shipping Orders_, _executed on the most
+advantageous terms_.
+
+                        6, Bull Ring, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+JOHN RODGERS AND SONS,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURERS OF
+
+                      WOOLLEN GIRTH, ROLLER, BRACE,
+
+                                   AND
+
+                                BELT WEBS;
+
+                        ELASTIC INDIA RUBBER WEBS,
+
+                         AND EVERY DESCRIPTION OF
+
+                     BRACES, BELTS, MILITARY SASHES,
+
+                    GIRTHS, SILK PURSES, WATCH GUARDS,
+                                   &c.,
+
+                         CHISWELL-STREET, LONDON,
+
+                      And Broad-street, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+THOMAS CLARK AND CO.,
+
+
+                        JEWELLERS & SILVERSMITHS,
+
+                           _GILT AND STEEL TOY_
+
+                              MANUFACTURERS,
+
+                                 &c. &c.,
+
+                      53, Lionel-street, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                    GOLD, SILVER, AND GILT JEWELLERY;
+
+                               SNUFF BOXES,
+                EVER POINTED PENCIL CASES, THIMBLES, &c.,
+
+                    In great variety, always on hand.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                         [Picture: Coat of Arms]
+
+
+
+JAMES BROWN,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                          BRITANNIA METAL GOODS,
+
+                       Paradise-street, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+JOHN LILLEY, JUN.,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                         SILVER AND PLATED WARES,
+
+                         MILITARY ORNAMENTS, &c.,
+
+                         _OF EVERY DESCRIPTION_,
+
+                    23, St. Paul’s Square, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+THOMAS HORTON, AND CO.,
+
+
+                         MAKERS OF GERMAN SILVER,
+
+                           AND MANUFACTURERS OF
+
+                           SPOONS, FORKS, &c.,
+
+                     _IN THE IMPROVED BRITISH PLATE_,
+
+                      34, Lench-street, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+SAMUEL RAWLINS & SON,
+
+
+                      MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF
+
+                            Saddlery, Harness,
+
+                        BRIDLES, SHOT-BELTS, &c.,
+
+                             FOR EXPORTATION.
+
+                        CURRIERS, LEATHER FACTORS,
+
+                                   AND
+
+                         FOREIGN HIDE MERCHANTS,
+
+                         No. 100, WEAMAN STREET,
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+NEEDHAM’S
+
+
+                             IMPROVED PATENT
+
+                           MILITARY & PORTABLE
+
+                               _BOX SPURS_,
+
+                     AND SPURS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION,
+
+                    FOR THE HOME AND FOREIGN MARKETS.
+
+                    MANUFACTORY, 16, COLESHILL STREET,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                         [Picture: Coat of Arms]
+
+
+
+W. HOPKINS & SON,
+
+
+                          (_Late James Barron_,)
+
+                               PATENT BLIND
+
+                              MANUFACTURERS,
+
+                                   AND
+
+                         GENERAL BRASS FOUNDERS,
+
+                         25, LOWER TEMPLE-STREET,
+
+                               Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                  MAPS MOUNTED ON A SUPERIOR PRINCIPLE;
+
+                      SPRING BLINDS FOR SHOP FRONTS,
+
+                       ON AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION;
+
+                            GAUZE WIRE BLINDS,
+
+                     OLD BLINDS PAINTED AND REPAIRED,
+
+                              &c., &c., &c.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+SAMUEL BROWN,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                    Pocket Books & Fancy Leather Cases
+
+                            IN EVERY VARIETY.
+
+                           UPPER GOUGH STREET,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+FASHIONABLE
+CLOTHING ESTABLISHMENT,
+CURZON PLACE, NEW STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                              W. B. REYNOLDS
+
+Has much pleasure in announcing to his Friends and the Public generally,
+that (in consequence of the decease of his late foreman) he has succeeded
+in engaging from London a Gentleman of acknowledged taste, ability, and
+experience, to superintend the cutting department of his business. He
+therefore feels the fullest confidence in soliciting the continued
+patronage of his Friends, the Gentry, and Inhabitants of Birmingham and
+its vicinity, respectfully assuring them, that all orders with which he
+may be favoured will be executed in a style of superiority and fashion,
+not to be surpassed by any establishment at the West end of the
+metropolis.
+
+To the Ladies, W. B. R. requests particularly to observe, that, having
+for five years had the management of a business in Bond Street, London,
+in which
+
+                           LADIES RIDING HABITS
+
+formed a leading feature, and much conduced to its celebrity, he can
+promise without reserve, that their commands in this department shall be
+executed in a manner equal, if not superior, in taste and elegance, to
+the most reputed houses in the kingdom.
+
+                  LIVERIES, MACINTOSH GREAT COATS, &c.,
+                            IN EVERY VARIETY.
+
+                           FUNERALS FURNISHED.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+No. 7, ST. PAUL’S SQUARE, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                            WILLIAM MITCHELL,
+
+                        ORIGINAL GENERAL METALLIC
+
+                                   PEN
+
+                              MANUFACTURER,
+
+MOST respectfully requests the notice of the Merchants, Dealers, and
+Stationers, to his extensive Assortment of
+
+
+STEEL PENS,
+
+
+comprising every variety of the most approved general patterns,
+manufactured of the best materials, and finished in a most superior
+manner; also, with the above he particularly recommends his
+
+
+VICTORIA PENS,
+
+
+as combining in themselves all the best properties of the Quill, and
+possessing, in a superior degree, the durability and beautiful equality
+in the appearance of the writing, that the most elaborately finished
+Steel Pens exhibit.
+
+Sold Wholesale at the Manufactory, and at his Agents’, Messrs. Wood &
+Son, No. 4, Newcastle-street, Farringdon-street, London; Mr. Simmons’,
+No. 9, St. Ann’s Square, Manchester; Mr. Grafton’s, Civet Cat,
+Lord-street, Liverpool, and retail by all Stationers.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+CABINET,
+UPHOLSTERY, AND PAPER HANGING
+WAREHOUSE,
+
+
+            16, WORCESTER-STREET, (OPPOSITE THE MARKET HALL,)
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                J. WRIGHT,
+
+VERY respectfully calls the attention of Families Furnishing, to his
+extensive Stock, which will be found to consist of an unusually large
+assortment of
+
+
+CABINET FURNITURE:
+
+
+comprising great varieties of every article of warranted manufacture, and
+of the most seasoned materials, for every department of the dwelling,
+manufactured consistently with the prevailing Metropolitan style and
+taste, and with great regard to that desideratum of the day—_economy in
+price_.
+
+
+UPHOLSTERY, &c.
+
+
+Damask and Plain Moreens, Chintzes, Trimmings, Floor Cloths,
+Table-Baizes, &c. &c., of the first quality.
+
+
+PAPER HANGINGS
+
+
+In great variety, selected from the first houses in the Trade; and which
+for style, quality, or price, he flatters himself cannot be excelled.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+MENDEL’S
+MANCHESTER AND LIVERPOOL
+HOTEL,
+BRIDGE-STREET, MANCHESTER.
+
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                             EMANUEL MENDEL,
+
+BEGS leave to inform Commercial Gentlemen and the Public generally, that
+he has opened the above House, which is fitted-up in a superior manner,
+and hopes, by attention and assiduity, to merit a share of public
+patronage.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+               WINES AND SPIRITS OF THE VERY BEST QUALITY.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+            N.B.—EXCELLENT STABLING AND LOCK-UP COACH-HOUSES.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                         [Picture: Coat Of Arms]
+
+
+
+ROYAL HOTEL,
+_MAIL AND COACH OFFICE_.
+
+
+                            FROM THIS OFFICE,
+
+                                DEPART ALL
+
+                        HER MAJESTY’S ROYAL MAILS,
+
+                       (_Except the Burnley Mail_);
+
+                         ALSO, A GREAT NUMBER OF
+
+                               FIRST-RATE,
+
+                        FAST, FOUR-HORSE COACHES:
+
+                              THUS AFFORDING
+
+                       OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRAVELLING
+
+                     By Superior Conveyances, to the
+
+                NORTH, INTO YORKSHIRE, AND TO ALL PARTS OF
+
+                               THE KINGDOM,
+
+                              ALMOST HOURLY.
+
+                                                           LACY AND ALLEN,
+                                                            _PROPRIETORS_.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+YORK HOTEL
+
+
+                                   AND
+
+                              FAMILY HOUSE,
+
+                               KING-STREET,
+
+                               MANCHESTER.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                                R. SWYER.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+TALBOT INN,
+
+
+                              MARKET-STREET,
+
+                               MANCHESTER,
+
+                            AN OLD ESTABLISHED
+
+                                  HOUSE.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                         [Picture: Coat of Arms]
+
+
+
+COMMERCIAL AND FAMILY HOUSE,
+KING’S ARMS
+HOTEL,
+
+
+                               JOHN ELTON,
+
+                         KING-STREET, MANCHESTER.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+MARY OGDEN,
+COMMERCIAL INN,
+
+
+                              MARKET-STREET,
+
+                         CORNER OF BROWN-STREET,
+
+                               MANCHESTER.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+BEE COFFEE ROOMS,
+
+
+                        UNDER THE LATE PALACE INN,
+
+                        MARKET-STREET, MANCHESTER.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+               THIS ESTABLISHMENT IS PECULIARLY ADAPTED FOR
+
+                        STRANGERS AND TRAVELLERS,
+
+                       FROM ITS CENTRAL SITUATION.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, Tea, And Supper,
+
+                      SUPPLIED ON A MINUTE’S NOTICE,
+
+                       AND AT VERY MODERATE PRICES.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+H. P. THATCHER,
+
+
+                     No. 19, King-street, Manchester,
+
+                         LADIES’ AND GENTLEMEN’S
+
+                         FASHIONABLE HAIR CUTTER
+
+                               AND DRESSER,
+
+                 DEPÔT FOR FOREIGN AND BRITISH PERFUMERY,
+
+        Inventor of the much admired Sicilian Cream for the Hair.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+  A good assortment of Hair, Tooth, Nail, and Clothes Brushes; Tortoise
+             shell, Ivory, and Horn Combs, in great variety.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+ST. GEORGE’S
+INDEPENDENT COACH
+AND
+GENERAL OMNIBUS OFFICE,
+
+
+                   (Opposite the End of Union-street,)
+
+                         HIGH-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                  Coaches to most Parts of the Kingdom.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+             Conveyance Company’s OMNIBUSES to the following
+                                 Places.
+
+  Wolverhampton—Stourbridge—Dudley—Walsall—Hagley—Bewdley—Kidderminster—
+        Brierley Hill—West Bromwich—Wednesbury—Bilston—Hales Owen.
+
+                                                       HENRY GENDERS & CO.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+SWAN HOTEL.
+
+
+                           THEODORE WAKEFIELD,
+
+                       ORIGINAL POSTING AND FAMILY
+
+                                  HOTEL,
+
+                         HIGH-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+T. W. begs to acquaint his Friends and the Public that his OMNIBUSES PLY
+at the London and Birmingham and Grand Junction Railway Stations
+constantly on the Arrival and Departure of the Trains.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+W. TATEHAM,
+
+
+                             32, TEMPLE-ROW,
+
+                     (Three Doors from Bull-street,)
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM,
+
+         BEGS TO CALL THE ATTENTION OF LADIES & GENTLEMEN TO HIS
+
+                                _IMPROVED_
+
+                                METHOD OF
+
+                              PERUKE MAKING,
+
+          And to state the superiority of his System to that of
+                           his Contemporaries.
+
+His PERUKES are so constructed as to fit the Head with the greatest
+Precision, and form exactly the natural angle on the Forehead, the
+Artificial Hair being completely carried off the Temples.  He defies the
+most proficient connoisseur to distinguish them from a perfectly natural
+head of hair.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+WILLIAM HORTON AND CO.,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURERS OF
+
+                      NEEDLES, PINS, AND FISHHOOKS,
+
+                        REDDITCH, WORCESTERSHIRE,
+
+                                   AND
+
+                    GREAT HAMPTON-STREET, BIRMINGHAM,
+
+      By special appointment to Her Majesty the Queen, and Her Royal
+                      Highness the Duchess of Kent.
+
+            SOLE INVENTORS OF THE CELEBRATED VICTORIA NEEDLE.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+H. AND J. GIBBS,
+
+
+                   Platers on Steel and German Silver,
+
+                             MANUFACTURERS OF
+
+                       METAL AND JAPANNED BUTTONS,
+
+          Cloak Clasps, Split Rings, Stay Holes, Fancy Gilt and
+                           Steel Toys, &c. &c.
+
+                        7, LITTLE CHARLES-STREET,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+I. SHERWOOD,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                    BRASS, COPPER, BLOCK TIN, AND IRON
+
+                             GAS PIPING, &c.
+
+                   _TENANT-STREET MILL_, _BIRMINGHAM_.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+            N.B. Locomotive Engine Pipes of superior Quality.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+ELIZ. STURGES AND SON,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURERS OF
+
+                       PLATINA, BRITISH PLATE, AND
+                          BRITANNIA METAL WARES,
+
+                                  IN THE
+
+              Greatest Variety of Form, Quality, and Price.
+
+The Platina Tea and Coffee Sets were invented and are made only by ELIZ.
+STURGES and SON, are warranted never to lose their original shape or
+colour, and are sold at about the same price as Britannia Metal Sets.
+
+                    26, LICHFIELD-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+ENGRAVING.
+
+
+                     ADDRESS CARDS, BANKERS’ CHECKS,
+                             AND BILL PLATES;
+
+          Seal Stones, Gold and Silver Plate, Engraved equal to
+
+                          _LONDON HOUSES_, _AT_
+
+                               C. COBURN’S,
+
+                         ENGRAVER AND STATIONER,
+
+                   9, Ann-street, (near the Town hall,)
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+BACCHUS & GREEN,
+
+
+                     PLAIN & CUT GLASS MANUFACTURERS,
+
+                            UNION GLASS WORKS,
+
+                              _BIRMINGHAM_.
+
+      WAREHOUSE,
+8, Tokenhouse Yard, LONDON.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+WILLIAM CHAMBERS DAY,
+
+
+                              IRON FOUNDER,
+                       SUFFOLK STREET, BIRMINGHAM,
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+Every Description of Weighing Machines, suitable for Railways, Road
+Wagons, Wharfs, Corn Dealers, Woolstaplers, Curriers, Grocers, &c.
+Scales, Scale Beams, Steelyards, Die Stocks, Screw Plates, Sugar Mills
+and Straw-cutting Engines on an improved Principle, Mill Castings, &c.
+
+              English and Foreign Weights in Iron or Brass.
+
+              MANUFACTURER OF THE PATENT DEEP COPPER SCALES.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+JOHN LAW,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                        PATENT TACK AND CUT NAILS,
+
+                          OF EVERY DESCRIPTION,
+
+                         PAD BOX AND TRUNK LOCKS,
+
+               Wrought Iron Hinges, Pressed Riveted Hinges,
+
+                     HEAVY OR WEIGHTY BULWARK HINGES,
+
+                 _HOOKS and HINGES_, _ROUNDS or WASHERS_,
+
+                                BRACKETS,
+
+                     CORNICE SLIDES, STAIR ROD EYES,
+
+                                   AND
+
+          Ironmongery of every Description suitable for Foreign
+                          and Home Consumption,
+
+                    47, COLESHILL-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+J. F. PARKER,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                           SILVER PLATED WARES,
+
+                       72, HIGH STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+   Candlesticks, Cruet and Liquor Frames, Tea Urns and Sets, Epergnes,
+                             Dishes, &c. &c.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+BIRMINGHAM COMMERCIAL AND PRIVATE
+BOARDING HOUSE,
+
+
+                                 NO. 12,
+
+                        Union Passage, New-street.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                           MR. AND MRS. JONES,
+
+Respectfully inform their Friends and the Public, that Ladies and
+Gentlemen visiting or passing through Birmingham, will meet with every
+attention and comfort at this Establishment, at very reasonable charges.
+The house is central and retired, and contiguous to the Post Office and
+Principal Coach Offices.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+EDWARD STUBS,
+
+
+                           WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
+
+                          MANUFACTURING FURRIER,
+
+                                DEALER IN
+
+                        TUSCAN AND STRAW BONNETS,
+
+                                 19 & 22,
+
+                         NEW-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+             Furs Cleaned, Repaired, and Altered, with every
+                 attention.—Bonnets Cleaned and Altered.
+
+                       OLD FURS TAKEN IN EXCHANGE.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+DAVID COPE & SON,
+
+
+               Nos. 7 & 8, BARTHOLOMEW-STREET, BIRMINGHAM,
+
+                             Manufacturers of
+
+                          Plated Spoons, Forks,
+
+                          SOUP AND PUNCH LADLES,
+
+               ASPARAGUS TONGS, DECANTER CORKS AND LABELS,
+
+          Sugar Tongs, Toast Racks, Knife Rests, Gilt and Plated
+                     Egg Spoons, Sugar Crushers, &c.
+
+                  BRITISH PLATE, SPOONS, FORKS, &c. &c.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+T. FLETCHER,
+
+
+                                   31,
+                              _TEMPLE ROW_,
+                               BIRMINGHAM,
+
+                  (_Nearly opposite DEE’S Royal Hotel_,)
+
+                         Has constantly on Sale,
+
+                           PIANO FORTES, HARPS,
+
+                            _GUITARS_, &c, &c.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+         Piano Fortes, Harps, &c. lent on Hire, Exchanged, Tuned,
+                              and Repaired.
+
+                       IMPORTER OF FOREIGN STRINGS.
+
+                                   ALL
+
+                                New Music
+
+                          AS SOON AS PUBLISHED.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+GEORGE MINES,
+
+
+                         STOCK AND SHARE BROKER,
+
+                                   78,
+                       Newhall-street, Birmingham,
+
+          Begs to inform the Public he has commenced Business as
+
+                         Stock and Share Broker,
+
+And from 13 Years’ experience he has had in every branch of the Business,
+he doubts not of giving perfect satisfaction to all who may favour him
+with their Instructions.
+
+*** He has a first rate Agency in _London_, _Liverpool_, &c., and has
+Daily Information of the state of all the Markets.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+TEMPERANCE ARMS
+
+
+                        54, DALE END, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                               JOB WILKINS,
+
+Through this medium, begs to acquaint the Public generally, especially
+Friends of Temperance Travelling, either on business or pleasure, they
+will find his Establishment comfortable and convenient, being between the
+Birmingham and London and Grand Junction Railway Stations and the
+principal Coach Offices, and within a few minutes’ walk of either.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+      Tea, Coffee, Chops, and Steaks, at any hour of the day, but no
+              Intoxicating Liquors allowed on the Premises.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+            WELL AIRED BEDS, PRIVATE ROOMS: CHARGES MODERATE.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                 _Cars for Hire_, _with Careful Drivers_.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+JOSEPH SHORE AND SONS,
+
+
+                         IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
+
+                        Foreign Wines and Spirits;
+
+                              11, Easy Row,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                         [Picture: Coat of Arms]
+
+
+
+JENNENS & BETTRIDGE,
+
+
+                       Japanners and Manufacturers
+
+                                    OF
+
+                            PAPIER MÂCHÉE, &c.
+
+                             TO HER MAJESTY,
+
+    (_And to their late Majesties_, _George and William the Fourth_,)
+
+                          99, CONSTITUTION HILL,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM,
+
+                                   AND
+
+                          3, HALKIN-STREET WEST,
+
+                         BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+            _THIS ESTABLISHMENT IS OPEN TO THE INSPECTION OF_
+                               _VISITERS_.
+
+N.B. Cards of Admission to the principal Manufacturing Establishments and
+Show Rooms in Birmingham, may be had of J. and B.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+SILVER TEA URN,
+
+
+                               9, DALE END,
+
+              And New Market Place, Belmont Row, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                         HENRY AND CHARLES GROVE,
+
+                             GENERAL GROCERS,
+
+          Tea Dealers, Coffee Roasters, Cheese & Butter Factors,
+
+                            TOBACCONISTS, &c.
+
+                         HOP AND SEED WAREHOUSE.
+                  Agents to the Durham Mustard Company.
+
+H. & C. GROVE embrace this opportunity of tendering their most grateful
+thanks to their Friends and the Public, for the very distinguished
+patronage their Establishments have been honoured with; and at the same
+time beg to observe, that all Orders entrusted to them will be executed
+under their own superintendence, and every effort exercised to strengthen
+that confidence already shown by the very flattering encouragement they
+have experienced.
+
+            N.B. Orders from the Country promptly attended to.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+SAMPSON ASTON,
+
+
+              NO. 1, JENNENS’ ROW, ST. BARTHOLOMEW’S SQUARE,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM,
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                           BOX AND IVORY RULES,
+
+              Routledge’s and Hawthorn’s Improved Locomotive
+                            ENGINEERS’ RULES,
+                  AND RULES OF EVERY OTHER DESCRIPTION.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+PUMP COMMERCIAL TAVERN,
+
+
+                        (OPPOSITE THE OLD CHURCH,)
+
+                          BULL RING, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                              THOMAS EVANS,
+
+              (Lately of Radenhurst’s Nelson Coach Office,)
+
+Having succeeded to the Business of his late Father-in-law, the
+Proprietor of the above Establishment, has made extensive arrangements of
+the House; particularly by considerably enlarging his Coffee Room, and
+making several new, and improving and refurnishing the former, Sitting
+Rooms, Bed Rooms, &c. &c. The result of these Improvements is, that T. E.
+is enabled to offer the accommodation of a Family Hotel on the most
+reasonable Terms. Visiters to Birmingham will find at this House all the
+convenience of their own residence, upon a scale of charges which must
+ensure their approval. Commercial Gentlemen also will find increased
+attention to their comforts.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+W. REED,
+
+
+               (From Hobson and Co.’s, Long Acre, London,)
+
+                              COACH BUILDER,
+                               BATH-STREET,
+
+                               Birmingham.
+
+Every description of Light Carriages, made on the most approved
+Principle, and in the most fashionable Style, constantly on Sale.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+LONDON COFFEE HOUSE,
+
+
+                            10, PHILIP-STREET,
+
+                       (Opposite the Market Hall,)
+
+                               Birmingham.
+
+DINNER commencing at One o’Clock, with a liberal Bill of Fare daily.
+
+            Private Rooms and Dinners on the shortest Notice.
+
+              London and Provincial Daily and Weekly Papers.
+
+                             WELL AIRED BEDS.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+DUDDESTON HALL
+LUNATIC ASYLUM,
+
+
+                             NEAR BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                                MR. LEWIS
+
+RESPECTFULLY informs the Public that he receives Patients, of either sex,
+labouring under mental or nervous diseases, into his Establishment, on
+terms which cannot fail to meet the approbation of persons desirous of
+placing their friends, who may be so circumstanced, in so comfortable and
+pleasing a retreat.
+
+The well known beauty and variety of the Gardens and Pleasure Grounds,
+and the entire adaptation of the House and Premises to the purposes of an
+Asylum, render an elaborate description unnecessary; suffice it to say,
+there is everything that can be desired of this nature.
+
+The Proprietor resides in and conducts the Establishment with properly
+qualified Assistants; the female department is under the superintendence
+of Mrs. and Miss LEWIS, who devote all their time to the health and
+comfort of the patients, and whose qualifications in this respect are
+well known in Birmingham and its neighbourhood.
+
+Dr. EVANS is the consulting Physician.  Mr. FREER and Mr. HEELEY,
+Surgeons, one of whom visits the Patients daily.
+
+The situation is extremely desirable, the Vauxhall Station of the Grand
+Junction Railway being at the Lodge Gates, and the Railway itself
+bounding the Premises.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+THE
+LONDON SILK WAREHOUSE,
+
+
+                         61, AND 62, BULL STREET,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM,
+
+                       PROPRIETOR, WILLIAM EDWARDS.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+TO LADIES VISITING BIRMINGHAM:—
+
+AT this House, (conducted upon the most equitable principles, and
+established for a long time with yearly increasing patronage,) the old
+system of trading is adopted; the price of each article being marked in
+plain figures, from which no deviation is ever allowed.
+
+Its claim upon the patronage of the Public, is the undeviating cheapness
+at which all articles, whether of British, Continental, or Eastern
+manufacture are offered to Purchasers.
+
+The Inhabitants of the neighbouring counties, who make their purchases in
+Birmingham, will at all times find a large and carefully chosen Stock of
+the most substantial, well-manufactured
+
+                           SILKS, SHAWLS, FURS,
+
+                    BLANKETS, FLANNELS, COUNTERPANES,
+
+                                 RIBBONS,
+
+                     GENUINE IRISH LINENS AND LAWNS.
+
+Where purchases are made by Gentlemen, or other Persons, for Friends in
+the country, which fail to give satisfaction, the money is invariably
+returned, excepting where an article is lessened in value, by being
+separated from the piece.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+HENRY GROVE,
+
+
+                     (IMPORTER OF WINES AND SPIRITS,)
+
+                         VICTORIA COMMERCIAL INN,
+
+                            NEW MARKET PLACE,
+
+                               BELMONT ROW,
+
+                               Birmingham.
+
+           (Within Two Minutes’ Walk of both Railway Stations.)
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The airy situation of the above Inn, and its proximity to the Grand
+Junction and London and Birmingham Railway Companies’ Offices, render it
+most eligible for Commercial Gentlemen and others, and will be found to
+possess the two important requisites of Comfort and Economy combined.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                             Well Aired Beds.
+
+                          _EXCELLENT STABLING_,
+
+N.B. OMNIBUSES to and from the principal Coach Offices, where places may
+be secured by fast and well regulated Coaches to any part of the Kingdom.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+CHARLES BROOKES,
+
+
+                        WOOLLEN DRAPER AND TAILOR,
+
+                             81, NEW-STREET,
+
+                  (Nearly opposite the Society of Arts,)
+
+                               Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                             H. MICHAEL & CO.
+
+                              MANUFACTURING
+
+                       FURRIERS AND SKIN MERCHANTS,
+
+                             115, NEW-STREET,
+
+                    Corner of King-street, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+N.B. Furs of all descriptions Cleaned, Repaired, and Altered to the
+present Fashion.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+WAGNER & COTTRELL,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURERS OF
+
+                         PORTABLE WRITING DESKS,
+
+Ladies’ Toilet and Gentlemen’s Dressing Cases, Mahogany, Rosewood, or
+Russia Leather Travelling Cases, Medicine Chests, Copying Machines, and
+every article in the Cabinet Case Business.
+
+                          21, _PARADISE-STREET_,
+
+                               Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                         [Picture: Coat of Arms]
+
+                         By Special Appointment.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+T. J. MORRIS,
+
+
+                           REPOSITORY OF ARTS,
+
+                         COLMORE ROW, BIRMINGHAM,
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                    Superfine Water Colours in Cakes,
+
+                                   AND
+
+                            FINE HAIR PENCILS,
+
+           In Ordinary to Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen,
+                      Her Majesty the Queen Dowager,
+                                 and the
+                             Duke of Sussex.
+
+                 LONDON, and 28, Colmore Row, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Circulating Port Folios, consisting of the choicest Drawings, Flowers by
+Holland and Edwards, Pole and Hand Screens, Card Racks, Gold Papers and
+Borders, Screen Handles, White Wood-work for Painting, Ivory and British
+Boards, and Fancy Stationery.
+
+                   Papier Machee of every description.
+
+Materials for Chinese Japan Painting, Hollands and Harding’s Colours,
+Brookman and Langdon’s, and Banks’ Lead Pencils, Drawing Materials,
+Varnishing in a Superior Style, Ivories for Miniatures, Prepared Canvass
+and Bladder Colours.
+
+              MORDAN’S EVER-POINTED PENCILS AND PEN HOLDERS.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+R. SIMS,
+
+
+            (TEN YEARS ASSISTANT TO MR. ENGLISH, COLMORE ROW,)
+
+                             SURGEON DENTIST,
+
+                                 NO. 13,
+
+                      _UNION PASSAGE_, _NEW-STREET_,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM,
+
+Returns his sincere acknowledgments to the Inhabitants of Birmingham and
+its vicinity, for the liberal support that has been conferred upon him
+since his commencing Practice, and trusts that his having had Ten Years’
+experience with Mr. English, during which he had nearly the whole of the
+Mechanical Department entrusted to his care, will still entitle him to
+that support and patronage which has hitherto been awarded to him.
+
+In consequence of some unskilful pretenders having put themselves forward
+to public notice as adepts in the above art, he thinks it necessary to
+state that he never ties in teeth, which is the most that these
+pretenders can ever accomplish; his superior Gold Plates never in any
+instance require the painful and most injurious operation of tying in;
+and he assures them they will wear more years than the spurious bone
+teeth, which they put forth to the public, will last months, at a less
+charge, and with greater comfort to the wearer.
+
+                                FEES.
+                     £   _s._   _d._                   £   _s._   _d._
+A Single Tooth       0     10      0  usually          1      1      0
+                                      charged
+A Complete Set      10      0      0  usually         20      0      0
+                                      charged
+
+Teeth stopped with Cement or Gold according to the cavity. Extracting,
+Scaling, and every other operation upon the Teeth; and particular
+attention paid to the regulation of Children’s Teeth upon equally
+moderate charges.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+TO NOBLEMEN, GENTLEMEN, SPORTSMEN, AND
+GUN-MAKERS.
+
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                                S. WALKER,
+
+              Military Percussion Cap Maker to Her Majesty’s
+                      Honourable Board of Ordnance,
+
+Begs most respectfully to inform her numerous Friends, and the Public
+generally, that she has dissolved Partnership with her Son, and that she
+will continue to carry on the Percussion Cap Business in all its
+Branches.
+
+S. WALKER’S Caps have been known and approved of by the Sporting World
+for more than sixteen Years, and she can with confidence assure them
+every exertion shall be made, this seventeenth Season, to render them
+still superior to any yet manufactured.
+
+Sold in Boxes of 250 and 500 each, by most of the respectable Gun-makers
+and Gunpowder Dealers throughout the Kingdom.
+
+                     CHEMICALLY PREPARED GUN WADDING,
+
+                 Manufactured upon an Improved Principle,
+
+                              BY S. WALKER.
+
+This Wadding will be found superior to any now in use, as it not only
+cleans the barrel, every time it is used, but, through the Chemical
+Properties of the oily Composition with which it is impregnated, the lead
+is removed as quickly as deposited.
+
+Sold in Bags, containing 500 each, price 5s., by all respectable Gun
+Makers in the United Kingdom; where also may be had S. Walker’s Improved
+Anti-Corrosive Percussion Caps.
+
+                               MANUFACTORY,
+                    No. 12, Legge-street, Birmingham.
+
+Agents for Edinburgh—J. & R. Raines, Leith-Walk.
+
+Agents for Dublin—J. H. and J. Perry, 27, Pill-lane; and Messrs. Saunders
+and Gatchells, Gunpowder Office, 6 and 7, Mountrath-street, Dublin.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+ABRAHAM ALLPORT,
+
+
+                       WOOLLEN DRAPER, TAILOR, &c.
+
+                       2, COLMORE ROW, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Clothes of every description made in the first style of Fashion on the
+most reasonable Terms, and at the shortest Notice.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+WILLIAM JACKSON & CO.,
+
+
+                  GLASS, LEAD, ZINC, AND OIL MERCHANTS,
+
+                             MANUFACTURERS OF
+
+                      _COLOURS_, _VARNISHES_, _&c._
+
+         Sheet Lead, Pig Lead, Lead Pipe, Block Tin, White Lead,
+            Dry Colours, Oil Paints, Linseed Oil, Boiled Oil,
+                 Tin Pipe, Turpentine, Putty, Sheet Zinc,
+                             Glaziers’ Vices,
+
+                         MANUFACTURED ZINC GOODS,
+
+     Beer Machines, Water Closets, Lift Pumps, Brass Cocks, and every
+                   Description of Plumbers’ Brass Work.
+
+           WAREHOUSE, NO. 1, LITTLE CHARLES-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+               VARNISH, COLOUR, AND ZINC WORKS, AT ASHTED.
+
+N.B. Sole Agents for the Whiston Copper Company. (Messrs. Sneyd,
+Kinnersley & Co.)
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+HATS.
+
+
+                             75, HIGH-STREET.
+
+                                   GOOD
+
+                          FASHIONABLE GOSSAMERS
+                           At 4s. 9d. to 10s.;
+                       SUPERFINE SHORT-NAP STUFFS,
+                       Best that can be made, 21s.;
+
+                               TO BE HAD AT
+                                 WALKER’S
+                             CHEAP HAT DEPÔT.
+
+Also a large assortment of Fashionable CAPS and GRASS HATS for Summer
+wear.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+JAMES GRUNDY,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                    GAS & OIL LAMPS, CHANDELIERS, &c.
+
+                           IN BRONZE & OR-MOLU.
+
+                    GAS FITTINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
+
+                       No. 11, BARTHOLOMEW-STREET,
+
+                              _BIRMINGHAM_.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+JOHN GODFREY,
+
+
+                    WORKING OPTICIAN, SILVERSMITH. &c.
+                        NO. 93, COLESHILL-STREET,
+
+Begs most respectfully to announce to the Nobility, Gentry, and
+Inhabitants of Birmingham and its Vicinity, that he has, in addition to
+his Wholesale Establishment, opened a Retail Shop as above, for the
+purpose of supplying those who may in any way suffer from a defect of
+sight, with spectacles suited to their various wants. Having been
+practically engaged in the above business for more than forty years, he
+trusts that his great experience will enable him to render all the
+assistance required, so far as glasses, judiciously applied, are capable
+of affording it.
+
+Spectacles with shades of every description, particularly recommended to
+persons travelling, or those who are affected with a weakness in the eye,
+as they completely defend that tender organ from the bright glare of the
+sun, and are extremely useful either in windy or snowy weather.
+
+Spectacles in tortoiseshell, silver, or blued steel mountings, set with
+either best Brazilian pebbles, or glasses accurately ground.
+
+                Optical Instruments of every Description.
+
+Spectacles of every description expeditiously and neatly repaired.
+Pebbles or Glasses set in a few minutes.
+
+                Every Article supplied on Moderate Terms.
+
+J. G. hopes that the quality of the various articles supplied by him,
+will, upon a fair trial, ensure him the patronage and support of those
+who may honour him with their commands.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+CAPTAIN HOSKINS,
+
+
+                               IMPORTER OF
+
+                        FOREIGN WINES AND SPIRITS,
+
+                           LOWER TEMPLE-STREET,
+
+                         (Corner of New-street,)
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                          IMPORTER OF LIQUEURS.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+TEETH.
+
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                              MR. E. JONES,
+
+                                 DENTIST,
+
+                       NO. 9, EASY ROW, BIRMINGHAM,
+
+       Six Years Assistant with Mr. ANDREW CLARK, of Brook-street,
+                           Bond-street, London,
+
+Begs to say he will continue to supply ARTIFICIAL TEETH upon the same
+principle as Mr. A. Clark, and the only one that will ensure ease,
+articulation, and mastication.
+
+E. G., having undertaken several cases that had been refused by other
+Dentists as impracticable, can give the most satisfactory References as
+to the beneficial results of his Practice.
+
+                            EVERY OPERATION IN
+
+                             DENTAL SURGERY,
+
+                  Performed on the most moderate Terms.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+PERMANENT ELASTIC SPRING HYGEIAN BEDS,
+CARRIAGE, GIG, SOFA, AND CHAIR SEATS,
+
+
+          Patronised by Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                             RICHARD FARMER,
+                              Manufacturer,
+
+With the greatest deference submits to the attention of his Friends and
+the Public the subjoined Documents, as flattering Testimonies of the high
+estimation in which the above very superior and much approved Articles
+are held:—
+
+_From_ SIR JOHN CONROY, _Secretary to_ HER ROYAL HIGHNESS
+
+                           THE DUCHESS OF KENT.
+
+    “Sir John Conroy is honoured with the DUCHESS OF KENT’S command to
+    acquaint Mr. Farmer, that he has permission to use Her Royal
+    Highness’s Name and Arms, as Manufacturer of Permanent Elastic Spring
+    Hygeian Beds to Her Royal Highness.
+
+    “Malvern, Sept. 13, 1830.”
+
+    “Sir John Conroy is to acknowledge the receipt of the Bed and
+    Mattress of Mr. R. Farmer’s invention, which he has made for the
+    PRINCESS VICTORIA; and Sir John is commanded by the DUCHESS OF KENT
+    to express Her Royal Highness’s highest approval of the principle of
+    his Mattresses, Cushions, &c.
+
+    “Kensington Palace, Dec. 17, 1830.
+
+    “_Mr. Richard Farmer_, _&c. &c._”
+
+_From_ CONGREVE SELWYN, Esq. _Surgeon of the Ledbury Dispensary_.
+
+    “Mr. CONGREVE SELWYN, Surgeon of the Ledbury Dispensary, begs to
+    offer his Testimony of the value of Mr. Farmer’s invention of his
+    Elastic Mattresses and Cushions. The one he has sent to Mr. Selwyn
+    answers all the purposes for an Invalid, and is particularly
+    serviceable where the patient suffers from hectic fever and night
+    perspirations.
+
+    “Ledbury, May 2, 1834.
+
+    “_Mr. Richard Farmer_, _&c. &c._”
+
+                    _From_ SIR WILLIAM B. CAVE, Bart.
+
+                                     “Stretton, Atherstone, July 22, 1835.
+
+    “Sir WM. B. CAVE has much satisfaction in informing Mr. Richard
+    Farmer, that the Elastic Steel Spring Bed which he purchased from Mr.
+    F. has fully answered every expectation he had formed of it. Sir. W.
+    C. lay upon it for five months without ever being able to be moved in
+    the least from it, and for the last six months has not been removed
+    from it for more than two hours at a time, and it is now as perfect
+    in the elasticity and strength of the springs as when he received it
+    from Mr. Farmer. Sir W. Cave’s weight is sixteen stone and upwards.
+    Dr. Palmer, of Birmingham, who has been in the habit of attending Sir
+    W. Cave for many years, gave it as his opinion, that had he been
+    lying on a bed of any other description, the consequences would have
+    been very serious.
+
+    “_Mr. Richard Farmer_, _&c. &c._”
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Carpets, Paper Hangings, Oil-Cloths, Druggets, Crumb Cloths,
+Double-stoved Feathers, &c. &c.—Upholstery and General Cabinet Business.
+
+→ 11, NEW-STREET, (opposite the Hen & Chickens Hotel,) and 30, BATH ROW,
+BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+GEORGE RICHMOND COLLIS,
+
+
+                _Late Sir EDWARD THOMASON’S Manufactory_,
+
+                        CHURCH-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+Manufacturer of Articles in the highest classes of the Arts, in Gold,
+Silver, Plated, Bronze, and Or-Molu. In this Establishment is
+manufactured Gold and Silver Plate, including Racing Cups, Dinner and Tea
+Services, of various Patterns: COMMUNION PLATE and PRESENTATION PLATE,
+made to descriptions given, or if required, a variety of elegant Designs
+furnished for approval: Silver-mounted Plated Wares of every
+denomination; Plated Cutlery upon Steel: Cut Glass, Or-Molu, Candelabra
+and Lamps: Manufacturer of Medals in great variety adapted for Societies
+and Institutions. Amongst the numerous series of Dies are the celebrated
+Dassier Dies of the Kings of England: The Mudie Dies for the series of
+grand National Medals, commemorative of the Victories of the late War:
+Forty-eight Dies for Medals of the ELGIN Marbles. Also SIR EDWARD
+THOMASON’S Splendid Series of One Hundred and Twenty large Medal Dies
+Illustrative of the HOLY SCRIPTURES, and a series of sixteen Medals upon
+Science and Philosophy, for Societies: Livery Button Dies cut, and the
+Buttons made. Numerous Patent Mechanical Inventions in the Metals, and
+Papier Machee: Brass and Bronze Staircases: manufacturer of fine Gold
+Jewellery of the most splendid descriptions: Dealer in Diamonds, Pearls,
+and fine Gems: Diamond Suits made to order, and altered to the present
+Style, or if required, purchased, and payment, full value, in cash:
+English and Foreign Money exchanged; Old Gold and Silver Articles
+reworked as new, or purchased. Manufacturer of Sportsmen’s fine Fowling
+Pieces upon an improved principle. Duelling Pistols, Rifles, Air Guns and
+Canes, and Guns of every variety for Exportation.
+
+These extensive Show Rooms and MANUFACTORY, are situate in CHURCH-STREET,
+in the centre of the Town, adjoining St. Philip’s Church Yard. The Ware
+Rooms contain the Finished Articles for sale, and are open to all persons
+of respectability.
+
+The FAC-SIMILE of the celebrated WARWICK VASE, of upwards of 21 feet in
+circumference, was made in metallic Bronze at this Manufactory. The
+Copper Bronze STATUE OF HIS LATE MAJESTY, GEORGE THE FOURTH, upwards of 6
+feet in height, was modelled, cast, and sculptured at this Establishment:
+as also a SHIELD in honour of the DUKE OF WELLINGTON’S VICTORIES. These
+and numerous other Works are stationed in separate Rooms to exhibit the
+progress of British Art.
+
+Servants are appointed to conduct Visiters over the different Workshops,
+to whom and to the Work-people the Visiter is requested to abstain from
+giving any gratuity.
+
+N.B. Mr. George Richmond Collis is Vice Consul for France, Russia, Spain,
+Portugal, and Turkey, with the privilege of granting Passports to Persons
+visiting France and its Dominions.
+
+Strangers of Respectability are permitted to view the Show Rooms and
+Manufactory.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+THOMAS & JAMES UPFILL,
+
+
+                        IRON AND STEEL MERCHANTS,
+
+                        157, GREAT CHARLES-STREET,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                             MANUFACTURERS OF
+
+                          WROUGHT AND CAST IRON
+
+                           GATES, PARK FENCING,
+
+                                _HURDLES_,
+
+                    INVISIBLE WIRE FENCE, HAIR FENCE,
+
+                         RACKS, MANGERS, CHAINS,
+
+                       NAILS, BOOK CASES, TIN, IRON
+                                ARMS, &c.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+THORNTON AND SON,
+WHOLESALE IRONMONGERS,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURERS OF
+
+                     WROUGHT IRON AND PRESSED RIVETED
+                                 HINGES,
+
+                                CUT NAILS,
+
+Wood, Bed, and Machinery Screws, of every description; Iron Rim and
+Mortice Locks, Sash Pulleys, Iron Bolts, Cast Butt Hinges, Norfolk and
+Thumb Latches, &c. &c.
+
+                     _BRADFORD-STREET_, _BIRMINGHAM_.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+→ Redman’s Patent Rising Joint and Swing Hinges, Trough and Centre Hinges
+of every kind.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+F. KNIBB’S
+
+
+                                COMMERCIAL
+
+                         BOARDING ESTABLISHMENT,
+
+                             15, BOLD-STREET,
+
+                (Two Doors above the Palatine Club House,)
+
+                                LIVERPOOL.
+
+The situation is central, and without exception the pleasantest of any
+establishment of the kind in Liverpool. The rooms are large and airy, and
+no attention will be spared to render this establishment deserving the
+patronage of Commercial Gentlemen and Families.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+W. FLETCHER,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                         _LAMPS_, _CANDLESTICKS_,
+
+                        LUSTRES, INKSTANDS, VASES,
+
+            And all kinds of Ornaments in Bronze and Or-molu,
+
+                                   31,
+
+                       LOVEDAY-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+Manufacturer of Japanned Wood and Papier Maché Cruet, Liquor, and Pickle
+Frames; Papier Maché and Metallic Miniature Frames, &c.
+
+AGENT IN LONDON—C. JEPSON, 29, Thavies Inn, Lower Holborn.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+NOW READY, PART I.
+
+
+     (_To be completed in two Parts_, _demy_ 12_mo._, _price_ 17_s._)
+
+                                   THE
+                             LAW AND PRACTICE
+                               RELATING TO
+                          LANDLORDS AND TENANTS:
+                                COMPRISING
+
+The most approved modern Precedents, alphabetically arranged under
+distinct and separate heads, with Notes, Illustrations, and Cases; to
+which is prefixed a concise Treatise on the nature of Estates in general,
+in accordance with the recent statutes relating to real property. The
+whole adapted for the use of attorneys and solicitors; also landlords,
+tenants, farmers, stewards, agents, and others concerned in the
+management, sale, or letting of estates. BY R. SHIPMAN, Esq., Editor of
+“Jones’s Attorney’s Pocket Book,” and Author of the “Attorney’s New
+Pocket Book, Notary’s Manual, and Conveyancer’s Assistant.”
+
+London: S. SWEET, 3, Chancery Lane; and J. DRAKE, 52, New-street,
+Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                    Also Ready, royal 12mo, price 7s.
+
+                             A STEPPING STONE
+                                  TO THE
+                          LAW OF REAL PROPERTY:
+                                 BEING AN
+               Elementary Treatise on the Statute of Uses.
+
+                            By HENRY SMYTHIES.
+
+London: S. SWEET, 3, Chancery Lane; and J. DRAKE, 52, New-street,
+Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                 SHORTLY WILL BE PUBLISHED, BY J. DRAKE,
+
+      _And sold by the Agents for this Work_, _and all Booksellers_,
+ Dedicated by Permission to the Chairman and Directors of the London and
+                           Birmingham Railway,
+
+                            DRAKE’S ROAD BOOK,
+
+                                  OF THE
+
+                      LONDON AND BIRMINGHAM RAILWAY,
+
+With _Views on the Line_, from Drawings by HENRY HARRIS; and a new and
+beautifully engraved coloured MAP of the entire Route, extending many
+miles on each side of the line.
+
+*** To be completed in about five Parts, at 1_s._ per Part; a few copies
+on India Paper at 1_s._ 6_d._ per Part.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                             JUST PUBLISHED,
+
+                                 DRAKE’S
+                              RAILROAD MAPS
+                       OF THE ENTIRE LINE OF ROUTE
+                                   FROM
+                         LONDON TO LIVERPOOL AND
+                               MANCHESTER,
+
+                    BEAUTIFULLY ENGRAVED AND COLOURED,
+
+            AND EXTENDING MANY MILES ON EACH SIDE OF THE LINE:
+
+Ornamented with views of the Euston Grove Station, in London, and a
+complete Train of Carriages. With the Rules, Regulations, Fares, Times of
+Outset and Arrival of the Trains at the various Stations; together with
+all requisite Information for Travellers.
+
+         _Price_, _on Canvass_, _in a Case for the Pocket_, 2_s._
+
+*** The Maps of the London and Birmingham and Grand Junction Railways
+sold separately, done up in a similar manner, at 1_s._ 6_d._ each. On a
+sheet, Coloured, 9_d._—Plain, 6_d._ each.
+
+    “MR. DRAKE, of New-street, has just published in a neat pocket case,
+    two well-engraved and coloured Maps of the London and Birmingham and
+    Grand Junction Railways.  Each Map describes not only the course of
+    the line and a section of its gradients, but the geographical
+    position of various places for many miles on either side.  There are
+    also annexed complete tables of fares and distances, the rules to be
+    observed by travellers, the modes of conveyance to and from the
+    hotels and inns to the stations on the line, with the regulations for
+    luggage, merchandise, &c.  These maps and accompanying tables
+    comprise much information in a small compass, which the railway
+    traveller will have frequent opportunities, on his journey, of making
+    a practical use of, and turning to good account.”—_Midland Counties’
+    Herald_.
+
+    “MR. DRAKE has just published Maps of the Grand Junction and of the
+    London and Birmingham Railways, together with tables of distances,
+    fares, and regulations. The Maps are done up in a case for the
+    pocket, and will be found very portable as well as
+    instructive.”—_Birmingham Journal_.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+PRINTING OFFICE,
+
+
+                      LAW STATIONERY, ACCOUNT BOOK,
+                           AND PAPER WAREHOUSE,
+
+                                   52,
+                   NEW-STREET, (OPPOSITE THE THEATRE,)
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                               JAMES DRAKE,
+               _LAW BOOKSELLER_, _STATIONER_, _AND BINDER_,
+
+Takes this opportunity of presenting his grateful acknowledgments to the
+Profession for their liberal support of his Establishment, and at the
+same time he begs to assure them, that every article sold by him will be
+found of superior quality and at reasonable prices, and will, he hopes,
+induce a continuance of their esteemed favours.
+
+J. D. takes this opportunity of calling the attention of the Profession
+to his LAW STATIONERY BUSINESS, established more than twenty years, and
+which is conducted by himself and competent assistants.
+
+
+DEEDS AND WRITINGS
+
+
+                Neatly and carefully Engrossed and Copied.
+
+              DRAFTS DRAWN, AND TITLES CAREFULLY ABSTRACTED,
+
+                        (FOR THE PROFESSION ONLY).
+
+        Books Plainly and Elegantly Bound by Experienced Workmen.
+                                LAW BOOKS,
+
+   All the New Works kept in stock, or ordered on the shortest Notice,
+               on the same terms of DISCOUNT as in London.
+
+                          LAW REPORTS SUPPLIED.
+
+                        BANKRUPTCY & OTHER FORMS,
+                             WRITS, NOTICES,
+
+       FORMS under the new Act for the abolishing Imprisonment for
+         Debt; also for Justices of the Peace, Highway Act Forms,
+                   Election Forms, &c., kept in Stock.
+
+         *** _Orders from the Country executed with promptness_.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+           BIRMINGHAM: Printed by James Drake, 52, New-street.
+
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DRAKE'S ROAD BOOK OF THE GRAND
+JUNCTION RAILWAY***
+
+
+******* This file should be named 43367-0.txt or 43367-0.zip *******
+
+
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/3/3/6/43367
+
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at
+  www.gutenberg.org/license.
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at 809
+North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887.  Email
+contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the
+Foundation's web site and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit:  www.gutenberg.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For forty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/43367-0.zip b/43367-0.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f1b3d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-0.zip
diff --git a/43367-h.zip b/43367-h.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90234d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h.zip
diff --git a/43367-h/43367-h.htm b/43367-h/43367-h.htm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f77301c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/43367-h.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,13734 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html
+     PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII" />
+<title>Drake's Road Book of the Grand Junction Railway, by James Drake</title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+/*<![CDATA[  XML blockout */
+<!--
+    P {  margin-top: .75em;
+         margin-bottom: .75em;
+         }
+    P.gutsumm { margin-left: 5%;}
+    P.poetry {margin-left: 3%; }
+    .GutSmall { font-size: 0.7em; }
+    H1, H2 {
+         text-align: center;
+		margin-top: 2em;
+		margin-bottom: 2em;
+         }
+    H3, H4, H5 {
+	text-align: center;
+	margin-top: 1em;
+	margin-bottom: 1em;
+	}
+    BODY{margin-left: 10%;
+         margin-right: 10%;
+        }
+ table { border-collapse: collapse; }
+table {margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;}
+    td { vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid black;}
+    td p { margin: 0.2em; }
+    .blkquot  {margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em;} /* block indent */
+
+    .smcap    {font-variant: small-caps;}
+
+    .pagenum {position: absolute;
+               left: 92%;
+               font-size: small;
+               text-align: right;
+		font-weight: normal;
+               color: gray;
+               }
+    img { border: none; }
+    img.dc { float: left; width: 50px; height: 50px; }
+    p.gutindent { margin-left: 2em; }
+    div.gapspace { height: 0.8em; }
+    div.gapline { height: 0.8em; width: 100%; border-top: 1px solid;} 
+    div.gapmediumline { height: 0.3em; width: 40%; margin-left:30%;
+                  border-top: 1px solid; }
+    div.gapmediumdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 40%; margin-left:30%;
+		  border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;}
+     div.gapshortdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 20%;
+                  margin-left: 40%; border-top: 1px solid;
+                  border-bottom: 1px solid; }
+    div.gapdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 50%;
+                  margin-left: 25%; border-top: 1px solid;
+                  border-bottom: 1px solid;}
+    div.gapshortline { height: 0.3em; width: 20%; margin-left:40%;
+		  border-top: 1px solid; }
+    .citation {vertical-align: super;
+               font-size: .8em;
+               text-decoration: none;}
+    img.floatleft { float: left;
+			margin-right: 1em;
+			margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
+    img.floatright { float: right;
+			margin-left: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em;
+			margin-bottom: 0.5em; }
+    img.clearcenter {display: block;
+			margin-left: auto;
+			margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0.5em;
+			margin-bottom: 0.5em}
+    -->
+    /* XML end  ]]>*/
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg eBook, Drake's Road Book of the Grand Junction
+Railway, by James Drake
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: Drake's Road Book of the Grand Junction Railway
+       from Birmingham to Liverpool and Manchester
+
+
+Author: James Drake
+
+
+
+Release Date: July 31, 2013  [eBook #43367]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DRAKE'S ROAD BOOK OF THE GRAND
+JUNCTION RAILWAY***
+</pre>
+<p>This ebook was transcribed by Les Bowler.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/fp.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Vauxhall Station, Grand Junction Railway, Vauxhall, Birmingham"
+title=
+"Vauxhall Station, Grand Junction Railway, Vauxhall, Birmingham"
+src="images/fp.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DEDICATED BY
+PERMISSION TO THE CHAIRMAN AND DIRECTORS OF THE</span><br />
+<span class="GutSmall">GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h1><span class="GutSmall">DRAKE&rsquo;S</span><br />
+ROAD BOOK<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">OF THE</span><br />
+GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY</h1>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">FROM</span><br />
+<span class="GutSmall">BIRMINGHAM TO LIVERPOOL AND
+MANCHESTER,</span><br />
+<span class="GutSmall">ILLUSTRATED BY AN</span><br />
+<span class="GutSmall">ACCURATE MAP, AND NUMEROUS
+ENGRAVINGS:</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">To which is appended</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">THE VISITER&rsquo;S GUIDE<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">TO</span><br />
+<span class="GutSmall">BIRMINGHAM, LIVERPOOL, AND
+MANCHESTER.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><a name="pageiii"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. iii</span><span class="GutSmall">TO
+THE</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">CHAIRMAN AND DIRECTORS</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">OF
+THE</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">THIS</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Second Edition</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">THE ROAD BOOK,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">IS,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">BY
+PERMISSION, RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">BY
+THE</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: right">AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER.</p>
+<h2><a name="pagev"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+v</span>ADVERTISEMENT<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">TO THE</span><br />
+SECOND EDITION.</h2>
+<p><span class="smcap">The</span> courteous reception given to
+the First Edition of the Grand Junction Road Book, and the
+substantial proofs of approbation which a rapid sale has
+afforded, render it a duty as proper as it is pleasant, for the
+Author and Publisher to return their joint thanks for the liberal
+patronage already bestowed on their work; and to engage a
+continuance of the same, by their assurances that in the present
+edition every possible improvement has been carefully effected in
+its various departments.&nbsp; Spirited wood and steel engravings
+<a name="citationv"></a><a href="#footnotev"
+class="citation">[v]</a> of the most important spots on the line
+have been introduced, and much new and interesting matter
+supplied.&nbsp; The whole of the information concerning fares,
+regulations, stations, <a name="pagevi"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. vi</span>and accommodation in towns on the
+route, has been recast, corrected, and enlarged; and a brief but
+comprehensive directory added, under the head of &ldquo;<span
+class="smcap">Visiter&rsquo;s Guide</span>,&rdquo; page 97,
+containing lists of public buildings; institutions of all kinds;
+places of worship of all denominations, with names of the
+officiating ministers; principal show rooms and manufactories;
+times of arrival and departure of mails at the post office;
+hackney coach fares; bankers, inns, boarding houses, omnibus
+offices, newspapers, canal conveyances, waggon warehouses,
+packets, &amp;c., &amp;c., for Birmingham, Manchester, and
+Liverpool.&nbsp; The exceeding utility of this new division of
+the volume will be obvious to every one.&nbsp; The Map has also
+been revised, and greatly improved; and the &ldquo;<span
+class="smcap">Grand Junction Road Book</span>&rdquo; again makes
+its bow to the public, in full expectation that its old fame and
+new merits will be rightly appreciated.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p><i>Birmingham</i>, <i>September</i> 1, 1838.</p>
+<h2><a name="pagevii"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+vii</span>SONNET<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">BY WORDSWORTH,</span><br />
+<span class="GutSmall">ON</span><br />
+STEAM BOATS, VIADUCTS, AND RAILWAYS.</h2>
+<blockquote><p><span class="smcap">Motions</span> and means, on
+land and sea at war<br />
+With old poetic feeling; not for this,<br />
+Shall ye, by Poets even, be judged amiss!<br />
+Nor shall your presence, howsoe&rsquo;er it mar<br />
+The loveliness of nature, prove a bar<br />
+To the mind&rsquo;s gaining that prophetic sense<br />
+Of future change that point of vision, whence<br />
+May be discover&rsquo;d what in soul ye are.<br />
+In spite of all that beauty may disown<br />
+In your harsh features, Nature doth embrace<br />
+Her lawful offspring in Man&rsquo;s art; and Time,<br />
+Pleased with your triumphs o&rsquo;er his brother Space,<br />
+Accepts from your bold hands the proffer&rsquo;d crown<br />
+Of hope, and smiles on you with cheer sublime.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/mapb.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Map of the route of the Grand Junction Railway"
+title=
+"Map of the route of the Grand Junction Railway"
+src="images/maps.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<h2><a name="page1"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 1</span>CHAPTER
+I.<br />
+BIRMINGHAM.</h2>
+<p
+class="gutsumm">NAME&mdash;HISTORY&mdash;MANUFACTURES&mdash;PUBLIC
+BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS, &amp;c., &amp;c.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Our</span> native town of <span
+class="smcap">Birmingham</span>, of whose celebrity and
+importance we are justly proud, demands our first attention in
+this our Itinerary; although the numerous publications which give
+more circumstantial particulars respecting it than the brief
+limits of the present work will admit, render it an unnecessary
+task here to occupy many pages with our notice.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>In our after topography and history of towns on the
+&ldquo;Grand Junction&rdquo; line, we shall have occasion to
+allude to their several claims to the honours of &ldquo;hoar
+antiquity;&rdquo; but none it would appear can boast of more
+remote fame than our own brave old town of Birmingham, or, as it
+has been variously written, <i>Bromycham</i>, <i>Bremecham</i>,
+<i>Bermyngham</i>, and <i>Bromnsycham</i>, the etymology of which
+terms have served to puzzle the learned in such lore for years
+gone by, and will do for years to come.&nbsp; What never can be
+positively settled, always proves a most fascinating subject for
+argument.&nbsp; Mr. Hutton, the antiquary, imagines the
+derivation to <a name="page2"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+2</span>be this: <i>wich</i>, or <i>wick</i>, being used to
+signify a town or village, and <i>brom</i>, from the <i>broom</i>
+growing in the vicinity.&nbsp; But we must leave the subject for
+more voluminous writers.&nbsp; The late Mr. Hamper, our especial
+antiquary, traced the orthography through no less than <i>one
+hundred and forty</i> variations.&nbsp; In proof of Birmingham
+being a place of no very recent creation, the prodigious
+accumulation of scoria produced by the smelting of iron, at Aston
+furnace, may be referred to; as also the great number of
+exhausted coal mines, on a large common within a few miles,
+called Wednesbury Old Field.&nbsp; Both these must have been the
+work of many centuries, as is proved by the fact, that in the
+former, the mass of scoria has not perceptibly increased within
+the memory of that remarkable individual, &ldquo;the oldest
+inhabitant,&rdquo; though constantly receiving additions.&nbsp;
+It appears that the Britons were acquainted with the use and
+manufacture of iron previously to the Roman conquest, as they are
+described with chariots armed with scythes.&nbsp; It requires no
+very great stretch of imagination to suppose Birmingham (the
+<i>Bremenium</i> of the Romans) to have been a chief station for
+the fabrication of such weapons.&nbsp; In Doomsday Book,
+&ldquo;<i>Bermengeham</i>&rdquo; is noticed; and the manor and
+lordship were held by the De Birmingham family and their
+ancestors, during the reigns from Henry I. to Henry VIII., when
+John Dudley, afterwards Duke of Northumberland, being in
+possession of Dudley, and desirous of adding to it the manor of
+Birmingham, contrived, by a series of villanous artifices and
+perjury, to wrest it from Edward de Birmingham, and add it to his
+own possessions.&nbsp; On the <a name="page3"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 3</span>attainder and execution of the duke,
+in the reign of Mary, the manor escheated to the crown; and in
+1643 a descendant of the family, through the female line, was
+raised to the peerage, by the title of Baron Ward, of Birmingham,
+changed afterwards to Viscount Dudley and Ward, and Earl of
+Dudley.&nbsp; The remains of the ancient manor house have long
+been removed to make way for improvements; its former name,
+&ldquo;The Moat,&rdquo; (now called Smithfield,) and two
+neglected effigies in St. Martin&rsquo;s church, of a crusader
+and an ecclesiastic of the De Birmingham family, are all that
+remain to tell of their former greatness.&nbsp; Few historical
+events seem to have disturbed the good people of Birmingham
+except the civil war of the seventeenth century, when they proved
+themselves staunch adherents to the parliamentarians, and did
+good service to their partizans, against Prince Rupert and his
+troops, at which time some earth works thrown up at Bordesley,
+conferred the name of Camp Hill on a part of it.&nbsp; The prince
+afterwards set fire to the town, but obligingly desisted from
+further demonstration of such warm regard, on being handsomely
+bribed to that effect.&nbsp; The riots of 1791 are so frequently
+brought to the minds of our town&rsquo;s people by present
+allusions, that it needs not to dwell here on the disgraceful
+theme.&nbsp; Turning to a pleasanter topic, we will briefly
+glance at the manufactures which made an anonymous poet formerly
+exclaim,&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;Europe&rsquo;s grand toy-shop, art&rsquo;s
+exhaustless mine&mdash;<br />
+These, and more titles, Birmingham, are thine.&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>It is amusing to look back to the condition of <a
+name="page4"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 4</span>Birmingham in
+Leland&rsquo;s time, (Henry VIII.,) who describes it as inhabited
+only &ldquo;by smithes that use to make knives and all manner of
+cutting tools, and lorimers that make bittes, and a great many
+nailors.&rdquo;&nbsp; Camden, in the reign of Elizabeth, speaks
+of it as &ldquo;swarming with inhabitants, and echoing with the
+noise of anvils; but the upper part rising with abundance of
+handsome buildings;&rdquo; and his continuator, Bishop Gibson, in
+the reign of Anne, mentions &ldquo;its artificers in iron and
+steel, whose performances in that way are greatly admired both at
+home and abroad.&rdquo;&nbsp; Prior to the restoration of Charles
+II. the town only consisted of one long street, extending from
+the hamlet of Deritend to the present Bull-street, and contained
+barely 5,000 inhabitants.&nbsp; <i>Now</i>, the probably correct
+amount would stand thus: streets, 340; houses, 22,000;
+population, 200,000.&nbsp; Birmingham was created a borough by
+the Reform Bill, and sends two members to parliament.&nbsp; The
+honours of a mayor and corporation are now added to its civil
+dignities.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Among the almost innumerable branches of trade and manufacture
+at present carried on, are light and heavy steel goods, (here
+called toys,) brass and iron foundery, sadlery, military
+accoutrements, fire-arms, swords and cutlery of various kinds;
+jewellery, gold, silver, and plated goods; buttons, medals,
+japannery; gilt, silver, ivory, bone, and other toys; glass,
+wood-turnery, metal-rolling, tools and implements of all kinds;
+mill machinery of all sorts, and steam engines on every known
+principle.&nbsp; Casting, modelling, die-sinking, engraving, and
+other processes connected <a name="page5"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 5</span>with the various manufactures have
+been brought to the greatest perfection; also the cutting of
+glass, of which there are many brilliant specimens in the
+show-rooms of the town, especially those of Messrs. Rollason,
+Price, Henderson, Mrs. Bedford&rsquo;s, &amp;c.&nbsp; The great
+establishment at the Soho, near Birmingham, is intimately
+connected with its manufacturing interests, as under the
+superintendence of Messrs. Boulton and Watt, great improvements
+were effected in all kinds of machinery, and the power of steam
+applied to every mechanical purpose.&nbsp; From their ingenious
+coining mill, the greater part of the copper money of George III.
+was issued.&nbsp; Mr. Boulton died in 1809, aged eighty-one, and
+Mr. Watt in 1819, aged eighty-three.&nbsp; They were both
+interred in Handsworth church, where a marble bust commemorates
+the former, and a statue, by Chantrey, the latter.</p>
+<blockquote><p>In the magnificent show-rooms of Mr. G. R. Collis
+in Church-street, (formerly Sir E. Thomason&rsquo;s,) splendid
+specimens of the chief native manufactures are collected, and
+their mode of manufacture shown to all respectable
+visitors.&nbsp; Mr. Phipson&rsquo;s pin manufactory, which in
+this seemingly small article employs so great a number as one
+thousand persons, is another large establishment; and the
+articles of oriental gorgeousness and diversity, displayed by
+Messrs. Jennens and Betteridge, at their japanned ware and papier
+mach&eacute; manufactory, in Constitution-hill, are full of
+brilliant designs and adornment.&nbsp; The show-rooms of Messrs.
+Mapplebeck and Lowe, Osborne, and others, contain a great variety
+of hardware and cutlery.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Of ponderous machinery, none perhaps is more interesting than
+that of the metal rolling mills; there is positive grandeur in
+the great power employed, and <a name="page6"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 6</span>the accuracy with which it is adjusted
+to the end required.&nbsp; The button manufacture is a principal
+source of wealth to the town, and many of its chief families may
+trace back their origin (their <i>honourable</i> origin&mdash;far
+more truly honourable than the anxiety occasionally shown by
+present full-blown importance to disguise it) to a humble
+fabricator of these small and indispensable articles.&nbsp; They
+are made of all kinds and descriptions, to suit all markets; as
+were buckles likewise, some years since; but fashion, that mighty
+revolutionist, has driven them from their once prominent station
+in the toilet of the exquisite of former days; and knees and
+shoes, and dainty spangled and high heeled slippers, fit for
+feminine feet, have all laid by the buckles which used to glitter
+in cut steel and silver delicately worked, or set with
+brilliants; and of so comely dimensions, as well nigh to cover
+the pretty insteps of our grandmothers.&nbsp; As a source of
+great wealth to our native town, we must regret the abolition of
+ornamental buckles.&nbsp; Steel tools, and lighter, tasteful
+articles, form another great branch.&nbsp; The first steel-house,
+or factory, gave the name &ldquo;Steelhouse-lane&rdquo; to the
+street.&nbsp; Guns were first made in the reign of William III.,
+and in times of war have constituted an important part of our
+trade.&nbsp; Silver, brass, and iron are all wrought to a great
+extent, in every known variety of manufacture.&nbsp; To enumerate
+<i>all</i> the productions of Birmingham were nearly an
+impossible task, had we space; as it is, we must rest here, and
+proceed to notice a few of the chief buildings and institutions
+which would attract the observation of a stranger.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p7.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Birmingham Town Hall"
+title=
+"Birmingham Town Hall"
+src="images/p7.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p><a name="page7"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 7</span>First, of
+the first class, ranks our noble and magnificent Town Hall, in
+Paradise-street, a Grecian temple of the Corinthian order,
+standing on a rustic basement, and built of marble from
+Anglesea.&nbsp; It is of recent erection; from the design, and
+under the direction of Mr. J. Hansom, of Hinckley, and contains a
+splendid hall, 140 feet long, by 65 feet wide, and 65 feet high,
+adapted for great public meetings, and for the performances of
+music at the Triennial Festivals; <a name="citation7"></a><a
+href="#footnote7" class="citation">[7]</a> it also contains
+spacious saloons, committee rooms, etc.&nbsp; Its organ is the
+finest in the kingdom.&nbsp; The new Free Grammar School, in
+New-street, is a large and handsome building, in the Gothic
+style, from a design by Mr. Barry, of London.&nbsp; The
+exhibition rooms of the Birmingham Society of Arts, New-street,
+form a handsome building, admirably adapted for the purpose; and
+the annual exhibition, of ancient and modern masters, is inferior
+to no provincial one.&nbsp; Another spacious suite of rooms was
+erected a few years since, by a dissentient party of the artists;
+but, having returned to the parent institution, their gallery
+since has been occupied by the highly interesting, valuable, and
+well-arranged Museum of Natural History, collected by Mr. Weaver,
+in the various branches of geology, ornithology, entomology,
+mineralogy, conchology, &amp;c.&nbsp; The Royal School of
+Medicine and Surgery, in Paradise-street, have now purchased this
+splendid collection, which, joined to the one they already
+possess, will form one of the finest Museums in the <a
+name="page8"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+8</span>provinces.&nbsp; It is liberally supported and patronised
+by the neighbouring nobility and county families.&nbsp; The
+General Hospital, Blue Coat School, Dispensary, and Asylums, are
+worthy of all praise for their essential utility as
+charities.&nbsp; The former is mainly supported by the proceeds
+of the Triennial Festivals; the others by liberal subscriptions,
+with which the inhabitants of Birmingham appear ever ready to
+increase the usefulness of charities having for their end the
+alleviation of misery, in whatever form it exists.&nbsp; The new
+Market Hall, extending from the Bull-ring to Worcester-street, is
+a spacious and commodious building, though the internal
+arrangement might be greatly improved, by a little more attention
+to order and neatness on the part of the various trades-people
+who have stalls there.&nbsp; The market having formerly been held
+in the open street, may, in some degree, account for this.&nbsp;
+Nearly opposite the hall stands a statue of Lord Nelson, by
+Westmacott, with a miniature man-of-war beside him, on a pedestal
+surrounded by an iron rail and lamps.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The Churches most remarkable for architectural beauty, are,
+St. Philip&rsquo;s, in the Doric style, with a graceful tower and
+cupola: Trinity Church, Bordesley, designed by Mr. F. Goodwin,
+much in the style of King&rsquo;s College Chapel, Cambridge; it
+is a fine example of the Ecclesiastical Gothic: St.
+George&rsquo;s, also Gothic, but of far inferior beauty; St.
+Martin&rsquo;s, which <i>has</i> been a fine old edifice, with a
+tapering spire, but is now disfigured by a brick shell: St.
+Paul&rsquo;s, Christ Church, St. Thomas&rsquo;s, St.
+Peter&rsquo;s, St. Bartholomew&rsquo;s, St. Mary&rsquo;s, All
+Saints&rsquo;, and others are of less striking appearance.&nbsp;
+<a name="page9"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 9</span>Many of the
+dissenting congregations have handsome and spacious
+meeting-houses and chapels, particularly the Catholic Chapels;
+Unitarian Meeting-houses; Independent Meeting-house,
+Carr&rsquo;s-lane; Mount Zion Chapel; Scottish Kirk,
+&amp;c.&nbsp; Schools are connected with all, and with the
+numerous National, Lancasterian, Infant, and other schools,
+combine in distributing knowledge, in however a small degree as
+yet, among the useful and industrious classes.&nbsp; The
+excellent school for the instruction of Deaf and Dumb children is
+pleasantly situated at Edgbaston: there are also various Asylums
+for the young, the helpless, and the immoral (repentant, of
+course).</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The Old Library, in Union-street, contains a valuable
+collection of 40,000 volumes, and commodious reading rooms.&nbsp;
+The New Library, in Temple-row, is a more recent and smaller
+establishment.&nbsp; Divers conglomerations of novels, called
+&ldquo;Circulating Libraries,&rdquo; also exist for the benefit
+of the sentimental.&nbsp; The Philosophical Institution has a
+convenient Lecture-Theatre and Museum in Cannon-street, with a
+resident Curator.&nbsp; Subscribers have the privilege of
+introducing strangers to the lectures.&nbsp; The members of the
+Mechanics&rsquo; Institution at present have lectures in the same
+building, until the erection of one suitable for them.&nbsp;
+Strangers are admitted to the Mechanics&rsquo; lectures on
+payment of one shilling.&nbsp; The Botanical and Horticultural
+Society have extensive gardens and conservatories at Edgbaston,
+situated on rising ground, and commanding a beautiful and
+richly-wooded expanse of scenery.&nbsp; The exhibitions of
+plants, fruits, <a name="page10"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+10</span>&amp;c., when a brilliant company generally assembles,
+are scenes of great gaiety.</p>
+<blockquote><p>The Conservatories and Greenhouses, are the
+erection of Mr. T. Clark, of Lionel-street, Birmingham, whose
+manufactory for Metallic Hothouses, &amp;c., is very
+extensive.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>A Cemetery has been recently laid out and planted on the north
+side of the town, at Key Hill, where a large excavation in a hill
+of gravel renders the spot striking and even picturesque: a neat
+Chapel is erected for the performance of the funeral service.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>In 1813 an Act of Parliament was obtained for the erection of
+a Proof House for all fire-arms made in the town, which are
+subjected to a very severe test.&nbsp; The hall and other
+premises are in Banbury-street, and have quite a military and
+formidable appearance.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The News Room, on Bennett&rsquo;s-hill, and the different
+banking establishments, are handsome buildings, many of them of
+considerable architectural beauty.&nbsp; The Theatre is large,
+and inferior to few out of the metropolis, though the indifferent
+encouragement given to the drama in Birmingham, causes it to be
+comparatively but little used.&nbsp; It is capable of
+accommodating 2,500 persons, and contains to the front, a suite
+of Assembly Rooms, Billiard and Coffee Rooms, &amp;c.&nbsp; There
+were formerly two smaller theatres, and an amphitheatre for
+equestrian performances, all three of which have been converted
+from their dissolute ways, and become pious and holy conventicles
+for divine worship.&nbsp; <a name="page11"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 11</span>Temporary amphitheatres have
+frequently been erected since, and a permanent one is in
+progress.&nbsp; For more circumstantial particulars and
+descriptions of these and other edifices, we must refer our
+readers to the &ldquo;Picture of Birmingham,&rdquo; <a
+name="citation11"></a><a href="#footnote11"
+class="citation">[11]</a> or other more lengthy histories.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The environs of the town, especially Edgbaston and Harborne,
+contain many tasteful residences, erected by the wealthier
+merchants and tradesmen; whose pretty suburban villas have all
+gardens and pleasure grounds attached.&nbsp; In the neighbourhood
+of Birmingham are many fine old houses, or halls, as they are
+called, well deserving of a visit from the antiquary or artist;
+and the far famed glories of Warwick, Kenilworth,
+Shakespeare-sainted Stratford, Guy&rsquo;s Cliff, and other
+places of renown, are within a short drive.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>In this brief survey of the past and present condition of
+Birmingham, it will be seen how rapidly its greatness and
+importance have been achieved by the perseverance, spirit, and
+ingenuity of its inhabitants.&nbsp; We may expect as rapid, and
+almost as great improvements from the additional consequence and
+advantages it will receive from the great works now nearly
+completed.&nbsp; The finished line of railway from London to
+Liverpool through this place, may, with confidence, be looked to
+as another great era in its history, from whence to date still
+increasing wealth, power, and intelligence.</p>
+<h2><a name="page12"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+12</span>CHAPTER II.<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">ROUTE.</span><br />
+BIRMINGHAM TO WOLVERHAMPTON,<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">Fourteen Miles.</span></h2>
+<h3>BIRMINGHAM AND VAUXHALL STATION.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Liverpool and
+Manchester, 97&frac14; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<p style="text-align:
+center"><sup>*</sup><sub>*</sub><sup>*</sup> Those printed in
+small capitals are market towns.</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Edgbaston</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2&frac12; miles.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Erdington</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3 miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Harborne</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Castle Bromwich</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Halesowen</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Sutton Coldfield</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Stourbridge</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">12&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Water Orton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Curdworth</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Coleshill</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Wishaw</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Middleton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Drayton Bassett</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Tamworth</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">13 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class="smcap">The</span> Birmingham Station of the Grand
+Junction railway, closely adjoins that of the London and
+Birmingham, which greatly facilitates the arrangements of
+travellers proceeding along the entire line.&nbsp; Until the
+completion of the permanent buildings, those at Vauxhall have
+been temporarily used.&nbsp; To a stranger coming into the
+station-yard for the first time, the whole scene is one of great
+novelty: the long train of treble-bodied coaches, waiting under a
+broad covered way for passengers and baggage; the bustle and <a
+name="page13"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 13</span>animation of
+the host of porters, guards, conductors, &amp;c.; the amazement
+depicted on some of the faces of the lookers-on; the state of
+&ldquo;intellectual complication&rdquo; evinced by others,
+especially those who, having various items of property to convey
+with them, are tremblingly solicitous for the welfare of sundry
+&ldquo;red-striped carpet bags, trunks with wrappering
+over,&rdquo; bandboxes which will be ruined by a drop of rain,
+and fish-baskets which have a mortal antipathy to be
+squeezed.&nbsp; Other important-looking passengers make up their
+minds to take things as a matter of course, and not betray any
+vulgar surprise; and from their extremely over-done
+<i>nonchalance</i>, would fain persuade you they had made a
+journey round the globe in a first-rate train, and reached the
+antipodes by a tunnel.&nbsp; These valiant and adventurous
+individuals are by far the severest sufferers by the
+anti-cigar-act, passed by the Company, for which the unsmoking
+part of the community, especially the fair sex, are greatly
+indebted.&nbsp; The traveller may refer to the company&rsquo;s
+regulations at full, in the appendix at the end of this
+volume.&nbsp; Supposing all preliminaries adjusted, we commence
+our journey.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Passing the station at Vauxhall, (closely adjoining to which
+are Vauxhall Gardens,) the railroad proceeds by Duddeston, and
+passes over the Coleshill road near Saltley Chapel, a small
+pigeon-house like edifice to the E. of the line.&nbsp; Aston
+Church soon appears on the W., above the rich woods surrounding
+it; and the high chimney of the Birmingham Water Works (lately
+established to supply the town) is passed on the E.&nbsp; The
+steam engines, Hercules and Atlas, erected here for <a
+name="page14"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 14</span>pumping the
+water from the reservoir, into the pipes for conveyance to
+Birmingham, are perhaps the grandest and most perfect of their
+kind ever fabricated.&nbsp; Yardley Village and Perry Barr form
+the distant view.&nbsp; The railroad now passes over the Aston
+embankment, and a viaduct of ten arches, beneath which runs the
+high road to Sutton, and the Fazeley Canal.&nbsp; From this point
+the last view is gained of the town of Birmingham, on the W.; and
+on the E. a prospect of Gravelly Hill, now nearly levelled, and
+the village of Erdington.&nbsp; A short distance onwards the line
+passes the front of Aston Hall, a fine old baronial residence in
+the Elizabethan style of architecture, erected by Sir Thomas Holt
+in 1620, and in which he entertained Charles I. previously to the
+battle of Edge Hill.&nbsp; It is situated in a fine park, richly
+ornamented with stately timber of ancient growth, and thriving
+modern plantations.&nbsp; All the views of this fine old mansion
+are strikingly beautiful; but the one commanded from the railroad
+line, looking up the avenue of lofty elms, (which the line
+crosses,) is the most imposing.</p>
+<blockquote><p>James Watt, Esq., the present proprietor, has, it
+is said, expended &pound;10,000 in preventing the line of
+railroad from passing through his park, which the Company
+intended it to do; and in consequence of this opposition a great
+curve appears in the course of the line at this part.&nbsp; Iron
+works in the neighbourhood have been in operation from remote
+antiquity. <a name="citation14"></a><a href="#footnote14"
+class="citation">[14]</a></p>
+</blockquote>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p15.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Aston Hall"
+title=
+"Aston Hall"
+src="images/p15.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p><a name="page15"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 15</span>The
+Church, which re-appears at several points of the line, is a
+beautiful and venerable structure, with a fine tapering spire,
+and remarkably musical bells, the sweet tones of which will
+scarcely reach the ears of railroad travellers.&nbsp; Part of the
+village of Aston is observable from the railroad, and also the
+grounds and fish-pans of its &ldquo;Tavern,&rdquo; a spot much
+frequented by tea (and ale) drinking parties from Birmingham.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>One very agreeable feature of the scenery on the line, is the
+unspoiled freshness and verdure of the ground on either
+side.&nbsp; The idea most persons entertain respecting such
+astounding innovations on ancient usages as steam carriages and
+railroads is, that they spread desolation around their path, and
+that the track of a locomotive engine must necessarily be as
+devastating in its effects as that of a lava course.&nbsp; We
+candidly confess to something akin to this suspicion
+ourselves.&nbsp; But all &ldquo;Grand Junction&rdquo; patrons
+must be gratified to find such expectations disappointed so
+pleasingly in the cheerful aspect of the fields, groves, and
+&ldquo;little running brooks,&rdquo; closely bordering the
+excavations or embankments.&nbsp; Cattle are quietly feeding just
+on the other side the fence, and gay wildflowers already enamel
+the newly-made banks.&nbsp; Sometimes, certainly, a horse or cow
+may be abruptly interrupted in a quiet meditation by the rapid
+rushing by of a &ldquo;Centaur&rdquo; or &ldquo;Alecto,&rdquo;
+with its lengthened <i>tail</i> of many ponderous joints; and one
+accident, very singular, if true, occurred lately.&nbsp; A
+certain luckless individual of the pig family, having too far
+indulged an imprudent spirit of investigation on the Bilston
+portion of the line, had his curly conclusion very summarily
+amputated by a passing train:&mdash;he turned round briskly to
+ascertain the extent of his calamity, when another <a
+name="page16"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 16</span>train,
+whirling along in an opposite direction, coming in contact with
+his head, put a period to the enterprising animal&rsquo;s
+existence by an instant decapitation.&nbsp; We might draw a wise
+and serious moral from this &ldquo;cutting&rdquo; event, but the
+fact presents a sufficient warning to all persons inclined to
+incur the penalty of two pounds in sterling coin, and limbs <i>ad
+libitum</i>, for the sake of a promenade on the forbidden
+ground.&nbsp; &ldquo;Digression is a sin,&rdquo;&mdash;on the
+defunct pig&rsquo;s head be ours!&nbsp; But for his tragic
+history, we should, ere this, have introduced the hill of these
+parts, Barr Beacon, to our readers; it appears to the N.E.,
+crowned with a dense grove of trees.&nbsp; The intervening
+scenery is cheerful and cultivated, but not picturesque.&nbsp;
+The village of Witton shortly appears to the E., with Barr lying
+on the N.E.&nbsp; The bridge here passed is on the boundary of
+Warwickshire and Staffordshire, which latter county the line now
+enters.&nbsp; Aston Hall and Church again come in sight beyond
+Witton, and form a beautiful rear view, which is soon shut out by
+the banks of the excavation, precluding all prospect save of
+their own sloping sides, the pebbles and markings in which are
+made, by the rapidity of passing, to appear like flying
+lines.</p>
+<h3>Perry Barr Station.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+3&frac12;&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 94 miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Handsworth</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1 mile</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Perry</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&frac34; mile</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Aston</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Erdington</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2&frac34; miles</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Smethwick</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4&frac14; miles</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Sutton Coldfield</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Little Aston</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Shenstone</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p17.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Aston Church and Viaduct"
+title=
+"Aston Church and Viaduct"
+src="images/p17.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p><a name="page17"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 17</span>At this
+station, the line makes a considerable curve in an opposite
+direction to that hitherto followed, and passes Handsworth, (the
+church appearing among wood on the W.,) also Lea Hall, on the W.,
+and over two bridges, named from J. Gough, Esq., through whose
+estate the line runs for two miles.&nbsp; Pleasant, quiet-looking
+scenery skirts the road for some distance, and about a mile from
+the last bridge, a view is gained of Perry Hall, seat of J.
+Gough, Esq., nearly encompassed by a grove of oak trees.&nbsp; At
+Hampstead Bridge, the old Walsall road crosses the line; and on
+either side the prospect is pleasantly varied by wood and
+water.&nbsp; Hampstead Hall, which lies near, is nearly concealed
+by its rich woods from the passers on the railroad.&nbsp; The
+line shortly enters a cutting, of from sixty to seventy feet
+deep; emerging from which into the open country, West Bromwich,
+and Sandwell Park, the seat of Earl Dartmouth, appear on the W.,
+and Barr on the E.&nbsp; We now pass</p>
+<h3>Newton Road Station.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+6&frac34;&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 90&frac34; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Place E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>West Bromwich</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2 miles</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Great Barr</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2&frac12; miles</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Oldbury</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3&frac14; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Rowley Regis</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Halesowen</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7&frac14; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Cradley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7&frac14; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>The Lye</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class="smcap">West Bromwich</span> has rapidly risen to
+importance from the rich iron and coal mines which abound in its
+vicinity.&nbsp; The great Gas Works are situated here, <a
+name="page18"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 18</span>which supply
+the chief part of Birmingham, Wednesbury, Dudley, Bilston,
+Darlaston, and other places with gas; the main tubes extending to
+the aggregate length of 150 miles.&nbsp; There are two handsome
+churches, the one ancient, the other modern.&nbsp; Population,
+15,330.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The site of the present splendid mansion of Sandwell, was, in
+the reign of Henry II., occupied by a priory of Benedictine
+Monks.&nbsp; Charley Mount, pleasantly situated on a hill,
+appears W. of the line, Ray Hall and Burslem, or Bustleholm Mill,
+on the E.&nbsp; Before passing Tame Bridge, Barr Beacon again
+appears, heading the distant view.&nbsp; Friar Park is on the W.,
+with the town and church of Wednesbury (usually pronounced
+Wedgebury), towering above the trees.&nbsp; Walsall appears from
+the same point, lying N.E. of the line.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p><span class="smcap">Dudley</span>, a town in the centre of the
+mining district, lies 5&frac12; miles W. of the line.&nbsp;
+Population, 23,050.&nbsp; The ancient castle is a ruin of great
+beauty and interest, situated on an eminence, and surrounded with
+fine wood and beautiful walks.&nbsp; Stupendous cavern-quarries,
+canals, and labyrinthine excavations, extend under the Castle
+Hill.&nbsp; The limestone is remarkably rich in fossil treasures;
+trilobites, or, as they are vulgarly called, &ldquo;Dudley
+locusts,&rdquo; have been found here in great variety, but from
+the eagerness of collectors, and the inadequate supply of these
+ancient creatures yielded by the rocks, they have become scarce
+and costly, instead of &ldquo;not particularly valuable,&rdquo;
+as stated by a contemporary before alluded to.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p><a name="page19"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 19</span><span
+class="smcap">Wednesbury</span> is a town of ancient origin,
+having been fortified against the Danes by Ethelfleda, daughter
+of Alfred the Great, in 916.&nbsp; Extensive collieries enrich
+the vicinity, and tend greatly to darken the complexion of both
+houses and inhabitants; the workers of the black diamond
+hereabout being a marvellously murky fraternity.&nbsp; Various
+manufactures of iron are here carried on, and the air is
+generally redolent of the fumes of coal-smoke in no small
+degree.&nbsp; The market is on Friday, and fairs May 6, and
+August 3.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p><span class="smcap">Walsall</span> boasts an equally ancient
+history with the former place, and was fortified by the same
+princess.&nbsp; It stands conspicuously on the summit and
+acclivities of a limestone rock, which is crowned by the church,
+the lofty spire of which forms a fine object.&nbsp; Market on
+Tuesday; fairs September 24, Whit Monday, and Tuesday before
+Michaelmas day.&nbsp; Proceeding onwards we pass under</p>
+<h3>Bescot Bridge Station.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+9&frac12;&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 88 miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Wednesbury</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1 mile</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Walsall</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1&frac12; mile</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Tipton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4 miles</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rushall</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2&frac12; miles</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Dudley</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Over Stonnal</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Netherton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6&frac34; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Lower Stonnal</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Brierley Hill</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8&frac14; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Shenstone</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>King Swinford</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Lichfield</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Wordesley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9&frac14; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>The Lye</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9&frac14; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Stourbridge</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9&frac34; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Old Swinford</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">10&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class="smcap">The</span> main road from Wednesbury to
+Walsall crosses this bridge; pass Bescot Hall, (Mr.
+Marshall&rsquo;s,) on the E., and reach</p>
+<h3><a name="page20"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+20</span>James&rsquo;s Bridge Station.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+10&frac14;&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 87&frac14; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Darlaston</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&frac34; mile</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Walsall</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1&frac34; mile</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Coseley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3 miles</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class="smcap">The</span> high road from Walsall crosses
+here to <span class="smcap">Darlaston</span>, (seen in the
+distance on the W.,) another town in the iron and coal district,
+and, according to tradition, the seat of Wulphere, king of
+Mercia, who put his two sons to death for embracing
+Christianity.&nbsp; On the hill at Berry Bank, are the remains of
+a large castle and entrenchments, and near by, a Barrow, which it
+were heresy to doubt were the residence and grave of this
+redoubtable personage.&nbsp; The chief manufactures of this, as
+of the neighbouring towns, consist of various iron and steel
+goods.&nbsp; The whole district is abundantly traversed by
+canals, tram-roads, &amp;c., for the convenient conveyance of
+merchandise, and presents to the passing traveller less subject
+for praise in point of beauty, than for admiration and surprise,
+at the closely-placed engines, mills, coal-pits, iron-mines, and
+factories, which greet him on all sides, with hissing, curling
+volumes of white steam, or thick massy clouds of rolling
+smoke.&nbsp; Should the traveller journey through this strange
+neighbourhood by night, the novel and wild, not to say, grand,
+effect of the fires, must strike him forcibly.&nbsp; Huge
+furnaces glowing on the earth, from a dark wayside forge; tall
+chimneys, themselves not seen in the gloom, vomiting forth flames
+and fiery-coloured smoke, or a long range of glowing hillocks,
+where flickering <a name="page21"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+21</span>blazes play from the charcoal burning within: add to
+these, the dusky figures of the men and boys employed in the
+works, and a stranger will have a scene before him, in which the
+&ldquo;fearsome&rdquo; is oddly enough blended with the
+grotesque.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>In the distance, S.W. of the line, appear the Rowley Hills, a
+ridge of trap or basaltic rock, which, at the time of its
+elevation, upheaved and broke through the coal strata.&nbsp; The
+stone being hard and compact, the hills are quarried for paving
+flags, &amp;c.</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;The principal mass of these (trap rocks)
+occurs in the southern part of the county, overlying the
+coal-field which surrounds the town of Dudley.&nbsp; It there
+constitutes the material of a group of hills, beginning on the S.
