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diff --git a/43002-h/43002-h.htm b/43002-h/43002-h.htm index 1a66987..80db0b9 100644 --- a/43002-h/43002-h.htm +++ b/43002-h/43002-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Church of Grasmere, by Mary. L. Armitt. @@ -174,49 +174,7 @@ div.tn { </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Church of Grasmere, by Mary L. Armitt - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: The Church of Grasmere - A History - -Author: Mary L. Armitt - -Illustrator: Margaret L. Sumner - -Release Date: June 21, 2013 [EBook #43002] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CHURCH OF GRASMERE *** - - - - -Produced by sp1nd, Julia Neufeld and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43002 ***</div> <div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 450px;"><a name="ARMITT" id="ARMITT"></a> <img src="images/i_001.jpg" width="450" height="590" alt="MARY L. ARMITT" /> @@ -454,7 +412,7 @@ no trouble too great if it led to the chance of seeing some rare kind nesting in the neighbourhood. Equally keenly would she follow up the threads of some local history, for she had the true scientific spirit and a genuine -passion for archæology, so that by constant study she +passion for archæology, so that by constant study she had accumulated a surprising mass of information relating to old historic Westmorland, and to Ambleside, Rydal and Grasmere in particular. Of Ambleside she has @@ -1146,7 +1104,7 @@ runs by the Stock Beck—thus cutting the now thriving town of Ambleside into two parts, one of which belonged to Grasmere and the other to Windermere—there seems a probability of it having been delineated at -an early period, when the <em>sæter</em> of some Norse settler was +an early period, when the <em>sæter</em> of some Norse settler was but an insignificant clearing in the forest.</p> <p>Every parish is but a unit in a complex Church organization, @@ -1681,7 +1639,7 @@ additional benefice with cure of souls.<a name="FNanchor_57_57" id="FNanchor_57_ record of the church discovered so far.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span></p> <p>The value of the rectory is stated in the dispensation -to be ten marks (£6 13s. 4d.). Estimates, however, varied +to be ten marks (£6 13s. 4d.). Estimates, however, varied widely. About 1291 a taxation was made out for all ecclesiastical benefices in England, the cause being Pope Nicholas I.'s promise of the tenths which he claimed from @@ -1691,7 +1649,7 @@ standard of taxation until the time of Henry VIII. It is said to have been completed for the Province of York in 1292; and it sets down the "church of Gressemere" in the Archdeaconry of Richmondshire as being worth -£16, and that of Wynandermere as £10.<a name="FNanchor_58_58" id="FNanchor_58_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_58_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a></p> +£16, and that of Wynandermere as £10.<a name="FNanchor_58_58" id="FNanchor_58_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_58_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a></p> <p>But the high valuation of 1292 did not hold good. Complaints from the northern clergy that through impoverishment @@ -1699,7 +1657,7 @@ by various causes, but chiefly the invasions of the Scots, they were by no means able to pay so high a tax, produced some amelioration. A correction was made in 1318, when Windermere was written down at -£2 13s. 4d., and Grasmere at £3 6s. 8d., or five marks. +£2 13s. 4d., and Grasmere at £3 6s. 8d., or five marks. And at this figure it remained.</p> <p>It stood indeed at five marks in 1283, when the first @@ -1716,39 +1674,39 @@ the subject of correspondence between the author and myself, and she writes: "The so called taxation of Pope Nicholas IV. was acknowledged to be too high for the Northern Counties; but the reduction of Grasmere, when the alteration was made -in 1318, from £16 to five marks (£3 6s. 8d.) is unaccountable to +in 1318, from £16 to five marks (£3 6s. 8d.) is unaccountable to me." It had stood at this figure previously but had been raised -to £16, and, as will be seen in the text, as early as 1301 in the +to £16, and, as will be seen in the text, as early as 1301 in the reign of Edward I., when the abbot of St. Mary's, York, was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span> allowed to appropriate "the chapels of Gresmer and Wynandermere," -Gresmer is described as being worth £20. In 1344, +Gresmer is described as being worth £20. In 1344, at the Archbishop's Visitation, it is described as worth 5 marks; only to be again raised in 1435. In that year upon the death of John, duke of Bedford and earl of Kendal, to whom they had been granted by his father, Henry IV., we find among the items of his property "the advowsons of Wynandermere and Gressemere -each of which is worth £20 yearly." After this the tithes +each of which is worth £20 yearly." After this the tithes again reverted to 5 marks and in the reign of Henry VIII. the "pension" paid to the abbey is put down as only half of that -sum, viz. £1 13s. 4d. at which it still remains.</p> +sum, viz. £1 13s. 4d. at which it still remains.</p> <p>The terms "pension" and "advowson" may not always mean the same thing, thus advowson seems to be used sometimes as synonymous with tithe. Hence Miss Armitt writes "The parish churches, such as Kendal, Grasmere, etc., were "taxed" from -the twelfth century onward at a certain figure—ten marks (£6 -13s. 4d.) £16 or £30. What did this taxation represent? The +the twelfth century onward at a certain figure—ten marks (£6 +13s. 4d.) £16 or £30. What did this taxation represent? The absolute sum to be paid by the rector from the tithes to king, pope, archdeacon, court, or feudal lord? or was it a valuation only of the tithes, from which was calculated the amounts of the various 'scots' or annual payments to ecclesiastical or temporal -authorities?" It seems not unlikely that the rise from £3 6s. 8d. -to £20 in the reign of Edward I. may be accounted for by the +authorities?" It seems not unlikely that the rise from £3 6s. 8d. +to £20 in the reign of Edward I. may be accounted for by the fact that the "Old Valor" which was granted by authority of Innocent the fourth to Henry III. in 1253 was superseded in 1291 by the "New Valor" granted to Edward I. by Nicholas IV., so that when Henry IV. granted the chapels of Grasmere and Windermere -to his son John they were valued in 1435 at £20 each. They +to his son John they were valued in 1435 at £20 each. They were only being put back to the sum named in the "New Valor" of 1291 which had been allowed in 1344 to drop to the 5 marks at which they had stood in the "Old Valor." The tithe taxation @@ -1872,7 +1830,7 @@ Vere, earl of Oxford (1382); and when the latter was outlawed by Parliament in 1388 it was confirmed to her.<a name="FNanchor_71_71" id="FNanchor_71_71"></a><a href="#Footnote_71_71" class="fnanchor">[71]</a> After her death (1411) she was declared to have been seised of the advowson of the chapel of Grismere, taxed -at £10, and that of Wynandermere, taxed at 100s.<a name="FNanchor_72_72" id="FNanchor_72_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_72_72" class="fnanchor">[72]</a></p> +at £10, and that of Wynandermere, taxed at 100s.<a name="FNanchor_72_72" id="FNanchor_72_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_72_72" class="fnanchor">[72]</a></p> <p>Phillipa had no children. Henry IV. now granted the Fee to his son, John, created duke of Bedford and earl of @@ -1935,7 +1893,7 @@ By the reign of Henry I. they had begun to appropriate rectories, and in 1212 the parish church of Crosthwaite was given over to the control of Fountains Abbey in Yorkshire, which carried off all the profits of the tithes, -merely restoring £5 a year to the rector, who was elected +merely restoring £5 a year to the rector, who was elected by its chapter.<a name="FNanchor_77_77" id="FNanchor_77_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_77_77" class="fnanchor">[77]</a> St. Mary's Abbey had been founded in York city in 1088, and its chapter found it necessary by the end of the thirteenth century to look round the great @@ -2041,7 +1999,7 @@ monastery of St. Mary, against the common right detain the parish churches and chapels, portions, pensions, and parochial tithes underwritten, namely, ... the annual pensions in the parts of Richmond: of the church of Richmond 100s. and 20 lbs of -wax, ... of the vicarage of Kirkby Kendall £4, of the churches +wax, ... of the vicarage of Kirkby Kendall £4, of the churches of Gresmere and Winandermers 5 marks.... We have commanded the said abbot and convent ... to show their rights and titles before us and have caused them to be called, ... and @@ -2144,7 +2102,7 @@ William Holgill was appointed.<a name="FNanchor_93_93" id="FNanchor_93_93"></a>< <p>Of other rectors of the post-Reformation period we know little or nothing. Richard, "clericus," was taxed -in 1332 on goods worth £4, a sum higher by £1 than any +in 1332 on goods worth £4, a sum higher by £1 than any land-holding parishioner in the three townships.<a name="FNanchor_94_94" id="FNanchor_94_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_94_94" class="fnanchor">[94]</a></p> @@ -2315,7 +2273,7 @@ speculators procured a licence to sell again, and they passed over their purchase of the Grasmere advowson, and of all woods upon the premises—meaning no doubt the old demesne of the Lindesay Fee—to Alan Bellingham, -gent., for £30 11s. 5<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d.<a name="FNanchor_98_98" id="FNanchor_98_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_98_98" class="fnanchor">[98]</a> Bellingham in the same year<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> +gent., for £30 11s. 5<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d.<a name="FNanchor_98_98" id="FNanchor_98_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_98_98" class="fnanchor">[98]</a> Bellingham in the same year<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> purchased direct from the Crown that portion of Grasmere known as the Lumley Fee—thus gaining the lordship of some part of the valley.