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diff --git a/43366-h/43366-h.htm b/43366-h/43366-h.htm index 4bba235..b51e2c4 100644 --- a/43366-h/43366-h.htm +++ b/43366-h/43366-h.htm @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of Through the Heart of Patagonia, by H. Hesketh Prichard. @@ -226,47 +226,7 @@ td {padding-left: 1em; </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -Project Gutenberg's Through the Heart of Patagonia, by H. Hesketh Prichard - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Through the Heart of Patagonia - -Author: H. Hesketh Prichard - -Illustrator: John Guille Millais - -Release Date: July 31, 2013 [EBook #43366] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THROUGH THE HEART OF PATAGONIA *** - - - - -Produced by Melissa McDaniel and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43366 ***</div> <div class="tnbox"> <p class="center"><b>Transcriber's Note:</b></p> @@ -879,7 +839,7 @@ of Mr. E. M. Sprot)</i></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#i_174">126</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td colspan="2"><i>Señor Hans P. Waag, of the Argentine Boundary Commission</i></td> +<td colspan="2"><i>Señor Hans P. Waag, of the Argentine Boundary Commission</i></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#i_176">128</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -895,7 +855,7 @@ of Mr. E. M. Sprot)</i></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#i_189">139</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td colspan="2"><i>Lake Buenos Aires from the Cañadon of the River de los Antiguos</i></td> +<td colspan="2"><i>Lake Buenos Aires from the Cañadon of the River de los Antiguos</i></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#i_195">145</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -964,7 +924,7 @@ of Mr. E. M. Sprot)</i></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#i_275">197</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td colspan="2"><i>Bernardo Hähansen</i></td> +<td colspan="2"><i>Bernardo Hähansen</i></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#i_287">207</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -1022,7 +982,7 @@ view</i></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#i_373">275</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td colspan="2"><i>Cañadon of the River Katarina</i></td> +<td colspan="2"><i>Cañadon of the River Katarina</i></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#i_381">281</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -1147,7 +1107,7 @@ interest.</p> <p>It is my hope to be able to return to Patagonia and to go further into the many interesting subjects to which my attention was drawn. In any book that may result from this second journey, -I look forward to including lists of various zoological, palæontological, +I look forward to including lists of various zoological, palæontological, and botanical collections, all the materials for which have not at the moment of writing arrived in England.</p> @@ -1186,10 +1146,10 @@ overlooked the proofs of this book to correct the spelling of the Camp-Spanish. And I would add the name of Mr. Frank A. Juckes, who saw to the outfitting of a medicine-chest.</p> -<p>I would not omit grateful mention of Señor Garcia Merou, +<p>I would not omit grateful mention of Señor Garcia Merou, the late Minister of Agriculture of the Argentine Republic, of the -late Señor Rivadavia, the then Minister of Marine, to Señor -Josué Moreno, to Messrs. Krabbé and Higgins; also to Mr. +late Señor Rivadavia, the then Minister of Marine, to Señor +Josué Moreno, to Messrs. Krabbé and Higgins; also to Mr. Ernest Cattle, Mr. Theobald, of Trelew, and to the many kind friends who live in the Argentine Republic.</p> @@ -1222,7 +1182,7 @@ of interior—Route of expedition. <p>Patagonia forms the southern point or end of the South American continent and extends, roughly speaking, -from about parallel 40° to the Straits of +from about parallel 40° to the Straits of Magellan. Up to very recent times the geography of this southern portion of the New World has been in a nebulous condition. @@ -1532,7 +1492,7 @@ energy of Dr. Francisco P. Moreno, whose first excursion to Patagonia was made in 1873. In the following year he carried his investigations as far south as the River Santa Cruz. In 1875 he crossed from Buenos Aires to Lake Nahuel-Huapi and the Andean -Cordillera, between parallels 39° 30´ and 42°. In 1876 he visited +Cordillera, between parallels 39° 30´ and 42°. In 1876 he visited Chubut, and ascended the river Santa Cruz to its parent lake, which he proved was not that discovered by Viedma in 1782, but another lying farther south. To him is due the earliest suggestion of the @@ -1540,7 +1500,7 @@ great system of lakes which are situated in the longitudinal depression that runs parallel with the Cordillera.</p> <p>Again, in 1879, Dr. Moreno crossed the country to the Cordillera -on parallel 44°. Up to that time surveying in those regions +on parallel 44°. Up to that time surveying in those regions was by no means exempt from danger, on account of the hostile attitude of the tribes. The amount of valuable work done by Dr. Moreno did not end with his personal expeditions. Each summer @@ -1558,7 +1518,7 @@ work of this traveller.</p> <p>Others, who as pioneers, travellers, scientific men, or surveyors, have taken a part in the good work of making the interior of -Patagonia known to the world are Baron Nordenskjöld, Mr. +Patagonia known to the world are Baron Nordenskjöld, Mr. Hatcher, and the members of the Chilian and Argentine Boundary Commissions. I think that in any such list as the above mention <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">11</a></span> @@ -1592,7 +1552,7 @@ coasts some settlements, as I have mentioned, and also the Welsh colonies of Trelew, Dawson, Gaimon, besides these a very small and recent one exists at Colohaupi, near Lake Musters, and another, The 16th October, far away in the Cordillera. This -last is the single settlement of any size south of parallel 40° in the +last is the single settlement of any size south of parallel 40° in the central interior.</p> <p>A fringe of farms runs along the coast, and at the mouths of @@ -1657,8 +1617,8 @@ usual sort of folk who form the bulk of dwellers on the edge of civilisation.</p> <p>In Patagonia it is not difficult to leave civilisation behind -you, for between lat. 43° -and 50° S. the interior, +you, for between lat. 43° +and 50° S. the interior, save for a very few pioneers and small tribes of wandering Tehuelche Indians, @@ -1688,7 +1648,7 @@ man has never yet fallen.</p> <p>Our travels took us over a great part of the country. Starting in September 1900, we zigzagged from Trelew by Bahia -Camerones, to Lakes Colhué and Musters and along the River +Camerones, to Lakes Colhué and Musters and along the River Senguerr to Lake Buenos Aires. After spending a time in the neighbourhood of that lake, we followed the Indian trail for some distance, then touching the Southern Chico we reached Santa @@ -1725,8 +1685,8 @@ youths and Argentine maidens—Language difficulty will arrange itself&mdash plague of "lords"—Lord Reed—Trouble of following a lord—Itinerary—Travelling in Patagonia—Few men, many horses—Pack-horses—Start for Bahia Camerones—Foxes, ostriches, cavy—On the pampas—Guanaco—First -guanaco—<i>Maté</i>—Dogs—Farms—Indians—Landscape—Mirages—Vast empty -land—<i>Cañadones</i>—<i>Estancia</i> Lochiel—Seeking for puma—Killing guanacos—Many +guanaco—<i>Maté</i>—Dogs—Farms—Indians—Landscape—Mirages—Vast empty +land—<i>Cañadones</i>—<i>Estancia</i> Lochiel—Seeking for puma—Killing guanacos—Many pumas killed during winter months—Gauchos. </p> @@ -1782,7 +1742,7 @@ possessions and resented intrusion with volley-firing of oaths. There was one laager in which I found myself taking a particular interest; it was made up of two men, a woman, and her brood of children. Their only belongings appeared to consist of four -ponchos, a <i>maté</i> pot and kettle, and a huge basket of cauliflowers. +ponchos, a <i>maté</i> pot and kettle, and a huge basket of cauliflowers. They crept in and entrenched themselves between the cauliflowers and the port bulwark in the waist of the ship. From there they did not move, but sat swaying their bodies during the entire @@ -1792,7 +1752,7 @@ creaking over the brown waters, the dark scene, lit by stray blurs of light, called up a memory of Leighton's picture, "The Sea shall give up its Dead."</p> -<p>Among the passengers was the Governor of Santa Cruz, Señor +<p>Among the passengers was the Governor of Santa Cruz, Señor Don Matias McKinlay Tapiola, who speaks English very well. There were also one or two gentlemen interested in sheep-farming <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">17</a></span> @@ -2001,7 +1961,7 @@ in detail, but the root of the matter appears to have lain in the fact that they objected to the laws relating to the teaching of English in the schools; and, having the courage of their convictions, they came several thousand miles across the sea to escape -the <i>régime</i> they disliked. At present, however, they seem to have +the <i>régime</i> they disliked. At present, however, they seem to have slipped from the frying-pan into the fire, for they like still less the Argentine code, by which every man born in the Republic is subject to conscription and Sunday drilling.</p> @@ -2169,7 +2129,7 @@ end, I was glad to sell horses to supply the needs of our party.</p> six hundred miles in length, and this distance might be subdivided into three stages: the first, from Trelew to Bahia Camerones, where the expedition became complete; the second, from Bahia -Camerones to the Lakes Musters and Colhué; and the third, +Camerones to the Lakes Musters and Colhué; and the third, to Lake Buenos Aires itself. My instructions gave me an entirely free hand, within reasonable limits, as to the number of men I might take with me.</p> @@ -2266,7 +2226,7 @@ many months to come.</p> <p>One evening, when I was riding ahead with the troop of horses, I saw my first guanaco. Coming round a bend of the winding -<i>cañadon</i>, I looked up and perceived him. The sight was highly +<i>cañadon</i>, I looked up and perceived him. The sight was highly picturesque. It was an old buck standing alone on the top of a cliff some two hundred feet high and looking down at me. He was posed against a background of pale green glinting sunset. I @@ -2297,9 +2257,9 @@ caravan moves off on its leagues-long march.</p> <p>Marches vary from fifteen miles to forty, and when the afternoon sun waxes less strong the horses are off-saddled and turned -loose, the waggons unpacked and the camp-fires lighted. <i>Maté</i> +loose, the waggons unpacked and the camp-fires lighted. <i>Maté</i> eternally, a roast, tea afterwards and a pipe, and then the sleeping-bags. -<i>Maté</i> or <i>yerba</i>, I must explain, is the great drink of the +<i>Maté</i> or <i>yerba</i>, I must explain, is the great drink of the pampas, and is most invigorating. A cup or tin is half filled with the yellow powdery leaves, to which is added a little cold water, followed by hot. It is drunk through a <i>bombilla</i> or tube, the maker @@ -2370,7 +2330,7 @@ eagle poised far off, a dot in the upper air. Nothing more.</p> without a horse, he would be the most helpless of things created. It was across this gigantic primordialism that our way led us. Three times we made our camp upon the bare pampas, three times in one -or other of the many <i>cañadones</i> before reaching Bahia Camerones. +or other of the many <i>cañadones</i> before reaching Bahia Camerones. You may be voyaging at an easy jog over the pampa, seeing the land roll apparently quite level to the horizon, when suddenly you come upon a spatter of white sand, a track leading between the @@ -2382,7 +2342,7 @@ To be lost in such a land is the simplest possible matter.</p> <p>On the 27th we arrived at the Estancia Lochiel, where Mr. Greenshields most kindly entertained us. This <i>estancia</i> is situated -at the head of a <i>cañadon</i>, which drops away to the sea eight +at the head of a <i>cañadon</i>, which drops away to the sea eight leagues distant. It consists of a small colony of wooden houses with corrugated iron roofs. The Lochiel Sheep Farming Company, of which Mr. Greenshields is manager, have 15,000 sheep and @@ -2461,14 +2421,14 @@ employ in our crowded country. There nature gives grass, water, and the horse; man tames the animal as little as possible from his wild state, and forces an alliance with nature. At night the mares are hobbled and the horses turned loose; while the Gauchos light -their camp-fire and drink <i>maté</i> through the <i>bombilla</i>.</p> +their camp-fire and drink <i>maté</i> through the <i>bombilla</i>.</p> <p>At the first light next morning they take it in turn to bring in the troop, which they do with an astonishing swiftness. Sometimes, of course, the horses "clear," and then it is that the Gauchos in charge find them by tracking.</p> -<p>In a country intersected by deep <i>cañadones</i>, which offer a secure +<p>In a country intersected by deep <i>cañadones</i>, which offer a secure hiding-place in their many hollows, this is a difficult matter. The tracks perhaps run easily through a belt of soft marsh, and then are invisible upon a pampa of shingle and thorn.</p> @@ -2497,7 +2457,7 @@ who has been bred to the craft. of horses—Breaking-in of horses—German <i>peones</i>—Horses stray—Gaucho trick—Watching troop at night—Four languages—Signalling by smokes—Searching for horses—Favourite words and phrases—Nag of the -baleful eye—<i>Cañadon</i> of the dry river—Bad ground—Flies—Ostrich eggs—Shooting +baleful eye—<i>Cañadon</i> of the dry river—Bad ground—Flies—Ostrich eggs—Shooting guanaco—River Chico of Chubut—Puma's visit at night—Condor—Lady killed—Singing in camp—Stormy night—Breakdown of waggon—Guanaco on stony ground—Long chase—Guanaco's death. @@ -2590,7 +2550,7 @@ stripe down back.</li> <li><i>Overo</i>, piebald or skewbald.</li> -<li><i>Pangaré</i>, brown or bay with +<li><i>Pangaré</i>, brown or bay with fawn muzzle.</li> <li><i>Picaso</i>, black with white @@ -2700,14 +2660,14 @@ watched all night, morning found us with but thirty-seven out of the whole number. Soon after daylight Burbury, with some of the men, rode out to recover them. They returned unsuccessful. During the morning a wandering Gaucho came into camp and -said he had seen some horses in a <i>cañadon</i> near by. The Welshmen +said he had seen some horses in a <i>cañadon</i> near by. The Welshmen rode out there but came back disappointed, as the horses were not ours. At eleven o'clock next morning I sent three of the men back to Mr. Haddock's, from whose <i>estancia</i> the lost troop had been acquired, the probabilities being that they had headed back for home. But shortly after Burbury and the Germans returned with the horses, which had travelled about nine miles, and were -discovered calmly feeding in a <i>cañadon</i>. It was Burbury who discovered +discovered calmly feeding in a <i>cañadon</i>. It was Burbury who discovered them by a smart piece of Gaucho work.</p> <p>Next night, October 6, we watched the horses in turns. It @@ -2720,12 +2680,12 @@ gloom and stampede them. He will follow a small mob and drive them into some fold of the hills, such as, no doubt, he knows a dozen of, and hide them there until, after several days, a reward is offered by the owner. The Gaucho will then ride casually into -the camp, drink a <i>maté</i>, hear the story, and remark that he is well +the camp, drink a <i>maté</i>, hear the story, and remark that he is well acquainted with the country round. If asked whether he can give any opinion as to the whereabouts of the lost horses, he says, -"<i>Quien sabe?</i>" but suggests they may be in a "<i>cañadon muy +"<i>Quien sabe?</i>" but suggests they may be in a "<i>cañadon muy limpio</i>," to which horses often stray. In reply to any question -as to where the <i>cañadon</i> may lie, he replies, "Over there," and +as to where the <i>cañadon</i> may lie, he replies, "Over there," and waves his hand half round the compass. He may add that he is looking for seven mares of his own that strayed away last Friday week or he would himself undertake the office of guide. If any @@ -2779,7 +2739,7 @@ river valley, the tall cliffs of which would serve as a barrier to prevent the <i>tropilla</i> straying. Never was such an awful place as these pampas in which to lose anything, or, worse still, to get lost yourself. You ride a hundred yards or so and you are in some deep-mouthed -<i>cañadon</i>, lying flush with the pampa, and out of sight of your companions +<i>cañadon</i>, lying flush with the pampa, and out of sight of your companions in an instant.