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diff --git a/42845-h/42845-h.htm b/42845-h/42845-h.htm index 5bcbc77..4ebaabc 100644 --- a/42845-h/42845-h.htm +++ b/42845-h/42845-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Sea, by M. J. Michelet, a Project Gutenberg eBook. @@ -55,45 +55,7 @@ sup {font-size: .8em; position: relative; top: 0.2em; left: 0.3em;} </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Sea, by Jules Michelet - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: The Sea - (La Mer) - -Author: Jules Michelet - -Release Date: May 30, 2013 [EBook #42845] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SEA *** - - - - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Tom Cosmas, and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net from -files made available on The Internet Archive. - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42845 ***</div> <div class="fig_center"> <img src="images/cover.jpg" width="294" height="484" alt="" title="" /> @@ -134,7 +96,7 @@ files made available on The Internet Archive. <td> colspan="2"<i>THE CHILD</i> (<span class="smcap">L'ENFANT.</span>) (<i>In press.</i>)</td> </tr> <tr> - <td colspan="2"><i>THE INSECT</i> (<span class="smcap">L'INSÈCTE</span>) Its Life, Loves and Labors. (<i>In press.</i>)</td> + <td colspan="2"><i>THE INSECT</i> (<span class="smcap">L'INSÈCTE</span>) Its Life, Loves and Labors. (<i>In press.</i>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i>THE BIRD</i> (<span class="smcap">L'OISEAU.</span>) Its Life, Loves, and Labors. (<i>In press.</i>)</td> @@ -205,7 +167,7 @@ In the Clerk's office of the District Court of the Southern District of New York -<p class="caption2"><a name="EXTRACT_FROM_THE_LONDON_ATHENAEUM_Feb_9_1861" id="EXTRACT_FROM_THE_LONDON_ATHENAEUM_Feb_9_1861"></a>EXTRACT FROM THE LONDON ATHENÆUM, <span class="smcap">Feb. 9. 1861</span>.</p> +<p class="caption2"><a name="EXTRACT_FROM_THE_LONDON_ATHENAEUM_Feb_9_1861" id="EXTRACT_FROM_THE_LONDON_ATHENAEUM_Feb_9_1861"></a>EXTRACT FROM THE LONDON ATHENÆUM, <span class="smcap">Feb. 9. 1861</span>.</p> <p>'The Sea' is another of M. Michelet's dreamy volumes,—half science, @@ -363,7 +325,7 @@ it off until worn out, which says little for Oriental baths.</p> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdr">X.</td> - <td class="tdl"><a href="#BOOK_2_CHAPTER_X">Crustaceæ. Battle and Intrigue,</a></td> + <td class="tdl"><a href="#BOOK_2_CHAPTER_X">Crustaceæ. Battle and Intrigue,</a></td> <td class="tdr">202</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -1085,7 +1047,7 @@ tremulous—first symptom of the great approaching movement. The tide has heaved past Cherbourg and Barfleur, and turned sharply and violently round the lighthouse; its divided waters lave Calvados, rush upon -Havre and come to me at Étretat, at Fécamp, at +Havre and come to me at Étretat, at Fécamp, at Dieppe, to hurl themselves into the canal despite the strong Northern currents. It is for me to watch its hour. Its height, almost indifferent to the sandhills, @@ -1115,7 +1077,7 @@ desert on the seaward. A few, very few, sea plants survive the eternal crushing and grinding of the ever crushed and ever crushing pebbles driven hither and thither by every wave that every wind scourges -into motion. The molluscæ, and even the very fish +into motion. The molluscæ, and even the very fish shun this vexed shore. Great contrast that between an inland country so genial, and such a stern, rugged, threatening and inhospitable coast.</p> @@ -1177,7 +1139,7 @@ will prove too limited for this great living upburst, this triumphant revelation of the boundless fecundity of Nature. Such was my first impression of this sea, and when I saw the pictures in which genius has so well -marked its profound character, Ruysdaël's gloomy <i>Estacade</i> +marked its profound character, Ruysdaël's gloomy <i>Estacade</i> beyond any other painting in the Louvre has always irresistibly attracted me. Why? In the ruddy tints of those phosphorescent waters, I feel not the cold @@ -1280,7 +1242,7 @@ the geologist, but they yield to him only the bones of the dead. The stern granite, on the contrary, looks down upon the sea swarming with its piscine life, and supports upon its massive breast the humble, but none -the less interesting little molluscæ whose laborious life +the less interesting little molluscæ whose laborious life makes the serious charm, the great moral of the sea.</p> <p>And yet amidst all that teeming life there is a deep @@ -1362,7 +1324,7 @@ so capricious, that the greatest regularity exists. That which this globe of ours presents of the most rigidly regular, the most symmetrical, is just that which appears to be most utterly free, most entirely the mere sport of -unrestricted motion. No doubt, the vertebræ and the +unrestricted motion. No doubt, the vertebræ and the bones of that vast creature have peculiarities which we, as yet, are not qualified to comprehend. But its living <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> @@ -1546,7 +1508,7 @@ American craters.</p> and the Antilles, of the Cuban and the Javanese seas proceed two enormous streams of hot water, which are to warm the north, and which we may fitly term the -aortæ of the world. They are provided, beside or beneath, +aortæ of the world. They are provided, beside or beneath, with their two counter currents which, flowing from the north, bring cold water to compensate the flow of hot water and preserve the balance. To the two @@ -1607,7 +1569,7 @@ water spouts. So much nursing gentleness and so much destroying fury; have we not here a great contradiction? No, it proves only that the fury disturbs only the exterior and not any considerable depths. The -weakest creatures, shelled atomies, the microscopic medusæ, +weakest creatures, shelled atomies, the microscopic medusæ, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span> fluid creatures that a mere touch dissolves, availing themselves of the same current, sail, in all safety, @@ -1776,7 +1738,7 @@ Newfoundland, passing it beside or below, and thus getting its ices melted into immense fogs.</p> <p>A vast cloud of red animalcules, carried by a tempest -from Orinoco to France, explained the great aërial +from Orinoco to France, explained the great aërial current of the Southwest which brings to our Europe the rains that have their birth place in the far Cordilleras of South America.</p> @@ -1863,9 +1825,9 @@ that the two worlds should have but one thought.</p> <p>It is with a very real and masterly genius that Maury has demonstrated the harmony that exists between air -and water. As is the maritime ocean, so is the aërial +and water. As is the maritime ocean, so is the aërial ocean. Their alternating movements and the exchange -of their elements are precisely analogous. The aërial +of their elements are precisely analogous. The aërial ocean distributes heat over the world and making dryness or humidity. The latter, the air draws from the seas, from the infinity of the central ocean, and especially @@ -1885,7 +1847,7 @@ dispersing they hover in this misty region, forming, as it were, a ring of clouds around the globe.</p> <p>Here, then, we have pulsations both maritime and -aërial, different from the pulse of the tide. This latter +aërial, different from the pulse of the tide. This latter was external, impressed by other planets upon ours, but this pulse of various currents is inherent in the earth, it is her own veritable life.</p> @@ -2373,7 +2335,7 @@ the spicy odors of the far East.