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diff --git a/43305-h/43305-h.htm b/43305-h/43305-h.htm index d4fa79a..bcb9cf1 100644 --- a/43305-h/43305-h.htm +++ b/43305-h/43305-h.htm @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title> Illustrated Index of British Shells </title> @@ -37,47 +37,7 @@ </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Illustrated Index of British Shells, by -George Brettingham Sowerby - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Illustrated Index of British Shells - Containing figures of all the recent species - -Author: George Brettingham Sowerby - -Release Date: July 26, 2013 [EBook #43305] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ILLUSTRATED INDEX OF BRITISH SHELLS *** - - - - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Keith Edkins and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43305 ***</div> <p class="ac lg200">ILLUSTRATED INDEX</p> @@ -178,7 +138,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc"><a href="#plate1">Plate I.</a></span></p> - <p><i>Pholadidæ</i>, or "Borers," 1-13, have the power of piercing and + <p><i>Pholadidæ</i>, or "Borers," 1-13, have the power of piercing and inhabiting holes in submarine wood, rocks, and stones. The hinder part of the body is lengthened out in the form of a double tube, with openings for the ingress and egress of fluids. <i>Teredo</i>, 1-6, has short @@ -188,25 +148,25 @@ by The Internet Archive) is like that of <i>Teredo</i>, but the animal has neither pallets nor tube.</p> - <p><i>Gastrochæna</i>, 14, has a gaping shell, and encloses itself in a + <p><i>Gastrochæna</i>, 14, has a gaping shell, and encloses itself in a bottle-shaped covering of cemented stones and sand. <i>Saxicava</i>, 15, 16, <i>Venerupis</i>, 18, and <i>Petricola</i>, 17, burrow in sand, or live in holes of rocks.</p> - <p><i>Myadæ</i>, or "Gapers," <i>Mya</i>, 19, 20, and <i>Panopæa</i>, 21, + <p><i>Myadæ</i>, or "Gapers," <i>Mya</i>, 19, 20, and <i>Panopæa</i>, 21, 21*, burrow downwards in sand and mud, their siphons protected by a coriaceous covering. Their shells are not closed all round, and those of <i>Mya</i> have a spoon-shaped process in the hinge of one valve.</p> - <p><i>Corbulidæ</i>, 22-28, have short siphons with fringed edges, and + <p><i>Corbulidæ</i>, 22-28, have short siphons with fringed edges, and the foot protrudes through a hole in the otherwise closed mantle.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc"><a href="#plate2">Plate II.</a></span></p> <p><i>Poromya</i>, 1, 1*, and the beautiful pearly <i>Pandora</i>, 2, 3, - might be included in the family of <i>Corbulidæ</i>. <i>Lyonsia</i>, 4, - and <i>Thracia</i>, 5-10, represent the <i>Anatinidæ</i>. 11-18 are - <i>Solenidæ</i>, or "Razor-shells." Solens burrow in deep holes in the + might be included in the family of <i>Corbulidæ</i>. <i>Lyonsia</i>, 4, + and <i>Thracia</i>, 5-10, represent the <i>Anatinidæ</i>. 11-18 are + <i>Solenidæ</i>, or "Razor-shells." Solens burrow in deep holes in the sand, where they remain in a perpendicular position at a great depth below the surface, where yet their presence may be traced by the opening left. Their large muscular foot enables them to take great leaps when out @@ -219,52 +179,52 @@ by The Internet Archive) the mantle open and fringed. Their shells are provided with an external ligament, and teeth on the hinge. <i>Donax</i>, or "Wedge," 19, 20, has long, separated, fringed siphons. Besides the small external ligament, - properly so called, the <i>Mactridæ</i> have a triangular pit in the + properly so called, the <i>Mactridæ</i> have a triangular pit in the hinge of their shell, containing an elastic substance or spring, designed to resist the action of the adductor muscles. <i>Mactra</i>, 21-26, ends the Plate.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc"><a href="#plate4">Plate IV.</a></span></p> - <p><i>Lutraria</i>, 1-3, is another genus of <i>Mactridæ</i>. The - <i>Veneridæ</i>, 4-16 and 23, or "Venus" tribe, differ from it in not + <p><i>Lutraria</i>, 1-3, is another genus of <i>Mactridæ</i>. The + <i>Veneridæ</i>, 4-16 and 23, or "Venus" tribe, differ from it in not having the spring-holding pit. <i>Artemis</i>, 10, 11, is known by a large angular bend in the pallial impression; and <i>Cytherea</i>, 23, is distinguished from Venus by one tooth on the hinge standing out a little way from the central ones. <i>Astarte</i>, 17-22, belongs to the - <i>Cyprinidæ</i>.</p> + <i>Cyprinidæ</i>.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc"><a href="#plate5">Plate V.</a></span></p> - <p>Fig. 1-3 also represent genera of <i>Cyprinidæ</i>. They have no bend + <p>Fig. 1-3 also represent genera of <i>Cyprinidæ</i>. They have no bend in the palleal impression. <i>Cardium</i>, or "Cockle," 4-13, presents a peculiarity in the foot, which is large and bent, and enables the animal - to leap in a very lively manner. The family of <i>Lucinidæ</i> occupy the + to leap in a very lively manner. The family of <i>Lucinidæ</i> occupy the remaining figures. <i>Lucina</i> has a curious tongue-shaped doubling of the pallial impression.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc"><a href="#plate6">Plate VI.</a></span></p> - <p>The <i>Kelliadæ</i>, 1-15, are marine, while the <i>Cycladidæ</i>, + <p>The <i>Kelliadæ</i>, 1-15, are marine, while the <i>Cycladidæ</i>, completing the Plate, are fresh-water bivalves, and may be found in many ponds and rivers.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc"><a href="#plate7">Plate VII.</a></span></p> - <p>Of the <i>Unionidæ</i>, or "Fresh-water Mussels," <i>Unio</i>, 1-3, + <p>Of the <i>Unionidæ</i>, or "Fresh-water Mussels," <i>Unio</i>, 1-3, has teeth on the hinge, and <i>Anodon</i>, 4, has not: it is a thin shell. The foot of these molluscs is very large, and is used in cutting the animal's way through the mud in which it burrows. Of the marine, or true Mussels, <i>Modiola</i>, 6-9, and <i>Crenella</i>, 12-17, have a portion of the shell reaching beyond the point or apex, which in <i>Mytilus</i> is terminal, 18-21. <i>Dreissina</i>, 5, is shaped like - <i>Mytilus</i>, but lives in fresh-water docks. The <i>Mytilidæ</i> + <i>Mytilus</i>, but lives in fresh-water docks. The <i>Mytilidæ</i> attach themselves by means of horny threads spun from the foot, and called a "byssus."</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc"><a href="#plate8">Plate VIII.</a></span></p> - <p>Shells of <i>Arcadæ</i>, 1-14, have the hinge characterized by a + <p>Shells of <i>Arcadæ</i>, 1-14, have the hinge characterized by a series of teeth on each side of the apex. <i>Nucula</i>, <i>Arca</i>, and <i>Pectunculus</i> are easily distinguished. <i>Limopsis</i>, 14, has a spring pit between the two rows. Our figure of <i>Pinna</i>, 16, is from @@ -303,7 +263,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <i>Fissurella</i>, 1, 2, with a hole at the top; <i>Puncturella</i>, 3, with a fissure near the top; and <i>Emarginula</i>, 4-6, with a slit at the margin. <i>Haliotis</i>, 7, or pearly "Ear-shell," leads to the - <i>Trochidæ</i>, or "Tops," 8-27.</p> + <i>Trochidæ</i>, or "Tops," 8-27.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc"><a href="#plate12">Plate XII.</a></span></p> @@ -311,20 +271,20 @@ by The Internet Archive) with a beautiful floating apparatus, on which the female carries her egg-bags.</p> - <p><i>Neritina</i>, 5, and the <i>Paludinidæ</i>, 8-11, live in + <p><i>Neritina</i>, 5, and the <i>Paludinidæ</i>, 8-11, live in fresh-water. The animal of <i>Paludina</i> is sprinkled all over with - bright, golden specks. The <i>Littorinæ</i>, or "Winkles," 12-24, are + bright, golden specks. The <i>Littorinæ</i>, or "Winkles," 12-24, are marine, and frequent the shore among seaweeds. <i>Lacuna</i>, 25-32, belongs to the same family.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc"><a href="#plate13">Plate XIII.</a></span>, <a href="#plate14">XIV.</a></p> <p>Are small genera, various in their characters and habits, but - reasonably included in the last family, <i>Littorinidæ</i>.</p> + reasonably included in the last family, <i>Littorinidæ</i>.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc"><a href="#plate15">Plate XV.</a></span></p> - <p>The animals of <i>Turritella</i>, 1-3, and <i>Cæcum</i>, 6, 7, are not + <p>The animals of <i>Turritella</i>, 1-3, and <i>Cæcum</i>, 6, 7, are not unlike, although the shells are so different; eyes at the base of the tentacles, a short foot, and horny operculum. The somewhat similar animal of <i>Aporrhais</i>, 4, 5, is brilliantly coloured with gold and red. @@ -336,7 +296,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p><i>Chemnitzia</i>, 1-11, and <i>Truncatella</i>, 12, together with <i>Stylifer</i>, <i>Eulima</i>, and <i>Odostomia</i>, form the family of - <i>Pyramidellidæ</i>. Notwithstanding the difference in the shells, the + <i>Pyramidellidæ</i>. Notwithstanding the difference in the shells, the animals are very similar, having a retractile proboscis, and eyes immersed at the base of their tentacles.