</p> <p>On the expedition we spoke four languages—Spanish, English, @@ -2806,20 +2766,20 @@ gone, the Tordillo, the Zaino, and the Blanco, and this although one was <i>maneado</i> and the other two tied together. This is a great hindrance. We got the waggon ready on the interminable pampa and decided to strike down at once for the Rio Chico by way of a -large <i>cañadon</i> four and a half leagues long. This will add some days +large <i>cañadon</i> four and a half leagues long. This will add some days to our journey to Colohuapi. But if we continue losing and searching for horses, shall we ever get there? One day we cover twenty-one miles, the next nothing, because of strayed horses. Nor can you <i>soga</i> them up, for the grass is poor and they must have a large range. Here we are in this huge country looking for horses upon -and about a pampa intersected by many <i>cañadones</i>, each of which +and about a pampa intersected by many <i>cañadones</i>, each of which would take an entire week to explore thoroughly. At breakfast I decided to march, sending Jones, who is a good tracker, off to see if he could find the horses where he found them yesterday.</p> <p>"We have a big buck-jumper, a piebald, which is a strong horse suited to the waggon. It took an hour and a half to get him -harnessed, and we started on the back track, for the <i>cañadon</i> +harnessed, and we started on the back track, for the <i>cañadon</i> we must strike lies a league behind us. Barckhausen was to ride an untamed black horse with the strangest light blue glimmering eyes, which for some reason makes me repeat over and @@ -2857,18 +2817,18 @@ the lasso. We tied his legs in slip-knots and pulled him over, and when quieter saddled him. He bucked around with the saddle. At length Barckhausen got up and rode him the whole afternoon. It was a terrible job driving the horses, and that even though we -were in the <i>cañadon</i>.</p> +were in the <i>cañadon</i>.</p> <p>"On each side of us were bare, bald grass hills, rolling in hummocks and their sides sprinkled with thorn-scrub. In the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">42</a></span> centre, winding in sharp bends, a dry river bed. Towards -evening, after travelling all the afternoon down the <i>cañadon</i> +evening, after travelling all the afternoon down the <i>cañadon</i> since one o'clock, I rode on and found the bed of the river held water in four places. Near the third of these we camped. Saw an ostrich and a few sentinel guanaco. Caught an armadillo. -The scenery here consists of alternations of pampa and <i>cañadon</i>, -<i>cañadon</i> and pampa, and over all the tearing wind, which seldom +The scenery here consists of alternations of pampa and <i>cañadon</i>, +<i>cañadon</i> and pampa, and over all the tearing wind, which seldom drops.</p> <p>"I have given out two tins of jam and one of Swiss milk, one of @@ -2887,7 +2847,7 @@ strayed horses about a league from the old camp.</p> <p>"We started and made our way down the empty river-bed, which now broadened and was pebbly, like a Scotch trout-stream. Before we left Mal Espina <i>estancia</i> the foreman told us the road -down the <i>cañadon</i> was very clear—'<i>muy limpio</i>,' and only four +down the <i>cañadon</i> was very clear—'<i>muy limpio</i>,' and only four and a half leagues in length, but we have been in it two days and are in it still. About 5, as I was riding ahead with the troop of horses, I came upon the track of wheels in deep scrub. I went @@ -2908,11 +2868,11 @@ one was fine but the sixteen were chickenny.</p> with some toil from the marsh, and before dinner loaded it up again.</p> -<p>"By evening we reached the <i>cañadon</i> of the Rio Chico and +<p>"By evening we reached the <i>cañadon</i> of the Rio Chico and camped upon the banks.</p> <p>"<i>October 12.</i>—With an effort got away by nine o'clock. I rode -on down the <i>cañadon</i>, as we had no meat and some was wanted. +on down the <i>cañadon</i>, as we had no meat and some was wanted. We appear to be now entering a good game country. Saw five ostriches. I rode the big Tostado. He loped lazily across stony ridges, which crawl to the foot of the purple hills that are on the @@ -3244,7 +3204,7 @@ the two side-packs, which are hung along upon hooks attached to the wooden frame of the saddle. The whole cargo is best kept in place by means of a couple of <i>cinches</i> or girths. This form of pack is, however, but little used in the Argentine Republic. With -such pack-saddles Hähansen and I, at a later date, travelled one +such pack-saddles Hähansen and I, at a later date, travelled one hundred and fifty miles, during which it was not necessary to stop more than once or twice to readjust the cargoes.</p> @@ -3486,14 +3446,14 @@ That night we celebrated our first <i>carguero</i> journey by serving out cocoa for all hands.</p> <p>The night we struck the River Chico was a very cold one, the -temperature falling 12° below freezing-point. These figures, +temperature falling 12° below freezing-point. These figures, however, give no idea of the cold, as one of the characteristics of Patagonia is the prevalence of tremendous winds. And when these blow from the direction of the Cordillera, they bring with them chilly memories of the snows over which they have passed. Wind, of course, increased the rigours of the cold, and I remember that during the night on which we felt the cold most severely the -temperature did not fall below 35°.</p> +temperature did not fall below 35°.</p> <p>The next morning we got off about 10.30, having less trouble with the <i>cargueros</i>. I went on in front to choose our way, which @@ -3569,7 +3529,7 @@ with dark markings on his face. He was about fifty yards away, and when I fired he reared and fell backwards. I threw out the cartridge, and at the same instant seven guanacos, startled by the report, dashed across the valley and galloped along parallel to -me on the other side of the <i>cañadon</i> at about one hundred yards +me on the other side of the <i>cañadon</i> at about one hundred yards distance. I fired at the second one because it looked fat, and brought it to the ground. The guanacos now turned in great affright and raced past me again, when I dropped two more. @@ -3607,7 +3567,7 @@ versicolor</i>).</p> <p>On October 22, as we had expected, we arrived at Colohuapi, the farthest settlement in the heart of Patagonia. Near by lie -twin lakes Colhué and Musters. About one o'clock, coming over a +twin lakes Colhué and Musters. About one o'clock, coming over a rise, we saw the Lake. As the sun was shining it was very blue, and upon the far side rose the hills. The mournful whistle of waterfowl in countless flocks was to be heard. A breeze from the @@ -3716,7 +3676,7 @@ trekked out here some six or eight months previously.</p> <p>One of the three huts, which was untenanted, Mr. Jones put at our disposal, and after taking off the cargoes, Burbury and Scrivenor accompanied me across to William Jones' home. Mrs. -Jones received us with hospitality and treated us to <i>maté</i> with milk, +Jones received us with hospitality and treated us to <i>maté</i> with milk, tea and scones, and we got a sight of ourselves in the looking-glass. The wind of the pampas had removed all the skin from our faces, and we were a good deal unlike the individuals who had @@ -3817,7 +3777,7 @@ burns caused by the iron had quite healed.</p> <span class="s08">THE RIVER VALLEYS</span></h2> <p class="ch_summ">Arbitrary distribution of animals in Patagonia—Trouble with Gauchos—Indian -guide—Germans turned back—<i>Cañadon</i> of River Senguerr—Bad +guide—Germans turned back—<i>Cañadon</i> of River Senguerr—Bad weather—Old Zaino again causes damage—Loss of clothes, ammunition, &c., in the river—Shooting upland geese—River Mayo—Hailstorm—A day's sport in Patagonia—Shooting a wild cow—Was it a wild cow?—Musters' account of @@ -3831,7 +3791,7 @@ driving the two horses past a bend of the river that would prevent them from attempting to break back towards their pasture at Colohuapi. The day was very warm indeed and the night rather cold, the thermometer at midday and at night being -respectively 74° F. and 37° F.</p> +respectively 74° F. and 37° F.</p> <p>We were now upon the banks of the River Senguerr, the Senguel of Captain Musters.</p> @@ -3841,7 +3801,7 @@ of Colohuapi was very remarkable; they allowed one to approach within eighty yards before bestirring themselves. After the first day's march beyond Colohuapi we never saw again any specimen of the Patagonian cavy (<i>Dolichotis patagonica</i>), although -round the shores of the lakes Musters and Colhué these animals +round the shores of the lakes Musters and Colhué these animals abound. It is strange that the habitat of the cavy should be so sharply defined, considering that there appears to be no apparent reason, such as alteration of the nature of the ground or vegetation, @@ -3954,7 +3914,7 @@ tribe with whom he had had to do.</p> <p>"<i>October 28.</i>—The Germans left us this morning. I think we shall be all the better without them. Immediately on their departure -I determined to march to the <i>cañadon</i> or valley of the River +I determined to march to the <i>cañadon</i> or valley of the River Senguerr, giving up the route suggested by the Indian, as it was likely that the horses would stray upon the pampa. It was necessary to decrease the weight of some of our cargo, which we at once @@ -3963,7 +3923,7 @@ each pair of us would have to look after six <i>cargueros</i>, or pack-horses, and we were consequently obliged to lessen their number.</p> <p>"While we were getting ready a thin rain and a yelling wind -came down the <i>cañadon</i> as we started to catch the horses. The +came down the <i>cañadon</i> as we started to catch the horses. The salt marsh over which the Germans had gone lay behind us, and ahead were shallow lagoons around which the tussocks whistled in the wind. But I think we none of us noticed the inclemency of @@ -3977,14 +3937,14 @@ set off."</p> <p>Providentially, not a single cargo shifted, although we covered something like fourteen miles. I should have mentioned that one -of the reasons which weighed with me in again seeking the <i>cañadon</i> +of the reasons which weighed with me in again seeking the <i>cañadon</i> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">71</a></span> of the River Senguerr was the fact that four of the horses had strayed in the night. It was our intention to camp as soon as we reached a suitable place in the valley and to scour the country for the lost horses. This, however, turned out not to be necessary, as we came right upon the truants grazing in the mouth of a small rift -in the cliff of the <i>cañadon</i>. One of +in the cliff of the <i>cañadon</i>. One of them cantered out with a neigh to meet the troop upon the hillside.</p> @@ -4168,13 +4128,13 @@ south and brought with it a heavy hailstorm, which whistled before a driving wind. The horses would not face it, but huddled together in the centre of the valley. We encamped early as we needed meat. Jones and I left the camp here among the sand-dunes -in the valley and went a-hunting. We rode up a <i>cañadon</i>, in +in the valley and went a-hunting. We rode up a <i>cañadon</i>, in the centre of which our horses foundered in some very bad ground. Getting out of this we struck a stretch of desolate -pampa, across which we cut towards the big <i>cañadon</i> of the Mayo +pampa, across which we cut towards the big <i>cañadon</i> of the Mayo in order to explore the route which we must follow upon the morrow. To my surprise we presently came to a clear stream, -flowing through another wide <i>cañadon</i>, which joined the Mayo +flowing through another wide <i>cañadon</i>, which joined the Mayo from a south-westerly direction. Can this be the River Genguel? The Indian guide told us that it would take us a month to get from here to Lake Buenos Aires. If it is the Genguel, however, we @@ -4189,8 +4149,8 @@ necessary to save our stock of tinned provisions.</p> cargo, again attempted to repeat his trick of the Senguerr <i>barranca</i>, but was circumvented by Burbury and Barckhausen.</p> -<p>"<i>November 1.</i>—To-day Scrivenor shot the sun 70° 56´ W. -long, and 45° 39´ S. lat. So the river we saw yesterday is the +<p>"<i>November 1.</i>—To-day Scrivenor shot the sun 70° 56´ W. +long, and 45° 39´ S. lat. So the river we saw yesterday is the Genguel, which is excellent. Jones and I went out to shoot for the pot. As there were no guanaco in the neighbourhood, he took the Paradox and I my 12-bore, and we confined ourselves to @@ -4258,7 +4218,7 @@ round him, and so dragged him in.</p> <p class="caption">WILDGOOSE CAMP</p> </div> -<p>"We next had lunch which consisted of <i>maté</i>. As we sat +<p>"We next had lunch which consisted of <i>maté</i>. As we sat waiting for the kettle to boil, several blue-winged teal (<i>Querquedula cyanoptera</i>) passed over us and went down in a small marsh towards the Genguel. After these Jones had another stalk, and @@ -4300,7 +4260,7 @@ a day, and during the migration a far greater number.</p> <p>The whole of the valley of the River Chico is excellent for wild-fowling, and I expected the numbers of birds to increase as we drew nearer to Lake Buenos Aires. And certainly in the -<i>cañadon</i> of the River Deseado I was not disappointed, but of that +<i>cañadon</i> of the River Deseado I was not disappointed, but of that I will write in its due place.</p> <p>On November 2 we resumed our march, still following the @@ -4415,7 +4375,7 @@ hillside above us, but on using the telescope perceived it carried a brand upon its flank. We therefore left it in peace.</p> <p>A little later, as we were riding under the western <i>barranca</i> -of the <i>cañadon</i> of the River Mayo, we came upon some fairly fresh +of the <i>cañadon</i> of the River Mayo, we came upon some fairly fresh <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">82</a></span> tracks of sheep. This fact, taken in conjunction with the appearance of the white bull, made me begin to wonder whether it was @@ -4443,7 +4403,7 @@ chorus of barking. As we drew nearer we could see that the tall figures, wrapped in guanaco-skins, were standing in the openings of the <i>toldos</i>, on the look-out for the arrival whose presence had been heralded by the dogs. The sun was setting by this time -over the high cliffs of the <i>cañadon</i>, and the <i>toldos</i> threw lengthened +over the high cliffs of the <i>cañadon</i>, and the <i>toldos</i> threw lengthened shadows upon the ground.</p> <p>When we came within a short distance, the Indians stepped @@ -4956,7 +4916,7 @@ and even then live none the better for it. One could never guess whether a man were rich or poor by his dress; he carries no sign of improved circumstances in his person or bearing. The owner of two thousand beasts will come into camp and sit by your fire, -putting in a plea with the humblest for a cupful of <i>maté</i>. Occasionally +putting in a plea with the humblest for a cupful of <i>maté</i>. Occasionally an Indian will act as a guide across the empty distances of the pampas. They have an excellent idea of the value of their services and of the paper <i>peso</i> of the Argentine Republic. They @@ -5149,7 +5109,7 @@ he draws off the blood and swallows it mixed with salt.</p> practically their life-work to follow the wanderings of the herds through the changing seasons. But the flesh of the ostrich is more palatable, and is, consequently, preferred when it can be procured. -They drink <i>maté</i> in large quantities, which, as has been +They drink <i>maté</i> in large quantities, which, as has been shown, is the universal habit on the pampas, where it is, in fact, indispensable, supplying, as it does, to a certain extent, the place of vegetables, besides having the valuable quality of refreshing @@ -5172,7 +5132,7 @@ tobacco, aided by a bit of imagination and a strong throat.