</p> <p>It seems to me that on these heaths the birds sing more beautifully than elsewhere. Never have I heard elsewhere such a lark as I listened to in July on the -promontory of Vallière, as she rose higher and higher, +promontory of Vallière, as she rose higher and higher, her dark wings gilded and glinting in the rays of the fast setting sun. Her notes coming from a height of probably a thousand feet were as sweet as they must @@ -2587,7 +2549,7 @@ the landward, every breath died away beneath the thick grey mists; and, unopposed, the upper winds swept the ominous storm-clouds shoreward.</p> -<p>When I reached the vineyards of Vallière, near St. +<p>When I reached the vineyards of Vallière, near St. George, hosts of people were busily at work, striving to improve the brief time during which they could hope to labor. The first heavy drops of rain came down, @@ -3045,8 +3007,8 @@ clamps of iron, the peaked summits of their towers. A glance at the much boasted, though really anything but artistic steeple of Strasbourg, will convince you of this. Our modern builders resort to no such rude expedients. -The Héaux beacon, recently erected by M. Reynaud on -the dangerous shoal of the Épées de Tréguier, displays +The Héaux beacon, recently erected by M. Reynaud on +the dangerous shoal of the Épées de Tréguier, displays all the sublime simplicity of some gigantic ocean tree. It has no buttresses, and it needs none; its foundation is sunk boldly and bodily into the living rock; from its @@ -3232,7 +3194,7 @@ of preservation.</p> <p>In the universal war carried on against the doomed race, it is the fierce giants of the deep that prevent the mass from dispersing, and drive it in dense shoals to -our shores. The whale, and the other cetaceæ, plunge +our shores. The whale, and the other cetaceæ, plunge into the living mass, swallow down whole tons, and drive shoreward the still vast, the seemingly undiminished, host. And at the shore commences quite another @@ -3312,7 +3274,7 @@ live and love, enjoy, struggle, suffer and die from the surface to the utmost depths of the sea. It has been affirmed that, in the absence of solar light, life, also, must be absent; yet the darkest depths of the sea are -studded with sea stars, living, moving, microscopic infusoriæ +studded with sea stars, living, moving, microscopic infusoriæ and molluscs. The dark crab, the phosphorescent seaworm, and a thousand strange and nameless <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span> @@ -3327,12 +3289,12 @@ Moon, and Stars.</p> <p>Gaze inquisitively and intelligently on a mere salt well and you at once perceive how prolific the ocean depths must be; that seeming deposit of dead and inert -matter hath its real life; it is a mass of infusoriæ, microscopic, +matter hath its real life; it is a mass of infusoriæ, microscopic, but organized and sentient. All voyagers on the wide Ocean concur in telling us that in their far wanderings they still and ever traverse living waters. Freynel saw millions of square yards covered by a -crimson glow—that glow, consisting of living animalculæ +crimson glow—that glow, consisting of living animalculæ so minute that a myriad is packed into every square inch. In the bay of Bengal, in 1854, Captain Kingman sailed for thirty miles through one vast white @@ -3342,7 +3304,7 @@ grey, in strange contrast with the brilliant whiteness beneath. Look closely and you see that that seeming snow is gelatinous; bring your microscope into play and you see that that seeming jelly is a mass of living, moving, -phosphoric animalculæ, flashing forth strange and +phosphoric animalculæ, flashing forth strange and marvellous lights.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span></p> @@ -3358,7 +3320,7 @@ immense space.</p> we vainly fancy that prolific nature must needs expire, the sea is enormously populous. Through waves two hundred miles by fifteen you sail through deep brown -waters, colored by microscopic medusæ, of which, de +waters, colored by microscopic medusæ, of which, de Schleiden tells us, more than a hundred and ten thousand live and love, battle, and die in every cubic foot. These productive and nourishing waters are supersaturated @@ -3425,7 +3387,7 @@ this contributes to the fanciful illusions presented to us by the world of waters. Its reflections are irregular, often strangely variegated, as, for instance, on the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span> -scales of fish and on the molluscæ, which seem to owe +scales of fish and on the molluscæ, which seem to owe to it the exquisite beauty of their pearly shells.</p> <p>It is that which most attracts and enchains the interest @@ -3447,13 +3409,13 @@ of shining and transparent substance, through which I could clearly see the sand and pebbles. Colorless as crystal, slightly, very slightly solid, tremulous when ever so slightly touched, it seemed to me as to the ancients -and to Réaumur, that which Réaumur so graphically +and to Réaumur, that which Réaumur so graphically named it—<i>gelatinised water</i>.</p> <p>Still more forcibly do we feel this impression when we discover in the early stage of their formation the yellowish white threads in which the sea makes her -first outlines of the fuci and algæ which are to harden +first outlines of the fuci and algæ which are to harden and darken to the strength and color of hides and leather. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span> But when quite young, in their viscuous state, and @@ -3461,7 +3423,7 @@ in their elasticity, they have the consistence of a solidified wave, all the stronger because it is soft. What we now know of the generation and the complex organization of the inferior creatures, animal or vegetable, -contradicts the explanation of Réaumur and the +contradicts the explanation of Réaumur and the ancients. But all this does not forbid us to return to the question which was first put by Borg. de Saint Vincent; viz: What is the <i>mucus</i> of the Sea? That viscuousness @@ -3478,8 +3440,8 @@ his reply, then retracting, or rather explaining his somewhat too simple and too absolute dictum, he added, "I should rather say a half organized and wholly organizable matter. In certain waters it is a dense mass -of infusoriæ, in others a matter which is not yet, but -which is to become infusoriæ. In fact, we have yet to +of infusoriæ, in others a matter which is not yet, but +which is to become infusoriæ. In fact, we have yet to begin, at all seriously, the study of this matter."</p> <p>This was spoken on the 17th of May, 1860.</p> @@ -3549,7 +3511,7 @@ the tale of the Universe. Let us be patient, and observe. Who can foresee or guess the history of this drop of water? Which will it first produce, the vegetable-animal, or the animal-vegetable? Will this drop -be the infusoriæ, the primitive <i>monad</i>, which, vibrating, +be the infusoriæ, the primitive <i>monad</i>, which, vibrating, shall shortly become <i>vibrion</i>, and ascending step by step, from rank to rank, polypus, coral, or pearl, may perchance in ten thousand years reach the dignity @@ -3571,7 +3533,7 @@ group of filaments, of finest and silkiest threads; a thousand times finer, it is believed, than the finest hair that adorns the head of woman. You are now looking upon the first timid attempt of life that is struggling to -achieve organization. These confervæ, these hair-weeds, +achieve organization. These confervæ, these hair-weeds, are to be found wherever there is stagnant water, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span> whether fresh or salt. They are the commencement @@ -3580,7 +3542,7 @@ of the sea which became terrestrial when the earth emerged from the watery depths. Once above and beyond the waters, they become the vast, the numberless Fungus-family; in the water, they are the hair-weeds, -the many-formed and many-named Algæ.</p> +the many-formed and many-named Algæ.