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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42999 ***
+
+OLD BOSTON TAVERNS AND TAVERN CLUBS
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: CAPTAIN JOHN MARSTON, 1715-1786
+
+Landlord of the "Golden Ball" and "Bunch of Grapes"]
+
+
+
+
+  OLD BOSTON TAVERNS AND TAVERN CLUBS
+
+
+  BY SAMUEL ADAMS DRAKE
+
+
+  NEW ILLUSTRATED EDITION
+
+  WITH AN ACCOUNT OF
+  "COLE'S INN," "THE BAKERS' ARMS," AND "GOLDEN BALL"
+
+  BY WALTER K. WATKINS
+
+
+  ALSO A LIST OF TAVERNS, GIVING THE NAMES OF THE
+  VARIOUS OWNERS OF THE PROPERTY, FROM MISS THWING'S
+  WORK ON "THE INHABITANTS AND ESTATES OF THE TOWN
+  OF BOSTON, 1630-1800," IN THE POSSESSION OF THE
+  MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY
+
+
+  W. A. BUTTERFIELD
+  59 BROMFIELD STREET, BOSTON
+  1917
+
+
+
+
+  COPYRIGHT, 1917, BY
+  W. A. BUTTERFIELD.
+
+
+
+
+FOREWORD.
+
+
+The Inns of Old Boston have played such a part in its history that an
+illustrated edition of Drake may not be out of place at this late date.
+"Cole's Inn" has been definitely located, and the "Hancock Tavern"
+question also settled.
+
+I wish to thank the Bostonian Society for the privilege of reprinting Mr.
+Watkin's account of the "Bakers' Arms" and the "Golden Ball" and valuable
+assistance given by Messrs. C. F. Read, E. W. McGlenen, and W. A. Watkins;
+Henderson and Ross for the illustration of the "Crown Coffee House," and
+the Walton Advertising Co. for the "Royal Exchange Tavern."
+
+Other works consulted are Snow's History of Boston, Memorial History of
+Boston, Stark's Antique Views, Porter's Rambles in Old Boston, and Miss
+Thwing's very valuable work in the Massachusetts Historical Society.
+
+THE PUBLISHER.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+                                                      PAGE
+
+     I. UPON THE TAVERN AS AN INSTITUTION                9
+
+    II. THE EARLIER ORDINARIES                          19
+
+   III. IN REVOLUTIONARY TIMES                          33
+
+    IV. SIGNBOARD HUMOR                                 52
+
+     V. APPENDIX; BOSTON TAVERNS TO THE YEAR 1800       61
+
+    VI. COLE'S INN                                      73
+
+   VII. THE BAKERS' ARMS                                76
+
+  VIII. THE GOLDEN BALL TAVERN                          80
+
+    IX. THE HANCOCK TAVERN                              89
+
+     X. LIST OF TAVERNS AND TAVERN OWNERS               99
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
+
+
+  CAPT. JOHN MARSTON            _Frontispiece_
+
+                                          PAGE
+
+  THE SIGN OF THE LAMB                      17
+
+  THE HEART AND CROWN                       18
+
+  ROYAL EXCHANGE TAVERN                     24
+
+  PORTRAIT OF JOSEPH GREEN                  26
+
+  PORTRAIT OF JOHN DUNTON                   28
+
+  THE BUNCH OF GRAPES                       34
+
+  CROMWELL HEAD BOARD BILL                  44
+
+  THE CROMWELL'S HEAD                       44
+
+  THE GREEN DRAGON                          46
+
+  THE GREEN DRAGON SIGN                     47
+
+  THE LIBERTY TREE                          50
+
+  THE BRAZEN HEAD                           51
+
+  THE GOOD WOMAN                            52
+
+  THE DOG AND POT                           53
+
+  HOW SHALL I GET THROUGH THIS WORLD?       54
+
+  THE CROWN COFFEE HOUSE                    62
+
+  OLD NEWSPAPER ADVERTISEMENT               64
+
+  JULIEN HOUSE                              65
+
+  THE SUN TAVERN                            68
+
+  THE THREE DOVES                           70
+
+  JOLLEY ALLEN ADVERTISEMENT                70
+
+  THE BAKERS' ARMS                          75
+
+  SIGN OF BUNCH OF GRAPES                   80
+
+  SIGN OF GOLDEN BALL                       80
+
+  MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF COLE'S INN        88
+
+  COFFEE URN                                90
+
+  MAP OF BOSTON, 1645                       98
+
+  BROMFIELD HOUSE                          102
+
+  FIREMAN'S TICKET                         104
+
+  PORTRAIT OF GOVERNOR BELCHER             106
+
+  EXCHANGE COFFEE HOUSE, 1808-18           108
+
+  EXCHANGE COFFEE HOUSE, 1848              110
+
+  HATCH TAVERN                             112
+
+  LAMB TAVERN                              114
+
+  SUN TAVERN (DOCK SQUARE)                 122
+
+  BONNERS' MAP OF BOSTON, 1722             124
+
+
+
+
+OLD BOSTON TAVERNS.
+
+
+
+
+I.
+
+UPON THE TAVERN AS AN INSTITUTION.
+
+
+The famous remark of Louis XIV., "There are no longer any Pyrenees," may
+perhaps be open to criticism, but there are certainly no longer any
+taverns in New England. It is true that the statutes of the Commonwealth
+continue to designate such houses as the Brunswick and Vendome as taverns,
+and their proprietors as innkeepers; yet we must insist upon the truth of
+our assertion, the letter of the law to the contrary notwithstanding.
+
+No words need be wasted upon the present degradation which the name of
+tavern implies to polite ears. In most minds it is now associated with the
+slums of the city, and with that particular phase of city life only, so
+all may agree that, as a prominent feature of society and manners, the
+tavern has had its day. The situation is easily accounted for. The simple
+truth is, that, in moving on, the world has left the venerable institution
+standing in the eighteenth century; but it is equally true that, before
+that time, the history of any civilized people could hardly be written
+without making great mention of it. With the disappearance of the old
+signboards our streets certainly have lost a most picturesque feature, at
+least one avenue is closed to art, while a few very aged men mourn the
+loss of something endeared to them by many pleasant recollections.
+
+As an offset to the admission that the tavern has outlived its usefulness,
+we ought in justice to establish its actual character and standing as it
+was in the past. We shall then be the better able to judge how it was
+looked upon both from a moral and material stand-point, and can follow it
+on through successive stages of good or evil fortune, as we would the life
+of an individual.
+
+It fits our purpose admirably, and we are glad to find so eminent a
+scholar and divine as Dr. Dwight particularly explicit on this point. He
+tells us that, in his day, "The best old-fashioned New England inns were
+superior to any of the modern ones. There was less bustle, less parade,
+less appearance of doing a great deal to gratify your wishes, than at the
+reputable modern inns; but much more was actually done, and there was much
+more comfort and enjoyment. In a word, you found in these inns the
+pleasures of an excellent private house. If you were sick you were nursed
+and befriended as in your own family. To finish the story, your bills were
+always equitable, calculated on what you ought to pay, and not upon the
+scheme of getting the most which extortion might think proper to demand."
+
+Now this testimonial to what the public inn was eighty odd years ago comes
+with authority from one who had visited every nook and corner of New
+England, was so keen and capable an observer, and is always a faithful
+recorder of what he saw. Dr. Dwight has frequently said that during his
+travels he often "found his warmest welcome at an inn."
+
+In order to give the history of what may be called the Rise and Fall of
+the Tavern among us, we should go back to the earliest settlements, to the
+very beginning of things. In our own country the Pilgrim Fathers justly
+stand for the highest type of public and private morals. No less would be
+conceded them by the most unfriendly critic. Intemperance, extravagant
+living, or immorality found no harborage on Plymouth Rock, no matter under
+what disguise it might come. Because they were a virtuous and sober
+people, they had been filled with alarm for their own youth, lest the
+example set by the Hollanders should corrupt the stay and prop of their
+community. Indeed, Bradford tells us fairly that this was one determining
+cause of the removal into New England.
+
+The institution of taverns among the Pilgrims followed close upon the
+settlement. Not only were they a recognized need, but, as one of the
+time-honored institutions of the old country, no one seems to have thought
+of denouncing them as an evil, or even as a necessary evil. Travellers and
+sojourners had to be provided for even in a wilderness. Therefore taverns
+were licensed as fast as new villages grew up. Upward of a dozen were
+licensed at one sitting of the General Court. The usual form of
+concession is that So-and-So is licensed to draw wine and beer for the
+public. The supervision was strict, but not more so than the spirit of a
+patriarchal community, founded on morals, would seem to require; but there
+were no such attempts to cover up the true character of the tavern as we
+have seen practised in the cities of this Commonwealth for the purpose of
+evading the strict letter of the law; and the law then made itself
+respected. An innkeeper was not then looked upon as a person who was
+pursuing a disgraceful or immoral calling,--a sort of outcast, as it
+were,--but, while strictly held amenable to the law, he was actually taken
+under its protection. For instance, he was fined for selling any one
+person an immoderate quantity of liquor, and he was also liable to a fine
+if he refused to sell the quantity allowed to be drank on the premises,
+though no record is found of a prosecution under this singular statutory
+provision; still, for some time, this regulation was continued in force as
+the only logical way of dealing with the liquor question, as it then
+presented itself.
+
+When the law also prohibited a citizen from entertaining a stranger in his
+own house, unless he gave bonds for his guest's good behavior, the tavern
+occupied a place between the community and the outside world not wholly
+unlike that of a moral quarantine. The town constable could keep a
+watchful eye upon all suspicious characters with greater ease when they
+were under one roof. Then it was his business to know everybody's, so
+that any show of mystery about it would have settled, definitely, the
+stranger's _status_, as being no better than he should be. "Mind your own
+business," is a maxim hardly yet domesticated in New England, outside of
+our cities, or likely to become suddenly popular in our rural communities,
+where, in those good old days we are talking about, a public official was
+always a public inquisitor, as well as newsbearer from house to house.
+
+On their part, the Puritan Fathers seem to have taken the tavern under
+strict guardianship from the very first. In 1634, when the price of labor
+and everything else was regulated, sixpence was the legal charge for a
+meal, and a penny for an ale quart of beer, at an inn, and the landlord
+was liable to ten shillings fine if a greater charge was made. Josselyn,
+who was in New England at a very early day, remarks, that, "At the
+tap-houses of Boston I have had an ale quart of cider, spiced and
+sweetened with sugar, for a groat." So the fact that the law once actually
+prescribed how much should be paid for a morning dram may be set down
+among the curiosities of colonial legislation.
+
+No later than the year 1647 the number of applicants for licenses to keep
+taverns had so much increased that the following act was passed by our
+General Court for its own relief: "It is ordered by the authority of this
+court, that henceforth all such as are to keep houses of common
+entertainment, and to retail wine, beer, etc., shall be licensed at the
+county courts of the shire where they live, or the Court of Assistants,
+so as this court may not be thereby hindered in their more weighty
+affairs."
+
+A noticeable thing about this particular bill is, that when it went down
+for concurrence the word "deputies" was erased and "house" substituted by
+the speaker in its stead, thus showing that the newly born popular body
+had begun to assert itself as the only true representative chamber, and
+meant to show the more aristocratic branch that the sovereign people had
+spoken at last.
+
+By the time Philip's war had broken out, in 1675, taverns had become so
+numerous that Cotton Mather has said that every other house in Boston was
+one. Indeed, the calamity of the war itself was attributed to the number
+of tippling-houses in the colony. At any rate this was one of the alleged
+sins which, in the opinion of Mather, had called down upon the colony the
+frown of Providence. A century later, Governor Pownall repeated Mather's
+statement. So it is quite evident that the increase of taverns, both good
+and bad, had kept pace with the growth of the country.
+
+It is certain that, at the time of which we are speaking, some of the old
+laws affecting the drinking habits of society were openly disregarded.
+Drinking healths, for instance, though under the ban of the law, was still
+practised in Cotton Mather's day by those who met at the social board. We
+find him defending it as a common form of politeness, and not the
+invocation of Heaven it had once been in the days of chivalry. Drinking
+at funerals, weddings, church-raisings, and even at ordinations, was a
+thing everywhere sanctioned by custom. The person who should have refused
+to furnish liquor on such an occasion would have been the subject of
+remarks not at all complimentary to his motives.
+
+It seems curious enough to find that the use of tobacco was looked upon by
+the fathers of the colony as far more sinful, hurtful, and degrading than
+indulgence in intoxicating liquors. Indeed, in most of the New England
+settlements, not only the use but the planting of tobacco was strictly
+forbidden. Those who had a mind to solace themselves with the interdicted
+weed could do so only in the most private manner. The language of the law
+is, "Nor shall any take tobacco in any wine or common victual house,
+except in a private room there, so as the master of said house nor any
+guest there shall take offence thereat; which, if any do, then such person
+shall forbear upon pain of two shillings sixpence for every such offence."
+
+It is found on record that two innocent Dutchmen, who went on a visit to
+Harvard College,--when that venerable institution was much younger than it
+is to-day,--were so nearly choked with the fumes of tobacco-smoke, on
+first going in, that one said to the other, "This is certainly a tavern."
+
+It is also curious to note that, in spite of the steady growth of the
+smoking habit among all classes of people, public opinion continued to
+uphold the laws directed to its suppression, though, from our stand-point
+of to-day, these do seem uncommonly severe. And this state of things
+existed down to so late a day that men are now living who have been asked
+to plead "guilty or not guilty," at the bar of a police court, for smoking
+in the streets of Boston. A dawning sense of the ridiculous, it is
+presumed, led at last to the discontinuance of arrests for this cause; but
+for some time longer officers were in the habit of inviting detected
+smokers to show respect for the memory of a defunct statute of the
+Commonwealth, by throwing their cigars into the gutter.
+
+Turning to practical considerations, we shall find the tavern holding an
+important relation to its locality. In the first place, it being so nearly
+coeval with the laying out of villages, the tavern quickly became the one
+known landmark for its particular neighborhood. For instance, in Boston
+alone, the names Seven Star Lane, Orange Tree Lane, Red Lion Lane, Black
+Horse Lane, Sun Court, Cross Street, Bull Lane, not to mention others that
+now have so outlandish a sound to sensitive ears, were all derived from
+taverns. We risk little in saying that a Bostonian in London would think
+the great metropolis strangely altered for the worse should he find such
+hallowed names as Charing Cross, Bishopsgate, or Temple Bar replaced by
+those of some wealthy Smith, Brown, or Robinson; yet he looks on, while
+the same sort of vandalism is constantly going on at home, with hardly a
+murmur of disapproval, so differently does the same thing look from
+different points of view.
+
+As further fixing the topographical character of taverns, it may be stated
+that in the old almanacs distances are always computed between the inns,
+instead of from town to town, as the practice now is.
+
+Of course such topographical distinctions as we have pointed out began at
+a time when there were few public buildings; but the idea almost amounts
+to an instinct, because even now it is a common habit with every one to
+first direct the inquiring stranger to some prominent landmark. As such,
+tavern-signs were soon known and noted by all travellers.
+
+[Illustration: SIGN OF THE LAMB.]
+
+Then again, tavern-titles are, in most cases, traced back to the old
+country. Love for the old home and its associations made the colonist like
+to take his mug of ale under the same sign that he had patronized when in
+England. It was a never-failing reminiscence to him. And innkeepers knew
+how to appeal to this feeling. Hence the Red Lion and the Lamb, the St.
+George and the Green Dragon, the Black, White, and Red Horse, the Sun,
+Seven Stars, and Globe, were each and all so many reminiscences of Old
+London. In their way they denote the same sort of tie that is perpetuated
+by the Bostons, Portsmouths, Falmouths, and other names of English origin.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+II.
+
+THE EARLIER ORDINARIES.
+
+
+As early as 1638 there were at least two ordinaries, as taverns were then
+called, in Boston. That they were no ordinary taverns will at once occur
+to every one who considers the means then employed to secure sobriety and
+good order in them. For example, Josselyn says that when a stranger went
+into one for the purpose of refreshing the inner man, he presently found a
+constable at his elbow, who, it appeared, was there to see to it that the
+guest called for no more liquor than seemed good for him. If he did so,
+the beadle peremptorily countermanded the order, himself fixing the
+quantity to be drank; and from his decision there was no appeal.
+
+Of these early ordinaries the earliest known to be licensed goes as far
+back as 1634, when Samuel Cole, comfit-maker, kept it. A kind of interest
+naturally goes with the spot of ground on which this the first house of
+public entertainment in the New England metropolis stood. On this point
+all the early authorities seem to have been at fault. Misled by the
+meagre record in the Book of Possessions, the zealous antiquaries of
+former years had always located Cole's Inn in what is now Merchants' Row.
+Since Thomas Lechford's Note Book has been printed, the copy of a deed,
+dated in the year 1638, in which Cole conveys part of his dwelling, with
+brew-house, etc., has been brought to light. The estate noted here is the
+one situated next northerly from the well-known Old Corner Bookstore, on
+Washington Street. It would, therefore, appear, beyond reasonable doubt,
+that Cole's Inn stood in what was already the high street of the town,
+nearly opposite Governor Winthrop's, which gives greater point to my Lord
+Leigh's refusal to accept Winthrop's proffered hospitality when his
+lordship was sojourning under Cole's roof-tree.
+
+In his New England Tragedies, Mr. Longfellow introduces Cole, who is made
+to say,--
+
+  "But the 'Three Mariners' is an orderly,
+   Most orderly, quiet, and respectable house."
+
+Cole, certainly, could have had no other than a poet's license for calling
+his house by this name, as it is never mentioned otherwise than as _Cole's
+Inn_.
+
+Another of these worthy landlords was William Hudson, who had leave to
+keep an ordinary in 1640. From his occupation of baker, he easily stepped
+into the congenial employment of innkeeper. Hudson was among the earliest
+settlers of Boston, and for many years is found most active in town
+affairs. His name is on the list of those who were admitted freemen of
+the Colony, in May, 1631. As his son William also followed the same
+calling, the distinction of Senior and Junior becomes necessary when
+speaking of them.
+
+Hudson's house is said to have stood on the ground now occupied by the New
+England Bank, which, if true, would make this the most noted of tavern
+stands in all New England, or rather in all the colonies, as the same site
+afterward became known as the =Bunch of Grapes=. We shall have much
+occasion to notice it under that title. In Hudson's time the appearance of
+things about this locality was very different from what is seen to-day.
+All the earlier topographical features have been obliterated. Then the
+tide flowed nearly up to the tavern door, so making the spot a landmark of
+the ancient shore line as the first settlers had found it. Even so simple
+a statement as this will serve to show us how difficult is the task of
+fixing, with approximate accuracy, residences or sites on the water front,
+going as far back as the original occupants of the soil.
+
+Next in order of time comes the house called the =King's Arms=. This
+celebrated inn stood at the head of the dock, in what is now Dock Square.
+Hugh Gunnison, victualler, kept a "cooke's shop" in his dwelling there
+some time before 1642, as he was then allowed to sell beer. The next year
+he humbly prayed the court for leave "to draw the wyne which was spent in
+his house," in the room of having his customers get it elsewhere, and then
+come into his place the worse for liquor,--a proceeding which he justly
+thought unfair as well as unprofitable dealing. He asks this favor in
+order that "God be not dishonored nor his people grieved."
+
+We know that Gunnison was favored with the custom of the General Court,
+because we find that body voting to defray the expenses incurred for being
+entertained in his house "out of y{e} custom of wines or y{e} wampum of
+y{e} Narragansetts."
+
+Gunnison's house presently took the not always popular name of the _King's
+Arms_, which it seems to have kept until the general overturning of
+thrones in the Old Country moved the Puritan rulers to order the taking
+down of the King's arms, and setting up of the State's in their stead;
+for, until the restoration of the Stuarts, the tavern is the same, we
+think, known as the =State's Arms=. It then loyally resumed its old
+insignia again. Such little incidents show us how taverns frequently
+denote the fluctuation of popular opinion.
+
+As Gunnison's bill of fare has not come down to us, we are at a loss to
+know just how the colonial fathers fared at his hospitable board; but so
+long as the 'treat' was had at the public expense we cannot doubt that the
+dinners were quite as good as the larder afforded, or that full justice
+was done to the contents of mine host's cellar by those worthy legislators
+and lawgivers.