</p> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">101</a></span> coffin-like shape. One Indian, however, possessed a silver pipe, the stem of which had begun life as a <i>bombilla</i>, or silver tube for -drinking <i>maté</i> through. Musters mentions frequently seeing the +drinking <i>maté</i> through. Musters mentions frequently seeing the men become insensible after smoking, which would lead to the supposition that they use some drug corresponding in its effects to opium. I never observed a single instance of this sort, although I @@ -5524,11 +5484,11 @@ intelligent races of uncivilised peoples, incapable of much forethought. They live for to-day and make little provision for to-morrow. As a case in point, they are allowing their horses to become very deteriorated. The animals are, almost without -exception, to use a Spanish term, <i>mañero</i>, which means of a +exception, to use a Spanish term, <i>mañero</i>, which means of a spoiled temper. In some localities they have been crossed with the horses of the settlers which have a strain of English blood, and the result is animals of spirit and of character, but <i>muy -mañero</i>. The Tehuelches prize white horses, and <i>overos</i>, or +mañero</i>. The Tehuelches prize white horses, and <i>overos</i>, or piebalds, exceedingly. The backs of their horses are generally badly galled, but this is no matter for surprise, as they often ride upon a sheepskin flung anyhow across the beast. The method of @@ -5773,14 +5733,14 @@ close upon seven o'clock, blind with sand, and our hands bleeding from the cold and the harsh friction of the cargo ropes.</p> <p>It was as we approached this camp that I saw beside a lagoon -of snow-water two American oyster-catchers (<i>Hæmatopus palliatus</i>) +of snow-water two American oyster-catchers (<i>Hæmatopus palliatus</i>) which, no doubt, had nested in the vicinity, as, on my going closer, they rose and circled with their darting flight above my head, but I failed to find the nest. There were many guanacos about, and I was not surprised to hear that this lagoon, Laguna La Cancha, was a very favourite encampment of the Indians. The scenery surrounding the pool is peculiarly inhospitable. Some one remarked -that it reminded him of Doré's illustrations to the Inferno, adding, +that it reminded him of Doré's illustrations to the Inferno, adding, "If you were to put heat to it, it would be Hell." Huge rolling downs, bare hills, and no vegetation save a few tussocks and scattered meagre shrubs. The Indian said the winter hits this @@ -5864,7 +5824,7 @@ It penetrated to one's very bones. We, however, made seven <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">120</a></span> leagues, and reached the River Genguel, which here makes a great curve. We camped in a narrow shute, strewn with big -stones and giving upon the river, the <i>cañadon</i> being very wide +stones and giving upon the river, the <i>cañadon</i> being very wide and devoid of shelter. The water was broken into small sharp waves by the wind, and we were glad to collect what firewood was obtainable—bushes being scarce at that spot—and make a @@ -5879,7 +5839,7 @@ untouched by the cold.</p> <p>Next day nine leagues were achieved. Very long marches these, but we were pressing on to reach Lake Buenos Aires. -<i>Cañadon</i> and pampa and high ground succeeded each other as we +<i>Cañadon</i> and pampa and high ground succeeded each other as we rode along, sometimes bare, sometimes sandy, sometimes thorn-covered, often stony and strewn with fragments of basalt. Generally overhead a pallid blue sky, and below wind, wind, @@ -5906,7 +5866,7 @@ spectacle.</p> <p>On the 3rd I discovered a scorpion in my bed in spite of the cold. By the 6th we reached the River Fenix, and, crossing to an island, camped in the sleet, the temperature reading that night -being 30° F. From there we pushed on to the farther bank, and +being 30° F. From there we pushed on to the farther bank, and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">121</a></span> marched to the camping-ground of the Indians, which, though the nearest of their old camps to Lake Buenos Aires, was still a good @@ -6173,7 +6133,7 @@ shot I did not try to kill any, as we had meat enough.</p> <div class="figcenter"><a name="i_176" id="i_176"></a> <img src="images/i_176.jpg" width="477" height="483" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">SEÑOR HANS P. WAAG, OF THE ARGENTINE BOUNDARY COMMISSION</p> +<p class="caption">SEÑOR HANS P. WAAG, OF THE ARGENTINE BOUNDARY COMMISSION</p> </div> <p>On this day the first huemul seen on our expedition was @@ -6474,7 +6434,7 @@ had killed a large Cordillera wolf near Horsham Camp.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">136</a></span></p> -<p>On November 28, Barckhausen and I camped in the <i>cañadon</i> +<p>On November 28, Barckhausen and I camped in the <i>cañadon</i> or valley of River Deseado, a swampy, reedy spot, tenanted by great numbers of upland geese, flocks of Chiloe widgeon (<i>Mareca sibilatrix</i>) and brown pintails. I also observed here the rosy-billed @@ -6485,7 +6445,7 @@ cannot speak with absolute certainty upon the point. Besides these, I saw flamingoes (<i>Phœnicopterus ignipalliatus</i>) and the black-necked swan (<i>Cygnis nigricollis</i>). A flock of parrots were flying about the heights, but of these I was unable to procure a -specimen. The reedy pools and backwaters in this <i>cañadon</i> were, +specimen. The reedy pools and backwaters in this <i>cañadon</i> were, without exception, the most glorious paradise of wildfowl that I have ever seen.</p> @@ -6517,7 +6477,7 @@ On measurement I found him to be five feet in height and three feet high at the shoulder.</p> <p>The greatest number of adult ostriches I ever saw together was -seven. This in a <i>cañadon</i> off the River Deseado. At a later +seven. This in a <i>cañadon</i> off the River Deseado. At a later date I saw forty-two together, but this included many small and immature birds.</p> @@ -6554,7 +6514,7 @@ river or lagoon, "The bygone Indians may here have had their <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">138</a></span> camp, or the greater beasts their lair." The netted lakes, the gaunt Cordillera, the limitless pampa and the unceasing wind—that -is all. <i>Cañadon</i> follows <i>cañadon</i>, pampa succeeds pampa, you +is all. <i>Cañadon</i> follows <i>cañadon</i>, pampa succeeds pampa, you have the Atlantic to the east of you and the Andes to the west of you, and between, in all the vast country, beside the Indian trail, the only paths are game-tracks!</p> @@ -6645,7 +6605,7 @@ wide upon the pampas.</p> <p>It was not before the next day, however, that Burbury and Barckhausen returned with the news that they had found the trail -some twenty leagues away near the <i>cañadon</i> of the River Deseado.</p> +some twenty leagues away near the <i>cañadon</i> of the River Deseado.</p> <p>I have mentioned my great desire to shoot a huemul (<i>Xenelaphus bisulcus</i>), and, as we had been disappointed in this @@ -6689,7 +6649,7 @@ advance—a wreath that disappears for the moment perhaps, but yet its fall has marked a spot that in course of time will be swept over by the rising water; so in Patagonia these few wanderers break away from the settlements upon the coast, and set out -with their little store of flour, <i>fariña</i>, and <i>maté</i>, their troop of horses, +with their little store of flour, <i>fariña</i>, and <i>maté</i>, their troop of horses, and their half-dozen hounds. They say that they are looking for good ground or, as they call it, good camp to settle upon, but few of them actually carry out this final intention. It is the free life @@ -6754,7 +6714,7 @@ a smoke upon the shore of the lake behind an island in our view if my presence were really required.</p> <p>While he returned to Horsham Camp, Barckhausen and I rode -on towards the <i>cañadon</i> of the River de los Antiguos. +on towards the <i>cañadon</i> of the River de los Antiguos. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">144</a></span></p> <h2>CHAPTER X<br /> @@ -6811,7 +6771,7 @@ weary <i>barranca</i>.</p> <div class="figcenter"><a name="i_195" id="i_195"></a> <img src="images/i_195.jpg" width="550" height="370" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">LAKE BUENOS AIRES FROM THE <i>CAÑADON</i> OF THE RIVER DE LOS ANTIGUOS</p> +<p class="caption">LAKE BUENOS AIRES FROM THE <i>CAÑADON</i> OF THE RIVER DE LOS ANTIGUOS</p> </div> <p>A number of animals live in the Gorge of the River de los @@ -6949,7 +6909,7 @@ in the morning sun—the "Come-at-once" signal.</p> the <i>barranca</i> from our camp. The old game with the horses had to be gone through again. We made our way straight down the strip of tableland towards the lake, along the high sliding cliffs of -the river's <i>cañadon</i>. It was a long ride, and as we went along the +the river's <i>cañadon</i>. It was a long ride, and as we went along the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">149</a></span> fact became obvious that the river had risen during the night and was still rising. The waters had grown earth-coloured and large @@ -7102,7 +7062,7 @@ guns cold company in the bottom of the lake.</p> of an hour later. To us, knocked about and dog-tired as we were, the going was difficult. The <i>barrancas</i> seemed endless. The river was now a yellow flood, crashing and rushing down the -<i>cañadon</i>, bearing trees, bushes, and logs with its whirl and flurry. +<i>cañadon</i>, bearing trees, bushes, and logs with its whirl and flurry. When we arrived at the upper ford it was only to find six feet of water there and a fall formed beyond it—quite impassable in fact.</p> @@ -7144,7 +7104,7 @@ telescope, from the cliffs above. But the set of the current was for once towards the farther bank, where it culminated in rapids.</p> <p>I decided to leave the three worst horses, and we found them -a fine stretch of grass and water at Roblé Camp. There we left +a fine stretch of grass and water at Roblé Camp. There we left them. They fell to feeding very quietly, and we rode away to the <i>barranca</i> we had so often surmounted that at length we had formed a road through its bushes.</p> @@ -7166,7 +7126,7 @@ came out on the farther side into a belt of green scrub.</p> dashed out of a glade and I broke the neck of an old buck with the damaged Colt. I had taken a careful sight for a shoulder-shot! We cut up the huemul, skinned the head and rode on, and soon -were out of the <i>cañadon</i> of the de los Antiguos River and riding +were out of the <i>cañadon</i> of the de los Antiguos River and riding through the bushes towards our companions. The moon, on her rising, found us still going, and the camp we made was a dozen miles from the river. @@ -7258,14 +7218,14 @@ scene of our petty disasters, once more. down—Wounded guanaco takes to water—Mauser and shot-gun retrieved—Losing and seeking in Patagonia—Recover horses at Rest-and-be-Thankful Camp—Visit to River Jeinemeni—Trained horse for hunting—Shooting -guanaco—Condors—<i>Cañadon</i> of Jeinemeni—Huemul hunting—Ostriches and +guanaco—Condors—<i>Cañadon</i> of Jeinemeni—Huemul hunting—Ostriches and their habits—Return to Horsham Camp—Night in camp. </p> <p>On December 16, the interval having been taken out by me in sleeping off my chill and fatigue, Scrivenor, Jones and I made a start to retrieve the horses abandoned in the Los Antiguos -<i>cañadon</i> by Barckhausen and myself. We each took a horse and +<i>cañadon</i> by Barckhausen and myself. We each took a horse and a spare animal which carried the tent, for the weather was breaking to the westward. It was our intention to ride the fifty miles back on the horses which we had left behind in the Gorge.</p> @@ -7299,7 +7259,7 @@ Jones and I rode down to the water's edge. I had small hope of success as regarded retrieving the guns, but the water had fallen as quickly as it had risen. We soon came upon my tracks going down to the stream, made during my last visit. We then rode -along the bank. Trees, sand and <i>débris</i> filled the river-bed, +along the bank. Trees, sand and <i>débris</i> filled the river-bed, and I had reached a spot some hundred yards below the place where I had been beached on the shingle island, and Jones was still engaged in searching another channel, when I saw something @@ -7363,7 +7323,7 @@ all our troop, a stout little Zaino, which shook and vibrated like a miniature torpedo-boat. At length we came to the high <i>barranca</i> above the river, down which Mula had fallen and nearly immolated poor Barckhausen. We human beings toboganned down—the -measured angle being 38°—and the horses slid down upon their +measured angle being 38°—and the horses slid down upon their haunches. Part of the cliff accompanied us in our descent. Then followed that nasty boulder-strewn piece of journeying I have <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">159</a></span> @@ -7409,7 +7369,7 @@ dozen shades of dusky and far-off blue.</p> Jeinemeni, the more westerly river, which shut in the farther side of the tableland. The ravine through which it flowed down to the lake was magnificent, a wonderful vista of broken white cliffs. -The conformation of its <i>cañadon</i> was very different to that of the +The conformation of its <i>cañadon</i> was very different to that of the de los Antiguos. Seen from a distance the valley appeared almost treeless, and upon its west bank rose the lower hills of the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">160</a></span> @@ -7441,7 +7401,7 @@ others, of course, who, if you loosed the <i>cabresto</i>, were off to camp at a gallop, and where quickness is so important, they made sport a little of a penance.</p> -<p>But to return to our first visit to the Jeinemeni. In the <i>cañadon</i> +<p>But to return to our first visit to the Jeinemeni. In the <i>cañadon</i> we came upon a guanaco, and I stalked him. The bullet took effect, and the poor beast plunged into the abyss below. We followed him down a few hundred feet, but finding the way beset @@ -7490,7 +7450,7 @@ shot your game, and within a few minutes a condor appeared far away in the heavens; then another and another! Perhaps they had some signal bidding to the feast.</p> -<p>Having cut up the guanaco, we descended into the <i>cañadon</i> +<p>Having cut up the guanaco, we descended into the <i>cañadon</i> of the Jeinemeni, where we had on the previous evening seen the rising dust—which meant the movement of living things. At first it was one of the nastiest of horseback climbs, all loose stones, and @@ -7504,7 +7464,7 @@ gallop, as was evident from the tracks.</p> <p>We rode on to the gorge of the Jeinemeni and made our <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">162</a></span> -camp by a little pool. Here we had a <i>maté</i> by the fire and gave +camp by a little pool. Here we had a <i>maté</i> by the fire and gave our horses grass. Then came our climb up the ragged cliffs by which we had descended. They were very high, rising fold on fold, set as always with loose stones and shifting sand, a needle @@ -7537,7 +7497,7 @@ Cordillera were purple with threatening cloud. The rain gave the mountain wind the softness which the <i>pampero</i> lacks. We quickly crossed the lower hills and saw some guanacos in the valleys. We did not shoot any but rode on upwards until we came to the -high ground, where bushes of <i>maté negra</i> and black fragments of +high ground, where bushes of <i>maté negra</i> and black fragments of basalt made a desolate picture with the low clouds rolling over the wet hills. Presently a cloud enveloped us and we took shelter beneath a rock. It looked as if we were in for a wet day, but to @@ -7632,7 +7592,7 @@ the Mauser was better than any of the guns in Chubut.</p> <p>On the day after, the river, upon which we had been keeping a very careful watch, again began to rise. So we packed up and -camped that night in the end of the <i>cañadon</i> near the spot where +camped that night in the end of the <i>cañadon</i> near the spot where <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">165</a></span> I had shot my first huemul. Although we hunted during the afternoon we saw nothing, but on the following day, when starting @@ -7664,7 +7624,7 @@ chance of a shot.</p> <p>Another good hour of the day during our expedition was that when, pretty tired, one rode into camp, and saw the little green tent pitched among the tussocks, the horses scattered round, the -big black pot upon the fire. You drank your <i>maté</i>, smoked a +big black pot upon the fire. You drank your <i>maté</i>, smoked a pipe while the black pot boiled, and you talked over the day's doings. And so on until dark began to fall, and in the night you could hear the sounds of the open, the rush of some river, the @@ -7692,7 +7652,7 @@ of filly—Father of guanacos—Search for Indian trail—Pebble hil of trail—Filly's first march—Hunting—Mirages—Rain—Tent pleasures—River Olin—Meeting Mr. Waag's party—News from outer world—River Chico—Sierra Ventana—Indian <i>toldo</i>—Shepherd's hut—Houses, sheep and -cattle—Night in huts—Antennæ of civilisation—<i>La Gaviota</i>—Santa Cruz. +cattle—Night in huts—Antennæ of civilisation—<i>La Gaviota</i>—Santa Cruz. </p> <p>"<span class="smcap">Horsham Camp</span>, <i>Christmas Day, 1900</i>.