+of that town, and terminating about half-way between Halesowen
+and Oldbury, a little beyond the village of Rowley.&nbsp; These
+hills consist of very pure basalt, which in the neighbourhood of
+Birmingham is called Rowley rag, because the village of Rowley is
+situated on one of these basalt hills; and this hill appears to
+the eye to be the highest of the whole range.&nbsp; These hills
+are all covered with soil; but quarries have been opened in many
+of them, and the basalt of which they are composed is employed
+for mending the roads.&nbsp; The streets of Birmingham are
+likewise paved with it.&nbsp; The columnar structure, though very
+frequent, is far from universal in this trap, which very commonly
+occurs in large spherical masses, decomposing on the surface into
+concentric layers.&nbsp; An amygdaloidal variety containing
+calcareous spar and zeolite occurs S. of Dudley.&nbsp; The
+highest point of the Rowley Hills is stated by Dr. Thompson to be
+900 feet above the Thames at Brentford.&rdquo;&mdash;<span
+class="smcap">Conybeare and Phillips&rsquo;s</span> <i>Geology of
+England and Wales</i>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Passing through a cutting of considerable depth, we arrive
+at</p>
+<h3><a name="page22"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+22</span>Willenhall Station.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+12&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 85&frac12; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bilston</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1&frac12; mile</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Bloxwich</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3 miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sedgley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4&frac14; miles</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Pelsall</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4&frac34; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lower Gornal</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5&frac34; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Himley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7&frac14; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class="smcap">The</span> small town of Willenhall, at
+the period of the Norman survey, was called <i>Winehala</i>, the
+Saxon term for victory, probably from the great battle fought
+near it in 311.&nbsp; The village began to flourish in the reign
+of Elizabeth, when the iron manufacture was first established
+here: at present, it is noted for its collieries and flourishing
+trade in locks, and other articles of hardware.&nbsp; Population,
+about 5,900.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p22.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Wednesfield Tunnel"
+title=
+"Wednesfield Tunnel"
+src="images/p22.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Nothing of particular interest occurs on either side of the
+line, till, in approaching the long Wednesfield tunnel, the
+geological traveller will observe the remarkable <a
+name="page23"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 23</span>section
+formed by the excavation through the outcropping beds of coal,
+which in this part rise at a great angle towards the surface, and
+are worked in the neighbourhood by open cuttings.&nbsp; The
+complete change which this abrupt ending of the coal-field causes
+in the aspect of the country is very singular.&nbsp; On one side
+all is black and murky; on the other, green and bright.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The tunnel is 180 yards in length, and the effect of a long
+train of carriages passing rapidly under, is novel and grand, nor
+less so the appearance of their emerging from the dark archway,
+to the expectant spectators at the</p>
+<h3>WOLVERHAMPTON STATION.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+14&frac14;&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 83&frac14; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Wolverhampton</span> (Town)</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1 mile.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Bushbury</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1&frac34; mile.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Tettenhall</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2 miles.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Wednesfield</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1&frac34; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Upper Penn</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Codsall</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Wombourne</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5&frac14; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Himley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Trysull</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Pattingham</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Albrighton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Donington</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>King Swinford</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Bonningale</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Bridgenorth</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">14 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Shiffnal</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">14 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class="smcap">The</span> panting and smoking engine,
+like a huge beast, rushing along with fiery jaws, and &ldquo;such
+a length of tail behind,&rdquo; might, in a dark night, be easily
+suspected of being &ldquo;no canny.&rdquo;&nbsp; Divers kinds of
+vehicles, from post-chaises and landaus, to caravans and
+<i>omnibii</i> (as a refined friend of ours pluralizes these
+universal <a name="page24"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+24</span>conveyances) are in attendance at this station, to
+convey passengers to the town of Wolverhampton, one mile distant,
+or to their future destination.</p>
+<blockquote><p><span class="smcap">Wolverhampton</span> is a
+place of considerable antiquity, and was called Hanton or Hampton
+prior to the year 996, when Wulfrana, sister of King Edgar, and
+widow of Aldhelm, Duke of Northampton, founded a college here,
+endowing it with so many privileges that the town was called in
+her honour, <i>Wulfranis Hampton</i>, of which its present name
+is evidently a corruption.&nbsp; The College continued till the
+year 1200, when Petrus Blesensis, who was then dean, after
+fruitless attempts to reform the dissolute lives of the brethren,
+surrendered the establishment to Hubert, archbishop of
+Canterbury, and it was subsequently annexed to the deanery of
+Windsor.&nbsp; In 1590, the greater part of the town was
+destroyed by a fire, which continued burning for five days.&nbsp;
+In the parliamentary war, Wolverhampton aided the royalists, and
+Prince Rupert fixed his head-quarters here, while the king was
+encamped at Bushbury.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The town is situated on an eminence, on the N.W. side of the
+great midland coal-district, and the neighbourhood abounds with
+iron, coal, and limestone.&nbsp; The manufacture of locks, forms
+here as in the other towns in the vicinity, the staple trade, to
+which may be added, smith&rsquo;s and carpenter&rsquo;s tools,
+machinery of all kinds, furnishing ironmongery, &amp;c.&nbsp; The
+modern streets are well-built and lighted, and contain many
+handsome and substantial houses.&nbsp; A public Subscription
+Library and News-room, occupy the lower part of a commodious
+building, in which, assemblies and concerts are likewise
+held.&nbsp; A Literary and Philosophical Society is established,
+but not yet supported in a manner at all proportioned to its
+merits; a circumstance not reflecting much honour on the
+professedly intelligent <a name="page25"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 25</span>and &ldquo;higher&rdquo; classes of
+the inhabitants.&nbsp; The Mechanics&rsquo; Institution is in a
+more flourishing condition, for obvious reasons, being patronized
+by the more knowledge-loving part of the community.&nbsp; The
+Theatre is opened occasionally; it is a small and unpretending
+structure.&nbsp; Races are annually held in August, in an
+extensive area near the town, and are well attended.&nbsp; In the
+centre of the market-place stands a cast-iron column, forty-five
+feet high, surmounted by a large gas lantern, which was intended
+by its sanguine projector to enlighten the whole town and
+suburbs, but, alas for the great designs of short-sighted
+humanity!&mdash;its sphere of usefulness is unfortunately
+restricted to the attic and chamber windows of the houses
+immediately contiguous.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The Collegiate Church is an ancient and exceedingly beautiful
+cruciform structure, in the early decorated style of
+architecture, with a handsome square embattled tower rising from
+the centre.&nbsp; It contains a curious and elaborately-carved
+stone pulpit, formed of one entire block, an ancient font, and
+several interesting monuments.&nbsp; In the church-yard is a
+column, twenty feet high, greatly enriched with sculpture of
+various designs, supposed to be of either Saxon or Danish
+origin.&nbsp; There are several other churches in Wolverhampton,
+and many religious establishments belonging to various sects of
+dissenters; also a Free Grammar School, Blue Coat Charity,
+National, Sunday, and other Schools.&nbsp; The population of
+Wolverhampton is about 25,000; it has a market on Wednesday, and
+a fair on July 10.</p>
+<h2><a name="page26"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+26</span>CHAPTER III.<br />
+WOLVERHAMPTON TO STAFFORD,<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">Fifteen Miles.</span></h2>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p26.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Bushbury Hill and Church"
+title=
+"Bushbury Hill and Church"
+src="images/p26.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p><span class="smcap">On</span> quitting the station at
+Wolverhampton a good view is obtained of the town and fine old
+Church, with the hills of Rowley Regis in the distance.&nbsp;
+Tettenhall Wood and the Clee Hills soon add to the beauty of the
+southward view; and the line is skirted by fine trees and fresh
+verdant meadows, over which a peep of the distant landscape is
+gained at intervals.&nbsp; Show Hill, and Low Hill houses are
+pleasantly situated on the ridge of a hill to the E., and beyond
+them appears Bushbury Hill, a point of the same elevation, with
+its old village <a name="page27"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+27</span>Church, built about 1460; this is perhaps the most
+pleasing part of the line we have yet traversed.&nbsp; The Wrekin
+appears in the distance to the W., and nearer, the lofty and
+tapering spire of Brewood (or Brood) Church, rises from its
+girdling woods.&nbsp; Moseley Court, the ancient seat of J. G.
+Whitgreave, Esq., lies E. of the line, whence but little of the
+house is visible, being surrounded by stately oak groves.&nbsp;
+In this venerable mansion, Charles II. was temporarily concealed,
+when on his way to Bentley.&nbsp; Wrottesley Park, seat of Sir
+John Wrottesley, Bart., Chillington Park and Hall, the noble
+residence of T. W. Giffard, Esq., and the village of Codsall,
+form portions of the scenery to the S.W.&nbsp; All this part of
+the line from Wolverhampton is on an embankment, which, however,
+does not exceed fifteen feet at the highest point.&nbsp; On the
+E. appears Hilton Park, seat of H. E. C. V. Graham, Esq., and on
+the W., Pendeford Hall.&nbsp; The villages of Shareshill and
+Featherstone, lie E. of the line.&nbsp; A bridge here crosses it,
+bearing the felicitous name of &ldquo;Paradise;&rdquo; happy
+mortals, to reach such blessed bourne!&nbsp; But our stay is
+brief indeed; Paradise is left far behind, and we pass onwards
+under and over many a bridge of great and small degree; for the
+railroad even renders a common dirty gutter, a thing of so great
+importance, that a stately and ponderous arch must be erected for
+its insignificant accommodation!&nbsp; Verily, we grow
+aristocratic in our indignation at such upstart doings.&nbsp; The
+honourable fraternity of Ditch, Gutter, and Co., may, with a good
+grace, quote the old fable, and exclaim, &ldquo;How we apples
+swim;&rdquo; they are marvellously promoted since &ldquo;an
+hundred years ago.&rdquo;&nbsp; <a name="page28"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 28</span>The Stafford Canal passes under, and
+the railroad over, a handsome iron bridge, between the village of
+Coven on the W., and Aspley on the E. side of the line.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The wide moorland called Cannock Chase, lies E., and is for
+some distance seen from the line.&nbsp; It was in earlier times,
+a forest or chase belonging to the Mercian kings.&nbsp; In one
+part, Castle Hill, now enclosed by the boundary of Beaudesert
+Park, seat of the Marquis of Anglesea, is an ancient British
+encampment, surrounded by a double trench, occupying about
+fourteen acres.&nbsp; Near it are the remains of a moat,
+enclosing an oblong square of three acres, called the Old
+Nunnery, where a Cistercian Abbey was founded in the reign of
+Stephen, which was shortly after removed to Stoneleigh, in
+Warwickshire.&nbsp; Cannock Chase, or Heath, contains upwards of
+25,000 acres; in some parts, containing extensive sheep
+walks.</p>
+<h3>Four Ashes Station.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+20&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 77&frac12; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Place W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Place E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Brewood</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2 miles.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Shareshill</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2&frac34; miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class="smcap">If</span> the reader be a passenger in a
+mixed train, the diminished speed will here allow him a better
+chance of observation; and a fine view may be enjoyed on the
+eastward, of Cannock Chase, with its undulating scenery; and
+westward, Summerford Park, seat of the Hon. E. Monkton, the
+little town of Brewood, and the Wrekin.&nbsp; Passing on, nothing
+of interest occurs until the arrival at the next, the</p>
+<h3><a name="page29"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 29</span>Spread
+Eagle Station.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+21&frac12;&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 76 miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Stretton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2 miles.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Cannock</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4&frac12; miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Lapley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Norton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6&frac14; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Wheaton Aston</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4&frac14; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Weston-under-Lizzard</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Blymhill</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Tong</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Sheriff Hales</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">10&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Woodcote</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Shiffnal</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">12 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Wellington</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">17 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Shrewsbury</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">29 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class="smcap">Here</span> the railroad crosses the old
+Roman road called Watling-street; the ancient pr&aelig;torian
+highway, reaching from Dover, by St. Albans, Dunstable,
+Towcester, Atherstone, Shrewsbury, &amp;c., to Cardigan; in many
+places it is scarcely perceptible, while in others it continues
+firm for several miles.&nbsp; And who can pass such a junction of
+roads, without a backward glance at past years and events?
+without a thought of the thousand &ldquo;changes of time and
+tide&rdquo; that this ancient track has witnessed: the millions
+of human footsteps it has received:&mdash;the proud and
+victorious Roman, exulting in his country&rsquo;s greatness and
+conquests, and contemptuously spurning the savage natives, whose
+natural rights he invaded:&mdash;the rapacious and desolating
+Dane:&mdash;the wily Saxon:&mdash;the adventurous Norman: and now
+the compound people, we English, who, not content with the ways
+of our fathers, must needs cross them with our refined and
+scientific innovations.&nbsp; In sooth, this ancient road were a
+fitter subject for an epic poem, than a guide-book gossip.</p>
+<p><a name="page30"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 30</span>Passing
+the Spread Eagle station, the villages of Water Eaton and
+Stretton, are seen on the W., and Rodbaston Hall, with Cannock
+Chase behind, on the E.&nbsp; The turnpike road here runs
+parallel with the line for some distance.&nbsp; At Quarry Bridge,
+a short distance from Penkridge, is a fine quarry of red
+sandstone, which has furnished a handsome material for several
+bridges in the vicinity.&nbsp; From hence the church of
+Penkridge, and the next arch over the line, forms an interesting
+picture, to which the near arch of Quarry Bridge serves as
+framework.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p30.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Penkridge Church from Quarry Bridge"
+title=
+"Penkridge Church from Quarry Bridge"
+src="images/p30.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The church is shortly after passed, on the E., and arriving at
+the bridge over the river Penk, a lovely view of the surrounding
+scenery presents itself.&nbsp; The river appears on both sides,
+winding gracefully along, between meadows and groves; on the E.
+is <a name="page31"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 31</span>the Old
+Bridge, beyond which appears Teddesley Park and Hall, the seat of
+Lord Hatherton, with our old friend Cannock Chase in the
+distance.&nbsp; Westward the eye ranges over the near objects to
+Preston Hill and Longridge, altogether forming a delightful
+prospect.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p31.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Penkridge"
+title=
+"Penkridge"
+src="images/p31.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<h3>Penkridge Station.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+24&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 73&frac12; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Bradley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3&frac34; miles.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Dunstan</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2&frac14; miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Church Eaton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5&frac14; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Acton Trussel</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2&frac34; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Bednall</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Cannock</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Rugeley</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Armitage</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">10&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Malvesyn Ridware</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Longdon</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<blockquote><p><span class="smcap">Penkridge</span> is supposed
+by Camden to have been the Roman Pennocrucium; its modern name
+seems derivable from the river Penk, on which it stands.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The town, from its low situation, is liable to frequent
+inundations.&nbsp; It has no market-day, but two great cattle
+fairs are held here, on April 30, and first Monday in
+September.&nbsp; The Church was made collegiate by King
+John.&nbsp; Penkridge contains about 3,000 inhabitants.&nbsp;
+Quitting Penkridge, the villages of Thickerscote and Silkmoor
+appear in the distance; and shortly after leaving Acton Trussel
+to the E., and Levedale on the W., Dunstan Church, appears above
+the bank of the railway, on the E.&nbsp; The next object of
+interest is Stafford Castle, the tower of which is seen just
+before arriving at</p>
+<h3><a name="page32"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+32</span>STAFFORD STATION.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+29&frac14;&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 68&frac14; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Castlechurch</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1 mile.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Baswick or Berkswick</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1&frac12; mile.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Coppenhall</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2&frac12; miles.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Marston</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3&frac14; miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Houghton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Tixall</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Gnosnal</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Ingestre</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Newport</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">12 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Weston</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Sandon</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Gayton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Stowe</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6&frac34; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Colwich</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6&frac34; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Milwich</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Fradswell</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Hilderston</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Rugeley</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Gratwich</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Abbots Bromley</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Uttoxeter</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">14 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Lichfield</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">17 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<blockquote><p><span class="smcap">Stafford</span> is a borough
+and market town; contains 8,512 inhabitants.&nbsp; This place,
+which is of great antiquity, was anciently called
+<i>Stadeford</i>, from the Saxon Stade, signifying a place on a
+river, and the <i>trajectus</i>, or ford, across the river Sow,
+on which it is pleasantly situated, about six miles from its
+confluence with the Trent.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The entrance from the London road, is by a neat bridge over
+the river, near which was one of the ancient gates.&nbsp; The
+houses are in general well-built, and many of them are handsome
+and modern erections; the streets well paved, and the environs of
+the town abound with elegant mansions and villas.&nbsp;
+Assemblies are held in a suite of rooms in the Town Hall, and
+races take place annually in May.&nbsp; The chief branch of
+manufacture is that of shoes, and the tanning of leather is
+carried on to a considerable extent.&nbsp; Stafford is also
+renowned for its ale, in common with the surrounding
+neighbourhood.&nbsp; The market is held on Saturday, and fairs on
+April 5, May 14, June 25, October 3, and December 5.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p33.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Stafford Castle"
+title=
+"Stafford Castle"
+src="images/p33.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p><a name="page33"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 33</span>From
+the year 700, this place has been gradually acquiring importance,
+and castles have been built and rebuilt by successive princes and
+possessors.&nbsp; In 705, it is said to have been the residence
+of the pious St. Bertalin, son of a Mercian king, and we may well
+imagine a <i>royal</i> hermitage to have formed an attractive
+nucleus for a future city.&nbsp; Ethelfleda, Countess of Mercia,
+erected a castle here in 913, and fortified the town with walls
+and a fosse.&nbsp; It appears to have increased greatly in extent
+and importance, and is in Doomsday Book called a city, in which
+the king had eighteen burgesses in demesne, and the Earl of
+Mercia twenty mansions.&nbsp; William the Conqueror built a
+castle here, to keep the barons in subjection, and appointed as
+governor, Robert de Toeni, the progenitor of the house of
+Stafford.&nbsp; It was rebuilt in the reign of Edward III., and
+in the parliamentary war was garrisoned for the king, but taken
+by the parliamentary troops, and finally demolished.&nbsp; The
+lover of picturesque relics of the olden time, must regret the
+utter destruction of this, and many other strong holds; but the
+knowledge, that the iron-handed tyranny upheld by these feudal
+dens, is for ever gone by with their departed strength, is a
+glorious and surpassing compensation.&nbsp; Where would be our
+railroads, if moss-trooping barons and slavish serfs formed, as
+they once did, the population of England?</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The castellated building which now forms so prominent a
+feature in the landscape on approaching Stafford, is a modern
+erection, on the ancient site, commenced by Lord Stafford, (then
+Sir George Jerningham); <a name="page34"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 34</span>only one front, flanked by two round
+towers was completed; these now contain some ancient armour and
+other curiosities.&nbsp; The County Hall is a spacious and
+handsome building of stone, occupying one side of the
+Market-place.&nbsp; The County Gaol is also a large and modern
+erection, well adapted for the classification of prisoners, who
+are employed at their trades, and receive a certain portion of
+their earnings on discharge.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The Church, dedicated to St. Mary, formerly collegiate, is an
+ancient and spacious cruciform structure, in the early style of
+English architecture, with a lofty octagonal tower rising from
+the intersection.&nbsp; The north entrance is richly ornamented,
+and the interior beautifully arranged, the piers and arches are
+of the early English, passing into the decorated style.&nbsp; The
+east window is an elegant specimen of the later English.&nbsp; In
+the north transept is an ancient font of great beauty, highly
+ornamented with sculptured figures and animals.&nbsp; There are
+many ancient monuments; amongst the most conspicuous, are those
+of the family of Aston, of Tixall.&nbsp; There are two other
+Churches, one, St. Chadd&rsquo;s, originally in the Norman style,
+but much and incongruously altered; also, places of worship for
+the Society of Friends, Independents, Wesleyan Methodists, and
+Roman Catholics.&nbsp; The Free Grammar School was refounded by
+Edward VI.; there are also National and other Schools, and a
+variety of Public Institutions, among which the Infirmary, and
+Lunatic Asylum are the chief.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>In olden times, a Priory of Black Canons existed <a
+name="page35"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 35</span>here, founded
+in 1151; a small part of whose ruined abode remains, in the shape
+of a farm house, two miles east of the town.&nbsp; There were
+likewise, a House of Friars Eremites; a Priory of Franciscan
+Friars, and other monastic establishments, all dismantled at the
+dissolution.&nbsp; The most celebrated native of Stafford, is
+Isaac Walton, the angler, a name well-beloved by all votaries of
+the (so called) &ldquo;<i>gentle</i> sport,&rdquo; though there
+are and have been many who rather think with the Poet, that</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;The quaint, old, cruel coxcomb, in his
+gullet<br />
+Should have a hook, and a small trout to pull it.&rdquo;</p>
+<p style="text-align: right"><span
+class="smcap">Byron</span>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h2><a name="page36"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+36</span>CHAPTER IV.<br />
+STAFFORD TO WHITMORE,<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">Fourteen Miles.</span></h2>
+<p><span class="smcap">In</span> leaving Stafford station, the
+Castle appears to the W. and the Town, E. of the line.&nbsp;
+Beacon Hill is seen immediately over the latter.&nbsp; On
+proceeding a short distance through a flat country, the little
+village of Aston is passed on the W., and Creswell Hall, (Rev. T.
+Whitley,) on the E., which, encompassed by richly wooded grounds,
+and overlooking the meanderings of the little river Sow, forms a
+fine object in the general landscape.&nbsp; The house is a plain,
+neat structure.&nbsp; Much of the ground here is marshy, and
+abounds with willows, whose light silvery foliage agreeably
+diversifies the meadow and woodland scenery; amid which, on the
+W., peeps the pretty tower of Seighford Church.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Passing two successive cuttings of no great depth, and through
+a marshy district adorned by poplar and willow trees, we arrive
+at</p>
+<h3>Bridgeford Station.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+32&frac34;&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 64&frac34; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Seighford</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1 mile.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Ranton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2&frac34; miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Ellenhall</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Norbury</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><a name="page37"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 37</span>On the
+E. is Bridgeford Hall, the estate of J. Reynolds, Esq., formerly
+a Convent.&nbsp; Some remains of the ancient buildings still
+exist in different parts of the hall and garden.</p>
+<blockquote><p>A story of a subterranean passage also belongs to
+this relic of olden times, which passage, says tradition, leads
+to Ellenhall, about two miles distant; and we have been told that
+in digging a well a few years since the passage was
+discovered.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>A picturesque Mill stands near the Hall.&nbsp; Passing Chebsey
+W., and Whitgreave on the E., we reach Shallowford, where a few
+scattered cottages represent the honours of the Village, and the
+Sow, which almost emulates the winding propensities of the fair
+river Wye, meanders quietly among the meadows.&nbsp; At
+Shallowford Bridge, which is chiefly built for the convenience of
+farmers, whose cattle and teams are constantly traversing it, a
+person is generally stationed with a red flag to give a signal
+for trains to slacken their speed at this part, if cattle are
+passing at the time.</p>
+<p>A pleasant but not very interesting portion of the line brings
+us to</p>
+<h3>Norton Bridge Station.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+35&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 62&frac12; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Chebsey</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1&frac14; mile.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Stone</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3 miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Eccleshall</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2&frac12; miles.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Swinnerton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Standon</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Hilderston</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6&frac14; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>High Oftley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Barlaston</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Adbaston</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Fulford</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Cheswardine</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Trentham</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Hinstock</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">13 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Draycott</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Lane End</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">10 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Cheadle</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">14 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<blockquote><p><a name="page38"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+38</span><span class="smcap">Two</span> miles and a half W. of
+this station lies the small town of Eccleshall, which at the time
+of the Conquest belonged to the See of Lichfield.&nbsp; In 1200,
+Bishop Muschamp obtained a licence from King John, to embattle
+the episcopal residence; which was much repaired, or rebuilt, by
+Bishop Langton in 1310.&nbsp; During the parliamentary war it was
+so much damaged in a siege, previously to being taken by the
+parliamentarians, as to be unfit for the further residence of the
+church-militant commanders-in-chief, until Bishop Lloyd rebuilt
+it in 1695; since which time it has continued to be the episcopal
+palace of the See of Lichfield and Coventry.&nbsp; The grounds
+and woods belonging to the palace are pleasant and
+extensive.&nbsp; The church was the sanctuary of Queen Margaret,
+after Lord Audley&rsquo;s defeat by the Earl of Salisbury, at
+Blore Heath.&nbsp; It is a spacious structure, in the ancient
+English style of architecture, and contains several
+monuments.</p>
+<p>The town of Stone lies three miles E. of the line, and is not
+seen from it; the name is traditionally derived from a monumental
+heap of stones, which, according to the custom of the Saxons had
+been placed over the bodies of the princes Wulford and Rufinus,
+who were here slain by their father king Wulphere, on account of
+their conversion to Christianity.&nbsp; [<i>See page</i> 20.] The
+king himself becoming subsequently a convert, founded, in 670, a
+college of Secular Canons, dedicating it to his children, in
+expiation of his crime: and to this establishment the town is
+supposed to owe its origin.&nbsp; The prevailing manufacture is
+that of shoes.&nbsp; Population, 7,808.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Although none of the towns in the great district called the
+Potteries, are upon or even seen from the line of route, yet they
+lie so near, that it would scarcely be well to omit all mention
+of this great manufacturing neighbourhood, which encloses about
+ten square miles of country, covered with scattered villages, and
+containing about 20,000 inhabitants.&nbsp; Although the making of
+articles of pottery has been carried on here from a remote
+period, yet the manufacture was of inferior <a
+name="page39"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 39</span>importance,
+until the great improvements effected by Mr. Wedgewood in the
+latter part of the last century; since which time the excellence
+and beauty of the wares, have produced a most extensive traffic
+both in England and abroad.&nbsp; The exports of earthenware and
+china to the United States alone, amount to 60,000 packages
+annually.&nbsp; The several species of ware invented by Mr.
+Wedgewood, varied by the industry and ingenuity of the
+manufacturers into an infinity of forms, and differently painted
+and embellished, constitute nearly the whole of the fine
+earthenwares at present manufactured in England, which are the
+object of a very extensive trade.&nbsp; The chief towns and
+villages in the Pottery district are, Stoke-upon-Trent, Hanley,
+Burslem, Lane End, Shelton, Etruria, Tunstall, Lane Delph, and
+others.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Proceeding from Norton Bridge, through some pretty,
+common-place country, we pass Baddenhall, Field Cross, and
+Brockton-house on the W., and Coldmese on the E., and soon gain a
+view of Swinnerton Park and Hall, seat of T. Fitzherbert, Esq.,
+which, with the small grove-like woods scattered through the
+landscape, forms, as the quaint Dugdale would say, &ldquo;a verye
+faire prospect.&rdquo;&nbsp; The next small representation of a
+village is Mill Meese, with its old Hall standing close beside
+the line; the water-mill wheel, formerly accustomed to have no
+rival sound interrupt its rumbling, splashing solo, now seems
+wofully outdone by the rapidly rolling trains, and lifts up its
+unheard voice in vain.&nbsp; The river Sow still flows close to
+the line.&nbsp; Westward lie the villages of Walford and Aspley,
+<a name="page40"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 40</span>but too
+much concealed by wood to be discovered in passing.&nbsp;
+Trentham Park, seat of the Marquis of Sutherland, is perceived on
+the N.E.&nbsp; The mansion is a modern structure; the surrounding
+grounds are very extensive, abound with fine timber, and greatly
+adorned by lakes, formed by the river Trent, which flows through
+the park.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Standon Church, with the richly wooded country round, forms a
+pleasing object W. of the line.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p40.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Standon Church"
+title=
+"Standon Church"
+src="images/p40.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Passing on, another Swinnerton Park appears on the E., there
+being two of that name.&nbsp; Hill Chorlton and Chapel Chorlton,
+with the picturesque church tower of the latter, appears W. of
+the traveller.&nbsp; A short distance of pretty wooded scenery
+intervenes, and then <a name="page41"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 41</span>a shallow cutting, passing which,
+Maer Wood is seen on the W.&nbsp; Maer Hall, seat of J.
+Wedgewood, Esq.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Shortly after, the line enters a deep cutting, which ends
+at</p>
+<h3>WHITMORE STATION.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+43&frac14;&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 54&frac14; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Maer</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1&frac34; mile.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Newcastle-under-Lyme</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Chapel Chorlton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3 miles.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Trentham</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Ashley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Wolstanton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Standon</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Shelton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Broughton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Stoke</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Mucklestone or Muxton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Burslem</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Norton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Hanley</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Market Drayton</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">10 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Tunstall</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Lane End</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Norton-on-the-Moor</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Leek</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">16 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h2><a name="page42"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+42</span>CHAPTER V.<br />
+WHITMORE TO CREWE,<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">Ten and &frac34; Miles.</span></h2>
+<p><span class="smcap">An</span> extensive heathy bog is
+traversed by the line, after leaving Whitmore station, and, as we
+have heard an ancient tradition anent it, will tell the tale for
+the edification of our readers, &ldquo;extenuating
+nothing.&rdquo;</p>
+<blockquote><p>Once upon a time there was a large forest in this
+part, and when the Romans were amusing themselves with hunting
+our worthy ancestors, a large body of the ancient Britons took
+refuge therein.&nbsp; In order to come at them these terrible
+Romans set fire to the forest, which burnt in a very fearful and
+dreadful manner; but our information does not extend to the exact
+measure of scorching endured by the miserable prisoners within
+this fiery fence, or whether they escaped by flight, or were
+consumed wholesale in the burning forest, which, with the
+accumulation of vegetable matter during past ages, has formed the
+bog, now &ldquo;passed with the swiftness of
+tornado-blast,&rdquo; by &ldquo;Wildfires&rdquo; and
+&ldquo;Rockets.&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Opposite the Bog-house is one of the highest points of the
+line, the road inclining towards Liverpool one way, and towards
+Birmingham the other.&nbsp; Snape Hall is prettily situated among
+rich woods on the E. of the line; and a short distance farther
+Barr Hill appears on the W.&nbsp; It is a considerable elevation,
+and on a clear day, Liverpool may be seen from it.&nbsp; Madeley
+Parks <a name="page43"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 43</span>and
+Manor House lie W. of the line.&nbsp; The latter is the seat of
+Lady Cunliffe, daughter of Lord Crewe, to whose family, the
+adjoining land, formerly a fine deer park, anciently
+belonged.&nbsp; Hay House, a small, old, brick building, stands
+close to the line of railway on the E.&nbsp; One cannot help
+feeling an odd sort of commiseration for these ancient abodes of
+the last generation, which have stood, and grown old and grey, in
+the once quiet and out-of-the-world nooks where the convenience
+of the farmer, or the retired taste of the small country squire,
+had located them; and now, to see the iron ribs of the innovating
+railroad carried up to their very threshold, has something of
+sadness in it, even in the midst of our modern pride and
+gratulation.&nbsp; It is like pert youth, exhibiting and vaunting
+of its strength and valorous deeds, to decrepid and helpless
+age.&nbsp; But what have we to do with such dreams?&nbsp;
+&ldquo;Locomotives&rdquo; wait for no man&rsquo;s fancies, and we
+must e&rsquo;en follow their course.&nbsp; Soon after passing
+which, we reach</p>
+<h3>Madeley Station.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+46&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 51&frac12; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Woore</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2&frac12; miles.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Betley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3 miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Norton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Newcastle</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Mucklestone or Muxton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Audlem</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Adderley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Burley Dam</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Whitchurch</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">15 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class="smcap">The</span> village, which is rather
+eastward of the line, consists chiefly of cottages and farm
+houses in the <a name="page44"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+44</span>Elizabethan style.&nbsp; The Church is an ancient and
+interesting structure, with a fine set of bells.&nbsp; An
+eccentric, named Samuel Stretch, noted for his penurious habits,
+bequeathed, in 1804, a great bell, to be tolled every night at
+eight o&rsquo;clock, as a guide to persons wandering about at
+such late and improper hours; he having accidently fallen into a
+ditch, the consequences of which disaster eventually caused his
+death.&nbsp; The small town of Woore lies three miles W.&nbsp;
+Passing several slight cuttings, and again gaining the open
+country, a fine prospect appears, including Checkley Wood,
+Doddington Park, on the W., Heighley Castle on the E., and the
+Welsh Hills in the distance.&nbsp; Doddington Hall, seat of
+Lieut. Gen. Sir John Delves Broughton, Bart., is a splendid
+mansion of comparatively modern erection.&nbsp; A fortified house
+was erected here in 1364, by Sir John Delves, the venerable ruins
+of which still remain.&nbsp; The park is finely wooded, and
+includes a very noble avenue of ancient oaks.&nbsp; Heighley
+Castle partakes the traditionary honour so lavishly bestowed on
+such places, of having been &ldquo;battered down&rdquo; by
+Cromwell.&nbsp; It has been said, &ldquo;no man can be in two
+places at once, unless he be a <i>bird</i>.&rdquo;&nbsp; And our
+renowned Oliver must needs have been wonderfully endowed with
+this ornithological ubiquity, if we are to allow a shade of
+credence to the countless and unaccountable stories of his sieges
+in <i>propria person&aacute;</i>.&nbsp; A lofty embankment and
+two viaducts carry the line through the pretty valley of
+Wrinehill; the Hall and Mill forming very pleasing objects in the
+scene.&nbsp; The line here enters Cheshire.&nbsp; Betley and
+Betley Mere form the next view, after emerging from a short
+excavation, called <a name="page45"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+45</span>Bunker&rsquo;s Hill.&nbsp; Betley Court, the residence
+of J. Twemlow, Esq., with its surrounding woods and fields, and
+the pretty mere or lakelet in front, afford a very pleasing
+view.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>In the rear distance, S.E., is a fine view of Boond Hill and
+Mow Copp, on the round summit of the latter is a stone monument,
+distinctly seen.&nbsp; These hills, which lie at a considerable
+distance, join in the landscape for some space.&nbsp; Chorlton is
+the first village we pass in Cheshire, and Wybunbury, a place of
+much more importance, is concealed by the woods about the former,
+except the Church, which peers above them.&nbsp; This Church was
+rebuilt in 1595; it is a spacious structure, with carved wooden
+ceilings, and a lofty pinnacled tower, which leaned so much to
+the N.E., that a few years since it was found requisite to place
+it erect, when some alterations were made in the body of the
+Church.&nbsp; To the W. is Basford Hall, soon after passing
+which, we arrive at</p>
+<h3>Basford Station.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+52&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 45&frac12; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Place E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Hough</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&frac12; mile.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Betley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2 miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Wybunbury</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1&frac14; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Barthomley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Walgherton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2 miles.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Audley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Doddington</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Alsager</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Nantwich</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Talk</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Audlem</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Church Lawton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Burley Dam</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Baddiley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Wrenbury</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class="smcap">Crewe Hall</span>, the mansion of Lord
+Crewe, which <a name="page46"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+46</span>appears E. of the line, is a large and handsome
+quadrangular structure of red brick, surrounded by finely
+undulating grounds, and a lake of considerable extent.</p>
+<h3>CREWE STATION.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+54&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 43&frac12; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Nantwich</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4 miles.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Haslington</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2 miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Acton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5&frac14; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Sandbach</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Baddiley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Astbury</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">10 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Wrenbury</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Congleton</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Malpas</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">17 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Gawsworth</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">13&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Macclesfield</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">19 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class="smcap">Nantwich</span>, four miles W. of Crewe,
+contains 5,350 inhabitants, and has a market on Saturdays, and
+fairs, chiefly for cattle, on March 26, second Tuesday in June,
+September 4, and December 4.</p>
+<blockquote><p>Previously to the Conquest, the wealth of this
+place consisted in its numerous brine springs.&nbsp; Its origin
+is attributed to the Britons; and its name appears to be derived
+from the British word <i>Nant</i>, a brook or marsh, and the
+Saxon <i>vic</i>, by corruption <i>wich</i>, a vill, or
+settlement.&nbsp; The latter term seems generally attached to the
+names of towns where salt is made.&nbsp; This town has had its
+full share of plague, pestilence, and war, in times past, and
+twice suffered greatly from fire, in the years 1438 and
+1583.&nbsp; During the civil war it staunchly supported the
+parliament.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The town is situated on the banks of the river Weaver, in a
+level and fertile tract of country.&nbsp; Most of the houses are
+of timber and brick, covered with plaster, with projecting
+stories, and large bay-windows.&nbsp; There is a small Theatre
+and Assembly-room.&nbsp; In the time of Henry VIII., there were
+three hundred salt <a name="page47"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+47</span>works; this number has been gradually reduced, in
+consequence of superior mines and springs being discovered
+elsewhere, and now only one spring remains.&nbsp; Shoes, gloves,
+and cotton goods are the chief manufactures now, and cheese the
+principal agricultural produce.&nbsp; The Church is a spacious
+and venerable structure, in the decorated and later English
+styles, comprising a nave, with lateral aisles, a chancel,
+transepts, and an ornamented octagonal tower, rising from the
+intersection.&nbsp; There are Meetings and Chapels for
+Dissenters, and various Schools.&nbsp; John Gerarde, whose fine
+old work, called Gerarde&rsquo;s Herbal, is familiar to every
+botanist, was a native of Nantwich, born in 1545.</p>
+<h2><a name="page48"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+48</span>CHAPTER VI.<br />
+CREWE TO HARTFORD,<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">Eleven and &frac34; Miles.</span></h2>
+<p><span class="smcap">Quitting</span> the Crewe station, around
+which is little to attract the traveller&rsquo;s notice, the line
+proceeds nearly without a curve, and for some distance enables
+the passengers of one train, to observe the approach of
+another.&nbsp; A branch railway is in progress from Crewe, to
+Manchester on one side, and to Chester on the other.&nbsp; The
+tower of Coppenhall Church is the first object on the W.&nbsp;
+This Church is an old wood and plaster structure, of the style
+prevalent in the reign of Elizabeth, and looking almost as if
+modern times had forgotten it, so quaint and old it is.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Passing the Church and Village, we arrive at</p>
+<h3>Coppenhall Station.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+56&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 41&frac12; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Minshull Moss</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2 miles.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Coppenhall Moss</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1 mile.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Lea Green</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Warmingham</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3 miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Leighton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Sandbach</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Church Minshull</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Worleston Green</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Acton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><a name="page49"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 49</span><span
+class="smcap">The</span> country near the line in this part
+becomes flat, boggy, and uninteresting; for though an ancient
+moss is a scene of uncloying interest to a naturalist, and
+contains many a treasure to reward the patient seeking of the
+botanist; yet, in the cursory glance of a railroad traveller, its
+sombre, and, as he perhaps thinks, unprofitable waste, is a scene
+gladly exchanged for verdant pastures and waving corn
+fields.&nbsp; Here is a whole family of mosses, all lying closely
+contiguous, and quaking under the foot of the pedestrian wanderer
+among their heathy labyrinths, &ldquo;like a great jelly
+bag,&rdquo; as the graphic authoress of &ldquo;Wood
+Leighton,&rdquo; that most graceful, good, and womanly book,
+quaintly describes a like spot.&nbsp; Coppenhall Moss, Leighton
+Moss, Warmington Moss, and, for aught we know, half a score more,
+compose the near view, with the welcome variety afforded by
+Warmingham Wood in the distance.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The towns of Sandbach and Congleton lie on the E., but are not
+seen from the line.&nbsp; The former contains about 7,200
+inhabitants.&nbsp; The market is on Thursday, and fairs on Easter
+Tuesday and Wednesday, and the first Thursday after September 11;
+and a cattle and pleasure fair on December 27, for cattle and
+wearing apparel.&nbsp; In the market-place are some ancient
+crosses, repaired in 1816.&nbsp; The church is in the later
+English style.&nbsp; There are Dissenting Chapels, and several
+Schools.&nbsp; Congleton contains 9,352 individuals.&nbsp; It is
+an ancient place, and is called <i>Cogletone</i> in Doomsday
+Book, but its origin has not been clearly ascertained.&nbsp; The
+town is situated in a valley, embosomed in richly wooded hills:
+the eastern part is old and <a name="page50"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 50</span>irregularly built; the western is
+modern.&nbsp; In the environs, especially on the banks of the
+river, are many elegant mansions and villas.&nbsp; The market is
+on Saturday; the fairs on the Thursday before Shrovetide, May 12,
+July 12, and December 22.&nbsp; The Market-house, containing a
+handsome Assembly-room, was built in 1822, at the sole expense of
+Sir E. Antrobus, Bart.</p>
+<h3>Minshull Vernon Station.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+58&frac34;&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 38&frac34; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Church Minshull</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2 miles.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Warmingham</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2&frac12; miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Bunbury</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6&frac34; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Sandbach</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Tattenhall</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">12 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Harthill</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">12&frac14; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class="smcap">Here</span> the scenery becomes more
+interesting, from the distant view afforded on the W. of Beeston
+Castle Hill, and the high lands in Cheshire and Wales.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p50.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Beeston Hill"
+title=
+"Beeston Hill"
+src="images/p50.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p><a name="page51"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+51</span>Beeston Castle was founded by Ranulph de Blundeville,
+about 1220, and was made a royal garrison, in the war between
+Henry III., and the confederate Barons.&nbsp; In 1643, Beeston
+Castle was held by a detachment of the Parliamentarian forces,
+then taken by the Royalists, who were, after a long siege in
+1645, compelled, from want of provisions, to surrender it; and
+the Parliamentarians dismantled it early the following
+year.&nbsp; The ruins consist of part of a tower which guarded
+the principal entrance to the inner court, flanked by
+semi-circular bastions, and surrounded by a moat, excavated in
+the solid rock.&nbsp; The outer walls were defended by eight
+round towers, irregularly placed, and are now covered with
+ivy.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>On the N.W. appears Delamere Forest, which continues to form
+part of the railroad prospect for some space.&nbsp; This tract,
+which includes the ancient and royal forest of Delamere, was
+uninclosed till 1812, when it was erected into a parish by act of
+parliament.&nbsp; It was formerly a dreary waste, but is now
+rapidly improving in fertility and increased population.&nbsp; On
+its enclosure, it first gave the title of Baron Delamere of Vale
+Royal, to Thomas Cholmondeley, Esq., the proprietor of the
+ancient possessions of the Cistercian monks of Vale Royal, whose
+sumptuous Abbey was completed in 1330, by Edward I., and cost
+&pound;32,000.&nbsp; There are races in March, called the
+Tanfield Hunt.</p>
+<blockquote><p>Delamere Forest, comprising about 10,000 acres,
+once contained a great number of red and fallow deer: it exhibits
+a pleasing variety of well-wooded hills, rich valleys for
+pasturage, waters affording plenty of fish and water-fowl; and
+mosses, producing an abundance of peat and turf for fuel.&nbsp;
+Upon the highest hill stood the Saxon fortress of Finborrow, and
+near it the city of Eadesbury, both of which are said to have
+been founded by Ethelfleda, daughter of Alfred the Great.&nbsp;
+The ancient residence of the Chief Forester is all that now
+remains; this house is called the <a name="page52"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 52</span>Chamber of the Forest; and at
+convenient distances around it are neat lodges for the keepers of
+the several walks.&nbsp; Five thousand acres of the forest have
+been planted with forest trees within the last twenty
+years.&nbsp; The remaining portion is sold or allotted to private
+individuals.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Journeying on, we pass Lea Hall, a plain, old-fashioned
+building, close to the line, and can just perceive Over Church
+above the trees; this part of the line being more clothed with
+wood than that we have recently described.&nbsp; Here the
+Middlewich Canal is crossed, and is seen on the E., in which
+direction, two miles from the line, lies the town of Middlewich,
+containing about 4,800 inhabitants, with a market on Thursday,
+and fairs on Holy Thursday, Aug. 25, and Oct. 29.&nbsp; The name
+of this town is derived from its central situation with respect
+to the Wiches, or Salt Towns.&nbsp; A Roman station is supposed
+to have existed here, from the remains of a Roman road, and an
+intrenched camp.&nbsp; The Royalists were defeated here during
+the civil war, and the same fortune befel the Parliamentarian
+forces subsequently.&nbsp; The town is divided by the Grand Trunk
+Canal, here crossed by the river Dane; and the rivers Weyer,
+Croco, and Whelock, also run through the parish.&nbsp; The chief
+trade consists in salt obtained from powerful brine-springs:
+there are also some silk manufactories.&nbsp; The church, being
+built at various periods, presents an assemblage of different
+styles of architecture: it has a handsome tower.&nbsp; Here are
+also dissenting meetings, and a free school, which, like many
+like establishments, fulfils, but in a very limited degree, the
+intentions of its founders.&nbsp; Delamere Forest and Over Church
+again form the westerly view.</p>
+<p><a name="page53"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 53</span>The
+small straggling town of Over lies about a mile W. of the line;
+it contains 2,930 inhabitants; has no market, but fairs on May 15
+and Sept.&nbsp; 25.&nbsp; The church was re-built in 1543, by
+Hugh Starkey, Gentleman Usher to Henry VIII., in the later
+English style of architecture.&nbsp; An effigy of brass in the
+interior of the church, perpetuates the memory of the pious Hugh;
+a curious font, and some other antiquities, may also be
+seen.&nbsp; Salt is the chief manufacture.&nbsp; In the extreme
+distance on the S.E., a clear day allows a tolerable view of the
+Derbyshire hills from this part of the line; Stanthorne Hall,
+seat of Richard Dutton, Esq., also E., is passed immediately
+before reaching the</p>
+<h3>Winsford Station.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+61&frac14;&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 36&frac14; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Over</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2 miles.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Middlewich</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2 miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Little Budworth</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5&frac14; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Brereton cum Smethwick</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Tarporley</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Swettenham</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Waverton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">15 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Nether Alderley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">14&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class="smcap">Bostock Hall</span>, seat of James France
+France, Esq., and Wharton, <i>would</i> be seen E. from the
+railroad after leaving the station, but that the line enters a
+shallow cutting; the banks of which hide the view &ldquo;just at
+the very time when they should not.&rdquo;&nbsp; An opening gives
+a glimpse of the woods about the house, and that is all.&nbsp;
+The next peep is westward again, at Moulson: and after passing
+another cutting (this word <i>cutting</i> is an inelegant term,
+which does not fall into our prose with ease; but we cannot avoid
+it, belonging, as it <a name="page54"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 54</span>does, to railroad phraseology) we
+gain a view of Vale Royal Park and New Park on the W., the
+pleasant woodland glades of which are soon shut out by another
+cutting which takes us through Eaton, and by Eaton Hall, seat of
+Sir E. Antrobus.&nbsp; We now approach one of the most
+magnificent parts of the railway, and of the scenery skirting it;
+the Vale Royal Viaduct, over which the line passes for five
+hundred feet, and beneath which the river Weaver winds through
+the vale in graceful sweeps, girt with verdant meadows; on the E.
+it is crossed by the simple old bridge, now looking very humble,
+in the presence of its magnificent neighbour.&nbsp; The viaduct
+consists of five arches of immense span, it is built of a reddish
+stone, and is a noble erection.&nbsp; The traveller will do well
+to be alert and on the &ldquo;look out&rdquo; in this part, or
+the view will escape him.&nbsp; Westward lies Vale Royal Park,
+rich in the grandeur of its ancient woods, and nearly hidden
+among them is Delamere Abbey, the old and venerable seat of Lord
+Delamere.&nbsp; Little remains now of the ancient building, which
+was not, as described by Warton in his Elegy, seen &ldquo;high
+o&rsquo;er the trackless heath,&rdquo; but was seated in a deep
+valley on the banks of the river Weaver.&nbsp; The present
+mansion consists of a centre and two wings of red stone.&nbsp;
+The great hall is a magnificent apartment.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p55.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Vale Royal Viaduct"
+title=
+"Vale Royal Viaduct"
+src="images/p55.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p>The marvellous enlightenment of the 19th century,
+great as we deem it, has not yet penetrated those holes and
+corners of prejudice and credulity, which serve for the hiding
+places of superstition, for even in the eye of the Railroad
+itself are those living who speak with awe of the so-called
+prophecies, said to be made by the poor driveller Robert Nixon,
+the Cheshire sage.&nbsp; It so happens, very <a
+name="page55"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 55</span>oddly, that
+predictions are sometimes remembered <i>when</i> verified, and
+not before.&nbsp; So was the curious and very oracular one of the
+past year, so often quoted,&mdash;</p>
+<p>&ldquo;A summer without a spring,<br />
+And an autumn without a king,&rdquo;</p>
+<p>which no one can deny was very remarkable indeed&mdash;only it
+was too disloyal to be circulated till certainty had secured its
+truth.&nbsp; Poor Nixon wishing, doubtlessly, to compliment his
+patrons, the Cholmondeley family, with a
+&ldquo;May-the-king-live-for-ever&rdquo; kind of benediction,
+promised that till certain stones or rocks near Warrington came
+to Vale Royal, the prosperity of their family should
+continue.&nbsp; Unluckily, stones have grown locomotive of late,
+and &ldquo;Birnam Wood doth come to Dunsinane,&rdquo; for the
+fatal rocks have become part of the grand viaduct, which, far
+from bringing ill to the noble Delamere, is a link in the mighty
+chain now weaving, which shall bind together art, science,
+talent, wealth, and greatness, for the good of all who are so
+blessed as to live in the age of <span
+class="GutSmall">RAILROADS.</span></p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The line passes through a deep cutting before arriving at
+the</p>
+<h3>HARTFORD STATION.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+65&frac34;&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 31&frac34; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Newchurch</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2&frac14; miles.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Davenham</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1&frac12; miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Little Budworth</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Northwich</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Tarporley</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Great Budworth</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Tarvin</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">10 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Nether Knutsford</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Great Barrow</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rostherne</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">10&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Guilden Sutton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">13 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Mobberley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Waverton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">13&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Wilmslow</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">15&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Christleton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">13&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Chester</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">16 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h2><a name="page56"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+56</span>CHAPTER VII.<br />
+HARTFORD TO WARRINGTON,<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">Twelve and &frac14; Miles.</span></h2>
+<p><span class="smcap">Proceeding</span> from the Hartford
+station, the banks of the cutting conceal much of the
+scenery.&nbsp; The small and scattered village of Gorstage
+appears on the W.&nbsp; From Hartford station to Acton station
+the evenness of the ground renders a train visible to a
+spectator, at either place, the entire distance.</p>
+<blockquote><p>The town of Northwich lies two miles E. of the
+railway; has a market on Friday, and fairs on April 10, for
+cattle only, August 2, and December 6.&nbsp; Camden is of
+opinion, that the brine springs here were used by the Romans, and
+says, the town was anciently called Hellah-Du, or the Black Salt
+Town.&nbsp; The town has a very antique appearance, and contains
+a church very remarkable for its semi-circular choir, and for the
+curious decorations of the roof of the nave, which consist of
+numerous figures of wicker baskets, similar to those used in the
+process of salt-making.&nbsp; The commercial prosperity of
+Northwich, is entirely dependent upon its numerous brine springs
+and extensive mines of rock salt; in which article the trade is
+so great, as to produce an annual export of 100,000 tons from the
+springs alone.&nbsp; They were discovered at a very early period,
+and are usually more than one hundred yards in depth.&nbsp; The
+brine, being raised by pumps set in motion by steam-engines, is
+conveyed by pipes into pans, thirty or forty feet square: these
+are fixed over furnaces, the heat arising from which, causes the
+water to evaporate, and the salt to crystallise; it is then <a
+name="page57"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 57</span>drained and
+dried, and is fit for sale.&nbsp; The mines of rock salt were
+discovered in 1670, the upper stratum, lying about sixty yards
+below the surface of the earth, is ten yards thick.&nbsp; About
+1772, a second stratum, ten feet thick, and of superior quality,
+was discovered, at the depth of one hundred and ten yards, the
+intermediate space being occupied by a solid mass of stone.&nbsp;
+This latter bed alone is worked by the following process:&mdash;A
+shaft is sunk, and on reaching the mine a roof of salt is left,
+supported by pillars of the same material.&nbsp; As the
+excavation proceeds, the fragments are raised in buckets by means
+of steam-engines.&nbsp; The pits form an area of two, three, or
+four acres, and when illuminated, present a singularly beautiful
+and magnificent appearance; the light being reflected from all
+points in every variety of hue, as from a promiscuous assemblage
+of mirrors and prisms.&nbsp; This fairy palace was the scene of
+an elegant entertainment, given by the spirited proprietors, to
+about a hundred of the members of the British Association, during
+the meeting at Liverpool, in 1837.</p>
+<p>From an account published in 1818, it appeared that 200,000
+tons of manufactured salt, and upwards of 40,000 tons of rock
+salt, were landed at Liverpool during the preceding year, and
+that upwards of 280,000 bushels are annually sold for internal
+consumption, by far the greatest proportion having been obtained
+in this neighbourhood; since that period the business has
+materially increased.&nbsp; The river Weaver and the Grand Trunk
+Canal afford great facilities for water-carriage from Northwich;
+and three hundred vessels are employed in the salt trade alone,
+which return laden with coal.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Passing through one or two slight cuttings, the line commands
+a fine view of Grange Hall, which stands on a well-wooded hill,
+near to the railway on the W.&nbsp; Eastward, is the village of
+Weaverham, and Winnington Hall, and, in the distance, the Overton
+Hills.&nbsp; The cutting at Acton Heath terminates near the</p>
+<h3><a name="page58"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 58</span>Acton
+Station.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+68&frac14;&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 29&frac14; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Crowton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1&frac12; mile.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Weaverham</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1 mile.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Cuddington</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1&frac34; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Barnton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3 miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Kingsley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3 miles.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Great Budworth</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Delamere House</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Tarvin</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">10&frac14; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class="smcap">Having</span> left Acton, the prospect is
+much impeded for some distance by the frequent cuttings through
+which the line passes; in the intervals, the Overton Hills appear
+on the W.&nbsp; Aston Hall (seat of the late H. C. Aston, Esq.)
+and grounds are shortly seen on the E., and immediately in front
+lies Dutton Wood.&nbsp; The traveller now approaches the
+magnificent viaduct crossing the river Weaver and the valley of
+Dutton.</p>
+<blockquote><p>This gigantic structure exceeds in magnitude
+anything of the kind yet accomplished in this country, or perhaps
+in Europe, not even excepting the Menai Bridge.&nbsp; The Viaduct
+is of the Gothic order, formed of red sand-stone procured from
+the neighbourhood of Bolton and Runcorn; it consists of twenty
+arches, of sixty feet span, and sixty feet in height, and the
+battlements add twelve feet more to the height; the whole length
+is 1,400 feet: 700,000 cubic feet of stone have been used in the
+work&mdash;the whole cost was &pound;50,000.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The grandeur of this stupendous work is greatly enhanced by
+the richness and beauty of the adjacent country.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p59.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Dutton Viaduct"
+title=
+"Dutton Viaduct"
+src="images/p59.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p><i>Completion of the Dutton Viaduct</i>.&nbsp; On
+Friday, January 9, 1837, was performed the ceremony of laying the
+last, or key stone, of <a name="page59"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 59</span>the magnificent viaduct across the
+Weaver, at Dutton.&nbsp; A party of the directors from Liverpool
+attended, and were met by Mr. Locke, the engineer, and the
+resident engineers and contractors on the line.&nbsp; Mr.
+Heyworth, as the senior director present, after placing the last
+stone in its bed, addressed the party.&nbsp; He congratulated the
+workmen (of whom about one hundred and fifty were present) on
+their steady perseverance and diligence in bringing to perfection
+so noble a work: he rejoiced to find, that, in the erection of
+this, the greatest and first structure of its kind in the
+kingdom, no life or limb had been sacrificed.&nbsp; Mr. Locke,
+the engineer, and the Rev. W. Stanhope, also addressed the
+meeting.&nbsp; The health of the workmen was then given by Mr.
+Locke, amid hearty cheers.&nbsp; In the evening, the viaduct was
+illuminated with torches, and fireworks were displayed in great
+abundance; during which time the workmen were regaled with a good
+dinner and excellent cheer.&mdash;<i>Chester Courant</i>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The traveller who would enjoy glimpses of railroad views, must
+bear in mind the velocity of his conveyance, and prepare to
+&ldquo;see whatever can be seen,&rdquo; or the most important
+objects will have glanced by the windows of his comfortable
+locomotive arm-chair coach, before any second person can warn him
+of their presence.&nbsp; Emerging from a cutting, which
+immediately succeeds the viaduct, Dutton Hall is observed on the
+E. backed by wood.&nbsp; A short distance farther, a fine
+rear-view is obtained (only by outside passengers we fear) of the
+Weaver, the vale of Dutton, Cogshall Park beyond, and in the
+distance the range of Derbyshire Hills.&nbsp; Passing between
+Bird Wood and Dutton Wood, we reach the tunnel at Preston Brook,
+110 yards in length, over which the Chester road passes.</p>
+<h3><a name="page60"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+60</span>Preston Brook Station.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+72&frac12;&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 25 miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Frodsham</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3 miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Ince</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Plemondstall</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">10&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Thornton Le Moors</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Guilden Sutton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Stoak or Stoke</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">12&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Chester</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">13 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Backford</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">14 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class="smcap">Preston</span>, though a small place, is
+one of considerable traffic, from its vicinity to the salt
+districts, and to the Grand Trunk Canal.</p>
+<blockquote><p>Frodsham lies three miles W. of the line at this
+part; it has a market on Saturday, and fairs on May 15, and
+August 21.&nbsp; The principal branch of trade is salt refining,
+besides which, there are flour mills and cotton factories.&nbsp;
+This place is mentioned in Doomsday Book, as being the property
+of the Earl of Chester.&nbsp; The town, situated on an eminence
+on the banks of the Weaver, near its confluence with the Mersey,
+consists of a broad street, a mile in length; at the E. end is a
+bridge of four arches over the Weaver, and at the W. end
+anciently stood a Norman castle; another street leads to the
+Church, an ancient structure, partly in the Norman style of
+architecture.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Norton Priory, the residence of Sir Richard Brooke, Bart., is
+seen on the W.&nbsp; A religious establishment formerly existed
+here, some ancient parts of which are included in the present
+mansion.&nbsp; The Duke of Bridgewater&rsquo;s canal runs through
+the park.&nbsp; In the rear of Norton Priory, as seen from the
+railway, is the now busy and important town of Runcorn,
+containing 10,326 inhabitants.</p>
+<blockquote><p><a name="page61"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+61</span>In 915, Ethelfleda, sister to King Edward the Elder,
+widow of Ethelred, King of Mercia, built a town and castle near
+the river Mersey, at this place, some traces of which are still
+visible.&nbsp; In 1133, William Fitz Nigel founded here a
+monastery of canons regular, which, in the reign of Stephen, was
+removed to Norton Priory above mentioned.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Runcorn is a place of considerable resort for bathing, and has
+been recently much enlarged, and improved by handsome buildings,
+&amp;c.&nbsp; The township abounds with fine stone quarries, from
+which great quantities are sent by water to Liverpool,
+Manchester, &amp;c.&nbsp; Here are extensive chemical and soap
+works, in connexion with which a chimney of 273 feet in height,
+and of great beauty, has recently been erected.&nbsp; The church
+is in the early and later styles of English architecture.&nbsp;
+Near Runcorn are the fine ruins of Halton Castle, situated on a
+steep eminence, and commanding an extensive and beautifully
+varied prospect, including the Mersey estuary, the Welsh
+mountains, and richly-wooded scenery in Cheshire and
+Lancashire.&nbsp; This fortress was demolished during the civil
+wars.&nbsp; Eastward, passing Keakwick, and Daresbury, where is a
+fine old church, The Elms appear.&nbsp; Passing which we arrive
+at</p>
+<h3>Moore Station.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+75&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 22&frac12; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places W. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Halton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3&frac12; miles.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Daresbury</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1&frac14; mile.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Lower Runcorn</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Hatton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2&frac14; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Higher Runcorn</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Stretton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3&frac34; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Weston</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Grappenhall</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><a name="page62"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 62</span><span
+class="smcap">The</span> pretty village of Moore is not seen from
+the line.&nbsp; Richly-wooded country lies on either side the
+road now, and occasionally peeping through the trees, the masts
+of vessels passing on the Mersey may be observed.&nbsp; The
+Mersey Viaduct is next traversed.&nbsp; This, though far less
+grand in appearance than the Dutton Viaduct, is a fine erection
+of 200 yards in length, consisting of twelve arches, nine being
+small, and three of larger span, beneath which the river Mersey,
+and the Mersey and Irwell Canal pass.&nbsp; Shortly after leaving
+the viaduct the town of Warrington is seen on the E., and
+westward lies Penketh, and the small white buildings at
+Fiddler&rsquo;s Ferry.</p>
+<h3>WARRINGTON STATION.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Distance to Birmingham,
+78&mdash;Liverpool and Manchester, 19&frac12; miles.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DISTANCES BY
+ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING
+PLACES:&mdash;</span></p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Places E. of
+Station</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Grappenhall</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3&frac12; miles.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Lymm</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5&frac12; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Warburton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Bowdon</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11&frac34; &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Altringham</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">12 &mdash;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class="smcap">Warrington</span> forms a pleasing view
+from the approaching trains.</p>
+<blockquote><p>It contains 19,155 inhabitants, and is by some
+writers supposed to have been originally a British town, and on
+the invasion of the Romans under Agricola, in 79, to have been
+converted into a Roman station.&nbsp; This supposition rests
+chiefly on the circumstances of three Roman roads tending
+hitherwards to a ford over the Mersey; the vestiges of a castrum
+and fosse, still discernable; and the discovery of Roman coins
+and other relics near the ford.&nbsp; <a name="page63"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 63</span>On its occupation by the Saxons, it
+obtained the name of <i>Weringtun</i>, from <i>W&aelig;ring</i>,
+a fortification, and <i>tun</i>, a town.&nbsp; The river was
+passed by ford till 1496, when Thomas, first Earl of Derby,
+erected a stone bridge in compliment to Henry VII., when on his
+visit to Latham and Knowsley.&nbsp; In the reign of Henry VIII.,
+Leland, speaking of Warrington, says, &ldquo;It is a pavid towne
+of prety bignes, the paroche chirce is at the tayle of the towne;
+it is a better market than Manchestre.&rdquo;&nbsp; In the civil
+wars of 1643, the Royalists of the place betook themselves to the
+<i>church</i>, which they fortified, but the Parliamentarian
+battery dislodged them from their military sanctuary.&nbsp; The
+town is pleasantly situated on the Mersey; the streets are
+chiefly narrow, but contain some good buildings.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Prior to the construction of the railroad between Liverpool
+and Manchester, seventy stage-coaches passed through Warrington
+daily; now only <i>four</i> run.&nbsp; The manufactures comprise
+muslin, calico, velveteen, sailcloth, (which was formerly the
+staple trade,) pins, files, hardware, glass, malt, soap, and ale
+of strength and quality renowned.&nbsp; Railways, rivers, and
+canals, facilitate trade materially.&nbsp; The market days are
+Wednesday and Saturday; the fairs commence July 18 and November
+30, continuing ten days.&nbsp; There are cloth halls, and various
+public buildings, and a fine old church, dedicated to St. Helen;
+the architecture exhibits traces of various styles and
+periods.&nbsp; Two ancient sepulchral chapels remain, and contain
+some magnificent monuments of the Boteler, Massey, and Patten
+families.&nbsp; There are two other churches, and various
+dissenting chapels and meetings, Free Grammar School, Blue Coat
+School, and many others, also Hospitals and other excellent
+institutions.</p>
+<h2><a name="page64"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+64</span>CHAPTER VIII.<br />
+WARRINGTON TO NEWTON JUNCTION,<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">Four and &frac34; Miles.</span></h2>
+<p><span class="smcap">Passing</span> on from Warrington, the
+line commands a view W. of Busey Hall, (seat of Lord Lilford,) a
+fine old mansion, surrounded by wood; a little farther, is Burton
+Wood and Bold Heath and Park, (seat of Sir Henry Houghton,) also
+on the W., Orford Hall (seat of Hon. Mrs. Hornby) on the E., and
+Billinge Beacon Hill N.W.&nbsp; The spire of Winwick Church is
+seen shortly before arriving at</p>
+<h3>Winwick Station,</h3>
+<p>which, though not mentioned in the Company&rsquo;s list, has,
+since the opening of the railway, been used as a station, for the
+accommodation of persons in the vicinity.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p64.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Winwick Church"
+title=
+"Winwick Church"
+src="images/p64.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p><a name="page65"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+65</span>Winwick Church is a beautiful and ancient edifice, with
+a lofty spire; and is said to be coeval with the establishment of
+the Christian religion in this country.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p65.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Winwick Church"
+title=
+"Winwick Church"
+src="images/p65.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<blockquote><p>Winwick Hall, residence of the Rector and Lord of
+the Manor, the Rev. J. J. Hornby, is near the church.&nbsp; This
+living is one of the wealthiest in the kingdom.&nbsp; Between the
+village of Winwick and town of Newton, is an elevated piece of
+ground, called Red Bank, from its having been, in 1648, the scene
+of a battle between Oliver Cromwell and the Scots, when the
+latter were defeated with great slaughter.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>A short distance brings us to the</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Newton Junction</b>.</p>
+<h2><a name="page66"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+66</span>CHAPTER IX.<br />
+NEWTON JUNCTION TO LIVERPOOL.<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">Fourteen and &frac34; Miles.</span></h2>
+<p><span class="smcap">Having</span> to describe the railroad
+branches to Liverpool and Manchester, we shall now continue our
+account along the Liverpool part of the line, and in the next
+Chapter take the &ldquo;Newton to Manchester&rdquo;
+portion.&nbsp; Leaving the Newton Junction, and turning to the
+left, the E. becomes North, and the W. we must call South.&nbsp;
+The constant traffic on the Liverpool and Manchester line, and
+the numerous trains journeying to and fro, render it a much more
+busy and stirring scene than the Birmingham railroad is at
+present.</p>
+<blockquote><p>The Grand Junction Company rent the use of this
+Liverpool and Manchester railway at 20,000 per annum.&nbsp; The
+exact length of the Liverpool and Manchester railway, from the
+station, Lime-street, Liverpool, to Water-street, Manchester, is
+thirty miles and three quarters, and thirty yards.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>A short distance from the Junction is the Sankey Viaduct, a
+grand and stupendous work; the arches are nine in number, and
+fifty feet span; the embankments leading to and from it, are from
+sixty to eighty <a name="page67"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+67</span>feet above the level country.&nbsp; Newton Common and
+Race-ground, the stand on which is a conspicuous object, lie to
+the N., with the Billinge hills behind, Burton Wood S., and the
+Sankey Canal winds along from either side.&nbsp; After
+passing</p>
+<h3>Collin&rsquo;s Green Station</h3>
+<p>Bold Hall (seat of Sir Henry Houghton) appears to the S., and
+we soon enter on the Parr Moss, passing the Sutton copper works
+on the N.</p>
+<h3>St. Helen&rsquo;s and Runcorn Junction Station.</h3>
+<p><span class="smcap">Here</span> the St. Helen&rsquo;s line
+branches to the N., and the Runcorn Gap Railway, S.&nbsp; Shirley
+Hall lies on the N. side.&nbsp; On the S., is the Engine-house,
+where an engine is stationed to assist trains in ascending the
+Sutton inclined plane.&nbsp; Proceeding through the Sutton
+cutting, and under several fine arches, the</p>
+<h3>Lea Green Station, (top of Sutton incline,)</h3>
+<p>at the summit of the elevation, is gained, and Rainhill level
+entered upon.&nbsp; The village of Sutton and Grove Hall are
+nearly hidden from view by the surrounding trees.</p>
+<h3>Kendrick&rsquo;s Cross Station, Rainhill.</h3>
+<p><span class="smcap">From</span> Rainhill station the line
+passes through a short cutting, and then descends the Whiston
+inclined plane.&nbsp; <a name="page68"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 68</span>Prescot Church is on the N. side,
+with Ellsby Hills and Halton Castle on the S.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p68.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Prescot Town And Church"
+title=
+"Prescot Town And Church"
+src="images/p68.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The town of Prescot, one mile N. of the line, lies principally
+on a substratum of coal, several mines of which are excavated to
+its very edge.&nbsp; The district has long been noted for the
+superior construction of watch tools and motion-work.&nbsp; The
+drawing of pinion-wire originated here; and small files,
+considered to be of great excellence, are made and exported in
+large quantities.&nbsp; Coarse earthenware, especially sugar
+moulds, are here made from the clay of the neighbourhood, which
+is particularly adapted to the purpose.&nbsp; The plate-glass
+works at Ravenhead are very extensive and celebrated.&nbsp; The
+concave and convex mirrors, and large plate-glass, being equal,
+if not superior to any produced on the Continent.&nbsp; The
+Church is ancient; the spire, <a name="page69"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 69</span>which was rebuilt in 1789, is 156
+feet high, and is a fine object from the railroad.&nbsp; In the
+Church are several monuments, one by Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A.,
+is of great beauty.&nbsp; John Philip Kemble, the tragedian, was
+born at Prescot, in 1757.&nbsp; The view of the Cheshire hills in
+the southward distance, is rich and extensive.</p>
+<blockquote><p>Knowsley Park, seat of the Earl of Derby, appears
+on the N.&nbsp; The mansion has evidently been erected at
+different periods; its most ancient part is of stone, and is said
+to have been raised by the first Earl of Derby, for the reception
+of his son-in-law, King Henry VII., in whose honours the Earl had
+been mainly instrumental.&nbsp; Great enlargement and decoration
+of the mansion took place on occasion of this royal visit: a
+handsome stone bridge was thrown across the Mersey at Warrington,
+and an embankment or causeway thrown up across the marshes to the
+rising ground on the Cheshire side.&nbsp; Many valuable and
+interesting pictures adorn the mansion, which is surrounded by a
+beautiful park.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Several coal, lime, and marble works are passed on either
+side; and while traversing the Huyton embankment, Preston church,
+the Hazels, seat of Joseph Birch, Esq., and the church and
+village of Huyton are observed on the N.&nbsp; On the S. appears
+Childwall park, hall, and church; beyond, is Woolton hall, seat
+of N. Ashton, Esq.; the whole scene finely wooded.</p>
+<h3>Huyton Gate and Roby-lane Gate Stations</h3>
+<p>are shortly passed; the village of Roby lies S. of the line,
+and closely adjoining it.&nbsp; Proceeding onwards, along a
+pleasant but not very interesting part, Summer-hill house is
+seen, the seat of Thomas Case, Esq.; also, the little church of
+Notting Ash and Childwall hall, a seat of the Marquis of
+Salisbury.</p>
+<h3><a name="page70"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 70</span>Broad
+Green Station.</h3>
+<p>A <span class="smcap">few</span> yards from the station, on
+the N. side, is a place for the landing of cattle, sheep,
+&amp;c.&nbsp; The line now enters the Olive Mount excavation,
+which is an immense chasm, cut in the solid rock, to the depth of
+from 50 to 70 feet, the precipitous rock forming a grand wall on
+either side.&nbsp; The village of Wavertree lies S. of the line,
+after emerging from the Olive Mount ravine; Spekelands, the
+residence of Mrs. Earle, lies also on the S., and on the N. is
+the residence of C. Lawrence, Esq. Here the Liverpool tunnels
+commence; one, for conveying passengers, &amp;c., into the
+Company&rsquo;s station-yard in Lime-street, turns off on the
+right hand, and is 2,230 yards long, 25 feet wide, and 17 feet
+high.&nbsp; The other, for the conveyance of goods, direct to the
+docks, in a straighter continuation of the line, is 2,250 yards
+long, 22 feet wide, and 16 feet high.&nbsp; Engines are stationed
+on each side of the line at this part, each of forty-horse power,
+to draw the trains up the inclined plane of the tunnel, in coming
+out of Liverpool, and let them down on their arrival from
+Birmingham.&nbsp; The locomotive engines being attached to and
+detached from the trains at this station.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>&ldquo;A Friend to Railways,&rdquo; in a letter to the Editor
+of the Railway Magazine, May 1838, thus describes the mode of
+drawing the trains up the inclined plane:&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;At the upper end of the tunnel, which is
+2,250 yards long, there is one pair of engines on each side of
+the road; it being found <a name="page71"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 71</span>that a much more regular motion is
+given by this means to the carriages.&nbsp; The engines are
+high-pressure, with side-levers, similar to marine engines; the
+connecting-rods, however, are reversed, and work the crank
+downwards, and are connected to a horizontal shaft of great
+strength running across and under the road in a tunnel, upon
+which shaft a large drum-wheel is placed that works the
+rope.&nbsp; In each engine-house is a raised platform, upon which
+the man stands who works the engines; this platform leads to a
+balcony on the outside of the engine-house, from which the man
+can look down the mouth of the tunnel; a signal is given by means
+of an air-pipe running through the tunnel, so formed at the upper
+end as to produce a sound when the air is forced into it from the
+lower extremity.&nbsp; This, I believe, is the invention of Mr.
+King, of Liverpool.&nbsp; The engine-man on hearing the signal,
+opens the steam-cock, and the engines start instantly.&nbsp; This
+work was designed by Mr. Grantham, of the foundery of Messrs.
+Mather and Dickson, of Liverpool, where the machinery was
+constructed.&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Having now given an account of the whole journey, we must
+proceed to a brief history and memoir of Liverpool itself.</p>
+<h2><a name="page72"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+72</span>CHAPTER X.<br />
+LIVERPOOL.</h2>
+<p><span class="smcap">Liverpool</span> is an ancient sea-port,
+borough, and market town, 205 miles from London, containing
+205,964 inhabitants, exclusive of 10,000 seamen.</p>
+<blockquote><p>Of its remote antiquity but little can be
+asserted, amidst the great contrariety of opinion which is held
+on this subject.&nbsp; Liverpool is not noticed in any of the
+Roman Itinera, neither does the name occur in the Norman
+survey.&nbsp; After the conquest it was granted by William, to
+Roger de Poictiers, together with all the land between the Ribble
+and the Mersey, and subsequently forfeited.&nbsp; It was
+thereupon granted to the Earls of Chester; and on forfeiture by
+their descendants, to Edmund, son of Henry III., as parcel of the
+honour of Lancaster; and it remained an integral part of the
+duchy possessions, until its alienation by Charles I., in
+1628.</p>
+<p>Various opinions have been hazarded regarding the etymology of
+the name, without reference to the most ancient documents in
+which it has been discovered.&nbsp; John, whilst Earl of Moreton,
+and in possession of the honour of Lancaster, confirmed a grant
+made by his father, Henry II., to Warin de Lancaster, of
+<i>Liverpul</i>, with other places, under a certain
+<i>reddendum</i>.&nbsp; In subsequent records it is written
+<i>Lyrpul</i>, <i>Lythyrpul</i>, &amp;c., signifying, probably,
+in the ancient dialect of this country, the &ldquo;lower
+pool.&rdquo;&nbsp; Some deduce its etymology from a pool
+frequented by an aquatic fowl, called a &ldquo;Liver,&rdquo; or
+from a sea-weed of that name; others, and with much more reason,
+from the ancient British word <i>Lir</i>, &ldquo;the sea,&rdquo;
+and a spreading water or pool, viz., the sea pool, or sea-water
+pool.</p>
+<p><a name="page73"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 73</span>Camden
+says the Castle was built by Roger de Poictiers, in 1089; it
+certainly was erected at a very early period.&nbsp; In October,
+1323, Edward II. dates his orders, &amp;c., from Liverpool
+Castle; and in April, 1358, Henry, Duke of Lancaster, resided
+there for a month.&nbsp; It was demolished by order of
+Parliament, during the commonwealth, and in 1715, its site was
+granted by Queen Anne, to the corporation, who built St.
+George&rsquo;s Church upon it.&nbsp; On King John ascending the
+throne, at his brother&rsquo;s death, he again came into
+possession of the honour of Lancaster, and granted a charter to
+the town of Liverpool, which Henry III., in 1229, confirmed, made
+the town a free borough, instituted a guild merchant, and granted
+additional privileges.&nbsp; These charters have been confirmed,
+and further ones granted by succeeding sovereigns.&nbsp; The
+several mandates for fitting-out and providing vessels for the
+royal service, addressed by Edward II. and III., and subsequent
+kings, afford proof of its then being a place of extensive trade
+at this early period; and the fact of the royal order for the
+prohibition of the export of grain, in the time of Richard III.,
+being transmitted to Liverpool only, is also a proof of its then
+being the only shipping port in the country.&nbsp; Leland, in
+1558, described it thus: &ldquo;<i>Lyrpole</i>, alias
+<i>Lyrpoole</i>, a pavid towne, hath but a chapel, Walton, a iiii
+miles off, not far from the se, is paroche chirche.&nbsp; The
+king hath a castell there, and the Earle of Darbe hath a stone
+house there.&nbsp; Irisch marchants cum much thither, as to a
+good haven.&nbsp; After that Mersey water cumming towards
+Runcorne in Cheshire liseth among the commune people the name,
+and is Lyrpole.&nbsp; At Lyrpole is smaule costume payid that
+causith merchants to resorte.&nbsp; Good marchaundis at Lyrpole,
+and much Irisch yarn that Manchester men do by ther.&rdquo;&nbsp;
+Liverpool appears to have declined, probably from the baneful
+influences of the wars of York and Lancaster, until the latter
+part of the reign of Elizabeth, when, in a petition from the
+inhabitants to the Queen, it is described as &ldquo;Her
+Majesty&rsquo;s poor decayed town of Liverpool.&rdquo;&nbsp; Its
+poverty may be understood from the fact, that when Charles I.
+levied his iniquitous and despotic tax of ship money, this town
+was rated at &pound;26 only, while Bristol was rated at
+&pound;1,000.&nbsp; In the civil war Liverpool was alternately
+held by the Parliamentarians, taken by Prince Rupert, <a
+name="page74"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 74</span>and retaken
+by the Parliament.&nbsp; In the reign of William III., that
+monarch, with part of his train, embarked at this port for
+Ireland, previously to the battle of the Boyne; and regiments and
+privateer vessels were here equipped against the Pretender and
+the French.</p>
+<p>Times and manners are somewhat changed here since 1617, when
+one of the orders of the common-council demanded, &ldquo;that
+every council-man shall come to council <i>clean-shaved</i>, and
+in his long clothes.&rdquo;&nbsp; Slander and gossip were very
+severely punished by the civic dignitaries, it being a law,
+&ldquo;that if any man speak ill of the mayor, he shall lose his
+freedom.&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The most important feature in the history of this place, is
+the extraordinary rapidity with which it has risen into a degree
+of splendour and importance, without example in the history of
+any commercial country.&nbsp; Among the causes which have
+produced its elevation to a rank but partially inferior to the
+metropolis, are, its situation on the shore of a noble river,
+which expands into a wide estuary; its proximity to the Irish
+coast; its central position with respect to the United Kingdom;
+its intimate connexion with the principal manufacturing
+districts, and with every part of the kingdom, by numerous
+rivers, canals, and railroads, and the persevering industry and
+enterprising spirit of its inhabitants.&nbsp; Without the
+romance, we may see among them the reality of the merchant-nobles
+of Genoa and Venice; and the grandeur which pervades the modern
+buildings of our English port may scarcely be outvied in
+stateliness, and certainly not in fitness and utility, by any
+palace-city of the past.</p>
+<p>As we passed along the busy quays of these crowded docks, and
+thought of the wealth conveyed by the <a name="page75"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 75</span>winged couriers of the ocean there
+congregated, the following gorgeous lines in Marlow&rsquo;s Jew
+of Malta, occurred to us: perhaps the expectant owners of
+argosies bound hitherward, deal not quite so largely as the
+poet&rsquo;s Croesus, in jewelled treasures; but we cannot very
+honestly change amethysts into tobacco, nor bags of fiery opals
+into bales of cotton wool; the circumstances of the case may
+therefore be allowed to vary a little, without our transposing
+the terms:&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;As for those Samnites, and the men of
+Uzz,<br />
+That bought my Spanish oils, and wines of Greece,<br />
+Here have I purst their paltry silverlings,<br />
+Fie! what a trouble &rsquo;tis to count this trash!<br />
+Give me the merchants of the Indian mines,<br />
+That trade in metal of the purest gold;<br />
+The wealthy Moor, that in the eastern rocks<br />
+Without control can pick his riches up,<br />
+And in his house keep pearls like pebble stones;<br />
+Receive them free, and sell them by the weight:<br />
+Bags of fiery opals, sapphires, amethysts,<br />
+Jacinths, hard topaz, grass-green emeralds,<br />
+Beauteous rubies, sparkling diamonds,<br />
+And seld&rsquo; seen costly stones of so great price,<br />
+As one of them, indifferently rated,<br />
+And of a caract of this quality<br />
+May serve, in peril of calamity<br />
+To rescue great kings from captivity.<br />
+This is the ware wherein consists my wealth,<br />
+And thus methinks, should men of judgment frame<br />
+Their means of traffic from the vulgar trade,<br />
+And as their wealth increaseth, so inclose<br />
+Infinite riches in a little room.<br />
+But now&mdash;how stands the wind?<br />
+Into what corner peers my halcyon&rsquo;s bill?<br />
+Ha! to east? yes:&mdash;see how stands the vane?<br />
+East and by south, why then I hope my ships<br />
+I sent from Egypt, and the bordering isles,<br />
+Are gotten up by Nilus&rsquo; winding banks:<br />
+Mine argosies from Alexandria,<br />
+Loaden with spice and silks, now under sail<br />
+Are smoothly gliding down by Candy shore<br />
+To Malta, through our Mediterranean sea.&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p><a name="page76"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 76</span>We
+have, ere this, noted many a merchant (not of Venice) to whom we
+have mentally applied Salarino&rsquo;s words to Antonio; and few
+will grudge the space we here occupy, by a quotation so apt and
+beautiful:&mdash;</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;<i>Salorino</i>.&nbsp; Your mind is tossing
+on the ocean;<br />
+There, where your argosies with portly sail,<br />
+Like seigniors and rich burghers of the flood,<br />
+Or, as it were, the pageants of the sea,&mdash;<br />
+Do overpeer the petty traffickers,<br />
+That curtsey to them, do them reverence,<br />
+As they fly by them with their woven wings.<br />
+
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&mdash;My wind, cooling my broth,<br />
+Would blow me to an ague, when I thought<br />
+What harm a wind too great might do at sea.<br />
+I should not see the sandy hour-glass run,<br />
+But I should think of shallows and of flats,<br />
+And see my wealthy Andrew docked in sand,<br />
+Vailing her high-top lower than her ribs,<br />
+To kiss her burial.&nbsp; Should I go to church,<br />
+And see the holy edifice of stone,<br />
+And not bethink me straight of dangerous rocks?<br />
+Which touching but my gentle vessel&rsquo;s side,<br />
+Would scatter all her spices on the stream,<br />
+Enrobe the rolling waters with my silks,<br />
+And, in a word, but even now worth this,<br />
+And now worth nothing.&nbsp; Shall I have the thought<br />
+To think on this; and shall I lack the thought<br />
+That such a thing be-chanced, would make me sad?<br />
+But, tell not me; I know, Antonio<br />
+Is sad to think upon his merchandise.<br />
+<i>Antonio</i>.&nbsp; Believe me, No; I thank my fortune for
+it,<br />
+My ventures are not in one bottom trusted,<br />
+Nor to one place: nor is my whole estate<br />
+Upon the fortune of this present year:<br />
+Therefore my merchandise makes me not sad.&rdquo;</p>
+<p style="text-align: right"><span
+class="smcap">Shakspeare</span>.</p>
+<p>The commerce of the port may be divided into three branches:
+first, the trade with Ireland, whence a variety of produce,
+chiefly grain, cattle, &amp;c., is imported, the gross value of
+which has amounted annually to &pound;4,497,708, exclusive of
+linen and manufactured wares.&nbsp; Liverpool enjoys about
+two-fifths of the Irish trade.&nbsp; The <a
+name="page77"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 77</span>chief exports
+are British manufactured goods, salt, coal, and general
+merchandise.&nbsp; The second principal branch of trade is that
+with the United States of America, of which it engrosses more
+than three-fourths of the whole commerce of the kingdom.&nbsp;
+The chief import is cotton wool, and from this port Manchester
+and the manufacturing districts are supplied with the raw
+material.&nbsp; Tobacco is also imported to an <i>alarming</i>
+extent.&nbsp; The average quantity annually introduced for the
+contamination of our atmosphere, being 7,623
+<i>hogsheads</i>&mdash;what a fearful store of materials for
+smoking the brains, and dusting the nostrils of our
+fellow-creatures!&nbsp; A great quantity of American flour is
+also imported.&nbsp; The third branch of the trade is that with
+the West Indies, which commenced about the middle of the
+seventeenth century, and which was previously engrossed by London
+and Bristol.&nbsp; Sugar, rum, and coffee, are the chief luxuries
+we receive thence through the other ports.&nbsp; The trade with
+the East Indies is smaller; the imports are cotton, indigo,
+hides, ginger, pepper, and sugar.&nbsp; With the ports of the
+Mediterranean and Levant seas, Liverpool has considerable
+traffic, importing wine, fruits, lemon and lime juice, olive and
+other oils, barilla, and brimstone.&nbsp; From Egypt is brought
+cotton; and from the Baltic sea-ports, timber, tallow,
+&amp;c.&nbsp; The gross receipts of the customs at this port
+alone, exceed the sum derived from the nine other principal ports
+of the three kingdoms (London excepted), viz., Bristol, Hull,
+Newcastle, Leith, Glasgow, Greenock, Dublin, Belfast, and
+Cork.&nbsp; Vessels from, and bound to, all parts of the globe,
+are congregated here; and there is scarcely a place in the world
+accessible to the British flag, to which a ready conveyance is
+not afforded from this enterprising port.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The harbour is capacious and secure: at the entrance of the
+river is the Black Rock Lighthouse, erected on a point of rock on
+the western coast.&nbsp; A floating light is also placed eleven
+miles seaward from the mouth of the river.</p>
+<p>For the security of the shipping in the port, and for <a
+name="page78"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 78</span>the greater
+facility of loading and unloading merchandise, immense ranges of
+docks and warehouses, extending upwards of two miles along the
+eastern bank of the river, have been constructed, on a scale of
+unparalleled magnificence; and forming one of those
+characteristics of commercial greatness in which this town is
+unrivalled.&nbsp; The docks are of three kinds:&mdash;the wet
+docks, which are chiefly for ships of great burden, employed in
+the foreign trade, and which float in them at all states of the
+tide, the water being retained by gates; the dry docks, so called
+because they are left dry when the tide is out, are chiefly
+appropriated to coasting vessels; and the graving docks, which
+admit or exclude the water at pleasure, are adapted to the repair
+of ships, during which they are kept dry, and when completed are
+floated out by admitting the tide.&nbsp; The Canning Dock is
+chiefly occupied by sloops from the north coast, which import
+corn, provisions, and slate, and convey back the produce of the
+Mediterranean, the West Indies, Portugal, and the Baltic: it has
+a quay 500 yards in length.&nbsp; The Salthouse Dock is for
+vessels in the Levant, Irish, and coasting trades: the quay is
+759 yards in extent.&nbsp; George&rsquo;s Dock has a quay 1001
+yards in length.&nbsp; The King&rsquo;s Dock is appropriated to
+vessels from Virginia and other parts, laden with tobacco; which
+article is exclusively landed here, and occupies a range of
+warehouses 575 feet in length, and 239 in depth.&nbsp; The
+Queen&rsquo;s Dock, 470 yards long, with a spacious quay, is
+chiefly occupied by vessels freighted with timber, and by those
+employed in the Dutch and Baltic trades.&nbsp; The Brunswick Dock
+is larger than any of the preceding, and receives <a
+name="page79"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 79</span>vessels laden
+with timber.&nbsp; Prince&rsquo;s Dock is 500 yards in length,
+with spacious quays, and along the west side is a beautiful
+marine parade, 750 yards long, and eleven wide, defended by a
+stone parapet wall, from which is a delightful view of the river
+and the shipping: it is much frequented as a promenade.&nbsp; To
+the westward of these are the Clarence Dock and Basin,
+appropriated solely to the use of the steam vessels trading to
+and from the port: there are several smaller docks, and
+considerable additions are contemplated.&nbsp; When these are
+completed, the whole range of docks will be two miles and 820
+yards in length, exclusively of the openings to the several
+docks: the total area of water space contained in them is upwards
+of ninety statute acres, and the extent of the quays in lineal
+measure is 12,511 yards, or upwards of seven miles; yet spacious
+as they are, they are still considered inadequate to the
+increasing commerce of the port.&nbsp; Several ranges of
+commodious baths are situated in the vicinity of the docks; there
+are hot, cold, floating, and medicated vapour baths.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The new Custom-house is a superb and beautiful edifice, in the
+Grecian style of architecture, 454 feet in length, 224 in depth,
+with three principal fronts of great magnificence.&nbsp; The
+Exchange buildings, erected by the late Mr. John Forster, form
+sides of a quadrangular area, in the centre of which is a
+monument to the memory of Lord Nelson.&nbsp; The north front of
+the Hall forms the fourth side of this square.&nbsp; This is a
+stately and magnificent structure in the Grecian style, with four
+elegant fronts, and contains on the ground <a
+name="page80"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 80</span>floor a
+council-room, and apartments for the mayor, town clerk,
+pensioners, and corporation.&nbsp; The grand staircase leads into
+a spacious saloon, splendidly decorated with royal portraits by
+Lawrence, Hopner, Phillips, &amp;c.&nbsp; Two spacious
+ball-rooms, and two richly furnished drawing rooms, decorated
+with marble pillars, chandeliers, &amp;c., are entered from the
+saloon.&nbsp; A grand banquet-room, refectory, &amp;c., &amp;c.,
+fitted up with great taste and splendour, are also comprised in
+this grand suite of apartments.&nbsp; The Public Subscription
+Libraries are numerous and well selected.&nbsp; The
+Athen&aelig;um contains a news-room and an extensive
+library.&nbsp; The Lyceum is a handsome edifice of the Ionic
+order; contains a library, coffee-room, lecture, and
+committee-rooms.&nbsp; The Union News-room, Exchange News-room,
+Medical and Law Libraries, are all well supported.&nbsp; The
+Royal Institution is a spacious and handsome edifice, containing
+on the ground floor, lecture, reading, and school-rooms; on the
+first floor, a large room for the Literary and Philosophical
+Society, a library, museum, spacious exhibition rooms for the
+Liverpool Academy of painting, &amp;c.&nbsp; On the roof is an
+observatory, and behind are a laboratory and a theatre for
+chemical and philosophical experiments.&nbsp; This institution
+was formed in 1814, for the advancement of literature, science,
+and the arts; and the members were incorporated by royal charter,
+in 1822.&nbsp; Professors, lecturers, and masters are appointed
+by the society.&nbsp; The Botanic Gardens near Edge Hill, and the
+Zoological Gardens, are valuable additions to the rational and
+profitable amusements of the inhabitants.&nbsp; There is a
+Theatre, Amphitheatre, and Circus, the <a name="page81"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 81</span>former for the drama, the two latter
+for equestrian performances and pantomimes.&nbsp; The Wellington
+Rooms, for balls, are admirably adapted for such gay
+scenes.&nbsp; The summer races in July continue four days, the
+course lies five miles to the N.E. of the town.&nbsp; The grand
+stand is capable of accommodating 2,000 persons.&nbsp; The
+chartered market days are Wednesday and Saturday, and for corn,
+Tuesday and Friday.&nbsp; The Market-houses are numerous,
+handsome, and commodious.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The corporation of Liverpool have an income of above
+&pound;100,000 per annum, a great portion of which is expended in
+the improvement of the port and embellishment of the town.&nbsp;
+The Churches of the Establishment are about twenty-four in
+number, some of them of great architectural beauty.&nbsp; In
+addition to the Churchyards, there are two extensive Cemeteries,
+one near Edge-hill; the other occupying a large tract of ground,
+excavated as a quarry for stone used in the building of the
+docks, and converted into a depository for the dead, at an
+expense of &pound;21,000; it is tastefully laid out, and has a
+suitable chapel for the performance of the funeral service.&nbsp;
+The buildings dedicated to religious purposes by the several
+sects of Dissenters, are about forty in number, some of them of
+considerable beauty.&nbsp; The Public Schools are very numerous,
+and so well supported as to render them valuably and most
+extensively useful.&nbsp; That for the indigent blind, was
+established in 1791; 120 pupils now receive instruction in
+various branches, and are taught spinning, basket-making, the
+weaving of linen, sacking, carpeting, the making of <a
+name="page82"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 82</span>list shoes,
+twine, worsted rugs, and other trades, by which they may earn a
+livelihood; they are also instructed in music.&nbsp; Asylums and
+Institutions, too numerous to be here enumerated; Hospitals,
+Infirmaries; Societies for the assistance and relief of aged
+seamen, and other humane and admirable purposes, are, by the
+munificence of the inhabitants, all enabled to administer in no
+small degree to the wants and misfortunes of suffering
+fellow-beings.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Among the distinguished natives of the town may be noticed
+Jeremiah Horrox, the astronomer, born 1619, at Toxteth Park, near
+Liverpool.&nbsp; He is supposed to have been the first person who
+ever predicted or observed the transit of Venus over the
+sun&rsquo;s disk.&nbsp; He died on the 3rd of January, 1641, a
+few days after completing his treatise on the transit which took
+place in the November preceding.&nbsp; George Stubbs, the animal
+painter, born 1724.&nbsp; William Sadler, who invented the
+application of copper-plate prints to the embellishment of
+earthenware.&nbsp; William Roscoe, author of the lives of Lorenzo
+de Medici, and of Leo X.&nbsp; He died in 1831, aged
+seventy-nine, equally beloved and regretted for his excellence as
+a man, and for his ability as an author.&nbsp; The Rev. William
+Shepherd, author of the life of Poggio Brachiolini, &amp;c., an
+elegant writer, and earnest reformer.&nbsp; Dr. Currie, the
+intelligent biographer of Burns, was also a native of Liverpool,
+as was the gentle-minded and truly feminine poet, Felicia
+Hemans.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The manufactures of Liverpool, are chiefly such as <a
+name="page83"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 83</span>are connected
+with the port and the shipping, the promotion of its commerce,
+and the supply of its inhabitants.&nbsp; There are several very
+large sugar refineries, extensive potteries, glass-houses,
+breweries, tanneries, salt and copperas works, iron and brass
+foundries, foundries for cannon, anchors, chain-cables, and steam
+engine machinery, manufactories for steam-boilers, engines, also
+guns, small arms, sails, cordage, watches, tobacco, snuff, and
+soap.&nbsp; There are numerous mills for grinding corn, mustard,
+colours, and dye-woods: the manufacture of soap exceeds that of
+any place in England.&nbsp; The average number of watches made
+annually, is 11,500, a number greater than any town, except
+London.&nbsp; Ship-building is carried on to a great extent;
+several men-of-war have been launched from the dock-yards; and in
+the building of steam vessels, Liverpool takes the lead of all
+other ports.&nbsp; The trade of the town is greatly facilitated
+by the extensive inland navigation in every direction, by which
+it is connected with the manufacturing districts and chief towns
+in the kingdom.&nbsp; No less than five water conveyances fall
+into the Mersey, viz., the Mersey and Irwell Navigation, Duke of
+Bridgewater&rsquo;s Canal, Sankey Canal, Chester and Ellesmere
+Canal, and Weaver Navigation, opening communication with
+Manchester, Bolton, Hull, South Lancashire, Birmingham,
+Worcestershire, South of England, and Wales.</p>
+<blockquote><p>The information required by the traveller
+respecting inns, coach-offices, &amp;c., will be found in the
+Appendix; together with a list of places of amusement and
+interest, worthy the attention of a stranger in this great and
+truly splendid sea-port.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h2><a name="page84"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+84</span>CHAPTER XI.<br />
+NEWTON JUNCTION TO MANCHESTER,<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">Fourteen and &frac34; Miles.</span></h2>
+<p><span class="smcap">On</span> leaving the Newton (or, as it is
+called in the neighbourhood, Warrington) Junction, the neat
+little town of Newton is seen N. of the line, not far from the
+Legh Arms Hotel, a comfortable and reasonable house.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p84.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Town of Newton"
+title=
+"Town of Newton"
+src="images/p84.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>Opposite, lying S. of the line, we again see the spire of
+Winwick Church, Mow Copp, and the Cheshire and Rivington hills
+appear in the distance.</p>
+<h3><a name="page85"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 85</span>Park
+Side Station.</h3>
+<p><span class="smcap">Here</span> the machine and apparatus for
+supplying the engines with fuel and water is well worth
+observing, though with great caution, as there are five lines of
+rails in this place; and the difficulty of escaping from a coming
+train is no small one to a stranger, who, standing upon, or among
+them, would find himself greatly bewildered in any
+emergency.&nbsp; The horrible death of Mr. Huskisson, from the
+injuries he received at this very spot, may be a salutary warning
+to the adventurous.&nbsp; A white marble slab in the wall
+commemorates the awful event, which it is useless to allude to
+further, the particulars being so well known.&nbsp; The Wigan
+Junction Line branches off a short distance from this
+point.&nbsp; Passing a short cutting on Highfield Moor, we reach
+the most considerable one on the Manchester and Liverpool line,
+the Kenyon excavation, the materials taken from which contributed
+mainly towards the adjacent embankments.&nbsp; The Bolton
+Junction line turns N. from this part, at which is</p>
+<h3>The Bolton Junction Station.</h3>
+<p><span class="smcap">We</span> now enter on the Brossley
+embankment, and observe Culcheth Hall, S., and Hurst Hall, N. of
+the line; the former the residence of T. E. Withington, Esq., the
+latter of T. Molineux Steel, Esq.</p>
+<h3>Bury-Lane Station</h3>
+<p>closely adjoins the Chat Moss tavern, near which the <a
+name="page86"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 86</span>line crosses
+the little stream Glazebrook.&nbsp; S. is a farmhouse, called
+Light Oats Hall.&nbsp; Here commences an embankment planted with
+trees; passing which we enter on the famed Chat Moss, formerly a
+barren and cultureless waste; but at length yielding to
+agricultural skill and industry, several portions having already
+been drained and successfully cultivated.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p86.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Chat Moss"
+title=
+"Chat Moss"
+src="images/p86.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>The road traverses this immense bog for a distance of four
+miles and three quarters.&nbsp; S. of the line is a fine view of
+the Cheshire and Derbyshire hills, with the village of Astley and
+Tildsley Church spire.&nbsp; Rivington Pike, and the Billinge
+Beacon lie on the N., and the Chat Moss all around.&nbsp; Immense
+labour and perseverance were required to achieve the great work
+of forming a firm and durable road over this swampy tract, which
+varies in depth from ten to above thirty feet.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p><a name="page87"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 87</span>Several
+neat habitations are now erected on the farmlands redeemed from
+the swamp: of these, Barton Moss Farm is the chief.&nbsp; N. of
+the Moss lies Worsley Hall, seen from the line, on an
+eminence.&nbsp; Botany Bay, a place of singularly ill-omened
+name, is also on the left, or N. side.&nbsp; The hills before
+mentioned still form the back ground of the views on either
+side.&nbsp; Leaving the Chat Moss by the Barton embankment, the
+line passes</p>
+<h3>Patricroft Station;</h3>
+<p>Near to this are large iron foundries and silk works.&nbsp;
+The Bridgewater Canal passes under, and the turnpike-road over,
+the line.&nbsp; Monton Church and village appear N. of the road;
+and shortly after, the village and Church of Eccles are seen on
+the S.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/p87.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Eccles Church"
+title=
+"Eccles Church"
+src="images/p87.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p>This small place has achieved fame by two means: the death of
+Mr. Huskisson, which took place at the <a name="page88"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 88</span>house of the Rev. Mr. Blackburn; and
+by its cakes, which the traveller is invited to purchase by a
+board over the door of a house close by the station, on which is
+inscribed, &ldquo;This is the noted Eccles cake
+shop.&rdquo;&nbsp; Passing</p>
+<h3>Waste Lane Station</h3>
+<p>some cottages and factories, and the city of chimneys,
+Manchester, appear in view.&nbsp; The village of Tinker&rsquo;s
+Hollow, and</p>
+<h3>Cross Lane Bridge Station</h3>
+<p>being passed, also sundry arches and bridges across the river
+Irwell, and the engine, trains, and travellers, are received into
+the Company&rsquo;s yard in Manchester.</p>
+<h2><a name="page89"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+89</span>CHAPTER XII.<br />
+MANCHESTER.</h2>
+<p><span class="smcap">The</span> town of Manchester, including
+Salford, contains 270,960 inhabitants, and is distant from London
+186 miles, and from Liverpool thirty-one by the railroad.</p>
+<blockquote><p>The origin of this town, which is remarkable for
+the extent of its trade, and the importance of its manufactures,
+may be traced to remote antiquity.&nbsp; In the time of the
+Druids, it was distinguished as one of the principal stations of
+their priests, and celebrated for the privilege of sanctuary
+attached to its altar, which, in the British language, was called
+<i>Meyne</i>, signifying a stone.&nbsp; Prior to the Christian
+era, it was one of the principal seats of the Brigantes, who had
+a castle or stronghold, called <i>Mancenion</i>, or the place of
+tents, near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell, the
+site of which, still called the &ldquo;Castle Field,&rdquo; was
+selected as a station by the Romans, on their conquest of this
+part of Britain under Agricola, about the year 79, and called by
+them <i>Mancunium</i>, whence the Saxon <i>Manceastre</i>, and
+our <i>Manchester</i>.&nbsp; The Romans occupied this station
+during nearly four centuries, and formed roads, branching off to
+their surrounding settlements.&nbsp; Various antiquities have
+been from time to time discovered in the neighbourhood.&nbsp;
+After the departure of the Romans, a party of Saxons took the
+fort from the Britons, to whom the garrison afterwards
+surrendered.&nbsp; In 620, it was captured by Edwin, King of
+Northumbria.&nbsp; In 627, the inhabitants were converted to
+Christianity, by Paulinus, a missionary from Gregory I.&nbsp;
+Manchester having been taken by the Danes, was wrested from their
+possession, about 920, by Edward the Elder, who rebuilt and
+fortified the town and <a name="page90"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 90</span>castle.&nbsp; For some time it
+continued prosperous, but suffered greatly in the wars between
+the Danes and Northumbrians.&nbsp; The early history of all
+ancient towns, chiefly &ldquo;pertains to feats of broils and
+battles;&rdquo; castles founded, demolished, and rebuilt, to be
+destroyed again; baronial feuds and fierce invasions; with the
+faint and fruitless struggles of <i>right</i> against
+<i>might</i>, make up the dark and bloody record.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<blockquote><p>After the twelfth century, a calmer period
+arrived; and, though occasionally troubled by the pest of war,
+the fortunes of the now wealthy town of Manchester, have been
+progressively increasing.&nbsp; From the year 1352, we may date
+the commencement of its manufacturing celebrity, when a kind of
+woollen cloth, made from the fleece, in an unprepared state,
+called &ldquo;Manchester cotton,&rdquo; was introduced; and some
+Flemish artisans, invited into England, by Edward III., settled
+in the town, and brought the woollen manufacture to a
+considerable degree of perfection.&nbsp; At the time of the
+Reformation, an ecclesiastical commission was established at
+Manchester, and exercised great intolerance, imprisoning and
+executing numbers of popish recusants; another of the black and
+by-gone deeds of our past &ldquo;dark ages.&rdquo;&nbsp; During
+the Parliamentary war, the head-quarters of the Parliamentarian
+army, in Lancashire, were fixed at Manchester, which was
+fortified and defended too well for the Royalist forces to be
+successful in any of their repeated attacks.&nbsp; In 1652, the
+walls were thrown down, the fortifications demolished, and the
+gates carried away and sold.&nbsp; The good town of Manchester
+had grown great and wealthy; but we much doubt if it had become
+particularly grave or wise, since we know that extravagant
+rejoicings, accompanied by every splendour of pomp and ceremony,
+took place at the restoration of the not-too-excellent King
+Charles II., in whose honour, and to the glorification of the
+thirsty woollen-weavers, the public conduits flowed with streams
+of wine, instead of water; a celebration worthy of the
+&ldquo;merry monarch.&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<blockquote><p>In 1745, Prince Charles Edward entered Manchester
+with his army, and took up his abode in the house of Mr.