+
+When Hugh Gunnison sold out the _King's Arms_ to Henry Shrimpton and
+others, in 1651, for £600 sterling, the rooms in his house all bore some
+distinguishing name or title. For instance, one chamber was called the
+"Exchange." We have sometimes wondered whether it was so named in
+consequence of its use by merchants of the town as a regular place of
+meeting. The chamber referred to was furnished with "one half-headed
+bedstead with blew pillars." There was also a "Court Chamber," which,
+doubtless, was the one assigned to the General Court when dining at
+Gunnison's. Still other rooms went by such names as the "London" and
+"Star." The hall contained three small rooms, or stalls, with a bar
+convenient to it. This room was for public use, but the apartments
+upstairs were for the "quality" alone, or for those who paid for the
+privilege of being private. All remember how, in "She Stoops to Conquer,"
+Miss Hardcastle is made to say: "Attend the Lion, there!--Pipes and
+tobacco for the Angel!--The Lamb has been outrageous this half hour!"
+
+The =Castle Tavern= was another house of public resort, kept by William
+Hudson, Jr., at what is now the upper corner of Elm Street and Dock
+Square. Just at what time this noted tavern came into being is a matter
+extremely difficult to be determined; but, as we find a colonial order
+billeting soldiers in it in 1656, we conclude it to have been a public inn
+at that early day. At this time Hudson is styled lieutenant. If Whitman's
+records of the Artillery Company be taken as correct, the younger Hudson
+had seen service in the wars. With "divers other of our best military
+men," he had crossed the ocean to take service in the Parliamentary
+forces, in which he held the rank of ensign, returning home to New
+England, after an absence of two years, to find his wife publicly accused
+of faithlessness to her marriage vows.
+
+The presence of these old inns at the head of the town dock naturally
+points to that locality as the business centre, and it continued to hold
+that relation to the commerce of Boston until, by the building of wharves
+and piers, ships were enabled to come up to them for the purpose of
+unloading. Before that time their cargoes were landed in boats and
+lighters. Far back, in the beginning of things, when everything had to be
+transported by water to and from the neighboring settlements, this was
+naturally the busiest place in Boston. In time Dock Square became, as its
+name indicates, a sort of delta for the confluent lanes running down to
+the dock below it.
+
+Here, for a time, was centred all the movement to and from the shipping,
+and, we may add, about all the commerce of the infant settlement.
+Naturally the vicinity was most convenient for exposing for sale all sorts
+of merchandise as it was landed, which fact soon led to the establishment
+of a corn market on one side of the dock and a fish market on the other
+side.
+
+The =Royal Exchange= stood on the site of the Merchants' Bank, in State
+Street. In this high-sounding name we find a sure sign that the town had
+outgrown its old traditions and was making progress toward more citified
+ways. As time wore on a town-house had been built in the market-place. Its
+ground floor was purposely left open for the citizens to walk about,
+discuss the news, or bargain in. In the popular phrase, they were said to
+meet "on 'change," and thereafter this place of meeting was known as the
+Exchange, which name the tavern and lane soon took to themselves as a
+natural right.
+
+[Illustration: THE ROYAL EXCHANGE TAVERN (Merchants Bank site, State
+Street)
+
+The tall white building, mail coach just leaving]
+
+A glance at the locality in question shows the choice to have been made
+with a shrewd eye to the future. For example: the house fronted upon the
+town market-place, where, on stated days, fairs or markets for the sale of
+country products were held. On one side the tavern was flanked by the
+well-trodden lane which led to the town dock. From daily chaffering in a
+small way, those who wished to buy or sell came to meet here regularly. It
+also became the place for popular gatherings,--on such occasions of
+ceremony as the publishing of proclamations, mustering of troops, or
+punishment of criminals,--all of which vindicates its title to be called
+the heart of the little commonwealth.
+
+Indeed, on this spot the pulse of its daily life beat with ever-increasing
+vigor. Hither came the country people, with their donkeys and panniers.
+Here in the open air they set up their little booths to tempt the town's
+folk with the display of fresh country butter, cheese and eggs, fruits or
+vegetables. Here came the citizen, with his basket on his arm, exchanging
+his stock of news or opinions as he bargained for his dinner, and so
+caught the drift of popular sentiment beyond his own chimney-corner.
+
+To loiter a little longer at the sign of the _Royal Exchange_, which, by
+all accounts, always drew the best custom of the town, we find that, as
+long ago as Luke Vardy's time, it was a favorite resort of the Masonic
+fraternity, Vardy being a brother of the order. According to a poetic
+squib of the time,--
+
+  "'Twas he who oft dispelled their sadness,
+   And filled the breth'ren's hearts with gladness."
+
+After the burning of the town-house, near by, in the winter of 1747, had
+turned the General Court out of doors, that body finished its sessions at
+Vardy's; nor do we find any record of legislation touching Luke's taproom
+on that occasion.
+
+Vardy's was the resort of the young bloods of the town, who spent their
+evenings in drinking, gaming, or recounting their love affairs. One July
+evening, in 1728, two young men belonging to the first families in the
+province quarreled over their cards or wine. A challenge passed. At that
+time the sword was the weapon of gentlemen. The parties repaired to a
+secluded part of the Common, stripped for the encounter, and fought it out
+by the light of the moon. After a few passes one of the combatants, named
+Woodbridge, received a mortal thrust; the survivor was hurried off by his
+friends on board a ship, which immediately set sail. This being the first
+duel ever fought in the town, it naturally made a great stir.
+
+[Illustration: JOSEPH GREEN
+
+Noted Boston merchant and wit, died in England, 1780
+
+  SATIRE ON LUKE TARDY OF THE ROYAL EXCHANGE TAVERN
+
+  BY JOSEPH GREEN AT A MASONIC MEETING, 1749
+
+  "Where's honest _Luke_,--that cook from London?
+   For without _Luke_ the _Lodge_ is undone;
+   'Twas he who oft dispelled their sadness.
+   And fill'd the _Brethren's_ heart with gladness.
+   For them his ample bowls o'erflow'd.
+   His table groan'd beneath its load;
+   For them he stretch'd his utmost art.--
+   Their honours grateful they impart.
+   _Luke_ in return is made a _brother_,
+   As _good_ and _true_ as any other;
+   And still, though broke with age and wine,
+   Preserves the _token_ and the _sign_."
+                    --"Entertainments for a Winter's Evening."]
+
+We cannot leave the neighborhood without at least making mention of the
+Massacre of the 5th of March, 1770, which took place in front of the
+tavern. It was then a three-story brick house, the successor, it is
+believed, of the first building erected on the spot and destroyed in the
+great fire of 1711. On the opposite corner of the lane stood the Royal
+Custom House, where a sentry was walking his lonely round on that frosty
+night, little dreaming of the part he was to play in the coming tragedy.
+With the assault made by the mob on this sentinel, the fatal affray began
+which sealed the cause of the colonists with their blood. At this time the
+tavern enjoyed the patronage of the newly arrived British officers of the
+army and navy as well as of citizens or placemen, of the Tory party, so
+that its inmates must have witnessed, with peculiar feelings, every
+incident of that night of terror. Consequently the house with its sign is
+shown in Revere's well-known picture of the massacre.
+
+One more old hostelry in this vicinity merits a word from us. Though not
+going so far back or coming down to so late a date as some of the houses
+already mentioned, nevertheless it has ample claim not to be passed by in
+silence.
+
+The =Anchor=, otherwise the "Blew Anchor," stood on the ground now
+occupied by the Globe newspaper building. In early times it divided with
+the _State's Arms_ the patronage of the magistrates, who seem to have had
+a custom, perhaps not yet quite out of date, of adjourning to the ordinary
+over the way after transacting the business which had brought them
+together. So we find that the commissioners of the United Colonies, and
+even the reverend clergy, when they were summoned to the colonial capital
+to attend a synod, were usually entertained here at the _Anchor_.
+
+This fact presupposes a house having what we should now call the latest
+improvements, or at least possessing some advantages over its older rivals
+in the excellence of its table or cellarage. When Robert Turner kept it,
+his rooms were distinguished, after the manner of the old London inns, as
+the Cross Keys, Green Dragon, Anchor and Castle Chamber, Rose and Sun, Low
+Room, so making old associations bring in custom.
+
+It was in 1686 that John Dunton, a London bookseller whom Pope lampoons in
+the "Dunciad," came over to Boston to do a little business in the
+bookselling line. The vicinity of the town-house was then crowded with
+book-shops, all of which drove a thriving trade in printing and selling
+sermons, almanacs, or fugitive essays of a sort now quite unknown outside
+of a few eager collectors. The time was a critical one in New England, as
+she was feeling the tremor of the coming revolt which sent King James into
+exile; yet to read Dunton's account of men and things as he thought he saw
+them, one would imagine him just dropped into Arcadia, rather than
+breathing the threatening atmosphere of a country that was tottering on
+the edge of revolution.
+
+But it is to him, at any rate, that we are indebted for a portrait of the
+typical landlord,--one whom we feel at once we should like to have
+known, and, having known, to cherish in our memory. With a flourish of his
+goose-quill Dunton introduces us to George Monk, landlord of the _Anchor_,
+who, somehow, reminds us of Chaucer's Harry Bailly, and Ben Jonson's
+Goodstock. And we more than suspect from what follows that Dunton had
+tasted the "Anchor" Madeira, not only once, but again.
+
+[Illustration: JOHN DUNTON, Bookseller, 1659-1733]
+
+George Monk, mine host of the _Anchor_, Dunton tells us, was "a person so
+remarkable that, had I not been acquainted with him, it would be a hard
+matter to make any New England man believe that I had been in Boston; for
+there was no one house in all the town more noted, or where a man might
+meet with better accommodation. Besides he was a brisk and jolly man,
+whose conversation was coveted by all his guests as the life and spirit of
+the company."
+
+In this off-hand sketch we behold the traditional publican, now, alas!
+extinct. Gossip, newsmonger, banker, pawnbroker, expediter of men or
+effects, the intimate association so long existing between landlord and
+public under the old régime everywhere brought about a still closer one
+among the guild itself, so establishing a network of communication
+coextensive with all the great routes from Maine to Georgia.
+
+Situated just "around the corner" from the council-chamber, the _Anchor_
+became, as we have seen, the favorite haunt of members of the government,
+and so acquired something of an official character and standing. We have
+strong reason to believe that, under the mellowing influence of the
+punch-bowl, those antique men of iron mould and mien could now and then
+crack a grim jest or tell a story or possibly troll a love-ditty, with
+grave gusto. At any rate, we find Chief Justice Sewall jotting down in his
+"Diary" the familiar sentence, "The deputies treated and I treated." And,
+to tell the truth, we would much prefer to think of the colonial fathers
+as possessing even some human frailties rather than as the statues now
+replacing their living forms and features in our streets.
+
+But now and then we can imagine the noise of great merriment making the
+very windows of some of these old hostelries rattle again. We learn that
+the =Greyhound= was a respectable public house, situated in Roxbury, and
+of very early date too; for the venerable and saintly Eliot lived upon one
+side and his pious colleague, Samuel Danforth, on the other. Yet
+notwithstanding its being, as it were, hedged in between two such eminent
+pillars of the church, the godly Danforth bitterly complains of the
+provocation which frequenters of the tavern sometimes tried him withal,
+and naïvely informs us that, when from his study windows he saw any of the
+town dwellers loitering there he would go down and "chide them away."
+
+It is related in the memoirs of the celebrated Indian fighter, Captain
+Benjamin Church, that he and Captain Converse once found themselves in the
+neighborhood of a tavern at the South End of Boston. As old comrades they
+wished to go in and take a parting glass together; but, on searching their
+pockets, Church could find only sixpence and Converse not a penny to bless
+himself with, so they were compelled to forego this pledge of friendship
+and part with thirsty lips. Going on to Roxbury, Church luckily found an
+old neighbor of his, who generously lent him money enough to get home
+with. He tells the anecdote in order to show to what straits the parsimony
+of the Massachusetts rulers had reduced him, their great captain, to whom
+the colony owed so much.
+
+The =Red Lion=, in North Street, was one of the oldest public houses, if
+not the oldest, to be opened at the North End of the town. It stood close
+to the waterside, the adjoining wharf and the lane running down to it both
+belonging to the house and both taking its name. The old Red Lion Lane is
+now Richmond Street, and the wharf has been filled up, so making
+identification of the old sites difficult, to say the least. Nicholas
+Upshall, the stout-hearted Quaker, kept the _Red Lion_ as early as 1654.
+At his death the land on which tavern and brewhouse stood went to his
+children. When the persecution of his sect began in earnest, Upshall was
+thrown into Boston jail, for his outspoken condemnation of the authorities
+and their rigorous proceedings toward this people. He was first doomed to
+perpetual imprisonment. A long and grievous confinement at last broke
+Upshall's health, if it did not, ultimately, prove the cause of his
+death.
+
+The =Ship Tavern= stood at the head of Clark's Wharf, or on the southwest
+corner of North and Clark streets, according to present boundaries. It was
+an ancient brick building, dating as far back as 1650 at least. John Vyal
+kept it in 1663. When Clark's Wharf was built it was the principal one of
+the town. Large ships came directly up to it, so making the tavern a most
+convenient resort for masters of vessels or their passengers, and
+associating it with the locality itself. King Charles's commissioners
+lodged at Vyal's house, when they undertook the task of bringing down the
+pride of the rulers of the colony a peg. One of them, Sir Robert Carr,
+pummeled a constable who attempted to arrest him in this house. He
+afterward refused to obey a summons to answer for the assault before the
+magistrates, loftily alleging His Majesty's commission as superior to any
+local mandate whatever. He thus retaliated Governor Leverett's affront to
+the commissioners in keeping his hat on his head when their authority to
+act was being read to the council. But Leverett was a man who had served
+under Cromwell, and had no love for the cavaliers or they for him. The
+commissioners sounded trumpets and made proclamations; but the colony kept
+on the even tenor of its way, in defiance of the royal mandate, equally
+regardless of the storm gathering about it, as of the magnitude of the
+conflict in which it was about to plunge, all unarmed and unprepared.
+
+
+
+
+III.
+
+IN REVOLUTIONARY TIMES.
+
+
+Such thoroughfares as King Street, just before the Revolution, were filled
+with horsemen, donkeys, oxen, and long-tailed trucks, with a sprinkling of
+one-horse chaises and coaches of the kind seen in Hogarth's realistic
+pictures of London life. To these should be added the chimney-sweeps,
+wood-sawyers, market-women, soldiers, and sailors, who are now quite as
+much out of date as the vehicles themselves are. There being no sidewalks,
+the narrow footway was protected, here and there, sometimes by posts,
+sometimes by an old cannon set upright at the corners, so that the
+traveller dismounted from his horse or alighted from coach or chaise at
+the very threshold.
+
+Next in the order of antiquity, as well as fame, to the taverns already
+named, comes the =Bunch of Grapes= in King, now State Street. The plain
+three-story stone building situated at the upper corner of Kilby Street
+stands where the once celebrated tavern did. Three gilded clusters of
+grapes dangled temptingly over the door before the eye of the passer-by.
+Apart from its palate-tickling suggestions, a pleasant aroma of antiquity
+surrounds this symbol, so dear to all devotees of Bacchus from immemorial
+time. In _Measure for Measure_ the clown says, "'Twas in the Bunch of
+Grapes, where indeed you have a delight to sit, have you not?" And Froth
+answers, "I have so, because it is an open room and good for winter."
+
+[Illustration: THE BUNCH OF GRAPES]
+
+This house goes back to the year 1712, when Francis Holmes kept it, and
+perhaps further still, though we do not meet with it under this title
+before Holmes's time. From that time, until after the Revolution, it
+appears to have always been open as a public inn, and, as such, is
+feelingly referred to by one old traveller as the best punch-house to be
+found in all Boston.
+
+When the line came to be drawn between conditional loyalty, and loyalty at
+any rate, the _Bunch of Grapes_ became the resort of the High Whigs, who
+made it a sort of political headquarters, in which patriotism only passed
+current, and it was known as the Whig tavern. With military occupation
+and bayonet rule, still further intensifying public feeling, the line
+between Whig and Tory houses was drawn at the threshold. It was then kept
+by Marston. Cold welcome awaited the appearance of scarlet regimentals or
+a Tory phiz there; so gentlemen of that side of politics also formed
+cliques of their own at other houses, in which the talk and the toasts
+were more to their liking, and where they could abuse the Yankee rebels
+over their port to their heart's content.
+
+But, apart from political considerations, one or two incidents have given
+the _Bunch of Grapes_ a kind of pre-eminence over all its contemporaries,
+and, therefore, ought not to be passed over when the house is mentioned.
+
+On Monday, July 30, 1733, the first grand lodge of Masons in America was
+organized here by Henry Price, a Boston tailor, who had received authority
+from Lord Montague, Grand Master of England, for the purpose.
+
+Again, upon the evacuation of Boston by the royal troops, this house
+became the centre for popular demonstrations. First, His Excellency,
+General Washington, was handsomely entertained there. Some months later,
+after hearing the Declaration read from the balcony of the Town-house, the
+populace, having thus made their appeal to the King of kings, proceeded to
+pull down from the public buildings the royal arms which had distinguished
+them, and, gathering them in a heap in front of the tavern, made a bonfire
+of them, little imagining, we think, that the time would ever come when
+the act would be looked upon as vandalism on their part.
+
+General Stark's timely victory at Bennington was celebrated with all the
+more heartiness of enthusiasm in Boston because the people had been
+quaking with fear ever since the fall of Ticonderoga sent dismay
+throughout New England. The affair is accurately described in the
+following letter, written by a prominent actor, and going to show how such
+things were done in the times that not only tried men's souls, but would
+seem also to have put their stomachs to a pretty severe test. The writer
+says:--
+
+"In consequence of this news we kept it up in high taste. At sundown about
+one hundred of the first gentlemen of the town, with all the strangers
+then in Boston, met at the _Bunch of Grapes_, where good liquors and a
+side-table were provided. In the street were two brass field-pieces with a
+detachment of Colonel Craft's regiment. In the balcony of the Town-house
+all the fifes and drums of my regiment were stationed. The ball opened
+with a discharge of thirteen cannon, and at every toast given three rounds
+were fired and a flight of rockets sent up. About nine o'clock two barrels
+of grog were brought out into the street for the people that had collected
+there. It was all conducted with the greatest propriety, and by ten
+o'clock every man was at his home."
+
+Shortly after this General Stark himself arrived in town and was right
+royally entertained here, at that time presenting the trophies now
+adorning the Senate Chamber. On his return from France in 1780 Lafayette
+was also received at this house with all the honors, on account of having
+brought the news that France had at last cast her puissant sword into the
+trembling balance of our Revolutionary contest.
+
+But the important event with which the _Bunch of Grapes_ is associated is,
+not the reception of a long line of illustrious guests, but the
+organization, by a number of continental officers, of the Ohio Company,
+under which the settlement of that great State began in earnest, at
+Marietta. The leading spirit in this first concerted movement of New
+England toward the Great West was General Rufus Putnam, a cousin of the
+more distinguished officer of Revolutionary fame.
+
+Taking this house as a sample of the best that the town could afford at
+the beginning of the century, we should probably find a company of about
+twenty persons assembled at dinner, who were privileged to indulge in as
+much familiar chat as they liked. No other formalities were observed than
+such as good breeding required. Two o'clock was the hour at which all the
+town dined. The guests were called together by the ringing of a bell in
+the street. They were served with salmon in season, veal, beef, mutton,
+fowl, ham, vegetables, and pudding, and each one had his pint of Madeira
+set before him. The carving was done at the table in the good old English
+way, each guest helping himself to what he liked best. Five shillings per
+day was the usual charge, which was certainly not an exorbitant one. In
+half an hour after the cloth was removed the table was usually deserted.
+
+The =British Coffee-House= was one of the first inns to take to itself the
+newly imported title. It stood on the site of the granite building
+numbered 66 State Street, and was, as its name implies, as emphatically
+the headquarters of the out-and-out loyalists as the _Bunch of Grapes_,
+over the way, was of the unconditional Whigs. A notable thing about it was
+the performance there in 1750, probably by amateurs, of Otway's "Orphan,"
+an event which so outraged public sentiment as to cause the enactment of a
+law prohibiting the performance of stage plays under severe penalties.
+
+Perhaps an even more notable occurrence was the formation in this house of
+the first association in Boston taking to itself the distinctive name of a
+Club. The =Merchants' Club=, as it was called, met here as early as 1751.
+Its membership was not restricted to merchants, as might be inferred from
+its title, though they were possibly in a majority, but included crown
+officers, members of the bar, military and naval officers serving on the
+station, and gentlemen of high social rank of every shade of opinion. No
+others were eligible to membership.
