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diff --git a/42825-8.txt b/42825-8.txt deleted file mode 100644 index b0f4fe0..0000000 --- a/42825-8.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13245 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Flower Garden Directory, by -Thomas Hibbert and Robert Buist - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: The American Flower Garden Directory - Containing Practical Directions for the Culture of Plants, - in the Hot-House, Garden-House, Flower Garden and Rooms - or Parlours, for Every Month in the Year - -Author: Thomas Hibbert - Robert Buist - -Release Date: May 27, 2013 [EBook #42825] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN DIRECTORY *** - - - - -Produced by Barbara Tozier, Emil Pop, Bill Tozier and the -Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net -(This file was produced from images generously made -available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - - - - -[Illustration: Camellia Fimbriata.] - - THE AMERICAN - - FLOWER GARDEN DIRECTORY, - - CONTAINING - - PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS FOR THE CULTURE OF PLANTS, - - IN THE - - =HOT-HOUSE, GARDEN-HOUSE, FLOWER GARDEN AND - ROOMS OR PARLOURS,= - - FOR EVERY MONTH IN THE YEAR. - - With - - A DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANTS MOST DESIRABLE IN EACH, THE NATURE OF - THE SOIL AND - SITUATION BEST ADAPTED TO THEIR GROWTH, THE PROPER SEASON FOR - TRANSPLANTING, &c. - - INSTRUCTIONS FOR ERECTING A - - Hot-house, Green-house, and laying out a Flower Garden. - - ALSO - - _Table of Soils most congenial to the Plants contained in the Work_. - - THE WHOLE ADAPTED TO EITHER LARGE OR SMALL GARDENS, - - WITH - - LISTS OF ANNUALS, BIENNIALS, AND ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS, - - CONTENTS, A GENERAL INDEX, - - AND A FRONTISPIECE OF CAMELLIA FIMBRIATA. - - By HIBBERT AND BUIST. - EXOTIC NURSERYMEN AND FLORISTS. - - PHILADELPHIA: - E. L. CAREY & A. HART--CHESNUT STREET. - BOSTON: - ALLEN & TICKNOR. - 1834. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -This volume owes its existence principally to the repeated requests of a -number of our fair patrons, and amateur supporters, whose enquiries and -wishes for a practical manual on Floraculture, at last induced us to -prepare a work on the subject. That now offered is given unaffectedly -and simply as a plain and easy treatise on this increasingly interesting -subject. It will at once be perceived that there are no pretensions to -literary claims--the directions are given in the simplest manner--the -arrangement made as lucidly as was in our power--and the whole is -presented with the single wish of its being practically useful. How far -our object has been attained of course our readers must judge. Nothing -has been intentionally concealed; and all that is asserted is the result -of minute observation, close application, and an extended continuous -experience from childhood. We pretend not to infallibility, and are not -so sanguine as to declare our views the most perfect that can be -attained. But we can so far say, that the practice here recommended has -been found very successful. - -Some very probably may be disappointed in not having the means of -propagating as clearly delineated as those of culture; but to have -entered into all the minutiæ connected therewith, would have formed -materials for two volumes larger than the present. We might have -described that branch, as it has already been done in works published -both on this continent and in Europe. In one of the former it is said, -"You may now propagate many kinds (_Exotic Plants_) by suckers, -cuttings, and layers, which should be duly attended to, particularly -such as are scarce and difficult to be obtained." And the directions -given in one of the most extensive works in Europe on the propagation of -an extensive genus, varied in character and constitution, run thus: -"Cuttings of most kinds will strike root. From the strongest growing -kinds, take off large cuttings at a joint, and plunge them in a pot of -sand under a hand-glass in the bark bed. Of the smaller kinds take -younger kinds, and put them under a bell-glass, also plunged in heat. -The sooner the plants are potted off after they are rooted the better." - -Such instructions to the inexperienced, are imperfect and unavailing, -which, we flatter ourselves, is not the character that will attach to -the present work. We are well aware that there are persons, who, to show -their own superior abilities, may cavil and say that there is nothing -new. To such critics it may be answered, if arranging, simplifying, -digesting, and rendering Floraculture attainable by the humblest -capacity, with useful lists and tables on a plan quite novel, as we -believe--offer nothing new, it may at least be called an improvement. -However, we submit all to a generous public, to whom we are already -under many obligations. - - HIBBERT & BUIST. - - _Philadelphia, April 18th, 1832._ - - - - -INTRODUCTION. - - -In presenting this work, constructed as a monthly calendar, which is the -most simple and easy method to convey the necessary operations of the -year, considerably more labour has been expended, than was at first -expected, to render it as accurate as possible. Some verbal mistakes may -have been overlooked in the botanical names. Where such occur, the list -of names at the end of the volume will enable the reader to correct -them; as well as the accentuation. For such other errors as may be -discovered, the indulgence of the reader is solicited. - -Frequently, in the description of plants, there are Botanical and -English names compounded, in order the more clearly to elucidate their -several parts to those who are not fully acquainted with scientific -terms. The description of the colour of flowers and habits of plants -will be useful to such as are at a great distance from collections, in -enabling them to make selections judiciously. - -Those plants described and recommended have all, with a few exceptions, -passed under our own observation, and are generally such as are most -worthy of attention, either for beauty of flower, foliage, or habit, -together with those celebrated in arts and medicine. Many may possibly -have passed unobserved, either from their being very generally known, or -difficult to obtain; but in no case has there been suppression from -selfish motives. Where the words "our collections" occur, it is meant -for those of the country generally, and especially those immediately in -the vicinity of Philadelphia. In all our observations, no regard has -been paid to what has been written by others, either in the way of -depreciation, or of particular appreciation. Perhaps some other -cultivators may differ from us respecting culture and soil; however this -may be, we rest satisfied, as our work is designedly and professedly -given as the result of our own experience, the plan laid down is our own -routine of culture, and the soils are those which we adopt. We do not -say that there is no soil in which the plants will not grow better, -fully aware that every art and profession is subject to improvement. The -table of soils has been constructed at the expense of much labour, and -condensed as much as possible; to every one that has a single plant it -will be found invaluable. Many are the publications in Europe on -Gardening and Floraculture, the directions in which, when practised in -the United States, prove almost a perfect dead letter. A work adapted to -the climate must be the guide in this country, and not one which is -foreign to us in every respect. On this account a work like the present -has been a desideratum, considering the rapidly increasing and -interesting advancement of the culture of flowers amongst the fair -daughters of our flourishing republic. - -To aid them and others seeking information in this instructive and -delightful pursuit--to enable them to examine more minutely, and judge -more correctly of the qualities, properties, and beauties of -plants--have been prominent objects in this publication. Here, as -knowledge is increased, the warmer will be the devotion of the delighted -student; and as the mind correspondingly expands, the desire for further -information will keep pace--advancing constantly in the development of -nature, the mind will participate in the enjoyment, and become -meliorated and purified--as the study of nature's works inevitably lead -to the contemplation of nature's God, and the result of the whole prove -a harmonious combination of personal gratification and mental -improvement. - - - - - TABLE OF CONTENTS. - - =HOT-HOUSE.= - - _JANUARY._ Page - - Of Temperature, 9 - Firing and Fuel, ib. - Watering 11 - Insects, to destroy, 12 - Shifting Plants, 17 - Cleaning do., &c., 19 - - - _FEBRUARY._ - - Of Temperature, 33 - Insects, 34 - Shifting Plants, 35 - Cleaning do. and House, 37 - - - _MARCH._ - - General Observations, 56 - Of Shifting Plants, 57 - - - _APRIL._ - - Of Temperature, 168 - Observations in general, 169 - - - _MAY._ - - Of Repotting Plants, 219 - Hot-house Plants described, ib. - Of bringing out the Hot-house Plants, 255 - Succulents 257 - - - _JUNE & JULY._ - - General Observations, 272 - - - _AUGUST._ - - Of Repotting, 284 - Repairing the House, ib. - - - _SEPTEMBER._ - - Of Dressing the Plants, 298 - Taking in do., ib. - - - _OCTOBER._ - - Of Airing and Temperature, 311 - - - _NOVEMBER._ - - Of Temperature, 326 - Cistern and Water, ib. - - - _DECEMBER._ - - Of Firing, 337 - Shutters, ib. - Placing Bulbs in the Hot-house, 338 - - - =GREEN-HOUSE.= - - _JANUARY._ - - Green-house, 20 - Of Temperature, 21 - Watering, ib. - Camellia Japonica, 22 - Oranges, Lemons, &c., 24 - Cape Bulbs, &c., ib. - Hyacinths, &c., 25 - - - _FEBRUARY._ - - Of Temperature, 38 - Watering, 39 - Oranges and Lemons, ib. - Bulbs, 40 - Camellia Japonica, 41 - Shifting, ib. - Cleaning, &c., 43 - - - _MARCH._ - - Of Temperature, 57 - Watering, 58 - Oranges and Lemons, ib. - Myrtles and Oleanders, 59 - Geraniums, 60 - Herbaceous plants, ib. - Cape Bulbs, ib. - Repotting, 61 - Enarching, 127 - - - _APRIL._ - - Of Repotting, 170 - Watering, ib. - Oranges and Lemons, 171 - Myrtles and Oleanders, 173 - Geraniums, ib. - Of Herbaceous Plants and Bulbs, 174 - Flowering Plants, 175 - Insects, ib. - Flowering Stocks, 176 - - _MAY._ - - Of bringing out the Green-house Plants, 258 - Repotting Plants, 259 - Camellias, 264 - Cape Bulbs, 265 - - _JUNE & JULY._ - - General Observations, 273 - - _AUGUST._ - - Of Geraniums, 286 - Oranges and Lemons, 287 - Pruning do., 289 - Repotting Plants, ib. - - _SEPTEMBER._ - - Of Repairing the House, 300 - Watering, 301 - Preparing for taking in the Plants, ib. - Stocks and Wall-flowers, 302 - Chrysanthemums, ib. - Cape and Holland Bulbs, 303 - Repotting, 306 - - _OCTOBER._ - - Of taking in and arranging the Plants, 312 - Repotting, 313 - Camellias, 315 - - _NOVEMBER._ - - Of Air and Water, 327 - Tender Bulbs, 328 - - _DECEMBER._ - - Of Temperature, 340 - Bulbous Roots, 341 - - - FLOWER-GARDEN. - - _JANUARY._ - - Flower Garden, 25 - - Of Framing, &c. 26 - Pruning, 27 - - _FEBRUARY._ - - Of Pruning, 44 - Planting Shrubs, 48 - Hyacinths and other Bulbs, 51 - Framing, ib. - - _MARCH._ - - Of Planting Box Edgings, 130 - Sowing Tender Annuals, 131 - Sowing Hardy " 132 - Sowing Biennials, 133 - Planting Perennials, ib. - Bulbous Roots, 152 - Repotting Carnations, Pinks and Primroses, 153 - Auriculas, 154 - Ranunculus and Anemone, 155 - Roses, planting, ib. - Pruning Climbing Roses, 159 - Planting Ornamental Shrubs, ib. - Grass-plats and Walks, 160 - Gravel-walks, 162 - Fancy-edgings, ib. - Grafting, 163 - - _APRIL._ - - Of Annuals, 178 - Biennials and Perennials, 179 - Dahlias, 180 - China Roses, 182 - Climbing " 189 - " Plants, 196 - Deciduous Shrubs, 199 - Planting Evergreens, ib. - Care of choice Bulbs, 201 - Anemone and Ranunculus, 203 - Auriculas, 204 - Carnations and Pinks, ib. - Polianthus tuberosa, 205 - Jacobea Lily, &c. 207 - Tiger-flower, 208 - Walks, 209 - Evergreen Hedges, 210 - Box-edgings, 211 - Grass-plats & Flowering-plants, 212 - - _MAY._ - - Of Annuals, hardy and tender, 266 - Hyacinths and Tulips, ib. - Anemone and Ranunculus, 267 - Dahlia, Tuberose, and Amaryllis, ib. - Auricula, Polyanthus and Primrose, ib. - Wall-flower, double, 268 - - _JUNE AND JULY._ - - Holland Bulbs, 274 - - Autumn flowering-bulbs, ib. - - Carnations and Pinks, 275 - Of Laying Carnations and Pinks, 277 - Pruning Roses, 278 - Budding, 279 - Watering, 281 - - _AUGUST._ - - Of Evergreen Hedges, 293 - Carnations and Pinks, 294 - Bulbous Roots, ib. - Sowing Seeds of do. 295 - " and gathering Seeds, 296 - - _SEPTEMBER._ - - Of Dahlias, 307 - General care of Plants in pots, ib. - Beds for Bulbous-roots, 308 - - _OCTOBER._ - - Of Planting various Bulbs, 317 - " and transplanting, 302 - Grass and Gravel-walks, 322 - Planting Evergreens, ib. - - _NOVEMBER._ - - Of Protecting Choice Bulbs, 329 - Tuberose, Dahlia, Tigridia, and Amaryllis 330 - Erythrinas, ib. - Primrose and Daisy, 331 - Choice Carnations, Pinks, and Auriculas, ib. - Protecting Plants, 332 - " Seeding-bulbs, 333 - Planting Deciduous Trees and Shrubs, ib. - - _DECEMBER._ - - General Observations, 342 - - - ROOMS. - - _JANUARY._ - - Rooms, 28 - - Of Temperature, ib. - Watering, 29 - Camellia Japonica, ib. - Insects, 30 - Bulbous Roots, 31 - - _FEBRUARY._ - - Of Temperature, 54 - Hyacinths, 55 - Camellias, ib. - - _MARCH._ - - General Observations, 165 - - Of Flowering Plants, 166 - - _APRIL._ - - Of plants brought from the