</p> @@ -374,7 +334,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc"><a href="#plate20">Plate XX.</a></span></p> <p>After <i>Tornatella</i>, 1, and <i>Ovula</i>, 2, 3, come - <i>Bullidæ</i>, 4-27, including several genera differing remarkably in + <i>Bullidæ</i>, 4-27, including several genera differing remarkably in the shape and disposition of the lobes of their mantles, which in some instances, as in <i>Philine</i>, 20-25, cover the shell. The stomach of <i>Scapander</i>, 26, 27, is a remarkable kind of mill, composed of two @@ -388,7 +348,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p>These are occupied by shells of <i>Gasteropoda pulmonifera</i>, so named because they breathe air by a pulmonary cavity, instead of water by - gills. The <i>Limnæadæ</i>, or fresh-water Snails, contained in Plate I., + gills. The <i>Limnæadæ</i>, or fresh-water Snails, contained in Plate I., live in water, but breathe by exposing the pulmonary cavity to air at the surface. <i>Succinea</i>, Plate XXII., 1-3, lives by the sides of streams, sometimes immersed. <i>Conovulus</i>, 4-7, affects brackish @@ -411,12 +371,12 @@ by The Internet Archive) nomenclature being inserted in italics when differing from ours.</p> <p><a href="#plate1"><span class="sc">Pl. I.</span></a> Teredo 2. Pholas - 11. Pholadidea 12. Gastrochæna 14, as <i>dubia</i>. Saxicava 15, 16. + 11. Pholadidea 12. Gastrochæna 14, as <i>dubia</i>. Saxicava 15, 16. Venerupis 18. Mya 19, 20. Panopea 21, 21*, as <i>Faujasii</i>. Corbula - 22, 23? Sphænia 25. Neæra 27.</p> + 22, 23? Sphænia 25. Neæra 27.</p> <p><a href="#plate2"><span class="sc">Pl. II.</span></a> Poromya 1. - Pandora 2, as <i>inæquivalvis</i>, 3, as <i>pinna</i>. Thracia 7, 8. + Pandora 2, as <i>inæquivalvis</i>, 3, as <i>pinna</i>. Thracia 7, 8. Solen, 13, 15. Solecurtus 18, as <i>Mactra strigilata</i>. Syndosmya, as <i>Abra</i>, 19, 22.</p> @@ -452,10 +412,10 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p><a href="#plate10"><span class="sc">Pl. X.</span></a> Chiton 7, as <i>fascicularis</i>. Patella 18. Acme 23. Propilidium, as <i>Tectura</i>, - 24. Dentalium 26, 27. Capulus 28. Calyptræa 29.</p> + 24. Dentalium 26, 27. Capulus 28. Calyptræa 29.</p> <p><a href="#plate11"><span class="sc">Pl. XI.</span></a> Fissurella 1, - as <i>græca</i>. Puncturella 3. Emarginula 5, 6. Trochus 8, 10, 11, 12, + as <i>græca</i>. Puncturella 3. Emarginula 5, 6. Trochus 8, 10, 11, 12, as <i>papillosus</i>, 15, 16, 17, 19. Margarita 21. Adeorbis 25. Scissurella 26.</p> @@ -470,7 +430,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <i>Chemnitzia n.</i></p> <p><a href="#plate15"><span class="sc">Pl. XV.</span></a> Turritella 2. - Aporrhais 4. Cæcum 6, 7. Cerithium 9, 10. Cerithiopsis, as + Aporrhais 4. Cæcum 6, 7. Cerithium 9, 10. Cerithiopsis, as <i>Cerithium</i>, 11. Scalaria 17, 19, 20. Eulima 22, 25.</p> <p><a href="#plate16"><span class="sc">Pl. XVI.</span></a> Chemnitzia 1, @@ -487,14 +447,14 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p><a href="#plate19"><span class="sc">Pl. XIX.</span></a> Nassa 1, 2. Mangelia, as <i>Clavatula</i>, 4, 5, 8, as <i>Philberti</i>, 9, 11, as - <i>Boothii</i>, 12, 14, 15, 17?, 21, 22. Erato 27. Cypræa 28.</p> + <i>Boothii</i>, 12, 14, 15, 17?, 21, 22. Erato 27. Cypræa 28.</p> <p><a href="#plate20"><span class="sc">Pl. XX.</span></a> Tornatella 1, - as <i>Actæon tornatilis</i>. Ovula 3, as <i>Bulla</i>. Cylichna, as + as <i>Actæon tornatilis</i>. Ovula 3, as <i>Bulla</i>. Cylichna, as <i>Bulla</i>, 4, 5, as <i>regulbiensis</i>, 7, 9, 12. Bulla 19. Philine - as <i>Bullæa</i>, 21, 22. Scaphander, as <i>Bulla</i>, 26.</p> + as <i>Bullæa</i>, 21, 22. Scaphander, as <i>Bulla</i>, 26.</p> - <p><a href="#plate21"><span class="sc">Pl. XXI.</span></a> Limnæa 1, 4, + <p><a href="#plate21"><span class="sc">Pl. XXI.</span></a> Limnæa 1, 4, 7, 11. Planorbis 18, 24, as <i>complanatus</i>, and in the upper fresh-water formation, all except 9, 11.</p> @@ -520,7 +480,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <div class="stanza"> <p>Achatina, <a href="#plate24"><span class="sm">XXIV.</span></a> 24.</p> <p>Aclis, <a href="#plate14"><span class="sm">XIV.</span></a> 23, 25.</p> - <p>Acmæa, <a href="#plate10"><span class="sm">X.</span></a> 22, 23.</p> + <p>Acmæa, <a href="#plate10"><span class="sm">X.</span></a> 22, 23.</p> <p>Acme, <a href="#plate24"><span class="sm">XXIV.</span></a> 26.</p> <p>Adeorbis, <a href="#plate11"><span class="sm">XI.</span></a> 25.</p> <p>Akera, <a href="#plate20"><span class="sm">XX.</span></a> 16.</p> @@ -549,11 +509,11 @@ by The Internet Archive) </div> <div class="stanza"> - <p>Calyptræa, <a href="#plate10"><span class="sm">X.</span></a> 29.</p> + <p>Calyptræa, <a href="#plate10"><span class="sm">X.</span></a> 29.</p> <p><i>Capulus</i>, Pileopsis.</p> <p>Cardium, <a href="#plate5"><span class="sm">V.</span></a> 4-13.</p> <p>Carychium, <a href="#plate22"><span class="sm">XXII.</span></a> 8.</p> - <p>Cæcum, <a href="#plate15"><span class="sm">XV.</span></a> 6-7.</p> + <p>Cæcum, <a href="#plate15"><span class="sm">XV.</span></a> 6-7.</p> <p><i>Cemoria</i>, Puncturella.</p> <p>Ceratisolen, <a href="#plate2"><span class="sm">II.</span></a> 11.</p> <p>Cerithiopsis, <a href="#plate15"><span class="sm">XV.</span></a> 11-15.</p> @@ -572,7 +532,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p>Cyclostoma, <a href="#plate24"><span class="sm">XXIV.</span></a> 25.</p> <p>Cyclas, <a href="#plate6"><span class="sm">VI.</span></a> 16-20.</p> <p>Cylichna, <a href="#plate20"><span class="sm">XX.</span></a> 4-13.</p> - <p>Cypræa, <a href="#plate19"><span class="sm">XIX.</span></a> 28.</p> + <p>Cypræa, <a href="#plate19"><span class="sm">XIX.</span></a> 28.</p> <p>Cyprina, <a href="#plate5"><span class="sm">V.</span></a> 1.</p> <p>Cytherea, <a href="#plate4"><span class="sm">IV.</span></a> 23.</p> </div> @@ -600,7 +560,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <div class="stanza"> <p>Galeomma, <a href="#plate6"><span class="sm">VI.</span></a> 14, 15.</p> - <p>Gastrochæna, <a href="#plate1"><span class="sm">I.</span></a> 14.</p> + <p>Gastrochæna, <a href="#plate1"><span class="sm">I.</span></a> 14.</p> </div> <div class="stanza"> @@ -609,7 +569,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p>Helix, <a href="#plate23"><span class="sm">XXIII.</span></a> 1-29.</p> <p><i>Hinnites</i>, Pecten, <a href="#plate9"><span class="sm">IX.</span></a> 1.</p> <p>Hippothyris, <a href="#plate9"><span class="sm">IX.</span></a> 17.</p> - <p>Hyalæa, <a href="#plate10"><span class="sm">X.</span></a> 1.</p> + <p>Hyalæa, <a href="#plate10"><span class="sm">X.</span></a> 1.</p> </div> <div class="stanza"> @@ -633,7 +593,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p>Lepton, <a href="#plate6"><span class="sm">VI.</span></a> 9-13.</p> <p>Lima, <a href="#plate8"><span class="sm">VIII.</span></a> 22-24.</p> <p>Limax, <a href="#plate22"><span class="sm">XXII.</span></a> 9-12.</p> - <p>Limnæa, <a href="#plate21"><span class="sm">XXI.</span></a> 1-11.</p> + <p>Limnæa, <a href="#plate21"><span class="sm">XXI.</span></a> 1-11.</p> <p>Limopsis, <a href="#plate8"><span class="sm">VIII.</span></a> 14.</p> <p>Littorina, <a href="#plate12"><span class="sm">XII.</span></a> 12-24.</p> <p>Lucina, <a href="#plate5"><span class="sm">V.</span></a> 14-18.</p> @@ -658,7 +618,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <div class="stanza"> <p>Nassa, <a href="#plate19"><span class="sm">XIX.</span></a> 1-3.</p> <p>Natica, <a href="#plate16"><span class="sm">XVI.</span></a> 13-19.</p> - <p>Neæra, <a href="#plate1"><span class="sm">I.</span></a> 26-28.</p> + <p>Neæra, <a href="#plate1"><span class="sm">I.</span></a> 26-28.</p> <p>Neritina, <a href="#plate12"><span class="sm">XII.</span></a> 5.</p> <p>Nucula, <a href="#plate8"><span class="sm">VIII.</span></a> 1-5.</p> </div> @@ -673,7 +633,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <div class="stanza"> <p>Paludina, <a href="#plate12"><span class="sm">XII.</span></a> 8, 9.</p> <p>Pandora, <a href="#plate2"><span class="sm">II.</span></a> 2, 3.</p> - <p>Panopæa, <a href="#plate1"><span class="sm">I.</span></a> 21, 21*.</p> + <p>Panopæa, <a href="#plate1"><span class="sm">I.</span></a> 21, 21*.</p> <p>Patella, <a href="#plate10"><span class="sm">X.</span></a> 18-21.