</p> <p>This is the primitive, the indispensable element of organized vitality, and we find it even where we should, @@ -3628,7 +3590,7 @@ generation of the soft gelatinous germs of life have breathed before nature put forth its robust Trilobite and its imperishable ferns.</p> -<p>Let us be just to these conservæ; let us restore to +<p>Let us be just to these conservæ; let us restore to them their pretty obvious right to eldership in this glad <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span> and various world of ours. Be they animal or be they @@ -3864,7 +3826,7 @@ smiles and shakes his head. One is so certain of having solved the great mystery of the world and secured, laid down, once and forever, the true laws of life! It is for Nature to obey! When, a hundred years ago, -Réaumur was told that the female silk worm could produce +Réaumur was told that the female silk worm could produce alone and without the male, he denied it in the brief phrase—"Out of nothing, nothing comes." But the fact, often denied but always proved, is now thoroughly @@ -3874,7 +3836,7 @@ other creatures.</p> <p>In all times, in every nation, both the learned and unlearned have said, "Out of death cometh life." It -was especially supposed that the imperceptible animalculæ +was especially supposed that the imperceptible animalculæ immediately sprang up from the wrecks of death. Even Harvey, who first laid down the law of generation, did not venture to contradict that ancient belief, @@ -3886,7 +3848,7 @@ preceding life</i>.</p> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span> revived by the experiments of M. Ponchet. He has established the fact that from the remains of the -infusoriæ and other creatures, there proceeds a fecund +infusoriæ and other creatures, there proceeds a fecund jelly, the "prolific membrane" from which spring, not new beings, indeed, but the germs, the eggs from which new creatures will spring.</p> @@ -3920,7 +3882,7 @@ have collective beings like our polypus or coral insect, engaged in the servitude of a common life; and they have their minute molluscs which already display their minute and delicate shells; they have their swiftly -swimming fish and whirling insects, proud crustaceæ, +swimming fish and whirling insects, proud crustaceæ, miniatures of the future crabs, armed, like them, to the teeth; warrior, atoms that chase and devour inoffensive atoms.</p> @@ -4015,7 +3977,7 @@ seem to be satirically rehearsing the various farces which are played in our own noble and serious world, of atoms of larger growth!</p> -<p>At the head of the infusoriæ, we must make respectful +<p>At the head of the infusoriæ, we must make respectful mention of the majestic giants, the highest type of motion and of strength, slow, but terrible and great.</p> @@ -4142,7 +4104,7 @@ sensitiveness which promises, perception and <p>Charming oscillation, fascinating motion, most graceful <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span> equivoque! On the confines of the two kingdoms -of animal and vegetable life, Mind, under those faëry +of animal and vegetable life, Mind, under those faëry oscillations gives token of its first awakening, its dawn, its morning twilight, to be followed by a glorious and glowing noon. Those brilliant colors, those pearly and @@ -4166,7 +4128,7 @@ tint, commence the stone plants; the madrepores, whose branches (should we not rather say their hands and fingers?) flourish in a rose-tinted snow; like peach or apple blossoms. Seven hundred leagues on either side of -the Equator, you sail through this faëry land of magical +the Equator, you sail through this faëry land of magical illusion and wondrous beauty.</p> <p>There are doubtful creatures, the Corallines, for instance, @@ -4203,7 +4165,7 @@ expand and fade like the evanescent flower. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span> Thus the sea Anemone opens as a roseate and pearly flower, or as a granite star with deep blue eyes; but -when her corollæ have given forth an Anemone daughter, +when her corollæ have given forth an Anemone daughter, you see the fair mother droop, fade, die.</p> <p>Far otherwise variable, that Proteus of the waters, @@ -4323,7 +4285,7 @@ Exquisitely beautiful are they both; alike yet unlike, twins of innocence and fraternity. Oh who shall <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span> explain to us the mystery of the infant soul that created -these faëry things! We feel that it must be at work, +these faëry things! We feel that it must be at work, captive and yet free; captive in a captivity so beloved that though still tending upward towards freedom, it yet cares not fully to achieve it.</p> @@ -4333,7 +4295,7 @@ from which the world has derived so much benefit. The beautiful statue of Nature (at the entrance of the Jardin des Plantes) should have been surrounded by them; Nature should only be exhibited as she ever -lives, amidst faëry triumphs, enthroning her on a mountain +lives, amidst faëry triumphs, enthroning her on a mountain of her own beauties. Her first born, the Madrepores, would have furnished the lower strata with their meanders, their stars and their alabaster branches; @@ -4357,7 +4319,7 @@ too glaring to resemble these tender and soft creatures that have not even a skin. The little exterior lungs of the annelides, the slight net work in which certain of the Polypes float, the sensitive and ever-moving hairs which -support the Medusæ, are objects not merely delicate to +support the Medusæ, are objects not merely delicate to sight, but affecting to imagination. They are of every shade, fine and vague, yet warm; as though a balmy breath had become visible. You see an ever-varying, @@ -4424,14 +4386,14 @@ Blood-Flower.'"</p> <p>Our Museum of Natural History, within its too narrow -limits, contains a faëry palace in every part of which +limits, contains a faëry palace in every part of which we see the genius of metamorphoses of Lamarck and Geoffroy. In the dark lower hall the Madrepores serve as the base of the more and more living world that rises, stage above stage, above. Higher up the superior creatures of the sea display their energy of organization, and prepare the life of the terrestrials, -and above these, Mammiferæ, over which the lovely +and above these, Mammiferæ, over which the lovely birds spread their wings and almost seem to be still singing! The multitude of visitors pass quickly and with small show of interest from the Madrepores, those @@ -4471,11 +4433,11 @@ Museum, who, with the instinct of genius created, organized, and named the previously almost unknown class of Invertebrates; a class, nay, a whole world, a vast abyss of soft half organized life still destitute of -vertebræ; that bony centralization and essential support +vertebræ; that bony centralization and essential support of personality. These are all the more interesting <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span> because they are obviously the earliest of all—those -humble and so long neglected tribes. Réaumur placed +humble and so long neglected tribes. Réaumur placed the Crocodiles among the insects. The proud Buffon deigned not to know even the names of humble Invertebrates, he excluded them altogether from the Olympus @@ -4540,12 +4502,12 @@ and alabaster, which have passed through the crucible of the most destructive fires. At every advance, in our knowledge of the existing, we discover an enormous past of animal life. As soon as our improvements in -Optics enabled us to discover and to watch the Infusoriæ, +Optics enabled us to discover and to watch the Infusoriæ, we behold them making mountains and paving the ocean. The hard silex is a mass of animalcules, the sponge is an animated silex. Our limestones are all -animals; Paris is built with infusoriæ, a part of Germany -rests upon a newly buried bed of coral. Infusoriæ, +animals; Paris is built with infusoriæ, a part of Germany +rests upon a newly buried bed of coral. Infusoriæ, coral, shells, chalk and lime. They are constantly taking from the Ocean, but the fish, which devour the coral, restore it as chalk, and restore it to the waters @@ -4750,7 +4712,7 @@ Soul.