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diff --git a/42999.txt b/42999.txt deleted file mode 100644 index b316e19..0000000 --- a/42999.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3612 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Old Boston Taverns and Tavern Clubs, by -Samuel Adams Drake and Walter K. Watkins - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Old Boston Taverns and Tavern Clubs - -Author: Samuel Adams Drake - Walter K. Watkins - -Release Date: June 20, 2013 [EBook #42999] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLD BOSTON TAVERNS AND CLUBS *** - - - - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive.) - - - - - - - - - -OLD BOSTON TAVERNS AND TAVERN CLUBS - - - - -[Illustration: CAPTAIN JOHN MARSTON, 1715-1786 - -Landlord of the "Golden Ball" and "Bunch of Grapes"] - - - - - OLD BOSTON TAVERNS AND TAVERN CLUBS - - - BY SAMUEL ADAMS DRAKE - - - NEW ILLUSTRATED EDITION - - WITH AN ACCOUNT OF - "COLE'S INN," "THE BAKERS' ARMS," AND "GOLDEN BALL" - - BY WALTER K. WATKINS - - - ALSO A LIST OF TAVERNS, GIVING THE NAMES OF THE - VARIOUS OWNERS OF THE PROPERTY, FROM MISS THWING'S - WORK ON "THE INHABITANTS AND ESTATES OF THE TOWN - OF BOSTON, 1630-1800," IN THE POSSESSION OF THE - MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY - - - W. A. BUTTERFIELD - 59 BROMFIELD STREET, BOSTON - 1917 - - - - - COPYRIGHT, 1917, BY - W. A. BUTTERFIELD. - - - - -FOREWORD. - - -The Inns of Old Boston have played such a part in its history that an -illustrated edition of Drake may not be out of place at this late date. -"Cole's Inn" has been definitely located, and the "Hancock Tavern" -question also settled. - -I wish to thank the Bostonian Society for the privilege of reprinting Mr. -Watkin's account of the "Bakers' Arms" and the "Golden Ball" and valuable -assistance given by Messrs. C. F. Read, E. W. McGlenen, and W. A. Watkins; -Henderson and Ross for the illustration of the "Crown Coffee House," and -the Walton Advertising Co. for the "Royal Exchange Tavern." - -Other works consulted are Snow's History of Boston, Memorial History of -Boston, Stark's Antique Views, Porter's Rambles in Old Boston, and Miss -Thwing's very valuable work in the Massachusetts Historical Society. - -THE PUBLISHER. - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - PAGE - - I. UPON THE TAVERN AS AN INSTITUTION 9 - - II. THE EARLIER ORDINARIES 19 - - III. IN REVOLUTIONARY TIMES 33 - - IV. SIGNBOARD HUMOR 52 - - V. APPENDIX; BOSTON TAVERNS TO THE YEAR 1800 61 - - VI. COLE'S INN 73 - - VII. THE BAKERS' ARMS 76 - - VIII. THE GOLDEN BALL TAVERN 80 - - IX. THE HANCOCK TAVERN 89 - - X. LIST OF TAVERNS AND TAVERN OWNERS 99 - - - - -LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. - - - CAPT. JOHN MARSTON _Frontispiece_ - - PAGE - - THE SIGN OF THE LAMB 17 - - THE HEART AND CROWN 18 - - ROYAL EXCHANGE TAVERN 24 - - PORTRAIT OF JOSEPH GREEN 26 - - PORTRAIT OF JOHN DUNTON 28 - - THE BUNCH OF GRAPES 34 - - CROMWELL HEAD BOARD BILL 44 - - THE CROMWELL'S HEAD 44 - - THE GREEN DRAGON 46 - - THE GREEN DRAGON SIGN 47 - - THE LIBERTY TREE 50 - - THE BRAZEN HEAD 51 - - THE GOOD WOMAN 52 - - THE DOG AND POT 53 - - HOW SHALL I GET THROUGH THIS WORLD? 54 - - THE CROWN COFFEE HOUSE 62 - - OLD NEWSPAPER ADVERTISEMENT 64 - - JULIEN HOUSE 65 - - THE SUN TAVERN 68 - - THE THREE DOVES 70 - - JOLLEY ALLEN ADVERTISEMENT 70 - - THE BAKERS' ARMS 75 - - SIGN OF BUNCH OF GRAPES 80 - - SIGN OF GOLDEN BALL 80 - - MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF COLE'S INN 88 - - COFFEE URN 90 - - MAP OF BOSTON, 1645 98 - - BROMFIELD HOUSE 102 - - FIREMAN'S TICKET 104 - - PORTRAIT OF GOVERNOR BELCHER 106 - - EXCHANGE COFFEE HOUSE, 1808-18 108 - - EXCHANGE COFFEE HOUSE, 1848 110 - - HATCH TAVERN 112 - - LAMB TAVERN 114 - - SUN TAVERN (DOCK SQUARE) 122 - - BONNERS' MAP OF BOSTON, 1722 124 - - - - -OLD BOSTON TAVERNS. - - - - -I. - -UPON THE TAVERN AS AN INSTITUTION. - - -The famous remark of Louis XIV., "There are no longer any Pyrenees," may -perhaps be open to criticism, but there are certainly no longer any -taverns in New England. It is true that the statutes of the Commonwealth -continue to designate such houses as the Brunswick and Vendome as taverns, -and their proprietors as innkeepers; yet we must insist upon the truth of -our assertion, the letter of the law to the contrary notwithstanding. - -No words need be wasted upon the present degradation which the name of -tavern implies to polite ears. In most minds it is now associated with the -slums of the city, and with that particular phase of city life only, so -all may agree that, as a prominent feature of society and manners, the -tavern has had its day. The situation is easily accounted for. The simple -truth is, that, in moving on, the world has left the venerable institution -standing in the eighteenth century; but it is equally true that, before -that time, the history of any civilized people could hardly be written -without making great mention of it. With the disappearance of the old -signboards our streets certainly have lost a most picturesque feature, at -least one avenue is closed to art, while a few very aged men mourn the -loss of something endeared to them by many pleasant recollections. - -As an offset to the admission that the tavern has outlived its usefulness, -we ought in justice to establish its actual character and standing as it -was in the past. We shall then be the better able to judge how it was -looked upon both from a moral and material stand-point, and can follow it -on through successive stages of good or evil fortune, as we would the life -of an individual. - -It fits our purpose admirably, and we are glad to find so eminent a -scholar and divine as Dr. Dwight particularly explicit on this point. He -tells us that, in his day, "The best old-fashioned New England inns were -superior to any of the modern ones. There was less bustle, less parade, -less appearance of doing a great deal to gratify your wishes, than at the -reputable modern inns; but much more was actually done, and there was much -more comfort and enjoyment. In a word, you found in these inns the -pleasures of an excellent private house. If you were sick you were nursed -and befriended as in your own family. To finish the story, your bills were -always equitable, calculated on what you ought to pay, and not upon the -scheme of getting the most which extortion might think proper to demand." - -Now this testimonial to what the public inn was eighty odd years ago comes -with authority from one who had visited every nook and corner of New -England, was so keen and capable an observer, and is always a faithful -recorder of what he saw. Dr. Dwight has frequently said that during his -travels he often "found his warmest welcome at an inn." - -In order to give the history of what may be called the Rise and Fall of -the Tavern among us, we should go back to the earliest settlements, to the -very beginning of things. In our own country the Pilgrim Fathers justly -stand for the highest type of public and private morals. No less would be -conceded them by the most unfriendly critic. Intemperance, extravagant -living, or immorality found no harborage on Plymouth Rock, no matter under -what disguise it might come. Because they were a virtuous and sober -people, they had been filled with alarm for their own youth, lest the -example set by the Hollanders should corrupt the stay and prop of their -community. Indeed, Bradford tells us fairly that this was one determining -cause of the removal into New England. - -The institution of taverns among the Pilgrims followed close upon the -settlement. Not only were they a recognized need, but, as one of the -time-honored institutions of the old country, no one seems to have thought -of denouncing them as an evil, or even as a necessary evil. Travellers and -sojourners had to be provided for even in a wilderness. Therefore taverns -were licensed as fast as new villages grew up. Upward of a dozen were -licensed at one sitting of the General Court. The usual form of -concession is that So-and-So is licensed to draw wine and beer for the -public. The supervision was strict, but not more so than the spirit of a -patriarchal community, founded on morals, would seem to require; but there -were no such attempts to cover up the true character of the tavern as we -have seen practised in the cities of this Commonwealth for the purpose of -evading the strict letter of the law; and the law then made itself -respected. An innkeeper was not then looked upon as a person who was -pursuing a disgraceful or immoral calling,--a sort of outcast, as it -were,--but, while strictly held amenable to the law, he was actually taken -under its protection. For instance, he was fined for selling any one -person an immoderate quantity of liquor, and he was also liable to a fine -if he refused to sell the quantity allowed to be drank on the premises, -though no record is found of a prosecution under this singular statutory -provision; still, for some time, this regulation was continued in force as -the only logical way of dealing with the liquor question, as it then -presented itself. - -When the law also prohibited a citizen from entertaining a stranger in his -own house, unless he gave bonds for his guest's good behavior, the tavern -occupied a place between the community and the outside world not wholly -unlike that of a moral quarantine. The town constable could keep a -watchful eye upon all suspicious characters with greater ease when they -were under one roof. Then it was his business to know everybody's, so -that any show of mystery about it would have settled, definitely, the -stranger's _status_, as being no better than he should be. "Mind your own -business," is a maxim hardly yet domesticated in New England, outside of -our cities, or likely to become suddenly popular in our rural communities, -where, in those good old days we are talking about, a public official was -always a public inquisitor, as well as newsbearer from house to house. - -On their part, the Puritan Fathers seem to have taken the tavern under -strict guardianship from the very first. In 1634, when the price of labor -and everything else was regulated, sixpence was the legal charge for a -meal, and a penny for an ale quart of beer, at an inn, and the landlord -was liable to ten shillings fine if a greater charge was made. Josselyn, -who was in New England at a very early day, remarks, that, "At the -tap-houses of Boston I have had an ale quart of cider, spiced and -sweetened with sugar, for a groat." So the fact that the law once actually -prescribed how much should be paid for a morning dram may be set down -among the curiosities of colonial legislation. - -No later than the year 1647 the number of applicants for licenses to keep -taverns had so much increased that the following act was passed by our -General Court for its own relief: "It is ordered by the authority of this -court, that henceforth all such as are to keep houses of common -entertainment, and to retail wine, beer, etc., shall be licensed at the -county courts of the shire where they live, or the Court of Assistants, -so as this court may not be thereby hindered in their more weighty -affairs." - -A noticeable thing about this particular bill is, that when it went down -for concurrence the word "deputies" was erased and "house" substituted by -the speaker in its stead, thus showing that the newly born popular body -had begun to assert itself as the only true representative chamber, and -meant to show the more aristocratic branch that the sovereign people had -spoken at last. - -By the time Philip's war had broken out, in 1675, taverns had become so -numerous that Cotton Mather has said that every other house in Boston was -one. Indeed, the calamity of the war itself was attributed to the number -of tippling-houses in the colony. At any rate this was one of the alleged -sins which, in the opinion of Mather, had called down upon the colony the -frown of Providence. A century later, Governor Pownall repeated Mather's -statement. So it is quite evident that the increase of taverns, both good -and bad, had kept pace with the growth of the country. - -It is certain that, at the time of which we are speaking, some of the old -laws affecting the drinking habits of society were openly disregarded. -Drinking healths, for instance, though under the ban of the law, was still -practised in Cotton Mather's day by those who met at the social board. We -find him defending it as a common form of politeness, and not the -invocation of Heaven it had once been in the days of chivalry. Drinking -at funerals, weddings, church-raisings, and even at ordinations, was a -thing everywhere sanctioned by custom. The person who should have refused -to furnish liquor on such an occasion would have been the subject of -remarks not at all complimentary to his motives. - -It seems curious enough to find that the use of tobacco was looked upon by -the fathers of the colony as far more sinful, hurtful, and degrading than -indulgence in intoxicating liquors. Indeed, in most of the New England -settlements, not only the use but the planting of tobacco was strictly -forbidden. Those who had a mind to solace themselves with the interdicted -weed could do so only in the most private manner. The language of the law -is, "Nor shall any take tobacco in any wine or common victual house, -except in a private room there, so as the master of said house nor any -guest there shall take offence thereat; which, if any do, then such person -shall forbear upon pain of two shillings sixpence for every such offence." - -It is found on record that two innocent Dutchmen, who went on a visit to -Harvard College,--when that venerable institution was much younger than it -is to-day,--were so nearly choked with the fumes of tobacco-smoke, on -first going in, that one said to the other, "This is certainly a tavern." - -It is also curious to note that, in spite of the steady growth of the -smoking habit among all classes of people, public opinion continued to -uphold the laws directed to its suppression, though, from our stand-point -of to-day, these do seem uncommonly severe. And this state of things -existed down to so late a day that men are now living who have been asked -to plead "guilty or not guilty," at the bar of a police court, for smoking -in the streets of Boston. A dawning sense of the ridiculous, it is -presumed, led at last to the discontinuance of arrests for this cause; but -for some time longer officers were in the habit of inviting detected -smokers to show respect for the memory of a defunct statute of the -Commonwealth, by throwing their cigars into the gutter. - -Turning to practical considerations, we shall find the tavern holding an -important relation to its locality. In the first place, it being so nearly -coeval with the laying out of villages, the tavern quickly became the one -known landmark for its particular neighborhood. For instance, in Boston -alone, the names Seven Star Lane, Orange Tree Lane, Red Lion Lane, Black -Horse Lane, Sun Court, Cross Street, Bull Lane, not to mention others that -now have so outlandish a sound to sensitive ears, were all derived from -taverns. We risk little in saying that a Bostonian in London would think -the great metropolis strangely altered for the worse should he find such -hallowed names as Charing Cross, Bishopsgate, or Temple Bar replaced by -those of some wealthy Smith, Brown, or Robinson; yet he looks on, while -the same sort of vandalism is constantly going on at home, with hardly a -murmur of disapproval, so differently does the same thing look from -different points of view. - -As further fixing the topographical character of taverns, it may be stated -that in the old almanacs distances are always computed between the inns, -instead of from town to town, as the practice now is. - -Of course such topographical distinctions as we have pointed out began at -a time when there were few public buildings; but the idea almost amounts -to an instinct, because even now it is a common habit with every one to -first direct the inquiring stranger to some prominent landmark. As such, -tavern-signs were soon known and noted by all travellers. - -[Illustration: SIGN OF THE LAMB.] - -Then again, tavern-titles are, in most cases, traced back to the old -country. Love for the old home and its associations made the colonist like -to take his mug of ale under the same sign that he had patronized when in -England. It was a never-failing reminiscence to him. And innkeepers knew -how to appeal to this feeling. Hence the Red Lion and the Lamb, the St. -George and the Green Dragon, the Black, White, and Red Horse, the Sun, -Seven Stars, and Globe, were each and all so many reminiscences of Old -London. In their way they denote the same sort of tie that is perpetuated -by the Bostons, Portsmouths, Falmouths, and other names of English origin. - - - - - - -II. - -THE EARLIER ORDINARIES. - - -As early as 1638 there were at least two ordinaries, as taverns were then -called, in Boston. That they were no ordinary taverns will at once occur -to every one who considers the means then employed to secure sobriety and -good order in them. For example, Josselyn says that when a stranger went -into one for the purpose of refreshing the inner man, he presently found a -constable at his elbow, who, it appeared, was there to see to it that the -guest called for no more liquor than seemed good for him. If he did so, -the beadle peremptorily countermanded the order, himself fixing the -quantity to be drank; and from his decision there was no appeal. - -Of these early ordinaries the earliest known to be licensed goes as far -back as 1634, when Samuel Cole, comfit-maker, kept it. A kind of interest -naturally goes with the spot of ground on which this the first house of -public entertainment in the New England metropolis stood. On this point -all the early authorities seem to have been at fault. Misled by the -meagre record in the Book of Possessions, the zealous antiquaries of -former years had always located Cole's Inn in what is now Merchants' Row. -Since Thomas Lechford's Note Book has been printed, the copy of a deed, -dated in the year 1638, in which Cole conveys part of his dwelling, with -brew-house, etc., has been brought to light. The estate noted here is the -one situated next northerly from the well-known Old Corner Bookstore, on -Washington Street. It would, therefore, appear, beyond reasonable doubt, -that Cole's Inn stood in what was already the high street of the town, -nearly opposite Governor Winthrop's, which gives greater point to my Lord -Leigh's refusal to accept Winthrop's proffered hospitality when his -lordship was sojourning under Cole's roof-tree. - -In his New England Tragedies, Mr. Longfellow introduces Cole, who is made -to say,-- - - "But the 'Three Mariners' is an orderly, - Most orderly, quiet, and respectable house." - -Cole, certainly, could have had no other than a poet's license for calling -his house by this name, as it is never mentioned otherwise than as _Cole's -Inn_. - -Another of these worthy landlords was William Hudson, who had leave to -keep an ordinary in 1640. From his occupation of baker, he easily stepped -into the congenial employment of innkeeper. Hudson was among the earliest -settlers of Boston, and for many years is found most active in town -affairs. His name is on the list of those who were admitted freemen of -the Colony, in May, 1631. As his son William also followed the same -calling, the distinction of Senior and Junior becomes necessary when -speaking of them. - -Hudson's house is said to have stood on the ground now occupied by the New -England Bank, which, if true, would make this the most noted of tavern -stands in all New England, or rather in all the colonies, as the same site -afterward became known as the =Bunch of Grapes=. We shall have much -occasion to notice it under that title. In Hudson's time the appearance of -things about this locality was very different from what is seen to-day. -All the earlier topographical features have been obliterated. Then the -tide flowed nearly up to the tavern door, so making the spot a landmark of -the ancient shore line as the first settlers had found it. Even so simple -a statement as this will serve to show us how difficult is the task of -fixing, with approximate accuracy, residences or sites on the water front, -going as far back as the original occupants of the soil. - -Next in order of time comes the house called the =King's Arms=. This -celebrated inn stood at the head of the dock, in what is now Dock Square. -Hugh Gunnison, victualler, kept a "cooke's shop" in his dwelling there -some time before 1642, as he was then allowed to sell beer. The next year -he humbly prayed the court for leave "to draw the wyne which was spent in -his house," in the room of having his customers get it elsewhere, and then -come into his place the worse for liquor,--a proceeding which he justly -thought unfair as well as unprofitable dealing. He asks this favor in -order that "God be not dishonored nor his people grieved." - -We know that Gunnison was favored with the custom of the General Court, -because we find that body voting to defray the expenses incurred for being -entertained in his house "out of y{e} custom of wines or y{e} wampum of -y{e} Narragansetts." - -Gunnison's house presently took the not always popular name of the _King's -Arms_, which it seems to have kept until the general overturning of -thrones in the Old Country moved the Puritan rulers to order the taking -down of the King's arms, and setting up of the State's in their stead; -for, until the restoration of the Stuarts, the tavern is the same, we -think, known as the =State's Arms=. It then loyally resumed its old -insignia again. Such little incidents show us how taverns frequently -denote the fluctuation of popular opinion. - -As Gunnison's bill of fare has not come down to us, we are at a loss to -know just how the colonial fathers fared at his hospitable board; but so -long as the 'treat' was had at the public expense we cannot doubt that the -dinners were quite as good as the larder afforded, or that full justice -was done to the contents of mine host's cellar by those worthy legislators -and lawgivers. - -When Hugh Gunnison sold out the _King's Arms_ to Henry Shrimpton and -others, in 1651, for L600 sterling, the rooms in his house all bore some -distinguishing name or title. For instance, one chamber was called the -"Exchange." We have sometimes wondered whether it was so named in -consequence of its use by merchants of the town as a regular place of -meeting. The chamber referred to was furnished with "one half-headed -bedstead with blew pillars." There was also a "Court Chamber," which, -doubtless, was the one assigned to the General Court when dining at -Gunnison's. Still other rooms went by such names as the "London" and -"Star." The hall contained three small rooms, or stalls, with a bar -convenient to it. This room was for public use, but the apartments -upstairs were for the "quality" alone, or for those who paid for the -privilege of being private. All remember how, in "She Stoops to Conquer," -Miss Hardcastle is made to say: "Attend the Lion, there!