+
+Up to a certain time this club, undoubtedly, represented the best culture,
+the most brilliant wit, and most delightful companionship that could be
+brought together in all the colonies; but when the political sky grew dark
+the old harmony was at an end, and a division became inevitable, the
+Whigs going over to the _Bunch of Grapes_, and thereafter taking to
+themselves the name of the Whig Club.[1]
+
+Under date of 1771, John Adams notes down in his Diary this item: "Spent
+the evening at Cordis's, in the front room towards the Long Wharf, where
+the _Merchants' Club_ has met these twenty years. It seems there is a
+schism in that church, a rent in that garment." Cordis was then the
+landlord.[2]
+
+Social and business meetings of the bar were also held at the
+_Coffee-House_, at one of which Josiah Quincy, Jr. was admitted. By and by
+the word "American" was substituted for "British" on the _Coffee-House_
+sign, and for some time it flourished under its new title of the =American
+Coffee-House=.
+
+But before the clash of opinions had brought about the secession just
+mentioned, the best room in this house held almost nightly assemblages of
+a group of patriotic men, who were actively consolidating all the elements
+of opposition into a single force. Not inaptly they might be called the
+Old Guard of the Revolution. The principals were Otis, Cushing, John
+Adams, Pitts, Dr. Warren, and Molyneux. Probably no minutes of their
+proceedings were kept, for the excellent reason that they verged upon, if
+they did not overstep, the treasonable.
+
+His talents, position at the bar, no less than intimate knowledge of the
+questions which were then so profoundly agitating the public mind,
+naturally made Otis the leader in these conferences, in which the means
+for counteracting the aggressive measures then being put in force by the
+ministry formed the leading topic of discussion. His acute and logical
+mind, mastery of public law, intensity of purpose, together with the keen
+and biting satire which he knew so well how to call to his aid, procured
+for Otis the distinction of being the best-hated man on the Whig side of
+politics, because he was the one most feared. Whether in the House, the
+court-room, the taverns, or elsewhere, Otis led the van of resistance. In
+military phrase, his policy was the offensive-defensive. He was no
+respecter of ignorance in high places. Once when Governor Bernard
+sneeringly interrupted Otis to ask him who the authority was whom he was
+citing, the patriot coldly replied, "He is a very eminent jurist, and none
+the less so for being unknown to your Excellency."
+
+It was in the _Coffee-House_ that Otis, in attempting to pull a Tory nose,
+was set upon and so brutally beaten by a place-man named Robinson, and his
+friends, as to ultimately cause the loss of his reason and final
+withdrawal from public life. John Adams says he was "basely assaulted by a
+well-dressed banditti, with a commissioner of customs at their head." What
+they had never been able to compass by fair argument, the Tories now
+succeeded in accomplishing by brute force, since Otis was forever
+disqualified from taking part in the struggle which he had all along
+foreseen was coming,--and which, indeed, he had done more to bring about
+than any single man in the colonies.
+
+Connected with this affair is an anecdote which we think merits a place
+along with it. It is related by John Adams, who was an interested
+listener. William Molyneux had a petition before the legislature which did
+not succeed to his wishes, and for several evenings he had wearied the
+company with his complaints of services, losses, sacrifices, etc., always
+winding up with saying, "That a man who has behaved as I have should be
+treated as I am is intolerable," with much more to the same effect. Otis
+had said nothing, but the whole club were disgusted and out of patience,
+when he rose from his seat with the remark, "Come, come, Will, quit this
+subject, and let us enjoy ourselves. I also have a list of grievances;
+will you hear it?" The club expected some fun, so all cried out, "Ay! ay!
+let us hear your list."
+
+"Well, then, in the first place, I resigned the office of
+advocate-general, which I held from the crown, which produced me--how much
+do you think?"
+
+"A great deal, no doubt," said Molyneux.
+
+"Shall we say two hundred sterling a year?"
+
+"Ay, more, I believe," said Molyneux.
+
+"Well, let it be two hundred. That, for ten years, is two thousand. In the
+next place, I have been obliged to relinquish the greater part of my
+business at the bar. Will you set that at two hundred pounds more?"
+
+"Oh, I believe it much more than that!" was the answer.
+
+"Well, let it be two hundred. This, for ten years, makes two thousand. You
+allow, then, I have lost four thousand pounds sterling?"
+
+"Ay, and more too," said Molyneux. Otis went on: "In the next place, I
+have lost a hundred friends, among whom were men of the first rank,
+fortune, and power in the province. At what price will you estimate them?"
+
+"D--n them!" said Molyneux, "at nothing. You are better off without them
+than with them."
+
+A loud laugh from the company greeted this sally.
+
+"Be it so," said Otis. "In the next place, I have made a thousand enemies,
+among whom are the government of the province and the nation. What do you
+think of this item?"
+
+"That is as it may happen," said Molyneux, reflectively.
+
+"In the next place, you know I love pleasure, but I have renounced
+pleasure for ten years. What is that worth?"
+
+"No great matter: you have made politics your amusement."
+
+A hearty laugh.
+
+"In the next place, I have ruined as fine health as nature ever gave to
+man."
+
+"That is melancholy indeed; there is nothing to be said on that point,"
+Molyneux replied.
+
+"Once more," continued Otis, holding down his head before Molyneux, "look
+upon this head!" (there was a deep, half-closed scar, in which a man might
+lay his finger)--"and, what is worse my friends think I have a monstrous
+crack in my skull."
+
+This made all the company look grave, and had the desired effect of making
+Molyneux who was really a good companion, heartily ashamed of his childish
+complaints.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Another old inn of assured celebrity was the =Cromwell's Head=, in School
+Street. This was a two-story wooden building of venerable appearance,
+conspicuously displaying over the footway a grim likeness of the Lord
+Protector, it is said much to the disgust of the ultra royalists, who,
+rather than pass underneath it, habitually took the other side of the way.
+Indeed, some of the hot-headed Tories were for serving _Cromwell's Head_
+as that man of might had served their martyr king's. So, when the town
+came under martial law, mine host Brackett, whose family kept the house
+for half a century or more, had to take down his sign, and conceal it
+until such time as the "British hirelings" should have made their
+inglorious exit from the town.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+After Braddock's crushing defeat in the West, a young Virginian colonel,
+named George Washington, was sent by Governor Dinwiddie to confer with
+Governor Shirley, who was the great war governor of his day, as Andrew was
+of our own, with the difference that Shirley then had the general
+direction of military affairs, from the Ohio to the St. Lawrence, pretty
+much in his own hands. Colonel Washington took up his quarters at
+Brackett's, little imagining, perhaps, that twenty years later he would
+enter Boston at the head of a victorious republican army, after having
+quartered his troops in Governor Shirley's splendid mansion.
+
+Major-General the Marquis Chastellux, of Rochambeau's auxiliary army,
+also lodged at the _Cromwell's Head_ when he was in Boston in 1782. He met
+there the renowned Paul Jones, whose excessive vanity led him to read to
+the company in the coffee-room some verses composed in his own honor, it
+is said, by Lady Craven.
+
+From the tavern of the gentry we pass on to the tavern of the mechanics,
+and of the class which Abraham Lincoln has forever distinguished by the
+title of the common people.
+
+Among such houses the =Salutation=, which stood at the junction of
+Salutation with North Street, is deserving of a conspicuous place. Its
+vicinity to the shipyards secured for it the custom of the sturdy North
+End shipwrights, caulkers, gravers, sparmakers, and the like,--a numerous
+body, who, while patriots to the backbone, were also quite clannish and
+independent in their feelings and views, and consequently had to be
+managed with due regard to their class prejudices, as in politics they
+always went in a body. Shrewd politicians, like Samuel Adams, understood
+this. Governor Phips owed his elevation to it. As a body, therefore, these
+mechanics were extremely formidable, whether at the polls or in carrying
+out the plans of their leaders. To their meetings the origin of the word
+_caucus_ is usually referred, the word itself undoubtedly having come into
+familiar use as a short way of saying caulkers' meetings.
+
+The _Salutation_ became the point of fusion between leading Whig
+politicians and the shipwrights. More than sixty influential mechanics
+attended the first meeting, called in 1772, at which Dr. Warren drew up a
+code of by-laws. Some leading mechanic, however, was always chosen to be
+the moderator. The "caucus," as it began to be called, continued to meet
+in this place until after the destruction of the tea, when, for greater
+secrecy, it became advisable to transfer the sittings to another place,
+and then the Green Dragon, in Union Street, was selected.
+
+The _Salutation_ had a sign of the sort that is said to tickle the popular
+fancy for what is quaint or humorous. It represented two citizens, with
+hands extended, bowing and scraping to each other in the most approved
+fashion. So the North-Enders nicknamed it "The Two Palaverers," by which
+name it was most commonly known. This house, also, was a reminiscence of
+the _Salutation_ in Newgate Street, London, which was the favorite haunt
+of Lamb and Coleridge.
+
+The =Green Dragon= will probably outlive all its contemporaries in the
+popular estimation. In the first place a mural tablet, with a dragon
+sculptured in relief, has been set in the wall of the building that now
+stands upon some part of the old tavern site. It is the only one of the
+old inns to be so distinguished. Its sign was the fabled dragon, in
+hammered metal, projecting out above the door, and was probably the
+counterpart of the _Green Dragon_ in Bishopsgate Street, London.
+
+[Illustration: THE GREEN DRAGON TAVERN]
+
+As a public house this one goes back to 1712, when Richard Pullen kept
+it; and we also find it noticed, in 1715, as a place for entering horses
+to be run for a piece of plate of the value of twenty-five pounds. In
+passing, we may as well mention the fact that Revere Beach was the
+favorite race-ground of that day. The house was well situated for
+intercepting travel to and from the northern counties.
+
+[Illustration: THE GREEN DRAGON.]
+
+To resume the historical connection between the _Salutation_ and _Green
+Dragon_, its worthy successor, it appears that Dr. Warren continued to be
+the commanding figure after the change of location; and, if he was not
+already the popular idol, he certainly came little short of it, for
+everything pointed to him as the coming leader whom the exigency should
+raise up. Samuel Adams was popular in a different way. He was cool,
+far-sighted, and persistent, but he certainly lacked the magnetic quality.
+Warren was much younger, far more impetuous and aggressive,--in short, he
+possessed all the more brilliant qualities for leadership which Adams
+lacked. Moreover, he was a fluent and effective speaker, of graceful
+person, handsome, affable, with frank and winning manners, all of which
+added no little to his popularity. Adams inspired respect, Warren
+confidence. As Adams himself said, he belonged to the "cabinet," while
+Warren's whole make-up as clearly marked him for the field.
+
+In all the local events preliminary to our revolutionary struggle, this
+_Green Dragon_ section or junto constituted an active and positive force.
+It represented the muscle of the Revolution. Every member was sworn to
+secrecy, and of them all one only proved recreant to his oath.
+
+These were the men who gave the alarm on the eve of the battle of
+Lexington, who spirited away cannon under General Gage's nose, and who in
+so many instances gallantly fought in the ranks of the republican army.
+Wanting a man whom he could fully trust, Warren early singled out Paul
+Revere for the most important services. He found him as true as steel. A
+peculiar kind of friendship seems to have sprung up between the two,
+owing, perhaps, to the same daring spirit common to both. So when Warren
+sent word to Revere that he must instantly ride to Lexington or all would
+be lost, he knew that, if it lay in the power of man to do it, the thing
+would be done.
+
+Besides the more noted of the tavern clubs there were numerous private
+coteries, some exclusively composed of politicians, others more resembling
+our modern debating societies than anything else. These clubs usually met
+at the houses of the members themselves, so exerting a silent influence on
+the body politic. The non-importation agreement originated at a private
+club in 1773. But all were not on the patriot side. The crown had equally
+zealous supporters, who met and talked the situation over without any of
+the secrecy which prudence counselled the other side to use in regard to
+their proceedings. Some associations endeavored to hold the balance
+between the factions by standing neutral. They deprecated the
+encroachments of the mother-country, but favored passive obedience. Dryden
+has described them:
+
+  "Not Whigs nor Tories they, nor this nor that,
+   Nor birds nor beasts, but just a kind of bat,--
+   A twilight animal, true to neither cause,
+   With Tory wings but Whiggish teeth and claws."
+
+It should be mentioned that Gridley, the father of the Boston Bar,
+undertook, in 1765, to organize a law club, with the purpose of making
+head against Otis, Thatcher, and Auchmuty. John Adams and Fitch were
+Gridley's best men. They met first at Ballard's, and subsequently at each
+other's chambers; their "sodality," as they called it, being for
+professional study and advancement. Gridley, it appears, was a little
+jealous of his old pupil, Otis, who had beaten him in the famous argument
+on the Writs of Assistance. Mention is also made of a club of which Daniel
+Leonard (_Massachusettensis_), John Lowell, Elisha Hutchinson, Frank
+Dana, and Josiah Quincy were members. Similar clubs also existed in most
+of the principal towns in New England.
+
+The =Sons of Liberty= adopted the name given by Colonel Barré to the
+enemies of passive obedience in America. They met in the counting-room of
+Chase and Speakman's distillery, near Liberty Tree.[3] Mackintosh, the man
+who led the mob in the Stamp Act riots, is doubtless the same person who
+assisted in throwing the tea overboard. We hear no more of him after this.
+The "Sons" were an eminently democratic organization, as few except
+mechanics were members. Among them were men like Avery, Crafts, and Edes
+the printer. All attained more or less prominence. Edes continued to print
+the _Boston Gazette_ long after the Revolution. During Bernard's
+administration he was offered the whole of the government printing, if he
+would stop his opposition to the measures of the crown. He refused the
+bribe, and his paper was the only one printed in America without a stamp,
+in direct violation of an Act of Parliament. The "Sons" pursued their
+measures with such vigor as to create much alarm among the loyalists, on
+whom the Stamp Act riots had made a lasting impression. Samuel Adams is
+thought to have influenced their proceedings more than any other of the
+leaders. It was by no means a league of ascetics, who had resolved to
+mortify the flesh, as punch and tobacco were liberally used to stimulate
+the deliberations.
+
+[Illustration: THE LIBERTY TREE]
+
+No important political association outlived the beginning of hostilities.
+All the leaders were engaged in the military or civil service on one or
+the other side. Of the circle that met at the _Merchants'_ three were
+members of the Philadelphia Congress of 1774, one was president of the
+Provincial Congress of Massachusetts, the career of two was closed by
+death, and that of Otis by insanity.
+
+
+
+
+IV.
+
+SIGNBOARD HUMOR.
+
+
+Another tavern sign, though of later date, was that of the =Good Woman=,
+at the North End. This _Good Woman_ was painted without a head.
+
+[Illustration: THE GOOD WOMAN]
+
+Still another board had painted on it a bird, a tree, a ship, and a
+foaming can, with the legend,--
+
+  "This is the bird that never flew,
+   This is the tree which never grew,
+   This is the ship which never sails,
+   This is the can which never fails."
+
+The =Dog and Pot=, =Turk's Head=, =Tun and Bacchus=, were also old and
+favorite emblems. Some of the houses which swung these signs were very
+quaint specimens of our early architecture. So, also, the signs themselves
+were not unfrequently the work of good artists. Smibert or Copley may have
+painted some of them. West once offered five hundred dollars for a red
+lion he had painted for a tavern sign.
+
+[Illustration: DOG AND POT.]
+
+Not a few boards displayed a good deal of ingenuity and mother-wit, which
+was not without its effect, especially upon thirsty Jack, who could hardly
+be expected to resist such an appeal as this one of the _Ship in
+Distress_:
+
+  "With sorrows I am compass'd round;
+   Pray lend a hand, my ship's aground."
+
+We hear of another signboard hanging out at the extreme South End of the
+town, on which was depicted a globe with a man breaking through the crust,
+like a chicken from its shell. The man's nakedness was supposed to
+betoken extreme poverty.
+
+So much for the sign itself. The story goes that early one morning a
+continental regiment was halted in front of the tavern, after having just
+made a forced march from Providence. The men were broken down with
+fatigue, bespattered with mud, famishing from hunger. One of these
+veterans doubtless echoed the sentiments of all the rest when he shouted
+out to the man on the sign, "'List, darn ye! 'List, and you'll get through
+this world fast enough!"
+
+[Illustration: "HOW SHALL I GET THROUGH THIS WORLD?"]
+
+In time of war the taverns were favorite recruiting rendezvous. Those at
+the waterside were conveniently situated for picking up men from among the
+idlers who frequented the tap-rooms. Under date of 1745, when we were at
+war with France, bills were posted in the town giving notice to all
+concerned that, "All gentlemen sailors and others, who are minded to go on
+a cruise off of Cape Breton, on board the brigantine _Hawk_, Captain
+Philip Bass commander, mounting fourteen carriage, and twenty swivel guns,
+going in consort with the brigantine _Ranger_, Captain Edward Fryer
+commander, of the like force, to intercept the East India, South Sea, and
+other ships bound to Cape Breton, let them repair to the Widow Gray's at
+the =Crown Tavern=, at the head of Clark's Wharf, to go with Captain Bass,
+or to the =Vernon's Head=, Richard Smith's, in King Street, to go in the
+_Ranger_." "Gentlemen sailors" is a novel sea-term that must have tickled
+an old salt's fancy amazingly.
+
+The following notice, given at the same date in the most public manner, is
+now curious reading. "To be sold, a likely negro or mulatto boy, about
+eleven years of age." This was in Boston.
+
+The Revolution wrought swift and significant change in many of the old,
+favorite signboards. Though the idea remained the same, their symbolism
+was now put to a different use. Down came the king's and up went the
+people's arms. The crowns and sceptres, the lions and unicorns, furnished
+fuel for patriotic bonfires or were painted out forever. With them
+disappeared the last tokens of the monarchy. The crown was knocked into a
+cocked-hat, the sceptre fell at the unsheathing of the sword. The heads of
+Washington and Hancock, Putnam and Lee, Jones and Hopkins, now fired the
+martial heart instead of Vernon, Hawk, or Wolfe. Allegiance to old and
+cherished traditions was swept away as ruthlessly as if it were in truth
+but the reflection of that loyalty which the colonists had now thrown off
+forever. They had accepted the maxim, that, when a subject draws his sword
+against his king, he should throw away the scabbard.
+
+Such acts are not to be referred to the fickleness of popular favor which
+Horace Walpole has moralized upon, or which the poet satirizes in the
+lines,--
+
+  "Vernon, the Butcher Cumberland, Wolfe, Hawke,
+   Prince Ferdinand, Granby, Burgoyne, Keppell, Howe,
+   Evil and good have had their tithe of talk,
+   And filled their sign-post then like Wellesly now."
+
+Rather should we credit it to that genuine and impassioned outburst of
+patriotic feeling which, having turned royalty out of doors, indignantly
+tossed its worthless trappings into the street after it.
+
+Not a single specimen of the old-time hostelries now remains in Boston.
+All is changed. The demon demolition is everywhere. Does not this very
+want of permanence suggest, with much force, the need of perpetuating a
+noted house or site by some appropriate memorial? It is true that a
+beginning has been made in this direction, but much more remains to be
+done. In this way, a great deal of curious and valuable information may be
+picked up in the streets, as all who run may read. It has been noticed
+that very few pass by such memorials without stopping to read the
+inscriptions. Certainly, no more popular method of teaching history could
+well be devised. This being done, on a liberal scale, the city would
+still hold its antique flavor through the records everywhere displayed on
+the walls of its buildings, and we should have a home application of the
+couplet:
+
+  "Oh, but a wit can study in the streets,
+   And raise his mind above the mob he meets."
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+BOSTON TAVERNS TO THE YEAR 1800.
+
+
+The =Anchor=, or =Blue Anchor=. Robert Turner, vintner, came into
+possession of the estate (Richard Fairbanks's) in 1652, died in 1664, and
+was succeeded in the business by his son John, who continued it till his
+own death in 1681; Turner's widow married George Monck, or Monk, who kept
+the _Anchor_ until his decease in 1698; his widow carried on the business
+till 1703, when the estate probably ceased to be a tavern. The house was
+destroyed in the great fire of 1711. The old and new Globe buildings stand
+on the site. [See communication of William R. Bagnall in _Boston Daily
+Globe_ of April 2, 1885.] Committees of the General Court used to meet
+here. (Hutchinson Coll., 345, 347.)
+
+=Admiral Vernon=, or =Vernon's Head=, corner of State Street and
+Merchants' Row. In 1743, Peter Faneuil's warehouse was opposite. Richard
+Smith kept it in 1745, Mary Bean in 1775; its sign was a portrait of the
+admiral.
+
+=American Coffee-House.= See _British Coffee-House_.
+
+=Black Horse=, in Prince Street, formerly Black Horse Lane, so named from
+the tavern as early as 1698.
