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diff --git a/42985-h/42985-h.htm b/42985-h/42985-h.htm index e5ecec6..49d5a6d 100644 --- a/42985-h/42985-h.htm +++ b/42985-h/42985-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of Social Problems in Porto Rico, by @@ -153,45 +153,7 @@ th {padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: 0em; font-weight: normal;} </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -Project Gutenberg's Social Problems in Porto Rico, by Fred K. Fleagle - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Social Problems in Porto Rico - -Author: Fred K. Fleagle - -Release Date: June 18, 2013 [EBook #42985] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN PORTO RICO *** - - - - -Produced by Carlos Colon, University of Michigan and the -Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net -(This file was produced from images generously made -available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42985 ***</div> <h1> SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN<br /> PORTO RICO</h1> @@ -307,7 +269,7 @@ claim it as his own.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td class="tdl smcap"><a href="#THE_JIBARO">The Jbaro</a></td> + <td class="tdl smcap"><a href="#THE_JIBARO">The Jíbaro</a></td> <td class="tdr">6</td> </tr> @@ -546,7 +508,7 @@ and economic situation is bettered.</p> -<h2 id="THE_JIBARO">THE JBARO</h2> +<h2 id="THE_JIBARO">THE JÍBARO</h2> <p><span class="smcap">The</span> rural population of Porto Rico may be roughly @@ -587,20 +549,20 @@ the day laborer of the country districts. The following is taken from the book on <i>Uncinariasis in Porto Rico</i>, by Doctors Ashford and Gutierrez:</p> -<p>"Our patient has been in times past the <i>jbaro</i> and +<p>"Our patient has been in times past the <i>jíbaro</i> and will be in time to come. As we have seen already, while all country districts furnish an incredible number of sick, the great breeding places of <i>necator americanus</i> are the coffee plantations, and this is the home of <i>el palido</i> (the pale man) of Porto Rico.</p> -<p>"The <i>jbaro</i> is a type to be well studied before we +<p>"The <i>jíbaro</i> is a type to be well studied before we essay to interest him in bettering his own condition. Many have written of his virtues, many of his defects, but few, even in Porto Rico, have seen through the mist of a pandemic the real man beyond.</p> -<p>"Coll y Toste says that the origin of the word <i>jbaro</i> +<p>"Coll y Toste says that the origin of the word <i>jíbaro</i> proceeds from a port in Cuba (Jibara), and that it is composed of two words of Indian origin, <i>jiba</i>, meaning mountain, and <i>ero</i>, man. We cannot see the necessity @@ -615,10 +577,10 @@ dweller.'</p> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> to-day, is a peasant, a tiller of the soil, a man whose life is not that of the town, and who lacks its culture. -And when we say that a man is a <i>jbaro</i>, we put him +And when we say that a man is a <i>jíbaro</i>, we put him in a separate and distinct class, a class of country laborers. These people 'live now as they lived 100 -or 200 years ago, close to the soil.' The <i>jbaro</i> is a +or 200 years ago, close to the soil.' The <i>jíbaro</i> is a squatter and does not own the land upon which he builds his modest house, nor does that house cost him anything save the trouble of building it. It is a framework @@ -635,19 +597,19 @@ afforded for sleeping. The cooking is done under a shed on a pile of stones. Weyl says that the house should be valued at about $20.</p> -<p>"The food of the <i>jbaro</i> is poor in fats and the proteids +<p>"The food of the <i>jíbaro</i> is poor in fats and the proteids are of difficult assimilation, being of vegetable origin, as a rule.</p> <p>"He arises at dawn and takes a cocoanut dipperful -of <i>caf puya</i> (coffee without sugar). Naturally, he +of <i>café puya</i> (coffee without sugar). Naturally, he never uses milk. With this black coffee he works till about twelve o'clock, when his wife brings him his breakfast, corresponding to our lunch. This is composed of boiled salt codfish, with oil, and has one of the following vegetables of the island to furnish the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span> -carbohydrate element: banana, platano, ame, batata +carbohydrate element: banana, platano, ñame, batata or yautia.</p> <p>"At three in the afternoon he takes another dipperful @@ -665,14 +627,14 @@ Rice is imported from the United States and codfish from Nova Scotia. The bread he eats on his visits to town is made of American flour.