--Pipes and -tobacco for the Angel!--The Lamb has been outrageous this half hour!" - -The =Castle Tavern= was another house of public resort, kept by William -Hudson, Jr., at what is now the upper corner of Elm Street and Dock -Square. Just at what time this noted tavern came into being is a matter -extremely difficult to be determined; but, as we find a colonial order -billeting soldiers in it in 1656, we conclude it to have been a public inn -at that early day. At this time Hudson is styled lieutenant. If Whitman's -records of the Artillery Company be taken as correct, the younger Hudson -had seen service in the wars. With "divers other of our best military -men," he had crossed the ocean to take service in the Parliamentary -forces, in which he held the rank of ensign, returning home to New -England, after an absence of two years, to find his wife publicly accused -of faithlessness to her marriage vows. - -The presence of these old inns at the head of the town dock naturally -points to that locality as the business centre, and it continued to hold -that relation to the commerce of Boston until, by the building of wharves -and piers, ships were enabled to come up to them for the purpose of -unloading. Before that time their cargoes were landed in boats and -lighters. Far back, in the beginning of things, when everything had to be -transported by water to and from the neighboring settlements, this was -naturally the busiest place in Boston. In time Dock Square became, as its -name indicates, a sort of delta for the confluent lanes running down to -the dock below it. - -Here, for a time, was centred all the movement to and from the shipping, -and, we may add, about all the commerce of the infant settlement. -Naturally the vicinity was most convenient for exposing for sale all sorts -of merchandise as it was landed, which fact soon led to the establishment -of a corn market on one side of the dock and a fish market on the other -side. - -The =Royal Exchange= stood on the site of the Merchants' Bank, in State -Street. In this high-sounding name we find a sure sign that the town had -outgrown its old traditions and was making progress toward more citified -ways. As time wore on a town-house had been built in the market-place. Its -ground floor was purposely left open for the citizens to walk about, -discuss the news, or bargain in. In the popular phrase, they were said to -meet "on 'change," and thereafter this place of meeting was known as the -Exchange, which name the tavern and lane soon took to themselves as a -natural right. - -[Illustration: THE ROYAL EXCHANGE TAVERN (Merchants Bank site, State -Street) - -The tall white building, mail coach just leaving] - -A glance at the locality in question shows the choice to have been made -with a shrewd eye to the future. For example: the house fronted upon the -town market-place, where, on stated days, fairs or markets for the sale of -country products were held. On one side the tavern was flanked by the -well-trodden lane which led to the town dock. From daily chaffering in a -small way, those who wished to buy or sell came to meet here regularly. It -also became the place for popular gatherings,--on such occasions of -ceremony as the publishing of proclamations, mustering of troops, or -punishment of criminals,--all of which vindicates its title to be called -the heart of the little commonwealth. - -Indeed, on this spot the pulse of its daily life beat with ever-increasing -vigor. Hither came the country people, with their donkeys and panniers. -Here in the open air they set up their little booths to tempt the town's -folk with the display of fresh country butter, cheese and eggs, fruits or -vegetables. Here came the citizen, with his basket on his arm, exchanging -his stock of news or opinions as he bargained for his dinner, and so -caught the drift of popular sentiment beyond his own chimney-corner. - -To loiter a little longer at the sign of the _Royal Exchange_, which, by -all accounts, always drew the best custom of the town, we find that, as -long ago as Luke Vardy's time, it was a favorite resort of the Masonic -fraternity, Vardy being a brother of the order. According to a poetic -squib of the time,-- - - "'Twas he who oft dispelled their sadness, - And filled the breth'ren's hearts with gladness." - -After the burning of the town-house, near by, in the winter of 1747, had -turned the General Court out of doors, that body finished its sessions at -Vardy's; nor do we find any record of legislation touching Luke's taproom -on that occasion. - -Vardy's was the resort of the young bloods of the town, who spent their -evenings in drinking, gaming, or recounting their love affairs. One July -evening, in 1728, two young men belonging to the first families in the -province quarreled over their cards or wine. A challenge passed. At that -time the sword was the weapon of gentlemen. The parties repaired to a -secluded part of the Common, stripped for the encounter, and fought it out -by the light of the moon. After a few passes one of the combatants, named -Woodbridge, received a mortal thrust; the survivor was hurried off by his -friends on board a ship, which immediately set sail. This being the first -duel ever fought in the town, it naturally made a great stir. - -[Illustration: JOSEPH GREEN - -Noted Boston merchant and wit, died in England, 1780 - - SATIRE ON LUKE TARDY OF THE ROYAL EXCHANGE TAVERN - - BY JOSEPH GREEN AT A MASONIC MEETING, 1749 - - "Where's honest _Luke_,--that cook from London? - For without _Luke_ the _Lodge_ is undone; - 'Twas he who oft dispelled their sadness. - And fill'd the _Brethren's_ heart with gladness. - For them his ample bowls o'erflow'd. - His table groan'd beneath its load; - For them he stretch'd his utmost art.-- - Their honours grateful they impart. - _Luke_ in return is made a _brother_, - As _good_ and _true_ as any other; - And still, though broke with age and wine, - Preserves the _token_ and the _sign_." - --"Entertainments for a Winter's Evening."] - -We cannot leave the neighborhood without at least making mention of the -Massacre of the 5th of March, 1770, which took place in front of the -tavern. It was then a three-story brick house, the successor, it is -believed, of the first building erected on the spot and destroyed in the -great fire of 1711. On the opposite corner of the lane stood the Royal -Custom House, where a sentry was walking his lonely round on that frosty -night, little dreaming of the part he was to play in the coming tragedy. -With the assault made by the mob on this sentinel, the fatal affray began -which sealed the cause of the colonists with their blood. At this time the -tavern enjoyed the patronage of the newly arrived British officers of the -army and navy as well as of citizens or placemen, of the Tory party, so -that its inmates must have witnessed, with peculiar feelings, every -incident of that night of terror. Consequently the house with its sign is -shown in Revere's well-known picture of the massacre. - -One more old hostelry in this vicinity merits a word from us. Though not -going so far back or coming down to so late a date as some of the houses -already mentioned, nevertheless it has ample claim not to be passed by in -silence. - -The =Anchor=, otherwise the "Blew Anchor," stood on the ground now -occupied by the Globe newspaper building. In early times it divided with -the _State's Arms_ the patronage of the magistrates, who seem to have had -a custom, perhaps not yet quite out of date, of adjourning to the ordinary -over the way after transacting the business which had brought them -together. So we find that the commissioners of the United Colonies, and -even the reverend clergy, when they were summoned to the colonial capital -to attend a synod, were usually entertained here at the _Anchor_. - -This fact presupposes a house having what we should now call the latest -improvements, or at least possessing some advantages over its older rivals -in the excellence of its table or cellarage. When Robert Turner kept it, -his rooms were distinguished, after the manner of the old London inns, as -the Cross Keys, Green Dragon, Anchor and Castle Chamber, Rose and Sun, Low -Room, so making old associations bring in custom. - -It was in 1686 that John Dunton, a London bookseller whom Pope lampoons in -the "Dunciad," came over to Boston to do a little business in the -bookselling line. The vicinity of the town-house was then crowded with -book-shops, all of which drove a thriving trade in printing and selling -sermons, almanacs, or fugitive essays of a sort now quite unknown outside -of a few eager collectors. The time was a critical one in New England, as -she was feeling the tremor of the coming revolt which sent King James into -exile; yet to read Dunton's account of men and things as he thought he saw -them, one would imagine him just dropped into Arcadia, rather than -breathing the threatening atmosphere of a country that was tottering on -the edge of revolution. - -But it is to him, at any rate, that we are indebted for a portrait of the -typical landlord,--one whom we feel at once we should like to have -known, and, having known, to cherish in our memory. With a flourish of his -goose-quill Dunton introduces us to George Monk, landlord of the _Anchor_, -who, somehow, reminds us of Chaucer's Harry Bailly, and Ben Jonson's -Goodstock. And we more than suspect from what follows that Dunton had -tasted the "Anchor" Madeira, not only once, but again. - -[Illustration: JOHN DUNTON, Bookseller, 1659-1733] - -George Monk, mine host of the _Anchor_, Dunton tells us, was "a person so -remarkable that, had I not been acquainted with him, it would be a hard -matter to make any New England man believe that I had been in Boston; for -there was no one house in all the town more noted, or where a man might -meet with better accommodation. Besides he was a brisk and jolly man, -whose conversation was coveted by all his guests as the life and spirit of -the company." - -In this off-hand sketch we behold the traditional publican, now, alas! -extinct. Gossip, newsmonger, banker, pawnbroker, expediter of men or -effects, the intimate association so long existing between landlord and -public under the old regime everywhere brought about a still closer one -among the guild itself, so establishing a network of communication -coextensive with all the great routes from Maine to Georgia. - -Situated just "around the corner" from the council-chamber, the _Anchor_ -became, as we have seen, the favorite haunt of members of the government, -and so acquired something of an official character and standing. We have -strong reason to believe that, under the mellowing influence of the -punch-bowl, those antique men of iron mould and mien could now and then -crack a grim jest or tell a story or possibly troll a love-ditty, with -grave gusto. At any rate, we find Chief Justice Sewall jotting down in his -"Diary" the familiar sentence, "The deputies treated and I treated." And, -to tell the truth, we would much prefer to think of the colonial fathers -as possessing even some human frailties rather than as the statues now -replacing their living forms and features in our streets. - -But now and then we can imagine the noise of great merriment making the -very windows of some of these old hostelries rattle again. We learn that -the =Greyhound= was a respectable public house, situated in Roxbury, and -of very early date too; for the venerable and saintly Eliot lived upon one -side and his pious colleague, Samuel Danforth, on the other. Yet -notwithstanding its being, as it were, hedged in between two such eminent -pillars of the church, the godly Danforth bitterly complains of the -provocation which frequenters of the tavern sometimes tried him withal, -and naively informs us that, when from his study windows he saw any of the -town dwellers loitering there he would go down and "chide them away." - -It is related in the memoirs of the celebrated Indian fighter, Captain -Benjamin Church, that he and Captain Converse once found themselves in the -neighborhood of a tavern at the South End of Boston. As old comrades they -wished to go in and take a parting glass together; but, on searching their -pockets, Church could find only sixpence and Converse not a penny to bless -himself with, so they were compelled to forego this pledge of friendship -and part with thirsty lips. Going on to Roxbury, Church luckily found an -old neighbor of his, who generously lent him money enough to get home -with. He tells the anecdote in order to show to what straits the parsimony -of the Massachusetts rulers had reduced him, their great captain, to whom -the colony owed so much. - -The =Red Lion=, in North Street, was one of the oldest public houses, if -not the oldest, to be opened at the North End of the town. It stood close -to the waterside, the adjoining wharf and the lane running down to it both -belonging to the house and both taking its name. The old Red Lion Lane is -now Richmond Street, and the wharf has been filled up, so making -identification of the old sites difficult, to say the least. Nicholas -Upshall, the stout-hearted Quaker, kept the _Red Lion_ as early as 1654. -At his death the land on which tavern and brewhouse stood went to his -children. When the persecution of his sect began in earnest, Upshall was -thrown into Boston jail, for his outspoken condemnation of the authorities -and their rigorous proceedings toward this people. He was first doomed to -perpetual imprisonment. A long and grievous confinement at last broke -Upshall's health, if it did not, ultimately, prove the cause of his -death. - -The =Ship Tavern= stood at the head of Clark's Wharf, or on the southwest -corner of North and Clark streets, according to present boundaries. It was -an ancient brick building, dating as far back as 1650 at least. John Vyal -kept it in 1663. When Clark's Wharf was built it was the principal one of -the town. Large ships came directly up to it, so making the tavern a most -convenient resort for masters of vessels or their passengers, and -associating it with the locality itself. King Charles's commissioners -lodged at Vyal's house, when they undertook the task of bringing down the -pride of the rulers of the colony a peg. One of them, Sir Robert Carr, -pummeled a constable who attempted to arrest him in this house. He -afterward refused to obey a summons to answer for the assault before the -magistrates, loftily alleging His Majesty's commission as superior to any -local mandate whatever. He thus retaliated Governor Leverett's affront to -the commissioners in keeping his hat on his head when their authority to -act was being read to the council. But Leverett was a man who had served -under Cromwell, and had no love for the cavaliers or they for him. The -commissioners sounded trumpets and made proclamations; but the colony kept -on the even tenor of its way, in defiance of the royal mandate, equally -regardless of the storm gathering about it, as of the magnitude of the -conflict in which it was about to plunge, all unarmed and unprepared. - - - - -III. - -IN REVOLUTIONARY TIMES. - - -Such thoroughfares as King Street, just before the Revolution, were filled -with horsemen, donkeys, oxen, and long-tailed trucks, with a sprinkling of -one-horse chaises and coaches of the kind seen in Hogarth's realistic -pictures of London life. To these should be added the chimney-sweeps, -wood-sawyers, market-women, soldiers, and sailors, who are now quite as -much out of date as the vehicles themselves are. There being no sidewalks, -the narrow footway was protected, here and there, sometimes by posts, -sometimes by an old cannon set upright at the corners, so that the -traveller dismounted from his horse or alighted from coach or chaise at -the very threshold. - -Next in the order of antiquity, as well as fame, to the taverns already -named, comes the =Bunch of Grapes= in King, now State Street. The plain -three-story stone building situated at the upper corner of Kilby Street -stands where the once celebrated tavern did. Three gilded clusters of -grapes dangled temptingly over the door before the eye of the passer-by. -Apart from its palate-tickling suggestions, a pleasant aroma of antiquity -surrounds this symbol, so dear to all devotees of Bacchus from immemorial -time. In _Measure for Measure_ the clown says, "'Twas in the Bunch of -Grapes, where indeed you have a delight to sit, have you not?" And Froth -answers, "I have so, because it is an open room and good for winter." - -[Illustration: THE BUNCH OF GRAPES] - -This house goes back to the year 1712, when Francis Holmes kept it, and -perhaps further still, though we do not meet with it under this title -before Holmes's time. From that time, until after the Revolution, it -appears to have always been open as a public inn, and, as such, is -feelingly referred to by one old traveller as the best punch-house to be -found in all Boston. - -When the line came to be drawn between conditional loyalty, and loyalty at -any rate, the _Bunch of Grapes_ became the resort of the High Whigs, who -made it a sort of political headquarters, in which patriotism only passed -current, and it was known as the Whig tavern. With military occupation -and bayonet rule, still further intensifying public feeling, the line -between Whig and Tory houses was drawn at the threshold. It was then kept -by Marston. Cold welcome awaited the appearance of scarlet regimentals or -a Tory phiz there; so gentlemen of that side of politics also formed -cliques of their own at other houses, in which the talk and the toasts -were more to their liking, and where they could abuse the Yankee rebels -over their port to their heart's content. - -But, apart from political considerations, one or two incidents have given -the _Bunch of Grapes_ a kind of pre-eminence over all its contemporaries, -and, therefore, ought not to be passed over when the house is mentioned. - -On Monday, July 30, 1733, the first grand lodge of Masons in America was -organized here by Henry Price, a Boston tailor, who had received authority -from Lord Montague, Grand Master of England, for the purpose. - -Again, upon the evacuation of Boston by the royal troops, this house -became the centre for popular demonstrations. First, His Excellency, -General Washington, was handsomely entertained there. Some months later, -after hearing the Declaration read from the balcony of the Town-house, the -populace, having thus made their appeal to the King of kings, proceeded to -pull down from the public buildings the royal arms which had distinguished -them, and, gathering them in a heap in front of the tavern, made a bonfire -of them, little imagining, we think, that the time would ever come when -the act would be looked upon as vandalism on their