+
+=Brazen-Head.= In Old Cornhill. Though not a tavern, memorable as the
+place where the Great Fire of 1760 originated.
+
+=Bull=, lower end of Summer Street, north side; demolished 1833 to make
+room "for the new street from Sea to Broad," formerly Flounder Lane, now
+Atlantic Avenue. It was then a very old building. Bull's Wharf and Lane
+named for it.
+
+=British Coffee-House=, mentioned in 1762. John Ballard kept it. Cord
+Cordis, in 1771.
+
+=Bunch of Grapes.= Kept by Francis Holmes, 1712; William Coffin, 1731-33;
+Edward Lutwych, 1733; Joshua Barker, 1749; William Wetherhead, 1750;
+Rebecca Coffin, 1760; Joseph Ingersoll, 1764-72. [In 1768 Ingersoll also
+had a wine-cellar next door.] Captain John Marston was landlord 1775-78;
+William Foster, 1782; Colonel Dudley Colman, 1783; James Vila, 1789, in
+which year he removed to Concert Hall; Thomas Lobdell, 1789. Trinity
+Church was organized in this house. It was often described as being at the
+head of Long Wharf.
+
+=Castle Tavern=, afterward the =George Tavern=. Northeast by Wing's Lane
+(Elm Street), front or southeast by Dock Square. For an account of
+Hudson's marital troubles, see Winthrop's _New England_, II. 249. Another
+house of the same name is mentioned in 1675 and 1693. A still earlier name
+was the "Blew Bell," 1673. It was in Mackerel Lane (Kilby Street), corner
+of Liberty Square.
+
+=Cole's Inn.= See the referred-to deed in _Proc. Am. Ant. Soc._, VII. p.
+51. For the episode of Lord Leigh consult _Old Landmarks of Boston_, p.
+109.
+
+=Cromwell's Head=, by Anthony Brackett, 1760; by his widow, 1764-68; later
+by Joshua Brackett. A two-story wooden house advertised to be sold, 1802.
+
+=Crown Coffee-House.= First house on Long Wharf. Thomas Selby kept it
+1718-24; Widow Anna Swords, 1749; then the property of Governor Belcher;
+Belcher sold to Richard Smith, innholder, who in 1751 sold to Robert
+Sherlock.
+
+=Crown Tavern.= Widow Day's, head of Clark's Wharf; rendezvous for
+privateersmen in 1745.
+
+[Illustration: THE CROWN COFFEE HOUSE (Site of Fidelity Trust Building)]
+
+=Cross Tavern=, corner of Cross and Ann Streets, 1732; Samuel Mattocks
+advertises, 1729, two young bears "very tame" for sale at the _Sign of the
+Cross_. Cross Street takes its name from the tavern. Perhaps the same as
+the =Red Cross=, in Ann Street, mentioned in 1746, and then kept by John
+Osborn. Men who had enlisted for the Canada expedition were ordered to
+report there.
+
+=Dog and Pot=, at the head of Bartlett's Wharf in Ann (North) Street, or,
+as then described, Fish Street. Bartlett's Wharf was in 1722 next
+northeast of Lee's shipyard.
+
+=Concert Hall= was not at first a public house, but was built for, and
+mostly used as, a place for giving musical entertainments, balls, parties,
+etc., though refreshments were probably served in it by the lessee. A
+"concert of musick" was advertised to be given there as early as 1755.
+(See _Landmarks of Boston_.) Thomas Turner had a dancing and fencing
+academy there in 1776. As has been mentioned, James Vila took charge of
+Concert Hall in 1789. The old hall, which formed the second story, was
+high enough to be divided into two stories when the building was altered
+by later owners. It was of brick, and had two ornamental scrolls on the
+front, which were removed when the alterations were made.
+
+=Great Britain Coffee-House=, Ann Street, 1715. The house of Mr. Daniel
+Stevens, Ann Street, near the drawbridge. There was another house of the
+same name in Queen (Court) Street, near the Exchange, in 1713, where
+"superfine bohea, and green tea, chocolate, coffee-powder, etc.," were
+advertised.
+
+=George=, or =St. George, Tavern=, on the Neck, near Roxbury line. (See
+_Landmarks of Boston_.) Noted as early as 1721. Simon Rogers kept it
+1730-34. In 1769 Edward Bardin took it and changed the name to the =King's
+Arms=. Thomas Brackett was landlord in 1770. Samuel Mears, later. During
+the siege of 1775 the tavern was burnt by the British, as it covered our
+advanced line. It was known at that time by its old name of the _George_.
+
+=Golden Ball.= Loring's Tavern, Merchants' Row, corner of Corn Court,
+1777. Kept by Mrs. Loring in 1789.
+
+=General Wolfe=, Town Dock, north side of Faneuil Hall, 1768. Elizabeth
+Coleman offers for sale utensils of Brew-House, etc., 1773.
+
+=Green Dragon=, also _Freemason's Arms_. By Richard Pullin, 1712; by Mr.
+Pattoun, 1715; Joseph Kilder, 1734, who came from the =Three Cranes=,
+Charlestown. John Cary was licensed to keep it in 1769; Benjamin Burdick,
+1771, when it became the place of meeting of the Revolutionary Club. St.
+Andrews Lodge of Freemasons bought the building before the Revolution, and
+continued to own it for more than a century. See p. 46.
+
+=Hancock House=, Corn Court; sign has Governor Hancock's portrait,--a
+wretched daub; said to have been the house in which Louis Philippe lodged
+during his short stay in Boston.
+
+=Hat and Helmet=, by Daniel Jones; less than a quarter of a mile south of
+the Town-House.
+
+=Indian Queen=, =Blue Bell=, and ---- stood on the site of the Parker
+Block, Washington Street, formerly Marlborough Street. Nathaniel Bishop
+kept it in 1673. After stages begun running into the country, this house,
+then kept by Zadock Pomeroy, was a regular starting-place for the Concord,
+Groton, and Leominster stages. It was succeeded by the =Washington
+Coffee-House=. The =Indian Queen=, in Bromfield Street, was another noted
+stage-house, though not of so early date. Isaac Trask, Nabby, his widow,
+Simeon Boyden, and Preston Shepard kept it. The =Bromfield House=
+succeeded it, on the Methodist Book Concern site.
+
+[Illustration:
+
+  _Daniel Jones of Boston_,
+  Hereby informs his Customers and others that he has
+  Opened a TAVERN in Newbury-Street,
+  at the Sign of the HAT and HELMET, which is less
+  than a Quarter of a Mile South of the Town-House:
+  Where Gentlemen Travellers and others will be kind-
+  ly entertained, and good Care taken of their Horses.
+
+  He hath Accommodation for private and Fire-
+  Clubs, and will engage to furnish with good Liquors
+  and Attendance: Coffee to be had when called for, &c.
+
+  The House to be supplied with the News-Papers for
+  the Amusement of his Customers.
+
+  N. B. Knapp'd and plain Bever and Beveret Hats,
+  in the newest Taste, made and sold by said JONES.
+
+BOSTON NEWS-LETTER, FEB. 15, 1770]
+
+[Illustration:
+
+  _STAGES._
+
+  The public are informed, that the Of-
+  fice of the New-York Mail, and Old Line Stages, is re-
+  oved from State-street, to Najor KING'S tavern near the
+  Market, which they will leave at 8 o'clock, A. M. every
+  day (Sundays excepted). Also, Albany Stage Office is kept
+  at the same place. The Stage will leave it every Monday
+  and Thursday at 8 o'clock, A M.
+
+  The apartment in State-Street, lately occupied for the
+  above purpose, is to be let. Apply to Major KING.
+
+  December 11
+
+COLUMBIAN CENTINEL. DEC. 11, 1799]
+
+[Illustration:
+
+  _New-York_ and _Providence Mail_
+  STAGES,
+
+  Leave Major Hatches, Royal Ex-
+  change Coffee House, in State-Street, every morning
+  at 8 o'clock, arrive at Providence at 6 the same day; leave
+  Providence at 4 o'clock, for New-York, Tuesdays, Thurs-
+  days and Saturdays. Stage Book kept at the bar for the en-
+  trance of the names. Expresses forwarded to any part of the
+  continent at the shortest notice, on reasonable terms; horses
+  kept ready for that purpose only. All favors gratefully ac-
+  knowledged by the Public's most humble servant.
+
+  _Jan 1._      STEPHEN FULLER, jun.
+
+COLUMBIAN CENTINEL, JAN. 1, 1800]
+
+[Illustration: JULIEN HOUSE.]
+
+=Julien's Restorator=, corner of Congress and Milk streets. One of the
+most ancient buildings in Boston, when taken down in 1824, it having
+escaped the great fire of 1759. It stood in a grass-plot, fenced in from
+the street. It was a private dwelling until 1794. Then Jean Baptiste
+Julien opened in it the first public eating-house to be established in
+Boston, with the distinctive title of "Restorator,"--a crude attempt to
+turn the French word _restaurant_ into English. Before this time such
+places had always been called cook-shops. Julien was a Frenchman, who,
+like many of his countrymen, took refuge in America during the Reign of
+Terror. His soups soon became famous among the gourmands of the town,
+while the novelty of his _cuisine_ attracted custom. He was familiarly
+nicknamed the "Prince of Soups." At Julien's death, in 1805, his widow
+succeeded him in the business, she carrying it on successfully for ten
+years. The following lines were addressed to her successor, Frederick
+Rouillard:
+
+JULIEN'S RESTORATOR.
+
+  I knew by the glow that so rosily shone
+    Upon Frederick's cheeks, that he lived on good cheer;
+  And I said, "If there's steaks to be had in the town,
+    The man who loves venison should look for them here."
+
+  'Twas two; and the dinners were smoking around,
+    The cits hastened home at the savory smell,
+  And so still was the street that I heard not a sound
+    But the barkeeper ringing the _Coffee-House_ bell.
+
+  "And here in the cosy _Old Club_,"[4] I exclaimed,
+    "With a steak that was tender, and Frederick's best wine,
+  While under my platter a spirit-blaze flamed,
+    How long could I sit, and how well could I dine!
+
+  "By the side of my venison a tumbler of beer
+    Or a bottle of sherry how pleasant to see,
+  And to know that I dined on the best of the deer,
+    That never was _dearer_ to any than me!"
+
+=King's Head=, by Scarlet's Wharf (northwest corner Fleet and North
+streets); burnt 1691, and rebuilt. Fleet Street was formerly Scarlet's
+Wharf Lane. Kept by James Davenport, 1755, and probably, also, by his
+widow. "A maiden _dwarf_, fifty-two years old," and only twenty-two inches
+high, was "to be seen at Widow Bignall's," next door to the =King's Head=,
+in August, 1771. The old _King's Head_, in Chancery Lane, London, was the
+rendezvous of Titus Oates' party. Cowley the poet was born in it.
+
+=Lamb.= The sign is mentioned as early as 1746. Colonel Doty kept it in
+1760. The first stage-coach to Providence put up at this house. The Adams
+House is on the same site, named for Laban Adams, who had kept the _Lamb_.
+
+=Lion=, formerly =Grand Turk=. In Newbury, now Washington, Street. (See
+_Landmarks of Boston_.) Kept by Israel Hatch in 1789.
+
+=Light-House and Anchor=, at the North End, in 1763. Robert Whatley then
+kept it. A Light-house tavern is noted in King Street, opposite the
+Town-House, 1718.
+
+=Orange Tree=, head of Hanover Street, 1708. Jonathan Wardwell kept it in
+1712; Mrs. Wardwell in 1724; still a tavern in 1785. Wardwell set up here
+the first hackney-coach stand in Boston.
+
+=Philadelphia=, or =North End Coffee-House=, opposite the head of
+Hancock's Wharf. Kept by David Porter, father of the old Commodore and
+grandfather of the present Admiral. "Lodges, clubs, societies, etc., may
+be provided with dinners and suppers,--small and retired rooms for small
+company,--oyster suppers in the nicest manner." Formerly kept by Bennet.
+Occupied, 1789, by Robert Wyre, distiller.
+
+=Punch Bowl=, Dock Square, kept by Mrs. Baker, 1789.
+
+=Queen's Head.= In 1732 Joshua Pierce, innholder, is allowed to remove his
+license from the sign of the =Logwood Tree=, in Lynn Street, to the
+_Queen's Head_, near Scarlet's Wharf, where Anthony Young last dwelt.
+
+=Roebuck=, north side of Town Dock (North Market Street). A house of bad
+repute, in which Henry Phillips killed Gaspard Dennegri, and was hanged
+for it in 1817. Roebuck passage, the alley-way through to Ann Street,
+took its name from the tavern. It is now included in the extension
+northward of Merchants' Row.
+
+=Rose and Crown=, near the fortification at Boston Neck. To be let January
+25, 1728: "enquire of Gillam Phillips." This may be the house represented
+on Bonner's map of 1722.
+
+=Red Lion=, North Street, corner of Richmond. Noticed as early as 1654 and
+as late as 1766. John Buchanan, baker, kept near it in 1712.
+
+=Royal Exchange=, State Street, corner Exchange. An antique two-story
+brick building. Noticed under this name, 1711, then kept by Benjamin
+Johns; in 1727, and also, in 1747, by Luke Vardy. Stone kept it in 1768.
+Mrs. Mary Clapham boarded many British officers, and had several pretty
+daughters, one of whom eloped with an officer. The site of the Boston
+Massacre has been marked by a bronze tablet placed on the wall of the
+Merchants' Bank, opposite a wheel-line arrangement of the paving, denoting
+where the first blood of the Revolution was shed. It was the custom to
+exhibit transparencies on every anniversary of the Massacre from the front
+of this house. The first stage-coach ever run on the road from Boston to
+New York was started September 7, 1772, by Nicholas Brown, from this
+house, "to go once in every fourteen days." Israel Hatch kept it in 1800,
+as a regular stopping-place for the Providence stages, of which he was
+proprietor; but upon the completion of the turnpike he removed to
+Attleborough.
+
+=Salutation=, North Street, corner Salutation. See p. 45. Noticed in 1708;
+Samuel Green kept it in 1731; William Campbell, who died suddenly in a
+fit, January 18, 1773.
+
+=Seven Stars=, in Summer Street, gave the name of Seven Star Lane to that
+street. Said to have stood on part of the old Trinity Church lot. "Near
+the Haymarket" 1771, then kept by Jonathan Patten.
+
+[Illustration: THE SUN TAVERN (Dock Square)]
+
+=Shakespeare=, Water Street, second house below Devonshire; kept by Mrs.
+Baker.
+
+=Ship=, corner Clark and North streets; kept by John Vyall, 1666-67;
+frequently called Noah's Ark.
+
+=Ship in Distress=, vicinity of North Square.
+
+=Star=, in Hanover Street, corner Link Alley, 1704. Link Alley was the
+name given to that part of Union Street west of Hanover. Stephen North
+kept it in 1712-14. It belonged to Lieutenant-Governor Stoughton.
+
+=State's Arms=, also =King's Arms=. Colonel Henry Shrimpton bequeathed it
+to his daughter Sarah, 1666. Hugh Gunnison sold it to Shrimpton in 1651,
+the tavern being then the =King's Arms=.
+
+=Sun.= This seems to have been a favorite emblem, as there were several
+houses of the name. The _Sun_ in Batterymarch Street was the residence of
+Benjamin Hallowell, a loyalist, before it became a tavern. The estate was
+confiscated. General Henry Dearborn occupied it at one time. The sign bore
+a gilded sun, with rays, with this inscription:
+
+  "The best Ale and Porter
+       Under the Sun."
+
+Upon the conversion of the inn into a store the sign of the sun was
+transferred to a house in _Moon_ Street. The =Sun= in Dock Square, corner
+of Corn Court, was earlier, going back to 1724, kept by Samuel Mears, who
+was "lately deceased" in 1727. It was finally turned into a grocery store,
+kept first by George Murdock, and then by his successor, Wellington. A
+third house of this name was in Cornhill (Washington Street), in 1755.
+Captain James Day kept it. There was still another =Sun=, near Boston
+Stone, kept by Joseph Jackson in 1785.
+
+=Swan=, in Fish, now North Street, "by Scarlett's Wharf," 1708. There was
+another at the South End, "nearly opposite Arnold Welles'," in 1784.
+
+=Three Horse-Shoes=, "in the street leading up to the Common," probably
+Tremont Street. Kept by Mrs. Glover, who died about 1744. William Clears
+kept it in 1775.
+
+=White Horse=, a few rods south of the _Lamb_. It had a white horse
+painted on the signboard. Kept by Joseph Morton, 1760, who was still
+landlord in 1772. Israel Hatch, the ubiquitous, took it in 1787, on his
+arrival from Attleborough. His announcement is unique. (See _Landmarks of
+Boston_, pp. 392, 393.)
+
+[Illustration:
+
+  Jolley Allen,
+
+  Advertises all his good old Friends,
+  Customers and others,
+
+  That he has again opened Shop, opposite to the
+  Three Doves in Marlborough-Street, Boston:
+  And has for Sale, at the lowest Prices, the fol-
+  lowing Articles;
+
+  Muscovado Sugars of various Sorts
+  and Prices, single, middle and double refined
+  English Loaf Sugars, lately imported, Pepper,
+  Bohea Tea, Coffee, Spices of all Sorts, Indigo,
+  Raisins, Currants, Starch, Ginger, Copperas,
+  Allum, Pipes of all Sorts, best Durham Flour
+  of Mustard, and most other Kinds of Groceries
+  too many to enumerate, which he will sell from
+  the largest to the smallest Quantities.--Likewise
+  a very large and compleat Assortment of Liver-
+  pool and Staffordshire Ware, which he will
+  engage to sell by the Crate, or single Piece, as
+  low as any Store in Town.--Playing Cards,
+  Wool Cards, Seive Bottoms, a few Pieces of
+  Oznabrigs and Ticklenburgs, N{o}.4 and N{o}.12.
+  Pins, a few Pieces of Sooses, Damasks, Sterrets,
+  Loretto's, Burdetts, Brunswicks, Mozeens,
+  for Summer Waistcoats, &c. &c. &c.
+
+  Also, at said Allen's may be had, genteel
+  Boarding and Lodging for six or eight Persons
+  if should be wanted, for a longer or shorter Season,
+  likewise good Stabling for ten Horses and Car-
+  riages.
+
+  N. B. If any Person inclines to hire the above
+  Stable, and Place for Carriages, they may have
+  a Lease of the same for 19 Years or less Time
+  from the said Allen, and if wanted, on the same
+  Premises can be spared, Room for forty or fifty
+  Horses and Carriages: It is as good a Place for
+  Horse and Chaise Letting as any in Boston.
+
+BOSTON NEWS-LETTER, MAY 27, 1773]
+
+
+
+
+  COLE'S INN
+
+  THE BAKERS' ARMS
+
+  THE GOLDEN BALL TAVERN
+
+  BY WALTER K. WATKINS
+
+  AND
+
+  THE HANCOCK TAVERN
+
+  BY E. W. McGLENEN
+
+
+
+
+VI.
+
+SAMUEL COLE'S INN.
+
+
+Samuel Cole came to Boston in the fleet with Governor Winthrop, and he
+with his wife Ann were the fortieth and forty-first on the list of
+original members of the First Church. He requested to become a freeman
+October 19, 1630, and was sworn May 18, 1631. He was the ninth to sign the
+roll of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company in 1637 and in the
+same year was disarmed for his religious views. In 1636 he contributed to
+the maintenance of a free school and in 1656 to the building of the town
+house. In 1652 he was one of those chosen to receive monies for Harvard
+College. In 1634 he opened the first ordinary, or inn. It was situated on
+Washington Street, nearly opposite the head of Water Street. Here, in
+1636, Sir Henry Vane, the governor, entertained Miantonomo and two of
+Canonicus's sons, with other chiefs. While the four sachems dined at the
+Governor's house, which stood near the entrance to Pemberton Square, the
+chiefs, some twenty in all, dined at _Cole's Inn_. At this time a treaty
+of peace was concluded here between the English and the Narragansetts.
+
+In 1637, in the month of June, there sailed into Boston Harbor the ship
+_Hector_, from London, with the Rev. John Davenport and two London
+merchants, Theophilus Eaton and Edward Hopkins, his son-in-law, two future
+governors of Connecticut. On the same vessel was a young man, a ward of
+King Charles I., James, Lord Ley, a son of the Earl of Marlborough (who
+had just died). He was also to hold high positions in the future and
+attain fame as a mathematician and navigator.