</p> @@ -2331,13 +2289,13 @@ Since that time it has been in private hands, and bought and sold in the money market like stocks. It may perhaps be traced by sundry entries in account books, as paid by the tithe-holder: in 1645, "for a pension for Gresmire -due at Mich: last" £1 13s. 4d. It was paid in 1729 by +due at Mich: last" £1 13s. 4d. It was paid in 1729 by Dr. Fleming as "Fee-farm Rent" to the Marquis of Caermarthen; and later by Mr. Craike to the Duke of Leeds; while Sir William Fleming, as owner of the tithes of Windermere, paid the same from them.<a name="FNanchor_99_99" id="FNanchor_99_99"></a><a href="#Footnote_99_99" class="fnanchor">[99]</a> It is still paid through a London agent, being officially set down as "Net -Rent for Grasmere, £1. 6s. 8d.: Land tax, 6s. 8d." This +Rent for Grasmere, £1. 6s. 8d.: Land tax, 6s. 8d." This sum represents—not five marks—but five nobles, or half-marks. Thus it may be said that the dead hand of Henry VIII. still controls the tithes of Grasmere.</p> @@ -2367,9 +2325,9 @@ sold the tithes on a lease, and not for the period of his life (which he might have claimed as his right) but for ninety-seven years. The purchaser was his patron, Dame Marion Bellingham of Helsington, widow; and she paid -him a lump sum of £58 11s. 5<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d., upon the agreement +him a lump sum of £58 11s. 5<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d., upon the agreement that she and her heirs would furnish from the tithes a -stipend for the rector of £18 11s. 7d.<a name="FNanchor_101_101" id="FNanchor_101_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_101_101" class="fnanchor">[101]</a></p> +stipend for the rector of £18 11s. 7d.<a name="FNanchor_101_101" id="FNanchor_101_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_101_101" class="fnanchor">[101]</a></p> <p>The bargain, ratified by John, Bishop of Chester, was excellent for both parties; but it was disastrous for the @@ -2418,8 +2376,8 @@ verdict was given in his favour (1575).<a name="FNanchor_102_102" id="FNanchor_1 bargain, and the ownership of the advowson of Grasmere passed from Alan Bellingham of Fawcet Forrest, executor of Marion Bellingham, to the Rydal squire for the sum of -£100, and that of the remainder of the lease of the rectory -and tithes for £500.<a name="FNanchor_103_103" id="FNanchor_103_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_103_103" class="fnanchor">[103]</a> The tenfold increase of the purchase +£100, and that of the remainder of the lease of the rectory +and tithes for £500.<a name="FNanchor_103_103" id="FNanchor_103_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_103_103" class="fnanchor">[103]</a> The tenfold increase of the purchase money in twenty-four years time shows the enormous increase in tithe value when in the grasp of lay hands;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span> for a rise of agricultural prosperity would not account for @@ -2605,7 +2563,7 @@ land thereto. This was immediately before the appointment of John Bell as curate. The pledge was repeated in a deed of the year 1597.</p> -<p>The rector of the parish, with no more than £18 odd as +<p>The rector of the parish, with no more than £18 odd as stipend, had now to perform the entire duty of the wide parish. Nothing is known of Croft's later dealings with the rectorate, nor of Lancelot Levens, who followed him. @@ -2643,7 +2601,7 @@ tithes.</p> <tr><td align="left">Rec. more in pt. of lambe booke, for gresmire that was begun at Easter last. Rec. this 10 Aug.</td><td align="right">3</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">10</td></tr> </table></div> -<p><br />The tithes on lambs amounted therefore in 1643 to £14. 7s. 10d. Next year:—</p> +<p><br />The tithes on lambs amounted therefore in 1643 to £14. 7s. 10d. Next year:—</p> <div class="center"> @@ -2681,7 +2639,7 @@ household—high and low, either in actual fighting or in tax-paying—were felt with peculiar poignancy at Rydal Hall. Squire John Fleming, as a rich man, had not stooped to conceal his religion, and had cheerfully paid his fine of -£50 a year as a Catholic of the old faith. He died on +£50 a year as a Catholic of the old faith. He died on February 27, 1643, at an unfortunate time for his young children, when warfare was just beginning in the north-west. He was buried the same evening, like many another @@ -2772,7 +2730,7 @@ they could find (which was little) and carried off Richard Harrison to prison, where he remained till Pentecost.</p> <p>Further mischief is recorded in another paragraph of -the sheets, when the sum of £2 4s. 8d. is set down at +the sheets, when the sum of £2 4s. 8d. is set down at Easter, 1645, as "pd. for bread and wine twice at Gresmire Church in regard it was once plundered by Lawson's souldiers."</p> @@ -2990,8 +2948,8 @@ way for the cause.<a name="FNanchor_112_112" id="FNanchor_112_112"></a><a href=" </table></div> -<p>By September he had borrowed £4 more, and on December -30th, £2 10s. But the Parliamentary party had by +<p>By September he had borrowed £4 more, and on December +30th, £2 10s. But the Parliamentary party had by this time determined to put a curb on the Royalist parson's excursions. There exists among the MSS. of the Corporation of Kendal, a bond, dated November 16th, 1644, @@ -3041,7 +2999,7 @@ penticost next & either to pay it again or els to stand in paymt.</p></td><td align="right">5</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0</td></tr> </table></div> -<p>The remaining £4 was paid on May 22nd, "by order of +<p>The remaining £4 was paid on May 22nd, "by order of the Comittee." It would be interesting to know who this server of the cure was. He had been resident since at least 1641, when a child of his "Christe: Rawlinge, @@ -3074,8 +3032,8 @@ that the curates of St. John's and St. Bride's, Cumberland, borrowed money about the same time, and probably for the king's business likewise.</p> -<p>Parson Wilson—for so he was still called—borrowed £2 -more in April, 1646, making in all £10, and £5 more in +<p>Parson Wilson—for so he was still called—borrowed £2 +more in April, 1646, making in all £10, and £5 more in May. This was done by consent of the executors of the late Squire John Fleming, and he gave them a bill which terminated on September 29th. He was quite incapable @@ -3094,7 +3052,7 @@ the church, and in 1629 was elected Fellow of St. John's<span class="pagenum"><a College, Cambridge.<a name="FNanchor_114_114" id="FNanchor_114_114"></a><a href="#Footnote_114_114" class="fnanchor">[114]</a> From the first he was doubtless intended to fill the post of rector of Grasmere, as the patronage belonged to the family. Truly, the living for -the moment was worth no more than £18 11s. 7d., the +the moment was worth no more than £18 11s. 7d., the stipend paid by the tithe-holder; but Gabriel Croft's lease of the tithes was to lapse in 1647, when they would again belong to the rector. So when Wilson was found @@ -3114,7 +3072,7 @@ doctor Ambrose 7 li 10s 0d.</p></blockquote> <p>Thus the broken-down parson was mercifully left in his dilapidated house with his debt cleared, a few pounds -in hand, and the prospect of £1 yearly in lieu of the Rydal +in hand, and the prospect of £1 yearly in lieu of the Rydal demesne tithe, which was the ancient prescription.</p> <p>Little as it was, it was better than nothing, and the @@ -3444,7 +3402,7 @@ table:—</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="braith"> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Meadows, of which the "tythe-hay" is worth yearly</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">10</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Ten cow's milk each yearly 2d.</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">8</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">One tithe-calf</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">8</td></tr> @@ -3465,10 +3423,10 @@ table:—</p> <p>The demand made upon each of the foremost defendants in the lawsuit was exactly the same, showing that the estimate of the tithes was a purely conventional one. It -amounted then for each prosperous statesman to £3 14s. +amounted then for each prosperous statesman to £3 14s. 10d.—a large sum compared with the commutation of the Rydal Hall tithe; and when this figure is multiplied by -fourteen for arrears, a total of £52 7s. 8d. is reached, which +fourteen for arrears, a total of £52 7s. 8d. is reached, which was likely enough to arouse dismay and opposition. The case dragged on; and on October 20th, 1663, a commission sat at Ambleside, when witnesses were called on both sides. @@ -3490,16 +3448,16 @@ jointly. A paper exists<a name="FNanchor_123_123" id="FNanchor_123_123"></a><a h lett to the Inhabitants Anno 1726. Some wanting." It contains the names of 55 landholders, with the amount—varying from 1s. to 18s.—paid by each as an equivalent -for the tithe of corn. The total is £18 6s.</p> +for the tithe of corn. The total is £18 6s.</p> <p>This agrees with the statement of Miss Craik, who in 1752 was corresponding with Sir William Fleming on behalf of her incapable brother, the rector. While expressing her surprise that he should think of renting the tithes of corn, she tells him that Mr. Craik's collector had<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span> -been persuaded to grant a three years' lease at £14 10s., +been persuaded to grant a three years' lease at £14 10s., which was too little. The salary of the collector, she adds, -had been in a former year £5.</p> +had been in a former year £5.</p> <p>The growth of corn increased seemingly in this district as the eighteenth century went by, owing no doubt to its @@ -3888,7 +3846,7 @@ and levelled:—</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="floor"> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td> </td><td align="left">£</td><td align="left">s.</td><td align="left">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td> </td><td align="left">£</td><td align="left">s.</td><td align="left">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1674</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">It. for lying Flags of 2 graves in our third</p></td><td align="left">00</td><td align="left">00</td><td align="left">04</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1689</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">For lying the Grave Flags and mending Forms</p></td><td align="left">00</td><td align="left">00</td><td align="left">06</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1690</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">All three townships pay for "lying Flags and mending Fourmes."