part. - -General Stark's timely victory at Bennington was celebrated with all the -more heartiness of enthusiasm in Boston because the people had been -quaking with fear ever since the fall of Ticonderoga sent dismay -throughout New England. The affair is accurately described in the -following letter, written by a prominent actor, and going to show how such -things were done in the times that not only tried men's souls, but would -seem also to have put their stomachs to a pretty severe test. The writer -says:-- - -"In consequence of this news we kept it up in high taste. At sundown about -one hundred of the first gentlemen of the town, with all the strangers -then in Boston, met at the _Bunch of Grapes_, where good liquors and a -side-table were provided. In the street were two brass field-pieces with a -detachment of Colonel Craft's regiment. In the balcony of the Town-house -all the fifes and drums of my regiment were stationed. The ball opened -with a discharge of thirteen cannon, and at every toast given three rounds -were fired and a flight of rockets sent up. About nine o'clock two barrels -of grog were brought out into the street for the people that had collected -there. It was all conducted with the greatest propriety, and by ten -o'clock every man was at his home." - -Shortly after this General Stark himself arrived in town and was right -royally entertained here, at that time presenting the trophies now -adorning the Senate Chamber. On his return from France in 1780 Lafayette -was also received at this house with all the honors, on account of having -brought the news that France had at last cast her puissant sword into the -trembling balance of our Revolutionary contest. - -But the important event with which the _Bunch of Grapes_ is associated is, -not the reception of a long line of illustrious guests, but the -organization, by a number of continental officers, of the Ohio Company, -under which the settlement of that great State began in earnest, at -Marietta. The leading spirit in this first concerted movement of New -England toward the Great West was General Rufus Putnam, a cousin of the -more distinguished officer of Revolutionary fame. - -Taking this house as a sample of the best that the town could afford at -the beginning of the century, we should probably find a company of about -twenty persons assembled at dinner, who were privileged to indulge in as -much familiar chat as they liked. No other formalities were observed than -such as good breeding required. Two o'clock was the hour at which all the -town dined. The guests were called together by the ringing of a bell in -the street. They were served with salmon in season, veal, beef, mutton, -fowl, ham, vegetables, and pudding, and each one had his pint of Madeira -set before him. The carving was done at the table in the good old English -way, each guest helping himself to what he liked best. Five shillings per -day was the usual charge, which was certainly not an exorbitant one. In -half an hour after the cloth was removed the table was usually deserted. - -The =British Coffee-House= was one of the first inns to take to itself the -newly imported title. It stood on the site of the granite building -numbered 66 State Street, and was, as its name implies, as emphatically -the headquarters of the out-and-out loyalists as the _Bunch of Grapes_, -over the way, was of the unconditional Whigs. A notable thing about it was -the performance there in 1750, probably by amateurs, of Otway's "Orphan," -an event which so outraged public sentiment as to cause the enactment of a -law prohibiting the performance of stage plays under severe penalties. - -Perhaps an even more notable occurrence was the formation in this house of -the first association in Boston taking to itself the distinctive name of a -Club. The =Merchants' Club=, as it was called, met here as early as 1751. -Its membership was not restricted to merchants, as might be inferred from -its title, though they were possibly in a majority, but included crown -officers, members of the bar, military and naval officers serving on the -station, and gentlemen of high social rank of every shade of opinion. No -others were eligible to membership. - -Up to a certain time this club, undoubtedly, represented the best culture, -the most brilliant wit, and most delightful companionship that could be -brought together in all the colonies; but when the political sky grew dark -the old harmony was at an end, and a division became inevitable, the -Whigs going over to the _Bunch of Grapes_, and thereafter taking to -themselves the name of the Whig Club.[1] - -Under date of 1771, John Adams notes down in his Diary this item: "Spent -the evening at Cordis's, in the front room towards the Long Wharf, where -the _Merchants' Club_ has met these twenty years. It seems there is a -schism in that church, a rent in that garment." Cordis was then the -landlord.[2] - -Social and business meetings of the bar were also held at the -_Coffee-House_, at one of which Josiah Quincy, Jr. was admitted. By and by -the word "American" was substituted for "British" on the _Coffee-House_ -sign, and for some time it flourished under its new title of the =American -Coffee-House=. - -But before the clash of opinions had brought about the secession just -mentioned, the best room in this house held almost nightly assemblages of -a group of patriotic men, who were actively consolidating all the elements -of opposition into a single force. Not inaptly they might be called the -Old Guard of the Revolution. The principals were Otis, Cushing, John -Adams, Pitts, Dr. Warren, and Molyneux. Probably no minutes of their -proceedings were kept, for the excellent reason that they verged upon, if -they did not overstep, the treasonable. - -His talents, position at the bar, no less than intimate knowledge of the -questions which were then so profoundly agitating the public mind, -naturally made Otis the leader in these conferences, in which the means -for counteracting the aggressive measures then being put in force by the -ministry formed the leading topic of discussion. His acute and logical -mind, mastery of public law, intensity of purpose, together with the keen -and biting satire which he knew so well how to call to his aid, procured -for Otis the distinction of being the best-hated man on the Whig side of -politics, because he was the one most feared. Whether in the House, the -court-room, the taverns, or elsewhere, Otis led the van of resistance. In -military phrase, his policy was the offensive-defensive. He was no -respecter of ignorance in high places. Once when Governor Bernard -sneeringly interrupted Otis to ask him who the authority was whom he was -citing, the patriot coldly replied, "He is a very eminent jurist, and none -the less so for being unknown to your Excellency." - -It was in the _Coffee-House_ that Otis, in attempting to pull a Tory nose, -was set upon and so brutally beaten by a place-man named Robinson, and his -friends, as to ultimately cause the loss of his reason and final -withdrawal from public life. John Adams says he was "basely assaulted by a -well-dressed banditti, with a commissioner of customs at their head." What -they had never been able to compass by fair argument, the Tories now -succeeded in accomplishing by brute force, since Otis was forever -disqualified from taking part in the struggle which he had all along -foreseen was coming,--and which, indeed, he had done more to bring about -than any single man in the colonies. - -Connected with this affair is an anecdote which we think merits a place -along with it. It is related by John Adams, who was an interested -listener. William Molyneux had a petition before the legislature which did -not succeed to his wishes, and for several evenings he had wearied the -company with his complaints of services, losses, sacrifices, etc., always -winding up with saying, "That a man who has behaved as I have should be -treated as I am is intolerable," with much more to the same effect. Otis -had said nothing, but the whole club were disgusted and out of patience, -when he rose from his seat with the remark, "Come, come, Will, quit this -subject, and let us enjoy ourselves. I also have a list of grievances; -will you hear it?" The club expected some fun, so all cried out, "Ay! ay! -let us hear your list." - -"Well, then, in the first place, I resigned the office of -advocate-general, which I held from the crown, which produced me--how much -do you think?" - -"A great deal, no doubt," said Molyneux. - -"Shall we say two hundred sterling a year?" - -"Ay, more, I believe," said Molyneux. - -"Well, let it be two hundred. That, for ten years, is two thousand. In the -next place, I have been obliged to relinquish the greater part of my -business at the bar. Will you set that at two hundred pounds more?" - -"Oh, I believe it much more than that!" was the answer. - -"Well, let it be two hundred. This, for ten years, makes two thousand. You -allow, then, I have lost four thousand pounds sterling?" - -"Ay, and more too," said Molyneux. Otis went on: "In the next place, I -have lost a hundred friends, among whom were men of the first rank, -fortune, and power in the province. At what price will you estimate them?" - -"D--n them!" said Molyneux, "at nothing. You are better off without them -than with them." - -A loud laugh from the company greeted this sally. - -"Be it so," said Otis. "In the next place, I have made a thousand enemies, -among whom are the government of the province and the nation. What do you -think of this item?" - -"That is as it may happen," said Molyneux, reflectively. - -"In the next place, you know I love pleasure, but I have renounced -pleasure for ten years. What is that worth?" - -"No great matter: you have made politics your amusement." - -A hearty laugh. - -"In the next place, I have ruined as fine health as nature ever gave to -man." - -"That is melancholy indeed; there is nothing to be said on that point," -Molyneux replied. - -"Once more," continued Otis, holding down his head before Molyneux, "look -upon this head!" (there was a deep, half-closed scar, in which a man might -lay his finger)--"and, what is worse my friends think I have a monstrous -crack in my skull." - -This made all the company look grave, and had the desired effect of making -Molyneux who was really a good companion, heartily ashamed of his childish -complaints. - -[Illustration] - -Another old inn of assured celebrity was the =Cromwell's Head=, in School -Street. This was a two-story wooden building of venerable appearance, -conspicuously displaying over the footway a grim likeness of the Lord -Protector, it is said much to the disgust of the ultra royalists, who, -rather than pass underneath it, habitually took the other side of the way. -Indeed, some of the hot-headed Tories were for serving _Cromwell's Head_ -as that man of might had served their martyr king's. So, when the town -came under martial law, mine host Brackett, whose family kept the house -for half a century or more, had to take down his sign, and conceal it -until such time as the "British hirelings" should have made their -inglorious exit from the town. - -[Illustration] - -After Braddock's crushing defeat in the West, a young Virginian colonel, -named George Washington, was sent by Governor Dinwiddie to confer with -Governor Shirley, who was the great war governor of his day, as Andrew was -of our own, with the difference that Shirley then had the general -direction of military affairs, from the Ohio to the St. Lawrence, pretty -much in his own hands. Colonel Washington took up his quarters at -Brackett's, little imagining, perhaps, that twenty years later he would -enter Boston at the head of a victorious republican army, after having -quartered his troops in Governor Shirley's splendid mansion. - -Major-General the Marquis Chastellux, of Rochambeau's auxiliary army, -also lodged at the _Cromwell's Head_ when he was in Boston in 1782. He met -there the renowned Paul Jones, whose excessive vanity led him to read to -the company in the coffee-room some verses composed in his own honor, it -is said, by Lady Craven. - -From the tavern of the gentry we pass on to the tavern of the mechanics, -and of the class which Abraham Lincoln has forever distinguished by the -title of the common people. - -Among such houses the =Salutation=, which stood at the junction of -Salutation with North Street, is deserving of a conspicuous place. Its -vicinity to the shipyards secured for it the custom of the sturdy North -End shipwrights, caulkers, gravers, sparmakers, and the like,--a numerous -body, who, while patriots to the backbone, were also quite clannish and -independent in their feelings and views, and consequently had to be -managed with due regard to their class prejudices, as in politics they -always went in a body. Shrewd politicians, like Samuel Adams, understood -this. Governor Phips owed his elevation to it. As a body, therefore, these -mechanics were extremely formidable, whether at the polls or in carrying -out the plans of their leaders. To their meetings the origin of the word -_caucus_ is usually referred, the word itself undoubtedly having come into -familiar use as a short way of saying caulkers' meetings. - -The _Salutation_ became the point of fusion between leading Whig -politicians and the shipwrights. More than sixty influential mechanics -attended the first meeting, called in 1772, at which Dr. Warren drew up a -code of by-laws. Some leading mechanic, however, was always chosen to be -the moderator. The "caucus," as it began to be called, continued to meet -in this place until after the destruction of the tea, when, for greater -secrecy, it became advisable to transfer the sittings to another place, -and then the Green Dragon, in Union Street, was selected. - -The _Salutation_ had a sign of the sort that is said to tickle the popular -fancy for what is quaint or humorous. It represented two citizens, with -hands extended, bowing and scraping to each other in the most approved -fashion. So the North-Enders nicknamed it "The Two Palaverers," by which -name it was most commonly known. This house, also, was a reminiscence of -the _Salutation_ in Newgate Street, London, which was the favorite haunt -of Lamb and Coleridge. - -The =Green Dragon= will probably outlive all its contemporaries in the -popular estimation. In the first place a mural tablet, with a dragon -sculptured in relief, has been set in the wall of the building that now -stands upon some part of the old tavern site. It is the only one of the -old inns to be so distinguished. Its sign was the fabled dragon, in -hammered metal, projecting out above the door, and was probably the -counterpart of the _Green Dragon_ in Bishopsgate Street, London. - -[Illustration: THE GREEN DRAGON TAVERN] - -As a public house this one goes back to 1712, when Richard Pullen kept -it; and we also find it noticed, in 1715, as a place for entering horses -to be run for a piece of plate of the value of twenty-five pounds. In -passing, we may as well mention the fact that Revere Beach was the -favorite race-ground of that day. The house was well situated for -intercepting travel to and from the northern counties. - -[Illustration: THE GREEN DRAGON.] - -To resume the historical connection between the _Salutation_ and _Green -Dragon_, its worthy successor, it appears that Dr. Warren continued to be -the commanding figure after the change of location; and, if he was not -already the popular idol, he certainly came little short of it, for -everything pointed to him as the coming leader whom the exigency should -raise up. Samuel Adams was popular in a different way. He was cool, -far-sighted, and persistent, but he certainly lacked the magnetic quality. -Warren was much younger, far more impetuous and aggressive,--in short, he -possessed all the more brilliant qualities for leadership which Adams -lacked. Moreover, he was a fluent and effective speaker, of graceful -person, handsome, affable, with frank and winning manners, all of which -added no little to his popularity. Adams inspired respect, Warren -confidence. As Adams himself said, he belonged to the "cabinet," while -Warren's whole make-up as clearly marked him for the field. - -In all the local events preliminary to our revolutionary struggle, this -_Green Dragon_ section or junto constituted an active and positive force. -It represented the muscle of the Revolution. Every member was sworn to -secrecy, and of them all one only proved recreant to his oath. - -These were the men who gave the alarm on the eve of the battle of -Lexington, who spirited away cannon under General Gage's nose, and who in -so many instances gallantly fought in the ranks of the republican army. -Wanting a man whom he could fully trust, Warren early singled out Paul -Revere for the most important services. He found him as true as steel. A -peculiar kind of friendship seems to have sprung up between the two, -owing, perhaps, to the same daring spirit common to both. So when Warren -sent word to Revere that he must instantly ride to Lexington or all would -be lost, he knew that, if it lay in the power of man to do it, the thing -would be done. - -Besides the more noted of the tavern clubs there were numerous private -coteries, some exclusively composed of politicians, others more resembling -our modern debating societies than anything else. These clubs usually met -at the houses of the members themselves, so exerting a silent influence on -the body politic. The non-importation agreement originated at a private -club in 1773. But all were not on the patriot side. The crown had equally -zealous supporters, who met and talked the situation over without any of -the secrecy which prudence counselled the other side to use in regard to -their proceedings. Some associations endeavored to hold the balance -between the factions by standing neutral. They deprecated the -encroachments of the mother-country, but favored passive obedience. Dryden -has described them: - - "Not Whigs nor Tories they, nor this nor that, - Nor birds nor beasts, but just a kind of bat,-- - A twilight animal, true to neither cause, - With Tory wings but Whiggish teeth and claws." - -It should be mentioned that Gridley, the father of the Boston Bar, -undertook, in 1765, to organize a law club, with the purpose of making -head against Otis, Thatcher, and Auchmuty. John Adams and Fitch were -Gridley's best men. They met first at Ballard's, and subsequently at each -other's chambers; their "sodality," as they called it, being for -professional study and advancement. Gridley, it appears, was a little -jealous of his old pupil, Otis, who had beaten him in the famous argument -on the Writs of Assistance. Mention is also made of a club of which Daniel -Leonard (_Massachusettensis_), John Lowell, Elisha Hutchinson, Frank -Dana, and Josiah Quincy were members. Similar clubs also existed in most -of the principal towns in New England. - -The =Sons of Liberty= adopted the name given by Colonel Barre to the -enemies of passive obedience in America. They met in the counting-room of -Chase and Speakman's distillery, near Liberty Tree.[3] Mackintosh, the man -who led the mob in the Stamp Act riots, is doubtless the same person who -assisted in throwing the tea overboard. We hear no more of him after this. -The "Sons" were an eminently democratic organization, as few except -mechanics were members. Among them were men like Avery, Crafts, and Edes -the printer. All attained more or less prominence. Edes continued to print -the _Boston Gazette_ long after the Revolution. During Bernard's -administration he was offered the whole of the government printing, if he -would stop his opposition to the measures of the crown. He refused the -bribe, and his paper was the only one printed in America without a stamp, -in direct violation of an Act of Parliament. The "Sons" pursued their -measures with such vigor as to create much alarm among the loyalists, on -whom the Stamp Act riots had made a lasting impression. Samuel Adams is -thought to have influenced their proceedings more than any other of the -leaders. It was by no means a league of ascetics, who had resolved to -mortify the flesh, as punch and tobacco were liberally used to stimulate -the deliberations. - -[Illustration: THE LIBERTY TREE] - -No important political association outlived the beginning of hostilities. -All the leaders were engaged in the military or civil service on one or -the other side. Of the circle that met at the _Merchants'_ three were -members of the Philadelphia Congress of 1774, one was president of the -Provincial Congress of Massachusetts, the career of two was closed by -death, and that of Otis by insanity. - - - - -IV. - -SIGNBOARD HUMOR. - - -Another tavern sign, though of later date, was that of the =Good Woman=, -at the North End. This _Good Woman_ was painted without a head. - -[Illustration: THE GOOD WOMAN] - -Still another board had painted on it a bird, a tree, a ship, and a -foaming can, with the legend,-- - - "This is the bird that never flew, - This is the tree which never grew, - This is the ship which never sails, - This is the can which never fails." - -The =Dog and Pot=, =Turk's Head=, =Tun and Bacchus=, were also old and -favorite emblems. Some of the houses which swung these signs were very -quaint specimens of our early architecture. So, also, the signs themselves -were not unfrequently the work of good artists. Smibert or Copley may have -painted some of them. West once offered five hundred dollars for a red -lion he had painted for a tavern sign. - -[Illustration: DOG AND POT.] - -Not a few boards displayed a good deal of ingenuity and mother-wit, which -was not without its effect, especially upon thirsty Jack, who could hardly -be expected to resist such an appeal as this one of the _Ship in -Distress_: - - "With sorrows I am compass'd round; - Pray lend a hand, my ship's aground." - -We hear of another signboard hanging out at the extreme South End of the -town, on which was depicted a globe with a man breaking through the crust, -like a chicken from its shell. The man's nakedness was supposed to -betoken extreme poverty. - -So much for the sign itself. The story goes that early one morning a -continental regiment was halted in front of the tavern, after having just -made a forced march from Providence. The men were broken down with -fatigue, bespattered with mud, famishing from hunger. One of these -veterans doubtless echoed the sentiments of all the rest when he shouted -out to the man on the sign, "'List, darn ye! 