</p> <p>I passed the early part of 1858 in the pleasant little -town of Hyères which, from afar, gazes down on the +town of Hyères which, from afar, gazes down on the sea, the islets and the peninsula by which its coast is sheltered. The sea, seen from this distance, is even more potently seductive than when one is on its very shore. @@ -4803,10 +4765,10 @@ tender body, it was also wounded and mutilated in its fine filaments, or hairs, which are its sensitive organs of respiration, absorption, and even love. And the whole creature thus thrown upside down was receiving -in full force the rays of the Provençal sun, severe in its +in full force the rays of the Provençal sun, severe in its first awakening and rendered still more severe by the dryness of the occasional gusts of the south-westerly -winds, the <i>Mistral</i> of our Provençal coasts. The +winds, the <i>Mistral</i> of our Provençal coasts. The transparent creature was thus doubly pierced, doubly tormented, accustomed as it was to the caressing sea, and unprovided with the resisting epidermis of land @@ -4848,7 +4810,7 @@ safely, she had left the rock far behind her.</p> <p>Poor creature, perhaps she got wrecked or stranded again, ere long, for it is impossible to navigate with weaker means or in a fashion more dangerous. The -Medusæ fear the shore where so many hard substances +Medusæ fear the shore where so many hard substances hurt them, and in the open sea they are liable to be overturned at every gust of wind, in which case, their swimming-feathers being above instead of below their @@ -4934,11 +4896,11 @@ above, and ill-ballasted below, she is formed in conditions exactly opposite to those of her parent, the Physalie. This latter displays on the surface of the water, only a little balloon, an insubmersible membrane -and below has infinitely long tentaculæ, of twenty feet +and below has infinitely long tentaculæ, of twenty feet or more, which steady her, sweep the waters, stupefy the fish, make prey of him. Light and careless, inflating her pearly balloon of blue or purple tints, she darts -from her long hairy tentaculæ a subtle and murderous +from her long hairy tentaculæ a subtle and murderous poison. Less formidable, the Velelles are no less secure. They have the form of <i>radeaux</i>, their minute organization is already somewhat solid, and they can @@ -4947,7 +4909,7 @@ Porpites, that seem to be only a flower, a sea Margaret, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span> have their own peculiar levity; even after death, they continue to float. It is the same with many other fantastic -and almost aërial beings, garlands with golden +and almost aërial beings, garlands with golden bells or with rosebuds—such as the Physopheres, Stephanomie, &c., azure girdles of Venus. All these swim and float invincibly, fear only the shore, and sail @@ -5001,7 +4963,7 @@ them, has been obliged to call to its aid both the Queens of History and the Goddesses of Mythology. Here we have the waving Berenice, whose rich hair floats another and brighter flood upon the flood; there we -have the little Orithya, the fair spouse of Eölus, who, +have the little Orithya, the fair spouse of Eölus, who, at the breathing of her husband, displays her pure, white urn, uncertain, and scarcely supported by her fine <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span> @@ -5012,7 +4974,7 @@ in Switzerland, I saw spreading themselves the wearied and idle cascades, which, having made too many turnings, seemed dropping with drowsiness and languor.</p> -<p>In the great faëry of the illumination of the sea on +<p>In the great faëry of the illumination of the sea on stormy nights, the Medusa has her separate part. Bathed, like so many other beings, in the phosphoric fluid with which they are all penetrated, she returns it @@ -5051,7 +5013,7 @@ gives it, and the sea takes it back again. Along the coasts and in the straits, the currents and the collisions, cause it to circulate the more powerfully, and each creature, according to its waters, takes more or less of it. -Here, immense surfaces of peaceable infusoriæ appear, +Here, immense surfaces of peaceable infusoriæ appear, like a milky sea, of a mild, white light, which, when more animated, turns to the yellow of burning sulphur; there their conical lights pirouette upon their own bases, @@ -5076,13 +5038,13 @@ horizon with their dancing and wild lights. Great fleets, more peaceful, float over the waves of lights. The Velelles, at night, light up their little craft. The Beroes are triumphant as flames. None more magical -than those of our Medusæ. Is it in part a physical effect +than those of our Medusæ. Is it in part a physical effect like that which gives their serpentine motion to the Salpas, injected with fire? Is it, as others think, and as some observations would lead us to believe, an act of aspiration? Is it a caprice, as with so many beings that throw out their sparkles and flashes of a vain and -inconstant joy? No, the noble and beautiful Medusæ, +inconstant joy? No, the noble and beautiful Medusæ, such as the crowned Oceanique, and the lovely Idonea, seem to express gravest thoughts. Beneath them, their luminous hair, like some sombre watch-light, gives @@ -5098,12 +5060,12 @@ us here below?</p> <p>We know that on land our fire flies, by their fire give the signal of the bashful yet eager lover who thus betrays -her retreat, and decoys her mate. Have the Medusæ +her retreat, and decoys her mate. Have the Medusæ this same sense? We know not; but thus much is certain, that they yield at once their flame and their life. The fecund sap, their generative virtue, escapes and diminishes at every gleam. If we desire the cruel -pleasure of redoubling this brilliant faëry, we have only +pleasure of redoubling this brilliant faëry, we have only to expose them to warmth. Then they become excited, flash, and become beautiful, oh, so exquisitely beautiful—and then the scene is at an end. Flame, @@ -5186,7 +5148,7 @@ familiar, indeed, and little worthy of the grandeur of such things, but which will make them understood:</p> <p>Nature, having long delighted to make, unmake, and -remake the Medusæ, thus infinitely varying the theme +remake the Medusæ, thus infinitely varying the theme of infant liberty, smote her forehead one morning, and said—"I have a new and a delicious idea. I forgot to secure the life of the poor creature. It can continue @@ -5231,7 +5193,7 @@ brilliant gifts of the molluscs; I covet neither pearl nor mother of pearl, much less the brilliant colors, the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span> gorgeous array which would discover and betray me; -least of all do I envy your silly medusæ, with the fatal +least of all do I envy your silly medusæ, with the fatal charm of their waving and fiery hair, which serves only to drown them, or give them a helpless prey to fish below or birds above. Oh, mother Nature, I ask but one @@ -5270,7 +5232,7 @@ separate at his will and pleasure.</p> <p>Let us see his history of creation.</p> <p>It was in a narrow creek of the Sea of Brittany, -where there was no soft bed of polypes and of Algæ, +where there was no soft bed of polypes and of Algæ, such as the sea hedge-hogs of the Indian Sea enjoy, in addition to their exemption from labor. Our Breton, on the contrary, was in presence of great peril and difficulty; @@ -5423,7 +5385,7 @@ own axis, and the general rotation.