</p> -<p>"This is a normal <i>jbaro</i> diet. With the wage paid +<p>"This is a normal <i>jíbaro</i> diet. With the wage paid him he can get no better, but aside from this he is wedded to cheap bulky foods, chiefly for reasons to be stated, and is completely ignorant of the importance of certain foods which any hygienist would like to add -to his bill of fare. If the normal food of the <i>jbaro</i>, as +to his bill of fare. If the normal food of the <i>jíbaro</i>, as stated, were his usual food, it would not be so serious -a matter, nor would the <i>jbaro</i> complain so bitterly of +a matter, nor would the <i>jíbaro</i> complain so bitterly of his wretched ration, but the fact is he does not get the menu detailed above save when he can be said to be prosperous. Only a few cents difference in wages will @@ -685,13 +647,13 @@ he would leave his ration as it now is and spend his<span class="pagenum"><a nam surplus otherwise. This has not been given, however, a very earnest trial. He takes also more rum than he is given credit for by those who have accepted the -formula that the <i>jbaro</i> does not drink, but it is true +formula that the <i>jíbaro</i> does not drink, but it is true that he is not usually intemperate in this sense. One of his vices is <i>la mascaura</i> (the wad of tobacco), and he believes the juice of the tobacco to be beneficial in warding off tetanus.</p> -<p>"The <i>jbaro</i>, mountain bred, avoids the town whenever +<p>"The <i>jíbaro</i>, mountain bred, avoids the town whenever possible, avoids the genteel life of a civilization higher than that of his own. He instinctively tucks his little hut away in the most inaccessible spots; he @@ -711,37 +673,37 @@ the constant repression of those he recognizes as his superiors, and exemption from a repetition of deceptions that have been so often practiced upon him. He has always been made to stay strictly in his class, -in the <i>jbaro</i> class. Frequently when he tries to express +in the <i>jíbaro</i> class. Frequently when he tries to express himself he is laughed down, frowned down, or -growled down. '<i>Tu eres un jbaro</i>' is not a term of +growled down. '<i>Tu eres un jíbaro</i>' is not a term of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> reproach exactly, but it means 'You are not in a position to express yourself, for you are only a mountaineer. You know nothing of our world; you are still a child. Your place is under the shade of the coffee tree; the -mark you bear is clear to everyone; you are a <i>jbaro</i>.' -Thus there is a great difference between the <i>jbaro</i> and -those who are not <i>jbaros</i>, <i>i.e.</i>, those who live in towns +mark you bear is clear to everyone; you are a <i>jíbaro</i>.' +Thus there is a great difference between the <i>jíbaro</i> and +those who are not <i>jíbaros</i>, <i>i.e.</i>, those who live in towns or those who command in the country. This distinction is neither made unkindly nor roughly. All the Porto Rican people are kindly and they love their -<i>jbaros</i>, but nevertheless they treat them as though -they were children. And the <i>jbaro</i> loyally follows his +<i>jíbaros</i>, but nevertheless they treat them as though +they were children. And the <i>jíbaro</i> loyally follows his educated, emancipated fellow citizen, perfectly satisfied to be guided as the latter sees fit.</p> <p>"Much of this guidance is excellent, and it is not our mission to seek to break down barriers which to-day, -may be needful. The <i>jbaro</i> is respectful and obedient, +may be needful. The <i>jíbaro</i> is respectful and obedient, fearful of the law and never defiant of his superiors; he is generous to a fault, sharing with any wayfarer his last plantain; he is devoted to his family and to his friends. Had he been ill treated by the educated and controlling class in the island he would be sullen and savage, but this has not been the case. If it is -true that the <i>jbaro</i> is in many ways differentiated from +true that the <i>jíbaro</i> is in many ways differentiated from the upper classes, it is equally true that there is no -masonry so strong as that existing among the <i>jbaros</i> +masonry so strong as that existing among the <i>jíbaros</i> of Porto Rico. Bound to each other by the most intricate ties of relationship and by a still more potent one, the eternal bond conferred by the title <i>compadre</i> @@ -758,7 +720,7 @@ faces will not detect the faintest trace of interest or even of intelligence.</p> <p>"Care must be taken in deducing facts from questioning -a group of <i>jbaros</i> even in the most unimportant +a group of <i>jíbaros</i> even in the most unimportant matters. They are tremendously suspicious and generally let someone among them who is <i>leido</i> (one who has established a local reputation for worldly wisdom) @@ -770,7 +732,7 @@ civil</i> or rural guard, to run down those suspected of unfaithfulness to the administration, petty infringement of the law, etc.</p> -<p>"The <i>jbaro</i> is equally superstitious and very quickly +<p>"The <i>jíbaro</i> is equally superstitious and very quickly impressed by a supernatural explanation of any phenomena he cannot understand. The more outlandish the explanation of a disease the better he likes it, @@ -784,17 +746,17 @@ that it was due to 'worms' and our administration of In spite of this lack of knowledge of the world above him he has one quality which is his ever ready defense, his astuteness. There is one phrase much -used in describing the <i>jbaro's</i> acuteness of observation. -Referring to a trade it is said: '<i>Para un jbaro, otro, +used in describing the <i>jíbaro's</i> acuteness of observation. +Referring to a trade it is said: '<i>Para un jíbaro, otro, y para los dos, el demonio</i>,' which means, 'To get the -best of a jbaro, employ another, and to catch both, +best of a jíbaro, employ another, and to catch both, Satan himself must take charge of them.'