</p> <p>Pecten, <a href="#plate9"><span class="sm">IX.</span></a> 1-16.</p> <p>Pectunculus, <a href="#plate8"><span class="sm">VIII.</span></a> 13.</p> @@ -718,7 +678,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p>Stylifer, <a href="#plate15"><span class="sm">XV.</span></a> 21.</p> <p>Succinea, <a href="#plate22"><span class="sm">XXII.</span></a> 1-3.</p> <p>Syndosmya, <a href="#plate2"><span class="sm">II.</span></a> 19-22.</p> - <p>Sphænia, <a href="#plate1"><span class="sm">I.</span></a> 25.</p> + <p>Sphænia, <a href="#plate1"><span class="sm">I.</span></a> 25.</p> </div> <div class="stanza"> @@ -775,7 +735,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>1. <span class="sc">T. navalis</span>, <i>Linn.</i>—<i>T. - Batavæ.</i>—Herne Bay, R. Pallets shelly, crescented; valves with + Batavæ.</i>—Herne Bay, R. Pallets shelly, crescented; valves with auricles extended sidewise; tube long.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>2. <span @@ -838,7 +798,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) closed, with a cup. <i>P. lamellata</i>, Turt., when young, not closed; no cup.</p> -<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Gastrochæna.</span> Bores and inhabits stone, thick shells, etc.</p> +<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Gastrochæna.</span> Bores and inhabits stone, thick shells, etc.</p> <p class="ind2">14. <span class="sc">G. modiolina</span>, <i>Lamk.</i>—<i>G. Pholadia</i>, <i>G. hians</i>, <i>Mya dubia</i>, @@ -866,7 +826,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2">17. <span class="sc">P. lithophaga</span>, <i>Retz.</i>—<i>P. striata</i>, <i>costellata</i>, - <i>rocellaria</i>, <i>ruperella</i>, Lamk., <i>Mya</i> and <i>Sphænia + <i>rocellaria</i>, <i>ruperella</i>, Lamk., <i>Mya</i> and <i>Sphænia decussata</i>.—Cork, Bristol, R. as British.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Venerupis.</span> Bores and inhabits stone.</p> @@ -879,13 +839,13 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Mya.</span> Burrows in mud and sand.</p> <p class="ind2">19. <span class="sc">M. truncata</span>, - <i>Linn.</i>—<i>M. ovalis</i> and <i>Sphænia Swainsoni</i> + <i>Linn.</i>—<i>M. ovalis</i> and <i>Sphænia Swainsoni</i> (young).—Various localities and depths, C. Truncated at end.</p> <p class="ind2">20. <span class="sc">M. arenaria</span>, <i>Linn.</i>—Herne Bay, Portsmouth, etc., C. Tapering at end.</p> -<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Panopæa.</span> Burrows in mud.</p> +<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Panopæa.</span> Burrows in mud.</p> <p class="ind2">21. <span class="sc">P. norvegica</span>, <i>Spengl.</i>—<i>P. glycimeris</i>, <i>P. @@ -898,7 +858,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2">22. <span class="sc">C. nucleus</span>, <i>Lamk.</i>—<i>C. striata</i>, <i>Mya</i>, and <i>C. - inæquivalvis</i>.—Dublin, Torquay, Forth, 4 to 80 fath., C. Valves + inæquivalvis</i>.—Dublin, Torquay, Forth, 4 to 80 fath., C. Valves unequal, beaked.</p> <p class="ind2">23. <span class="sc">C. rosea</span>, @@ -907,13 +867,13 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2">24. <span class="sc">C. ovata</span>, <i>Forbes</i>.—Isle of Man, Rr. Oval, truncated at end.</p> -<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Sphænia.</span> Burrows in foliaceous shells.</p> +<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Sphænia.</span> Burrows in foliaceous shells.</p> <p class="ind2">25. <span class="sc">S. Binghami</span>, <i>Turt.</i>—<i>Corbula B.</i>—Torquay, Guernsey, Swansea, Forth, etc., R.</p> -<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Neæra.</span> Lives incrusted in sand.</p> +<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Neæra.</span> Lives incrusted in sand.</p> <p class="ind2">26. <span class="sc">N. costellata</span>, <i>Desh.</i>—<i>Corbula c.</i>, <i>N. sulcata</i>.—Loch Fyne, @@ -950,8 +910,8 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>2. <span class="sc">P. rostrata</span>, <i>Lamk.</i>—<i>Tellina - inæquivalvis</i>, Linn.; <i>P. margaritacea</i> and - <i>inæquivalvis</i>.—S. Devon?, Guernsey, R. as Brit. Valves + inæquivalvis</i>, Linn.; <i>P. margaritacea</i> and + <i>inæquivalvis</i>.—S. Devon?, Guernsey, R. as Brit. Valves long.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>3. <span @@ -997,7 +957,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Cochlodesma.</span> Laminarian and Coralline.</p> - <p class="ind2">10. <span class="sc">C. prætenue</span>, + <p class="ind2">10. <span class="sc">C. prætenue</span>, <i>Pult.</i>—(<i>Mya</i>) <i>Anatina</i>, <i>Ligula</i>, and <i>Amphidesma pr.</i>—Dorset, Devon, Man, Bantry B., Oban, etc., (25 to 60 fath.), R. Spoon-shaped process on hinge.</p> @@ -1126,7 +1086,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) (9), <i>T. ovalis</i>, <i>T. sordida</i>, <i>Sanguinolaria sordida</i>, <i>Macroma tenera</i>.—Skye, etc., R.</p> - <p class="ind2">10, 11. <span class="sc">T. pygmæa</span>, + <p class="ind2">10, 11. <span class="sc">T. pygmæa</span>, <i>Phil.</i>—Devon, Cork, Shetland, etc., 8 to 50 fath., C. Smaller, more convex, and more truncate than <i>T. donacina</i>.</p> @@ -1146,7 +1106,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2">16. <span class="sc">T. fabula</span>, <i>Gronovius.</i>—<i>T. discors.</i>—On sandy shores - generally, C. Valve with oblique striæ (omitted by error).</p> + generally, C. Valve with oblique striæ (omitted by error).</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Ervillia.</span></p> @@ -1244,7 +1204,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>7. <span class="sc">T. aurea</span>, <i>Gmel.</i>—(<i>Venus</i>) <i>V. - nebulosa</i>, <i>V. ænea</i>, <i>V. nitens</i>, <i>V. sinuata</i>, + nebulosa</i>, <i>V. ænea</i>, <i>V. nitens</i>, <i>V. sinuata</i>, <i>Pullastra a.</i>—Cornwall, Sussex, Bantry Bay, Loch Ryan, Mc. Yellow within.</p> @@ -1266,11 +1226,11 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2">10. <span class="sc">A. exoleta</span>, <i>Linn.</i>—(<i>Venus</i>) <i>Cytherea e.</i>, <i>Pectunculus capillaceus</i>.—Sandy ground, on Brit. co. generally, low-water to - 80 fath., C. Compressed; striæ coarse.</p> + 80 fath., C. Compressed; striæ coarse.</p> <p class="ind2">11. <span class="sc">A. lincta</span>, <i>Pult.</i>—(<i>Venus</i>) <i>V. sinuata</i>, <i>Cytherea - sinuata</i>.—Various Brit, loc., C. Dorsal edge sloping; striæ + sinuata</i>.—Various Brit, loc., C. Dorsal edge sloping; striæ fine.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Venus.</span></p> @@ -1368,7 +1328,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Cardium</span>, or <i>Cockle</i>.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>4. <span - class="sc">C. pygmæum</span>, <i>Donovan.</i>—<i>C. + class="sc">C. pygmæum</span>, <i>Donovan.</i>—<i>C. exiguum.</i>—Herne, Sark, Weymouth, Zetland, Bantry Bay, 5 to 50 fath., Mc. Hinder side large, angular.</p> @@ -1412,7 +1372,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) generally. Common eatable, Cockle.</p> <p class="ind2">13. <span class="sc">C. norvegicum</span>, - <i>Spengler.</i>—<i>C. lævigatum</i>, <i>C. serratum</i>, <i>C. + <i>Spengler.</i>—<i>C. lævigatum</i>, <i>C. serratum</i>, <i>C. oblongum</i>, <i>C. Pennantii</i>.—Brit. co. generally. Sand and gravel, 15 to 80 fath. Smooth, variegated when young.</p> @@ -1491,7 +1451,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) class="sc">M. substriata</span>, <i>Mont.</i> (<i>Mya.</i>)—<i>Erycina</i> and <i>Tellimya s.</i>—Devon, Tenby, Durham, Zetland, Bantry Bay, etc., on spines of <i>Spatangus</i>, - deep water, C. Minute, with diverging striæ.</p> + deep water, C. Minute, with diverging striæ.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Turtonia.</span></p> @@ -1530,7 +1490,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2">11. <span class="sc">L. convexum</span>, <i>Alder.</i>—Bantry Bay, Rr. Convex, granulated.</p> - <p class="ind2">12. <span class="sc">L. Clarkiæ</span>, + <p class="ind2">12. <span class="sc">L. Clarkiæ</span>, <i>Clark.</i>—Exmouth, Plymouth, Zetland, Rr. Minute, oval, smooth.</p> @@ -1546,7 +1506,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Cyclas.</span> Inhabits fresh-water.</p> <p class="ind2">16. <span class="sc">C. cornea</span>, <i>Linn.</i> - (<i>Tellina.</i>)—<i>Sphærium c.</i>, Scopoli, <i>C. rivalis</i>, + (<i>Tellina.</i>)—<i>Sphærium c.</i>, Scopoli, <i>C. rivalis</i>, etc.—Ponds and ditches everywhere. Equilateral, subquadrate.</p> <p class="ind2">17. <span class="sc">C. pisidioides</span>, @@ -1575,7 +1535,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <i>gibba</i>.