'List, and you'll get through -this world fast enough!" - -[Illustration: "HOW SHALL I GET THROUGH THIS WORLD?"] - -In time of war the taverns were favorite recruiting rendezvous. Those at -the waterside were conveniently situated for picking up men from among the -idlers who frequented the tap-rooms. Under date of 1745, when we were at -war with France, bills were posted in the town giving notice to all -concerned that, "All gentlemen sailors and others, who are minded to go on -a cruise off of Cape Breton, on board the brigantine _Hawk_, Captain -Philip Bass commander, mounting fourteen carriage, and twenty swivel guns, -going in consort with the brigantine _Ranger_, Captain Edward Fryer -commander, of the like force, to intercept the East India, South Sea, and -other ships bound to Cape Breton, let them repair to the Widow Gray's at -the =Crown Tavern=, at the head of Clark's Wharf, to go with Captain Bass, -or to the =Vernon's Head=, Richard Smith's, in King Street, to go in the -_Ranger_." "Gentlemen sailors" is a novel sea-term that must have tickled -an old salt's fancy amazingly. - -The following notice, given at the same date in the most public manner, is -now curious reading. "To be sold, a likely negro or mulatto boy, about -eleven years of age." This was in Boston. - -The Revolution wrought swift and significant change in many of the old, -favorite signboards. Though the idea remained the same, their symbolism -was now put to a different use. Down came the king's and up went the -people's arms. The crowns and sceptres, the lions and unicorns, furnished -fuel for patriotic bonfires or were painted out forever. With them -disappeared the last tokens of the monarchy. The crown was knocked into a -cocked-hat, the sceptre fell at the unsheathing of the sword. The heads of -Washington and Hancock, Putnam and Lee, Jones and Hopkins, now fired the -martial heart instead of Vernon, Hawk, or Wolfe. Allegiance to old and -cherished traditions was swept away as ruthlessly as if it were in truth -but the reflection of that loyalty which the colonists had now thrown off -forever. They had accepted the maxim, that, when a subject draws his sword -against his king, he should throw away the scabbard. - -Such acts are not to be referred to the fickleness of popular favor which -Horace Walpole has moralized upon, or which the poet satirizes in the -lines,-- - - "Vernon, the Butcher Cumberland, Wolfe, Hawke, - Prince Ferdinand, Granby, Burgoyne, Keppell, Howe, - Evil and good have had their tithe of talk, - And filled their sign-post then like Wellesly now." - -Rather should we credit it to that genuine and impassioned outburst of -patriotic feeling which, having turned royalty out of doors, indignantly -tossed its worthless trappings into the street after it. - -Not a single specimen of the old-time hostelries now remains in Boston. -All is changed. The demon demolition is everywhere. Does not this very -want of permanence suggest, with much force, the need of perpetuating a -noted house or site by some appropriate memorial? It is true that a -beginning has been made in this direction, but much more remains to be -done. In this way, a great deal of curious and valuable information may be -picked up in the streets, as all who run may read. It has been noticed -that very few pass by such memorials without stopping to read the -inscriptions. Certainly, no more popular method of teaching history could -well be devised. This being done, on a liberal scale, the city would -still hold its antique flavor through the records everywhere displayed on -the walls of its buildings, and we should have a home application of the -couplet: - - "Oh, but a wit can study in the streets, - And raise his mind above the mob he meets." - - - - -APPENDIX. - -BOSTON TAVERNS TO THE YEAR 1800. - - -The =Anchor=, or =Blue Anchor=. Robert Turner, vintner, came into -possession of the estate (Richard Fairbanks's) in 1652, died in 1664, and -was succeeded in the business by his son John, who continued it till his -own death in 1681; Turner's widow married George Monck, or Monk, who kept -the _Anchor_ until his decease in 1698; his widow carried on the business -till 1703, when the estate probably ceased to be a tavern. The house was -destroyed in the great fire of 1711. The old and new Globe buildings stand -on the site. [See communication of William R. Bagnall in _Boston Daily -Globe_ of April 2, 1885.] Committees of the General Court used to meet -here. (Hutchinson Coll., 345, 347.) - -=Admiral Vernon=, or =Vernon's Head=, corner of State Street and -Merchants' Row. In 1743, Peter Faneuil's warehouse was opposite. Richard -Smith kept it in 1745, Mary Bean in 1775; its sign was a portrait of the -admiral. - -=American Coffee-House.= See _British Coffee-House_. - -=Black Horse=, in Prince Street, formerly Black Horse Lane, so named from -the tavern as early as 1698. - -=Brazen-Head.= In Old Cornhill. Though not a tavern, memorable as the -place where the Great Fire of 1760 originated. - -=Bull=, lower end of Summer Street, north side; demolished 1833 to make -room "for the new street from Sea to Broad," formerly Flounder Lane, now -Atlantic Avenue. It was then a very old building. Bull's Wharf and Lane -named for it. - -=British Coffee-House=, mentioned in 1762. John Ballard kept it. Cord -Cordis, in 1771. - -=Bunch of Grapes.= Kept by Francis Holmes, 1712; William Coffin, 1731-33; -Edward Lutwych, 1733; Joshua Barker, 1749; William Wetherhead, 1750; -Rebecca Coffin, 1760; Joseph Ingersoll, 1764-72. [In 1768 Ingersoll also -had a wine-cellar next door.] Captain John Marston was landlord 1775-78; -William Foster, 1782; Colonel Dudley Colman, 1783; James Vila, 1789, in -which year he removed to Concert Hall; Thomas Lobdell, 1789. Trinity -Church was organized in this house. It was often described as being at the -head of Long Wharf. - -=Castle Tavern=, afterward the =George Tavern=. Northeast by Wing's Lane -(Elm Street), front or southeast by Dock Square. For an account of -Hudson's marital troubles, see Winthrop's _New England_, II. 249. Another -house of the same name is mentioned in 1675 and 1693. A still earlier name -was the "Blew Bell," 1673. It was in Mackerel Lane (Kilby Street), corner -of Liberty Square. - -=Cole's Inn.= See the referred-to deed in _Proc. Am. Ant. Soc._, VII. p. -51. For the episode of Lord Leigh consult _Old Landmarks of Boston_, p. -109. - -=Cromwell's Head=, by Anthony Brackett, 1760; by his widow, 1764-68; later -by Joshua Brackett. A two-story wooden house advertised to be sold, 1802. - -=Crown Coffee-House.= First house on Long Wharf. Thomas Selby kept it -1718-24; Widow Anna Swords, 1749; then the property of Governor Belcher; -Belcher sold to Richard Smith, innholder, who in 1751 sold to Robert -Sherlock. - -=Crown Tavern.= Widow Day's, head of Clark's Wharf; rendezvous for -privateersmen in 1745. - -[Illustration: THE CROWN COFFEE HOUSE (Site of Fidelity Trust Building)] - -=Cross Tavern=, corner of Cross and Ann Streets, 1732; Samuel Mattocks -advertises, 1729, two young bears "very tame" for sale at the _Sign of the -Cross_. Cross Street takes its name from the tavern. Perhaps the same as -the =Red Cross=, in Ann Street, mentioned in 1746, and then kept by John -Osborn. Men who had enlisted for the Canada expedition were ordered to -report there. - -=Dog and Pot=, at the head of Bartlett's Wharf in Ann (North) Street, or, -as then described, Fish Street. Bartlett's Wharf was in 1722 next -northeast of Lee's shipyard. - -=Concert Hall= was not at first a public house, but was built for, and -mostly used as, a place for giving musical entertainments, balls, parties, -etc., though refreshments were probably served in it by the lessee. A -"concert of musick" was advertised to be given there as early as 1755. -(See _Landmarks of Boston_.) Thomas Turner had a dancing and fencing -academy there in 1776. As has been mentioned, James Vila took charge of -Concert Hall in 1789. The old hall, which formed the second story, was -high enough to be divided into two stories when the building was altered -by later owners. It was of brick, and had two ornamental scrolls on the -front, which were removed when the alterations were made. - -=Great Britain Coffee-House=, Ann Street, 1715. The house of Mr. Daniel -Stevens, Ann Street, near the drawbridge. There was another house of the -same name in Queen (Court) Street, near the Exchange, in 1713, where -"superfine bohea, and green tea, chocolate, coffee-powder, etc.," were -advertised. - -=George=, or =St. George, Tavern=, on the Neck, near Roxbury line. (See -_Landmarks of Boston_.) Noted as early as 1721. Simon Rogers kept it -1730-34. In 1769 Edward Bardin took it and changed the name to the =King's -Arms=. Thomas Brackett was landlord in 1770. Samuel Mears, later. During -the siege of 1775 the tavern was burnt by the British, as it covered our -advanced line. It was known at that time by its old name of the _George_. - -=Golden Ball.= Loring's Tavern, Merchants' Row, corner of Corn Court, -1777. Kept by Mrs. Loring in 1789. - -=General Wolfe=, Town Dock, north side of Faneuil Hall, 1768. Elizabeth -Coleman offers for sale utensils of Brew-House, etc., 1773. - -=Green Dragon=, also _Freemason's Arms_. By Richard Pullin, 1712; by Mr. -Pattoun, 1715; Joseph Kilder, 1734, who came from the =Three Cranes=, -Charlestown. John Cary was licensed to keep it in 1769; Benjamin Burdick, -1771, when it became the place of meeting of the Revolutionary Club. St. -Andrews Lodge of Freemasons bought the building before the Revolution, and -continued to own it for more than a century. See p. 46. - -=Hancock House=, Corn Court; sign has Governor Hancock's portrait,--a -wretched daub; said to have been the house in which Louis Philippe lodged -during his short stay in Boston. - -=Hat and Helmet=, by Daniel Jones; less than a quarter of a mile south of -the Town-House. - -=Indian Queen=, =Blue Bell=, and ---- stood on the site of the Parker -Block, Washington Street, formerly Marlborough Street. Nathaniel Bishop -kept it in 1673. After stages begun running into the country, this house, -then kept by Zadock Pomeroy, was a regular starting-place for the Concord, -Groton, and Leominster stages. It was succeeded by the =Washington -Coffee-House=. The =Indian Queen=, in Bromfield Street, was another noted -stage-house, though not of so early date. Isaac Trask, Nabby, his widow, -Simeon Boyden, and Preston Shepard kept it. The =Bromfield House= -succeeded it, on the Methodist Book Concern site. - -[Illustration: - - _Daniel Jones of Boston_, - Hereby informs his Customers and others that he has - Opened a TAVERN in Newbury-Street, - at the Sign of the HAT and HELMET, which is less - than a Quarter of a Mile South of the Town-House: - Where Gentlemen Travellers and others will be kind- - ly entertained, and good Care taken of their Horses. - - He hath Accommodation for private and Fire- - Clubs, and will engage to furnish with good Liquors - and Attendance: Coffee to be had when called for, &c. - - The House to be supplied with the News-Papers for - the Amusement of his Customers. - - N. B. Knapp'd and plain Bever and Beveret Hats, - in the newest Taste, made and sold by said JONES. - -BOSTON NEWS-LETTER, FEB. 15, 1770] - -[Illustration: - - _STAGES._ - - The public are informed, that the Of- - fice of the New-York Mail, and Old Line Stages, is re- - oved from State-street, to Najor KING'S tavern near the - Market, which they will leave at 8 o'clock, A. M. every - day (Sundays excepted). Also, Albany Stage Office is kept - at the same place. The Stage will leave it every Monday - and Thursday at 8 o'clock, A M. - - The apartment in State-Street, lately occupied for the - above purpose, is to be let. Apply to Major KING. - - December 11 - -COLUMBIAN CENTINEL. DEC. 11, 1799] - -[Illustration: - - _New-York_ and _Providence Mail_ - STAGES, - - Leave Major Hatches, Royal Ex- - change Coffee House, in State-Street, every morning - at 8 o'clock, arrive at Providence at 6 the same day; leave - Providence at 4 o'clock, for New-York, Tuesdays, Thurs- - days and Saturdays. Stage Book kept at the bar for the en- - trance of the names. Expresses forwarded to any part of the - continent at the shortest notice, on reasonable terms; horses - kept ready for that purpose only. All favors gratefully ac- - knowledged by the Public's most humble servant. - - _Jan 1._ STEPHEN FULLER, jun. - -COLUMBIAN CENTINEL, JAN. 1, 1800] - -[Illustration: JULIEN HOUSE.] - -=Julien's Restorator=, corner of Congress and Milk streets. One of the -most ancient buildings in Boston, when taken down in 1824, it having -escaped the great fire of 1759. It stood in a grass-plot, fenced in from -the street. It was a private dwelling until 1794. Then Jean Baptiste -Julien opened in it the first public eating-house to be established in -Boston, with the distinctive title of "Restorator,"--a crude attempt to -turn the French word _restaurant_ into English. Before this time such -places had always been called cook-shops. Julien was a Frenchman, who, -like many of his countrymen, took refuge in America during the Reign of -Terror. His soups soon became famous among the gourmands of the town, -while the novelty of his _cuisine_ attracted custom. He was familiarly -nicknamed the "Prince of Soups." At Julien's death, in 1805, his widow -succeeded him in the business, she carrying it on successfully for ten -years. The following lines were addressed to her successor, Frederick -Rouillard: - -JULIEN'S RESTORATOR. - - I knew by the glow that so rosily shone - Upon Frederick's cheeks, that he lived on good cheer; - And I said, "If there's steaks to be had in the town, - The man who loves venison should look for them here." - - 'Twas two; and the dinners were smoking around, - The cits hastened home at the savory smell, - And so still was the street that I heard not a sound - But the barkeeper ringing the _Coffee-House_ bell. - - "And here in the cosy _Old Club_,"[4] I exclaimed, - "With a steak that was tender, and Frederick's best wine, - While under my platter a spirit-blaze flamed, - How long could I sit, and how well could I dine! - - "By the side of my venison a tumbler of beer - Or a bottle of sherry how pleasant to see, - And to know that I dined on the best of the deer, - That never was _dearer_ to any than me!" - -=King's Head=, by Scarlet's Wharf (northwest corner Fleet and North -streets); burnt 1691, and rebuilt. Fleet Street was formerly Scarlet's -Wharf Lane. Kept by James Davenport, 1755, and probably, also, by his -widow. "A maiden _dwarf_, fifty-two years old," and only twenty-two inches -high, was "to be seen at Widow Bignall's," next door to the =King's Head=, -in August, 1771. The old _King's Head_, in Chancery Lane, London, was the -rendezvous of Titus Oates' party. Cowley the poet was born in it. - -=Lamb.= The sign is mentioned as early as 1746. Colonel Doty kept it in -1760. The first stage-coach to Providence put up at this house. The Adams -House is on the same site, named for Laban Adams, who had kept the _Lamb_. - -=Lion=, formerly =Grand Turk=. In Newbury, now Washington, Street. (See -_Landmarks of Boston_.) Kept by Israel Hatch in 1789. - -=Light-House and Anchor=, at the North End, in 1763. Robert Whatley then -kept it. A Light-house tavern is noted in King Street, opposite the -Town-House, 1718. - -=Orange Tree=, head of Hanover Street, 1708. Jonathan Wardwell kept it in -1712; Mrs. Wardwell in 1724; still a tavern in 1785. Wardwell set up here -the first hackney-coach stand in Boston. - -=Philadelphia=, or =North End Coffee-House=, opposite the head of -Hancock's Wharf. Kept by David Porter, father of the old Commodore and -grandfather of the present Admiral. "Lodges, clubs, societies, etc., may -be provided with dinners and suppers,--small and retired rooms for small -company,--oyster suppers in the nicest manner." Formerly kept by Bennet. -Occupied, 1789, by Robert Wyre, distiller. - -=Punch Bowl=, Dock Square, kept by Mrs. Baker, 1789. - -=Queen's Head.= In 1732 Joshua Pierce, innholder, is allowed to remove his -license from the sign of the =Logwood Tree=, in Lynn Street, to the -_Queen's Head_, near Scarlet's Wharf, where Anthony Young last dwelt. - -=Roebuck=, north side of Town Dock (North Market Street). A house of bad -repute, in which Henry Phillips killed Gaspard Dennegri, and was hanged -for it in 1817. Roebuck passage, the alley-way through to Ann Street, -took its name from the tavern. It is now included in the extension -northward of Merchants' Row. - -=Rose and Crown=, near the fortification at Boston Neck. To be let January -25, 1728: "enquire of Gillam Phillips." This may be the house represented -on Bonner's map of 1722. - -=Red Lion=, North Street, corner of Richmond. Noticed as early as 1654 and -as late as 1766. John Buchanan, baker, kept near it in 1712. - -=Royal Exchange=, State Street, corner Exchange. An antique two-story -brick building. Noticed under this name, 1711, then kept by Benjamin -Johns; in 1727, and also, in 1747, by Luke Vardy. Stone kept it in 1768. -Mrs. Mary Clapham boarded many British officers, and had several pretty -daughters, one of whom eloped with an officer. The site of the Boston -Massacre has been marked by a bronze tablet placed on the wall of the -Merchants' Bank, opposite a wheel-line arrangement of the paving, denoting -where the first blood of the Revolution was shed. It was the custom to -exhibit transparencies on every anniversary of the Massacre from the front -of this house. The first stage-coach ever run on the road from Boston to -New York was started September 7, 1772, by Nicholas Brown, from this -house, "to go once in every fourteen days." Israel Hatch kept it in 1800, -as a regular stopping-place for the Providence stages, of which he was -proprietor; but upon the completion of the turnpike he removed to -Attleborough. - -=Salutation=, North Street, corner Salutation. See p. 45. Noticed in 1708; -Samuel Green kept it in 1731; William Campbell, who died suddenly in a -fit, January 18, 1773. - -=Seven Stars=, in Summer Street, gave the name of Seven Star Lane to that -street. Said to have stood on part of the old Trinity Church lot. "Near -the Haymarket" 1771, then kept by Jonathan Patten. - -[Illustration: THE SUN TAVERN (Dock Square)] - -=Shakespeare=, Water Street, second house below Devonshire; kept by Mrs. -Baker. - -=Ship=, corner Clark and North streets; kept by John Vyall, 1666-67; -frequently called Noah's Ark. - -=Ship in Distress=, vicinity of North Square. - -=Star=, in Hanover Street, corner Link Alley, 1704. Link Alley was the -name given to that part of Union Street west of Hanover. Stephen North -kept it in 1712-14. It belonged to Lieutenant-Governor Stoughton. - -=State's Arms=, also =King's Arms=. Colonel Henry Shrimpton bequeathed it -to his daughter Sarah, 1666. Hugh Gunnison sold it to Shrimpton in 1651, -the tavern being then the =King's Arms=. - -=Sun.