—Here the weather is @@ -7751,16 +7711,16 @@ menu:</p> <td colspan="2" class="tdc"><span class="smcap">Menu.</span></td> </tr> <tr> -<td colspan="2" class="tdc">Common or Garden Duff à la Azulejo. Condiment au lait Suisse.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="tdc">Common or Garden Duff à la Azulejo. Condiment au lait Suisse.</td> </tr> <tr> -<td colspan="2" class="tdc">GRAND DUFF à la H. Jones avec muscatelles.</td> +<td colspan="2" class="tdc">GRAND DUFF à la H. Jones avec muscatelles.</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="tdc">Bœuf.</td> </tr> <tr> -<td colspan="2" class="tdc">Ostrich à la Patagonie.<br /> +<td colspan="2" class="tdc">Ostrich à la Patagonie.<br /> (If you want it.)</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -7772,7 +7732,7 @@ menu:</p> <td rowspan="2">Suisse.</td> </tr> <tr> -<td class="tdr">Thé au lait}</td> +<td class="tdr">Thé au lait}</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="tdc">Vieux Cognac avec vulcanite.</td> @@ -7803,7 +7763,7 @@ remains of food surprised by the sun, the litter, the bare rubbed grass, and the occasional fox. We left some tins of corned beef behind us, as I hoped to travel very fast to Santa Cruz. That day we made anything from eight to ten leagues, and camped in Seven -Ostriches <i>cañadon</i>, the spot that Barckhausen and I had previously +Ostriches <i>cañadon</i>, the spot that Barckhausen and I had previously visited and named after the birds we saw there.</p> <p>The following day (27th) we made a good march and encamped @@ -7849,13 +7809,13 @@ was big, might drop her foal in that sterile spot. Another danger which menaced us, was that the horses would certainly become lame if they had to travel far over these broken rocks. We therefore rode on perhaps another fourteen miles, and the dark was -falling when we found a camp in a <i>cañadon</i>—a bad approach +falling when we found a camp in a <i>cañadon</i>—a bad approach strewn with basalt fragments, but a fair camp at the end with a little stream and good grass.</p> <p>On December 29 the Trelew mare dropped her foal, a little disproportionately-boned, huge-jointed <i>alazan</i> filly. During the -day Scrivenor and I explored the <i>cañadon</i> and I shot a guanaco +day Scrivenor and I explored the <i>cañadon</i> and I shot a guanaco and an ostrich. The guanaco was a very father of guanacos, old, scarred, black-faced and war-worn. His meat was worse than that of a he-goat.</p> @@ -7873,7 +7833,7 @@ River Belgrano, when we would keep the course of that river to its junction with the River Chico, which in its turn would lead us down to the settlement of Santa Cruz, our destination. When I left the Cordillera I had made up my mind to return to them farther -south at the Lake Argentino near lat. 50°. To cover a large area +south at the Lake Argentino near lat. 50°. To cover a large area of country, and at the same time to collect specimens, is a physical impossibility. I had therefore decided to leave Scrivenor at Santa Cruz to collect fossils in that vicinity, while I myself again crossed @@ -7974,7 +7934,7 @@ appetising of them all.</p> </div> <p>On the last day of the year we managed seven leagues, and -camped in a bare <i>cañadon</i>. New Year's Day we covered eight +camped in a bare <i>cañadon</i>. New Year's Day we covered eight leagues of bare and arid steppes of pampa. At this time we had a great deal of hunting. A lame dog, left behind by our Argentine ostrich-hunter, turned out to be excellent for sport. We named @@ -8026,7 +7986,7 @@ might figure in it, and I offered to contribute my old coat.</p> troop of horses being driven across the pampa by a couple of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">174</a></span> Gauchos. At first sight we thought them a mirage. On inquiry -I was told that my friend Señor Waag was in command, news +I was told that my friend Señor Waag was in command, news at which I was naturally delighted. I had made Mr. Waag's acquaintance in Buenos Aires, and we had arranged to meet in Patagonia if possible. Mr. Waag was on the Argentine Boundary @@ -8038,7 +7998,7 @@ coming upon him. After a few hours going, I arrived at the camp of his assistants, where were two Italian engineers, and also some piratical-looking <i>peones</i> in red caps making bread in an oven dug into the ground. But Mr. Waag himself was not there, -having gone off the track to camp in a <i>cañadon</i>. I was greatly +having gone off the track to camp in a <i>cañadon</i>. I was greatly disappointed, for I had looked forward to this meeting.</p> <div class="figcenter"><a name="i_238" id="i_238"></a> @@ -8068,7 +8028,7 @@ and bothered us as we ate our meal on a packing-case, an ostentatious comfort which made us feel very civilised.</p> <p>We were now in the valley of the Chico, which is a large -stream with a swift current, its <i>cañadon</i> bordered with bare ridges. +stream with a swift current, its <i>cañadon</i> bordered with bare ridges. It felt like old times to be in a river valley once more, reminding us of those we had passed through on our way to Lake Buenos Aires. We saw geese again, of which I shot two, and also a @@ -8084,7 +8044,7 @@ scents, but lacking the dewiness of our English scents of wood and wold.</p> <p>On January 7 we travelled eleven leagues, taking a short cut -through a bare <i>cañadon</i> of dry mud-hills. Leaving this behind us +through a bare <i>cañadon</i> of dry mud-hills. Leaving this behind us we again came in sight of the River Chico and crossed a high pampa of yellow tussocks and gravel. The morning dawned hot with the usual accompaniment of mosquitoes and sand-flies. As @@ -8152,7 +8112,7 @@ basaltic desolation.</p> <p>On the 9th we struck three habitations. Strong squalls with gusts of rain accompanied us on our way. Sheep and cattle could be seen in the valley below, and at last we stopped at an <i>estancia</i>, -where we bought fariña, flour, biscuit, sugar, and mutton—luxuries +where we bought fariña, flour, biscuit, sugar, and mutton—luxuries to which we had for some time been strangers. The owner allowed us to sleep in some mud-houses by the river, and we enjoyed the shelter, partial as it was.</p> @@ -8176,7 +8136,7 @@ and green fittings of the grimiest. Four Gauchos of the lower sort were playing cards for beans and shrieking over their game. The little innkeeper, a small, dark, aquiline, black-bearded Argentine, in a dirty white vest and a black neck-rag, held rule -inside. Any camp is better than these antennæ of civilisation, +inside. Any camp is better than these antennæ of civilisation, that seem to have touched and always to bear onwards with them things unclean and repulsive. Jones' homely face was good to see, when he came in and said, "I should like to be away from @@ -8229,7 +8189,7 @@ of humanity. <p class="ch_summ">Dividing expedition—Darwin's trip up the Santa Cruz—Provisions—Shoeing horses—Pampa grass and marsh grass—Start for Lake Argentino—Burbury -and Bernardo—Visit various <i>estancias</i>—Negro—Suspicious wayfarers—Hospitality—<i>Cañadon</i> +and Bernardo—Visit various <i>estancias</i>—Negro—Suspicious wayfarers—Hospitality—<i>Cañadon</i> of the Santa Cruz—Dry pampa—Sunsets—Game and wildfowl—Flamingos—Sandflies—Mystery Plain—Lake Argentino—River del Bote—Mount Viscachas—Lonely lagoon—Death-place of guanaco—Neigh of @@ -8252,7 +8212,7 @@ forces I hoped to achieve both ends more satisfactorily.</p> <p>The lake which I now wished to visit is the last very large piece of water in the long chain of Andean lakes and lagoons. It -is a little to the south of 50° S. lat. From this lake, Lake Argentino, +is a little to the south of 50° S. lat. From this lake, Lake Argentino, the River Santa Cruz flows eastwards and empties itself into the Atlantic, the settlement of Santa Cruz being situated at the mouth of the river. It was by following the course of this river @@ -8282,7 +8242,7 @@ wished to escape the severities of the Andean winter:</p> <div class="poetry-container"> <div class="poem"> -<p class="o1">35 kilos fariña.</p> +<p class="o1">35 kilos fariña.</p> <p class="o1">25 kilos oatmeal.</p> <p class="o1">15 kilos sugar.</p> <p>6 lb. tea.</p> @@ -8319,11 +8279,11 @@ the first hard day's march cuts up their condition like so much butter.</p> <p>We left Santa Cruz on January 22. I was accompanied by -Burbury and a Swede, Bernardo Hähansen, who proved in the +Burbury and a Swede, Bernardo Hähansen, who proved in the event to be a useful and courageous fellow. Our first march took us to Mr. Campbell's <i>estancia</i>. We saw a good number of guanaco and some ostriches on the way, which at first lay across -the open pampa, afterwards diving into a deep <i>cañadon</i> some seven +the open pampa, afterwards diving into a deep <i>cañadon</i> some seven and a half leagues long. The little Blanco showed his appreciation of the excellent food he had been enjoying by behaving badly. On arrival we found Mr. Campbell was away from the farm @@ -8339,7 +8299,7 @@ cooked very well I should have been glad to have received his <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">184</a></span> application. On January 24 we reached Clementi's <i>estancia</i>. We were accompanied on the march by an old Irish sailor with a -Hibernian cast of countenance. The <i>señora</i> asked us into the +Hibernian cast of countenance. The <i>señora</i> asked us into the house and at once gave us hot milk and bread, which was very grateful after a long day in the saddle. The valley near by was full of sheep, and several healthy-looking children were playing @@ -8393,15 +8353,15 @@ lumps of sheep's fat decorated the room. We sat on the old wooden bedstead with its pile of sheepskins for bed-clothes and wrote our diary. Our hostess, who wore her hair in two plaits hanging down at each side of her face, sat on a case and talked -while she drank the inevitable <i>maté</i> through a <i>bombilla</i>. She +while she drank the inevitable <i>maté</i> through a <i>bombilla</i>. She asked us to remain over a second day, which was most good of her, but we had to continue our journey.</p> <p>We marched until about three o'clock, when, coming up to an empty shanty, we took shelter in it for a while, as it happened to be very hot. Later we started again, and made a long march -across a pampa above the <i>cañadon</i> of the Santa Cruz, which is -here two miles or more in breadth. Speaking of this <i>cañadon</i>, I +across a pampa above the <i>cañadon</i> of the Santa Cruz, which is +here two miles or more in breadth. Speaking of this <i>cañadon</i>, I cannot do better than give Darwin's words: "This valley varies <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">186</a></span> from five to ten miles in breadth: it is bounded by step-formed @@ -8409,7 +8369,7 @@ terraces, which rise in most parts one above the other to the height of 500 feet, and have on the opposite sides a remarkable correspondence."</p> -<p>The river winds considerably as it flows through the <i>cañadon</i>, +<p>The river winds considerably as it flows through the <i>cañadon</i>, the sides of which are very bare and grassless, excepting where springs break through and flow down the cliff-side, their course being marked by a line of vivid green. The pampa above, along @@ -8419,7 +8379,7 @@ dark as to seem almost black. We found a good deal of difficulty in getting to a camp with water, as the pampa was very dry, so we prolonged our march till 7.15 <span class="s08">P.M.</span>, when we came upon a shallow and turbid stream running down in a southerly direction from the -<i>barranca</i>. In the end we had to descend into the <i>cañadon</i> of the +<i>barranca</i>. In the end we had to descend into the <i>cañadon</i> of the river. Not far from the spot which we chose for camping lay the bodies of some eighty guanaco with their skins on, which had died during the previous winter.</p> @@ -8432,7 +8392,7 @@ night as I stood in the shadow that steeped all my side of the river, the other bank was lit up with a translucent glow of sunset as delicately yellow as if it shone through the petals of a buttercup.</p> -<p>On January 27 we started along the <i>cañadon</i>, which continued +<p>On January 27 we started along the <i>cañadon</i>, which continued to be desolate and rather stony. We saw many guanaco, living and dead. After a time we made for the pampa above, from where we looked once again upon the Cordillera, gleaming very @@ -8503,7 +8463,7 @@ of all, and there, standing in the teeth of a strong wind, we looked down upon Lake Argentino lying below us, and backed by the peaks and snow summits of the Cordillera.</p> -<p>Although there were many <i>cañadones</i> and grass of the richest, +<p>Although there were many <i>cañadones</i> and grass of the richest, we could find no water, and so went on and on.</p> <p>Presently, as we were descending towards the lake, we reached @@ -8551,7 +8511,7 @@ sound.</p> <p>So we had journeyed westward, having always upon the south the yellow pampa, and beside us on the north the river running -through its deep <i>cañadon</i>, while every dawn the vast phalanx of +through its deep <i>cañadon</i>, while every dawn the vast phalanx of the Andean peaks seemed to have moved nearer, as though the great mass of mountain was marching slowly and surely towards us like the battle-front of some destroying army.</p> @@ -8601,7 +8561,7 @@ could see the great southern lake was in a turmoil of short and angry seas. Deep channels cut away into the depths of the Cordillera at the western end, and at the eastern side the waters flowed out into the swift current of the River Santa Cruz. Farther along -the northern shore the <i>cañadon</i> of the River Leona was also visible. +the northern shore the <i>cañadon</i> of the River Leona was also visible. We could not then guess how glad we should one day be to reach the haven of that river mouth. Beyond the lake, and partly surrounding it, the Cordillera raised their jagged line of peaks against @@ -8613,7 +8573,7 @@ anywhere in the great hollow stretching beneath us.</p> <p>To my mind Argentino is a far more beautiful lake than Buenos Aires. After a long look we began to descend into the lower land -by a sharp cleft that led down into a deep <i>cañadon</i>. It was, owing +by a sharp cleft that led down into a deep <i>cañadon</i>. It was, owing to a recent landslip, a nasty piece of travelling, and the horses, disliking it, broke back more than once, the <i>Zaino overo</i> taking the lead as usual.</p> @@ -8703,7 +8663,7 @@ is, into sheep farms. And it must be admitted that the neighbourhood of the Santa Cruz is somewhat sterile, and would be likely to give a false idea of Patagonia as a forbidding land to a stranger who knew no more of the country than the coast and this boulder -and sand-strewn river valley. This <i>cañadon</i> is, in fact, covered +and sand-strewn river valley. This <i>cañadon</i> is, in fact, covered with glacial detritus.</p> <div class="figcenter"><a name="i_267" id="i_267"></a> @@ -8747,7 +8707,7 @@ map, in which this and many other errors had already been set right.</p> <p>Taking our horses, we made our way to the south-west along -the shores of Lake Rica. We were forced to make détours, as +the shores of Lake Rica. We were forced to make détours, as the steep banks were cut up by innumerable rifts, at the bottom of nearly every one of which streams of varying size emptied themselves into the fjord. Heavy forests clothed the slopes of the hills @@ -8948,7 +8908,7 @@ Many a Gaucho has lost his life in attempting to cross lower down.</p> from our camp-fire of califate-wood, and as we sat round it waiting for the <i>asado</i> to cook, we smoked (a bad habit when indulged in before breakfast, against which one would warn everybody else) -and drank <i>maté</i>. It was a cool dawn I remember that developed +and drank <i>maté</i>. It was a cool dawn I remember that developed later into a hot day. We put the collapsible boat together, and Cattle, after a mishap with a rowlock, brought the old and leaky ford-boat across, as we needed her to transport our baggage. We @@ -9204,7 +9164,7 @@ we managed with difficulty, and there anchored.</p> tent and turned in.