</p></td></tr> @@ -3896,13 +3854,13 @@ and levelled:—</p> <tr><td align="left">1728</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">For mending the Flaggs and Fourms</p></td><td align="left">00</td><td align="left">02</td><td align="left">02</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1729</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">For flagging and Leavelling ye Church floor</p></td><td align="left">00</td><td align="left">00</td><td align="left">10</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1763</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">Grasmere mende forms and levell flags, 1s. 6d.; Loughrigg and beneath Moss the same, 1s. 8d.</p></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">1772</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">New flags bought, and extensive work done upon the floor, at a total cost of £9 8s. 1<sup><small>3</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>4</small></sub> d.: the flagging of the "low end" not being completed till next year.</p></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1772</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">New flags bought, and extensive work done upon the floor, at a total cost of £9 8s. 1<sup><small>3</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>4</small></sub> d.: the flagging of the "low end" not being completed till next year.</p></td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1774</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">For "mending Furmes in Church & a Soal-tree" 12s. 4d. is paid.</p></td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1782</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">Grasmere purchases an oak tree for seats in her third, 13s. 4d., carpenter 13s. 4d.; with a final 11s. 6d. next year for repair of the old ones.</p></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">1783</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">Loughrigg and beneath Moss proceeds to the same; and two new "Sole-trees" with the railing and repairing of four forms cost £1 9s. 0d., besides 1s. 8d. spent in ale at the public auction of the contract, and 2d. for advertisement of same.</p></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1783</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">Loughrigg and beneath Moss proceeds to the same; and two new "Sole-trees" with the railing and repairing of four forms cost £1 9s. 0d., besides 1s. 8d. spent in ale at the public auction of the contract, and 2d. for advertisement of same.</p></td></tr> <tr><td align="left"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span>1811</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">For Levelling Church & mending Windows</p></td><td> </td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left">6</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1819</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">To clearing Church of Stones and Rubbish</p></td><td> </td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left">6</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">1828</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">Outlay unusual. Grasmere shows "To Flags & Flagging in the Church" 19s. 4d. "To repairing seates" 2s. 0d. Loughrigg and beneath Moss "To Ambleside Church-warden paid for New Seats" £2 1s. 6d. Langdale "To Repairing Flags in Church" £1 6s. 6d.; Seats and Wood 19s. 9d.</p></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1828</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">Outlay unusual. Grasmere shows "To Flags & Flagging in the Church" 19s. 4d. "To repairing seates" 2s. 0d. Loughrigg and beneath Moss "To Ambleside Church-warden paid for New Seats" £2 1s. 6d. Langdale "To Repairing Flags in Church" £1 6s. 6d.; Seats and Wood 19s. 9d.</p></td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1833</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">Grasmere repairs "fermes" in Church, 6d.</p></td></tr> </table></div> @@ -4032,7 +3990,7 @@ was mayor of the city in 1685,<a name="FNanchor_130_131" id="FNanchor_130_131">< with the next family brass; for we find that under date February 10th, 1682, he was paid "for ye Brass & the cutting of ye Epitaph for my Mother and Uncle Jo. -Kirkby, £4 10s 0d which my brothers Roger & William +Kirkby, £4 10s 0d which my brothers Roger & William are to pay me again." But this was for Coniston Church.</p> @@ -4163,20 +4121,20 @@ of ye ten Command'ts Creed L'ds prayer and 30 sentences, tho' y'er had but been 4 or 5 Sentences in ye Quire before and now ye ten Comma'd'ts and Creed were to be painted on each side of the quire windows The Charge of all which was commuted at -£8 0 0 and ye K'gs Arms and ye painting of ye pulpit at ye remainder. +£8 0 0 and ye K'gs Arms and ye painting of ye pulpit at ye remainder. So that the quire appearing by measure to be a 5 part -ye Parson was to pay £1 12s. 0d. but to be quit of the trouble +ye Parson was to pay £1 12s. 0d. but to be quit of the trouble of providing his proportion of lime and hair he did prefer to pay -ye 5 part of the whole £9 10s. 0d. ye parish finding all lime and -hair which was agreed to. Besides ye £9 10s. 0d. agreed to be +ye 5 part of the whole £9 10s. 0d. ye parish finding all lime and +hair which was agreed to. Besides ye £9 10s. 0d. agreed to be paid there was 5s. 0d. given to the painter in earnest to have the work done well.</p></blockquote> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s</td><td align="right">d</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s</td><td align="right">d</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">March 29. Paid for ye 5 part of the earnest money given to the painter</td><td align="left">00</td><td align="left">01</td><td align="left">0</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">June 21. Paid to Mr. James Addison for ye parsons share of painting the Church being ye 5 part of £9 10 0</td><td align="right">00</td><td align="right">18</td><td align="right">0</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">June 21. Paid to Mr. James Addison for ye parsons share of painting the Church being ye 5 part of £9 10 0</td><td align="right">00</td><td align="right">18</td><td align="right">0</td></tr> </table></div> <p>The contract included the painting of the pulpit of a @@ -4226,7 +4184,7 @@ bells, as we shall see, had to wait.</p> <p>Not until a hundred years later was a vestry thought of. In 1810 Thomas Ellis was paid 7s. for planning it, -and George Dixon £12 2s. 1d. for its erection. It is said +and George Dixon £12 2s. 1d. for its erection. It is said to have been made of wood, and simply partitioned off the north-west angle of the church. It was fitted with a "grate," that cost with carriage 19s.; and this being set @@ -4243,7 +4201,7 @@ the Reformation, and the service then abolished.<a name="FNanchor_135_136" id="F a church choir entailed its special expenses. In 1812 the ladies of Rydal Hall, widow and heiress of Sir Michael Fleming, provided "Psalmody" for Grasmere church at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span> -a cost of £2 2s., and for Langdale at £1 1s. Probably +a cost of £2 2s., and for Langdale at £1 1s. Probably the price of this early tune-book was one guinea. A charge of 7s. 6d. appears in 1829 for a new pitch-pipe. A "singing school" was started, causing considerable expense @@ -4264,16 +4222,16 @@ large Common Prayer Book cost in 1692 13s. 6d., and another in 1733 14s. Prayer Books began, too, to be supplied in the body of the church; the townships buying a few at a time, at a price varying from 6d. to 1s. -In 1808 a new Bible cost £2 2s., while the price of a large -Prayer Book in 1823 was £2 5s., and another in 1835 -£1 12s.</p> +In 1808 a new Bible cost £2 2s., while the price of a large +Prayer Book in 1823 was £2 5s., and another in 1835 +£1 12s.</p> <p>The "surp-cloth," "surpless," or "surplice" was renewed at various prices. After the marvellously cheap one of 1661 (5s.; surely the product of the valley, in flax-growing, spinning, and weaving), others were got -in 1697 for £1 12s., in 1730 for £1 11s. 4d., in 1734 for -£2 7s. In 1755 a new one is set down at the modest +in 1697 for £1 12s., in 1730 for £1 11s. 4d., in 1734 for +£2 7s. In 1755 a new one is set down at the modest sum of 1s. 5<sup><small>3</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>4</small></sub> d., which, if multiplied by three, is barely 4s. 6d.; and in 1775 one (or perhaps the same) was @@ -4284,7 +4242,7 @@ the old surplice and divided the amount. "By <sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄< Old Surplice 2s. 7<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d."</p> <p>"Communion Linnen" cost in 1823 14s. 6d. In 1820 -a surplice cost £2 18s. 4d., and in 1830 £1 17s. 9d.</p> +a surplice cost £2 18s. 4d., and in 1830 £1 17s. 9d.</p> <hr class="chap" /> @@ -4515,7 +4473,7 @@ and John, upon that official's persistence in reading aloud a chapter from its pages, forcibly closed it, and handed it to Mr. Turner. Also a Book of Common Prayer was got for 1s. 6d., a sum so small as to raise a doubt of -its newness. The large sum of £1 1s. was expended on +its newness. The large sum of £1 1s. was expended on "makeing up ye raills in ye quire," which shows that this guard to the space about the communion table (often maliciously broken by zealots) was in a bad state. The @@ -4523,9 +4481,9 @@ rails were entirely renewed, and a fresh table made in 1755; and it is interesting to note that they were constructed on the spot by joiners brought from a distance, no doubt Kendal. The wood was procured in Rydal, at a cost -of £4 12s., with carriage 2s. 6d. Other expenses, in +of £4 12s., with carriage 2s. 6d. Other expenses, in iron-work, turning "bannisters," glue, &c., with the -boarding of the men, came to £2 1s. 0<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d. No doubt the +boarding of the men, came to £2 1s. 0<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d. No doubt the existing rails are those then made, with the little table now used as a credence table.</p> @@ -4625,7 +4583,7 @@ Easter bread (fine wheaten bread as has been said, much relished by people whose staple food was oatmeal), with the charge for procuring it, amounted to 10d. In 1643 8 gallons were got in for the same purpose, costing -£1 1s. 8d.; and next year 9 gallons, at £1 4s.