= This seems to have been a favorite emblem, as there were several -houses of the name. The _Sun_ in Batterymarch Street was the residence of -Benjamin Hallowell, a loyalist, before it became a tavern. The estate was -confiscated. General Henry Dearborn occupied it at one time. The sign bore -a gilded sun, with rays, with this inscription: - - "The best Ale and Porter - Under the Sun." - -Upon the conversion of the inn into a store the sign of the sun was -transferred to a house in _Moon_ Street. The =Sun= in Dock Square, corner -of Corn Court, was earlier, going back to 1724, kept by Samuel Mears, who -was "lately deceased" in 1727. It was finally turned into a grocery store, -kept first by George Murdock, and then by his successor, Wellington. A -third house of this name was in Cornhill (Washington Street), in 1755. -Captain James Day kept it. There was still another =Sun=, near Boston -Stone, kept by Joseph Jackson in 1785. - -=Swan=, in Fish, now North Street, "by Scarlett's Wharf," 1708. There was -another at the South End, "nearly opposite Arnold Welles'," in 1784. - -=Three Horse-Shoes=, "in the street leading up to the Common," probably -Tremont Street. Kept by Mrs. Glover, who died about 1744. William Clears -kept it in 1775. - -=White Horse=, a few rods south of the _Lamb_. It had a white horse -painted on the signboard. Kept by Joseph Morton, 1760, who was still -landlord in 1772. Israel Hatch, the ubiquitous, took it in 1787, on his -arrival from Attleborough. His announcement is unique. (See _Landmarks of -Boston_, pp. 392, 393.) - -[Illustration: - - Jolley Allen, - - Advertises all his good old Friends, - Customers and others, - - That he has again opened Shop, opposite to the - Three Doves in Marlborough-Street, Boston: - And has for Sale, at the lowest Prices, the fol- - lowing Articles; - - Muscovado Sugars of various Sorts - and Prices, single, middle and double refined - English Loaf Sugars, lately imported, Pepper, - Bohea Tea, Coffee, Spices of all Sorts, Indigo, - Raisins, Currants, Starch, Ginger, Copperas, - Allum, Pipes of all Sorts, best Durham Flour - of Mustard, and most other Kinds of Groceries - too many to enumerate, which he will sell from - the largest to the smallest Quantities.--Likewise - a very large and compleat Assortment of Liver- - pool and Staffordshire Ware, which he will - engage to sell by the Crate, or single Piece, as - low as any Store in Town.--Playing Cards, - Wool Cards, Seive Bottoms, a few Pieces of - Oznabrigs and Ticklenburgs, N{o}.4 and N{o}.12. - Pins, a few Pieces of Sooses, Damasks, Sterrets, - Loretto's, Burdetts, Brunswicks, Mozeens, - for Summer Waistcoats, &c. &c. &c. - - Also, at said Allen's may be had, genteel - Boarding and Lodging for six or eight Persons - if should be wanted, for a longer or shorter Season, - likewise good Stabling for ten Horses and Car- - riages. - - N. B. If any Person inclines to hire the above - Stable, and Place for Carriages, they may have - a Lease of the same for 19 Years or less Time - from the said Allen, and if wanted, on the same - Premises can be spared, Room for forty or fifty - Horses and Carriages: It is as good a Place for - Horse and Chaise Letting as any in Boston. - -BOSTON NEWS-LETTER, MAY 27, 1773] - - - - - COLE'S INN - - THE BAKERS' ARMS - - THE GOLDEN BALL TAVERN - - BY WALTER K. WATKINS - - AND - - THE HANCOCK TAVERN - - BY E. W. McGLENEN - - - - -VI. - -SAMUEL COLE'S INN. - - -Samuel Cole came to Boston in the fleet with Governor Winthrop, and he -with his wife Ann were the fortieth and forty-first on the list of -original members of the First Church. He requested to become a freeman -October 19, 1630, and was sworn May 18, 1631. He was the ninth to sign the -roll of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company in 1637 and in the -same year was disarmed for his religious views. In 1636 he contributed to -the maintenance of a free school and in 1656 to the building of the town -house. In 1652 he was one of those chosen to receive monies for Harvard -College. In 1634 he opened the first ordinary, or inn. It was situated on -Washington Street, nearly opposite the head of Water Street. Here, in -1636, Sir Henry Vane, the governor, entertained Miantonomo and two of -Canonicus's sons, with other chiefs. While the four sachems dined at the -Governor's house, which stood near the entrance to Pemberton Square, the -chiefs, some twenty in all, dined at _Cole's Inn_. At this time a treaty -of peace was concluded here between the English and the Narragansetts. - -In 1637, in the month of June, there sailed into Boston Harbor the ship -_Hector_, from London, with the Rev. John Davenport and two London -merchants, Theophilus Eaton and Edward Hopkins, his son-in-law, two future -governors of Connecticut. On the same vessel was a young man, a ward of -King Charles I., James, Lord Ley, a son of the Earl of Marlborough (who -had just died). He was also to hold high positions in the future and -attain fame as a mathematician and navigator. - -The Earl of Marlborough, while in Boston, was at _Cole's Inn_, and while -he was here was of sober carriage and observant of the country which he -came to view. He consorted frequently with Sir Henry Vane, visiting with -him Maverick, at Noddle's Island, and returning to England with Vane in -August, 1637. - -His estate in England was a small one in Teffont Evias, or Ewyas, Wilts, -near Hinton Station, and in the church there may still be seen the tombs -of the Leys. He also had a reversion to lands in Heywood, Wilts. - -In 1649 he compounded with Parliament for his lands and giving bond was -allowed to depart from England to the plantations in America. - -On the restoration of Charles II. in 1661, the Earl returned to England -and in the next year was assisted by the King to fit out an expedition to -the West Indies. In 1665 he commanded "that huge ship," the _Old James_, -and in the great victorious sea fight of June 3 with the Dutch was slain, -with Rear Admiral Sansum, Lords Portland, Muskerry, and others. - -He died without issue and the title went to his uncle, in whom the title -became extinct, to be revived later in the more celebrated Duke, of the -Churchill family. - -It was shortly after the Earl's departure that Cole was disarmed for his -sympathy for his neighbor on the south, Mrs. Ann Hutchinson, and he was -also fined at the same time for disorders at his house. In the following -spring he was given permission to sell his house, to which he had just -built an addition, and he disposed of it to Capt. Robert Sedgwick in -February, 1638. - -Cole then removed to a house erroneously noted by some as the first inn, -situated next his son-in-law, Edmund Grosse, near the shore on North -Street. This he sold in 1645 to George Halsall and bought other land of -Valentine Hill. - -[Illustration: THE BAKERS' ARMS] - - - - -VII. - -THE BAKERS' ARMS. - -PREDECESSOR OF THE GREEN DRAGON. - - -Thomas Hawkins, biscuit baker, and a brother of James Hawkins, bricklayer, -was born in England in 1608. He was a proprietor in Boston in 1636; his -wife Hannah was admitted to the church there in 1641, and that year his -son Abraham, born in 1637, was baptized. His home lot was on the west side -of Washington Street, the second north of Court Street. He also had one -quarter of an acre near the Mill Cove, and a house bought in 1645 from -John Trotman. - -In 1662 James Johnson, glover, sold three quarters of an acre of marsh and -upland, bounded on the north and east by the Mill Cove, to Hawkins. The -latter was living by the Mill Cove by this time in a house built in 1649, -and beside keeping his bake house he kept a cook shop, and also -entertained with refreshments his customers by serving beer. A mortgage of -the property, in 1663, to Simon Lynde discloses, besides the dwelling and -bake house, a stable, brew house, outhouses, and three garden plots on the -upland. In 1667 Hawkins was furnished L200 by the Rev. Thomas Thacher to -cancel this mortgage. The property extended from the Mill Pond to Hanover -Street, and was bounded north by Union Street, and was 280 feet by 104 -feet--about two thirds of an acre in area. - -Thacher had married Margaret, widow of Jacob Sheafe and daughter of Henry -Webb, a wealthy merchant. Mrs. Sheafe had a daughter, Mehitabel, who -married her cousin, Sampson Sheafe. Mr. Thacher assigned the mortgage to -Sampson Sheafe, and on 31 October, 1670, the time of payment having -expired, Sheafe obtained judgment for possession of the property, which -had become known as the "Bakers' Arms," which Hawkins had kept since 1665 -as a house of entertainment. - -Hawkins had married a second wife, and in January, 1671, Rebecca Hawkins -deeded her rights in the property to Sheafe. 15 May, 1672, Hawkins -petitioned the General Court, and complained that he had been turned out -of doors and his household property seized by Sheafe; that his houses and -land were worth L800, and that Sheafe had only advanced L175. He asked for -an appraisement, and the prayer of the petitioner was allowed. - -In 1673 Hawkins sued Sheafe in the County Court for selling some brewing -utensils, a pump, sign, ladder, cooler and mash fat (wooden vessel -containing eight bushels) taken from the brew house. He also objected to -items in Sheafe's account against him, such as "Goodman Drury's shingling -the house and Goodman Cooper whitening it." At this time we find two -dwelling houses on the lot. The easterly house Sheafe sold in May, 1673, -to John Howlet, and this became known as the Star Tavern. - -On 10 April, 1673, Sampson Sheafe sold to William Stoughton the west -portion of the Hawkins property. - -In 1678 Mrs. Hawkins petitioned the General Court in the matter, and also -the town to sell wine and strong water, on account of the weak condition -of her husband and his necessity. 11 June, 1680, the General Court allowed -her eleven pounds in clear of all claims and incumbrances. Hawkins having -died, she had married, 4 June, 1680, John Stebbins, a baker. Stebbins died -4 December, 1681, aged 70, and the widow Rebecca Stebbins was licensed as -an innkeeper in 1690. - -In 1699 the widow Stebbins, then 77 years old, testified as to her husband -Thomas Hawkins having the south-east corner or sea end of half a warehouse -at the Draw Bridge foot, which he purchased from Joshua Scotto and which -Hawkins sold in 1657 to Edward Tyng. That Hawkins had used it for the -landing and housing of corn for his trade as a baker. That he had bought -the sea end for the convenience of vessels to land. It is probable the -portion sold to Stoughton had but a frontage of two hundred and four feet -on Union Street. Sheafe had torn down part of the building and made -repairs, and had as tenant of the "Bakers' Arms" Nicholas Wilmot. Wilmot -came to Boston about 1650. In 1674 he was allowed by the town to sell beer -and give entertainment, and in 1682 he was licensed as an innholder. - -By his wife Mary he had Elizabeth, who married (1) Caleb Rawlins, an -innkeeper, who died in 1693, and (2) Richard Newland; Abigail, who married -Abraham Adams, an innkeeper; Hannah, who married Nathaniel Adams of -Charlestown, blockmaker; Mary, who married John Alger; and Ann, the -youngest, who married Joseph Allen. There were also two sons, Samuel and -John Wilmot. Nicholas Wilmot died in 1684, and his widow in a very short -time married Abraham Smith, to assist in carrying on the tavern. - -The tavern, even at this time, was of some size, and additions had perhaps -been built by Stoughton. The rooms were designated by names, as in the -taverns of Old England. In the chamber called the "Cross Keys" met the -Scots Charitable Society, a benefit society for the residents of Scottish -birth and sojourners from Scotland, two of the officers keeping each a key -of the money box. The most noted of the chambers was that of the "Green -Dragon," which at about this time gave the name of "Green Dragon" to the -tavern. There were also the "Anchor," the "Castle," the "Sun," and the -"Rose" chambers, which were also the names of other taverns in the town at -that period. One cold December night in 1690, just after midnight, a fire -occurred in the "Green Dragon," and it was burnt to the ground and very -little of its contents saved. Snow on the houses in the vicinity was the -means of preventing the spread of the flames, with the fact that there was -no wind at the time. Within a year or two the tavern was rebuilt by -Stoughton and again occupied by Abraham Smith, who died in 1696, leaving -an estate of L273: 19: 5. His widow, Mary Smith, died shortly after her -husband. In her will she freed her negro women Sue and Maria, and the -deeds of manumission are recorded in the Suffolk Deeds. - - - - -VIII. - -THE GOLDEN BALL TAVERN. - - -In the manuscript collections of the Bostonian Society is a plan showing -the earliest owners of the land bordering on the Corn Market. On the site -now the south corner of Faneuil Hall Square and Merchants' Row is noted -the possession of Edward Tyng. Another manuscript of the Society, equally -unique, is an apprentice indenture of Robert Orchard in 1662. In the -account of Orchard, printed in the _Publications of the Society_, Vol. IV, -is given the continued history of Tyng's land after it came into the -possession of Theodore Atkinson. In the history of the sign of the _Golden -Ball Tavern_ we continue the story of the same plot of land. - -Originally owned by Edward Tyng, and later by Theodore Atkinson, and then -by the purchase of the property by Henry Deering, who married the widow of -Atkinson's son Theodore. All this was told in the Orchard article. - -It was about 1700 that Henry Deering erected on his land on the north side -of a passage leading from Merchants' Row, on its west side, a building -which was soon occupied as a tavern. Samuel Tyley, who had kept the _Star_ -in 1699, the _Green Dragon_ in 1701, and later the _Salutation_ at the -North End, left this last tavern in 1711 to take Mr. Deering's house in -Merchants' Row, the _Golden Ball_. - -[Illustration: SIGN OF THE BUNCH OF GRAPES - -Now in the Masonic Temple] - -[Illustration: SIGN OF THE GOLDEN BALL - -Now in the possession of the Bostonian Society] - -Henry Deering died in 1717, and was buried with his wife on the same day. -He had been a man greatly interested in public affairs. In 1707 he had -proposed the erection of a building for the custody of the town's records; -at the same time he proposed a wharf at the foot of the street, now State -Street, then extending only as far as Merchants' Row. This was soon built -as "Boston Pier" or "Long Wharf." He also presented a memorial for the -"Preventing Disolation by Fire" in the town. - -In the division of Deering's estate in 1720 the dwelling house in the -occupation of Samuel Tyley, known by the name of the _Golden Ball_, with -privilege in the passage on the south and in the well, was given his -daughter Mary, the wife of William Wilson. Mrs. Wilson, in her will drawn -up in 1729, then a widow, devised the house to her namesake and niece, -Mary, daughter of her brother, Capt. Henry Deering. At the time of Mrs. -Wilson's death in 1753 her niece was the wife of John Gooch, whom she -married in 1736. Samuel Tyley died in 1722, while still the landlord of -the _Golden Ball_. - -The next landlord of whom we have knowledge was William Patten, who had -taken the _Green Dragon_ in 1714. In 1733 he was host at the _Golden -Ball_, where he stayed till 1736, when he took the inn on West Street, -opposite the schoolhouse, and next to the estate later known as the -_Washington Gardens_. - -He was succeeded by Humphrey Scarlett, who died January 4, 1739-40, aged -forty-six, and is buried on Copp's Hill with his first wife Mehitable -(Pierce) Scarlett. He married as a second wife Mary Wentworth. By the -first wife he had a daughter Mary (b. 1719), who married Jedediah Lincoln, -Jr., and by the second wife a son named Humphrey. When the son was a year -old, in 1735, two negro servants of Scarlett, by name Yaw and Caesar, were -indicted for attempting to poison the family one morning at breakfast, by -putting ratsbane or arsenic in the chocolate. Four months after Scarlett's -death his widow married William Ireland. - -Richard Gridley, born in Boston in 1710, was apprenticed to Theodore -Atkinson, merchant, and later became a gauger. In 1735 he kept a tavern on -Common Street, now Tremont Street. Here by order of the General Court he -entertained four Indians, chiefs of the Pigwacket tribe, at an expense of -L40 "for drinks, tobacco, victuals, and dressing." Five pounds of this was -for extra trouble. The Committee thought the charges extravagant and cut -him down to L33 for their entertainment from June 28 to July 9. In 1738 he -took the _Golden Ball_. His fame in later years, at Louisburg and -elsewhere, as an engineer and artillery officer is well known. - -Gridley was followed as landlord in 1740 by Increase Blake. He was born in -Dorchester in 1699 and married Anne, daughter of Edward and Susanna -(Harrison) Gray. Her parents are noted in Boston history for their -ownership of the rope-walks at Fort Hill. Blake, a tinplate worker, held -the office of sealer of weights and measures, and in 1737 leased a shop -of the town at the head of the Town Dock. He later lived near Battery -March, and was burned out in the fire of 1760. - -In 1715 there was born in Salem John Marston. He married in 1740 Hannah -Welland, and by her had three daughters. In 1745, at the first siege of -Louisburg, he was a first lieutenant in the fifth company, commanded by -Capt. Charles King, in Colonel Jeremiah Moulton's regiment. His wife -having died, he married her sister, Mrs. Elizabeth (Welland) Blake. His -second wife died, and he married in 1755 Elizabeth Greenwood. He was -landlord at the _Golden Ball_ as early as 1757. In 1760 he purchased a -house on the southwest corner of Hanover and Cross streets, and later -other property on Copp's Hill. He is said to have been a member of the -"Boston Tea Party." During the Revolution he was known as "Captain" -Marston, and attended to military matters in Boston, supplying muskets to -the townspeople as a committeeman of the town. He continued to keep a -house of entertainment and went to the _Bunch of Grapes_ in 1775. There he -was cautioned in 1778 for allowing gaming in his house, such as playing -backgammon. He died in August, 1786, while keeping the _Bunch of Grapes_ -on King, now State Street, and there he was succeeded by his widow in -retailing liquors. He left an estate valued at L2000. - -Benjamin Loring, born in Hingham in 1736, married Sarah Smith in Boston in -1771. During the Revolution he kept the _Golden Ball_. He died in the -spring of 1782, and his widow succeeded him and kept the tavern till her -death in 1790. - -From the inventory of her estate it appears that the house consisted, on -the ground floor, of a large front room and small front room, the bar and -kitchen, and closets in the entry. A front and a back chamber, front upper -chamber, and another upper chamber and garret completed the list of rooms. -On the shelves of the bar rested large and small china bowls for punch, -decanters for wine, tumblers, wine glasses, and case bottles. There also -was found a small sieve and lemon squeezer, with a Bible, Psalm, and -Prayer Books. On the wall of the front chamber hung an old Highland sword. - -The cash on hand at the widow's death consisted of 4 English shillings, 20 -New England shillings, 10 English sixpences, a French crown, a piece of -Spanish money, half a guinea, and bank notes to the value of L4: 10. In -one of the chambers was 8483 Continental paper money, of no appraised -value. - -Benjamin Loring, at his death, left his share of one half a house in -Hingham to be improved for his wife during her life, then to his sisters, -Abigail and Elizabeth, and ultimately to go to Benjamin, the son of his -brother Joseph Loring of Hingham. The younger Benjamin became a citizen of -Boston, a captain of the "Ancients," and a colonel in the militia. He -started in business as a bookbinder and later was a stationer and a -manufacturer of blank books, leaving quite a fortune at his death in 1859. -His portrait is displayed in the Armory of the Artillery Company. A -portrait of the elder Loring (the landlord of the _Golden Ball_) shows -him with a comely face and wearing a tie-wig. - -The Columbian _Centinel_ of December 3, 1794, had the following -advertisement: - - For sale, if applied for immediately, The Noted Tavern in the Street - leading from the Market to State street known by the name of the - Golden Ball. It has been improved as a tavern for a number of years, - and is an excellent stand for a store. Inquire of Ebenezer Storer, in - Sudbury Street. - -Mr. Storer acted as the agent of Mary, wife of the Rev. Benjamin Gerrish -Gray, of Windsor, N. S., who was the heiress of Mary Gooch, who resided at -Marshfield, Mass., at the time of her death. Mr. Gray was a son of Joseph -Gray of Boston and Halifax, N. S., a loyalist. Mary, the heiress, was a -daughter of Nathaniel Ray Thomas, a loyalist of Marshfield, who had -married Sally Deering, a sister of Mary Gooch of Marshfield. - -The property was sold by Mrs. Gray, June 9, 1795, to James Tisdale, a -merchant, who bought also adjoining lots. It was at this time that the -_Golden Ball_ disappeared from Merchants' Row, where it had hung as a -landmark for about a century. Tisdale soon sold his lots to Joseph Blake, -a merchant, who erected warehouses on the site. - -There was still an attraction in the _Golden Ball_, however, and