+Dickenson, in <a name="page91"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+91</span>Market-street, when he levied money, raised men and
+horses for his service, and after marching about the country,
+made a rapid retreat into Scotland, before the army of the Duke
+of Cumberland.&nbsp; The officers of the Manchester regiment,
+were tried for high treason, and executed on Kennington Common,
+two of the heads being placed on Temple Bar, and two on the
+Exchange, Manchester.&nbsp; With this inhuman and disgraceful
+event, the record of the &ldquo;fortunes of war,&rdquo; connected
+with this place, ends,&mdash;we will trust for ever.</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p>The various manufactures carried on in Manchester, would
+occupy a descriptive work of no small extent, in themselves; and
+the account which so small a volume as the present can find space
+for, must be brief indeed.&nbsp; The staple trade is the cotton
+manufacture, which, in all its branches, is carried on to an
+almost incredible extent.&nbsp; From the time of Edward III.,
+when the &ldquo;Manchester cottons&rdquo; were first introduced,
+this branch of trade has been increasing in importance.&nbsp;
+About the year 1740, cotton was manufactured by the spindle and
+distaff in the cottages of the workmen, chiefly into fustians,
+thicksets, dimities, and jeans, to which other kinds of goods
+were shortly added.&nbsp; About the year 1760, these goods,
+hitherto made only for home consumption, formed a market on the
+continent of Europe and America, and in consequence of the
+increased demand, recourse was had to the aid of machinery.&nbsp;
+The spinning jennies, invented by Messrs. Kay and Highs, have
+been introduced, and greatly improved by Mr. Hargreaves, whose
+success, exciting the apprehensions of the hand-workmen, caused
+the destruction of his machinery, and his retreat to Nottingham,
+where he died in indigence.&nbsp; <a name="page92"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 92</span>Sir Richard Arkwright, the late Sir
+Robert Peel, and others, have improved and invented other
+machines, which, aided by the power of the steam-engine, have
+prodigiously increased the quantity and variety of the goods
+manufactured in this town.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>In the spinning department alone, there are in the town and
+vicinity 114 factories, worked by 118 steam-engines, the
+aggregate power of which is equal to that of 3,981 horses; by
+this machinery, 2,182,350 spindles, and 6,926 power-looms are set
+in motion.&nbsp; The power-looms, a recent invention, originating
+with the Rev. Mr. Cartwright, of Holland House, Kent, were not
+proved finally successful till 1806.&nbsp; The factories, in
+several of which the whole process of the manufacture, from the
+introduction of the raw material, to the completion of the
+fabric, is carried on, are immense ranges of building, from six
+to eight stories in height, some employing 2,000 persons each,
+and the whole affording employment to upwards of 30,000
+persons.&nbsp; The principal articles at present manufactured are
+velvets, fustians, jeans, ticking, checks, ginghams, nankeens,
+diaper, quilting, calico, muslins, muslinets, cambric
+handkerchiefs, small wares, silks, and, in fact, every variety of
+cotton and silk goods.&nbsp; There are also extensive bleaching
+grounds, works for printing and dyeing, and all other departments
+of the manufacture.&nbsp; Extensive forges, foundries, &amp;c.,
+for the machinery used, laboratories for chemical productions
+used in the trade, and mills for the manufacture of all
+descriptions of paper; engraving, as connected with the printing
+of cotton and muslin goods, is carried on to a great <a
+name="page93"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 93</span>extent; and
+there are hat manufactories, and saw mills on a very large
+scale.&nbsp; It is needless to inform the reader, that an
+inspection of some of these immense hives of labour and
+invention, will well repay the trouble of a visit.&nbsp; It is a
+proud feeling to an Englishman to know, that the productions of
+the thousand busy hands and whirling wheels around him, are
+destined to increase the comfort, refinement, or splendour of
+nations, spread far and wide over the globe: and it is a joyful
+thing to compare present greatness and secure freedom, with the
+long past years when a little bristling fortress and a tented
+field, scenes of barbaric bloodshed and grovelling slavery,
+occupied the spot of earth now devoted to usefulness, industry,
+and knowledge.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Manchester is situated on the banks of the river Irwell;
+(which here receives the tributary streams of the Irk and the
+Medlock;) on the N.W. bank lies the newly erected borough of
+Salford, connected by means of five bridges with Manchester, of
+which it forms an integral part.&nbsp; In various parts of the
+town there are altogether nearly sixty bridges.&nbsp; The town is
+well paved, and lighted with gas; and the inhabitants are
+supplied with water by the Manchester and Salford Water
+Company.&nbsp; The environs, in many parts, particularly in
+Broughton, Ardwick-green, and Gibraltar, are pleasant, and
+present many ranges of handsome residences, tasteful villas, and
+cottages.&nbsp; In the older parts of the town are several
+ancient houses, interspersed with modern dwellings, and, except
+where recent improvements have been made, the streets are <a
+name="page94"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+94</span>inconveniently narrow; the accommodation of trade being
+more studied here than elegance and symmetry of appearance.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The public buildings and institutions of Manchester are well
+worthy of its wealth and importance.&nbsp; The Exchange and
+Commercial Buildings, facing the Market-place, form a spacious
+handsome edifice, built of Runcorn stone: containing the
+News-room, Exchange, Library, Post-office, Chamber of Commerce, a
+spacious Dining-room, and other apartments.&nbsp; The members of
+the Literary and Philosophical Society have a suitable building
+for their meetings, and have published many volumes of
+Transactions in the English, French, and German languages, which
+are much circulated on the continent.&nbsp; The Royal
+Institution, embracing a variety of objects connected with
+literature, science, and the fine arts, has a fine building in
+the Grecian style, from a design by Mr. Barry, forming a splendid
+addition to the architectural ornaments of the town.&nbsp; The
+centre comprises the Hall and Lecture Theatre, lighted by a
+lantern from the ceiling, which may be darkened instantaneously
+at the will of the lecturer.&nbsp; One of the wings is
+appropriated as the Academy of the Fine Arts, with
+Exhibition-rooms, and the other as a Museum of Natural
+History.&nbsp; The whole cost of this elegant pile was estimated
+at &pound;50,000.&nbsp; The Town Hall is a noble edifice, from a
+design by Mr. F. Goodwin, after the model of the Temple of
+Erectheus, at Athens, with a beautiful tower and dome in the
+centre, resembling the Tower of Andronicus, called &ldquo;The
+Temple of Winds:&rdquo; it contains various apartments for
+transacting the <a name="page95"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+95</span>public business of the town, and one splendid room, 132
+feet long, decorated with great elegance.&nbsp; The Town Hall at
+Salford is a handsome and commodious stone edifice by the same
+architect.&nbsp; The Society for promoting the study of natural
+history, has a valuable and extensive Museum also; and the town
+possesses flourishing Mechanics&rsquo; Institutions, Philological
+Society, Agricultural Society, Botanic Garden, several Libraries,
+two Theatres, Assembly-rooms, Concert-rooms, Annual Races, and
+Triennial Musical Festivals.&nbsp; There are twenty-six churches
+and chapels belonging to the Establishment, and more than fifty
+places of worship for the various denominations of
+Dissenters.&nbsp; The windows of St. John&rsquo;s Church, in
+Byrom-street, contain some very ancient and beautiful stained
+glass, brought from a convent in Rouen; also, pictures in the
+vestry, and a fine piece of sculpture, by Flaxman.&nbsp; The Free
+Grammar School, founded in the 7th of Henry VIII., has a revenue
+of &pound;4,000, and the number of scholars is from 150 to
+200.&nbsp; The Blue Coat, St. Paul&rsquo;s, Lancasterian,
+National, and Infants&rsquo; Schools, are all highly useful, and
+well-supported establishments; and the various Sunday Schools
+instruct as many as 30,000 children.&nbsp; The Hospitals and
+other Charitable Institutions are equally extensive in their
+sphere of usefulness, and together with the establishments before
+mentioned, worthy of the wealth, intelligence, and liberality of
+this great and important town.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Among the distinguished natives of Manchester, or persons who
+have been otherwise connected with it, may be enumerated, William
+Crabtree, an astronomical <a name="page96"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 96</span>writer, and inventor of the
+micrometer, born at Broughton and killed at the battle of Marston
+Moor in 1644; John Byrom, a poet, and author of a system of
+shorthand; John Ferriar, M.D., author of Illustrations of Sterne,
+&amp;c.; Thomas Barritt, the antiquary and heraldist; Thomas
+Faulkner, an enterprising traveller, who published the earliest
+account of Patagonia, and died in 1774; the Rev. John Whittaker,
+the Manchester historian; and others of less renown.&nbsp;
+Manchester gives the title of duke and earl to the family of
+Montague.&nbsp; The market days are Tuesday, Thursday, and
+Saturday; fairs on Easter Monday and Tuesday, and October 1 and
+2.&nbsp; Salford fairs begin on Whit Monday, for twenty-one days;
+and on November 17, for the same time.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The information required by the traveller respecting inns,
+places of public resort, &amp;c., will be found in the Appendix,
+under the head of Manchester.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">END OF THE
+ROUTE.</span></p>
+<h2>REGULATIONS OF THE GRAND JUNCTION AND LIVERPOOL AND
+MANCHESTER RAILWAY COMPANIES.</h2>
+<p style="text-align: center">
+<a href="images/ptrain1.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Train of the Period"
+title=
+"Train of the Period"
+src="images/ptrain1.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<h3><i>REGULATIONS OF THE GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY
+COMPANY</i>.</h3>
+<p><span class="smcap">Time of departure</span>.&mdash;The doors
+of the Booking Office are closed precisely at the time appointed
+for starting, after which no passenger can be admitted.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Booking</span>.&mdash;There are no Booking
+Places, except at the Company&rsquo;s Offices at the respective
+Stations. Each Booking Ticket for the First Class Trains is
+numbered to correspond with the seat taken.&nbsp; The places by
+the mixed Trains are not numbered.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Luggage</span>.&mdash;Each
+Passenger&rsquo;s Luggage will, as far as practicable, be placed
+on the roof of the coach in which he has taken his place; carpet
+bags and small luggage may be placed underneath the seat opposite
+to that which the owner occupies. No charge for <i>bona fide</i>
+luggage belonging to the passenger under 100lb. weight; above
+that weight, a charge is made at the rate of 1d. per lb. for the
+whole distance.&nbsp; No kind of merchandise allowed to be taken
+as luggage.&nbsp; The attention of travellers is requested to the
+legal notice exhibited at the different stations, respecting the
+limitation of the Company&rsquo;s liabilities to the loss or
+damage of luggage.&nbsp; All passengers by Railway will do well
+to have their luggage distinctly marked with their names and
+destination.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Gentlemen&rsquo;s carriages and
+horses</span>.&mdash;Gentlemen&rsquo;s carriages and horses must
+be at the Stations at least a quarter of an hour before the time
+of departure.&nbsp; A supply of trucks are kept at all the
+<i>principal</i> Stations on the line; but to prevent
+disappointment it is recommended that previous notice should be
+given, when practicable, at the Station where they may be
+required.&nbsp; No charge for landing or embarking carriages or
+horses on any part of the line.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Road stations</span>.&mdash;Passengers
+intending to join the Trains at any of the stopping places are
+desired to be in good time, as the train will leave each Station
+as soon as ready, without reference to the time stated in the
+tables, the main object being to perform the whole journey as
+expeditiously as possible.&nbsp; Passengers will be booked only
+conditionally upon there being room on the arrival of the Trains,
+and they will have the preference of seats in the order in which
+they are booked.&nbsp; No persons are booked after the arrival of
+the Train.&mdash;All persons are requested to get into and alight
+from the coaches invariably on the left side, as the only certain
+means of preventing accidents from Trains passing in an opposite
+direction.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Conductors</span>, <span
+class="smcap">guards</span>, <span class="smcap">and
+Porters</span>.&mdash;Every Train is provided with Guards, and a
+Conductor, who is responsible for the order and regularity of the
+journey.&nbsp; The Company&rsquo;s Porters will load and unload
+the luggage, and put it into or upon any omnibus or other
+carriage at any of the Stations.&nbsp; No fees or gratuities
+allowed to be received by the Conductors, Guards, Porters, or
+other persons in the service of the Company.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Smoking</span>, <span
+class="smcap">selling of liquors</span>, &amp;c.&mdash;No smoking
+is allowed in the Station-houses, or in any of the coaches, even
+with the consent of the passengers.&nbsp; A substantial breakfast
+may be had at the Station-house at Birmingham, by parties, going
+by the early train; but no person is allowed to sell liquors or
+eatables of any kind upon the line.&mdash;The Company earnestly
+hope that the public will co-operate with them in enforcing this
+regulation, as it will be the means of removing a cause of delay,
+and will greatly diminish the chance of accident.</p>
+<p>Goods sent to Birmingham, Manchester, or Liverpool, by the
+evening Trains, are generally delivered early on the following
+morning.</p>
+<h3>CONVEYANCES TO LOCAL TOWNS FROM STATIONS.</h3>
+<h4>BESCOT BRIDGE.</h4>
+<p>Conveyance.&mdash;A light Van runs from this Station to
+Walsall for the conveyance of passengers.</p>
+<h4>WOLVERHAMPTON.</h4>
+<p>Conveyances.&mdash;Two Omnibuses from the town meet all the
+Trains.&nbsp; Coaches to Shrewsbury, through Shiffnal and
+Wellington, from the New Hotel:&mdash;Royal Mail, 7&frac12; a.m.;
+Swallow, 8&frac12; a.m.; *Prince of Wales, 12&frac34; p.m.;
+Wonder, 7&frac14; p.m.&nbsp; To Shrewsbury, from the Crown and
+Cushion:&mdash;Salopian, 3&frac14; p.m., through Shiffnal,
+Madeley and Ironbridge.&nbsp; To Shrewsbury, from the Railway
+Station:&mdash;An Omnibus, 3 p.m., through Shiffnal and
+Wellington.&nbsp; To Dudley 6&frac34; a.m.; *1&frac12; p.m.;
+*4&frac12; p.m.; *6&frac12; p.m.&nbsp; To Bridgenorth, 4 p.m.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Marked thus (*) do not run on
+Sundays.</p>
+<h4>STAFFORD.</h4>
+<p>Conveyances.&mdash;Omnibuses are in attendance to convey
+passengers to any part of the town.&nbsp; Coaches to
+Burton-on-Trent, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, &amp;c., 12&frac12;
+p.m.&nbsp; Rugeley and Lichfield, 3&frac34;p.m.&nbsp; Stone and
+Newcastle, 4&frac12; p.m.&nbsp; Stone and Potteries, 7 p.m.</p>
+<h4>WHITMORE.</h4>
+<p>Conveyances.&mdash;Coaches daily to Shrewsbury, through Market
+Drayton.&nbsp; A Coach through Newcastle to the Potteries
+daily.&nbsp; The Pottery Company and Green&rsquo;s Omnibuses
+daily to Newcastle and Potteries.</p>
+<h4>BASFORD AND MADELEY STATIONS.</h4>
+<p>Conveyances.&mdash;Conveyances are in waiting at these
+Stations to take passengers and goods to Newcastle, the
+Potteries, or any other place.</p>
+<h4>CREWE.</h4>
+<p>Conveyances.&mdash;A Coach from Macclesfield, through
+Congleton and Sandbach, to Crewe Station, twice daily.&nbsp; A
+Coach to Whitchurch, daily.&nbsp; An Omnibus from Nantwich to
+Crewe, to meet all the Trains, and convey passengers to
+Nantwich.</p>
+<h4>HARTFORD.</h4>
+<p>Conveyances.&mdash;Adams&rsquo; Omnibus (with the letter bags)
+to Northwich and Knutsford, morning and evening.&nbsp; Mail to
+Chester and Tarporley, daily.&nbsp; From Chester there are
+Coaches to all parts of North and South Wales.</p>
+<h4>PRESTON-BROOK.</h4>
+<p>Conveyances.&mdash;Leaves Wilson&rsquo;s Hotel, Runcorn,
+morning and afternoon, to meet the Trains, and return on the
+arrival of the Trains at this station.</p>
+<h4>WARRINGTON.</h4>
+<p>Conveyances.&mdash;Omnibuses are in attendance to convey
+passengers to any part of the town.&nbsp; Chaises, Cars, or Gigs,
+to be had in a few minutes&rsquo; notice.&nbsp; Coaches to
+Macclesfield, Stockport, Liverpool, Carlisle, Edinburgh, and all
+parts of the North.</p>
+<h3>TABLE OF FARES AND DISTANCES.</h3>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p>BIRMINGHAM</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="28"><p>BIRMINGHAM</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Perry Barr</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">3&frac14;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="27"><p>Perry Barr.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Newton Road</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">6&frac12;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">3&frac12;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="26"><p>Newton Road.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Bescot Bridge</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">9&frac14;<br />
+2 0&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">6<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">2&frac34;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="25"><p>Bescot Bridge.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>James&rsquo;s Bridge</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">10<br />
+2 0&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">6&frac34;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">3&frac12;<br />
+1 6 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">&frac34;<br />
+16&nbsp; 10</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="24"><p>James&rsquo;s Bridge.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Willenhall</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">11&frac34;<br />
+2 6&nbsp; 2 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">8&frac12;<br />
+2 0&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">5&frac14;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">2&frac12;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">1&frac34;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="23"><p>Willenhall.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><b>WOLVERHAMPTON</b></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">14&frac14;<br />
+3 0&nbsp; 2 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">10&frac34;<br />
+2 6&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">7&frac12;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">4&frac34;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">4<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">2&frac14;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="22"><p><b>WOLVERHAMPTON.</b></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Four Ashes</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">20<br />
+4 0&nbsp; 3 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">16&frac12;<br />
+3 6&nbsp; 3 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">13&frac14;<br />
+3 0&nbsp; 2 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">10&frac12;<br />
+2 6&nbsp; 2 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">9&frac34;<br />
+2 6&nbsp; 2 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">8<br />
+2 0&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">5&frac34;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="21"><p>Four Ashes.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Spread Eagle</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">21&frac12;<br />
+4 6&nbsp; 3 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">18<br />
+4 0&nbsp; 3 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">14&frac34;<br />
+3 6&nbsp; 2 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">12<br />
+3 0&nbsp; 2 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">11&frac14;<br />
+2 6&nbsp; 2 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">9&frac12;<br />
+2 0&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">7&frac14;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">1&frac12;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="20"><p>Spread Eagle.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Penkridge</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">24<br />
+5 0&nbsp; 4 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">20&frac12;<br />
+4 6&nbsp; 3 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">17&frac14;<br />
+4 0&nbsp; 3 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">14&frac12;<br />
+3 6&nbsp; 2 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">13&frac34;<br />
+3 0&nbsp; 2 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">12<br />
+3 0&nbsp; 2 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">9&frac34;<br />
+2 6&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">4<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">2&frac12;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="19"><p>Penkridge.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><b>STAFFORD</b></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">29&frac14;<br />
+6 0&nbsp; 5 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">25&frac34;<br />
+5 6&nbsp; 4 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">22&frac12;<br />
+5 0&nbsp; 4 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">19&frac34;<br />
+4 6&nbsp; 3 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">19<br />
+4 6&nbsp; 3 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">17&frac14;<br />
+4 0&nbsp; 3 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">15<br />
+3 6&nbsp; 2 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">9&frac14;<br />
+2 0&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">7&frac34;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">5&frac14;<br />
+16 10</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="18"><p><b>STAFFORD</b>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Bridgeford</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">32&frac12;<br />
+7 0&nbsp; 5 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">29&frac14;<br />
+6 0&nbsp; 5 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">26<br />
+6 0&nbsp; 4 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">23&frac14;<br />
+5 6&nbsp; 4 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">22&frac12;<br />
+5 0&nbsp; 4 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">20&frac34;<br />
+5 0&nbsp; 3 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">18&frac12;<br />
+4 6&nbsp; 3 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">12&frac34;<br />
+2 6&nbsp; 2 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">11&frac14;<br />
+2 6&nbsp; 2 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">8&frac34;<br />
+2 0&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">3&frac12;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="17"><p>Bridgeford.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Norton Bridge</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">35<br />
+7 6&nbsp; 6 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">31&frac12;<br />
+6 6&nbsp; 5 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">28&frac14;<br />
+6 0&nbsp; 5 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">25&frac12;<br />
+6 0&nbsp; 4 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">24&frac34;<br />
+5 6&nbsp; 4 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">23<br />
+5 6&nbsp; 4 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">20&frac34;<br />
+5 0&nbsp; 3 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">15<br />
+3 6&nbsp; 2 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">13&frac12;<br />
+3 0&nbsp; 2 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">11<br />
+2 6&nbsp; 2 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">5&frac34;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">2&frac14;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="16"><p>Norton Bridge.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><b>WHITMORE</b></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">43&frac14;<br />
+9 6&nbsp; 8 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">39&frac34;<br />
+8 6&nbsp; 7 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">36&frac12;<br />
+8 0&nbsp; 6 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">33&frac34;<br />
+7 6&nbsp; 6 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">33<br />
+7 6&nbsp; 6 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">31&frac14;<br />
+7 0&nbsp; 5 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">29<br />
+6 6&nbsp; 5 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">23&frac14;<br />
+5 0&nbsp; 4 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">21&frac34;<br />
+4 6&nbsp; 4 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">19&frac14;<br />
+4 0&nbsp; 3 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">14<br />
+3 0&nbsp; 2 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">10&frac12;<br />
+2 0&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">8&frac14;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="15"><p><b>WHITMORE</b>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Madeley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">46<br />
+10 0&nbsp; 8 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">42&frac12;<br />
+9 0&nbsp; 7 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">39&frac14;<br />
+8 6&nbsp; 7 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">36&frac12;<br />
+8 0&nbsp; 7 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">35&frac34;<br />
+7 6&nbsp; 6 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">34<br />
+7 6&nbsp; 6 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">31&frac34;<br />
+7 0&nbsp; 5 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">26<br />
+6 0&nbsp; 5 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">24&frac12;<br />
+5 6&nbsp; 4 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">22<br />
+5 0&nbsp; 4 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">16&frac34;<br />
+4 0&nbsp; 3 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">13&frac14;<br />
+3 0&nbsp; 2 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">11<br />
+2 6&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">2&frac34;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="14"><p>Madeley.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Basford</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">51<br />
+12 0&nbsp; 10 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">47&frac12;<br />
+10 6&nbsp; 9 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">44<br />
+10 6&nbsp; 8 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">41&frac12;<br />
+10 0&nbsp; 8 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">41<br />
+10 0&nbsp; 8 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">39<br />
+9 6&nbsp; 7 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">37<br />
+9 0&nbsp; 7 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">31<br />
+7 6&nbsp; 6 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">29<br />
+7 0&nbsp; 5 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">27<br />
+6 6&nbsp; 5 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">22<br />
+5 0&nbsp; 4 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">18<br />
+4 6&nbsp; 4 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">16<br />
+4 0&nbsp; 3 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">8<br />
+2 6&nbsp; 2 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">5<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="13"><p>Basford.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><b>CREWE</b></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">54<br />
+12 0&nbsp; 10 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">50&frac12;<br />
+10 6&nbsp; 9 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">47&frac14;<br />
+10 6&nbsp; 8 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">44&frac12;<br />
+10 0&nbsp; 8 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">43&frac34;<br />
+10 0&nbsp; 8 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">42<br />
+9 6&nbsp; 7 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">39&frac34;<br />
+9 0&nbsp; 7 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">34<br />
+7 6&nbsp; 6 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">32&frac12;<br />
+7 0&nbsp; 5 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">30<br />
+6 6&nbsp; 5 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">24&frac34;<br />
+5 0&nbsp; 4 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">21&frac14;<br />
+4 6&nbsp; 4 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">19<br />
+4 0&nbsp; 3 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">10&frac34;<br />
+2 6&nbsp; 2 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">8<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">3<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="12"><p><b>CREWE</b>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Coppenhall</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">56<br />
+12 6&nbsp; 10 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">52&frac12;<br />
+11 6&nbsp; 9 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">49&frac14;<br />
+11 6&nbsp; 9 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">46&frac12;<br />
+10 6&nbsp; 9 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">45&frac34;<br />
+10 0&nbsp; 8 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">44<br />
+9 6&nbsp;&nbsp; 8 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">41&frac34;<br />
+9 0&nbsp; 7 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">36<br />
+7 6&nbsp; 7 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">34&frac12;<br />
+7 6&nbsp; 6 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">32<br />
+6 6&nbsp; 6 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">26&frac34;<br />
+5 6&nbsp; 5 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">23&frac14;<br />
+5 0&nbsp; 4 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">21<br />
+4 6&nbsp; 4 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">12&frac34;<br />
+2 6&nbsp; 2 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">10<br />
+2 0&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">5<br />
+2 0&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">2<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="11"><p>Coppenhall.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Minshull Vernon</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">58&frac34;<br />
+13 0&nbsp; 11 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">55&frac14;<br />
+12 6&nbsp; 10 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">52<br />
+11 6&nbsp; 10 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">49&frac14;<br />
+11 0&nbsp; 9 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">48&frac12;<br />
+11 0&nbsp; 9 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">46&frac34;<br />
+10 6&nbsp; 8 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">44&frac12;<br />
+10 0&nbsp; 8 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">38&frac34;<br />
+8 6&nbsp; 7 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">37&frac14;<br />
+8 6&nbsp; 7 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">34&frac34;<br />
+8 0&nbsp; 6 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">29&frac12;<br />
+6 6&nbsp; 5 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">26<br />
+5 6&nbsp; 5 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">23&frac34;<br />
+5 6&nbsp; 4 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">15&frac12;<br />
+3 6&nbsp; 3 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">12&frac34;<br />
+3 0&nbsp; 2 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">8<br />
+3 0&nbsp; 2 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">4&frac34;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">2&frac34;<br />
+16 10</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="10"><p>Minshull Vernon.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Winsford</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">61&frac14;<br />
+13 6&nbsp; 11 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">57&frac34;<br />
+12 6&nbsp; 11 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">54&frac12;<br />
+12 0&nbsp; 10 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">51&frac34;<br />
+11 6&nbsp; 10 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">51<br />
+11 0&nbsp; 9 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">49&frac14;<br />
+10 6&nbsp; 9 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">47<br />
+10 0&nbsp; 9 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">41&frac14;<br />
+9 0&nbsp; 8 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">39&frac34;<br />
+8 6&nbsp; 7 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">37&frac14;<br />
+8 6&nbsp; 7 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">32<br />
+7 0&nbsp; 6 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">28&frac12;<br />
+6 6&nbsp; 5 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">26&frac14;<br />
+6 0&nbsp; 5 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">18<br />
+4 6&nbsp; 3 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">15&frac14;<br />
+3 0&nbsp; 2 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">10<br />
+3 0&nbsp; 2 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">7&frac14;<br />
+1 6 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">5&frac14;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">2&frac12;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="9"><p>Winsford.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><b>HARTFORD</b> *</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">65&frac34;<br />
+14 0&nbsp; 12 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">62&frac34;<br />
+13 6&nbsp; 11 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">59<br />
+13 0&nbsp; 11 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">56&frac14;<br />
+12 0&nbsp; 10 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">55&frac12;<br />
+11 6&nbsp; 10 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">53&frac34;<br />
+11 0&nbsp; 9 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">51&frac12;<br />
+10 6&nbsp; 9 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">45&frac34;<br />
+10 0&nbsp; 8 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">44&frac14;<br />
+9 6&nbsp; 8 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">41&frac34;<br />
+9 0&nbsp; 7 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">36&frac12;<br />
+7 6&nbsp; 6 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">33<br />
+7 0&nbsp; 6 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">30&frac34;<br />
+6 6&nbsp; 5 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">22&frac12;<br />
+5 0&nbsp; 4 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">19&frac34;<br />
+4 0&nbsp; 3 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">15<br />
+4 0&nbsp; 3 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">11&frac34;<br />
+2 6&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">9&frac34;<br />
+2 0&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">7<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">4&frac12;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="8"><p><b>HARTFORD</b>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Acton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">68&frac14;<br />
+15 0&nbsp; 12 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">64&frac34;<br />
+14 6&nbsp; 12 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">61&frac12;<br />
+14 0&nbsp; 11 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">58&frac34;<br />
+13 6&nbsp; 11 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">58<br />
+13 0&nbsp; 11 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">56&frac14;<br />
+12 6&nbsp; 10 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">54<br />
+12 0&nbsp; 10 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">48&frac12;<br />
+10 6&nbsp; 9 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">46&frac34;<br />
+10 0&nbsp; 8 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">44&frac14;<br />
+9 6&nbsp; 8 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">39<br />
+8 6&nbsp; 7 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">35&frac12;<br />
+8 0&nbsp; 6 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">33&frac14;<br />
+7 6&nbsp; 6 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">25<br />
+5 6&nbsp; 4 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">22&frac14;<br />
+5 0&nbsp; 4 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">17<br />
+5 0&nbsp; 4 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">14&frac14;<br />
+3 0&nbsp; 2 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">12&frac14;<br />
+2 6&nbsp; 2 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">9&frac12;<br />
+2 0&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">7<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">2&frac12;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="7"><p>Acton.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Preston Brook</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">72&frac12;<br />
+15 6&nbsp; 13 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">69<br />
+15 0&nbsp; 13 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">65&frac34;<br />
+14 0&nbsp; 12 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">63<br />
+13 6&nbsp; 12 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">62&frac14;<br />
+13 6&nbsp; 12 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">60&frac12;<br />
+13 0&nbsp; 11 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">58&frac14;<br />
+12 6&nbsp; 11 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">52&frac12;<br />
+11 0&nbsp; 9 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">51<br />
+11 0&nbsp; 9 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">48&frac12;<br />
+10 6&nbsp; 9 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">43&frac14;<br />
+9 6&nbsp; 8 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">39&frac34;<br />
+8 6&nbsp; 7 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">37&frac12;<br />
+8 6&nbsp; 7 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">29&frac14;<br />
+6 6&nbsp; 5 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">26&frac12;<br />
+5 6&nbsp; 5 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">21&frac12;<br />
+5 6&nbsp; 5 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">18&frac12;<br />
+4 0&nbsp; 3 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">16&frac12;<br />
+3 6&nbsp; 3 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">13&frac34;<br />
+3 0&nbsp; 2 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">11&frac14;<br />
+2 6&nbsp; 2 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">6&frac34;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">4&frac14;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="6"><p>Preston Brook.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Moore</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">75<br />
+16 0&nbsp; 14 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">71&frac12;<br />
+15 6&nbsp; 13 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">68&frac14;<br />
+14 6&nbsp; 13 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">65&frac14;<br />
+14 0&nbsp; 12 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">64&frac34;<br />
+13 6&nbsp; 12 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">63<br />
+13 0&nbsp; 12 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">60&frac34;<br />
+12 6&nbsp; 11 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">55<br />
+11 6&nbsp; 10 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">53&frac12;<br />
+11 0&nbsp; 10 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">51<br />
+10 6&nbsp; 9 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">45&frac34;<br />
+10 0&nbsp; 8 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">42&frac14;<br />
+9 0&nbsp; 7 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">40<br />
+9 0&nbsp; 7 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">31&frac34;<br />
+7 0&nbsp; 6 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">29<br />
+6 0&nbsp; 5 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">24<br />
+6 0&nbsp; 5 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">21<br />
+4 6&nbsp; 4 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">19<br />
+4 0&nbsp; 3 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">16&frac14;<br />
+3 6&nbsp; 3 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">13&frac34;<br />
+3 0&nbsp; 2 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">9&frac14;<br />
+2 0&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">6&frac34;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">2&frac12;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="5"><p>Moore.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><b>WARRINGTON</b></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">78<br />
+17 0&nbsp; 14 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">74&frac12;<br />
+16 0&nbsp; 14 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">71&frac14;<br />
+15 6&nbsp; 13 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">68&frac14;<br />
+15 0&nbsp; 13 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">67&frac34;<br />
+14 6&nbsp; 12 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">66<br />
+14 0&nbsp; 12 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">63&frac34;<br />
+13 6&nbsp; 12 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">58<br />
+12 0&nbsp; 11 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">56&frac14;<br />
+12 0&nbsp; 10 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">54<br />
+11 6&nbsp; 10 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">48&frac34;<br />
+10 6&nbsp; 9 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">45&frac14;<br />
+9 6&nbsp; 8 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">43<br />
+9 0&nbsp; 8 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">34&frac34;<br />
+7 6&nbsp; 6 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">32<br />
+6 6&nbsp; 5 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">27<br />
+6 6&nbsp; 5 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">24<br />
+5 0&nbsp; 4 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">22<br />
+4 6&nbsp; 4 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">19&frac14;<br />
+4 0&nbsp; 3 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">16&frac34;<br />
+3 6&nbsp; 3 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">12&frac14;<br />
+2 6&nbsp; 2 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">9&frac34;<br />
+2 0&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">5&frac12;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">3<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="4"><p><b>WARRINTON</b>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Newton Junction</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">82&frac34;<br />
+18 0&nbsp; 15 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">79&frac14;<br />
+17 6&nbsp; 14 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">76<br />
+16 6 14 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">73&frac14;<br />
+16 0&nbsp; 14 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">72&frac12;<br />
+15 6&nbsp; 13 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">70&frac34;<br />
+15 0&nbsp; 13 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">68&frac12;<br />
+15 0&nbsp; 13 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">62&frac34;<br />
+14 0&nbsp; 12 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">61&frac14;<br />
+13 6&nbsp; 11 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">58&frac34;<br />
+13 0&nbsp; 11 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">53&frac12;<br />
+11 6&nbsp; 10 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">50<br />
+11 0&nbsp; 9 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">47&frac34;<br />
+10 6&nbsp; 8 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">39&frac12;<br />
+8 0&nbsp; 7 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">36&frac34;<br />
+7 6&nbsp; 6 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">32<br />
+7 6&nbsp; 6 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">28&frac34;<br />
+6 0&nbsp; 5 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">26&frac34;<br />
+5 6&nbsp; 4 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">24<br />
+5 0&nbsp; 4 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">21&frac12;<br />
+5 0&nbsp; 4 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">17<br />
+3 6&nbsp; 3 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">14&frac12;<br />
+3 0&nbsp; 2 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">10&frac14;<br />
+2 0&nbsp; 1 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">7&frac34;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">4&frac34;<br />
+1 6&nbsp; 1 0</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p>Newton Junction.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><b>MANCHESTER</b></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">97&frac14;<br />
+21 0&nbsp; 17 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">94<br />
+21 0&nbsp; 17 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">90&frac14;<br />
+21 0&nbsp; 16 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">88<br />
+19 6&nbsp; 16 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">87&frac14;<br />
+19 6&nbsp; 16 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">85&frac12;<br />
+19 0&nbsp; 15 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">83&frac14;<br />
+19 0&nbsp; 15 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">77&frac12;<br />
+16 6&nbsp; 14 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">76<br />
+16 6&nbsp; 14 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">73&frac12;<br />
+16 0&nbsp; 13 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">68&frac14;<br />
+15 0&nbsp; 12 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">64&frac34;<br />
+14 0&nbsp; 12 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">62&frac12;<br />
+13 6&nbsp; 11 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">54&frac14;<br />
+12 0&nbsp; 10 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">51&frac12;<br />
+11 0&nbsp; 9 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">46&frac12;<br />
+11 0&nbsp; 9 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">43&frac12;<br />
+9 6&nbsp; 8 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">41&frac14;<br />
+9 0&nbsp; 7 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">38&frac34;<br />
+8 0&nbsp; 7 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">36&frac14;<br />
+7 6&nbsp; 6 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">31&frac34;<br />
+7 0&nbsp; 6 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">29&frac14;<br />
+6 0&nbsp; 5 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">25<br />
+5 6&nbsp; 4 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">22&frac12;<br />
+5 0&nbsp; 4 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">19&frac12;<br />
+4 0&nbsp; 3 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">14&frac34;<br />
+4 0&nbsp; 3 6</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align:
+center"><b>MANCHESTER</b>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><b>LIVERPOOL</b></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">97&frac14;<br />
+21 0&nbsp; 17 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">94<br />
+21 0&nbsp; 17 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">90&frac34;<br />
+21 0&nbsp; 16 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">88<br />
+19 6&nbsp; 16 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">87&frac14;<br />
+19 6&nbsp; 16 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">85&frac12;<br />
+19 0&nbsp; 15 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">83&frac14;<br />
+19 0&nbsp; 15 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">72&frac12;<br />
+16 6&nbsp; 14 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">76<br />
+16 6&nbsp; 14 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">73&frac12;<br />
+16 0&nbsp; 13 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">68&frac14;<br />
+15 0&nbsp; 12 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">64&frac34;<br />
+14 0&nbsp; 12 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">62&frac12;<br />
+13 6&nbsp; 11 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">54&frac14;<br />
+12 0&nbsp; 10 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">51&frac12;<br />
+11 0&nbsp; 9 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">46&frac12;<br />
+11 0&nbsp; 9 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">43&frac12;<br />
+9 6&nbsp; 8 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">41&frac14;<br />
+9 0&nbsp; 7 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">38&frac34;<br />
+8 0&nbsp; 7 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">36&frac14;<br />
+7 6&nbsp; 6 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">31&frac34;<br />
+7 0&nbsp; 6 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">29&frac14;<br />
+6 0&nbsp; 5 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">25<br />
+5 6&nbsp; 4 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">22&frac12;<br />
+5 0&nbsp; 4 0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">19&frac12;<br />
+4 0&nbsp; 3 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">14&frac34;<br />
+4 0&nbsp; 3 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">30<br />
+6 0&nbsp; 4 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><b>LIVERPOOL</b>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><i>Explanation</i>.&mdash;To find the fare and distance from
+one station to another&mdash;say Stafford to Wolverhampton.&nbsp;
+Find Stafford in the first column, carry your eye along the
+column opposite to which it is placed until you arrive at
+Wolverhampton placed in the slanting column, and there the fare
+and distance will be found.</p>
+<p><sup>*</sup><sub>*</sub><sup>*</sup>&nbsp; The figures at the
+top of each square denote the distance, those on the left hand
+the fare by the <i>first</i> class carriages, (<i>whether in
+first class or mixed class trains</i>) and those on the right
+hand the fare by the <i>second</i> class carriages.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">[<i>Entered at Stationer&rsquo;s
+Hall</i>.]</p>
+<p>* The Fares from Stations above Hartford, to Stations on the
+Manchester and Liverpool Line, are the same as to Manchester and
+Liverpool.&nbsp; But the Fares from Hartford, Acton, Preston
+Brook, Moore, and Warrington, to the Stations on the Manchester
+and Liverpool Line, are in proportion to the distance.</p>
+<p>The Fare from Birmingham to any Station on the Liverpool and
+Manchester Line is in proportion.</p>
+<p>N.B.&mdash;The Mixed Trains also take up and set down
+Passengers <i>to or from any part of the Grand Junction
+Railway</i>, at all the usual Stopping Places on the Liverpool
+and Manchester Railway.&mdash;An allowance is <i>included</i> in
+the above Tables of five minutes for <i>all</i> the Trains at the
+<i>principal</i> Stations, and of three minutes for <i>the Mixed
+Trains</i>, at the intermediate stopping places.&mdash;No Fare is
+less than One Shilling by the principal Trains.&mdash;The Fare
+between the intermediate Stopping Places is at the rate of about
+2&frac12;d. per mile for First, and 1&frac12;d. for Second Class
+Passengers.&nbsp; Tables of which are kept at each of the
+Stations.</p>
+<p>Parties arriving at Birmingham by the early Trains, can go on
+in the same carriage to the London and Birmingham Railway
+Station, and so proceed by the London Train.</p>
+<h4>Departures</h4>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">FROM LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO
+BIRMINGHAM.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3 <span
+class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>First, joins London Train at</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8 30 <span
+class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6 30 <span
+class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Mixed ,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">12 30 <span
+class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9 15 <span
+class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>1st Class ,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2 30 <span
+class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11 30 <span
+class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>1st Class ,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4 30 <span
+class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4 30 <span
+class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Mixed</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6 <span
+class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>1st Class ,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11 30 <span
+class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4"><p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">FROM BIRMINGHAM TO LIVERPOOL AND
+MANCHESTER.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3 <span
+class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>First</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2 30 <span
+class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>1st Class</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6 <span
+class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Mixed Train</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4 <span
+class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Mixed</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11 30 <span
+class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>1st Class</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 <span
+class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>1st Class</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>The 3 <span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span> Train from Liverpool
+starts from the Station, Edge Hill, to which place any Passenger
+wishing to go by this Train must proceed to take his place.</p>
+<h4>On Sundays.</h4>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">FROM LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO
+BIRMINGHAM.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3 <span
+class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>First, joins London Train at</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8 30 <span
+class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 30 <span
+class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Mixed ,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1 30 <span
+class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11 30 <span
+class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6 <span
+class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11 30 <span
+class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">FROM BIRMINGHAM TO LIVERPOOL AND
+MANCHESTER.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3 <span
+class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 30 <span
+class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Mixed</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11 30 <span
+class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Mixed</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 <span
+class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p style="text-align: center">The Trains on Sundays stop at First
+Class Stations only.</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">By the Trains at 3</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9 15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>on week days, and at</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">on</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11 30</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 30</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Sundays</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">and 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">and 6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>First Class Passengers, Horses, and Carriages will, if
+required, be booked throughout from Liverpool and Manchester
+only, to London, (but not to any other place on the London and
+Birmingham Line for the present,) without change of Carriage at
+Birmingham. A certain number only can be booked by each train in
+this manner.</p>
+<p>No Horses can be booked further than Birmingham, unless they
+belong to a Carriage or Passenger accompanying one of the
+above-mentioned Trains.</p>
+<p>Horses and Carriages should be at the Stations and booked at
+least a quarter of an hour before the time of departure.</p>
+<h4>Fares.</h4>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">BETWEEN LIVERPOOL OR MANCHESTER AND
+BIRMINGHAM.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">FROM LIVERPOOL OR MANCHESTER TO LONDON, WHEN
+BOOKED THROUGHOUT AS ABOVE</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&pound;.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">s.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Six Inside 1st Class Coach</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Second Class Closed Carriages</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">17</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center">Day Trains.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Third Class Open Carriage by 6&frac12; a.m. Train from
+Liverpool or Manchester, and by 6 a.m. Train from Birmingham</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p>6 Inside Coach, G.J. 21s. London &pound;1.
+10s. = &pound;2. 11s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p>Passengers booked by this conveyance for the
+entire distance only.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p>4 Inside Coach, G.J. 23s. London &pound;1.
+10s. = &pound;2. 13s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p>Children under Ten Years of age Half Price.
+Ditto in arms free</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center">Night Trains.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p>6 Inside Coach, G.J. 21s. London &pound;1.
+12s. 6d. = &pound;2. 13s. 6d.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p>4 Inside Coach, G.J. 23s. London &pound;1.
+12s. 6d. = &pound;2. 15s. 6d.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>One Horse</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>G.J. &pound;2 London &pound;2. 10s =</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&pound;4.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">10s</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Two Horses, if one property and in one box.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,&nbsp;&nbsp; &pound;3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ,,&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&pound;5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&pound;8</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Three do do</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,&nbsp;&nbsp; &pound;4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ,,&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&pound;6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&pound;10</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Dogs each</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Gentlemen&rsquo;s Carriages, four wheels</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,&nbsp;&nbsp; &pound;3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ,,&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&pound;3. 15s =</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&pound;6.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">15s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Do&nbsp;&nbsp; do&nbsp;&nbsp; two wheels</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,&nbsp;&nbsp; &pound;2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ,,&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&pound;3. 15s =</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&pound;5.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">15s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Passengers in Private Carriages</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">17</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,&nbsp; 17s. Lond. (20s. Day</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&pound;1.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">17s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>25s. Night</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&pound;2.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Servants</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">14</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,&nbsp; 14s.&nbsp;&nbsp; ,,&nbsp; 20s. Day</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&pound;1.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">14s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>25s. Night</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&pound;1.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">19s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Grooms in charge of Horses, if riding with them in the
+box.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">14</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Servants, in attendance on their Employers, may ride
+outside, if there be room, by First Class Trains, at Second Class
+Fares.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">17</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>For intermediate distances all Carriages, whether on two or
+four wheels, will be charged alike.</p>
+<p>Passengers are particularly requested to see that their
+Luggage is safely loaded on the Carriages before starting, and
+that it is legibly directed with the Owner&rsquo;s name, address,
+and destination.</p>
+<h4>Officers of the Grand Junction Railway:&mdash;</h4>
+<p>JOHN MOSS, Esq., <span class="smcap">of Liverpool</span>,
+<span class="smcap">Chairman</span>.</p>
+<p>C. LAWRENCE, Esq., <span class="smcap">of Liverpool</span>,
+<span class="smcap">Deputy Chairman</span>.</p>
+<p>J. R. CHORLEY, Esq., <span class="smcap">of Liverpool</span>,
+<span class="smcap">Treasurer</span>.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr</span>. S. EBORALL, <span
+class="smcap">Chief Agent at Birmingham</span>.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr</span>. G. BAKER, <span
+class="smcap">Chief Agent at Manchester</span>.</p>
+<h3>GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY.&mdash;CONVEYANCE OF MERCHANDISE.</h3>
+<p>The rates for the conveyances of Merchandise from Liverpool
+and Manchester to Birmingham, and from Birmingham to Liverpool
+and Manchester respectively, for the present, are as
+follows:&mdash;</p>
+<p>1st Class&mdash;Heavy hardware, 1s 6d. per cwt.&nbsp; No
+charge less than 1s. 6d.</p>
+<p>2nd Class&mdash;Bale goods, fruit, grocery, shoes, shell fish,
+wines and spirits in casks, &amp;c., &amp;c., 2s. per cwt.</p>
+<p>3rd Class&mdash;Silk goods, light trusses, toys, wines and
+spirits in bottles packed, fish, furniture, wool, tea, &amp;c.,
+&amp;c., 2s. 6d. and 3s. per cwt.</p>
+<p>4th Class&mdash;Hats, light glasses in crates, and
+milliner&rsquo;s boxes, &amp;c., 7s. per cwt.</p>
+<h3>Charge for Parcels to date from Oct. 1st, 1838, between
+Liverpool and Manchester and Birmingham.</h3>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">s.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">d.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center">Under 18lbs.
+weight.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>For any distance under 35 miles</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,, ,, above 35, and
+not exceeding 50 miles</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Entire distance</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center">Above 18lbs.
+weight.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>For any distance under 35 miles</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: right">&frac12;d. per
+lb.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,, ,, above 35, and
+not exceeding 50 miles</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: right">&frac34;d. ,,</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,, ,, ,, 50, to the
+entire distance</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: right">1d.&nbsp; ,,</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center">From Liverpool and
+Manchester to London.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>15 lbs. and under</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2s.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6d.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Above 15 lbs.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: right">2d. per lb.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>Large light packages will be charged according to the bulk,
+&amp;c., at the discretion of the Company.&nbsp; Any person
+sending a parcel is authorised to require its being booked in his
+presence, as the Company will not be answerable for any parcels
+that are not entered in their books.</p>
+<h3>LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY.</h3>
+<p>Travelling by the Liverpool and Manchester Railway,
+1838.&mdash;The following are the Times of Departure both from
+Lime Street Station, Liverpool, and from Liverpool Road Station,
+Manchester.</p>
+<p>First Class, 7, 9, 11, a.m., and 2, 3, 7, p.m.</p>
+<p>Second Class, 7&frac14;, 10, 12, a.m., and 3, 5&frac12;, 7,
+p.m.&mdash;Stopping only at Newton, except on Tuesdays and
+Saturdays, when the evening Second Class Train from Manchester
+starts at 6, instead of 5&frac12; o&rsquo;clock.</p>
+<h3>On Sundays.</h3>
+<p>First Class, 8 a.m. and 5 p.m.&mdash;Second Class, 7 a.m. and
+5&frac12; p.m.</p>
+<h4>Fares.</h4>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">s.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">d.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>By First Class train&mdash;Four inside&mdash;Royal
+Mail</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ditto&mdash;Six&nbsp;
+inside&mdash;Glass Coach</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>By 2nd Class train&mdash;Glass Coaches</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ditto&mdash;Open
+carriages</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Charge for the conveyance of Four-wheeled carriages</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">20</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ditto&mdash;Two-wheeled
+ditto</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p>Horses&mdash;For One horse 10s. &mdash;Two
+horses 18s. &mdash;Three horses 22s.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>N.B.&mdash;All Horses must be embarked at the Company&rsquo;s
+Station, EDGE HILL, (Wavertree-lane,) unless accompanying
+Carriages to which they belong; in which case they may be
+embarked at <span class="smcap">Lime Street</span>.</p>
+<h4>Luggage.</h4>
+<p><span class="smcap">Notice</span>.&mdash;To prevent loss or
+mistake of Luggage, Passengers are requested to keep charge of
+their small Packages, by placing them under their Seats, instead
+of on the Roof of the Coach.&mdash;The Weight allowed for each
+Passenger is 60lb., beyond which a Charge will be made at the
+rate of 3s. per cwt.</p>
+<h3>Liverpool and Manchester to Wigan.</h3>
+<p>By the First Class train 7 a.m.&mdash;2nd Class trains 10, 12,
+a.m. and 5&frac12; p.m.</p>
+<h4>On Sundays.</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center">By the 2nd Class Trains 7 a.m., and
+5&frac12; p.m.</p>
+<p>FARES.&mdash;From Liverpool or Manchester, 1st Class 5s.; 2nd
+Class 3s. 6d.</p>
+<h3>Liverpool and Manchester to Bolton.</h3>
+<p>By the 1st Class Train 9 a.m.&mdash;2nd Class Trains
+7&frac14;, 12, a.m., and 5&frac12; p.m.</p>
+<h4>On Sundays.</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center">By the 2nd Class Trains 7 am., and
+5&frac12; p.m.</p>
+<p>FARES.&mdash;From Liverpool, In. 5s. 6d., Out. 4s.; and from
+Manchester, 2s. 6d. and 2s.</p>
+<h3>Liverpool and Manchester to St. Helens.</h3>
+<p>By the 2nd Class Trains, 7&frac14;, 10, 12, a.m., and 3,
+5&frac12;, p.m.</p>
+<h4>On Sundays.</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center">By the 2nd Class Trains 7 a.m., and
+5&frac12; p.m.</p>
+<p>FARES.&mdash;From Liverpool In. 2s. 6d. Out 2s.; and from
+Manchester, 3s. 6d. and 2s. 6d.</p>
+<h3>Liverpool and Manchester to Runcorn Gap.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">By the 2nd Class Trains 7&frac12;
+a.m., and 3 p.m.</p>
+<h4>On Sundays.</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center">By the 2nd Class Trains 7 a.m. and
+5&frac12; p.m.</p>
+<p>FARES.&mdash;From Liverpool, In. 3s., Out. 2s. 6d.; and from
+Manchester 4s. and 3s.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h2><a name="page97"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 97</span>THE
+VISITER&rsquo;S GUIDE TO BIRMINGHAM, <a name="citation97a"></a><a
+href="#footnote97a" class="citation">[97a]</a> LIVERPOOL, AND
+MANCHESTER.</h2>
+<h3>BIRMINGHAM.</h3>
+<h4>PUBLIC BUILDINGS.</h4>
+<p>The Town Hall, <a name="citation97b"></a><a
+href="#footnote97b" class="citation">[97b]</a> situate at the top
+of New-street; open to strangers.</p>
+<p>The Free School, New-street.</p>
+<p>Market Hall, High-street.</p>
+<p>Royal School of Medicine and Surgery, Paradise-street,
+opposite the Town Hall, where an extensive Museum is at all times
+open to the public.</p>
+<p>The Society of Arts, New-street.&nbsp; Exhibition of Paintings
+open in the Autumn.</p>
+<p>Nelson&rsquo;s Monument, High-street.</p>
+<p>The Theatre Royal, New-street.</p>
+<p>News Rooms, Bennett&rsquo;s Hill.</p>
+<p>Public Office, Moor-street.</p>
+<h4>PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS.</h4>
+<p>Post Office, situate at the bottom of Bennett&rsquo;s
+Hill.</p>
+<p>Stamp Office, Colmore Row.</p>
+<p>Assay Office, Cannon-street.</p>
+<p>The Cemetery, Hockley.</p>
+<p>Proof House, Banbury-street.</p>
+<h4><a name="page98"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+98</span>LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS.</h4>
+<p>The Society of Arts, New-street.&nbsp; Exhibition of Paintings
+open in the Autumn.</p>
+<p>Philosophical Institution, Cannon-street.</p>
+<p>Mechanic&rsquo;s Institution, Cannon-street.</p>
+<p>Botanical &amp; Horticultural Society.&nbsp; The Gardens are
+at Edgbaston.&nbsp; Strangers are admitted by a
+subscriber&rsquo;s order.</p>
+<p>Old Library, Union-street.</p>
+<p>New Library, Temple Row West.</p>
+<p>Law Library, Waterloo-street.</p>
+<p>Medical Library, at the Royal School of Medicine,
+Paradise-street.</p>
+<h4>PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS.</h4>
+<p>Theatre Royal, New-street.</p>
+<p>Ryan&rsquo;s Amphitheatre, Bradford-street.</p>
+<p>Billiard Rooms, Waterloo-street, adjoining the News Room;
+New-street, adjoining the Theatre; and Cannon-street.</p>
+<h4>PUBLIC CHARITIES.</h4>
+<p>General Hospital, Summer Lane.</p>
+<p>Dispensary, Union-street.</p>
+<p>Asylum, (for Destitute Children,) near to Aston Park.</p>
+<p>Workhouse, Lichfield-street.</p>
+<p>Magdalen Asylum and Chapel, Islington.</p>
+<p>Infirmary for Diseases of the Eye, Cannon-street.</p>
+<h4>SCHOOLS.</h4>
+<p>Free Grammar School, New-street.</p>
+<p>Blue Coat School, east side of St. Philip&rsquo;s Church
+Yard.</p>
+<p>Infant Schools, Ann-street and Cherry-street.</p>
+<p>National Schools, Pinfold-street.</p>
+<p>Lancasterian School, Severn-street.</p>
+<p>Protestant Dissenters&rsquo; Charity School, for females,
+Park-street.</p>
+<p>Deaf and Dumb Institution, Edgbaston.</p>
+<h4>MISCELLANEOUS.</h4>
+<p>Barracks, Great Brook-street, Ashted.</p>
+<p>Court of Requests, High-street.</p>
+<p>Duddeston Hall Lunatic Asylum, Duddeston.</p>
+<p>Old Gas Works, Broad-street.</p>
+<p>The Baths, (swimming, and hot and cold private Baths,) at Lady
+Well, near the bottom of Worcester-street.</p>
+<p>Vauxhall Gardens, Ashted.</p>
+<h4><a name="page99"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 99</span>PLACES
+OF WORSHIP.</h4>
+<h5>Church of England.</h5>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Churches and Chapels.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Ministers, with their
+Residences.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Services commence.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. Martin&rsquo;s, Bull-ring</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. T. Moseley, M.A., Bath-row, Rector; Rev. M. W. Foye,
+A.M., Exeter-row, Curate; Rev. C. Arnold, A.M., Sandpits,
+Lecturer.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, 3, &frac12; past 6.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. Philip&rsquo;s, Temple row</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. L. Gardner, D.D., Rectory, Rector; Rev. J. W. Downes,
+M.A., Colmore-row, Lecturer; Rev. B. Spurrell, M.A. 36 St.
+Paul&rsquo;s-square, Curate.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, &frac14; past 3.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. George&rsquo;s, St. George&rsquo;s</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. John Garbett, M.A., Hockley-hill, Rector; Rev. Layton
+Irwen, Gt. Hampton-street, Curate.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac14; before 11, &frac12; past 3, and &frac12; past 6;
+Wednesday, &frac14; past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. Thomas&rsquo;s, Holloway-head</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. Wm. Marsh, M.A., Hagley-row, Rector; Rev. Charles
+Lowe, B.A., Bedford-place, Bristol-road, Curate.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, 3, and &frac12; past 6; Tuesday, 7,
+prayer meeting; Sunday, 7; Friday, &frac12; past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>All Saints&rsquo;, Hockley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. S. F. Morgan, M.A., Grosvenor-row, Birmingham-heath,
+Rector.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, 3.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Christ Church, Paradise-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. J. G. Breay, B.A., Crescent, Minister; Rev. Daniel
+Ledsam, B.A., Summer-hill, Curate.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, &frac12; past 6; Thursday, 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. Bartholomew&rsquo;s, Bartholomew-square</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. Thomas Nunns, M.A., Crescent, Minister.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>11, &frac12; past 6.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="page100"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+100</span>St. Mary&rsquo;s, St. Mary&rsquo;s square</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. J. C. Barratt, M.A., St. Mary&rsquo;s-row, Minister;
+Rev. E. Hall, M.A., Summer-hill, Curate.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, 3, &frac12; past 6.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. Paul&rsquo;s, St. Paul&rsquo;s square</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. Rann Kennedy, M.A., The Hollies, Hall Green,
+Minister; Rev. William Wenman, St. Paul&rsquo;s-square,
+Curate.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac14; before 11, &frac12; past 6.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. Peter&rsquo;s, Dale-end</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. Charles Craven, M.A., Edgbaston, Minister.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>11, &frac12; past 6.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Bishop Ryder&rsquo;s, Stafford-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. John&rsquo;s, Deritend</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. E. Palmer, High-gate, Minister; Rev. J. Collisson,
+B.A., Camphill, Curate.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>11, &frac12; past 6.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. James&rsquo;s, Ashted</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. Josiah Allport, Ashted, Minister.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, &frac12; past 6.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Trinity, Bordesley</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. S. Crane, B.A., Bordesley, Minister.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, &frac12; past 3; in winter 3.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Aston Church, Aston</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. G. O. Fenwicke, M.A., Vicarage, Vicar; Rev. Horace
+Chavasse, Curate.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>11, 3.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Edgbaston Church, Edgbaston</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. Charles Pixell, M.A., Vicarage, Vicar.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>11, &frac12; past 3.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. George&rsquo;s, Calthorpe-street, Edgbaston</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Handsworth Church, Handsworth</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. John Hargreaves, M.A., Rectory, Rector; Rev. D. N.
+Walton, M.A., Heathfield-lane, Curate.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>11, 3.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Magdalen Chapel, Islington</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h5><a name="page101"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+101</span>Dissenters.</h5>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Chapels and Meeting Houses.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Ministers, and their
+Residences.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Services commence.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Association
+Methodists</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Newhall street,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Mr. J. Handley, Minister.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, 6; Wednesday, &frac14; past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align:
+center"><i>Baptists</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Cannon-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. T. Swann, Wheeley&rsquo;s Lane, Edgbaston.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, 3, and &frac12; past 6; Monday and
+Thursday, &frac12; past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Bond street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. T. Morgan, Regent place, Harper&rsquo;s hill.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, &frac12; past 6; Monday and Wednesday,
+&frac12; past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Graham-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. J. Hoby, D.D., Camden-hill.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, &frac12; past 6; Monday and Wednesday,
+&frac12; past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Newhall-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. J. Ham, Bath-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, 3, and &frac12; past 6; Monday and
+Wednesday, &frac12; past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Lombard street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. G. Cheatle, Lombard-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>11, 3, and &frac12; past 6; Monday and Wednesday, &frac12;
+past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align:
+center"><i>Calvinists</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Bartholomew-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. Mr. Telford, Bordesley-place.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, 6; Monday and Wednesday, &frac12; past
+7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Zoah Chapel, Cambridge-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. James Jay.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, and &frac12; past 6; Wednesday, &frac12;
+past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Lawrence-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. Thomas Buckingham.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, 3, and half past 6; Monday and Thursday,
+&frac12; past 7</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><a
+name="page102"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+102</span><i>Dependent Methodists</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Buck-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Various Preachers.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, 2, &amp; 6; Tuesday, &frac12; past 7;
+Thursday, 8.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Holy Catholic
+&amp; Apostolic Church</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Newhall-street,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Mr. Barclay.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>6, 10, 2, &frac12; before 4, 5, &frac12; past 6; also
+daily, 6, and 5.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align:
+center"><i>Independents</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Carr&rsquo;s lane</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. J. A. James, Edgbaston.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, &frac12; past 6; Monday and Wednesday,
+&frac12; past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Steelhouse-lane</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. T. East, Sparkbrook.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>11, &frac12; past 6; Monday and Wednesday, &frac12; past
+7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Livery-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. J. Allsop, 7, Newhall-hill.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac14; before 11, &frac12; past 6; Monday and Thursday,
+&frac14; past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Legge-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Messrs. Clay and Derrington, alternate Preachers.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, &frac12; past 6; Tuesday &amp; Thursday,
+&frac12; past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Great Barr-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Various Preachers.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, &frac12; past 6.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Union Chapel, Handsworth</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. J. Hammond, Union Row, Handsworth.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>11, 3, and &frac12; past 6.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Saltley, near the Railway</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Various Preachers.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, and 3.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><a
+name="page103"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+103</span><i>Jews&rsquo; Synagogue</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Severn-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. Mr. Chapman, Smallbrook-street, Reader.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>On Saturday at &frac12; past 8, during the winter months,
+&amp; 8, Summer months; 1, and at sunset.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Lady
+Huntingdon&rsquo;s</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>King-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. John Jones, Bristol Road.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, 3, &amp; &frac12; past 6; Monday,
+Wednesday, and Friday, &frac12; past 7.&nbsp; A Welsh service at
+2 every Sunday afternoon.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><i>New Jerusalem
+Church</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Summer Lane</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. E. Madeley, Summer-lane.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac14; before 11, &amp; &frac12; past 6.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><i>New Connexion
+Methodists</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Oxford-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. J. Curtis, Ravenhurst street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, &frac12; past 2, &amp; 6; Tuesday &amp;
+Friday, &frac12; past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Primitive
+Methodists</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Inge-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Various Preachers.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Bordesley-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Various Preachers.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><a
+name="page104"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 104</span><i>Roman
+Catholics</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. Chad&rsquo;s, Shadwell-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. E. Peach and Rev. J. Abbott.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac14; past 8, &frac12; past 9, &frac12; past 10,
+&frac12; past 3, and &frac12; past 6.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. Peter&rsquo;s, St Peter&rsquo;s place</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. T. M. McDonnell, St. Peter&rsquo;s place.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>9, &frac12; past 10, &frac12; past 3, &amp; &frac12; past
+6.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Society of
+Friends</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Bull-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>10, 3, in Winter, and 6 in Summer; Wednesday, 10.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Scotch
+Church</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Broad-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. Robert Wallace, M.A., No. 1, Summer-hill Terrace,
+Sandpits.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>11 &amp; &frac12; past 6.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align:
+center"><i>Unitarians</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Old Meeting-house, Grub-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. Hugh Hutton, Edgbaston.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>11 &amp; &frac12; past 6.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>New Meeting-house, Moor street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. John Kentish, Bourn-brook, Bristol-road; Rev. S.
+Bache, Frederick-street, Edgbaston.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>11 &amp; 3.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Thorp-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Various Preachers.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>11, &frac12; past 6; Wednesday, &frac12; past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Cambridge-street, Crescent</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Various Preachers.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>11, 3.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><a
+name="page105"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+105</span><i>Birmingham West Circuit</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Cherry-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. G. B. McDonald, 45, Newhall-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, 3, and 6; Tuesday and Thursday, &frac14;
+past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Wesley Chapel, Constitution-hill</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. T. Dicken, 17, Vittoria-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, 3, and &frac12; past 6; Tuesday,
+&frac14; past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Islington Chapel</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. J. Lomas, Hagley Road.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, &frac12; past 2, and 6; Wednesday,
+&frac14; past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Bristol-road</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. J. P. Haswell, Wellington-road.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, &frac12; past 2, and 6; Tuesday;
+&frac14; past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Birmingham East
+Circuit</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Belmont-row</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. D. Walton, Belmont row.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, &frac12; past 2, and 6; Wednesday
+&frac14; past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Bradford-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. J. Barton, Camphill.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, &frac12; past 2, and 6; Wednesday,
+&frac12; past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>New-town Row</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Rev. W. Griffith, Jun.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&frac12; past 10, &frac12; past 2, and 6; Thursday,
+&frac12; past 7.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h4><a name="page106"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+106</span>PRINCIPAL SHOW ROOMS AND MANUFACTORIES. <a
+name="citation106"></a><a href="#footnote106"
+class="citation">[106]</a></h4>
+<p>Soho, Handsworth.</p>
+<h5>BRASS FOUNDERS.</h5>
+<p>Anderton, W. and Sons, 6, Whittall-street.</p>
+<p>Barber, J., and Green, 15, Newhall-street.</p>
+<p>Bourn, John, 31, Lionel-street.</p>
+<p>Docker, Thomas, and Sons, Whittall-street.</p>
+<p>Heaton, Ralph, 70 and 71, Bath-street.</p>
+<p>Horn, Thomas, Temple-row.</p>
+<p>Lingham Brothers, 170, Little Hampton-street.</p>
+<p>Messenger, Thomas, and Sons, 22, Broad-street.</p>
+<p>Ratcliff, J. and E., St. Paul&rsquo;s Square.</p>
+<p>Simcox, Pemberton, and Co., 42, Livery-street.</p>
+<p>Smith, Timothy, and Sons, 4, Bartholomew-street.</p>
+<p>Standley, James, 43, Staniforth-street.</p>
+<p>Swift, James, 7, Whittall-street.</p>
+<p>Winfield, R. W., Cambridge-street.</p>
+<h5>BRITISH PLATE MANUFACTURERS.</h5>
+<p>Brown &amp; Ball, Paradise-street.</p>
+<p>Evans &amp; Askin, George-street, Sand Pits.</p>
+<p>Merry &amp; Co., Cherry-street.</p>
+<p>Sturges &amp; Son, 26, Lichfield-street.</p>
+<h5>BUTTON MANUFACTURERS.</h5>
+<p>Armfield, Edward, Newhall-street.</p>
+<p>Aston, J., St. Paul&rsquo;s Square.</p>
+<p>Bartleet, T., and Sons, 126, Great Charles-street.</p>
+<p>Elliott, W., Frederick-street, Regent-street.</p>
+<p>Hammond, Turner, and Sons, Snowhill.</p>
+<p>Hardman, J., and Co., 12, Paradise-street.</p>
+<p><a name="page107"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+107</span>Jennens and Co., Old Meeting-house-yard, Deritend.</p>
+<p>Ledsam, Thomas, and Sons, 10, Great Charles-street.</p>
+<p>Smith, C. F., 14, Newhall-street.</p>
+<p>Steadman, R., Jun., 35, Edmund-street.</p>
+<h5>CUT AND PLAIN GLASS MANUFACTURERS.</h5>
+<p>Bedford, Sarah, &amp; Co., 16, New-street.</p>
+<p>Henderson, (Stainer of Glass,) New-street.</p>
+<p>Price, High-street.</p>
+<p>Rollason, Thomas, (Manufacturer to the Royal Family,)
+Steel-house Lane.</p>
+<p>Osler, F. &amp; C., Broad street.</p>
+<h5>GLASS WORKS.</h5>
+<p>Bacchus and Green, Union Glass Works, Dartmouth-street.</p>
+<p>Gammon, W. &amp; Co., Belmont Glass Works, Great
+Brook-street.</p>
+<p>Goold &amp; Co., &AElig;tna Glass Works, Broad-street.</p>
+<p>Harris, Rice, Islington Glass Works, Sheepcote-street,
+Broad-street.</p>
+<p>Thomson and Shaw, Bagot-street.</p>
+<h5>GUN AND PISTOL MAKERS.</h5>
+<p>Busby, J., 30&frac12;, New-street.</p>
+<p>Dugard, R., 29, Whittall-street.</p>
+<p>Jones, Charles, 16, Whittall-street.</p>
+<p>Meredith, H., and Son, 48, St. Paul&rsquo;s Square.</p>
+<p>Powell, W., 49, High-street.</p>
+<p>Pritchard, W., 135, New-street.</p>
+<p>Redfern, B., Caroline-street.</p>
+<p>Richards, Westley, 82, High-street.</p>
+<p>Sargant and Son, 74, Edmund-street.</p>
+<p>Wheeler, R., and Son, 27, Snow-hill.</p>
+<h5>HOTHOUSE AND HORTICULTURAL BUILDING
+CONSTRUCTORS&mdash;METALLIC AND COPPER SASH MANUFACTURERS.</h5>
+<p>Clark, Thomas, jun., 55, Lionel-street.</p>
+<p>Daft, Thomas, &amp; Son, Town Hall Foundry,
+Paradise-street.</p>
+<h5><a name="page108"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 108</span>IRON
+FOUNDERS.</h5>
+<p>Boulton, Watt, &amp; Co., Soho.</p>
+<p>Capper, Charles Henry, Broad-street.</p>
+<p>Jones, George, Phoenix Foundry, Snowhill.</p>
+<p>Jones, Thomas, &amp; Sons, Bradford-street.</p>
+<p>Mole, T. &amp; W., Pagoda Works, Bordesley.&mdash;Show Rooms,
+Smithfield.</p>
+<p>Smith &amp; Hawkes, Eagle Foundry, Broad-street.</p>
+<h5>JAPANNERS.</h5>
+<p>Bill, R. &amp; G., 14, Summer Lane.</p>
+<p>Jennens &amp; Bettridge, (Paper Tray Makers to her Majesty,)
+99, Constitution Hill.</p>
+<p>Lane, Thomas, Great Hampton-street.</p>
+<p>Room, James, 28, Summer Row.</p>
+<h5>JEWELLERS, SILVERSMITHS, AND EMPORIUMS FOR EVERY DESCRIPTION
+OF CUTLERY, PLATED WARES, &amp;C.</h5>
+<p>Soho Plate Company, Handsworth.</p>
+<p>Collis, G. R., Church-street.</p>
+<p>Edwards, Ball, &amp; Co., 82, High-street, where may be seen a
+very extensive stock of silver goods and jewellery.</p>
+<p>Mapplebeck &amp; Lowe, Bull Ring.</p>
+<h5>LAMP, CHANDELIER, CANDELABRA, LUSTRE, &amp;c.,
+MANUFACTURERS.</h5>
+<p>Aspinall, T., 33, Lower Temple-street.</p>
+<p>Blakeway, John, Edgbaston-street.</p>
+<p>Blakeway, Thomas William, Broad-street.</p>
+<p>Messenger, Thomas, &amp; Sons, Broad-street.</p>
+<p>Osler, Follett, Broad-street, Islington.</p>
+<p>Phipson &amp; Evans, Newhall-street.</p>
+<p>Ratcliff, John &amp; Charles, 140, Suffolk-street.</p>
+<p>Salt, Thomas Clutton, 17 &amp; 18, Edmund-street.</p>
+<p>Smith, Timothy, &amp; Sons, 4, Bartholomew street.</p>
+<h5>METAL ROLLERS.</h5>
+<p>Cooke, Roome, &amp; Harley, Fazeley-street.</p>
+<p>Muntz, George Frederick, Water-street.</p>
+<p>Phipson, William, Fazeley-street.</p>
+<p>Union Rolling Mills, Cambridge-street.</p>
+<h5><a name="page109"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 109</span>PIN
+MAKERS.</h5>
+<p>Phipson, T., &amp; Sons, Broad-street.</p>
+<p>Latham &amp; Kilmister, Lancaster-street.</p>
+<h5>PLATERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF SILVER AND PLATED WARES.</h5>
+<p>Baker, W. T., 42, Paradise-street.</p>
+<p>Collis, G. R., Church-street.</p>
+<p>Dixon, Matthew, 137, Snow-hill.</p>
+<p>Kirkham, T., 13, Cherry-street, Union-street.</p>
+<p>Parker, J., &amp; Sons, 23&frac12;, Summer-row.</p>
+<p>Parker, John Frederick, 72, High-street.</p>
+<p>Ryland, William, 167, Great Charles-street.</p>
+<p>Soho Plate Company, Soho.</p>
+<p>Spooner, Painter, &amp; Co., 12, New Market-street, Great
+Charles-street.</p>
+<p>Waterhouse &amp; Son, 22, Hill-street.</p>
+<p>Wilkinson, Thomas, &amp; Co., 15, Great Hampton-street.</p>
+<p>Willmore &amp; Co., Bread-street.</p>
+<h5>STEAM ENGINE MANUFACTURERS.</h5>
+<p>Boulton &amp; Watt, Soho, Handsworth.</p>
+<p>Capper, C. H., Broad-street.</p>
+<p>Donaldson &amp; Glasgow, 53, Suffolk-street.</p>
+<p>Smith &amp; Hawkes, Eagle Foundry, Broad-street.</p>
+<p>Jones, George, Phoenix Foundry, Snow-hill and
+Lionel-street.</p>
+<p>Penn, Samuel, Great Lister-street Steam Mill.</p>
+<p>Tongue, W., 95, Bordesley-street.</p>
+<h5>SCREW MANUFACTURERS.</h5>
+<p>James, J., Bradford-street.</p>
+<p>Ledsam, Messrs., Edmund-street.</p>
+<p>Ryland, H., Oozell-street, Broad-street.</p>
+<h5>MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURERS, &amp;c.</h5>
+<p>Knight, Henry, Machinist, 15, Ann-street.</p>
+<p>Middlemore, &mdash;, Holloway-head, Saddlers&rsquo;
+Ironmonger.</p>
+<p>Room, W. &amp; F., Parade, Wholesale Saddlers and Bridle
+Makers.</p>
+<p>Rodgers &amp; Co., Broad-street, Brace and Belt
+Manufacturers.</p>
+<h4><a name="page110"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 110</span>POST
+OFFICE, BENNETT&rsquo;S HILL.</h4>
+<p><i>The following Statement shows the time of Arrival and
+Departure of the various Mails</i>.</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">ARRIVALS.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">DEPARTURE.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4 25</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Bristol</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9 20</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span
+class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 48</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>London</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8 50</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">,,</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Sutton Messenger</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span
+class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 50</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Banbury</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6 50</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span
+class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">10 23</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Chipping Norton</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">,,</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11 30</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>First G. J. Railway</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 45</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span
+class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center">Noon</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Bilston Messenger</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2 30</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span
+class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4 30</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Second G. J. Railway</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11 15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span
+class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4 30</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Sheffield</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 30</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">,,</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5&nbsp; 2</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Yarmouth</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 45</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">,,</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 35</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Leamington</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">,,</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5 15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Oldbury Messenger</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">,,</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Halesowen / Castle Bromwich / Great Barr</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">,,</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6 45</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>London <a name="citation110"></a><a href="#footnote110"
+class="citation">[110]</a></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 38</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">,,</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6 20</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Tamworth</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">,,</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7 55</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Worcester</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">,,</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8 30</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Stourport</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6 30</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">,,</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8 31</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Holyhead</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6 23</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">,,</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8 40</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Third G.J. Railway</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2 15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span
+class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11 45</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>,,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Fourth G.J. Railway</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6 45</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">,,</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>A second bag for London is despatched by the midnight Mail,
+and arrives there in time for an afternoon delivery.</p>
+<p>On Tuesdays and Fridays a Foreign Bag is forwarded to London
+by a mail which leaves Birmingham at &frac12; past 12 at
+noon.</p>
+<p>The Letter Box closes at 6&frac12; a.m., for the despatch of
+the mails to Holyhead, Yarmouth, Worcester, Leamington, and
+Stourport; at 8 p.m. for the despatch of the London and Bristol
+mails, and half an hour previous to the departure of any of the
+other mails.</p>
+<p>The delivery of Letters from the office window commences at
+&frac12; past 7 a.m., with the letters brought by the Bristol and
+London mails.&nbsp; Letters by the other mails are ready for
+delivery in 30 Minutes after their arrival until 8 p.m., at which
+period this <a name="page111"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+111</span>window is closed.&nbsp; At &frac12; past 8 p.m. it
+opens again for the delivery of letters brought by the Worcester,
+Stourport, Third Railway, and Holyhead mails, and it continues
+open until 10 p.m.</p>
+<p>There are two general deliveries by letter-carriers within the
+town, the first commencing at &frac12; past 7 a.m., and the
+second at about a &frac14; after 5 p.m., except on Sundays, when
+there is no afternoon delivery.</p>
+<p>When any delay occurs in the arrival of the mails, a
+corresponding delay will necessarily occur in the delivery.</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center">RECEIVING HOUSES
+FOR GENERAL POST OFFICE.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Mr. W. Hewitt, Grocer, Hagley-row.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Mr. J. White, 235, Bristol-street.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Mr. E. Gunn, 1, Kenyon-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Miss Davies, Lower Terrace, Sand Pits</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Mr. W. Drury, 30, Lancaster-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Mrs. Wood 172, High Street, Deritend</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Mr. T. Ash, Druggist, Prospect-row.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h4>HACKNEY COACH FARES.</h4>
+<p><span class="smcap">Drawn by two Horses</span>.&nbsp; Not
+exceeding half a mile, 1s.&mdash;ditto one mile, 1s.
+6d.&mdash;ditto one mile and a half, 2s.&mdash;ditto two miles,
+2s. 6d.&mdash;ditto three miles, 3s. 6d.&mdash;ditto four miles,
+5s.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Drawn by one Horse</span>.&mdash;Not
+exceeding one mile, 1s.&mdash;ditto one mile and a half, 1s.
+6d.&mdash;ditto two miles, 2s.&mdash;ditto two miles and a half,
+2s. 6d.&mdash;ditto three miles, 3s.&mdash;ditto three miles and
+a half, 3s. 6d.&mdash;ditto four miles, 4s.</p>
+<p>Returning with the same Fare, half the foregoing charges.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Time</span>.&nbsp; Between the hours of
+nine in the morning and twelve at night&mdash;twenty minutes,
+6d.&mdash;forty minutes, 1s.&mdash;every twenty minutes above
+forty, 6d., for being detained.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Time</span>.&nbsp; Between twelve at night
+and six in the morning&mdash;double the foregoing fares.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Penalty</span>.&nbsp; Not exceeding twenty
+shillings, for every offence, in case any driver shall refuse to
+show a list of the above fares, if required.</p>
+<h4>BANKERS,<br />
+WITH THE HOUSES WHICH THEY DRAW UPON IN LONDON.</h4>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Taylor and Lloyds, Dale-end.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Hanburys, Taylors, &amp; Lloyds.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Attwoods, Spooner &amp; Co., New street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Spooner, Attwoods &amp; Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>J. L. Moilliet &amp; Son, Cherry street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Sir. J. W. Lubbock &amp; Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="page112"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+112</span>Birmingham Banking Co., Bennett&rsquo;s-hill.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Jones, Lloyd &amp; Co.; &amp; Glyn, Halifax &amp; Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Birmingham Borough Bank, Bull street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Prescott, Grote &amp; Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Nat. Prov. Bank of Birm. Bennett&rsquo;s-hill.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Hanburys, Taylors &amp; Lloyds.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Birm. Town &amp; Dist. Bank, Colmore-row.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Barclay, Bevan &amp; Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Birm. &amp; Mid. Banking Co., Union-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Williams, Deacon &amp; Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Branch Bank of England, Bennett&rsquo;s-hill.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="2"><p>Savings&rsquo; Bank, Temple-row, open on
+Monday and Thursday, from Twelve till Two o&rsquo;clock.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h4>INNS.</h4>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p>The Royal Hotel</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Temple Row</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>The principal Family Houses.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>New Royal ditto</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>New-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Stork</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Old Square</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Family &amp; Commercial</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Hen and Chickens</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>New-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Coach, Family, and Commercial.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Swan</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>High-street &amp; New-st.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Albion</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>High-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Nelson</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>High-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Castle</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>High-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Saracen&rsquo;s Head</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Bull-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>St. George&rsquo;s Tavern</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>High-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Union</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Union-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Chiefly Commercial.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>White Hart</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Digbeth</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>George</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Digbeth</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Woolpack</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Moor-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>King&rsquo;s Head</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Worcester-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h4>COMMERCIAL BOARDING HOUSES.</h4>
+<p>J. Jones, 12, Union Passage;</p>
+<p>Misses E. &amp; C. Puddicombe, (Private &amp; Commercial,) 3,
+Colmore-row;</p>
+<p>J. Smith, 72, Newhall-street;</p>
+<p>Glover, 118, New-street.</p>
+<h4>OMNIBUS OFFICES.</h4>
+<p>High-street; Bull-street, and Snow-hill.</p>
+<h4>LIST OF NEWSPAPERS.&mdash;<i>July</i> 31, 1838.</h4>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Monday</i></p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Aris&rsquo;s
+Gazette</span>&mdash;General and Commercial Advertising Paper,
+established nearly a century.&nbsp; Average weekly circulation,
+3,250 copies.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="page113"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+113</span><i>Thursday</i></p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">The Midland Counties&rsquo;
+Herald</span>&mdash;A general business Paper, circulated to a
+considerable extent, gratuitously, and containing commercial and
+other information, but no political discussions.&nbsp; The
+guaranteed circulation is 5,000 copies weekly.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">&mdash;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Birmingham
+Advertiser</span>&mdash;Tory.&nbsp; Circulation, 1,750 copies
+weekly.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Saturday</i></p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Birmingham
+Journal</span>&mdash;Radical and intelligent.&nbsp; Circulation,
+2,500 copies weekly.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h4>CANAL CONVEYANCE.</h4>
+<p>Bird, G. R., &amp; Son, Crescent; all parts.</p>
+<p>Crowley, Hicklin, Batty, &amp; Co., Crescent; all parts.</p>
+<p>Danks, J., Broad-street; Liverpool, Manchester, Hull, and all
+places on the eastern coast.</p>
+<p>Danks, J., Great Charles-street; Bristol and the West of
+England.</p>
+<p>Greaves, Broad-street; Stratford-on-Avon, &amp;c.</p>
+<p>Pickford &amp; Co., Fazeley-street and Worcester Wharfs; all
+parts of the kingdom.</p>
+<p>Partridge, W. &amp; Co., No. 5, Warehouse, Worcester Wharf;
+Worcester, Gloucester, and Bristol.</p>
+<p>Partt, C., Jun., Crescent; Stratford-on-Avon.</p>
+<p>Shipton &amp; Co., Broad-street; Liverpool, Manchester, and
+all parts of the North of England.</p>
+<p>Smith, Great Charles-street.</p>
+<p>Swain &amp; Co., Friday Bridge; Hull, the North, and
+Sheffield.</p>
+<p>Sturland, Thomas, Crescent; Bristol, Liverpool, Manchester,
+and all parts of the North.</p>
+<p>Southan, Worcester Wharf; Bristol and Wales.</p>
+<p>Smith &amp; Wilkinson, 161, Great Charles-street; Walsall.</p>
+<p>Wheatcroft &amp; Sons, Crescent; all parts North and East.</p>
+<p>Whitehouse &amp; Sons, Crescent, all parts.</p>
+<p>Worthington &amp; Co., Great Charles-street; Liverpool,
+Manchester, and all parts of the North.</p>
+<h4><a name="page114"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+114</span>WAGGON WAREHOUSES.</h4>
+<p>John Shackel, 52, Dale-end; London and all parts.</p>
+<p>G. Swain &amp; Co., Friday Bridge; Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
+Carlisle, Durham, York, Hull, &amp;c.</p>
+<p>Mead, 138, Moor-street; all parts.</p>
+<p>W. Ashmore, Edgbaston-street; Bristol and the West, and all
+parts of Norfolk.</p>
+<p>Jolly, Bromsgrove-street; London.</p>
+<p>Wheatcroft &amp; Sons, Crescent; Leeds, Sheffield, and the
+North, Bristol, and all parts of the West.</p>
+<p>Haines &amp; Co.&rsquo;s Fly Vans, White Horse, Moor-street;
+London and Bristol.</p>
+<p>J. Butler, 88, Coleshill-street; Staffordshire and the
+Potteries.</p>
+<p>Wade &amp; Co., Bordesley-street; Bristol and the West,
+Sheffield, and the North.</p>
+<p>Red Lion, Park-street, Digbeth; London, Bristol, and all
+parts.</p>
+<h4>PLACES OF NOTE ADJACENT TO BIRMINGHAM.</h4>
+<p>The tourist will find the following places well deserving his
+attention, and to which coaches are daily passing.&nbsp; The
+figures denote the miles distant from Birmingham.</p>
+<p>The Ruins of Kenilworth Castle, 18.</p>
+<p>The Ruins of Dudley Castle, 9.</p>
+<p>Warwick Castle, 20.</p>
+<p>Guy&rsquo;s Cliff, near Warwick, 21.</p>
+<p>Lichfield Cathedral, 17.</p>
+<p>Leamington Spa, 22.</p>
+<p>Hagley Park, 12.</p>
+<h3><a name="page115"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+115</span>LIVERPOOL</h3>
+<h4>PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS.</h4>
+<p>Theatre Royal, East Williamson Square.</p>
+<p>Royal Amphitheatre, Great Charlotte-street.</p>
+<p>The Liver Theatre, at the top of Church-street.</p>
+<p>Queen&rsquo;s Theatre, or Circus, Christian-street.</p>
+<p>Sans Pareil, Great Charlotte-street.</p>
+<h4>PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND OBJECTS OF ATTRACTION.</h4>
+<p>Botanical Gardens, Edge Lane; admittance by ticket, to be
+obtained at all the Hotels.</p>
+<p>Custom House, Excise, Dock Office, Post Office, under the same
+roof, South Castle-street.</p>
+<p>Cemetery, St. James&rsquo;s, top of Duke-street.</p>
+<p>&mdash; Necropolis, Low Hill.</p>
+<p>Exchange, Castle-street.</p>
+<p>House of Industry, Brownlow Hill.</p>
+<p>Infirmary, Dover-street.</p>
+<p>Lunatic Asylum, Brownlow Hill.</p>
+<p>Pistol Gallery, Tarlton-street, Williamson Square.</p>
+<p>Sessions House, situate at the West of the Exchange.</p>
+<p>Statue of George the Third, bottom of Pembroke Place, in
+London Road.</p>
+<p>Telegraph, bottom of Chapel-street.&nbsp; May be visited on
+application to Lieut. Watson, at the Office.</p>
+<p>Town Hall, Castle-street.</p>
+<p>Wellington Rooms, Great Orford-street.</p>
+<p>Zoological Gardens; an order, which may be obtained at any of
+the respectable Hotels, will, on the payment of a shilling, admit
+a stranger.</p>
+<h4><a name="page116"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+116</span>BATHS.</h4>
+<p>The New Baths, West side of St. George&rsquo;s Dock.</p>
+<p>Whitlaw&rsquo;s Vapour Baths, Renshaw-street.</p>
+<p>Sadler&rsquo;s Baths, Hanover-street.</p>
+<p>The Floating Bath, Prince&rsquo;s Parade.</p>
+<h4>THE DOCKS.</h4>
+<p>Clarence Dock, for steam packets.</p>
+<p>Prince&rsquo;s Dock, American ships.</p>
+<p>George&rsquo;s Dock, in which is moored the Floating Church,
+for the convenience of seamen.</p>
+<p>The King&rsquo;s Dock; vessels from Virginia and other ports,
+laden with tobacco.</p>
+<p>The Waterloo Dock, Victoria Dock, and Trafalgar Dock,
+communicate with each other.</p>
+<p>Canning Dock; vessels from the Northern ports, and in the
+coasting trade.</p>
+<p>Salt-house Dock, for ships in the Levant and Irish trade.</p>
+<p>Duke of Bridgewater&rsquo;s Dock, for boats called flats, in
+the canal trade.</p>
+<p>Queen&rsquo;s Dock, for timber ships from America and the
+Baltic.</p>
+<p>Brunswick Dock, vessels laden with timber.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Graving Docks</span>. Nos. 1, 2, and 3,
+communicate with the Canning Dock; Nos. 4, 5, and 6, lie between
+the Queen&rsquo;s Dock and the river; two Graving Docks are
+attached to the Brunswick Dock.</p>
+<h4>THE MARKETS.</h4>
+<p>St. John&rsquo;s Market, Great Charlotte-street.</p>
+<p>New Fish Market, opposite St. John&rsquo;s Market.</p>
+<p>The North Market, Scotland-street.</p>
+<p>St. James&rsquo;s Market, Great George-street.</p>
+<p>Islington Market, top of Shaw&rsquo;s Row.</p>
+<p>Cattle Market, three miles on the London Road.</p>
+<p>Corn Exchange, Brunswick-street.</p>
+<h4>LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS.</h4>
+<p>The Royal Institutions, Colquitt-street.</p>
+<p><a name="page117"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+117</span>Philosophical and Literary Society; meetings held at
+the Royal Institution.</p>
+<p>Apothecaries&rsquo; Hall, Colquitt-street.</p>
+<p>Mechanics&rsquo; Institution, Mount-street.</p>
+<p>Athen&aelig;um, Church-street.</p>
+<p>Lyceum, Bold-street.</p>
+<p>Apprentices&rsquo; (Male and Female) Library, School Lane.</p>
+<p>Law Library, Clarendon Buildings.</p>
+<p>Union News Room, Duke-street.</p>
+<h4>PUBLIC CHARITIES.</h4>
+<p>Alms Houses, St. Mary&rsquo;s Lane.</p>
+<p>Blue Coat Hospital, School Lane.</p>
+<p>Blind Asylum, London Road.</p>
+<p>Bethel Union Ship, King&rsquo;s Dock.</p>
+<p>Charity Institution House, Salter-street.</p>
+<p>Charity, (the Ladies&rsquo;,) for Relief of Women in
+Childbed.</p>
+<p>Dispensaries; Vauxhall Road and Upper Parliament-street.</p>
+<p>Female School of Industry, Heathfield-street.</p>
+<p>Female Penitentiary, Crabtree Lane.</p>
+<p>House of Recovery, Workhouse.</p>
+<p>Infirmary, Brownlow-street.</p>
+<p>Institution for Diseases of the Ear, Duke-street.</p>
+<p>Infant Schools, numerous.</p>
+<p>Lunatic Asylum, Ashton-street, Brownlow Hill.</p>
+<p>Marine Society, Mariners&rsquo; Church.</p>
+<p>Marine Humane Society.</p>
+<p>Mariner&rsquo;s Church Society, Ship in St. George&rsquo;s
+Dock.</p>
+<p>Naval Bible Society, Mariners&rsquo; Church.</p>
+<p>Ophthalmic Institution, Slater&rsquo;s Court.</p>
+<p>Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge,
+Ranelagh-street.</p>
+<p>Society for bettering the Condition of the Poor, Savings Bank,
+Bold-street.</p>
+<p>Stranger&rsquo;s Friend Society.</p>
+<p>School for the Deaf and Dumb, Wood-street.</p>
+<p>Theatrical Fund, Theatre Royal Office.</p>
+<p>Welsh Charitable Society, Russell Place.</p>
+<h4><a name="page118"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+118</span>PLACES OF PUBLIC WORSHIP.</h4>
+<p><i>Church of England</i>&mdash;twenty-four in number; the most
+worthy of notice being, St. Paul&rsquo;s, St. Paul&rsquo;s
+Square; St. George&rsquo;s, Lord-street; St. Peter&rsquo;s,
+Church-street; St. Luke&rsquo;s, Bold-street; St.