—In marshes and ponds at various places, C. Includes <i>P. obtustale</i>?</p> - <p class="ind2">23. <span class="sc">P. amnicum</span>, <i>Müller</i>, + <p class="ind2">23. <span class="sc">P. amnicum</span>, <i>Müller</i>, (<i>Tellina.</i>)—<i>T. rivalis</i>, <i>Cyclas palustris</i>, <i>C. obliqua</i>.—British rivers, etc., generally. <i>C. obliqua</i> ribbed.</p> @@ -1767,12 +1727,12 @@ by The Internet Archive) water. Ridged.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>7. <span - class="sc">L. pygmæa</span>, <i>Munster</i>, + class="sc">L. pygmæa</span>, <i>Munster</i>, (<i>Nucula.</i>)—<i>N.</i> and <i>L. tenuis</i>, <i>gibbosa</i>, and <i>lenticula</i>.—Skye, Hebrides, Croulin Isl., 25 to 50 fath. Minute, smooth. Size (omitted) one-fifth of an inch.</p> -<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Arca</span>, <i>Linnæus.</i></p> +<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Arca</span>, <i>Linnæus.</i></p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>8, 9. <span class="sc">A. lactea</span>, <i>Linn.</i>—<i>A. barbata</i>, <i>A. @@ -1782,7 +1742,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) to 20 fath., C. Beaks approaching, radiately striated.</p> <p class="ind2">10. <span class="sc">A. tetragona</span>, - <i>Poli.</i>—<i>A. Noæ</i> and <i>imbricata</i>.—Many Brit, + <i>Poli.</i>—<i>A. Noæ</i> and <i>imbricata</i>.—Many Brit, loc., C. (12 to 50 fath.). Broad area between beaks.</p> <p class="ind2">11. <span class="sc">A. raridentata</span>, <i>S. @@ -1815,7 +1775,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2">16. <span class="sc">P. pectinata</span>, <i>Linn.</i>—<i>P. fragilis</i>, <i>muricata</i>, <i>ingens</i>, - <i>lævis</i>, <i>papyracea</i>, <i>rotundata</i>, + <i>lævis</i>, <i>papyracea</i>, <i>rotundata</i>, <i>elegans</i>.—Dorset, Milford Haven, Hebrides, Cape Clear; deep water, Mc.</p> @@ -1834,11 +1794,11 @@ by The Internet Archive) beak marginal, curved.</p> <p class="ind2">19. <span class="sc">A. aculeata</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>A. striolata.</i>—Brit. co. generally, Mc. + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>A. striolata.</i>—Brit. co. generally, Mc. Small, with spinous sculpture.</p> <p class="ind2">20. <span class="sc">A. striata</span>, - <i>Lovén.</i>—Hebrides, R. Rayed, striated, with apex not + <i>Lovén.</i>—Hebrides, R. Rayed, striated, with apex not marginal.</p> <p class="ind2">21. <span class="sc">A. patelliformis</span>, @@ -1853,7 +1813,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) straight.</p> <p class="ind2">23. <span class="sc">L. hians</span>, <i>Gmel.</i> - (<i>Vitræa.</i>)—<i>L. tenera</i>, <i>fragilis</i>, <i>aperta</i>, + (<i>Vitræa.</i>)—<i>L. tenera</i>, <i>fragilis</i>, <i>aperta</i>, etc.—Channel Isls., Penzance, Oban, Belfast, etc., Mc. Oblique, gaping at sides.</p> @@ -1907,8 +1867,8 @@ by The Internet Archive) than <i>P. tigrinus</i>.</p> <p class="ind2">11, 12. <span class="sc">P. tigrinus</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>P. obsoletus</i>, <i>domesticus</i>, - <i>lævis</i>, <i>parvus</i>, etc.—Brit. co. generally, 12 to 60 + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>P. obsoletus</i>, <i>domesticus</i>, + <i>lævis</i>, <i>parvus</i>, etc.—Brit. co. generally, 12 to 60 fath., C. Variable; one auricle minute, the other large and ribbed.</p> <p class="ind2">13. <span class="sc">P. maximus</span>, <i>Linn.</i> @@ -1921,11 +1881,11 @@ by The Internet Archive) marks.</p> <p class="ind2">15. <span class="sc">P. striatus</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>P. aculeatus</i>, <i>fuci</i>, + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>P. aculeatus</i>, <i>fuci</i>, etc.—Scotland, C.; England, R.</p> <p class="ind2">16. <span class="sc">P. furtivus</span>, - <i>Lovén.</i>—Zetland, Guernsey, etc., 40 to 50 fath., Mr. More + <i>Lovén.</i>—Zetland, Guernsey, etc., 40 to 50 fath., Mr. More rounded, and with auricles less broadly based than <i>P. striatus</i>.</p> @@ -1939,7 +1899,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Terebratula.</span> Fixed by byssus.</p> <p class="ind2">18. <span class="sc">T. cranium</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Anomia c.</i>, and <i>T. + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Anomia c.</i>, and <i>T. vitrea</i>.—Zetland; deep water, unique as Brit. Smooth, oval.</p> <p class="ind2">19. <span class="sc">T. capsula</span>, <i>Jeffreys</i>, @@ -1964,7 +1924,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Crania.</span></p> - <p class="ind2">24. <span class="sc">C. anomala</span>, <i>Müller.</i> + <p class="ind2">24. <span class="sc">C. anomala</span>, <i>Müller.</i> (<i>Patella.</i>)—<i>Pat. Anomia</i>, <i>Discina</i>, and <i>Criopus distorta</i>, <i>ostreoides</i>, <i>personata</i>, and <i>rostrata</i>.—Zetland, Arran, Lerwick, Cork, Mr.</p> @@ -1977,7 +1937,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) </div> <p class="ac lg125">PLATE X.</p> -<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Hyalæa.</span> <i>Fam.</i> Pteropoda.</p> +<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Hyalæa.</span> <i>Fam.</i> Pteropoda.</p> <p class="sm">Fig.</p> @@ -2022,11 +1982,11 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>9, 10. <span class="sc">C. marmoreus</span>, <i>O. Fabr.</i>—<i>C. latus</i>, - Lowe, <i>C. lævigatus</i>, <i>ruber</i>, and + Lowe, <i>C. lævigatus</i>, <i>ruber</i>, and <i>pictus</i>.—Scarborough, Forth, Skye, Zetland, W. Ire., R. Margin smooth.</p> - <p class="ind2">11. <span class="sc">C. lævis</span>, + <p class="ind2">11. <span class="sc">C. lævis</span>, <i>Pennant.</i>—<i>C. marginatus</i>, Pult., <i>C. Achatina</i>, Brown.—Dorset, Devon; Brit. co. generally, but rare. Dorsally elevated; margin reticulated.</p> @@ -2062,25 +2022,25 @@ by The Internet Archive) <i>Bean.</i>—Devon, Northumberland, etc., Cc. Ribs toothed.</p> <p class="ind2">20. <span class="sc">P. pellucida</span>, - <i>Linn.</i>—<i>P. lævis</i>, <i>cærulea</i>, <i>Acmæa + <i>Linn.</i>—<i>P. lævis</i>, <i>cærulea</i>, <i>Acmæa pel</i>.—British co. generally, C. smooth.</p> - <p class="ind2">21. —— var. <i>lævis</i>, Penn.</p> + <p class="ind2">21. —— var. <i>lævis</i>, Penn.</p> -<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Acmæa</span>, or <span class="sc">Lottia</span>.</p> +<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Acmæa</span>, or <span class="sc">Lottia</span>.</p> <p class="ind2">22. <span class="sc">A. testudinalis</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>P. Clealandi.</i>—North Ire., C. Oval, with + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>P. Clealandi.</i>—North Ire., C. Oval, with tortoise-shell markings.</p> <p class="ind2">23. <span class="sc">A. virginea</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>P. parva</i>, <i>pulchella</i>.—Brit. co. + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>P. parva</i>, <i>pulchella</i>.—Brit. co. generally, Mc. Pale, pink-rayed, shallow.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Pilidium</span>, or <span class="sc">Tectura</span>.</p> <p class="ind2">24. <span class="sc">P. fulvum</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>P. Forbesii.</i>—Clyde, Cork, Zetland, + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>P. Forbesii.</i>—Clyde, Cork, Zetland, etc., R.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Propilidium.</span></p> @@ -2095,7 +2055,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2">27. <span class="sc">D. tarentinum</span>, <i>Lamk.</i>—<i>D. vulgare</i>, <i>striatum</i>, <i>labiatum</i>, - <i>politum</i>, <i>læve</i>.—South coasts, C. Striated and entire + <i>politum</i>, <i>læve</i>.—South coasts, C. Striated and entire at small end.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Pileopsis</span>, or <span class="sc">Capulus</span>.</p> @@ -2104,11 +2064,11 @@ by The Internet Archive) <i>Linn.</i>—Fool's-cap Limpet.—S. Devon, and Br. co. generally, C.</p> -<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Calyptræa</span>, <i>Linn.</i></p> +<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Calyptræa</span>, <i>Linn.</i></p> <p class="ind2">29. <span class="sc">C. sinensis</span>, <i>Linn.</i> (<i>Patella.</i>)—<i>C. chinensis</i>, <i>albida</i>, - <i>lævigata</i>.—S. Brit., and Chan. Isls., R. With oblique + <i>lævigata</i>.—S. Brit., and Chan. Isls., R. With oblique septum.</p> <p class="ind2"><a name="plate11"></a></p> @@ -2125,8 +2085,8 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>1. <span class="sc">F. reticulata</span>, <i>Donov.</i> - (<i>Patella.</i>)—<i>P.