Green-house, 214 - Flowering Plants, 215 - Bringing Plants out of the cellar, ib. - - _MAY._ - - Of Bringing out the Plants, 269 - Cape bulbs, 270 - Repotting, 271 - - _JUNE AND JULY._ - - General Observations, 282 - - _AUGUST._ - - General Observations, 296 - - Sowing Mignonette, 297 - - _SEPTEMBER._ - - Of a Stage for Rooms, 309 - - General Observations, 310 - - _OCTOBER._ - - Of taking in the Plants, 323 - Bulbous roots, 324 - - _NOVEMBER._ - - Of Camellias, &c. 335 - - _DECEMBER._ - - An outline of culture of plants, 344 - - - Index of Plants, 353 - - Description of Soils, 375 - - Table of Soils, ib. - - On the construction of a Hot-house, 345, 348 - - " " " Green-house, 349 - - On laying out a Flower Garden, 349, 352 - - - - -OMITTED IN MARCH. - - -_Jasmìnum_, Jasmine. A few species of this genus are celebrated either -for the Green-house or Rooms. _J. odoratíssimum_, Azorian, has very -sweet-scented yellow flowers, blooming from April to November. _J. -revolùtum_ is the earliest flowering one, and of the same colour; it is -apt to grow straggling, and should be close pruned as soon as done -blooming, which will be about June. _J. grandiflòrum_ is frequently -called Catalonian, and should be pruned early in spring to make it bloom -well, especially old plants. _J. officinàle_ is a hardy climbing plant -for arbours, walls, &c. There are several varieties of it, and it is -reported there is a double one. - - - - -ERRATA. - - - Page 104, _dele_ "_L. Silaifòlia_ has leaves bipinnatifid and - smooth; segments wedge-shaped and cut; _L. dentáta_ and _L. - ilicifòlia_, are the finest;" and place it to "_Lomàtia_," page - 103. - - Page 321, ninth line from top, _dele_ "_Pèdulis_." - - - - -THE - -AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN - -DIRECTORY. - - - - -Hot-House. - - -_JANUARY._ - -At all times be very careful of the temperature of this department, and -more especially at this season of the year, as a few minutes' neglect -might materially injure many of the delicate plants. The thermometer -ought to range between 58° and 65°. In fine sunshine days, admit a -little air by having some of the top sashes let down, one, two, or three -inches, according to the weather, and let it always be done from eleven -to one o'clock; but by no means in such a manner as to cause a draught -in the interior of the house, which would be very prejudicial. Therefore -be always cautious during cold weather, in administering that necessary -element to vegetation, which is so conducive to health. - - -OF FIRING AND FUEL. - -The Hot-house ought never to be left entirely to inexperienced persons, -because they are not aware of what might be the result of inattention -even for an hour. Attention to the following observations will obviate -every difficulty. About this season of the year, frost generally sets in -very severe in the middle states. Suppose the day may have all the -clemency of spring, the night may be directly the reverse. Every -precaution is necessary to guard against extremes. According to what was -said last month, it is understood that the shutters are put on every -night at sundown, and in severe weather, they must be put on as soon as -the sun goes off the glass. If the shutters are omitted till late in -severe frost, it will so reduce the heat of the house, that you cannot -overcome it by fire until near midnight; and when done, the fire or -fires have been made more powerful than they ought to be, proving -uncongenial to the plants that are near the flues. The air, as above -directed, having been taken off the house at one o'clock, as soon as the -mercury begins to fall in the thermometer, kindle the fire, and -supposing it is anthracite coal, in twenty minutes, with a good drawing -furnace, the heat will operate in the house. If a coal fire, kindled -about four o'clock, it will require an addition about six, and then may -be made up again about nine or ten, which will suffice until morning. -The quantity must be regulated by the weather. If the fuel is wood, it -must be attended to three or four times during the evening; and when the -mornings are intensely cold, one fire in the morning is requisite. When -there are bad drawing furnaces the fires must be made much earlier, -perhaps by two or three o'clock, which will be easily observed by the -time the fire takes effect upon the air of the house. The temperature -ought never to be under 55° of Fahrenheit. - - -OF WATERING THE PLANTS. - -To do this judiciously, is so necessary to vegetation, and so requisite -to understand, and yet the knowledge so difficult to convey to others -(being entirely acquired by practice,) that if the power was in man to -impart it to his fellow-men, he would possess the power of perfecting a -gardener by diction. However, the hints on this important point of -floraculture, will be as clear and expressive as can at present be -elicited. All plants in this work that are aquatic, shall be specified -as such; and those that are arid shall be duly mentioned. All others -will come in the medium. - -All the plants must be looked over every day, and those watered that -appear to be getting dry on the top. It must be strictly observed not to -give water to any but such as are becoming dry, and let it be given -moderately at this season. Two or three days may perhaps elapse before -it need be repeated. There is not so much liability to err at present in -giving too little, as in administering too much. Vegetation amongst the -stove or Hot-house plants will soon begin to show, and the soil will -prove uncongenial if it is impregnated with stagnant moisture. Small -plants should always be watered with a pot, having what is termed a rose -upon it. The surface of the rose, that is, where it is perforated with -small apertures, ought to be level, or a little concave, which would -convey the water more to a centre, and make neater work, by preventing -any water from being unnecessarily spilt in the house. The size of the -pot will be regulated by the person to suit the conveniences of the -place. Water, when applied either to the roots or foliage of the plants, -should be about the medium temperature of the house. The cistern, built -on the plan herein recommended, will always give this, and sometimes -more, which can easily be reduced by adding cold water. Where there are -no cisterns, a tank or barrel might be in the house, in which the water -could stand for one night or more, as is most suitable. When water is -given without being thus aired, it chills the roots, prevents a -luxuriant growth, injures the fresh and healthful appearance of the -foliage, and too frequently gives to all the plants a sickly hue. - - -OF INSECTS, THEIR DESTRUCTION, &c. - -In this department, insects begin to increase by hundreds, and too -frequently their ravages are very obvious before their progress is -arrested. We will treat of those which are most common, under their -respective heads, with their nature and cure, as far as has come under -our observation. - -_Aphis rosæ_, of the natural order of Hemiptera, or what is commonly -known by Green Fly, Green Lice, &c. infect plants in general, and are -particularly destructive in the Hot-house to _Hibíscus ròsa-sinénsis_, -_Asclèpias_, _Crássula coccínea_, _Alstr[oe]meria_, and many other -plants of a free growing nature. They attack the young and tender shoots -at the point, leaving a dark filthy appearance on the foliage. Many -remedies for their destruction have been offered to the public by -various writers, each equally secure in his own opinion. Extensive -practice alone can show the most easy and effectual cure. Fumigating -with tobacco is decidedly the most efficacious, and in the power of any -to perform. Take a small circular furnace, made of sheet iron, diameter -at top twelve inches, and at bottom eight; depth one foot, having a -grating in it to reach within three inches of the bottom, which will -leave space for the air to pass, and where the ashes will fall and be -kept in safety, having a handle like a pail to carry it with. This, or -any thing similar, being ready, put in it a few embers of ignited -charcoal; take it into the centre of the house, and put on the coals a -quantity of moist tobacco stems. If they attempt to blaze or flame, -sprinkle a little water over them; and as they consume, continue to add -tobacco until the house is entirely full of smoke, observing always to -do it in still, cloudy weather, or in the evening. If it is windy, the -smoke is carried off without having half the effect, and requires more -tobacco. The house must be closely shut up. There are several plants -whose foliage is of a soft downy nature, such as _Helitròpiums_, -_Callacárpas_, _Sálvias_, and many of the _Lantànas_, _Víncas_, with -several others, that cannot stand, without danger, strong fumigation. -These should be put low down in the house, or under the stage. These -fumigations will have to be repeated frequently, the time for which will -easily be perceived; and, when required, ought not to be delayed. -Several species and varieties of the same genus, _Aphis_, can be -destroyed in the like manner. - -_Acaris tellurius_, or red spider, is caused by a dry atmosphere, and -its havoc generally is obvious before it is arrested. With its -proboscis, it wounds the fine capillary vessels; and if the leaves are -fine, they will appear as if probed with a needle, and yellowish around -the wound. If they have farther progressed in their destructive work, -the leaves will prematurely decay. On this appearance, turn up the leaf, -and you will see them running about with incredible swiftness. Their -body is of a blood colour, and their feet, eight in number, light red. -When very numerous, they work thick webs on the under side of the leaf, -and frequently all over it, forming a mass of half dead plants, decayed -leaves, and thousands of spiders. The most effectual remedy is a -thorough syringing with water, and profusely under the foliage. This -being done every evening, will subdue and eventually banish them. Had -the house been syringed two or three times per week, these intruders -would not have appeared. It is said by some writers, that watering only -reduces them to a temporary state of inaction, and will not destroy -them. Laying aside the many prescribed nostrums, we assert that the pure -element is the most effectual cure, as well as the most easy to be -obtained. - -_Thrips_, order _Hemiptera_, are insects so minute as scarcely to be -perceptible to the naked eye. They generally lurk close to the veins of -the leaves of plants, and frequently attack esculents. When viewed -through a glass, they are seen, when touched, to skip with great -agility. The larva is of a high brown, or reddish colour. The thrip has -four wings, and walks with its body turned upwards. It frequently -attacks the extremities of tender shoots, or young leaves, which become -shrivelled, brown, and will rub to dust easily between the thumb and -finger. When any leaves or shoots are perceived to be so, if you do not -observe the green fly, expect the thrips. They may be destroyed by a -fumigation of tobacco, in the same manner as the green fly. By the -simple and expeditious method of fumigation, these insects and several -others may be destroyed effectually at any time they appear. - -_Cocus hesperidus_, or mealy bug, has appeared in the Hot-houses about -Philadelphia within these few years, and, if not instantly destroyed, -increases rapidly. It is of a white dusty colour, when broken, of a -brownish red, generally covered with down, under which it deposits its -eggs; and they, in a few months, come forth in great numbers. The cocus -generally is of a dormant nature, but, in warm weather, they may be seen -moving rapidly up the stems of the plants. Fumigating has no observable -effect on these insects; therefore, as soon as they appear, recourse -must be had to other means. The liquid made from the following receipt, -is death to any of the _Cocus_ tribe: Take two pounds of strong soap, -one pound flour of sulphur, one pound of leaf tobacco, one and a half -ounce of nux vomica, with a table spoonful of turpentine, which boil in -four gallons of river water to three; then set aside to cool. When -boiling, stir it well with a stick, continuing to do so until it is -reduced as above. In this liquor immerse the whole plant, drawing it to -and fro gently, that the liquor may penetrate every where. - -This done, lay the plant on its side, until it begin to dry, then -syringe well with clean water, and put it in its respective station. -Where a collection of plants is free from any insects of the kind, every -plant that is introduced, ought to be minutely scrutinized, that the -unclean may be kept from the clean: the above insect will feed almost on -any plant, but indulges on _Crássulas_, any of the bristly _Cáctus_, -_Gardènias_, and in fact whatever is in the way. - -_Cocus--------_, or brown scaly insect, is frequently found on many -plants, but we never could perceive that it does any other material -injury, than dirtying them. We have always observed, that it is found in -winter to abound most in those situations which are most excluded from -air; therefore is of less importance than the other species, which eat -and corrode the leaves of tender plants. A washing with strong soap suds -will destroy them, or the above liquid will do it more effectually. Tie -a piece of sponge on the end of a small stick, and scrub every leaf, -stem, and crevice. Fumigating destroys the larvæ of this species. - -_Cocus--------_, or small white