+Nicholas&rsquo;, Chapel-street; St. Catherine&rsquo;s,
+Abercromby-square; The Blind Asylum, Duncan-street East.</p>
+<p><i>Roman Catholics</i>&mdash;St. Mary&rsquo;s, Lumber-street;
+St. Patrick&rsquo;s, Toxteth Park; St. Nicholas&rsquo;,
+Blake-street; St. Peter&rsquo;s, Seal-street; St.
+Anthony&rsquo;s, Scotland-road.</p>
+<p><i>Scotch Churches</i>&mdash;St. Andrew&rsquo;s Church,
+Rodney-street; Oldham-street Church; Scotch Baptist Church,
+Hunter-street; Scotch Secession Church, Mount Pleasant, and
+Russell-street.</p>
+<p><i>Unitarians</i>&mdash;two in number; one in Paradise-street,
+and one in Renshaw-street.</p>
+<p><i>Independents</i>&mdash;Bethesda, Duncan-street,
+London-road; Toxteth Park Chapel; Great Crosshall-street Chapel;
+Renshaw-street Chapel; Gloucester-street Chapel; Great
+George-street Chapel.</p>
+<p><i>Baptists</i>&mdash;Lime-street; Great Crosshall-street;
+Russell-street; Cockspur-street; Comus-street; Byrom-street.</p>
+<p><i>Methodists</i>&mdash;Leeds-street; Pitt-street; Mount
+Pleasant; Stanhope-street; Moss-street; London-road; and
+Bend&rsquo;s Garden Chapel.</p>
+<p><i>Friends&rsquo; Meeting House</i>, Hunter-street.</p>
+<p><i>Jew&rsquo;s Synagogue</i>, Seel-street.</p>
+<h4>TIME OF STARTING BY THE RAILROAD.</h4>
+<p>Travelling by the <i>Liverpool and Manchester Railway</i>,
+1838.&mdash;The following are the Times of Departure both from
+Lime-street Station, Liverpool, and from Liverpool Road Station,
+Manchester.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">First Class</span>&mdash;Seven, nine,
+eleven, two, five, and seven o&rsquo;clock.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Second Class</span>&mdash;Quarter past
+seven, ten, twelve, three, half-past five, and seven
+o&rsquo;clock, stopping only at Newton.</p>
+<p>Except on Tuesdays and Saturdays, when the Evening Second
+Class Train from Manchester starts at six, instead of half-past
+five o&rsquo;clock.</p>
+<p><a name="page119"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 119</span><span
+class="smcap">On Sundays</span>&mdash;First Class, eight in the
+morning, and five in the evening.&mdash;Second Class, seven in
+the morning and half-past five in the evening.</p>
+<h4>FARES.</h4>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">s.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">d.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>By First Class Train&mdash;Four Inside&mdash;Royal
+Mail</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ditto&mdash;Six Inside&mdash;Glass
+Coach</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>By 2nd. Class Train&mdash;Glass Coaches</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ditto&mdash;Open Carriages</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Charge for the conveyance of Four-wheeled Carriages</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">20</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ditto&nbsp; Two-wheeled&nbsp; ditto</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class="smcap">Horses</span>&mdash;For one horse
+10s.&mdash;two horses 18s.&mdash;three horses 22s.</p>
+<p>N.B.&mdash;All Horses must be embarked at the Company&rsquo;s
+Station, Edge Hill, Wavertree Lane, unless accompanying Carriages
+to which they belong; in which case they may be embarked at
+Lime-street.</p>
+<h4>LUGGAGE.</h4>
+<p><span class="smcap">Notice</span>.&mdash;To prevent loss or
+mistake of Luggage.&mdash;Passengers are requested to keep charge
+of their small Packages, by placing them under their seats
+instead of on the roof of the coach.&mdash;The weight allowed to
+each passenger is 60 lbs., beyond which a charge will be made at
+the rate of 3s. per cwt.</p>
+<h4>LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO WIGAN.</h4>
+<p>By 1st Class Train, 7 a.m.&mdash;2nd Class Trains, 10, 12,
+a.m., 5&frac12; p.m.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Sundays</span>.&mdash;By the Second Class
+Trains, 7 a.m., and 5&frac12; p.m.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">fares</span>.&mdash;From Liverpool or
+Manchester, 1st. Class. 5s.; 2nd Class 3s. 6d.</p>
+<h4>LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO BOLTON.</h4>
+<p>By 1st Class Train, 9 a.m.&mdash;2nd Class Trains, 7&frac14;,
+12 a.m., 5&frac12; p.m.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Sundays</span>.&mdash;By the Second Class
+Trains, 7 a.m., 5&frac12; p.m.</p>
+<p>FARES.&mdash;From Liverpool, Inside, 5s. 6d., Outside, 4s.;
+and from<br />
+,, Manchester, ,, 2s. 6d. ,, and 2s.</p>
+<h4><a name="page120"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+120</span>LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO ST. HELEN&rsquo;S.</h4>
+<p>By the Second Class Trains, 7&frac14;, 10, 12, a.m.; 3, and
+5&frac12;, p.m.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Sundays</span>.&mdash;By the Second Class
+Trains, 7, a.m., and 5&frac12;, p.m.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Fares</span>.&mdash;From
+Liverpool&mdash;Inside, 2s. 6d.&nbsp; Outside, 2s.; and from
+Manchester, 3s. 6d. and 2s. 6d.</p>
+<h4>LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO RUNCORN GAP.</h4>
+<p>By the Second Class Trains, 7&frac14;, am., and 3, p.m.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Sundays</span>.&mdash;By the Second Class
+Trains, 7, a.m., and 5&frac12;, p.m.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Fares</span>.&mdash;From
+Liverpool&mdash;Inside, 3s.&nbsp; Outside, 2s. 6d.; and from
+Manchester, 4s. and 3s.</p>
+<h4>INNS.</h4>
+<p>Adelphi Hotel, Ranelagh-street; Albion, Ranelagh-street;
+Angel, Dale-street; Blue Bell, London Road; Bull, Clayton Square;
+Commercial, Dale-street; Castle Hotel, Clayton Square; Feathers,
+Clayton Square; George Inn, Dale-street; Grecian Hotel,
+Dale-street; King William, Williamson Square; King&rsquo;s Arms,
+Castle-street; Neptune, Clayton Square; Royal, Dale-street;
+Saracen&rsquo;s Head Inn, Dale-street; Star and Garter Tavern,
+Paradise-street; Union Hotel, Clayton Square; Waterloo,
+Ranelagh-street; Wellington, Dale-street; York, Williamson
+Square.</p>
+<h4>FOREIGN PACKETS.</h4>
+<p><span class="smcap">New York</span>, on the 1st and 16th of
+every month, Baring Brothers and Co.; 8th, Thomas and Joseph
+Sands and Co.; 16th, W. and J. Brown and Co.; and 24th, Wildes,
+Pickersgill, and Co.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Boston</span>, on the 5th and 20th of each
+month during the spring and fall of the year, at other times
+occasionally, Maury, Latham and Co., and Baring Brothers and
+Co.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Philadelphia</span>, on the 8th of every
+month, and at stated periods, W. and J. Brown and Co.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Calcutta</span> direct, the 20th of each
+month, W. and J. Tyrer, Old Churchyard.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Rio De Janeiro</span>, on the 1st and 16th
+of every month, W. and J. Tyrer; J. Holliwell; and Ashley
+Brothers.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Lisbon</span>, on the let of every month,
+J. Bibby and Co., Duke&rsquo;s <a name="page121"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 121</span>Place; on the 10th of every month,
+Vianna and Jones; and on the 20th of every month, Cotesworth and
+Smith.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Genoa</span> and <span
+class="smcap">Leghorn</span>, on the 1st of every month, J. Bibby
+and Co., Duke&rsquo;s Place; and on the 16th, Vianna and Jones,
+Chapel-street.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Genoa</span> and <span
+class="smcap">Leghorn</span>, a conveyance once a month, John
+Rothwell, 2, Liver-court, South Castle-street.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Messino</span> and <span
+class="smcap">Palermo</span>, once a month, John Rothwell, 2,
+Liver-court, South Castle-street.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Bahia</span>.&mdash;A regular line of
+Packets sails at periods, as stated in the newspapers, Cotesworth
+and Smith; W. and J. Tyrer; John Holliwell; Kers, Imrie and Co.,
+and R. Tanton.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Oporto</span>, every three weeks, Geo.
+Highfield, Oldhall-street; Thos. Martin, Salthouse Dock; Ormerod,
+Heyworth, and Co., Water-street; J. Bibby and Co.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Monte Video</span> and <span
+class="smcap">Buenos Ayres</span>.&mdash;Line of Packets to sail
+at stated periods, which are duly announced through the
+newspapers, W. and J. Tyrer, and Ashley Brothers.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Havannah</span>, on the 5th of every month
+punctually.&nbsp; Ashley Brothers.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Pernambuco</span>.&mdash;A line of Packets
+sails at periods which are duly announced through the newspapers,
+Cotesworth and Smith; W. and J. Tyrer; John Holliwell; Kers,
+Imrie and Co.; R. Tanton, and Geo. Highfield.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">West Coast of South
+America</span>.&mdash;Valparaiso every six weeks; Arica, Islay,
+and Lima, every four months; Lima direct every twelve weeks, W.
+and J. Tyrer; Ashley Brothers; and James Aikin.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">St. Thomas</span>.&mdash;Line of Packets
+to sail at stated periods, which are announced through the
+newspapers, Kers, Imrie, and Tomlinson.</p>
+<h4>STEAM NAVIGATION.<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">ON THE RIVER.</span></h4>
+<p><span class="smcap">Eastham</span>.&mdash;The William Stanley,
+Sir Thomas Stanley, and Lady Stanley, five times a
+day.&mdash;Dodd&rsquo;s Chester and Eastham Packet House, 32,
+James-street.</p>
+<p><a name="page122"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 122</span><span
+class="smcap">Runcorn</span> and <span class="smcap">Western
+Point</span>, a steam packet every day.&nbsp; Office, No. 19,
+Mann&rsquo;s Island.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Runcorn</span>.&mdash;The Old Quay or
+Mersey and Irwell Navigation Company now conduct their vessels to
+and from Runcorn by steam power, and speed vessels are sent daily
+to and from Manchester, without stoppage, with goods requiring
+despatch.&nbsp; Agent, William Guyton, Manchester Dock.</p>
+<p>To <span class="smcap">Rock Ferry</span>, <span
+class="smcap">Birkenhead</span>, <span class="smcap">Monk&rsquo;s
+Ferry</span>, and <span class="smcap">Woodside</span>, packets
+are plying every half hour from George&rsquo;s Dock, Pierhead; to
+<span class="smcap">Seacombe</span>, from the south end of the
+Prince&rsquo;s Parade; and to <span class="smcap">Egremont
+Ferry</span> and <span class="smcap">New Brighton</span>, from
+the Pierhead, north of George&rsquo;s Dock Basin.</p>
+<h4>IRELAND, &amp;c.</h4>
+<p><span class="smcap">Ardglass</span> and <span
+class="smcap">Strangford Lough</span>.&mdash;The Victoria, every
+Tuesday.&nbsp; Crozier and Co., Agents, 13, Goree Piazzas.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Belfast</span>. The City of Dublin Steam
+Packet Company sail a vessel every Wednesday.&nbsp; John
+M&lsquo;Cammon, 27, Water-street.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Belfast</span>.&mdash;The Falcon and
+Corsair, every Monday and Friday.&nbsp; Lanktrys and Co., 30,
+Water-street.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Cork</span>, &amp;c.&mdash;The St. George
+Steam Packet Company&rsquo;s Packets sail regularly to Cork,
+Waterford, Dundalk, Newry, and Beaumaris; and between Dublin and
+Glasgow; Dublin and Bristol; Dublin and Cork; Cork and Bristol;
+London, Portsmouth, Plymouth, Falmouth, and Cork; London and
+Exeter; London and Boston; London and Stockton; Hull and Leith;
+Hull and Hamburgh; Hull and Rotterdam; and Lubeck and
+Stockholm.&nbsp; J. R. Pim, Agent, 21, Water-street, and Clarence
+Dock.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Cork</span>.&mdash;The John M&lsquo;Adam,
+every Thursday.&nbsp; J. A. and R. Forshaw, 6, Goree Piazzas.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Drogheda</span>.&mdash;The Green Isle,
+Town of Drogheda, Fair Trader, Irishman, and Grana Uile, sail
+four times a week.&nbsp; W. Splaine, 20, Water-street.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Dublin</span>.&mdash;Her Majesty&rsquo;s
+packets sail every afternoon, at five o&rsquo;clock, (without
+reference to the time of high water,) with the <a
+name="page123"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 123</span>mail and
+passengers.&nbsp; Captain Chappell, R. N., Agent, 33,
+Water-street.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Dublin</span>.&mdash;The City of Dublin
+Steam Packet Company&rsquo;s vessels, the Hibernia, City of
+Dublin, Shamrock, Commerce, Britannia, Liffey, Leeds, Birmingham,
+Mersey, Nottingham, Ballinasloe, Kingstown, Huskisson,&nbsp; City
+of Limerick, Athlone, Duchess of Kent, Queen Victoria, Royal
+William, and Royal Adelaide, sail daily.&nbsp; Samuel Perry, 27,
+Water-street.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Londonderry</span>.&mdash;The Isabella
+Napier sails every Tuesday, and the Robert Napier every
+Friday.&nbsp; J. R. Pim, Agent, 21, Water-street.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Newry</span>.&mdash;George the
+Fourth.&nbsp; J. R. Pim, Agent, 21, Water-st.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Port Rush</span> and <span
+class="smcap">Larne</span>.&mdash;The Coleraine, every
+Saturday.&nbsp; J. A. and R. Forshaw, 6, Goree Piazzas.</p>
+<h4>TO THE ISLE OF MAN, SCOTLAND, &amp;c.</h4>
+<p><span class="smcap">Douglas</span>.&mdash;The Queen of the
+Isle and the Mona&rsquo;s Isle sail daily during the summer, and
+twice a week in the winter, with the mail, goods, and
+passengers.&nbsp; Moore and Christian, Agents, 23,
+Redcross-street.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Douglas</span>.&mdash;The Monarch sails
+three times a week during the summer.&nbsp; T. Blackburn, 9,
+Dale-street.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Glasgow</span>.&mdash;The Unicorn, Eagle,
+Manchester, and Ailsa Craig sail three times a week, with goods
+and passengers.&nbsp; Martin and Co., 34, Water-street.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Glasgow</span> direct.&mdash;The Vulcan,
+City of Glasgow, and Commodore, sail each once a week.&nbsp;
+David M&lsquo;Iver and Co., 34, Water-street.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Dumfries</span> and <span
+class="smcap">Whitehaven</span>.&mdash;The Nithsdale, once a
+week, Robert Sproat, 20, Water-street.</p>
+<h4>NORTH WALES.</h4>
+<p>The Air, with goods and passengers, for Beaumaris, Bangor, and
+Carnarvon.&nbsp; J. R. Pim, Agent, 21, Water-street, and Clarence
+Dock.</p>
+<p>The Countess of Glasgow sails from George&rsquo;s Dock,
+Pierhead, for Rhyl, Voryd, Abergele, &amp;c., every Tuesday,
+Thursday, and Saturday.&nbsp; Joseph Humphries, 33,
+Water-street.</p>
+<p><a name="page124"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 124</span>The
+St. Mungo and Snowdon, every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, for
+Rhyl, Rhydland, and Abergele.&nbsp; St. Mungo&rsquo;s Office, 23,
+Water-street; Snowdon&rsquo;s Office, 33, Water-street.</p>
+<p>The Conway Castle, every Wednesday and Saturday, during the
+winter months, for Conway.&nbsp; J. T. Raines and Co., 19,
+James-street.</p>
+<h4>COASTWISE.</h4>
+<p><span class="smcap">Carlisle</span> and <span
+class="smcap">Annan</span>.&mdash;The Newcastle sails every
+Tuesday and Thursday.&nbsp; H. Halton, 21, Water-street.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Carlisle</span> and <span
+class="smcap">Annan</span>.&mdash;The City of Carlisle and Royal
+Victoria three times a week.&nbsp; J. D. Thomson, Agent, 13,
+Water-street.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Lancaster.</span>&mdash;The John
+O&rsquo;Gaunt.&nbsp; John Hadwen, Atherton&rsquo;s Buildings,
+Dale-street.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Whitehaven</span>.&mdash;Steam packets
+sail three times a week during the summer months, and twice a
+week during the winter months, with passengers and goods.&nbsp;
+W. Dowson, Agent, 8, Goree Piazzas.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Workington</span> and <span
+class="smcap">Maryport</span>.&mdash;The Union sails once a week
+during the winter, and twice a week during the summer
+months.&nbsp; J. D. Thomson, Agent, 13, Water-street.</p>
+<h4>POST OFFICE.</h4>
+<p><span class="smcap">Delivery of Letters</span>.&mdash;The
+First Delivery commences at 8 a.m., and the Office continues open
+till the arrival of the London Mail, (per Grand Junction
+Railway,) 10.55 a.m.&nbsp; The letters comprised in this delivery
+are those of the over-night Birmingham Mail (with a bag from
+Manchester and a foreign bag from London); the Holyhead and
+Carlisle Mails (with bags from Edinburgh and Glasgow); and the
+Dublin Packet.</p>
+<p>2nd <span class="smcap">Delivery</span>&mdash;Commences about
+9 a.m., with the first Manchester Mail per Railway; bringing also
+bags from Rochdale, Halifax, Bradford, Leeds, and York.</p>
+<p>3rd <span class="smcap">Delivery</span>&mdash;Commences about
+10.45 a.m., and includes the letters by the 2nd Manchester Mail
+per Railway, with a bag from Newton.</p>
+<p><a name="page125"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 125</span>4th
+<span class="smcap">Delivery</span>&mdash;Commences about 12
+noon, (and continues until about 3.40 p.m.,) in which are
+included bags from Birmingham, Walsall, Wolverhampton, Penkridge,
+Stafford, Newcastle, Nantwich, Middlewich, Northwich, Preston
+Brook, Warrington, Eccleshall, Stone, Towcester, Northampton,
+London, Bristol, Exeter, Falmouth; and the letters from Portugal,
+North and South America, and the West Indies, are also included
+in this delivery.</p>
+<p>5th <span class="smcap">Delivery</span>&mdash;Commences about
+&frac14; past 1, p.m., and includes the letters brought by the
+Bristol Mail.</p>
+<p>6th <span class="smcap">Delivery</span>&mdash;Commences about
+4 p.m., and includes letters brought by the 3rd Manchester Mail,
+per Railway.</p>
+<p>7th <span class="smcap">Delivery</span>&mdash;Commences about
+4.50 p.m., and includes bags from Birmingham, Wolverhampton,
+Stafford, Warrington, Prescot.</p>
+<p>8th <span class="smcap">Delivery</span>&mdash;Commences ten
+minutes past 6 p.m., with the letters by the Lancaster Mail, from
+Ormskirk and Maghull.</p>
+<p>9th <span class="smcap">Delivery</span>&mdash;Commences at
+&frac14; past 7, p.m.&nbsp; It includes the letters of the 4th
+Manchester Mail, per Railway, with Bags from York and Leeds.</p>
+<p>10th <span class="smcap">Delivery</span>&mdash;Commences about
+7.30 p.m. and includes bags from Birmingham, Walsall,
+Wolverhampton, Penkridge, Stafford, Newcastle, Nantwich,
+Middlewich, Northwich, Preston Brook, Warrington, and
+Prescot.</p>
+<p><i>The Delivery closes finally at 9 p.m.</i>; <i>on Sundays at
+8 p.m.</i></p>
+<p>There are Three Deliveries within the Town by Letter Carriers,
+every day (except Sunday); the first delivery to commence about
+8, a.m.; the second about 12; the third about 5, p.m.&nbsp; On
+Sundays, only the first, at 8, a.m.</p>
+<p>When any delay occurs in the arrival of the Mails, a
+corresponding delay will, of course, occur in the delivery.</p>
+<p>The office is closed on Sundays from 9, a.m., until 1.30,
+p.m., and finally at 8, p.m.</p>
+<h4><a name="page126"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+126</span>DESPATCH OF LETTERS.</h4>
+<p>The following are the hours at which the letter-box is closed
+for making up the several Mails, and at which each mail is
+despatched:&mdash;</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Box closes at</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">Despatched at</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">H. M.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">H. M.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">First Grand
+Junction</span>.&mdash;Bags made up for Warrington,
+Preston-Brook, Northwich, Middlewich, Nantwich, Congleton, Market
+Drayton, Stafford, Penkridge, Wolverhampton, Walsall, and
+Birmingham; and on Tuesdays and Fridays a Foreign Bag to
+London.&nbsp; The postage of Foreign Letters can be paid from
+5.30 to 6 a.m., and up to 9 o&rsquo;clock the previous
+evening.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6.0 a.m.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6.20 a.m.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">First Manchester
+Mail</span>.&mdash;Bags for Manchester, Bolton, Rochdale, Leeds,
+and York.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6.30 a.m.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6.50 a.m.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Chester Mail</span>.&mdash;For Neston,
+Parkgate, and Chester.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7.30 a.m.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8.05 a.m.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Lancaster Mail</span>.&mdash;For
+Maghull, Ormskirk and Southport.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8.0 a.m.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8.15 a.m.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Second Manchester Mail</span>.&mdash;A
+bag for Prescot, and (per Railway to Newton) bags for Newton,
+Wigan, Chorley, Preston, Lancaster, Carlisle, Glasgow, Edinburgh,
+and Manchester.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8.30 a.m.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8.50 a.m.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Second Grand
+Junction</span>.&mdash;Bags for Warrington, Stafford,
+Wolverhampton, and Birmingham.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11.0 a.m.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11.20 a.m.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Third Manchester
+Mail</span>.&mdash;Blackburn, Colne, Bury, and Manchester.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11.30 a.m.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11.50 a.m.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Penny Posts</span>.&mdash;For
+Birkenhead, Upton, Seacombe, New Brighton, Crosby, Bootle,
+Walton, West Derby, Old Swan, Woolton, and Wavertree.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11.0 a.m.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">12.45 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Fourth Manchester
+Mail</span>.&mdash;Manchester.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1.30 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1.50 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Third Grand
+Junction</span>.&mdash;Bags for Prescot, Warrington,
+Preston-Brook, Northwich, Middlewich, Nantwich, Newcastle,
+Eccleshall, Stone, Stafford, Penkridge, Wolverhampton, Walsall,
+Birmingham, Towcester, Northampton, London, and Bristol; and
+letters for Portugal, North and South America, and the West
+Indies.&nbsp; The letters for London sent by this despatch will
+be included in the first delivery there the following
+morning.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1.45 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3.20 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="page127"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+127</span><span class="smcap">Carlisle Mail</span>.&mdash;For
+Ormskirk, Preston, Chorley, Bury, Blackburn, Haslingden,
+Lancaster, Westmoreland, Cumberland, and all Scotland.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4.0 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4.30 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Fifth Manchester and the York
+Mails</span>.&mdash;For Manchester, Rochdale, and the Counties of
+York, Lincoln, and Durham (per Railway).</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4.0 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4.50 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Bristol Mail</span>.&mdash;Chester,
+South Wales, and Bristol.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4.0 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5.0 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Dublin Mail Packet</span>.&mdash;For
+Ireland.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4.30 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5.0 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Bolton Mail</span>.&mdash;For
+Bolton.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4.30 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5.0 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Holyhead Mail</span>.&mdash;For
+Birkenhead, New Ferry, Eastham, Chester, North Wales.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6.30 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6.0 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Fourth Grand
+Junction</span>.&mdash;Bags for Manchester, Warrington, Stafford,
+Wolverhampton, Birmingham, and London.&nbsp; The letters for
+London sent by this despatch will be delivered there about 11
+a.m.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6.0 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6.20 p.m.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><span class="smcap">India</span>.&mdash;Letters to and from
+the East Indies are regularly forwarded by ships.&nbsp; The
+postage must be paid when posted.</p>
+<p>The Rate outward is two-pence per package under three ounces,
+and one shilling per ounce above that weight.</p>
+<p>Letters conveyed outward in sealed bags, are charged with 8d.,
+<i>single</i>, if sent by ship from the port at which they are
+posted; but if sent from any inland town, or to another port,
+1s., which must be paid when posted.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Foreign Letters</span>.&mdash;No letters
+for Foreign parts, except British America, the British West India
+Islands, and France, can be forwarded, unless postage be first
+paid; in default, they are sent to the General Post Office,
+London, opened, and returned back to the writers.</p>
+<h4>FOREIGN POST DAYS, at 3.20 <span
+class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></h4>
+<p>For Demerara, Jamaica, and the Leeward Islands, 1st and 15th
+day in every month; North America and the Bahamas, the first
+Wednesday in every month.</p>
+<p>For Carthagena, Mexico, Cuba, Honduras, and Havannah, 15th of
+every month.</p>
+<p>For Portugal, every Friday.</p>
+<p>For South America, La Guara, Madeira, Gibraltar, and the
+Mediterranean, the first day of every month.</p>
+<h4><a name="page128"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+128</span>HACKNEY COACH FARES,</h4>
+<p><i>Which include a reasonable quantity of Luggage</i>.</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">s.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">d.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Not exceeding 1,000 yards</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Exceeding 1,000 yards, and not exceeding 1,700</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>And for each 700 yards, or any intermediate distance</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">Car
+Fares</span>.&mdash;Two thirds of the above Fares.</p>
+<p>N.B.&mdash;Carriages with two horses and two wheels, or one
+horse and two wheels, or one horse and four wheels, are
+considered cars.&nbsp; If a coach or car be detained above ten
+minutes, to be allowed 6d. for every ten minutes detained.</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">s.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">d.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Coach hired by the day</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">18</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Ditto by the hour, first hour</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Ditto, and for every subsequent hour</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Car hired by the day</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">12</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Ditto by the hour, first hour</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Ditto, for every subsequent hour</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>Double fares to be paid after Twelve o&rsquo;clock at night,
+except on public ball nights; then at such public balls, One
+o&rsquo;clock.</p>
+<p>The driver has the option to be paid either time or
+distance.</p>
+<h4>BANKERS.</h4>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><i>Liverpool Bankers</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><i>Correspondents in
+London</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Moss and Co., Dale-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Barclay and Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>A. Heywood, Sons and Co., Brunswick-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Denison and Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Leyland and Co., 7, King-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Masterman and Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Central Bank of England, 12, Temple-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Esdaile and Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Borough Bank, Water-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Glyn and Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Manchester and Liverpool District Banking Co., 43,
+Castle-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Smith, Payne, and Smith.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>I. Barned and Co., Lord-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Sir C. Price, Marryatt &amp; Co. and Bult, Son, and
+Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Liverpool Commercial Bank, High-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Williams, Deacon, and Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Bank of Liverpool, Water-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Glyn and Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Branch Bank of England, 55, Hanover-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Bank of England.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="page129"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+129</span>Ph&oelig;nix Bank, Dale-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Grote, Prescott, and Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Commercial Bank of England, Water-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Barnet, Hoare, and Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Liverpool United Trades&rsquo; Bank, South
+Castle-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Currie, Raikes, and Co., 29, Cornhill.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Albion Bank, North John-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Grote, Prescott, and Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Union Bank, Water-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Cunliffes and Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>North and South Wales Bank.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Robarts and Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Royal Bank, Water-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Robarts and Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h4>LIST OF NEWSPAPERS.</h4>
+<p>Monday&mdash;<span class="smcap">Albion</span>&mdash;Whig.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,, &mdash;<span
+class="smcap">Advertiser</span>&mdash;Commercial.</p>
+<p>Tuesday&mdash;<span class="smcap">Liverpool
+Standard</span>&mdash;Conservative.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,, &mdash;<span
+class="smcap">Mail</span>&mdash;Conservative.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,, &mdash;<span
+class="smcap">Times</span>&mdash;Whig.</p>
+<p>Wednesday&mdash;<span
+class="smcap">Courier</span>&mdash;Conservative.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,, &mdash;<span
+class="smcap">Telegraph</span>&mdash;Whig.</p>
+<p>Thursday&mdash;<span class="smcap">Gore&rsquo;s General
+Advertiser</span>&mdash;Commercial.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,, &mdash;<span class="smcap">Liverpool
+Mail</span>&mdash;Conservative.</p>
+<p>Friday&mdash;<span
+class="smcap">Mercury</span>&mdash;Radical.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,, &mdash;<span
+class="smcap">Standard</span>&mdash;Conservative.</p>
+<p>Saturday&mdash;<span
+class="smcap">Mail</span>&mdash;Conservative.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,, &mdash;<span
+class="smcap">Chronicle</span>&mdash;Whig.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,, &mdash;<span
+class="smcap">Journal</span>&mdash;Radical.</p>
+<h3><a name="page130"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+130</span>MANCHESTER.</h3>
+<h4>MANUFACTORIES.</h4>
+<p>The great centre of the cotton manufacture, Manchester, will
+be an object of curiosity to the stranger on this account; and he
+will naturally be desirous to view some of the processes and the
+operations of those mighty agents, steam and machinery, which
+have added so much to the real wealth and glory of England.</p>
+<p>With suitable introductions, the inquiring visiter may visit
+the following establishments, where he cannot fail to be
+astonished at the vast scale on which the staple manufactures are
+conducted; and the remarkable order, arrangement, and cleanliness
+maintained through all their departments.&nbsp; The immense
+spinning mills of Messrs. McConnel &amp; Co., Henry-street,
+Ancoats, will furnish to the visiter an inspection of the various
+processes to which the raw cotton is subjected in the course of
+its manufacture into twist, or thread for weaving.</p>
+<p>In the large manufactory of the Oxford-road twist company, in
+Oxford-road, he would see the processes of weaving by means of
+the steam loom.</p>
+<p>In the patent card manufactory of Mr. J. C. Dyer,
+Stone-street, London-road, he would observe the very curious mode
+of manufacturing the cards used for teasing or carding the
+cotton; and in the large establishments of Messrs. Sharp,
+Roberts, &amp; Co., machinists and engineers, Faulkner-street, he
+would see the various manufactures of steam engines, both
+stationary and locomotive, boilers, steam looms, and every other
+piece of machinery required for manufacturing purposes in this
+part of the kingdom.</p>
+<p>In another branch of manufacture, that of silk, which is of
+growing importance and extent in Manchester, the visiter would be
+gratified by an inspection of the silk mill of Messrs. Royle and
+Crompton, Great Bridgewater-street.</p>
+<h4><a name="page131"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+131</span>PUBLIC BUILDINGS, LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC
+INSTITUTIONS.</h4>
+<p>The Exchange and News Room, (now undergoing alteration and
+extension, for which end, the Post Office, now at the back of the
+building, is to be removed,) is situated at the foot of
+Market-street.&nbsp; It is a semi-circular building, with stone
+front, and the large room contains a full length portrait of
+Colonel Stanley, many years member for the county.</p>
+<p>The Town Hall, in King-street, is a fine structure, founded in
+1822; by application to the porter, the stranger will obtain
+admittance to the hall or &ldquo;large room,&rdquo; which is very
+handsomely decorated with fresco paintings, and by rich
+mouldings, friezes, from the Elgin marbles, &amp;c.</p>
+<p>The Royal Institution in Mosley-street is open twice every
+year, during the exhibitions of paintings; one being limited to
+those of old masters and deceased artists; the other restricted
+to those of modern and living artists.&nbsp; The entrance hall
+and sculpture gallery are worth notice.&nbsp; Admission a
+shilling.</p>
+<p>Nearly adjoining, at the back of the Royal Institution, is the
+Manchester Athen&aelig;um, now in process of erection, the
+members of which at present occupy the lower wing of the Royal
+Institution, with an entrance in Bond-street.&nbsp; The front of
+the Athen&aelig;um is also in Bond-street, and when it is
+finished the two buildings will form a very pleasing proof of the
+architectural resources of Mr. Barry, the architect of the two
+new houses of parliament.</p>
+<p>The Manchester Mechanics&rsquo; Institution is a spacious
+brick edifice in Cooper-street, with large lecture theatre, good
+library, and commodious class rooms.&nbsp; To the Athen&aelig;um
+and the Mechanics&rsquo; Institution there is no difficulty of
+access.</p>
+<p>The Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, one of
+the oldest and most celebrated of provincial institutions, having
+been founded in 1781, has distinguished itself by its annual
+volumes of published memoirs, and is now distinguished in the
+person of its President, the venerable Dr. Dalton.&nbsp; Its Hall
+is in George-street, nearly opposite St. James&rsquo;s Church;
+but as the sittings of the society are not daily, little
+information can be given <a name="page132"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 132</span>as to the admission of
+strangers.&nbsp; Scientific men would doubtless find no
+difficulty in obtaining an introduction.</p>
+<p>The Museum and Hall of the Natural History Society, in
+Peter-street, can only be entered on presenting an order from a
+subscriber.&nbsp; The Museum is very rich in almost every
+description of natural history; we believe in ornithology it is
+particularly so; its collection of British birds is said to be
+unequalled, and its entomological department is becoming
+exceedingly extensive.</p>
+<p>The Concert Hall, at the top of Lower Mosley-street, is an
+elegant building, especially in the interior; having a neat stone
+front.</p>
+<p>In Mosley-street are the Assembly and Billiard Rooms, with a
+plain and somewhat dingy exterior; but the Ball Rooms are
+spacious and elegant.</p>
+<p>Opposite is the Portico, so called from its large Ionic
+portico fronting the street,&mdash;a Subscription Library and
+News Room.&mdash;There are two other Subscription Libraries in
+the upper floors of the Exchange, and a fourth in Newall&rsquo;s
+Buildings, Market street, all of considerable extent.</p>
+<p>In an old low building, (north of the Collegiate Church) to
+which entrance is had by a small gate adjoining the Palatine
+Buildings, Hunt&rsquo;s Bank, the stranger will find what will
+amply repay even a hurried and hasty visit.&nbsp; This building
+is named the College; in it are educated a number of boys who,
+from their dress, are distinguished as the Blue Coat Boys.&nbsp;
+In the upper floor of the building is a long corridor, traversing
+three sides of the building, two of which are converted into a
+library, the books generally being deposited in bays, or enclosed
+recesses, and locked up.&nbsp; This library, which contains
+upwards of 20,000 volumes, was founded by Humphrey Cheetham, who
+lived in the 17th century, and is wholly free; but the books are
+not to be removed from the place.&nbsp; There is a spacious
+reading room at the further extremity of the library, where the
+student may take his worm-eaten folio, and seating himself in an
+old carved chair, may easily transport himself in fancy, two
+centuries back; for the room is of oak, panelled and carved, with
+old tables, chairs, and other furniture corresponding to the
+period; and several old pictures of the founder and other
+worthies.&nbsp; In the library, above the books, <a
+name="page133"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 133</span>are
+suspended various specimens of stuffed reptiles, and other
+objects, which are shown to the visiter by one of the blue coat
+boys, for a small gratuity; the chief curiosity in the exhibition
+being the broad Lancashire dialect, and strange mode of
+description, given by the little showman.</p>
+<p>To the Botanic Garden, Old Trafford, Stretford Road, (to which
+omnibuses convey visiters to Market-street,) the admission is by
+an order from a member or subscriber; the secretary is Mr. S. E.
+Cottam, Brazennose-street.&nbsp; The garden covers 17 acres, and
+contains in its noble conservatories, some of the rarest and
+finest exotics and tropical plants to be seen in the kingdom.</p>
+<p>The Zoological Gardens are about a mile and a half on the new
+Bury road, whither the stranger can be conveyed by omnibus from
+Market-street.&nbsp; One shilling procures admission to these
+gardens, which are as extensive as those in Surrey, covering 15
+acres of ground, and, although of recent foundation, they already
+contain many very fine and rare animals, including a rhinoceros,
+elephant, lion, tigers, &amp;c., and a very good collection of
+hardy plants.</p>
+<h4>PLACES OF WORSHIP.</h4>
+<p><i>The Collegiate Church</i>.&mdash;The parish church of
+Manchester, and generally called &ldquo;The Old Church&rdquo; by
+the inhabitants, is within a short distance of the Exchange, at
+the foot of Market-street, whence the stranger, by passing
+through the Market Place and Old Millgate, will find himself at
+the principal gateway to the church-yard, which is always
+open.&nbsp; The church is a fine old edifice; in the choir are
+some curious carvings in wood; the canopies for the stalls show
+the taste of the artist in tracery.&nbsp; The altar piece is a
+relic of the loom,&mdash;a faded pictorial representation on
+tapestry, of which the colours and forms are now obscured by the
+touch of time.&nbsp; There are in the church several enclosed
+chapels; amongst others, one of the Earls of Derby.&nbsp; In the
+south transept, near the entrance to the registry, is the spot
+where, for a few short weeks, rested the remains of the gifted
+and hapless Malibran,&mdash;since removed to the church of
+Lacken, near Brussels.&nbsp; Passing thence to the registry, is a
+mural monument, in white <a name="page134"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 134</span>marble, by Chantrey.&nbsp; Adjoining
+the registry is the chapter-house,&mdash;the ecclesiastical
+government of the parish being vested in a warden, and four
+fellows constitute the chapter, and who will probably be
+appointed dean and canons, when the see of Manchester is
+erected.&nbsp; The parish of Manchester is of great extent,
+including upwards of thirty townships.</p>
+<p>Of the other churches in the town our limits admit but of a
+brief notice.</p>
+<p><i>St. Ann&rsquo;s</i>, in St. Ann&rsquo;s Square, is an
+example of the anomalies of some ancient parishes,&mdash;it
+forms, with its grave-yard, a parish of itself; and, we believe,
+though standing in the very heart of Manchester, it counts but
+one house in its parish.</p>
+<p><i>St. Mary&rsquo;s</i>, in St. Mary&rsquo;s Street,
+Deansgate, has a very fine spire, surmounted by a ball.&nbsp;
+This was the scene of a feat of one of the Woottons, the steeple
+climbers, who, by some simple apparatus, as ropes, climbed up the
+giddy height, and removed the old ball and cross, which had been
+damaged by lightning.</p>
+<p><i>St. Paul&rsquo;s</i>, in Turner-street, has no
+architectural pretensions, or other claims to special notice.</p>
+<p><i>St. John&rsquo;s</i>, St. John&rsquo;s Street, Deansgate,
+is a plain, brick edifice, once the scene of the pastoral labours
+of the Rev. John Clowes, a disciple of Emanuel Swedenborg.</p>
+<p><i>St. James&rsquo;s</i>, St. James&rsquo;s Street, is a brick
+building.</p>
+<p><i>St. Peter&rsquo;s</i>, at the foot of Mosley-street, a
+handsome stone edifice, resembling a Grecian temple.</p>
+<p><i>St. Michael&rsquo;s</i>, Angel-street, <i>St.
+Clement&rsquo;s</i>, Lever-street, and <i>St. George&rsquo;s</i>,
+St. George&rsquo;s Road, have little to tempt the stranger to
+visit them, for their external appearance.</p>
+<p><i>St. Matthew&rsquo;s</i>, Camp Field, is a very handsome
+stone structure, in the English style of architecture, erected in
+1825; and the large area in front gives the spectator room to see
+its form and proportions, unimpeded by surrounding houses.</p>
+<p><i>St. Andrew&rsquo;s</i>, Travis-street, London-road, is a
+neat Gothic structure of stone, built in 1831.</p>
+<p><i>All Saints&rsquo;</i>, in Grosvenor-square,
+Chorlton-on-Medlock, was erected in 1820: it is a stone building,
+standing in the midst of an enclosure, in the centre of the
+Square.</p>
+<p><i>St. Saviour&rsquo;s</i>, Plymouth Grove,
+Chorlton-on-Medlock, is a stone <a name="page135"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 135</span>edifice, which is intended to
+receive a tower at some future period.</p>
+<p>In Salford, <i>Trinity Chapel</i>, Chapel-street, and <i>St.
+Stephen&rsquo;s</i>, St. Stephen&rsquo;s Street, have little to
+interest the stranger.</p>
+<p><i>St. Phillip&rsquo;s</i>, near the Adelphi, is a stone
+edifice, with a semi-circular colonnade in front, and a circular
+tower and dome of slender proportions, which have been compared
+to a pepper-box.</p>
+<p><i>Christ&rsquo;s Church</i>, Acton-square, beyond the
+Crescent, Salford, is of stone.&nbsp; Its minister, the Rev. Hugh
+Stowell, M.A., is one of the most popular preachers in the
+town.&nbsp; Not a mile beyond this, is Pendleton church,&mdash;a
+neat Gothic structure of stone, which from its position, is a
+pleasing object from many points of view for miles round.</p>
+<p><i>St. George&rsquo;s</i>, Hulme, is a specimen of the florid
+Gothic in some of its architectural decorations.</p>
+<p><i>St. Luke&rsquo;s</i>, Cheetham Hill, now in progress of
+erection, the first stone being laid in June, 1836, is another
+Gothic edifice, of some pretensions.</p>
+<p>Amongst the dissenting chapels and meeting houses, those of
+the Methodists and Independents are the most prominent for their
+numbers and size.&nbsp; The Wesleyan Methodists have about a
+dozen; of which, the principal are the chapels in Oldham-street,
+Grosvenor-street (Chorlton-on-Medlock); and in Irwell-street, and
+Gravel-lane, Salford.&nbsp; The New Connexion Methodists have
+two; the Primitive Methodists, four; the Independent Methodists,
+two; and the Methodist Association, (the seceders under Dr.
+Warren,) five or six chapels in the town and suburbs.</p>
+<p>The Independents have seven or eight large chapels; the
+principal ones are, that in Mosley-street, the scene of the late
+Rev. Dr. McAll&rsquo;s ministerial labours; that in
+Grosvenor-street, in which the late Rev. Mr. Roby once
+ministered; and one in Rusholme-road,&mdash;the last being the
+only one of handsome exterior.</p>
+<p>The Particular Baptists have three chapels; the Society of
+Friends, a very large, neat building, with stone front, in
+Dickenson-street; the Scotch Church is a neat stone edifice,
+opposite St. Peter&rsquo;s Church, St. Peter&rsquo;s Square; the
+Scotch Presbyterian, or Secession Church, in Lloyd-street and
+Mount-street, is a plain brick building.</p>
+<p><a name="page136"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 136</span>The
+Unitarians have four chapels; that in Cross-street, a large brick
+building, was destroyed by a mob, in what were called the
+&ldquo;Sacheverel riots,&rdquo; and parliament voted &pound;1,500
+towards its re-erection.&nbsp; There is a small chapel in
+Salford, in Dawson&rsquo;s Croft, Greengate; a large and very
+handsome stone-fronted edifice in Bridge-street, Strangeways; and
+a beautiful and spacious structure, one of the purest specimens
+of the English style of architecture in the town, nearly
+completed, in Upper Brook-street, Chorlton-on-Medlock, for the
+congregation formerly worshipping in the Mosley-street
+chapel.</p>
+<p>The Swedenborgians have two chapels; one in Peter-street,
+Manchester, the other in Bolton-street, Salford.&nbsp; There are
+seven chapels for the Welsh, of different denominations; three,
+severally called &ldquo;Christ Church,&rdquo; for particular
+denominations of Dissenters; and the Jews have a synagogue in
+Halliwell-street.</p>
+<h4>PLACES OF PUBLIC AMUSEMENT.</h4>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Royal Theatre,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Fountain-street.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Queen&rsquo;s Theatre,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>York-street.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Assembly Rooms,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Mosley-street.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Club House,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Mosley-street.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Concert Hall,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Lower Mosley-street.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Albion Club House,</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>King-street.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Billiard Room</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Mosley-street.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h4>BATHS.</h4>
+<p>Public Baths, situate at the entrance of the Infirmary
+Walks.</p>
+<p>Adelphi Swimming Baths, Reservoir Terrace, Salford.</p>
+<p>Dolphin Cold Baths, Horrock Red Bank.</p>
+<p>Medicated Vapour Bath, No. 1, Lloyd-street.</p>
+<p>Whitlow&rsquo;s Vapour Baths, 35, George street.</p>
+<h4>CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.</h4>
+<p>Manchester Royal Infirmary, Dispensaries, and Lunatic Asylum,
+Piccadilly; Salford, and Pendleton Dispensary, 19, Bank
+Parade.</p>
+<p><a name="page137"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 137</span>House
+of Recovery, Aytown-street.</p>
+<p>Lying-in Hospital, Stanley-street, Salford.</p>
+<p>Sick Hospital, 16, Bond-street.</p>
+<p>Female Penitentiary, Rusholme-road.</p>
+<p>Institution for curing Diseases in the Eye, 35,
+Faulkner-street.</p>
+<p>The Humane Society&rsquo;s Receiving Houses are four in
+number, viz., Lying-in Hospital, Stanley-street; the Ardwick and
+Ancoats Dispensary; the Lying-in Hospital, Salford; and the
+Salford and Pendleton Dispensary.</p>
+<p>The Chorlton-on-Medlock Dispensary.</p>
+<p>The Workhouse, Strangeways.</p>
+<p>The Vagrant Office, ditto.</p>
+<p>The Salford Workhouse, Green Gate.</p>
+<p>The Pendleton Workhouse, Ford Lane.</p>
+<p>Manchester and Salford District Provident Society, Office, 11,
+St. James&rsquo;s Square.</p>
+<p>Besides the above, there are various sums bequeathed for
+purposes of charity, amounting to the annual income of upwards of
+&pound;5,000.</p>
+<h4>RAILROAD.</h4>
+<p>For time of Trains starting, &amp;c., see page 118.</p>
+<h4>HOTELS, COACHES, AND COACH OFFICES.</h4>
+<p>Buck and Hawthorn, St. Anne-street; Buck, Hanging Ditch;</p>
+<p>Bush Inn, Deans-gate; Eagle Inn, Market-street; Golden Lion,
+Deans-gate; Hare and Hounds, Shude Hill; Lower Turk&rsquo;s Head,
+ditto;</p>
+<p>Mosley Arms, Piccadilly; Ditto, Shude Hill; New Boar&rsquo;s
+Head, Hyde&rsquo;s Cross; Old Boar&rsquo;s Head, ditto; Palace
+Inn, Market-street; Peacock, ditto; Royal Hotel, corner of
+Mosely-street (the Mails start from here); Swan Inn,
+Market-street; Swan, Whitley Grove; Talbot, Market-street; White
+Swan, Shude Hill; Commercial, Market-street.</p>
+<h4><a name="page138"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 138</span>POST
+OFFICE.</h4>
+<p><i>The following are the intended Arrivals and Departures of
+the principal Mails at this Office</i>, <i>from the 6th of
+July</i>, 1837.</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="4"><p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">ARRIVAL.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="3"><p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">DEPARTURE.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">H.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">H.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>London</i></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">45</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span>&mdash;Principal London
+Mail.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">45</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span> with Foreign Letters
+for the first Morning Delivery</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span>&mdash;For a second
+Delivery in London.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span>&mdash;for Foreign
+Letters on Tuesdays and Fridays.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Bristol</i></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">45</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Birmingham</i></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">45</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span
+class="GutSmall">15</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">7</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span
+class="GutSmall">15</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">11</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">45</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><span
+class="GutSmall">15</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Edinburgh</i></p>
+<p><i>Glasgow</i></p>
+<p><i>Carlisle</i></p>
+<p><i>Preston</i></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">3</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">25</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">40</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+<p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">4</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">45</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+<p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Liverpool</i></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">10</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">2</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">3</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">35</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">35</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">10</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">35</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">35</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+<p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+<p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+<p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+<p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">8</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">4</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">50</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">45</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">50</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">50</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+<p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+<p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+<p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Ireland</i></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">or</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">10</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">40</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">or</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">40</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">or</p>
+<p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+<p>According to the arrival of Packets.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">2</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Leeds</i></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">5</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">45</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>York</i></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">25</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">8</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Derby</i></p>
+<p><i>Nottingham</i></p>
+<p><i>Leicester</i></p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;By <i>Buxton</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">45</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">A.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ditto</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;By <i>Birmingham</i></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">3</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">45</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">15</p>
+</td>
+<td><p><span class="GutSmall">P.M.</span></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h4>GENERAL DELIVERIES AT THE OFFICE.</h4>
+<p>The first, at eight until half-past eight in the morning,
+includes Letters from London, Liverpool, Stafford, Wolverhampton,
+<a name="page139"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+139</span>Birmingham, Market Drayton, Warrington, Frodsham,
+Derby, Middleton, Bolton, Stockport, and Macclesfield, the
+greatest part of Yorkshire, Lancashire, Cambridgeshire,
+Herefordshire, Norfolk, Northumberland, Sunderland, and
+Durham.</p>
+<p>The second, at nine until a quarter before twelve in the
+morning, First Liverpool, (per Railway,) includes Letters from
+Chester, the counties of Shropshire, Hereford, Leominster, part
+of North Wales, and all Ireland, Bolton, Blackburn, Bury,
+Burnley, Colne, Oldham, all Saddleworth, Ashton-under-Line,
+Audenshaw, Stalybridge, Hyde, Denton, Gee Cross, and Gorton.</p>
+<p>The third, at eleven until a quarter to twelve in the morning,
+Second Liverpool, (per Railway,) Preston, Newton-in-the-Willows,
+Eccles and Kenyon.</p>
+<p>The fourth, at twelve at noon, until half-past three in the
+afternoon, includes Letters from London, Bristol, Falmouth, the
+counties of Berkshire, Essex, Kent, Hants, Sussex, and Suffolk;
+part of North Wales, Cornwall, Devonshire, Somersetshire,
+Oxfordshire, Warwickshire, Northamptonshire, Bedfordshire,
+Cheshire, and all the West of England; Walsall, Wolverhampton;
+Stafford, Stone, Shiffnall, Chester, Newcastle, Lawton,
+Northwich, Knutsford, Middlewich, Nantwich, Preston-Brook,
+Runcorn, Warrington, Frodsham, Penkridge, Eccleshall, Towcester,
+Northampton, Altringham, Didsbury, Cheadle, and Wilmslow.</p>
+<p>The fifth, at half-past two until half-past three in the
+afternoon, Third Liverpool, (per Railway,) and Leigh.</p>
+<p>The sixth, at a quarter-past four in the afternoon until nine
+at night, includes Letters from York, Wetherby, Leeds, Bradford,
+Huddersfield, Halifax, Rochdale; parts of Suffolk, Hertfordshire,
+Cambridgeshire, and Scotland, Derby, Ashbourn, Leek,
+Macclesfield, and Stockport; the counties of Bedford, Hertford,
+Leicester, and Northampton; Disley, Buxton, Bakewell, Matlock,
+Belper, Sheffield, &amp;c.; Fourth Liverpool, (per Railway,)
+Carlisle, the whole of Scotland, the counties of Westmoreland and
+Cumberland, Ulverston, Lancaster, Preston, &amp;c.</p>
+<p>The seventh, at half-past seven until nine at night, Fifth
+Liverpool, (per Railway,) includes Letters from Birmingham,
+Wolverhampton, Stafford, Walsall, Shiffnall, Chester, Newcastle,
+Lawton, Middlewich, Northwich, Warrington, Frodsham, <a
+name="page140"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+140</span>Preston-brook, Runcorn, Penkridge, Knutsford,
+Congleton, Stockport, Bolton, and Rochdale.</p>
+<p>There are three deliveries by the carriers for the towns of
+Manchester and Salford, daily, at 8 30, a.m., at 12 30, p.m., and
+5, p.m., except on Sundays, when there is only a morning
+delivery.&nbsp; The deliveries, of course, must be delayed, if
+any irregularity in the arrival of the Mails.&nbsp; The letter
+carriers are at the office from 7 to 8 30, a.m., from 12 to 12
+30, p.m., and from 4 to 5, p.m.; but no letters can be delivered
+by them at the office, except to persons who have not been found
+when on their rounds.</p>
+<p>The Office continues open for strangers from 8 in the morning
+until 10 at night.&nbsp; On Sundays, the office is closed from
+half-past 10 till half-past 12, and from 3 till 5.</p>
+<h4>HACKNEY COACH FARES.</h4>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">DAY FARES.</p>
+<p><i>These Fares are to be taken</i>, <i>either for time or
+distance</i>, <i>at the option of the driver</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center">One Horse Coach</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center">Two Horse Coach</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">s.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">d.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">s.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">d.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Any distance not exceeding two thirds of a mile, or 1172
+yards.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Any distance exceeding two thirds of a mile, and not
+exceeding 1 mile, or 1760 yards</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>And for every succeeding third of a mile, or 586 yards</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>If for time, then for any time not exceeding a quarter of
+an hour</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>For every succeeding quarter of an hour</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>For every stoppage to take up more than once, and to set
+down more than twice, an additional</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>For every quarter of an hour waiting after being
+called</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">FARES FROM ST. ANN&rsquo;S
+SQUARE.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center">One Horse Coach</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center">Two Horse Coach</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">s.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">d.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">s.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">d.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Stockport Road</i>&mdash;26 yards past Lees-street
+(left)</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&mdash; 50 yards past Travis-street
+(right)</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Cheetham Hill</i>&mdash;opposite further side
+Johnson-st.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&mdash; 83 yards short of lane on left,
+near first mile stone</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Oldham Road</i>&mdash;27&#8532; yards past Warwick-st.
+(left)</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&mdash; 18 yards past German-st.
+(right)</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><a name="page141"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+141</span><i>Stretford Road</i>&mdash;23&frac12; yds. past
+Gaythorn-st. (right)</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&mdash; 31 yards short of Branch to New
+Eccles Road</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Broughton Road</i>&mdash;2 yards past end of
+Paradise-row</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&mdash; 3 yards short of first corner of
+Broughton Bridge</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Bury New Road</i>&mdash;6&frac12; yards past door of
+Whitster&rsquo;s Arms</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&mdash; 14 yards short of line of
+building belonging to Mrs. Lomas</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Pendleton Road</i>&mdash;45&frac12; yards short of
+Irwell-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&mdash; 4 yds. short of Black Horse
+door</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>New Eccles or Regent Road</i>&mdash;32&#8531; yds. past
+Collier-street, Liverpool-road</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&mdash; opposite end of New Quay
+Co.&rsquo;s yard</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center">FARES FROM PICCADILLY.</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center">One Horse Coach</p>
+</td>
+<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center">Two Horse Coach</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">s.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">d.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">s.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">d.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Stockport Road</i>&mdash;23 yards beyond
+Russel-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&mdash; 52 yards short of centre of new
+Sheffield-road</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Cheetham Hill</i>&mdash;7&#8531; yds. short of toll bar
+on bridge</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&mdash; 37 yds. beyond York-place on
+left</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Oldham Road</i>&mdash;3&#8531; yards beyond
+Arundel-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&mdash; 10 yds. beyond Hall&rsquo;s
+Place on right</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Stretford Road</i>&mdash;7&#8531; yards past
+Briton&rsquo;s Protection Inn, Bridgewater-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&mdash; 11&frac12; yards past end of
+factory next river Medlock on left</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Broughton Road</i>&mdash;25&#8531; yards beyond
+Bell&rsquo;s Gates, Salford</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&mdash; 39 yds. short of Green Bk.
+Terrace</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Bury New Road</i>&mdash;2&#8531; yards beyond Backhouse
+and Hyde&rsquo;s distillery</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&mdash; 52 yards past
+Nightingale-street</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><i>Pendleton Road</i>&mdash;Opposite 1st corner of
+Walker&rsquo;s timber yard gates</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&mdash;3&frac12; yards past Smith-st.,
+Salford</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">6</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>Every person calling a coach, and not employing it to such
+call, shall pay such sum as would have been due for carrying a
+fare from the stand to the place where the driver was called
+to.</p>
+<p><a name="page142"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+142</span>Carriages drawn by one horse to carry not exceeding
+four persons besides the driver; and in carriages drawn by two
+horses, for every person above four in addition to the driver,
+one fourth of the whole fare.</p>
+<p>The above fares shall be deemed a sufficient compensation for
+any reasonable luggage which the passengers may think fit to
+take.</p>
+<p>When the fares for any carriage with two horses shall amount
+to four shillings or upwards, or any carriage with one horse,
+three shillings or upwards, it shall be at the option of the
+hirer to detain such carriage, to return in the same, on payment
+of half fare, provided it be not detained more than twenty
+minutes, and for which detention no additional sum shall be
+demanded.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Night Fares</span>.&mdash;After 12
+o&rsquo;clock at night, or before 6 o&rsquo;clock in the morning,
+double the above fares are to be allowed; but when double fare
+for distance is charged, single fare for waiting only to be
+allowed; or if double fare for waiting is charged, only single
+fare for distance.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">[<i>Time of standing</i>, <i>from
+nine</i>, <i>morning</i>, <i>to twelve</i>, <i>night</i>.]</p>
+<p><i>Piccadilly Stand</i>.&mdash;3 pair-horse, 20 one-horse
+coaches.</p>
+<p><i>St. Ann&rsquo;s Square</i>.&mdash;2 pair-horse, 15
+one-horse coaches.</p>
+<p><i>Railway Station and St. Peter&rsquo;s Square</i>.&mdash;2
+pair-horse, and 7 one-horse coaches, may stand at either of these
+places: they usually ply in Liverpool Road, at the arrivals of
+the railway trains, and at other times stand in St. Peter&rsquo;s
+Square.</p>
+<p><i>Hunt&rsquo;s Bank</i>, <i>by the Church Steps</i>.&mdash;2
+one-horse coaches.</p>
+<p><i>Tame-street</i>, <i>opposite the Crescent</i>,
+<i>Ancoats</i>.&mdash;1 one-horse coach.</p>
+<h4>SALFORD.</h4>
+<p><i>Front of New Bailey</i>.&mdash;Twelve coaches.</p>
+<h4>CHORLTON-ON-MEDLOCK.</h4>
+<p><i>All Saints&rsquo; Church</i>.&mdash;Seven coaches.</p>
+<p><i>Upper Brook-street</i>.&mdash;Four coaches.</p>
+<p><i>Tuer-street</i>, <i>Oxford-street</i>.&mdash;Two
+coaches.</p>
+<h4><a name="page143"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+143</span>BANKERS.</h4>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><i>Manchester Bankers</i>.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: center"><i>Correspondents in
+London</i>.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Bank of England Branch Bank.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Bank of England.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Savings&rsquo; Bank, Mr. Jn. Atkinson, Agent, 1,
+Cross-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Cunliffes, Brooks, &amp; Co., Market-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>R. Cunliffe, jun., &amp; Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Daintry, Ryle, &amp; Co., Norfolk-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Whitmore, Wells, &amp; Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>B. Heywood &amp; Co., St. Anne-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Masterman &amp; Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>W. Jones, Lloyd, &amp; Co., King-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Jones, Lloyd, &amp; Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Scholes, Tetlow, &amp; Co., Cannon-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Curries &amp; Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Bank of Manchester, Market-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Denison &amp; Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Manchester &amp; Liverpool District Bank, Spring
+Gardens.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Smith, Payne, &amp; Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Northern and Central Bank, Crown-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Westminster Bank.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Union Bank, Crown-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Glyn &amp; Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Commercial Bank of England, Mosley-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Masterman &amp; Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>Manchester &amp; Salford Bank, King-st.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Williams, Deacon &amp; Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>South Lancashire Bank, Crown-street.</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>Barclay &amp; Co.</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h4>NEWSPAPERS.</h4>
+<p>There are five Newspapers in Manchester; four of them weekly,
+published on Saturday; and the fifth, the Guardian, published
+twice a week, Wednesday and Saturday.&nbsp; We annex their names
+and politics, and their circulation, as deduced from the stamp
+return for the three months ending 1st March, 1838:&mdash;</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Guardian</span>, Whig</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>5050</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Advertiser</span>, Ultra Radical</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>3412</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Times</span>, Moderate Radical</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>2529</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Courier</span>, Conservative</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>2824</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p><span class="smcap">Chronicle</span>, Conservative</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>1382</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p><sup>*</sup><sub>*</sub><sup>*</sup> For further particulars
+we refer the Stranger to the Manchester Directory.</p>
+<h4><a name="page144"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+144</span>PRINCIPAL TOWNS NEAR MANCHESTER.</h4>
+<p><i>Altringham</i>.&nbsp; Its chief manufactures are yarn,
+cotton, and worsted.&nbsp; Population, 2,302. 8 miles S.W. of
+Manchester.</p>
+<p><i>Ashton</i>.&nbsp; Woollens.&nbsp; Population, 9,222.&nbsp;
+7 miles E.</p>
+<p><i>Bolton</i>.&nbsp; Muslin, quilting, and dimity.&nbsp;
+Population, 22,037. 11 miles N.W.</p>
+<p><i>Bury</i>.&nbsp; Cotton.&nbsp; Population, 10,583.&nbsp; 9
+miles N.N.W.</p>
+<p><i>Fairfield</i>.&nbsp; A Moravian settlement.&nbsp; 4 miles
+E.</p>
+<p><i>Knutsford</i>.&nbsp; Thread, worsted, and leather.
+Population, 2,753. 15 miles S.</p>
+<p><i>Macclesfield</i>.&nbsp; Silk.&nbsp; Population,
+17,746.&nbsp; 18 miles S.</p>
+<p><i>Middleton</i>.&nbsp; Cotton.&nbsp; Population,
+12,793.&nbsp; 7 miles N.</p>
+<p><i>Newton</i>.&nbsp; Fustian and cotton.&nbsp; Population,
+1,643.&nbsp; 16 miles W.</p>
+<p><i>Rochdale</i>. Woollen and strong cotton goods. Population,
+61,011.&nbsp; 12 miles N.</p>
+<p><i>Stockport</i>.&nbsp; Cotton.&nbsp; Population,
+21,726.&nbsp; 7 miles S.</p>
+<p><i>Warrington</i>.&nbsp; Cotton.&nbsp; Population,
+13,570.&nbsp; 15 miles W.</p>
+<p><i>Wigan</i>.&nbsp; Cotton and linen.&nbsp; Population,
+17,716.&nbsp; 18 N.W.</p>
+<h2><a name="page145"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+145</span>INDEX.</h2>
+<p>Acton station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page58">58</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Aston church, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page13">13</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; hall, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page14">14</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; viaduct, <i>ib.</i></p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Basford station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page45">45</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Barr Beacon, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page16">16</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Beeston castle, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page51">51</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Bescot Bridge station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page19">19</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Birmingham, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page1">1</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; antiquity of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page2">2</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; bankers, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page111">111</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; brass founders, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page106">106</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; British plate manufacturers, <i>ib.</i></p>
+<p>&mdash; button manufacturers, <i>ib.</i></p>
+<p>&mdash; buildings and institutions of, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page7">7</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page9">9</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page97">97</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page98">98</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; canal conveyance, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page113">113</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; commercial boarding houses, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page112">112</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; cut and plain glass manufacturers, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page107">107</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; etymology of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page1">1</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; glass works, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page107">107</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; gun and pistol makers, <i>ib.</i></p>
+<p>&mdash; hackney coach fares, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page111">111</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; inns, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page112">112</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; iron founders, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page108">108</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; japanners, <i>ib.</i></p>
+<p>&mdash; jewellers, silversmiths, and emporiums for every
+description of cutlery, plated wares, &amp;c., <i>ib.</i></p>
+<p>&mdash; lamp, chandelier, candelabra, lustre, &amp;c.
+manufacturers, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page108">108</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; manufactures of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page4">4</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; manufacturers, miscellaneous, &amp;c., <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page109">109</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; metal rollers, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page108">108</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; newspapers, list of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page112">112</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; omnibus offices, <i>ib.</i></p>
+<p>&mdash; pin makers, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page109">109</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; places of note adjacent to, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page114">114</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; places of worship, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page8">8</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page9">9</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page99">99</a></span>&ndash;105.</p>
+<p>&mdash; platers, and manufacturers of silver and plated wares,
+<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page109">109</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; post office, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page110">110</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; public amusements, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page98">98</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; public charities, <i>ib.</i></p>
+<p>&mdash; schools, <i>ib.</i></p>
+<p>&mdash; screw manufacturers, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page109">109</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; station house, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page12">12</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; steam engine manufacturers, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page109">109</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; waggon warehouses, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page114">114</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; water works, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page15">15</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Bolton Junction station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page85">85</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Bridgeford hall, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page37">37</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page36">36</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Broad Green station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page70">70</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Bury-lane station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page85">85</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Bushbury hill and church, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page26">26</a></span>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p><a name="page146"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+146</span>Cannock Chase, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page28">28</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Chat Moss, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page86">86</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Congleton, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page49">49</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Coppenhall station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page48">48</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Crewe station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page46">46</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Cross-lane Bridge station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page88">88</a></span>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Darlaston, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page20">20</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Delamere Forest, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page51">51</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Duddeston, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page13">13</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Dudley, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page18">18</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Dutton viaduct, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page58">58</a></span>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Eccles church, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page87">87</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Eccleshall, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page38">38</a></span>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Four Ashes station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page28">28</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Frodsham, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page60">60</a></span>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Hampstead hall, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page17">17</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Hartford station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page55">55</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Huyton Gate and Roby-lane Gate stations, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page69">69</a></span>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>James&rsquo;s Bridge station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page20">20</a></span>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Knowsley Park, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page69">69</a></span>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Liverpool, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page72">72</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; antiquity of, <i>ib.</i></p>
+<p>&mdash; bankers, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page128">128</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; baths, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page116">116</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; buildings of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page79">79</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page115">115</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; castle of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page73">73</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; commerce of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page77">77</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; distinguished natives of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page82">82</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; docks of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page78">78</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page116">116</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; etymology of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page72">72</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; foreign packets, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page120">120</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; harbour of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page77">77</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; importance of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page74">74</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; inns, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page120">120</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; literary, and scientific institutions, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page116">116</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; manufactures of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page82">82</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; markets, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page116">116</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; newspapers, list of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page129">129</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; objects of attraction, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page115">115</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; post office, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page124">124</a></span>&ndash;127.</p>
+<p>&mdash; places of worship, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page81">81</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page118">118</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; public amusements, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page115">115</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; public charities, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page117">117</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; railroad regulations, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page118">118</a></span>.&nbsp; See also sheet table.</p>
+<p>&mdash; steam navigation, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page121">121</a></span>&ndash;124.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Madeley station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page43">43</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Manchester, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page89">89</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; bankers, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page143">143</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; baths, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page136">136</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; commencement of its manufacturing celebrity, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page90">90</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; distinguished natives of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page96">96</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; etymology of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page89">89</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; hackney coach fares, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page140">140</a></span>&ndash;142.</p>
+<p>&mdash; hotels, coaches, and coach offices, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page137">137</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; manufactures of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page91">91</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page130">130</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; newspapers, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page143">143</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; origin of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page89">89</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; places of public amusement, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page136">136</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; places of worship, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page133">133</a></span>&ndash;136.</p>
+<p>&mdash; post office, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page138">138</a></span>&ndash;140.</p>
+<p>&mdash; principal towns near, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page144">144</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; public buildings and institutions of, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page94">94</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page131">131</a></span>, <span
+class="indexpageno"><a href="#page136">136</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; railroad, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page137">137</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; situation of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page93">93</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Mersey viaduct, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page62">62</a></span>.</p>
+<p><a name="page147"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+147</span>Middlewich, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page52">52</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Minshull Vernon station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page50">50</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Moore station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page61">61</a></span>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Nantwich, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page46">46</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Newton Junction, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page65">65</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; town of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page84">84</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Nixon, Robert, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page54">54</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Northwich, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page56">56</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; brine springs, <i>ib.</i></p>
+<p>Norton Bridge station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page37">37</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Norton priory, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page60">60</a></span>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Old Roman Way, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page29">29</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Over, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page53">53</a></span>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Parkside station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page85">85</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Patricroft station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page87">87</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Penkridge church, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page30">30</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page31">31</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Perry Barr station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page16">16</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; hall, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page17">17</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Potteries, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page38">38</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Prescot, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page68">68</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Preston-Brook station,<span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page60">60</a></span>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Quarry Bridge, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page30">30</a></span>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Rowley Hills, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page21">21</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Runcorn, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page61">61</a></span>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Sandbach, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page49">49</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Sandwell Park, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page17">17</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Spread Eagle station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page29">29</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Stafford, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page32">32</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; station, <i>ib.</i></p>
+<p>Standon church, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page40">40</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Stone, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page38">38</a></span>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Tunnel, Liverpool, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page70">70</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; Wednesfield, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page22">22</a></span>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Vale Royal viaduct, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page54">54</a></span>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Walsall, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page19">19</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Warrington station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page62">62</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; account of, <i>ib.</i></p>
+<p>Waste-lane station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page88">88</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Wednesbury, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page19">19</a></span>.</p>
+<p>West Bromwich, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page17">17</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; gas works, <i>ib.</i></p>
+<p>Whitmore station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page41">41</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Willenhall, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page22">22</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; station, <i>ib.</i></p>
+<p>Winsford station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page53">53</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Winwick church, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page64">64</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; hall, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page65">65</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page64">64</a></span>.</p>
+<p>Wolverhampton, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page24">24</a></span>.</p>
+<p>&mdash; station, <span class="indexpageno"><a
+href="#page23">23</a></span>.</p>
+<h2>NOTES.</h2>
+<p><a name="footnotev"></a><a href="#citationv"
+class="footnote">[v]</a>&nbsp; The work is published either with
+or without the steel plates.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote7"></a><a href="#citation7"
+class="footnote">[7]</a>&nbsp; The proceeds of the Musical
+Festivals are for the benefit of the General Hospital, and not
+given to the Dispensary, as is stated in Mr. Lacy&rsquo;s
+Liverpool Guide-book.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote11"></a><a href="#citation11"
+class="footnote">[11]</a>&nbsp; &ldquo;The Picture of
+Birmingham,&rdquo; published by J. Drake, New-street, containing
+an historical and descriptive account of the town, with an
+accurate map, and twelve views of the principal buildings,
+&amp;c.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote14"></a><a href="#citation14"
+class="footnote">[14]</a>&nbsp; See page 2.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote97a"></a><a href="#citation97a"
+class="footnote">[97a]</a>&nbsp;&nbsp; For a detailed account of
+objects worthy the traveller&rsquo;s notice, see the
+&ldquo;Picture of Birmingham,&rdquo; published by J. Drake, 52,
+New-street; W. Wood, 78, High street; and to be had of all
+booksellers.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote97b"></a><a href="#citation97b"
+class="footnote">[97b]</a>&nbsp; A correct view of the Town Hall,
+Free Grammar School, and Market Hall, to be had on a sheet, the
+one shilling, at J. Drake&rsquo;s, 52, New-street, and of all
+booksellers.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote106"></a><a href="#citation106"
+class="footnote">[106]</a>&nbsp; The limits of this work would
+not admit of a more extensive list of the manufacturers of
+Birmingham, which are exceedingly numerous.</p>
+<p><a name="footnote110"></a><a href="#citation110"
+class="footnote">[110]</a>&nbsp; With Foreign Letters, <i>via</i>
+Birmingham and Chester to Holyhead.</p>
+<h2><a name="page1_1"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+1</span>ADVERTISEMENTS.</h2>
+<h3>CLARK&rsquo;S<br />
+METALLIC HOT-HOUSE MANUFACTORY,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall"><i>ESTABLISHED</i></span> 1818,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">FOR THE
+CONSTRUCTION AND ERECTION OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">CONSERVATORIES,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">HOT AND GREEN-HOUSES</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">AND</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">OF EVERY
+DESCRIPTION.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">COPPER SASHES, FAN-LIGHTS,
+SKY-LIGHTS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">&amp;c. &amp;c. &amp;c.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">PROPRIETOR,</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Mr</span>. THOMAS CLARK, <span
+class="smcap">Junior</span>,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">MANAGER,</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Mr</span>. JOHN JONES.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>64, Lionel-street,
+Birmingham.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_2"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 2</span>W. AND
+T. AVERY,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">ESTABLISHED
+1730,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>SCALES, SCALE BEAMS, &amp;
+STEELYARDS,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall"><i>TO
+WEIGH</i></span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">From 100th part of a grain to 20
+tons;</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">PATENT WEIGHING MACHINES,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Screw Plates and Die
+Stocks;</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">ROAD MACHINES UPON THE BEST
+PRINCIPLES;</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Standard Scales and Weights for
+Corporations:</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DIGBETH,
+BIRMINGHAM,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">AND</span>
+32<span class="GutSmall">, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>JOSEPH STUBBS,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">LATE</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">RADENHURST AND STUBBS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall"><i>MANUFACTURER OF</i></span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>WHIPS AND WHIP THONGS,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">SADDLES, BRIDLES, HARNESS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">&amp;c.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>13, Jamaica-row, Smithfield,
+Birmingham.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page1_3"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 3</span>
+<a href="images/pads3.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Coat of Arms"
+title=
+"Coat of Arms"
+src="images/pads3.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<h3>EDWARDS, BALL <span class="GutSmall">AND</span> CO.,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>82, High-street,
+Birmingham,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">JEWELLERS, SILVERSMITHS, CUTLERS,
+&amp;c.,<br />
+EMPORIUM</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">FOR THE
+MANUFACTURES OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><i>BIRMINGHAM</i>,
+<i>SHEFFIELD</i>, <i>AND LONDON</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">Established nearly a century.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p><span class="smcap">This</span> spacious suite of Rooms offers
+to the inspection of the Visiter, an extensive selection of
+fashionable Jewellery, Gold and Silver Plate; and a large
+assortment of second hand Plate; Plated Wares of every variety;
+Fancy Silver Goods; Gilt Jewellery and Trinkets; Gold and Silver
+Watches; German Silver, and Plated on Steel Articles; Warranted
+Cutlery, Elastic Razors, and Strops; Fancy Hearth Brushes; Papier
+M&acirc;ch&eacute;e Trays and Japanned Wares; Bronze Tea and
+Coffee Urns; Britannia Metal Goods; Bronze and Or Molu Suspending
+and Table Lanps, Candelabra, Lustres, Inkstands, &amp;c.;
+Regulation and Dress Swords; Patent Corkscrews; Snuffers and
+Polished Steel Articles of every description.</p>
+<p>N.B. Canteens made and fitted to contain Plate. Livery Button
+Dies cut, and Buttons made to order on the shortest notice.
+Medals and Seals for Public Companies and Scientific Societies,
+Communion Services, Presentation Plate, and Silver Cups designed
+and executed in the first style of Art.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Arms, Crests, and Mottos
+Engraved.</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">FURNISHING
+IRONMONGERY IN GENERAL.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h4><a name="page1_4"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 4</span>JAMES
+WARD,</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center">No. 12, <span class="smcap">St.
+Mary&rsquo;s Row</span>, <span
+class="smcap">Birmingham</span>,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURER
+OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>GUN CLEANING
+RODS</i></b><b>,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">WADDING
+PUNCHES,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Cap&rsquo;d and Common Worms,
+Lock Vices, Nipples,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall"><i>NIPPLE
+AND OTHER TURNSCREWS</i></span><span
+class="GutSmall">,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">BULLET AND
+SHOT MOULDS,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">&amp;c.
+&amp;c.</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">ENGRAVING AND LETTER-CUTTING;</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Letter Punches, Sheep, Bag, and
+Burn Marks; Door Plates and Seals neatly<br />
+engraved; Artificial Flower Punches, &amp;c. &amp;c.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h4>THOMAS ELKINGTON,</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center">GOLD AND SILVER BEATER,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall"><i>WHOLESALE
+DEALER IN</i></span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">SILVER POWDER, BRONZE, &amp;c.,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>146, Lionel-street,
+Birmingham.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h4>R. W. CHILD,</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURER
+OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>FANCY GILT
+TOYS</i></b><b>,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">JEWELLERY, &amp;c.,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>36, Lench-street, St.
+Mary&rsquo;s Square,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">BIRMINGHAM.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page1_5"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 5</span>
+<a href="images/pads5.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Coat of Arms"
+title=
+"Coat of Arms"
+src="images/pads5.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<h3>MAPPLEBECK AND LOWE&rsquo;S</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">EMPORIUM FOR
+THE MANUFACTURES OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">BIRMINGHAM, LONDON, AND
+SHEFFIELD<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURING AND FURNISHING
+IRONMONGERY,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Wholesale and Retail.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">BY
+APPOINTMENT,</span><br />
+<i>Agents to Messrs. JOSEPH RODGERS and SONS</i>,
+<i>Sheffield</i>, <i>Cutlers to her Majesty</i>.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">The</span> Nobility, Gentry, and Strangers
+visiting Birmingham, are respectfully invited to this
+Establishment, whether as Purchasers, or Parties in search of
+amusement. The <span class="GutSmall">SHOW ROOMS</span>, contain
+the finished articles for Sale that are manufactured in this
+Town, London, and Sheffield&mdash;and are open to all persons of
+respectability. Cards of admission, to inspect some of the
+distinguished Manufactories, may be obtained at this
+Establishment.</p>
+<h4>Cutlery Show Rooms,</h4>
+<p>Contains an elegant and splendid assortment of every
+description of articles in Cutlery, and beautiful specimens from
+the Manufactory and Show Rooms of Messrs. Rodgers and Sons, and
+various other articles which present novelties of unusual taste
+and variety; also, an extensive variety of rich <i>Sheffield
+Plated Wares</i>, (with strong Silver edges and shields for
+engraving arms or crests upon,) <i>German Silver and Britannia
+Metal Goods</i>.</p>
+<h4>Furnishing Show Room,</h4>
+<p>Contains splendid Patent Fire Places, elegant Bronzed Steel
+and Or-molu Stove Grates, Fenders, Fire Irons and
+supports&mdash;Bronzed Tea and Coffee Urns, Kettles on Stands,
+&amp;c. &amp;c., of the best manufacture, and entirely new
+patterns.&mdash;A splendid assortment of the best Japanned Papier
+Mach&eacute;e Trays and Waiters; also, Ladies&rsquo; Work Tables,
+Fire Screens, Card Racks, and Cases from the first
+manufacturers.&mdash;Bronzed Inkstands, Lustres, Thermometers,
+Card Racks, Wax Tapers, &amp;c. &amp;c.&mdash;Chandelier, Table,
+Hall, Candle and other Lamps, and Candelabras in Bronze and
+Or-molu.</p>
+<h4>Establishment for Furnishing</h4>
+<p>Gentlemen&rsquo;s Seats, Halls, Houses, &amp;c., in the most
+complete manner and first style of elegance: Kitchen Ranges, on
+most improved principles; Economical Cooking Apparatus, with the
+latest improvements, and every description of Ironmongery, and
+superior Braizery Goods; improved Shower Baths, with Pump; Warm,
+Cold, Hip, and Feet Baths; Horticultural Implements in great
+variety, viz., Tool Chests, Fumigating Bellows, Scott&rsquo;s
+Portable Garden Pumps, Engines, and Mennogrammes (or improved
+Labels) for Flower Pots, &amp;c., highly approved of by the first
+Horticulturists.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">EXPERIENCED
+BELL-HANGERS AND LOCKSMITHS SENT TO ANY PART OF THE
+COUNTRY.</span></p>
+<p>The Wholesale Ironmongery business connected with this
+Establishment, is conducted at No. 1, <span class="smcap">Golden
+Court</span>, adjoining.</p>
+<p><sup>*</sup><sub>*</sub><sup>*</sup> <i>Goods for Exportation
+and Shipping Orders</i>, <i>executed on the most advantageous
+terms</i>.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>6, Bull Ring,
+Birmingham.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_6"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 6</span>JOHN
+RODGERS <span class="GutSmall">AND</span> SONS,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURERS OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>WOOLLEN GIRTH, ROLLER,
+BRACE,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">AND</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>BELT WEBS;</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">ELASTIC INDIA RUBBER WEBS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">AND EVERY
+DESCRIPTION OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">BRACES, BELTS, MILITARY SASHES,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>GIRTHS, SILK PURSES, WATCH
+GUARDS,</b><br />
+<span class="GutSmall">&amp;c.,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">CHISWELL-STREET, LONDON,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>And Broad-street,
+Birmingham.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>THOMAS CLARK <span class="GutSmall">AND</span> CO.,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">JEWELLERS &amp; SILVERSMITHS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>GILT AND STEEL
+TOY</i></b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURERS,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">&amp;c.
+&amp;c.,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>53, Lionel-street,
+Birmingham.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">GOLD, SILVER, AND GILT
+JEWELLERY;</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">SNUFF BOXES,<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">EVER POINTED PENCIL CASES, THIMBLES,
+&amp;c.,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">In great variety, always on
+hand.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page1_7"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 7</span>
+<a href="images/pads7.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Coat of Arms"
+title=
+"Coat of Arms"
+src="images/pads7.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<h3>JAMES BROWN,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURER
+OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">BRITANNIA METAL GOODS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Paradise-street,
+Birmingham.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>JOHN LILLEY, <span class="smcap">Jun</span>.,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURER
+OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">SILVER AND PLATED WARES,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>MILITARY ORNAMENTS,
+&amp;c.,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall"><i>OF EVERY
+DESCRIPTION</i></span><span class="GutSmall">,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>23, St. Paul&rsquo;s Square,
+Birmingham.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>THOMAS HORTON, <span class="GutSmall">AND</span> CO.,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">MAKERS OF GERMAN SILVER,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">AND
+MANUFACTURERS OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">SPOONS, FORKS, &amp;c.,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall"><i>IN THE
+IMPROVED BRITISH PLATE</i></span><span
+class="GutSmall">,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>34, Lench-street,
+Birmingham.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_8"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 8</span>SAMUEL
+RAWLINS &amp; SON,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Saddlery, Harness,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">BRIDLES, SHOT-BELTS, &amp;c.,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>FOR EXPORTATION.</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">CURRIERS, LEATHER FACTORS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">AND</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">FOREIGN HIDE MERCHANTS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>No. 100, WEAMAN STREET,</b><br
+/>
+<span class="GutSmall">BIRMINGHAM.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>NEEDHAM&rsquo;S</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">IMPROVED PATENT</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">MILITARY &amp; PORTABLE</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>BOX SPURS</i></b><b>,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">AND SPURS OF
+EVERY DESCRIPTION,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">FOR THE HOME AND FOREIGN
+MARKETS.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">MANUFACTORY,
+16, COLESHILL STREET,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall"><b>BIRMINGHAM.</b></span></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page1_9"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 9</span>
+<a href="images/pads9.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Coat of Arms"
+title=
+"Coat of Arms"
+src="images/pads9.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<h3>W. HOPKINS &amp; SON,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">(<i>Late James Barron</i>,)</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>PATENT BLIND</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">MANUFACTURERS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">AND</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>GENERAL BRASS FOUNDERS,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">25, LOWER TEMPLE-STREET,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Birmingham.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>MAPS MOUNTED ON A SUPERIOR
+PRINCIPLE;</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">SPRING BLINDS FOR SHOP FRONTS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">ON AN
+IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION;</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>GAUZE WIRE BLINDS,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">OLD BLINDS PAINTED AND
+REPAIRED,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">&amp;c., &amp;c., &amp;c.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_10"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+10</span>SAMUEL BROWN,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">MANUFACTURER OF</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Pocket Books &amp; Fancy Leather
+Cases</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">IN EVERY
+VARIETY.</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">UPPER GOUGH
+STREET,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall"><b>BIRMINGHAM.</b></span></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><span class="GutSmall">FASHIONABLE</span><br />
+CLOTHING ESTABLISHMENT,<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">CURZON PLACE, NEW STREET,
+BIRMINGHAM.</span></h3>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">W. B. REYNOLDS</p>
+<p>Has much pleasure in announcing to his Friends and the Public
+generally, that (in consequence of the decease of his late
+foreman) he has succeeded in engaging from London a Gentleman of
+acknowledged taste, ability, and experience, to superintend the
+cutting department of his business. He therefore feels the
+fullest confidence in soliciting the continued patronage of his
+Friends, the Gentry, and Inhabitants of Birmingham and its
+vicinity, respectfully assuring them, that all orders with which
+he may be favoured will be executed in a style of superiority and
+fashion, not to be surpassed by any establishment at the West end
+of the metropolis.</p>
+<p>To the Ladies, W. B. R. requests particularly to observe,
+that, having for five years had the management of a business in
+Bond Street, London, in which</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">LADIES RIDING HABITS</p>
+<p>formed a leading feature, and much conduced to its celebrity,
+he can promise without reserve, that their commands in this
+department shall be executed in a manner equal, if not superior,
+in taste and elegance, to the most reputed houses in the
+kingdom.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">LIVERIES, MACINTOSH GREAT COATS,
+&amp;c.,<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">IN EVERY VARIETY.</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>FUNERALS FURNISHED.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_11"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 11</span>No.
+7, ST. PAUL&rsquo;S SQUARE, BIRMINGHAM.</h3>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">WILLIAM MITCHELL,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">ORIGINAL GENERAL METALLIC</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>PEN</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">MANUFACTURER,</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Most</span> respectfully requests the
+notice of the Merchants, Dealers, and Stationers, to his
+extensive Assortment of</p>
+<h4>STEEL PENS,</h4>
+<p>comprising every variety of the most approved general
+patterns, manufactured of the best materials, and finished in a
+most superior manner; also, with the above he particularly
+recommends his</p>
+<h4>VICTORIA PENS,</h4>
+<p>as combining in themselves all the best properties of the
+Quill, and possessing, in a superior degree, the durability and
+beautiful equality in the appearance of the writing, that the
+most elaborately finished Steel Pens exhibit.</p>
+<p>Sold Wholesale at the Manufactory, and at his Agents&rsquo;,
+Messrs. Wood &amp; Son, No. 4, Newcastle-street,
+Farringdon-street, London; Mr. Simmons&rsquo;, No. 9, St.