+
+The Earl of Marlborough, while in Boston, was at _Cole's Inn_, and while
+he was here was of sober carriage and observant of the country which he
+came to view. He consorted frequently with Sir Henry Vane, visiting with
+him Maverick, at Noddle's Island, and returning to England with Vane in
+August, 1637.
+
+His estate in England was a small one in Teffont Evias, or Ewyas, Wilts,
+near Hinton Station, and in the church there may still be seen the tombs
+of the Leys. He also had a reversion to lands in Heywood, Wilts.
+
+In 1649 he compounded with Parliament for his lands and giving bond was
+allowed to depart from England to the plantations in America.
+
+On the restoration of Charles II. in 1661, the Earl returned to England
+and in the next year was assisted by the King to fit out an expedition to
+the West Indies. In 1665 he commanded "that huge ship," the _Old James_,
+and in the great victorious sea fight of June 3 with the Dutch was slain,
+with Rear Admiral Sansum, Lords Portland, Muskerry, and others.
+
+He died without issue and the title went to his uncle, in whom the title
+became extinct, to be revived later in the more celebrated Duke, of the
+Churchill family.
+
+It was shortly after the Earl's departure that Cole was disarmed for his
+sympathy for his neighbor on the south, Mrs. Ann Hutchinson, and he was
+also fined at the same time for disorders at his house. In the following
+spring he was given permission to sell his house, to which he had just
+built an addition, and he disposed of it to Capt. Robert Sedgwick in
+February, 1638.
+
+Cole then removed to a house erroneously noted by some as the first inn,
+situated next his son-in-law, Edmund Grosse, near the shore on North
+Street. This he sold in 1645 to George Halsall and bought other land of
+Valentine Hill.
+
+[Illustration: THE BAKERS' ARMS]
+
+
+
+
+VII.
+
+THE BAKERS' ARMS.
+
+PREDECESSOR OF THE GREEN DRAGON.
+
+
+Thomas Hawkins, biscuit baker, and a brother of James Hawkins, bricklayer,
+was born in England in 1608. He was a proprietor in Boston in 1636; his
+wife Hannah was admitted to the church there in 1641, and that year his
+son Abraham, born in 1637, was baptized. His home lot was on the west side
+of Washington Street, the second north of Court Street. He also had one
+quarter of an acre near the Mill Cove, and a house bought in 1645 from
+John Trotman.
+
+In 1662 James Johnson, glover, sold three quarters of an acre of marsh and
+upland, bounded on the north and east by the Mill Cove, to Hawkins. The
+latter was living by the Mill Cove by this time in a house built in 1649,
+and beside keeping his bake house he kept a cook shop, and also
+entertained with refreshments his customers by serving beer. A mortgage of
+the property, in 1663, to Simon Lynde discloses, besides the dwelling and
+bake house, a stable, brew house, outhouses, and three garden plots on the
+upland. In 1667 Hawkins was furnished £200 by the Rev. Thomas Thacher to
+cancel this mortgage. The property extended from the Mill Pond to Hanover
+Street, and was bounded north by Union Street, and was 280 feet by 104
+feet--about two thirds of an acre in area.
+
+Thacher had married Margaret, widow of Jacob Sheafe and daughter of Henry
+Webb, a wealthy merchant. Mrs. Sheafe had a daughter, Mehitabel, who
+married her cousin, Sampson Sheafe. Mr. Thacher assigned the mortgage to
+Sampson Sheafe, and on 31 October, 1670, the time of payment having
+expired, Sheafe obtained judgment for possession of the property, which
+had become known as the "Bakers' Arms," which Hawkins had kept since 1665
+as a house of entertainment.
+
+Hawkins had married a second wife, and in January, 1671, Rebecca Hawkins
+deeded her rights in the property to Sheafe. 15 May, 1672, Hawkins
+petitioned the General Court, and complained that he had been turned out
+of doors and his household property seized by Sheafe; that his houses and
+land were worth £800, and that Sheafe had only advanced £175. He asked for
+an appraisement, and the prayer of the petitioner was allowed.
+
+In 1673 Hawkins sued Sheafe in the County Court for selling some brewing
+utensils, a pump, sign, ladder, cooler and mash fat (wooden vessel
+containing eight bushels) taken from the brew house. He also objected to
+items in Sheafe's account against him, such as "Goodman Drury's shingling
+the house and Goodman Cooper whitening it." At this time we find two
+dwelling houses on the lot. The easterly house Sheafe sold in May, 1673,
+to John Howlet, and this became known as the Star Tavern.
+
+On 10 April, 1673, Sampson Sheafe sold to William Stoughton the west
+portion of the Hawkins property.
+
+In 1678 Mrs. Hawkins petitioned the General Court in the matter, and also
+the town to sell wine and strong water, on account of the weak condition
+of her husband and his necessity. 11 June, 1680, the General Court allowed
+her eleven pounds in clear of all claims and incumbrances. Hawkins having
+died, she had married, 4 June, 1680, John Stebbins, a baker. Stebbins died
+4 December, 1681, aged 70, and the widow Rebecca Stebbins was licensed as
+an innkeeper in 1690.
+
+In 1699 the widow Stebbins, then 77 years old, testified as to her husband
+Thomas Hawkins having the south-east corner or sea end of half a warehouse
+at the Draw Bridge foot, which he purchased from Joshua Scotto and which
+Hawkins sold in 1657 to Edward Tyng. That Hawkins had used it for the
+landing and housing of corn for his trade as a baker. That he had bought
+the sea end for the convenience of vessels to land. It is probable the
+portion sold to Stoughton had but a frontage of two hundred and four feet
+on Union Street. Sheafe had torn down part of the building and made
+repairs, and had as tenant of the "Bakers' Arms" Nicholas Wilmot. Wilmot
+came to Boston about 1650. In 1674 he was allowed by the town to sell beer
+and give entertainment, and in 1682 he was licensed as an innholder.
+
+By his wife Mary he had Elizabeth, who married (1) Caleb Rawlins, an
+innkeeper, who died in 1693, and (2) Richard Newland; Abigail, who married
+Abraham Adams, an innkeeper; Hannah, who married Nathaniel Adams of
+Charlestown, blockmaker; Mary, who married John Alger; and Ann, the
+youngest, who married Joseph Allen. There were also two sons, Samuel and
+John Wilmot. Nicholas Wilmot died in 1684, and his widow in a very short
+time married Abraham Smith, to assist in carrying on the tavern.
+
+The tavern, even at this time, was of some size, and additions had perhaps
+been built by Stoughton. The rooms were designated by names, as in the
+taverns of Old England. In the chamber called the "Cross Keys" met the
+Scots Charitable Society, a benefit society for the residents of Scottish
+birth and sojourners from Scotland, two of the officers keeping each a key
+of the money box. The most noted of the chambers was that of the "Green
+Dragon," which at about this time gave the name of "Green Dragon" to the
+tavern. There were also the "Anchor," the "Castle," the "Sun," and the
+"Rose" chambers, which were also the names of other taverns in the town at
+that period. One cold December night in 1690, just after midnight, a fire
+occurred in the "Green Dragon," and it was burnt to the ground and very
+little of its contents saved. Snow on the houses in the vicinity was the
+means of preventing the spread of the flames, with the fact that there was
+no wind at the time. Within a year or two the tavern was rebuilt by
+Stoughton and again occupied by Abraham Smith, who died in 1696, leaving
+an estate of £273: 19: 5. His widow, Mary Smith, died shortly after her
+husband. In her will she freed her negro women Sue and Maria, and the
+deeds of manumission are recorded in the Suffolk Deeds.
+
+
+
+
+VIII.
+
+THE GOLDEN BALL TAVERN.
+
+
+In the manuscript collections of the Bostonian Society is a plan showing
+the earliest owners of the land bordering on the Corn Market. On the site
+now the south corner of Faneuil Hall Square and Merchants' Row is noted
+the possession of Edward Tyng. Another manuscript of the Society, equally
+unique, is an apprentice indenture of Robert Orchard in 1662. In the
+account of Orchard, printed in the _Publications of the Society_, Vol. IV,
+is given the continued history of Tyng's land after it came into the
+possession of Theodore Atkinson. In the history of the sign of the _Golden
+Ball Tavern_ we continue the story of the same plot of land.
+
+Originally owned by Edward Tyng, and later by Theodore Atkinson, and then
+by the purchase of the property by Henry Deering, who married the widow of
+Atkinson's son Theodore. All this was told in the Orchard article.
+
+It was about 1700 that Henry Deering erected on his land on the north side
+of a passage leading from Merchants' Row, on its west side, a building
+which was soon occupied as a tavern. Samuel Tyley, who had kept the _Star_
+in 1699, the _Green Dragon_ in 1701, and later the _Salutation_ at the
+North End, left this last tavern in 1711 to take Mr. Deering's house in
+Merchants' Row, the _Golden Ball_.
+
+[Illustration: SIGN OF THE BUNCH OF GRAPES
+
+Now in the Masonic Temple]
+
+[Illustration: SIGN OF THE GOLDEN BALL
+
+Now in the possession of the Bostonian Society]
+
+Henry Deering died in 1717, and was buried with his wife on the same day.
+He had been a man greatly interested in public affairs. In 1707 he had
+proposed the erection of a building for the custody of the town's records;
+at the same time he proposed a wharf at the foot of the street, now State
+Street, then extending only as far as Merchants' Row. This was soon built
+as "Boston Pier" or "Long Wharf." He also presented a memorial for the
+"Preventing Disolation by Fire" in the town.
+
+In the division of Deering's estate in 1720 the dwelling house in the
+occupation of Samuel Tyley, known by the name of the _Golden Ball_, with
+privilege in the passage on the south and in the well, was given his
+daughter Mary, the wife of William Wilson. Mrs. Wilson, in her will drawn
+up in 1729, then a widow, devised the house to her namesake and niece,
+Mary, daughter of her brother, Capt. Henry Deering. At the time of Mrs.
+Wilson's death in 1753 her niece was the wife of John Gooch, whom she
+married in 1736. Samuel Tyley died in 1722, while still the landlord of
+the _Golden Ball_.
+
+The next landlord of whom we have knowledge was William Patten, who had
+taken the _Green Dragon_ in 1714. In 1733 he was host at the _Golden
+Ball_, where he stayed till 1736, when he took the inn on West Street,
+opposite the schoolhouse, and next to the estate later known as the
+_Washington Gardens_.
+
+He was succeeded by Humphrey Scarlett, who died January 4, 1739-40, aged
+forty-six, and is buried on Copp's Hill with his first wife Mehitable
+(Pierce) Scarlett. He married as a second wife Mary Wentworth. By the
+first wife he had a daughter Mary (b. 1719), who married Jedediah Lincoln,
+Jr., and by the second wife a son named Humphrey. When the son was a year
+old, in 1735, two negro servants of Scarlett, by name Yaw and Caesar, were
+indicted for attempting to poison the family one morning at breakfast, by
+putting ratsbane or arsenic in the chocolate. Four months after Scarlett's
+death his widow married William Ireland.
+
+Richard Gridley, born in Boston in 1710, was apprenticed to Theodore
+Atkinson, merchant, and later became a gauger. In 1735 he kept a tavern on
+Common Street, now Tremont Street. Here by order of the General Court he
+entertained four Indians, chiefs of the Pigwacket tribe, at an expense of
+£40 "for drinks, tobacco, victuals, and dressing." Five pounds of this was
+for extra trouble. The Committee thought the charges extravagant and cut
+him down to £33 for their entertainment from June 28 to July 9. In 1738 he
+took the _Golden Ball_. His fame in later years, at Louisburg and
+elsewhere, as an engineer and artillery officer is well known.
+
+Gridley was followed as landlord in 1740 by Increase Blake. He was born in
+Dorchester in 1699 and married Anne, daughter of Edward and Susanna
+(Harrison) Gray. Her parents are noted in Boston history for their
+ownership of the rope-walks at Fort Hill. Blake, a tinplate worker, held
+the office of sealer of weights and measures, and in 1737 leased a shop
+of the town at the head of the Town Dock. He later lived near Battery
+March, and was burned out in the fire of 1760.
+
+In 1715 there was born in Salem John Marston. He married in 1740 Hannah
+Welland, and by her had three daughters. In 1745, at the first siege of
+Louisburg, he was a first lieutenant in the fifth company, commanded by
+Capt. Charles King, in Colonel Jeremiah Moulton's regiment. His wife
+having died, he married her sister, Mrs. Elizabeth (Welland) Blake. His
+second wife died, and he married in 1755 Elizabeth Greenwood. He was
+landlord at the _Golden Ball_ as early as 1757. In 1760 he purchased a
+house on the southwest corner of Hanover and Cross streets, and later
+other property on Copp's Hill. He is said to have been a member of the
+"Boston Tea Party." During the Revolution he was known as "Captain"
+Marston, and attended to military matters in Boston, supplying muskets to
+the townspeople as a committeeman of the town. He continued to keep a
+house of entertainment and went to the _Bunch of Grapes_ in 1775. There he
+was cautioned in 1778 for allowing gaming in his house, such as playing
+backgammon. He died in August, 1786, while keeping the _Bunch of Grapes_
+on King, now State Street, and there he was succeeded by his widow in
+retailing liquors. He left an estate valued at £2000.
+
+Benjamin Loring, born in Hingham in 1736, married Sarah Smith in Boston in
+1771. During the Revolution he kept the _Golden Ball_. He died in the
+spring of 1782, and his widow succeeded him and kept the tavern till her
+death in 1790.
+
+From the inventory of her estate it appears that the house consisted, on
+the ground floor, of a large front room and small front room, the bar and
+kitchen, and closets in the entry. A front and a back chamber, front upper
+chamber, and another upper chamber and garret completed the list of rooms.
+On the shelves of the bar rested large and small china bowls for punch,
+decanters for wine, tumblers, wine glasses, and case bottles. There also
+was found a small sieve and lemon squeezer, with a Bible, Psalm, and
+Prayer Books. On the wall of the front chamber hung an old Highland sword.
+
+The cash on hand at the widow's death consisted of 4 English shillings, 20
+New England shillings, 10 English sixpences, a French crown, a piece of
+Spanish money, half a guinea, and bank notes to the value of £4: 10. In
+one of the chambers was 8483 Continental paper money, of no appraised
+value.
+
+Benjamin Loring, at his death, left his share of one half a house in
+Hingham to be improved for his wife during her life, then to his sisters,
+Abigail and Elizabeth, and ultimately to go to Benjamin, the son of his
+brother Joseph Loring of Hingham. The younger Benjamin became a citizen of
+Boston, a captain of the "Ancients," and a colonel in the militia. He
+started in business as a bookbinder and later was a stationer and a
+manufacturer of blank books, leaving quite a fortune at his death in 1859.
+His portrait is displayed in the Armory of the Artillery Company. A
+portrait of the elder Loring (the landlord of the _Golden Ball_) shows
+him with a comely face and wearing a tie-wig.
+
+The Columbian _Centinel_ of December 3, 1794, had the following
+advertisement:
+
+    For sale, if applied for immediately, The Noted Tavern in the Street
+    leading from the Market to State street known by the name of the
+    Golden Ball. It has been improved as a tavern for a number of years,
+    and is an excellent stand for a store. Inquire of Ebenezer Storer, in
+    Sudbury Street.
+
+Mr. Storer acted as the agent of Mary, wife of the Rev. Benjamin Gerrish
+Gray, of Windsor, N. S., who was the heiress of Mary Gooch, who resided at
+Marshfield, Mass., at the time of her death. Mr. Gray was a son of Joseph
+Gray of Boston and Halifax, N. S., a loyalist. Mary, the heiress, was a
+daughter of Nathaniel Ray Thomas, a loyalist of Marshfield, who had
+married Sally Deering, a sister of Mary Gooch of Marshfield.
+
+The property was sold by Mrs. Gray, June 9, 1795, to James Tisdale, a
+merchant, who bought also adjoining lots. It was at this time that the
+_Golden Ball_ disappeared from Merchants' Row, where it had hung as a
+landmark for about a century. Tisdale soon sold his lots to Joseph Blake,
+a merchant, who erected warehouses on the site.
+
+There was still an attraction in the _Golden Ball_, however, and in 1799
+we find it swinging in Wing's Lane, now Elm Street, for Nathan Winship. He
+was the son of Jonathan, and born in Cambridge. In 1790 he was living in
+Roxbury. He died in 1818, leaving a daughter Lucy. He had parted with the
+_Golden Ball_ long before his death.
+
+In 1805 there was erected in South Boston a building by one Garrett
+Murphy. It stood on Fourth Street, between Dorchester Avenue and A Street,
+and here he displayed the _Golden Ball_ for five years, as his hotel sign.
+Just a century ago, in 1810, for want of patronage, it became a private
+residence. About 1840 the hotel was reopened as the South Boston Hotel.
+
+From South Boston the _Golden Ball_ rolled back to Elm Street, and in 1811
+hung at the entrance of Joseph Bradley's Tavern. From this _Golden Ball_
+started the stages for Quebec on Mondays at four in the morning. They
+arrived at Concord, N. H., at seven in the evening. Leaving there at four
+Tuesday morning, they reached Hanover, N. H., at two in the afternoon, and
+continuing on arrived at Haverhill, N. H., near Woodsville, at nine
+Wednesday evening.
+
+The next appearance of the _Golden Ball_ was on Congress Street, where at
+No. 13 was the new tavern of Thomas Murphy in 1816.
+
+Henry Cabot, born 1812, was a painter, and first began business at 2
+Scollay's Building in 1833. He removed to Blackstone Street in 1835, where
+he was located at various numbers till 1858, when he went to North Street.
+He resided in Chelsea from 1846 till his death in 1875. The occupation of
+this owner of the _Golden Ball_ was that of an ornamental sign and
+standard painter. His choice of a sign was not according to the traditions
+of his trade, and did not conform with the painters' arms of the London
+Guild Company, which were placed on the building in Hanover Street by an
+earlier member of that craft. It was no worse choice, however, than a
+sign which some of us may recall as swinging on Washington Street, near
+Dock Square, fifty years ago, "The Sign of the Dying Warrior, N. M.
+Phillips, Sign Painter."
+
+The _Golden Ball_ was the sign anciently hung out in London by the silk
+mercers, and was used by them to the end of the eighteenth century. Mr.
+Cabot's choice of a location to start his business life was more
+appropriate than his sign, as in the block of shops, owned by the town,
+connecting on the west side of the Scollay's Building, had been the paint
+shop of Samuel, brother of Christopher Gore.
+
+
+COFFEE URN USED IN THE GREEN DRAGON.
+
+This interesting relic was given to the Bostonian Society during 1915. It
+is a coffee urn of Sheffield ware, formerly in the _Green Dragon Tavern_,
+which stood on Union Street from 1697 to 1832, and was a famous meeting
+place of the Patriots of the Revolution. It is globular in form and rests
+on a base, and inside is still to be seen the cylindrical piece of iron
+which, when heated, kept the delectable liquid contents of the urn hot
+until imbibed by the frequenters of the tavern. The _Green Dragon Tavern_
+site, now occupied by a business structure, is owned by the St. Andrew's
+Lodge of Free Masons of Boston, and at a recent gathering of the Lodge on
+St. Andrew's Day the urn was exhibited to the assembled brethren.
+
+When the contents of the tavern were sold, the urn was bought by Mrs.
+Elizabeth Harrington, who then kept a famous boarding house on Pearl
+Street, in a building owned by the Quincy family. In 1847 the house was
+razed and replaced by the Quincy Block, and Mrs. Harrington removed to
+High Street and from there to Chauncey Place. Some of the prominent men of
+Boston boarded with her for many years. At her death the urn was given to
+her daughter, Mrs. John R. Bradford, and it has now been presented to the
+Society by Miss Phebe C. Bradford of Boston, granddaughter of Mrs.
+Elizabeth Harrington.
+
+[Illustration: MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF COLE'S INN, WITH WHICH HANCOCK
+TAVERN HAS BEEN CONFOUNDED
+
+Dotted lines indicate the present Williams Court (Pie Alley)]
+
+
+
+
+IX.
+
+THE HANCOCK TAVERN.
+
+
+"As an old landmark the _Hancock Tavern_ is a failure. There was not an
+old window in the house; the nails were Bridgewater nails, the timbers
+were mill-sawed, and the front of it was of face brick, which were not
+made even in 1800. At the time of the Revolution it was merely a four-room
+dwelling house of twelve windows, and the first license ever given to it
+as an inn was in 1790. The building recently demolished was erected during
+the years 1807 to 1812."