</p> <p>Even when emancipated from the egg, growing up, become adult, it will still remain the embryon, the soft mollusc. It will vaguely represent the progress of the -superior lives; it will be as the fœtus, as the larvæ or +superior lives; it will be as the fœtus, as the larvæ or nymph of the insect, in which, folded and hidden, there yet are the organs of the winged creature which is yet to come.</p> @@ -5611,7 +5573,7 @@ beauty; the hymeneal seclusion is lightened up by the gleaming and many-hued reflections of a little sea of mother of pearl, which, even when the house is closed <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span> -to the outer light, create a faëry, a mysterious, and a +to the outer light, create a faëry, a mysterious, and a most lovely twilight.</p> <p>It is a great consolation that when our poor prisoners @@ -5746,7 +5708,7 @@ woman.</p> <p class="caption3">THE SEA ROVERS (POULPE, &C.)</p> -<p>The Medusæ and the Molluscs are generally innocent +<p>The Medusæ and the Molluscs are generally innocent creatures, and I have thus far dwelt, as it were, with them in their amiable and peaceful world. Thus far I have met with few carnivora; and even those few killed @@ -5977,14 +5939,14 @@ of the dark blue waters of the Sea."</p> <p class="caption2"><a name="BOOK_2_CHAPTER_X" id="BOOK_2_CHAPTER_X"></a>CHAPTER X.</p> -<p class="caption3">CRUSTACÆ—BATTLE AND INTRIGUE.</p> +<p class="caption3">CRUSTACÆ—BATTLE AND INTRIGUE.</p> <p>If, from some rich collection of armor, of the middle ages, immediately after examining the mighty masses of iron in which our knights of old oppressed and half stifled themselves, we go to the Museum of Natural -History, and examine the armor of the Crustacæ, we +History, and examine the armor of the Crustacæ, we shall actually feel something very like contempt for our human skill. The former are a mere masquerade of absurd disguises, that seem especially designed for encumbering @@ -5994,7 +5956,7 @@ terrible <i>Decapodes</i>, the ten-footed warriors of the waters, are so marvellously armed that had they but the stature and bulk of our human warriors, none of us could dare even to look upon them. The <i>veni vidi</i> of -Cæsar, would be eternally followed by his soon-ended +Cæsar, would be eternally followed by his soon-ended <i>Vici</i>; they would not need to seize, or to strike; their very aspect would thrill, magnetise—utterly stupefy and subdue us.</p> @@ -6032,7 +5994,7 @@ we, at a glance, see, and sadden, as we see, the unsteady, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span> uncentralized creature; halting and staggering, that the slightest collision will beat to the earth. In the -crustacæ, on the contrary, the appendages are at once +crustacæ, on the contrary, the appendages are at once so firmly, so neatly, and so closely, conjoined to the short, rounded, and compacted body, that every blow, every touch, every grasp, has the whole weight, and the @@ -6058,7 +6020,7 @@ is seized, crushed, digested, and disappears.</p> Convexed, exterior, and <i>en facettes</i>, they can, at a glance, sweep almost the entire horizon.</p> -<p>The antennæ, the feelers, organs of touch and trial, +<p>The antennæ, the feelers, organs of touch and trial, of warning and of guiding, have the sense of touch at their extremities, of hearing and of scent, at their base. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span> @@ -6082,7 +6044,7 @@ which would so surely overcome me, I overcome by the very same weapon with which I smite, the very same implement by which I seize and masticate my food."</p> -<p>The chief and most potent enemies of the Crustacæ, +<p>The chief and most potent enemies of the Crustacæ, are the tempest and the rock. Little in the deep sea, they almost constantly lurk along shore in waiting for their prey. Often, as they lurk there waiting for @@ -6098,10 +6060,10 @@ organ, lost or mutilated. So well do they know that strange power, that they voluntarily shake off a claw, if confined by it. It would seem that Nature especially favors servants so useful. To counterbalance the infinite -fecundity of other species, the crustacæ have an +fecundity of other species, the crustacæ have an infinite power of absorption. And they are everywhere; on every coast; ubiquitous as the seas themselves. The -Vultures, and other carrion birds, share with the crustacæ +Vultures, and other carrion birds, share with the crustacæ the essential office of health preservers. Let some large animal die, and, on the instant, the bird above, and the crab below and within, are at work to @@ -6110,7 +6072,7 @@ prevent it from polluting the atmosphere.</p> <p>The Talitre, that small and skipping crab that we might almost mistake for an insect, burrows in the sands of the sandy shores. Let a tempest drive a quantity -of Medusæ or other such prey upon the beach, and +of Medusæ or other such prey upon the beach, and you will immediately see the sands all in motion, and myriads of crabs swarming, leaping, hungry, and apparently determined to clear away the spoil before the @@ -6139,10 +6101,10 @@ by these greedy creatures.</p> <p>No living creature can fight them with equal weapons. The gigantic Poulpe who should enlace the smallest of the crab family, would do so at the risk of -losing his antennæ, and the greediest of fish would not +losing his antennæ, and the greediest of fish would not venture to swallow so hard a morsel.</p> -<p>When the Crustaceæ are large they are the tyrants and +<p>When the Crustaceæ are large they are the tyrants and the terror of both land and sea; their impregnable armor enables them to attack everything. They would multiply to such an excess as to disturb the balance of living @@ -6198,7 +6160,7 @@ whose whole external frame work must be rent asunder and cast off. It is weak, timorous, crushed;—at the mercy of the first comer.</p> -<p>There are crustacæ of the fresh water that must thus +<p>There are crustacæ of the fresh water that must thus partially die a score of times in every two months. Others (the crustacean suckers) succumb to this terrible operation, are unable to renew their armor, and @@ -6211,7 +6173,7 @@ have to forage for them and to feed them.</p> itself, not only does it not suffer, but it even seems to enjoy that semblance of death, that unconscious life, which the infant enjoys in its warm cradle. But the -crustacæ, in their moulting time, see themselves and +crustacæ, in their moulting time, see themselves and feel themselves as they are, suddenly hurled from energetic <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></span> and terrible life and power to the most complete @@ -6232,10 +6194,10 @@ take both.</p> of man, more and more lord of the shores, and the extinction of the old species that afforded them such abounding alimentation, have necessarily kept -down the increase of the crustaceæ. Even the Poulpe +down the increase of the crustaceæ. Even the Poulpe which, being good for nothing, is neither hunted after nor eaten, has considerably decreased in number. How -much more so, then, the crustaceæ whose flesh is so excellent +much more so, then, the crustaceæ whose flesh is so excellent and so coveted by all creatures. They actually seem to be aware of this. The weaker among them resort to the grossest little rogueries to protect themselves; @@ -6296,7 +6258,7 @@ no creature had previously ever approached to.</p> of the glebe, and the Poulpe, with all his swelling and threatening pride, swimming badly and unable to walk or crawl at all, was still more completely the serf of -chance. The warlike crustaceæ, by turns so high and +chance. The warlike crustaceæ, by turns so high and so low, alternately the terror and derision of all, were at times the slave, the prey of even the weakest creatures.