scaly insect, which generally infests -_Cycas revolùta_ and _circinàlis_, the varieties of _Nèrium oleánder_, -_Oleas_, and several species of _Acacias_, may be destroyed by washing -as above with a sponge, and a strong decoction of tobacco, using the -liquid about the warmth of 100°. Being thus heated, it irritates the -insect, when, by easing itself from its bed, the fluid passes under it, -and causes immediate death. If it is not thus irritated, it adheres so -closely to the foliage, that it will keep you at defiance. The under, -or dark side of the leaves is its residence; and we have observed a -plant in a house where there was only light on one side, with the dark -side literally covered, while the light side was clean. So much for -having houses with plenty of light. The effects of this insect are of a -corroding nature, extracting all the juices from the leaf under it, even -straining to the other side; and where they have got to the extremity, -the foliage is completely yellow, and of a decayed appearance. - -_Cocus--------_, or turtle insect. We have never observed this insect -arrive to any extent, but think that the _Datura arborea_ is most -infested with it. It is the largest of any genus known amongst us, and -very like a turtle in miniature. On lifting it from the wood, to which -it generally adheres, there appear to be hundreds of eggs under it, but -fumigating completely destroys the larvæ. In our opinion this turtle -insect is no other than the old female of the brown scaly insect, which -swells to a large size before depositing its eggs. We have frequently -observed the insect dead in this enlarged state, and question if this is -the last stage of its transmigration. The male insect is winged, and -very active in its movements. - - -OF SHIFTING PLANTS. - -At this period of the season very little is required to grow -_Calceolàrias_ to perfection. They require a few months of the -Hot-house, and if the directions given last month were followed up, some -of these will have advanced a little in growth. The herbaceous kinds, -when grown about one inch high, ought to be divided, and put into four -inch pots, sprinkled gently, and kept in the shade until they begin to -grow; after which, keep them near the glass, to prevent them from -becoming spindly and drawn. Their farther treatment will be observed as -they require. This is a beautiful genus of plants, flowering very -profusely all summer, and some of them early in spring. - -_Alstr[oe]merias_, about the beginning or middle of the month, will have -made their appearance above ground. When shot about one inch, turn them -out, and carefully shake them clear of earth; and if required, divide -the crowns, and put them in as small pots as possible, taking care not -to break any of the strong fleshy roots. (For Soil, see Table.) To -flower these plants well, they require to be frequently shifted, during -their active stage of growth, which must be duly observed. The most of -the species of this genus will more than repay the attention, by their -abundantly and beautifully spotted flowers. _A. flósmartìna_, _A. -Pelegrìna_, _A. pulchélla_, and _A. atrópurpurea_, are the most -splendid. The former flowers very freely. All natives of South America. - -Where bulbous roots, such as _Hyacinths_, _Jonquils_, _Narcissus_, -_Ixias_, _Lachenàllas_, &c. are required to be early in flower, they -may, about the beginning or end of the month, be put in the front of the -Hot-house, giving very little water until they begin to grow; then water -freely, and tie up the flower stems as they advance. - - -OF CLEANSING PLANTS, HOUSE, &c. - -This subject ought to be kept constantly in view. However correct every -thing may be executed, without that adorning beauty, cleanliness, all -will appear only half done. Therefore let all the dead leaves be picked -off every day, and with dust and other litter swept out of the house, -and when necessary, the house washed, which will be at least once a -week. That the foliage of the plants may always appear fresh, syringe -them in the evening, twice or three times per week; (when the weather is -very cold, do it in the morning.) At present this will in a great -measure keep down the insects, and will prove a bane to the red spider. - -A hand engine is certainly the best. Milne's patent hand engine -surpasses any that we have used. Nevertheless a hand syringe is very -effectual. Some of these engines are powerful, throwing the water above -forty feet. Read's patent of London is excellent. At the store of D. & -C. Landreth, Phila., there is a very good kind, which answers admirably -in small houses. Tie up neatly with stakes, and threads of Russia mat, -all the straggling growing plants; let the stakes be proportionate to -the plants, and never longer, except they are climbing sorts. Do not tie -the branches in bundles, but singly and neatly, imitating nature as much -as possible. If any of the plants are affected with the _Cocus_ insect, -let them be cleaned according to the plan already mentioned, taking -particular care also in washing the stakes to which they had been -previously tied, and burning all the old tyings, which contain the -larvæ of the insect in many instances, especially of _Cocus hesperidus_. -It is premised, when any of these things are done, that they will be -well done, and not half doing, and always doing. Cleanliness, in every -respect, promotes a pure air, which is congenial to vegetation, and -will, with other attention, always ensure a healthful and vigorous -appearance in the house. - - - - -Green-House. - - -_JANUARY._ - -This compartment requires particular attention, in order to preserve the -plants in good health, and carry them through this precarious season of -the year. A little air must be admitted at all convenient times. An hour -or two at mid-day will be of the utmost importance in drying up damp, -and clearing off stagnated air, which is a harbour for every corruption. -The top sashes being let down, or turned a few inches, in mild days -(that is, when it is not high and cutting winds) from ten or eleven -o'clock to two or three, according to the intensity of the frost, will -renovate the interior air of the house, and harden the plants. When the -weather will permit, let the front sashes be opened about one inch or -more. An assiduous, experienced hand will never omit an opportunity. - -With regard to fire heat, the temperature must be regulated to suit the -nature of the plants in a general sense; so let the mercury, or spirits -of wine, of Fahrenheit's thermometer, be from 34° to 43°; if it begins -to fall, give a little fire heat. No doubt we have seen the thermometer -much lower in the Green-house, than the above, even as low as 24°, -without any immediate injury; but it was in an extensive collection, -where the most hardy of the plants were selected into one house. Many -boast how little fire they give their Green-house, and how cold it is -kept, not observing the miserable state of their plants,--inexperience -causing them to think, that the least fire heat will make them grow, and -would rather look on naked stems than healthy plants. The above -temperature will not, in exotics, cause premature vegetation, but will -cause the plants to retain the foliage requisite to vegetative nature. A -high temperature is not necessary for the generality of Green-house -plants; on the contrary, it might very much injure them. - - -OF WATERING. - -In this month very little is requisite, and must be given with great -caution. Few plants will require much, and some hardly any; but all must -be attended to, and have their wants supplied. Some will need it twice, -some once a week, and some in two weeks, according to their shrubby and -woody nature. Herbaceous and deciduous plants will seldom need water. -Perhaps, from the throwing of the foliage, to the commencement of -vegetation, three or four times will be sufficient. Particular attention -should be paid to the state of health and of growth, in which the plants -respectively are, in the application of water; otherwise much mischief -may be done, and many entirely ruined. - -Green-house plants, being now in an absolutely inactive state, require -little more water than merely to keep the earth about their roots from -becoming perfectly dry, by occasionally applying a very small quantity -at the root; and, if done with a watering pot, as described under this -head in the Hot-house of this month, very little will be spilt in the -house to increase dampness, which, if it does appear, by any of the -leaves of the plants becoming musty, they must be instantly picked off; -and, if it increases, give a little fire and air. Succulent plants will -not need any water during this month, unless omitted in December. - - -CAMELLIA JAPONICA. - -This magnificent and attractive flower, with all its splendid varieties, -will, about this time, begin to open its beautiful flowers. But for this -admired genus of plants, our Green-houses, at this season, would be void -of allurement. It is, in this country, subject to mildew and red spider, -and more especially in the city, which appears to be from the nature of -the air. The effects of mildew on these plants, if not prevented, would -prove fatal; as, from appearance, many have died by it in our city. If -it has reached a great extent, the leaves are brownish, having the -appearance of being decayed, or scorched with the sun. In taking hold of -the leaf, it feels soft, and altogether seems to have lost its nutritive -substance; and, when the young foliage expands, it becomes covered with -dark brown spots, and finally very much disfigured; and, when in this -state, it is attacked by red spider, and, ultimately, death ensues. - -If any of the plants are affected as above described, take a sponge, and -wash every leaf minutely with soft water, and syringe them with water -three or four times a week, which will clean them. All the young foliage -will be healthy, and that which has been affected will fall off. -However, prevention is better than cure; and if the _Camellias_ are -properly syringed every evening during summer, and once or twice a week -during winter, they will never be subject to the ravages of mildew or of -red spider. - -Tie up any of the flowers that are expanded to stakes, in case of -accident; and, in syringing, observe not to let any water fall on the -flowers, as it causes premature decay, and change of colour. - -The mildew first appears like small particles of very fine flour, around -the under edge of the leaves, and visible to the naked eye; so that, -syringing, sponging, &c. under the leaf is most requisite; but, as the -mildew extends, both sides of the leaves are covered with these white -particles. - - -OF ORANGES, LEMONS, &c. - -As there will perhaps be more leisure in the Green-house this month than -in any other during the winter, it is presumed that there will not be a -moment lost. If any of the trees are infested with insects, these, being -now in their inactive state, may be more easily destroyed than at any -other time. It is the brown scaly insect that generally infests them. -For treatment, see _Hothouse, January_. The plant, or tree, after being -washed, before it becomes dry, will require to be syringed with water, -otherwise the dust will adhere to the glutinous particles of the soap. -Set the plant in an airy situation to dry, in case of damp. There are -several others subject to this insect, such as _Myrtles_, _Oleas_, -_Oleanders_, &c. which treat in the same manner. Be careful that these -trees are not over watered; if the soil is moist, it is sufficient. - - -OF CAPE BULBS, &c. - -If there are any out of the ground, it is time that the whole were -potted, such as _Lachenàlia_, _Wachendórfia_, _Eùcomis_, _Ixia_, -_Gladìolus_, with several others. Keep them in the shade until they -begin to grow; then put them on shelves near the light. Those that are -growing must be kept in front of the house, to prevent them being weak. -_Wachendórfia_ has a beautiful large red tuber root; and, as the new -root descends, give it a pot about six or seven inches. - - -OF HYACINTHS AND OTHER BULBOUS ROOTS. - -All these roots must be carefully examined. In case slugs or snails are -preying upon the embryo of the flower, some of those that are farthest -advanced, may be put for a few weeks in the Hot-house. It will greatly -accelerate their flowering, but they must be brought out again before -the florets expand, and carefully tied up, leaving room for the increase -and extension of the flower stem. Give them plenty of water, and if -saucers can be placed under them to retain it, it will be of advantage. -Change the water every week on those that are in glasses, and keep all -the growing bulbs near the light. _Narcissus_, _Jonquils_, &c. may be -similarly treated. - - - - -Flower Garden. - - -_JANUARY._ - - -If the covering of the beds of choice bulbs, herbaceous plants, or -tender shrubs, has been neglected last month, let it be done forthwith. -The season is now precarious, and delays are dangerous. For particular -directions, see _December_. Any bulbous roots that have been kept out of -the ground, should be planted immediately, according to directions in -_October_. Some writers have recommended keeping some of the bulbs until -this month, in order to have a continued succession. Experience will -prove the inefficacy of the plan, and will satisfactorily show that the -difference is almost imperceptible, while the flowers are very inferior -and much degenerated; and in place of having "a long