+
+With the above words, Edward W. McGlenen, city registrar, effectually
+settled the question June 3, 1903, at a meeting of the New England
+Historic Genealogical Society, as to the widely credited report that it
+was in the _Hancock Tavern_, which for many years stood on Corn Court, the
+members of the Boston Tea Party met, disguised themselves as Indians, and
+from there journeyed to Griffin's Wharf, where they threw overboard the
+obnoxious tea.
+
+It was a special meeting of the society called to hear the report of a
+special committee appointed "to consider the question of the circumstances
+attending the formation and execution of the plans for what is known as
+the Boston Tea Party." This committee was made up of men who for years
+had been students of that very subject, and the result of their researches
+is interesting and conclusive. William C. Bates was chairman, and his
+associates were Edward W. McGlenen, the Rev. Anson Titus, William T.
+Eustis, and Herbert G. Briggs. The members of the society were present in
+large numbers, and Marshall P. Wilder Hall was well filled.
+
+William C. Bates, as chairman of the special committee, spoke of the
+endeavors of himself and colleagues to avoid ground covered by historians.
+He said that places of rendezvous for the "Mohawks" are to some extent
+known, for over half a dozen of the members have left to their descendants
+the story of where they met and costumed themselves. The four Bradlees met
+at their sister's house, corner of Hollis and Tremont streets; Joseph
+Brewer and others at the foot of Summer Street; John Crane in a carpenter
+shop on Tremont Street opposite Hollis; Joseph Shedd and a small party in
+his house on Milk Street, where the Equitable Building now stands; and
+James Swan in his boarding house on Hanover Street. In the testimony of
+the descendants, down to 1850 at least, there was no mention of the
+_Hancock Tavern_. The place of origin of the Tea Party and who first
+proposed it are matters of considerable discussion. Many of the party were
+members of St. Andrew's Lodge of Masons, which owned the _Green Dragon
+Inn_, and the lodge records state that the meeting held on the night of
+the Tea Party had to be adjourned for lack of attendance, "public matters
+being of greater importance."
+
+[Illustration: SHEFFIELD PLATE URN
+
+Used in the Green Dragon Tavern, now in possession of the Bostonian
+Society]
+
+It is not surprising that so much secrecy has been maintained, because of
+the danger of lawsuits by the East Indian Company and others. The members
+of the St. Andrew's Lodge were all young, many under twenty, the majority
+under thirty.
+
+Mr. McGlenen's report as to his investigations was especially interesting,
+settling, as it did, three distinct questions which had been undecided for
+many years--the location of the inn of Samuel Cole, the location of his
+residence, and the much mooted point as to whether the "Mohawks" met at
+the _Hancock Tavern_ for the preparatory steps toward the Boston Tea
+Party.
+
+All three questions were based on a statement printed in the souvenir of
+the _Hancock Tavern_, reading as follows:
+
+    On the south side of Faneuil Hall is a passageway through which one
+    may pass into Merchants' row. It is Corn court, a name known to few of
+    the present day, but in the days gone by as familiar as the Corn
+    market, with which it was connected. In the center of this court
+    stands the oldest tavern in New England. It was opened March 4, 1634,
+    by Samuel Cole. It was surrounded by spacious grounds, which commanded
+    a view of the harbor and its shipping, for at that time the tide
+    covered the spot where Faneuil Hall now stands. It was a popular
+    resort from the beginning, and was frequented by many foreigners of
+    note.
+
+The seeming authority for these statements and others, connecting it with
+pre-revolutionary events, said Mr. McGlenen, appears in _Rambles in Old
+Boston_ by the Rev. E. G. Porter, pages 67 and 68, evidently based on a
+newspaper article written by William Brazier Duggan, M.D., in the Quincy
+Patriot for August 28, 1852, and to a novel entitled _The Brigantine_ by
+one Ingraham, referring to legendary lore. None of these statements can be
+confirmed. The confusion has been caused by the statement made many years
+ago and reprinted as a note in the _Book of Possessions_, Vol. II, _Boston
+Town Records_, that somewhere near the water front Samuel Cole kept an
+inn; but Letchford's _Note Book_, the _Town Records_, and the _Suffolk
+Deeds_ prove to the contrary.
+
+Samuel Cole's Inn was kept by him from 1634 to 1638, when he sold out by
+order of the Colony Court. He purchased a residence near the town dock
+seven years later. It adjoined the _Hancock Tavern_ lot, and was bounded
+on the west by the lot originally in the ownership of Isaac Gross, whose
+son Clement kept the _Three Mariners_, an ale house which stood west of
+Pierse's Alley (Change Avenue) and east of the _Sun Tavern_.
+
+It is impossible to connect the _Hancock Tavern_ with any
+pre-Revolutionary event. It was a small house, as described in the _Direct
+Tax_ of 1798, of two stories, of two rooms each, built of wood, with
+twelve windows, value $1200. It was first licensed in 1790, and the
+earliest reference found in print is in the advertisement for the sale of
+lemons by John Duggan, in the _Columbian Centinel_ in 1794.
+
+As to Cole's Inn, from the records of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Court,
+it appears that Samuel Cole kept the first inn or ordinary within the town
+of Boston. In 1638 the court gave him liberty to sell his house for an
+inn. This he did, disposing of it to Robert Sedgwick of Charlestown, as
+shown in Letchford's _Note Book_. The town records show that in 1638
+Edward Hutchinson, Samuel Cole, Robert Turner, Richard Hutchinson, William
+Parker, and Richard Brackett were ordered to make a cartway near Mr.
+Hutchinson's house, which definitely locates Samuel Cole on the old
+highway leading to Roxbury, _i.e._ Washington Street (_Town Records_, Vol.
+II, Rec. Com. Report, p. 38).
+
+The _Book of Possessions_ shows in the same report that Valentine Hill had
+one house and garden bounded with the street on the east, meeting house
+and Richard Truesdale on the north, Capt. Robert Sedgwick on the south,
+and the prison yard west.
+
+Major Robert Sedgwick's house and garden bounded with Thomas Clarke,
+Robert Turner and the street on the east, Mr. Hutchinson on the south,
+Valentine Hill on the north, and Henry Messinger west.
+
+Valentine Hill granted, March 20, 1645, to William Davies, his house and
+garden bounded on the south with the ordinary now in the possession of
+James Pen (_Suffolk Deeds_, Vol. I, p. 60). This presumably is _Cole's
+Inn_, then in the possession of Robert Sedgwick, and occupied by James
+Pen.
+
+The question of Cole's residence was easily settled by Mr. McGlenen, when
+he read from deeds showing that in 1645 Valentine Hill sold to Samuel Cole
+a lot of land near the town dock. Samuel Cole died in 1666, and in his
+will left his house and lot to his daughter Elizabeth and son John. This
+property is on the corner of Change Avenue and Faneuil Hall Square, and
+is now occupied by W. W. Rawson as a seed store.
+
+The _Hancock Tavern_ is a distinct piece of property. Mr. McGlenen read
+from deeds which proved that the land was first owned by John Kenerick of
+Boston, yeoman, and was first sold to Robert Brecke of Dorchester,
+merchant, on January 8, 1652. It was again sold to Thomas Watkins of
+Boston, tobacco maker, in 1653; by him in 1679 to James Green of Boston,
+cooper; by him to Samuel Green of Boston, cooper, in 1712; and by him
+willed to his sons and daughter in 1750.
+
+The eastern portion of the original lot (that situated east of the one on
+which the _Hancock Tavern_, just demolished, was located) was sold by
+Samuel Green's heirs to Thomas Handasyd Peck in 1759. The _Hancock Tavern_
+lot itself was then sold to Thomas Bromfield, merchant, in February, 1760.
+The deed says: "A certain dwelling house, with the land whereon the same
+doth stand." Bromfield in 1763 sold it to Joseph Jackson of Boston, who
+owned it at the time of the Revolution, and disposed of it on August 19,
+1779, to Morris Keith, a Boston trader. Morris Keith, or Keefe, died in
+April, 1783, aged 62, leaving a widow and two children, Thomas and Mary.
+The son died in 1784, the widow in 1785, leaving the daughter Mary to
+inherit the property. The inventory describes Morris Keefe as a lemon
+dealer, and the house and land in Corn Court as worth £260.
+
+Mary Keefe married John Duggan, May 24, 1789, and in 1790 John Duggan was
+granted a license to retail liquor at his house in Corn Court. This is
+the earliest record of a license being granted to the _Hancock Tavern_,
+so called. Mary Duggan deeded the property to her husband in January,
+1795, a few weeks before her death. In 1796 John Duggan married Mary
+Hopkins. He died April 21, 1802, leaving three children--Michael, born
+1797; William, born 1799, and John Adams, born 1802. Mary (Hopkins) Duggan
+then married William Brazier in 1803. He died ten years later.
+
+The record commissioners' reports, No. 22, page 290, show the following
+inventory for 1798:
+
+  John Duggan, owner and occupier; wooden dwelling; west
+    on Corn Court; south on Moses Gill; north on James
+    Tisdale. Land 1024 square feet; house 448 square feet;
+    2 stories, 12 windows; value                              $1200
+
+Duggan's advertisement in the _Columbian Centinel_ of October 11, 1794,
+reads:
+
+    Latest imported lemons--In excellent order, for sale, by John Duggan,
+    at his house, at the sign of Gov. Hancock outside the market.
+
+His address in the Boston Directory for 1796 is: "John Duggan, lemon
+dealer, Corn court, S. side market."
+
+In 1795, Duggan, who is described as an innholder, and his wife deeded
+this property to Daniel English, who, on the same day, deeded it back to
+John, in order that he might have a clear title.
+
+"From these investigations," said Mr. McGlenen, "I think it is clear that
+as an old landmark the _Hancock Tavern_ is a failure."
+
+The Rev. Anson Titus then made his report of personal investigations
+relating to the Tea Party itself. He said that the only sure thing is
+this--that something happened in Boston on the evening of December 16,
+1773. Beyond this to make statements is dangerous. Details of the affair
+were not subject of public conversation, because of the danger of
+prosecution and legal action. It was at the very edge of treason to the
+King. It is certain that there were a great crowd of visitors in Boston
+that night from the country towns who had been informed of what to expect
+and had come for a purpose. Secrecy was the word and obedience was the
+command.
+
+Mr. Titus quoted from the Boston papers of that time and from Gov.
+Hutchinson's letters, but declared that it was impossible to learn of the
+names of the actual members of the party. He said that the "Mohawks were
+men familiar with the vessels and the wharves. It is generally recognized
+that they were Masons."
+
+"In conclusion, as we began," he said, "in 1908, as in 1822, very little
+is known concerning the real participants of the Boston Tea Party. The
+lifelong silence on the part of those knowing most of the party is most
+commendable and patriotic. It was a hazardous undertaking, even treason,
+and long after American independence was gained, if proof which would have
+had the least weight in court had been found, there would have been claims
+for damages by the East India Company or the Crown against our young
+republic, which would have been obliged to meet them. The affair was a
+turning point in the history of American liberty, and glad ought we all to
+be that there is no evidence existing connecting scarcely an individual,
+the town of Boston, or the province with the Boston Tea Party."
+
+[Illustration: The Town of Boston before 1645
+
+Showing the Streets Mentioned in the Book of Possessions
+
+Outline traced from Bonner's Map 1722 Details token from the records Annie
+Haven Thwing © 1914]
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF TAVERNS AND TAVERN OWNERS.
+
+
+This list is taken from Miss Thwing's work on the _Inhabitants and Estates
+of the Town of Boston, 1630-1800_, in possession of the Massachusetts
+Historical Society. There also may be found the authority for each
+statement and further details. It does not include many inns mentioned in
+advertisements in the papers of the eighteenth century, nor the names of
+many licensed innkeepers whose hostelry had no sign.
+
+The Colony records state that in 1682 persons annually licensed in Boston
+to keep taverns and sell beer shall not exceed six wine taverns, ten
+innholders, and eight retailers for wine and strong liquors out of doors.
+In 1684, as this was not enough for the accommodation of the inhabitants,
+the county court licensed five or six more public houses. In 1687 all
+licenses for public houses to be granted only to those persons of good
+repute, and have convenient houses and at least two beds to entertain
+strangers and travellers. In Boston the approbation of the Treasurer must
+be secured. The regulations of inns are given in detail in the records.
+
+=Admiral Vernon=, see _Vernon's Head_.
+
+=American Coffee-House=, see _British Coffee-House_.
+
+=Anchor=, also called =Blue Anchor=, east side of Washington Street,
+between State and Water streets (site of the Globe Building). In the _Book
+of Possessions_ Richard Fairbanks (innkeeper) had house and garden here.
+In 1646 he was licensed to keep a house of entertainment, and in 1652 sold
+his estate to Robert Turner, who was licensed in 1659, and his widow
+Penelope in 1666. His son John Turner inherited, and was licensed in 1667.
+In 1680 George Monk on his marriage with Lucy, widow of Turner, succeeded.
+Monk married a second wife, Elizabeth Woodmancy, who succeeded him in
+1691, and kept the inn until 1703, when she sold the estate to James
+Pitts. In 1708 a neighboring estate bounded on the house "formerly the
+Anchor Tavern." From James Pitts the owners were Benjamin Bagnal, in
+1724-25; William Speakman, 1745; 1746 Alice Quick, who bequeathed to her
+nephew Thomas Knight in 1761; and Mary Knight was the owner in 1798.
+
+=Bair=, Washington Street, between Dock Square and Milk Street. In 1722
+Elizabeth Davis was licensed at the Bair in Cornhill. As she was the owner
+of the Bear at the Dock this may have been a mistake.
+
+=Bear=, see _Three Mariners_.
+
+=Baker's Arms=, in 1673 the house of John Gill was on the southwest corner
+of Hanover and Union streets, "near the Baker's Arms." This was possibly
+then the name of the Star Tavern or the Green Dragon.
+
+=Baulston.= William Baulston had a grant of land in 1636-37 on the west
+side of Washington Street, between Dock Square and Court Street. In June,
+1637, he was licensed to keep a house of entertainment. In 1638 he sold to
+Thomas Cornewell, who was licensed to keep an inn in room of William
+Baulston. In 1639-40 the property was bought by Edward Tyng.
+
+=Bite=, see _Three Mariners_.
+
+=Black Horse=, Prince Street. It is commonly asserted that the early name
+of Prince Street came from a tavern of that name, but thus far no such
+tavern has been found on the records. Black Horse Lane was first mentioned
+in 1684.
+
+=Black and White Horse=, locality not stated. In 1767 Robert Sylvester was
+licensed.
+
+=Blue Anchor=, Washington Street, see _Anchor_.
+
+=Blue Anchor=, in 1760, "land where the Blue Anchor was before the fire
+near Oliver's Dock."
+
+=Blue Anchor=, locality not stated. In 1767 a man lodged at the Blue
+Anchor.
+
+=Blue Bell=, west side of Union Street, between Hanover and North streets.
+In 1663 John Button conveys to Edmund Jacklin his house, known as the Blue
+Bell.
+
+=Blue Bell=, southwest corner of Battery March and Water streets. The land
+on which this tavern stood was originally a marsh which the town let to
+Capt. James Johnson in 1656, he to pay an annual amount to the school of
+Boston. Part of this land was conveyed by Johnson to Thomas Hull. This
+deed is not recorded, but in 1674 in the deed of Richard Woodde to John
+Dafforne the west bounds were in part on land now of Deacon Allen and Hugh
+Drury, formerly of Thomas Hull, the house called the Blew Bell. In 1673
+the house was let to Nathaniel Bishop. In the inventory of the estate of
+Hugh Drury in 1689 his part is described as one half of that house Mr.
+Wheeler lives in and cooper's shop. In the partition of his estate in 1692
+there was set off to his grandson Thomas Drury one half of house and land
+commonly called the Castle Tavern, the said house and land being in
+partnership with Henry Allen. In the division of Allen's estate in 1703,
+the house and land is set off to his widow Judith. In 1707 Judith Allen
+and Thomas Drury make a division, the west half being assigned to Judith
+Allen and the east half to Drury. Judith Allen died in 1722, and in 1723
+her son Henry conveyed to Robert Williams the westerly part of the estate,
+consisting of dwelling house, land, and cooper's shop. Williams deeds to
+his son Robert Williams, and the estate was in the family many years.
+
+=Brazen Head=, east side of Washington Street, between State and Water
+streets. Jan. 2, 1757, a soldier was taken with the smallpox at widow
+Jackson's at the Brazen Head. March 20, 1760, the great fire broke out
+here. Mrs. Jackson was not a property owner, but leased the premises.
+
+=Brewers' Arms=, east side of Washington Street, between Bedford and Essex
+streets. In 1696 Sarah, widow of Samuel Walker, mortgages the house called
+the Brewers' Arms in tenure of Daniel Elton (innholder).
+
+=British Coffee-House=, north side of State Street, between Change Avenue
+and Merchants' Row. In the _Book of Possessions_ James Oliver was the
+owner of this estate. Elisha Cooke recovers judgment against Oliver, and
+sells to Nicholas Moorcock in 1699. Moorcock conveys to Charles Burnham in
+1717, whose heirs convey to Jonathan Badger in 1773. Badger deeds to
+Hannah Cordis in 1775 "The British Coffee-House." In 1780 the heirs of
+Badger confirm to Joseph Cordis "The American Coffee-House," and Cordis
+sells to the Massachusetts Bank in 1792. Cord Cordis was the innkeeper in
+1771 and John Bryant was licensed in 1790. In 1798 this was a brick
+building, three stories, twenty-six windows, value $12,000.
+
+=Bromfield House=, Bromfield Street, see _Indian Queen_.
+
+[Illustration: BROMFIELD HOUSE ON THE SITE OF THE "INDIAN QUEEN"
+
+36-38 Bromfield Street]
+
+=Bull=, foot of Summer Street. In the _Book of Possessions_ Nicholas
+Baxter had house and garden here. In 1668 he conveyed this to John Bull
+and wife Mary, the daughter of his wife Margaret. Baxter died in 1692,
+and in his will recites this deed and divides his personal property
+between his daughter Mary, wife of John Swett, and John and Mary Bull. In
+1694 and 1704 Mary Swett attempted to regain the estate, but Bull gained
+his case each time. John Bull died in 1723, and in 1724 his son Jonathan
+buys the shares of other heirs. Jonathan died while on a visit to England
+in 1727 or 1728, and his will, probated in 1728-29, gives one third of his
+estate to his wife, and two thirds to his children, Elizabeth, John, and
+Samuel. Both sons died before coming of age, and Elizabeth inherited their
+shares. She married Rev. Roger Price, and they went to England. She died
+in 1780, and in 1783 her eldest son and daughter returned to Boston to
+recover the property which Barret Dyer, who had married Elizabeth, widow
+of John Bull, had attempted to regain. John Bull was licensed as innkeeper
+from 1689 to 1713, when his widow Mary succeeded. In 1757 Mr. Bean was the
+landlord, and in 1766 the house was let to Benjamin Bigelow. In 1798
+William Price was the owner and Bethia Page the occupier. A wooden house
+of two stories, thirty-one windows, value $2000. The site is now covered
+by the South Station.
+
+=Bunch of Grapes=, southeast corner of State and Kilby streets. The early
+possession of William Davis, who sold to William Ingram in 1658. Ingram
+conveyed "The Bunch of Grapes" to John Holbrook in 1680; Adm. of Holbrook
+to Thomas Waite in 1731; Waite to Simon Eliot in 1760; Eliot to Leonard
+Jarvis in 1769; Jarvis to Joseph Rotch, Jr., in 1772; Francis Rotch to
+Elisha Doane, 1773; his heirs to Isaiah Doane, 1786. In 1798 it was a
+brick store. June 7, 1709, Francis Holmes was the keeper and was to billet
+five soldiers at his house of public entertainment. In 1750 kept by
+Weatherhead, being noted, said Goelet, as the best punch house in Boston.
+In 1757 one captain and one private soldier to be billeted at
+Weatherhead's. 1764 to 1772 Joseph Ingersol licensed. In 1790 Dudley
+Colman licensed. In 1790 James Bowdoin bequeathes house called "The Bunch
+of Grapes" to his wife. This was on the west corner of Kilby and State
+streets.