</i> and <i>F. Græca</i>, <i>apertura</i> - (young), <i>cancellata</i>, <i>europæa</i>.—Hebrides, Thanet, + (<i>Patella.</i>)—<i>P.</i> and <i>F. Græca</i>, <i>apertura</i> + (young), <i>cancellata</i>, <i>europæa</i>.—Hebrides, Thanet, Devon, Ireland. On shells, etc., 1 to 15 fath., C.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>2. <span @@ -2320,12 +2280,12 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Valvata.</span> In ponds.</p> <p class="ind2">10. <span class="sc">V. piscinalis</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Nerita</i>, <i>Turbo</i>, <i>Cyclostoma + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Nerita</i>, <i>Turbo</i>, <i>Cyclostoma fontinalis</i>, <i>obtusa</i>, <i>thermalis</i>, etc.—Fresh-water, C. Subglobose.</p> <p class="ind2">11. <span class="sc">V. cristata</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>V. planorbis</i>, etc.—Many loc., Mc. + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>V. planorbis</i>, etc.—Many loc., Mc. Orbicular.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Littorina.</span> On the sea-shore.</p> @@ -2359,7 +2319,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) littoralis</i>?</p> <p class="ind2">23. <span class="sc">L. neritoides</span>, <i>Linn.</i> - (<i>Turbo.</i>)—<i>T. petræa</i>, <i>L. cærulea</i>, + (<i>Turbo.</i>)—<i>T. petræa</i>, <i>L. cærulea</i>, etc.—Kent, Sussex, etc., C. With white band.</p> <p class="ind2">24. <span class="sc">L. palliata</span>, <i>Say</i>, @@ -2413,7 +2373,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Rissoa</span>, or <span class="sc">Cingula</span>.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>3. <span - class="sc">R. ulvæ</span>, <i>Pennant</i>, + class="sc">R. ulvæ</span>, <i>Pennant</i>, (<i>Turbo.</i>)—<i>Helix</i>, <i>Cingula</i>, <i>Paludina</i>, and <i>Littorina</i>.—In brackish water, on British shores, C.</p> @@ -2421,7 +2381,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) >subumbilicata</i>, R.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>4. <span - class="sc">R. Barleei</span>, <i>Jeffreys.</i>—<i>R. ulvæ</i> + class="sc">R. Barleei</span>, <i>Jeffreys.</i>—<i>R. ulvæ</i> var.—Loch Carron, Skye, R.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>5. <span @@ -2533,7 +2493,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>2. <span class="sc">R. soluta</span>, <i>Philippi.</i>—Exmouth, Bute, Cork, - etc., R. Like <i>R. pulch.</i>, but with spiral striæ.</p> + etc., R. Like <i>R. pulch.</i>, but with spiral striæ.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>3. <span class="sc">R. Alderi</span>, <i>Jeffreys</i>, <i>Annals, Aug. @@ -2594,7 +2554,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2">15. <span class="sc">J. globularis</span>, <i>Jeffreys.</i>—Skye.</p> - <p class="ind2">16. <span class="sc">J. Gulsonæ</span>, <i>Clark</i>, + <p class="ind2">16. <span class="sc">J. Gulsonæ</span>, <i>Clark</i>, (<i>Odostomia.</i>)—<i>Chemnitzia G.</i>—Sandwith, Lerwick, Weymouth, etc., Guernsey.</p> @@ -2620,10 +2580,10 @@ by The Internet Archive) <i>Adeorbis striatus</i>.—Scarborough, Weymouth, Orkney, Galway, etc., 7 to 25 fath., Mr. Striated.</p> - <p class="ind2">21. <span class="sc">S. costulata</span>, <i>Möller</i>, + <p class="ind2">21. <span class="sc">S. costulata</span>, <i>Möller</i>, (<i>Margarita.</i>)—Loch Fyne, Rr.</p> - <p class="ind2">22. <span class="sc">S. lævis</span>, <i>Philippi</i>, + <p class="ind2">22. <span class="sc">S. lævis</span>, <i>Philippi</i>, (<i>Delphinula.</i>)—Newcastle-on-Tyne, Rr.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Aclis.</span></p> @@ -2642,10 +2602,10 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Eulimella.</span></p> - <p class="ind2">26. <span class="sc">E. Scillæ</span>, <i>Lovén</i>, + <p class="ind2">26. <span class="sc">E. Scillæ</span>, <i>Lovén</i>, (<i>Turbonilla.</i>)—<i>Eulima</i>, <i>Odostomia</i>, <i>Chemnitzia</i>, and <i>Eulimella crassula</i>, and - <i>Macandræi</i>.—N. Scotland, Croulin, etc., 20 to 90 fath., + <i>Macandræi</i>.—N. Scotland, Croulin, etc., 20 to 90 fath., R.</p> <p class="ind2">27. <span class="sc">E. acicula</span>, Philippi, @@ -2654,9 +2614,9 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2">28. <span class="sc">E. affinis</span>, <i>Philippi</i>, (<i>Eulima.</i>)—<i>Pyramis</i>, <i>Odost.</i>, and <i>E. - gracilis</i>, <i>lævis</i>.—Skye, Torbay, R.</p> + gracilis</i>, <i>lævis</i>.—Skye, Torbay, R.</p> - <p class="ind2">29. <span class="sc">E. clavula</span>, <i>Lovén</i> + <p class="ind2">29. <span class="sc">E. clavula</span>, <i>Lovén</i> (<i>Turbonilla.</i>)—<i>Odostomia c.</i>—Torbay, Rr. Guernsey.</p> @@ -2700,7 +2660,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <i>serressiana</i>.—Zetland, 70 to 100 fath., R. Outer lip with two anterior lobes.</p> -<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Cæcum.</span></p> +<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Cæcum.</span></p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>6. <span class="sc">C. trachea</span>, <i>Mont.</i>—<i>Dentalium</i> and @@ -2710,7 +2670,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>7. <span class="sc">C. glabrum</span>, <i>Mont.</i>—<i>C.</i>, <i>Dentalium</i>, and <i>Orthocera minutum</i>, and - <i>lævissimum</i>.—Exmouth, Weymouth, Swansea, Lerwick, Bantry Bay. + <i>lævissimum</i>.—Exmouth, Weymouth, Swansea, Lerwick, Bantry Bay. Rare, smooth.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Cerithium.</span></p> @@ -2744,7 +2704,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <i>Ann. Nat. Hist. 1859</i>.—In shell sand, Belfast, R. Rather Buccinum-shaped.</p> - <p class="ind2">14. <span class="sc">C. metula</span>, <i>Lovén</i>, + <p class="ind2">14. <span class="sc">C. metula</span>, <i>Lovén</i>, (<i>Cerithium.</i>)—<i>C. nitidum</i>, Forbes.—Zetland, 50 to 80 fath., R. White, with angular whorls.</p> @@ -2781,7 +2741,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2">21. <span class="sc">S. Turtoni</span>, <i>Brod.</i>—<i>Phasianella stylifera</i>, <i>Velutina s.</i>, <i>S. globosus</i> and <i>astericola</i>.—On spines of <i>Echinus - sphæra</i>, Torbay and Berwick, R. Glassy, thin.</p> + sphæra</i>, Torbay and Berwick, R. Glassy, thin.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Eulima.</span></p> @@ -2914,12 +2874,12 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Recluzia.</span></p> <p class="ind2">20. <span class="sc">R. aperta</span>, - <i>Jeffreys.</i>—<i>Natica aperta</i>, Lovén?—Zetland, + <i>Jeffreys.</i>—<i>Natica aperta</i>, Lovén?—Zetland, Rr.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Velutina.</span></p> - <p class="ind2">21. <span class="sc">N. lævigata</span>, <i>Linn.</i> + <p class="ind2">21. <span class="sc">N. lævigata</span>, <i>Linn.</i> (<i>Helix.</i>)—<i>Bulla</i>, <i>Velutina</i>, etc.—Brit. co. generally, 1 to 30 fath., N. Eu., C.</p> @@ -2983,7 +2943,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>5. <span class="sc">O. plicata</span>, <i>Mont.</i> (<i>Turbo.</i>)—<i>Voluta p.</i>, <i>V. plicatula</i>, <i>O. - Annæ</i>, <i>Jaminia p.</i>, etc., Mc.—Salcombe, Swansea, Dublin, + Annæ</i>, <i>Jaminia p.</i>, etc., Mc.—Salcombe, Swansea, Dublin, Aberdeen, Mc. Turreted. Narrow, thin.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>6. <span @@ -3043,7 +3003,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) Cornwall, Tenby, etc., Mc. Thin, conical, no umbilicus.</p> <p class="ind2">21. <span class="sc">O. albella</span>, - <i>Lovén.</i>—<i>O. rissoides</i>, var., B. M.—Guernsey, S. + <i>Lovén.</i>—<i>O. rissoides</i>, var., B. M.—Guernsey, S. Devon, etc. Turreted, upper whorls more cylindrical than No. 20.</p> <p class="ind2">22. <span class="sc">O. obliqua</span>, @@ -3137,7 +3097,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>6. <span class="sc">L. minima</span>, <i>Mont.</i> (<i>Buccinum</i>.)—<i>B. - brunneum</i>, <i>B. rubrum</i>, <i>Nesæa granulata</i>, <i>mamillata</i>, + brunneum</i>, <i>B. rubrum</i>, <i>Nesæa granulata</i>, <i>mamillata</i>, <i>Fusus minimus</i>, etc.—Channel Isls. and S. Brit., on shores. S. Eu.</p> @@ -3158,7 +3118,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2">10. <span class="sc">B. ciliatum</span>, <i>Fabr.</i> (<i>Tritonium.</i>)—Shetland, deep water, R. More thin than No. 9; - with striæ finer, and hairs of epidermis tufted minutely.</p> + with striæ finer, and hairs of epidermis tufted minutely.</p> <p class="ind2">11. <span class="sc">B. fusiforme</span>, <i>Brod.</i>—Cork, Wexford, Rr. Turreted, fusiform, white, ribbed, @@ -3243,13 +3203,13 @@ by The Internet Archive) r.</i>—Brit. and Eu. co. generally. Littoral, Cc.