—that is to +£1 1s. 8d.; and next year 9 gallons, at £1 4s.—that is to say, some 4<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> dozen bottles of our present size were drunk on this occasion. The wine cost 4d. to 5<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d. a bottle.</p> @@ -4653,10 +4611,10 @@ each show an expenditure for bread and wine; but the Langdale division, which had now acquired the privilege of a Communion in its own chapel once a year, was apparently let off. The expenses for that year were set -down as £1 13s. 3d.; Grasmere paying £1 0s. 1d. and +down as £1 13s. 3d.; Grasmere paying £1 0s. 1d. and Loughrigg and Rydal 13s. 2d.; the division being based probably upon the number of communicants in each -township. In 1691 the total expenditure was £2 6s. 6d., +township. In 1691 the total expenditure was £2 6s. 6d., and it remained at much this figure till 1729. The charge from that time became a fixed one, Grasmere paying 7s. 2d., 6s. 6d., and 7s. 2d. for the Christmas, Whitsuntide, @@ -4665,12 +4623,12 @@ and Loughrigg and Rydal, 4s. 4d., 5s., and 4s. 4d. (one journey), and it remained at these figures till 1821, when there was a change of rectors. From this date the charge was exceedingly irregular, figuring occasionally -as high as £2 7s. 10d., while sometimes it does not appear +as high as £2 7s. 10d., while sometimes it does not appear at all, the bread only being accounted for. Then it dropped greatly. From 1833 Loughrigg and Rydal ceased to pay—in consideration, no doubt, of the celebrations held in the new chapel in Rydal; and Grasmere -figured at a sum under £1, or not at all! By a new +figured at a sum under £1, or not at all! By a new arrangement in 1842 Loughrigg and Rydal recommenced its contribution, though on a new basis of irregular payments; and this continued until the break-up of the @@ -4681,8 +4639,8 @@ church, paying 4s. 9d., while Grasmere paid 14s. 3d.</p> <p>It may be of interest to note that with the new order and the new rector (who kept a book in which he entered<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span> particulars of the communicants) the bread and wine -for Grasmere alone cost £2 5s. 9d. When, in 1860, it -rose to £4 10s., the sum included 8s. paid by the rector +for Grasmere alone cost £2 5s. 9d. When, in 1860, it +rose to £4 10s., the sum included 8s. paid by the rector to the wardens in place of his Easter provision. This ancient rectorial charge is mentioned for the last time in 1865. It was probably coincident also with the @@ -4750,20 +4708,20 @@ latter 7s 6d</p> <p class="hanging">1775 Grasmere sells old gates for 4s 0d</p> -<p class="hanging">1776 Lou. and b. M. works on wall £3 5s 0d</p> +<p class="hanging">1776 Lou. and b. M. works on wall £3 5s 0d</p> <p class="hanging">1777 Grasmere collects material for wall 19s 4d. Langdale makes new gate 9s 0d</p> <p class="hanging">1780 Grasmere raises wall from the school-house to where it -meets "Rydal third" £1 17s 3d. All the townships +meets "Rydal third" £1 17s 3d. All the townships repair their windows</p> <p class="hanging">1782 Lou. and b. M. again repairs wall, evidently with thoroughness, giving 1s 0d in ale to the men who work the foundation in water (of the river). The leading of -stones for 5 days with 2 horses cost £1 0s 0d. Total -£2 3s 6d</p> +stones for 5 days with 2 horses cost £1 0s 0d. Total +£2 3s 6d</p> <p class="hanging">1790 Langdale pays "for new stoops for Langdale gate & hanging" 4s 3d while all three townships mend @@ -4772,10 +4730,10 @@ windows—Grasmere for its "third" 6s 10d, Langdale <p class="hanging">1799 Lou. and b. M. pays "To mending Rydale Gates" 1s 0d</p> -<p class="hanging">1806 Lou. and b. M. pays £1 5s 6d for a new gate, to Edward +<p class="hanging">1806 Lou. and b. M. pays £1 5s 6d for a new gate, to Edward Wilson of Grasmere</p> -<p class="hanging">1811 Lou. and b. M. repairs "Church Garth Wall" £1 11s 9d; +<p class="hanging">1811 Lou. and b. M. repairs "Church Garth Wall" £1 11s 9d; and gate 2s 6d, to John Watson, smith, of Grasmere</p> <p class="hanging">1819 Lou. and b. M. repairs wall, 15s 0d; and windows 15s 3d</p> @@ -4784,7 +4742,7 @@ and gate 2s 6d, to John Watson, smith, of Grasmere</p> <p class="hanging">1832 Lou. and b. M. glazes windows 1s 9d</p> -<p class="hanging">1835 Lou. and b. M. pays for new gate £1 0s 0d</p> +<p class="hanging">1835 Lou. and b. M. pays for new gate £1 0s 0d</p> <p class="hanging">1840 Lou. and b. M. repairs windows 5s 1<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d</p> @@ -4874,9 +4832,9 @@ slates and carriage. But little was apparently done, and by 1809 the roof seems to have been in a bad condition, for the ominous item occurs "To cleaning Snow out of Church 2s. 0d." It was radically repaired in 1814, -when £37 1s. 11d. was spent on the slates, £11 on timber, +when £37 1s. 11d. was spent on the slates, £11 on timber, which was paid to Lady Fleming, the wood being doubtless -felled in Bainriggs, and the extraordinary sum of £1 13s. 6d. +felled in Bainriggs, and the extraordinary sum of £1 13s. 6d. on ale to the workmen and "letting" the contract.</p> @@ -4956,8 +4914,8 @@ of our bells is in good order, The Other two are recasting at York & the ropes are making, & everything hastning forwards to have them in good order." Accordingly, the accounts for 1732 show the enormous outlay incurred -of £40 3s. 9<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d., and next year of £49 3s. "Towards Casting -the Bells and other Charges;" besides £3 14s. 5d. for +of £40 3s. 9<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d., and next year of £49 3s. "Towards Casting +the Bells and other Charges;" besides £3 14s. 5d. for "Charges for a Ringing loft."</p> <p>It is of interest to note that the Grasmere folk, in their @@ -5058,17 +5016,17 @@ from the bell-founder cost 5d. for porterage.</p> <p>John Watson, the smith of Winterseeds, tinkered the bells in 1807; and three years after, when the little bell had arrived from London, the two others were also down, -for he was paid £3 14s. 8d. for +for he was paid £3 14s. 8d. for repairing them, and John Hartley received the considerable -sum of £11 14s. 6d. for hanging +sum of £11 14s. 6d. for hanging them. In 1764 bell-wheels and clappers were repaired. The head-stocking of the great bell and two bell-clappers, in 1767, -cost £3 7s. 9d. Again, in 1773, +cost £3 7s. 9d. Again, in 1773, 1774, and 1775, head-stocks, clappers, and repairs to -ringing-loft cost about £1. The ropes in 1769 cost +ringing-loft cost about £1. The ropes in 1769 cost 7s. 4<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d.</p> <div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 250px;"><a name="HAMMER" id="HAMMER"></a> @@ -5091,15 +5049,15 @@ to 8s. 6d. "and what more as the Eighteen shall think fit." However, the new clerk, Robert Harrison, in 1695 secured 10s., and at this figure it remained for some fifty years. After a gap of eight years in the accounts, -the item reappears in 1751 at £1, and from that time +the item reappears in 1751 at £1, and from that time onwards it fluctuates between the sums of 10s., 13s. 4d., -£1, even once in 1759 touching £1 10s., as the Eighteen +£1, even once in 1759 touching £1 10s., as the Eighteen were parsimoniously or liberally inclined. Finally, after -a halt at 15s., it rose in 1794 to £1 1s., and from that -slowly mounted until by 1814 it had reached £2 15s. 6d., +a halt at 15s., it rose in 1794 to £1 1s., and from that +slowly mounted until by 1814 it had reached £2 15s. 6d., at which it remained for eleven years. From 1826 it -rose again, and between 1831 and 1858 it stood at £3 6s. -£1 was then added.</p> +rose again, and between 1831 and 1858 it stood at £3 6s. +£1 was then added.</p> <p>The tower was an irregular source of expense, as the following items show:—</p> @@ -5109,7 +5067,7 @@ following items show:—</p> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> <tr><td align="left">1665</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">the makeing of ye steple door 3s 6d</p></td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1694</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">For mending the Garret: Flags 6d</p></td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">1697</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">Lime for church and steeple £1 17s 1d; this item includes "charge for Bargaining." "For sand" 3s 0d. "For Rough-Casting the steeple" £4 0s 0d</p></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1697</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">Lime for church and steeple £1 17s 1d; this item includes "charge for Bargaining." "For sand" 3s 0d. "For Rough-Casting the steeple" £4 0s 0d</p></td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1717</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">For repairing the Steeple loft and two Doors 02: 14: 00</p></td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1718</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">Edwin Green, one of the Eighteen, is paid 4s 0d "for attending when the steeple was repaired."</p></td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1734</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">For a lock to ye Steeple door 8d</p></td></tr> @@ -5119,11 +5077,11 @@ following items show:—</p> 1757; and in 1767 a load of "slape" cost 1s. and lime 2s. 6d. The work of white-washing recurred frequently. Church and steeple were entirely rough-cast in 1773,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span> -at the considerable cost of £13,<a name="FNanchor_152_153" id="FNanchor_152_153"></a><a href="#Footnote_152_153" class="fnanchor">[152]</a> the east window (presumably +at the considerable cost of £13,<a name="FNanchor_152_153" id="FNanchor_152_153"></a><a href="#Footnote_152_153" class="fnanchor">[152]</a> the east window (presumably of the north aisle) being at the same time repaired. -The interior was done in 1780 for £1 5s. 6d., and the +The interior was done in 1780 for £1 5s. 6d., and the exterior both of church and steeple in 1791—which with -the pointing of the windows came to £3 15s. The townships +the pointing of the windows came to £3 15s. The townships repaired their individual windows next year, this being repeated more radically in 1801.