</p> <p>On the morrow the wind had dropped somewhat, though the -lake was still white with breakers. We had a <i>maté</i> by the fire on +lake was still white with breakers. We had a <i>maté</i> by the fire on the promontory and prepared to start again. It was 9.30 when all was ready, and by that time the Cordillera was shut out by a big purple rain-cloud. As the rain began to fall we took our @@ -9327,7 +9287,7 @@ developments.</p> <div class="figright"><a name="i_287" id="i_287"></a> <img src="images/i_287.jpg" width="393" height="550" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">BERNARDO HÄHANSEN</p> +<p class="caption">BERNARDO HÄHANSEN</p> </div> <p>Very soon, however, @@ -9336,7 +9296,7 @@ seems that a very strong emotion cannot in the nature of things last long. Undoubtedly <i>c'est le premier -pas qui coûte</i>. I +pas qui coûte</i>. I looked round and saw the other two grinning.</p> @@ -9637,7 +9597,7 @@ it. At last, through the noise and battering of the grey-black water, we reached the shelter of the promontory by the bay and succeeded in feeling our way in. There we dropped anchors from both bow and stern, drew off some water from the boiler -to make a <i>maté</i> which we drank, and afterwards lying down +to make a <i>maté</i> which we drank, and afterwards lying down in the after-hatch instantly fell asleep. Bernardo occupied the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">215</a></span> fore-hatch. We were too tired to dream of eating anything, and, @@ -9781,19 +9741,19 @@ califate-bushes, of which a few mean specimens grew sparsely on the hillside. It is a desolate place, that northern shore of Argentino.</p> <p>When the sun came out we lay down and slept in its liquid -rays. A little after midday we cooked some <i>fariña</i> with mutton +rays. A little after midday we cooked some <i>fariña</i> with mutton fat and ate it. The gale was still tearing across the water, and we began to count over our resources. We still had the greater part of the ostrich which the hound Moses had killed on the way to the River Santa Cruz, but it was an immature bird, and would provide us with no more than three meagre meals. A couple of -handfuls of <i>fariña</i> were yet in the bottom of the bag, we had a +handfuls of <i>fariña</i> were yet in the bottom of the bag, we had a half-tin of tea and three-parts of a plug of tobacco. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">219</a></span></p> <p>As for Bernardo, he had now been nearly thirty hours without food; indeed, to be accurate, he had been fifty hours without food, -thirty of them in the launch, for we had started work on a <i>maté</i>. +thirty of them in the launch, for we had started work on a <i>maté</i>. If we could have made him hear, he might have attached a line to the life-buoy and floated her off, and we could have sent him back supplies.</p> @@ -9968,7 +9928,7 @@ Indian or Gaucho, reached us; rumours passing from mouth to mouth as they will in a wonderful manner over the most sparsely populated country. The first we heard was a report of war, a real war-scare, such as might have originated from the fertile imagination -of a Haïtian journalist. The Russians were said to be +of a Haïtian journalist. The Russians were said to be marching upon India, and France had joined hands with them against England.</p> @@ -10174,7 +10134,7 @@ of the herd, there were some cows and well-grown calves also, and these last began to proceed very leisurely down a cow-track, which would ultimately lead them on to ground where they might be stalked. I had tied up my horse in a hollow among some bushes -of <i>Leña dura</i>. It was a glorious evening and the shadows stood +of <i>Leña dura</i>. It was a glorious evening and the shadows stood out very distinctly, so much so that from the slightly higher ground I could see with the telescope the movements of the shadows of the bulls. The bases of the mountain were steeped in clear still @@ -10214,7 +10174,7 @@ high, I had to be very careful, but once this spot was passed, coming to the conclusion that as the light was fading so fast the race would probably be to the swift, I hurried. Alas! a deep gully again blocked my way, and it was necessary to make a -détour of about half a mile through breast-high bushes. While +détour of about half a mile through breast-high bushes. While passing amongst the brush much care had, of course, to be exercised to avoid the breaking of twigs or branches, as the herd was not far off. When at last I arrived at the cliff above the spot where the @@ -10428,7 +10388,7 @@ In the last instance the hunter gallops level with his quarry and trusts to his horse to carry him clear of danger in case of accident. As a rule, wild cattle avoid open ground, and if they chance to be away from the cover of the forest keep a -sharp watch. Their hides are worth about £1 more or less +sharp watch. Their hides are worth about £1 more or less when sold in the settlements, a value which is enough to turn every man's hand against them, were there any men in those districts whose hands might be so turned. But the wild cow will long @@ -10445,7 +10405,7 @@ and man—Upright and crawling attitudes—Will allow approach with hors near farms—Easily domesticated—Curious—Shyness of ostrich—Huemul curious and confiding—Instances—Easily rendered timid—Puma cowardly—Attacks upon man—Tame cubs—Cordillera wolf—Very fearless—Instances—Pampa-fox -also fearless, but in less degree—<i>Résumé</i> of evidence. +also fearless, but in less degree—<i>Résumé</i> of evidence. </p> <p>It will be conceded that few subjects have more interest than the @@ -10455,7 +10415,7 @@ for the study of this very important question. In most other districts into which white men have passed for the first time, they have usually been preceded by aborigines, who have made that declaration of war which must invariably be given forth between -men and <i>feræ naturæ</i>. But in Patagonia, when the beat of the +men and <i>feræ naturæ</i>. But in Patagonia, when the beat of the Tehuelches is left behind, there are many places to which one may penetrate where the animals have never before seen man. We here come to a question which is as old as the world—what were @@ -10534,7 +10494,7 @@ fearlessly beside the riders."</p> <p>In contrast to the above I give a record of another meeting with these animals at a later date. I find in my diary on May 13, -1901, written in the <i>cañadon</i> of the River Katarina at the upper +1901, written in the <i>cañadon</i> of the River Katarina at the upper end of the north-west arm of Lake Argentino, as follows:</p> <p>"I saw two herds of guanacos, which were certainly unacquainted @@ -10564,7 +10524,7 @@ relatively little fear but rather curiosity, for the guanaco remained lying down and staring at me as long as I appeared walking towards him.</p> -<p>On yet another occasion in the <i>cañadon</i> of the River Katarina, +<p>On yet another occasion in the <i>cañadon</i> of the River Katarina, the first sight that a herd, seventeen strong, had of us, was when we were on board the launch. They raced up to the bank of the river and stared at us, only darting off ten or twelve paces when @@ -10599,7 +10559,7 @@ one hundred yards.<a name="FNanchor_25" id="FNanchor_25" href="#Footnote_25" cla <p>One day in the October of 1900, when at the farm of Mr. Greenshields at Bahia Camerones, I took a long ride through the -<i>cañadones</i> where the shepherds were wont to pass. Again and +<i>cañadones</i> where the shepherds were wont to pass. Again and again the guanaco herds allowed me to ride up close to them, and I invariably found that a single animal was shyer of approach than a herd.</p> @@ -10610,10 +10570,10 @@ to come behind their human friends rearing and striking them in the back with their knees, which results in a more or less painful fall.</p> <p>Curiosity is a largely developed mental characteristic in the -<i>feræ naturæ</i> of Patagonia. The first and overwhelming impulse +<i>feræ naturæ</i> of Patagonia. The first and overwhelming impulse of nearly all the wild creatures (the ostrich, <i>Rhea darwini</i>, excepted) appeared to be to investigate the aspect and actions of man. -Upon the coast-farms the guanaco, grown <i>blasé</i> by familiarity, will +Upon the coast-farms the guanaco, grown <i>blasé</i> by familiarity, will not take any interest in man's movements unless he indulges in some unusual and fantastic antics, such as lying on his back and kicking his legs in the air. Then an otherwise indifferent herd @@ -10655,7 +10615,7 @@ and advanced steadily towards him. He waited until I was quite close before he sprang away and disappeared from sight up the <i>barranca</i>.</p> -<p>Again in May 1901, being then in the <i>cañadon</i> of the River +<p>Again in May 1901, being then in the <i>cañadon</i> of the River Katarina near Lake Argentino, I saw from the boat what I took to be the horns of a huemul against the background of the low forest. I landed and crossed the swamp in the direction @@ -10681,9 +10641,9 @@ lack of light.</p> <p>But undoubtedly the most remarkable example of the natural tameness of the huemul occurred on May 9. I was in the same -<i>cañadon</i>, and on this occasion had the luck to secure a photograph +<i>cañadon</i>, and on this occasion had the luck to secure a photograph of the doe as she went away. It was about noon that I, -being on my way up the <i>cañadon</i> in a northerly direction, heard +being on my way up the <i>cañadon</i> in a northerly direction, heard a stick break in a thicket near by, and a moment afterwards a huemul buck came into view. Fortunately I had not caught his eye, and he remained looking out from a patch of bushes, @@ -10966,14 +10926,14 @@ in various parts of the Cordillera.</p> <p>1. Huemul (<i>Xenelaphus bisulcus</i>).</p> <p>(<i>Huemul</i> or <i>Guemal</i> of the Argentines and Chilians; <i>Ciervo</i> of -the Gauchos of Southern Patagonia; <i>Shóan</i> of the Tehuelches.)</p> +the Gauchos of Southern Patagonia; <i>Shóan</i> of the Tehuelches.)</p> <p>In the neighbourhood of Lake Buenos Aires this beautiful deer first came under my observation. On the south side of the River de los Antiguos I saw a buck (which I shot), two does and a pricket. I was told by my Gaucho, Humphrey Jones, that the huemul is found in the forests as far north as the Welsh colony of -The 16th October, about lat. 43°; on the south its range extends to +The 16th October, about lat. 43°; on the south its range extends to the Straits of Magellan. The easterly limit of their present habitat may be said to be the foothills of the Andes. Dr. F. P. Moreno, however, states that these animals have been seen in the hills in @@ -11021,7 +10981,7 @@ the pelt of the huemul!</p> Plaaten Hallermund, of the Argentine Boundary Commission, told me he had seen a huemul's head carrying eight points in the neighbourhood of Lake San Martin. One of my <i>peones</i>, Bernardo -Hähansen, who had penetrated into the same district, said he had +Hähansen, who had penetrated into the same district, said he had also seen an eight-pointer. Mr. Cattle and his companions shot two bucks, both of which were four-pointers.</p> @@ -11078,7 +11038,7 @@ huemul's hair lends likelihood to this suggestion.</p> with in Patagonia. The distribution of this animal extends over the entire country. It is to be found in the Cordillera as on the pampas. I came upon tracks of this animal at the end of the -north-west fjord of Lake Argentino about long. 73° 14´, and I also +north-west fjord of Lake Argentino about long. 73° 14´, and I also saw a puma at the south-western extremity of that lake.</p> <p>Evidence of their existence accompanied the whole itinerary of @@ -11192,7 +11152,7 @@ guanacos. They may be met within a few hours' ride of any settlement. The range of the guanaco extends all over the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">254</a></span> plains of Patagonia. In my experience they were most numerous -in the <i>Cañadon</i> Davis, in the neighbourhood of Bahia Camerones, +in the <i>Cañadon</i> Davis, in the neighbourhood of Bahia Camerones, and on the high basaltic tablelands to the south of Lake Buenos Aires. At the base of the Cordillera and @@ -11231,7 +11191,7 @@ Certain it is that they are remarkably numerous near the banks of the river (Santa Cruz), but not so elsewhere." It is true that, although one comes upon skeletons of these animals upon the pampas, they are not crowded together as they are in the -<i>cañadones</i> of the rivers or by the lakes near water. At the edge +<i>cañadones</i> of the rivers or by the lakes near water. At the edge of a lagoon at the eastern end of Mystery Plain I saw a great number of skeletons in one place, possibly the very ones noted by <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">255</a></span> @@ -11328,7 +11288,7 @@ Tehuelches.)</p> <p>The River Deseado forms the southern limit of the distribution of the Patagonian cavy. In 1833 Darwin writes concerning this animal, "They are found as far north as the Sierra Tapalguen -(lat. 37° 30´), and their southern limit is between Port Desire and +(lat. 37° 30´), and their southern limit is between Port Desire and San Julian, where there is no change in the nature of the country." As far as my experience goes, I never observed a cavy after October 23, upon which day I counted fourteen upon the pampa @@ -11338,7 +11298,7 @@ southern limit of the distribution of the cavy. It is, of course, impossible to lay down an exact line, but I think it safe to say that the range of the cavy does not extend south of the 46th parallel. This limit is the more remarkable inasmuch as the country south -of lat. 46° does not in any way materially differ from that over +of lat. 46° does not in any way materially differ from that over which the cavy is commonly to be met with. One most often finds these animals on patches of dry mud. They are comparatively easy to stalk, as easy as an English rabbit. The best method of shooting @@ -11373,7 +11333,7 @@ saw no specimen in the forests of the Andes, but near Lake Buenos Aires and Lake Viedma we found them about the foothills.</p> <p>No. 7. The Grey or Pampa Fox; <i>Zorro</i> of the Argentines; -<i>Paltñ</i> of the Tehuelches.</p> +<i>Paltñ</i> of the Tehuelches.</p> <p>To the east of the Andes, the pampa fox is to be met with practically everywhere. There are two varieties of foxes upon @@ -11479,7 +11439,7 @@ Hellgate—Squall—Sunshine—Scenery—Icebergs—Danger-d of life on banks—West channel of North Fjord—Events of voyage—Giant's Glacier—Camera—Second glacier—Deep water—End of west channel—Return to North Fjord—Icebergs—In difficulties with launch—Escape from -a reef—Land on peninsula—Guanaco—Fish—Fish and fariña—Heavy gales—Photographs—One +a reef—Land on peninsula—Guanaco—Fish—Fish and fariña—Heavy gales—Photographs—One more attempt to go up North Fjord—Driftwood—Driven back—Return to Cow Monte Harbour—South Fjord—Storms—Mount Avellaneda—Small fjord—Trouble with launch—Squalls—Launch driven @@ -11538,7 +11498,7 @@ where I was sleeping, took in water. It needed little waking, therefore, to get me out in the morning. The false dawn was still lingering in the sky when the wind fell and we were off in double quick time, heading in a northerly direction, and steering -by a clump of <i>Leña dura</i> bushes on a promontory, behind which +by a clump of <i>Leña dura</i> bushes on a promontory, behind which lay Hellgate.</p> <p>The swell of the previous night was yet big upon the water, @@ -11553,7 +11513,7 @@ stranded upon the shallows of the eastern shore.</p> <p>After running through the black throat of Hellgate we put in, beneath a big rock, in order to take shelter from the squall -that was fast coming down upon us. We had started on a <i>maté</i>, +that was fast coming down upon us. We had started on a <i>maté</i>, and so, while we waited, a roast was got under way. As we were eating, the squall that had brooded so ominously in the west broke over the lake, and after raging for a few minutes passed with a @@ -11658,10 +11618,10 @@ at him, but this had no effect until I hit him with a small twig, which made him growl. Finally he took refuge in a bush.</p> <p>It was while at this camp that we cut for the first time some -<i>Leña dura</i> as firing for the launch. It proved better than califate +<i>Leña dura</i> as firing for the launch. It proved better than califate and gave at least three times the amount of heat to be had from -<i>roblé</i>-wood. Afterwards, whenever possible, we burned no other -fuel than <i>Leña dura</i>.