in 1799 -we find it swinging in Wing's Lane, now Elm Street, for Nathan Winship. He -was the son of Jonathan, and born in Cambridge. In 1790 he was living in -Roxbury. He died in 1818, leaving a daughter Lucy. He had parted with the -_Golden Ball_ long before his death. - -In 1805 there was erected in South Boston a building by one Garrett -Murphy. It stood on Fourth Street, between Dorchester Avenue and A Street, -and here he displayed the _Golden Ball_ for five years, as his hotel sign. -Just a century ago, in 1810, for want of patronage, it became a private -residence. About 1840 the hotel was reopened as the South Boston Hotel. - -From South Boston the _Golden Ball_ rolled back to Elm Street, and in 1811 -hung at the entrance of Joseph Bradley's Tavern. From this _Golden Ball_ -started the stages for Quebec on Mondays at four in the morning. They -arrived at Concord, N. H., at seven in the evening. Leaving there at four -Tuesday morning, they reached Hanover, N. H., at two in the afternoon, and -continuing on arrived at Haverhill, N. H., near Woodsville, at nine -Wednesday evening. - -The next appearance of the _Golden Ball_ was on Congress Street, where at -No. 13 was the new tavern of Thomas Murphy in 1816. - -Henry Cabot, born 1812, was a painter, and first began business at 2 -Scollay's Building in 1833. He removed to Blackstone Street in 1835, where -he was located at various numbers till 1858, when he went to North Street. -He resided in Chelsea from 1846 till his death in 1875. The occupation of -this owner of the _Golden Ball_ was that of an ornamental sign and -standard painter. His choice of a sign was not according to the traditions -of his trade, and did not conform with the painters' arms of the London -Guild Company, which were placed on the building in Hanover Street by an -earlier member of that craft. It was no worse choice, however, than a -sign which some of us may recall as swinging on Washington Street, near -Dock Square, fifty years ago, "The Sign of the Dying Warrior, N. M. -Phillips, Sign Painter." - -The _Golden Ball_ was the sign anciently hung out in London by the silk -mercers, and was used by them to the end of the eighteenth century. Mr. -Cabot's choice of a location to start his business life was more -appropriate than his sign, as in the block of shops, owned by the town, -connecting on the west side of the Scollay's Building, had been the paint -shop of Samuel, brother of Christopher Gore. - - -COFFEE URN USED IN THE GREEN DRAGON. - -This interesting relic was given to the Bostonian Society during 1915. It -is a coffee urn of Sheffield ware, formerly in the _Green Dragon Tavern_, -which stood on Union Street from 1697 to 1832, and was a famous meeting -place of the Patriots of the Revolution. It is globular in form and rests -on a base, and inside is still to be seen the cylindrical piece of iron -which, when heated, kept the delectable liquid contents of the urn hot -until imbibed by the frequenters of the tavern. The _Green Dragon Tavern_ -site, now occupied by a business structure, is owned by the St. Andrew's -Lodge of Free Masons of Boston, and at a recent gathering of the Lodge on -St. Andrew's Day the urn was exhibited to the assembled brethren. - -When the contents of the tavern were sold, the urn was bought by Mrs. -Elizabeth Harrington, who then kept a famous boarding house on Pearl -Street, in a building owned by the Quincy family. In 1847 the house was -razed and replaced by the Quincy Block, and Mrs. Harrington removed to -High Street and from there to Chauncey Place. Some of the prominent men of -Boston boarded with her for many years. At her death the urn was given to -her daughter, Mrs. John R. Bradford, and it has now been presented to the -Society by Miss Phebe C. Bradford of Boston, granddaughter of Mrs. -Elizabeth Harrington. - -[Illustration: MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF COLE'S INN, WITH WHICH HANCOCK -TAVERN HAS BEEN CONFOUNDED - -Dotted lines indicate the present Williams Court (Pie Alley)] - - - - -IX. - -THE HANCOCK TAVERN. - - -"As an old landmark the _Hancock Tavern_ is a failure. There was not an -old window in the house; the nails were Bridgewater nails, the timbers -were mill-sawed, and the front of it was of face brick, which were not -made even in 1800. At the time of the Revolution it was merely a four-room -dwelling house of twelve windows, and the first license ever given to it -as an inn was in 1790. The building recently demolished was erected during -the years 1807 to 1812." - -With the above words, Edward W. McGlenen, city registrar, effectually -settled the question June 3, 1903, at a meeting of the New England -Historic Genealogical Society, as to the widely credited report that it -was in the _Hancock Tavern_, which for many years stood on Corn Court, the -members of the Boston Tea Party met, disguised themselves as Indians, and -from there journeyed to Griffin's Wharf, where they threw overboard the -obnoxious tea. - -It was a special meeting of the society called to hear the report of a -special committee appointed "to consider the question of the circumstances -attending the formation and execution of the plans for what is known as -the Boston Tea Party." This committee was made up of men who for years -had been students of that very subject, and the result of their researches -is interesting and conclusive. William C. Bates was chairman, and his -associates were Edward W. McGlenen, the Rev. Anson Titus, William T. -Eustis, and Herbert G. Briggs. The members of the society were present in -large numbers, and Marshall P. Wilder Hall was well filled. - -William C. Bates, as chairman of the special committee, spoke of the -endeavors of himself and colleagues to avoid ground covered by historians. -He said that places of rendezvous for the "Mohawks" are to some extent -known, for over half a dozen of the members have left to their descendants -the story of where they met and costumed themselves. The four Bradlees met -at their sister's house, corner of Hollis and Tremont streets; Joseph -Brewer and others at the foot of Summer Street; John Crane in a carpenter -shop on Tremont Street opposite Hollis; Joseph Shedd and a small party in -his house on Milk Street, where the Equitable Building now stands; and -James Swan in his boarding house on Hanover Street. In the testimony of -the descendants, down to 1850 at least, there was no mention of the -_Hancock Tavern_. The place of origin of the Tea Party and who first -proposed it are matters of considerable discussion. Many of the party were -members of St. Andrew's Lodge of Masons, which owned the _Green Dragon -Inn_, and the lodge records state that the meeting held on the night of -the Tea Party had to be adjourned for lack of attendance, "public matters -being of greater importance." - -[Illustration: SHEFFIELD PLATE URN - -Used in the Green Dragon Tavern, now in possession of the Bostonian -Society] - -It is not surprising that so much secrecy has been maintained, because of -the danger of lawsuits by the East Indian Company and others. The members -of the St. Andrew's Lodge were all young, many under twenty, the majority -under thirty. - -Mr. McGlenen's report as to his investigations was especially interesting, -settling, as it did, three distinct questions which had been undecided for -many years--the location of the inn of Samuel Cole, the location of his -residence, and the much mooted point as to whether the "Mohawks" met at -the _Hancock Tavern_ for the preparatory steps toward the Boston Tea -Party. - -All three questions were based on a statement printed in the souvenir of -the _Hancock Tavern_, reading as follows: - - On the south side of Faneuil Hall is a passageway through which one - may pass into Merchants' row. It is Corn court, a name known to few of - the present day, but in the days gone by as familiar as the Corn - market, with which it was connected. In the center of this court - stands the oldest tavern in New England. It was opened March 4, 1634, - by Samuel Cole. It was surrounded by spacious grounds, which commanded - a view of the harbor and its shipping, for at that time the tide - covered the spot where Faneuil Hall now stands. It was a popular - resort from the beginning, and was frequented by many foreigners of - note. - -The seeming authority for these statements and others, connecting it with -pre-revolutionary events, said Mr. McGlenen, appears in _Rambles in Old -Boston_ by the Rev. E. G. Porter, pages 67 and 68, evidently based on a -newspaper article written by William Brazier Duggan, M.D., in the Quincy -Patriot for August 28, 1852, and to a novel entitled _The Brigantine_ by -one Ingraham, referring to legendary lore. None of these statements can be -confirmed. The confusion has been caused by the statement made many years -ago and reprinted as a note in the _Book of Possessions_, Vol. II, _Boston -Town Records_, that somewhere near the water front Samuel Cole kept an -inn; but Letchford's _Note Book_, the _Town Records_, and the _Suffolk -Deeds_ prove to the contrary. - -Samuel Cole's Inn was kept by him from 1634 to 1638, when he sold out by -order of the Colony Court. He purchased a residence near the town dock -seven years later. It adjoined the _Hancock Tavern_ lot, and was bounded -on the west by the lot originally in the ownership of Isaac Gross, whose -son Clement kept the _Three Mariners_, an ale house which stood west of -Pierse's Alley (Change Avenue) and east of the _Sun Tavern_. - -It is impossible to connect the _Hancock Tavern_ with any -pre-Revolutionary event. It was a small house, as described in the _Direct -Tax_ of 1798, of two stories, of two rooms each, built of wood, with -twelve windows, value $1200. It was first licensed in 1790, and the -earliest reference found in print is in the advertisement for the sale of -lemons by John Duggan, in the _Columbian Centinel_ in 1794. - -As to Cole's Inn, from the records of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Court, -it appears that Samuel Cole kept the first inn or ordinary within the town -of Boston. In 1638 the court gave him liberty to sell his house for an -inn. This he did, disposing of it to Robert Sedgwick of Charlestown, as -shown in Letchford's _Note Book_. The town records show that in 1638 -Edward Hutchinson, Samuel Cole, Robert Turner, Richard Hutchinson, William -Parker, and Richard Brackett were ordered to make a cartway near Mr. -Hutchinson's house, which definitely locates Samuel Cole on the old -highway leading to Roxbury, _i.e._ Washington Street (_Town Records_, Vol. -II, Rec. Com. Report, p. 38). - -The _Book of Possessions_ shows in the same report that Valentine Hill had -one house and garden bounded with the street on the east, meeting house -and Richard Truesdale on the north, Capt. Robert Sedgwick on the south, -and the prison yard west. - -Major Robert Sedgwick's house and garden bounded with Thomas Clarke, -Robert Turner and the street on the east, Mr. Hutchinson on the south, -Valentine Hill on the north, and Henry Messinger west. - -Valentine Hill granted, March 20, 1645, to William Davies, his house and -garden bounded on the south with the ordinary now in the possession of -James Pen (_Suffolk Deeds_, Vol. I, p. 60). This presumably is _Cole's -Inn_, then in the possession of Robert Sedgwick, and occupied by James -Pen. - -The question of Cole's residence was easily settled by Mr. McGlenen, when -he read from deeds showing that in 1645 Valentine Hill sold to Samuel Cole -a lot of land near the town dock. Samuel Cole died in 1666, and in his -will left his house and lot to his daughter Elizabeth and son John. This -property is on the corner of Change Avenue and Faneuil Hall Square, and -is now occupied by W. W. Rawson as a seed store. - -The _Hancock Tavern_ is a distinct piece of property. Mr. McGlenen read -from deeds which proved that the land was first owned by John Kenerick of -Boston, yeoman, and was first sold to Robert Brecke of Dorchester, -merchant, on January 8, 1652. It was again sold to Thomas Watkins of -Boston, tobacco maker, in 1653; by him in 1679 to James Green of Boston, -cooper; by him to Samuel Green of Boston, cooper, in 1712; and by him -willed to his sons and daughter in 1750. - -The eastern portion of the original lot (that situated east of the one on -which the _Hancock Tavern_, just demolished, was located) was sold by -Samuel Green's heirs to Thomas Handasyd Peck in 1759. The _Hancock Tavern_ -lot itself was then sold to Thomas Bromfield, merchant, in February, 1760. -The deed says: "A certain dwelling house, with the land whereon the same -doth stand." Bromfield in 1763 sold it to Joseph Jackson of Boston, who -owned it at the time of the Revolution, and disposed of it on August 19, -1779, to Morris Keith, a Boston trader. Morris Keith, or Keefe, died in -April, 1783, aged 62, leaving a widow and two children, Thomas and Mary. -The son died in 1784, the widow in 1785, leaving the daughter Mary to -inherit the property. The inventory describes Morris Keefe as a lemon -dealer, and the house and land in Corn Court as worth L260. - -Mary Keefe married John Duggan, May 24, 1789, and in 1790 John Duggan was -granted a license to retail liquor at his house in Corn Court. This is -the earliest record of a license being granted to the _Hancock Tavern_, -so called. Mary Duggan deeded the property to her husband in January, -1795, a few weeks before her death. In 1796 John Duggan married Mary -Hopkins. He died April 21, 1802, leaving three children--Michael, born -1797; William, born 1799, and John Adams, born 1802. Mary (Hopkins) Duggan -then married William Brazier in 1803. He died ten years later. - -The record commissioners' reports, No. 22, page 290, show the following -inventory for 1798: - - John Duggan, owner and occupier; wooden dwelling; west - on Corn Court; south on Moses Gill; north on James - Tisdale. Land 1024 square feet; house 448 square feet; - 2 stories, 12 windows; value $1200 - -Duggan's advertisement in the _Columbian Centinel_ of October 11, 1794, -reads: - - Latest imported lemons--In excellent order, for sale, by John Duggan, - at his house, at the sign of Gov. Hancock outside the market. - -His address in the Boston Directory for 1796 is: "John Duggan, lemon -dealer, Corn court, S. side market." - -In 1795, Duggan, who is described as an innholder, and his wife deeded -this property to Daniel English, who, on the same day, deeded it back to -John, in order that he might have a clear title. - -"From these investigations," said Mr. McGlenen, "I think it is clear that -as an old landmark the _Hancock Tavern_ is a failure." - -The Rev. Anson Titus then made his report of personal investigations -relating to the Tea Party itself. He said that the only sure thing is -this--that something happened in Boston on the evening of December 16, -1773. Beyond this to make statements is dangerous. Details of the affair -were not subject of public conversation, because of the danger of -prosecution and legal action. It was at the very edge of treason to the -King. It is certain that there were a great crowd of visitors in Boston -that night from the country towns who had been informed of what to expect -and had come for a purpose. Secrecy was the word and obedience was the -command. - -Mr. Titus quoted from the Boston papers of that time and from Gov. -Hutchinson's letters, but declared that it was impossible to learn of the -names of the actual members of the party. He said that the "Mohawks were -men familiar with the vessels and the wharves. It is generally recognized -that they were Masons." - -"In conclusion, as we began," he said, "in 1908, as in 1822, very little -is known concerning the real participants of the Boston Tea Party. The -lifelong silence on the part of those knowing most of the party is most -commendable and patriotic. It was a hazardous undertaking, even treason, -and long after American independence was gained, if proof which would have -had the least weight in court had been found, there would have been claims -for damages by the East India Company or the Crown against our young -republic, which would have been obliged to meet them. The affair was a -turning point in the history of American liberty, and glad ought we all to -be that there is no evidence existing connecting scarcely an individual, -the town of Boston, or the province with the Boston Tea Party." - -[Illustration: The Town of Boston before 1645 - -Showing the Streets Mentioned in the Book of Possessions - -Outline traced from Bonner's Map 1722 Details token from the records Annie -Haven Thwing (C) 1914] - - - - -LIST OF TAVERNS AND TAVERN OWNERS. - - -This list is taken from Miss Thwing's work on the _Inhabitants and Estates -of the Town of Boston, 1630-1800_, in possession of the Massachusetts -Historical Society. There also may be found the authority for each -statement and further details. It does not include many inns mentioned in -advertisements in the papers of the eighteenth century, nor the names of -many licensed innkeepers whose hostelry had no sign. - -The Colony records state that in 1682 persons annually licensed in Boston -to keep taverns and sell beer shall not exceed six wine taverns, ten -innholders, and eight retailers for wine and strong liquors out of doors. -In 1684, as this was not enough for the accommodation of the inhabitants, -the county court licensed five or six more public houses. In 1687 all -licenses for public houses to be granted only to those persons of good -repute, and have convenient houses and at least two beds to entertain -strangers and travellers. In Boston the approbation of the Treasurer must -be secured. The regulations of inns are given in detail in the records. - -=Admiral Vernon=, see _Vernon's Head_. - -=American Coffee-House=, see _British Coffee-House_. - -=Anchor=, also called =Blue Anchor=, east side of Washington Street, -between State and Water streets (site of the Globe Building). In the _Book -of Possessions_ Richard Fairbanks (innkeeper) had house and garden here. -In 1646 he was licensed to keep a house of entertainment, and in 1652 sold -his estate to Robert Turner, who was licensed in 1659, and his widow -Penelope in 1666. His son John Turner inherited, and was licensed in 1667. -In 1680 George Monk on his marriage with Lucy, widow of Turner, succeeded. -Monk married a second wife, Elizabeth Woodmancy, who succeeded him in -1691, and kept the inn until 1703, when she sold the estate to James -Pitts. In 1708 a neighboring estate bounded on the house "formerly the -Anchor Tavern." From James Pitts the owners were Benjamin Bagnal, in -1724-25; William Speakman, 1745; 1746 Alice Quick, who bequeathed to her -nephew Thomas Knight in 1761; and Mary Knight was the owner in 1798. - -=Bair=, Washington Street, between Dock Square and Milk Street. In 1722 -Elizabeth Davis was licensed at the Bair in Cornhill. As she was the owner -of the Bear at the Dock this may have been a mistake. - -=Bear=, see _Three Mariners_. - -=Baker's Arms=, in 1673 the house of John Gill was on the southwest corner -of Hanover and Union streets, "near the Baker's Arms." This was possibly -then the name of the Star Tavern or the Green Dragon. - -=Baulston.