</p> @@ -5134,12 +5092,12 @@ course in copious draughts of ale. Another is "To writing Contracts of Letting 1s. 6d." The amount actually paid for "mending Roof of Church, and Whitewashing Church in and Out, and Pinning up all Broken -places in the Ruff Cast & Plaster," was £8 12s.—certainly +places in the Ruff Cast & Plaster," was £8 12s.—certainly a modest one. Church and tower were whitewashed in -1815 for £5 18s., and Edward Wilson, carpenter, received +1815 for £5 18s., and Edward Wilson, carpenter, received 18s. for a "Craddle to White Wash Steeple." The -process was repeated in 1832 at a cost of £2 17s. 7<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d., -and again in 1842, when Levi Hodgson was paid £4 15s. +process was repeated in 1832 at a cost of £2 17s. 7<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d., +and again in 1842, when Levi Hodgson was paid £4 15s. 9d. for the work.</p> <p>The scraping, smoothing, and daubing to which the @@ -5171,18 +5129,18 @@ and "New Coolrake" 1s. 6d. In 1824 a new spade cost 3s. 9d. Occasionally the church chest wanted "gimmers" or hinges, or new locks, a pair of which cost, in 1752, 1s. 4d. An "iron chest" was bought in 1816 -for £7 17s. 6d. The ladder was mended often, and a +for £7 17s. 6d. The ladder was mended often, and a new one in 1734 cost 9s. The "Corps Cloth," procured before 1798, when it was mended at 4d., required "Dying and Pressing" in 1803 at 3s. 3d.; and it was renewed -in 1823 for £2 15s. A new bier cost, in 1812, 11s. 6d. +in 1823 for £2 15s. A new bier cost, in 1812, 11s. 6d. In 1821 a small hearse was built by Edward Wilson, which could travel on the improved, but still narrow roads of the parish. Its use was paid for; but in some years it was not had out at all, so—as its initial cost -was £14 9s., and the clerk was paid presently 5s. a year +was £14 9s., and the clerk was paid presently 5s. a year for attending it, and a "Hearse House" was soon found -necessary (£11 15s.)—it was not a paying affair.</p> +necessary (£11 15s.)—it was not a paying affair.</p> <p>Edward repaired the "Corpes Stool" for 2s. in 1847.</p> @@ -5203,7 +5161,7 @@ of Broughton-in-Furness. The bill of 7s. 6d., paid to "Late Mr. Bellman for dressing church clock," was not entered until 1820, though the previous year the regular charge started "To John Watson for attending clock -& keeping water from it," which was £1 3s. 6d. for that +& keeping water from it," which was £1 3s. 6d. for that year and afterwards 2s. 6d. less. The old clock existed till recently.</p> @@ -5215,8 +5173,8 @@ till recently.</p> <p>The church porch, like the tower, was repaired at the general charge. This, in 1761, cost only 4s. 6d. The outer doors of the porch were renewed in 1821. -Edward Wilson contracted for the wood-work for £5, -while John Watson executed the iron-work for £3 5s. 8d. +Edward Wilson contracted for the wood-work for £5, +while John Watson executed the iron-work for £3 5s. 8d. The priest's door was renewed also, being doubtless paid for by the rector. These doors remain, and the initials of the Winterseeds smith, which he stamped upon his @@ -5248,9 +5206,9 @@ and pews set up in their place. Foreign timber—deal painted—was for the first time used instead of native oak, and the wood-work was given to an Ambleside man. The cost of the renovation, which included repairs to -roof and renewal of windows, amounted to £300, and +roof and renewal of windows, amounted to £300, and this was raised by subscription—Queen Adelaide (who -was visiting the district) contributing £50.</p> +was visiting the district) contributing £50.</p> <p>The abolition of the forms could not do other than tend to the breaking up of old customs. The pews were @@ -5262,7 +5220,7 @@ altered accommodation was left open, as the events of men and women sat together. The western door, hitherto used by the men, and outside which (according to tradition) all secular notices had been given out, was now -made up. £1 1s. had been paid, as late as 1816, "To +made up. £1 1s. had been paid, as late as 1816, "To John Watson for Hanging of Men's Door." At the same time the tower-arch was walled up, and the tower used for a vestry—the old wooden one being cleared away. @@ -5277,8 +5235,8 @@ indeed been procured for the communion rail in 1780 <p>The era of subscriptions raised the rate of church expenses enormously, as has been seen in the 1840 renovation. In 1876 the rough-casting of the church outside -was done by subscription, and contracted for at £30; -£70 13s. 0<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d. being altogether expended upon that and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span> +was done by subscription, and contracted for at £30; +£70 13s. 0<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d. being altogether expended upon that and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span> new spouts and painting clock, a sum which should be compared with the cost on previous occasions.</p> @@ -5292,7 +5250,7 @@ the latter remain.</p> <p>Another great renovation was carried out in 1879-80 under Mr. Fletcher. Like the last, its cost was defrayed -by offerings (£660), and much of the work done in 1840 +by offerings (£660), and much of the work done in 1840 was now undone. The deal pews were cleared away and the existing oak benches substituted—Grasmere workmen @@ -5496,7 +5454,7 @@ For Ambleside—Thomas Lycott.<br /> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="grasmere2"> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">To Ringing on Sundays & Holydays & to Grease & greasing the Bells</td><td> </td><td align="right">13</td><td align="left">4</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">To dressing Church and Church Yard</td><td> </td><td align="right">2</td><td align="left">6</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">To cleaning Church Windows and Sentences</td><td> </td><td align="right">1</td><td align="left">0</td></tr> @@ -5506,7 +5464,7 @@ For Ambleside—Thomas Lycott.<br /> <tr><td align="left">To Dogwhipper 3s to Steeple Window mending 3<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d Repairing Choir Door</td><td> </td><td align="right">4</td><td align="left">5<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub></td></tr> <tr><td align="left">To Bell ropes mending 1s, to 4 Bushels of Lime & Carriage for Steeple Roof 7s 4d</td><td> </td><td align="right">8</td><td align="left">4</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">—</td><td align="right">—</td><td align="right">—</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£2</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="left">7<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£2</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="left">7<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub></td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td>—</td><td align="right">—</td><td align="right">—</td></tr> </table></div> @@ -5515,11 +5473,11 @@ For Ambleside—Thomas Lycott.<br /> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="particular"> -<tr><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="left">s.</td><td align="left">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="left">s.</td><td align="left">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Received by Assessments for Repairs of Church & Schoolhouse</td><td align="right">4</td><td align="left">3</td><td align="left">4</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Rec.d of the old Churchwardens</td><td align="right">6</td><td align="left">11<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub></td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">—</td><td align="left">—</td><td align="left">—</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£4</td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">3<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£4</td><td align="left">10</td><td align="left">3<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub></td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">—</td><td align="left">—</td><td align="left">—</td></tr> </table></div> @@ -5528,7 +5486,7 @@ For Ambleside—Thomas Lycott.<br /> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="disburse"> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">£</td><td align="left">s.</td><td align="left">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">£</td><td align="left">s.</td><td align="left">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">To the old Churchwardens going out of their office & Journey</td><td> </td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left">4</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">To the new churchwardens entering on their office & Journey</td><td> </td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left">4</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Paid to the Commissary for their part of one Presentment and Prayer Books</td><td> </td><td align="left">7</td><td align="left">7<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>4</small></sub></td></tr> @@ -5541,7 +5499,7 @@ For Ambleside—Thomas Lycott.<br /> <tr><td align="left">To Wine at Xtmas 1786 lost by Leakage of the Wood bottle & unsettled before</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">6</td><td align="left">10<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>4</small></sub></td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Their Third part of General Charge</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">14</td><td align="left">2<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub></td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">—</td><td align="left">—</td><td align="left">—</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">£3</td><td align="left">2</td><td align="left">3<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">£3</td><td align="left">2</td><td align="left">3<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub></td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">—</td><td align="left">—</td><td align="left">—</td></tr> <tr><td align="right">Remains</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left">0</td></tr> </table></div> @@ -5550,13 +5508,13 @@ For Ambleside—Thomas Lycott.<br /> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="moss"> <tr><td> </td></tr> <tr><td align="center">For Loughrigge & beneath Moss.