</p> +<i>roblé</i>-wood. Afterwards, whenever possible, we burned no other +fuel than <i>Leña dura</i>.</p> <p>The following is from my diary:</p> @@ -11799,7 +11759,7 @@ lagoon, into which flowed a little stream that wound away out of sight through a thin belt of forest over land comparatively flat. This peninsula carried a light soil and good grass, but bore the appearance of a spot that the winter would strike with -peculiar severity. The wood was all <i>roblé</i> and <i>Leña dura</i> and +peculiar severity. The wood was all <i>roblé</i> and <i>Leña dura</i> and the scrub included califate-bushes, from which last, however, the purple berries had long since departed, much to our sorrow. Huemules, guanacos, pumas, and the red fox gave evident signs @@ -11807,20 +11767,20 @@ of their presence. I observed a pigmy owl (<i>Glaucidium nanum</i>) and several caranchos. In the evening, when speaking upon the subject, Cattle informed me that several kinds of fish were to be found in Lake Argentino. Often as we used to make our meal -of fish and fariña (a compound in the concoction of which for +of fish and fariña (a compound in the concoction of which for good or evil Bernardo stood alone), I used to regret my inability to bring back specimens of the fish from this lake, but I had no means of preserving them.</p> -<p>"Fish and fariña," indeed, became a standing joke with us. +<p>"Fish and fariña," indeed, became a standing joke with us. We might threaten to blow each other up by the agency of the launch's peculiar engines, and the threats would pass as nothing; but the expressed intention of any one of us who proposed to go and catch fish with a view to preparing a meal of "fish and -fariña" soon became too much for the strongest and bravest +fariña" soon became too much for the strongest and bravest among us. As a matter of fact, the fish was far from tempting, having a muddy flavour and being full of small bones, which -mixed themselves up inextricably with the fariña.<a name="FNanchor_28" id="FNanchor_28" href="#Footnote_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a></p> +mixed themselves up inextricably with the fariña.<a name="FNanchor_28" id="FNanchor_28" href="#Footnote_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a></p> <p>That night shut down with a gale and much rain. The trees groaned, and one close to us was blown down. It was with a @@ -12133,7 +12093,7 @@ which I find scribbled upon a page of my diary:</p> <p class="center">Through illimitable Forests!!!!!</p> <hr class="l15" /> <p>Ladies and gentlemen desiring to make this unique trip should communicate <i>at once</i> -with the Secretary, Herr Bernardo Hähansen.</p> +with the Secretary, Herr Bernardo Hähansen.</p> <p class="center">Unequalled Scenery!!!<span class="i4">Horse Exercise!!!</span></p> @@ -12147,13 +12107,13 @@ passengers.</p> <p class="center">WRITE EARLY.</p> <p>Applications are pouring in. Only a limited number of passengers can be accommodated. -Don't be one of the disappointed! You pay £500. We do the rest!!!!!!!</p> +Don't be one of the disappointed! You pay £500. We do the rest!!!!!!!</p> <p><i>N.B.</i>—The cultured conversation of the Chief Engineer free of charge. (Gratuities regarded merely as a graceful compliment.)</p> <p>Passengers are expected to insure their lives in favour of the Company for sums of -not less than £1000 each with respectable Insurance Companies.</p> +not less than £1000 each with respectable Insurance Companies.</p> <hr class="l15" /> <p>The engagement of picturesque heathen camp-servants will be made a special study by the Company.</p> @@ -12207,7 +12167,7 @@ lake. I named it the River Katarina.</p> <p>We camped at this point and began at once to explore the valley of the river. It flowed over a stony bed, presenting much -the appearance of a large Scotch trout-stream. The <i>cañadon</i> +the appearance of a large Scotch trout-stream. The <i>cañadon</i> through which it passed was very wide, and the stream wound greatly. At the time of our visit the river was very shallow, and there was not water enough to float the launch, in fact a stone @@ -12238,7 +12198,7 @@ This we did a day or two later.</p> <p>Our camping-ground on the bank of the Katarina was among high and rather coarse grass, which would have made excellent feed for horses, but I should not think it possible to keep horses in -that <i>cañadon</i>, as, being encircled by hills, the sun would seldom +that <i>cañadon</i>, as, being encircled by hills, the sun would seldom reach it during the winter. There were many patches of wood, composed of rather stunted trees, but it was difficult to penetrate among them, their trunks grew so close together. A certain @@ -12278,7 +12238,7 @@ within their ken.</p> <div class="figcenter"><a name="i_381" id="i_381"></a> <img src="images/i_381.jpg" width="550" height="378" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><i>CAÑADON</i> OF THE RIVER KATARINA</p> +<p class="caption"><i>CAÑADON</i> OF THE RIVER KATARINA</p> </div> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">282</a></span></p> @@ -12318,7 +12278,7 @@ contained brackish water, and I fancy the whole depression in which they lie is flooded in the spring.</p> <p>On this day Cattle and I, from the top of a hillock, descried -what we took to be water in the north end of the <i>cañadon</i>. This +what we took to be water in the north end of the <i>cañadon</i>. This was our first sight of the lake the shores of which I afterwards reached.</p> @@ -12347,7 +12307,7 @@ made a tolerable hut.</p> did not shoot much. There can be little question that, had Patagonia been a country rich in trophies, its less remote valleys would long ago have known the crack of the rifle. Fortunately for -its <i>feræ naturæ</i>, the small horns of <i>Xenelaphus bisulcus</i> do not +its <i>feræ naturæ</i>, the small horns of <i>Xenelaphus bisulcus</i> do not offer sufficient attraction. There is no sport on earth finer than big-game shooting in moderation, but in all parts of the world I should like to see a universal law prohibiting any one sportsman @@ -12371,7 +12331,7 @@ to take the boat farther. Cattle stayed with Bernardo, to look after him, while I went on up the valley along the banks of the Katarina.</p> -<p>There can be little doubt that all the <i>cañadon</i> of this river +<p>There can be little doubt that all the <i>cañadon</i> of this river formed at one time part of Lake Argentino, and that the hills in the valley were merely small islands in the same. One of the most interesting facts in connection with Lake Argentino is the @@ -12397,7 +12357,7 @@ to discover.</p> <p class="caption">THE LAST REACH</p> </div> -<p>The features of the <i>cañadon</i> of the Katarina changed but little +<p>The features of the <i>cañadon</i> of the Katarina changed but little <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">285</a></span> as I walked on deeper into it. I saw two huemul bucks, one accompanied by two, the other by three does; I also saw some guanacos. @@ -12461,7 +12421,7 @@ of our course. Thus we had a following sea right up to the cliffs of Hellgate. In one place a big iceberg had stranded beneath the cliffs.</p> -<p>We landed under the bluffs of Hellgate and lit a fire of <i>Leña +<p>We landed under the bluffs of Hellgate and lit a fire of <i>Leña dura</i>, which roared and crackled in the dusk, lighting up the gloom of Hellgate with red light. Later we ran across safely to our anchorage off the Burmeister Peninsula. @@ -12508,16 +12468,16 @@ grounds. An Indian trader, accompanied by a few tents of Indians, had taken up quarters near the River Califate, a spot formerly inhabited by wildfowl only. For three days we followed the shore of the lake, but then our way led us up on to the high pampa, where -we made our camp in a bushless <i>cañadon</i> beside a rocky pool. By +we made our camp in a bushless <i>cañadon</i> beside a rocky pool. By this time the horses were beginning to lose their tricks, but at the outset they would hardly allow themselves to be caught, and they -wandered every night. The <i>cañadon</i> was clear of snow, but the +wandered every night. The <i>cañadon</i> was clear of snow, but the sky was heavy with the promise of it. We hoped most heartily that it would give us two more days' grace before it fell.</p> -<p>The next day we followed the <i>cañadon</i>, which was a shallow +<p>The next day we followed the <i>cañadon</i>, which was a shallow depression running south-west. There was no fuel to be found -but the thin roots of the dark bush known as <i>maté negra</i>. The +but the thin roots of the dark bush known as <i>maté negra</i>. The early frosts made travelling difficult, as it was necessary to off-saddle early, that the horses might not be turned out sweating into the cold. We covered sixty miles, changing horses three times, @@ -12542,7 +12502,7 @@ and bulged with snow-clouds, while the sinking sun glowed like a red-hot cannon ball on the rim of the pampa. Against this curtain of colour were set the brown tents of guanaco-skin. In one of these a small fire was burning with little flames about an old meat -tin in which water was being boiled for <i>maté</i>. Around the women +tin in which water was being boiled for <i>maté</i>. Around the women <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">289</a></span> sat in silence—saving only the fat spokeswoman—inert and apparently content; occasionally one would grunt or shift the child at @@ -12559,7 +12519,7 @@ immediately above it, but, remembering our experiences near Santa Cruz, I resolved to sleep in no <i>boliche</i> until we reached Gallegos.</p> -<p>The <i>cañadon</i> of the Coyly was fenced at intervals, the grass +<p>The <i>cañadon</i> of the Coyly was fenced at intervals, the grass eaten close to the ground by many sheep. Thousands of wild geese clamoured on the banks of the river. In this river valley we made our last camp in Patagonia. There was no wood for @@ -12751,9 +12711,9 @@ means at least three weeks of travel. To go and come from the farm to the coast would thus take up about two months of a <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">295</a></span> farmer's time. <i>Peones</i> are necessary to look after the carts, and -their wage is at least £5 a month and their keep. Then carts not +their wage is at least £5 a month and their keep. Then carts not infrequently break down upon the rough surfaces of the pampas -and in the <i>cañadones</i>, hence more delay. Even when the port is +and in the <i>cañadones</i>, hence more delay. Even when the port is reached difficulties have to be surmounted, for none of them, with the exception of Punta Arenas, are served by any steamship lines. This was so at the time of my being in Patagonia last year @@ -12823,7 +12783,7 @@ which might be made use of in this connection.</p> at present undeveloped land; that it cries aloud to railway enterprise to become its salvation. Nevertheless, it is even now a good country for the man ready and able to work. A capable man will -make £6 a month and his keep, but he must know the work +make £6 a month and his keep, but he must know the work required of him; a considerable time has to be spent in learning the skilled labour of camp life, and very hard labour that sometimes is. An emigrant does not consequently find it so easy to get employment. @@ -13011,7 +12971,7 @@ Cove and afterwards broken up.</p> <p>As already stated, the skin here presented to you formed but a small part of a larger one. One small piece had been carried off by Dr. Otto -Nordenskjöld, and others by officers of the Chilian Navy, who later on +Nordenskjöld, and others by officers of the Chilian Navy, who later on had visited the spot. The inhabitants of the locality looked upon it as an interesting curiosity, some of them believing that it was the hide of a cow incrusted with pebbles, and others asserting that it was the skin of a @@ -13019,18 +12979,18 @@ large Seal belonging to a hitherto unknown species.</p> <p>In Consuelo Cove, I embarked on board a small Argentine transport, which had been placed at my disposal to carry out the study of the -western coast as far as Port Montt, in lat. 42°. At this latter place +western coast as far as Port Montt, in lat. 42°. At this latter place I left the steamer, which then proceeded to make a series of surveys. These lasted until her return to La Plata, at the latter end of July 1898, when she brought back to me the fragment of skin in question.</p> <p>This is an accurate and true version of the discovery of this skin, -which gave rise to the publication of Señor Ameghino's small pamphlet,<a name="FNanchor_33" id="FNanchor_33" href="#Footnote_33" class="fnanchor">[33]</a> +which gave rise to the publication of Señor Ameghino's small pamphlet,<a name="FNanchor_33" id="FNanchor_33" href="#Footnote_33" class="fnanchor">[33]</a> in which he gave an account of the discovery of a living representative of the "Gravigrades" of Argentina, distinguishing it by the name of "<i>Neomylodon listai</i>".</p> -<p>I have an idea that Señor Ameghino never saw the skin itself, but +<p>I have an idea that Señor Ameghino never saw the skin itself, but only some of the small incrusted bones, of which he had obtained possession. The vague form in which he draws up his account compels me to believe this suspicion to be true.</p> @@ -13056,7 +13016,7 @@ carapace.</p> <p>Ancient chroniclers inform us that the indigenous inhabitants recorded the existence of a strange, ugly, huge hairy animal which had its abode in -the Cordillera to the south of lat. 37°. The Tehuelches and the Gennakens +the Cordillera to the south of lat. 37°. The Tehuelches and the Gennakens have mentioned similar animals to me, of whose existence their ancestors had transmitted the remembrance; and in the neighbourhood of the Rio Negro, the aged cacique Sinchel, in 1875, pointed out to me @@ -13064,10 +13024,10 @@ a cave, the supposed lair of one of these monsters, called "Ellengassen"; but I must add that none of the many Indians with whom I have conversed in Patagonia have ever referred to the actual existence of animals to which we can attribute the skin in question, nor even of any which -answer to the suppositions of Señor Ameghino according to Señor Lista. +answer to the suppositions of Señor Ameghino according to Señor Lista. It is but rarely that a few Otters (<i>Lutra</i>) are found in the lakes and rivers of the Andes, as in the neighbourhood of Lake Argentino, in the -"Sierra de las Viscachas," and in the regions which I believe Señor Lista +"Sierra de las Viscachas," and in the regions which I believe Señor Lista visited, there are only a few scarce Chinchillas (<i>Lagidium</i>), which have a colouring more dark greyish than those found to the north, and are in every case separated from these by a large extent of country.</p> @@ -13184,12 +13144,12 @@ much more wrinkled than elsewhere.</p> <div class="figcenter"><a name="i_408" id="i_408"></a> <img src="images/i_408.jpg" width="550" height="507" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">SKIN OF GRYPOTHERIUM, OUTER VIEW. ¼ nat. size.</p> +<p class="caption">SKIN OF GRYPOTHERIUM, OUTER VIEW. ¼ nat. size.</p> </div> <div class="figcenter"><a name="i_409" id="i_409"></a> <img src="images/i_409.jpg" width="550" height="540" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">SKIN OF GRYPOTHERIUM, INNER VIEW. ¼ nat. size.</p> +<p class="caption">SKIN OF GRYPOTHERIUM, INNER VIEW. ¼ nat. size.