continued -succession of bloom," there appear, along with your finest specimens, -very imperfect flowers, calculated to discourage the admirers of these -"gaudy" decoratives of our flower gardens. Whereas every art employed -should be to the advancement and perfection of nature. - - -OF FRAMING, &c. - -The plants and roots that are in frames, should be protected with straw -mats, and the frame surrounded with litter, or leaves, or what is more -advisable, banked with earth--the former being a harbour for mice and -other vermin. For full directions, see _December_. Under this head the -plants, such as _Auriculas_, _Polyanthus_, _Daisies_, _Carnations_, -_Pinks_, _Gentianellas_, _Campanula pyramidalis_, _Double rocket_, -_Double stock_, _or Stockgillys_, _Double Wall-flower_, _Anemone_, -_Ranunculus_, &c. as previously enumerated as frame plants, will require -very little water, and be sure to give none while they are in a frozen -state. If snow should cover them, the plants will keep in a fine state -under it, so never remove snow from covering cold frames, even suppose -it should lay for months,--nature will operate here herself. - -All the above plants except _Anemone_ and _Ranunculus_ are kept in -perfection in the Green-house; but where neither this nor framing can be -obtained, they will, in most winters, keep tolerably, if well covered -with litter--the roughest from the stable, straw or hay, or such like, -using means to secure it from being blown over the whole garden. - - -OF PRUNING AND PREPARING FOR SPRING. - -It is not advisable to carry on a general pruning in this month, in -whatever state the weather may be. The severest frosts generally are yet -to come, and too frequently in this operation, what is done now has to -be repeated on the opening of spring, causing at that time work to a -disadvantage; because, if pruning, when done just now, is accomplished -judiciously, whatever more on the same bush is requisite to be done in -spring, from the effects of frost, will be injudicious. Hence it is far -preferable to delay it until the frost is over, when all can be done to -advantage. - -There are, undoubtedly, some shrubs that may be pruned any time, from -the end of November to the first of March, such as _Hibíscus syrìacus_ -(_Althea_), and all its varieties, except the _Double White_, which is -in some instances entirely killed by our severe winter, and certainly, -for precaution, would be the better of some simple protection. - -In many seasons, the beginning of this month is open, and admits of the -operation of digging, which if it is not all done as advised last month, -ought not to be delayed. The fruits of it will appear in the mellowed -state of your soil in spring. - -If there is any spare time, straight sticks or stakes may be prepared -for summer. Tie them up in neat bundles, which will be of great service -during the hurried period of the year. An opportunity of this kind -should always be laid hold of; the beneficial results will in season be -displayed. - - - - -=ROOMS.= - -_JANUARY._ - - -Plants that are kept in rooms generally are such as require a medium -temperature, say 40°. Sitting rooms or parlours, about this season, are, -for the most part, heated from 55° to 65°, and very seldom has the air -any admittance into these apartments, thus keeping the temperature from -15° to 25° higher than the nature of the plants requires, and excluding -that fresh air which is requisite to support a forced vegetative -principle. Therefore, as far as practicable, let the plants be kept in a -room adjoining to one where there is fire heat, and the intervening door -can be opened when desirable. They will admit sometimes of being as low -as 33°. - -If they be constantly kept where there is fire, let the window be -opened some inches; two or three time a day, for a few minutes, thereby -making the air of the apartment more congenial, both for animal and -vegetable nature. - - -WATERING, &c. - -There are very few plants killed for want of water, during winter. All -that is necessary is merely to keep the soil in a moist state, that is, -do not let it get so dry that you can divide the particles of earth, nor -so wet that they could be beat to clay. The frequency of watering can be -best regulated by the person doing it, as it depends entirely upon the -size of the pot or jar in proportion to the plant, whether it is too -little or too large, and the situation it stands in, whether moist or -arid. Never allow any quantity of water to stand in the flats or -saucers. This is too frequently practised with plants in general. Such -as _Cálla Æthiòpica_, or African Lily, will do well, as water is its -element, (like _Sagittària_ in this country;) and the _Hydrángea -horténsis_, when in a growing state, will do admirably under such -treatment. Many plants may do well for some time, but it being so -contrary to their nature, causes premature decay; a f[oe]tid stagnation -takes place at the root, the foliage becomes yellow, and the plant -stunted; and in the winter season, death will ensue. - - -OF CAMELLIA JAPONICA. - -In rooms the buds of Camellias will be well swelled, and on the Double -White and Double Variegated sorts, perhaps they will be full blown. -While in that state the temperature should not be below 34°; if lower -they will not expand so well, and the expanded petals will soon become -yellow and decay. If they are where there is fire heat, they must have -plenty of air admitted to them every favourable opportunity, or the -consequence will be, that all the buds will turn dark brown, and fall -off. It is generally the case, in the treatment of these beautiful -plants in rooms, that through too much intended care they are entirely -destroyed. In the city, they do not agree with confined air, and they -cannot get too much of pure air, if they are kept from frost or cutting -winds. To sponge frequently will greatly promote the health of the -plants, and add to the beauty of their foliage, as it prevents the -attacks of mildew. In this season they do not require much water at -root, which may be observed in the slight absorption by the soil. See -this subject under the head of _Watering_. - -When the flowers are expanded, and droop, tie them up neatly, so that -the flower may be shown to every advantage. - - -OF INSECTS, &c. - -Insects of various kinds will be appearing on your plants. For method of -destruction see _Hot-house_, _January_. It will not be agreeable to -fumigate the room or rooms, or even to have the smell of tobacco near -the house from this cause. - -Many ingredients have been compounded, and prescriptions recommended, -for the destruction of these nefarious pests. Many of them are -altogether ineffectual. Of receipts specified in works of this kind, not -a few of them (though eagerly sought for) by men of extensive practice, -have been rejected. We shall give the most simple, and in part effective -receipt for the destruction of the Green fly. - -Take a large tub of soft water, (if the day is frosty, it had better be -done in the house,) invert the plant, holding the hand, or tying a piece -of cloth, or any thing of the kind, over the soil in the pot, put all -the branches in the water, keeping the pot in the hand, drawing it to -and fro a few times; take it out, and shake it. If any insects remain, -take a small fine brush, and brush them off, giving another dip, which -will clean them for the present. As soon as they appear again, repeat -the process--for nothing that we have found out, or heard of, can -totally extirpate them. - - -OF BULBOUS ROOTS IN GENERAL. - -If you have retained any of the _Cape bulbs_ from the last planting, let -them be put in, in the early part of the month. For method, see -_September_. Those that are growing must be kept very near the light, -that is, close to the window, or they will not flourish to your -satisfaction. The fall-flowering oxalis may be kept on the stage, or any -other place, to give room to those that are to flower. - -_Hyacinths_, _Jonquils_, _Narcissus_, _Tulips_, &c. will keep very well -in a room where fire heat is constantly kept, providing that they are -close to the window. A succession of these, as before observed, may -beautify the drawing room from February to April, by having a reserved -stock, in a cold situation, and taking a few of them every week into the -warmest apartment. - -Wherever any of the bulbs are growing, and in the interior of the room, -remove them close to the light, observing to turn the pots or glasses -frequently to prevent them from growing to one side, and giving them -support as soon as the stems droop, or the head becomes pendant. The -saucers under the Hyacinth and Narcissus especially may stand with -water, and observe to change the water in the glasses, as already -mentioned. - -Every one that has any taste or refinement in their floral undertakings, -will delight in seeing the plants in perfection; to have them so, they -must be divested of every leaf that has the appearance of decaying--let -this always be attended to. - - - - -=Hot-House.= - -_FEBRUARY_. - - -In the early part of this month the weather generally is very cold and -changeable in the middle states, and strict attention, with the greatest -caution, will require to be paid to the management of the Hot-house. -Most of the tropical plants commence an active state of vegetation; and -if checked by temperature or otherwise, they will not recover until -midsummer. The thermometer may be kept two or three degrees higher with -fire heat than last month; the sun will be more powerful, and this will, -in a great degree, increase the vigour of the plants. Air may be -admitted when the thermometer rises to 75° or 80°, not allowing it to -rise higher than the latter. In giving air, let it be done by the top -sashes. It is improper to give it in any way to cause a current, for the -external air is very cold, although the sun is more powerful. An inch or -two on a few of the sashes, as has been previously observed, will be -effectual in keeping the temperature low enough, except the weather is -very mild. - -With regard to firing, what was said last month may suffice for this. -Always recollect that it is preferable to keep out the cold than to put -it out. It will frequently happen in the time of intense frost, that -the weather is dull. In such cases fire in a small degree is requisite -all day. - -Heavy snows ought never to be allowed to remain on the shutters while -they are on the house. If the snow lies on the sashes one day, the -internal heat will dissolve some of it; night coming on will freeze it -to the wood work, when it will become a solid mass, and too frequently -cannot be separated without much damage. If allowed to remain on for two -days, the plants are very much weakened, and the foliage discoloured. -Therefore let the snow be cleared off instantly, that no inconvenience -may take place. - -It will be observed that plants absorb more water this month than last. -The quantity given will require to be increased, according to the -increase of vegetation and the advancement of the season; but never give -it until the soil begins to get dry, and then in such proportion as will -reach the bottom of the pot. After the sun has got on the house in the -morning is the best time to water, observing all the directions given in -January. - - -OF INSECTS, &c. - -Perhaps sufficient observations were given under this head last month; -but the importance of keeping these disagreeable visitors out of the -house, constrains us to make a few more remarks, and perhaps it may be -necessary every month. Man cannot be too frequently guarded against his -foes, more especially when they are summoning all their forces, and no -profession has more than that of the Horticulturist. Let a strict -examination be made about the end of the month for the Red spider; they -will be in operation some weeks before their depredations are observed -on the foliage. The under side of the leaf is their resort in the first -instance, and on such plants as have been already mentioned. - -Observe daily the young shoots, in case the Green fly becomes numerous. -They give the foliage a very disagreeable appearance, and with most -people it is intolerable, before their career is arrested. It also takes -a stronger fumigation, which has frequently to be repeated the following -day to the same degree, much to the injury of many of the plants, and -adding to the disagreeableness of the continued vapour in the house. - - -OF SHIFTING PLANTS. - -The _Calceolàrias_ that were put in small pots about the beginning or -middle of last month, will, if they have done well, require, about the -end of this, to be put in pots a size larger. - -If any of _Lilìum longiflòrum_, _Speciòsum_, or _Japónicum_, are wanted -to flower early, and were put in the Hot-house in December, without -dividing, those that are to flower will have pushed their flower stems, -and can be separated from those that will not flower, and put singly -into pots; the two former into five or six inch pots, while the latter -require six or seven inch pots. Of those that do not flower, three or -four can be put into one pot. - -About the end of the month, some of the plants of _Eurcúma_, _Amómum_, -_Kæmpféria_, _Glóbba_, _Phrynium_, _Cánna_, _Zíngiber_, _Hedychium_, and -others that are on the dry shelf, will be offering to grow. Let them be -taken out of their pots, some of their weakest shoots or tubers taken -off, and the strong ones repotted: give gentle waterings until they grow -freely, then give an abundance. - -_Dionæa