= William Baulston had a grant of land in 1636-37 on the west -side of Washington Street, between Dock Square and Court Street. In June, -1637, he was licensed to keep a house of entertainment. In 1638 he sold to -Thomas Cornewell, who was licensed to keep an inn in room of William -Baulston. In 1639-40 the property was bought by Edward Tyng. - -=Bite=, see _Three Mariners_. - -=Black Horse=, Prince Street. It is commonly asserted that the early name -of Prince Street came from a tavern of that name, but thus far no such -tavern has been found on the records. Black Horse Lane was first mentioned -in 1684. - -=Black and White Horse=, locality not stated. In 1767 Robert Sylvester was -licensed. - -=Blue Anchor=, Washington Street, see _Anchor_. - -=Blue Anchor=, in 1760, "land where the Blue Anchor was before the fire -near Oliver's Dock." - -=Blue Anchor=, locality not stated. In 1767 a man lodged at the Blue -Anchor. - -=Blue Bell=, west side of Union Street, between Hanover and North streets. -In 1663 John Button conveys to Edmund Jacklin his house, known as the Blue -Bell. - -=Blue Bell=, southwest corner of Battery March and Water streets. The land -on which this tavern stood was originally a marsh which the town let to -Capt. James Johnson in 1656, he to pay an annual amount to the school of -Boston. Part of this land was conveyed by Johnson to Thomas Hull. This -deed is not recorded, but in 1674 in the deed of Richard Woodde to John -Dafforne the west bounds were in part on land now of Deacon Allen and Hugh -Drury, formerly of Thomas Hull, the house called the Blew Bell. In 1673 -the house was let to Nathaniel Bishop. In the inventory of the estate of -Hugh Drury in 1689 his part is described as one half of that house Mr. -Wheeler lives in and cooper's shop. In the partition of his estate in 1692 -there was set off to his grandson Thomas Drury one half of house and land -commonly called the Castle Tavern, the said house and land being in -partnership with Henry Allen. In the division of Allen's estate in 1703, -the house and land is set off to his widow Judith. In 1707 Judith Allen -and Thomas Drury make a division, the west half being assigned to Judith -Allen and the east half to Drury. Judith Allen died in 1722, and in 1723 -her son Henry conveyed to Robert Williams the westerly part of the estate, -consisting of dwelling house, land, and cooper's shop. Williams deeds to -his son Robert Williams, and the estate was in the family many years. - -=Brazen Head=, east side of Washington Street, between State and Water -streets. Jan. 2, 1757, a soldier was taken with the smallpox at widow -Jackson's at the Brazen Head. March 20, 1760, the great fire broke out -here. Mrs. Jackson was not a property owner, but leased the premises. - -=Brewers' Arms=, east side of Washington Street, between Bedford and Essex -streets. In 1696 Sarah, widow of Samuel Walker, mortgages the house called -the Brewers' Arms in tenure of Daniel Elton (innholder). - -=British Coffee-House=, north side of State Street, between Change Avenue -and Merchants' Row. In the _Book of Possessions_ James Oliver was the -owner of this estate. Elisha Cooke recovers judgment against Oliver, and -sells to Nicholas Moorcock in 1699. Moorcock conveys to Charles Burnham in -1717, whose heirs convey to Jonathan Badger in 1773. Badger deeds to -Hannah Cordis in 1775 "The British Coffee-House." In 1780 the heirs of -Badger confirm to Joseph Cordis "The American Coffee-House," and Cordis -sells to the Massachusetts Bank in 1792. Cord Cordis was the innkeeper in -1771 and John Bryant was licensed in 1790. In 1798 this was a brick -building, three stories, twenty-six windows, value $12,000. - -=Bromfield House=, Bromfield Street, see _Indian Queen_. - -[Illustration: BROMFIELD HOUSE ON THE SITE OF THE "INDIAN QUEEN" - -36-38 Bromfield Street] - -=Bull=, foot of Summer Street. In the _Book of Possessions_ Nicholas -Baxter had house and garden here. In 1668 he conveyed this to John Bull -and wife Mary, the daughter of his wife Margaret. Baxter died in 1692, -and in his will recites this deed and divides his personal property -between his daughter Mary, wife of John Swett, and John and Mary Bull. In -1694 and 1704 Mary Swett attempted to regain the estate, but Bull gained -his case each time. John Bull died in 1723, and in 1724 his son Jonathan -buys the shares of other heirs. Jonathan died while on a visit to England -in 1727 or 1728, and his will, probated in 1728-29, gives one third of his -estate to his wife, and two thirds to his children, Elizabeth, John, and -Samuel. Both sons died before coming of age, and Elizabeth inherited their -shares. She married Rev. Roger Price, and they went to England. She died -in 1780, and in 1783 her eldest son and daughter returned to Boston to -recover the property which Barret Dyer, who had married Elizabeth, widow -of John Bull, had attempted to regain. John Bull was licensed as innkeeper -from 1689 to 1713, when his widow Mary succeeded. In 1757 Mr. Bean was the -landlord, and in 1766 the house was let to Benjamin Bigelow. In 1798 -William Price was the owner and Bethia Page the occupier. A wooden house -of two stories, thirty-one windows, value $2000. The site is now covered -by the South Station. - -=Bunch of Grapes=, southeast corner of State and Kilby streets. The early -possession of William Davis, who sold to William Ingram in 1658. Ingram -conveyed "The Bunch of Grapes" to John Holbrook in 1680; Adm. of Holbrook -to Thomas Waite in 1731; Waite to Simon Eliot in 1760; Eliot to Leonard -Jarvis in 1769; Jarvis to Joseph Rotch, Jr., in 1772; Francis Rotch to -Elisha Doane, 1773; his heirs to Isaiah Doane, 1786. In 1798 it was a -brick store. June 7, 1709, Francis Holmes was the keeper and was to billet -five soldiers at his house of public entertainment. In 1750 kept by -Weatherhead, being noted, said Goelet, as the best punch house in Boston. -In 1757 one captain and one private soldier to be billeted at -Weatherhead's. 1764 to 1772 Joseph Ingersol licensed. In 1790 Dudley -Colman licensed. In 1790 James Bowdoin bequeathes house called "The Bunch -of Grapes" to his wife. This was on the west corner of Kilby and State -streets. - -=Castle=, west corner of Dock Square and Elm Street. In the _Book of -Possessions_ William Hudson, Jr., had house and garden here. May 20, 1654, -a street leading from the Castle Tavern is mentioned (Elm Street). Hudson -sold off parts of his estate and in 1674 he conveyed to John Wing house, -buildings, etc., commonly called Castle Tavern. In 1677 Wing mortgages to -William Brown of Salem "all his new built dwelling house, being part of -that building formerly known as the Castle Tavern." The estate was -forfeited, and in 1694 Brown conveys to Benjamin Pemberton mansion -heretofore called the Castle Tavern, since the George Tavern, subject to -Wing's right of redemption. In his will of 1701-02 John Wing devises to -his son John Wing the housing and land lying near the head of the town -dock which he purchased of Capt. William Hudson, together with the brick -messuage, formerly known by the name of the George Tavern, which has an -encumbrance of 1000 pounds, due William Browne, now in possession of -Benjamin Pemberton. In 1708 Wing releases the estate to Pemberton. In 1710 -the heirs of Pemberton convey to Jonathan Waldo, and the succeeding owners -were: Thomas Flucker, 1760; in the same year it passes to Isaac Winslow -and Moses Gill; Gill to Caleb Loring, 1768; Nathaniel Frazier, 1771; David -Sears, 1787; William Burgess, 1790; Nathaniel Frazier, 1792; John and -Jonathan Amory, 1793. In 1798 Colonel Brewer was the occupier. A brick -house, two stories, twelve windows, value $4000. - -=Castle=, Battery March and Water streets, see _Blue Bell_. - -[Illustration: FIREMAN'S TICKET NOTIFYING OF MEETING AT COLEMAN'S (Bunch -of Grapes)] - -=Castle=, northeast corner of North and Fleet streets. The early -possession of Thomas Savage, John Crabtree acquires, and in 1654 conveys -to Bartholomew Barnard. Barnard sells to Edward Cock in 1672-73; Cock to -Margaret Thatcher, who conveys to William Colman in 1679. Colman to -William Everden in 1694-95, who mortgages to Francis Holmes. Holmes -conveys to John Wentworth in 1708. In 1717 John Wentworth conveys to -Thomas Lee house known as the "Castle Tavern, occupied by Sarah Hunt." In -1768 Thomas Love and wife Deborah (Lee) deed to Andrew Newell, the "Castle -Tavern," and the same year Newell to Joseph Lee. In 1785 Joseph Lee -conveys to Joseph Austin the "King's Head Tavern." In 1798 owned and -occupied by Austin. House of three and two stories, twenty-five windows, -value $3000. - -=Castle=, locality not stated. In 1721 Adrian, widow of John Cunningham, -was licensed at the Castle, and in 1722 Mary English. - -=Cole=, Samuel Cole's inn, west side of Washington Street, corner of -Williams Court, site of Thompson's Spa. In 1633-34 Samuel Cole set up the -first house of common entertainment. In 1635 he was licensed to keep an -ordinary, and in 1637-38 had leave to sell his house for an inn to Robert -Sedgwick. In 1646 James Penn was licensed here. Lt. William Phillips -acquired the property, and in 1656-57 mortgages "The Ship Tavern." He -conveys it to Capt. Thomas Savage in 1660. The later owners were Ephraim -Savage, 1677-78; Zachariah Trescott, 1712; Nicholas Bouve, 1715; John -Comrin, 1742; Jonathan Mason, 1742; James Lloyd, 1763, in whose family it -remained many years. - -=Concert Hall=, south corner of Hanover and Court streets. In the _Book of -Possessions_ Jeremiah Houchin had house and garden here. His widow sold to -Thomas Snawsell in 1670, and Snawsell to John Russell in 1671; Eleazar -Russell to John Gardner and Priscilla Hunt in 1689-90; the heirs of -Gardner to Gilbert and Lewis Deblois in 1749; Deblois to Stephen Deblois -in 1754, and he to William Turner in 1769; Turner conveyed to John and -Jonathan Amory in 1789. In 1798 John Amory was the owner and James Villa -the occupier. A brick house, three stories, thirty windows, value $3000. -Villa had been a tenant, and was licensed as an innkeeper for some years. -Before it became a tavern the hall was used for various purposes--for -meetings, musical concerts, and by the Grand Masons. - -=Cromwell's Head= or =Sign of Oliver Cromwell=, north side of School -Street. In the _Book of Possessions_ Richard Hutchinson was the owner of -land here. Abraham Brown acquired before 1658; Sarah (Brown) Rogers -inherits in 1689-90, and in 1692 Gamaliel Rogers conveyed to Duncan -McFarland; Mary (McFarland) Perkins inherits, and John Perkins deeds to -Joseph Maylem in 1714; John Maylem inherits in 1733, and the next owner is -Elizabeth (Maylem) Bracket, wife of Anthony Bracket. In 1764 Elizabeth -Bracket was licensed at her house in School Street, and Joshua Bracket was -licensed in 1768. In 1796 Abigail Bracket conveyed to John Warren, who was -the owner in 1798, and Henry Vose the occupier. A wooden house, three -stories, thirty windows, value $6000. - -=Crown Coffee-House=, north side of State Street, the first house on Long -wharf (site of the Fidelity Trust Co. building). Jonathan Belcher was a -proprietor of Long Wharf, which was extended from State Street in 1710. In -1749 his son Andrew Belcher conveyed to Richard Smith "The Crown -Coffee-House," Smith to Robert Shellcock in 1751, and the administrator of -Shellcock to Benjamin Brown in 1788. In 1798 stores covered the site. In -1714 Thomas Selby was licensed as an innholder at the Crown -Coffee-House, and he died here in 1727. In 1729 William Burgess was -licensed, and in 1730 and 1733 Edward Lutwych; 1762 Rebecca Coffin; 1766 -Richard Bradford; and in 1772 Rebecca Coffin. - -[Illustration] - -=Dolphin=, east side of North Street, at the foot of Richmond Street. -Nicholas Upshall was the owner of the land in 1644. He deeds to his -son-in-law William Greenough in 1660. Henry Gibbs and wife Mercy -(Greenough) inherit in 1694-95. In 1726-27 Henry Gibbs conveys to Noah -Champney "The Dolphin Tavern." John Lowell and wife Sarah (Champney) -inherit, and deed to Neil McIntire in 1753, McIntire to Neil McIntire of -Portsmouth in 1784, and he to William Welsh in 1785, Welsh to Prince Snow -in 1798. In 1798 it was a wooden house of two stories and eleven windows, -value $600. The Dolphin Tavern is mentioned by Sewall in 1718. In 1726-27 -Mercy Gibbs was licensed; in 1736 Alice Norwood, and 1740 James Stevens. - -=Dove, Sign of the=, northeast corner of Boylston and Tremont streets. In -the _Book of Possessions_ Thomas Snow was the owner, and in 1667 he -mortgages his old house to which the Sign of the Dove is fastened. William -Wright and wife Milcha (Snow) inherit and in 1683 convey to Samuel -Shrimpton, the heirs of Shrimpton to Adam Colson in 1781, Colson to -William Cunningham in 1787, Cunningham to Francis Amory in 1793, Amory to -Joseph Head in 1795. - -=Drum, Sign of the=, locality not stated. In 1761 and 1776 mentioned in -the _Town Records_. - -=Exchange=, northwest corner of State and Exchange streets. In 1646 -Anthony Stoddard and John Leverett deed to Henry Shrimpton house and land. -His son Samuel inherits in 1666, and in 1697-98 Samuel Shrimpton, Jr., -inherits "the Exchange Tavern." He mortgages to Nicholas Roberts in 1703, -and the administrators of Roberts convey to Robert Stone in 1754 "the -Royal Exchange Tavern." In 1784 Daniel Parker and wife Sally (Stone) -convey to Benjamin Hitchbone. In 1798 Israel Hatch was the occupier. A -brick house, four stories, thirty windows, value $12,000. In 1690-91 the -Exchange Tavern is mentioned by Judge Sewall. In 1714 Rowland Dike -petitioned for a license. In 1764 Seth Blodgett was licensed, 1770 Mr. -Stone, 1772 Daniel Jones, 1776 Benjamin Loring, 1788 John Bowers, 1798 -Israel Hatch. - -=Exchange Coffee-House=, southeast corner of State and Devonshire streets. -In the _Book of Possessions_ the land was owned by Robert Scott. The house -was built in 1804 and burnt in 1818; rebuilt in 1822 and closed as a -tavern in 1854. - -=Flower de Luce=, west side of North Street, between Union and Cross -streets. In 1675 Elizabeth, widow of Edmund Jackson, mortgages her house, -known by the name of Flower de Luce, in tenure of Christopher Crow. - -=George=, west side of Washington Street, near the Roxbury line. The land -was a grant of the town to James Penn in 1644. In 1652 he deeds, as a -gift, five acres to Margery, widow of Jacob Eliot, for the use of her -children. In 1701 Eliezer Holyoke and wife Mary (Eliot) convey to Stephen -Minot. In 1701-02 Minot petitions for a license to keep an inn or tavern -at his house, nigh Roxbury gate. This is disapproved. In 1707 the George -Tavern is mentioned. In 1708-09 Samuel Meeres petitions to sell strong -drink as an innholder at the house of Stephen Minot, in the room of John -Gibbs, who is about to quit his license, and in 1722-23 he was still an -innholder there. In 1726 Simon Rogers was licensed. In 1733 Stephen Minot, -Jr., inherits the George Tavern, now in occupation of Simon Rogers. In -1734-35 occupied by Andrew Haliburton. In 1768 Gideon Gardner was -licensed. Stephen Minot, Jr., conveys to Samuel and William Brown in -1738; William Brown to Aaron Willard in 1792. In 1770 Thomas Bracket was -approved as a taverner in the house on the Neck called the King's Arms, -formerly the George Tavern, lately kept by Mrs. Bowdine. Aug. 1, 1775, the -George Tavern was burnt by the Regulars, writes Timothy Newell in his -diary. - -[Illustration: THE EXCHANGE COFFEE HOUSE, 1803-1818 (Congress Square)] - -=George=, corner Dock Square and Elm Street, see _Castle_. - -=Globe=, northeast corner of Commercial and Hanover streets. In the _Book -of Possessions_ the estate of William Douglass. Eliphalet Hett and wife -Ann (Douglass) inherit; Nathaniel Parkman and wife Hannah (Hett) inherit. -In 1702 Hannah Parkman conveys to Edward Budd; Budd to James Barnard in -1708. Barnard to John Greenough in 1711. In the division of the Greenough -estate this was set off to William and Newman Greenough. Greenough to -Joseph Oliver in 1779. Oliver to Henry H. Williams in 1788. In 1741 and -1787 the Globe Tavern is mentioned in the _Town Records_. - -=Goat=, locality not stated; in 1737 mentioned in the inventory of Elisha -Cooke. - -=Golden Ball=, northwest corner of Merchants' Row and Corn Court. Edward -Tyng was the first owner of the land, Theodore Atkinson acquired before -1662, and conveys to Henry Deering in 1690. In 1731 part of Deering's -estate was the house known as the "Golden Ball," now occupied by Samuel -Tyley. Mary (Deering) Wilson inherits and bequeathes to her niece Mary -(Deering), wife of John Gooch. In 1795 Benjamin Gerrish Gray and wife Mary -(Gooch) convey to James Tisdale house known by the name of the Golden Ball -Tavern. In 1798 stores covered the site. In 1711 Samuel Tyley petitions -for renewal of his license upon his removal from the Salutation to Mr. -Deering's house in Merchants' Row. In 1757 it was kept by John Marston. - -=Grand Turk, Sign of=, Washington Street, between Winter and Boylston. In -1789 Israel Hatch (innholder). - -=Green Dragon=, west side of Union Street, north of Hanover. In the _Book -of Possessions_ James Johnson owned three fourths of an acre on the mill -pond. The next estate that separated him from Hanover Street was owned by -John Davis. In 1646 Johnson deeds to Thomas Marshall, and Marshall to -Thomas Hawkins. In 1645 John Davis deeds to John Trotman, whose wife -Katherine on the same day conveys to Thomas Hawkins. In 1671 Hawkins -mortgages to Samson Sheafe, and January, 1671-02, the property is -delivered to Sheafe. In 1672-03 Sheafe deeds part to John Howlett (see -_Star Tavern_), bounded northwest by William Stoughton. No deed is -recorded to Stoughton. Stoughton died in 1701, and this estate fell to his -granddaughter Mehitable, wife of Capt. Thomas Cooper. She later married -Peter Sargent and Simeon Stoddard. In 1743 her son Rev. William Cooper -conveys the brick dwelling called the Green Dragon Tavern to Dr. William -Douglass. On the division of the estate of Douglass this fell to his -sister Catherine Kerr, who in 1765 deeds to St. Andrews Lodge of Free -Masons. In 1798 it is described as a brick dwelling, three stories, -thirty-nine windows, with stable, value $3000. In 1714 William Patten, -late of Charlestown, petitions to sell strong drink as an innholder at the -Green Dragon in the room of Richard Pullen, who hath quitted his license -there. - -=Gutteridge Coffee-House=, north side of State Street, between Washington -and Exchange streets. Robert Gutteridge was a tenant of Hezekiah Usher in -1688, and was licensed in 1691. In 1718 Mary Gutteridge petitions for the -renewal of her late husband's license to keep a public coffee-house. - -[Illustration: EXCHANGE COFFEE-HOUSE, 1848 - -From State Street, looking south down Congress Square] - -=Half Moon=, southwest side of Portland Street. Henry Pease was the owner -of the land in the _Book of Possessions_. He conveys to Thomas Matson in -1648, and Joshua Matson to Edward Cricke in 1685. In 1705 his widow -Deborah Cricke conveys to Thomas Gwin house commonly called "The Half -Moon." In 1713 Gwin sells to William Clarke. The children of Sarah -(Clarke) Kilby inherit and deed to John Bradford in 1760. His heirs were -owners in 1798. A brick house, two stories, thirty-nine windows, value -$4000. - -=Hancock=, Corn Court. This property was acquired by John Kendric, who -sells to Robert Breck in 1652-53. Later owners, Thomas Watkins 1653, James -Green 1659, Samuel Green 1712, Thomas Bromfield 1760, Joseph Jackson 1763. -Jackson deeds to Morris Keefe in 1779, whose daughter Mary, wife of John -Duggan, inherits in 1795. In 1798 it was a wooden house, two stories, -twelve windows, value $1200. - -=Hatch=, east side Tremont Street, between West and Boylston streets. The -land was a grant of the town to Richard Bellingham in 1665. Martin Sanders -acquires and deeds to AEneas Salter, and Salter to Sampson Sheaf in 1677. -Jacob Sheaf to Abiah Holbrook in 1753. Adm. of Rebecca Holbrook to Israel -Hatch in 1794. 