</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">£</td><td align="left">s.</td><td align="left">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">£</td><td align="left">s.</td><td align="left">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Received by Assessment for Repairs of the Church</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left">13</td><td align="left">4<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub></td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Recd. of the old Churchwarden</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="left">13</td><td align="left">4</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Recd. for one burial in the Church</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">3</td><td align="left">4</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Recd. of Ambleside Churchwarden</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">5</td><td align="left">0<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>4</small></sub></td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">—</td><td align="left">—</td><td align="left">—</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">£3</td><td align="left">15</td><td align="left">0<sup><small>3</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>4</small></sub></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">£3</td><td align="left">15</td><td align="left">0<sup><small>3</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>4</small></sub></td></tr> <tr><td align="left"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span></td></tr> </table></div> @@ -5663,7 +5621,7 @@ For churching the squire's wife he received regularly <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="JoB"> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"><p class="hanging">Apr. 17—Given to Mr. Jo. Brathwait for preaching of my Dear Wifes Funerall Sermon (upon Prov. 31, 29) and often visiting her dureing ye time of her sickness and praying by her</p></td><td align="right">02</td><td align="right">00</td><td align="right">00</td></tr> </table></div> @@ -5676,7 +5634,7 @@ Wordsworth's Prelude), the item occurs in 1782:—</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="son"> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Dec. 12—Given Parson Brathwait's Son who brought some Wood-cockes</td><td align="right">00</td><td align="right">00</td><td align="right">06</td></tr> </table></div> @@ -5698,12 +5656,12 @@ became practically a diary:—</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="ambrose"> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"><p class="hanging">Aug. 20—My Cosin Ambrose, Lord of Lowick and Parson of Gresmere, dying Aug. 16. 84 was this day buried, and I attended his Corps from Lowick-hall unto Ulverston-Church, where he lyes interred, being ye last male of his family in ye North</p></td><td align="right">00</td><td align="right">00</td><td align="right">00</td></tr> </table></div> <p><br />Little as Grasmere had known him, the old man remembered -the place in his will, and bequeathed £50 for the +the place in his will, and bequeathed £50 for the school, under trust to the "minister and such persons as shall be of the four and twenty of the parish of Grasmere."</p> @@ -5751,7 +5709,7 @@ squire noted:—</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">"Spent yesterday at Gresmere when I viewed ye Painting in ye Church, and ye Parsonage new House</td><td align="right">00</td><td align="right">05</td><td align="right">00</td></tr> </table></div> @@ -5828,7 +5786,7 @@ Ambleside until his death in 1744.</p> <p>The Squire of Rydal (who had been knighted in 1681) died in 1701, and it was the curate-in-charge, Dudley Walker, who preached his funeral sermon and received -the honorarium of £1 1s. 6d.</p> +the honorarium of £1 1s. 6d.</p> <p>The removal of this strong spirit must have made a difference in the parish. His heir, William, who purchased @@ -6457,7 +6415,7 @@ of and sworne before me the 9th of Aprill 1656.</p> <p>John kept the office, as an entry in the accounts shows, at least twenty years.</p> -<p>Rector Ambrose, when he left £50 to the parson and +<p>Rector Ambrose, when he left £50 to the parson and "twenty-four" of the parish, in trust for the school, gave an impetus to education in the place. The sum—or part of it—may have been used for the erection of @@ -6465,7 +6423,7 @@ a school-house. At all events, the quaint little house still standing by the lych-gates was already there when Anthony Dawson, statesman—incited perhaps by the parson's example—bequeathed, in 1635, the sum of -£7 to a "School Stock in Grasmeer."<a name="FNanchor_183_184" id="FNanchor_183_184"></a><a href="#Footnote_183_184" class="fnanchor">[183]</a> He expressly +£7 to a "School Stock in Grasmeer."<a name="FNanchor_183_184" id="FNanchor_183_184"></a><a href="#Footnote_183_184" class="fnanchor">[183]</a> He expressly entrusted it to the patron, rector, and incumbent, "towards the maintenance of a Schoolmaster teaching Scholars at the School-House built at the Church Yard @@ -6521,9 +6479,9 @@ in the accounts:—</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="duty"> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">£</td><td align="left">s.</td><td align="left">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">£</td><td align="left">s.</td><td align="left">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"><p class="hanging">1672—"For writting ye burialls Christenings and Mariages out ye Register Bookes 2 times"</p></td><td align="right">00</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="left">00</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span><p class="hanging">1675—"Itt. for writting a coppy out of ye RegesterB ook etc</p></td><td align="right">£00</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="left">00"</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span><p class="hanging">1675—"Itt. for writting a coppy out of ye RegesterB ook etc</p></td><td align="right">£00</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="left">00"</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"><p class="hanging">1790—"To writing Marriage Register 1s. 0d. to drawing Copy of Register 2s. 6d."</p></td></tr> </table></div> @@ -6558,8 +6516,8 @@ the office from 1785 to his death, at 81, in 1832; and David, his son. These men were clerks, pure and simple.<a name="FNanchor_185_186" id="FNanchor_185_186"></a><a href="#Footnote_185_186" class="fnanchor">[185]</a> David pursued the calling of a gardener, working for Mr. Greenwood at the Wyke. In his time it was decided -to give the clerk a salary. It began in 1845 at £4, and -was advanced in 1854 to £5, with the stipulation, however, +to give the clerk a salary. It began in 1845 at £4, and +was advanced in 1854 to £5, with the stipulation, however, that one J. Airey should receive 13s. 6d. of it. But David did not prosper, and he emigrated to Australia<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span> in 1856. He is remembered by Miss Greenwood as a @@ -6608,15 +6566,15 @@ children) until he went with his brother to the Ambleside school.</p> <p>The school, meanwhile, had received other benefactions. -The church list records £80 given by William Waters, +The church list records £80 given by William Waters, of Thorneyhow, in 1796, towards the master's salary; and good Mrs. Dorothy Knott followed this, in 1812, by -£100, the interest of which was to be spent on the education +£100, the interest of which was to be spent on the education of five Grasmere children, born of poor and industrious parents. John Watson, yeoman and smith, made a similar bequest in 1852, stipulating that the recipients should be chosen annually by the trustees of the school. -In 1847 Mr. Vincent G. Dowley gave £10.</p> +In 1847 Mr. Vincent G. Dowley gave £10.</p> <p>While the salary of the master was paid out of the school "stock" or endowment, the township took upon @@ -6700,21 +6658,21 @@ Francis Benson of the Fold, was rated no higher than 5s. 9d. for all his lands. The general charges after 1662, when the equipment for the episcopal services was complete, up to 1810, averaged in those years when there -was no extraordinary outlay, barely more than £2, to +was no extraordinary outlay, barely more than £2, to which, of course, were added those incurred by each township individually. In 1733, when the bells caused a great outlay, it is possible that money was borrowed, for an item stands "For interest to Jane Benson 5s. 0d." Rydal and Loughrigg furnished, in 1661, the sum of -£2. 9s. as its share in the maintenance of the church; -and in 1682, £1. 5s. 6d.; while in 1733 it mounted to -£13. 3s. 7d., of which the special Ambleside churchwarden +£2. 9s. as its share in the maintenance of the church; +and in 1682, £1. 5s. 6d.; while in 1733 it mounted to +£13. 3s. 7d., of which the special Ambleside churchwarden produced, on behalf of his district, 19s. 1d.</p> <p>When the churchwardens' books re-open in 1790, the -general charges stand at £2. 2s. 7<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d., and those of the -three townships united at £7. 13s. 2<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d.; our township -paying of this £2. 2s. 1d. The following table shows the +general charges stand at £2. 2s. 7<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d., and those of the +three townships united at £7. 13s. 2<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d.; our township +paying of this £2. 2s. 1d. The following table shows the progress of expense:—</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span></p> @@ -6725,7 +6683,7 @@ progress of expense:—</p> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="center">of Three</td><td align="center">Loughrigg and</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="center">Townships.</td><td align="center">beneath Moss.</td><td align="center">Ambleside.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£ s. d.</td><td align="right">£ s. d.</td><td align="right">£ s. d.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£ s. d.</td><td align="right">£ s. d.