mucípula_, or Venus fly trap, grows best in the Hot-house, and -will, about the end of the month, stand in need of being repotted. This -plant is very seldom grown in any degree of perfection, having been -always considered a delicate plant in collections. The operator has -never had courage to treat it according to its nature in a cultivated -state. If it is taken out of the pot, just when beginning to grow -afresh, and divested of all the soil, leaving only a few of the young -roots, (it is a bulb, and will receive no injury by so doing,) put it in -new soil; when potted, place the pot in a saucer with one inch of water -in it, giving always a fresh supply, when necessary. A shady and moist -situation is best adapted to it; this being repeated every year, it will -grow, flower, and seed in perfection. - -_Gesnérias_, if in small pots, give larger as they advance in growth. -This genus requires to be well attended to make them flower well. _G. -bulbósa_ ought to have a situation in every Hot-house. It is remarkable -for its many brilliant crimson flowers, and continues in flower for a -length of time. When the bulb begins to push, shake it out of the -earth, putting it into a small pot; and, as soon as the roots reach the -side of the earth, which will be in about one month, put it in a larger -pot, and continue to do so until flowering, which will be about the -first of June, observing always to keep the ball of earth entire. - -_Gloriósas_ must be repotted in the beginning of this month. -Etymologists have said that this _genus_ is named from the glorious -appearance of its flowers. _G. supérba_ is the most beautiful and -curious. The roots ought to be planted one and a half inch deep, taking -care not to break them; if there is a bark bed, place the pots in it. Do -not water much until they begin to grow. Where there is no bark bed, put -the pots into others three inches larger, filling all round with sand, -and place them in the warmest part of the house. Keep the sand moist, -which will assist to keep the soil in a moist state. The earth must not -have much water. As the plants grow, they will require a more liberal -supply; yet it is necessary, at all times, to be moderate in giving it. -If well treated, the superb flowers will appear in June or July. - - -OF CLEANSING PLANTS, HOUSE, &c. - -With regard to cleaning the plants. Sprinkling, or syringing, is at all -times, to a greater or less degree, necessary. The plants will, in this -compartment, be in their first stage of growth, and, if dust or foulness -be permitted to lodge on their foliage, the pores will be obstructed, -the plants will become unhealthy, and the growth of insects increased. - -Let all moss, litter, decayed leaves, or weeds, be cleared out of the -house, the earth in the pots stirred up with a round pointed stick, and -fresh earth given where required, that the air may operate therein -freely. - -The house ought always to be sprinkled before being swept, to prevent -the dust rising. - -Attend to the bulbous roots as directed last month, such as _Hyacinths_, -_Narcissus_, &c. - - - - -=Green-House.= - -_FEBRUARY_. - - -The directions given last month respecting the airing and temperature of -the house, may still be followed, differing only in admitting air more -freely as the season advances, and according to the power the sun has on -the glass, which now begins to be considerable. - -If the weather is tolerably mild, air may be admitted in time of -sunshine, so as to keep the mercury as low as 45°, but be cautious in -cold, cloudy, frosty weather. It is a practice with many in such weather -to keep the shutters on the house night and day, for the space of a -week, and sometimes more, never entering it; and, when the weather has -induced them to look in, they find that the frost and damp have made -many lifeless subjects; whereas, had the house and plants been attended -to, in taking off the shutters, and giving a little fire when requisite, -all would have been in safety, and many that cannot be replaced still in -the collection. - -When watering, strictly adhere to the directions of last month, except -with _Geraniums_, and other soft wooded plants, which require a little -more water toward the end of the month. If the days are mild and sunny -about eight or nine o'clock in the morning, all the plants would be -benefited by a gentle syringing, which retards the progress of insects, -and accelerates vegetation. - -Succulents, such as _Cáctus_, _Mesembryánthemum_, _Aloes_, _Furchræas_, -_Crássulas_, _Cotylèdons_, &c. will very seldom need water, at the same -time keep them from getting as dry as powder. - - -OF ORANGES, LEMONS, &c. - -Similar treatment to that recommended last month will do for this. Where -the soil in the tubs or pots requires to be enriched, take of bone dust -or shavings, and fresh sheep dung, equal quantities; put the mixture -into a large tub or barrel, until one third full; and fill it up with -water. Stir it well two or three times every day for a week, then give -each tree one good watering with the compound. Continue to mix up -afresh, and let it stand another week, and so on until all the trees -requiring it are watered. This watering will greatly enrich the soil, -and invigorate the roots. - - -OF CAPE BULBS, &c. - -The bulbs, of _Ferrària undulata_ and _F. antheròsa_, that were taken -out of the pots in October, will now require to be planted. Five inch -pots will be large enough for good roots. The grand criterion for -planting bulbs is when there is a protuberant appearance about the -bottom, or root part of the bulb, showing, by a principle of nature, the -true time for transplanting. When bulbous roots of any description -appear above ground, they ought to be placed in an airy situation. They -are very frequently placed under other plants, by the inexperienced, -until they show their flowers, and then brought to the light, having -weak flowers, and comparatively of momentary existence. - -_Hyacinths_, _Narcissus_, _Gladìolus_, _Ixia_, &c. having flower stems, -ought to have support, to prevent accident, especially the two former; -keep them nigh the glass, and water freely. Change the water regularly -in the bulb glasses, observing that their roots are never allowed to -become matted with f[oe]tid water. Any of the above plants that are in -flower, might, if desired, be taken into the drawing room or parlour, -washing the pots clean, and putting saucers under them, keeping therein -a little water. Twice a week the decayed ones can be taken out, and -supplanted with those that are coming into bloom. - - -CAMELLIA JAPONICA - -Will, in this month, show a profusion of flowers; and, where there is a -variety, they have truly a magnificent appearance. From a good -selection, endless varieties, by seed, of exquisite beauty, might be -obtained by attention to the following rule. The best to select for -bearing seed are _Single white_, _Atoniana_, _Grandiflora_, _Waratah_, -_Carnation Waratah_, _Fulgens_, and, in many instances, the pistil, or -pistillum of _Variegata_, _Pompone_, _Pæoniflora_, and _Intermedia_, are -perfect, with several others. When any of the above are newly expanded, -(_Waratah_ is most perfect about one day before expansion,) take a fine -camel hair pencil, and put it gently on the farina or pollen, which is a -yellow substance on the anthers, and, when ripe, appears in thousands of -small particles. Take the finest double kinds, then, with this on the -pencil, rub lightly the stile of those intended to carry seed. Between -the hours of ten and twelve in the forenoon, is the most proper time for -the operation; the seed will be ripe in September or October, which will -be taken notice of, and directions given. For other particulars on -cleaning and syringing, see _January_ under this head. - - -OF SHIFTING &c. - -The best time to repot _Camellias_, is just when they are done -flowering, which will be before they begin to grow. There are, though -not frequently, some flowers after the young foliage begins to appear, -and probably it would be better to discriminate the time by the buds -offering to push, which will answer to those that have no flowers, as -well as those that have. The most general time in shifting _Camellias_ -is in August and September, indiscriminately with other plants; and, if -then not very gently handled, bad roots eventually are produced. -Frequently very fine plants have been killed by probing, and breaking -the young fibrous roots, thus causing mortification. - -In the process, do not, by any means, break, or bruise any of the roots: -and do not give large pots, with the idea of making them grow fast: it -acts on most plants diametrically opposite to what is intended. A pot -one or one and a half inches wider and deeper than the one they have -been in previously, is sufficient. Healthy plants under five feet will -not require shifting oftener than once in two years; from five feet -upwards in three or four years, according to the health of the plants. -This treatment, in the opinion of some, will appear not sufficient: it -will be found enough with a top-dressing every year to keep them in a -healthy, flowering condition, the soil being according to our -description. - -On turning the plant out of the pot, it may easily be observed if the -soil has, in any degree, been congenial to it; for if so, the roots will -be growing all round the ball; if otherwise, no roots will appear. - -Therefore, with a blunt pointed stick, probe away all the bad earth, -until you come to the roots; then put the plant in the pot about one -inch in diameter, larger than the combined roots, previously putting a -few small pieces of broken pots, or clean gravel, to drain off the -superabundant moisture, and give light waterings, as the roots in this -case will grow but slowly. - -Top dress all that requires shifting, probe out the soil down to the -roots, and by the side of the pot, taking care not to break the fibres; -then fill up with fresh earth, watering gently with a rose on the -watering pot to settle it. - - -OF CLEANING, &c. - -If any of the plants require cleaning, either by fumigation or -otherwise, let it be done before the young foliage appears, according to -directions heretofore given. Likewise tie neatly all that require it, -clean and top dress those that will not be shifted, having every plant -and all in the Green-house, in perfect order, before the throng of -spring commences. The weather will now admit, in very fine mornings, of -the plants being syringed, which may be done between half past seven and -half past eight: and the path or pavement should be washed out once a -week, which is a great improvement to the appearance of the whole -interior. - -In winter whenever any glass is broken it should be immediately mended. -Broken glass in cold nights causes a very destructive current of air. It -should always be made water tight, for if the drops fall into the pots -upon the roots, they will frequently prove fatal to the plants; -therefore care ought to be taken during rain to remove those that stand -in any manner exposed. - - - - -=Flower Garden.= - -_FEBRUARY_. - - -Where the borders and beds were dug in the fall, and compost or a thin -coating of well decayed manure given, the advantage will now in part be -experienced. If the weather is open about the end of the month, the -pruning should be done with the utmost despatch; that all may be -prepared for a general dressing next month, and let nothing be delayed -which can now properly be accomplished, under the idea that there is -time enough. - - -OF PRUNING, &c. - -Generally about the end of the month the very severe frosts are over; -and when none need be apprehended that would materially injure hardy -shrubs, they may freely be pruned of all dead branches, and the points -cut off such shoots as have been damaged by the winter. Most of shrubs -require nothing more than to be pruned of straggling, irregular, and -injured branches, or of suckers that rise round the root, observing that -they do not intermingle with each other. Never trim them up in a formal -manner. Regular shearing of shrubs and topiary work have been expelled -as unworthy of a taste the least improved by reflections on the beauty, -simplicity, and grandeur of nature. In fact, the pruning of deciduous -hardy shrubs should be done in such a manner as not to be observable -when the plants are covered with verdure. It may frequently be observed -in Flower-gardens, that roses and shrubs of every description are -indiscriminately cut with the shears, the _Amórphas_ and _Althèas_ -sharing the same fate. - -_Robínias_, _Colùteas_, _Cyticus_, _Rhús_, _Genístas_, with several of -the _Viburnums_, and many others, bear their flowers on the wood of last -year, and when thus sheared afford no gratification in flowering. And -those shrubs that thus flower on the shoots of last year are perhaps -worse to keep in regular order, than those to which the knife can be -freely applied; but good management while young will ensure handsome -free flowering plants. - -Climbing shrubs, and others that are trained against outbuildings, -walls, or such as are sheltered thereby, and not now in danger of -suffering by frost, may be pruned and dressed. These should be neatly -trimmed, and the branches moderately thinned out, tying in all the -shoots straight and regular. Avoid at all times, if possible, the -crossing of any shoots. - -There is not a shrub in the garden that agrees so well with close -cutting, as the _Althèa_, and all its varieties. These can be made -either bushes or trees, and kept at any desired height. Where the wood -of last year is cut to about two or three inches from the wood of the -former year, the young shoots of this year will produce the largest and -finest flowers, and likewise more profusely. When they have attained the -desired height, let them be kept in the most natural and handsome shape -that the taste of the operator can suggest. They will bear cutting to -any degree. - -Honeysuckles of every description may with all freedom be trimmed, -providing the frost is not very severe. These are very frequently -allowed to become too crowded with wood, and then superficially sheared -or cut. The flowers would be much finer, and the bush handsomer, if they -were regularly thinned out, divesting them of all naked and superfluous -shoots. Of those that remain, shorten the shoots of last year. Where any -of the honeysuckle kind has become naked at the bottom, and flowering -only at the top of the trellis, or extremities of the shoots, one half -of the bush should be cut to within four inches of the ground. It will -throw out plenty of fine young wood, which give room for, and train them -straight, and to the full extent, during summer. These shoots will -flower profusely the following season, and in like manner, when thought -proper, the other half can be cut. - -Roses of the hardy kinds (termed garden roses) that were not attended to -in November, should, if the weather permit, be dressed and pruned -forthwith. In small gardens, where these are generally attached to the -walls and fences, neatness should be a very particular object. If any of -such bushes have got strong and irregular, the most proper method to -bring them to order, will be to cut down each alternate shoot of the -bush to within a few inches of the surface, thereby renovating it, and, -in part, preserving the flowers. Those that are cut down will put out -several luxuriant shoots, which must be regularly tacked in, spreading -them in a fan shape. These, in another year, will flower well, when the -others may go through the same operation. Thus, in two or three years, -the bushes will have resumed a different, and more agreeable aspect. By -the above treatment, these ornaments of the garden will always have a -neat and healthful appearance, and the roses will be much finer. Where -they are intended for the borders, they should never be allowed to get -too high. In a border from four to six feet, they ought never to exceed -four feet at the back of the border, and in front, one foot, after being -pruned; they can be kept down by the above method. It is not advisable -to cut down rose bushes all at once, unless no regard is paid to -flowering. The roses that are in grass plats would have a superior -appearance in every respect, if they were kept and trimmed like small -trees. They may be of different sizes and heights, according to the -extent of the grass plat or clump. A single stem may arise from six -inches to six feet, with a head in proportion to the height of the stem. -Where it is necessary to have them above two feet, and likewise to carry -a good head, inoculation must be resorted to, which, in the months of -June and July, will be fully treated of. All under two feet (except the -weak growing kinds) will do on their own stems, taking care not to allow -shoots to arise from the bottom during the summer. For directions for -pruning climbing roses, see March and April. - - -OF PLANTING SHRUBS, &c. - -As soon as the frost is out of the ground, these should be planted if -the soil is not too wet. Where soil is binding, upon no consideration -plant in it while wet, rather defer it until the end of March. - -Shrubs, if they are well arranged, are the chief ornament, give the most -pleasure, and afford the greatest delight that we enjoy in our gardens. -Although they give no sort of nourishment, nor produce any edible -fruits, yet they are particularly grateful and conducive to our -enjoyments. Our walks in summer would be oppressive, but for their -agreeable shade; in the fall and winter, we would be left exposed to the -chilling winds, but for the shelter they afford. - -Likewise they produce a great variety of flowers; a varied foliage, and -are standing ornaments that give no great trouble. In the character of -screens they are particularly useful, whether to hide disagreeable -objects, or as a guard against the weather; and for either of these -purposes, they can be planted nearer to the house than large trees. Or, -if they are planted in masses at a distance, they soon become agreeable -objects, frequently very much improve the scenery of the place, become -objects of utility as well as ornament, and, in such case, afford the -highest satisfaction. When formed so as to exclude offices from the view -of the house, or for sheltering the latter, or for connecting the house -with the garden, orchard, or any similar purpose, shrubs are both useful -and interesting. - -Where many shrubs are to be planted, the disposing of them properly is a -matter of considerable importance to the future welfare of the whole; -and, whether deciduous or evergreens be mixed or grouped, that is, -indiscriminately planted together, or the evergreens planted by -themselves, as is frequently done, a regular and natural arrangement is -indispensable for establishing ornament. - -Arranging, no doubt, depends very much on fancy; still, there ought -always to be plenty of evergreens planted, that the whole may be more -cheerful in winter. - -If shrubberies were made to a great extent, the scenery would be much -more varied and characteristic by grouping judiciously than by -indiscriminately planting. - -However, in small flower gardens and shrubberies, the latter has to be -adopted. In such places, tall growing kinds should never be introduced, -unless merely as a screen from some disagreeable object, for they crowd -and confuse the whole. The dwarf and more bushy sorts should be placed -next to the walks, or edges, in order that they may conceal the naked -stems of the others. Generally when shrubs are planted, they are small; -therefore, to have a good effect from the beginning, they should be -planted much thicker than they are intended to stand. When they have -grown a few years, and interfere with each other, they can be lifted, -and such as have died, or become sickly, replaced, and the remainder can -be planted in some other direction. Keep them always distinct, one from -another, in order that they may be the better shown off. But, if it is -not desired that they should be thicker planted than it is intended to -let them remain, the small growing kinds may be four or five feet apart; -the larger, or taller sorts, six or eight feet, according to the -condition of the soil. - -Thick masses of shrubbery, called thickets, are sometimes wanted. In -these there should be plenty of evergreens. A mass of deciduous shrubs -has no imposing effect during winter; and, as this is not the proper -season for planting evergreens, (April and October being best,) small -stakes can be placed in the destined spot. Planting in rows, or in any -plan of a formal character, should at all times be avoided. - -In planting at this season, observe that the roots are not much exposed -to the air, especially if the wind be high and sharp; but it is always -better, if possible, to defer the business until good, mild weather. -According to directions in November, the ground will be well prepared, -and only requires a hole dug for the reception of the roots, which must -be considerably larger, that the roots may not be in the least confined. -Break the earth well at bottom, put in as much as will receive the plant -from one to two inches (according to its size) lower than it has -previously been in the Nursery. If any of the roots are bruised or -broken, cut them off; then place the plant in the centre of the hole, -breaking fine all the soil that is put in, at the same time shaking the -stem a little, that the earth may mix with the roots when full up; press -all the soil down with the foot, that it may, in some degree, -consolidate about the roots, and support the plant. If it is tall, or -top heavy, put in a good stake for a support, and place a small, bandage -between the stake and stem of the plant, shrub, or tree, where the tie -is to be made, to prevent the bark from suffering by friction. Observe -always before planting, if the soil is not suitable, to supply that -which is congenial to the nature of the intended plant. - -When shrubs or trees are to be carried to any distance, the roots should -be carefully kept from air, by tying damp moss, straw, or Russia mats -about them, as circumstances will admit; their success greatly depends -on due attention being paid to this. - - -OF HYACINTHS AND OTHER BULBOUS ROOTS. - -It sometimes occurs that _Hyacinths_ and other bulbous roots that were -planted in the fall, are thrown above ground by the frost. This will -take place if the soil is inclined to moisture, and they not being deep -enough planted. If such is the case, cover them with wood earth, old -decayed tan, or soil, whichever is most convenient; if not done, the sun -and air overpower the bulbs, and, although the fibres have hold of the -ground, the flowers will be miserably weak. _Hyacinth_ bulbs, and many -others of Holland, are very hardy. Even exposure to our severest frosts -would not kill them, but they would be much weakened. - - -OF FRAMING, &c. - -Where a frame or hotbed is wanted to grow some of the finest and more -tender annuals, it is time, about the 20th of the month, to collect and -prepare manure for the desired hotbed. And, as that operation, in many -instances, is very imperfectly performed, a few observations on the -subject may be useful. - -Take three parts of fresh hot stable manure, with one part of fresh oak -leaves. Have a sufficient quantity to make the intended bed or beds from -three to four feet high. Shake and mix up both together in a compact -conical heap, in order to encourage fermentation. If the weather is cold -and windy, cover it with straw or leaves and boards, which is necessary -to produce the desired effect. If fermentation soon takes place, it will -need to be thoroughly turned over in eight or ten days. If any of it has -become dry and musty from excessive heat, as you proceed, water the -affected parts, pile all up neatly, and leave it protected in part as -before. In five or six days more, it will have to be turned again, -repeating it until the first extreme heat has been over. In neglect of -this, the heat, after making up the bed, will be vehement for a week or -two, frequently destroying the vegetative purity of the soil, and -proving destructive to the seeds. - -Allowing the manure to come to a lively heat, having no unpleasant, -rancid smell, proceed to mark off your intended bed, running it east and -west as nearly as possible, measure your frame, and allow the site of -the bed eight inches each way larger than the frame: at the corners -place a stick or rod perpendicularly. The ground ought to be higher than -that around it, to prevent water from getting into the bed, which, if -low, must be filled up; or, if supposed that water may lodge there, a -little Brushwood might be put under the manure, which would keep it from -being inundated. The manure must be built up square and level, shaking, -mixing, and beating it regularly with the back of the fork. When you -have it to the desired height, (three feet will be sufficient for -annuals,) leave the centre of the bed a little higher than the sides, -thus allowing it more to subside. When finished, put on the frame and -sash or sashes, keep them close until the heat arises, covering them at -night with mats and shutters. As soon as you feel the heat increased, -give air by tilting the sashes a few inches to let off the steam and -stagnated air, observing to close in the afternoon, and cover at night. -If the heat is violent, about an inch of air might be left during the -night. In about three days, if all has been properly attended to, the -bed will be what is termed sweet. Then put in about six inches of fine -garden soil; if heavy, mix a little sand with it. Spread it level, and, -when the soil is heated through, sow in small drills from one eighth to -an inch deep, according to the size of the seeds. Some very small kinds -do best when sown upon the surface. When sown, give gentle sprinklings -of water until they come up, when it will be necessary to give air to -prevent them from being weak, or damping off, which many of them will do -if they have not air regularly admitted. When they begin to crowd, thin -them out, to allow those that remain to grow strong. It is better at all -times to have one strong, healthy plant, than two weak and sickly -objects. - - - - -=ROOMS.