</p> @@ -6316,7 +6278,7 @@ which constantly occupied the attention of these poor beings. As to that one point, they produced masterpieces; the thorny ball of the Oursin, the shell at once open and closed of the Haliotide, and, finally, the armors -of jointed pieces of the Crustaceæ, are the very +of jointed pieces of the Crustaceæ, are the very perfection of armor at once defensive and terribly offensive. What more could be required? It would seem, <i>nothing</i>.</p> @@ -6329,7 +6291,7 @@ that shall consider the envelope as a merely secondary matter, and concentrate his whole strength within himself.</p> -<p>The crustaceæ shroud themselves, as it were, in an +<p>The crustaceæ shroud themselves, as it were, in an exterior skeleton. The fish has his skeleton within, to which nerves, muscles, and all organs are attached.</p> @@ -6338,7 +6300,7 @@ to good sense; to place the hard and the solid beneath <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span> the thick covering of the soft! To place the bone, so useful without, precisely where it seems it must be so -useless! The crustaceæ must needs have laughed in +useless! The crustaceæ must needs have laughed in derision when they first saw the short, thick, soft fish of the Indian Ocean, for instance, without defensive armor, having no strength save inwardly, protected only @@ -6375,7 +6337,7 @@ are within, and well protected. He uses them for contractile power, but does not, as the less perfect reptile and insect do, expose them to external injury.</p> -<p>Like the crustaceæ, the fish prefers strength to beauty, +<p>Like the crustaceæ, the fish prefers strength to beauty, and for this end has no neck; head and trunk form one mass. Admirable principle of strength, which enables him, in cleaving through so yielding an element as @@ -6395,7 +6357,7 @@ only his auxiliary oars, short fins which are but little in danger, being strong, slippery, and sharp to wound, or to scrape. How superior in all this is the fish, to the Poulpe and the Medusa, which present to all comers -soft flesh, a tempting morsel for the crustaceæ or the +soft flesh, a tempting morsel for the crustaceæ or the porpoise.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span></p> @@ -6740,7 +6702,7 @@ our herbivora. Like our ruminating animals they have a succession of stomachs where their nourishment is elaborated; they need no teeth and have none. They easily graze the living prairies of the sea, I mean the -gigantic, soft, and gelatinous, fucus, the beds of infusoriæ, +gigantic, soft, and gelatinous, fucus, the beds of infusoriæ, the banks of the imperceptible atoms. For such aliments the chase is not necessary. Having no occasion for war, they have no necessity for the sawlike @@ -6753,7 +6715,7 @@ pass unconsciously into the crucible of universal change.</p> <p>Not the slightest connection between this gentle race -of mammiferæ, which, like our own, have milk and red +of mammiferæ, which, like our own, have milk and red blood, and the monsters of an earlier age,—horrible abortions of the primitive mud! The Whale, of far <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span> @@ -6804,17 +6766,17 @@ favorable to the sense of touch. The thick blubber which so well protects him from the cold, does not at all guard him against hurts. His finely organized skin of six tissues shudders and vibrates in them all at every -blow, and their papillæ are most delicate instruments +blow, and their papillæ are most delicate instruments of touch. And all this is animated and made vivid by rich, red blood, which, even allowing for difference of bulk, is infinitely more abundant than that of the -terrestrial mammiferæ. The Whale, when wounded, +terrestrial mammiferæ. The Whale, when wounded, ensanguines the ocean to a great distance; the blood that we have in drops, is lavished upon him in torrents.</p> <p>The female is pregnant nine months. Her milk is sweetish and warm, like that of the human female. But -as she has always to breast the wave, her front mammæ, +as she has always to breast the wave, her front mammæ, if placed on the chest, would be exposed to all shocks; they are, therefore, placed a little lower on the belly. Here the young one is sheltered and safe from @@ -6995,9 +6957,9 @@ shrieks, and groans most harrowingly human.</p> <p>Behold me once more on shore. I had enough, and to -spare, of shipwreck. I want durable races. The Cetaceæ +spare, of shipwreck. I want durable races. The Cetaceæ must disappear. Let us moderate our conceptions, -and, of that gigantic faëry of the first-born mammalia, +and, of that gigantic faëry of the first-born mammalia, of milk and warm blood, let us preserve all except the giant.</p> @@ -7047,12 +7009,12 @@ two hind feet of the highest of the amphibious creatures.</p> <p>In the seas studded with islands, continually interposing <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[238]</a></span> -land, the cetaceæ, so frequently interrupted in their +land, the cetaceæ, so frequently interrupted in their passage, had to modify their habits accordingly. Their less rapid motion, and confined life, diminished their bulk, and from the Whale they were reduced to the sea Elephant, and reserving the memory of the superb -which had armed certain of the cetaceæ, in their grand +which had armed certain of the cetaceæ, in their grand sea life, the sea Elephant still has strong, but very harmless fore teeth. Even its masticating teeth are not precisely either herbivorous or carnivorous. They are @@ -7842,9 +7804,9 @@ satisfied upon the subject. He had been in Iceland to collect traditions, and on the other hand the Basques told him all that they knew about Newfoundland. A Gallician had been cast away there and had lived -there. Columbus selected for his associates the Pinçons, +there. Columbus selected for his associates the Pinçons, Andalusian pilots, who are with much probability -supposed to be identical with the Pinçons of Dieppe. +supposed to be identical with the Pinçons of Dieppe. We say that this is very probable because our Basques and Normans, subjects of Castile, were intimately connected. They are the same who, under the name of @@ -7854,7 +7816,7 @@ privileges on the <i>Castilians</i> settled at Honfleur and Dieppe; and, on the other hand, the men of Dieppe had trading establishments at Seville. It is not certain that a Dieppois found America four years before Columbus, -but it is about certain that these Pinçons of Andalusia +but it is about certain that these Pinçons of Andalusia were Norman privateers.</p> <p>Neither Basques nor Normans could obtain authority @@ -7879,10 +7841,10 @@ pressed upon her observation, that to discover the golden land, was the one thing needful to acquiring the ability to exterminate the Turk and to recover Jerusalem.</p> -<p>It is well known that of three ships the Pinçons +<p>It is well known that of three ships the Pinçons shipped two, and commanded them, and they led the way. One of them, indeed, mistook his course, but the -others, Francis Pinçon and his younger brother Vincent, +others, Francis Pinçon and his younger brother Vincent, pilot of the vessel <i>Nina</i>, signalled to Columbus, on the 12th of October, 1492, to steer to the south-west. Columbus, who was on a westerly course, would have @@ -7891,7 +7853,7 @@ directly thwart hawse, and he would have crossed that liquid wall only with the greatest difficulty. He would have perished, or would have made such little way that his discouraged crew would have mutinied. On -the contrary, the Pinçons, who probably had collected +the contrary, the Pinçons, who probably had collected some traditions on the subject, steered as though they were well acquainted with the current; they did not attempt to cross it in its force, but keeping well to the @@ -7900,23 +7862,23 @@ southward, crossed without difficulty and made the exact spot where the trades blow directly from Africa to America in the latitude of Haiti. This is proved from the journal of Columbus himself, who candidly avows -that he was guided by the Pinçons.