+Ann&rsquo;s Square, Manchester; Mr. Grafton&rsquo;s, Civet Cat,
+Lord-street, Liverpool, and retail by all Stationers.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_12"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+12</span>CABINET,<br />
+UPHOLSTERY, AND PAPER HANGING<br />
+WAREHOUSE,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">16, <span
+class="smcap">Worcester-Street</span>, (<span
+class="smcap">opposite the Market Hall</span>,)<br />
+BIRMINGHAM.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>J. WRIGHT,</b></p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Very</span> respectfully calls the
+attention of Families Furnishing, to his extensive Stock, which
+will be found to consist of an unusually large assortment of</p>
+<h4>CABINET FURNITURE:</h4>
+<p>comprising great varieties of every article of warranted
+manufacture, and of the most seasoned materials, for every
+department of the dwelling, manufactured consistently with the
+prevailing Metropolitan style and taste, and with great regard to
+that desideratum of the day&mdash;<i>economy in price</i>.</p>
+<h4>UPHOLSTERY, &amp;c.</h4>
+<p>Damask and Plain Moreens, Chintzes, Trimmings, Floor Cloths,
+Table-Baizes, &amp;c. &amp;c., of the first quality.</p>
+<h4>PAPER HANGINGS</h4>
+<p>In great variety, selected from the first houses in the Trade;
+and which for style, quality, or price, he flatters himself
+cannot be excelled.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>MENDEL&rsquo;S<br />
+MANCHESTER AND LIVERPOOL<br />
+HOTEL,<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">BRIDGE-STREET, MANCHESTER.</span></h3>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">EMANUEL MENDEL,</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Begs</span> leave to inform Commercial
+Gentlemen and the Public generally, that he has opened the above
+House, which is fitted-up in a superior manner, and hopes, by
+attention and assiduity, to merit a share of public
+patronage.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">WINES AND
+SPIRITS OF THE VERY BEST QUALITY.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">N.B.&mdash;EXCELLENT STABLING AND
+LOCK-UP COACH-HOUSES.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page1_13"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 13</span>
+<a href="images/pads13.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Coat Of Arms"
+title=
+"Coat Of Arms"
+src="images/pads13.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<h3>ROYAL HOTEL,<br />
+<i>MAIL AND COACH OFFICE</i>.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">FROM THIS OFFICE,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DEPART
+ALL</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">HER MAJESTY&rsquo;S ROYAL
+MAILS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">(<i>Except the Burnley
+Mail</i>);</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">ALSO, A
+GREAT NUMBER OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>FIRST-RATE,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">FAST, FOUR-HORSE COACHES:</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">THUS
+AFFORDING</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRAVELLING</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>By Superior Conveyances, to
+the</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">NORTH, INTO YORKSHIRE, AND TO ALL
+PARTS OF</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">THE KINGDOM,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">ALMOST HOURLY.</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">LACY AND ALLEN,<br />
+<span class="GutSmall"><i>PROPRIETORS</i></span><span
+class="GutSmall">.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_14"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 14</span>YORK
+HOTEL</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">AND</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">FAMILY HOUSE,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall"><b>KING-STREET,</b></span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">MANCHESTER.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>R. SWYER.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>TALBOT INN,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall"><b>MARKET-STREET,</b></span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">MANCHESTER,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">AN OLD ESTABLISHED</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>HOUSE.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page1_15"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 15</span>
+<a href="images/pads15.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Coat of Arms"
+title=
+"Coat of Arms"
+src="images/pads15.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<h3>COMMERCIAL AND FAMILY HOUSE,<br />
+KING&rsquo;S ARMS<br />
+HOTEL,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">JOHN ELTON,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>KING-STREET, MANCHESTER.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>MARY OGDEN,<br />
+COMMERCIAL INN,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall"><b>MARKET-STREET,</b></span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">CORNER OF
+BROWN-STREET,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">MANCHESTER.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_16"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 16</span>BEE
+COFFEE ROOMS,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">UNDER THE
+LATE PALACE INN,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>MARKET-STREET,
+MANCHESTER.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">THIS
+ESTABLISHMENT IS PECULIARLY ADAPTED FOR</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">STRANGERS
+AND TRAVELLERS,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">FROM ITS
+CENTRAL SITUATION.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, Tea,
+And Supper,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">SUPPLIED ON
+A MINUTE&rsquo;S NOTICE,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">AND AT VERY MODERATE PRICES.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>H. P. THATCHER,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>No. 19, King-street,
+Manchester,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">LADIES&rsquo; AND GENTLEMEN&rsquo;S</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>FASHIONABLE HAIR CUTTER</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">AND DRESSER,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DEP&Ocirc;T
+FOR FOREIGN AND BRITISH PERFUMERY,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Inventor of the much admired
+Sicilian Cream for the Hair.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">A good assortment of Hair, Tooth,
+Nail, and Clothes Brushes; Tortoise<br />
+shell, Ivory, and Horn Combs, in great variety.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h4><a name="page1_17"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 17</span>ST.
+GEORGE&rsquo;S<br />
+INDEPENDENT COACH<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">AND</span><br />
+GENERAL OMNIBUS OFFICE,</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center">(Opposite the End of
+Union-street,)</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>HIGH-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Coaches to most Parts of the
+Kingdom.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Conveyance Company&rsquo;s
+OMNIBUSES to the following</b><br />
+<b>Places.</b></p>
+<p style="text-align:
+center">Wolverhampton&mdash;Stourbridge&mdash;Dudley&mdash;Walsall&mdash;Hagley&mdash;Bewdley&mdash;Kidderminster&mdash;Brierley
+Hill&mdash;West
+Bromwich&mdash;Wednesbury&mdash;Bilston&mdash;Hales Owen.</p>
+<p style="text-align: right">HENRY GENDERS &amp; CO.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>SWAN HOTEL.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">THEODORE WAKEFIELD,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">ORIGINAL POSTING AND FAMILY</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>HOTEL,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">HIGH-STREET,
+BIRMINGHAM.</span></p>
+<p>T. W. begs to acquaint his Friends and the Public that his
+OMNIBUSES PLY at the London and Birmingham and Grand Junction
+Railway Stations constantly on the Arrival and Departure of the
+Trains.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_18"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 18</span>W.
+TATEHAM,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>32, TEMPLE-ROW,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">(Three Doors from Bull-street,)</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>BIRMINGHAM,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">BEGS TO CALL
+THE ATTENTION OF LADIES &amp; GENTLEMEN TO HIS</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>IMPROVED</i></b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">METHOD
+OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">PERUKE MAKING,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>And to state the superiority of
+his System to that of</b><br />
+<b>his Contemporaries.</b></p>
+<p>His <span class="smcap">Perukes</span> are so constructed as
+to fit the Head with the greatest Precision, and form exactly the
+natural angle on the Forehead, the Artificial Hair being
+completely carried off the Temples.&nbsp; He defies the most
+proficient connoisseur to distinguish them from a perfectly
+natural head of hair.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h4>WILLIAM HORTON AND CO.,</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURERS OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>NEEDLES, PINS, AND
+FISHHOOKS,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">REDDITCH,
+WORCESTERSHIRE,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">AND</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">GREAT
+HAMPTON-STREET, BIRMINGHAM,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">By special appointment to Her
+Majesty the Queen, and Her Royal<br />
+Highness the Duchess of Kent.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">SOLE
+INVENTORS OF THE CELEBRATED VICTORIA NEEDLE.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_19"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 19</span>H.
+AND J. GIBBS,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Platers on Steel and German
+Silver,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURERS OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>METAL AND JAPANNED
+BUTTONS,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Cloak Clasps, Split Rings, Stay
+Holes, Fancy Gilt and</b><br />
+<b>Steel Toys, &amp;c. &amp;c.</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">7, LITTLE CHARLES-STREET,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">BIRMINGHAM.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>I. SHERWOOD,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURER
+OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">BRASS, COPPER, BLOCK TIN, AND
+IRON</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>GAS PIPING, &amp;c.</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><i>TENANT-STREET MILL</i>,
+<i>BIRMINGHAM</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>N.B. Locomotive Engine Pipes of
+superior Quality.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h4>ELIZ. STURGES AND SON,</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURERS OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>PLATINA, BRITISH PLATE,
+AND</b><br />
+<b>BRITANNIA METAL WARES,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">IN
+THE</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Greatest Variety of Form,
+Quality, and Price.</b></p>
+<p>The Platina Tea and Coffee Sets were invented and are made
+only by <span class="smcap">Eliz. Sturges</span> and <span
+class="smcap">Son</span>, are warranted never to lose their
+original shape or colour, and are sold at about the same price as
+Britannia Metal Sets.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">26, LICHFIELD-STREET,
+BIRMINGHAM.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h4><a name="page1_20"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+20</span>ENGRAVING.</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>ADDRESS CARDS, BANKERS&rsquo;
+CHECKS,</b><br />
+<span class="GutSmall">AND BILL PLATES;</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Seal Stones, Gold and Silver Plate,
+Engraved equal to</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall"><i>LONDON
+HOUSES</i></span><span class="GutSmall">, </span><span
+class="GutSmall"><i>AT</i></span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>C. COBURN&rsquo;S,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">ENGRAVER AND STATIONER,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>9, Ann-street, (near the Town
+hall,)</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">BIRMINGHAM.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h4>BACCHUS &amp; GREEN,</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>PLAIN &amp; CUT GLASS
+MANUFACTURERS,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">UNION GLASS WORKS,</p>
+<p style="text-align:
+center"><b><i>BIRMINGHAM</i></b><b>.</b></p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>WAREHOUSE,</b><br />
+<b>8, Tokenhouse Yard, LONDON.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h4>WILLIAM CHAMBERS DAY,</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center">IRON FOUNDER,<br />
+SUFFOLK STREET, BIRMINGHAM,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURER
+OF</span></p>
+<p>Every Description of Weighing Machines, suitable for Railways,
+Road Wagons, Wharfs, Corn Dealers, Woolstaplers, Curriers,
+Grocers, &amp;c. Scales, Scale Beams, Steelyards, Die Stocks,
+Screw Plates, Sugar Mills and Straw-cutting Engines on an
+improved Principle, Mill Castings, &amp;c.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>English and Foreign Weights in
+Iron or Brass.</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURER
+OF THE PATENT DEEP COPPER SCALES.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h4><a name="page1_21"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 21</span>JOHN
+LAW,</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURER
+OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">PATENT TACK AND CUT NAILS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">OF EVERY
+DESCRIPTION,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>PAD BOX AND TRUNK LOCKS,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Wrought Iron Hinges, Pressed
+Riveted Hinges,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">HEAVY OR
+WEIGHTY BULWARK HINGES,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><i>HOOKS and HINGES</i>, <i>ROUNDS
+or WASHERS</i>,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>BRACKETS</b>,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">CORNICE SLIDES, STAIR ROD EYES,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">AND</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Ironmongery of every Description
+suitable for Foreign</b><br />
+<b>and Home Consumption,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">47, <span
+class="GutSmall">COLESHILL-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h4>J. F. PARKER,</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURER
+OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>SILVER PLATED WARES,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">72, HIGH
+STREET, BIRMINGHAM.</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Candlesticks, Cruet and Liquor
+Frames, Tea Urns and Sets, Epergnes,<br />
+Dishes, &amp;c. &amp;c.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_22"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+22</span><span class="GutSmall">BIRMINGHAM COMMERCIAL AND
+PRIVATE</span><br />
+BOARDING HOUSE,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">NO. 12,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Union Passage,
+New-street.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">MR. AND MRS. JONES,</p>
+<p>Respectfully inform their Friends and the Public, that Ladies
+and Gentlemen visiting or passing through Birmingham, will meet
+with every attention and comfort at this Establishment, at very
+reasonable charges. The house is central and retired, and
+contiguous to the Post Office and Principal Coach Offices.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h4>EDWARD STUBS,</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">WHOLESALE
+AND RETAIL</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">MANUFACTURING FURRIER,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DEALER
+IN</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>TUSCAN AND STRAW
+BONNETS,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">19 &amp; 22,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">NEW-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Furs Cleaned, Repaired, and
+Altered, with every</b><br />
+<b>attention.&mdash;Bonnets Cleaned and Altered.</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">OLD FURS TAKEN IN EXCHANGE.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h4>DAVID COPE &amp; SON,</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center">Nos. 7 &amp; 8, BARTHOLOMEW-STREET,
+BIRMINGHAM,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Manufacturers of</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Plated Spoons, Forks,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">SOUP AND PUNCH LADLES,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">ASPARAGUS
+TONGS, DECANTER CORKS AND LABELS,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Sugar Tongs, Toast Racks, Knife
+Rests, Gilt and Plated</b><br />
+<b>Egg Spoons, Sugar Crushers, &amp;c.</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">BRITISH PLATE, SPOONS, FORKS,
+&amp;c. &amp;c.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_23"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 23</span>T.
+FLETCHER,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>31,</b><br />
+<b><i>TEMPLE ROW</i></b><b>,</b><br />
+<span class="GutSmall">BIRMINGHAM,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">(<i>Nearly opposite DEE&rsquo;S
+Royal Hotel</i>,)</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Has constantly on Sale,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>PIANO FORTES, HARPS,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><i>GUITARS</i>, &amp;c, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">Piano Fortes, Harps, &amp;c. lent
+on Hire, Exchanged, Tuned,<br />
+and Repaired.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">IMPORTER OF FOREIGN STRINGS.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">ALL</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">New Music</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">AS SOON AS PUBLISHED.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h4>GEORGE MINES,</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center">STOCK AND SHARE BROKER,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>78,</b><br />
+<b>Newhall-street, Birmingham,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Begs to inform the Public he has
+commenced Business as</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Stock and Share Broker,</p>
+<p>And from 13 Years&rsquo; experience he has had in every branch
+of the Business, he doubts not of giving perfect satisfaction to
+all who may favour him with their Instructions.</p>
+<p><sup>*</sup><sub>*</sub><sup>*</sup> He has a first rate
+Agency in <i>London</i>, <i>Liverpool</i>, &amp;c., and has Daily
+Information of the state of all the Markets.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_24"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+24</span>TEMPERANCE ARMS</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">54<span class="GutSmall">, DALE
+END, BIRMINGHAM.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">JOB WILKINS,</p>
+<p>Through this medium, begs to acquaint the Public generally,
+especially Friends of Temperance Travelling, either on business
+or pleasure, they will find his Establishment comfortable and
+convenient, being between the Birmingham and London and Grand
+Junction Railway Stations and the principal Coach Offices, and
+within a few minutes&rsquo; walk of either.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">Tea, Coffee, Chops, and Steaks, at
+any hour of the day, but no<br />
+Intoxicating Liquors allowed on the Premises.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">WELL AIRED
+BEDS, PRIVATE ROOMS: CHARGES MODERATE.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><i>Cars for Hire</i>, <i>with
+Careful Drivers</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h4>JOSEPH SHORE AND SONS,</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">IMPORTERS
+AND DEALERS IN</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Foreign Wines and Spirits;</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>11, Easy Row,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">BIRMINGHAM.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page1_25"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 25</span>
+<a href="images/pads25.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Coat of Arms"
+title=
+"Coat of Arms"
+src="images/pads25.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<h3>JENNENS &amp; BETTRIDGE,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">Japanners and Manufacturers</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>PAPIER M&Acirc;CH&Eacute;E,
+&amp;c.</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>TO HER MAJESTY,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">(<i>And to their late
+Majesties</i>, <i>George and William the Fourth</i>,)</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">99, CONSTITUTION HILL,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>BIRMINGHAM,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">AND</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">3, HALKIN-STREET WEST,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">BELGRAVE
+SQUARE, LONDON.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall"><i>THIS
+ESTABLISHMENT IS OPEN TO THE INSPECTION OF</i></span><br />
+<span class="GutSmall"><i>VISITERS</i></span><span
+class="GutSmall">.</span></p>
+<p>N.B. Cards of Admission to the principal Manufacturing
+Establishments and Show Rooms in Birmingham, may be had of J. and
+B.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h4><a name="page1_26"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+26</span>SILVER TEA URN,</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center">9, DALE END,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>And New Market Place, Belmont
+Row, Birmingham.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">HENRY AND CHARLES GROVE,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>GENERAL GROCERS,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Tea Dealers, Coffee Roasters,
+Cheese &amp; Butter Factors,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>TOBACCONISTS, &amp;c.</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">HOP AND SEED WAREHOUSE.<br />
+Agents to the Durham Mustard Company.</p>
+<p>H. &amp; C. <span class="smcap">Grove</span> embrace this
+opportunity of tendering their most grateful thanks to their
+Friends and the Public, for the very distinguished patronage
+their Establishments have been honoured with; and at the same
+time beg to observe, that all Orders entrusted to them will be
+executed under their own superintendence, and every effort
+exercised to strengthen that confidence already shown by the very
+flattering encouragement they have experienced.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>N.B. Orders from the Country
+promptly attended to.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>SAMPSON ASTON,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">No</span>. 1,
+<span class="GutSmall">JENNENS&rsquo; ROW, ST.
+BARTHOLOMEW&rsquo;S SQUARE,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">BIRMINGHAM,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURER
+OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>BOX AND IVORY RULES,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Routledge&rsquo;s and
+Hawthorn&rsquo;s Improved Locomotive</b><br />
+<b>ENGINEERS&rsquo; RULES,</b><br />
+AND RULES OF EVERY OTHER DESCRIPTION.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_27"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 27</span>PUMP
+COMMERCIAL TAVERN,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">(<span class="GutSmall">OPPOSITE
+THE OLD CHURCH</span>,)</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">BULL RING, BIRMINGHAM.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">THOMAS EVANS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">(<b>Lately of Radenhurst&rsquo;s
+Nelson Coach Office,</b>)</p>
+<p>Having succeeded to the Business of his late Father-in-law,
+the Proprietor of the above Establishment, has made extensive
+arrangements of the House; particularly by considerably enlarging
+his Coffee Room, and making several new, and improving and
+refurnishing the former, Sitting Rooms, Bed Rooms, &amp;c.
+&amp;c. The result of these Improvements is, that T. E. is
+enabled to offer the accommodation of a Family Hotel on the most
+reasonable Terms. Visiters to Birmingham will find at this House
+all the convenience of their own residence, upon a scale of
+charges which must ensure their approval. Commercial Gentlemen
+also will find increased attention to their comforts.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>W. REED,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">(From Hobson and Co.&rsquo;s, Long
+Acre, London,)</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">COACH BUILDER,<br />
+BATH-STREET,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Birmingham</b>.</p>
+<p>Every description of Light Carriages, made on the most
+approved Principle, and in the most fashionable Style, constantly
+on Sale.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>LONDON COFFEE HOUSE,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>10, PHILIP-STREET,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">(Opposite the Market Hall,)</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Birmingham.</b></p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Dinner</span> commencing at One
+o&rsquo;Clock, with a liberal Bill of Fare daily.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Private Rooms and Dinners on the
+shortest Notice.</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">London and Provincial Daily and
+Weekly Papers.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">WELL AIRED BEDS.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_28"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+28</span><span class="GutSmall">DUDDESTON HALL</span><br />
+LUNATIC ASYLUM,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">NEAR
+BIRMINGHAM.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">MR. LEWIS</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Respectfully</span> informs the Public
+that he receives Patients, of either sex, labouring under mental
+or nervous diseases, into his Establishment, on terms which
+cannot fail to meet the approbation of persons desirous of
+placing their friends, who may be so circumstanced, in so
+comfortable and pleasing a retreat.</p>
+<p>The well known beauty and variety of the Gardens and Pleasure
+Grounds, and the entire adaptation of the House and Premises to
+the purposes of an Asylum, render an elaborate description
+unnecessary; suffice it to say, there is everything that can be
+desired of this nature.</p>
+<p>The Proprietor resides in and conducts the Establishment with
+properly qualified Assistants; the female department is under the
+superintendence of Mrs. and Miss <span
+class="smcap">Lewis</span>, who devote all their time to the
+health and comfort of the patients, and whose qualifications in
+this respect are well known in Birmingham and its
+neighbourhood.</p>
+<p>Dr. <span class="smcap">Evans</span> is the consulting
+Physician.&nbsp; Mr. <span class="smcap">Freer</span> and Mr.
+<span class="smcap">Heeley</span>, Surgeons, one of whom visits
+the Patients daily.</p>
+<p>The situation is extremely desirable, the Vauxhall Station of
+the Grand Junction Railway being at the Lodge Gates, and the
+Railway itself bounding the Premises.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_29"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+29</span><span class="GutSmall">THE</span><br />
+LONDON SILK WAREHOUSE,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">61, <span
+class="GutSmall">AND</span> 62, BULL STREET,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">BIRMINGHAM,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">PROPRIETOR, WILLIAM EDWARDS.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p><b>TO LADIES VISITING BIRMINGHAM</b>:&mdash;</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">At</span> this House, (conducted upon the
+most equitable principles, and established for a long time with
+yearly increasing patronage,) the old system of trading is
+adopted; the price of each article being marked in plain figures,
+from which no deviation is ever allowed.</p>
+<p>Its claim upon the patronage of the Public, is the undeviating
+cheapness at which all articles, whether of British, Continental,
+or Eastern manufacture are offered to Purchasers.</p>
+<p>The Inhabitants of the neighbouring counties, who make their
+purchases in Birmingham, will at all times find a large and
+carefully chosen Stock of the most substantial,
+well-manufactured</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>SILKS, SHAWLS, FURS,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">BLANKETS, FLANNELS,
+COUNTERPANES,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">RIBBONS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">GENUINE IRISH LINENS AND LAWNS.</p>
+<p>Where purchases are made by Gentlemen, or other Persons, for
+Friends in the country, which fail to give satisfaction, the
+money is invariably returned, excepting where an article is
+lessened in value, by being separated from the piece.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_30"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+30</span>HENRY GROVE,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">(IMPORTER OF
+WINES AND SPIRITS,)</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">VICTORIA COMMERCIAL INN,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">NEW MARKET PLACE,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>BELMONT ROW,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Birmingham.</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">(Within Two Minutes&rsquo; Walk of
+both Railway Stations.)</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>The airy situation of the above Inn, and its proximity to the
+Grand Junction and London and Birmingham Railway Companies&rsquo;
+Offices, render it most eligible for Commercial Gentlemen and
+others, and will be found to possess the two important requisites
+of Comfort and Economy combined.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">Well Aired Beds.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>EXCELLENT
+STABLING</i></b><b>,</b></p>
+<p>N.B. OMNIBUSES to and from the principal Coach Offices, where
+places may be secured by fast and well regulated Coaches to any
+part of the Kingdom.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_31"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+31</span>CHARLES BROOKES,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">WOOLLEN DRAPER AND TAILOR,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">81, NEW-STREET,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">(Nearly opposite the Society of
+Arts,)</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Birmingham.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">H. MICHAEL &amp; CO.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURING</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>FURRIERS AND SKIN
+MERCHANTS,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">115, NEW-STREET,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Corner of King-street,
+Birmingham.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>N.B. Furs of all descriptions Cleaned, Repaired, and Altered
+to the present Fashion.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>WAGNER &amp; COTTRELL,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURERS OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">PORTABLE WRITING DESKS,</p>
+<p>Ladies&rsquo; Toilet and Gentlemen&rsquo;s Dressing Cases,
+Mahogany, Rosewood, or Russia Leather Travelling Cases, Medicine
+Chests, Copying Machines, and every article in the Cabinet Case
+Business.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">21, <i>PARADISE-STREET</i>,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Birmingham.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page1_32"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 32</span>
+<a href="images/pads32.jpg">
+<img alt=
+"Coat of Arms"
+title=
+"Coat of Arms"
+src="images/pads32.jpg" />
+</a></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">By Special Appointment.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>T. J. MORRIS,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">REPOSITORY OF ARTS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">COLMORE ROW, BIRMINGHAM,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURER
+OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Superfine Water Colours in
+Cakes,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">AND</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">FINE HAIR PENCILS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>In Ordinary to Her Most Gracious
+Majesty the Queen,</b><br />
+<b>Her Majesty the Queen Dowager,</b><br />
+<b>and the</b><br />
+<b>Duke of Sussex.</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>LONDON, and 28, Colmore Row,
+BIRMINGHAM.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Circulating Port Folios, consisting of the choicest Drawings,
+Flowers by Holland and Edwards, Pole and Hand Screens, Card
+Racks, Gold Papers and Borders, Screen Handles, White Wood-work
+for Painting, Ivory and British Boards, and Fancy Stationery.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Papier Machee of every
+description.</b></p>
+<p>Materials for Chinese Japan Painting, Hollands and
+Harding&rsquo;s Colours, Brookman and Langdon&rsquo;s, and
+Banks&rsquo; Lead Pencils, Drawing Materials, Varnishing in a
+Superior Style, Ivories for Miniatures, Prepared Canvass and
+Bladder Colours.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">MORDAN&rsquo;S EVER-POINTED PENCILS AND PEN
+HOLDERS.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_33"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 33</span>R.
+SIMS,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">(TEN YEARS
+ASSISTANT TO MR. ENGLISH, COLMORE ROW,)</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">SURGEON DENTIST,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>NO. 13,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><i>UNION PASSAGE</i>,
+<i>NEW-STREET</i>,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>BIRMINGHAM,</b></p>
+<p>Returns his sincere acknowledgments to the Inhabitants of
+Birmingham and its vicinity, for the liberal support that has
+been conferred upon him since his commencing Practice, and trusts
+that his having had Ten Years&rsquo; experience with Mr. English,
+during which he had nearly the whole of the Mechanical Department
+entrusted to his care, will still entitle him to that support and
+patronage which has hitherto been awarded to him.</p>
+<p>In consequence of some unskilful pretenders having put
+themselves forward to public notice as adepts in the above art,
+he thinks it necessary to state that he never ties in teeth,
+which is the most that these pretenders can ever accomplish; his
+superior Gold Plates never in any instance require the painful
+and most injurious operation of tying in; and he assures them
+they will wear more years than the spurious bone teeth, which
+they put forth to the public, will last months, at a less charge,
+and with greater comfort to the wearer.</p>
+<table>
+<tr>
+<td colspan="8"><p style="text-align: center"><b>FEES.</b></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&pound;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>s.</i></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>d.</i></p>
+</td>
+<td><p>&nbsp;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">&pound;</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>s.</i></p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right"><i>d.</i></p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>A Single Tooth</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>usually charged</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">1</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td><p>A Complete Set</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">10</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p>usually charged</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">20</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p>
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<p>Teeth stopped with Cement or Gold according to the cavity.
+Extracting, Scaling, and every other operation upon the Teeth;
+and particular attention paid to the regulation of
+Children&rsquo;s Teeth upon equally moderate charges.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_34"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 34</span>TO
+NOBLEMEN, GENTLEMEN, SPORTSMEN, AND<br />
+GUN-MAKERS.</h3>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">S. WALKER,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Military Percussion Cap Maker to
+Her Majesty&rsquo;s</b><br />
+<b>Honourable Board of Ordnance,</b></p>
+<p>Begs most respectfully to inform her numerous Friends, and the
+Public generally, that she has dissolved Partnership with her
+Son, and that she will continue to carry on the Percussion Cap
+Business in all its Branches.</p>
+<p>S. WALKER&rsquo;S Caps have been known and approved of by the
+Sporting World for more than sixteen Years, and she can with
+confidence assure them every exertion shall be made, this
+seventeenth Season, to render them still superior to any yet
+manufactured.</p>
+<p>Sold in Boxes of 250 and 500 each, by most of the respectable
+Gun-makers and Gunpowder Dealers throughout the Kingdom.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">CHEMICALLY
+PREPARED GUN WADDING,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Manufactured upon an Improved
+Principle,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">BY S. WALKER.</p>
+<p>This Wadding will be found superior to any now in use, as it
+not only cleans the barrel, every time it is used, but, through
+the Chemical Properties of the oily Composition with which it is
+impregnated, the lead is removed as quickly as deposited.</p>
+<p>Sold in Bags, containing 500 each, price 5s., by all
+respectable Gun Makers in the United Kingdom; where also may be
+had S. Walker&rsquo;s Improved Anti-Corrosive Percussion
+Caps.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">MANUFACTORY,</span><br />
+<b>No. 12, Legge-street, Birmingham.</b></p>
+<p>Agents for Edinburgh&mdash;J. &amp; R. Raines, Leith-Walk.</p>
+<p>Agents for Dublin&mdash;J. H. and J. Perry, 27, Pill-lane; and
+Messrs. Saunders and Gatchells, Gunpowder Office, 6 and 7,
+Mountrath-street, Dublin.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>ABRAHAM ALLPORT,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>WOOLLEN DRAPER, TAILOR,
+&amp;c.</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">2, COLMORE ROW, BIRMINGHAM.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Clothes of every description made in the first style of
+Fashion on the most reasonable Terms, and at the shortest
+Notice.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_35"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+35</span>WILLIAM JACKSON &amp; CO.,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">GLASS, LEAD, ZINC, AND OIL
+MERCHANTS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURERS OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>COLOURS</i></b><b>,
+</b><b><i>VARNISHES</i></b><b>, </b><b><i>&amp;c.</i></b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Sheet Lead, Pig Lead, Lead Pipe,
+Block Tin, White Lead,</b><br />
+<b>Dry Colours, Oil Paints, Linseed Oil, Boiled Oil,</b><br />
+<b>Tin Pipe, Turpentine, Putty, Sheet Zinc,</b><br />
+<b>Glaziers&rsquo; Vices,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">MANUFACTURED ZINC GOODS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Beer Machines, Water Closets, Lift
+Pumps, Brass Cocks, and every<br />
+Description of Plumbers&rsquo; Brass Work.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">WAREHOUSE,
+NO. 1, LITTLE CHARLES-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">VARNISH,
+COLOUR, AND ZINC WORKS, AT ASHTED.</span></p>
+<p>N.B. Sole Agents for the Whiston Copper Company. (Messrs.
+Sneyd, Kinnersley &amp; Co.)</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>HATS.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">75, HIGH-STREET.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>GOOD</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">FASHIONABLE GOSSAMERS<br />
+At 4s. 9d. to 10s.;<br />
+<b>SUPERFINE SHORT-NAP STUFFS,</b><br />
+Best that can be made, 21s.;</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">TO BE HAD
+AT</span><br />
+WALKER&rsquo;S<br />
+CHEAP HAT DEP&Ocirc;T.</p>
+<p>Also a large assortment of Fashionable CAPS and GRASS HATS for
+Summer wear.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_36"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+36</span>JAMES GRUNDY,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURER
+OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>GAS &amp; OIL LAMPS,
+CHANDELIERS, &amp;c.</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">IN BRONZE &amp; OR-MOLU.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>GAS FITTINGS OF EVERY
+DESCRIPTION.</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">No. 11, BARTHOLOMEW-STREET,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall"><i>BIRMINGHAM</i></span><span
+class="GutSmall">.</span></p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>JOHN GODFREY,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>WORKING OPTICIAN, SILVERSMITH.
+&amp;c.</b><br />
+<span class="GutSmall">NO. 93, COLESHILL-STREET,</span></p>
+<p>Begs most respectfully to announce to the Nobility, Gentry,
+and Inhabitants of Birmingham and its Vicinity, that he has, in
+addition to his Wholesale Establishment, opened a Retail Shop as
+above, for the purpose of supplying those who may in any way
+suffer from a defect of sight, with spectacles suited to their
+various wants. Having been practically engaged in the above
+business for more than forty years, he trusts that his great
+experience will enable him to render all the assistance required,
+so far as glasses, judiciously applied, are capable of affording
+it.</p>
+<p>Spectacles with shades of every description, particularly
+recommended to persons travelling, or those who are affected with
+a weakness in the eye, as they completely defend that tender
+organ from the bright glare of the sun, and are extremely useful
+either in windy or snowy weather.</p>
+<p>Spectacles in tortoiseshell, silver, or blued steel mountings,
+set with either best Brazilian pebbles, or glasses accurately
+ground.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Optical Instruments of every
+Description.</b></p>
+<p>Spectacles of every description expeditiously and neatly
+repaired. Pebbles or Glasses set in a few minutes.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Every Article supplied on
+Moderate Terms.</b></p>
+<p>J. G. hopes that the quality of the various articles supplied
+by him, will, upon a fair trial, ensure him the patronage and
+support of those who may honour him with their commands.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_37"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+37</span>CAPTAIN HOSKINS,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">IMPORTER
+OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">FOREIGN WINES AND SPIRITS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">LOWER TEMPLE-STREET,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">(Corner of New-street,)</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">BIRMINGHAM.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">IMPORTER OF LIQUEURS.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>TEETH.</h3>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">MR. E. JONES,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">DENTIST,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">NO. 9, EASY ROW, BIRMINGHAM,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Six Years Assistant with Mr. <span
+class="smcap">Andrew Clark</span>, of Brook-street,<br />
+Bond-street, London,</p>
+<p>Begs to say he will continue to supply ARTIFICIAL TEETH upon
+the same principle as Mr. A. Clark, and the only one that will
+ensure ease, articulation, and mastication.</p>
+<p>E. G., having undertaken several cases that had been refused
+by other Dentists as impracticable, can give the most
+satisfactory References as to the beneficial results of his
+Practice.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">EVERY OPERATION IN</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>DENTAL SURGERY,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">Performed on the most moderate
+Terms.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_38"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+38</span>PERMANENT ELASTIC SPRING HYGEIAN BEDS,<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">CARRIAGE, GIG, SOFA, AND CHAIR
+SEATS,</span></h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Patronised by Her Royal Highness
+the Duchess of Kent.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">RICHARD FARMER,<br />
+<b>Manufacturer,</b></p>
+<p>With the greatest deference submits to the attention of his
+Friends and the Public the subjoined Documents, as flattering
+Testimonies of the high estimation in which the above very
+superior and much approved Articles are held:&mdash;</p>
+<p><i>From</i> <span class="smcap">Sir John Conroy</span>,
+<i>Secretary to</i> <span class="smcap">Her Royal
+Highness</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">The Duchess of
+Kent</span>.</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;Sir John Conroy is honoured with the <span
+class="smcap">Duchess of Kent&rsquo;s</span> command to acquaint
+Mr. Farmer, that he has permission to use Her Royal
+Highness&rsquo;s Name and Arms, as Manufacturer of Permanent
+Elastic Spring Hygeian Beds to Her Royal Highness.</p>
+<p>&ldquo;Malvern, Sept. 13, 1830.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>&ldquo;Sir John Conroy is to acknowledge the receipt of the
+Bed and Mattress of Mr. R. Farmer&rsquo;s invention, which he has
+made for the <span class="smcap">Princess Victoria</span>; and
+Sir John is commanded by the <span class="smcap">Duchess of
+Kent</span> to express Her Royal Highness&rsquo;s highest
+approval of the principle of his Mattresses, Cushions,
+&amp;c.</p>
+<p>&ldquo;Kensington Palace, Dec. 17, 1830.</p>
+<p>&ldquo;<i>Mr. Richard Farmer</i>, <i>&amp;c.
+&amp;c.</i>&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p><i>From</i> <span class="smcap">Congreve Selwyn</span>, Esq.
+<i>Surgeon of the Ledbury Dispensary</i>.</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;Mr. <span class="smcap">Congreve
+Selwyn</span>, Surgeon of the Ledbury Dispensary, begs to offer
+his Testimony of the value of Mr. Farmer&rsquo;s invention of his
+Elastic Mattresses and Cushions. The one he has sent to Mr.
+Selwyn answers all the purposes for an Invalid, and is
+particularly serviceable where the patient suffers from hectic
+fever and night perspirations.</p>
+<p>&ldquo;Ledbury, May 2, 1834.</p>
+<p>&ldquo;<i>Mr. Richard Farmer</i>, <i>&amp;c.
+&amp;c.</i>&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+<p style="text-align: center"><i>From</i> <span class="smcap">Sir
+William</span> B. <span class="smcap">Cave</span>, Bart.</p>
+<blockquote><p style="text-align: right">&ldquo;Stretton,
+Atherstone, July 22, 1835.</p>
+<p>&ldquo;Sir <span class="smcap">Wm</span>. B. <span
+class="smcap">Cave</span> has much satisfaction in informing Mr.
+Richard Farmer, that the Elastic Steel Spring Bed which he
+purchased from Mr. F. has fully answered every expectation he had
+formed of it. Sir. W. C. lay upon it for five months without ever
+being able to be moved in the least from it, and for the last six
+months has not been removed from it for more than two hours at a
+time, and it is now as perfect in the elasticity and strength of
+the springs as when he received it from Mr. Farmer. Sir W.
+Cave&rsquo;s weight is sixteen stone and upwards. Dr. Palmer, of
+Birmingham, who has been in the habit of attending Sir W. Cave
+for many years, gave it as his opinion, that had he been lying on
+a bed of any other description, the consequences would have been
+very serious.</p>
+<p>&ldquo;<i>Mr. Richard Farmer</i>, <i>&amp;c.
+&amp;c.</i>&rdquo;</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>Carpets, Paper Hangings, Oil-Cloths, Druggets, Crumb Cloths,
+Double-stoved Feathers, &amp;c. &amp;c.&mdash;Upholstery and
+General Cabinet Business.</p>
+<p>&#8594; 11, <span class="smcap">New-Street</span>, (opposite
+the Hen &amp; Chickens Hotel,) and 30, <span class="smcap">Bath
+Row</span>, <span class="smcap">Birmingham</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_39"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+39</span>GEORGE RICHMOND COLLIS,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><i>Late Sir </i><span
+class="smcap"><i>Edward Thomason&rsquo;s</i></span><i>
+Manufactory</i>,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>CHURCH-STREET,
+BIRMINGHAM.</b></p>
+<p>Manufacturer of Articles in the highest classes of the Arts,
+in Gold, Silver, Plated, Bronze, and Or-Molu. In this
+Establishment is manufactured Gold and Silver Plate, including
+Racing Cups, Dinner and Tea Services, of various Patterns: <span
+class="smcap">Communion Plate</span> and <span
+class="smcap">Presentation Plate</span>, made to descriptions
+given, or if required, a variety of elegant Designs furnished for
+approval: Silver-mounted Plated Wares of every denomination;
+Plated Cutlery upon Steel: Cut Glass, Or-Molu, Candelabra and
+Lamps: Manufacturer of Medals in great variety adapted for
+Societies and Institutions. Amongst the numerous series of Dies
+are the celebrated Dassier Dies of the Kings of England: The
+Mudie Dies for the series of grand National Medals, commemorative
+of the Victories of the late War: Forty-eight Dies for Medals of
+the <span class="smcap">Elgin</span> Marbles. Also <span
+class="smcap">Sir Edward Thomason&rsquo;s</span> Splendid Series
+of One Hundred and Twenty large Medal Dies Illustrative of the
+<span class="smcap">Holy Scriptures</span>, and a series of
+sixteen Medals upon Science and Philosophy, for Societies: Livery
+Button Dies cut, and the Buttons made. Numerous Patent Mechanical
+Inventions in the Metals, and Papier Machee: Brass and Bronze
+Staircases: manufacturer of fine Gold Jewellery of the most
+splendid descriptions: Dealer in Diamonds, Pearls, and fine Gems:
+Diamond Suits made to order, and altered to the present Style, or
+if required, purchased, and payment, full value, in cash: English
+and Foreign Money exchanged; Old Gold and Silver Articles
+reworked as new, or purchased. Manufacturer of Sportsmen&rsquo;s
+fine Fowling Pieces upon an improved principle. Duelling Pistols,
+Rifles, Air Guns and Canes, and Guns of every variety for
+Exportation.</p>
+<p>These extensive Show Rooms and <span
+class="smcap">Manufactory</span>, are situate in <span
+class="smcap">Church-Street</span>, in the centre of the Town,
+adjoining St. Philip&rsquo;s Church Yard. The Ware Rooms contain
+the Finished Articles for sale, and are open to all persons of
+respectability.</p>
+<p>The <span class="smcap">Fac-simile</span> of the celebrated
+<span class="smcap">Warwick Vase</span>, of upwards of 21 feet in
+circumference, was made in metallic Bronze at this Manufactory.
+The Copper Bronze <span class="smcap">Statue of His Late
+Majesty</span>, <span class="smcap">George the Fourth</span>,
+upwards of 6 feet in height, was modelled, cast, and sculptured
+at this Establishment: as also a <span
+class="smcap">Shield</span> in honour of the <span
+class="smcap">Duke of Wellington&rsquo;s Victories</span>. These
+and numerous other Works are stationed in separate Rooms to
+exhibit the progress of British Art.</p>
+<p>Servants are appointed to conduct Visiters over the different
+Workshops, to whom and to the Work-people the Visiter is
+requested to abstain from giving any gratuity.</p>
+<p>N.B. Mr. George Richmond Collis is Vice Consul for France,
+Russia, Spain, Portugal, and Turkey, with the privilege of
+granting Passports to Persons visiting France and its
+Dominions.</p>
+<p>Strangers of Respectability are permitted to view the Show
+Rooms and Manufactory.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_40"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+40</span>THOMAS &amp; JAMES UPFILL,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">IRON AND STEEL MERCHANTS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">157, GREAT CHARLES-STREET,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>BIRMINGHAM.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURERS OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">WROUGHT AND CAST IRON</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">GATES, PARK FENCING,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>HURDLES</i></b>,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">INVISIBLE WIRE FENCE, HAIR
+FENCE,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>RACKS, MANGERS, CHAINS,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">NAILS, BOOK CASES, TIN, IRON<br />
+ARMS, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>THORNTON AND SON,<br />
+WHOLESALE IRONMONGERS,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURERS OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">WROUGHT IRON AND PRESSED RIVETED<br
+/>
+HINGES,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>CUT NAILS,</b></p>
+<p>Wood, Bed, and Machinery Screws, of every description; Iron
+Rim and Mortice Locks, Sash Pulleys, Iron Bolts, Cast Butt
+Hinges, Norfolk and Thumb Latches, &amp;c. &amp;c.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><i>BRADFORD-STREET</i>,
+<i>BIRMINGHAM</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p>&#8594; Redman&rsquo;s Patent Rising Joint and Swing Hinges,
+Trough and Centre Hinges of every kind.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_41"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 41</span>F.
+KNIBB&rsquo;S</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">COMMERCIAL</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>BOARDING ESTABLISHMENT,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">15, BOLD-STREET,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">(<b>Two Doors above the Palatine
+Club House,</b>)</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">LIVERPOOL.</p>
+<p>The situation is central, and without exception the
+pleasantest of any establishment of the kind in Liverpool. The
+rooms are large and airy, and no attention will be spared to
+render this establishment deserving the patronage of Commercial
+Gentlemen and Families.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3>W. FLETCHER,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">MANUFACTURER
+OF</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b><i>LAMPS</i></b><b>,
+</b><b><i>CANDLESTICKS</i></b><b>,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>LUSTRES, INKSTANDS,
+VASES,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>And all kinds of Ornaments in
+Bronze and Or-molu,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">31,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">LOVEDAY-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.</span></p>
+<p>Manufacturer of Japanned Wood and Papier Mach&eacute; Cruet,
+Liquor, and Pickle Frames; Papier Mach&eacute; and Metallic
+Miniature Frames, &amp;c.</p>
+<p><span class="smcap">Agent in London</span>&mdash;C. JEPSON,
+29, Thavies Inn, Lower Holborn.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_42"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 42</span>NOW
+READY, PART I.</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center">(<i>To be completed in two
+Parts</i>, <i>demy</i> 12<i>mo.</i>, <i>price</i>
+17<i>s.</i>)</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="GutSmall">THE</span><br />
+LAW AND PRACTICE<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">RELATING TO</span><br />
+<b>LANDLORDS AND TENANTS:</b><br />
+<span class="GutSmall"><b>COMPRISING</b></span></p>
+<p>The most approved modern Precedents, alphabetically arranged
+under distinct and separate heads, with Notes, Illustrations, and
+Cases; to which is prefixed a concise Treatise on the nature of
+Estates in general, in accordance with the recent statutes
+relating to real property. The whole adapted for the use of
+attorneys and solicitors; also landlords, tenants, farmers,
+stewards, agents, and others concerned in the management, sale,
+or letting of estates. BY R. SHIPMAN, Esq., Editor of
+&ldquo;Jones&rsquo;s Attorney&rsquo;s Pocket Book,&rdquo; and
+Author of the &ldquo;Attorney&rsquo;s New Pocket Book,
+Notary&rsquo;s Manual, and Conveyancer&rsquo;s
+Assistant.&rdquo;</p>
+<p>London: S. <span class="smcap">Sweet</span>, 3, Chancery Lane;
+and J. <span class="smcap">Drake</span>, 52, New-street,
+Birmingham.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">Also Ready, royal 12mo, price
+7s.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">A STEPPING STONE<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">TO THE</span><br />
+LAW OF REAL PROPERTY:<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">BEING AN</span><br />
+<b>Elementary Treatise on the Statute of Uses.</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">By HENRY SMYTHIES.</p>
+<p>London: S. <span class="smcap">Sweet</span>, 3, Chancery Lane;
+and J. <span class="smcap">Drake</span>, 52, New-street,
+Birmingham.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">SHORTLY WILL BE PUBLISHED, BY J.
+DRAKE,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><i>And sold by the Agents for this
+Work</i>, <i>and all Booksellers</i>,<br />
+Dedicated by Permission to the Chairman and Directors of the
+London and<br />
+Birmingham Railway,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>DRAKE&rsquo;S ROAD BOOK,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">OF THE</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>LONDON AND BIRMINGHAM
+RAILWAY,</b></p>
+<p>With <i>Views on the Line</i>, from Drawings by <span
+class="smcap">Henry Harris</span>; and a new and beautifully
+engraved coloured <span class="smcap">Map</span> of the entire
+Route, extending many miles on each side of the line.</p>
+<p><sup>*</sup><sub>*</sub><sup>*</sup> To be completed in about
+five Parts, at 1<i>s.</i> per Part; a few copies on India Paper
+at 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> per Part.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page1_43"></a><span
+class="pagenum">p. 43</span>JUST PUBLISHED,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>DRAKE&rsquo;S</b><br />
+<b>RAILROAD MAPS</b><br />
+OF THE ENTIRE LINE OF ROUTE<br />
+<span class="GutSmall">FROM</span><br />
+<b>LONDON TO LIVERPOOL AND</b><br />
+<b>MANCHESTER,</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center">BEAUTIFULLY ENGRAVED AND
+COLOURED,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">AND
+EXTENDING MANY MILES ON EACH SIDE OF THE LINE:</span></p>
+<p>Ornamented with views of the Euston Grove Station, in London,
+and a complete Train of Carriages. With the Rules, Regulations,
+Fares, Times of Outset and Arrival of the Trains at the various
+Stations; together with all requisite Information for
+Travellers.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><i>Price</i>, <i>on Canvass</i>,
+<i>in a Case for the Pocket</i>, 2<i>s.</i></p>
+<p><sup>*</sup><sub>*</sub><sup>*</sup> The Maps of the London
+and Birmingham and Grand Junction Railways sold separately, done
+up in a similar manner, at 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each. On a
+sheet, Coloured, 9<i>d.</i>&mdash;Plain, 6<i>d.</i> each.</p>
+<blockquote><p>&ldquo;<span class="smcap">Mr. Drake</span>, of
+New-street, has just published in a neat pocket case, two
+well-engraved and coloured Maps of the London and Birmingham and
+Grand Junction Railways.&nbsp; Each Map describes not only the
+course of the line and a section of its gradients, but the
+geographical position of various places for many miles on either
+side.&nbsp; There are also annexed complete tables of fares and
+distances, the rules to be observed by travellers, the modes of
+conveyance to and from the hotels and inns to the stations on the
+line, with the regulations for luggage, merchandise,
+&amp;c.&nbsp; These maps and accompanying tables comprise much
+information in a small compass, which the railway traveller will
+have frequent opportunities, on his journey, of making a
+practical use of, and turning to good
+account.&rdquo;&mdash;<i>Midland Counties&rsquo; Herald</i>.</p>
+<p>&ldquo;<span class="smcap">Mr. Drake</span> has just published
+Maps of the Grand Junction and of the London and Birmingham
+Railways, together with tables of distances, fares, and
+regulations. The Maps are done up in a case for the pocket, and
+will be found very portable as well as
+instructive.&rdquo;&mdash;<i>Birmingham Journal</i>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<h3><a name="page1_44"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
+44</span>PRINTING OFFICE,</h3>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">LAW
+STATIONERY, ACCOUNT BOOK,</span><br />
+AND PAPER WAREHOUSE,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">52,<br />
+NEW-STREET, (OPPOSITE THE THEATRE,)<br />
+<b>BIRMINGHAM.</b></p>
+
+<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center">JAMES DRAKE,<br />
+<i>LAW BOOKSELLER</i>, <i>STATIONER</i>, <i>AND BINDER</i>,</p>
+<p>Takes this opportunity of presenting his grateful
+acknowledgments to the Profession for their liberal support of
+his Establishment, and at the same time he begs to assure them,
+that every article sold by him will be found of superior quality
+and at reasonable prices, and will, he hopes, induce a
+continuance of their esteemed favours.</p>
+<p>J. D. takes this opportunity of calling the attention of the
+Profession to his <span class="smcap">Law Stationery
+Business</span>, established more than twenty years, and which is
+conducted by himself and competent assistants.</p>
+<h4>DEEDS AND WRITINGS</h4>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Neatly and carefully Engrossed
+and Copied.</b></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">DRAFTS
+DRAWN, AND TITLES CAREFULLY ABSTRACTED,</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">(FOR THE
+PROFESSION ONLY).</span></p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><b>Books Plainly and Elegantly
+Bound by Experienced Workmen.</b><br />
+LAW BOOKS,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">All the New Works kept in stock, or
+ordered on the shortest Notice,<br />
+on the same terms of <span class="GutSmall">DISCOUNT</span> as in
+London.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">LAW REPORTS SUPPLIED.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">BANKRUPTCY &amp; OTHER FORMS,<br />
+WRITS, NOTICES,</p>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">Forms</span>
+under the new Act for the abolishing Imprisonment for<br />
+Debt; also for Justices of the Peace, Highway Act Forms,<br />
+Election Forms, &amp;c., kept in Stock.</p>
+<p style="text-align: center">*<sub>*</sub>* <i>Orders from the
+Country executed with promptness</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="gapline">&nbsp;</div>
+<p style="text-align: center"><span
+class="smcap">Birmingham</span>: Printed by James Drake, 52,
+New-street.</p>
+<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DRAKE'S ROAD BOOK OF THE GRAND
+JUNCTION RAILWAY***</p>
+<pre>
+
+
+***** This file should be named 43367-h.htm or 43367-h.zip******
+
+
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/3/3/6/43367
+
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at
+  www.gutenberg.org/license.
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at 809
+North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887.  Email
+contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the
+Foundation's web site and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit:  www.gutenberg.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For forty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+</pre></body>
+</html>
diff --git a/43367-h/images/fp.jpg b/43367-h/images/fp.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b5280f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/fp.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/mapb.jpg b/43367-h/images/mapb.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f44eb39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/mapb.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/maps.jpg b/43367-h/images/maps.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb72532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/maps.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p100b.jpg b/43367-h/images/p100b.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38853d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p100b.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p100s.jpg b/43367-h/images/p100s.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..496d214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p100s.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p101b.jpg b/43367-h/images/p101b.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e362c17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p101b.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p101s.jpg b/43367-h/images/p101s.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6be0ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p101s.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p102b.jpg b/43367-h/images/p102b.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c259ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p102b.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p102s.jpg b/43367-h/images/p102s.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a87725
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p102s.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p103b.jpg b/43367-h/images/p103b.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1eb6938
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p103b.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p103s.jpg b/43367-h/images/p103s.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..392a2b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p103s.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p104b.jpg b/43367-h/images/p104b.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c2d2df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p104b.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p104s.jpg b/43367-h/images/p104s.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1fb934
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p104s.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p105b.jpg b/43367-h/images/p105b.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f77f89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p105b.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p105s.jpg b/43367-h/images/p105s.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..437e954
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p105s.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p15.jpg b/43367-h/images/p15.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de25733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p15.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p17.jpg b/43367-h/images/p17.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29e4798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p17.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p22.jpg b/43367-h/images/p22.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba79053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p22.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p26.jpg b/43367-h/images/p26.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cea6fa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p26.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p30.jpg b/43367-h/images/p30.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbbf173
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p30.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p31.jpg b/43367-h/images/p31.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..729366b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p31.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p33.jpg b/43367-h/images/p33.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10d61f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p33.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p40.jpg b/43367-h/images/p40.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..098d7f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p40.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p50.jpg b/43367-h/images/p50.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5a72c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p50.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p55.jpg b/43367-h/images/p55.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ace75e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p55.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p59.jpg b/43367-h/images/p59.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf92cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p59.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p64.jpg b/43367-h/images/p64.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..488b842
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p64.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p65.jpg b/43367-h/images/p65.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba606b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p65.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p68.jpg b/43367-h/images/p68.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7eed61c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p68.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p7.jpg b/43367-h/images/p7.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8d4ec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p7.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p84.jpg b/43367-h/images/p84.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66e4b65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p84.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p86.jpg b/43367-h/images/p86.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5c8559
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p86.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p87.jpg b/43367-h/images/p87.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61298ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p87.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p99b.jpg b/43367-h/images/p99b.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8a0c08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p99b.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/p99s.jpg b/43367-h/images/p99s.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ef6ce1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/p99s.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/pads13.jpg b/43367-h/images/pads13.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19656ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/pads13.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/pads15.jpg b/43367-h/images/pads15.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee775f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/pads15.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/pads25.jpg b/43367-h/images/pads25.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9346b1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/pads25.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/pads3.jpg b/43367-h/images/pads3.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1132383
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/pads3.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/pads32.jpg b/43367-h/images/pads32.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d32104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/pads32.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/pads5.jpg b/43367-h/images/pads5.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae6c5b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/pads5.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/pads7.jpg b/43367-h/images/pads7.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14f985d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/pads7.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/pads9.jpg b/43367-h/images/pads9.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cb86bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/pads9.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/pftd1b.jpg b/43367-h/images/pftd1b.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0df2658
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/pftd1b.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/pftd1s.jpg b/43367-h/images/pftd1s.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..869d350
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/pftd1s.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/pftd2b.jpg b/43367-h/images/pftd2b.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..279117d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/pftd2b.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/ptfd2s.jpg b/43367-h/images/ptfd2s.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7bff6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/ptfd2s.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/ptrain1.jpg b/43367-h/images/ptrain1.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..daad503
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/ptrain1.jpg
diff --git a/43367-h/images/ptrain2.jpg b/43367-h/images/ptrain2.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ce62cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367-h/images/ptrain2.jpg
diff --git a/43367.txt b/43367.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff83f07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8985 @@
+The Project Gutenberg eBook, Drake's Road Book of the Grand Junction
+Railway, by James Drake
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: Drake's Road Book of the Grand Junction Railway
+       from Birmingham to Liverpool and Manchester
+
+
+Author: James Drake
+
+
+
+Release Date: July 31, 2013  [eBook #43367]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DRAKE'S ROAD BOOK OF THE GRAND
+JUNCTION RAILWAY***
+
+
+credit
+
+
+
+This ebook was transcribed by Les Bowler.
+
+[Picture: Vauxhall Station, Grand Junction Railway, Vauxhall, Birmingham]
+
+       DEDICATED BY PERMISSION TO THE CHAIRMAN AND DIRECTORS OF THE
+                     GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+
+
+                                 DRAKE'S
+                                ROAD BOOK
+                                  OF THE
+                          GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY
+
+
+                                   FROM
+                 BIRMINGHAM TO LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER,
+                            ILLUSTRATED BY AN
+                  ACCURATE MAP, AND NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS:
+
+                           To which is appended
+
+                           THE VISITER'S GUIDE
+                                    TO
+                  BIRMINGHAM, LIVERPOOL, AND MANCHESTER.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                                  TO THE
+
+                          CHAIRMAN AND DIRECTORS
+
+                                  OF THE
+
+                     GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY,
+
+                                   THIS
+
+                              Second Edition
+
+                                    OF
+
+                              THE ROAD BOOK,
+
+                                   IS,
+
+                  BY PERMISSION, RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED,
+
+                                  BY THE
+
+                                                     AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER.
+
+
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENT
+TO THE
+SECOND EDITION.
+
+
+THE courteous reception given to the First Edition of the Grand Junction
+Road Book, and the substantial proofs of approbation which a rapid sale
+has afforded, render it a duty as proper as it is pleasant, for the
+Author and Publisher to return their joint thanks for the liberal
+patronage already bestowed on their work; and to engage a continuance of
+the same, by their assurances that in the present edition every possible
+improvement has been carefully effected in its various departments.
+Spirited wood and steel engravings {v} of the most important spots on the
+line have been introduced, and much new and interesting matter supplied.
+The whole of the information concerning fares, regulations, stations, and
+accommodation in towns on the route, has been recast, corrected, and
+enlarged; and a brief but comprehensive directory added, under the head
+of "VISITER'S GUIDE," page 97, containing lists of public buildings;
+institutions of all kinds; places of worship of all denominations, with
+names of the officiating ministers; principal show rooms and
+manufactories; times of arrival and departure of mails at the post
+office; hackney coach fares; bankers, inns, boarding houses, omnibus
+offices, newspapers, canal conveyances, waggon warehouses, packets, &c.,
+&c., for Birmingham, Manchester, and Liverpool.  The exceeding utility of
+this new division of the volume will be obvious to every one.  The Map
+has also been revised, and greatly improved; and the "GRAND JUNCTION ROAD
+BOOK" again makes its bow to the public, in full expectation that its old
+fame and new merits will be rightly appreciated.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+_Birmingham_, _September_ 1, 1838.
+
+
+
+
+SONNET
+BY WORDSWORTH,
+ON
+STEAM BOATS, VIADUCTS, AND RAILWAYS.
+
+
+    MOTIONS and means, on land and sea at war
+    With old poetic feeling; not for this,
+    Shall ye, by Poets even, be judged amiss!
+    Nor shall your presence, howsoe'er it mar
+    The loveliness of nature, prove a bar
+    To the mind's gaining that prophetic sense
+    Of future change that point of vision, whence
+    May be discover'd what in soul ye are.
+    In spite of all that beauty may disown
+    In your harsh features, Nature doth embrace
+    Her lawful offspring in Man's art; and Time,
+    Pleased with your triumphs o'er his brother Space,
+    Accepts from your bold hands the proffer'd crown
+    Of hope, and smiles on you with cheer sublime.
+
+        [Picture: Map of the route of the Grand Junction Railway]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+BIRMINGHAM.
+
+
+NAME--HISTORY--MANUFACTURES--PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND INSTITUTIONS, &c., &c.
+
+OUR native town of BIRMINGHAM, of whose celebrity and importance we are
+justly proud, demands our first attention in this our Itinerary; although
+the numerous publications which give more circumstantial particulars
+respecting it than the brief limits of the present work will admit,
+render it an unnecessary task here to occupy many pages with our notice.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+In our after topography and history of towns on the "Grand Junction"
+line, we shall have occasion to allude to their several claims to the
+honours of "hoar antiquity;" but none it would appear can boast of more
+remote fame than our own brave old town of Birmingham, or, as it has been
+variously written, _Bromycham_, _Bremecham_, _Bermyngham_, and
+_Bromnsycham_, the etymology of which terms have served to puzzle the
+learned in such lore for years gone by, and will do for years to come.
+What never can be positively settled, always proves a most fascinating
+subject for argument.  Mr. Hutton, the antiquary, imagines the derivation
+to be this: _wich_, or _wick_, being used to signify a town or village,
+and _brom_, from the _broom_ growing in the vicinity.  But we must leave
+the subject for more voluminous writers.  The late Mr. Hamper, our
+especial antiquary, traced the orthography through no less than _one
+hundred and forty_ variations.  In proof of Birmingham being a place of
+no very recent creation, the prodigious accumulation of scoria produced
+by the smelting of iron, at Aston furnace, may be referred to; as also
+the great number of exhausted coal mines, on a large common within a few
+miles, called Wednesbury Old Field.  Both these must have been the work
+of many centuries, as is proved by the fact, that in the former, the mass
+of scoria has not perceptibly increased within the memory of that
+remarkable individual, "the oldest inhabitant," though constantly
+receiving additions.  It appears that the Britons were acquainted with
+the use and manufacture of iron previously to the Roman conquest, as they
+are described with chariots armed with scythes.  It requires no very
+great stretch of imagination to suppose Birmingham (the _Bremenium_ of
+the Romans) to have been a chief station for the fabrication of such
+weapons.  In Doomsday Book, "_Bermengeham_" is noticed; and the manor and
+lordship were held by the De Birmingham family and their ancestors,
+during the reigns from Henry I. to Henry VIII., when John Dudley,
+afterwards Duke of Northumberland, being in possession of Dudley, and
+desirous of adding to it the manor of Birmingham, contrived, by a series
+of villanous artifices and perjury, to wrest it from Edward de
+Birmingham, and add it to his own possessions.  On the attainder and
+execution of the duke, in the reign of Mary, the manor escheated to the
+crown; and in 1643 a descendant of the family, through the female line,
+was raised to the peerage, by the title of Baron Ward, of Birmingham,
+changed afterwards to Viscount Dudley and Ward, and Earl of Dudley.  The
+remains of the ancient manor house have long been removed to make way for
+improvements; its former name, "The Moat," (now called Smithfield,) and
+two neglected effigies in St. Martin's church, of a crusader and an
+ecclesiastic of the De Birmingham family, are all that remain to tell of
+their former greatness.  Few historical events seem to have disturbed the
+good people of Birmingham except the civil war of the seventeenth
+century, when they proved themselves staunch adherents to the
+parliamentarians, and did good service to their partizans, against Prince
+Rupert and his troops, at which time some earth works thrown up at
+Bordesley, conferred the name of Camp Hill on a part of it.  The prince
+afterwards set fire to the town, but obligingly desisted from further
+demonstration of such warm regard, on being handsomely bribed to that
+effect.  The riots of 1791 are so frequently brought to the minds of our
+town's people by present allusions, that it needs not to dwell here on
+the disgraceful theme.  Turning to a pleasanter topic, we will briefly
+glance at the manufactures which made an anonymous poet formerly
+exclaim,--
+
+    "Europe's grand toy-shop, art's exhaustless mine--
+    These, and more titles, Birmingham, are thine."
+
+It is amusing to look back to the condition of Birmingham in Leland's
+time, (Henry VIII.,) who describes it as inhabited only "by smithes that
+use to make knives and all manner of cutting tools, and lorimers that
+make bittes, and a great many nailors."  Camden, in the reign of
+Elizabeth, speaks of it as "swarming with inhabitants, and echoing with
+the noise of anvils; but the upper part rising with abundance of handsome
+buildings;" and his continuator, Bishop Gibson, in the reign of Anne,
+mentions "its artificers in iron and steel, whose performances in that
+way are greatly admired both at home and abroad."  Prior to the
+restoration of Charles II. the town only consisted of one long street,
+extending from the hamlet of Deritend to the present Bull-street, and
+contained barely 5,000 inhabitants.  _Now_, the probably correct amount
+would stand thus: streets, 340; houses, 22,000; population, 200,000.
+Birmingham was created a borough by the Reform Bill, and sends two
+members to parliament.  The honours of a mayor and corporation are now
+added to its civil dignities.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Among the almost innumerable branches of trade and manufacture at present
+carried on, are light and heavy steel goods, (here called toys,) brass
+and iron foundery, sadlery, military accoutrements, fire-arms, swords and
+cutlery of various kinds; jewellery, gold, silver, and plated goods;
+buttons, medals, japannery; gilt, silver, ivory, bone, and other toys;
+glass, wood-turnery, metal-rolling, tools and implements of all kinds;
+mill machinery of all sorts, and steam engines on every known principle.
+Casting, modelling, die-sinking, engraving, and other processes connected
+with the various manufactures have been brought to the greatest
+perfection; also the cutting of glass, of which there are many brilliant
+specimens in the show-rooms of the town, especially those of Messrs.
+Rollason, Price, Henderson, Mrs. Bedford's, &c.  The great establishment
+at the Soho, near Birmingham, is intimately connected with its
+manufacturing interests, as under the superintendence of Messrs. Boulton
+and Watt, great improvements were effected in all kinds of machinery, and
+the power of steam applied to every mechanical purpose.  From their
+ingenious coining mill, the greater part of the copper money of George
+III. was issued.  Mr. Boulton died in 1809, aged eighty-one, and Mr. Watt
+in 1819, aged eighty-three.  They were both interred in Handsworth
+church, where a marble bust commemorates the former, and a statue, by
+Chantrey, the latter.
+
+    In the magnificent show-rooms of Mr. G. R. Collis in Church-street,
+    (formerly Sir E. Thomason's,) splendid specimens of the chief native
+    manufactures are collected, and their mode of manufacture shown to
+    all respectable visitors.  Mr. Phipson's pin manufactory, which in
+    this seemingly small article employs so great a number as one
+    thousand persons, is another large establishment; and the articles of
+    oriental gorgeousness and diversity, displayed by Messrs. Jennens and
+    Betteridge, at their japanned ware and papier mache manufactory, in
+    Constitution-hill, are full of brilliant designs and adornment.  The
+    show-rooms of Messrs. Mapplebeck and Lowe, Osborne, and others,
+    contain a great variety of hardware and cutlery.
+
+Of ponderous machinery, none perhaps is more interesting than that of the
+metal rolling mills; there is positive grandeur in the great power
+employed, and the accuracy with which it is adjusted to the end required.
+The button manufacture is a principal source of wealth to the town, and
+many of its chief families may trace back their origin (their
+_honourable_ origin--far more truly honourable than the anxiety
+occasionally shown by present full-blown importance to disguise it) to a
+humble fabricator of these small and indispensable articles.  They are
+made of all kinds and descriptions, to suit all markets; as were buckles
+likewise, some years since; but fashion, that mighty revolutionist, has
+driven them from their once prominent station in the toilet of the
+exquisite of former days; and knees and shoes, and dainty spangled and
+high heeled slippers, fit for feminine feet, have all laid by the buckles
+which used to glitter in cut steel and silver delicately worked, or set
+with brilliants; and of so comely dimensions, as well nigh to cover the
+pretty insteps of our grandmothers.  As a source of great wealth to our
+native town, we must regret the abolition of ornamental buckles.  Steel
+tools, and lighter, tasteful articles, form another great branch.  The
+first steel-house, or factory, gave the name "Steelhouse-lane" to the
+street.  Guns were first made in the reign of William III., and in times
+of war have constituted an important part of our trade.  Silver, brass,
+and iron are all wrought to a great extent, in every known variety of
+manufacture.  To enumerate _all_ the productions of Birmingham were
+nearly an impossible task, had we space; as it is, we must rest here, and
+proceed to notice a few of the chief buildings and institutions which
+would attract the observation of a stranger.
+
+                     [Picture: Birmingham Town Hall]
+
+First, of the first class, ranks our noble and magnificent Town Hall, in
+Paradise-street, a Grecian temple of the Corinthian order, standing on a
+rustic basement, and built of marble from Anglesea.  It is of recent
+erection; from the design, and under the direction of Mr. J. Hansom, of
+Hinckley, and contains a splendid hall, 140 feet long, by 65 feet wide,
+and 65 feet high, adapted for great public meetings, and for the
+performances of music at the Triennial Festivals; {7} it also contains
+spacious saloons, committee rooms, etc.  Its organ is the finest in the
+kingdom.  The new Free Grammar School, in New-street, is a large and
+handsome building, in the Gothic style, from a design by Mr. Barry, of
+London.  The exhibition rooms of the Birmingham Society of Arts,
+New-street, form a handsome building, admirably adapted for the purpose;
+and the annual exhibition, of ancient and modern masters, is inferior to
+no provincial one.  Another spacious suite of rooms was erected a few
+years since, by a dissentient party of the artists; but, having returned
+to the parent institution, their gallery since has been occupied by the
+highly interesting, valuable, and well-arranged Museum of Natural
+History, collected by Mr. Weaver, in the various branches of geology,
+ornithology, entomology, mineralogy, conchology, &c.  The Royal School of
+Medicine and Surgery, in Paradise-street, have now purchased this
+splendid collection, which, joined to the one they already possess, will
+form one of the finest Museums in the provinces.  It is liberally
+supported and patronised by the neighbouring nobility and county
+families.  The General Hospital, Blue Coat School, Dispensary, and
+Asylums, are worthy of all praise for their essential utility as
+charities.  The former is mainly supported by the proceeds of the
+Triennial Festivals; the others by liberal subscriptions, with which the
+inhabitants of Birmingham appear ever ready to increase the usefulness of
+charities having for their end the alleviation of misery, in whatever
+form it exists.  The new Market Hall, extending from the Bull-ring to
+Worcester-street, is a spacious and commodious building, though the
+internal arrangement might be greatly improved, by a little more
+attention to order and neatness on the part of the various trades-people
+who have stalls there.  The market having formerly been held in the open
+street, may, in some degree, account for this.  Nearly opposite the hall
+stands a statue of Lord Nelson, by Westmacott, with a miniature
+man-of-war beside him, on a pedestal surrounded by an iron rail and
+lamps.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The Churches most remarkable for architectural beauty, are, St. Philip's,
+in the Doric style, with a graceful tower and cupola: Trinity Church,
+Bordesley, designed by Mr. F. Goodwin, much in the style of King's
+College Chapel, Cambridge; it is a fine example of the Ecclesiastical
+Gothic: St. George's, also Gothic, but of far inferior beauty; St.
+Martin's, which _has_ been a fine old edifice, with a tapering spire, but
+is now disfigured by a brick shell: St. Paul's, Christ Church, St.
+Thomas's, St. Peter's, St. Bartholomew's, St. Mary's, All Saints', and
+others are of less striking appearance.  Many of the dissenting
+congregations have handsome and spacious meeting-houses and chapels,
+particularly the Catholic Chapels; Unitarian Meeting-houses; Independent
+Meeting-house, Carr's-lane; Mount Zion Chapel; Scottish Kirk, &c.
+Schools are connected with all, and with the numerous National,
+Lancasterian, Infant, and other schools, combine in distributing
+knowledge, in however a small degree as yet, among the useful and
+industrious classes.  The excellent school for the instruction of Deaf
+and Dumb children is pleasantly situated at Edgbaston: there are also
+various Asylums for the young, the helpless, and the immoral (repentant,
+of course).
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The Old Library, in Union-street, contains a valuable collection of
+40,000 volumes, and commodious reading rooms.  The New Library, in
+Temple-row, is a more recent and smaller establishment.  Divers
+conglomerations of novels, called "Circulating Libraries," also exist for
+the benefit of the sentimental.  The Philosophical Institution has a
+convenient Lecture-Theatre and Museum in Cannon-street, with a resident
+Curator.  Subscribers have the privilege of introducing strangers to the
+lectures.  The members of the Mechanics' Institution at present have
+lectures in the same building, until the erection of one suitable for
+them.  Strangers are admitted to the Mechanics' lectures on payment of
+one shilling.  The Botanical and Horticultural Society have extensive
+gardens and conservatories at Edgbaston, situated on rising ground, and
+commanding a beautiful and richly-wooded expanse of scenery.  The
+exhibitions of plants, fruits, &c., when a brilliant company generally
+assembles, are scenes of great gaiety.
+
+    The Conservatories and Greenhouses, are the erection of Mr. T. Clark,
+    of Lionel-street, Birmingham, whose manufactory for Metallic
+    Hothouses, &c., is very extensive.
+
+A Cemetery has been recently laid out and planted on the north side of
+the town, at Key Hill, where a large excavation in a hill of gravel
+renders the spot striking and even picturesque: a neat Chapel is erected
+for the performance of the funeral service.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+In 1813 an Act of Parliament was obtained for the erection of a Proof
+House for all fire-arms made in the town, which are subjected to a very
+severe test.  The hall and other premises are in Banbury-street, and have
+quite a military and formidable appearance.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The News Room, on Bennett's-hill, and the different banking
+establishments, are handsome buildings, many of them of considerable
+architectural beauty.  The Theatre is large, and inferior to few out of
+the metropolis, though the indifferent encouragement given to the drama
+in Birmingham, causes it to be comparatively but little used.  It is
+capable of accommodating 2,500 persons, and contains to the front, a
+suite of Assembly Rooms, Billiard and Coffee Rooms, &c.  There were
+formerly two smaller theatres, and an amphitheatre for equestrian
+performances, all three of which have been converted from their dissolute
+ways, and become pious and holy conventicles for divine worship.
+Temporary amphitheatres have frequently been erected since, and a
+permanent one is in progress.  For more circumstantial particulars and
+descriptions of these and other edifices, we must refer our readers to
+the "Picture of Birmingham," {11} or other more lengthy histories.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The environs of the town, especially Edgbaston and Harborne, contain many
+tasteful residences, erected by the wealthier merchants and tradesmen;
+whose pretty suburban villas have all gardens and pleasure grounds
+attached.  In the neighbourhood of Birmingham are many fine old houses,
+or halls, as they are called, well deserving of a visit from the
+antiquary or artist; and the far famed glories of Warwick, Kenilworth,
+Shakespeare-sainted Stratford, Guy's Cliff, and other places of renown,
+are within a short drive.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+In this brief survey of the past and present condition of Birmingham, it
+will be seen how rapidly its greatness and importance have been achieved
+by the perseverance, spirit, and ingenuity of its inhabitants.  We may
+expect as rapid, and almost as great improvements from the additional
+consequence and advantages it will receive from the great works now
+nearly completed.  The finished line of railway from London to Liverpool
+through this place, may, with confidence, be looked to as another great
+era in its history, from whence to date still increasing wealth, power,
+and intelligence.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+ROUTE.
+BIRMINGHAM TO WOLVERHAMPTON,
+Fourteen Miles.
+
+
+BIRMINGHAM AND VAUXHALL STATION.
+
+
+            Distance to Liverpool and Manchester, 97.25 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+          *** Those printed in small capitals are market towns.
+
+   _Places W. of Station_.        _Places E. of Station_.
+Edgbaston          2.5 miles.  Erdington             3 miles.
+Harborne                 4 --  Castle Bromwich         4.5 --
+HALESOWEN              8.5 --  SUTTON COLDFIELD        6.5 --
+STOURBRIDGE           12.5 --  Water Orton             6.5 --
+                               Curdworth               7.5 --
+                               COLESHILL               8.5 --
+                               Wishaw                    9 --
+                               Middleton               9.5 --
+                               Drayton Bassett        11.5 --
+                               TAMWORTH                 13 --
+
+THE Birmingham Station of the Grand Junction railway, closely adjoins
+that of the London and Birmingham, which greatly facilitates the
+arrangements of travellers proceeding along the entire line.  Until the
+completion of the permanent buildings, those at Vauxhall have been
+temporarily used.  To a stranger coming into the station-yard for the
+first time, the whole scene is one of great novelty: the long train of
+treble-bodied coaches, waiting under a broad covered way for passengers
+and baggage; the bustle and animation of the host of porters, guards,
+conductors, &c.; the amazement depicted on some of the faces of the
+lookers-on; the state of "intellectual complication" evinced by others,
+especially those who, having various items of property to convey with
+them, are tremblingly solicitous for the welfare of sundry "red-striped
+carpet bags, trunks with wrappering over," bandboxes which will be ruined
+by a drop of rain, and fish-baskets which have a mortal antipathy to be
+squeezed.  Other important-looking passengers make up their minds to take
+things as a matter of course, and not betray any vulgar surprise; and
+from their extremely over-done _nonchalance_, would fain persuade you
+they had made a journey round the globe in a first-rate train, and
+reached the antipodes by a tunnel.  These valiant and adventurous
+individuals are by far the severest sufferers by the anti-cigar-act,
+passed by the Company, for which the unsmoking part of the community,
+especially the fair sex, are greatly indebted.  The traveller may refer
+to the company's regulations at full, in the appendix at the end of this
+volume.  Supposing all preliminaries adjusted, we commence our journey.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Passing the station at Vauxhall, (closely adjoining to which are Vauxhall
+Gardens,) the railroad proceeds by Duddeston, and passes over the
+Coleshill road near Saltley Chapel, a small pigeon-house like edifice to
+the E. of the line.  Aston Church soon appears on the W., above the rich
+woods surrounding it; and the high chimney of the Birmingham Water Works
+(lately established to supply the town) is passed on the E.  The steam
+engines, Hercules and Atlas, erected here for pumping the water from the
+reservoir, into the pipes for conveyance to Birmingham, are perhaps the
+grandest and most perfect of their kind ever fabricated.  Yardley Village
+and Perry Barr form the distant view.  The railroad now passes over the
+Aston embankment, and a viaduct of ten arches, beneath which runs the
+high road to Sutton, and the Fazeley Canal.  From this point the last
+view is gained of the town of Birmingham, on the W.; and on the E. a
+prospect of Gravelly Hill, now nearly levelled, and the village of
+Erdington.  A short distance onwards the line passes the front of Aston
+Hall, a fine old baronial residence in the Elizabethan style of
+architecture, erected by Sir Thomas Holt in 1620, and in which he
+entertained Charles I. previously to the battle of Edge Hill.  It is
+situated in a fine park, richly ornamented with stately timber of ancient
+growth, and thriving modern plantations.  All the views of this fine old
+mansion are strikingly beautiful; but the one commanded from the railroad
+line, looking up the avenue of lofty elms, (which the line crosses,) is
+the most imposing.
+
+    James Watt, Esq., the present proprietor, has, it is said, expended
+    10,000 in preventing the line of railroad from passing through his
+    park, which the Company intended it to do; and in consequence of this
+    opposition a great curve appears in the course of the line at this
+    part.  Iron works in the neighbourhood have been in operation from
+    remote antiquity. {14}
+
+                          [Picture: Aston Hall]
+
+The Church, which re-appears at several points of the line, is a
+beautiful and venerable structure, with a fine tapering spire, and
+remarkably musical bells, the sweet tones of which will scarcely reach
+the ears of railroad travellers.  Part of the village of Aston is
+observable from the railroad, and also the grounds and fish-pans of its
+"Tavern," a spot much frequented by tea (and ale) drinking parties from
+Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+One very agreeable feature of the scenery on the line, is the unspoiled
+freshness and verdure of the ground on either side.  The idea most
+persons entertain respecting such astounding innovations on ancient
+usages as steam carriages and railroads is, that they spread desolation
+around their path, and that the track of a locomotive engine must
+necessarily be as devastating in its effects as that of a lava course.
+We candidly confess to something akin to this suspicion ourselves.  But
+all "Grand Junction" patrons must be gratified to find such expectations
+disappointed so pleasingly in the cheerful aspect of the fields, groves,
+and "little running brooks," closely bordering the excavations or
+embankments.  Cattle are quietly feeding just on the other side the
+fence, and gay wildflowers already enamel the newly-made banks.
+Sometimes, certainly, a horse or cow may be abruptly interrupted in a
+quiet meditation by the rapid rushing by of a "Centaur" or "Alecto," with
+its lengthened _tail_ of many ponderous joints; and one accident, very
+singular, if true, occurred lately.  A certain luckless individual of the
+pig family, having too far indulged an imprudent spirit of investigation
+on the Bilston portion of the line, had his curly conclusion very
+summarily amputated by a passing train:--he turned round briskly to
+ascertain the extent of his calamity, when another train, whirling along
+in an opposite direction, coming in contact with his head, put a period
+to the enterprising animal's existence by an instant decapitation.  We
+might draw a wise and serious moral from this "cutting" event, but the
+fact presents a sufficient warning to all persons inclined to incur the
+penalty of two pounds in sterling coin, and limbs _ad libitum_, for the
+sake of a promenade on the forbidden ground.  "Digression is a sin,"--on
+the defunct pig's head be ours!  But for his tragic history, we should,
+ere this, have introduced the hill of these parts, Barr Beacon, to our
+readers; it appears to the N.E., crowned with a dense grove of trees.
+The intervening scenery is cheerful and cultivated, but not picturesque.
+The village of Witton shortly appears to the E., with Barr lying on the
+N.E.  The bridge here passed is on the boundary of Warwickshire and
+Staffordshire, which latter county the line now enters.  Aston Hall and
+Church again come in sight beyond Witton, and form a beautiful rear view,
+which is soon shut out by the banks of the excavation, precluding all
+prospect save of their own sloping sides, the pebbles and markings in
+which are made, by the rapidity of passing, to appear like flying lines.
+
+
+
+Perry Barr Station.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 3.5--Liverpool and Manchester, 94 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+  _Places W. of Station_.         _Places E. of Station_.
+Handsworth            1 mile  Perry                   .75 mile
+Aston                   1 --  Erdington             2.75 miles
+Smethwick         4.25 miles  SUTTON COLDFIELD            5 --
+                              Little Aston                6 --
+                              Shenstone                 8.5 --
+
+                   [Picture: Aston Church and Viaduct]
+
+At this station, the line makes a considerable curve in an opposite
+direction to that hitherto followed, and passes Handsworth, (the church
+appearing among wood on the W.,) also Lea Hall, on the W., and over two
+bridges, named from J. Gough, Esq., through whose estate the line runs
+for two miles.  Pleasant, quiet-looking scenery skirts the road for some
+distance, and about a mile from the last bridge, a view is gained of
+Perry Hall, seat of J. Gough, Esq., nearly encompassed by a grove of oak
+trees.  At Hampstead Bridge, the old Walsall road crosses the line; and
+on either side the prospect is pleasantly varied by wood and water.
+Hampstead Hall, which lies near, is nearly concealed by its rich woods
+from the passers on the railroad.  The line shortly enters a cutting, of
+from sixty to seventy feet deep; emerging from which into the open
+country, West Bromwich, and Sandwell Park, the seat of Earl Dartmouth,
+appear on the W., and Barr on the E.  We now pass
+
+
+
+Newton Road Station.
+
+
+   Distance to Birmingham, 6.75--Liverpool and Manchester, 90.75 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+  _Places W. of Station_.       _Place E. of Station_.
+West Bromwich        2 miles  Great Barr        2.5 miles
+Oldbury              3.25 --
+Rowley Regis            5 --
+HALESOWEN            7.25 --
+Cradley              7.25 --
+The Lye               8.5 --
+
+WEST BROMWICH has rapidly risen to importance from the rich iron and coal
+mines which abound in its vicinity.  The great Gas Works are situated
+here, which supply the chief part of Birmingham, Wednesbury, Dudley,
+Bilston, Darlaston, and other places with gas; the main tubes extending
+to the aggregate length of 150 miles.  There are two handsome churches,
+the one ancient, the other modern.  Population, 15,330.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The site of the present splendid mansion of Sandwell, was, in the reign
+of Henry II., occupied by a priory of Benedictine Monks.  Charley Mount,
+pleasantly situated on a hill, appears W. of the line, Ray Hall and
+Burslem, or Bustleholm Mill, on the E.  Before passing Tame Bridge, Barr
+Beacon again appears, heading the distant view.  Friar Park is on the W.,
+with the town and church of Wednesbury (usually pronounced Wedgebury),
+towering above the trees.  Walsall appears from the same point, lying
+N.E. of the line.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+DUDLEY, a town in the centre of the mining district, lies 5.5 miles W. of
+the line.  Population, 23,050.  The ancient castle is a ruin of great
+beauty and interest, situated on an eminence, and surrounded with fine
+wood and beautiful walks.  Stupendous cavern-quarries, canals, and
+labyrinthine excavations, extend under the Castle Hill.  The limestone is
+remarkably rich in fossil treasures; trilobites, or, as they are vulgarly
+called, "Dudley locusts," have been found here in great variety, but from
+the eagerness of collectors, and the inadequate supply of these ancient
+creatures yielded by the rocks, they have become scarce and costly,
+instead of "not particularly valuable," as stated by a contemporary
+before alluded to.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+WEDNESBURY is a town of ancient origin, having been fortified against the
+Danes by Ethelfleda, daughter of Alfred the Great, in 916.  Extensive
+collieries enrich the vicinity, and tend greatly to darken the complexion
+of both houses and inhabitants; the workers of the black diamond
+hereabout being a marvellously murky fraternity.  Various manufactures of
+iron are here carried on, and the air is generally redolent of the fumes
+of coal-smoke in no small degree.  The market is on Friday, and fairs May
+6, and August 3.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+WALSALL boasts an equally ancient history with the former place, and was
+fortified by the same princess.  It stands conspicuously on the summit
+and acclivities of a limestone rock, which is crowned by the church, the
+lofty spire of which forms a fine object.  Market on Tuesday; fairs
+September 24, Whit Monday, and Tuesday before Michaelmas day.  Proceeding
+onwards we pass under
+
+
+
+Bescot Bridge Station.
+
+
+     Distance to Birmingham, 9.5--Liverpool and Manchester, 88 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+  _Places W. of Station_.        _Places E. of Station_.
+WEDNESBURY            1 mile  WALSALL               1.5 mile
+Tipton               4 miles  Rushall              2.5 miles
+DUDLEY                5.5 --  Over Stonnal            6.5 --
+Netherton            6.75 --  Lower Stonnal           7.5 --
+Brierley Hill        8.25 --  Shenstone                 9 --
+King Swinford         8.5 --  LICHFIELD                11 --
+Wordesley            9.25 --
+The Lye              9.25 --
+STOURBRIDGE          9.75 --
+Old Swinford         10.5 --
+
+THE main road from Wednesbury to Walsall crosses this bridge; pass Bescot
+Hall, (Mr. Marshall's,) on the E., and reach
+
+
+
+James's Bridge Station.
+
+
+  Distance to Birmingham, 10.25--Liverpool and Manchester, 87.25 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+ _Places W. of Station_.   _Places E. of Station_.
+Darlaston        .75 mile  Walsall        1.75 mile
+Coseley           3 miles
+
+THE high road from Walsall crosses here to DARLASTON, (seen in the
+distance on the W.,) another town in the iron and coal district, and,
+according to tradition, the seat of Wulphere, king of Mercia, who put his
+two sons to death for embracing Christianity.  On the hill at Berry Bank,
+are the remains of a large castle and entrenchments, and near by, a
+Barrow, which it were heresy to doubt were the residence and grave of
+this redoubtable personage.  The chief manufactures of this, as of the
+neighbouring towns, consist of various iron and steel goods.  The whole
+district is abundantly traversed by canals, tram-roads, &c., for the
+convenient conveyance of merchandise, and presents to the passing
+traveller less subject for praise in point of beauty, than for admiration
+and surprise, at the closely-placed engines, mills, coal-pits,
+iron-mines, and factories, which greet him on all sides, with hissing,
+curling volumes of white steam, or thick massy clouds of rolling smoke.
+Should the traveller journey through this strange neighbourhood by night,
+the novel and wild, not to say, grand, effect of the fires, must strike
+him forcibly.  Huge furnaces glowing on the earth, from a dark wayside
+forge; tall chimneys, themselves not seen in the gloom, vomiting forth
+flames and fiery-coloured smoke, or a long range of glowing hillocks,
+where flickering blazes play from the charcoal burning within: add to
+these, the dusky figures of the men and boys employed in the works, and a
+stranger will have a scene before him, in which the "fearsome" is oddly
+enough blended with the grotesque.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+In the distance, S.W. of the line, appear the Rowley Hills, a ridge of
+trap or basaltic rock, which, at the time of its elevation, upheaved and
+broke through the coal strata.  The stone being hard and compact, the
+hills are quarried for paving flags, &c.
+
+    "The principal mass of these (trap rocks) occurs in the southern part
+    of the county, overlying the coal-field which surrounds the town of
+    Dudley.  It there constitutes the material of a group of hills,
+    beginning on the S. of that town, and terminating about half-way
+    between Halesowen and Oldbury, a little beyond the village of Rowley.
+    These hills consist of very pure basalt, which in the neighbourhood
+    of Birmingham is called Rowley rag, because the village of Rowley is
+    situated on one of these basalt hills; and this hill appears to the
+    eye to be the highest of the whole range.  These hills are all
+    covered with soil; but quarries have been opened in many of them, and
+    the basalt of which they are composed is employed for mending the
+    roads.  The streets of Birmingham are likewise paved with it.  The
+    columnar structure, though very frequent, is far from universal in
+    this trap, which very commonly occurs in large spherical masses,
+    decomposing on the surface into concentric layers.  An amygdaloidal
+    variety containing calcareous spar and zeolite occurs S. of Dudley.
+    The highest point of the Rowley Hills is stated by Dr. Thompson to be
+    900 feet above the Thames at Brentford."--CONYBEARE AND PHILLIPS'S
+    _Geology of England and Wales_.
+
+Passing through a cutting of considerable depth, we arrive at
+
+
+
+Willenhall Station.
+
+
+    Distance to Birmingham, 12--Liverpool and Manchester, 85.5 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+    _Places W. of Station_.      _Places E. of Station_.
+   Bilston             1.5 mile  Bloxwich        3 miles.
+   Sedgley           4.25 miles  Pelsall          4.75 --
+   Lower Gornal         5.75 --
+   Himley               7.25 --
+
+THE small town of Willenhall, at the period of the Norman survey, was
+called _Winehala_, the Saxon term for victory, probably from the great
+battle fought near it in 311.  The village began to flourish in the reign
+of Elizabeth, when the iron manufacture was first established here: at
+present, it is noted for its collieries and flourishing trade in locks,
+and other articles of hardware.  Population, about 5,900.
+
+                      [Picture: Wednesfield Tunnel]
+
+Nothing of particular interest occurs on either side of the line, till,
+in approaching the long Wednesfield tunnel, the geological traveller will
+observe the remarkable section formed by the excavation through the
+outcropping beds of coal, which in this part rise at a great angle
+towards the surface, and are worked in the neighbourhood by open
+cuttings.  The complete change which this abrupt ending of the coal-field
+causes in the aspect of the country is very singular.  On one side all is
+black and murky; on the other, green and bright.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The tunnel is 180 yards in length, and the effect of a long train of
+carriages passing rapidly under, is novel and grand, nor less so the
+appearance of their emerging from the dark archway, to the expectant
+spectators at the
+
+
+
+WOLVERHAMPTON STATION.
+
+
+  Distance to Birmingham, 14.25--Liverpool and Manchester, 83.25 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+     _Places W. of Station_.           _Places E. of Station_.
+WOLVERHAMPTON (Town)       1 mile.  Bushbury           1.75 mile.
+Tettenhall                2 miles.  Wednesfield           1.75 --
+Upper Penn                  3.5 --
+Codsall                     4.5 --
+Wombourne                  5.25 --
+Himley                        6 --
+Trysull                       6 --
+Pattingham                  6.5 --
+Albrighton                    7 --
+Donington                   7.5 --
+King Swinford               7.5 --
+Bonningale                    8 --
+BRIDGENORTH                  14 --
+SHIFFNAL                     14 --
+
+THE panting and smoking engine, like a huge beast, rushing along with
+fiery jaws, and "such a length of tail behind," might, in a dark night,
+be easily suspected of being "no canny."  Divers kinds of vehicles, from
+post-chaises and landaus, to caravans and _omnibii_ (as a refined friend
+of ours pluralizes these universal conveyances) are in attendance at this
+station, to convey passengers to the town of Wolverhampton, one mile
+distant, or to their future destination.
+
+    WOLVERHAMPTON is a place of considerable antiquity, and was called
+    Hanton or Hampton prior to the year 996, when Wulfrana, sister of
+    King Edgar, and widow of Aldhelm, Duke of Northampton, founded a
+    college here, endowing it with so many privileges that the town was
+    called in her honour, _Wulfranis Hampton_, of which its present name
+    is evidently a corruption.  The College continued till the year 1200,
+    when Petrus Blesensis, who was then dean, after fruitless attempts to
+    reform the dissolute lives of the brethren, surrendered the
+    establishment to Hubert, archbishop of Canterbury, and it was
+    subsequently annexed to the deanery of Windsor.  In 1590, the greater
+    part of the town was destroyed by a fire, which continued burning for
+    five days.  In the parliamentary war, Wolverhampton aided the
+    royalists, and Prince Rupert fixed his head-quarters here, while the
+    king was encamped at Bushbury.
+
+The town is situated on an eminence, on the N.W. side of the great
+midland coal-district, and the neighbourhood abounds with iron, coal, and
+limestone.  The manufacture of locks, forms here as in the other towns in
+the vicinity, the staple trade, to which may be added, smith's and
+carpenter's tools, machinery of all kinds, furnishing ironmongery, &c.
+The modern streets are well-built and lighted, and contain many handsome
+and substantial houses.  A public Subscription Library and News-room,
+occupy the lower part of a commodious building, in which, assemblies and
+concerts are likewise held.  A Literary and Philosophical Society is
+established, but not yet supported in a manner at all proportioned to its
+merits; a circumstance not reflecting much honour on the professedly
+intelligent and "higher" classes of the inhabitants.  The Mechanics'
+Institution is in a more flourishing condition, for obvious reasons,
+being patronized by the more knowledge-loving part of the community.  The
+Theatre is opened occasionally; it is a small and unpretending structure.
+Races are annually held in August, in an extensive area near the town,
+and are well attended.  In the centre of the market-place stands a
+cast-iron column, forty-five feet high, surmounted by a large gas
+lantern, which was intended by its sanguine projector to enlighten the
+whole town and suburbs, but, alas for the great designs of short-sighted
+humanity!--its sphere of usefulness is unfortunately restricted to the
+attic and chamber windows of the houses immediately contiguous.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The Collegiate Church is an ancient and exceedingly beautiful cruciform
+structure, in the early decorated style of architecture, with a handsome
+square embattled tower rising from the centre.  It contains a curious and
+elaborately-carved stone pulpit, formed of one entire block, an ancient
+font, and several interesting monuments.  In the church-yard is a column,
+twenty feet high, greatly enriched with sculpture of various designs,
+supposed to be of either Saxon or Danish origin.  There are several other
+churches in Wolverhampton, and many religious establishments belonging to
+various sects of dissenters; also a Free Grammar School, Blue Coat
+Charity, National, Sunday, and other Schools.  The population of
+Wolverhampton is about 25,000; it has a market on Wednesday, and a fair
+on July 10.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+WOLVERHAMPTON TO STAFFORD,
+Fifteen Miles.
+
+
+                   [Picture: Bushbury Hill and Church]
+
+ON quitting the station at Wolverhampton a good view is obtained of the
+town and fine old Church, with the hills of Rowley Regis in the distance.
+Tettenhall Wood and the Clee Hills soon add to the beauty of the
+southward view; and the line is skirted by fine trees and fresh verdant
+meadows, over which a peep of the distant landscape is gained at
+intervals.  Show Hill, and Low Hill houses are pleasantly situated on the
+ridge of a hill to the E., and beyond them appears Bushbury Hill, a point
+of the same elevation, with its old village Church, built about 1460;
+this is perhaps the most pleasing part of the line we have yet traversed.
+The Wrekin appears in the distance to the W., and nearer, the lofty and
+tapering spire of Brewood (or Brood) Church, rises from its girdling
+woods.  Moseley Court, the ancient seat of J. G. Whitgreave, Esq., lies
+E. of the line, whence but little of the house is visible, being
+surrounded by stately oak groves.  In this venerable mansion, Charles II.