+
+=Castle=, west corner of Dock Square and Elm Street. In the _Book of
+Possessions_ William Hudson, Jr., had house and garden here. May 20, 1654,
+a street leading from the Castle Tavern is mentioned (Elm Street). Hudson
+sold off parts of his estate and in 1674 he conveyed to John Wing house,
+buildings, etc., commonly called Castle Tavern. In 1677 Wing mortgages to
+William Brown of Salem "all his new built dwelling house, being part of
+that building formerly known as the Castle Tavern." The estate was
+forfeited, and in 1694 Brown conveys to Benjamin Pemberton mansion
+heretofore called the Castle Tavern, since the George Tavern, subject to
+Wing's right of redemption. In his will of 1701-02 John Wing devises to
+his son John Wing the housing and land lying near the head of the town
+dock which he purchased of Capt. William Hudson, together with the brick
+messuage, formerly known by the name of the George Tavern, which has an
+encumbrance of 1000 pounds, due William Browne, now in possession of
+Benjamin Pemberton. In 1708 Wing releases the estate to Pemberton. In 1710
+the heirs of Pemberton convey to Jonathan Waldo, and the succeeding owners
+were: Thomas Flucker, 1760; in the same year it passes to Isaac Winslow
+and Moses Gill; Gill to Caleb Loring, 1768; Nathaniel Frazier, 1771; David
+Sears, 1787; William Burgess, 1790; Nathaniel Frazier, 1792; John and
+Jonathan Amory, 1793. In 1798 Colonel Brewer was the occupier. A brick
+house, two stories, twelve windows, value $4000.
+
+=Castle=, Battery March and Water streets, see _Blue Bell_.
+
+[Illustration: FIREMAN'S TICKET NOTIFYING OF MEETING AT COLEMAN'S (Bunch
+of Grapes)]
+
+=Castle=, northeast corner of North and Fleet streets. The early
+possession of Thomas Savage, John Crabtree acquires, and in 1654 conveys
+to Bartholomew Barnard. Barnard sells to Edward Cock in 1672-73; Cock to
+Margaret Thatcher, who conveys to William Colman in 1679. Colman to
+William Everden in 1694-95, who mortgages to Francis Holmes. Holmes
+conveys to John Wentworth in 1708. In 1717 John Wentworth conveys to
+Thomas Lee house known as the "Castle Tavern, occupied by Sarah Hunt." In
+1768 Thomas Love and wife Deborah (Lee) deed to Andrew Newell, the "Castle
+Tavern," and the same year Newell to Joseph Lee. In 1785 Joseph Lee
+conveys to Joseph Austin the "King's Head Tavern." In 1798 owned and
+occupied by Austin. House of three and two stories, twenty-five windows,
+value $3000.
+
+=Castle=, locality not stated. In 1721 Adrian, widow of John Cunningham,
+was licensed at the Castle, and in 1722 Mary English.
+
+=Cole=, Samuel Cole's inn, west side of Washington Street, corner of
+Williams Court, site of Thompson's Spa. In 1633-34 Samuel Cole set up the
+first house of common entertainment. In 1635 he was licensed to keep an
+ordinary, and in 1637-38 had leave to sell his house for an inn to Robert
+Sedgwick. In 1646 James Penn was licensed here. Lt. William Phillips
+acquired the property, and in 1656-57 mortgages "The Ship Tavern." He
+conveys it to Capt. Thomas Savage in 1660. The later owners were Ephraim
+Savage, 1677-78; Zachariah Trescott, 1712; Nicholas Bouve, 1715; John
+Comrin, 1742; Jonathan Mason, 1742; James Lloyd, 1763, in whose family it
+remained many years.
+
+=Concert Hall=, south corner of Hanover and Court streets. In the _Book of
+Possessions_ Jeremiah Houchin had house and garden here. His widow sold to
+Thomas Snawsell in 1670, and Snawsell to John Russell in 1671; Eleazar
+Russell to John Gardner and Priscilla Hunt in 1689-90; the heirs of
+Gardner to Gilbert and Lewis Deblois in 1749; Deblois to Stephen Deblois
+in 1754, and he to William Turner in 1769; Turner conveyed to John and
+Jonathan Amory in 1789. In 1798 John Amory was the owner and James Villa
+the occupier. A brick house, three stories, thirty windows, value $3000.
+Villa had been a tenant, and was licensed as an innkeeper for some years.
+Before it became a tavern the hall was used for various purposes--for
+meetings, musical concerts, and by the Grand Masons.
+
+=Cromwell's Head= or =Sign of Oliver Cromwell=, north side of School
+Street. In the _Book of Possessions_ Richard Hutchinson was the owner of
+land here. Abraham Brown acquired before 1658; Sarah (Brown) Rogers
+inherits in 1689-90, and in 1692 Gamaliel Rogers conveyed to Duncan
+McFarland; Mary (McFarland) Perkins inherits, and John Perkins deeds to
+Joseph Maylem in 1714; John Maylem inherits in 1733, and the next owner is
+Elizabeth (Maylem) Bracket, wife of Anthony Bracket. In 1764 Elizabeth
+Bracket was licensed at her house in School Street, and Joshua Bracket was
+licensed in 1768. In 1796 Abigail Bracket conveyed to John Warren, who was
+the owner in 1798, and Henry Vose the occupier. A wooden house, three
+stories, thirty windows, value $6000.
+
+=Crown Coffee-House=, north side of State Street, the first house on Long
+wharf (site of the Fidelity Trust Co. building). Jonathan Belcher was a
+proprietor of Long Wharf, which was extended from State Street in 1710. In
+1749 his son Andrew Belcher conveyed to Richard Smith "The Crown
+Coffee-House," Smith to Robert Shellcock in 1751, and the administrator of
+Shellcock to Benjamin Brown in 1788. In 1798 stores covered the site. In
+1714 Thomas Selby was licensed as an innholder at the Crown
+Coffee-House, and he died here in 1727. In 1729 William Burgess was
+licensed, and in 1730 and 1733 Edward Lutwych; 1762 Rebecca Coffin; 1766
+Richard Bradford; and in 1772 Rebecca Coffin.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+=Dolphin=, east side of North Street, at the foot of Richmond Street.
+Nicholas Upshall was the owner of the land in 1644. He deeds to his
+son-in-law William Greenough in 1660. Henry Gibbs and wife Mercy
+(Greenough) inherit in 1694-95. In 1726-27 Henry Gibbs conveys to Noah
+Champney "The Dolphin Tavern." John Lowell and wife Sarah (Champney)
+inherit, and deed to Neil McIntire in 1753, McIntire to Neil McIntire of
+Portsmouth in 1784, and he to William Welsh in 1785, Welsh to Prince Snow
+in 1798. In 1798 it was a wooden house of two stories and eleven windows,
+value $600. The Dolphin Tavern is mentioned by Sewall in 1718. In 1726-27
+Mercy Gibbs was licensed; in 1736 Alice Norwood, and 1740 James Stevens.
+
+=Dove, Sign of the=, northeast corner of Boylston and Tremont streets. In
+the _Book of Possessions_ Thomas Snow was the owner, and in 1667 he
+mortgages his old house to which the Sign of the Dove is fastened. William
+Wright and wife Milcha (Snow) inherit and in 1683 convey to Samuel
+Shrimpton, the heirs of Shrimpton to Adam Colson in 1781, Colson to
+William Cunningham in 1787, Cunningham to Francis Amory in 1793, Amory to
+Joseph Head in 1795.
+
+=Drum, Sign of the=, locality not stated. In 1761 and 1776 mentioned in
+the _Town Records_.
+
+=Exchange=, northwest corner of State and Exchange streets. In 1646
+Anthony Stoddard and John Leverett deed to Henry Shrimpton house and land.
+His son Samuel inherits in 1666, and in 1697-98 Samuel Shrimpton, Jr.,
+inherits "the Exchange Tavern." He mortgages to Nicholas Roberts in 1703,
+and the administrators of Roberts convey to Robert Stone in 1754 "the
+Royal Exchange Tavern." In 1784 Daniel Parker and wife Sally (Stone)
+convey to Benjamin Hitchbone. In 1798 Israel Hatch was the occupier. A
+brick house, four stories, thirty windows, value $12,000. In 1690-91 the
+Exchange Tavern is mentioned by Judge Sewall. In 1714 Rowland Dike
+petitioned for a license. In 1764 Seth Blodgett was licensed, 1770 Mr.
+Stone, 1772 Daniel Jones, 1776 Benjamin Loring, 1788 John Bowers, 1798
+Israel Hatch.
+
+=Exchange Coffee-House=, southeast corner of State and Devonshire streets.
+In the _Book of Possessions_ the land was owned by Robert Scott. The house
+was built in 1804 and burnt in 1818; rebuilt in 1822 and closed as a
+tavern in 1854.
+
+=Flower de Luce=, west side of North Street, between Union and Cross
+streets. In 1675 Elizabeth, widow of Edmund Jackson, mortgages her house,
+known by the name of Flower de Luce, in tenure of Christopher Crow.
+
+=George=, west side of Washington Street, near the Roxbury line. The land
+was a grant of the town to James Penn in 1644. In 1652 he deeds, as a
+gift, five acres to Margery, widow of Jacob Eliot, for the use of her
+children. In 1701 Eliezer Holyoke and wife Mary (Eliot) convey to Stephen
+Minot. In 1701-02 Minot petitions for a license to keep an inn or tavern
+at his house, nigh Roxbury gate. This is disapproved. In 1707 the George
+Tavern is mentioned. In 1708-09 Samuel Meeres petitions to sell strong
+drink as an innholder at the house of Stephen Minot, in the room of John
+Gibbs, who is about to quit his license, and in 1722-23 he was still an
+innholder there. In 1726 Simon Rogers was licensed. In 1733 Stephen Minot,
+Jr., inherits the George Tavern, now in occupation of Simon Rogers. In
+1734-35 occupied by Andrew Haliburton. In 1768 Gideon Gardner was
+licensed. Stephen Minot, Jr., conveys to Samuel and William Brown in
+1738; William Brown to Aaron Willard in 1792. In 1770 Thomas Bracket was
+approved as a taverner in the house on the Neck called the King's Arms,
+formerly the George Tavern, lately kept by Mrs. Bowdine. Aug. 1, 1775, the
+George Tavern was burnt by the Regulars, writes Timothy Newell in his
+diary.
+
+[Illustration: THE EXCHANGE COFFEE HOUSE, 1803-1818 (Congress Square)]
+
+=George=, corner Dock Square and Elm Street, see _Castle_.
+
+=Globe=, northeast corner of Commercial and Hanover streets. In the _Book
+of Possessions_ the estate of William Douglass. Eliphalet Hett and wife
+Ann (Douglass) inherit; Nathaniel Parkman and wife Hannah (Hett) inherit.
+In 1702 Hannah Parkman conveys to Edward Budd; Budd to James Barnard in
+1708. Barnard to John Greenough in 1711. In the division of the Greenough
+estate this was set off to William and Newman Greenough. Greenough to
+Joseph Oliver in 1779. Oliver to Henry H. Williams in 1788. In 1741 and
+1787 the Globe Tavern is mentioned in the _Town Records_.
+
+=Goat=, locality not stated; in 1737 mentioned in the inventory of Elisha
+Cooke.
+
+=Golden Ball=, northwest corner of Merchants' Row and Corn Court. Edward
+Tyng was the first owner of the land, Theodore Atkinson acquired before
+1662, and conveys to Henry Deering in 1690. In 1731 part of Deering's
+estate was the house known as the "Golden Ball," now occupied by Samuel
+Tyley. Mary (Deering) Wilson inherits and bequeathes to her niece Mary
+(Deering), wife of John Gooch. In 1795 Benjamin Gerrish Gray and wife Mary
+(Gooch) convey to James Tisdale house known by the name of the Golden Ball
+Tavern. In 1798 stores covered the site. In 1711 Samuel Tyley petitions
+for renewal of his license upon his removal from the Salutation to Mr.
+Deering's house in Merchants' Row. In 1757 it was kept by John Marston.
+
+=Grand Turk, Sign of=, Washington Street, between Winter and Boylston. In
+1789 Israel Hatch (innholder).
+
+=Green Dragon=, west side of Union Street, north of Hanover. In the _Book
+of Possessions_ James Johnson owned three fourths of an acre on the mill
+pond. The next estate that separated him from Hanover Street was owned by
+John Davis. In 1646 Johnson deeds to Thomas Marshall, and Marshall to
+Thomas Hawkins. In 1645 John Davis deeds to John Trotman, whose wife
+Katherine on the same day conveys to Thomas Hawkins. In 1671 Hawkins
+mortgages to Samson Sheafe, and January, 1671-02, the property is
+delivered to Sheafe. In 1672-03 Sheafe deeds part to John Howlett (see
+_Star Tavern_), bounded northwest by William Stoughton. No deed is
+recorded to Stoughton. Stoughton died in 1701, and this estate fell to his
+granddaughter Mehitable, wife of Capt. Thomas Cooper. She later married
+Peter Sargent and Simeon Stoddard. In 1743 her son Rev. William Cooper
+conveys the brick dwelling called the Green Dragon Tavern to Dr. William
+Douglass. On the division of the estate of Douglass this fell to his
+sister Catherine Kerr, who in 1765 deeds to St. Andrews Lodge of Free
+Masons. In 1798 it is described as a brick dwelling, three stories,
+thirty-nine windows, with stable, value $3000. In 1714 William Patten,
+late of Charlestown, petitions to sell strong drink as an innholder at the
+Green Dragon in the room of Richard Pullen, who hath quitted his license
+there.
+
+=Gutteridge Coffee-House=, north side of State Street, between Washington
+and Exchange streets. Robert Gutteridge was a tenant of Hezekiah Usher in
+1688, and was licensed in 1691. In 1718 Mary Gutteridge petitions for the
+renewal of her late husband's license to keep a public coffee-house.
+
+[Illustration: EXCHANGE COFFEE-HOUSE, 1848
+
+From State Street, looking south down Congress Square]
+
+=Half Moon=, southwest side of Portland Street. Henry Pease was the owner
+of the land in the _Book of Possessions_. He conveys to Thomas Matson in
+1648, and Joshua Matson to Edward Cricke in 1685. In 1705 his widow
+Deborah Cricke conveys to Thomas Gwin house commonly called "The Half
+Moon." In 1713 Gwin sells to William Clarke. The children of Sarah
+(Clarke) Kilby inherit and deed to John Bradford in 1760. His heirs were
+owners in 1798. A brick house, two stories, thirty-nine windows, value
+$4000.
+
+=Hancock=, Corn Court. This property was acquired by John Kendric, who
+sells to Robert Breck in 1652-53. Later owners, Thomas Watkins 1653, James
+Green 1659, Samuel Green 1712, Thomas Bromfield 1760, Joseph Jackson 1763.
+Jackson deeds to Morris Keefe in 1779, whose daughter Mary, wife of John
+Duggan, inherits in 1795. In 1798 it was a wooden house, two stories,
+twelve windows, value $1200.
+
+=Hatch=, east side Tremont Street, between West and Boylston streets. The
+land was a grant of the town to Richard Bellingham in 1665. Martin Sanders
+acquires and deeds to Æneas Salter, and Salter to Sampson Sheaf in 1677.
+Jacob Sheaf to Abiah Holbrook in 1753. Adm. of Rebecca Holbrook to Israel
+Hatch in 1794. 1796 Israel Hatch (innkeeper).
+
+=Hawk=, Summer Street. In 1740 mentioned in the _Town Records_.
+
+=Horse Shoe=, east side of Tremont Street, between School and Bromfield
+streets. In the _Book of Possessions_ this was part of the land of
+Zaccheus Bosworth. His daughter Elizabeth and her husband John Morse
+convey to John Evered, _alias_ Webb, in 1660; Webb to William Pollard in
+1663. John Pollard deeds to Jonathan Pollard in 1722 the "Horse Shoe
+Tavern." In 1782 the heirs of Pollard convey to George Hamblin, who
+occupied it in 1798. A wooden house, two stories, eleven windows, value
+$1500. In 1738 Alex Cochran was licensed here.
+
+=Indian Queen=, later =Bromfield House=, south side of Bromfield Street.
+The possession of William Aspinwall, who deeds the land to John Angier in
+1652, and in the same year it passes to Sampson Shore and Theodore
+Atkinson; Atkinson to Edward Rawson in 1653-54; Rawson to Robert Noaxe,
+1672; Noaxe to Joseph Whitney, 1675; Whitney to Edward Bromfield, 1684;
+Edward Bromfield, Jr., to Benjamin Kent, 1748; Ex. of Kent to Henry
+Newman, 1760; Newman to John Ballard, 1782. In 1798 it was occupied by
+Abel Wheelock, Trask, and Brown. A brick and wooden house, two stories,
+thirty-four windows, value $4500, with a stable.
+
+=Julien Restorator=, northwest corner of Milk and Congress streets. In the
+_Book of Possessions_ John Spoor had a house and one acre here, which he
+mortgaged to Nicholas Willis in 1648. In 1648-49 Henry Bridgham sold a
+house on Washington Street to John Spoore, so it may be possible that they
+exchanged lots. In 1655 Bridgham was the owner. He died in 1681, and his
+widow in 1672. In 1680 his estate was divided among his three sons. John,
+the eldest, settled in Ipswich, inherited the new house, and that included
+the west portion. In 1719 he deeds his share to his nephew Joseph
+Bridgham, who in 1734-35 conveys to Francis Borland, then measuring 106
+ft. on Milk Street. Borland also bought a strip of James Dalton in 1763,
+which addition reached the whole length of the lot, which has been
+abridged by the laying out of Dalton's Lane (Congress Street). Francis
+Borland died in 1763, and left the Milk Street estate to his son Francis
+Lindall Borland, who was absent and feared to be dead. Jane Borland
+married John Still Winthrop, and in 1765 the estate was divided among
+the Winthrop children. These heirs conveyed the Congress Street corner
+to Thomas Clement in 1787, and in 1794 he sold it to Jean Baptiste Gilbert
+Payplat dis Julien (restorator). Julien died in 1806, and his heirs
+conveyed it in 1823 to the Commercial Co. The house was taken down in
+1824. In 1798 it was a wooden dwelling, three stories, eighteen windows,
+value $6000.
+
+[Illustration: VIEW OF TREMONT STREET, SHOWING THE "HATCH TAVERN" IN FRONT
+OF THE "HAYMARKET THEATRE"
+
+From an original painting by Robertson, now in the Boston Public Library]
+
+=King's Arms=, west side of Washington Street, between Brattle and Court
+streets. Nearly all of the original lot was taken for the extension of
+Washington Street, and the exact location obliterated. It was one of the
+estates at the head of the Dock. In the _Book of Possessions_, owned by
+Hugh Gunnison, who in 1646 was licensed to keep a house of entertainment.
+Oct. 28, 1650, he mortgages the estate called the King's Arms, and in 1651
+conveys it to John Samson, Henry Shrimpton, and William Brenton (see
+_Suff. Deeds_, Lib. 1, fol. 135, where there is an interesting and
+complete inventory). Henry Shrimpton gets possession of the whole, and in
+his will, 1666, bequeathes to his daughter Sarah Shrimpton "the house
+formerly called the States Arms." In 1668-69 Eliakim Hutchinson, on his
+marriage with Sarah Shrimpton, puts the estate in trust for his wife,
+"heretofore called the King's Arms." He also enlarged the estate by buying
+adjoining land of the William Tyng and Thomas Brattle estates. By the will
+of Eliakim Hutchinson in 1718, and that of his wife in 1720, the whole
+estate went to their son William Hutchinson, who in 1721 devised to his
+son Eliakim Hutchinson. Eliakim still further enlarged the estate. He was
+a Loyalist, and his estate was confiscated. In 1782 the government
+conveyed part of it to Thomas Green and the remainder to John Lucas and
+Edward Tuckerman.
+
+=King's Arms=, west side of North Street, between Sun Court and Fleet
+Street. The lot of Thomas Clarke in the _Book of Possessions_, which he
+sold to Launcelot Baker in 1648, and Baker to George Halsey in 1648, the
+trustees of Halsey to Evan Thomas in 1656, "The King's Arms." In 1680 his
+widow Alice Thomas mortgages the house formerly known as King's Arms, and
+she sells it in 1698 to Joseph Bill.
+
+=King's Arms=, on the Neck, see _George_.
+
+=King's Head=, northeast corner of North and Fleet streets, see _Castle_.
+
+=Lamb= and =White Lamb=, west side of Washington Street, between West and
+Boylston streets, on the site of the Adams House, the original lot of
+Richard Brocket, which he deeds to Jacob Leger in 1638; and Ann Leger,
+widow, to John Blake in 1664; Blake to Edward Durant in 1694; Durant to
+Jonathan Waldo the southern part in 1713-14; Jonathan Waldo, Jr., to
+Samuel Cookson in 1780; Cookson to Joel Crosby in 1795. In 1798 Joel
+Crosby was the owner and occupier of the Lamb Tavern. A wooden building of
+two stories, twenty-four windows, value $4200. In 1738 it was mentioned in
+the _Town Records_, and in 1782 Augustus Moor was licensed there.