</p> <p>"This astuteness, despite all of the great obstacles in the path of our work among them, was what chiefly led to success in bringing these people under treatment. They soon saw that we got results, and with a fact -capable of sensational proof in our hands, the <i>jbaro</i> +capable of sensational proof in our hands, the <i>jíbaro</i> accepted us and we joined the 'order' to which we have made reference. From that time he has been our friend, and better friends no man ever had, for @@ -817,10 +779,10 @@ This being so for the towns which are surrounded by these people, how attenuated the interest becomes in the capital and larger cities of the island, and how extremely diluted that of the continental American -who neither knows his needs nor even what <i>jbaro</i> +who neither knows his needs nor even what <i>jíbaro</i> means.</p> -<p>"Education will transform this <i>jbaro</i> into something +<p>"Education will transform this <i>jíbaro</i> into something much better or much worse, for he will not remain content as he is when he can read, write, and see the world with his own eyes. In this education @@ -829,7 +791,7 @@ the power for good they have over him, and the confidence he reposes in them must be preserved. The labor he must perform to enrich the island must be dignified by his employer and by himself, or else the -hills will be deserted and the <i>jbaro</i> will become a +hills will be deserted and the <i>jíbaro</i> will become a vicious hanger-on of towns. Better homes, better means of communication with towns, now becoming an accomplished fact, better food, education, in which @@ -840,10 +802,10 @@ improve his condition. The planter who to-day sees the laborer must see in him the man whose bodily, mental, and moral development will make the plantation a success. The planter is the man of all men in -Porto Rico who must begin to help the <i>jbaro</i> upward +Porto Rico who must begin to help the <i>jíbaro</i> upward in order to emerge from his own present industrial depression. This lack of mental contact, of a common -ground of interest between the <i>jbaro</i> and the better +ground of interest between the <i>jíbaro</i> and the better class of Porto Ricans drives the former to charlatans for his medical advice, to the wild fruits and vegetables <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span> @@ -864,15 +826,15 @@ infirmity; without bacon and corn, without household furniture, with but one room for his entire family.</p> <p>"It is a specious excuse, nothing more nor less, which -avers that the <i>jbaro</i> is born the way he is and cannot +avers that the <i>jíbaro</i> is born the way he is and cannot be changed at this late day, that we must await a new generation, etc. On that principle we could expect very little from the antituberculosis crusades in New -York. The truth is that to change the <i>jbaro</i>, we +York. The truth is that to change the <i>jíbaro</i>, we must convince him that he will be bettered by the change, and he is sharp enough to change then, but the gist of all is that these changes must be begun by -the men to whom the <i>jbaro</i> has always looked for +the men to whom the <i>jíbaro</i> has always looked for light, and this means good hard work and much perseverance, tact, and genuine personal interest. From our acquaintance with the men to whom this burden @@ -881,7 +843,7 @@ good business men to realize the benefit they would get out of a healthy laboring class, but that the innate patriotism of the Porto Rican agriculturist and the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span> -deeper underlying sympathy for his <i>jbaro</i> will some +deeper underlying sympathy for his <i>jíbaro</i> will some day bring about reforms that they alone can make possible.</p> @@ -959,7 +921,7 @@ any object save to keep on living as generations have done before him. It has been our experience that when he is asked 'Why have you sought our dispensary?' the answer has almost invariably been, -'Because I can no longer work.' The <i>jbaro</i>, nevertheless, +'Because I can no longer work.' The <i>jíbaro</i>, nevertheless, has ever been the lever which has raised the bank account of Porto Rico, and with an average of 40 per cent of hemoglobin and two and a half millions @@ -967,7 +929,7 @@ of red corpuscles per cubic millimeter he has labored from sun to sun in the coffee plantation of the mountains, in the sugar estate of the coast land, and in the tobacco field of the foothills, in addition to his personal -coperation in other industries and commercial +coöperation in other industries and commercial enterprises. He is a sick man and deserves our highest respect, and merits our most careful attention as a vital element in the economic life of the island. The @@ -1262,7 +1224,7 @@ various sizes in the Island to-day:</p> <p>Of the owners and tenants of these farms 44,521 are white and 13,850 are colored. About 95 per cent of all the owned farms are free from mortgage. The -average size of the farms in Porto Rico is about 35 +average size of the farms in Porto Rico is about 35¾ acres.