+was temporarily concealed, when on his way to Bentley.  Wrottesley Park,
+seat of Sir John Wrottesley, Bart., Chillington Park and Hall, the noble
+residence of T. W. Giffard, Esq., and the village of Codsall, form
+portions of the scenery to the S.W.  All this part of the line from
+Wolverhampton is on an embankment, which, however, does not exceed
+fifteen feet at the highest point.  On the E. appears Hilton Park, seat
+of H. E. C. V. Graham, Esq., and on the W., Pendeford Hall.  The villages
+of Shareshill and Featherstone, lie E. of the line.  A bridge here
+crosses it, bearing the felicitous name of "Paradise;" happy mortals, to
+reach such blessed bourne!  But our stay is brief indeed; Paradise is
+left far behind, and we pass onwards under and over many a bridge of
+great and small degree; for the railroad even renders a common dirty
+gutter, a thing of so great importance, that a stately and ponderous arch
+must be erected for its insignificant accommodation!  Verily, we grow
+aristocratic in our indignation at such upstart doings.  The honourable
+fraternity of Ditch, Gutter, and Co., may, with a good grace, quote the
+old fable, and exclaim, "How we apples swim;" they are marvellously
+promoted since "an hundred years ago."  The Stafford Canal passes under,
+and the railroad over, a handsome iron bridge, between the village of
+Coven on the W., and Aspley on the E. side of the line.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The wide moorland called Cannock Chase, lies E., and is for some distance
+seen from the line.  It was in earlier times, a forest or chase belonging
+to the Mercian kings.  In one part, Castle Hill, now enclosed by the
+boundary of Beaudesert Park, seat of the Marquis of Anglesea, is an
+ancient British encampment, surrounded by a double trench, occupying
+about fourteen acres.  Near it are the remains of a moat, enclosing an
+oblong square of three acres, called the Old Nunnery, where a Cistercian
+Abbey was founded in the reign of Stephen, which was shortly after
+removed to Stoneleigh, in Warwickshire.  Cannock Chase, or Heath,
+contains upwards of 25,000 acres; in some parts, containing extensive
+sheep walks.
+
+
+
+Four Ashes Station.
+
+
+    Distance to Birmingham, 20--Liverpool and Manchester, 77.5 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+_Place W. of Station_.      _Place E. of Station_.
+Brewood        2 miles.  Shareshill        2.75 miles.
+
+IF the reader be a passenger in a mixed train, the diminished speed will
+here allow him a better chance of observation; and a fine view may be
+enjoyed on the eastward, of Cannock Chase, with its undulating scenery;
+and westward, Summerford Park, seat of the Hon. E. Monkton, the little
+town of Brewood, and the Wrekin.  Passing on, nothing of interest occurs
+until the arrival at the next, the
+
+
+
+Spread Eagle Station.
+
+
+    Distance to Birmingham, 21.5--Liverpool and Manchester, 76 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+     _Places W. of Station_.         _Places E. of Station_.
+Stretton                  2 miles.  CANNOCK        4.5 miles.
+Lapley                        3 --  Norton            6.25 --
+Wheaton Aston              4.25 --
+Weston-under-Lizzard          7 --
+Blymhill                      7 --
+Tong                        8.5 --
+Sheriff Hales              10.5 --
+Woodcote                     11 --
+SHIFFNAL                     12 --
+WELLINGTON                   17 --
+SHREWSBURY                   29 --
+
+HERE the railroad crosses the old Roman road called Watling-street; the
+ancient praetorian highway, reaching from Dover, by St. Albans,
+Dunstable, Towcester, Atherstone, Shrewsbury, &c., to Cardigan; in many
+places it is scarcely perceptible, while in others it continues firm for
+several miles.  And who can pass such a junction of roads, without a
+backward glance at past years and events? without a thought of the
+thousand "changes of time and tide" that this ancient track has
+witnessed: the millions of human footsteps it has received:--the proud
+and victorious Roman, exulting in his country's greatness and conquests,
+and contemptuously spurning the savage natives, whose natural rights he
+invaded:--the rapacious and desolating Dane:--the wily Saxon:--the
+adventurous Norman: and now the compound people, we English, who, not
+content with the ways of our fathers, must needs cross them with our
+refined and scientific innovations.  In sooth, this ancient road were a
+fitter subject for an epic poem, than a guide-book gossip.
+
+Passing the Spread Eagle station, the villages of Water Eaton and
+Stretton, are seen on the W., and Rodbaston Hall, with Cannock Chase
+behind, on the E.  The turnpike road here runs parallel with the line for
+some distance.  At Quarry Bridge, a short distance from Penkridge, is a
+fine quarry of red sandstone, which has furnished a handsome material for
+several bridges in the vicinity.  From hence the church of Penkridge, and
+the next arch over the line, forms an interesting picture, to which the
+near arch of Quarry Bridge serves as framework.
+
+              [Picture: Penkridge Church from Quarry Bridge]
+
+The church is shortly after passed, on the E., and arriving at the bridge
+over the river Penk, a lovely view of the surrounding scenery presents
+itself.  The river appears on both sides, winding gracefully along,
+between meadows and groves; on the E. is the Old Bridge, beyond which
+appears Teddesley Park and Hall, the seat of Lord Hatherton, with our old
+friend Cannock Chase in the distance.  Westward the eye ranges over the
+near objects to Preston Hill and Longridge, altogether forming a
+delightful prospect.
+
+                           [Picture: Penkridge]
+
+
+
+Penkridge Station.
+
+
+    Distance to Birmingham, 24--Liverpool and Manchester, 73.5 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+    _Places W. of Station_.           _Places E. of Station_.
+Bradley             3.75 miles.  Dunstan               2.25 miles.
+Church Eaton            5.25 --  Acton Trussel             2.75 --
+                                 Bednall                    3.5 --
+                                 CANNOCK                      5 --
+                                 RUGELEY                      8 --
+                                 Armitage                  10.5 --
+                                 Malvesyn Ridware            11 --
+                                 Longdon                   11.5 --
+
+    PENKRIDGE is supposed by Camden to have been the Roman Pennocrucium;
+    its modern name seems derivable from the river Penk, on which it
+    stands.
+
+The town, from its low situation, is liable to frequent inundations.  It
+has no market-day, but two great cattle fairs are held here, on April 30,
+and first Monday in September.  The Church was made collegiate by King
+John.  Penkridge contains about 3,000 inhabitants.  Quitting Penkridge,
+the villages of Thickerscote and Silkmoor appear in the distance; and
+shortly after leaving Acton Trussel to the E., and Levedale on the W.,
+Dunstan Church, appears above the bank of the railway, on the E.  The
+next object of interest is Stafford Castle, the tower of which is seen
+just before arriving at
+
+
+
+STAFFORD STATION.
+
+
+  Distance to Birmingham, 29.25--Liverpool and Manchester, 68.25 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+   _Places W. of Station_.             _Places E. of Station_.
+Castlechurch           1 mile.  Baswick or Berkswick        1.5 mile.
+Coppenhall          2.5 miles.  Marston                   3.25 miles.
+Houghton                  4 --  Tixall                           4 --
+Gnosnal                   7 --  Ingestre                         4 --
+NEWPORT                  12 --  Weston                         4.5 --
+                                Sandon                           5 --
+                                Gayton                         5.5 --
+                                Stowe                         6.75 --
+                                Colwich                       6.75 --
+                                Milwich                          7 --
+                                Fradswell                      7.5 --
+                                Hilderston                       8 --
+                                RUGELEY                          9 --
+                                Gratwich                        11 --
+                                ABBOTS BROMLEY                  11 --
+                                UTTOXETER                       14 --
+                                LICHFIELD                       17 --
+
+    STAFFORD is a borough and market town; contains 8,512 inhabitants.
+    This place, which is of great antiquity, was anciently called
+    _Stadeford_, from the Saxon Stade, signifying a place on a river, and
+    the _trajectus_, or ford, across the river Sow, on which it is
+    pleasantly situated, about six miles from its confluence with the
+    Trent.
+
+The entrance from the London road, is by a neat bridge over the river,
+near which was one of the ancient gates.  The houses are in general
+well-built, and many of them are handsome and modern erections; the
+streets well paved, and the environs of the town abound with elegant
+mansions and villas.  Assemblies are held in a suite of rooms in the Town
+Hall, and races take place annually in May.  The chief branch of
+manufacture is that of shoes, and the tanning of leather is carried on to
+a considerable extent.  Stafford is also renowned for its ale, in common
+with the surrounding neighbourhood.  The market is held on Saturday, and
+fairs on April 5, May 14, June 25, October 3, and December 5.
+
+                        [Picture: Stafford Castle]
+
+From the year 700, this place has been gradually acquiring importance,
+and castles have been built and rebuilt by successive princes and
+possessors.  In 705, it is said to have been the residence of the pious
+St. Bertalin, son of a Mercian king, and we may well imagine a _royal_
+hermitage to have formed an attractive nucleus for a future city.
+Ethelfleda, Countess of Mercia, erected a castle here in 913, and
+fortified the town with walls and a fosse.  It appears to have increased
+greatly in extent and importance, and is in Doomsday Book called a city,
+in which the king had eighteen burgesses in demesne, and the Earl of
+Mercia twenty mansions.  William the Conqueror built a castle here, to
+keep the barons in subjection, and appointed as governor, Robert de
+Toeni, the progenitor of the house of Stafford.  It was rebuilt in the
+reign of Edward III., and in the parliamentary war was garrisoned for the
+king, but taken by the parliamentary troops, and finally demolished.  The
+lover of picturesque relics of the olden time, must regret the utter
+destruction of this, and many other strong holds; but the knowledge, that
+the iron-handed tyranny upheld by these feudal dens, is for ever gone by
+with their departed strength, is a glorious and surpassing compensation.
+Where would be our railroads, if moss-trooping barons and slavish serfs
+formed, as they once did, the population of England?
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The castellated building which now forms so prominent a feature in the
+landscape on approaching Stafford, is a modern erection, on the ancient
+site, commenced by Lord Stafford, (then Sir George Jerningham); only one
+front, flanked by two round towers was completed; these now contain some
+ancient armour and other curiosities.  The County Hall is a spacious and
+handsome building of stone, occupying one side of the Market-place.  The
+County Gaol is also a large and modern erection, well adapted for the
+classification of prisoners, who are employed at their trades, and
+receive a certain portion of their earnings on discharge.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The Church, dedicated to St. Mary, formerly collegiate, is an ancient and
+spacious cruciform structure, in the early style of English architecture,
+with a lofty octagonal tower rising from the intersection.  The north
+entrance is richly ornamented, and the interior beautifully arranged, the
+piers and arches are of the early English, passing into the decorated
+style.  The east window is an elegant specimen of the later English.  In
+the north transept is an ancient font of great beauty, highly ornamented
+with sculptured figures and animals.  There are many ancient monuments;
+amongst the most conspicuous, are those of the family of Aston, of
+Tixall.  There are two other Churches, one, St. Chadd's, originally in
+the Norman style, but much and incongruously altered; also, places of
+worship for the Society of Friends, Independents, Wesleyan Methodists,
+and Roman Catholics.  The Free Grammar School was refounded by Edward
+VI.; there are also National and other Schools, and a variety of Public
+Institutions, among which the Infirmary, and Lunatic Asylum are the
+chief.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+In olden times, a Priory of Black Canons existed here, founded in 1151; a
+small part of whose ruined abode remains, in the shape of a farm house,
+two miles east of the town.  There were likewise, a House of Friars
+Eremites; a Priory of Franciscan Friars, and other monastic
+establishments, all dismantled at the dissolution.  The most celebrated
+native of Stafford, is Isaac Walton, the angler, a name well-beloved by
+all votaries of the (so called) "_gentle_ sport," though there are and
+have been many who rather think with the Poet, that
+
+    "The quaint, old, cruel coxcomb, in his gullet
+    Should have a hook, and a small trout to pull it."
+
+                                                                    BYRON.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+STAFFORD TO WHITMORE,
+Fourteen Miles.
+
+
+IN leaving Stafford station, the Castle appears to the W. and the Town,
+E. of the line.  Beacon Hill is seen immediately over the latter.  On
+proceeding a short distance through a flat country, the little village of
+Aston is passed on the W., and Creswell Hall, (Rev. T. Whitley,) on the
+E., which, encompassed by richly wooded grounds, and overlooking the
+meanderings of the little river Sow, forms a fine object in the general
+landscape.  The house is a plain, neat structure.  Much of the ground
+here is marshy, and abounds with willows, whose light silvery foliage
+agreeably diversifies the meadow and woodland scenery; amid which, on the
+W., peeps the pretty tower of Seighford Church.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Passing two successive cuttings of no great depth, and through a marshy
+district adorned by poplar and willow trees, we arrive at
+
+
+
+Bridgeford Station.
+
+
+  Distance to Birmingham, 32.75--Liverpool and Manchester, 64.75 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+  _Places W. of Station_.
+Seighford            1 mile.
+Ranton           2.75 miles.
+Ellenhall               3 --
+Norbury               7.5 --
+
+On the E. is Bridgeford Hall, the estate of J. Reynolds, Esq., formerly a
+Convent.  Some remains of the ancient buildings still exist in different
+parts of the hall and garden.
+
+    A story of a subterranean passage also belongs to this relic of olden
+    times, which passage, says tradition, leads to Ellenhall, about two
+    miles distant; and we have been told that in digging a well a few
+    years since the passage was discovered.
+
+A picturesque Mill stands near the Hall.  Passing Chebsey W., and
+Whitgreave on the E., we reach Shallowford, where a few scattered
+cottages represent the honours of the Village, and the Sow, which almost
+emulates the winding propensities of the fair river Wye, meanders quietly
+among the meadows.  At Shallowford Bridge, which is chiefly built for the
+convenience of farmers, whose cattle and teams are constantly traversing
+it, a person is generally stationed with a red flag to give a signal for
+trains to slacken their speed at this part, if cattle are passing at the
+time.
+
+A pleasant but not very interesting portion of the line brings us to
+
+
+
+Norton Bridge Station.
+
+
+    Distance to Birmingham, 35--Liverpool and Manchester, 62.5 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+   _Places W. of Station_.      _Places E. of Station_.
+Chebsey            1.25 mile.  STONE             3 miles.
+ECCLESHALL         2.5 miles.  Swinnerton          4.5 --
+Standon                  5 --  Hilderston         6.25 --
+High Oftley            6.5 --  Barlaston           6.5 --
+Adbaston               6.5 --  Fulford             7.5 --
+Cheswardine            9.5 --  Trentham              8 --
+Hinstock                13 --  Draycott            9.5 --
+                               LANE END             10 --
+                               CHEADLE              14 --
+
+    TWO miles and a half W. of this station lies the small town of
+    Eccleshall, which at the time of the Conquest belonged to the See of
+    Lichfield.  In 1200, Bishop Muschamp obtained a licence from King
+    John, to embattle the episcopal residence; which was much repaired,
+    or rebuilt, by Bishop Langton in 1310.  During the parliamentary war
+    it was so much damaged in a siege, previously to being taken by the
+    parliamentarians, as to be unfit for the further residence of the
+    church-militant commanders-in-chief, until Bishop Lloyd rebuilt it in
+    1695; since which time it has continued to be the episcopal palace of
+    the See of Lichfield and Coventry.  The grounds and woods belonging
+    to the palace are pleasant and extensive.  The church was the
+    sanctuary of Queen Margaret, after Lord Audley's defeat by the Earl
+    of Salisbury, at Blore Heath.  It is a spacious structure, in the
+    ancient English style of architecture, and contains several
+    monuments.
+
+    The town of Stone lies three miles E. of the line, and is not seen
+    from it; the name is traditionally derived from a monumental heap of
+    stones, which, according to the custom of the Saxons had been placed
+    over the bodies of the princes Wulford and Rufinus, who were here
+    slain by their father king Wulphere, on account of their conversion
+    to Christianity.  [_See page_ 20.] The king himself becoming
+    subsequently a convert, founded, in 670, a college of Secular Canons,
+    dedicating it to his children, in expiation of his crime: and to this
+    establishment the town is supposed to owe its origin.  The prevailing
+    manufacture is that of shoes.  Population, 7,808.
+
+Although none of the towns in the great district called the Potteries,
+are upon or even seen from the line of route, yet they lie so near, that
+it would scarcely be well to omit all mention of this great manufacturing
+neighbourhood, which encloses about ten square miles of country, covered
+with scattered villages, and containing about 20,000 inhabitants.
+Although the making of articles of pottery has been carried on here from
+a remote period, yet the manufacture was of inferior importance, until
+the great improvements effected by Mr. Wedgewood in the latter part of
+the last century; since which time the excellence and beauty of the
+wares, have produced a most extensive traffic both in England and abroad.
+The exports of earthenware and china to the United States alone, amount
+to 60,000 packages annually.  The several species of ware invented by Mr.
+Wedgewood, varied by the industry and ingenuity of the manufacturers into
+an infinity of forms, and differently painted and embellished, constitute
+nearly the whole of the fine earthenwares at present manufactured in
+England, which are the object of a very extensive trade.  The chief towns
+and villages in the Pottery district are, Stoke-upon-Trent, Hanley,
+Burslem, Lane End, Shelton, Etruria, Tunstall, Lane Delph, and others.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Proceeding from Norton Bridge, through some pretty, common-place country,
+we pass Baddenhall, Field Cross, and Brockton-house on the W., and
+Coldmese on the E., and soon gain a view of Swinnerton Park and Hall,
+seat of T. Fitzherbert, Esq., which, with the small grove-like woods
+scattered through the landscape, forms, as the quaint Dugdale would say,
+"a verye faire prospect."  The next small representation of a village is
+Mill Meese, with its old Hall standing close beside the line; the
+water-mill wheel, formerly accustomed to have no rival sound interrupt
+its rumbling, splashing solo, now seems wofully outdone by the rapidly
+rolling trains, and lifts up its unheard voice in vain.  The river Sow
+still flows close to the line.  Westward lie the villages of Walford and
+Aspley, but too much concealed by wood to be discovered in passing.
+Trentham Park, seat of the Marquis of Sutherland, is perceived on the
+N.E.  The mansion is a modern structure; the surrounding grounds are very
+extensive, abound with fine timber, and greatly adorned by lakes, formed
+by the river Trent, which flows through the park.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Standon Church, with the richly wooded country round, forms a pleasing
+object W. of the line.
+
+                        [Picture: Standon Church]
+
+Passing on, another Swinnerton Park appears on the E., there being two of
+that name.  Hill Chorlton and Chapel Chorlton, with the picturesque
+church tower of the latter, appears W. of the traveller.  A short
+distance of pretty wooded scenery intervenes, and then a shallow cutting,
+passing which, Maer Wood is seen on the W.  Maer Hall, seat of J.
+Wedgewood, Esq.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Shortly after, the line enters a deep cutting, which ends at
+
+
+
+WHITMORE STATION.
+
+
+  Distance to Birmingham, 43.25--Liverpool and Manchester, 54.25 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+       _Places W. of Station_.             _Places E. of Station_.
+Maer                       1.75 mile.  NEWCASTLE-UNDER-       5 miles.
+                                       LYME
+Chapel Chorlton              3 miles.  Trentham                   5 --
+Ashley                         3.5 --  Wolstanton               6.5 --
+Standon                          5 --  Shelton                    7 --
+Broughton                      5.5 --  STOKE                      7 --
+Mucklestone or Muxton            6 --  BURSLEM                  7.5 --
+Norton                         7.5 --  HANLEY                   7.5 --
+MARKET DRAYTON                  10 --  Tunstall                 8.5 --
+                                       LANE END                 8.5 --
+                                       Norton-on-the-             9 --
+                                       Moor
+                                       LEEK                      16 --
+
+CHAPTER V.
+WHITMORE TO CREWE,
+Ten and .75 Miles.
+
+
+AN extensive heathy bog is traversed by the line, after leaving Whitmore
+station, and, as we have heard an ancient tradition anent it, will tell
+the tale for the edification of our readers, "extenuating nothing."
+
+    Once upon a time there was a large forest in this part, and when the
+    Romans were amusing themselves with hunting our worthy ancestors, a
+    large body of the ancient Britons took refuge therein.  In order to
+    come at them these terrible Romans set fire to the forest, which
+    burnt in a very fearful and dreadful manner; but our information does
+    not extend to the exact measure of scorching endured by the miserable
+    prisoners within this fiery fence, or whether they escaped by flight,
+    or were consumed wholesale in the burning forest, which, with the
+    accumulation of vegetable matter during past ages, has formed the
+    bog, now "passed with the swiftness of tornado-blast," by "Wildfires"
+    and "Rockets."
+
+Opposite the Bog-house is one of the highest points of the line, the road
+inclining towards Liverpool one way, and towards Birmingham the other.
+Snape Hall is prettily situated among rich woods on the E. of the line;
+and a short distance farther Barr Hill appears on the W.  It is a
+considerable elevation, and on a clear day, Liverpool may be seen from
+it.  Madeley Parks and Manor House lie W. of the line.  The latter is the
+seat of Lady Cunliffe, daughter of Lord Crewe, to whose family, the
+adjoining land, formerly a fine deer park, anciently belonged.  Hay
+House, a small, old, brick building, stands close to the line of railway
+on the E.  One cannot help feeling an odd sort of commiseration for these
+ancient abodes of the last generation, which have stood, and grown old
+and grey, in the once quiet and out-of-the-world nooks where the
+convenience of the farmer, or the retired taste of the small country
+squire, had located them; and now, to see the iron ribs of the innovating
+railroad carried up to their very threshold, has something of sadness in
+it, even in the midst of our modern pride and gratulation.  It is like
+pert youth, exhibiting and vaunting of its strength and valorous deeds,
+to decrepid and helpless age.  But what have we to do with such dreams?
+"Locomotives" wait for no man's fancies, and we must e'en follow their
+course.  Soon after passing which, we reach
+
+
+
+Madeley Station.
+
+
+    Distance to Birmingham, 46--Liverpool and Manchester, 51.5 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+       _Places W. of Station_.          _Places E. of Station_.
+Woore                      2.5 miles.  Betley           3 miles.
+Norton                         5.5 --  NEWCASTLE            5 --
+Mucklestone or Muxton          5.5 --
+Audlem                           7 --
+Adderley                       9.5 --
+Burley Dam                      11 --
+WHITCHURCH                      15 --
+
+THE village, which is rather eastward of the line, consists chiefly of
+cottages and farm houses in the Elizabethan style.  The Church is an
+ancient and interesting structure, with a fine set of bells.  An
+eccentric, named Samuel Stretch, noted for his penurious habits,
+bequeathed, in 1804, a great bell, to be tolled every night at eight
+o'clock, as a guide to persons wandering about at such late and improper
+hours; he having accidently fallen into a ditch, the consequences of
+which disaster eventually caused his death.  The small town of Woore lies
+three miles W.  Passing several slight cuttings, and again gaining the
+open country, a fine prospect appears, including Checkley Wood,
+Doddington Park, on the W., Heighley Castle on the E., and the Welsh
+Hills in the distance.  Doddington Hall, seat of Lieut. Gen. Sir John
+Delves Broughton, Bart., is a splendid mansion of comparatively modern
+erection.  A fortified house was erected here in 1364, by Sir John
+Delves, the venerable ruins of which still remain.  The park is finely
+wooded, and includes a very noble avenue of ancient oaks.  Heighley
+Castle partakes the traditionary honour so lavishly bestowed on such
+places, of having been "battered down" by Cromwell.  It has been said,
+"no man can be in two places at once, unless he be a _bird_."  And our
+renowned Oliver must needs have been wonderfully endowed with this
+ornithological ubiquity, if we are to allow a shade of credence to the
+countless and unaccountable stories of his sieges in _propria persona_.
+A lofty embankment and two viaducts carry the line through the pretty
+valley of Wrinehill; the Hall and Mill forming very pleasing objects in
+the scene.  The line here enters Cheshire.  Betley and Betley Mere form
+the next view, after emerging from a short excavation, called Bunker's
+Hill.  Betley Court, the residence of J. Twemlow, Esq., with its
+surrounding woods and fields, and the pretty mere or lakelet in front,
+afford a very pleasing view.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+In the rear distance, S.E., is a fine view of Boond Hill and Mow Copp, on
+the round summit of the latter is a stone monument, distinctly seen.
+These hills, which lie at a considerable distance, join in the landscape
+for some space.  Chorlton is the first village we pass in Cheshire, and
+Wybunbury, a place of much more importance, is concealed by the woods
+about the former, except the Church, which peers above them.  This Church
+was rebuilt in 1595; it is a spacious structure, with carved wooden
+ceilings, and a lofty pinnacled tower, which leaned so much to the N.E.,
+that a few years since it was found requisite to place it erect, when
+some alterations were made in the body of the Church.  To the W. is
+Basford Hall, soon after passing which, we arrive at
+
+
+
+Basford Station.
+
+
+    Distance to Birmingham, 52--Liverpool and Manchester, 45.5 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+ _Places W. of Station_.       _Place E. of Station_.
+Hough             .5 mile.  Betley               2 miles.
+Wybunbury          1.25 --  Barthomley               3 --
+Walgherton        2 miles.  Audley                   4 --
+Doddington          2.5 --  Alsager                  5 --
+NANTWICH              4 --  Talk                     6 --
+Audlem                5 --  Church Lawton            6 --
+Burley Dam            7 --
+Baddiley              7 --
+Wrenbury              9 --
+
+CREWE HALL, the mansion of Lord Crewe, which appears E. of the line, is a
+large and handsome quadrangular structure of red brick, surrounded by
+finely undulating grounds, and a lake of considerable extent.
+
+
+
+CREWE STATION.
+
+
+    Distance to Birmingham, 54--Liverpool and Manchester, 43.5 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+_Places W. of Station_.     _Places E. of Station_.
+NANTWICH        4 miles.  Haslington          2 miles.
+Acton            5.25 --  SANDBACH                5 --
+Baddiley          7.5 --  Astbury                10 --
+Wrenbury            9 --  CONGLETON              11 --
+MALPAS             17 --  Gawsworth            13.5 --
+                          MACCLESFIELD           19 --
+
+NANTWICH, four miles W. of Crewe, contains 5,350 inhabitants, and has a
+market on Saturdays, and fairs, chiefly for cattle, on March 26, second
+Tuesday in June, September 4, and December 4.
+
+    Previously to the Conquest, the wealth of this place consisted in its
+    numerous brine springs.  Its origin is attributed to the Britons; and
+    its name appears to be derived from the British word _Nant_, a brook
+    or marsh, and the Saxon _vic_, by corruption _wich_, a vill, or
+    settlement.  The latter term seems generally attached to the names of
+    towns where salt is made.  This town has had its full share of
+    plague, pestilence, and war, in times past, and twice suffered
+    greatly from fire, in the years 1438 and 1583.  During the civil war
+    it staunchly supported the parliament.
+
+The town is situated on the banks of the river Weaver, in a level and
+fertile tract of country.  Most of the houses are of timber and brick,
+covered with plaster, with projecting stories, and large bay-windows.
+There is a small Theatre and Assembly-room.  In the time of Henry VIII.,
+there were three hundred salt works; this number has been gradually
+reduced, in consequence of superior mines and springs being discovered
+elsewhere, and now only one spring remains.  Shoes, gloves, and cotton
+goods are the chief manufactures now, and cheese the principal
+agricultural produce.  The Church is a spacious and venerable structure,
+in the decorated and later English styles, comprising a nave, with
+lateral aisles, a chancel, transepts, and an ornamented octagonal tower,
+rising from the intersection.  There are Meetings and Chapels for
+Dissenters, and various Schools.  John Gerarde, whose fine old work,
+called Gerarde's Herbal, is familiar to every botanist, was a native of
+Nantwich, born in 1545.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+CREWE TO HARTFORD,
+Eleven and .75 Miles.
+
+
+QUITTING the Crewe station, around which is little to attract the
+traveller's notice, the line proceeds nearly without a curve, and for
+some distance enables the passengers of one train, to observe the
+approach of another.  A branch railway is in progress from Crewe, to
+Manchester on one side, and to Chester on the other.  The tower of
+Coppenhall Church is the first object on the W.  This Church is an old
+wood and plaster structure, of the style prevalent in the reign of
+Elizabeth, and looking almost as if modern times had forgotten it, so
+quaint and old it is.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Passing the Church and Village, we arrive at
+
+
+
+Coppenhall Station.
+
+
+    Distance to Birmingham, 56--Liverpool and Manchester, 41.5 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+   _Places W. of Station_.        _Places E. of Station_.
+Minshull Moss        2 miles.  Coppenhall Moss       1 mile.
+Lea Green                2 --  Warmingham           3 miles.
+Leighton               2.5 --  SANDBACH                 5 --
+Church Minshull        3.5 --
+Worleston Green        4.5 --
+Acton                  5.5 --
+
+THE country near the line in this part becomes flat, boggy, and
+uninteresting; for though an ancient moss is a scene of uncloying
+interest to a naturalist, and contains many a treasure to reward the
+patient seeking of the botanist; yet, in the cursory glance of a railroad
+traveller, its sombre, and, as he perhaps thinks, unprofitable waste, is
+a scene gladly exchanged for verdant pastures and waving corn fields.
+Here is a whole family of mosses, all lying closely contiguous, and
+quaking under the foot of the pedestrian wanderer among their heathy
+labyrinths, "like a great jelly bag," as the graphic authoress of "Wood
+Leighton," that most graceful, good, and womanly book, quaintly describes
+a like spot.  Coppenhall Moss, Leighton Moss, Warmington Moss, and, for
+aught we know, half a score more, compose the near view, with the welcome
+variety afforded by Warmingham Wood in the distance.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The towns of Sandbach and Congleton lie on the E., but are not seen from
+the line.  The former contains about 7,200 inhabitants.  The market is on
+Thursday, and fairs on Easter Tuesday and Wednesday, and the first
+Thursday after September 11; and a cattle and pleasure fair on December
+27, for cattle and wearing apparel.  In the market-place are some ancient
+crosses, repaired in 1816.  The church is in the later English style.
+There are Dissenting Chapels, and several Schools.  Congleton contains
+9,352 individuals.  It is an ancient place, and is called _Cogletone_ in
+Doomsday Book, but its origin has not been clearly ascertained.  The town
+is situated in a valley, embosomed in richly wooded hills: the eastern
+part is old and irregularly built; the western is modern.  In the
+environs, especially on the banks of the river, are many elegant mansions
+and villas.  The market is on Saturday; the fairs on the Thursday before
+Shrovetide, May 12, July 12, and December 22.  The Market-house,
+containing a handsome Assembly-room, was built in 1822, at the sole
+expense of Sir E. Antrobus, Bart.
+
+
+
+Minshull Vernon Station.
+
+
+  Distance to Birmingham, 58.75--Liverpool and Manchester, 38.75 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+   _Places W. of Station_.       _Places E. of Station_.
+Church Minshull      2 miles.  Warmingham        2.5 miles.
+Bunbury               6.75 --  SANDBACH                5 --
+Tattenhall              12 --
+Harthill             12.25 --
+
+HERE the scenery becomes more interesting, from the distant view afforded
+on the W. of Beeston Castle Hill, and the high lands in Cheshire and
+Wales.
+
+                         [Picture: Beeston Hill]
+
+    Beeston Castle was founded by Ranulph de Blundeville, about 1220, and
+    was made a royal garrison, in the war between Henry III., and the
+    confederate Barons.  In 1643, Beeston Castle was held by a detachment
+    of the Parliamentarian forces, then taken by the Royalists, who were,
+    after a long siege in 1645, compelled, from want of provisions, to
+    surrender it; and the Parliamentarians dismantled it early the
+    following year.  The ruins consist of part of a tower which guarded
+    the principal entrance to the inner court, flanked by semi-circular
+    bastions, and surrounded by a moat, excavated in the solid rock.  The
+    outer walls were defended by eight round towers, irregularly placed,
+    and are now covered with ivy.
+
+On the N.W. appears Delamere Forest, which continues to form part of the
+railroad prospect for some space.  This tract, which includes the ancient
+and royal forest of Delamere, was uninclosed till 1812, when it was
+erected into a parish by act of parliament.  It was formerly a dreary
+waste, but is now rapidly improving in fertility and increased
+population.  On its enclosure, it first gave the title of Baron Delamere
+of Vale Royal, to Thomas Cholmondeley, Esq., the proprietor of the
+ancient possessions of the Cistercian monks of Vale Royal, whose
+sumptuous Abbey was completed in 1330, by Edward I., and cost 32,000.
+There are races in March, called the Tanfield Hunt.
+
+    Delamere Forest, comprising about 10,000 acres, once contained a
+    great number of red and fallow deer: it exhibits a pleasing variety
+    of well-wooded hills, rich valleys for pasturage, waters affording
+    plenty of fish and water-fowl; and mosses, producing an abundance of
+    peat and turf for fuel.  Upon the highest hill stood the Saxon
+    fortress of Finborrow, and near it the city of Eadesbury, both of
+    which are said to have been founded by Ethelfleda, daughter of Alfred
+    the Great.  The ancient residence of the Chief Forester is all that
+    now remains; this house is called the Chamber of the Forest; and at
+    convenient distances around it are neat lodges for the keepers of the
+    several walks.  Five thousand acres of the forest have been planted
+    with forest trees within the last twenty years.  The remaining
+    portion is sold or allotted to private individuals.
+
+Journeying on, we pass Lea Hall, a plain, old-fashioned building, close
+to the line, and can just perceive Over Church above the trees; this part
+of the line being more clothed with wood than that we have recently
+described.  Here the Middlewich Canal is crossed, and is seen on the E.,
+in which direction, two miles from the line, lies the town of Middlewich,
+containing about 4,800 inhabitants, with a market on Thursday, and fairs
+on Holy Thursday, Aug. 25, and Oct. 29.  The name of this town is derived
+from its central situation with respect to the Wiches, or Salt Towns.  A
+Roman station is supposed to have existed here, from the remains of a
+Roman road, and an intrenched camp.  The Royalists were defeated here
+during the civil war, and the same fortune befel the Parliamentarian
+forces subsequently.  The town is divided by the Grand Trunk Canal, here
+crossed by the river Dane; and the rivers Weyer, Croco, and Whelock, also
+run through the parish.  The chief trade consists in salt obtained from
+powerful brine-springs: there are also some silk manufactories.  The
+church, being built at various periods, presents an assemblage of
+different styles of architecture: it has a handsome tower.  Here are also
+dissenting meetings, and a free school, which, like many like
+establishments, fulfils, but in a very limited degree, the intentions of
+its founders.  Delamere Forest and Over Church again form the westerly
+view.
+
+The small straggling town of Over lies about a mile W. of the line; it
+contains 2,930 inhabitants; has no market, but fairs on May 15 and Sept.
+25.  The church was re-built in 1543, by Hugh Starkey, Gentleman Usher to
+Henry VIII., in the later English style of architecture.  An effigy of
+brass in the interior of the church, perpetuates the memory of the pious
+Hugh; a curious font, and some other antiquities, may also be seen.  Salt
+is the chief manufacture.  In the extreme distance on the S.E., a clear
+day allows a tolerable view of the Derbyshire hills from this part of the
+line; Stanthorne Hall, seat of Richard Dutton, Esq., also E., is passed
+immediately before reaching the
+
+
+
+Winsford Station.
+
+
+  Distance to Birmingham, 61.25--Liverpool and Manchester, 36.25 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+   _Places W. of Station_.           _Places E. of Station_.
+Over                 2 miles.  MIDDLEWICH                  2 miles.
+Little Budworth       5.25 --  Brereton cum Smethwick        7.5 --
+TARPORLEY              8.5 --  Swettenham                    9.5 --
+Waverton                15 --  Nether Alderley              14.5 --
+
+BOSTOCK HALL, seat of James France France, Esq., and Wharton, _would_ be
+seen E. from the railroad after leaving the station, but that the line
+enters a shallow cutting; the banks of which hide the view "just at the
+very time when they should not."  An opening gives a glimpse of the woods
+about the house, and that is all.  The next peep is westward again, at
+Moulson: and after passing another cutting (this word _cutting_ is an
+inelegant term, which does not fall into our prose with ease; but we
+cannot avoid it, belonging, as it does, to railroad phraseology) we gain
+a view of Vale Royal Park and New Park on the W., the pleasant woodland
+glades of which are soon shut out by another cutting which takes us
+through Eaton, and by Eaton Hall, seat of Sir E. Antrobus.  We now
+approach one of the most magnificent parts of the railway, and of the
+scenery skirting it; the Vale Royal Viaduct, over which the line passes
+for five hundred feet, and beneath which the river Weaver winds through
+the vale in graceful sweeps, girt with verdant meadows; on the E. it is
+crossed by the simple old bridge, now looking very humble, in the
+presence of its magnificent neighbour.  The viaduct consists of five
+arches of immense span, it is built of a reddish stone, and is a noble
+erection.  The traveller will do well to be alert and on the "look out"
+in this part, or the view will escape him.  Westward lies Vale Royal
+Park, rich in the grandeur of its ancient woods, and nearly hidden among
+them is Delamere Abbey, the old and venerable seat of Lord Delamere.
+Little remains now of the ancient building, which was not, as described
+by Warton in his Elegy, seen "high o'er the trackless heath," but was
+seated in a deep valley on the banks of the river Weaver.  The present
+mansion consists of a centre and two wings of red stone.  The great hall
+is a magnificent apartment.
+
+                      [Picture: Vale Royal Viaduct]
+
+    The marvellous enlightenment of the 19th century, great as we deem
+    it, has not yet penetrated those holes and corners of prejudice and
+    credulity, which serve for the hiding places of superstition, for
+    even in the eye of the Railroad itself are those living who speak
+    with awe of the so-called prophecies, said to be made by the poor
+    driveller Robert Nixon, the Cheshire sage.  It so happens, very
+    oddly, that predictions are sometimes remembered _when_ verified, and
+    not before.  So was the curious and very oracular one of the past
+    year, so often quoted,--
+
+    "A summer without a spring,
+    And an autumn without a king,"
+
+    which no one can deny was very remarkable indeed--only it was too
+    disloyal to be circulated till certainty had secured its truth.  Poor
+    Nixon wishing, doubtlessly, to compliment his patrons, the
+    Cholmondeley family, with a "May-the-king-live-for-ever" kind of
+    benediction, promised that till certain stones or rocks near
+    Warrington came to Vale Royal, the prosperity of their family should
+    continue.  Unluckily, stones have grown locomotive of late, and
+    "Birnam Wood doth come to Dunsinane," for the fatal rocks have become
+    part of the grand viaduct, which, far from bringing ill to the noble
+    Delamere, is a link in the mighty chain now weaving, which shall bind
+    together art, science, talent, wealth, and greatness, for the good of
+    all who are so blessed as to live in the age of RAILROADS.
+
+The line passes through a deep cutting before arriving at the
+
+
+
+HARTFORD STATION.
+
+
+  Distance to Birmingham, 65.75--Liverpool and Manchester, 31.75 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+    _Places W. of Station_.           _Places E. of Station_.
+Newchurch            2.25 miles.  Davenham              1.5 miles.
+Little Budworth           5.5 --  NORTHWICH                   2 --
+TARPORLEY                   8 --  Great Budworth              6 --
+Tarvin                     10 --  NETHER KNUTSFORD            9 --
+Great Barrow               11 --  Rostherne                10.5 --
+Guilden Sutton             13 --  Mobberley                11.5 --
+Waverton                 13.5 --  Wilmslow                 15.5 --
+Christleton              13.5 --
+CHESTER                    16 --
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+HARTFORD TO WARRINGTON,
+Twelve and .25 Miles.
+
+
+PROCEEDING from the Hartford station, the banks of the cutting conceal
+much of the scenery.  The small and scattered village of Gorstage appears
+on the W.  From Hartford station to Acton station the evenness of the
+ground renders a train visible to a spectator, at either place, the
+entire distance.
+
+    The town of Northwich lies two miles E. of the railway; has a market
+    on Friday, and fairs on April 10, for cattle only, August 2, and
+    December 6.  Camden is of opinion, that the brine springs here were
+    used by the Romans, and says, the town was anciently called
+    Hellah-Du, or the Black Salt Town.  The town has a very antique
+    appearance, and contains a church very remarkable for its
+    semi-circular choir, and for the curious decorations of the roof of
+    the nave, which consist of numerous figures of wicker baskets,
+    similar to those used in the process of salt-making.  The commercial
+    prosperity of Northwich, is entirely dependent upon its numerous
+    brine springs and extensive mines of rock salt; in which article the
+    trade is so great, as to produce an annual export of 100,000 tons
+    from the springs alone.  They were discovered at a very early period,
+    and are usually more than one hundred yards in depth.  The brine,
+    being raised by pumps set in motion by steam-engines, is conveyed by
+    pipes into pans, thirty or forty feet square: these are fixed over
+    furnaces, the heat arising from which, causes the water to evaporate,
+    and the salt to crystallise; it is then drained and dried, and is fit
+    for sale.  The mines of rock salt were discovered in 1670, the upper
+    stratum, lying about sixty yards below the surface of the earth, is
+    ten yards thick.  About 1772, a second stratum, ten feet thick, and
+    of superior quality, was discovered, at the depth of one hundred and
+    ten yards, the intermediate space being occupied by a solid mass of
+    stone.  This latter bed alone is worked by the following process:--A
+    shaft is sunk, and on reaching the mine a roof of salt is left,
+    supported by pillars of the same material.  As the excavation
+    proceeds, the fragments are raised in buckets by means of
+    steam-engines.  The pits form an area of two, three, or four acres,
+    and when illuminated, present a singularly beautiful and magnificent
+    appearance; the light being reflected from all points in every
+    variety of hue, as from a promiscuous assemblage of mirrors and
+    prisms.  This fairy palace was the scene of an elegant entertainment,
+    given by the spirited proprietors, to about a hundred of the members
+    of the British Association, during the meeting at Liverpool, in 1837.
+
+    From an account published in 1818, it appeared that 200,000 tons of
+    manufactured salt, and upwards of 40,000 tons of rock salt, were
+    landed at Liverpool during the preceding year, and that upwards of
+    280,000 bushels are annually sold for internal consumption, by far
+    the greatest proportion having been obtained in this neighbourhood;
+    since that period the business has materially increased.  The river
+    Weaver and the Grand Trunk Canal afford great facilities for
+    water-carriage from Northwich; and three hundred vessels are employed
+    in the salt trade alone, which return laden with coal.
+
+Passing through one or two slight cuttings, the line commands a fine view
+of Grange Hall, which stands on a well-wooded hill, near to the railway
+on the W.  Eastward, is the village of Weaverham, and Winnington Hall,
+and, in the distance, the Overton Hills.  The cutting at Acton Heath
+terminates near the
+
+
+
+Acton Station.
+
+
+  Distance to Birmingham, 68.25--Liverpool and Manchester, 29.25 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+   _Places W. of Station_.         _Places E. of Station_.
+Crowton              1.5 mile.  Weaverham             1 mile.
+Cuddington             1.75 --  Barnton              3 miles.
+Kingsley              3 miles.  Great Budworth           5 --
+Delamere House          3.5 --
+Tarvin                10.25 --
+
+HAVING left Acton, the prospect is much impeded for some distance by the
+frequent cuttings through which the line passes; in the intervals, the
+Overton Hills appear on the W.  Aston Hall (seat of the late H. C. Aston,
+Esq.) and grounds are shortly seen on the E., and immediately in front
+lies Dutton Wood.  The traveller now approaches the magnificent viaduct
+crossing the river Weaver and the valley of Dutton.
+
+    This gigantic structure exceeds in magnitude anything of the kind yet
+    accomplished in this country, or perhaps in Europe, not even
+    excepting the Menai Bridge.  The Viaduct is of the Gothic order,
+    formed of red sand-stone procured from the neighbourhood of Bolton
+    and Runcorn; it consists of twenty arches, of sixty feet span, and
+    sixty feet in height, and the battlements add twelve feet more to the
+    height; the whole length is 1,400 feet: 700,000 cubic feet of stone
+    have been used in the work--the whole cost was 50,000.
+
+The grandeur of this stupendous work is greatly enhanced by the richness
+and beauty of the adjacent country.
+
+                        [Picture: Dutton Viaduct]
+
+    _Completion of the Dutton Viaduct_.  On Friday, January 9, 1837, was
+    performed the ceremony of laying the last, or key stone, of the
+    magnificent viaduct across the Weaver, at Dutton.  A party of the
+    directors from Liverpool attended, and were met by Mr. Locke, the
+    engineer, and the resident engineers and contractors on the line.
+    Mr. Heyworth, as the senior director present, after placing the last
+    stone in its bed, addressed the party.  He congratulated the workmen
+    (of whom about one hundred and fifty were present) on their steady
+    perseverance and diligence in bringing to perfection so noble a work:
+    he rejoiced to find, that, in the erection of this, the greatest and
+    first structure of its kind in the kingdom, no life or limb had been
+    sacrificed.  Mr. Locke, the engineer, and the Rev. W. Stanhope, also
+    addressed the meeting.  The health of the workmen was then given by
+    Mr. Locke, amid hearty cheers.  In the evening, the viaduct was
+    illuminated with torches, and fireworks were displayed in great
+    abundance; during which time the workmen were regaled with a good
+    dinner and excellent cheer.--_Chester Courant_.
+
+The traveller who would enjoy glimpses of railroad views, must bear in
+mind the velocity of his conveyance, and prepare to "see whatever can be
+seen," or the most important objects will have glanced by the windows of
+his comfortable locomotive arm-chair coach, before any second person can
+warn him of their presence.  Emerging from a cutting, which immediately
+succeeds the viaduct, Dutton Hall is observed on the E. backed by wood.
+A short distance farther, a fine rear-view is obtained (only by outside
+passengers we fear) of the Weaver, the vale of Dutton, Cogshall Park
+beyond, and in the distance the range of Derbyshire Hills.  Passing
+between Bird Wood and Dutton Wood, we reach the tunnel at Preston Brook,
+110 yards in length, over which the Chester road passes.
+
+
+
+Preston Brook Station.
+
+
+    Distance to Birmingham, 72.5--Liverpool and Manchester, 25 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+     _Places W. of Station_.
+FRODSHAM                 3 miles.
+Ince                       9.5 --
+Plemondstall              10.5 --
+Thornton Le Moors         11.5 --
+Guilden Sutton            11.5 --
+Stoak or Stoke            12.5 --
+Chester                     13 --
+Backford                    14 --
+
+PRESTON, though a small place, is one of considerable traffic, from its
+vicinity to the salt districts, and to the Grand Trunk Canal.
+
+    Frodsham lies three miles W. of the line at this part; it has a
+    market on Saturday, and fairs on May 15, and August 21.  The
+    principal branch of trade is salt refining, besides which, there are
+    flour mills and cotton factories.  This place is mentioned in
+    Doomsday Book, as being the property of the Earl of Chester.  The
+    town, situated on an eminence on the banks of the Weaver, near its
+    confluence with the Mersey, consists of a broad street, a mile in
+    length; at the E. end is a bridge of four arches over the Weaver, and
+    at the W. end anciently stood a Norman castle; another street leads
+    to the Church, an ancient structure, partly in the Norman style of
+    architecture.
+
+Norton Priory, the residence of Sir Richard Brooke, Bart., is seen on the
+W.  A religious establishment formerly existed here, some ancient parts
+of which are included in the present mansion.  The Duke of Bridgewater's
+canal runs through the park.  In the rear of Norton Priory, as seen from
+the railway, is the now busy and important town of Runcorn, containing
+10,326 inhabitants.
+
+    In 915, Ethelfleda, sister to King Edward the Elder, widow of
+    Ethelred, King of Mercia, built a town and castle near the river
+    Mersey, at this place, some traces of which are still visible.  In
+    1133, William Fitz Nigel founded here a monastery of canons regular,
+    which, in the reign of Stephen, was removed to Norton Priory above
+    mentioned.
+
+Runcorn is a place of considerable resort for bathing, and has been
+recently much enlarged, and improved by handsome buildings, &c.  The
+township abounds with fine stone quarries, from which great quantities
+are sent by water to Liverpool, Manchester, &c.  Here are extensive
+chemical and soap works, in connexion with which a chimney of 273 feet in
+height, and of great beauty, has recently been erected.  The church is in
+the early and later styles of English architecture.  Near Runcorn are the
+fine ruins of Halton Castle, situated on a steep eminence, and commanding
+an extensive and beautifully varied prospect, including the Mersey
+estuary, the Welsh mountains, and richly-wooded scenery in Cheshire and
+Lancashire.  This fortress was demolished during the civil wars.
+Eastward, passing Keakwick, and Daresbury, where is a fine old church,
+The Elms appear.  Passing which we arrive at
+
+
+
+Moore Station.
+
+
+    Distance to Birmingham, 75--Liverpool and Manchester, 22.5 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+    _Places W. of Station_.         _Places E. of Station_.
+Halton               3.5 miles.  Daresbury          1.25 mile.
+Lower Runcorn              4 --  Hatton                2.25 --
+Higher Runcorn           4.5 --  Stretton              3.75 --
+Weston                     5 --  Grappenhall            4.5 --
+
+THE pretty village of Moore is not seen from the line.  Richly-wooded
+country lies on either side the road now, and occasionally peeping
+through the trees, the masts of vessels passing on the Mersey may be
+observed.  The Mersey Viaduct is next traversed.  This, though far less
+grand in appearance than the Dutton Viaduct, is a fine erection of 200
+yards in length, consisting of twelve arches, nine being small, and three
+of larger span, beneath which the river Mersey, and the Mersey and Irwell
+Canal pass.  Shortly after leaving the viaduct the town of Warrington is
+seen on the E., and westward lies Penketh, and the small white buildings
+at Fiddler's Ferry.
+
+
+
+WARRINGTON STATION.
+
+
+    Distance to Birmingham, 78--Liverpool and Manchester, 19.5 miles.
+
+     DISTANCES BY ROADS FROM THIS STATION TO THE FOLLOWING PLACES:--
+
+   _Places E. of Station_.
+Grappenhall        3.5 miles.
+Lymm                   5.5 --
+Warburton                8 --
+Bowdon               11.75 --
+ALTRINGHAM              12 --
+
+WARRINGTON forms a pleasing view from the approaching trains.
+
+    It contains 19,155 inhabitants, and is by some writers supposed to
+    have been originally a British town, and on the invasion of the
+    Romans under Agricola, in 79, to have been converted into a Roman
+    station.  This supposition rests chiefly on the circumstances of
+    three Roman roads tending hitherwards to a ford over the Mersey; the
+    vestiges of a castrum and fosse, still discernable; and the discovery
+    of Roman coins and other relics near the ford.  On its occupation by
+    the Saxons, it obtained the name of _Weringtun_, from _Waering_, a
+    fortification, and _tun_, a town.  The river was passed by ford till
+    1496, when Thomas, first Earl of Derby, erected a stone bridge in
+    compliment to Henry VII., when on his visit to Latham and Knowsley.
+    In the reign of Henry VIII., Leland, speaking of Warrington, says,
+    "It is a pavid towne of prety bignes, the paroche chirce is at the
+    tayle of the towne; it is a better market than Manchestre."  In the
+    civil wars of 1643, the Royalists of the place betook themselves to
+    the _church_, which they fortified, but the Parliamentarian battery
+    dislodged them from their military sanctuary.  The town is pleasantly
+    situated on the Mersey; the streets are chiefly narrow, but contain
+    some good buildings.
+
+Prior to the construction of the railroad between Liverpool and
+Manchester, seventy stage-coaches passed through Warrington daily; now
+only _four_ run.  The manufactures comprise muslin, calico, velveteen,
+sailcloth, (which was formerly the staple trade,) pins, files, hardware,
+glass, malt, soap, and ale of strength and quality renowned.  Railways,
+rivers, and canals, facilitate trade materially.  The market days are
+Wednesday and Saturday; the fairs commence July 18 and November 30,
+continuing ten days.  There are cloth halls, and various public
+buildings, and a fine old church, dedicated to St. Helen; the
+architecture exhibits traces of various styles and periods.  Two ancient
+sepulchral chapels remain, and contain some magnificent monuments of the
+Boteler, Massey, and Patten families.  There are two other churches, and
+various dissenting chapels and meetings, Free Grammar School, Blue Coat
+School, and many others, also Hospitals and other excellent institutions.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+WARRINGTON TO NEWTON JUNCTION,
+Four and .75 Miles.
+
+
+PASSING on from Warrington, the line commands a view W. of Busey Hall,
+(seat of Lord Lilford,) a fine old mansion, surrounded by wood; a little
+farther, is Burton Wood and Bold Heath and Park, (seat of Sir Henry
+Houghton,) also on the W., Orford Hall (seat of Hon. Mrs. Hornby) on the
+E., and Billinge Beacon Hill N.W.  The spire of Winwick Church is seen
+shortly before arriving at
+
+
+
+Winwick Station,
+
+
+which, though not mentioned in the Company's list, has, since the opening
+of the railway, been used as a station, for the accommodation of persons
+in the vicinity.
+
+                        [Picture: Winwick Church]
+
+    Winwick Church is a beautiful and ancient edifice, with a lofty
+    spire; and is said to be coeval with the establishment of the
+    Christian religion in this country.
+
+                        [Picture: Winwick Church]
+
+    Winwick Hall, residence of the Rector and Lord of the Manor, the Rev.
+    J. J. Hornby, is near the church.  This living is one of the
+    wealthiest in the kingdom.  Between the village of Winwick and town
+    of Newton, is an elevated piece of ground, called Red Bank, from its
+    having been, in 1648, the scene of a battle between Oliver Cromwell
+    and the Scots, when the latter were defeated with great slaughter.
+
+A short distance brings us to the
+
+                             Newton Junction.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+NEWTON JUNCTION TO LIVERPOOL.
+Fourteen and .75 Miles.
+
+
+HAVING to describe the railroad branches to Liverpool and Manchester, we
+shall now continue our account along the Liverpool part of the line, and
+in the next Chapter take the "Newton to Manchester" portion.  Leaving the
+Newton Junction, and turning to the left, the E. becomes North, and the
+W. we must call South.  The constant traffic on the Liverpool and
+Manchester line, and the numerous trains journeying to and fro, render it
+a much more busy and stirring scene than the Birmingham railroad is at
+present.
+
+    The Grand Junction Company rent the use of this Liverpool and
+    Manchester railway at 20,000 per annum.  The exact length of the
+    Liverpool and Manchester railway, from the station, Lime-street,
+    Liverpool, to Water-street, Manchester, is thirty miles and three
+    quarters, and thirty yards.
+
+A short distance from the Junction is the Sankey Viaduct, a grand and
+stupendous work; the arches are nine in number, and fifty feet span; the
+embankments leading to and from it, are from sixty to eighty feet above
+the level country.  Newton Common and Race-ground, the stand on which is
+a conspicuous object, lie to the N., with the Billinge hills behind,
+Burton Wood S., and the Sankey Canal winds along from either side.  After
+passing
+
+
+
+Collin's Green Station
+
+
+Bold Hall (seat of Sir Henry Houghton) appears to the S., and we soon
+enter on the Parr Moss, passing the Sutton copper works on the N.
+
+
+
+St. Helen's and Runcorn Junction Station.
+
+
+HERE the St. Helen's line branches to the N., and the Runcorn Gap
+Railway, S.  Shirley Hall lies on the N. side.  On the S., is the
+Engine-house, where an engine is stationed to assist trains in ascending
+the Sutton inclined plane.  Proceeding through the Sutton cutting, and
+under several fine arches, the
+
+
+
+Lea Green Station, (top of Sutton incline,)
+
+
+at the summit of the elevation, is gained, and Rainhill level entered
+upon.  The village of Sutton and Grove Hall are nearly hidden from view
+by the surrounding trees.
+
+
+
+Kendrick's Cross Station, Rainhill.
+
+
+FROM Rainhill station the line passes through a short cutting, and then
+descends the Whiston inclined plane.  Prescot Church is on the N. side,
+with Ellsby Hills and Halton Castle on the S.
+
+                    [Picture: Prescot Town And Church]
+
+The town of Prescot, one mile N. of the line, lies principally on a
+substratum of coal, several mines of which are excavated to its very
+edge.  The district has long been noted for the superior construction of
+watch tools and motion-work.  The drawing of pinion-wire originated here;
+and small files, considered to be of great excellence, are made and
+exported in large quantities.  Coarse earthenware, especially sugar
+moulds, are here made from the clay of the neighbourhood, which is
+particularly adapted to the purpose.  The plate-glass works at Ravenhead
+are very extensive and celebrated.  The concave and convex mirrors, and
+large plate-glass, being equal, if not superior to any produced on the
+Continent.  The Church is ancient; the spire, which was rebuilt in 1789,
+is 156 feet high, and is a fine object from the railroad.  In the Church
+are several monuments, one by Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A., is of great
+beauty.  John Philip Kemble, the tragedian, was born at Prescot, in 1757.
+The view of the Cheshire hills in the southward distance, is rich and
+extensive.
+
+    Knowsley Park, seat of the Earl of Derby, appears on the N.  The
+    mansion has evidently been erected at different periods; its most
+    ancient part is of stone, and is said to have been raised by the
+    first Earl of Derby, for the reception of his son-in-law, King Henry
+    VII., in whose honours the Earl had been mainly instrumental.  Great
+    enlargement and decoration of the mansion took place on occasion of
+    this royal visit: a handsome stone bridge was thrown across the
+    Mersey at Warrington, and an embankment or causeway thrown up across
+    the marshes to the rising ground on the Cheshire side.  Many valuable
+    and interesting pictures adorn the mansion, which is surrounded by a
+    beautiful park.
+
+Several coal, lime, and marble works are passed on either side; and while
+traversing the Huyton embankment, Preston church, the Hazels, seat of
+Joseph Birch, Esq., and the church and village of Huyton are observed on
+the N.  On the S. appears Childwall park, hall, and church; beyond, is
+Woolton hall, seat of N. Ashton, Esq.; the whole scene finely wooded.
+
+
+
+Huyton Gate and Roby-lane Gate Stations
+
+
+are shortly passed; the village of Roby lies S. of the line, and closely
+adjoining it.  Proceeding onwards, along a pleasant but not very
+interesting part, Summer-hill house is seen, the seat of Thomas Case,
+Esq.; also, the little church of Notting Ash and Childwall hall, a seat
+of the Marquis of Salisbury.
+
+
+
+Broad Green Station.
+
+
+A FEW yards from the station, on the N. side, is a place for the landing
+of cattle, sheep, &c.  The line now enters the Olive Mount excavation,
+which is an immense chasm, cut in the solid rock, to the depth of from 50
+to 70 feet, the precipitous rock forming a grand wall on either side.
+The village of Wavertree lies S. of the line, after emerging from the
+Olive Mount ravine; Spekelands, the residence of Mrs. Earle, lies also on
+the S., and on the N. is the residence of C. Lawrence, Esq. Here the
+Liverpool tunnels commence; one, for conveying passengers, &c., into the
+Company's station-yard in Lime-street, turns off on the right hand, and
+is 2,230 yards long, 25 feet wide, and 17 feet high.  The other, for the
+conveyance of goods, direct to the docks, in a straighter continuation of
+the line, is 2,250 yards long, 22 feet wide, and 16 feet high.  Engines
+are stationed on each side of the line at this part, each of forty-horse
+power, to draw the trains up the inclined plane of the tunnel, in coming
+out of Liverpool, and let them down on their arrival from Birmingham.
+The locomotive engines being attached to and detached from the trains at
+this station.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+"A Friend to Railways," in a letter to the Editor of the Railway
+Magazine, May 1838, thus describes the mode of drawing the trains up the
+inclined plane:--
+
+    "At the upper end of the tunnel, which is 2,250 yards long, there is
+    one pair of engines on each side of the road; it being found that a
+    much more regular motion is given by this means to the carriages.
+    The engines are high-pressure, with side-levers, similar to marine
+    engines; the connecting-rods, however, are reversed, and work the
+    crank downwards, and are connected to a horizontal shaft of great
+    strength running across and under the road in a tunnel, upon which
+    shaft a large drum-wheel is placed that works the rope.  In each
+    engine-house is a raised platform, upon which the man stands who
+    works the engines; this platform leads to a balcony on the outside of
+    the engine-house, from which the man can look down the mouth of the
+    tunnel; a signal is given by means of an air-pipe running through the
+    tunnel, so formed at the upper end as to produce a sound when the air
+    is forced into it from the lower extremity.  This, I believe, is the
+    invention of Mr. King, of Liverpool.  The engine-man on hearing the
+    signal, opens the steam-cock, and the engines start instantly.  This
+    work was designed by Mr. Grantham, of the foundery of Messrs. Mather
+    and Dickson, of Liverpool, where the machinery was constructed."
+
+Having now given an account of the whole journey, we must proceed to a
+brief history and memoir of Liverpool itself.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+LIVERPOOL.
+
+
+LIVERPOOL is an ancient sea-port, borough, and market town, 205 miles
+from London, containing 205,964 inhabitants, exclusive of 10,000 seamen.
+
+    Of its remote antiquity but little can be asserted, amidst the great
+    contrariety of opinion which is held on this subject.  Liverpool is
+    not noticed in any of the Roman Itinera, neither does the name occur
+    in the Norman survey.  After the conquest it was granted by William,
+    to Roger de Poictiers, together with all the land between the Ribble
+    and the Mersey, and subsequently forfeited.  It was thereupon granted
+    to the Earls of Chester; and on forfeiture by their descendants, to
+    Edmund, son of Henry III., as parcel of the honour of Lancaster; and
+    it remained an integral part of the duchy possessions, until its
+    alienation by Charles I., in 1628.
+
+    Various opinions have been hazarded regarding the etymology of the
+    name, without reference to the most ancient documents in which it has
+    been discovered.  John, whilst Earl of Moreton, and in possession of
+    the honour of Lancaster, confirmed a grant made by his father, Henry
+    II., to Warin de Lancaster, of _Liverpul_, with other places, under a
+    certain _reddendum_.  In subsequent records it is written _Lyrpul_,
+    _Lythyrpul_, &c., signifying, probably, in the ancient dialect of
+    this country, the "lower pool."  Some deduce its etymology from a
+    pool frequented by an aquatic fowl, called a "Liver," or from a
+    sea-weed of that name; others, and with much more reason, from the
+    ancient British word _Lir_, "the sea," and a spreading water or pool,
+    viz., the sea pool, or sea-water pool.
+
+    Camden says the Castle was built by Roger de Poictiers, in 1089; it
+    certainly was erected at a very early period.  In October, 1323,
+    Edward II. dates his orders, &c., from Liverpool Castle; and in
+    April, 1358, Henry, Duke of Lancaster, resided there for a month.  It
+    was demolished by order of Parliament, during the commonwealth, and
+    in 1715, its site was granted by Queen Anne, to the corporation, who
+    built St. George's Church upon it.  On King John ascending the
+    throne, at his brother's death, he again came into possession of the
+    honour of Lancaster, and granted a charter to the town of Liverpool,
+    which Henry III., in 1229, confirmed, made the town a free borough,
+    instituted a guild merchant, and granted additional privileges.
+    These charters have been confirmed, and further ones granted by
+    succeeding sovereigns.  The several mandates for fitting-out and
+    providing vessels for the royal service, addressed by Edward II. and
+    III., and subsequent kings, afford proof of its then being a place of
+    extensive trade at this early period; and the fact of the royal order
+    for the prohibition of the export of grain, in the time of Richard
+    III., being transmitted to Liverpool only, is also a proof of its
+    then being the only shipping port in the country.  Leland, in 1558,
+    described it thus: "_Lyrpole_, alias _Lyrpoole_, a pavid towne, hath
+    but a chapel, Walton, a iiii miles off, not far from the se, is
+    paroche chirche.  The king hath a castell there, and the Earle of
+    Darbe hath a stone house there.  Irisch marchants cum much thither,
+    as to a good haven.  After that Mersey water cumming towards Runcorne
+    in Cheshire liseth among the commune people the name, and is Lyrpole.
+    At Lyrpole is smaule costume payid that causith merchants to resorte.
+    Good marchaundis at Lyrpole, and much Irisch yarn that Manchester men
+    do by ther."  Liverpool appears to have declined, probably from the
+    baneful influences of the wars of York and Lancaster, until the
+    latter part of the reign of Elizabeth, when, in a petition from the
+    inhabitants to the Queen, it is described as "Her Majesty's poor
+    decayed town of Liverpool."  Its poverty may be understood from the
+    fact, that when Charles I. levied his iniquitous and despotic tax of
+    ship money, this town was rated at 26 only, while Bristol was rated
+    at 1,000.  In the civil war Liverpool was alternately held by the
+    Parliamentarians, taken by Prince Rupert, and retaken by the
+    Parliament.  In the reign of William III., that monarch, with part of
+    his train, embarked at this port for Ireland, previously to the
+    battle of the Boyne; and regiments and privateer vessels were here
+    equipped against the Pretender and the French.
+
+    Times and manners are somewhat changed here since 1617, when one of
+    the orders of the common-council demanded, "that every council-man
+    shall come to council _clean-shaved_, and in his long clothes."
+    Slander and gossip were very severely punished by the civic
+    dignitaries, it being a law, "that if any man speak ill of the mayor,
+    he shall lose his freedom."
+
+The most important feature in the history of this place, is the
+extraordinary rapidity with which it has risen into a degree of splendour
+and importance, without example in the history of any commercial country.
+Among the causes which have produced its elevation to a rank but
+partially inferior to the metropolis, are, its situation on the shore of
+a noble river, which expands into a wide estuary; its proximity to the
+Irish coast; its central position with respect to the United Kingdom; its
+intimate connexion with the principal manufacturing districts, and with
+every part of the kingdom, by numerous rivers, canals, and railroads, and
+the persevering industry and enterprising spirit of its inhabitants.
+Without the romance, we may see among them the reality of the
+merchant-nobles of Genoa and Venice; and the grandeur which pervades the
+modern buildings of our English port may scarcely be outvied in
+stateliness, and certainly not in fitness and utility, by any palace-city
+of the past.
+
+As we passed along the busy quays of these crowded docks, and thought of
+the wealth conveyed by the winged couriers of the ocean there
+congregated, the following gorgeous lines in Marlow's Jew of Malta,
+occurred to us: perhaps the expectant owners of argosies bound
+hitherward, deal not quite so largely as the poet's Croesus, in jewelled
+treasures; but we cannot very honestly change amethysts into tobacco, nor
+bags of fiery opals into bales of cotton wool; the circumstances of the
+case may therefore be allowed to vary a little, without our transposing
+the terms:--
+
+    "As for those Samnites, and the men of Uzz,
+    That bought my Spanish oils, and wines of Greece,
+    Here have I purst their paltry silverlings,
+    Fie! what a trouble 'tis to count this trash!
+    Give me the merchants of the Indian mines,
+    That trade in metal of the purest gold;
+    The wealthy Moor, that in the eastern rocks
+    Without control can pick his riches up,
+    And in his house keep pearls like pebble stones;
+    Receive them free, and sell them by the weight:
+    Bags of fiery opals, sapphires, amethysts,
+    Jacinths, hard topaz, grass-green emeralds,
+    Beauteous rubies, sparkling diamonds,
+    And seld' seen costly stones of so great price,
+    As one of them, indifferently rated,
+    And of a caract of this quality
+    May serve, in peril of calamity
+    To rescue great kings from captivity.
+    This is the ware wherein consists my wealth,
+    And thus methinks, should men of judgment frame
+    Their means of traffic from the vulgar trade,
+    And as their wealth increaseth, so inclose
+    Infinite riches in a little room.
+    But now--how stands the wind?
+    Into what corner peers my halcyon's bill?
+    Ha! to east? yes:--see how stands the vane?
+    East and by south, why then I hope my ships
+    I sent from Egypt, and the bordering isles,
+    Are gotten up by Nilus' winding banks:
+    Mine argosies from Alexandria,
+    Loaden with spice and silks, now under sail
+    Are smoothly gliding down by Candy shore
+    To Malta, through our Mediterranean sea."
+
+We have, ere this, noted many a merchant (not of Venice) to whom we have
+mentally applied Salarino's words to Antonio; and few will grudge the
+space we here occupy, by a quotation so apt and beautiful:--
+
+    "_Salorino_.  Your mind is tossing on the ocean;
+    There, where your argosies with portly sail,
+    Like seigniors and rich burghers of the flood,
+    Or, as it were, the pageants of the sea,--
+    Do overpeer the petty traffickers,
+    That curtsey to them, do them reverence,
+    As they fly by them with their woven wings.
+                   --My wind, cooling my broth,
+    Would blow me to an ague, when I thought
+    What harm a wind too great might do at sea.
+    I should not see the sandy hour-glass run,
+    But I should think of shallows and of flats,
+    And see my wealthy Andrew docked in sand,
+    Vailing her high-top lower than her ribs,
+    To kiss her burial.  Should I go to church,
+    And see the holy edifice of stone,
+    And not bethink me straight of dangerous rocks?
+    Which touching but my gentle vessel's side,
+    Would scatter all her spices on the stream,
+    Enrobe the rolling waters with my silks,
+    And, in a word, but even now worth this,
+    And now worth nothing.  Shall I have the thought
+    To think on this; and shall I lack the thought
+    That such a thing be-chanced, would make me sad?
+    But, tell not me; I know, Antonio
+    Is sad to think upon his merchandise.
+    _Antonio_.  Believe me, No; I thank my fortune for it,
+    My ventures are not in one bottom trusted,
+    Nor to one place: nor is my whole estate
+    Upon the fortune of this present year:
+    Therefore my merchandise makes me not sad."
+
+                                                               SHAKSPEARE.
+
+    The commerce of the port may be divided into three branches: first,
+    the trade with Ireland, whence a variety of produce, chiefly grain,
+    cattle, &c., is imported, the gross value of which has amounted
+    annually to 4,497,708, exclusive of linen and manufactured wares.
+    Liverpool enjoys about two-fifths of the Irish trade.  The chief
+    exports are British manufactured goods, salt, coal, and general
+    merchandise.  The second principal branch of trade is that with the
+    United States of America, of which it engrosses more than
+    three-fourths of the whole commerce of the kingdom.  The chief import
+    is cotton wool, and from this port Manchester and the manufacturing
+    districts are supplied with the raw material.  Tobacco is also
+    imported to an _alarming_ extent.  The average quantity annually
+    introduced for the contamination of our atmosphere, being 7,623
+    _hogsheads_--what a fearful store of materials for smoking the
+    brains, and dusting the nostrils of our fellow-creatures!  A great
+    quantity of American flour is also imported.  The third branch of the
+    trade is that with the West Indies, which commenced about the middle
+    of the seventeenth century, and which was previously engrossed by
+    London and Bristol.  Sugar, rum, and coffee, are the chief luxuries
+    we receive thence through the other ports.  The trade with the East
+    Indies is smaller; the imports are cotton, indigo, hides, ginger,
+    pepper, and sugar.  With the ports of the Mediterranean and Levant
+    seas, Liverpool has considerable traffic, importing wine, fruits,
+    lemon and lime juice, olive and other oils, barilla, and brimstone.
+    From Egypt is brought cotton; and from the Baltic sea-ports, timber,
+    tallow, &c.  The gross receipts of the customs at this port alone,
+    exceed the sum derived from the nine other principal ports of the
+    three kingdoms (London excepted), viz., Bristol, Hull, Newcastle,
+    Leith, Glasgow, Greenock, Dublin, Belfast, and Cork.  Vessels from,
+    and bound to, all parts of the globe, are congregated here; and there
+    is scarcely a place in the world accessible to the British flag, to
+    which a ready conveyance is not afforded from this enterprising port.
+
+The harbour is capacious and secure: at the entrance of the river is the
+Black Rock Lighthouse, erected on a point of rock on the western coast.
+A floating light is also placed eleven miles seaward from the mouth of
+the river.
+
+For the security of the shipping in the port, and for the greater
+facility of loading and unloading merchandise, immense ranges of docks
+and warehouses, extending upwards of two miles along the eastern bank of
+the river, have been constructed, on a scale of unparalleled
+magnificence; and forming one of those characteristics of commercial
+greatness in which this town is unrivalled.  The docks are of three
+kinds:--the wet docks, which are chiefly for ships of great burden,
+employed in the foreign trade, and which float in them at all states of
+the tide, the water being retained by gates; the dry docks, so called
+because they are left dry when the tide is out, are chiefly appropriated
+to coasting vessels; and the graving docks, which admit or exclude the
+water at pleasure, are adapted to the repair of ships, during which they
+are kept dry, and when completed are floated out by admitting the tide.
+The Canning Dock is chiefly occupied by sloops from the north coast,
+which import corn, provisions, and slate, and convey back the produce of
+the Mediterranean, the West Indies, Portugal, and the Baltic: it has a
+quay 500 yards in length.  The Salthouse Dock is for vessels in the
+Levant, Irish, and coasting trades: the quay is 759 yards in extent.
+George's Dock has a quay 1001 yards in length.  The King's Dock is
+appropriated to vessels from Virginia and other parts, laden with
+tobacco; which article is exclusively landed here, and occupies a range
+of warehouses 575 feet in length, and 239 in depth.  The Queen's Dock,
+470 yards long, with a spacious quay, is chiefly occupied by vessels
+freighted with timber, and by those employed in the Dutch and Baltic
+trades.  The Brunswick Dock is larger than any of the preceding, and
+receives vessels laden with timber.  Prince's Dock is 500 yards in
+length, with spacious quays, and along the west side is a beautiful
+marine parade, 750 yards long, and eleven wide, defended by a stone
+parapet wall, from which is a delightful view of the river and the
+shipping: it is much frequented as a promenade.  To the westward of these
+are the Clarence Dock and Basin, appropriated solely to the use of the
+steam vessels trading to and from the port: there are several smaller
+docks, and considerable additions are contemplated.  When these are
+completed, the whole range of docks will be two miles and 820 yards in
+length, exclusively of the openings to the several docks: the total area
+of water space contained in them is upwards of ninety statute acres, and
+the extent of the quays in lineal measure is 12,511 yards, or upwards of
+seven miles; yet spacious as they are, they are still considered
+inadequate to the increasing commerce of the port.  Several ranges of
+commodious baths are situated in the vicinity of the docks; there are
+hot, cold, floating, and medicated vapour baths.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The new Custom-house is a superb and beautiful edifice, in the Grecian
+style of architecture, 454 feet in length, 224 in depth, with three
+principal fronts of great magnificence.  The Exchange buildings, erected
+by the late Mr. John Forster, form sides of a quadrangular area, in the
+centre of which is a monument to the memory of Lord Nelson.  The north
+front of the Hall forms the fourth side of this square.  This is a
+stately and magnificent structure in the Grecian style, with four elegant
+fronts, and contains on the ground floor a council-room, and apartments
+for the mayor, town clerk, pensioners, and corporation.  The grand
+staircase leads into a spacious saloon, splendidly decorated with royal
+portraits by Lawrence, Hopner, Phillips, &c.  Two spacious ball-rooms,
+and two richly furnished drawing rooms, decorated with marble pillars,
+chandeliers, &c., are entered from the saloon.  A grand banquet-room,
+refectory, &c., &c., fitted up with great taste and splendour, are also
+comprised in this grand suite of apartments.  The Public Subscription
+Libraries are numerous and well selected.  The Athenaeum contains a
+news-room and an extensive library.  The Lyceum is a handsome edifice of
+the Ionic order; contains a library, coffee-room, lecture, and
+committee-rooms.  The Union News-room, Exchange News-room, Medical and
+Law Libraries, are all well supported.  The Royal Institution is a
+spacious and handsome edifice, containing on the ground floor, lecture,
+reading, and school-rooms; on the first floor, a large room for the
+Literary and Philosophical Society, a library, museum, spacious
+exhibition rooms for the Liverpool Academy of painting, &c.  On the roof
+is an observatory, and behind are a laboratory and a theatre for chemical
+and philosophical experiments.  This institution was formed in 1814, for
+the advancement of literature, science, and the arts; and the members
+were incorporated by royal charter, in 1822.  Professors, lecturers, and
+masters are appointed by the society.  The Botanic Gardens near Edge
+Hill, and the Zoological Gardens, are valuable additions to the rational
+and profitable amusements of the inhabitants.  There is a Theatre,
+Amphitheatre, and Circus, the former for the drama, the two latter for
+equestrian performances and pantomimes.  The Wellington Rooms, for balls,
+are admirably adapted for such gay scenes.  The summer races in July
+continue four days, the course lies five miles to the N.E. of the town.
+The grand stand is capable of accommodating 2,000 persons.  The chartered
+market days are Wednesday and Saturday, and for corn, Tuesday and Friday.
+The Market-houses are numerous, handsome, and commodious.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The corporation of Liverpool have an income of above 100,000 per annum, a
+great portion of which is expended in the improvement of the port and
+embellishment of the town.  The Churches of the Establishment are about
+twenty-four in number, some of them of great architectural beauty.  In
+addition to the Churchyards, there are two extensive Cemeteries, one near
+Edge-hill; the other occupying a large tract of ground, excavated as a
+quarry for stone used in the building of the docks, and converted into a
+depository for the dead, at an expense of 21,000; it is tastefully laid
+out, and has a suitable chapel for the performance of the funeral
+service.  The buildings dedicated to religious purposes by the several
+sects of Dissenters, are about forty in number, some of them of
+considerable beauty.  The Public Schools are very numerous, and so well
+supported as to render them valuably and most extensively useful.  That
+for the indigent blind, was established in 1791; 120 pupils now receive
+instruction in various branches, and are taught spinning, basket-making,
+the weaving of linen, sacking, carpeting, the making of list shoes,
+twine, worsted rugs, and other trades, by which they may earn a
+livelihood; they are also instructed in music.  Asylums and Institutions,
+too numerous to be here enumerated; Hospitals, Infirmaries; Societies for
+the assistance and relief of aged seamen, and other humane and admirable
+purposes, are, by the munificence of the inhabitants, all enabled to
+administer in no small degree to the wants and misfortunes of suffering
+fellow-beings.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Among the distinguished natives of the town may be noticed Jeremiah
+Horrox, the astronomer, born 1619, at Toxteth Park, near Liverpool.  He
+is supposed to have been the first person who ever predicted or observed
+the transit of Venus over the sun's disk.  He died on the 3rd of January,
+1641, a few days after completing his treatise on the transit which took
+place in the November preceding.  George Stubbs, the animal painter, born
+1724.  William Sadler, who invented the application of copper-plate
+prints to the embellishment of earthenware.  William Roscoe, author of
+the lives of Lorenzo de Medici, and of Leo X.  He died in 1831, aged
+seventy-nine, equally beloved and regretted for his excellence as a man,
+and for his ability as an author.  The Rev. William Shepherd, author of
+the life of Poggio Brachiolini, &c., an elegant writer, and earnest
+reformer.  Dr. Currie, the intelligent biographer of Burns, was also a
+native of Liverpool, as was the gentle-minded and truly feminine poet,
+Felicia Hemans.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The manufactures of Liverpool, are chiefly such as are connected with the
+port and the shipping, the promotion of its commerce, and the supply of
+its inhabitants.  There are several very large sugar refineries,
+extensive potteries, glass-houses, breweries, tanneries, salt and
+copperas works, iron and brass foundries, foundries for cannon, anchors,
+chain-cables, and steam engine machinery, manufactories for
+steam-boilers, engines, also guns, small arms, sails, cordage, watches,
+tobacco, snuff, and soap.  There are numerous mills for grinding corn,
+mustard, colours, and dye-woods: the manufacture of soap exceeds that of
+any place in England.  The average number of watches made annually, is
+11,500, a number greater than any town, except London.  Ship-building is
+carried on to a great extent; several men-of-war have been launched from
+the dock-yards; and in the building of steam vessels, Liverpool takes the
+lead of all other ports.  The trade of the town is greatly facilitated by
+the extensive inland navigation in every direction, by which it is
+connected with the manufacturing districts and chief towns in the
+kingdom.  No less than five water conveyances fall into the Mersey, viz.,
+the Mersey and Irwell Navigation, Duke of Bridgewater's Canal, Sankey
+Canal, Chester and Ellesmere Canal, and Weaver Navigation, opening
+communication with Manchester, Bolton, Hull, South Lancashire,
+Birmingham, Worcestershire, South of England, and Wales.
+
+    The information required by the traveller respecting inns,
+    coach-offices, &c., will be found in the Appendix; together with a
+    list of places of amusement and interest, worthy the attention of a
+    stranger in this great and truly splendid sea-port.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+NEWTON JUNCTION TO MANCHESTER,
+Fourteen and .75 Miles.
+
+
+ON leaving the Newton (or, as it is called in the neighbourhood,
+Warrington) Junction, the neat little town of Newton is seen N. of the
+line, not far from the Legh Arms Hotel, a comfortable and reasonable
+house.
+
+                        [Picture: Town of Newton]
+
+Opposite, lying S. of the line, we again see the spire of Winwick Church,
+Mow Copp, and the Cheshire and Rivington hills appear in the distance.
+
+
+
+Park Side Station.
+
+
+HERE the machine and apparatus for supplying the engines with fuel and
+water is well worth observing, though with great caution, as there are
+five lines of rails in this place; and the difficulty of escaping from a
+coming train is no small one to a stranger, who, standing upon, or among
+them, would find himself greatly bewildered in any emergency.  The
+horrible death of Mr. Huskisson, from the injuries he received at this
+very spot, may be a salutary warning to the adventurous.  A white marble
+slab in the wall commemorates the awful event, which it is useless to
+allude to further, the particulars being so well known.  The Wigan
+Junction Line branches off a short distance from this point.  Passing a
+short cutting on Highfield Moor, we reach the most considerable one on
+the Manchester and Liverpool line, the Kenyon excavation, the materials
+taken from which contributed mainly towards the adjacent embankments.
+The Bolton Junction line turns N. from this part, at which is
+
+
+
+The Bolton Junction Station.
+
+
+WE now enter on the Brossley embankment, and observe Culcheth Hall, S.,
+and Hurst Hall, N. of the line; the former the residence of T. E.
+Withington, Esq., the latter of T. Molineux Steel, Esq.
+
+
+
+Bury-Lane Station
+
+
+closely adjoins the Chat Moss tavern, near which the line crosses the
+little stream Glazebrook.  S. is a farmhouse, called Light Oats Hall.
+Here commences an embankment planted with trees; passing which we enter
+on the famed Chat Moss, formerly a barren and cultureless waste; but at
+length yielding to agricultural skill and industry, several portions
+having already been drained and successfully cultivated.
+
+                           [Picture: Chat Moss]
+
+The road traverses this immense bog for a distance of four miles and
+three quarters.  S. of the line is a fine view of the Cheshire and
+Derbyshire hills, with the village of Astley and Tildsley Church spire.
+Rivington Pike, and the Billinge Beacon lie on the N., and the Chat Moss
+all around.  Immense labour and perseverance were required to achieve the
+great work of forming a firm and durable road over this swampy tract,
+which varies in depth from ten to above thirty feet.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Several neat habitations are now erected on the farmlands redeemed from
+the swamp: of these, Barton Moss Farm is the chief.  N. of the Moss lies
+Worsley Hall, seen from the line, on an eminence.  Botany Bay, a place of
+singularly ill-omened name, is also on the left, or N. side.  The hills
+before mentioned still form the back ground of the views on either side.
+Leaving the Chat Moss by the Barton embankment, the line passes
+
+
+
+Patricroft Station;
+
+
+Near to this are large iron foundries and silk works.  The Bridgewater
+Canal passes under, and the turnpike-road over, the line.  Monton Church
+and village appear N. of the road; and shortly after, the village and
+Church of Eccles are seen on the S.
+
+                         [Picture: Eccles Church]
+
+This small place has achieved fame by two means: the death of Mr.
+Huskisson, which took place at the house of the Rev. Mr. Blackburn; and
+by its cakes, which the traveller is invited to purchase by a board over
+the door of a house close by the station, on which is inscribed, "This is
+the noted Eccles cake shop."  Passing
+
+
+
+Waste Lane Station
+
+
+some cottages and factories, and the city of chimneys, Manchester, appear
+in view.  The village of Tinker's Hollow, and
+
+
+
+Cross Lane Bridge Station
+
+
+being passed, also sundry arches and bridges across the river Irwell, and
+the engine, trains, and travellers, are received into the Company's yard
+in Manchester.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+MANCHESTER.
+
+
+THE town of Manchester, including Salford, contains 270,960 inhabitants,
+and is distant from London 186 miles, and from Liverpool thirty-one by
+the railroad.
+
+    The origin of this town, which is remarkable for the extent of its
+    trade, and the importance of its manufactures, may be traced to
+    remote antiquity.  In the time of the Druids, it was distinguished as
+    one of the principal stations of their priests, and celebrated for
+    the privilege of sanctuary attached to its altar, which, in the
+    British language, was called _Meyne_, signifying a stone.  Prior to
+    the Christian era, it was one of the principal seats of the
+    Brigantes, who had a castle or stronghold, called _Mancenion_, or the
+    place of tents, near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell,
+    the site of which, still called the "Castle Field," was selected as a
+    station by the Romans, on their conquest of this part of Britain
+    under Agricola, about the year 79, and called by them _Mancunium_,
+    whence the Saxon _Manceastre_, and our _Manchester_.  The Romans
+    occupied this station during nearly four centuries, and formed roads,
+    branching off to their surrounding settlements.  Various antiquities
+    have been from time to time discovered in the neighbourhood.  After
+    the departure of the Romans, a party of Saxons took the fort from the
+    Britons, to whom the garrison afterwards surrendered.  In 620, it was
+    captured by Edwin, King of Northumbria.  In 627, the inhabitants were
+    converted to Christianity, by Paulinus, a missionary from Gregory I.
+    Manchester having been taken by the Danes, was wrested from their
+    possession, about 920, by Edward the Elder, who rebuilt and fortified
+    the town and castle.  For some time it continued prosperous, but
+    suffered greatly in the wars between the Danes and Northumbrians.
+    The early history of all ancient towns, chiefly "pertains to feats of
+    broils and battles;" castles founded, demolished, and rebuilt, to be
+    destroyed again; baronial feuds and fierce invasions; with the faint
+    and fruitless struggles of _right_ against _might_, make up the dark
+    and bloody record.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+    After the twelfth century, a calmer period arrived; and, though
+    occasionally troubled by the pest of war, the fortunes of the now
+    wealthy town of Manchester, have been progressively increasing.  From
+    the year 1352, we may date the commencement of its manufacturing
+    celebrity, when a kind of woollen cloth, made from the fleece, in an
+    unprepared state, called "Manchester cotton," was introduced; and
+    some Flemish artisans, invited into England, by Edward III., settled
+    in the town, and brought the woollen manufacture to a considerable
+    degree of perfection.  At the time of the Reformation, an
+    ecclesiastical commission was established at Manchester, and
+    exercised great intolerance, imprisoning and executing numbers of
+    popish recusants; another of the black and by-gone deeds of our past
+    "dark ages."  During the Parliamentary war, the head-quarters of the
+    Parliamentarian army, in Lancashire, were fixed at Manchester, which
+    was fortified and defended too well for the Royalist forces to be
+    successful in any of their repeated attacks.  In 1652, the walls were
+    thrown down, the fortifications demolished, and the gates carried
+    away and sold.  The good town of Manchester had grown great and
+    wealthy; but we much doubt if it had become particularly grave or
+    wise, since we know that extravagant rejoicings, accompanied by every
+    splendour of pomp and ceremony, took place at the restoration of the
+    not-too-excellent King Charles II., in whose honour, and to the
+    glorification of the thirsty woollen-weavers, the public conduits
+    flowed with streams of wine, instead of water; a celebration worthy
+    of the "merry monarch."
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+    In 1745, Prince Charles Edward entered Manchester with his army, and
+    took up his abode in the house of Mr. Dickenson, in Market-street,
+    when he levied money, raised men and horses for his service, and
+    after marching about the country, made a rapid retreat into Scotland,
+    before the army of the Duke of Cumberland.  The officers of the
+    Manchester regiment, were tried for high treason, and executed on
+    Kennington Common, two of the heads being placed on Temple Bar, and
+    two on the Exchange, Manchester.  With this inhuman and disgraceful
+    event, the record of the "fortunes of war," connected with this
+    place, ends,--we will trust for ever.
+
+The various manufactures carried on in Manchester, would occupy a
+descriptive work of no small extent, in themselves; and the account which
+so small a volume as the present can find space for, must be brief
+indeed.  The staple trade is the cotton manufacture, which, in all its
+branches, is carried on to an almost incredible extent.  From the time of
+Edward III., when the "Manchester cottons" were first introduced, this
+branch of trade has been increasing in importance.  About the year 1740,
+cotton was manufactured by the spindle and distaff in the cottages of the
+workmen, chiefly into fustians, thicksets, dimities, and jeans, to which
+other kinds of goods were shortly added.  About the year 1760, these
+goods, hitherto made only for home consumption, formed a market on the
+continent of Europe and America, and in consequence of the increased
+demand, recourse was had to the aid of machinery.  The spinning jennies,
+invented by Messrs. Kay and Highs, have been introduced, and greatly
+improved by Mr. Hargreaves, whose success, exciting the apprehensions of
+the hand-workmen, caused the destruction of his machinery, and his
+retreat to Nottingham, where he died in indigence.  Sir Richard
+Arkwright, the late Sir Robert Peel, and others, have improved and
+invented other machines, which, aided by the power of the steam-engine,
+have prodigiously increased the quantity and variety of the goods
+manufactured in this town.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+In the spinning department alone, there are in the town and vicinity 114
+factories, worked by 118 steam-engines, the aggregate power of which is
+equal to that of 3,981 horses; by this machinery, 2,182,350 spindles, and
+6,926 power-looms are set in motion.  The power-looms, a recent
+invention, originating with the Rev. Mr. Cartwright, of Holland House,
+Kent, were not proved finally successful till 1806.  The factories, in
+several of which the whole process of the manufacture, from the
+introduction of the raw material, to the completion of the fabric, is
+carried on, are immense ranges of building, from six to eight stories in
+height, some employing 2,000 persons each, and the whole affording
+employment to upwards of 30,000 persons.  The principal articles at
+present manufactured are velvets, fustians, jeans, ticking, checks,
+ginghams, nankeens, diaper, quilting, calico, muslins, muslinets, cambric
+handkerchiefs, small wares, silks, and, in fact, every variety of cotton
+and silk goods.  There are also extensive bleaching grounds, works for
+printing and dyeing, and all other departments of the manufacture.
+Extensive forges, foundries, &c., for the machinery used, laboratories
+for chemical productions used in the trade, and mills for the manufacture
+of all descriptions of paper; engraving, as connected with the printing
+of cotton and muslin goods, is carried on to a great extent; and there
+are hat manufactories, and saw mills on a very large scale.  It is
+needless to inform the reader, that an inspection of some of these
+immense hives of labour and invention, will well repay the trouble of a
+visit.  It is a proud feeling to an Englishman to know, that the
+productions of the thousand busy hands and whirling wheels around him,
+are destined to increase the comfort, refinement, or splendour of
+nations, spread far and wide over the globe: and it is a joyful thing to
+compare present greatness and secure freedom, with the long past years
+when a little bristling fortress and a tented field, scenes of barbaric
+bloodshed and grovelling slavery, occupied the spot of earth now devoted
+to usefulness, industry, and knowledge.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Manchester is situated on the banks of the river Irwell; (which here
+receives the tributary streams of the Irk and the Medlock;) on the N.W.
+bank lies the newly erected borough of Salford, connected by means of
+five bridges with Manchester, of which it forms an integral part.  In
+various parts of the town there are altogether nearly sixty bridges.  The
+town is well paved, and lighted with gas; and the inhabitants are
+supplied with water by the Manchester and Salford Water Company.  The
+environs, in many parts, particularly in Broughton, Ardwick-green, and
+Gibraltar, are pleasant, and present many ranges of handsome residences,
+tasteful villas, and cottages.  In the older parts of the town are
+several ancient houses, interspersed with modern dwellings, and, except
+where recent improvements have been made, the streets are inconveniently
+narrow; the accommodation of trade being more studied here than elegance
+and symmetry of appearance.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The public buildings and institutions of Manchester are well worthy of
+its wealth and importance.  The Exchange and Commercial Buildings, facing
+the Market-place, form a spacious handsome edifice, built of Runcorn
+stone: containing the News-room, Exchange, Library, Post-office, Chamber
+of Commerce, a spacious Dining-room, and other apartments.  The members
+of the Literary and Philosophical Society have a suitable building for
+their meetings, and have published many volumes of Transactions in the
+English, French, and German languages, which are much circulated on the
+continent.  The Royal Institution, embracing a variety of objects
+connected with literature, science, and the fine arts, has a fine
+building in the Grecian style, from a design by Mr. Barry, forming a
+splendid addition to the architectural ornaments of the town.  The centre
+comprises the Hall and Lecture Theatre, lighted by a lantern from the
+ceiling, which may be darkened instantaneously at the will of the
+lecturer.  One of the wings is appropriated as the Academy of the Fine
+Arts, with Exhibition-rooms, and the other as a Museum of Natural
+History.  The whole cost of this elegant pile was estimated at 50,000.