</td><td align="right">£ s. d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1790</td><td align="right">7 13 2<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub></td><td align="right">2 2 1 </td><td align="right">——</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1800</td><td align="right">5 4 11<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub></td><td align="right">1 15 6<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>4</small></sub></td><td align="right">——</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1810</td><td align="right">50 1 4<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub></td><td align="right">16 1 11<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub></td><td align="right">5 18 0<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub></td></tr> @@ -6739,7 +6697,7 @@ progress of expense:—</p> <p><br />The extraordinary expense of 1810 was caused by the building of the vestry and hanging of the bells. In the year of the great outlay upon the roof (1814), when Rydal -produced £35. 19s. 11d. and £14. 7s. 4d. from Ambleside, +produced £35. 19s. 11d. and £14. 7s. 4d. from Ambleside, the wardens laid for the last time but one, the old church rate or "sess." Henceforth, the Overseers of the Poor took it over, and so long as it lasted paid it out of the @@ -6754,7 +6712,7 @@ at the Easter Meeting of 1849 "it was resolved that in future the Landlord at the Red Lion Inn shall provide dinners for the 24 at the Rate of 1s. 6d. p<sup>r</sup> Head, Ale also to be Included in the said Sum," the sum paid remained -£2.</p> +£2.</p> <p>A fee of 1s. 4d. paid to the churchwardens on entry or exit from office (which covered his journey to Kendal) @@ -6804,7 +6762,7 @@ at whose instigation the matter had been begun, persisted in it however; and the two wardens for Grasmere agreed to take lawyer's counsel as to their action in carrying out a Faculty already procured, and for which -they paid Dr. Twiss £3. 6s. This counsel is not very +they paid Dr. Twiss £3. 6s. This counsel is not very clear, but paragraph ii. of its text is of interest: "I think that the appropriation of any number of pews in a Mass to the separate townships, so as to exclude permanently @@ -6844,11 +6802,11 @@ rate for which those Eighteen stood responsible; since it was manifestly unfair to tax those whose rights had been taken away. Langdale fell away, and the Brathay part of Loughrigg, and Ambleside-above-Stock. The -rate of 1<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d. in the £ on property, which the wardens +rate of 1<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d. in the £ on property, which the wardens proceeded to levy on the whole of the parishioners, was responded to for the last time in 1858, when Ambleside -paid £7, Rydal and Loughrigg £10 17s. 10d., and Langdale -£8 6s. 3d., to Grasmere's £13 14s. 11<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>4</small></sub> +paid £7, Rydal and Loughrigg £10 17s. 10d., and Langdale +£8 6s. 3d., to Grasmere's £13 14s. 11<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>4</small></sub> d. The little division of Rydal with part of Loughrigg was indeed, by dint of its being dubbed a chapelry, held yet a little @@ -6856,8 +6814,8 @@ longer in the grasp of the old church; four statesmen and one warden were allowed her in return for the rate she continued to pay. This she seems at first to have paid equally with Grasmere, and in 1859 she contributed -the high figure of £15 0s. 10<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d. towards the expenses of -the church. In 1861 she paid £13 5s. 1<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d. By 1866, +the high figure of £15 0s. 10<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d. towards the expenses of +the church. In 1861 she paid £13 5s. 1<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d. By 1866, however, the rate to supply the immensely increased expenses of worship had become a burden, even to Grasmere folk. A voluntary rate took its place, and Rydal @@ -6866,7 +6824,7 @@ time in 1870. The offertory that then superseded all rates, paid only by worshippers, was an immediate success.</p> <p>In 1879, when the volume of accounts closes, the year's -expenditure stands at £155 14s. 1d.</p> +expenditure stands at £155 14s. 1d.</p> <hr class="chap" /> @@ -7119,7 +7077,7 @@ in their separate presentment:—</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Loughrigg1"> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="center">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="center">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1705—</td><td align="left">Francis Benson of the Fold</td><td align="left">0</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="right">8 </td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">The same for property in Grasmere</td><td align="left">0</td><td align="left">0</td><td align="right">10 </td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">Jacob Holm of Tarn Foot</td><td align="left">0</td><td align="left">1</td><td align="right">1 </td></tr> @@ -7167,7 +7125,7 @@ in their separate presentment:—</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Loughrigg3"> -<tr><td align="left">1707—</td><td align="left">Francis Benson of the Fold</td><td align="right">£0</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">9 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1707—</td><td align="left">Francis Benson of the Fold</td><td align="right">£0</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">9 </td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">For Grasmere</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">2 </td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">Jacob Holm</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">10 </td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">For Grasmere</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">1 </td></tr> @@ -7199,7 +7157,7 @@ in their separate presentment:—</p> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">And for his Estate in Grasmere</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">4</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1723—</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">The wardens declare that none refuse to pay the parson's dues, or clerk's fees, or church-rates, but the Quakers. "We do not know that they have qualified themselves according to ye act of Toleration. We do not know that the place of their meeting has been duly certified. We do not know that their preacher, or teacher, hath qualified himself by taking the oaths etc., as the Law requires."</p></td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1727—</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">"None refuse to pay Church rate, but Francis Benson a Quaker for not paying his Church sess, viz.</p></td><td align="right">00</td><td align="right">01</td><td align="right">03"</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span>1729—</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">Francis Benson is again presented for refusing to pay his Church sess</p></td><td align="right">£0</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">5</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span>1729—</td><td align="left"><p class="hanging">Francis Benson is again presented for refusing to pay his Church sess</p></td><td align="right">£0</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">5</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">1732—</td><td align="left">His unpaid share is set down at</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">5</td><td align="right">9</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">And Bernard Benson's</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">3</td><td align="right">0</td></tr> </table></div> @@ -7517,7 +7475,7 @@ was given as follows:—</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£</td><td align="right">s.</td><td align="right">d.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">For appearance and presentment of every warden, four old and four new</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">8</td><td align="right">0</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Book of Articles</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">1</td><td align="right">0</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Examination Fee and registration of every presentment</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">0</td><td align="right">8</td></tr> @@ -7668,7 +7626,7 @@ together and bound as a volume. Within the register-book the amount realised by some of these collections is set down. At Christmas, 1668, the offering made for the poor of London after the fire, reached the high -figure of £17 6s. 3d., which shows how that great calamity +figure of £17 6s. 3d., which shows how that great calamity affected the popular mind. Among other recipients of the parochial bounty are found: "Captives at allgeeres" (Algiers), 3s. 1d., also "A breife beyond ye seaes and for @@ -7702,10 +7660,10 @@ occurred, even on a day's notice—for such news sped like a telegraphic message.</p> <p>But some indigent folk collected next morning, when<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[215]</a></span> -£1 10s. was distributed. This, at 4d. a piece, would +£1 10s. was distributed. This, at 4d. a piece, would represent 90 persons. The concourse was far greater when Squire Daniel's wife was interred, when it numbered -over 1,800 persons; the amount given reaching £30 +over 1,800 persons; the amount given reaching £30 10s. 4d., while the dole-givers spent at the inn 3s. 6d. The gathering at his little son's funeral, two years later (1677), was naturally smaller. The entry in the account-book @@ -7725,7 +7683,7 @@ Staveley and "Gressmire," the interest to be distributed every Good Friday. In this distribution George Dawson "beinge blinde" was to receive during his life-time a noble, which was 6s. 8d. or half a mark. Accordingly, -after her death, the bailiff entered in his accounts £1 13s. +after her death, the bailiff entered in his accounts £1 13s. as "paid the poor folke at Easter 1632 for my old mis"; the blind lad's noble was also set down. This charity seems, however, to have been lost during the "Troubles" @@ -7738,7 +7696,7 @@ by Squire Daniel.