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>2. <span - class="sc">N. incrassata</span>, <i>Müller</i>, + class="sc">N. incrassata</span>, <i>Müller</i>, (<i>Buccinum.</i>)—<i>N.</i> and <i>B. minutum</i>, <i>macula</i>, <i>asperulum</i>, etc.—Brit. shores generally, 0 to 50 fath., gravel, C.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>3. <span - class="sc">N. pygmæa</span>, <i>Lamk.</i> (<i>Ranella.</i>)—<i>B. + class="sc">N. pygmæa</span>, <i>Lamk.</i> (<i>Ranella.</i>)—<i>B. tuberculatum</i>, <i>Tritonia varicosa</i>, etc.—S. Brit. co., S. Eu., 4 fath. to deep water, C. Small, with white varices on the body.</p> @@ -3311,7 +3271,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <i>varians</i>, and <i>pyramidatus</i>.—Various places and depths, N. and S. Eu., C.</p> - <p class="ind2">15. <span class="sc">M. lævigata</span>, <i>Phil.</i> + <p class="ind2">15. <span class="sc">M. lævigata</span>, <i>Phil.</i> (<i>Pleu.</i>)—<i>M. nebula</i> var.—South Brit., S. Eu. Small, fusiform, shiny, banded.</p> @@ -3324,7 +3284,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) b.</i>—Brit. co. gen., Mr. Turreted; ribs crossed by raised lines.</p> - <p class="ind2">18. <span class="sc">M. nana</span>, <i>Lovén</i>, + <p class="ind2">18. <span class="sc">M. nana</span>, <i>Lovén</i>, (<i>Tritonium.</i>)—<i>Fusus albus.</i>—Lerwick, Zetland, Orkneys, etc., 45 fath., and deep, R. Ventricose, cancellated.</p> @@ -3362,15 +3322,15 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Erato.</span></p> - <p class="ind2">27. <span class="sc">E. lævis</span>, <i>Donovan</i>, + <p class="ind2">27. <span class="sc">E. lævis</span>, <i>Donovan</i>, (<i>Voluta.</i>)—<i>E.</i>, <i>Marginella</i>, <i>Bulla</i>, - <i>Volvaria</i>, and <i>Columbella fusiformis</i>, <i>Cypræola</i>, + <i>Volvaria</i>, and <i>Columbella fusiformis</i>, <i>Cypræola</i>, <i>Donovani</i>, <i>Muscaria</i>, etc.—Brit. co. generally, 1 to 50 fath., Mc.</p> -<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Cypræa.</span></p> +<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Cypræa.</span></p> - <p class="ind2">28. <span class="sc">C. europæa</span>, + <p class="ind2">28. <span class="sc">C. europæa</span>, <i>Mont.</i>—<i>Cypr.</i> and <i>Trivia</i>, <i>Pediculus arctica</i>, <i>bullata</i>, and <i>diaphana</i>.—Brit. co. generally, 0 to 50 fath., C.</p> @@ -3427,7 +3387,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) generally, C. N. and S. Eu.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>8. <span - class="sc">C. nitidula</span>, <i>Lovén.</i>—<i>C.</i> and <i>Bulla + class="sc">C. nitidula</span>, <i>Lovén.</i>—<i>C.</i> and <i>Bulla n.</i> and <i>umbilicata</i>.—Skye, Loch Fyne, etc., R. N. Eu. Elongated, oval.</p> @@ -3436,7 +3396,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) Conical.</p> <p class="ind2">10. <span class="sc">C. strigilla</span>, - <i>Lovén.</i>—<i>C.</i>, <i>Bulla</i>, and <i>Atys s.</i> and + <i>Lovén.</i>—<i>C.</i>, <i>Bulla</i>, and <i>Atys s.</i> and <i>ovulata</i>.—Scotland, Mr. Spirally striated.</p> <p class="ind2">11. <span class="sc">C. umbilicata</span>, <i>Mont.</i> @@ -3461,7 +3421,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Akera.</span></p> <p class="ind2">16. <span class="sc">A. bullata</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Bulla Akera</i>, <i>B. norvegica</i>, <i>B. + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Bulla Akera</i>, <i>B. norvegica</i>, <i>B. resiliens</i>, <i>fragilis</i>, <i>flexilis</i>, <i>Hanleyi</i>.—Southampton, Zetland, Galway, etc. Littoral, Mc. N. and S. Eu.</p> @@ -3485,31 +3445,31 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Philine.</span></p> <p class="ind2">20. <span class="sc">P. aperta</span>, - <i>Linn.</i>—<i>P. Bulla</i>, <i>Bullæa</i>, and <i>Lobaria a.</i>, + <i>Linn.</i>—<i>P. Bulla</i>, <i>Bullæa</i>, and <i>Lobaria a.</i>, <i>quadripartita</i>, <i>quadrilobata</i>, and <i>Planciana</i>.—Brit. co. gen., C. S. Eu. Large, smooth.</p> <p class="ind2">21. <span class="sc">P. scabra</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Bulla</i> and <i>Scaphander scabra</i>, + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Bulla</i> and <i>Scaphander scabra</i>, <i>pectinata</i>, <i>dilatata</i>, and <i>catenulifera</i>.—Northumberland, Zetland, Ireland, etc., Mc., 5 to 50 fath. N. Eu. Oblong, serrated.</p> <p class="ind2">22. <span class="sc">P. quadrata</span>, <i>S. - Wood.</i>—<i>Bullæa</i> and <i>P. scutulum</i>.—Zetland, + Wood.</i>—<i>Bullæa</i> and <i>P. scutulum</i>.—Zetland, etc., 10 to 100 fath., R. Striated.</p> <p class="ind2">23. <span class="sc">P. catena</span>, - <i>Mont.</i>—<i>Bulla</i> and <i>Bullæa c.</i>, <i>angustata</i>, + <i>Mont.</i>—<i>Bulla</i> and <i>Bullæa c.</i>, <i>angustata</i>, and <i>punctata</i>,—Brit. co. generally, Mr., 0 to 40 fath. With chain-like sculpture.</p> <p class="ind2">24. <span class="sc">P. punctata</span>, - <i>Clark.</i>—<i>Bulla</i> and <i>Bullæa</i>.—Devon, Swansea, + <i>Clark.</i>—<i>Bulla</i> and <i>Bullæa</i>.—Devon, Swansea, Aberdeen, Clare. In sand, 60 fath., Mc. With punctured sculpture.</p> <p class="ind2">25. <span class="sc">P. pruinosa</span>, - <i>Clark.</i>—<i>Bulla</i> and <i>Bullæa</i>.—Devon, + <i>Clark.</i>—<i>Bulla</i> and <i>Bullæa</i>.—Devon, Northumb., Hebrides, etc. Mud, 20 to 70 fath. N. Eu.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Scaphander.</span></p> @@ -3553,12 +3513,12 @@ by The Internet Archive) </div> <p class="ac lg125">PLATE XXI.</p> -<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Limnæus.</span> In and near fresh-water.</p> +<p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Limnæus.</span> In and near fresh-water.</p> <p class="sm">Fig.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>1, 2. <span - class="sc">L. pereger</span>, <i>Müller</i> + class="sc">L. pereger</span>, <i>Müller</i> (<i>Buccinum.</i>)—<i>Helix</i>, <i>Turbo</i>, <i>Bulimus</i>, and <i>L. putris</i>, <i>inflata</i>, <i>teres</i>, <i>lutea</i>, <i>limosa</i>, <i>ovata</i>, <i>vulgaris</i>, <i>marginata</i>, @@ -3572,7 +3532,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) etc., not so generally as No. 1, 2, C.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>4. <span - class="sc">L. palustris</span>, <i>Müller</i>, + class="sc">L. palustris</span>, <i>Müller</i>, (<i>Bucc.</i>)—<i>Helix</i> and <i>L. fragilis</i>, <i>fontinalis</i>, <i>stagnalis</i>, etc.—Ditches, ponds, etc., C. Whorls more numerous and less rapidly enlarged than No. 3.</p> @@ -3590,13 +3550,13 @@ by The Internet Archive) R. Apex sharp and tapering; aperture smaller than No. 5.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>7. <span - class="sc">L. truncatulus</span>, <i>Müller</i>, + class="sc">L. truncatulus</span>, <i>Müller</i>, (<i>Bucc.</i>)—<i>H.</i>, <i>B.</i>, and <i>L. truncatus</i>, <i>fossarius</i>, <i>minutus</i>, <i>limosus</i>, etc.—Partly amphibious, generally diffused, C. Small, spire equal to body.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>8. <span - class="sc">L. glaber</span>, <i>Müller</i>, + class="sc">L. glaber</span>, <i>Müller</i>, (<i>Buccinum.</i>)—<i>H.</i>, <i>B.</i>, and <i>L. octanfracta</i>, <i>peregrina</i>, <i>elongata</i>, <i>octona</i>, <i>leucostoma</i>, etc.—Fresh and brackish marshes, Stafford, Somerset, York, etc., R. @@ -3606,7 +3566,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) class="sc">L. involutus</span>, <i>Harvey.</i>—<i>Amphipeplea i.</i>—Lake near Killarney, Belfast, Rr. Spire almost covered.</p> - <p class="ind2">10. <span class="sc">L. glutinosus</span>, <i>Müller</i>, + <p class="ind2">10. <span class="sc">L. glutinosus</span>, <i>Müller</i>, (<i>Buccinum.</i>)—<i>Helix</i>, <i>Amphipeplea</i>, and <i>L.</i>—Windermere, etc., Mr. Oval.</p> @@ -3617,7 +3577,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Physa.</span> In and near fresh-water.</p> <p class="ind2">12. <span class="sc">P. hypnorum</span>, <i>Linn.</i> - (<i>Bulla.</i>)—<i>Helix</i>, <i>Physa</i>, <i>Limnæa</i>, and + (<i>Bulla.</i>)—<i>Helix</i>, <i>Physa</i>, <i>Limnæa</i>, and <i>Aplexa turrita</i> and <i>marmorata</i>. Pools and lakes, Brit. generally, C.</p> @@ -3629,7 +3589,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Ancylus.</span> In fresh-water.</p> <p class="ind2">14, 15. <span class="sc">A. fluviatilis</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Patella lacustris.</i>—Running streams, on + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Patella lacustris.</i>—Running streams, on stones and plants generally, C. Oval, apex turned to left.</p> <p class="ind2">16, 17. <span class="sc">A. oblongus</span>, @@ -3645,16 +3605,16 @@ by The Internet Archive) and ditches generally, C.