1796 Israel Hatch (innkeeper). - -=Hawk=, Summer Street. In 1740 mentioned in the _Town Records_. - -=Horse Shoe=, east side of Tremont Street, between School and Bromfield -streets. In the _Book of Possessions_ this was part of the land of -Zaccheus Bosworth. His daughter Elizabeth and her husband John Morse -convey to John Evered, _alias_ Webb, in 1660; Webb to William Pollard in -1663. John Pollard deeds to Jonathan Pollard in 1722 the "Horse Shoe -Tavern." In 1782 the heirs of Pollard convey to George Hamblin, who -occupied it in 1798. A wooden house, two stories, eleven windows, value -$1500. In 1738 Alex Cochran was licensed here. - -=Indian Queen=, later =Bromfield House=, south side of Bromfield Street. -The possession of William Aspinwall, who deeds the land to John Angier in -1652, and in the same year it passes to Sampson Shore and Theodore -Atkinson; Atkinson to Edward Rawson in 1653-54; Rawson to Robert Noaxe, -1672; Noaxe to Joseph Whitney, 1675; Whitney to Edward Bromfield, 1684; -Edward Bromfield, Jr., to Benjamin Kent, 1748; Ex. of Kent to Henry -Newman, 1760; Newman to John Ballard, 1782. In 1798 it was occupied by -Abel Wheelock, Trask, and Brown. A brick and wooden house, two stories, -thirty-four windows, value $4500, with a stable. - -=Julien Restorator=, northwest corner of Milk and Congress streets. In the -_Book of Possessions_ John Spoor had a house and one acre here, which he -mortgaged to Nicholas Willis in 1648. In 1648-49 Henry Bridgham sold a -house on Washington Street to John Spoore, so it may be possible that they -exchanged lots. In 1655 Bridgham was the owner. He died in 1681, and his -widow in 1672. In 1680 his estate was divided among his three sons. John, -the eldest, settled in Ipswich, inherited the new house, and that included -the west portion. In 1719 he deeds his share to his nephew Joseph -Bridgham, who in 1734-35 conveys to Francis Borland, then measuring 106 -ft. on Milk Street. Borland also bought a strip of James Dalton in 1763, -which addition reached the whole length of the lot, which has been -abridged by the laying out of Dalton's Lane (Congress Street). Francis -Borland died in 1763, and left the Milk Street estate to his son Francis -Lindall Borland, who was absent and feared to be dead. Jane Borland -married John Still Winthrop, and in 1765 the estate was divided among -the Winthrop children. These heirs conveyed the Congress Street corner -to Thomas Clement in 1787, and in 1794 he sold it to Jean Baptiste Gilbert -Payplat dis Julien (restorator). Julien died in 1806, and his heirs -conveyed it in 1823 to the Commercial Co. The house was taken down in -1824. In 1798 it was a wooden dwelling, three stories, eighteen windows, -value $6000. - -[Illustration: VIEW OF TREMONT STREET, SHOWING THE "HATCH TAVERN" IN FRONT -OF THE "HAYMARKET THEATRE" - -From an original painting by Robertson, now in the Boston Public Library] - -=King's Arms=, west side of Washington Street, between Brattle and Court -streets. Nearly all of the original lot was taken for the extension of -Washington Street, and the exact location obliterated. It was one of the -estates at the head of the Dock. In the _Book of Possessions_, owned by -Hugh Gunnison, who in 1646 was licensed to keep a house of entertainment. -Oct. 28, 1650, he mortgages the estate called the King's Arms, and in 1651 -conveys it to John Samson, Henry Shrimpton, and William Brenton (see -_Suff. Deeds_, Lib. 1, fol. 135, where there is an interesting and -complete inventory). Henry Shrimpton gets possession of the whole, and in -his will, 1666, bequeathes to his daughter Sarah Shrimpton "the house -formerly called the States Arms." In 1668-69 Eliakim Hutchinson, on his -marriage with Sarah Shrimpton, puts the estate in trust for his wife, -"heretofore called the King's Arms." He also enlarged the estate by buying -adjoining land of the William Tyng and Thomas Brattle estates. By the will -of Eliakim Hutchinson in 1718, and that of his wife in 1720, the whole -estate went to their son William Hutchinson, who in 1721 devised to his -son Eliakim Hutchinson. Eliakim still further enlarged the estate. He was -a Loyalist, and his estate was confiscated. In 1782 the government -conveyed part of it to Thomas Green and the remainder to John Lucas and -Edward Tuckerman. - -=King's Arms=, west side of North Street, between Sun Court and Fleet -Street. The lot of Thomas Clarke in the _Book of Possessions_, which he -sold to Launcelot Baker in 1648, and Baker to George Halsey in 1648, the -trustees of Halsey to Evan Thomas in 1656, "The King's Arms." In 1680 his -widow Alice Thomas mortgages the house formerly known as King's Arms, and -she sells it in 1698 to Joseph Bill. - -=King's Arms=, on the Neck, see _George_. - -=King's Head=, northeast corner of North and Fleet streets, see _Castle_. - -=Lamb= and =White Lamb=, west side of Washington Street, between West and -Boylston streets, on the site of the Adams House, the original lot of -Richard Brocket, which he deeds to Jacob Leger in 1638; and Ann Leger, -widow, to John Blake in 1664; Blake to Edward Durant in 1694; Durant to -Jonathan Waldo the southern part in 1713-14; Jonathan Waldo, Jr., to -Samuel Cookson in 1780; Cookson to Joel Crosby in 1795. In 1798 Joel -Crosby was the owner and occupier of the Lamb Tavern. A wooden building of -two stories, twenty-four windows, value $4200. In 1738 it was mentioned in -the _Town Records_, and in 1782 Augustus Moor was licensed there. - -=Lighthouse=, 1766, mentioned in the _Town Records_. It was not far from -the Old North Meeting House. - -=Lion, Sign of=, Washington Street, between Winter and Boylston streets. -1796 Henry Vose (innholder). - -=Logwood Tree, Sign of=, south side of Commercial Street, between Hanover -and North streets. The lot of John Seabury in the _Book of Possessions_, -which he deeds to Alex Adams in 1645, Adams to Nathaniel Fryer in 1653-54, -and Fryer to John Scarlet in 1671. Scarlet to Joseph Parminter in 1671-72. -In 1734-35 Hannah Emmes, sister of Parminter, conveys to John Read the -house known as the "Sign of the Logwood Tree"; Read to Thomas Bently in -1744, and Bently to Joshua Bently 1756. In 1798 it was occupied by -Captain Caswell. A wooden house, two stories, fourteen windows, value -$1000. In 1732 mentioned in the _Town Records_. See also _Queen's Head_. - -[Illustration: THE LAMB TAVERN (The Adams House Site)] - -=Marlborough Arms= and =Marlborough Head=, south side of State Street, -east of Kilby Street. In 1640 William Hudson was allowed to keep an -ordinary. His son conveys this in 1648 to Francis Smith, and Smith to John -Holland. Judith Holland conveys to Thomas Peck in 1656; Thomas Peck, Jr., -to James Gibson, 1711. In 1722 Mary Gibson deeds to her children "house -named Marlborough next the Grapes." James Gibson to Roger Passmore, 1741; -Passmore to Simon Eliot, 1759; Eliot to Leonard, 1760; Jarvis to Benjamin -Parker, 1766; John Erving acquires and deeds to William Stackpole, 1784. -In 1798 it had been converted into a brick store. Elisha Odling was -licensed in 1720, Sarah Wormal in 1721, and Elizabeth Smith 1722. - -=Mitre=, east side of North Street, at the head of Hancock Wharf (Lewis -Wharf), between Sun Court and Fleet Street. The lot of Samuel Cole in the -_Book of Possessions_, which he conveys to George Halsey in 1645; Halsey -to Nathaniel Patten, 1654; Patten to Robert Cox, 1681; Cox to John Kind, -1683-84; Jane Kind to Thomas Clarke (pewterer), 1705-06; Clarke to John -Jeffries, 1730. His nephew David Jeffries inherits in 1778, from whom it -went to Joseph Eckley and wife Sarah (Jeffries). In 1782 heirs of John -Jeffries owned house "formerly the Mitre Tavern." In 1798 the house had -been taken down. - -=Noah's Ark=, southwest corner North and Clarke streets. The early -possession of Capt. Thomas Hawkins. He was lost at sea, and his widow -married (2) John Fenn and (3) Henry Shrimpton. In 1657 William Phillips -conveys to Mary Fenn the house called Noah's Ark, the property of her -first husband Thomas Hawkins, and which her son-in-law John Aylett had -mortgaged to William Hudson, by whom it was sold to William Phillips. In -1657 Mary Fenn conveys to George Mountjoy, and in 1663 Mountjoy to John -Vial. In 1695 Vial deeds to Thomas Hutchinson. In 1713 the house was known -as Ship Tavern, heretofore Noah's Ark, in part above and in part below the -street called Ship Street. - -=North Coffee-House=, North Street. Dec. 12, 1702, Edward Morrell was -licensed. - -=North End Coffee-House=, northwest side of North Street, between Sun -Court and Fleet Street. The land of Capt. Thomas Clarke in the _Book of -Possessions_. Elisha Hutchinson and wife Elizabeth (Clarke) inherit. -Edward Hutchinson conveys to Thomas Savage in 1758. John Savage inherits, -and deeds to Joseph Tahon in 1781, Tahon to Robert Wier in 1786, Wier to -John May in 1795 the "North End Coffee-House." In 1782 Capt. David Porter -was licensed to keep a tavern at the North End Coffee-House. In 1798 John -May was owner and occupier. A brick house, three stories, forty-five -windows, value $4500. - -=Orange Tree=, northeast corner of Hanover and Court streets. Land first -granted to Edmund Jackson, Thomas Leader acquires before 1651, and his -heirs deed to Bozoon Allen in 1678. Allen conveys in 1700 to Francis Cook -"the Orange Tree Inn." Benjamin Morse and wife Frances (Cook) inherit. -John Tyng and wife Mary (Morse), daughter of Benjamin, inherit. John -Marshall and other heirs of Tyng owners in 1785 and 1798, when it was -unoccupied. A wooden house, three stories, fifty-three windows, value -$4000. In 1712 Jonathan Wardell, who had married Frances (Cook), widow of -Benjamin Morse, was licensed, and from 1724 to 1746 Mrs. Wardell was -licensed. - -=Peacock=, west side of North Street, between Board Alley and Cross -Street, on the original estate of Sampson Shore, who conveyed to Edwin -Goodwin in 1648, and he to Nathaniel Adams. In 1707-08 Joseph and other -children of Nathaniel Adams deed to Thomas Harris house and land near the -Turkey or Peacock. In 1705 Elihu Warden owns a shop over against the -Peacock Tavern. Sept. 26, 1709, Thomas Lee petitions to keep a victualling -house at a hired house which formerly was the Sign of the Turkie Cock. - -=Peggy Moore's Boarding House=, southwest corner of Washington and -Boylston streets. On the original estate of Jacob Eliot. His daughter -Hannah Frary inherits, Abigail (Frary) Arnold inherits, and then Hannah -(Arnold), wife of Samuel Welles. In 1798 Samuel Welles owner, and he with -Mrs. Brown and Peggy Moore occupiers. A wooden house, two stories, and -seventy-one windows, value $10,000. - -=Pine Tree=, Dock Square. In 1785 Capt. Benjamin Gorham was licensed on -Dock Square, at the house known by the name of the Pine Tree Tavern. -Gorham bought a house in 1782 of John Steel Tyler and wife Mary (Whitman), -situated on northwest side of North Street, between Cross Street and Scott -Alley, which he sold in 1786 to John Hinckley. - -=Punch Bowl, Sign of the=, Dock Square. 1789 Mrs. Baker (innholder). - -=Queen's Head=, Fleet Street. April 19, 1728, Anthony Young petitions to -remove his license from the Salutation in Ship Street to the Sign of the -Swan in Fleet Street, and set up the Sign of the Queen's Head there. Nov. -28, 1732, Joseph Pearse petitions to remove his license from the house -where he lives, the Sign of the Logwood Tree in Lynn Street, to the house -near Scarlett's Wharf at the Sign of the Queen's Head, where Anthony Young -last dwelt. - -=Red Cross=, southwest corner of North and Cross streets. In 1746 John -Osborn (innholder) bought land of Tolman Farr, to whom it had descended -from Barnabas Fawer, who bought it of Valentine Hill in 1646. The -children of Osborn sold it in 1756 to Ichabod Jones, whose son John Coffin -Jones inherited. - -=Red Lyon=, northeast corner of North and Richmond streets. Nicholas -Upshall was the owner in 1644. Nov. 9, 1654, Francis Brown's house was -near the Red Lyon. Joseph Cock and wife Susannah (Upshall) inherit half in -1666, Edward Proctor and wife Elizabeth (Cock) inherit in 1693-94 half of -the Red Lyon Inn, John Proctor deeds to Edward Proctor in 1770, Proctor to -Charles Ryan in 1790, Ryan to Thomas Kast in 1791, Kast to Reuben Carver -in 1794. In 1798 William T. Clapp was occupier. A brick and wooden -dwelling, three and two stories, twenty-four windows, value $2500. In 1763 -mentioned in the _Town Records_. - -=Red Lyon=, Washington Street, see _Lion_. 1798 James Clark (innholder). - -=Rising Sun=, Washington Street, between School and Winter streets. 1800 -Luther Emes (innholder). - -=Roebuck=, east side of Merchants' Row (Swing Bridge Lane) a grant of land -to Leonard Buttles in 1648-49. He sold to Richard Staines in 1655, whose -widow Joyce Hall deeds to Thomas Winsor in 1691; Winsor mortgages to Giles -Dyer in 1706, who deeds the same year to Thomas Loring; Loring to John -Barber in 1712; Barber to John Pim in 1715. Samuel Wright and wife Mary -(Pim) inherit. Jane Moncrief acquires, and conveys to William Welch in -1793, Welch to William Wittington in 1794. In 1798 William Wittington, -Jr., was the occupier. House of brick and wood, three stories, nineteen -windows, value $2500. In 1776 Elizabeth Wittington was licensed as an -innholder at the Roebuck, Dock Square. In 1790 William Wittington at the -Sign of the Roebuck was next to John Sheppard. - -=Roebuck=, Battery March. July 29, 1702, house of Widow Salter at the -Sign of the Roebuck, nigh the South Battery. - -=Rose and Crown=, southwest corner of State and Devonshire streets. Thomas -Matson was an early owner of the land. He deeds to Henry Webb in 1638, -Webb to Henry Phillips in 1656-57. His widow Mary deeds to her son Samuel -"the Rose and Crown" in 1705-06, Gillum Phillips to Peter Faneuil in 1738, -George Bethune and wife Mary (Faneuil) to Abiel Smith in 1787. In 1798 a -brick house, three stories, forty-four windows, value $9000. Dec. 29, -1697, a lane leading from the Rose and Crown Tavern (Devonshire Street). - -=Royal Exchange=, State Street, see _Exchange_. - -=Salutation=, northeast corner of North and Salutation streets. James -Smith acquired the land at an early date. He deeds to Christopher Lawson, -and Lawson to William Winburne in 1664; Winburne to John Brookins in 1662 -"the Salutation Inn." Elizabeth, widow of Brookins, married (2) Edward -Grove, who died in 1686, and (3) William Green. In 1692 William Green and -wife Elizabeth convey to William Phipps house called the Salutation. -Spencer Phipps inherits in 1695, Phipps to John Langdon in 1705, the heirs -of Langdon to Thomas Bradford in 1766, Bradford to Jacob Rhodes in 1784, -house formerly "the Two Palaverers." In 1798 it was occupied by George -Singleton and Charles Shelton. A wooden house, two stories, thirty-five -windows, value $2500. In 1686 Edward Grove was licensed, Samuel Tyley in -1711, Elisha Odling 1712, John Langdon, Jr., 1714. In 1715 he lets to -Elisha Odling, Arthur Young 1722, Samuel Green 1731, Edward Drinker 1736. -In 1757 called Two Palaverers. William Campbell licensed 1764, Francis -Wright 1767, Thomas Bradford 1782, Jacob Rhodes 1784. - -=Schooner in Distress= and =Sign of the Schooner=, North Street, between -Cross and Richmond streets. 1761 mentioned in the _Town Records_. - -=Seven Stars=, northwest corner of Summer and Hawley streets. The -possession of John Palmer. His widow Audrey deeds to Henry Rust in 1652; -Rust to his son Nathaniel, 1684-85; Nathaniel to Robert Earle, 1685; Earle -to Thomas Banister, 1698, house being known by the name of Seven Stars; -Samuel Banister to Samuel Tilly, 1720; Tilly to William Speakman, 1727; -Speakman to Leonard Vassal, 1728; Vassal to John Barnes and others for -Trinity Church. - -=Ship=, North Street, see _Noah's Ark_. - -=Ship=, Washington Street, see _Cole's Inn_. - -=Ship, Sign of=, west side of North Street, between Sun Court and Fleet -Street. The original possession of Thomas Joy, who sold to Henry Fane, and -Fane to Richard Way in 1659-60, Thomas Kellond 1777, Robert Bronsdon -1678-79, William Clarke 1707-08, Joseph Glidden 1728, and his heirs to -John Ballard 1781. In 1789 John Ballard was innkeeper here. The Executor -of Ballard conveys to John Page, and Page to George R. Cushing of Hingham -in 1797. In 1798 it was a wooden building, three stories, twenty-nine -windows, value $1850, and occupied by Ebenezer Knowlton, Ziba French, and -John Daniels. - -=Shippen's Crane=, Dock Square. 1739 John Ballard licensed as retailer. - -=Star=, northwest corner of Hanover and Union streets. The lot of John -Davis in the _Book of Possessions_. He deeds to John Trotman in 1645, -whose wife Katherine deeds on the same day to Thomas Hawkins. In 1671 -Hawkins mortgages to Sampson Sheafe, and in 1671-72 the property is -delivered to Sheafe. 1672-73 Sheafe conveys to John Howlet, and in 1676 -Susannah, wife of Howlet, deeds to Andrew Neale. 1709-10 the heirs of -Neale deed to John Borland house by the name of "the Star," now occupied -by Stephen North and Charles Salter. John Borland inherits 1727. Jonathan -Simpson and wife Jane (Borland) convey to William Frobisher in 1787. In -1798 it was a wooden house, two stories, twenty-eight windows, value -$3000. Frobisher and Thomas Dillaway were the occupiers. 1699 the fore -street leading to Star Inn mentioned. 1700 house near the Star Ale House. -In 1722 John Thing was licensed. 1737 house formerly the Star Tavern in -Union Street. - -=State's Arms=, Washington Street. See _King's Arms_. - -=Sun=, Faneuil Hall Square. In the _Book of Possessions_ Edward Bendall -had house and garden here. He mortgaged to Symon Lynde, who took -possession in 1653. His son Samuel Lynde inherits in 1687, and his heirs -make a division in 1736. Joseph Gooch and others convey to Joseph Jackson -in 1769 the Sun Tavern. Jackson's widow Mary inherits in 1796 and occupied -the house with others in 1798, when it was a brick house, three stories, -twenty-two windows, value $8000. 1694-95 street running to the dock by the -Sun Tavern. 1699-1700 now occupied by James Meeres. 1709 owned by Samuel -Lynde, now in possession of Thomas Phillips. 1757 Capt. James Day was -licensed. - -=Sun=, west side of Washington Street, between Brattle and Court streets. -In 1782 Gillum Taylor deeds his estate to John Hinckley bounded south by -the land in possession of Benjamin Edes, late the Sun Tavern. - -=Swan=, west side of Commercial Street, near the Ferry. In 1651 Thomas -Rucke mortgages his house called The Swan, which he bought of Christopher -Lawson in 1648, and he of Thomas Buttolph, who was the original owner. - -=Swan, Sign of the=, see _Queen's Head_. In 1708 Fish Street (North -Street) extends to the Sign of the Swan by Scarlett's Wharf. - -=Swann=, locality not stated. 1777 mentioned in _Town Records_. - -=Three Crowns=, North Street, between Cross and Richmond streets. 1718 -Thomas Coppin licensed. 1735 mentioned in the _Town Records_. - -=Three Horse Shoes=, west side of Washington Street, between School and -Bromfield streets. The original possession of William Aspinwall, who deeds -land to John Angier in 1652. The heirs of Edmund Rangier to William Turner -in 1697. Turner to George Sirce in 1713. William Gatcomb and wife Mary -(Sirce) inherit. In 1744 Philip Gatcomb mortgages house known by the Sign -of the Three Horse Shoes; William Gatcomb to Gilbert Deblois, Jr., in -1784; Lewis Deblois to Christopher Gore, 1789; Gore to James Cutler and -Jonathan Amory, 1793; Cutler to Jonathan Amory, Jr., 1797. - -=Three Mariners=, south side of Faneuil Hall Square. The original -possession of Isaac Grosse. Thomas Grosse conveys to Joseph Pemberton in -1679, and Joseph to Benjamin Pemberton in 1701-02 "the Three Mariners." In -1701-02 occupied by Edward Bedford. In 1712 the executor of Benjamin -Pemberton deeds to Benjamin Davis the house known by the name of the -"Three Mariners." In 1723 the house of Elizabeth, widow of Benjamin Davis, -known as "Bear Tavern," conveyed to Henry Whitten, Whitten to John Hammock -in 1734-35, Ebenezer Miller and wife Elizabeth (Hammock) to William Boyce -in 1772, Boyce to William Stackpole in 1795 the house known as the "Bear -Tavern." In 1798 it was a wooden house, three stories, fourteen windows, -value $5000, and occupied by Peter Richardson. In the nineteenth century -it was known as the "Bite." - -=Three Mariners=, at the lower end of State Street. 1719 Thomas Finch -licensed. - -[Illustration: THE SUN TAVERN (Dock Square) ABOUT 1900] - -=Turkie Cock=, see _Peacock_. - -=Two Palaverers=, see _Salutation_. - -=Union Flag=, Battery March. 1731 William Hallowell's house, known by the -name of Union Flag. Possibly not a tavern. - -=Vernon's Head= and =Admiral Vernon=, northeast corner of State Street and -Merchants' Row. The early possession of Edward Tyng, who sold to James -Everill 1651-52, and he to John Evered _alias_ Webb in 1657. Webb conveyed -to William Alford in 1664. Peter Butler and wife Mary (Alford) inherit, -and deed to James Gooch in 1720. In 1760 John Gooch conveys to Tuthill -Hubbard the "Vernon's Head." In 1798 it was a brick store. In 1745 Richard -Smith was licensed, Thomas Hubbard 1764. In 1766 William Taunt, who has -been at the Admiral Vernon several years, prays for a recommendation for -keeping a tavern at the large house lately occupied by Potter and Gregory -near by. Sarah Bean licensed 1774, Nicholas Lobdell 1776 and 1786, John -Bryant 1790. - -=White Bear, Sign of=, location not stated. 1757 mentioned in the _Town -Records_. - -=White Horse=, west side of Washington Street, between West and Boylston -streets. Land owned by Elder William Colburne in the _Book of -Possessions_. Moses Paine and wife Elizabeth (Colburne) inherit. Thomas -Powell and wife Margaret (Paine) inherit. In 1700 Powell conveys to Thomas -Brattle the inn known as the White Horse. William Brattle mortgages to -John Marshall in 1732, and Marshall deeds to Jonathan Dwight in 1740. -William Bowdoin recovers judgment from Dwight and conveys to Joseph Morton -in 1765; Morton to Perez Morton, 1791. In 1798 it was occupied by Aaron -Emmes. A wooden house, two stories, twenty-six windows, value $9000. In -1717 Thomas Chamberlain was licensed, William Cleeres in 1718, Mrs. -Moulton 1764, Israel Hatch 1787, Joseph Morton 1789, Aaron Emmes 1798. - -=White Horse, Sign of the=, Cambridge Street, near Charles River Bridge. -1789 Moses Bradley (innkeeper). - -[Illustration: The TOWN of BOSTON in _New England_ by Cap{t} John Bonner -1722] - - - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] Cordis's bill for a dinner given by Governor Hancock to the Fusileers -at this house in 1792 is a veritable curiosity in its way:-- - - L s. p. - 136 Bowls of Punch 15 6 - 80 Dinners 8 - 21 Bottles of Sherry 4 14 6 - Brandy 2 6 - -[2] A punch-bowl on which is engraved the names of seventeen members of -the old Whig Club is, or was, in the possession of R. C. Mackay of Boston. -Besides those already mentioned, Dr. Church, Dr. Young, Richard Derby of -Salem, Benjamin Kent, Nathaniel Barber, William Mackay, and Colonel -Timothy Bigelow of Worcester were also influential members. The Club -corresponded with Wilkes, Saville, Barre, and Sawbridge,--all leading -Whigs, and all opponents of the coercive measures directed against the -Americans. - -[3] Liberty Tree grew where Liberty Tree Block now stands, corner of Essex -and Washington Streets. - -[4] The name of a room at Julien's. - - - - -Transcriber's Notes: - -Passages in italics are indicated by _italics_. - -Passages in bold are indicated by =bold=. - -Superscripted characters are indicated by {superscript}. - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Old Boston Taverns and Tavern Clubs, by -Samuel Adams Drake and Walter K. 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