</p> <p>The experience of European countries has been that @@ -1876,7 +1838,7 @@ personal desires of the occupants, regard being taken only of the absolutely necessary conditions of environ<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span>ment. The houses of the poor, on the other hand, are the direct product of local environment. The hut -of the inland laborer of Porto Rico, the <i>jbaro</i>, is a +of the inland laborer of Porto Rico, the <i>jíbaro</i>, is a striking illustration of the effect of environment upon the type of house in which the poor live.</p> @@ -1990,7 +1952,7 @@ they cannot find work. There are times when many of them are hungry. They are not contented.</p> <p>"That the Porto Rican laborer is of cheerful disposition -is especially true of the so-called <i>jbaro</i>. He +is especially true of the so-called <i>jíbaro</i>. He has been obliged to find his joy in simple things. He greets you with a smile; he welcomes you to his house and cheerfully divides his cup of coffee with you; he @@ -2649,16 +2611,16 @@ as it stands at present.</p> <p>In addition to providing means by which people would be encouraged to own and manage small farms, -coperative organizations for providing a market for +coöperative organizations for providing a market for the products of these farms should be established. Undoubtedly, the government should start such a -movement. The spirit of coperation is not strong +movement. The spirit of coöperation is not strong in Porto Rico at the present time, and the small farm holder finds himself at a disadvantage when he has to compete with the larger producer and when he is obliged to find a market for his goods. Some such system as exists in Denmark, where the farmers of a -community have joined themselves into coperative +community have joined themselves into coöperative associations for selling their products and the purchase of necessary supplies, might very well be introduced into Porto Rico. This would tend not only to improve @@ -3262,7 +3224,7 @@ who published in 1834 "An account of Porto Rico," as follows:</p> <p>"The common white people, or lowest class (called -<i>jbaros</i>), swing in their hammocks all day long, smoking +<i>jíbaros</i>), swing in their hammocks all day long, smoking cigars and scraping their native guitars.... Most of these colonists are inconceivably lazy and indifferent. Lying back in their hammocks, the entire @@ -3278,7 +3240,7 @@ Ashford speak as follows:</p> <p>"What if these people were merely innocent victims of a disease, modern only in name? What if the brand placed by the Spaniard, the Englishman, and -the Frenchman in olden times upon the <i>jbaro</i> of Porto +the Frenchman in olden times upon the <i>jíbaro</i> of Porto Rico were a bitter injustice? The early reports savor strongly of those touristic impressions of the Island which from time to time crop out in the press of modern @@ -3768,7 +3730,7 @@ in proportion to its population, for the year 1915-16, was Arroyo, where there was one arrest for every 8.47 persons. This was followed by Salinas, with one arrest for every 8.82 persons. The town with the -best record was Las Maras, where there was one +best record was Las Marías, where there was one arrest for every 162.03 persons. On the basis of the records of the municipal courts for the three years of 1912-13, 1913-14, and 1914-15, the judicial districts @@ -3844,7 +3806,7 @@ each judicial district.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td class="tdl">Cguas</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdr">33.01</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> + <td class="tdl">Cáguas</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdr">33.01</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -3852,7 +3814,7 @@ each judicial district.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td class="tdl">Aasco</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdr">36.29</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> + <td class="tdl">Añasco</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdr">36.29</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -3860,7 +3822,7 @@ each judicial district.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td class="tdl">Manat</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdr">37.89</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> + <td class="tdl">Manatí</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdr">37.89</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -3884,11 +3846,11 @@ each judicial district.