</p> <div class="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="1659"> -<tr><td align="left"><p class="hanging">March 25, 1659—Spent with my Cosen Philipson at Staveley when I went to Mr. Feilde to looke yt ye Poor of Staveley bee not wronged in ye distribution of ye £40 interest, left ym by my great Grandmother Mrs. Agnes Fleming</p></td><td align="right">00</td><td align="right">00</td><td align="right">06</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><p class="hanging">March 25, 1659—Spent with my Cosen Philipson at Staveley when I went to Mr. Feilde to looke yt ye Poor of Staveley bee not wronged in ye distribution of ye £40 interest, left ym by my great Grandmother Mrs. Agnes Fleming</p></td><td align="right">00</td><td align="right">00</td><td align="right">06</td></tr> </table></div> <p>Mention of an extraordinary gift appears in the same @@ -7747,7 +7705,7 @@ as Lord Lieutenant of Westmorland, entered the county in great state, and with a lavish expenditure of money. His generosity (which may have had a political bias) extended even to this remote quarter of the Barony. -In those days £10 was a large sum; and the coin (as a +In those days £10 was a large sum; and the coin (as a precise entry under February, 1685, informs us) was conveyed to Kendal by a servant, delivered to the mayor, who passed it on to the Rydal Squire. One half was @@ -7763,11 +7721,11 @@ how large was the gathering at the church for the dole.</p> <p>Other charitable gifts to the poor are written on boards hanging in the church, viz.:—</p> -<p>Edward Partridge and others of Grasmere £50, the +<p>Edward Partridge and others of Grasmere £50, the interest to be distributed on St. Thomas's Day to such poor as do not receive parochial relief. (Undated.)</p> -<p>William and Eleanor Waters, in 1807, £200, the interest +<p>William and Eleanor Waters, in 1807, £200, the interest to be distributed under the like restrictions on Lady Day.</p> <hr class="chap" /> @@ -7963,8 +7921,8 @@ bearer with 6d.<a name="FNanchor_208_209" id="FNanchor_208_209"></a><a href="#Fo 6s.; in 1847 it was 9s. 10d.; in 1851 it is set down as "To Rushbearers 62," 10s. 4d. In 1856 13s. 6d. was paid to A. Walker for "Rushbearers Cake," and in the next -two years the climax was reached by the sums £1. 1s. 5d. -and £1. 1s. The long-continued item then abruptly +two years the climax was reached by the sums £1. 1s. 5d. +and £1. 1s. The long-continued item then abruptly ceases—seventeen years after the provision made for ale by the whole parish ceased—swept away no doubt by the revolution in church-management and church-rates, @@ -7974,12 +7932,12 @@ dropped in 1871, and all expenses were defrayed from the large and gladly-paid offertory, the church again provided for the Festival. The expenses were now put down under "Rushbearing," as Bells 6s., Wilson 8s., -Cakes 19s.; amounting to £1 13s., towards which the +Cakes 19s.; amounting to £1 13s., towards which the collection at the church service (for the first time established) furnished 16s. 8d. Next year there was a marked -increase: Band £2, Joiners 8s., Ringers 6s., Gingerbread -£1. 5s. 10d., and Baldry 4s. 1d.; total £4. 3s. 11d.; -collection, £2. 18s. 1d. The payment to joiners must +increase: Band £2, Joiners 8s., Ringers 6s., Gingerbread +£1. 5s. 10d., and Baldry 4s. 1d.; total £4. 3s. 11d.; +collection, £2. 18s. 1d. The payment to joiners must have been for making the frames of the bearings, which have assumed many varied forms.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span></p> @@ -8830,8 +8788,8 @@ two. Each vicar had two chapels, and was endowed with a sum to support chaplains at both, while he also paid a small sum annually to the mother church in token of subjection."] From the rural deanery of Kendal there were paid the following dues, according to an old voucher, c. 1320: at Easter -12s. 0d. for Synodalia; at Michaelmas £4 16s 8d for Procurationes; besides £3 -for Presumptiones, and £3 9s 6d in Peter's pence—a goodly tribute this for +12s. 0d. for Synodalia; at Michaelmas £4 16s 8d for Procurationes; besides £3 +for Presumptiones, and £3 9s 6d in Peter's pence—a goodly tribute this for the Pope from our mountains lands! Whitaker's <cite>History of Richmondshire</cite>.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -8851,7 +8809,7 @@ be much lighter than one coffined.</p></div> <p><a name="Footnote_33_33" id="Footnote_33_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33_33"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> Of the first, still paid, there is plenty of evidence. It was even allowed during the Commonwealth. In 1645 the Rydal Hall account-sheets show that arrears were paid to the Kendal parson out of the tithes "upon order -for 5 yeares stypd out of Gresmire," amounting to £3 6s 8d or five marks. +for 5 yeares stypd out of Gresmire," amounting to £3 6s 8d or five marks. Next year is entered "Rent due to mr. M. out of Gresmire tithes" 13s 6d. The order came from the Puritan Committee at Kendal. </p> @@ -8861,7 +8819,7 @@ supposed to cover any obligation forgotten by the dead man to church or priest. The claim anciently was upon his second best animal, the best going to his feudal lord; but it came to be paid in coin; while a law was passed (21 Henry VIII.) limiting the sum to 10s., and that only when the deceased -owned goods to the value of £40. Dr. Cox, <cite>Parish Registers of England</cite>. The +owned goods to the value of £40. Dr. Cox, <cite>Parish Registers of England</cite>. The following receipt is in existence for a fee paid to Kendal on the death of Edward Walker of Rydal, who was buried in his parish church of Grasmere:— </p> @@ -8942,7 +8900,7 @@ no oftener than three or four times a year. (See <cite>Life</cite>.)</p></div> <p><a name="Footnote_40_40" id="Footnote_40_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40_40"><span class="label">[40]</span></a> The population must have been greater when the Kendal trade in cloth was at its height. There were 1300 "houseling people" reported for the parish of Windermere in 1549 (Commission quoted in Mr. Brydson's <cite>Sidelights -on Mediæval Windermere</cite>, p. 95), and there is no reason to suppose that Grasmere +on Mediæval Windermere</cite>, p. 95), and there is no reason to suppose that Grasmere was far behind. At the same time the numbers to collect at one celebration would be considerably lessened if the Easter communion were spread over several occasions, as was the case in the late seventeenth century at Clayworth, @@ -9403,11 +9361,11 @@ where it was found wanting.—<cite>English Church Furniture.</cite></p></di <p><a name="Footnote_134_135" id="Footnote_134_135"></a><a href="#FNanchor_134_135"><span class="label">[134]</span></a> This is somewhat inexplicable unless the copyist, who has a late hand, has mistaken Howhead (in Ambleside) for Hawkshead. And the last figure -in the account should be £1 18s.</p></div> +in the account should be £1 18s.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_135_136" id="Footnote_135_136"></a><a href="#FNanchor_135_136"><span class="label">[135]</span></a> <cite>Mediæval Services in England.</cite> Chr. Wordsworth. Tradition from +<p><a name="Footnote_135_136" id="Footnote_135_136"></a><a href="#FNanchor_135_136"><span class="label">[135]</span></a> <cite>Mediæval Services in England.</cite> Chr. Wordsworth. Tradition from Edward Wilson.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -9514,7 +9472,7 @@ Gazette</cite>, May 7th, 1810.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> <p><a name="Footnote_152_153" id="Footnote_152_153"></a><a href="#FNanchor_152_153"><span class="label">[152]</span></a> The tower and all the body of the church was rough-cast in 1910 at a cost -of £200 5s. 1d.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div> +of £200 5s. 1d.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -9548,20 +9506,20 @@ F.'s Account Book.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> <p><a name="Footnote_159_160" id="Footnote_159_160"></a><a href="#FNanchor_159_160"><span class="label">[159]</span></a> The outlay connected with Henry's appointment was considerable. His -expenses in Carlisle with his brother Daniel amounted to £2. 7s. 6d.; also +expenses in Carlisle with his brother Daniel amounted to £2. 7s. 6d.; also after ordination "For ye Bread and Wine at ye Communion in Carlile-Cathedral" 2s. 6d., and 1s. given at the offertory. At Chester, besides expenses -and fees, he paid the Bishop of Chester's secretary £5. 5s. Next, on February +and fees, he paid the Bishop of Chester's secretary £5. 5s. Next, on February 13th, comes the item "Delivered my Son Henry to pay tomorrow at Kendal -for his Tenths for Gresmer due at Xtmas last, ye sum of" £2. 17s. 0<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d. Again +for his Tenths for Gresmer due at Xtmas last, ye sum of" £2. 17s. 0<sup><small>1</small></sup>⁄<sub><small>2</small></sub> d. Again on May 30th, "Paid at London unto Mr. James Bird for ye first payment of my Son Henry Fleming's First-Fruites for ye Parsonage of Gresmere, ye -Sum of" £6. 8s. 7d. On November 18th, the same amount was paid as -second instalment; the third on October 9th, 1687, £6. 11s. 1d.; and a final -of £7. 1s. on July 31st, 1688. The total, £26. 19s. 3d., is a little over the amount +Sum of" £6. 8s. 7d. On November 18th, the same amount was paid as +second instalment; the third on October 9th, 1687, £6. 11s. 1d.; and a final +of £7. 1s. on July 31st, 1688. The total, £26. 19s. 3d., is a little over the amount paid by the Rector of Clayworth as first-fruits in 1672. Money was, however, now coming in, and Parson Brathwaite would seem to have furnished the new -rector with a round sum of £20 at intervals, beginning in May, 1685; two +rector with a round sum of £20 at intervals, beginning in May, 1685; two such being paid in 1687. What the arrangement was in regard to the curate's stipend is not clear.</p></div> @@ -9620,7 +9578,7 @@ he went to Cambridge."</p></div> <div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_170_171" id="Footnote_170_171"></a><a href="#FNanchor_170_171"><span class="label">[170]</span></a> In the mediæval story of Reynard the Fox, the Priest's barn is well walled +<p><a name="Footnote_170_171" id="Footnote_170_171"></a><a href="#FNanchor_170_171"><span class="label">[170]</span></a> In the mediæval story of Reynard the Fox, the Priest's barn is well walled about. See Francis Bond's <cite>Misericords</cite>, p. 73.</p></div> <div class="footnote"> @@ -9887,381 +9845,6 @@ for them in 1584."</p> </div> - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's The Church of Grasmere, by Mary L. 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