</p> +that he was guided by the Pinçons.</p> -<p>Who first saw America? One of Pinçon's sailors, if +<p>Who first saw America? One of Pinçon's sailors, if we may put any confidence in the report of the royal enquiry of 1513.</p> <p>From all this it would seem pretty plain that a good share of both the glory and the gain ought to have been -awarded to the Pinçons. They thought the same, and +awarded to the Pinçons. They thought the same, and commenced legal proceedings, but the king decided in favor of Columbus. Why? Apparently because the -Pinçons were Normans, and Spain preferred to recognize +Pinçons were Normans, and Spain preferred to recognize the right of a Genoese, without national feeling, than that of French subjects of Louis XII, and of Francis I, to whom, as French subjects, they might some day, from fear or favor, transfer their rights. One of -the Pinçons died of despair, caused by this very manifestly +the Pinçons died of despair, caused by this very manifestly unjust decision.</p> <p>But still, who had overcome the great obstacle of @@ -8591,7 +8553,7 @@ icy particles, where the air is full of mirrors and little crystals. Hence, the most astonishing mirages, rendering one uncertain whether he may take the evidence of his own eyes as to the reality of any thing that he -thinks he sees. Merely aërial reflections and colored +thinks he sees. Merely aërial reflections and colored mists appear solid masses, castles, cathedrals, islands,—anything; and what you see upright at one moment, is upside down a moment afterwards. The strata of air @@ -9174,7 +9136,7 @@ great extent, the animals feel and love, even as we do. Certain it is that they have a singular and very decided taste for music. The very Shad, simple as they seem, will follow you to the sound of bells; Valence tells us; -and Noël tells us that he has often seen the poor Whale, +and Noël tells us that he has often seen the poor Whale, the Joubarde roll and frolic around the bark, delighted with the music, and, fearless of the <i>man</i>!</p> @@ -9203,7 +9165,7 @@ enough to take care of itself.</p> <p>The Hare, in its timid and ever anxious life, the Bat, that strange prowler in the dark night hours, are very -very tender of their families. The Crustaceæ, even, +very tender of their families. The Crustaceæ, even, nay, even the very Poulpes have their marital affection; take the female and the male is sure to be there, to combat vainly, and to be taken with her.</p> @@ -9351,7 +9313,7 @@ the angels!"</p> <p class="caption3">THE LAW OF THE OCEAN.</p> -<p>A great and deservedly popular writer, Eugene Noël, +<p>A great and deservedly popular writer, Eugene Noël, who throws a bright, broad light upon every subject which he touches, most truly says, in his important work on Pisciculture, the following words: "We might @@ -9447,7 +9409,7 @@ obstacles! Such are the Fish!</p> Season of the Ocean</i>? The young and the pregnant females, should be held sacred, more especially as to those species which are not superabundantly productive, such -as the Cetacæ, and the Amphibii. To kill, is a necessity +as the Cetacæ, and the Amphibii. To kill, is a necessity of our nature, our teeth and stomach sufficiently testify to that; but that very necessity obliges us to preserve life.</p> @@ -9480,7 +9442,7 @@ half a century. That great, that really magnificent species, will then repair its losses. Being no longer persecuted, it will return to the temperate zone, which is its natural climate, where it will find its natural food in the -abounding animalculæ of the comparatively warm waters. +abounding animalculæ of the comparatively warm waters. Being thus restored to its natural climate and its natural food, it will regain its old gigantic proportions. Let the old rendezvous of their Love be held sacred, @@ -9925,7 +9887,7 @@ to the ailing. To pass, as so many do, from Paris to the Mediterranean in twenty-four hours, passing at every hour into a different climate, is as perilous a thing as a nervous person can do. You arrive agitated, -giddy. When Madame de Sevigné took a whole month +giddy. When Madame de Sevigné took a whole month to travel from Brittany to Provence, she proceeded by slow and calculated degrees from one climate to another, and its opposite. She proceeded, by slow degrees, @@ -9936,7 +9898,7 @@ by the upper Rhone into Dauphiny, she, with the greater safety and comfort, braved the free winds of Valence and of Avignon; then, halting awhile, and resting at Aix, in the interior of Provence, far from the -Rhone and from its shores, she made herself Provençal +Rhone and from its shores, she made herself Provençal in lungs.</p> <p>France has the enviable advantage of being between @@ -10067,7 +10029,7 @@ young mother, made weak by too frequent parturition, we must select some milder shelter. And such a warm and always calm shelter, you will find, without going further South, among the sleepy little isles -and peninsulæ of Morbihan. These isles form a +and peninsulæ of Morbihan. These isles form a labyrinth more perplexed than that in which the English king sheltered his fair Rosamond. Entrust your own treasure to that shelter, and none shall know of her @@ -10105,7 +10067,7 @@ lady's gentle footstep on the sea-weed carpet of that strand.</p> <p>In an intermediate climate which is neither North nor -South, neither Brittany nor Vendëe, I have visited +South, neither Brittany nor Vendëe, I have visited again and again, and always with pleasure, the pretty and staid shelter of Ponice, with its frank seamen and its pretty girls, with their conical hats. It is a pretty @@ -10155,7 +10117,7 @@ times.</p> about to be so, she is very weak, and her young child is weaker still. The Winter has been hard upon them, and the Spring still harder. Yet it is only weakness;—lassitude, -the <i>tedium vitæ</i> which Byron truly calls "more +the <i>tedium vitæ</i> which Byron truly calls "more terrible than death itself." And she is sent to the sea-side for the Summer.</p> @@ -10617,10 +10579,10 @@ to her; why she enters as one so thoroughly at home, into the great mystery of Nature? It is because she is Nature herself.</p> -<p>In the depths of the unctuous waters the small algæ, +<p>In the depths of the unctuous waters the small algæ, small, but unctuous and nourishing, and other little plants of delicate and pretty figures, form a miniature -prairie which is browsed by a vast herd of molluscæ, +prairie which is browsed by a vast herd of molluscæ, Limpets, Whelks, and a hundred other species, watch, wait, feed, there, and to-morrow you will find them there still. But do you therefore suppose that they are @@ -10658,7 +10620,7 @@ yourself off for an innocent mollusc! Your bad conscience agitates you too much."</p> <p>On the shore of our ocean, strangers to these movements, -the animated flowers expand their corollæ. +the animated flowers expand their corollæ. Near to the heavy anemone those charming little annelides appear in the sunlight. From a tortuous tube rises a disc, an umbrella, white or lilac, sometimes flesh @@ -10904,7 +10866,7 @@ substance is so surpassingly good. The careworn merchant, who, from three months to three months, has only with utmost difficulty saved the bark in which the destiny of his wife and children is exposed to shipwreck; -the administration victim; the employé, worn +the administration victim; the employé, worn well nigh to death by the injustice and tyranny of the offices—these suffering captives, are released, for a brief space, from their galling chains, and the tender @@ -11027,7 +10989,7 @@ which, in the individual, exists between the diverse elements; let us accept the superior Law which unites the living members of the same body—Humanity; and, still more, let us accept and respect the supreme Law -which makes us create and coöperate with the Great +which makes us create and coöperate with the Great Soul, associated as we are—in proportion with our powers,—with the loving Harmony of the world—copartners in the Life of God.