</p> </div> <p>As already mentioned, the outer aspect of the skin is completely @@ -13262,15 +13222,15 @@ Occasionally, but not at all points, the fibres in this peripheral area may be observed to radiate regularly outwards. Numerous small vascular canals, frequently branching, are cut in various directions; and the bony tissue, which is developed in every part of the ossicle, exhibits -abundant lacunæ. Nearly everywhere, except in the narrow peripheral -area just mentioned, it is easy to recognise the bony laminæ -arranged in Haversian systems round the canals; and most of the lacunæ -between these laminæ are excessively elongated, with very numerous +abundant lacunæ. Nearly everywhere, except in the narrow peripheral +area just mentioned, it is easy to recognise the bony laminæ +arranged in Haversian systems round the canals; and most of the lacunæ +between these laminæ are excessively elongated, with very numerous branching canaliculi, which extend at right angles to their longer axis. Near the margin of the ossicle, especially in its more translucent parts, the -bone-lacunæ are less elongated, more irregular in shape, and apparently +bone-lacunæ are less elongated, more irregular in shape, and apparently not arranged in any definite order. There is no clear evidence of -bony laminæ concentric with the outer margin, though appearances +bony laminæ concentric with the outer margin, though appearances are sometimes suggestive of this arrangement. A vertical section of an ossicle presents exactly the same features as the horizontal section now described. It is thus evident that the vascular canals with their Haversian @@ -13314,7 +13274,7 @@ described by Milne-Edwards under the name of <i>Scleropleura bruneti</i><a name= the bony plates and tubercles are still covered only by epidermis, although most of them are reduced to small nodules and might well have sunk more deeply into the abnormally hairy skin. There is also reason to -believe that in the gigantic extinct Armadillos of the family Glyptodontidæ +believe that in the gigantic extinct Armadillos of the family Glyptodontidæ the same arrangement of dermal structures prevailed; for one specimen of <i>Panochthus tuberculatus</i> obtained by Dr. Moreno for the La Plata Museum actually shows the dried horny epidermis in direct contact with @@ -13322,7 +13282,7 @@ the underlying bone, and seems to prove that the numerous perforations in the Glyptodont dermal armour were not for the implantation of hairs (as once supposed), but for the passage of blood-vessels to the base of the epidermal layer. Similarly, among the extinct Ground-Sloths of the -family Mylodontidæ dermal ossicles have been found with the remains of +family Mylodontidæ dermal ossicles have been found with the remains of <i>Cœlodon</i><a name="FNanchor_35" id="FNanchor_35" href="#Footnote_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a> and various forms (perhaps different subgenera) of <i>Mylodon</i>; but the only examples of this armour yet definitely described<a name="FNanchor_36" id="FNanchor_36" href="#Footnote_36" class="fnanchor">[36]</a> exhibit a conspicuously sculptured outer flattened face, and it thus seems clear that @@ -13373,17 +13333,17 @@ radial disposition, nearly everywhere extending in bundles at right angles to the border. Rather large vascular canals, infiltrated with the oxides of iron and manganese, are observed in places, often bifurcated and usually bordered by a transparent zone free from the connective-tissue fibres. -Well-developed bone-lacunæ are very abundant, many exhibiting short +Well-developed bone-lacunæ are very abundant, many exhibiting short branching canaliculi, and most of the others very irregular in shape, evidently furnished with canaliculi which cannot be seen from lack of -infiltration. The lacunæ are never much elongated, and are not arranged +infiltration. The lacunæ are never much elongated, and are not arranged in distinctly differentiated Haversian systems in any part of the section; -while the only regular disposition of the bony laminæ is traceable near -the circumference, where the lacunæ are frequently arranged or clustered +while the only regular disposition of the bony laminæ is traceable near +the circumference, where the lacunæ are frequently arranged or clustered in parallel zones concentric with the border. A vertical section of one of the same specimens shows the connective-tissue fibres radiating outwards towards the lateral margins, but not directly towards the upper -sculptured face. There are no bony laminæ clearly parallel with the +sculptured face. There are no bony laminæ clearly parallel with the latter face, and at least one vascular canal in transverse section seems to be the centre of a Haversian system.</p> @@ -13490,12 +13450,12 @@ by the addition of a considerable extent of bone round their margins, or by the special development of smaller intervening ossicles.</p> <p>Since the paper was read, I have had the privilege of studying Dr. -Einar Lönnberg's valuable description of the pieces of the problematical +Einar Lönnberg's valuable description of the pieces of the problematical skin mentioned by Dr. Moreno as having been taken to Upsala by Dr. -Otto Nordenskjöld.<a name="FNanchor_38" id="FNanchor_38" href="#Footnote_38" class="fnanchor">[38]</a> It appears that with the skin was found the +Otto Nordenskjöld.<a name="FNanchor_38" id="FNanchor_38" href="#Footnote_38" class="fnanchor">[38]</a> It appears that with the skin was found the epidermal sheath of a large unknown claw, which may have belonged to the same animal. This specimen proves to be different from that of any -existing Sloth, Anteater, or Armadillo, and is considered by Dr. Lönnberg +existing Sloth, Anteater, or Armadillo, and is considered by Dr. Lönnberg to belong probably to the hind foot of a Mylodont, which did not walk on the exterior, lateral surfaces of the toes to the same extent as <i>Mylodon</i>. In a section of the skin provisionally ascribed to the leg, he observes that @@ -13509,7 +13469,7 @@ cellules" in <i>Mylodon</i> are the dendritic infiltrations of oxide of manganes and stains of oxide of iron, to which I have made special reference. His observations as to the absence of a medulla in the hair confirm my own; but I have not seen any evidence of the suspected loss or disintegration -of the hair-cuticle. Finally, Dr. Lönnberg has boiled a piece of the skin, +of the hair-cuticle. Finally, Dr. Lönnberg has boiled a piece of the skin, thereby extracting glue, "which proves that the collagen and gelatinous substances are perfectly preserved." The latter observation confirms the evidence of the serum recorded above, and indicates that if the specimen @@ -13549,7 +13509,7 @@ of Buenos Aires.<a name="FNanchor_41" id="FNanchor_41" href="#Footnote_41" class examining distinctly supports his contention that the large quadruped in question belongs to an extinct fauna, though contemporary with man. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">316</a></span> -The discovery is thus unique in the history of palæontology, on account +The discovery is thus unique in the history of palæontology, on account of the remarkably fresh state of preservation of all the remains. Some of the new specimens exhibit no indication whatever of having been buried. Many of the bones retain their original whitish colour, apparently without @@ -13587,7 +13547,7 @@ animal than is indicated by any other specimen in the collection.</p> <p>Remains of three individuals are thus recognisable with certainty; two others can probably be distinguished; while some of the fragments may even belong to a sixth specimen. It must also be noted that other -portions of jaws are said to have been discovered by E. Nordenskjöld.<a name="FNanchor_42" id="FNanchor_42" href="#Footnote_42" class="fnanchor">[42]</a> +portions of jaws are said to have been discovered by E. Nordenskjöld.<a name="FNanchor_42" id="FNanchor_42" href="#Footnote_42" class="fnanchor">[42]</a> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">317</a></span></p> <p class="center"><i>Skull and Mandible.</i></p> @@ -13619,7 +13579,7 @@ basi-sphenoid is very long and narrow, flattened mesially on its lower face, but with one slight median prominence near its hinder end; the pre-sphenoid forms a short acute rostrum, above which there are remains of the vomer. The hinder ends of the pterygoids are shown to be -inflated with large cancellæ, but the sides of the base of the skull are +inflated with large cancellæ, but the sides of the base of the skull are somewhat obscured by the dried soft parts. The mastoid process of the periotic, with its articular facette for the stylohyal, seems to be rather smaller than in <i>Mylodon</i>. The tympanic bone is preserved on the right @@ -13652,7 +13612,7 @@ position in the nasal region. It is thus of great interest, because the three known skulls of <i>Grypotherium</i> leave the precise nature of the bony arcade separating the narial openings undecided. According to Reinhardt, the nasal bones terminate as in <i>Mylodon</i>, and the arcade -is an element interposed between them and the premaxillæ. According +is an element interposed between them and the premaxillæ. According to Burmeister, the nasals themselves extend forwards and constitute the greater part, if not the whole, of the problematical bar. The fragment now under consideration is clearly in favour of the latter interpretation. @@ -13666,7 +13626,7 @@ been broken, and are not quite bilaterally symmetrical. They doubtless fuse at their lower end with the problematical azygous bone already mentioned, but the arrangement is obscured by the enveloping soft parts. A pair of bones, which may be regarded as nasals, thus extend forwards -in a narrow arch to a point just above the anterior end of the premaxillæ; +in a narrow arch to a point just above the anterior end of the premaxillæ; while the massive bone effecting a union between the two normal pairs of elements is probably an ossification in the internasal septum. It is interesting to note that there is an incipient trace of a similar forward @@ -13787,9 +13747,9 @@ those of <i>Myrmecophaga</i>, in which the malleus is less sharply bent, the incus has divergent arms of unequal length, and the stapes exhibits a large perforation.<a name="FNanchor_49" id="FNanchor_49" href="#Footnote_49" class="fnanchor">[49]</a></p> -<p class="center"><i>Vertebræ and Limb-bones.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Vertebræ and Limb-bones.</i></p> -<p>Nearly all the remains of vertebræ and limb-bones are in the same +<p>Nearly all the remains of vertebræ and limb-bones are in the same state of preservation as the portions of skull and mandible already described, with adherent cartilage and traces of muscles and ligaments. With some of the ungual phalanges there are also well-preserved examples @@ -13914,7 +13874,7 @@ by man.</p> <p>The fortunate discovery of all parts of the skull and dentition renders the generic determination of this Ground-Sloth now quite certain. The -teeth show that it belongs to the family Mylodontidæ; the presence +teeth show that it belongs to the family Mylodontidæ; the presence of only four instead of five upper molars separates it from the genera <i>Mylodon</i>, <i>Lestodon</i>, and <i>Scelidotherium</i>; the forward production of the nasals and the ossification of part of the internarial septum place it @@ -13964,7 +13924,7 @@ name was given by Ameghino to a fragment of the first-discovered piece of skin, and the curious argument which leads Roth to propose the substitution of a new name for it does not affect its validity.</p> -<p>It may be added that Dr. Erland Nordenskjöld has recently compared +<p>It may be added that Dr. Erland Nordenskjöld has recently compared his specimens from the Patagonian cavern with the skull of <i>Grypotherium darwini</i> at Copenhagen, and finds no specific difference.<a name="FNanchor_55" id="FNanchor_55" href="#Footnote_55" class="fnanchor">[55]</a> No particulars however, have yet been published.</p> @@ -13982,7 +13942,7 @@ state of preservation as those of <i>Grypotherium</i>.</p> <p>Careful comparison of these bones shows that they are undoubtedly feline; and there is no difficulty in determining that they belong to <i>Felis</i> -rather than to the extinct <i>Machærodus</i>. A humerus of <i>M. neogæus</i>, from a +rather than to the extinct <i>Machærodus</i>. A humerus of <i>M. neogæus</i>, from a Brazilian cavern, now in the British Museum (No. 18972 <i>b</i>), is readily <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_326" id="Page_326">326</a></span> distinguished from the new Patagonian humerus by the remarkable lateral @@ -14010,13 +13970,13 @@ Aires.<a name="FNanchor_57" id="FNanchor_57" href="#Footnote_57" class="fnanchor <p>With the bones of <i>Felis</i> just noticed, Roth provisionally associates the imperfect distal end of a remarkably large right femur. He is thus induced to suppose that the carnivore represented by the fragments -will prove to be a new genus and species of the Felidæ. He suggests +will prove to be a new genus and species of the Felidæ. He suggests for it the name of <i>Iemisch listai</i>, on the assumption that it is the mysterious quadruped which Ameghino states is known to the natives as the Iemisch.</p> <p>A comparison of the distal end of the femur in question with the femora -of Felidæ in the British Museum seems to prove conclusively that it +of Felidæ in the British Museum seems to prove conclusively that it cannot be referred even to the same family. Its width across the condyles is much greater, compared with its antero-posterior diameter, than that observed in any feline. Moreover, the pit for the tendon of the popliteus @@ -14087,7 +14047,7 @@ fossil. A slightly larger extinct species of the same genus has been described by Ameghino on the evidence of a skull from the Pampean formation near Lujan, in the Province of Buenos Aires.<a name="FNanchor_62" id="FNanchor_62" href="#Footnote_62" class="fnanchor">[62]</a></p> -<p>A cranium, some vertebræ, and a tibia and fibula appear to represent +<p>A cranium, some vertebræ, and a tibia and fibula appear to represent the existing <i>Ctenomys magellanicus</i>, as noted by Roth.</p> <p>The remains of the Guanaco (<i>Lama huanacos</i>) do not present any @@ -14106,7 +14066,7 @@ extinct fauna which occurs in the Pampean formation of more northern regions. To this category are referable the genera <i>Grypotherium</i>, <i>Onohippidium</i>, <i>Megamys</i>, and <i>Arctotherium</i>; also <i>Macrauchenia</i>, which is said to have been discovered in the same deposit on the floor of the cave by -Dr. E. Nordenskjöld. The large <i>Felis</i> likewise probably belongs to the +Dr. E. Nordenskjöld. The large <i>Felis</i> likewise probably belongs to the same series. Remains of mammals of the existing fauna, on the other hand, are comparatively few and insignificant, referable to the genera <i>Ctenomys</i>, <i>Cervus</i>, <i>Lama</i>, <i>Lyncodon</i>, and <i>Felis</i>.</p> @@ -14115,7 +14075,7 @@ hand, are comparatively few and insignificant, referable to the genera <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">329</a></span></p> <p>Although Dr. Hauthal's explorations were rather hurried and Dr. -Nordenskjöld's results have only been published hitherto in abstract,<a name="FNanchor_63" id="FNanchor_63" href="#Footnote_63" class="fnanchor">[63]</a> +Nordenskjöld's results have only been published hitherto in abstract,<a name="FNanchor_63" id="FNanchor_63" href="#Footnote_63" class="fnanchor">[63]</a> their account of the deposits on the floor of the cavern seem to confirm the suspicion that the remains of these two faunas were introduced at two successive periods. According to Hauthal, the remains of the Guanaco @@ -14124,7 +14084,7 @@ branches of trees, and dried leaves, in the superficial dust of the cavern near the outer wall. The skin of <i>Grypotherium</i> and all the other remains of this and the associated Pampean genera were discovered in the deeper layer of excrement and cut hay between the mound and the inner wall of -the cavern. According to Nordenskjöld, three distinct strata can be +the cavern. According to Nordenskjöld, three distinct strata can be recognised on the floor of the cavern as follows:</p> <div class="blockquot"> @@ -14186,7 +14146,7 @@ adduced tales which Carlos Ameghino had gathered from the Indians, who roam the pampas, of a vast mysterious beast said by them to haunt the distant lagoons and forests of the unexplored regions near the Andes. These stories had, moreover, been confirmed in Dr. Ameghino's opinion by -the experience of the late well-known geographer and traveller, Señor +the experience of the late well-known geographer and traveller, Señor Ramon Lista, who verbally told both Dr. Ameghino and his brother that he had seen and fired at a mysterious creature, which, however, disappeared in the brushwood and could not afterwards be traced. He described it as @@ -14339,10 +14299,10 @@ unlike any known form of puma, and appears certainly to represent a new sub-species.</p> <p>Dr. Matschie has already shown<a name="FNanchor_66" id="FNanchor_66" href="#Footnote_66" class="fnanchor">[66]</a> that the red puma of the tropics -to which he restricts the name <i>Felis concolor</i>, is replaced south of 25° S. +to which he restricts the name <i>Felis concolor</i>, is replaced south of 25° S. lat. by the silver-grey form for which Molina's name, <i>F. puma</i>, is used.