</p> <p class="ind2">19. <span class="sc">P. albus</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Helix</i> and <i>P. hispidus</i>, + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Helix</i> and <i>P. hispidus</i>, <i>hirsutus</i>.—Distribution general, C. Finely ciliated in lines.</p> <p class="ind2">20. <span class="sc">P. glaber</span>, - <i>Jeffreys.</i>—<i>P. lævis</i>, Alder.—Penzance, Falmouth, + <i>Jeffreys.</i>—<i>P. lævis</i>, Alder.—Penzance, Falmouth, Swansea, Belfast, etc., Mr.</p> <p class="ind2">21. <span class="sc">P. nautileus</span>, <i>Linn.</i> - (<i>Helix.</i>)—<i>P. imbricatus</i>, Müller; <i>P. cristatus</i>, + (<i>Helix.</i>)—<i>P. imbricatus</i>, Müller; <i>P. cristatus</i>, <i>Turbo nautileus</i>, etc., Mc. With horny ridges.</p> <p class="ind2">22. <span class="sc">P. contortus</span>, <i>Linn.</i> @@ -3663,7 +3623,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) aperture semi-lunar.</p> <p class="ind2">23. <span class="sc">P. carinatus</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Helix Planorbis</i>, Linn.; <i>P. planata</i> and + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Helix Planorbis</i>, Linn.; <i>P. planata</i> and <i>lutescens</i>.—Generally distr., C. Whorls more rapidly increased than No. 24; keel more distinct.</p> @@ -3681,7 +3641,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) Fewer whorls than No. 25; mouth not angular.</p> <p class="ind2">27. <span class="sc">P. nitidus</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Helix</i> and <i>P. fontanus</i>, + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Helix</i> and <i>P. fontanus</i>, <i>complanatus</i>, and <i>lenticularis</i>.—Most parts of Brit., Mc. Very compressed.</p> @@ -3705,7 +3665,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>1. <span class="sc">S. putris</span>, <i>Linn.</i> - (<i>Helix.</i>)—<i>H.</i>, <i>S.</i>, and <i>Limnæa Succinea</i> + (<i>Helix.</i>)—<i>H.</i>, <i>S.</i>, and <i>Limnæa Succinea</i> and <i>amphibia</i>.—On plants by the side of rivers, ditches, etc., C. Rather oval in form.</p> @@ -3725,7 +3685,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>4. <span class="sc">C. bidentatus</span>, <i>Mont.</i> - (<i>Voluta.</i>)—<i>C.</i>, <i>N.</i>, <i>Actæon</i>, and + (<i>Voluta.</i>)—<i>C.</i>, <i>N.</i>, <i>Actæon</i>, and <i>Auricula alba</i> (var.) and <i>erosa</i>.—Salt-water marshes, and on rocks near high-water mark all round our coasts, C. No tooth on outer lip.</p> @@ -3738,7 +3698,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>6. <span class="sc">C. denticulatus</span>, <i>Mont.</i> (<i>Voluta.</i>)—<i>C.</i>, <i>V.</i>, <i>Auricula</i>, and - <i>Actæon ringens</i>, <i>reflexa</i> (var. f. 7), <i>Mysotis</i>, and + <i>Actæon ringens</i>, <i>reflexa</i> (var. f. 7), <i>Mysotis</i>, and <i>personata</i>.—Numerous places, near the sea, C. Outer lip with many teeth.</p> @@ -3749,19 +3709,19 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Carychium.</span></p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>8. <span - class="sc">C. minimum</span>, <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Turbo + class="sc">C. minimum</span>, <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Turbo Carychium</i>, <i>Auricula minima</i>.—Moist places, wet Mosses, etc. Generally distr., C.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Limax.</span> Land Slug, with shell under shield.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>9. <span - class="sc">L. cinereus</span> <i>Müller.</i>—<i>L. maximus</i>, + class="sc">L. cinereus</span> <i>Müller.</i>—<i>L. maximus</i>, <i>maculatus</i>, <i>Limacella parma</i>. Brit. gen., C.; Eu. Shell oval, large, thin.</p> <p class="ind2">10. <span class="sc">L. agrestis</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>L. concava</i> and <i>obliquus</i>.—Brit, + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>L. concava</i> and <i>obliquus</i>.—Brit, gen., C. <i>Foss cr.</i> Shell small, oblique.</p> <p class="ind2">11. <span class="sc">L. brunneus</span>, @@ -3776,16 +3736,16 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Testacella.</span> Slug with shell on tail.</p> <p class="ind2">13. <span class="sc">T. Maugei</span>, - <i>Férussac.</i>—Clifton, Taunton, Plymouth, Swansea, etc., Mr. + <i>Férussac.</i>—Clifton, Taunton, Plymouth, Swansea, etc., Mr. Large, and more square than 14.</p> <p class="ind2">14. <span class="sc">T. haliotoidea</span>, - <i>Drap.</i>—<i>T. europæa</i>, <i>T. scutulum</i>.—Near + <i>Drap.</i>—<i>T. europæa</i>, <i>T. scutulum</i>.—Near London. Channel Isls., etc., Mc.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Vitrina.</span> Shell not including the whole Slug.</p> - <p class="ind2">15. <span class="sc">V. pellucida</span>, <i>Müller</i>, + <p class="ind2">15. <span class="sc">V. pellucida</span>, <i>Müller</i>, (<i>Helix.</i>)—<i>H. diaphana</i>, <i>Helicolimax</i>, <i>Limacina major</i>, etc.—Various parts of the country, under stones, etc., Mc. Eu. Very transparent.</p> @@ -3797,16 +3757,16 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Zonites.</span> Transparent, thin-edged Snails.</p> <p class="ind2">17, 18. <span class="sc">Z. cellarius</span>, - <i>Müller</i>, (<i>Helix.</i>)—<i>H.</i> and <i>Z. lucida</i> and + <i>Müller</i>, (<i>Helix.</i>)—<i>H.</i> and <i>Z. lucida</i> and <i>nitens</i>.—Brit. gen., C.</p> <p class="ind2">19, 20. <span class="sc">Z. nitidus</span>, - <i>Müller</i>, (<i>Helix.</i>)—<i>H.</i> and <i>Z. nitens</i>, + <i>Müller</i>, (<i>Helix.</i>)—<i>H.</i> and <i>Z. nitens</i>, <i>lucida</i>, <i>tennis</i>, <i>Succinea</i>, etc.—Less depressed than 17, 18, with larger umbilicus.</p> <p class="ind2">21. <span class="sc">Z. crystallinus</span>, - <i>Müller</i>, (<i>Helix.</i>)—<i>H.</i>, <i>Z.</i>, <i>Discus</i>, + <i>Müller</i>, (<i>Helix.</i>)—<i>H.</i>, <i>Z.</i>, <i>Discus</i>, and <i>"Polita" c.</i>, <i>eburnea</i>, <i>vitrea</i>.—In damp spots, among stones and Moss. Minute, white, transparent.</p> @@ -3845,12 +3805,12 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="sm">Fig.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>1. <span - class="sc">H. pisana</span>, <i>Müller.</i>—<i>H. zonaria</i>, + class="sc">H. pisana</span>, <i>Müller.</i>—<i>H. zonaria</i>, <i>cingenda</i>, <i>rhodostoma</i>, <i>strigata</i>, <i>albella</i>.—Cornwall, S. Wales, Dublin, C. S. and N. Eu.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>2. <span - class="sc">H. aspersa</span>, <i>Müller.</i>—<i>H. grisea</i>, + class="sc">H. aspersa</span>, <i>Müller.</i>—<i>H. grisea</i>, <i>hortensis</i>, <i>variegata</i>, <i>vulgaris</i>, etc.—Common in all our gardens and hedges.</p> @@ -3864,14 +3824,14 @@ by The Internet Archive) etc.—South and west Engl., C.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>5. <span - class="sc">H. ericetorum</span>, <i>Müller.</i>—<i>H. itala</i>, + class="sc">H. ericetorum</span>, <i>Müller.</i>—<i>H. itala</i>, <i>striata</i>, <i>albella</i>, <i>erica</i>, <i>nivea</i>, - <i>cæspita</i>, etc.—Chalky and sandy places, C. Depressed, + <i>cæspita</i>, etc.—Chalky and sandy places, C. Depressed, delicately banded; large umbilicus.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>6. <span class="sc">H. rufescens</span>, <i>Pennant.</i>—<i>H. rufina</i>, - <i>montana</i>, <i>cælata</i>, <i>clandestina</i>, etc.—Most common + <i>montana</i>, <i>cælata</i>, <i>clandestina</i>, etc.—Most common in southern, chalky and limestone districts. Depressed, striated; whorls slightly angular. Generally lighter than our figure, sometimes nearly white.</p> @@ -3896,11 +3856,11 @@ by The Internet Archive) umbilicus.</p> <p class="ind2">12. <span class="sc">H. obvoluta</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>H. trigonophora</i>, etc.—Ditcham Wood, + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>H. trigonophora</i>, etc.—Ditcham Wood, Hampshire. In Moss at roots of trees, Rr.</p> <p class="ind2">13. <span class="sc">H. fulva</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>H. terrestris</i>, <i>trochiformis</i>, + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>H. terrestris</i>, <i>trochiformis</i>, <i>nitidula</i>, etc.—Pretty general and common. Conical, minute, transparent.</p> @@ -3912,7 +3872,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) etc.—Chalk-pits, etc., C.</p> <p class="ind2">16. <span class="sc">H. carthusiana</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>H. nitida</i>, <i>carthusianella</i>, + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>H. nitida</i>, <i>carthusianella</i>, <i>rufilabris</i>, etc.