+The Town Hall is a noble edifice, from a design by Mr. F. Goodwin, after
+the model of the Temple of Erectheus, at Athens, with a beautiful tower
+and dome in the centre, resembling the Tower of Andronicus, called "The
+Temple of Winds:" it contains various apartments for transacting the
+public business of the town, and one splendid room, 132 feet long,
+decorated with great elegance.  The Town Hall at Salford is a handsome
+and commodious stone edifice by the same architect.  The Society for
+promoting the study of natural history, has a valuable and extensive
+Museum also; and the town possesses flourishing Mechanics' Institutions,
+Philological Society, Agricultural Society, Botanic Garden, several
+Libraries, two Theatres, Assembly-rooms, Concert-rooms, Annual Races, and
+Triennial Musical Festivals.  There are twenty-six churches and chapels
+belonging to the Establishment, and more than fifty places of worship for
+the various denominations of Dissenters.  The windows of St. John's
+Church, in Byrom-street, contain some very ancient and beautiful stained
+glass, brought from a convent in Rouen; also, pictures in the vestry, and
+a fine piece of sculpture, by Flaxman.  The Free Grammar School, founded
+in the 7th of Henry VIII., has a revenue of 4,000, and the number of
+scholars is from 150 to 200.  The Blue Coat, St. Paul's, Lancasterian,
+National, and Infants' Schools, are all highly useful, and well-supported
+establishments; and the various Sunday Schools instruct as many as 30,000
+children.  The Hospitals and other Charitable Institutions are equally
+extensive in their sphere of usefulness, and together with the
+establishments before mentioned, worthy of the wealth, intelligence, and
+liberality of this great and important town.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Among the distinguished natives of Manchester, or persons who have been
+otherwise connected with it, may be enumerated, William Crabtree, an
+astronomical writer, and inventor of the micrometer, born at Broughton
+and killed at the battle of Marston Moor in 1644; John Byrom, a poet, and
+author of a system of shorthand; John Ferriar, M.D., author of
+Illustrations of Sterne, &c.; Thomas Barritt, the antiquary and
+heraldist; Thomas Faulkner, an enterprising traveller, who published the
+earliest account of Patagonia, and died in 1774; the Rev. John Whittaker,
+the Manchester historian; and others of less renown.  Manchester gives
+the title of duke and earl to the family of Montague.  The market days
+are Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday; fairs on Easter Monday and Tuesday,
+and October 1 and 2.  Salford fairs begin on Whit Monday, for twenty-one
+days; and on November 17, for the same time.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The information required by the traveller respecting inns, places of
+public resort, &c., will be found in the Appendix, under the head of
+Manchester.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                            END OF THE ROUTE.
+
+
+
+
+REGULATIONS OF THE GRAND JUNCTION AND LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY
+COMPANIES.
+
+
+                      [Picture: Train of the Period]
+
+
+
+_REGULATIONS OF THE GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY_.
+
+
+TIME OF DEPARTURE.--The doors of the Booking Office are closed precisely
+at the time appointed for starting, after which no passenger can be
+admitted.
+
+BOOKING.--There are no Booking Places, except at the Company's Offices at
+the respective Stations. Each Booking Ticket for the First Class Trains
+is numbered to correspond with the seat taken.  The places by the mixed
+Trains are not numbered.
+
+LUGGAGE.--Each Passenger's Luggage will, as far as practicable, be placed
+on the roof of the coach in which he has taken his place; carpet bags and
+small luggage may be placed underneath the seat opposite to that which
+the owner occupies. No charge for _bona fide_ luggage belonging to the
+passenger under 100lb. weight; above that weight, a charge is made at the
+rate of 1d. per lb. for the whole distance.  No kind of merchandise
+allowed to be taken as luggage.  The attention of travellers is requested
+to the legal notice exhibited at the different stations, respecting the
+limitation of the Company's liabilities to the loss or damage of luggage.
+All passengers by Railway will do well to have their luggage distinctly
+marked with their names and destination.
+
+GENTLEMEN'S CARRIAGES AND HORSES.--Gentlemen's carriages and horses must
+be at the Stations at least a quarter of an hour before the time of
+departure.  A supply of trucks are kept at all the _principal_ Stations
+on the line; but to prevent disappointment it is recommended that
+previous notice should be given, when practicable, at the Station where
+they may be required.  No charge for landing or embarking carriages or
+horses on any part of the line.
+
+ROAD STATIONS.--Passengers intending to join the Trains at any of the
+stopping places are desired to be in good time, as the train will leave
+each Station as soon as ready, without reference to the time stated in
+the tables, the main object being to perform the whole journey as
+expeditiously as possible.  Passengers will be booked only conditionally
+upon there being room on the arrival of the Trains, and they will have
+the preference of seats in the order in which they are booked.  No
+persons are booked after the arrival of the Train.--All persons are
+requested to get into and alight from the coaches invariably on the left
+side, as the only certain means of preventing accidents from Trains
+passing in an opposite direction.
+
+CONDUCTORS, GUARDS, AND PORTERS.--Every Train is provided with Guards,
+and a Conductor, who is responsible for the order and regularity of the
+journey.  The Company's Porters will load and unload the luggage, and put
+it into or upon any omnibus or other carriage at any of the Stations.  No
+fees or gratuities allowed to be received by the Conductors, Guards,
+Porters, or other persons in the service of the Company.
+
+SMOKING, SELLING OF LIQUORS, &c.--No smoking is allowed in the
+Station-houses, or in any of the coaches, even with the consent of the
+passengers.  A substantial breakfast may be had at the Station-house at
+Birmingham, by parties, going by the early train; but no person is
+allowed to sell liquors or eatables of any kind upon the line.--The
+Company earnestly hope that the public will co-operate with them in
+enforcing this regulation, as it will be the means of removing a cause of
+delay, and will greatly diminish the chance of accident.
+
+Goods sent to Birmingham, Manchester, or Liverpool, by the evening
+Trains, are generally delivered early on the following morning.
+
+
+
+CONVEYANCES TO LOCAL TOWNS FROM STATIONS.
+
+
+BESCOT BRIDGE.
+
+
+Conveyance.--A light Van runs from this Station to Walsall for the
+conveyance of passengers.
+
+
+WOLVERHAMPTON.
+
+
+Conveyances.--Two Omnibuses from the town meet all the Trains.  Coaches
+to Shrewsbury, through Shiffnal and Wellington, from the New
+Hotel:--Royal Mail, 7.5 a.m.; Swallow, 8.5 a.m.; *Prince of Wales, 12.75
+p.m.; Wonder, 7.25 p.m.  To Shrewsbury, from the Crown and
+Cushion:--Salopian, 3.25 p.m., through Shiffnal, Madeley and Ironbridge.
+To Shrewsbury, from the Railway Station:--An Omnibus, 3 p.m., through
+Shiffnal and Wellington.  To Dudley 6.75 a.m.; *1.5 p.m.; *4.5 p.m.; *6.5
+p.m.  To Bridgenorth, 4 p.m.
+
+                  Marked thus (*) do not run on Sundays.
+
+
+STAFFORD.
+
+
+Conveyances.--Omnibuses are in attendance to convey passengers to any
+part of the town.  Coaches to Burton-on-Trent, Ashby-de-la-Zouch, &c.,
+12.5 p.m.  Rugeley and Lichfield, 3.75p.m.  Stone and Newcastle, 4.5 p.m.
+Stone and Potteries, 7 p.m.
+
+
+WHITMORE.
+
+
+Conveyances.--Coaches daily to Shrewsbury, through Market Drayton.  A
+Coach through Newcastle to the Potteries daily.  The Pottery Company and
+Green's Omnibuses daily to Newcastle and Potteries.
+
+
+BASFORD AND MADELEY STATIONS.
+
+
+Conveyances.--Conveyances are in waiting at these Stations to take
+passengers and goods to Newcastle, the Potteries, or any other place.
+
+
+CREWE.
+
+
+Conveyances.--A Coach from Macclesfield, through Congleton and Sandbach,
+to Crewe Station, twice daily.  A Coach to Whitchurch, daily.  An Omnibus
+from Nantwich to Crewe, to meet all the Trains, and convey passengers to
+Nantwich.
+
+
+HARTFORD.
+
+
+Conveyances.--Adams' Omnibus (with the letter bags) to Northwich and
+Knutsford, morning and evening.  Mail to Chester and Tarporley, daily.
+From Chester there are Coaches to all parts of North and South Wales.
+
+
+PRESTON-BROOK.
+
+
+Conveyances.--Leaves Wilson's Hotel, Runcorn, morning and afternoon, to
+meet the Trains, and return on the arrival of the Trains at this station.
+
+
+WARRINGTON.
+
+
+Conveyances.--Omnibuses are in attendance to convey passengers to any
+part of the town.  Chaises, Cars, or Gigs, to be had in a few minutes'
+notice.  Coaches to Macclesfield, Stockport, Liverpool, Carlisle,
+Edinburgh, and all parts of the North.
+
+
+
+TABLE OF FARES AND DISTANCES.
+
+BIRMINGHAM       BIRMINGHAM
+Perry Barr            3.25       Perry Barr.
+                    1 6  1 0
+Newton Road           6.5             3.5        Newton Road.
+                    1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+Bescot Bridge         9.25             6              2.75       Bescot Bridge.
+                    2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+James's Bridge         10             6.75            3.5             .75        James's Bridge.
+                    2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6 1 0          16  10
+Willenhall           11.75            8.5             5.25            2.5             1.75       Willenhall.
+                    2 6  2 0        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+WOLVERHAMPTON        14.25           10.75            7.5             4.75             4              2.25       WOLVERHAMPTON.
+                    3 0  2 6        2 6  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+Four Ashes             20             16.5           13.25            10.5            9.75             8              5.75       Four Ashes.
+                    4 0  3 0        3 6  3 0        3 0  2 6        2 6  2 0        2 6  2 0        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0
+Spread Eagle          21.5             18            14.75             12            11.25            9.5             7.25            1.5        Spread Eagle.
+                    4 6  3 6        4 0  3 0        3 6  2 6        3 0  2 0        2 6  2 0        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+Penkridge              24             20.5           17.25            14.5           13.75             12             9.75             4              2.5        Penkridge.
+                    5 0  4 0        4 6  3 6        4 0  3 0        3 6  2 6        3 0  2 6        3 0  2 0        2 6  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+STAFFORD             29.25           25.75            22.5           19.75             19            17.25             15             9.25            7.75            5.25       STAFFORD.
+                    6 0  5 0        5 6  4 6        5 0  4 0        4 6  3 6        4 6  3 6        4 0  3 0        3 6  2 6        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0         16 10
+Bridgeford            32.5           29.25             26            23.25            22.5           20.75            18.5           12.75           11.25            8.75            3.5        Bridgeford.
+                    7 0  5 6        6 0  5 0        6 0  4 6        5 6  4 0        5 0  4 0        5 0  3 6        4 6  3 0        2 6  2 0        2 6  2 0        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0
+Norton Bridge          35             31.5           28.25            25.5           24.75             23            20.75             15             13.5             11             5.75            2.25       Norton Bridge.
+                    7 6  6 0        6 6  5 0        6 0  5 0        6 0  4 6        5 6  4 6        5 6  4 0        5 0  3 6        3 6  2 6        3 0  2 6        2 6  2 0        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+WHITMORE             43.25           39.75            36.5           33.75             33            31.25             29            23.25           21.75           19.25             14             10.5            8.25       WHITMORE.
+                    9 6  8 0        8 6  7 0        8 0  6 6        7 6  6 0        7 6  6 0        7 0  5 6        6 6  5 0        5 0  4 6        4 6  4 0        4 0  3 6        3 0  2 6        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0
+Madeley                46             42.5           39.25            36.5           35.75             34            31.75             26             24.5             22            16.75           13.25             11             2.75       Madeley.
+                   10 0  8 6        9 0  7 6        8 6  7 0        8 0  7 0        7 6  6 6        7 6  6 0        7 0  5 6        6 0  5 0        5 6  4 6        5 0  4 0        4 0  3 0        3 0  2 0        2 6  1 6        1 6  1 0
+Basford                51             47.5             44             41.5             41              39              37              31              29              27              22              18              16              8               5         Basford.
+                   12 0  10 6      10 6  9 6       10 6  8 6       10 0  8 6       10 0  8 0        9 6  7 6        9 0  7 0        7 6  6 0        7 0  5 6        6 6  5 6        5 0  4 6        4 6  4 0        4 0  3 6        2 6  2 0        1 6  1 0
+CREWE                  54             50.5           47.25            44.5           43.75             42            39.75             34             32.5             30            24.75           21.25             19            10.75             8               3         CREWE.
+                   12 0  10 6      10 6  9 6       10 6  8 6       10 0  8 6       10 0  8 0        9 6  7 6        9 0  7 0        7 6  6 0        7 0  5 6        6 6  5 6        5 0  4 6        4 6  4 0        4 0  3 6        2 6  2 0        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+Coppenhall             56             52.5           49.25            46.5           45.75             44            41.75             36             34.5             32            26.75           23.25             21            12.75             10              5               2         Coppenhall.
+                   12 6  10 6      11 6  9 6       11 6  9 0       10 6  9 0       10 0  8 6       9 6   8 0        9 0  7 0        7 6  7 0        7 6  6 6        6 6  6 0        5 6  5 0        5 0  4 6        4 6  4 0        2 6  2 0        2 0  1 6        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0
+Minshull             58.75           55.25             52            49.25            48.5           46.75            44.5           38.75           37.25           34.75            29.5             26            23.75            15.5           12.75             8              4.75            2.75       Minshull Vernon.
+Vernon             13 0  11 0      12 6  10 6      11 6  10 0      11 0  9 6       11 0  9 0       10 6  8 6       10 0  8 0        8 6  7 0        8 6  7 0        8 0  6 6        6 6  5 6        5 6  5 0        5 6  4 6        3 6  3 0        3 0  2 0        3 0  2 0        1 6  1 0         16 10
+Winsford             61.25           57.75            54.5           51.75             51            49.25             47            41.25           39.75           37.25             32             28.5           26.25             18            15.25             10             7.25            5.25            2.5        Winsford.
+                   13 6  11 6      12 6  11 0      12 0  10 6      11 6  10 0      11 0  9 6       10 6  9 6       10 0  9 0        9 0  8 0        8 6  7 6        8 6  7 0        7 0  6 0        6 6  5 0        6 0  5 0        4 6  3 6        3 0  2 6        3 0  2 6        1 6 1 0         1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+HARTFORD *           65.75           62.75             59            56.25            55.5           53.75            51.5           45.75           44.25           41.75            36.5             33            30.75            22.5           19.75             15            11.75            9.75             7              4.5        HARTFORD.
+                   14 0  12 0      13 6  11 6      13 0  11 0      12 0  10 6      11 6  10 0      11 0  9 6       10 6  9 0       10 0  8 6        9 6  8 0        9 0  7 0        7 6  6 6        7 0  6 0        6 6  5 6        5 0  4 0        4 0  3 0        4 0  3 0        2 6  1 6        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+Acton                68.25           64.75            61.5           58.75             58            56.25             54             48.5           46.75           44.25             39             35.5           33.25             25            22.25             17            14.25           12.25            9.5              7              2.5        Acton.
+                   15 0  12 6      14 6  12 0      14 0  11 6      13 6  11 0      13 0  11 0      12 6  10 6      12 0  10 0      10 6  9 0       10 0  8 6        9 6  8 0        8 6  7 6        8 0  6 0        7 6  6 0        5 6  4 6        5 0  4 0        5 0  4 0        3 0  2 6        2 6  2 0        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+Preston Brook         72.5             69            65.75             63            62.25            60.5           58.25            52.5             51             48.5           43.25           39.75            37.5           29.25            26.5            21.5            18.5            16.5           13.75           11.25            6.75            4.25       Preston Brook.
+                   15 6  13 6      15 0  13 0      14 0  12 6      13 6  12 0      13 6  12 0      13 0  11 6      12 6  11 0      11 0  9 6       11 0  9 6       10 6  9 0        9 6  8 0        8 6  7 0        8 6  7 0        6 6  5 6        5 6  5 0        5 6  5 0        4 0  3 6        3 6  3 0        3 0  2 6        2 6  2 0        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+Moore                  75             71.5           68.25           65.25           64.75             63            60.75             55             53.5             51            45.75           42.25             40            31.75             29              24              21              19            16.25           13.75            9.25            6.75            2.5        Moore.
+                   16 0  14 0      15 6  13 6      14 6  13 6      14 0  12 6      13 6  12 6      13 0  12 0      12 6  11 6      11 6  10 6      11 0  10 0      10 6  9 6       10 0  8 6        9 0  7 6        9 0  7 6        7 0  6 0        6 0  5 6        6 0  5 6        4 6  4 0        4 0  3 0        3 6  3 0        3 0  2 6        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+WARRINGTON             78             74.5           71.25           68.25           67.75             66            63.75             58            56.25             54            48.75           45.25             43            34.75             32              27              24              22            19.25           16.75           12.25            9.75            5.5              3         WARRINTON.
+                   17 0  14 0      16 0  14 0      15 6  13 6      15 0  13 0      14 6  12 6      14 0  12 6      13 6  12 0      12 0  11 0      12 0  10 6      11 6  10 0      10 6  9 0        9 6  8 0        9 0  8 0        7 6  6 0        6 6  5 6        6 6  5 6        5 0  4 6        4 6  4 0        4 0  3 6        3 6  3 0        2 6  2 0        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+Newton               82.75           79.25             76            73.25            72.5           70.75            68.5           62.75           61.25           58.75            53.5             50            47.75            39.5           36.75             32            28.75           26.75             24             21.5             17             14.5           10.25            7.75            4.75       Newton Junction.
+Junction           18 0  15 0      17 6  14 6      16 6 14 6       16 0  14 0      15 6  13 6      15 0  13 6      15 0  13 0      14 0  12 0      13 6  11 6      13 0  11 0      11 6  10 0      11 0  9 0       10 6  8 6        8 0  7 0        7 6  6 6        7 6  6 6        6 0  5 0        5 6  4 6        5 0  4 6        5 0  4 0        3 6  3 0        3 0  2 6        2 0  1 6        1 6  1 0        1 6  1 0
+MANCHESTER           97.25             94            90.25             88            87.25            85.5           83.25            77.5             76             73.5           68.25           64.75            62.5           54.25            51.5            46.5            43.5           41.25           38.75           36.25           31.75           29.25             25             22.5            19.5           14.75                MANCHESTER.
+                   21 0  17 0      21 0  17 0      21 0  16 6      19 6  16 0      19 6  16 0      19 0  15 6      19 0  15 0      16 6  14 0      16 6  14 0      16 0  13 6      15 0  12 6      14 0  12 0      13 6  11 6      12 0  10 0      11 0  9 6       11 0  9 6        9 6  8 0        9 0  7 6        8 0  7 0        7 6  6 6        7 0  6 0        6 0  5 6        5 6  4 6        5 0  4 0        4 0  3 6        4 0  3 6
+LIVERPOOL            97.25             94            90.75             88            87.25            85.5           83.25            72.5             76             73.5           68.25           64.75            62.5           54.25            51.5            46.5            43.5           41.25           38.75           36.25           31.75           29.25             25             22.5            19.5           14.75             30         LIVERPOOL.
+                   21 0  17 0      21 0  17 0      21 0  16 6      19 6  16 0      19 6  16 0      19 0  15 6      19 0  15 0      16 6  14 0      16 6  14 0      16 0  13 6      15 0  12 6      14 0  12 0      13 6  11 6      12 0  10 0      11 0  9 6       11 0  9 6        9 6  8 0        9 0  7 6        8 0  7 0        7 6  6 6        7 0  6 0        6 0  5 6        5 6  4 6        5 0  4 0        4 0  3 6        4 0  3 6        6 0  4 6
+
+_Explanation_.--To find the fare and distance from one station to
+another--say Stafford to Wolverhampton.  Find Stafford in the first
+column, carry your eye along the column opposite to which it is placed
+until you arrive at Wolverhampton placed in the slanting column, and
+there the fare and distance will be found.
+
+***  The figures at the top of each square denote the distance, those on
+the left hand the fare by the _first_ class carriages, (_whether in first
+class or mixed class trains_) and those on the right hand the fare by the
+_second_ class carriages.
+
+                     [_Entered at Stationer's Hall_.]
+
+* The Fares from Stations above Hartford, to Stations on the Manchester
+and Liverpool Line, are the same as to Manchester and Liverpool.  But the
+Fares from Hartford, Acton, Preston Brook, Moore, and Warrington, to the
+Stations on the Manchester and Liverpool Line, are in proportion to the
+distance.
+
+The Fare from Birmingham to any Station on the Liverpool and Manchester
+Line is in proportion.
+
+N.B.--The Mixed Trains also take up and set down Passengers _to or from
+any part of the Grand Junction Railway_, at all the usual Stopping Places
+on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.--An allowance is _included_ in
+the above Tables of five minutes for _all_ the Trains at the _principal_
+Stations, and of three minutes for _the Mixed Trains_, at the
+intermediate stopping places.--No Fare is less than One Shilling by the
+principal Trains.--The Fare between the intermediate Stopping Places is
+at the rate of about 2.5d. per mile for First, and 1.5d. for Second Class
+Passengers.  Tables of which are kept at each of the Stations.
+
+Parties arriving at Birmingham by the early Trains, can go on in the same
+carriage to the London and Birmingham Railway Station, and so proceed by
+the London Train.
+
+
+Departures
+
+       FROM LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO BIRMINGHAM.
+       3 A.M.  First, joins London Train at       8 30 A.M.
+    6 30 A.M.  Mixed ,,                          12 30 P.M.
+    9 15 A.M.  1st Class ,,                       2 30 P.M.
+   11 30 A.M.  1st Class ,,                       4 30 P.M.
+    4 30 P.M.  Mixed
+       6 P.M.  1st Class ,,                      11 30 P.M.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+      FROM BIRMINGHAM TO LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER.
+       3 A.M.  First              2 30 P.M.  1st Class
+       6 A.M.  Mixed Train           4 P.M.  Mixed
+   11 30 A.M.  1st Class             5 P.M.  1st Class
+
+The 3 A.M. Train from Liverpool starts from the Station, Edge Hill, to
+which place any Passenger wishing to go by this Train must proceed to
+take his place.
+
+
+On Sundays.
+
+       FROM LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO BIRMINGHAM.
+       3 A.M.  First, joins London Train at       8 30 A.M.
+    7 30 A.M.  Mixed ,,                           1 30 P.M.
+   11 30 A.M.               ,,
+       6 P.M.               ,,                   11 30 P.M.
+       FROM BIRMINGHAM TO LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER.
+       3 A.M.
+    7 30 A.M.  Mixed
+   11 30 A.M.  Mixed
+       5 P.M.               ,,
+
+         The Trains on Sundays stop at First Class Stations only.
+
+  By the Trains at  A.M.
+                 3
+              9 15  A.M.     on week            3  A.M.         on
+                             days, and
+                             at
+             11 30  A.M.                     7 30  A.M.      Sundays
+             and 6  P.M.                    and 6  P.M.
+
+First Class Passengers, Horses, and Carriages will, if required, be
+booked throughout from Liverpool and Manchester only, to London, (but not
+to any other place on the London and Birmingham Line for the present,)
+without change of Carriage at Birmingham. A certain number only can be
+booked by each train in this manner.
+
+No Horses can be booked further than Birmingham, unless they belong to a
+Carriage or Passenger accompanying one of the above-mentioned Trains.
+
+Horses and Carriages should be at the Stations and booked at least a
+quarter of an hour before the time of departure.
+
+
+Fares.
+
+   BETWEEN LIVERPOOL OR MANCHESTER AND          FROM LIVERPOOL OR
+               BIRMINGHAM.                    MANCHESTER TO LONDON,
+                                            WHEN BOOKED THROUGHOUT AS
+                                                      ABOVE
+                                  .     s.
+Six Inside 1st Class Coach        1      1
+Second Class Closed               0     17         Day Trains.
+Carriages
+Third Class Open Carriage by      0     11  6 Inside Coach, G.J. 21s.
+6.5 a.m. Train from                         London 1. 10s. = 2. 11s.
+Liverpool or Manchester, and
+by 6 a.m. Train from
+Birmingham
+Passengers booked by this conveyance for    4 Inside Coach, G.J. 23s.
+the entire distance only.                   London 1. 10s. = 2. 13s.
+Children under Ten Years of age Half              Night Trains.
+Price. Ditto in arms free
+                                            6 Inside Coach, G.J. 21s.
+                                            London 1. 12s. 6d. = 2.
+                                            13s. 6d.
+                                            4 Inside Coach, G.J. 23s.
+                                            London 1. 12s. 6d. = 2.
+                                            15s. 6d.
+One Horse                         2      0  G.J. 2         4.      10s
+                                            London 2.
+                                            10s =
+Two Horses, if one property       3      0  ,,   3          8
+and in one box.                             ,,   5
+                                            =
+Three do do                       4      0  ,,   4         10
+                                            ,,   6
+                                            =
+Dogs each                         0      3
+Gentlemen's Carriages, four       3      0  ,,   3         6.     15s.
+wheels                                      ,,   3.
+                                            15s =
+Do   do   two wheels              2      0  ,,   2         5.     15s.
+                                            ,,   3.
+                                            15s =
+Passengers in Private             0     17  ,,  17s.       1.     17s.
+Carriages                                   Lond.
+                                            (20s. Day
+                                            25s.           2.      2s.
+                                            Night
+Servants                          0     14  ,,  14s.       1.     14s.
+                                            ,,  20s.
+                                            Day
+                                            25s.           1.     19s.
+                                            Night
+Grooms in charge of Horses,       0     14
+if riding with them in the
+box.
+Servants, in attendance on        0     17
+their Employers, may ride
+outside, if there be room,
+by First Class Trains, at
+Second Class Fares.
+
+For intermediate distances all Carriages, whether on two or four wheels,
+will be charged alike.
+
+Passengers are particularly requested to see that their Luggage is safely
+loaded on the Carriages before starting, and that it is legibly directed
+with the Owner's name, address, and destination.
+
+
+Officers of the Grand Junction Railway:--
+
+
+JOHN MOSS, Esq., OF LIVERPOOL, CHAIRMAN.
+
+C. LAWRENCE, Esq., OF LIVERPOOL, DEPUTY CHAIRMAN.
+
+J. R. CHORLEY, Esq., OF LIVERPOOL, TREASURER.
+
+MR. S. EBORALL, CHIEF AGENT AT BIRMINGHAM.
+
+MR. G. BAKER, CHIEF AGENT AT MANCHESTER.
+
+
+
+GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY.--CONVEYANCE OF MERCHANDISE.
+
+
+The rates for the conveyances of Merchandise from Liverpool and
+Manchester to Birmingham, and from Birmingham to Liverpool and Manchester
+respectively, for the present, are as follows:--
+
+1st Class--Heavy hardware, 1s 6d. per cwt.  No charge less than 1s. 6d.
+
+2nd Class--Bale goods, fruit, grocery, shoes, shell fish, wines and
+spirits in casks, &c., &c., 2s. per cwt.
+
+3rd Class--Silk goods, light trusses, toys, wines and spirits in bottles
+packed, fish, furniture, wool, tea, &c., &c., 2s. 6d. and 3s. per cwt.
+
+4th Class--Hats, light glasses in crates, and milliner's boxes, &c., 7s.
+per cwt.
+
+
+
+Charge for Parcels to date from Oct. 1st, 1838, between Liverpool and
+Manchester and Birmingham.
+
+                                                     s.      d.
+                      Under 18lbs. weight.
+For any distance under 35 miles                         0       6
+      ,, ,, above 35, and not exceeding 50 miles        1       0
+Entire distance                                         1       6
+                      Above 18lbs. weight.
+For any distance under 35 miles                      .5d. per lb.
+      ,, ,, above 35, and not exceeding 50 miles         .75d. ,,
+      ,, ,, ,, 50, to the entire distance                 1d.  ,,
+            From Liverpool and Manchester to London.
+15 lbs. and under                                     2s.     6d.
+Above 15 lbs.                                         2d. per lb.
+
+Large light packages will be charged according to the bulk, &c., at the
+discretion of the Company.  Any person sending a parcel is authorised to
+require its being booked in his presence, as the Company will not be
+answerable for any parcels that are not entered in their books.
+
+
+
+LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY.
+
+
+Travelling by the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 1838.--The following
+are the Times of Departure both from Lime Street Station, Liverpool, and
+from Liverpool Road Station, Manchester.
+
+First Class, 7, 9, 11, a.m., and 2, 3, 7, p.m.
+
+Second Class, 7.25, 10, 12, a.m., and 3, 5.5, 7, p.m.--Stopping only at
+Newton, except on Tuesdays and Saturdays, when the evening Second Class
+Train from Manchester starts at 6, instead of 5.5 o'clock.
+
+
+
+On Sundays.
+
+
+First Class, 8 a.m. and 5 p.m.--Second Class, 7 a.m. and 5.5 p.m.
+
+
+Fares.
+
+                                                         s.     d.
+By First Class train--Four inside--Royal Mail             6      6
+         ditto--Six  inside--Glass Coach                  6      0
+By 2nd Class train--Glass Coaches                         6      0
+         ditto--Open carriages                            4      6
+Charge for the conveyance of Four-wheeled carriages      20      0
+         ditto--Two-wheeled ditto                        15      0
+Horses--For One horse 10s. --Two horses 18s. --Three horses 22s.
+
+N.B.--All Horses must be embarked at the Company's Station, EDGE HILL,
+(Wavertree-lane,) unless accompanying Carriages to which they belong; in
+which case they may be embarked at LIME STREET.
+
+
+Luggage.
+
+
+NOTICE.--To prevent loss or mistake of Luggage, Passengers are requested
+to keep charge of their small Packages, by placing them under their
+Seats, instead of on the Roof of the Coach.--The Weight allowed for each
+Passenger is 60lb., beyond which a Charge will be made at the rate of 3s.
+per cwt.
+
+
+
+Liverpool and Manchester to Wigan.
+
+
+By the First Class train 7 a.m.--2nd Class trains 10, 12, a.m. and 5.5
+p.m.
+
+
+On Sundays.
+
+
+               By the 2nd Class Trains 7 a.m., and 5.5 p.m.
+
+FARES.--From Liverpool or Manchester, 1st Class 5s.; 2nd Class 3s. 6d.
+
+
+
+Liverpool and Manchester to Bolton.
+
+
+By the 1st Class Train 9 a.m.--2nd Class Trains 7.25, 12, a.m., and 5.5
+p.m.
+
+
+On Sundays.
+
+
+               By the 2nd Class Trains 7 am., and 5.5 p.m.
+
+FARES.--From Liverpool, In. 5s. 6d., Out. 4s.; and from Manchester, 2s.
+6d. and 2s.
+
+
+
+Liverpool and Manchester to St. Helens.
+
+
+By the 2nd Class Trains, 7.25, 10, 12, a.m., and 3, 5.5, p.m.
+
+
+On Sundays.
+
+
+               By the 2nd Class Trains 7 a.m., and 5.5 p.m.
+
+FARES.--From Liverpool In. 2s. 6d. Out 2s.; and from Manchester, 3s. 6d.
+and 2s. 6d.
+
+
+
+Liverpool and Manchester to Runcorn Gap.
+
+
+               By the 2nd Class Trains 7.5 a.m., and 3 p.m.
+
+
+On Sundays.
+
+
+               By the 2nd Class Trains 7 a.m. and 5.5 p.m.
+
+FARES.--From Liverpool, In. 3s., Out. 2s. 6d.; and from Manchester 4s.
+and 3s.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+
+THE VISITER'S GUIDE TO BIRMINGHAM, {97a} LIVERPOOL, AND MANCHESTER.
+
+
+BIRMINGHAM.
+
+
+PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
+
+
+The Town Hall, {97b} situate at the top of New-street; open to strangers.
+
+The Free School, New-street.
+
+Market Hall, High-street.
+
+Royal School of Medicine and Surgery, Paradise-street, opposite the Town
+Hall, where an extensive Museum is at all times open to the public.
+
+The Society of Arts, New-street.  Exhibition of Paintings open in the
+Autumn.
+
+Nelson's Monument, High-street.
+
+The Theatre Royal, New-street.
+
+News Rooms, Bennett's Hill.
+
+Public Office, Moor-street.
+
+
+PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS.
+
+
+Post Office, situate at the bottom of Bennett's Hill.
+
+Stamp Office, Colmore Row.
+
+Assay Office, Cannon-street.
+
+The Cemetery, Hockley.
+
+Proof House, Banbury-street.
+
+
+LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS.
+
+
+The Society of Arts, New-street.  Exhibition of Paintings open in the
+Autumn.
+
+Philosophical Institution, Cannon-street.
+
+Mechanic's Institution, Cannon-street.
+
+Botanical & Horticultural Society.  The Gardens are at Edgbaston.
+Strangers are admitted by a subscriber's order.
+
+Old Library, Union-street.
+
+New Library, Temple Row West.
+
+Law Library, Waterloo-street.
+
+Medical Library, at the Royal School of Medicine, Paradise-street.
+
+
+PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS.
+
+
+Theatre Royal, New-street.
+
+Ryan's Amphitheatre, Bradford-street.
+
+Billiard Rooms, Waterloo-street, adjoining the News Room; New-street,
+adjoining the Theatre; and Cannon-street.
+
+
+PUBLIC CHARITIES.
+
+
+General Hospital, Summer Lane.
+
+Dispensary, Union-street.
+
+Asylum, (for Destitute Children,) near to Aston Park.
+
+Workhouse, Lichfield-street.
+
+Magdalen Asylum and Chapel, Islington.
+
+Infirmary for Diseases of the Eye, Cannon-street.
+
+
+SCHOOLS.
+
+
+Free Grammar School, New-street.
+
+Blue Coat School, east side of St. Philip's Church Yard.
+
+Infant Schools, Ann-street and Cherry-street.
+
+National Schools, Pinfold-street.
+
+Lancasterian School, Severn-street.
+
+Protestant Dissenters' Charity School, for females, Park-street.
+
+Deaf and Dumb Institution, Edgbaston.
+
+
+MISCELLANEOUS.
+
+
+Barracks, Great Brook-street, Ashted.
+
+Court of Requests, High-street.
+
+Duddeston Hall Lunatic Asylum, Duddeston.
+
+Old Gas Works, Broad-street.
+
+The Baths, (swimming, and hot and cold private Baths,) at Lady Well, near
+the bottom of Worcester-street.
+
+Vauxhall Gardens, Ashted.
+
+
+PLACES OF WORSHIP.
+
+Church of England.
+
+Churches and Chapels.   Ministers, with their     Services commence.
+                             Residences.
+St. Martin's,           Rev. T. Moseley,        .5 past 10, 3, .5
+Bull-ring               M.A., Bath-row,         past 6.
+                        Rector; Rev. M. W.
+                        Foye, A.M.,
+                        Exeter-row, Curate;
+                        Rev. C. Arnold, A.M.,
+                        Sandpits, Lecturer.
+
+
+St. Philip's, Temple    Rev. L. Gardner,        .5 past 10, .25 past
+row                     D.D., Rectory,          3.
+                        Rector; Rev. J. W.
+                        Downes, M.A.,
+                        Colmore-row,
+                        Lecturer; Rev. B.
+                        Spurrell, M.A. 36 St.
+                        Paul's-square,
+                        Curate.
+St. George's, St.       Rev. John Garbett,      .25 before 11, .5
+George's                M.A., Hockley-hill,     past 3, and .5 past
+                        Rector; Rev. Layton     6; Wednesday, .25
+                        Irwen, Gt.              past 7.
+                        Hampton-street,
+                        Curate.
+St. Thomas's,           Rev. Wm. Marsh, M.A.,   .5 past 10, 3, and .5
+Holloway-head           Hagley-row, Rector;     past 6; Tuesday, 7,
+                        Rev. Charles Lowe,      prayer meeting;
+                        B.A., Bedford-place,    Sunday, 7; Friday, .5
+                        Bristol-road, Curate.   past 7.
+All Saints', Hockley    Rev. S. F. Morgan,      .5 past 10, 3.
+                        M.A., Grosvenor-row,
+                        Birmingham-heath,
+                        Rector.
+Christ Church,          Rev. J. G. Breay,       .5 past 10, .5 past
+Paradise-street         B.A., Crescent,         6; Thursday, 7.
+                        Minister; Rev. Daniel
+                        Ledsam, B.A.,
+                        Summer-hill, Curate.
+St. Bartholomew's,      Rev. Thomas Nunns,      11, .5 past 6.
+Bartholomew-square      M.A., Crescent,
+                        Minister.
+St. Mary's, St.         Rev. J. C. Barratt,     .5 past 10, 3, .5
+Mary's square           M.A., St. Mary's-row,   past 6.
+                        Minister; Rev. E.
+                        Hall, M.A.,
+                        Summer-hill, Curate.
+St. Paul's, St.         Rev. Rann Kennedy,      .25 before 11, .5
+Paul's square           M.A., The Hollies,      past 6.
+                        Hall Green, Minister;
+                        Rev. William Wenman,
+                        St. Paul's-square,
+                        Curate.
+St. Peter's, Dale-end   Rev. Charles Craven,    11, .5 past 6.
+                        M.A., Edgbaston,
+                        Minister.
+Bishop Ryder's,
+Stafford-street
+St. John's, Deritend    Rev. E. Palmer,         11, .5 past 6.
+                        High-gate, Minister;
+                        Rev. J. Collisson,
+                        B.A., Camphill,
+                        Curate.
+St. James's, Ashted     Rev. Josiah Allport,    .5 past 10, .5 past
+                        Ashted, Minister.       6.
+Trinity, Bordesley      Rev. S. Crane, B.A.,    .5 past 10, .5 past
+                        Bordesley, Minister.    3; in winter 3.
+Aston Church, Aston     Rev. G. O. Fenwicke,    11, 3.
+                        M.A., Vicarage,
+                        Vicar; Rev. Horace
+                        Chavasse, Curate.
+Edgbaston Church,       Rev. Charles Pixell,    11, .5 past 3.
+Edgbaston               M.A., Vicarage,
+                        Vicar.
+St. George's,
+Calthorpe-street,
+Edgbaston
+Handsworth Church,      Rev. John Hargreaves,   11, 3.
+Handsworth              M.A., Rectory,
+                        Rector; Rev. D. N.
+                        Walton, M.A.,
+                        Heathfield-lane,
+                        Curate.
+Magdalen Chapel,
+Islington
+
+Dissenters.
+
+ Chapels and Meeting     Ministers, and their     Services commence.
+       Houses.               Residences.
+                      _Association Methodists_.
+Newhall street,         Mr. J. Handley,         .5 past 10, 6;
+                        Minister.               Wednesday, .25 past
+                                                7.
+                             _Baptists_.
+Cannon-street           Rev. T. Swann,          .5 past 10, 3, and .5
+                        Wheeley's Lane,         past 6; Monday and
+                        Edgbaston.              Thursday, .5 past 7.
+Bond street             Rev. T. Morgan,         .5 past 10, .5 past
+                        Regent place,           6; Monday and
+                        Harper's hill.          Wednesday, .5 past 7.
+Graham-street           Rev. J. Hoby, D.D.,     .5 past 10, .5 past
+                        Camden-hill.            6; Monday and
+                                                Wednesday, .5 past 7.
+Newhall-street          Rev. J. Ham,            .5 past 10, 3, and .5
+                        Bath-street.            past 6; Monday and
+                                                Wednesday, .5 past 7.
+Lombard street          Rev. G. Cheatle,        11, 3, and .5 past 6;
+                        Lombard-street.         Monday and Wednesday,
+                                                .5 past 7.
+                            _Calvinists_.
+Bartholomew-street      Rev. Mr. Telford,       .5 past 10, 6; Monday
+                        Bordesley-place.        and Wednesday, .5
+                                                past 7.
+Zoah Chapel,            Rev. James Jay.         .5 past 10, and .5
+Cambridge-street                                past 6; Wednesday, .5
+                                                past 7.
+Lawrence-street         Rev. Thomas             .5 past 10, 3, and
+                        Buckingham.             half past 6; Monday
+                                                and Thursday, .5 past
+                                                7
+                       _Dependent Methodists_.
+Buck-street             Various Preachers.      .5 past 10, 2, & 6;
+                                                Tuesday, .5 past 7;
+                                                Thursday, 8.
+                 _Holy Catholic & Apostolic Church_.
+Newhall-street,         Mr. Barclay.            6, 10, 2, .5 before
+                                                4, 5, .5 past 6; also
+                                                daily, 6, and 5.
+                           _Independents_.
+Carr's lane             Rev. J. A. James,       .5 past 10, .5 past
+                        Edgbaston.              6; Monday and
+                                                Wednesday, .5 past 7.
+Steelhouse-lane         Rev. T. East,           11, .5 past 6; Monday
+                        Sparkbrook.             and Wednesday, .5
+                                                past 7.
+Livery-street           Rev. J. Allsop, 7,      .25 before 11, .5
+                        Newhall-hill.           past 6; Monday and
+                                                Thursday, .25 past 7.
+Legge-street            Messrs. Clay and        .5 past 10, .5 past
+                        Derrington, alternate   6; Tuesday &
+                        Preachers.              Thursday, .5 past 7.
+Great Barr-street       Various Preachers.      .5 past 10, .5 past
+                                                6.
+Union Chapel,           Rev. J. Hammond,        11, 3, and .5 past 6.
+Handsworth              Union Row,
+                        Handsworth.
+Saltley, near the       Various Preachers.      .5 past 10, and 3.
+Railway
+                          _Jews' Synagogue_.
+Severn-street           Rev. Mr. Chapman,       On Saturday at .5
+                        Smallbrook-street,      past 8, during the
+                        Reader.                 winter months, & 8,
+                                                Summer months; 1, and
+                                                at sunset.
+                         _Lady Huntingdon's_.
+King-street             Rev. John Jones,        .5 past 10, 3, & .5
+                        Bristol Road.           past 6; Monday,
+                                                Wednesday, and
+                                                Friday, .5 past 7.  A
+                                                Welsh service at 2
+                                                every Sunday
+                                                afternoon.
+                       _New Jerusalem Church_.
+Summer Lane             Rev. E. Madeley,        .25 before 11, & .5
+                        Summer-lane.            past 6.
+                     _New Connexion Methodists_.
+Oxford-street           Rev. J. Curtis,         .5 past 10, .5 past
+                        Ravenhurst street.      2, & 6; Tuesday &
+                                                Friday, .5 past 7.
+                       _Primitive Methodists_.
+Inge-street             Various Preachers.
+Bordesley-street        Various Preachers.
+                          _Roman Catholics_.
+St. Chad's,             Rev. E. Peach and       .25 past 8, .5 past
+Shadwell-street         Rev. J. Abbott.         9, .5 past 10, .5
+                                                past 3, and .5 past
+                                                6.
+St. Peter's, St         Rev. T. M. McDonnell,   9, .5 past 10, .5
+Peter's place           St. Peter's place.      past 3, & .5 past 6.
+                        _Society of Friends_.
+Bull-street                                     10, 3, in Winter, and
+                                                6 in Summer;
+                                                Wednesday, 10.
+                           _Scotch Church_.
+Broad-street            Rev. Robert Wallace,    11 & .5 past 6.
+                        M.A., No. 1,
+                        Summer-hill Terrace,
+                        Sandpits.
+                            _Unitarians_.
+Old Meeting-house,      Rev. Hugh Hutton,       11 & .5 past 6.
+Grub-street             Edgbaston.
+New Meeting-house,      Rev. John Kentish,      11 & 3.
+Moor street             Bourn-brook,
+                        Bristol-road; Rev. S.
+                        Bache,
+                        Frederick-street,
+                        Edgbaston.
+Thorp-street            Various Preachers.      11, .5 past 6;
+                                                Wednesday, .5 past 7.
+Cambridge-street,       Various Preachers.      11, 3.
+Crescent
+                      _Birmingham West Circuit_.
+Cherry-street           Rev. G. B. McDonald,    .5 past 10, 3, and 6;
+                        45, Newhall-street.     Tuesday and Thursday,
+                                                .25 past 7.
+Wesley Chapel,          Rev. T. Dicken, 17,     .5 past 10, 3, and .5
+Constitution-hill       Vittoria-street.        past 6; Tuesday, .25
+                                                past 7.
+Islington Chapel        Rev. J. Lomas, Hagley   .5 past 10, .5 past
+                        Road.                   2, and 6; Wednesday,
+                                                .25 past 7.
+Bristol-road            Rev. J. P. Haswell,     .5 past 10, .5 past
+                        Wellington-road.        2, and 6; Tuesday;
+                                                .25 past 7.
+                      _Birmingham East Circuit_.
+Belmont-row             Rev. D. Walton,         .5 past 10, .5 past
+                        Belmont row.            2, and 6; Wednesday
+                                                .25 past 7.
+Bradford-street         Rev. J. Barton,         .5 past 10, .5 past
+                        Camphill.               2, and 6; Wednesday,
+                                                .5 past 7.
+New-town Row            Rev. W. Griffith,       .5 past 10, .5 past
+                        Jun.                    2, and 6; Thursday,
+                                                .5 past 7.
+
+PRINCIPAL SHOW ROOMS AND MANUFACTORIES. {106}
+
+
+Soho, Handsworth.
+
+
+BRASS FOUNDERS.
+
+
+Anderton, W. and Sons, 6, Whittall-street.
+
+Barber, J., and Green, 15, Newhall-street.
+
+Bourn, John, 31, Lionel-street.
+
+Docker, Thomas, and Sons, Whittall-street.
+
+Heaton, Ralph, 70 and 71, Bath-street.
+
+Horn, Thomas, Temple-row.
+
+Lingham Brothers, 170, Little Hampton-street.
+
+Messenger, Thomas, and Sons, 22, Broad-street.
+
+Ratcliff, J. and E., St. Paul's Square.
+
+Simcox, Pemberton, and Co., 42, Livery-street.
+
+Smith, Timothy, and Sons, 4, Bartholomew-street.
+
+Standley, James, 43, Staniforth-street.
+
+Swift, James, 7, Whittall-street.
+
+Winfield, R. W., Cambridge-street.
+
+
+BRITISH PLATE MANUFACTURERS.
+
+
+Brown & Ball, Paradise-street.
+
+Evans & Askin, George-street, Sand Pits.
+
+Merry & Co., Cherry-street.
+
+Sturges & Son, 26, Lichfield-street.
+
+
+BUTTON MANUFACTURERS.
+
+
+Armfield, Edward, Newhall-street.
+
+Aston, J., St. Paul's Square.
+
+Bartleet, T., and Sons, 126, Great Charles-street.
+
+Elliott, W., Frederick-street, Regent-street.
+
+Hammond, Turner, and Sons, Snowhill.
+
+Hardman, J., and Co., 12, Paradise-street.
+
+Jennens and Co., Old Meeting-house-yard, Deritend.
+
+Ledsam, Thomas, and Sons, 10, Great Charles-street.
+
+Smith, C. F., 14, Newhall-street.
+
+Steadman, R., Jun., 35, Edmund-street.
+
+
+CUT AND PLAIN GLASS MANUFACTURERS.
+
+
+Bedford, Sarah, & Co., 16, New-street.
+
+Henderson, (Stainer of Glass,) New-street.
+
+Price, High-street.
+
+Rollason, Thomas, (Manufacturer to the Royal Family,) Steel-house Lane.
+
+Osler, F. & C., Broad street.
+
+
+GLASS WORKS.
+
+
+Bacchus and Green, Union Glass Works, Dartmouth-street.
+
+Gammon, W. & Co., Belmont Glass Works, Great Brook-street.
+
+Goold & Co., AEtna Glass Works, Broad-street.
+
+Harris, Rice, Islington Glass Works, Sheepcote-street, Broad-street.
+
+Thomson and Shaw, Bagot-street.
+
+
+GUN AND PISTOL MAKERS.
+
+
+Busby, J., 30.5, New-street.
+
+Dugard, R., 29, Whittall-street.
+
+Jones, Charles, 16, Whittall-street.
+
+Meredith, H., and Son, 48, St. Paul's Square.
+
+Powell, W., 49, High-street.
+
+Pritchard, W., 135, New-street.
+
+Redfern, B., Caroline-street.
+
+Richards, Westley, 82, High-street.
+
+Sargant and Son, 74, Edmund-street.
+
+Wheeler, R., and Son, 27, Snow-hill.
+
+
+HOTHOUSE AND HORTICULTURAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTORS--METALLIC AND COPPER
+SASH MANUFACTURERS.
+
+
+Clark, Thomas, jun., 55, Lionel-street.
+
+Daft, Thomas, & Son, Town Hall Foundry, Paradise-street.
+
+
+IRON FOUNDERS.
+
+
+Boulton, Watt, & Co., Soho.
+
+Capper, Charles Henry, Broad-street.
+
+Jones, George, Phoenix Foundry, Snowhill.
+
+Jones, Thomas, & Sons, Bradford-street.
+
+Mole, T. & W., Pagoda Works, Bordesley.--Show Rooms, Smithfield.
+
+Smith & Hawkes, Eagle Foundry, Broad-street.
+
+
+JAPANNERS.
+
+
+Bill, R. & G., 14, Summer Lane.
+
+Jennens & Bettridge, (Paper Tray Makers to her Majesty,) 99, Constitution
+Hill.
+
+Lane, Thomas, Great Hampton-street.
+
+Room, James, 28, Summer Row.
+
+
+JEWELLERS, SILVERSMITHS, AND EMPORIUMS FOR EVERY DESCRIPTION OF CUTLERY,
+PLATED WARES, &C.
+
+
+Soho Plate Company, Handsworth.
+
+Collis, G. R., Church-street.
+
+Edwards, Ball, & Co., 82, High-street, where may be seen a very extensive
+stock of silver goods and jewellery.
+
+Mapplebeck & Lowe, Bull Ring.
+
+
+LAMP, CHANDELIER, CANDELABRA, LUSTRE, &c., MANUFACTURERS.
+
+
+Aspinall, T., 33, Lower Temple-street.
+
+Blakeway, John, Edgbaston-street.
+
+Blakeway, Thomas William, Broad-street.
+
+Messenger, Thomas, & Sons, Broad-street.
+
+Osler, Follett, Broad-street, Islington.
+
+Phipson & Evans, Newhall-street.
+
+Ratcliff, John & Charles, 140, Suffolk-street.
+
+Salt, Thomas Clutton, 17 & 18, Edmund-street.
+
+Smith, Timothy, & Sons, 4, Bartholomew street.
+
+
+METAL ROLLERS.
+
+
+Cooke, Roome, & Harley, Fazeley-street.
+
+Muntz, George Frederick, Water-street.
+
+Phipson, William, Fazeley-street.
+
+Union Rolling Mills, Cambridge-street.
+
+
+PIN MAKERS.
+
+
+Phipson, T., & Sons, Broad-street.
+
+Latham & Kilmister, Lancaster-street.
+
+
+PLATERS, AND MANUFACTURERS OF SILVER AND PLATED WARES.
+
+
+Baker, W. T., 42, Paradise-street.
+
+Collis, G. R., Church-street.
+
+Dixon, Matthew, 137, Snow-hill.
+
+Kirkham, T., 13, Cherry-street, Union-street.
+
+Parker, J., & Sons, 23.5, Summer-row.
+
+Parker, John Frederick, 72, High-street.
+
+Ryland, William, 167, Great Charles-street.
+
+Soho Plate Company, Soho.
+
+Spooner, Painter, & Co., 12, New Market-street, Great Charles-street.
+
+Waterhouse & Son, 22, Hill-street.
+
+Wilkinson, Thomas, & Co., 15, Great Hampton-street.
+
+Willmore & Co., Bread-street.
+
+
+STEAM ENGINE MANUFACTURERS.
+
+
+Boulton & Watt, Soho, Handsworth.
+
+Capper, C. H., Broad-street.
+
+Donaldson & Glasgow, 53, Suffolk-street.
+
+Smith & Hawkes, Eagle Foundry, Broad-street.
+
+Jones, George, Phoenix Foundry, Snow-hill and Lionel-street.
+
+Penn, Samuel, Great Lister-street Steam Mill.
+
+Tongue, W., 95, Bordesley-street.
+
+
+SCREW MANUFACTURERS.
+
+
+James, J., Bradford-street.
+
+Ledsam, Messrs., Edmund-street.
+
+Ryland, H., Oozell-street, Broad-street.
+
+
+MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURERS, &c.
+
+
+Knight, Henry, Machinist, 15, Ann-street.
+
+Middlemore, --, Holloway-head, Saddlers' Ironmonger.
+
+Room, W. & F., Parade, Wholesale Saddlers and Bridle Makers.
+
+Rodgers & Co., Broad-street, Brace and Belt Manufacturers.
+
+
+POST OFFICE, BENNETT'S HILL.
+
+
+_The following Statement shows the time of Arrival and Departure of the
+various Mails_.
+
+    ARRIVALS.                                         DEPARTURE.
+    4 25  A.M.     Bristol                             9 20     P.M.
+    5 48  ,,       London                              8 50       ,,
+       7  ,,       Sutton Messenger                    7 15     A.M.
+    7 50  ,,       Banbury                             6 50     P.M.
+   10 23  ,,       Chipping Norton                        3       ,,
+   11 30  ,,       First G. J. Railway                 5 45     A.M.
+      Noon         Bilston Messenger                   2 30     P.M.
+    4 30  P.M.     Second G. J. Railway               11 15     A.M.
+    4 30  ,,       Sheffield                           5 30       ,,
+    5  2  ,,       Yarmouth                            7 45       ,,
+    5 35  ,,       Leamington                             7       ,,
+    5 15  ,,       Oldbury Messenger                   7 15       ,,
+       6  ,,       Halesowen / Castle Bromwich /       7 15       ,,
+                   Great Barr
+    6 45  ,,       London {110}                        7 38       ,,
+    6 20  ,,       Tamworth                               7       ,,
+    7 55  ,,       Worcester                              7       ,,
+    8 30  ,,       Stourport                           6 30       ,,
+    8 31  ,,       Holyhead                            6 23       ,,
+    8 40  ,,       Third G.J. Railway                  2 15     P.M.
+   11 45  ,,       Fourth G.J. Railway                 6 45       ,,
+
+A second bag for London is despatched by the midnight Mail, and arrives
+there in time for an afternoon delivery.
+
+On Tuesdays and Fridays a Foreign Bag is forwarded to London by a mail
+which leaves Birmingham at .5 past 12 at noon.
+
+The Letter Box closes at 6.5 a.m., for the despatch of the mails to
+Holyhead, Yarmouth, Worcester, Leamington, and Stourport; at 8 p.m. for
+the despatch of the London and Bristol mails, and half an hour previous
+to the departure of any of the other mails.
+
+The delivery of Letters from the office window commences at .5 past 7
+a.m., with the letters brought by the Bristol and London mails.  Letters
+by the other mails are ready for delivery in 30 Minutes after their
+arrival until 8 p.m., at which period this window is closed.  At .5 past
+8 p.m. it opens again for the delivery of letters brought by the
+Worcester, Stourport, Third Railway, and Holyhead mails, and it continues
+open until 10 p.m.
+
+There are two general deliveries by letter-carriers within the town, the
+first commencing at .5 past 7 a.m., and the second at about a .25 after 5
+p.m., except on Sundays, when there is no afternoon delivery.
+
+When any delay occurs in the arrival of the mails, a corresponding delay
+will necessarily occur in the delivery.
+
+              RECEIVING HOUSES FOR GENERAL POST OFFICE.
+Mr. W. Hewitt, Grocer,              Mr. J. White, 235,
+Hagley-row.                         Bristol-street.
+Mr. E. Gunn, 1, Kenyon-street.      Miss Davies, Lower Terrace, Sand
+                                    Pits
+Mr. W. Drury, 30,                   Mrs. Wood 172, High Street,
+Lancaster-street.                   Deritend
+Mr. T. Ash, Druggist,
+Prospect-row.
+
+HACKNEY COACH FARES.
+
+
+DRAWN BY TWO HORSES.  Not exceeding half a mile, 1s.--ditto one mile, 1s.
+6d.--ditto one mile and a half, 2s.--ditto two miles, 2s. 6d.--ditto
+three miles, 3s. 6d.--ditto four miles, 5s.
+
+DRAWN BY ONE HORSE.--Not exceeding one mile, 1s.--ditto one mile and a
+half, 1s. 6d.--ditto two miles, 2s.--ditto two miles and a half, 2s.
+6d.--ditto three miles, 3s.--ditto three miles and a half, 3s. 6d.--ditto
+four miles, 4s.
+
+Returning with the same Fare, half the foregoing charges.
+
+TIME.  Between the hours of nine in the morning and twelve at
+night--twenty minutes, 6d.--forty minutes, 1s.--every twenty minutes
+above forty, 6d., for being detained.
+
+TIME.  Between twelve at night and six in the morning--double the
+foregoing fares.
+
+PENALTY.  Not exceeding twenty shillings, for every offence, in case any
+driver shall refuse to show a list of the above fares, if required.
+
+
+BANKERS,
+WITH THE HOUSES WHICH THEY DRAW UPON IN LONDON.
+
+Taylor and Lloyds, Dale-end.        Hanburys, Taylors, & Lloyds.
+Attwoods, Spooner & Co., New        Spooner, Attwoods & Co.
+street.
+J. L. Moilliet & Son, Cherry        Sir. J. W. Lubbock & Co.
+street.
+Birmingham Banking Co.,             Jones, Lloyd & Co.; & Glyn,
+Bennett's-hill.                     Halifax & Co.
+Birmingham Borough Bank, Bull       Prescott, Grote & Co.
+street.
+Nat. Prov. Bank of Birm.            Hanburys, Taylors & Lloyds.
+Bennett's-hill.
+Birm. Town & Dist. Bank,            Barclay, Bevan & Co.
+Colmore-row.
+Birm. & Mid. Banking Co.,           Williams, Deacon & Co.
+Union-street.
+Branch Bank of England,
+Bennett's-hill.
+Savings' Bank, Temple-row, open on Monday and Thursday, from Twelve
+till Two o'clock.
+
+INNS.
+
+The Royal Hotel         Temple Row              The principal Family
+                                                Houses.
+New Royal ditto         New-street
+Stork                   Old Square              Family & Commercial
+Hen and Chickens        New-street              Coach, Family, and
+                                                Commercial.
+Swan                    High-street & New-st.
+Albion                  High-street
+Nelson                  High-street
+Castle                  High-street
+Saracen's Head          Bull-street
+St. George's Tavern     High-street
+Union                   Union-street            Chiefly Commercial.
+White Hart              Digbeth
+George                  Digbeth
+Woolpack                Moor-street
+King's Head             Worcester-street
+
+COMMERCIAL BOARDING HOUSES.
+
+
+J. Jones, 12, Union Passage;
+
+Misses E. & C. Puddicombe, (Private & Commercial,) 3, Colmore-row;
+
+J. Smith, 72, Newhall-street;
+
+Glover, 118, New-street.
+
+
+OMNIBUS OFFICES.
+
+
+High-street; Bull-street, and Snow-hill.
+
+
+LIST OF NEWSPAPERS.--_July_ 31, 1838.
+
+_Monday_     ARIS'S GAZETTE--General and Commercial Advertising
+             Paper, established nearly a century.  Average weekly
+             circulation, 3,250 copies.
+_Thursday_   THE MIDLAND COUNTIES' HERALD--A general business Paper,
+             circulated to a considerable extent, gratuitously, and
+             containing commercial and other information, but no
+             political discussions.  The guaranteed circulation is
+             5,000 copies weekly.
+    --       BIRMINGHAM ADVERTISER--Tory.  Circulation, 1,750 copies
+             weekly.
+_Saturday_   BIRMINGHAM JOURNAL--Radical and intelligent.
+             Circulation, 2,500 copies weekly.
+
+CANAL CONVEYANCE.
+
+
+Bird, G. R., & Son, Crescent; all parts.
+
+Crowley, Hicklin, Batty, & Co., Crescent; all parts.
+
+Danks, J., Broad-street; Liverpool, Manchester, Hull, and all places on
+the eastern coast.
+
+Danks, J., Great Charles-street; Bristol and the West of England.
+
+Greaves, Broad-street; Stratford-on-Avon, &c.
+
+Pickford & Co., Fazeley-street and Worcester Wharfs; all parts of the
+kingdom.
+
+Partridge, W. & Co., No. 5, Warehouse, Worcester Wharf; Worcester,
+Gloucester, and Bristol.
+
+Partt, C., Jun., Crescent; Stratford-on-Avon.
+
+Shipton & Co., Broad-street; Liverpool, Manchester, and all parts of the
+North of England.
+
+Smith, Great Charles-street.
+
+Swain & Co., Friday Bridge; Hull, the North, and Sheffield.
+
+Sturland, Thomas, Crescent; Bristol, Liverpool, Manchester, and all parts
+of the North.
+
+Southan, Worcester Wharf; Bristol and Wales.
+
+Smith & Wilkinson, 161, Great Charles-street; Walsall.
+
+Wheatcroft & Sons, Crescent; all parts North and East.
+
+Whitehouse & Sons, Crescent, all parts.
+
+Worthington & Co., Great Charles-street; Liverpool, Manchester, and all
+parts of the North.
+
+
+WAGGON WAREHOUSES.
+
+
+John Shackel, 52, Dale-end; London and all parts.
+
+G. Swain & Co., Friday Bridge; Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Carlisle, Durham,
+York, Hull, &c.
+
+Mead, 138, Moor-street; all parts.
+
+W. Ashmore, Edgbaston-street; Bristol and the West, and all parts of
+Norfolk.
+
+Jolly, Bromsgrove-street; London.
+
+Wheatcroft & Sons, Crescent; Leeds, Sheffield, and the North, Bristol,
+and all parts of the West.
+
+Haines & Co.'s Fly Vans, White Horse, Moor-street; London and Bristol.
+
+J. Butler, 88, Coleshill-street; Staffordshire and the Potteries.
+
+Wade & Co., Bordesley-street; Bristol and the West, Sheffield, and the
+North.
+
+Red Lion, Park-street, Digbeth; London, Bristol, and all parts.
+
+
+PLACES OF NOTE ADJACENT TO BIRMINGHAM.
+
+
+The tourist will find the following places well deserving his attention,
+and to which coaches are daily passing.  The figures denote the miles
+distant from Birmingham.
+
+The Ruins of Kenilworth Castle, 18.
+
+The Ruins of Dudley Castle, 9.
+
+Warwick Castle, 20.
+
+Guy's Cliff, near Warwick, 21.
+
+Lichfield Cathedral, 17.
+
+Leamington Spa, 22.
+
+Hagley Park, 12.
+
+
+
+LIVERPOOL
+
+
+PUBLIC AMUSEMENTS.
+
+
+Theatre Royal, East Williamson Square.
+
+Royal Amphitheatre, Great Charlotte-street.
+
+The Liver Theatre, at the top of Church-street.
+
+Queen's Theatre, or Circus, Christian-street.
+
+Sans Pareil, Great Charlotte-street.
+
+
+PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND OBJECTS OF ATTRACTION.
+
+
+Botanical Gardens, Edge Lane; admittance by ticket, to be obtained at all
+the Hotels.
+
+Custom House, Excise, Dock Office, Post Office, under the same roof,
+South Castle-street
+
+Cemetery, St. James's, top of Duke-street.
+
+-- Necropolis, Low Hill.
+
+Exchange, Castle-street.
+
+House of Industry, Brownlow Hill.
+
+Infirmary, Dover-street.
+
+Lunatic Asylum, Brownlow Hill.
+
+Pistol Gallery, Tarlton-street, Williamson Square.
+
+Sessions House, situate at the West of the Exchange.
+
+Statue of George the Third, bottom of Pembroke Place, in London Road.
+
+Telegraph, bottom of Chapel-street.  May be visited on application to
+Lieut. Watson, at the Office.
+
+Town Hall, Castle-street.
+
+Wellington Rooms, Great Orford-street.
+
+Zoological Gardens; an order, which may be obtained at any of the
+respectable Hotels, will, on the payment of a shilling, admit a stranger.
+
+
+BATHS.
+
+
+The New Baths, West side of St. George's Dock.
+
+Whitlaw's Vapour Baths, Renshaw-street.
+
+Sadler's Baths, Hanover-street.
+
+The Floating Bath, Prince's Parade.
+
+
+THE DOCKS.
+
+
+Clarence Dock, for steam packets.
+
+Prince's Dock, American ships.
+
+George's Dock, in which is moored the Floating Church, for the
+convenience of seamen.
+
+The King's Dock; vessels from Virginia and other ports, laden with
+tobacco.
+
+The Waterloo Dock, Victoria Dock, and Trafalgar Dock, communicate with
+each other.
+
+Canning Dock; vessels from the Northern ports, and in the coasting trade.
+
+Salt-house Dock, for ships in the Levant and Irish trade.
+
+Duke of Bridgewater's Dock, for boats called flats, in the canal trade.
+
+Queen's Dock, for timber ships from America and the Baltic.
+
+Brunswick Dock, vessels laden with timber.
+
+GRAVING DOCKS. Nos. 1, 2, and 3, communicate with the Canning Dock; Nos.
+4, 5, and 6, lie between the Queen's Dock and the river; two Graving
+Docks are attached to the Brunswick Dock.
+
+
+THE MARKETS.
+
+
+St. John's Market, Great Charlotte-street.
+
+New Fish Market, opposite St. John's Market.
+
+The North Market, Scotland-street.
+
+St. James's Market, Great George-street.
+
+Islington Market, top of Shaw's Row.
+
+Cattle Market, three miles on the London Road.
+
+Corn Exchange, Brunswick-street.
+
+
+LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS.
+
+
+The Royal Institutions, Colquitt-street.
+
+Philosophical and Literary Society; meetings held at the Royal
+Institution.
+
+Apothecaries' Hall, Colquitt-street.
+
+Mechanics' Institution, Mount-street.
+
+Athenaeum, Church-street.
+
+Lyceum, Bold-street.
+
+Apprentices' (Male and Female) Library, School Lane.
+
+Law Library, Clarendon Buildings.
+
+Union News Room, Duke-street.
+
+
+PUBLIC CHARITIES.
+
+
+Alms Houses, St. Mary's Lane.
+
+Blue Coat Hospital, School Lane.
+
+Blind Asylum, London Road.
+
+Bethel Union Ship, King's Dock.
+
+Charity Institution House, Salter-street.
+
+Charity, (the Ladies',) for Relief of Women in Childbed.
+
+Dispensaries; Vauxhall Road and Upper Parliament-street.
+
+Female School of Industry, Heathfield-street.
+
+Female Penitentiary, Crabtree Lane.
+
+House of Recovery, Workhouse.
+
+Infirmary, Brownlow-street.
+
+Institution for Diseases of the Ear, Duke-street.
+
+Infant Schools, numerous.
+
+Lunatic Asylum, Ashton-street, Brownlow Hill.
+
+Marine Society, Mariners' Church.
+
+Marine Humane Society.
+
+Mariner's Church Society, Ship in St. George's Dock.
+
+Naval Bible Society, Mariners' Church.
+
+Ophthalmic Institution, Slater's Court.
+
+Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, Ranelagh-street.
+
+Society for bettering the Condition of the Poor, Savings Bank,
+Bold-street.
+
+Stranger's Friend Society.
+
+School for the Deaf and Dumb, Wood-street.
+
+Theatrical Fund, Theatre Royal Office.
+
+Welsh Charitable Society, Russell Place.
+
+
+PLACES OF PUBLIC WORSHIP.
+
+
+_Church of England_--twenty-four in number; the most worthy of notice
+being, St. Paul's, St. Paul's Square; St. George's, Lord-street; St.
+Peter's, Church-street; St. Luke's, Bold-street; St. Nicholas',
+Chapel-street; St. Catherine's, Abercromby-square; The Blind Asylum,
+Duncan-street East.
+
+_Roman Catholics_--St. Mary's, Lumber-street; St. Patrick's, Toxteth
+Park; St. Nicholas', Blake-street; St. Peter's, Seal-street; St.
+Anthony's, Scotland-road.
+
+_Scotch Churches_--St. Andrew's Church, Rodney-street; Oldham-street
+Church; Scotch Baptist Church, Hunter-street; Scotch Secession Church,
+Mount Pleasant, and Russell-street.
+
+_Unitarians_--two in number; one in Paradise-street, and one in
+Renshaw-street.
+
+_Independents_--Bethesda, Duncan-street, London-road; Toxteth Park
+Chapel; Great Crosshall-street Chapel; Renshaw-street Chapel;
+Gloucester-street Chapel; Great George-street Chapel.
+
+_Baptists_--Lime-street; Great Crosshall-street; Russell-street;
+Cockspur-street; Comus-street; Byrom-street.
+
+_Methodists_--Leeds-street; Pitt-street; Mount Pleasant; Stanhope-street;
+Moss-street; London-road; and Bend's Garden Chapel.
+
+_Friends' Meeting House_, Hunter-street.
+
+_Jew's Synagogue_, Seel-street.
+
+
+TIME OF STARTING BY THE RAILROAD.
+
+
+Travelling by the _Liverpool and Manchester Railway_, 1838.--The
+following are the Times of Departure both from Lime-street Station,
+Liverpool, and from Liverpool Road Station, Manchester.
+
+FIRST CLASS--Seven, nine, eleven, two, five, and seven o'clock.
+
+SECOND CLASS--Quarter past seven, ten, twelve, three, half-past five, and
+seven o'clock, stopping only at Newton.
+
+Except on Tuesdays and Saturdays, when the Evening Second Class Train
+from Manchester starts at six, instead of half-past five o'clock.
+
+ON SUNDAYS--First Class, eight in the morning, and five in the
+evening.--Second Class, seven in the morning and half-past five in the
+evening.
+
+
+FARES.
+
+                                                       s.     d.
+By First Class Train--Four Inside--Royal Mail             6      6
+   Ditto--Six Inside--Glass Coach                         5      6
+By 2nd. Class Train--Glass Coaches                        5      6
+   Ditto--Open Carriages                                  4      0
+Charge for the conveyance of Four-wheeled Carriages      20      0
+   Ditto  Two-wheeled  ditto                             15      0
+
+HORSES--For one horse 10s.--two horses 18s.--three horses 22s.
+
+N.B.--All Horses must be embarked at the Company's Station, Edge Hill,
+Wavertree Lane, unless accompanying Carriages to which they belong; in
+which case they may be embarked at Lime-street.
+
+
+LUGGAGE.
+
+
+NOTICE.--To prevent loss or mistake of Luggage.--Passengers are requested
+to keep charge of their small Packages, by placing them under their seats
+instead of on the roof of the coach.--The weight allowed to each
+passenger is 60 lbs., beyond which a charge will be made at the rate of
+3s. per cwt.
+
+
+LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO WIGAN.
+
+
+By 1st Class Train, 7 a.m.--2nd Class Trains, 10, 12, a.m., 5.5 p.m.
+
+SUNDAYS.--By the Second Class Trains, 7 a.m., and 5.5 p.m.
+
+FARES.--From Liverpool or Manchester, 1st. Class. 5s.; 2nd Class 3s. 6d.
+
+
+LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO BOLTON.
+
+
+By 1st Class Train, 9 a.m.--2nd Class Trains, 7.25, 12 a.m., 5.5 p.m.
+
+SUNDAYS.--By the Second Class Trains, 7 a.m., 5.5 p.m.
+
+FARES.--From Liverpool, Inside, 5s. 6d., Outside, 4s.; and from
+,, Manchester, ,, 2s. 6d. ,, and 2s.
+
+
+LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO ST. HELEN'S.
+
+
+By the Second Class Trains, 7.25, 10, 12, a.m.; 3, and 5.5, p.m.
+
+SUNDAYS.--By the Second Class Trains, 7, a.m., and 5.5, p.m.
+
+FARES.--From Liverpool--Inside, 2s. 6d.  Outside, 2s.; and from
+Manchester, 3s. 6d. and 2s. 6d.
+
+
+LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER TO RUNCORN GAP.
+
+
+By the Second Class Trains, 7.25, am., and 3, p.m.
+
+SUNDAYS.--By the Second Class Trains, 7, a.m., and 5.5, p.m.
+
+FARES.--From Liverpool--Inside, 3s.  Outside, 2s. 6d.; and from
+Manchester, 4s. and 3s.
+
+
+INNS.
+
+
+Adelphi Hotel, Ranelagh-street; Albion, Ranelagh-street; Angel,
+Dale-street; Blue Bell, London Road; Bull, Clayton Square; Commercial,
+Dale-street; Castle Hotel, Clayton Square; Feathers, Clayton Square;
+George Inn, Dale-street; Grecian Hotel, Dale-street; King William,
+Williamson Square; King's Arms, Castle-street; Neptune, Clayton Square;
+Royal, Dale-street; Saracen's Head Inn, Dale-street; Star and Garter
+Tavern, Paradise-street; Union Hotel, Clayton Square; Waterloo,
+Ranelagh-street; Wellington, Dale-street; York, Williamson Square.
+
+
+FOREIGN PACKETS.
+
+
+NEW YORK, on the 1st and 16th of every month, Baring Brothers and Co.;
+8th, Thomas and Joseph Sands and Co.; 16th, W. and J. Brown and Co.; and
+24th, Wildes, Pickersgill, and Co.
+
+BOSTON, on the 5th and 20th of each month during the spring and fall of
+the year, at other times occasionally, Maury, Latham and Co., and Baring
+Brothers and Co.
+
+PHILADELPHIA, on the 8th of every month, and at stated periods, W. and J.
+Brown and Co.
+
+CALCUTTA direct, the 20th of each month, W. and J. Tyrer, Old Churchyard.
+
+RIO DE JANEIRO, on the 1st and 16th of every month, W. and J. Tyrer; J.
+Holliwell; and Ashley Brothers.
+
+LISBON, on the let of every month, J. Bibby and Co., Duke's Place; on the
+10th of every month, Vianna and Jones; and on the 20th of every month,
+Cotesworth and Smith.
+
+GENOA and LEGHORN, on the 1st of every month, J. Bibby and Co., Duke's
+Place; and on the 16th, Vianna and Jones, Chapel-street.
+
+GENOA and LEGHORN, a conveyance once a month, John Rothwell, 2,
+Liver-court, South Castle-street.
+
+MESSINO and PALERMO, once a month, John Rothwell, 2, Liver-court, South
+Castle-street.
+
+BAHIA.--A regular line of Packets sails at periods, as stated in the
+newspapers, Cotesworth and Smith; W. and J. Tyrer; John Holliwell; Kers,
+Imrie and Co., and R. Tanton.
+
+OPORTO, every three weeks, Geo. Highfield, Oldhall-street; Thos. Martin,
+Salthouse Dock; Ormerod, Heyworth, and Co., Water-street; J. Bibby and
+Co.
+
+MONTE VIDEO and BUENOS AYRES.--Line of Packets to sail at stated periods,
+which are duly announced through the newspapers, W. and J. Tyrer, and
+Ashley Brothers.
+
+HAVANNAH, on the 5th of every month punctually.  Ashley Brothers.
+
+PERNAMBUCO.--A line of Packets sails at periods which are duly announced
+through the newspapers, Cotesworth and Smith; W. and J. Tyrer; John
+Holliwell; Kers, Imrie and Co.; R. Tanton, and Geo. Highfield.
+
+WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA.--Valparaiso every six weeks; Arica, Islay,
+and Lima, every four months; Lima direct every twelve weeks, W. and J.
+Tyrer; Ashley Brothers; and James Aikin.
+
+ST. THOMAS.--Line of Packets to sail at stated periods, which are
+announced through the newspapers, Kers, Imrie, and Tomlinson.
+
+
+STEAM NAVIGATION.
+ON THE RIVER.
+
+
+EASTHAM.--The William Stanley, Sir Thomas Stanley, and Lady Stanley, five
+times a day.--Dodd's Chester and Eastham Packet House, 32, James-street.
+
+RUNCORN and WESTERN POINT, a steam packet every day.  Office, No. 19,
+Mann's Island.
+
+RUNCORN.--The Old Quay or Mersey and Irwell Navigation Company now
+conduct their vessels to and from Runcorn by steam power, and speed
+vessels are sent daily to and from Manchester, without stoppage, with
+goods requiring despatch.  Agent, William Guyton, Manchester Dock.
+
+To ROCK FERRY, BIRKENHEAD, MONK'S FERRY, and WOODSIDE, packets are plying
+every half hour from George's Dock, Pierhead; to SEACOMBE, from the south
+end of the Prince's Parade; and to EGREMONT FERRY and NEW BRIGHTON, from
+the Pierhead, north of George's Dock Basin.
+
+
+IRELAND, &c.
+
+
+ARDGLASS and STRANGFORD LOUGH.--The Victoria, every Tuesday.  Crozier and
+Co., Agents, 13, Goree Piazzas.
+
+BELFAST. The City of Dublin Steam Packet Company sail a vessel every
+Wednesday.  John M'Cammon, 27, Water-street.
+
+BELFAST.--The Falcon and Corsair, every Monday and Friday.  Lanktrys and
+Co., 30, Water-street.
+
+CORK, &c.--The St. George Steam Packet Company's Packets sail regularly
+to Cork, Waterford, Dundalk, Newry, and Beaumaris; and between Dublin and
+Glasgow; Dublin and Bristol; Dublin and Cork; Cork and Bristol; London,
+Portsmouth, Plymouth, Falmouth, and Cork; London and Exeter; London and
+Boston; London and Stockton; Hull and Leith; Hull and Hamburgh; Hull and
+Rotterdam; and Lubeck and Stockholm.  J. R. Pim, Agent, 21, Water-street,
+and Clarence Dock.
+
+CORK.--The John M'Adam, every Thursday.  J. A. and R. Forshaw, 6, Goree
+Piazzas.
+
+DROGHEDA.--The Green Isle, Town of Drogheda, Fair Trader, Irishman, and
+Grana Uile, sail four times a week.  W. Splaine, 20, Water-street.
+
+DUBLIN.--Her Majesty's packets sail every afternoon, at five o'clock,
+(without reference to the time of high water,) with the mail and
+passengers.  Captain Chappell, R. N., Agent, 33, Water-street.
+
+DUBLIN.--The City of Dublin Steam Packet Company's vessels, the Hibernia,
+City of Dublin, Shamrock, Commerce, Britannia, Liffey, Leeds, Birmingham,
+Mersey, Nottingham, Ballinasloe, Kingstown, Huskisson,  City of Limerick,
+Athlone, Duchess of Kent, Queen Victoria, Royal William, and Royal
+Adelaide, sail daily.  Samuel Perry, 27, Water-street.
+
+LONDONDERRY.--The Isabella Napier sails every Tuesday, and the Robert
+Napier every Friday.  J. R. Pim, Agent, 21, Water-street.
+
+NEWRY.--George the Fourth.  J. R. Pim, Agent, 21, Water-st.
+
+PORT RUSH and LARNE.--The Coleraine, every Saturday.  J. A. and R.
+Forshaw, 6, Goree Piazzas.
+
+
+TO THE ISLE OF MAN, SCOTLAND, &c.
+
+
+DOUGLAS.--The Queen of the Isle and the Mona's Isle sail daily during the
+summer, and twice a week in the winter, with the mail, goods, and
+passengers.  Moore and Christian, Agents, 23, Redcross-street.
+
+DOUGLAS.--The Monarch sails three times a week during the summer.  T.
+Blackburn, 9, Dale-street.
+
+GLASGOW.--The Unicorn, Eagle, Manchester, and Ailsa Craig sail three
+times a week, with goods and passengers.  Martin and Co., 34,
+Water-street.
+
+GLASGOW direct.--The Vulcan, City of Glasgow, and Commodore, sail each
+once a week.  David M'Iver and Co., 34, Water-street.
+
+DUMFRIES and WHITEHAVEN.--The Nithsdale, once a week, Robert Sproat, 20,
+Water-street.
+
+
+NORTH WALES.
+
+
+The Air, with goods and passengers, for Beaumaris, Bangor, and Carnarvon.
+J. R. Pim, Agent, 21, Water-street, and Clarence Dock.
+
+The Countess of Glasgow sails from George's Dock, Pierhead, for Rhyl,
+Voryd, Abergele, &c., every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday.  Joseph
+Humphries, 33, Water-street.
+
+The St. Mungo and Snowdon, every Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, for
+Rhyl, Rhydland, and Abergele.  St. Mungo's Office, 23, Water-street;
+Snowdon's Office, 33, Water-street.
+
+The Conway Castle, every Wednesday and Saturday, during the winter
+months, for Conway.  J. T. Raines and Co., 19, James-street.
+
+
+COASTWISE.
+
+
+CARLISLE and ANNAN.--The Newcastle sails every Tuesday and Thursday.  H.
+Halton, 21, Water-street.
+
+CARLISLE and ANNAN.--The City of Carlisle and Royal Victoria three times
+a week.  J. D. Thomson, Agent, 13, Water-street.
+
+LANCASTER.--The John O'Gaunt.  John Hadwen, Atherton's Buildings,
+Dale-street.
+
+WHITEHAVEN.--Steam packets sail three times a week during the summer
+months, and twice a week during the winter months, with passengers and
+goods.  W. Dowson, Agent, 8, Goree Piazzas.
+
+WORKINGTON and MARYPORT.--The Union sails once a week during the winter,
+and twice a week during the summer months.  J. D. Thomson, Agent, 13,
+Water-street.
+
+
+POST OFFICE.
+
+
+DELIVERY OF LETTERS.--The First Delivery commences at 8 a.m., and the
+Office continues open till the arrival of the London Mail, (per Grand
+Junction Railway,) 10.55 a.m.  The letters comprised in this delivery are
+those of the over-night Birmingham Mail (with a bag from Manchester and a
+foreign bag from London); the Holyhead and Carlisle Mails (with bags from
+Edinburgh and Glasgow); and the Dublin Packet.
+
+2nd DELIVERY--Commences about 9 a.m., with the first Manchester Mail per
+Railway; bringing also bags from Rochdale, Halifax, Bradford, Leeds, and
+York.
+
+3rd DELIVERY--Commences about 10.45 a.m., and includes the letters by the
+2nd Manchester Mail per Railway, with a bag from Newton.
+
+4th DELIVERY--Commences about 12 noon, (and continues until about 3.40
+p.m.,) in which are included bags from Birmingham, Walsall,
+Wolverhampton, Penkridge, Stafford, Newcastle, Nantwich, Middlewich,
+Northwich, Preston Brook, Warrington, Eccleshall, Stone, Towcester,
+Northampton, London, Bristol, Exeter, Falmouth; and the letters from
+Portugal, North and South America, and the West Indies, are also included
+in this delivery.
+
+5th DELIVERY--Commences about .25 past 1, p.m., and includes the letters
+brought by the Bristol Mail.
+
+6th DELIVERY--Commences about 4 p.m., and includes letters brought by the
+3rd Manchester Mail, per Railway.
+
+7th DELIVERY--Commences about 4.50 p.m., and includes bags from
+Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Stafford, Warrington, Prescot.
+
+8th DELIVERY--Commences ten minutes past 6 p.m., with the letters by the
+Lancaster Mail, from Ormskirk and Maghull.
+
+9th DELIVERY--Commences at .25 past 7, p.m.  It includes the letters of
+the 4th Manchester Mail, per Railway, with Bags from York and Leeds.
+
+10th DELIVERY--Commences about 7.30 p.m. and includes bags from
+Birmingham, Walsall, Wolverhampton, Penkridge, Stafford, Newcastle,
+Nantwich, Middlewich, Northwich, Preston Brook, Warrington, and Prescot.
+
+_The Delivery closes finally at 9 p.m._; _on Sundays at 8 p.m._
+
+There are Three Deliveries within the Town by Letter Carriers, every day
+(except Sunday); the first delivery to commence about 8, a.m.; the second
+about 12; the third about 5, p.m.  On Sundays, only the first, at 8, a.m.
+
+When any delay occurs in the arrival of the Mails, a corresponding delay
+will, of course, occur in the delivery.
+
+The office is closed on Sundays from 9, a.m., until 1.30, p.m., and
+finally at 8, p.m.
+
+
+DESPATCH OF LETTERS.
+
+
+The following are the hours at which the letter-box is closed for making
+up the several Mails, and at which each mail is despatched:--
+
+                                     Box closes at     Despatched at
+                                         H. M.             H. M.
+FIRST GRAND JUNCTION.--Bags made            6.0 a.m.         6.20 a.m.
+up for Warrington, Preston-Brook,
+Northwich, Middlewich, Nantwich,
+Congleton, Market Drayton,
+Stafford, Penkridge,
+Wolverhampton, Walsall, and
+Birmingham; and on Tuesdays and
+Fridays a Foreign Bag to London.
+The postage of Foreign Letters
+can be paid from 5.30 to 6 a.m.,
+and up to 9 o'clock the previous
+evening.
+FIRST MANCHESTER MAIL.--Bags for           6.30 a.m.         6.50 a.m.
+Manchester, Bolton, Rochdale,
+Leeds, and York.
+CHESTER MAIL.--For Neston,                 7.30 a.m.         8.05 a.m.
+Parkgate, and Chester.
+LANCASTER MAIL.--For Maghull,               8.0 a.m.         8.15 a.m.
+Ormskirk and Southport.
+SECOND MANCHESTER MAIL.--A bag             8.30 a.m.         8.50 a.m.
+for Prescot, and (per Railway to
+Newton) bags for Newton, Wigan,
+Chorley, Preston, Lancaster,
+Carlisle, Glasgow, Edinburgh, and
+Manchester.
+SECOND GRAND JUNCTION.--Bags for           11.0 a.m.        11.20 a.m.
+Warrington, Stafford,
+Wolverhampton, and Birmingham.
+THIRD MANCHESTER                          11.30 a.m.        11.50 a.m.
+MAIL.--Blackburn, Colne, Bury,
+and Manchester.
+PENNY POSTS.--For Birkenhead,              11.0 a.m.        12.45 p.m.
+Upton, Seacombe, New Brighton,
+Crosby, Bootle, Walton, West
+Derby, Old Swan, Woolton, and
+Wavertree.
+FOURTH MANCHESTER                          1.30 p.m.         1.50 p.m.
+MAIL.--Manchester.
+THIRD GRAND JUNCTION.--Bags for            1.45 p.m.         3.20 p.m.
+Prescot, Warrington,
+Preston-Brook, Northwich,
+Middlewich, Nantwich, Newcastle,
+Eccleshall, Stone, Stafford,
+Penkridge, Wolverhampton,
+Walsall, Birmingham, Towcester,
+Northampton, London, and Bristol;
+and letters for Portugal, North
+and South America, and the West
+Indies.  The letters for London
+sent by this despatch will be
+included in the first delivery
+there the following morning.
+CARLISLE MAIL.--For Ormskirk,               4.0 p.m.         4.30 p.m.
+Preston, Chorley, Bury,
+Blackburn, Haslingden, Lancaster,
+Westmoreland, Cumberland, and all
+Scotland.
+FIFTH MANCHESTER AND THE YORK               4.0 p.m.         4.50 p.m.
+MAILS.--For Manchester, Rochdale,
+and the Counties of York,
+Lincoln, and Durham (per
+Railway).
+BRISTOL MAIL.--Chester, South               4.0 p.m.          5.0 p.m.
+Wales, and Bristol.
+DUBLIN MAIL PACKET.--For Ireland.          4.30 p.m.          5.0 p.m.
+BOLTON MAIL.--For Bolton.                  4.30 p.m.          5.0 p.m.
+HOLYHEAD MAIL.--For Birkenhead,            6.30 p.m.          6.0 p.m.
+New Ferry, Eastham, Chester,
+North Wales.
+FOURTH GRAND JUNCTION.--Bags for            6.0 p.m.         6.20 p.m.
+Manchester, Warrington, Stafford,
+Wolverhampton, Birmingham, and
+London.  The letters for London
+sent by this despatch will be
+delivered there about 11 a.m.
+
+INDIA.--Letters to and from the East Indies are regularly forwarded by
+ships.  The postage must be paid when posted.
+
+The Rate outward is two-pence per package under three ounces, and one
+shilling per ounce above that weight.
+
+Letters conveyed outward in sealed bags, are charged with 8d., _single_,
+if sent by ship from the port at which they are posted; but if sent from
+any inland town, or to another port, 1s., which must be paid when posted.
+
+FOREIGN LETTERS.--No letters for Foreign parts, except British America,
+the British West India Islands, and France, can be forwarded, unless
+postage be first paid; in default, they are sent to the General Post
+Office, London, opened, and returned back to the writers.
+
+
+FOREIGN POST DAYS, at 3.20 P.M.
+
+
+For Demerara, Jamaica, and the Leeward Islands, 1st and 15th day in every
+month; North America and the Bahamas, the first Wednesday in every month.
+
+For Carthagena, Mexico, Cuba, Honduras, and Havannah, 15th of every
+month.
+
+For Portugal, every Friday.
+
+For South America, La Guara, Madeira, Gibraltar, and the Mediterranean,
+the first day of every month.
+
+
+HACKNEY COACH FARES,
+
+
+_Which include a reasonable quantity of Luggage_.
+
+                                                          s.     d.
+Not exceeding 1,000 yards                                  1      0
+Exceeding 1,000 yards, and not exceeding 1,700             1      6
+And for each 700 yards, or any intermediate distance       0      6
+
+                CAR FARES.--Two thirds of the above Fares.
+
+N.B.--Carriages with two horses and two wheels, or one horse and two
+wheels, or one horse and four wheels, are considered cars.  If a coach or
+car be detained above ten minutes, to be allowed 6d. for every ten
+minutes detained.
+
+                                          s.     d.
+Coach hired by the day                    18      0
+Ditto by the hour, first hour              2      6
+Ditto, and for every subsequent hour       1      6
+Car hired by the day                      12      0
+Ditto by the hour, first hour              1      6
+Ditto, for every subsequent hour           1      0
+
+Double fares to be paid after Twelve o'clock at night, except on public
+ball nights; then at such public balls, One o'clock.
+
+The driver has the option to be paid either time or distance.
+
+
+BANKERS.
+
+       _Liverpool Bankers_.            _Correspondents in London_.
+Moss and Co., Dale-street.          Barclay and Co.
+A. Heywood, Sons and Co.,           Denison and Co.
+Brunswick-street.
+Leyland and Co., 7, King-street.    Masterman and Co.
+Central Bank of England, 12,        Esdaile and Co.
+Temple-street.
+Borough Bank, Water-street.         Glyn and Co.
+Manchester and Liverpool District   Smith, Payne, and Smith.
+Banking Co., 43, Castle-street.
+I. Barned and Co., Lord-street.     Sir C. Price, Marryatt & Co. and
+                                    Bult, Son, and Co.
+Liverpool Commercial Bank,          Williams, Deacon, and Co.
+High-street.
+Bank of Liverpool, Water-street.    Glyn and Co.
+Branch Bank of England, 55,         Bank of England.
+Hanover-street.
+Phoenix Bank, Dale-street.          Grote, Prescott, and Co.
+Commercial Bank of England,         Barnet, Hoare, and Co.
+Water-street.
+Liverpool United Trades' Bank,      Currie, Raikes, and Co., 29,
+South Castle-street.                Cornhill.
+Albion Bank, North John-street.     Grote, Prescott, and Co.
+Union Bank, Water-street.           Cunliffes and Co.
+North and South Wales Bank.         Robarts and Co.
+Royal Bank, Water-street.           Robarts and Co.
+
+LIST OF NEWSPAPERS.
+
+
+Monday--ALBION--Whig.
+
+   ,, --ADVERTISER--Commercial.
+
+Tuesday--LIVERPOOL STANDARD--Conservative.
+
+   ,, --MAIL--Conservative.
+
+   ,, --TIMES--Whig.
+
+Wednesday--COURIER--Conservative.
+
+   ,, --TELEGRAPH--Whig.
+
+Thursday--GORE'S GENERAL ADVERTISER--Commercial.
+
+   ,, --LIVERPOOL MAIL--Conservative.
+
+Friday--MERCURY--Radical.
+
+   ,, --STANDARD--Conservative.
+
+Saturday--MAIL--Conservative.
+
+   ,, --CHRONICLE--Whig.
+
+   ,, --JOURNAL--Radical.
+
+
+
+MANCHESTER.
+
+
+MANUFACTORIES.
+
+
+The great centre of the cotton manufacture, Manchester, will be an object
+of curiosity to the stranger on this account; and he will naturally be
+desirous to view some of the processes and the operations of those mighty
+agents, steam and machinery, which have added so much to the real wealth
+and glory of England.
+
+With suitable introductions, the inquiring visiter may visit the
+following establishments, where he cannot fail to be astonished at the
+vast scale on which the staple manufactures are conducted; and the
+remarkable order, arrangement, and cleanliness maintained through all
+their departments.  The immense spinning mills of Messrs. McConnel & Co.,
+Henry-street, Ancoats, will furnish to the visiter an inspection of the
+various processes to which the raw cotton is subjected in the course of
+its manufacture into twist, or thread for weaving.
+
+In the large manufactory of the Oxford-road twist company, in
+Oxford-road, he would see the processes of weaving by means of the steam
+loom.