</p> @@ -11152,7 +11114,7 @@ heaves in silence. (Ial. Arch II. 522). And in the merchant service, the great fisheries are almost worked out. The profits of the Whale Fishery belong, almost <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_384" id="Page_384">[384]</a></span> -entirely, to the outfitter. (Boitard, Diet. art. Cetaceæ, +entirely, to the outfitter. (Boitard, Diet. art. Cetaceæ, Whales, &c.) The Cod has diminished, the Mackerel grows more and more scarce. A very precious little book (<i>The Story of Rose Duchenin</i>, by herself) gives @@ -11162,7 +11124,7 @@ to write that book from the dictation of that Fisherman's Wife, without altering a word of hers, or adding a word of his own.</p> -<p>Étretat is not, properly speaking, a port. Situated +<p>Étretat is not, properly speaking, a port. Situated little, if any, above the level of the Sea, and defended only by the pebbly bar which the sea has washed in, it is but poorly sheltered. And consequently, it is necessary @@ -11224,7 +11186,7 @@ advice will,—if such advice be resolutely acted upon, <i>economise the Sea and</i> revive that Fishery which is the very nursery of Seamen; and in the next place, the Law, less exclusively caring for the interests of the -real <i>élite</i>, the real flower and elect of the country, in no +real <i>élite</i>, the real flower and elect of the country, in no wise to be compared to those great masses from which we draw our soldiery, but who, under given circumstances, will be able to cut the Gordian knot of the @@ -11679,7 +11641,7 @@ On the water, consult the Introduction to Deville's <i>Annual of the Waters of France</i>; Aime's <i>Annale's de Chimie</i> II., V., XII., XIII., and XV. Morren, the same, I, and Acad de Bruxelles, XIV., &c. On the saltness of the Sea Chapman quoted by Tricaut <i>Ann. -de Hydrographie</i> XIII., 1857, and Thomassy's <i>Bulletin de la Société +de Hydrographie</i> XIII., 1857, and Thomassy's <i>Bulletin de la Société Geographique</i>, 4 June, 1860.</p> <p>I did not thoroughly comprehend the Shore of <i>Saint Michel en Greve</i> @@ -11689,7 +11651,7 @@ ideas. I speak elsewhere of his excellent views on the Fisheries.</p> <p>In speaking (<a href="#BOOK_1_CHAPTER_III">Chap. III.</a>) of Brittany, I must acknowledge my obligation to the book of Cambry which formerly gave me my first ideas upon -that subject. It should be read in the edition which Émile Souvestre +that subject. It should be read in the edition which Émile Souvestre <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_403" id="Page_403">[403]</a></span> enriched, and we may say doubled, with his excellent notes and notices which thenceforth made us thoroughly acquainted with the <i>Derniers @@ -11711,7 +11673,7 @@ reverend minister Jarousseau, so admirably heroic in saving his enemies. His small house, still standing, is a veritable Temple of Humanity.</p> <p><span class="smcap">Notes to Book 2.</span> <a href="#BOOK_2_CHAPTER_I">Chapter I</a>, <i>Fecundity</i>. On the Herring, see Vol. -I of De Reste's translation of an anonymous Dutch work; Noël de la +I of De Reste's translation of an anonymous Dutch work; Noël de la Moriniere in his excellent works printed and unpublished; Valenciences' <i>Poissons</i>, &c.</p> @@ -11746,10 +11708,10 @@ and <a href="#BOOK_2_CHAPTER_V">5</a>) besides Forster, Peron and Dawin consult Lamouroux, <i>Polypes Flexibles</i>; Milne Edwards, Polypes and Ascidies of the Channel, &c. On the Calcaire, see the two Geologies of Lyell.</p> -<p><a href="#BOOK_2_CHAPTER_VI">Chapter VI.</a> <i>Medusæ, Polypes, &c.</i> See Ehrenberg, Lession, Dujardin, +<p><a href="#BOOK_2_CHAPTER_VI">Chapter VI.</a> <i>Medusæ, Polypes, &c.</i> See Ehrenberg, Lession, Dujardin, &c. Forbes shows by vegetable analogies that these animal metamorphoses are very simple phenomena. Annals of Nat. History, -December, 1844. See also his excellent dissertations, <i>Medusæ</i>, in +December, 1844. See also his excellent dissertations, <i>Medusæ</i>, in quarto, 1849.</p> <p><a href="#BOOK_2_CHAPTER_VII">Chapter VII.</a> <i>The Oursin or Sea Hedgehog.</i> See the curious dissertations @@ -11765,7 +11727,7 @@ Sciences Nat., first series, Vol. V. p. 214, and second series Vols. 3, 16, and 17; Robin and Secord, Locomotion of Cephalapodes, Revue de Zoology, 1849, p. 333.</p> -<p><a href="#BOOK_2_CHAPTER_X">Chapter X.</a> <i>Crustaceæ.</i> Besides the classical and important work +<p><a href="#BOOK_2_CHAPTER_X">Chapter X.</a> <i>Crustaceæ.</i> Besides the classical and important work of Milne Edwards, I have consulted d'Orbigny and various travelers. See, also, the fine Atlas of Dumont d'Urville.</p> @@ -11906,7 +11868,7 @@ the French of Michelet. 12mo. muslin, $1.00 (in press).</p> Palmer. 12mo. muslin, $1.00 (in press).</p> -<p class="caption3"><i>THE INSECT (L'INSÈCTE).</i></p> +<p class="caption3"><i>THE INSECT (L'INSÈCTE).</i></p> <p>From the French of M. Michelet, translated by Dr. J. W. Palmer. 12mo. muslin, $1.00 (in press).</p> @@ -11921,7 +11883,7 @@ Palmer. 12mo. muslin, $1.00 (in press).</p> <p class="caption3"><i>THE MORAL HISTORY OF WOMEN.</i></p> <p>An Offset to "L'Amour," translated from the French of -Ernest Legouvé by Dr. Palmer. 12mo. muslin, $1.00.</p> +Ernest Legouvé by Dr. Palmer. 12mo. muslin, $1.00.</p> <p class="caption3"><i>VICTOIRE.</i></p> @@ -11931,7 +11893,7 @@ Ernest Legouvé by Dr. Palmer. 12mo. muslin, $1.00.</p> <p class="caption3"><i>THE CULPRIT FAY.</i></p> -<p>A faëry poem by Joseph Rodman Drake. Elegantly +<p>A faëry poem by Joseph Rodman Drake. Elegantly printed on tinted paper. 12mo. muslin, 50 cts.</p> @@ -11997,7 +11959,7 @@ following list of changes were made.</p> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_32">32</a></td> - <td class="tdl">Eloretat => Étretat and Fecamp => Fécamp</td> + <td class="tdl">Eloretat => Étretat and Fecamp => Fécamp</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_98">98</a></td> @@ -12005,7 +11967,7 @@ following list of changes were made.</p> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_99">99</a></td> - <td class="tdl">Hèaux => Héaux and Epees de Treguier => Épées de Tréguier</td> + <td class="tdl">Hèaux => Héaux and Epees de Treguier => Épées de Tréguier</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_133">133</a></td> @@ -12034,7 +11996,7 @@ following list of changes were made.</p> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_236">236</a></td> - <td class="tdl">Cataceæ => Cetaceæ</td> + <td class="tdl">Cataceæ => Cetaceæ</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdl"><a href="#Page_402">402</a></td> @@ -12055,382 +12017,6 @@ in the public domain.</p> </div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Sea, by Jules Michelet - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SEA *** - -***** This file should be named 42845-h.htm or 42845-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/2/8/4/42845/ - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Tom Cosmas, and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net from -files made available on The Internet Archive. - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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