= - -_FEBRUARY_. - - -At this season, the plants call for the most assiduous attention. If the -stage has been made according to our description, in very cold nights it -should be drawn to the centre of the room, or at least withdrawn from -the window, observing every night to close the window tight by shutters, -or some substitute equally as good. And, if the temperature begins to -fall below 34°, means should be adopted to prevent it, either by putting -a fire in the room, or opening any adjoining apartment where fire is -constantly kept. This latter method is the best where it is practicable, -and ought to be studied to be made so. - -Some, very injudiciously, in extreme frosts put into the room, where -there is no chimney, amongst the plants, a furnace of charcoal, in order -to heat the room. The effect is, that the foliage becomes dark brown, -and hardened like, and many of the plants die, the rest not recovering -until summer. - -Watering may be attended to according to the directions of January, only -observing that those that begin to grow will absorb a little more than -those that are dormant. - -Roses, especially the Daily, if kept in the house, will begin to show -flower buds. Use means to kill the Green-fly that may attack them. - -Hyacinths and other bulbs must have regular attendance in tying up, &c. -Take care not to tie them too tight, leaving sufficiency of space for -the stem to expand. Give those in the glasses their necessary supplies, -and keep them all near the light. Never keep bulbous roots while growing -under the shade of any other plant. - -_Camellias_, with all their varied beauties, will, in this month, make a -splendid show. Adhere to the directions given in the previous month, and -so that new varieties may be obtained, (see _Green-house_, _February_, -under the head of _Camellia_,) which directions are equally applicable -here. When the flowers are full blown, and kept in a temperature between -34° and 44°, they will be perfect for the space of four, five, and -frequently six weeks, and a good selection of healthy plants will -continue to flower from December to April. - -Be sure that there is air admitted at all favourable opportunities. Give -a little every day that there is sunshine, if it is only for a few -minutes. - - - - -=Hot-House.= - -_MARCH_. - - -If this department has been regularly attended to, the plants will be in -a fresh healthy state. Where there is any sickly appearance, heat has -been deficient, or insects of a destructive character are preying upon -them. Too much water at the root frequently causes the foliage to become -yellow. It will add greatly to their general improvement, to syringe the -whole twice or three times a week, observing to do it in the morning -about sunrise; and it is highly necessary that the water that is used -should be of the same temperature as the house; and at all times, -whatever water is given to the roots, the same must be observed. For -airing, see last month, observing, as the season advances, to increase -the quantity. - -Continue to fumigate when any of the Green-fly appears, (see _January_ -for directions,) and where there are any of the plants infected with the -white scaly insect, clean them as there directed. If overlooked for a -few months, they will be increased tenfold. Very frequently, where there -are only a few, they are neglected until the plant is overrun with them, -and then it may be said, it is impossible to dislodge them entirely. -Clear off all decayed leaves from the plants. These will have made fresh -shoots, and the decayed leaves very much disfigure the whole collection. -We would not have repeated this observation, if it was not an essential -point, and one which is so frequently neglected. - - -OF SHIFTING PLANTS. - -Those _Alstr[oe]merias_ that are growing freely, and in small pots, should -be put into pots of a larger size. This genus of plants will not flower -except they are encouraged with frequent shifting: they are all -beautiful. - - - - -=Green-House.= - -_MARCH_. - - -The plants in this compartment will begin to assume a different aspect, -and air must be admitted every day if practicable, giving large portions -in sunshine by the sashes regularly over all the house, opening those of -the front a little, and likewise the doors in fine mild days. To perform -this judiciously, give a little about eight or nine o'clock, more at -ten, and the whole from eleven till twelve o'clock, shutting again by -degrees. - -Fire heat will now be dispensed with, but in frosty nights have the -shutters on about sundown. The sun is now powerful, and the house can be -early shut up in the afternoon, and will gain as much natural heat as -will keep up the required temperature, viz. 36° to 40°. Perhaps there -may be uncommonly cold weather; at such times be attentive to ward off -danger by applying artificial heat. - - -OF WATERING. - -Look over the pots and tubs at least every alternate day, to see where -water is wanted. In watering, too much caution cannot be used, -especially during winter and the commencement of spring. It was observed -last month what would be the effect of too much water. It may be -remarked, that if the exterior of the pot is very damp, the soil inside -is too wet, and in that state is uncongenial to vegetation, which now -begins to start, and ought by all possible means to be encouraged. -People may be frequently observed watering all plants indiscriminately, -not taking the trouble to look into or feel the state of the soil in the -pots or tubs, and by going over them three or four times in this manner -will be sufficient to put the plants in such a state, that they will not -be recruited for some months. Hence the reason of so many sickly plants. - -_Caméllias_, where there are collections, will continue to flower. Treat -them according to the directions given last month. - - -OF ORANGES, LEMONS, &c. - -Be sure they are not too wet, as too much humidity as well as aridity -causes their foliage to have a yellow appearance, with this difference, -that in the former case the foliage is the same to the touch as when -green; but in the latter, it is soft and dry. We have observed trees in -tubs and half barrels, with holes all round their sides. This is a -ludicrous idea, having the appearance of keeping the water from reaching -the bottom of the tub or barrel. For the best kind of tub for large -trees, see _August_ under this head. If any of the trees have stunted, -straggling, or irregular heads, about the end of this month, or -beginning of next, head or cut them down to the shape desired. The old -wood will push fresh shoots. You may cut close, or shorten less or more, -according as you desire young shoots to arise; at the same time observe -that you do not cut below the graft or inoculation. Trees thus headed -down should be kept until May, and then planted in the garden, (see -_May_,) or if that cannot be done, turn it out, and reduce the ball of -earth by probing with a pointed stick all round the sides and bottom of -the ball, cutting off any very matted roots. If any of the roots are -decayed, cut them into the sound wood. By being thus reduced, it will go -into the same pot or tub if not a less one. Having a good supply of -fresh earth ready, put a few inches in the bottom of the pot or tub, -place the tree therein, and fill all round, at the same time pressing it -down with the hand or a stick. Give very little water until there are -signs of vegetation. - - -MYRTLES, OLEANDERS, &c. - -These, with similar exotics, may be treated as above. If any of them -have been infected with the scaly insect, after heading down, &c. scrub -the remaining stems with a strong decoction of tobacco, heated to about -100°. Afterwards clean with soap and water. - - -GERANIUMS. - -These will be growing freely. Keep them in airy situations, so that they -may not grow too weak, and flower imperfect. To flower these plants -strong, and of good colour, they must not be too crowded together, -neither far from the light, and have plenty of air admitted to them, -when the weather is favourable. Keep them free from the Green-fly by -fumigating frequently. - - -HERBACEOUS PLANTS. - -Plants of this character will, by the first of the month, begin to grow. -The best time to divide and fresh pot them is when the young shoots are -about one inch above ground. See under the head _Shifting_ in this -month. - - -OF CAPE BULBS, &c. - -_Cape Bulbs_, such as _Lachenàlias_, _Oxalis_, _Ixias_, _Gladìolus_, -_Watsònias_, _Babiànas_, &c. will in many of the species be showing -flower. Keep all of them near the glass, to prevent them from being weak -and unsightly. - -_Hyacinths_, _Tulips_, _Narcissus_, &c. Those that have been kept in the -Green-house during winter will be in great perfection. Have all the -flower stems tied up neatly to small stakes, (which, if painted green, -will look much better,) and keep them from the direct rays of the sun. -In the front of the house perhaps will be the best situation. They must -be freely watered while in flower. Where there is convenience, it will -be essential to keep the pots in saucers containing water; it will -strengthen both stems and flowers, and likewise preserve them longer in -perfection. Those that are blooming should be put aside, and watered -sparingly, until the foliage begins to decay, when the pots may be laid -on their side to ripen the bulbs. - - -REPOTTING. - -If you have any of the following plants that you are desirous of -encouraging, they should be repotted this or next month at the latest. -Large plants will not require it, if they were done in August. Pots one -size larger than those that they are in, are sufficient. _Acacias and -Mimòsas_ being now united into one genus, there are above two hundred -species. About one hundred and thirty belong to the Green-house. Amongst -such a beautiful family, both for elegance of flower and beauty of -foliage, it will be difficult to specify the most handsome and desirable -for this department. _A. móllis_, _A. glaucéscens_, _A. verticilàta_, -_A. florabúnda_, _A. diffùsa_, _A. armàta_, _A. verniciflùa_, _A. -decúrrens_, _A. armàta_--weeping variety, _A. púbescens_, _A. -leucolòbia_, _A. decípiens_, _A. fragràns_, _A. pulchélla_, _A. -lophántha_, _A. myrtifòlia_, &c. These will afford a great variety of -foliage, and are very desirable, flowering principally in winter, or -early in spring. The flowers of those belonging to the Green-house are -of a yellow or straw colour; the most of those that are red or purple, -with the celebrated medicinal species, belong to the Hot-house, for -which see _May_. There are some of the species very subject to the white -scaly insect, which must be attended to, that they may not get to any -extent. - -_Agapánthus_, three species. They are all blue flowers. _A. umbellàtus_ -is very celebrated, and well known in the collections of the country. -There is a variegated variety of it highly desirable, the foliage being -white striped, and frequently the flower stem and the flower are as good -as the species. They have very strong roots, and require plenty of -freedom. Plants are always large before they flower, and when the pots, -by frequent shifting, become inconvenient, the plant should be divested -of all the earth, and, if too large, divide it, cutting off the -strongest of the fibres; then they will admit of being put into smaller -pots. If the above operation is performed in August or September, it -will not retard their flowering, which, when well grown, is very -handsome, the flower stem arising about three feet, and crowned with -twenty or thirty brilliant blue blossoms, continuing to bloom -successively. - -_Alonsòas_, five species, all soft wooded, small, shrubby plants, with -scarlet flowers. _A. incisifòlia_ is known amongst us under the name of -_Hemímeris urticifólia_, and _A. lineàris_ as _H. lineàris_. If well -treated, they form very handsome plants, and flower freely. They will -not bear strong fumigation; and, when the house is under that -operation, they must be put on the floor of the Green-house, where they -will not be so much affected. They flower from May to August. - -_Aùcuba japónica_ is the only species. The flowers are small and almost -insignificant, colour purple; but the foliage is a desirable object, -being yellow spotted, or blotched. It is tolerably hardy, and withstands -our winters. It prefers shade, and, if the situation was such when -planted out, it would grow more freely. The hot rays of the sun are very -prejudicial to its growth. It is an evergreen shrub, and very desirable. - -_Anagyris_, three species, evergreen, pea flowered shrubs, flowers -yellow, nothing very attractive in either of the species. A. _f[oe]tida_ -is found in many collections, and we have no doubt but it may prove, in -this country, a hardy shrub. - -_Azàleas_, seven of the China species, which are those we shall -enumerate here. The one that has been longest known in the collections -of this country is _A. índica_, a most splendid shrub, with scarlet cup -flowers and dark spots. _A. índica àlba_, flowers of the purest white, -and rather larger than the former. _A. índica purpùrea pleno_, double -purple. This variety is not so fine as any of the others. Properly it is -not purple, or, if it may be termed so, the colour is very light; the -flower irregular. _A. índica ph[oe]nícea_ is magnificent. The colour is -darker, and the flower larger than _A. índica_, and a free grower. _A. -sinénse_, flowers large, yellow. The wood is much stronger than any of -those previously mentioned. It bears a very high character in Europe. It -has not yet flowered in our collection, but appears as if it would in -the ensuing season (1832). All the above ought to have a situation in -every Green-house. They flower from March until May. There are two other -varieties which have not come under our observation. Do not shift or -repot them, if they are in flower, until the flowering is over. The pots -must be well drained; and the plants require a shaded situation. If they -are properly treated, they will be completely covered with their showy -flowers every year. - -_Aòtus_, two species, both fine leguminose plants. _A. villòsa_, is a -native of Van Dieman's Land; and _A. virgàta_, is from New Holland. The -former is preferable. Both have yellow