+
+In the patent card manufactory of Mr. J. C. Dyer, Stone-street,
+London-road, he would observe the very curious mode of manufacturing the
+cards used for teasing or carding the cotton; and in the large
+establishments of Messrs. Sharp, Roberts, & Co., machinists and
+engineers, Faulkner-street, he would see the various manufactures of
+steam engines, both stationary and locomotive, boilers, steam looms, and
+every other piece of machinery required for manufacturing purposes in
+this part of the kingdom.
+
+In another branch of manufacture, that of silk, which is of growing
+importance and extent in Manchester, the visiter would be gratified by an
+inspection of the silk mill of Messrs. Royle and Crompton, Great
+Bridgewater-street.
+
+
+PUBLIC BUILDINGS, LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS.
+
+
+The Exchange and News Room, (now undergoing alteration and extension, for
+which end, the Post Office, now at the back of the building, is to be
+removed,) is situated at the foot of Market-street.  It is a
+semi-circular building, with stone front, and the large room contains a
+full length portrait of Colonel Stanley, many years member for the
+county.
+
+The Town Hall, in King-street, is a fine structure, founded in 1822; by
+application to the porter, the stranger will obtain admittance to the
+hall or "large room," which is very handsomely decorated with fresco
+paintings, and by rich mouldings, friezes, from the Elgin marbles, &c.
+
+The Royal Institution in Mosley-street is open twice every year, during
+the exhibitions of paintings; one being limited to those of old masters
+and deceased artists; the other restricted to those of modern and living
+artists.  The entrance hall and sculpture gallery are worth notice.
+Admission a shilling.
+
+Nearly adjoining, at the back of the Royal Institution, is the Manchester
+Athenaeum, now in process of erection, the members of which at present
+occupy the lower wing of the Royal Institution, with an entrance in
+Bond-street.  The front of the Athenaeum is also in Bond-street, and when
+it is finished the two buildings will form a very pleasing proof of the
+architectural resources of Mr. Barry, the architect of the two new houses
+of parliament
+
+The Manchester Mechanics' Institution is a spacious brick edifice in
+Cooper-street, with large lecture theatre, good library, and commodious
+class rooms.  To the Athenaeum and the Mechanics' Institution there is no
+difficulty of access.
+
+The Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, one of the oldest
+and most celebrated of provincial institutions, having been founded in
+1781, has distinguished itself by its annual volumes of published
+memoirs, and is now distinguished in the person of its President, the
+venerable Dr. Dalton.  Its Hall is in George-street, nearly opposite St.
+James's Church; but as the sittings of the society are not daily, little
+information can be given as to the admission of strangers.  Scientific
+men would doubtless find no difficulty in obtaining an introduction.
+
+The Museum and Hall of the Natural History Society, in Peter-street, can
+only be entered on presenting an order from a subscriber.  The Museum is
+very rich in almost every description of natural history; we believe in
+ornithology it is particularly so; its collection of British birds is
+said to be unequalled, and its entomological department is becoming
+exceedingly extensive.
+
+The Concert Hall, at the top of Lower Mosley-street, is an elegant
+building, especially in the interior; having a neat stone front.
+
+In Mosley-street are the Assembly and Billiard Rooms, with a plain and
+somewhat dingy exterior; but the Ball Rooms are spacious and elegant.
+
+Opposite is the Portico, so called from its large Ionic portico fronting
+the street,--a Subscription Library and News Room.--There are two other
+Subscription Libraries in the upper floors of the Exchange, and a fourth
+in Newall's Buildings, Market street, all of considerable extent.
+
+In an old low building, (north of the Collegiate Church) to which
+entrance is had by a small gate adjoining the Palatine Buildings, Hunt's
+Bank, the stranger will find what will amply repay even a hurried and
+hasty visit.  This building is named the College; in it are educated a
+number of boys who, from their dress, are distinguished as the Blue Coat
+Boys.  In the upper floor of the building is a long corridor, traversing
+three sides of the building, two of which are converted into a library,
+the books generally being deposited in bays, or enclosed recesses, and
+locked up.  This library, which contains upwards of 20,000 volumes, was
+founded by Humphrey Cheetham, who lived in the 17th century, and is
+wholly free; but the books are not to be removed from the place.  There
+is a spacious reading room at the further extremity of the library, where
+the student may take his worm-eaten folio, and seating himself in an old
+carved chair, may easily transport himself in fancy, two centuries back;
+for the room is of oak, panelled and carved, with old tables, chairs, and
+other furniture corresponding to the period; and several old pictures of
+the founder and other worthies.  In the library, above the books, are
+suspended various specimens of stuffed reptiles, and other objects, which
+are shown to the visiter by one of the blue coat boys, for a small
+gratuity; the chief curiosity in the exhibition being the broad
+Lancashire dialect, and strange mode of description, given by the little
+showman.
+
+To the Botanic Garden, Old Trafford, Stretford Road, (to which omnibuses
+convey visiters to Market-street,) the admission is by an order from a
+member or subscriber; the secretary is Mr. S. E. Cottam,
+Brazennose-street.  The garden covers 17 acres, and contains in its noble
+conservatories, some of the rarest and finest exotics and tropical plants
+to be seen in the kingdom.
+
+The Zoological Gardens are about a mile and a half on the new Bury road,
+whither the stranger can be conveyed by omnibus from Market-street.  One
+shilling procures admission to these gardens, which are as extensive as
+those in Surrey, covering 15 acres of ground, and, although of recent
+foundation, they already contain many very fine and rare animals,
+including a rhinoceros, elephant, lion, tigers, &c., and a very good
+collection of hardy plants.
+
+
+PLACES OF WORSHIP.
+
+
+_The Collegiate Church_.--The parish church of Manchester, and generally
+called "The Old Church" by the inhabitants, is within a short distance of
+the Exchange, at the foot of Market-street, whence the stranger, by
+passing through the Market Place and Old Millgate, will find himself at
+the principal gateway to the church-yard, which is always open.  The
+church is a fine old edifice; in the choir are some curious carvings in
+wood; the canopies for the stalls show the taste of the artist in
+tracery.  The altar piece is a relic of the loom,--a faded pictorial
+representation on tapestry, of which the colours and forms are now
+obscured by the touch of time.  There are in the church several enclosed
+chapels; amongst others, one of the Earls of Derby.  In the south
+transept, near the entrance to the registry, is the spot where, for a few
+short weeks, rested the remains of the gifted and hapless
+Malibran,--since removed to the church of Lacken, near Brussels.  Passing
+thence to the registry, is a mural monument, in white marble, by
+Chantrey.  Adjoining the registry is the chapter-house,--the
+ecclesiastical government of the parish being vested in a warden, and
+four fellows constitute the chapter, and who will probably be appointed
+dean and canons, when the see of Manchester is erected.  The parish of
+Manchester is of great extent, including upwards of thirty townships.
+
+Of the other churches in the town our limits admit but of a brief notice.
+
+_St. Ann's_, in St. Ann's Square, is an example of the anomalies of some
+ancient parishes,--it forms, with its grave-yard, a parish of itself;
+and, we believe, though standing in the very heart of Manchester, it
+counts but one house in its parish.
+
+_St. Mary's_, in St. Mary's Street, Deansgate, has a very fine spire,
+surmounted by a ball.  This was the scene of a feat of one of the
+Woottons, the steeple climbers, who, by some simple apparatus, as ropes,
+climbed up the giddy height, and removed the old ball and cross, which
+had been damaged by lightning.
+
+_St. Paul's_, in Turner-street, has no architectural pretensions, or
+other claims to special notice.
+
+_St. John's_, St. John's Street, Deansgate, is a plain, brick edifice,
+once the scene of the pastoral labours of the Rev. John Clowes, a
+disciple of Emanuel Swedenborg.
+
+_St. James's_, St. James's Street, is a brick building.
+
+_St. Peter's_, at the foot of Mosley-street, a handsome stone edifice,
+resembling a Grecian temple.
+
+_St. Michael's_, Angel-street, _St. Clement's_, Lever-street, and _St.
+George's_, St. George's Road, have little to tempt the stranger to visit
+them, for their external appearance.
+
+_St. Matthew's_, Camp Field, is a very handsome stone structure, in the
+English style of architecture, erected in 1825; and the large area in
+front gives the spectator room to see its form and proportions, unimpeded
+by surrounding houses.
+
+_St. Andrew's_, Travis-street, London-road, is a neat Gothic structure of
+stone, built in 1831.
+
+_All Saints'_, in Grosvenor-square, Chorlton-on-Medlock, was erected in
+1820: it is a stone building, standing in the midst of an enclosure, in
+the centre of the Square.
+
+_St. Saviour's_, Plymouth Grove, Chorlton-on-Medlock, is a stone edifice,
+which is intended to receive a tower at some future period.
+
+In Salford, _Trinity Chapel_, Chapel-street, and _St. Stephen's_, St.
+Stephen's Street, have little to interest the stranger.
+
+_St. Phillip's_, near the Adelphi, is a stone edifice, with a
+semi-circular colonnade in front, and a circular tower and dome of
+slender proportions, which have been compared to a pepper-box.
+
+_Christ's Church_, Acton-square, beyond the Crescent, Salford, is of
+stone.  Its minister, the Rev. Hugh Stowell, M.A., is one of the most
+popular preachers in the town.  Not a mile beyond this, is Pendleton
+church,--a neat Gothic structure of stone, which from its position, is a
+pleasing object from many points of view for miles round.
+
+_St. George's_, Hulme, is a specimen of the florid Gothic in some of its
+architectural decorations.
+
+_St. Luke's_, Cheetham Hill, now in progress of erection, the first stone
+being laid in June, 1836, is another Gothic edifice, of some pretensions.
+
+Amongst the dissenting chapels and meeting houses, those of the
+Methodists and Independents are the most prominent for their numbers and
+size.  The Wesleyan Methodists have about a dozen; of which, the
+principal are the chapels in Oldham-street, Grosvenor-street
+(Chorlton-on-Medlock); and in Irwell-street, and Gravel-lane, Salford.
+The New Connexion Methodists have two; the Primitive Methodists, four;
+the Independent Methodists, two; and the Methodist Association, (the
+seceders under Dr. Warren,) five or six chapels in the town and suburbs.
+
+The Independents have seven or eight large chapels; the principal ones
+are, that in Mosley-street, the scene of the late Rev. Dr. McAll's
+ministerial labours; that in Grosvenor-street, in which the late Rev. Mr.
+Roby once ministered; and one in Rusholme-road,--the last being the only
+one of handsome exterior.
+
+The Particular Baptists have three chapels; the Society of Friends, a
+very large, neat building, with stone front, in Dickenson-street; the
+Scotch Church is a neat stone edifice, opposite St. Peter's Church, St.
+Peter's Square; the Scotch Presbyterian, or Secession Church, in
+Lloyd-street and Mount-street, is a plain brick building.
+
+The Unitarians have four chapels; that in Cross-street, a large brick
+building, was destroyed by a mob, in what were called the "Sacheverel
+riots," and parliament voted 1,500 towards its re-erection.  There is a
+small chapel in Salford, in Dawson's Croft, Greengate; a large and very
+handsome stone-fronted edifice in Bridge-street, Strangeways; and a
+beautiful and spacious structure, one of the purest specimens of the
+English style of architecture in the town, nearly completed, in Upper
+Brook-street, Chorlton-on-Medlock, for the congregation formerly
+worshipping in the Mosley-street chapel.
+
+The Swedenborgians have two chapels; one in Peter-street, Manchester, the
+other in Bolton-street, Salford.  There are seven chapels for the Welsh,
+of different denominations; three, severally called "Christ Church," for
+particular denominations of Dissenters; and the Jews have a synagogue in
+Halliwell-street.
+
+
+PLACES OF PUBLIC AMUSEMENT.
+
+Royal Theatre,         Fountain-street.
+Queen's Theatre,       York-street.
+Assembly Rooms,        Mosley-street.
+Club House,            Mosley-street.
+Concert Hall,          Lower Mosley-street.
+Albion Club House,     King-street.
+Billiard Room          Mosley-street.
+
+BATHS.
+
+
+Public Baths, situate at the entrance of the Infirmary Walks.
+
+Adelphi Swimming Baths, Reservoir Terrace, Salford.
+
+Dolphin Cold Baths, Horrock Red Bank.
+
+Medicated Vapour Bath, No. 1, Lloyd-street.
+
+Whitlow's Vapour Baths, 35, George street.
+
+
+CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
+
+
+Manchester Royal Infirmary, Dispensaries, and Lunatic Asylum, Piccadilly;
+Salford, and Pendleton Dispensary, 19, Bank Parade.
+
+House of Recovery, Aytown-street.
+
+Lying-in Hospital, Stanley-street, Salford.
+
+Sick Hospital, 16, Bond-street.
+
+Female Penitentiary, Rusholme-road.
+
+Institution for curing Diseases in the Eye, 35, Faulkner-street.
+
+The Humane Society's Receiving Houses are four in number, viz., Lying-in
+Hospital, Stanley-street; the Ardwick and Ancoats Dispensary; the
+Lying-in Hospital, Salford; and the Salford and Pendleton Dispensary.
+
+The Chorlton-on-Medlock Dispensary.
+
+The Workhouse, Strangeways.
+
+The Vagrant Office, ditto.
+
+The Salford Workhouse, Green Gate.
+
+The Pendleton Workhouse, Ford Lane.
+
+Manchester and Salford District Provident Society, Office, 11, St.
+James's Square.
+
+Besides the above, there are various sums bequeathed for purposes of
+charity, amounting to the annual income of upwards of 5,000.
+
+
+RAILROAD.
+
+
+For time of Trains starting, &c., see page 118.
+
+
+HOTELS, COACHES, AND COACH OFFICES.
+
+
+Buck and Hawthorn, St. Anne-street; Buck, Hanging Ditch;
+
+Bush Inn, Deans-gate; Eagle Inn, Market-street; Golden Lion, Deans-gate;
+Hare and Hounds, Shude Hill; Lower Turk's Head, ditto;
+
+Mosley Arms, Piccadilly; Ditto, Shude Hill; New Boar's Head, Hyde's
+Cross; Old Boar's Head, ditto; Palace Inn, Market-street; Peacock, ditto;
+Royal Hotel, corner of Mosely-street (the Mails start from here); Swan
+Inn, Market-street; Swan, Whitley Grove; Talbot, Market-street; White
+Swan, Shude Hill; Commercial, Market-street.
+
+
+POST OFFICE.
+
+
+_The following are the intended Arrivals and Departures of the principal
+Mails at this Office_, _from the 6th of July_, 1837.
+
+                    ARRIVAL.                                 DEPARTURE.
+                H.         M.                      H.       M.
+_London_               10          45  A.M.              3          15  P.M.--
+                                                                        Principal
+                                                                        London
+                                                                        Mail.
+                       11          45  P.M. with         6          15  P.M.--For
+                                       Foreign                          a second
+                                       Letters                          Delivery
+                                       for the                          in
+                                       first                            London.
+                                       Morning
+                                       Delivery
+                                                         6          15  A.M.--for
+                                                                        Foreign
+                                                                        Letters
+                                                                        on
+                                                                        Tuesdays
+                                                                        and
+                                                                        Fridays.
+_Bristol_              10          45  A.M.              3          15  P.M.
+_Birmingham_           10          45  A.M.              6          15  A.M.
+                        4          15  P.M.             11          15  A.M.
+                        7          15  P.M.              3          15  P.M.
+                       11          45  P.M.              6          15  P.M.
+_Edinburgh_             5          25  A.M.              8          45  A.M.
+
+_Glasgow_               3          40  P.M.              4          15  P.M.
+
+_Carlisle_
+
+_Preston_
+_Liverpool_             8          35  A.M.              6          50  A.M.
+
+                       10          35  A.M.              8          45  A.M.
+
+                        2          10  P.M.              1          50  P.M.
+
+                        3          35  P.M.              4          50  P.M.
+
+                        6          35  P.M.
+_Ireland_               8          40  A.M.              2          15  P.M.
+
+                       or          or      or
+
+                       10          40  A.M.
+
+                                       According
+                                       to the
+                                       arrival
+                                       of
+                                       Packets.
+_Leeds_                 5          45  A.M.              9           0  A.M.
+_York_                  3          25  P.M.              8           0  P.M.
+_Derby_                 3          45  P.M.              9           0  A.M.
+
+_Nottingham_
+
+_Leicester_
+
+   By
+_Buxton_.
+   Ditto                3          45  P.M.              6          15  P.M.
+
+   By
+_Birmingham_
+
+GENERAL DELIVERIES AT THE OFFICE.
+
+
+The first, at eight until half-past eight in the morning, includes
+Letters from London, Liverpool, Stafford, Wolverhampton, Birmingham,
+Market Drayton, Warrington, Frodsham, Derby, Middleton, Bolton,
+Stockport, and Macclesfield, the greatest part of Yorkshire, Lancashire,
+Cambridgeshire, Herefordshire, Norfolk, Northumberland, Sunderland, and
+Durham.
+
+The second, at nine until a quarter before twelve in the morning, First
+Liverpool, (per Railway,) includes Letters from Chester, the counties of
+Shropshire, Hereford, Leominster, part of North Wales, and all Ireland,
+Bolton, Blackburn, Bury, Burnley, Colne, Oldham, all Saddleworth,
+Ashton-under-Line, Audenshaw, Stalybridge, Hyde, Denton, Gee Cross, and
+Gorton.
+
+The third, at eleven until a quarter to twelve in the morning, Second
+Liverpool, (per Railway,) Preston, Newton-in-the-Willows, Eccles and
+Kenyon.
+
+The fourth, at twelve at noon, until half-past three in the afternoon,
+includes Letters from London, Bristol, Falmouth, the counties of
+Berkshire, Essex, Kent, Hants, Sussex, and Suffolk; part of North Wales,
+Cornwall, Devonshire, Somersetshire, Oxfordshire, Warwickshire,
+Northamptonshire, Bedfordshire, Cheshire, and all the West of England;
+Walsall, Wolverhampton; Stafford, Stone, Shiffnall, Chester, Newcastle,
+Lawton, Northwich, Knutsford, Middlewich, Nantwich, Preston-Brook,
+Runcorn, Warrington, Frodsham, Penkridge, Eccleshall, Towcester,
+Northampton, Altringham, Didsbury, Cheadle, and Wilmslow.
+
+The fifth, at half-past two until half-past three in the afternoon, Third
+Liverpool, (per Railway,) and Leigh.
+
+The sixth, at a quarter-past four in the afternoon until nine at night,
+includes Letters from York, Wetherby, Leeds, Bradford, Huddersfield,
+Halifax, Rochdale; parts of Suffolk, Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, and
+Scotland, Derby, Ashbourn, Leek, Macclesfield, and Stockport; the
+counties of Bedford, Hertford, Leicester, and Northampton; Disley,
+Buxton, Bakewell, Matlock, Belper, Sheffield, &c.; Fourth Liverpool, (per
+Railway,) Carlisle, the whole of Scotland, the counties of Westmoreland
+and Cumberland, Ulverston, Lancaster, Preston, &c.
+
+The seventh, at half-past seven until nine at night, Fifth Liverpool,
+(per Railway,) includes Letters from Birmingham, Wolverhampton, Stafford,
+Walsall, Shiffnall, Chester, Newcastle, Lawton, Middlewich, Northwich,
+Warrington, Frodsham, Preston-brook, Runcorn, Penkridge, Knutsford,
+Congleton, Stockport, Bolton, and Rochdale.
+
+There are three deliveries by the carriers for the towns of Manchester
+and Salford, daily, at 8 30, a.m., at 12 30, p.m., and 5, p.m., except on
+Sundays, when there is only a morning delivery.  The deliveries, of
+course, must be delayed, if any irregularity in the arrival of the Mails.
+The letter carriers are at the office from 7 to 8 30, a.m., from 12 to 12
+30, p.m., and from 4 to 5, p.m.; but no letters can be delivered by them
+at the office, except to persons who have not been found when on their
+rounds.
+
+The Office continues open for strangers from 8 in the morning until 10 at
+night.  On Sundays, the office is closed from half-past 10 till half-past
+12, and from 3 till 5.
+
+
+HACKNEY COACH FARES.
+
+               DAY FARES.                  One Horse     Two Horse
+                                             Coach         Coach
+_These Fares are to be taken_, _either
+for time or distance_, _at the option
+of the driver_.
+                                             s.     d.     s.     d.
+Any distance not exceeding two thirds         1      0      1      0
+of a mile, or 1172 yards.
+Any distance exceeding two thirds of a        1      0      1      6
+mile, and not exceeding 1 mile, or 1760
+yards
+And for every succeeding third of a           0      4      0      6
+mile, or 586 yards
+If for time, then for any time not            1      0      1      0
+exceeding a quarter of an hour
+For every succeeding quarter of an hour       0      4      0      6
+For every stoppage to take up more than       0      4      0      6
+once, and to set down more than twice,
+an additional
+For every quarter of an hour waiting          0      4      0      6
+after being called
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+      FARES FROM ST. ANN'S SQUARE.         One Horse     Two Horse
+                                             Coach         Coach
+                                             s.     d.     s.     d.
+_Stockport Road_--26 yards past               1      0      1      0
+Lees-street (left)
+   -- 50 yards past Travis-street             1      0      1      6
+(right)
+_Cheetham Hill_--opposite further side        1      0      1      0
+Johnson-st.
+   -- 83 yards short of lane on left,         1      0      1      6
+near first mile stone
+_Oldham Road_--27.6 yards past                1      0      1      0
+Warwick-st. (left)
+   -- 18 yards past German-st. (right)        1      0      1      6
+_Stretford Road_--23.5 yds. past              1      0      1      0
+Gaythorn-st. (right)
+   -- 31 yards short of Branch to New         1      0      1      6
+Eccles Road
+_Broughton Road_--2 yards past end of         1      0      1      0
+Paradise-row
+   -- 3 yards short of first corner of        1      0      1      6
+Broughton Bridge
+_Bury New Road_--6.5 yards past door of       1      0      1      0
+Whitster's Arms
+   -- 14 yards short of line of               1      0      1      6
+building belonging to Mrs. Lomas
+_Pendleton Road_--45.5 yards short of         1      0      1      0
+Irwell-street
+   -- 4 yds. short of Black Horse door        1      0      1      6
+_New Eccles or Regent Road_--32.3 yds.        1      0      1      0
+past Collier-street, Liverpool-road
+   -- opposite end of New Quay Co.'s          1      0      1      6
+yard
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+         FARES FROM PICCADILLY.            One Horse     Two Horse
+                                             Coach         Coach
+                                             s.     d.     s.     d.
+_Stockport Road_--23 yards beyond             1      0      1      0
+Russel-street
+   -- 52 yards short of centre of new         1      0      1      6
+Sheffield-road
+_Cheetham Hill_--7.3 yds. short of toll       1      0      1      0
+bar on bridge
+   -- 37 yds. beyond York-place on left       1      0      1      6
+_Oldham Road_--3.3 yards beyond               1      0      1      0
+Arundel-street
+   -- 10 yds. beyond Hall's Place on          1      0      1      6
+right
+_Stretford Road_--7.3 yards past              1      0      1      0
+Briton's Protection Inn,
+Bridgewater-street
+   -- 11.5 yards past end of factory          1      0      1      6
+next river Medlock on left
+_Broughton Road_--25.3 yards beyond           1      0      1      0
+Bell's Gates, Salford
+   -- 39 yds. short of Green Bk.              1      0      1      6
+Terrace
+_Bury New Road_--2.3 yards beyond             1      0      1      0
+Backhouse and Hyde's distillery
+   -- 52 yards past Nightingale-street        1      0      1      6
+_Pendleton Road_--Opposite 1st corner         1      0      1      0
+of Walker's timber yard gates
+   --3.5 yards past Smith-st., Salford        1      0      1      6
+
+Every person calling a coach, and not employing it to such call, shall
+pay such sum as would have been due for carrying a fare from the stand to
+the place where the driver was called to.
+
+Carriages drawn by one horse to carry not exceeding four persons besides
+the driver; and in carriages drawn by two horses, for every person above
+four in addition to the driver, one fourth of the whole fare.
+
+The above fares shall be deemed a sufficient compensation for any
+reasonable luggage which the passengers may think fit to take.
+
+When the fares for any carriage with two horses shall amount to four
+shillings or upwards, or any carriage with one horse, three shillings or
+upwards, it shall be at the option of the hirer to detain such carriage,
+to return in the same, on payment of half fare, provided it be not
+detained more than twenty minutes, and for which detention no additional
+sum shall be demanded.
+
+NIGHT FARES.--After 12 o'clock at night, or before 6 o'clock in the
+morning, double the above fares are to be allowed; but when double fare
+for distance is charged, single fare for waiting only to be allowed; or
+if double fare for waiting is charged, only single fare for distance.
+
+   [_Time of standing_, _from nine_, _morning_, _to twelve_, _night_.]
+
+_Piccadilly Stand_.--3 pair-horse, 20 one-horse coaches.
+
+_St. Ann's Square_.--2 pair-horse, 15 one-horse coaches.
+
+_Railway Station and St. Peter's Square_.--2 pair-horse, and 7 one-horse
+coaches, may stand at either of these places: they usually ply in
+Liverpool Road, at the arrivals of the railway trains, and at other times
+stand in St. Peter's Square.
+
+_Hunt's Bank_, _by the Church Steps_.--2 one-horse coaches.
+
+_Tame-street_, _opposite the Crescent_, _Ancoats_.--1 one-horse coach.
+
+
+SALFORD.
+
+
+_Front of New Bailey_.--Twelve coaches.
+
+
+CHORLTON-ON-MEDLOCK.
+
+
+_All Saints' Church_.--Seven coaches.
+
+_Upper Brook-street_.--Four coaches.
+
+_Tuer-street_, _Oxford-street_.--Two coaches.
+
+
+BANKERS.
+
+         _Manchester Bankers_.            _Correspondents in London_.
+Bank of England Branch Bank.              Bank of England.
+Savings' Bank, Mr. Jn. Atkinson, Agent,
+1, Cross-street.
+Cunliffes, Brooks, & Co.,                 R. Cunliffe, jun., & Co.
+Market-street.
+Daintry, Ryle, & Co., Norfolk-street.     Whitmore, Wells, & Co.
+B. Heywood & Co., St. Anne-street.        Masterman & Co.
+W. Jones, Lloyd, & Co., King-street.      Jones, Lloyd, & Co.
+Scholes, Tetlow, & Co., Cannon-street.    Curries & Co.
+Bank of Manchester, Market-street.        Denison & Co.
+Manchester & Liverpool District Bank,     Smith, Payne, & Co.
+Spring Gardens.
+Northern and Central Bank,                Westminster Bank.
+Crown-street.
+Union Bank, Crown-street.                 Glyn & Co.
+Commercial Bank of England,               Masterman & Co.
+Mosley-street.
+Manchester & Salford Bank, King-st.       Williams, Deacon & Co.
+South Lancashire Bank, Crown-street.      Barclay & Co.
+
+NEWSPAPERS.
+
+
+There are five Newspapers in Manchester; four of them weekly, published
+on Saturday; and the fifth, the Guardian, published twice a week,
+Wednesday and Saturday.  We annex their names and politics, and their
+circulation, as deduced from the stamp return for the three months ending
+1st March, 1838:--
+
+GUARDIAN, Whig                5050
+ADVERTISER, Ultra Radical     3412
+TIMES, Moderate Radical       2529
+COURIER, Conservative         2824
+CHRONICLE, Conservative       1382
+
+*** For further particulars we refer the Stranger to the Manchester
+Directory.
+
+
+PRINCIPAL TOWNS NEAR MANCHESTER.
+
+
+_Altringham_.  Its chief manufactures are yarn, cotton, and worsted.
+Population, 2,302. 8 miles S.W. of Manchester.
+
+_Ashton_.  Woollens.  Population, 9,222.  7 miles E.
+
+_Bolton_.  Muslin, quilting, and dimity.  Population, 22,037. 11 miles
+N.W.
+
+_Bury_.  Cotton.  Population, 10,583.  9 miles N.N.W.
+
+_Fairfield_.  A Moravian settlement.  4 miles E.
+
+_Knutsford_.  Thread, worsted, and leather. Population, 2,753. 15 miles
+S.
+
+_Macclesfield_.  Silk.  Population, 17,746.  18 miles S.
+
+_Middleton_.  Cotton.  Population, 12,793.  7 miles N.
+
+_Newton_.  Fustian and cotton.  Population, 1,643.  16 miles W.
+
+_Rochdale_. Woollen and strong cotton goods. Population, 61,011.  12
+miles N.
+
+_Stockport_.  Cotton.  Population, 21,726.  7 miles S.
+
+_Warrington_.  Cotton.  Population, 13,570.  15 miles W.
+
+_Wigan_.  Cotton and linen.  Population, 17,716.  18 N.W.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+Acton station, 58.
+
+Aston church, 13.
+
+-- hall, 14.
+
+-- viaduct, _ib._
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Basford station, 45.
+
+Barr Beacon, 16.
+
+Beeston castle, account of, 51.
+
+Bescot Bridge station, 19.
+
+Birmingham, account of, 1.
+
+-- antiquity of, 2.
+
+-- bankers, 111.
+
+-- brass founders, 106.
+
+-- British plate manufacturers, _ib._
+
+-- button manufacturers, _ib._
+
+-- buildings and institutions of, 7, 9, 97, 98.
+
+-- canal conveyance, 113.
+
+-- commercial boarding houses, 112.
+
+-- cut and plain glass manufacturers, 107.
+
+-- etymology of, 1.
+
+-- glass works, 107.
+
+-- gun and pistol makers, _ib._
+
+-- hackney coach fares, 111.
+
+-- inns, 112.
+
+-- iron founders, 108.
+
+-- japanners, _ib._
+
+-- jewellers, silversmiths, and emporiums for every description of
+cutlery, plated wares, &c., _ib._
+
+-- lamp, chandelier, candelabra, lustre, &c. manufacturers, 108.
+
+-- manufactures of, 4.
+
+-- manufacturers, miscellaneous, &c., 109.
+
+-- metal rollers, 108.
+
+-- newspapers, list of, 112.
+
+-- omnibus offices, _ib._
+
+-- pin makers, 109.
+
+-- places of note adjacent to, 114.
+
+-- places of worship, 8, 9, 99-105.
+
+-- platers, and manufacturers of silver and plated wares, 109.
+
+-- post office, 110.
+
+-- public amusements, 98.
+
+-- public charities, _ib._
+
+-- schools, _ib._
+
+-- screw manufacturers, 109.
+
+-- station house, 12.
+
+-- steam engine manufacturers, 109.
+
+-- waggon warehouses, 114.
+
+-- water works, 15.
+
+Bolton Junction station, 85.
+
+Bridgeford hall, 37.
+
+-- station, 36.
+
+Broad Green station, 70.
+
+Bury-lane station, 85.
+
+Bushbury hill and church, 26.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Cannock Chase, 28.
+
+Chat Moss, account of, 86.
+
+Congleton, account of, 49.
+
+Coppenhall station, 48.
+
+Crewe station, 46.
+
+Cross-lane Bridge station, 88.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Darlaston, account of, 20.
+
+Delamere Forest, account of, 51.
+
+Duddeston, 13.
+
+Dudley, account of, 18.
+
+Dutton viaduct, 58.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Eccles church, 87.
+
+Eccleshall, account of, 38.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Four Ashes station, 28.
+
+Frodsham, account of, 60.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Hampstead hall, 17.
+
+Hartford station, 55.
+
+Huyton Gate and Roby-lane Gate stations, 69.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+James's Bridge station, 20.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Knowsley Park, 69.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Liverpool, account of, 72.
+
+-- antiquity of, _ib._
+
+-- bankers, 128.
+
+-- baths, 116.
+
+-- buildings of, 79, 115.
+
+-- castle of, 73.
+
+-- commerce of, 77.
+
+-- distinguished natives of, 82.
+
+-- docks of, 78, 116.
+
+-- etymology of, 72.
+
+-- foreign packets, 120.
+
+-- harbour of, 77.
+
+-- importance of, 74.
+
+-- inns, 120.
+
+-- literary, and scientific institutions, 116.
+
+-- manufactures of, 82.
+
+-- markets, 116.
+
+-- newspapers, list of, 129.
+
+-- objects of attraction, 115.
+
+-- post office, 124-127.
+
+-- places of worship, 81, 118.
+
+-- public amusements, 115.
+
+-- public charities, 117.
+
+-- railroad regulations, 118.  See also sheet table.
+
+-- steam navigation, 121-124.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Madeley station, 43.
+
+Manchester, account of, 89.
+
+-- bankers, 143.
+
+-- baths, 136.
+
+-- commencement of its manufacturing celebrity, 90.
+
+-- distinguished natives of, 96.
+
+-- etymology of, 89.
+
+-- hackney coach fares, 140-142.
+
+-- hotels, coaches, and coach offices, 137.
+
+-- manufactures of, 91, 130.
+
+-- newspapers, 143.
+
+-- origin of, 89.
+
+-- places of public amusement, 136.
+
+-- places of worship, 133-136.
+
+-- post office, 138-140.
+
+-- principal towns near, 144.
+
+-- public buildings and institutions of, 94, 131, 136.
+
+-- railroad, 137.
+
+-- situation of, 93.
+
+Mersey viaduct, 62.
+
+Middlewich, account of, 52.
+
+Minshull Vernon station, 50.
+
+Moore station, 61.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Nantwich, account of, 46.
+
+Newton Junction, 65.
+
+-- town of, 84.
+
+Nixon, Robert, account of, 54.
+
+Northwich, account of, 56.
+
+-- brine springs, _ib._
+
+Norton Bridge station, 37.
+
+Norton priory, 60.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Old Roman Way, 29.
+
+Over, account of, 53.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Parkside station, 85.
+
+Patricroft station, 87.
+
+Penkridge church, 30.
+
+-- station, 31.
+
+Perry Barr station, 16.
+
+-- hall, 17.
+
+Potteries, account of, 38.
+
+Prescot, account of, 68.
+
+Preston-Brook station,60.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Quarry Bridge, 30.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Rowley Hills, 21.
+
+Runcorn, account of, 61.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Sandbach, account of, 49.
+
+Sandwell Park, 17.
+
+Spread Eagle station, 29.
+
+Stafford, account of, 32.
+
+-- station, _ib._
+
+Standon church, 40.
+
+Stone, account of, 38.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Tunnel, Liverpool, 70.
+
+-- Wednesfield, 22.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Vale Royal viaduct, 54.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Walsall, account of, 19.
+
+Warrington station, 62.
+
+-- account of, _ib._
+
+Waste-lane station, 88.
+
+Wednesbury, account of, 19.
+
+West Bromwich, 17.
+
+-- gas works, _ib._
+
+Whitmore station, 41.
+
+Willenhall, account of, 22.
+
+-- station, _ib._
+
+Winsford station, 53.
+
+Winwick church, 64.
+
+-- hall, 65.
+
+-- station, 64.
+
+Wolverhampton, account of, 24.
+
+-- station, 23.
+
+
+
+
+NOTES.
+
+
+{v}  The work is published either with or without the steel plates.
+
+{7}  The proceeds of the Musical Festivals are for the benefit of the
+General Hospital, and not given to the Dispensary, as is stated in Mr.
+Lacy's Liverpool Guide-book.
+
+{11}  "The Picture of Birmingham," published by J. Drake, New-street,
+containing an historical and descriptive account of the town, with an
+accurate map, and twelve views of the principal buildings, &c.
+
+{14}  See page 2.
+
+{97a}   For a detailed account of objects worthy the traveller's notice,
+see the "Picture of Birmingham," published by J. Drake, 52, New-street;
+W. Wood, 78, High street; and to be had of all booksellers.
+
+{97b}  A correct view of the Town Hall, Free Grammar School, and Market
+Hall, to be had on a sheet, the one shilling, at J. Drake's, 52,
+New-street, and of all booksellers.
+
+{106}  The limits of this work would not admit of a more extensive list
+of the manufacturers of Birmingham, which are exceedingly numerous.
+
+{110}  With Foreign Letters, _via_ Birmingham and Chester to Holyhead.
+
+
+
+
+ADVERTISEMENTS.
+
+
+CLARK'S
+METALLIC HOT-HOUSE MANUFACTORY,
+
+
+                           _ESTABLISHED_ 1818,
+
+                   FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND ERECTION OF
+
+                             CONSERVATORIES,
+
+                           HOT AND GREEN-HOUSES
+
+                                   AND
+
+                         HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS
+
+                          OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                  COPPER SASHES, FAN-LIGHTS, SKY-LIGHTS,
+
+                               &c. &c. &c.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                               PROPRIETOR,
+                        MR. THOMAS CLARK, JUNIOR,
+
+                                 MANAGER,
+                             MR. JOHN JONES.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                      64, Lionel-street, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+W. AND T. AVERY,
+
+
+                            ESTABLISHED 1730,
+
+                      MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF
+
+                    SCALES, SCALE BEAMS, & STEELYARDS,
+
+                                _TO WEIGH_
+
+                  From 100th part of a grain to 20 tons;
+
+                        PATENT WEIGHING MACHINES,
+
+                       Screw Plates and Die Stocks;
+
+                 ROAD MACHINES UPON THE BEST PRINCIPLES;
+
+              Standard Scales and Weights for Corporations:
+
+                           DIGBETH, BIRMINGHAM,
+
+                      AND 32, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+JOSEPH STUBBS,
+
+
+                                   LATE
+
+                          RADENHURST AND STUBBS,
+
+                            _MANUFACTURER OF_
+
+                          WHIPS AND WHIP THONGS,
+
+                        SADDLES, BRIDLES, HARNESS,
+
+                                   &c.
+
+                 13, Jamaica-row, Smithfield, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                         [Picture: Coat of Arms]
+
+
+
+EDWARDS, BALL AND CO.,
+
+
+                       82, High-street, Birmingham,
+
+                  JEWELLERS, SILVERSMITHS, CUTLERS, &c.,
+                                 EMPORIUM
+
+                         FOR THE MANUFACTURES OF
+
+                 _BIRMINGHAM_, _SHEFFIELD_, _AND LONDON_.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                      Established nearly a century.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+THIS spacious suite of Rooms offers to the inspection of the Visiter, an
+extensive selection of fashionable Jewellery, Gold and Silver Plate; and
+a large assortment of second hand Plate; Plated Wares of every variety;
+Fancy Silver Goods; Gilt Jewellery and Trinkets; Gold and Silver Watches;
+German Silver, and Plated on Steel Articles; Warranted Cutlery, Elastic
+Razors, and Strops; Fancy Hearth Brushes; Papier Machee Trays and
+Japanned Wares; Bronze Tea and Coffee Urns; Britannia Metal Goods; Bronze
+and Or Molu Suspending and Table Lanps, Candelabra, Lustres, Inkstands,
+&c.; Regulation and Dress Swords; Patent Corkscrews; Snuffers and
+Polished Steel Articles of every description.
+
+N.B. Canteens made and fitted to contain Plate. Livery Button Dies cut,
+and Buttons made to order on the shortest notice. Medals and Seals for
+Public Companies and Scientific Societies, Communion Services,
+Presentation Plate, and Silver Cups designed and executed in the first
+style of Art.
+
+                    Arms, Crests, and Mottos Engraved.
+
+                    FURNISHING IRONMONGERY IN GENERAL.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+JAMES WARD,
+
+
+                   No. 12, ST. MARY'S ROW, BIRMINGHAM,
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                           _GUN CLEANING RODS_,
+
+                             WADDING PUNCHES,
+
+               Cap'd and Common Worms, Lock Vices, Nipples,
+
+                      _NIPPLE AND OTHER TURNSCREWS_,
+
+                         BULLET AND SHOT MOULDS,
+
+                                 &c. &c.
+
+                      ENGRAVING AND LETTER-CUTTING;
+
+ Letter Punches, Sheep, Bag, and Burn Marks; Door Plates and Seals neatly
+               engraved; Artificial Flower Punches, &c. &c.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+THOMAS ELKINGTON,
+
+
+                         GOLD AND SILVER BEATER,
+
+                          _WHOLESALE DEALER IN_
+
+                       SILVER POWDER, BRONZE, &c.,
+
+                     146, Lionel-street, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+R. W. CHILD,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                            _FANCY GILT TOYS_,
+
+                             JEWELLERY, &c.,
+
+                   36, Lench-street, St. Mary's Square,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                         [Picture: Coat of Arms]
+
+
+
+MAPPLEBECK AND LOWE'S
+
+
+                     EMPORIUM FOR THE MANUFACTURES OF
+
+                    BIRMINGHAM, LONDON, AND SHEFFIELD
+                MANUFACTURING AND FURNISHING IRONMONGERY,
+
+                          Wholesale and Retail.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                             BY APPOINTMENT,
+_Agents to Messrs. JOSEPH RODGERS and SONS_, _Sheffield_, _Cutlers to her
+                                Majesty_.
+
+THE Nobility, Gentry, and Strangers visiting Birmingham, are respectfully
+invited to this Establishment, whether as Purchasers, or Parties in
+search of amusement. The SHOW ROOMS, contain the finished articles for
+Sale that are manufactured in this Town, London, and Sheffield--and are
+open to all persons of respectability. Cards of admission, to inspect
+some of the distinguished Manufactories, may be obtained at this
+Establishment.
+
+
+Cutlery Show Rooms,
+
+
+Contains an elegant and splendid assortment of every description of
+articles in Cutlery, and beautiful specimens from the Manufactory and
+Show Rooms of Messrs. Rodgers and Sons, and various other articles which
+present novelties of unusual taste and variety; also, an extensive
+variety of rich _Sheffield Plated Wares_, (with strong Silver edges and
+shields for engraving arms or crests upon,) _German Silver and Britannia
+Metal Goods_.
+
+
+Furnishing Show Room,
+
+
+Contains splendid Patent Fire Places, elegant Bronzed Steel and Or-molu
+Stove Grates, Fenders, Fire Irons and supports--Bronzed Tea and Coffee
+Urns, Kettles on Stands, &c. &c., of the best manufacture, and entirely
+new patterns.--A splendid assortment of the best Japanned Papier Machee
+Trays and Waiters; also, Ladies' Work Tables, Fire Screens, Card Racks,
+and Cases from the first manufacturers.--Bronzed Inkstands, Lustres,
+Thermometers, Card Racks, Wax Tapers, &c. &c.--Chandelier, Table, Hall,
+Candle and other Lamps, and Candelabras in Bronze and Or-molu.
+
+
+Establishment for Furnishing
+
+
+Gentlemen's Seats, Halls, Houses, &c., in the most complete manner and
+first style of elegance: Kitchen Ranges, on most improved principles;
+Economical Cooking Apparatus, with the latest improvements, and every
+description of Ironmongery, and superior Braizery Goods; improved Shower
+Baths, with Pump; Warm, Cold, Hip, and Feet Baths; Horticultural
+Implements in great variety, viz., Tool Chests, Fumigating Bellows,
+Scott's Portable Garden Pumps, Engines, and Mennogrammes (or improved
+Labels) for Flower Pots, &c., highly approved of by the first
+Horticulturists.
+
+ EXPERIENCED BELL-HANGERS AND LOCKSMITHS SENT TO ANY PART OF THE COUNTRY.
+
+The Wholesale Ironmongery business connected with this Establishment, is
+conducted at No. 1, GOLDEN COURT, adjoining.
+
+*** _Goods for Exportation and Shipping Orders_, _executed on the most
+advantageous terms_.
+
+                        6, Bull Ring, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+JOHN RODGERS AND SONS,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURERS OF
+
+                      WOOLLEN GIRTH, ROLLER, BRACE,
+
+                                   AND
+
+                                BELT WEBS;
+
+                        ELASTIC INDIA RUBBER WEBS,
+
+                         AND EVERY DESCRIPTION OF
+
+                     BRACES, BELTS, MILITARY SASHES,
+
+                    GIRTHS, SILK PURSES, WATCH GUARDS,
+                                   &c.,
+
+                         CHISWELL-STREET, LONDON,
+
+                      And Broad-street, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+THOMAS CLARK AND CO.,
+
+
+                        JEWELLERS & SILVERSMITHS,
+
+                           _GILT AND STEEL TOY_
+
+                              MANUFACTURERS,
+
+                                 &c. &c.,
+
+                      53, Lionel-street, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                    GOLD, SILVER, AND GILT JEWELLERY;
+
+                               SNUFF BOXES,
+                EVER POINTED PENCIL CASES, THIMBLES, &c.,
+
+                    In great variety, always on hand.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                         [Picture: Coat of Arms]
+
+
+
+JAMES BROWN,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                          BRITANNIA METAL GOODS,
+
+                       Paradise-street, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+JOHN LILLEY, JUN.,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                         SILVER AND PLATED WARES,
+
+                         MILITARY ORNAMENTS, &c.,
+
+                         _OF EVERY DESCRIPTION_,
+
+                    23, St. Paul's Square, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+THOMAS HORTON, AND CO.,
+
+
+                         MAKERS OF GERMAN SILVER,
+
+                           AND MANUFACTURERS OF
+
+                           SPOONS, FORKS, &c.,
+
+                     _IN THE IMPROVED BRITISH PLATE_,
+
+                      34, Lench-street, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+SAMUEL RAWLINS & SON,
+
+
+                      MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF
+
+                            Saddlery, Harness,
+
+                        BRIDLES, SHOT-BELTS, &c.,
+
+                             FOR EXPORTATION.
+
+                        CURRIERS, LEATHER FACTORS,
+
+                                   AND
+
+                         FOREIGN HIDE MERCHANTS,
+
+                         No. 100, WEAMAN STREET,
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+NEEDHAM'S
+
+
+                             IMPROVED PATENT
+
+                           MILITARY & PORTABLE
+
+                               _BOX SPURS_,
+
+                     AND SPURS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION,
+
+                    FOR THE HOME AND FOREIGN MARKETS.
+
+                    MANUFACTORY, 16, COLESHILL STREET,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                         [Picture: Coat of Arms]
+
+
+
+W. HOPKINS & SON,
+
+
+                          (_Late James Barron_,)
+
+                               PATENT BLIND
+
+                              MANUFACTURERS,
+
+                                   AND
+
+                         GENERAL BRASS FOUNDERS,
+
+                         25, LOWER TEMPLE-STREET,
+
+                               Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                  MAPS MOUNTED ON A SUPERIOR PRINCIPLE;
+
+                      SPRING BLINDS FOR SHOP FRONTS,
+
+                       ON AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION;
+
+                            GAUZE WIRE BLINDS,
+
+                     OLD BLINDS PAINTED AND REPAIRED,
+
+                              &c., &c., &c.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+SAMUEL BROWN,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                    Pocket Books & Fancy Leather Cases
+
+                            IN EVERY VARIETY.
+
+                           UPPER GOUGH STREET,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+FASHIONABLE
+CLOTHING ESTABLISHMENT,
+CURZON PLACE, NEW STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                              W. B. REYNOLDS
+
+Has much pleasure in announcing to his Friends and the Public generally,
+that (in consequence of the decease of his late foreman) he has succeeded
+in engaging from London a Gentleman of acknowledged taste, ability, and
+experience, to superintend the cutting department of his business. He
+therefore feels the fullest confidence in soliciting the continued
+patronage of his Friends, the Gentry, and Inhabitants of Birmingham and
+its vicinity, respectfully assuring them, that all orders with which he
+may be favoured will be executed in a style of superiority and fashion,
+not to be surpassed by any establishment at the West end of the
+metropolis.
+
+To the Ladies, W. B. R. requests particularly to observe, that, having
+for five years had the management of a business in Bond Street, London,
+in which
+
+                           LADIES RIDING HABITS
+
+formed a leading feature, and much conduced to its celebrity, he can
+promise without reserve, that their commands in this department shall be
+executed in a manner equal, if not superior, in taste and elegance, to
+the most reputed houses in the kingdom.
+
+                  LIVERIES, MACINTOSH GREAT COATS, &c.,
+                            IN EVERY VARIETY.
+
+                           FUNERALS FURNISHED.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+No. 7, ST. PAUL'S SQUARE, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                            WILLIAM MITCHELL,
+
+                        ORIGINAL GENERAL METALLIC
+
+                                   PEN
+
+                              MANUFACTURER,
+
+MOST respectfully requests the notice of the Merchants, Dealers, and
+Stationers, to his extensive Assortment of
+
+
+STEEL PENS,
+
+
+comprising every variety of the most approved general patterns,
+manufactured of the best materials, and finished in a most superior
+manner; also, with the above he particularly recommends his
+
+
+VICTORIA PENS,
+
+
+as combining in themselves all the best properties of the Quill, and
+possessing, in a superior degree, the durability and beautiful equality
+in the appearance of the writing, that the most elaborately finished
+Steel Pens exhibit.
+
+Sold Wholesale at the Manufactory, and at his Agents', Messrs. Wood &
+Son, No. 4, Newcastle-street, Farringdon-street, London; Mr. Simmons',
+No. 9, St. Ann's Square, Manchester; Mr. Grafton's, Civet Cat,
+Lord-street, Liverpool, and retail by all Stationers.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+CABINET,
+UPHOLSTERY, AND PAPER HANGING
+WAREHOUSE,
+
+
+            16, WORCESTER-STREET, (OPPOSITE THE MARKET HALL,)
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                J. WRIGHT,
+
+VERY respectfully calls the attention of Families Furnishing, to his
+extensive Stock, which will be found to consist of an unusually large
+assortment of
+
+
+CABINET FURNITURE:
+
+
+comprising great varieties of every article of warranted manufacture, and
+of the most seasoned materials, for every department of the dwelling,
+manufactured consistently with the prevailing Metropolitan style and
+taste, and with great regard to that desideratum of the day--_economy in
+price_.
+
+
+UPHOLSTERY, &c.
+
+
+Damask and Plain Moreens, Chintzes, Trimmings, Floor Cloths,
+Table-Baizes, &c. &c., of the first quality.
+
+
+PAPER HANGINGS
+
+
+In great variety, selected from the first houses in the Trade; and which
+for style, quality, or price, he flatters himself cannot be excelled.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+MENDEL'S
+MANCHESTER AND LIVERPOOL
+HOTEL,
+BRIDGE-STREET, MANCHESTER.
+
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                             EMANUEL MENDEL,
+
+BEGS leave to inform Commercial Gentlemen and the Public generally, that
+he has opened the above House, which is fitted-up in a superior manner,
+and hopes, by attention and assiduity, to merit a share of public
+patronage.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+               WINES AND SPIRITS OF THE VERY BEST QUALITY.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+            N.B.--EXCELLENT STABLING AND LOCK-UP COACH-HOUSES.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                         [Picture: Coat Of Arms]
+
+
+
+ROYAL HOTEL,
+_MAIL AND COACH OFFICE_.
+
+
+                            FROM THIS OFFICE,
+
+                                DEPART ALL
+
+                        HER MAJESTY'S ROYAL MAILS,
+
+                       (_Except the Burnley Mail_);
+
+                         ALSO, A GREAT NUMBER OF
+
+                               FIRST-RATE,
+
+                        FAST, FOUR-HORSE COACHES:
+
+                              THUS AFFORDING
+
+                       OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRAVELLING
+
+                     By Superior Conveyances, to the
+
+                NORTH, INTO YORKSHIRE, AND TO ALL PARTS OF
+
+                               THE KINGDOM,
+
+                              ALMOST HOURLY.
+
+                                                           LACY AND ALLEN,
+                                                            _PROPRIETORS_.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+YORK HOTEL
+
+
+                                   AND
+
+                              FAMILY HOUSE,
+
+                               KING-STREET,
+
+                               MANCHESTER.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                                R. SWYER.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+TALBOT INN,
+
+
+                              MARKET-STREET,
+
+                               MANCHESTER,
+
+                            AN OLD ESTABLISHED
+
+                                  HOUSE.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                         [Picture: Coat of Arms]
+
+
+
+COMMERCIAL AND FAMILY HOUSE,
+KING'S ARMS
+HOTEL,
+
+
+                               JOHN ELTON,
+
+                         KING-STREET, MANCHESTER.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+MARY OGDEN,
+COMMERCIAL INN,
+
+
+                              MARKET-STREET,
+
+                         CORNER OF BROWN-STREET,
+
+                               MANCHESTER.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+BEE COFFEE ROOMS,
+
+
+                        UNDER THE LATE PALACE INN,
+
+                        MARKET-STREET, MANCHESTER.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+               THIS ESTABLISHMENT IS PECULIARLY ADAPTED FOR
+
+                        STRANGERS AND TRAVELLERS,
+
+                       FROM ITS CENTRAL SITUATION.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, Tea, And Supper,
+
+                      SUPPLIED ON A MINUTE'S NOTICE,
+
+                       AND AT VERY MODERATE PRICES.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+H. P. THATCHER,
+
+
+                     No. 19, King-street, Manchester,
+
+                         LADIES' AND GENTLEMEN'S
+
+                         FASHIONABLE HAIR CUTTER
+
+                               AND DRESSER,
+
+                 DEPOT FOR FOREIGN AND BRITISH PERFUMERY,
+
+        Inventor of the much admired Sicilian Cream for the Hair.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+  A good assortment of Hair, Tooth, Nail, and Clothes Brushes; Tortoise
+             shell, Ivory, and Horn Combs, in great variety.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+ST. GEORGE'S
+INDEPENDENT COACH
+AND
+GENERAL OMNIBUS OFFICE,
+
+
+                   (Opposite the End of Union-street,)
+
+                         HIGH-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                  Coaches to most Parts of the Kingdom.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+             Conveyance Company's OMNIBUSES to the following
+                                 Places.
+
+      Wolverhampton--Stourbridge--Dudley--Walsall--Hagley--Bewdley--
+ Kidderminster--Brierley Hill--West Bromwich--Wednesbury--Bilston--Hales
+                                  Owen.
+
+                                                       HENRY GENDERS & CO.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+SWAN HOTEL.
+
+
+                           THEODORE WAKEFIELD,
+
+                       ORIGINAL POSTING AND FAMILY
+
+                                  HOTEL,
+
+                         HIGH-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+T. W. begs to acquaint his Friends and the Public that his OMNIBUSES PLY
+at the London and Birmingham and Grand Junction Railway Stations
+constantly on the Arrival and Departure of the Trains.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+W. TATEHAM,
+
+
+                             32, TEMPLE-ROW,
+
+                     (Three Doors from Bull-street,)
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM,
+
+         BEGS TO CALL THE ATTENTION OF LADIES & GENTLEMEN TO HIS
+
+                                _IMPROVED_
+
+                                METHOD OF
+
+                              PERUKE MAKING,
+
+          And to state the superiority of his System to that of
+                           his Contemporaries.
+
+His PERUKES are so constructed as to fit the Head with the greatest
+Precision, and form exactly the natural angle on the Forehead, the
+Artificial Hair being completely carried off the Temples.  He defies the
+most proficient connoisseur to distinguish them from a perfectly natural
+head of hair.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+WILLIAM HORTON AND CO.,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURERS OF
+
+                      NEEDLES, PINS, AND FISHHOOKS,
+
+                        REDDITCH, WORCESTERSHIRE,
+
+                                   AND
+
+                    GREAT HAMPTON-STREET, BIRMINGHAM,
+
+      By special appointment to Her Majesty the Queen, and Her Royal
+                      Highness the Duchess of Kent.
+
+            SOLE INVENTORS OF THE CELEBRATED VICTORIA NEEDLE.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+H. AND J. GIBBS,
+
+
+                   Platers on Steel and German Silver,
+
+                             MANUFACTURERS OF
+
+                       METAL AND JAPANNED BUTTONS,
+
+          Cloak Clasps, Split Rings, Stay Holes, Fancy Gilt and
+                           Steel Toys, &c. &c.
+
+                        7, LITTLE CHARLES-STREET,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+I. SHERWOOD,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                    BRASS, COPPER, BLOCK TIN, AND IRON
+
+                             GAS PIPING, &c.
+
+                   _TENANT-STREET MILL_, _BIRMINGHAM_.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+            N.B. Locomotive Engine Pipes of superior Quality.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+ELIZ. STURGES AND SON,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURERS OF
+
+                       PLATINA, BRITISH PLATE, AND
+                          BRITANNIA METAL WARES,
+
+                                  IN THE
+
+              Greatest Variety of Form, Quality, and Price.
+
+The Platina Tea and Coffee Sets were invented and are made only by ELIZ.
+STURGES and SON, are warranted never to lose their original shape or
+colour, and are sold at about the same price as Britannia Metal Sets.
+
+                    26, LICHFIELD-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+ENGRAVING.
+
+
+                     ADDRESS CARDS, BANKERS' CHECKS,
+                             AND BILL PLATES;
+
+          Seal Stones, Gold and Silver Plate, Engraved equal to
+
+                          _LONDON HOUSES_, _AT_
+
+                               C. COBURN'S,
+
+                         ENGRAVER AND STATIONER,
+
+                   9, Ann-street, (near the Town hall,)
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+BACCHUS & GREEN,
+
+
+                     PLAIN & CUT GLASS MANUFACTURERS,
+
+                            UNION GLASS WORKS,
+
+                              _BIRMINGHAM_.
+
+      WAREHOUSE,
+8, Tokenhouse Yard, LONDON.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+WILLIAM CHAMBERS DAY,
+
+
+                              IRON FOUNDER,
+                       SUFFOLK STREET, BIRMINGHAM,
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+Every Description of Weighing Machines, suitable for Railways, Road
+Wagons, Wharfs, Corn Dealers, Woolstaplers, Curriers, Grocers, &c.
+Scales, Scale Beams, Steelyards, Die Stocks, Screw Plates, Sugar Mills
+and Straw-cutting Engines on an improved Principle, Mill Castings, &c.
+
+              English and Foreign Weights in Iron or Brass.
+
+              MANUFACTURER OF THE PATENT DEEP COPPER SCALES.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+JOHN LAW,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                        PATENT TACK AND CUT NAILS,
+
+                          OF EVERY DESCRIPTION,
+
+                         PAD BOX AND TRUNK LOCKS,
+
+               Wrought Iron Hinges, Pressed Riveted Hinges,
+
+                     HEAVY OR WEIGHTY BULWARK HINGES,
+
+                 _HOOKS and HINGES_, _ROUNDS or WASHERS_,
+
+                                BRACKETS,
+
+                     CORNICE SLIDES, STAIR ROD EYES,
+
+                                   AND
+
+          Ironmongery of every Description suitable for Foreign
+                          and Home Consumption,
+
+                    47, COLESHILL-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+J. F. PARKER,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                           SILVER PLATED WARES,
+
+                       72, HIGH STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+   Candlesticks, Cruet and Liquor Frames, Tea Urns and Sets, Epergnes,
+                             Dishes, &c. &c.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+BIRMINGHAM COMMERCIAL AND PRIVATE
+BOARDING HOUSE,
+
+
+                                 NO. 12,
+
+                        Union Passage, New-street.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                           MR. AND MRS. JONES,
+
+Respectfully inform their Friends and the Public, that Ladies and
+Gentlemen visiting or passing through Birmingham, will meet with every
+attention and comfort at this Establishment, at very reasonable charges.
+The house is central and retired, and contiguous to the Post Office and
+Principal Coach Offices.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+EDWARD STUBS,
+
+
+                           WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
+
+                          MANUFACTURING FURRIER,
+
+                                DEALER IN
+
+                        TUSCAN AND STRAW BONNETS,
+
+                                 19 & 22,
+
+                         NEW-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+             Furs Cleaned, Repaired, and Altered, with every
+                 attention.--Bonnets Cleaned and Altered.
+
+                       OLD FURS TAKEN IN EXCHANGE.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+DAVID COPE & SON,
+
+
+               Nos. 7 & 8, BARTHOLOMEW-STREET, BIRMINGHAM,
+
+                             Manufacturers of
+
+                          Plated Spoons, Forks,
+
+                          SOUP AND PUNCH LADLES,
+
+               ASPARAGUS TONGS, DECANTER CORKS AND LABELS,
+
+          Sugar Tongs, Toast Racks, Knife Rests, Gilt and Plated
+                     Egg Spoons, Sugar Crushers, &c.
+
+                  BRITISH PLATE, SPOONS, FORKS, &c. &c.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+T. FLETCHER,
+
+
+                                   31,
+                              _TEMPLE ROW_,
+                               BIRMINGHAM,
+
+                  (_Nearly opposite DEE'S Royal Hotel_,)
+
+                         Has constantly on Sale,
+
+                           PIANO FORTES, HARPS,
+
+                            _GUITARS_, &c, &c.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+         Piano Fortes, Harps, &c. lent on Hire, Exchanged, Tuned,
+                              and Repaired.
+
+                       IMPORTER OF FOREIGN STRINGS.
+
+                                   ALL
+
+                                New Music
+
+                          AS SOON AS PUBLISHED.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+GEORGE MINES,
+
+
+                         STOCK AND SHARE BROKER,
+
+                                   78,
+                       Newhall-street, Birmingham,
+
+          Begs to inform the Public he has commenced Business as
+
+                         Stock and Share Broker,
+
+And from 13 Years' experience he has had in every branch of the Business,
+he doubts not of giving perfect satisfaction to all who may favour him
+with their Instructions.
+
+*** He has a first rate Agency in _London_, _Liverpool_, &c., and has
+Daily Information of the state of all the Markets.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+TEMPERANCE ARMS
+
+
+                        54, DALE END, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                               JOB WILKINS,
+
+Through this medium, begs to acquaint the Public generally, especially
+Friends of Temperance Travelling, either on business or pleasure, they
+will find his Establishment comfortable and convenient, being between the
+Birmingham and London and Grand Junction Railway Stations and the
+principal Coach Offices, and within a few minutes' walk of either.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+      Tea, Coffee, Chops, and Steaks, at any hour of the day, but no
+              Intoxicating Liquors allowed on the Premises.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+            WELL AIRED BEDS, PRIVATE ROOMS: CHARGES MODERATE.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                 _Cars for Hire_, _with Careful Drivers_.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+JOSEPH SHORE AND SONS,
+
+
+                         IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
+
+                        Foreign Wines and Spirits;
+
+                              11, Easy Row,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                         [Picture: Coat of Arms]
+
+
+
+JENNENS & BETTRIDGE,
+
+
+                       Japanners and Manufacturers
+
+                                    OF
+
+                            PAPIER MACHEE, &c.
+
+                             TO HER MAJESTY,
+
+    (_And to their late Majesties_, _George and William the Fourth_,)
+
+                          99, CONSTITUTION HILL,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM,
+
+                                   AND
+
+                          3, HALKIN-STREET WEST,
+
+                         BELGRAVE SQUARE, LONDON.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+            _THIS ESTABLISHMENT IS OPEN TO THE INSPECTION OF_
+                               _VISITERS_.
+
+N.B. Cards of Admission to the principal Manufacturing Establishments and
+Show Rooms in Birmingham, may be had of J. and B.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+SILVER TEA URN,
+
+
+                               9, DALE END,
+
+              And New Market Place, Belmont Row, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                         HENRY AND CHARLES GROVE,
+
+                             GENERAL GROCERS,
+
+          Tea Dealers, Coffee Roasters, Cheese & Butter Factors,
+
+                            TOBACCONISTS, &c.
+
+                         HOP AND SEED WAREHOUSE.
+                  Agents to the Durham Mustard Company.
+
+H. & C. GROVE embrace this opportunity of tendering their most grateful
+thanks to their Friends and the Public, for the very distinguished
+patronage their Establishments have been honoured with; and at the same
+time beg to observe, that all Orders entrusted to them will be executed
+under their own superintendence, and every effort exercised to strengthen
+that confidence already shown by the very flattering encouragement they
+have experienced.
+
+            N.B. Orders from the Country promptly attended to.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+SAMPSON ASTON,
+
+
+              NO. 1, JENNENS' ROW, ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S SQUARE,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM,
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                           BOX AND IVORY RULES,
+
+              Routledge's and Hawthorn's Improved Locomotive
+                            ENGINEERS' RULES,
+                  AND RULES OF EVERY OTHER DESCRIPTION.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+PUMP COMMERCIAL TAVERN,
+
+
+                        (OPPOSITE THE OLD CHURCH,)
+
+                          BULL RING, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                              THOMAS EVANS,
+
+              (Lately of Radenhurst's Nelson Coach Office,)
+
+Having succeeded to the Business of his late Father-in-law, the
+Proprietor of the above Establishment, has made extensive arrangements of
+the House; particularly by considerably enlarging his Coffee Room, and
+making several new, and improving and refurnishing the former, Sitting
+Rooms, Bed Rooms, &c. &c. The result of these Improvements is, that T. E.
+is enabled to offer the accommodation of a Family Hotel on the most
+reasonable Terms. Visiters to Birmingham will find at this House all the
+convenience of their own residence, upon a scale of charges which must
+ensure their approval. Commercial Gentlemen also will find increased
+attention to their comforts.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+W. REED,
+
+
+               (From Hobson and Co.'s, Long Acre, London,)
+
+                              COACH BUILDER,
+                               BATH-STREET,
+
+                               Birmingham.
+
+Every description of Light Carriages, made on the most approved
+Principle, and in the most fashionable Style, constantly on Sale.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+LONDON COFFEE HOUSE,
+
+
+                            10, PHILIP-STREET,
+
+                       (Opposite the Market Hall,)
+
+                               Birmingham.
+
+DINNER commencing at One o'Clock, with a liberal Bill of Fare daily.
+
+            Private Rooms and Dinners on the shortest Notice.
+
+              London and Provincial Daily and Weekly Papers.
+
+                             WELL AIRED BEDS.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+DUDDESTON HALL
+LUNATIC ASYLUM,
+
+
+                             NEAR BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                                MR. LEWIS
+
+RESPECTFULLY informs the Public that he receives Patients, of either sex,
+labouring under mental or nervous diseases, into his Establishment, on
+terms which cannot fail to meet the approbation of persons desirous of
+placing their friends, who may be so circumstanced, in so comfortable and
+pleasing a retreat.
+
+The well known beauty and variety of the Gardens and Pleasure Grounds,
+and the entire adaptation of the House and Premises to the purposes of an
+Asylum, render an elaborate description unnecessary; suffice it to say,
+there is everything that can be desired of this nature.
+
+The Proprietor resides in and conducts the Establishment with properly
+qualified Assistants; the female department is under the superintendence
+of Mrs. and Miss LEWIS, who devote all their time to the health and
+comfort of the patients, and whose qualifications in this respect are
+well known in Birmingham and its neighbourhood.
+
+Dr. EVANS is the consulting Physician.  Mr. FREER and Mr. HEELEY,
+Surgeons, one of whom visits the Patients daily.
+
+The situation is extremely desirable, the Vauxhall Station of the Grand
+Junction Railway being at the Lodge Gates, and the Railway itself
+bounding the Premises.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+THE
+LONDON SILK WAREHOUSE,
+
+
+                         61, AND 62, BULL STREET,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM,
+
+                       PROPRIETOR, WILLIAM EDWARDS.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+TO LADIES VISITING BIRMINGHAM:--
+
+AT this House, (conducted upon the most equitable principles, and
+established for a long time with yearly increasing patronage,) the old
+system of trading is adopted; the price of each article being marked in
+plain figures, from which no deviation is ever allowed.
+
+Its claim upon the patronage of the Public, is the undeviating cheapness
+at which all articles, whether of British, Continental, or Eastern
+manufacture are offered to Purchasers.
+
+The Inhabitants of the neighbouring counties, who make their purchases in
+Birmingham, will at all times find a large and carefully chosen Stock of
+the most substantial, well-manufactured
+
+                           SILKS, SHAWLS, FURS,
+
+                    BLANKETS, FLANNELS, COUNTERPANES,
+
+                                 RIBBONS,
+
+                     GENUINE IRISH LINENS AND LAWNS.
+
+Where purchases are made by Gentlemen, or other Persons, for Friends in
+the country, which fail to give satisfaction, the money is invariably
+returned, excepting where an article is lessened in value, by being
+separated from the piece.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+HENRY GROVE,
+
+
+                     (IMPORTER OF WINES AND SPIRITS,)
+
+                         VICTORIA COMMERCIAL INN,
+
+                            NEW MARKET PLACE,
+
+                               BELMONT ROW,
+
+                               Birmingham.
+
+           (Within Two Minutes' Walk of both Railway Stations.)
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The airy situation of the above Inn, and its proximity to the Grand
+Junction and London and Birmingham Railway Companies' Offices, render it
+most eligible for Commercial Gentlemen and others, and will be found to
+possess the two important requisites of Comfort and Economy combined.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                             Well Aired Beds.
+
+                          _EXCELLENT STABLING_,
+
+N.B. OMNIBUSES to and from the principal Coach Offices, where places may
+be secured by fast and well regulated Coaches to any part of the Kingdom.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+CHARLES BROOKES,
+
+
+                        WOOLLEN DRAPER AND TAILOR,
+
+                             81, NEW-STREET,
+
+                  (Nearly opposite the Society of Arts,)
+
+                               Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                             H. MICHAEL & CO.
+
+                              MANUFACTURING
+
+                       FURRIERS AND SKIN MERCHANTS,
+
+                             115, NEW-STREET,
+
+                    Corner of King-street, Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+N.B. Furs of all descriptions Cleaned, Repaired, and Altered to the
+present Fashion.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+WAGNER & COTTRELL,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURERS OF
+
+                         PORTABLE WRITING DESKS,
+
+Ladies' Toilet and Gentlemen's Dressing Cases, Mahogany, Rosewood, or
+Russia Leather Travelling Cases, Medicine Chests, Copying Machines, and
+every article in the Cabinet Case Business.
+
+                          21, _PARADISE-STREET_,
+
+                               Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                         [Picture: Coat of Arms]
+
+                         By Special Appointment.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+T. J. MORRIS,
+
+
+                           REPOSITORY OF ARTS,
+
+                         COLMORE ROW, BIRMINGHAM,
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                    Superfine Water Colours in Cakes,
+
+                                   AND
+
+                            FINE HAIR PENCILS,
+
+           In Ordinary to Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen,
+                      Her Majesty the Queen Dowager,
+                                 and the
+                             Duke of Sussex.
+
+                 LONDON, and 28, Colmore Row, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Circulating Port Folios, consisting of the choicest Drawings, Flowers by
+Holland and Edwards, Pole and Hand Screens, Card Racks, Gold Papers and
+Borders, Screen Handles, White Wood-work for Painting, Ivory and British
+Boards, and Fancy Stationery.
+
+                   Papier Machee of every description.
+
+Materials for Chinese Japan Painting, Hollands and Harding's Colours,
+Brookman and Langdon's, and Banks' Lead Pencils, Drawing Materials,
+Varnishing in a Superior Style, Ivories for Miniatures, Prepared Canvass
+and Bladder Colours.
+
+              MORDAN'S EVER-POINTED PENCILS AND PEN HOLDERS.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+R. SIMS,
+
+
+            (TEN YEARS ASSISTANT TO MR. ENGLISH, COLMORE ROW,)
+
+                             SURGEON DENTIST,
+
+                                 NO. 13,
+
+                      _UNION PASSAGE_, _NEW-STREET_,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM,
+
+Returns his sincere acknowledgments to the Inhabitants of Birmingham and
+its vicinity, for the liberal support that has been conferred upon him
+since his commencing Practice, and trusts that his having had Ten Years'
+experience with Mr. English, during which he had nearly the whole of the
+Mechanical Department entrusted to his care, will still entitle him to
+that support and patronage which has hitherto been awarded to him.
+
+In consequence of some unskilful pretenders having put themselves forward
+to public notice as adepts in the above art, he thinks it necessary to
+state that he never ties in teeth, which is the most that these
+pretenders can ever accomplish; his superior Gold Plates never in any
+instance require the painful and most injurious operation of tying in;
+and he assures them they will wear more years than the spurious bone
+teeth, which they put forth to the public, will last months, at a less
+charge, and with greater comfort to the wearer.
+
+                                FEES.
+                         _s._   _d._                       _s._   _d._
+A Single Tooth       0     10      0  usually          1      1      0
+                                      charged
+A Complete Set      10      0      0  usually         20      0      0
+                                      charged
+
+Teeth stopped with Cement or Gold according to the cavity. Extracting,
+Scaling, and every other operation upon the Teeth; and particular
+attention paid to the regulation of Children's Teeth upon equally
+moderate charges.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+TO NOBLEMEN, GENTLEMEN, SPORTSMEN, AND
+GUN-MAKERS.
+
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                                S. WALKER,
+
+              Military Percussion Cap Maker to Her Majesty's
+                      Honourable Board of Ordnance,
+
+Begs most respectfully to inform her numerous Friends, and the Public
+generally, that she has dissolved Partnership with her Son, and that she
+will continue to carry on the Percussion Cap Business in all its
+Branches.
+
+S. WALKER'S Caps have been known and approved of by the Sporting World
+for more than sixteen Years, and she can with confidence assure them
+every exertion shall be made, this seventeenth Season, to render them
+still superior to any yet manufactured.
+
+Sold in Boxes of 250 and 500 each, by most of the respectable Gun-makers
+and Gunpowder Dealers throughout the Kingdom.
+
+                     CHEMICALLY PREPARED GUN WADDING,
+
+                 Manufactured upon an Improved Principle,
+
+                              BY S. WALKER.
+
+This Wadding will be found superior to any now in use, as it not only
+cleans the barrel, every time it is used, but, through the Chemical
+Properties of the oily Composition with which it is impregnated, the lead
+is removed as quickly as deposited.
+
+Sold in Bags, containing 500 each, price 5s., by all respectable Gun
+Makers in the United Kingdom; where also may be had S. Walker's Improved
+Anti-Corrosive Percussion Caps.
+
+                               MANUFACTORY,
+                    No. 12, Legge-street, Birmingham.
+
+Agents for Edinburgh--J. & R. Raines, Leith-Walk.
+
+Agents for Dublin--J. H. and J. Perry, 27, Pill-lane; and Messrs.
+Saunders and Gatchells, Gunpowder Office, 6 and 7, Mountrath-street,
+Dublin.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+ABRAHAM ALLPORT,
+
+
+                       WOOLLEN DRAPER, TAILOR, &c.
+
+                       2, COLMORE ROW, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Clothes of every description made in the first style of Fashion on the
+most reasonable Terms, and at the shortest Notice.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+WILLIAM JACKSON & CO.,
+
+
+                  GLASS, LEAD, ZINC, AND OIL MERCHANTS,
+
+                             MANUFACTURERS OF
+
+                      _COLOURS_, _VARNISHES_, _&c._
+
+         Sheet Lead, Pig Lead, Lead Pipe, Block Tin, White Lead,
+            Dry Colours, Oil Paints, Linseed Oil, Boiled Oil,
+                 Tin Pipe, Turpentine, Putty, Sheet Zinc,
+                             Glaziers' Vices,
+
+                         MANUFACTURED ZINC GOODS,
+
+     Beer Machines, Water Closets, Lift Pumps, Brass Cocks, and every
+                   Description of Plumbers' Brass Work.
+
+           WAREHOUSE, NO. 1, LITTLE CHARLES-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+               VARNISH, COLOUR, AND ZINC WORKS, AT ASHTED.
+
+N.B. Sole Agents for the Whiston Copper Company. (Messrs. Sneyd,
+Kinnersley & Co.)
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+HATS.
+
+
+                             75, HIGH-STREET.
+
+                                   GOOD
+
+                          FASHIONABLE GOSSAMERS
+                           At 4s. 9d. to 10s.;
+                       SUPERFINE SHORT-NAP STUFFS,
+                       Best that can be made, 21s.;
+
+                               TO BE HAD AT
+                                 WALKER'S
+                             CHEAP HAT DEPOT.
+
+Also a large assortment of Fashionable CAPS and GRASS HATS for Summer
+wear.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+JAMES GRUNDY,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                    GAS & OIL LAMPS, CHANDELIERS, &c.
+
+                           IN BRONZE & OR-MOLU.
+
+                    GAS FITTINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
+
+                       No. 11, BARTHOLOMEW-STREET,
+
+                              _BIRMINGHAM_.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+JOHN GODFREY,
+
+
+                    WORKING OPTICIAN, SILVERSMITH. &c.
+                        NO. 93, COLESHILL-STREET,
+
+Begs most respectfully to announce to the Nobility, Gentry, and
+Inhabitants of Birmingham and its Vicinity, that he has, in addition to
+his Wholesale Establishment, opened a Retail Shop as above, for the
+purpose of supplying those who may in any way suffer from a defect of
+sight, with spectacles suited to their various wants. Having been
+practically engaged in the above business for more than forty years, he
+trusts that his great experience will enable him to render all the
+assistance required, so far as glasses, judiciously applied, are capable
+of affording it.
+
+Spectacles with shades of every description, particularly recommended to
+persons travelling, or those who are affected with a weakness in the eye,
+as they completely defend that tender organ from the bright glare of the
+sun, and are extremely useful either in windy or snowy weather.
+
+Spectacles in tortoiseshell, silver, or blued steel mountings, set with
+either best Brazilian pebbles, or glasses accurately ground.
+
+                Optical Instruments of every Description.
+
+Spectacles of every description expeditiously and neatly repaired.
+Pebbles or Glasses set in a few minutes.
+
+                Every Article supplied on Moderate Terms.
+
+J. G. hopes that the quality of the various articles supplied by him,
+will, upon a fair trial, ensure him the patronage and support of those
+who may honour him with their commands.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+CAPTAIN HOSKINS,
+
+
+                               IMPORTER OF
+
+                        FOREIGN WINES AND SPIRITS,
+
+                           LOWER TEMPLE-STREET,
+
+                         (Corner of New-street,)
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                          IMPORTER OF LIQUEURS.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+TEETH.
+
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                              MR. E. JONES,
+
+                                 DENTIST,
+
+                       NO. 9, EASY ROW, BIRMINGHAM,
+
+       Six Years Assistant with Mr. ANDREW CLARK, of Brook-street,
+                           Bond-street, London,
+
+Begs to say he will continue to supply ARTIFICIAL TEETH upon the same
+principle as Mr. A. Clark, and the only one that will ensure ease,
+articulation, and mastication.
+
+E. G., having undertaken several cases that had been refused by other
+Dentists as impracticable, can give the most satisfactory References as
+to the beneficial results of his Practice.
+
+                            EVERY OPERATION IN
+
+                             DENTAL SURGERY,
+
+                  Performed on the most moderate Terms.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+PERMANENT ELASTIC SPRING HYGEIAN BEDS,
+CARRIAGE, GIG, SOFA, AND CHAIR SEATS,
+
+
+          Patronised by Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                             RICHARD FARMER,
+                              Manufacturer,
+
+With the greatest deference submits to the attention of his Friends and
+the Public the subjoined Documents, as flattering Testimonies of the high
+estimation in which the above very superior and much approved Articles
+are held:--
+
+_From_ SIR JOHN CONROY, _Secretary to_ HER ROYAL HIGHNESS
+
+                           THE DUCHESS OF KENT.
+
+    "Sir John Conroy is honoured with the DUCHESS OF KENT'S command to
+    acquaint Mr. Farmer, that he has permission to use Her Royal
+    Highness's Name and Arms, as Manufacturer of Permanent Elastic Spring
+    Hygeian Beds to Her Royal Highness.
+
+    "Malvern, Sept. 13, 1830."
+
+    "Sir John Conroy is to acknowledge the receipt of the Bed and
+    Mattress of Mr. R. Farmer's invention, which he has made for the
+    PRINCESS VICTORIA; and Sir John is commanded by the DUCHESS OF KENT
+    to express Her Royal Highness's highest approval of the principle of
+    his Mattresses, Cushions, &c.
+
+    "Kensington Palace, Dec. 17, 1830.
+
+    "_Mr. Richard Farmer_, _&c. &c._"
+
+_From_ CONGREVE SELWYN, Esq. _Surgeon of the Ledbury Dispensary_.
+
+    "Mr. CONGREVE SELWYN, Surgeon of the Ledbury Dispensary, begs to
+    offer his Testimony of the value of Mr. Farmer's invention of his
+    Elastic Mattresses and Cushions. The one he has sent to Mr. Selwyn
+    answers all the purposes for an Invalid, and is particularly
+    serviceable where the patient suffers from hectic fever and night
+    perspirations.
+
+    "Ledbury, May 2, 1834.
+
+    "_Mr. Richard Farmer_, _&c. &c._"
+
+                    _From_ SIR WILLIAM B. CAVE, Bart.
+
+                                     "Stretton, Atherstone, July 22, 1835.
+
+    "Sir WM. B. CAVE has much satisfaction in informing Mr. Richard
+    Farmer, that the Elastic Steel Spring Bed which he purchased from Mr.
+    F. has fully answered every expectation he had formed of it. Sir. W.
+    C. lay upon it for five months without ever being able to be moved in
+    the least from it, and for the last six months has not been removed
+    from it for more than two hours at a time, and it is now as perfect
+    in the elasticity and strength of the springs as when he received it
+    from Mr. Farmer. Sir W. Cave's weight is sixteen stone and upwards.
+    Dr. Palmer, of Birmingham, who has been in the habit of attending Sir
+    W. Cave for many years, gave it as his opinion, that had he been
+    lying on a bed of any other description, the consequences would have
+    been very serious.
+
+    "_Mr. Richard Farmer_, _&c. &c._"
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+Carpets, Paper Hangings, Oil-Cloths, Druggets, Crumb Cloths,
+Double-stoved Feathers, &c. &c.--Upholstery and General Cabinet Business.
+
+>> 11, NEW-STREET, (opposite the Hen & Chickens Hotel,) and 30, BATH ROW,
+BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+GEORGE RICHMOND COLLIS,
+
+
+                _Late Sir EDWARD THOMASON'S Manufactory_,
+
+                        CHURCH-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+Manufacturer of Articles in the highest classes of the Arts, in Gold,
+Silver, Plated, Bronze, and Or-Molu. In this Establishment is
+manufactured Gold and Silver Plate, including Racing Cups, Dinner and Tea
+Services, of various Patterns: COMMUNION PLATE and PRESENTATION PLATE,
+made to descriptions given, or if required, a variety of elegant Designs
+furnished for approval: Silver-mounted Plated Wares of every
+denomination; Plated Cutlery upon Steel: Cut Glass, Or-Molu, Candelabra
+and Lamps: Manufacturer of Medals in great variety adapted for Societies
+and Institutions. Amongst the numerous series of Dies are the celebrated
+Dassier Dies of the Kings of England: The Mudie Dies for the series of
+grand National Medals, commemorative of the Victories of the late War:
+Forty-eight Dies for Medals of the ELGIN Marbles. Also SIR EDWARD
+THOMASON'S Splendid Series of One Hundred and Twenty large Medal Dies
+Illustrative of the HOLY SCRIPTURES, and a series of sixteen Medals upon
+Science and Philosophy, for Societies: Livery Button Dies cut, and the
+Buttons made. Numerous Patent Mechanical Inventions in the Metals, and
+Papier Machee: Brass and Bronze Staircases: manufacturer of fine Gold
+Jewellery of the most splendid descriptions: Dealer in Diamonds, Pearls,
+and fine Gems: Diamond Suits made to order, and altered to the present
+Style, or if required, purchased, and payment, full value, in cash:
+English and Foreign Money exchanged; Old Gold and Silver Articles
+reworked as new, or purchased. Manufacturer of Sportsmen's fine Fowling
+Pieces upon an improved principle. Duelling Pistols, Rifles, Air Guns and
+Canes, and Guns of every variety for Exportation.
+
+These extensive Show Rooms and MANUFACTORY, are situate in CHURCH-STREET,
+in the centre of the Town, adjoining St. Philip's Church Yard. The Ware
+Rooms contain the Finished Articles for sale, and are open to all persons
+of respectability.
+
+The FAC-SIMILE of the celebrated WARWICK VASE, of upwards of 21 feet in
+circumference, was made in metallic Bronze at this Manufactory. The
+Copper Bronze STATUE OF HIS LATE MAJESTY, GEORGE THE FOURTH, upwards of 6
+feet in height, was modelled, cast, and sculptured at this Establishment:
+as also a SHIELD in honour of the DUKE OF WELLINGTON'S VICTORIES. These
+and numerous other Works are stationed in separate Rooms to exhibit the
+progress of British Art.
+
+Servants are appointed to conduct Visiters over the different Workshops,
+to whom and to the Work-people the Visiter is requested to abstain from
+giving any gratuity.
+
+N.B. Mr. George Richmond Collis is Vice Consul for France, Russia, Spain,
+Portugal, and Turkey, with the privilege of granting Passports to Persons
+visiting France and its Dominions.
+
+Strangers of Respectability are permitted to view the Show Rooms and
+Manufactory.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+THOMAS & JAMES UPFILL,
+
+
+                        IRON AND STEEL MERCHANTS,
+
+                        157, GREAT CHARLES-STREET,
+
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                             MANUFACTURERS OF
+
+                          WROUGHT AND CAST IRON
+
+                           GATES, PARK FENCING,
+
+                                _HURDLES_,
+
+                    INVISIBLE WIRE FENCE, HAIR FENCE,
+
+                         RACKS, MANGERS, CHAINS,
+
+                       NAILS, BOOK CASES, TIN, IRON
+                                ARMS, &c.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+THORNTON AND SON,
+WHOLESALE IRONMONGERS,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURERS OF
+
+                     WROUGHT IRON AND PRESSED RIVETED
+                                 HINGES,
+
+                                CUT NAILS,
+
+Wood, Bed, and Machinery Screws, of every description; Iron Rim and
+Mortice Locks, Sash Pulleys, Iron Bolts, Cast Butt Hinges, Norfolk and
+Thumb Latches, &c. &c.
+
+                     _BRADFORD-STREET_, _BIRMINGHAM_.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+>> Redman's Patent Rising Joint and Swing Hinges, Trough and Centre
+Hinges of every kind.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+F. KNIBB'S
+
+
+                                COMMERCIAL
+
+                         BOARDING ESTABLISHMENT,
+
+                             15, BOLD-STREET,
+
+                (Two Doors above the Palatine Club House,)
+
+                                LIVERPOOL.
+
+The situation is central, and without exception the pleasantest of any
+establishment of the kind in Liverpool. The rooms are large and airy, and
+no attention will be spared to render this establishment deserving the
+patronage of Commercial Gentlemen and Families.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+W. FLETCHER,
+
+
+                             MANUFACTURER OF
+
+                         _LAMPS_, _CANDLESTICKS_,
+
+                        LUSTRES, INKSTANDS, VASES,
+
+            And all kinds of Ornaments in Bronze and Or-molu,
+
+                                   31,
+
+                       LOVEDAY-STREET, BIRMINGHAM.
+
+Manufacturer of Japanned Wood and Papier Mache Cruet, Liquor, and Pickle
+Frames; Papier Mache and Metallic Miniature Frames, &c.
+
+AGENT IN LONDON--C. JEPSON, 29, Thavies Inn, Lower Holborn.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+NOW READY, PART I.
+
+
+     (_To be completed in two Parts_, _demy_ 12_mo._, _price_ 17_s._)
+
+                                   THE
+                             LAW AND PRACTICE
+                               RELATING TO
+                          LANDLORDS AND TENANTS:
+                                COMPRISING
+
+The most approved modern Precedents, alphabetically arranged under
+distinct and separate heads, with Notes, Illustrations, and Cases; to
+which is prefixed a concise Treatise on the nature of Estates in general,
+in accordance with the recent statutes relating to real property. The
+whole adapted for the use of attorneys and solicitors; also landlords,
+tenants, farmers, stewards, agents, and others concerned in the
+management, sale, or letting of estates. BY R. SHIPMAN, Esq., Editor of
+"Jones's Attorney's Pocket Book," and Author of the "Attorney's New
+Pocket Book, Notary's Manual, and Conveyancer's Assistant."
+
+London: S. SWEET, 3, Chancery Lane; and J. DRAKE, 52, New-street,
+Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                    Also Ready, royal 12mo, price 7s.
+
+                             A STEPPING STONE
+                                  TO THE
+                          LAW OF REAL PROPERTY:
+                                 BEING AN
+               Elementary Treatise on the Statute of Uses.
+
+                            By HENRY SMYTHIES.
+
+London: S. SWEET, 3, Chancery Lane; and J. DRAKE, 52, New-street,
+Birmingham.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                 SHORTLY WILL BE PUBLISHED, BY J. DRAKE,
+
+      _And sold by the Agents for this Work_, _and all Booksellers_,
+ Dedicated by Permission to the Chairman and Directors of the London and
+                           Birmingham Railway,
+
+                            DRAKE'S ROAD BOOK,
+
+                                  OF THE
+
+                      LONDON AND BIRMINGHAM RAILWAY,
+
+With _Views on the Line_, from Drawings by HENRY HARRIS; and a new and
+beautifully engraved coloured MAP of the entire Route, extending many
+miles on each side of the line.
+
+*** To be completed in about five Parts, at 1_s._ per Part; a few copies
+on India Paper at 1_s._ 6_d._ per Part.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                             JUST PUBLISHED,
+
+                                 DRAKE'S
+                              RAILROAD MAPS
+                       OF THE ENTIRE LINE OF ROUTE
+                                   FROM
+                         LONDON TO LIVERPOOL AND
+                               MANCHESTER,
+
+                    BEAUTIFULLY ENGRAVED AND COLOURED,
+
+            AND EXTENDING MANY MILES ON EACH SIDE OF THE LINE:
+
+Ornamented with views of the Euston Grove Station, in London, and a
+complete Train of Carriages. With the Rules, Regulations, Fares, Times of
+Outset and Arrival of the Trains at the various Stations; together with
+all requisite Information for Travellers.
+
+         _Price_, _on Canvass_, _in a Case for the Pocket_, 2_s._
+
+*** The Maps of the London and Birmingham and Grand Junction Railways
+sold separately, done up in a similar manner, at 1_s._ 6_d._ each. On a
+sheet, Coloured, 9_d._--Plain, 6_d._ each.
+
+    "MR. DRAKE, of New-street, has just published in a neat pocket case,
+    two well-engraved and coloured Maps of the London and Birmingham and
+    Grand Junction Railways.  Each Map describes not only the course of
+    the line and a section of its gradients, but the geographical
+    position of various places for many miles on either side.  There are
+    also annexed complete tables of fares and distances, the rules to be
+    observed by travellers, the modes of conveyance to and from the
+    hotels and inns to the stations on the line, with the regulations for
+    luggage, merchandise, &c.  These maps and accompanying tables
+    comprise much information in a small compass, which the railway
+    traveller will have frequent opportunities, on his journey, of making
+    a practical use of, and turning to good account."--_Midland Counties'
+    Herald_.
+
+    "MR. DRAKE has just published Maps of the Grand Junction and of the
+    London and Birmingham Railways, together with tables of distances,
+    fares, and regulations. The Maps are done up in a case for the
+    pocket, and will be found very portable as well as
+    instructive."--_Birmingham Journal_.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+
+
+PRINTING OFFICE,
+
+
+                      LAW STATIONERY, ACCOUNT BOOK,
+                           AND PAPER WAREHOUSE,
+
+                                   52,
+                   NEW-STREET, (OPPOSITE THE THEATRE,)
+                               BIRMINGHAM.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+                               JAMES DRAKE,
+               _LAW BOOKSELLER_, _STATIONER_, _AND BINDER_,
+
+Takes this opportunity of presenting his grateful acknowledgments to the
+Profession for their liberal support of his Establishment, and at the
+same time he begs to assure them, that every article sold by him will be
+found of superior quality and at reasonable prices, and will, he hopes,
+induce a continuance of their esteemed favours.
+
+J. D. takes this opportunity of calling the attention of the Profession
+to his LAW STATIONERY BUSINESS, established more than twenty years, and
+which is conducted by himself and competent assistants.
+
+
+DEEDS AND WRITINGS
+
+
+                Neatly and carefully Engrossed and Copied.
+
+              DRAFTS DRAWN, AND TITLES CAREFULLY ABSTRACTED,
+
+                        (FOR THE PROFESSION ONLY).
+
+        Books Plainly and Elegantly Bound by Experienced Workmen.
+                                LAW BOOKS,
+
+   All the New Works kept in stock, or ordered on the shortest Notice,
+               on the same terms of DISCOUNT as in London.
+
+                          LAW REPORTS SUPPLIED.
+
+                        BANKRUPTCY & OTHER FORMS,
+                             WRITS, NOTICES,
+
+       FORMS under the new Act for the abolishing Imprisonment for
+         Debt; also for Justices of the Peace, Highway Act Forms,
+                   Election Forms, &c., kept in Stock.
+
+         *** _Orders from the Country executed with promptness_.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+           BIRMINGHAM: Printed by James Drake, 52, New-street.
+
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DRAKE'S ROAD BOOK OF THE GRAND
+JUNCTION RAILWAY***
+
+
+******* This file should be named 43367.txt or 43367.zip *******
+
+
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/3/3/6/43367
+
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at
+  www.gutenberg.org/license.
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at 809
+North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887.  Email
+contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the
+Foundation's web site and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit:  www.gutenberg.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For forty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/43367.zip b/43367.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ba4183
--- /dev/null
+++ b/43367.zip
diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6312041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c048973
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #43367 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/43367)
author	Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org>	2025-10-14 18:35:18 -0700
committer	Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org>	2025-10-14 18:35:18 -0700
commit	41a9b5cacf02505959efb9fe4a95f75d1c2d97cc (patch)
tree	7edca34c8587b9cd5020835544430d339f731a89