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td class="tdl">Bayamn</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdr">43.87</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> + <td class="tdl">Bayamón</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdr">43.87</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> </tr> <tr> - <td class="tdl">San Germn</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdr">44.70</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> + <td class="tdl">San Germán</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdr">44.70</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -3904,7 +3866,7 @@ each judicial district.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td class="tdl">San Sebastin</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdr">48.55</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> + <td class="tdl">San Sebastián</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> <td class="tdr">48.55</td> <td class="tdc">"</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -4577,7 +4539,7 @@ not a few have two, three, and even four, the tendency toward the centralized school growing steadily. In all, 24 new rural school buildings have been erected during the year. Most of these are -frame structures, but some are built of renforced +frame structures, but some are built of reënforced concrete and have a very pleasing appearance."</p> @@ -5041,7 +5003,7 @@ harm as good.</p> <p>Sixth.—The school is only one of the agencies for community up-building.</p> -<p>Seventh.—There must be coperation among the +<p>Seventh.—There must be coöperation among the rural life forces, all working together for a common end.</p> <p>Eighth.—The farmer, the country woman, the @@ -5060,7 +5022,7 @@ the statements quoted above, emphasis has been laid upon educational rallies, school farms, farmers' Chatauquas, and other means which have as their aim the idea of arousing community pride and community -coperation, not only for the benefit and betterment +coöperation, not only for the benefit and betterment of the school, but also for the benefit and betterment of the members of the community who are not of school age. A great deal of emphasis has been laid upon @@ -5754,7 +5716,7 @@ and were listed in the census as married instead of divorced.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td class="tdl">Herbart's Science of Education. From <i>Allgemeine Pdagogik</i></td> + <td class="tdl">Herbart's Science of Education. From <i>Allgemeine Pädagogik</i></td> <td class="tdr">1.00</td> </tr> @@ -5774,7 +5736,7 @@ and were listed in the census as married instead of divorced.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td class="tdl">Compayr's History of Pedagogy</td> + <td class="tdl">Compayré's History of Pedagogy</td> <td class="tdr">1.75</td> </tr> @@ -5834,7 +5796,7 @@ and were listed in the census as married instead of divorced.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td class="tdl">Compayr's Psychology Applied to Education</td> + <td class="tdl">Compayré's Psychology Applied to Education</td> <td class="tdr">.90</td> </tr> @@ -5951,7 +5913,7 @@ Edited by T. M. Balliet. Fully illustrated. 40 cents.</p> Schmitt. 24 cents.</p> <p><b>Tales From the Travels of Baron Munchausen.</b> Edited by Edward Everett Hale. -Illustrated by H. P. Barnes after Dor. 24 cents.</p> +Illustrated by H. P. Barnes after Doré. 24 cents.</p> <p><b>Muloch's The Little Lame Prince.</b> Preface by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward. Illustrated by Miss E. B. Barry. 32 cents.</p> @@ -5960,7 +5922,7 @@ Illustrated by Miss E. B. Barry. 32 cents.</p> <p class="center p2">FOR GRADES VI AND VII</p> <p><b>Lamb's Tales From Shakespeare.</b> Introduction by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward. -Illustrated by Homer W. Colby after Pill. 44 cents.</p> +Illustrated by Homer W. Colby after Pillé. 44 cents.</p> <p><b>Martineau's The Crofton Boys.</b> Edited by William Elliot Griffis. Illustrated by A. F. Schmitt. 36 cents.</p> @@ -5999,8 +5961,8 @@ after Leslie, Wheatley, and Wright. 28 cents.</p> <p><b>Jordan's True Tales of Birds and Beasts.</b> By David Starr Jordan. Illustrated by Mary H. Wellman. 44 cents.</p> -<p><b>Fouqu's Undine.</b> Introduction by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward. Illustrations -after Julius Hppner. 36 cents.</p> +<p><b>Fouqué's Undine.</b> Introduction by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps Ward. Illustrations +after Julius Höppner. 36 cents.</p> <p class="ht"><b>Melville's Typee</b>: Life in the South Seas. Introduction by W. P. Trent. Illustrated by H. W. Moore. 50 cents.</p> @@ -6165,7 +6127,7 @@ government they had learned in the countries from which they came. The significance and continuity of history are thereby made to contribute to the pupil's growing knowledge of American history.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Cloth. Illustrations and maps. 271 pages. 6 cents.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Cloth. Illustrations and maps. 271 pages. 6¼ cents.</i></p> <h3>HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES</h3> @@ -6201,382 +6163,6 @@ original. 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