—Chalk-districts of Surrey and Kent, C.</p> <p class="ind2">17, 18. <span class="sc">H. nemoralis</span>, @@ -3927,11 +3887,11 @@ by The Internet Archive) radiata</i>, <i>Turtoni</i>, etc.—Common and general.</p> <p class="ind2">22, 23. <span class="sc">H. pulchella</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>H. costata</i>, <i>paludosa</i>, <i>crenella</i>, + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>H. costata</i>, <i>paludosa</i>, <i>crenella</i>, <i>minuta</i>, etc.—Common and general under stones, etc.</p> <p class="ind2">24. <span class="sc">H. revelata</span>, - <i>Férussac.</i>—Cornwall, Devon, Torquay, Guernsey. Rare. A + <i>Férussac.</i>—Cornwall, Devon, Torquay, Guernsey. Rare. A transparent, greenish, hairy shell.</p> <p class="ind2">25. <span class="sc">H. aperta.</span>—<i>H. @@ -3942,7 +3902,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <i>Mont.</i>—<i>H. rupestris</i>, etc.—On perpendicular heights and under stones, C.</p> - <p class="ind2">27. <span class="sc">H. pygmæa</span>, + <p class="ind2">27. <span class="sc">H. pygmæa</span>, <i>Drap.</i>—<i>H. minuta</i>, etc.—Common in damp places.</p> @@ -3951,7 +3911,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <i>seminulum</i>.—Brit. and Germany, C.</p> <p class="ind2">29. <span class="sc">H. aculeata</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>H. spinulosa</i>, etc.—Among Moss and + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>H. spinulosa</i>, etc.—Among Moss and stones, etc., C. General.</p> <p class="ind2"><a name="plate24"></a></p> @@ -3972,11 +3932,11 @@ by The Internet Archive) Selborne, N. and S. Eu., R. as Brit. Shagreened.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>2. <span - class="sc">B. obscurus</span>, <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Turbo rupium</i>, + class="sc">B. obscurus</span>, <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Turbo rupium</i>, <i>B. hordaceus</i>, etc.—C. and general. Surface smooth.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>3, 4. <span - class="sc">B. acutus</span>, <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Helix barbara</i>, + class="sc">B. acutus</span>, <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Helix barbara</i>, <i>B. cretacea</i>, <i>articulatus</i>, <i>Turbo fasciatus</i>, etc.—On sand and limestone in marine neighbourhoods, C.</p> @@ -4000,7 +3960,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) etc.—C. and gen. A rib behind the outer lip.</p> <p class="ind2"><span class="hid">0</span>8. <span - class="sc">P. anglica</span>, <i>Férussac.</i>—<i>Vertigo</i>, + class="sc">P. anglica</span>, <i>Férussac.</i>—<i>Vertigo</i>, <i>Turbo</i>, and <i>P. a.</i> and <i>ringens</i>.—Scarborough, Newcastle, Guernsey, etc., Mr. More cylindrical than 5.</p> @@ -4010,29 +3970,29 @@ by The Internet Archive) etc.—C. and gen. No teeth in aperture; smooth.</p> <p class="ind2">10. <span class="sc">P. minutissima</span>, - <i>Hartmann.</i>—<i>P.</i>, <i>Vertigo</i>, <i>Alæa cylindrica</i>, + <i>Hartmann.</i>—<i>P.</i>, <i>Vertigo</i>, <i>Alæa cylindrica</i>, <i>obtusa</i>, <i>muscorum</i>, etc.—Bristol, Salisbury, Skye, etc., R. as Brit.; C. in S. Eu. No teeth in aperture; striated.</p> - <p class="ind2">11, 12. <span class="sc">P. pygmæa</span>, + <p class="ind2">11, 12. <span class="sc">P. pygmæa</span>, <i>Drap.</i>—<i>P.</i>, <i>T.</i>, <i>V.</i>, <i>H.</i>, - <i>Alæa</i>, etc., <i>sexdentatus</i>, <i>quinquedentatus</i>, + <i>Alæa</i>, etc., <i>sexdentatus</i>, <i>quinquedentatus</i>, <i>vulgaris</i>, etc.—The lighter variety, <i>P. alpestris</i>, C. and general. Four or five teeth.</p> <p class="ind2">13. <span class="sc">P. substriata</span>, - <i>Jeffreys.</i>—<i>Vertigo</i>, <i>Turbo</i>, <i>Alæa + <i>Jeffreys.</i>—<i>Vertigo</i>, <i>Turbo</i>, <i>Alæa sexdentata</i>, <i>curta</i>, etc.—C. and gen. Very cylindrical; six teeth; striated.</p> <p class="ind2">14. <span class="sc">P. antivertigo</span>, - <i>Drap.</i>—<i>P.</i>, <i>V.</i>, <i>Alæa octodentata</i>, + <i>Drap.</i>—<i>P.</i>, <i>V.</i>, <i>Alæa octodentata</i>, <i>septemdentata</i>, <i>palustris</i>, etc.—Near Swansea and London; Bristol, Devon, Northumberland, Ayr, Mr. Ireland. Aperture subtrigonal, eight or nine teeth.</p> <p class="ind2">15. <span class="sc">P. pusilla</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Helix vertigo</i>, and <i>V. + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Helix vertigo</i>, and <i>V. heterostropha</i>.—S. Wales, Northumberland, Belfast, etc., Mc. Sinistral, with seven teeth.</p> @@ -4073,7 +4033,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Zua.</span></p> - <p class="ind2">22. <span class="sc">Z. lubrica</span>, <i>Müller</i>, + <p class="ind2">22. <span class="sc">Z. lubrica</span>, <i>Müller</i>, (<i>Helix.</i>)—<i>Turbo</i>, <i>Bulimus l.</i>, <i>subcylindrica</i>, <i>muscorum</i>, etc.—C. and gen. Among leaves and under stones.</p> @@ -4088,13 +4048,13 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Achatina.</span></p> <p class="ind2">24. <span class="sc">A. acicula</span>, - <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Buccinum</i>, <i>Bulimus</i>, <i>Helix + <i>Müller.</i>—<i>Buccinum</i>, <i>Bulimus</i>, <i>Helix octona</i>, <i>terrestre</i>, etc.—In marshy places, among Grass, etc., C. S. Eu.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><span class="sc">Cyclostoma.</span> Snail with operculum.</p> - <p class="ind2">25. <span class="sc">C. elegans</span>, <i>Müller</i>, + <p class="ind2">25. <span class="sc">C. elegans</span>, <i>Müller</i>, (<i>Nerita.</i>)—<i>Turbo reflexus</i>, <i>T. tumidus</i>, <i>striatus</i>, <i>elegans</i>.—Chalky districts of S. Engl., C.</p> @@ -4168,7 +4128,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) guiding principle in deciding the claims of certain groups to generic separation. The illustrations will be copious and of full size, embracing every marked form, whether recent or fossil, and whether adopted as a - genus or not. The price is not yet fixed, but is expected to be about £3 + genus or not. The price is not yet fixed, but is expected to be about £3 3s. To appear between March and May, 1866.</p> <p class="ac scac">G. B. S., jun., will be glad to receive the names and addresses of those who desire to see the Work when published.</p> @@ -4195,7 +4155,7 @@ by The Internet Archive) Shells.</p> <p><span class="sc">London Clay.</span>—Fish-heads, Teeth, Fruits, - Teredinæ, etc.</p> + Teredinæ, etc.</p> <p><span class="sc">Chalk</span> and <span class="sc">Gault</span>.—A magnificent series, including fine @@ -4223,8 +4183,8 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p>Among a most extensive range of genera and species are included Voluta Rossiana, V. fulgetrum, Conus Aurisiacus, C. princeps, C. marchionatus, a - fine series of C. venulatus, etc., Halia Priamus, Cypræa picta, Cardium - hians, C. Æolicum (true), Galathæa concamerata, Velorita, Anastoma, + fine series of C. venulatus, etc., Halia Priamus, Cypræa picta, Cardium + hians, C. Æolicum (true), Galathæa concamerata, Velorita, Anastoma, beautiful Spondyli, etc. Series of British Shells made up.</p> <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><b>MINERALS.</b></p> @@ -4245,9 +4205,9 @@ by The Internet Archive) <p class="ac" style="margin-top:3ex;"><b>BOOKS, NEW AND SECOND-HAND.</b></p> <p>Works on Crustacea, including Milne-Edwards' 'Histoire;' Desmarets' - 'Considérations;' Roux, 'Crust. de la Méditerranée;' 'Crustacea of the + 'Considérations;' Roux, 'Crust. de la Méditerranée;' 'Crustacea of the Fauna Japonica,' etc.; on Zoology, the 'Historia de Chili;' 'Journal de - Conchyliologie,' by Crosse; Bernardi's 'Monog. des Galathées,' etc.; + Conchyliologie,' by Crosse; Bernardi's 'Monog. des Galathées,' etc.; Supplement to Sowerby's 'Cones;' Deshayes' 'Coquilles Fossiles de Paris;' Sowerby's Thesaurus Conchyliorum, Pt. 1 to 22; Sowerby's 'Wild Flowers;' and new edition of Sowerby's 'English Botany.'</p> @@ -4262,388 +4222,6 @@ by The Internet Archive) furnished. Sets made up to illustrate Formations, Classes, or Genera, and specimens forwarded on approval.</i></p> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Illustrated Index of British Shells, by -George Brettingham Sowerby - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ILLUSTRATED INDEX OF BRITISH SHELLS *** - -***** This file should be named 43305-h.htm or 43305-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/3/3/0/43305/ - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Keith Edkins and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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