</p> -<p>Now, again, south of about 44° S. lat., there proves to be another +<p>Now, again, south of about 44° S. lat., there proves to be another form, represented in the British Museum not only by Mr. Prichard's skin from Santa Cruz, but by a second much younger specimen from the Rio Senguerr. Both show the same characteristics, and are equally different @@ -14467,7 +14427,7 @@ A. B. Rendle, M.A., D.Sc.</span></span></h2> <td>Low slopes of mountains, beach lake and sheltered pampa.</td> </tr> <tr> -<td>Calandrinia cæspitosa, Gill.</td> +<td>Calandrinia cæspitosa, Gill.</td> <td>Top of hills among stones.</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -14527,15 +14487,15 @@ A. B. Rendle, M.A., D.Sc.</span></span></h2> <td>Slopes of Punta Bandera.</td> </tr> <tr> -<td>Acæna adscendens, Vahl.</td> +<td>Acæna adscendens, Vahl.</td> <td>By springs and streams.</td> </tr> <tr> -<td> Acæna cuneata, Hook. & Arn.</td> +<td> Acæna cuneata, Hook. & Arn.</td> <td>Low sandy soil.</td> </tr> <tr> -<td> Acæna sp. <i>aff.</i> multifida, Hook. fil.</td> +<td> Acæna sp. <i>aff.</i> multifida, Hook. fil.</td> <td>Pampa slopes and low slopes.</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -14684,15 +14644,15 @@ A. B. Rendle, M.A., D.Sc.</span></span></h2> <td>High slopes of mountains.</td> </tr> <tr> -<td>Chabræa purpurea, DC.</td> +<td>Chabræa purpurea, DC.</td> <td>Pampa and high slopes of mountains.</td> </tr> <tr> -<td> Chabræa multifida, DC.</td> +<td> Chabræa multifida, DC.</td> <td>Low slopes of mountains.</td> </tr> <tr> -<td> Chabræa sp.</td> +<td> Chabræa sp.</td> <td>East slope of Mount Frias.</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -14712,7 +14672,7 @@ A. B. Rendle, M.A., D.Sc.</span></span></h2> <td>Beaches and mud flats.</td> </tr> <tr> -<td>Nassauvia, pygmæa, Hook. fil.</td> +<td>Nassauvia, pygmæa, Hook. fil.</td> <td>Top of mountains.</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -14788,7 +14748,7 @@ A. B. Rendle, M.A., D.Sc.</span></span></h2> <td>Pampa.</td> </tr> <tr> -<td>Scutellaria nummulariæfolia, Hook. fil.</td> +<td>Scutellaria nummulariæfolia, Hook. fil.</td> <td>Shingle beach.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_339" id="Page_339">339</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -14843,7 +14803,7 @@ A. B. Rendle, M.A., D.Sc.</span></span></h2> <td>Grassy top of mountain.</td> </tr> <tr> -<td>Chloræa magellanica, Hook. fil.</td> +<td>Chloræa magellanica, Hook. fil.</td> <td>Slopes of Mount Buenos Aires.</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -14967,7 +14927,7 @@ animals.</li> <li><i>Boliche</i>, a small drinking-store.</li> <li><i>Bombilla</i>, a metal tube for sucking the tea -from the <i>maté</i> cup.</li> +from the <i>maté</i> cup.</li> <li><i>Bozal</i>, a halter.</li> @@ -14977,7 +14937,7 @@ the Spanish word <i>cabestro</i>.</li> <li><i>Cacique</i>, an Indian chief or leader.</li> -<li><i>Cañadon</i>, a dale or dip of low land between +<li><i>Cañadon</i>, a dale or dip of low land between stretches of high land.</li> <li><i>Capa</i>, a cape or cloak.</li> @@ -15003,7 +14963,7 @@ with a reddish tinge.</li> <li><i>China</i>, Indian woman; also a native Criska woman.</li> -<li><i>Chiripá</i>, a loin-cloth the size of a <i>poncho</i>, +<li><i>Chiripá</i>, a loin-cloth the size of a <i>poncho</i>, and worn so as to form loose, baggy trousers.</li> @@ -15043,12 +15003,12 @@ horses or mules of a <i>tropilla</i>.</li> <li><i>Manea</i>, hobbles for a horse made of raw hide generally.</li> -<li><i>Mañero</i>, a cunning, tricky horse or person.</li> +<li><i>Mañero</i>, a cunning, tricky horse or person.</li> <li><i>Martineta</i>, the "large partridge" (<i>Calo dromas elegans</i>).</li> -<li><i>Maté</i>, the small gourd in which the <i>Yerba</i> +<li><i>Maté</i>, the small gourd in which the <i>Yerba</i> tea is made; also the tea itself. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_342" id="Page_342">342</a></span></li> @@ -15071,7 +15031,7 @@ horses.</li> hurricane in South America, blowing across the Pampas.</li> -<li><i>Pangaré</i>, a bay horse, with the peculiar +<li><i>Pangaré</i>, a bay horse, with the peculiar mule-like colouring of the nozzle.</li> <li><i>Pantano</i>, a mud hole; a sticky muddy @@ -15167,7 +15127,7 @@ America.</li> <li>Belgrano, River, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> -<li>Bernardo, <i>see</i> <a href="#Hahansen">Hähansen</a></li> +<li>Bernardo, <i>see</i> <a href="#Hahansen">Hähansen</a></li> <li>Bernicla poliocephala, <i>see</i> <a href="#goose">ashy-headed goose</a></li> @@ -15214,7 +15174,7 @@ America.</li> <li>Colohuapi, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>-<a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a></li> -<li>Colhué, Lake, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> +<li>Colhué, Lake, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></li> <li>Columba maculosa, <i>see</i> <a href="#pigeon">pigeon</a></li> @@ -15322,9 +15282,9 @@ America.</li> <li>Gun, shot, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> -<li class="alpha">Hæmatopus palliatus, <i>see</i> <a href="#oyster_catcher">American oyster catcher</a></li> +<li class="alpha">Hæmatopus palliatus, <i>see</i> <a href="#oyster_catcher">American oyster catcher</a></li> -<li><a name="Hahansen" id="Hahansen">Hähansen</a>, Bernardo, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>-<a href="#Page_207">207</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>-<a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li> +<li><a name="Hahansen" id="Hahansen">Hähansen</a>, Bernardo, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>-<a href="#Page_207">207</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>-<a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a></li> <li>Hardy, Mrs., <a href="#Page_185">185</a></li> @@ -15397,7 +15357,7 @@ America.</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> -<li>Leña dura, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li> +<li>Leña dura, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li> <li>Leona, River, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>-<a href="#Page_212">212</a></li> @@ -15411,7 +15371,7 @@ America.</li> <li><a name="martineta" id="martineta">Martineta</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> -<li>Maté, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <i>passim</i></li> +<li>Maté, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <i>passim</i></li> <li>Mauser, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a></li> @@ -15436,7 +15396,7 @@ America.</li> <li>excrement, <a href="#Page_323">323</a>-<a href="#Page_324">324</a></li> <li>skin, <a href="#Page_305">305</a>-<a href="#Page_309">309</a>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>-<a href="#Page_323">323</a></li> <li>skull and mandible, <a href="#Page_317">317</a>-<a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> - <li>vertebræ and limb-bones, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> + <li>vertebræ and limb-bones, <a href="#Page_321">321</a></li> </ul></li> <li>discovery of remains, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>-<a href="#Page_304">304</a>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>-<a href="#Page_316">316</a></li> <li>identification, <a href="#Page_309">309</a>-<a href="#Page_315">315</a>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>-<a href="#Page_325">325</a></li> @@ -15537,7 +15497,7 @@ America.</li> <li>Rica Lake, <i>see</i> <a href="#Argentino">Lake Argentino</a></li> -<li>Roblé-wood, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> +<li>Roblé-wood, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a></li> <li>Rosada, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li> @@ -15774,12 +15734,12 @@ red and reported invincible. He put the title of Dr. before his name, and advert free consultations, provided the patients bought their medicines at his store. He throve.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_33" id="Footnote_33" href="#FNanchor_33"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> F. Ameghino, "Première Notice sur le <i>Neomylodon listai</i>, un Représentant vivant -des anciens Edentés Gravigrades fossiles de l'Argentina" (La Plata, August 1898); +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_33" id="Footnote_33" href="#FNanchor_33"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> F. Ameghino, "Première Notice sur le <i>Neomylodon listai</i>, un Représentant vivant +des anciens Edentés Gravigrades fossiles de l'Argentina" (La Plata, August 1898); translated under the title "An Existing Ground-Sloth in Patagonia," in "Natural Science," vol. xiii (1898), pp. 324-326.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_34" id="Footnote_34" href="#FNanchor_34"><span class="label">[34]</span></a> A. Milne-Edwards, "Note sur une nouvelle Espèce de Tatou à cuirasse incomplète +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_34" id="Footnote_34" href="#FNanchor_34"><span class="label">[34]</span></a> A. Milne-Edwards, "Note sur une nouvelle Espèce de Tatou à cuirasse incomplète (<i>Scleropleura bruneti</i>)," Nouv. Arch. Mus., vol. vii. (1871), pp. 177-179, pl. xii.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_35" id="Footnote_35" href="#FNanchor_35"><span class="label">[35]</span></a> P. W. Lund, K. Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Afhandl., vol. viii. (1841), p. 85 (footnote).</p> @@ -15789,9 +15749,9 @@ Fig. 8.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_37" id="Footnote_37" href="#FNanchor_37"><span class="label">[37]</span></a> Flower and Lydekker, "Introduction to the Study of Mammals," p. 183.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_38" id="Footnote_38" href="#FNanchor_38"><span class="label">[38]</span></a> E. Lönnberg, "On some Remains of '<i>Neomylodon listai</i>," Ameghino, brought home +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_38" id="Footnote_38" href="#FNanchor_38"><span class="label">[38]</span></a> E. Lönnberg, "On some Remains of '<i>Neomylodon listai</i>," Ameghino, brought home by the Swedish Expedition to Tierra del Fuego, 1895-1897, Wissensch. Ergebn. -schwedisch. Exped. Magellansländ, unter Leitung v. Otto Nordenskjöld, vol. ii. +schwedisch. Exped. Magellansländ, unter Leitung v. Otto Nordenskjöld, vol. ii. pp. 149-170, pls. xii.-xiv. (1899).</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_39" id="Footnote_39" href="#FNanchor_39"><span class="label">[39]</span></a> "On some Remains of <i>Grypotherium (Neomylodon) listai</i> and associated Mammals @@ -15803,10 +15763,10 @@ Patagonia, <i>Grypotherium domesticum</i>," Revista Mus. La Plata, vol. ix. pp. pls. i.-v. (1899).—F. P. Moreno, "Note on the Discovery of <i>Miolania</i> and of <i>Glossotherium (Neomylodon)</i> in Patagonia," Geol. Mag. [4] vol. vi. pp. 385-388 (1899).</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_41" id="Footnote_41" href="#FNanchor_41"><span class="label">[41]</span></a> J. Reinhardt, "Beskrivelse af Hovedskallen af et Kæmpedovendyr, <i>Grypotherium +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_41" id="Footnote_41" href="#FNanchor_41"><span class="label">[41]</span></a> J. Reinhardt, "Beskrivelse af Hovedskallen af et Kæmpedovendyr, <i>Grypotherium darwinii</i>, fra La Plata-Landenes plejstocene-Dannelser," K. Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk Skr. [5] vol. xii. (1879), pp. 353-380, pls. i. ii.—H. Burmeister, "Atlas de la Description -physique de la République Argentine," sect. ii. (1881), p. 119, woodc. (<i>Mylodon darwinii</i>),—R. +physique de la République Argentine," sect. ii. (1881), p. 119, woodc. (<i>Mylodon darwinii</i>),—R. Lydekker, "The Extinct Edentates of Argentina," Anales Mus. La Plata—Paleont. Argentina, vol. iii. pt. 2 (1894), p. 85, pl. liv.</p> @@ -15820,15 +15780,15 @@ p. 73, pl. xlv. Fig. 1.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_45" id="Footnote_45" href="#FNanchor_45"><span class="label">[45]</span></a> R. Owen, "Description of the Skeleton of an Extinct Gigantic Sloth, <i>Mylodon robustus</i>, Owen" (1842), p. 18.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_46" id="Footnote_46" href="#FNanchor_46"><span class="label">[46]</span></a> P. Gervais, "Mémoire sur les Formes Cérébrales propres aux Édentés vivants et +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_46" id="Footnote_46" href="#FNanchor_46"><span class="label">[46]</span></a> P. Gervais, "Mémoire sur les Formes Cérébrales propres aux Édentés vivants et fossiles," <i>Nouv. Arch. Mus.</i>, vol. xv. (1869), p. 39, pl. iv. Figs. 1, 2.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_47" id="Footnote_47" href="#FNanchor_47"><span class="label">[47]</span></a> P. Gervais, <i>loc. cit.</i> p. 39, pl. v.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_48" id="Footnote_48" href="#FNanchor_48"><span class="label">[48]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i> p. 38, pl. iv. Figs. 3, 4.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_49" id="Footnote_49" href="#FNanchor_49"><span class="label">[49]</span></a> J. Hyrtl, "Vergleichendanatomische Untersuchungen über das innere Gehörorgan -des Menschen und der Säugethiere" (1845), p. 135, pl. v. Fig. 6.</p> +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_49" id="Footnote_49" href="#FNanchor_49"><span class="label">[49]</span></a> J. Hyrtl, "Vergleichendanatomische Untersuchungen über das innere Gehörorgan +des Menschen und der Säugethiere" (1845), p. 135, pl. v. Fig. 6.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_50" id="Footnote_50" href="#FNanchor_50"><span class="label">[50]</span></a> <i>P. Z. S.</i> 1899. pl. xv. Figs. 4-6.</p> @@ -15843,10 +15803,10 @@ robustus</i>, Owen" (1842), p. 154, foot-note.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_54" id="Footnote_54" href="#FNanchor_54"><span class="label">[54]</span></a> F. Ameghino, "Contribucion al Conocimiento de los Mamiferos de la Republica Argentina" (1889), p. 738, pl. xliv. Fig. 8.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_55" id="Footnote_55" href="#FNanchor_55"><span class="label">[55]</span></a> E. Nordenskjöld, "La Grotte du <i>Glossotherium</i> (<i>Neomylodon</i>) en Patagonie," +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_55" id="Footnote_55" href="#FNanchor_55"><span class="label">[55]</span></a> E. Nordenskjöld, "La Grotte du <i>Glossotherium</i> (<i>Neomylodon</i>) en Patagonie," Comptes Rendus, vol. cxxix. (1899), p. 1217.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_56" id="Footnote_56" href="#FNanchor_56"><span class="label">[56]</span></a> Dawkins and Sanford, "The British Pleistocene Mammalia" (Palæont. Soc., +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_56" id="Footnote_56" href="#FNanchor_56"><span class="label">[56]</span></a> Dawkins and Sanford, "The British Pleistocene Mammalia" (Palæont. Soc., 1869), p. 150.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_57" id="Footnote_57" href="#FNanchor_57"><span class="label">[57]</span></a> F. Ameghino, "Contribucion al Conocimiento de los Mamiferos de la Republica @@ -15866,11 +15826,11 @@ Patagonia.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_62" id="Footnote_62" href="#FNanchor_62"><span class="label">[62]</span></a> F. Ameghino, <i>op. cit.</i> (1889), p. 324.</p> -<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_63" id="Footnote_63" href="#FNanchor_63"><span class="label">[63]</span></a> E. Nordenskjöld, "La Grotte du <i>Glossotherium</i> (<i>Neomylodon</i> )en Patagonie" Comptes +<p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_63" id="Footnote_63" href="#FNanchor_63"><span class="label">[63]</span></a> E. Nordenskjöld, "La Grotte du <i>Glossotherium</i> (<i>Neomylodon</i> )en Patagonie" Comptes Rendus, vol. cxxix. (1899), pp. 1216, 1217.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_64" id="Footnote_64" href="#FNanchor_64"><span class="label">[64]</span></a> A. Carnot, "Sur une Application de l'Analyse chimique pour fixer l'Age d'Ossements -humains préhistoriques," Comptes Rendus, vol. cxv. (1892), pp. 337-339.</p> +humains préhistoriques," Comptes Rendus, vol. cxv. (1892), pp. 337-339.</p> <p class="footnote"><a name="Footnote_65" id="Footnote_65" href="#FNanchor_65"><span class="label">[65]</span></a> Pangolins, armadillos, and sloths are more or less related.</p> @@ -15881,383 +15841,6 @@ furnish a complete list. We hope, however, to give in a future number of the <i> of Botany</i> a full list with notes on critical or otherwise interesting species.</p> </div> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Through the Heart of Patagonia, by -H. 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