+
+=Lighthouse=, 1766, mentioned in the _Town Records_. It was not far from
+the Old North Meeting House.
+
+=Lion, Sign of=, Washington Street, between Winter and Boylston streets.
+1796 Henry Vose (innholder).
+
+=Logwood Tree, Sign of=, south side of Commercial Street, between Hanover
+and North streets. The lot of John Seabury in the _Book of Possessions_,
+which he deeds to Alex Adams in 1645, Adams to Nathaniel Fryer in 1653-54,
+and Fryer to John Scarlet in 1671. Scarlet to Joseph Parminter in 1671-72.
+In 1734-35 Hannah Emmes, sister of Parminter, conveys to John Read the
+house known as the "Sign of the Logwood Tree"; Read to Thomas Bently in
+1744, and Bently to Joshua Bently 1756. In 1798 it was occupied by
+Captain Caswell. A wooden house, two stories, fourteen windows, value
+$1000. In 1732 mentioned in the _Town Records_. See also _Queen's Head_.
+
+[Illustration: THE LAMB TAVERN (The Adams House Site)]
+
+=Marlborough Arms= and =Marlborough Head=, south side of State Street,
+east of Kilby Street. In 1640 William Hudson was allowed to keep an
+ordinary. His son conveys this in 1648 to Francis Smith, and Smith to John
+Holland. Judith Holland conveys to Thomas Peck in 1656; Thomas Peck, Jr.,
+to James Gibson, 1711. In 1722 Mary Gibson deeds to her children "house
+named Marlborough next the Grapes." James Gibson to Roger Passmore, 1741;
+Passmore to Simon Eliot, 1759; Eliot to Leonard, 1760; Jarvis to Benjamin
+Parker, 1766; John Erving acquires and deeds to William Stackpole, 1784.
+In 1798 it had been converted into a brick store. Elisha Odling was
+licensed in 1720, Sarah Wormal in 1721, and Elizabeth Smith 1722.
+
+=Mitre=, east side of North Street, at the head of Hancock Wharf (Lewis
+Wharf), between Sun Court and Fleet Street. The lot of Samuel Cole in the
+_Book of Possessions_, which he conveys to George Halsey in 1645; Halsey
+to Nathaniel Patten, 1654; Patten to Robert Cox, 1681; Cox to John Kind,
+1683-84; Jane Kind to Thomas Clarke (pewterer), 1705-06; Clarke to John
+Jeffries, 1730. His nephew David Jeffries inherits in 1778, from whom it
+went to Joseph Eckley and wife Sarah (Jeffries). In 1782 heirs of John
+Jeffries owned house "formerly the Mitre Tavern." In 1798 the house had
+been taken down.
+
+=Noah's Ark=, southwest corner North and Clarke streets. The early
+possession of Capt. Thomas Hawkins. He was lost at sea, and his widow
+married (2) John Fenn and (3) Henry Shrimpton. In 1657 William Phillips
+conveys to Mary Fenn the house called Noah's Ark, the property of her
+first husband Thomas Hawkins, and which her son-in-law John Aylett had
+mortgaged to William Hudson, by whom it was sold to William Phillips. In
+1657 Mary Fenn conveys to George Mountjoy, and in 1663 Mountjoy to John
+Vial. In 1695 Vial deeds to Thomas Hutchinson. In 1713 the house was known
+as Ship Tavern, heretofore Noah's Ark, in part above and in part below the
+street called Ship Street.
+
+=North Coffee-House=, North Street. Dec. 12, 1702, Edward Morrell was
+licensed.
+
+=North End Coffee-House=, northwest side of North Street, between Sun
+Court and Fleet Street. The land of Capt. Thomas Clarke in the _Book of
+Possessions_. Elisha Hutchinson and wife Elizabeth (Clarke) inherit.
+Edward Hutchinson conveys to Thomas Savage in 1758. John Savage inherits,
+and deeds to Joseph Tahon in 1781, Tahon to Robert Wier in 1786, Wier to
+John May in 1795 the "North End Coffee-House." In 1782 Capt. David Porter
+was licensed to keep a tavern at the North End Coffee-House. In 1798 John
+May was owner and occupier. A brick house, three stories, forty-five
+windows, value $4500.
+
+=Orange Tree=, northeast corner of Hanover and Court streets. Land first
+granted to Edmund Jackson, Thomas Leader acquires before 1651, and his
+heirs deed to Bozoon Allen in 1678. Allen conveys in 1700 to Francis Cook
+"the Orange Tree Inn." Benjamin Morse and wife Frances (Cook) inherit.
+John Tyng and wife Mary (Morse), daughter of Benjamin, inherit. John
+Marshall and other heirs of Tyng owners in 1785 and 1798, when it was
+unoccupied. A wooden house, three stories, fifty-three windows, value
+$4000. In 1712 Jonathan Wardell, who had married Frances (Cook), widow of
+Benjamin Morse, was licensed, and from 1724 to 1746 Mrs. Wardell was
+licensed.
+
+=Peacock=, west side of North Street, between Board Alley and Cross
+Street, on the original estate of Sampson Shore, who conveyed to Edwin
+Goodwin in 1648, and he to Nathaniel Adams. In 1707-08 Joseph and other
+children of Nathaniel Adams deed to Thomas Harris house and land near the
+Turkey or Peacock. In 1705 Elihu Warden owns a shop over against the
+Peacock Tavern. Sept. 26, 1709, Thomas Lee petitions to keep a victualling
+house at a hired house which formerly was the Sign of the Turkie Cock.
+
+=Peggy Moore's Boarding House=, southwest corner of Washington and
+Boylston streets. On the original estate of Jacob Eliot. His daughter
+Hannah Frary inherits, Abigail (Frary) Arnold inherits, and then Hannah
+(Arnold), wife of Samuel Welles. In 1798 Samuel Welles owner, and he with
+Mrs. Brown and Peggy Moore occupiers. A wooden house, two stories, and
+seventy-one windows, value $10,000.
+
+=Pine Tree=, Dock Square. In 1785 Capt. Benjamin Gorham was licensed on
+Dock Square, at the house known by the name of the Pine Tree Tavern.
+Gorham bought a house in 1782 of John Steel Tyler and wife Mary (Whitman),
+situated on northwest side of North Street, between Cross Street and Scott
+Alley, which he sold in 1786 to John Hinckley.
+
+=Punch Bowl, Sign of the=, Dock Square. 1789 Mrs. Baker (innholder).
+
+=Queen's Head=, Fleet Street. April 19, 1728, Anthony Young petitions to
+remove his license from the Salutation in Ship Street to the Sign of the
+Swan in Fleet Street, and set up the Sign of the Queen's Head there. Nov.
+28, 1732, Joseph Pearse petitions to remove his license from the house
+where he lives, the Sign of the Logwood Tree in Lynn Street, to the house
+near Scarlett's Wharf at the Sign of the Queen's Head, where Anthony Young
+last dwelt.
+
+=Red Cross=, southwest corner of North and Cross streets. In 1746 John
+Osborn (innholder) bought land of Tolman Farr, to whom it had descended
+from Barnabas Fawer, who bought it of Valentine Hill in 1646. The
+children of Osborn sold it in 1756 to Ichabod Jones, whose son John Coffin
+Jones inherited.
+
+=Red Lyon=, northeast corner of North and Richmond streets. Nicholas
+Upshall was the owner in 1644. Nov. 9, 1654, Francis Brown's house was
+near the Red Lyon. Joseph Cock and wife Susannah (Upshall) inherit half in
+1666, Edward Proctor and wife Elizabeth (Cock) inherit in 1693-94 half of
+the Red Lyon Inn, John Proctor deeds to Edward Proctor in 1770, Proctor to
+Charles Ryan in 1790, Ryan to Thomas Kast in 1791, Kast to Reuben Carver
+in 1794. In 1798 William T. Clapp was occupier. A brick and wooden
+dwelling, three and two stories, twenty-four windows, value $2500. In 1763
+mentioned in the _Town Records_.
+
+=Red Lyon=, Washington Street, see _Lion_. 1798 James Clark (innholder).
+
+=Rising Sun=, Washington Street, between School and Winter streets. 1800
+Luther Emes (innholder).
+
+=Roebuck=, east side of Merchants' Row (Swing Bridge Lane) a grant of land
+to Leonard Buttles in 1648-49. He sold to Richard Staines in 1655, whose
+widow Joyce Hall deeds to Thomas Winsor in 1691; Winsor mortgages to Giles
+Dyer in 1706, who deeds the same year to Thomas Loring; Loring to John
+Barber in 1712; Barber to John Pim in 1715. Samuel Wright and wife Mary
+(Pim) inherit. Jane Moncrief acquires, and conveys to William Welch in
+1793, Welch to William Wittington in 1794. In 1798 William Wittington,
+Jr., was the occupier. House of brick and wood, three stories, nineteen
+windows, value $2500. In 1776 Elizabeth Wittington was licensed as an
+innholder at the Roebuck, Dock Square. In 1790 William Wittington at the
+Sign of the Roebuck was next to John Sheppard.
+
+=Roebuck=, Battery March. July 29, 1702, house of Widow Salter at the
+Sign of the Roebuck, nigh the South Battery.
+
+=Rose and Crown=, southwest corner of State and Devonshire streets. Thomas
+Matson was an early owner of the land. He deeds to Henry Webb in 1638,
+Webb to Henry Phillips in 1656-57. His widow Mary deeds to her son Samuel
+"the Rose and Crown" in 1705-06, Gillum Phillips to Peter Faneuil in 1738,
+George Bethune and wife Mary (Faneuil) to Abiel Smith in 1787. In 1798 a
+brick house, three stories, forty-four windows, value $9000. Dec. 29,
+1697, a lane leading from the Rose and Crown Tavern (Devonshire Street).
+
+=Royal Exchange=, State Street, see _Exchange_.
+
+=Salutation=, northeast corner of North and Salutation streets. James
+Smith acquired the land at an early date. He deeds to Christopher Lawson,
+and Lawson to William Winburne in 1664; Winburne to John Brookins in 1662
+"the Salutation Inn." Elizabeth, widow of Brookins, married (2) Edward
+Grove, who died in 1686, and (3) William Green. In 1692 William Green and
+wife Elizabeth convey to William Phipps house called the Salutation.
+Spencer Phipps inherits in 1695, Phipps to John Langdon in 1705, the heirs
+of Langdon to Thomas Bradford in 1766, Bradford to Jacob Rhodes in 1784,
+house formerly "the Two Palaverers." In 1798 it was occupied by George
+Singleton and Charles Shelton. A wooden house, two stories, thirty-five
+windows, value $2500. In 1686 Edward Grove was licensed, Samuel Tyley in
+1711, Elisha Odling 1712, John Langdon, Jr., 1714. In 1715 he lets to
+Elisha Odling, Arthur Young 1722, Samuel Green 1731, Edward Drinker 1736.
+In 1757 called Two Palaverers. William Campbell licensed 1764, Francis
+Wright 1767, Thomas Bradford 1782, Jacob Rhodes 1784.
+
+=Schooner in Distress= and =Sign of the Schooner=, North Street, between
+Cross and Richmond streets. 1761 mentioned in the _Town Records_.
+
+=Seven Stars=, northwest corner of Summer and Hawley streets. The
+possession of John Palmer. His widow Audrey deeds to Henry Rust in 1652;
+Rust to his son Nathaniel, 1684-85; Nathaniel to Robert Earle, 1685; Earle
+to Thomas Banister, 1698, house being known by the name of Seven Stars;
+Samuel Banister to Samuel Tilly, 1720; Tilly to William Speakman, 1727;
+Speakman to Leonard Vassal, 1728; Vassal to John Barnes and others for
+Trinity Church.
+
+=Ship=, North Street, see _Noah's Ark_.
+
+=Ship=, Washington Street, see _Cole's Inn_.
+
+=Ship, Sign of=, west side of North Street, between Sun Court and Fleet
+Street. The original possession of Thomas Joy, who sold to Henry Fane, and
+Fane to Richard Way in 1659-60, Thomas Kellond 1777, Robert Bronsdon
+1678-79, William Clarke 1707-08, Joseph Glidden 1728, and his heirs to
+John Ballard 1781. In 1789 John Ballard was innkeeper here. The Executor
+of Ballard conveys to John Page, and Page to George R. Cushing of Hingham
+in 1797. In 1798 it was a wooden building, three stories, twenty-nine
+windows, value $1850, and occupied by Ebenezer Knowlton, Ziba French, and
+John Daniels.
+
+=Shippen's Crane=, Dock Square. 1739 John Ballard licensed as retailer.
+
+=Star=, northwest corner of Hanover and Union streets. The lot of John
+Davis in the _Book of Possessions_. He deeds to John Trotman in 1645,
+whose wife Katherine deeds on the same day to Thomas Hawkins. In 1671
+Hawkins mortgages to Sampson Sheafe, and in 1671-72 the property is
+delivered to Sheafe. 1672-73 Sheafe conveys to John Howlet, and in 1676
+Susannah, wife of Howlet, deeds to Andrew Neale. 1709-10 the heirs of
+Neale deed to John Borland house by the name of "the Star," now occupied
+by Stephen North and Charles Salter. John Borland inherits 1727. Jonathan
+Simpson and wife Jane (Borland) convey to William Frobisher in 1787. In
+1798 it was a wooden house, two stories, twenty-eight windows, value
+$3000. Frobisher and Thomas Dillaway were the occupiers. 1699 the fore
+street leading to Star Inn mentioned. 1700 house near the Star Ale House.
+In 1722 John Thing was licensed. 1737 house formerly the Star Tavern in
+Union Street.
+
+=State's Arms=, Washington Street. See _King's Arms_.
+
+=Sun=, Faneuil Hall Square. In the _Book of Possessions_ Edward Bendall
+had house and garden here. He mortgaged to Symon Lynde, who took
+possession in 1653. His son Samuel Lynde inherits in 1687, and his heirs
+make a division in 1736. Joseph Gooch and others convey to Joseph Jackson
+in 1769 the Sun Tavern. Jackson's widow Mary inherits in 1796 and occupied
+the house with others in 1798, when it was a brick house, three stories,
+twenty-two windows, value $8000. 1694-95 street running to the dock by the
+Sun Tavern. 1699-1700 now occupied by James Meeres. 1709 owned by Samuel
+Lynde, now in possession of Thomas Phillips. 1757 Capt. James Day was
+licensed.
+
+=Sun=, west side of Washington Street, between Brattle and Court streets.
+In 1782 Gillum Taylor deeds his estate to John Hinckley bounded south by
+the land in possession of Benjamin Edes, late the Sun Tavern.
+
+=Swan=, west side of Commercial Street, near the Ferry. In 1651 Thomas
+Rucke mortgages his house called The Swan, which he bought of Christopher
+Lawson in 1648, and he of Thomas Buttolph, who was the original owner.
+
+=Swan, Sign of the=, see _Queen's Head_. In 1708 Fish Street (North
+Street) extends to the Sign of the Swan by Scarlett's Wharf.
+
+=Swann=, locality not stated. 1777 mentioned in _Town Records_.
+
+=Three Crowns=, North Street, between Cross and Richmond streets. 1718
+Thomas Coppin licensed. 1735 mentioned in the _Town Records_.
+
+=Three Horse Shoes=, west side of Washington Street, between School and
+Bromfield streets. The original possession of William Aspinwall, who deeds
+land to John Angier in 1652. The heirs of Edmund Rangier to William Turner
+in 1697. Turner to George Sirce in 1713. William Gatcomb and wife Mary
+(Sirce) inherit. In 1744 Philip Gatcomb mortgages house known by the Sign
+of the Three Horse Shoes; William Gatcomb to Gilbert Deblois, Jr., in
+1784; Lewis Deblois to Christopher Gore, 1789; Gore to James Cutler and
+Jonathan Amory, 1793; Cutler to Jonathan Amory, Jr., 1797.
+
+=Three Mariners=, south side of Faneuil Hall Square. The original
+possession of Isaac Grosse. Thomas Grosse conveys to Joseph Pemberton in
+1679, and Joseph to Benjamin Pemberton in 1701-02 "the Three Mariners." In
+1701-02 occupied by Edward Bedford. In 1712 the executor of Benjamin
+Pemberton deeds to Benjamin Davis the house known by the name of the
+"Three Mariners." In 1723 the house of Elizabeth, widow of Benjamin Davis,
+known as "Bear Tavern," conveyed to Henry Whitten, Whitten to John Hammock
+in 1734-35, Ebenezer Miller and wife Elizabeth (Hammock) to William Boyce
+in 1772, Boyce to William Stackpole in 1795 the house known as the "Bear
+Tavern." In 1798 it was a wooden house, three stories, fourteen windows,
+value $5000, and occupied by Peter Richardson. In the nineteenth century
+it was known as the "Bite."
+
+=Three Mariners=, at the lower end of State Street. 1719 Thomas Finch
+licensed.
+
+[Illustration: THE SUN TAVERN (Dock Square) ABOUT 1900]
+
+=Turkie Cock=, see _Peacock_.
+
+=Two Palaverers=, see _Salutation_.
+
+=Union Flag=, Battery March. 1731 William Hallowell's house, known by the
+name of Union Flag. Possibly not a tavern.
+
+=Vernon's Head= and =Admiral Vernon=, northeast corner of State Street and
+Merchants' Row. The early possession of Edward Tyng, who sold to James
+Everill 1651-52, and he to John Evered _alias_ Webb in 1657. Webb conveyed
+to William Alford in 1664. Peter Butler and wife Mary (Alford) inherit,
+and deed to James Gooch in 1720. In 1760 John Gooch conveys to Tuthill
+Hubbard the "Vernon's Head." In 1798 it was a brick store. In 1745 Richard
+Smith was licensed, Thomas Hubbard 1764. In 1766 William Taunt, who has
+been at the Admiral Vernon several years, prays for a recommendation for
+keeping a tavern at the large house lately occupied by Potter and Gregory
+near by. Sarah Bean licensed 1774, Nicholas Lobdell 1776 and 1786, John
+Bryant 1790.
+
+=White Bear, Sign of=, location not stated. 1757 mentioned in the _Town
+Records_.
+
+=White Horse=, west side of Washington Street, between West and Boylston
+streets. Land owned by Elder William Colburne in the _Book of
+Possessions_. Moses Paine and wife Elizabeth (Colburne) inherit. Thomas
+Powell and wife Margaret (Paine) inherit. In 1700 Powell conveys to Thomas
+Brattle the inn known as the White Horse. William Brattle mortgages to
+John Marshall in 1732, and Marshall deeds to Jonathan Dwight in 1740.
+William Bowdoin recovers judgment from Dwight and conveys to Joseph Morton
+in 1765; Morton to Perez Morton, 1791. In 1798 it was occupied by Aaron
+Emmes. A wooden house, two stories, twenty-six windows, value $9000. In
+1717 Thomas Chamberlain was licensed, William Cleeres in 1718, Mrs.
+Moulton 1764, Israel Hatch 1787, Joseph Morton 1789, Aaron Emmes 1798.
+
+=White Horse, Sign of the=, Cambridge Street, near Charles River Bridge.
+1789 Moses Bradley (innkeeper).
+
+[Illustration: The TOWN of BOSTON in _New England_ by Cap{t} John Bonner
+1722]
+
+
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] Cordis's bill for a dinner given by Governor Hancock to the Fusileers
+at this house in 1792 is a veritable curiosity in its way:--
+
+                              £    s.   p.
+  136 Bowls of Punch          15   6
+   80 Dinners                  8
+   21 Bottles of Sherry        4   14   6
+      Brandy                        2   6
+
+[2] A punch-bowl on which is engraved the names of seventeen members of
+the old Whig Club is, or was, in the possession of R. C. Mackay of Boston.
+Besides those already mentioned, Dr. Church, Dr. Young, Richard Derby of
+Salem, Benjamin Kent, Nathaniel Barber, William Mackay, and Colonel
+Timothy Bigelow of Worcester were also influential members. The Club
+corresponded with Wilkes, Saville, Barré, and Sawbridge,--all leading
+Whigs, and all opponents of the coercive measures directed against the
+Americans.
+
+[3] Liberty Tree grew where Liberty Tree Block now stands, corner of Essex
+and Washington Streets.
+
+[4] The name of a room at Julien's.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+Passages in italics are indicated by _italics_.
+
+Passages in bold are indicated by =bold=.
+
+Superscripted characters are indicated by {superscript}.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Old Boston Taverns and Tavern Clubs, by 
+Samuel Adams Drake and Walter K. Watkins
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42999 ***