flowers, and are small evergreen -shrubs. - -_Andersónia sprengelioídes_, is the only species, and closely allied to -_Epácris_, flowers small, and of a pale yellow colour. Drain the pots -well; flowers from March to August. - -_Arbutus_, eight exotic species, and six varieties. They are generally -hardy in England; but we question if they stand out in the middle -states. _A. unìdo rùbra_ has the finest crimson flowers; _A. -serratifólia_, the largest panicles; and _A. Andráchne_, the finest -foliage. They flower in nodding panicles; the flowers are principally -white, tinged with green, and wax-like. They bear a pretty fruit similar -to a strawberry; hence it is called strawberry tree, and the fruit will -remain on the bush a long time. They are very fine evergreens, and if -any of them become acclimated, they will be a great acquisition to our -gardens. - -_Bánksias_. There are about thirty-two species, all curious in flower, -and handsome and various in foliage; flowers in large heads and -cone-shaped anthers, mostly green, and continue a considerable time in -flower; produces a cone in shape of a pine, but not imbricate. The -substance is as hard as bone, and contains many seeds. A cone of _B. -grándis_ in our possession weighs one pound twelve ounces, and contains -about 107 seeds. Those most admired for the foliage are _B. dentata_, -_B. æmula_, _B. serràta_, _B. latifòlia_, _B. grándis_, which is the -largest. _B. speciòsa_ has the longest foliage. _B. Cunninghámii_, _B. -spinulòsa_, _B. palludòsa_, and _B. rèpens_, these will afford a good -variety. _B. verticillàta_ is entirely different in appearance from the -others. - -They should be well drained, and placed in an airy part of the -Green-house. Great care should be taken that they do not get too dry, -for they seldom recover if allowed to flag for want of water. This genus -is named in honour of Sir Joseph Banks, a distinguished promoter of the -study of natural history. - -_Bignònias._ Those of this genus belonging to the Green-house have been -divided to _Tecòma_, and there are only three for this department. _T. -austràlis_ known as _B. Pandòræ_; _T. grandiflòra_, known as _B. -grandiflòra_, and has large and magnificent clusters of orange-coloured -flowers, flowering from May to October. - -_Tecòma capénsis_ is a very pretty climbing shrub, a free grower, and -flowers abundantly; flowers in dense panicles, colour orange and red, -continues for several weeks in succession from April to August, greatly -esteemed in Europe where it is known; being now in a few of our -collections, will soon be generally admired. - -_Blètia hyacinthìna_ is the only species belonging to the Green-house, -once known as _Cymbídium hyacinthìnum_. It is herbaceous, and when it -begins to grow divide the root, putting the best into five inch pots. -The spike of flowers are hyacinth-like, and of a beautiful purple, -flowering from April to July. - -_Borònia_ is a beautiful genus of New Holland plants, contains about -nine species; most of them have been universally admired; the flowers -are star-like, and rose-coloured, and some of them sweet-scented. _B. -pinnàta_ grows and flowers freely. _B. serrulàta_, foliage serrated and -very crowded, bearing the flowers on the extremity of the shoot. _B. -alàta_ has a fine appearance, and grows handsomely. The foliage is -winged and pinnate, of a hardy nature, and easy culture, flowers freely. -They are in flower about April and May, and continue a considerable -time; are subject to mildew if not frequently syringed; drain the pots -well. - -_Bouvárdias_, two species. _B. triphylla_ is well known amongst us, has -brilliant scarlet flowers, and when well grown, will flower beautifully -from May till September. To keep the plants, they should be frequently -renewed; otherwise they are liable to grow straggling, and become -subject to the small white scaly insect. _B. Jacquìnæ_ we suspect has -got confounded with the former, being very little different, except the -foliage, which is more pointed. They flower from the young wood, and -often throw their foliage in winter. - -_Brachysèmas_, two species, both evergreen climbers. _B. latifòlium_ has -the best foliage, and large purple leguminose flowers. _B. undulàtum_, -flowers yellow, and more plentiful than the former, continuing in long -successions. The pots require to be well drained; very few plants of -either in the country. - -_Burchéllias_, two species. _B. capénsis_ is a beautiful dwarf evergreen -shrub, with tubular scarlet flowers in large terminate clusters; when -well treated, grows and flowers freely, and highly deserving of -attention. _B. parviflòra_ differs from the above in the flowers being -smaller and paler, and the foliage more pointed. - -_Beaufórtias_, only two species. _B. decussàta_ is splendid; the flowers -come out of the wood with stamens in fine parcels, colour bright -scarlet, foliage decussate, oval, and many-nerved, bloom persistent, and -much esteemed. _B. spársa_, in flower similar to the other, colour light -pink, foliage scattered, both easy of culture, and flower abundantly. - -_Brùnias_, about ten species, have heath-like foliage, very fine, -generally, on close observation, found to be three cornered. The flowers -are white and globular, the plants when young are very handsome; the -finest are _B. nodiflòra_, _B. lanuginósa_, _B. comòsa_, _B. -abrotanoídes_, and _B. formòsa_. They require an airy situation, and in -summer to be protected from the powerful rays of the sun. Drain the pots -well. - -_Bósea yervamóra_, Golden rod tree, leaves large, alternate, ovate, -acute, with purple veins and nerves, flowers brown, in axillary dense -panicles, grows strong and freely. - -_Bæckias_, above twelve species, of heath-like appearance, and except -for variety, are not otherwise desirable. _B. camphoràta_ is -camphor-scented; _B. pulchélla_ is very neat; and _B. virgàta_ flowers -freely. Pots should be well drained. The flowers of all the genus are -white. - -_Billardiéras_, about five species, are desirable as climbers, being of -rapid growth, and abundant in flower. _B. longiflòra_, fruits freely, -and has fine blue berries which look handsome. _B. mutábilis_ is -changeable from purple to scarlet. The fruit of _B. scàndens_ is covered -with down, flowers straw coloured. _B. fusifórmis_ differs in colour -from the others, the flowers being blue. They require to be well -drained. - -_Calceolàrias_, about fourteen species, besides many hybrid varieties. -_C. angustifòlia_, and _C. integrifòlia_ are the best of the shrubby -species. _C. plantagínea_, _C. corymbósa_, _C. purpùrea_, and _C. -hopiána_, and of the hybrid varieties, _C. micàns_ and _C. hybrìda_ are -very fine; but we understand they are numerous, and some of them very -splendid. - -To grow any of these properly, they should be divided a few weeks after -they begin to grow; put them in small pots at first, and enlarge them -gradually. Where there is a hot-house, after dividing them, it will -greatly promote their growth to keep them in it a few weeks near the -glass, until the weather gets mild, when they may be removed to the -Green-house. The flowers are principally yellow. _C. Fothergíllii_, -_purpùrea_, and _archnoidea_ are purple; the hybrids are spotted with -red and brown, and some of them streaked many colours. They continue a -long time in flower. - -_Calothámnus_, four species. This genus is named in allusion to the -splendid appearance of the branches, covered with scarlet flowers of -curious construction, which come out of the old wood. All the species -are of easy culture, and very like dwarf pines. _C. quadríffida_ has the -largest flowers; _C. claváta_ the most abundant. They are all -evergreens, and flower from April to November. - -_Caméllias._ There are about nine species, celebrated over the known -world as furnishing the domestic drug called tea, in universal use, -besides many flowering trees and shrubs as universally admired. Oil may -be expressed from the seeds of all the species, and used as that of hemp -and poppy in cookery. _C. víridis_ and _C. bohèa_ are said to be the -species which supply the tea. Some have asserted that there is only one -shrub used, but by examination it may be easily perceived that there are -leaves of various shape and texture, some of them similar to _C. -sasanqua_. Dr. Abel gives an explicit detail of the growing and -manufacturing process of tea, from which, in compliment to our fair -patrons, we give a few extracts: - -"The tea districts of China extend from the twenty-seventh to the -thirty-first degree of north latitude. It seems to succeed best on the -sides of mountains. The soils from which I collected the best specimens -consisted chiefly of sand-stone, schistus, or granite. The plants are -raised from seeds sown where they are to remain. Three or more are -dropped into a hole four or five inches deep; these come up without -further trouble, and require little culture, except that of removing -weeds, till the plants are three years old. The more careful stir the -soil, and some manure it, but the latter practice is seldom adopted. The -third year the leaves are gathered, at three successive gatherings, in -February, April and June, and so on until the bushes become stunted or -slow in their growth, which generally happens in from six to ten years. -They are then cut in to encourage the production of fresh roots. - -"The gathering of the leaves is performed with care and selection. The -leaves are plucked off one by one: at the first gathering only the -unexpanded and tender are taken; at the second those that are full -grown; and at the third the coarsest. The first forms what is called in -Europe imperial tea; but as to the other names by which tea is known, -the Chinese know nothing; and the compounds and names are supposed to be -made and given by the merchants at Canton, who, from the great number of -varieties brought to them, have an ample opportunity of doing so. -Formerly it was thought that green tea was gathered exclusively from _C. -víridis_; but that is now doubtful, though it is certain that there is -what is called the green tea district and black tea district; and the -varieties grown in the one district differ from those of the other. I -was told by competent persons that either of the two plants will afford -the black or green tea of the shops, but that the broad thin-leaved -plant (_C. víridis_) is preferred for making the green tea. - -"The tea leaves being gathered, are cured in houses which contain from -five to twenty small furnaces, about three feet high each, having at top -a large flat iron pan. There is also a long low table covered with -mats, on which the leaves are laid, and rolled by workmen, who sit round -it: the iron pan being heated to a certain degree by a little fire made -in the furnace underneath, a few pounds of the fresh-gathered leaves are -put upon the pan; the fresh and juicy leaves crack when they touch the -pan, and it is the business of the operator to shift them as quickly as -possible, with his bare hands, till they cannot be easily endured. At -this instant he takes off the leaves with a kind of shovel resembling a -fan, and pours them on the mats before the rollers, who, taking small -quantities at a time, roll them in the palm of their hands in one -direction, while others are fanning them, that they may cool the more -speedily, and retain their curl the longer. This process is repeated two -or three times, or oftener, before the tea is put into the stores, in -order that all the moisture of the leaves may be thoroughly dissipated, -and their curl more completely preserved. On every repetition the pan is -less heated, and the operation performed more closely and cautiously. -The tea is then separated into the different kinds, and deposited in the -store for domestic use or exportation. - -"The different sorts of black and green arise, not merely from soil, -situation, or the age of the leaf; but after winnowing the tea, the -leaves are taken up in succession as they fall; those nearest the -machine being the heaviest, are the gunpowder tea; the light dust the -worst, being chiefly used by the lower classes. That which is brought -down to Canton, then undergoes a second roasting, winnowing, packing, -&c. and many hundred women are employed for these purposes." Kæmpfer -asserts that a species of _Caméllia_ as well as _Olea fràgrans_ is used -to give it a high flavour. - -_C. oleíferia_ is cultivated principally in China for the oil which is -expressed from its seeds, which is much used in the domestic cookery of -the country; flower single white. - -_C. Sesánqua_, Lady Banks's. The foliage of this species is very small, -and paler, and the green not so fine, as any of the others. It seeds -freely, and is often used as the female parent in producing new -varieties; flowers small white and single, with many anthers. There are -a Semi-double, and Double variety of it of the same colour. - -_C. maliflòra_ is figured in the Botanical Register, under the name of -_C. Sesánqua rósea_. The foliage is about the same shape as _C. -Sesánqua_, but the appearance and habit of the plant are completely -different, growing very freely and quite erect; flowers very abundant. A -large plant of it will continue in bloom for the space of three months. -The flowers are of about six weeks' duration, colour and shape of _Rose -de meaux_; has been highly esteemed. One plant of it has been sold for -one hundred and eighty dollars. - -_C. Kíssii_. We believe it is single white, has not come under our -observation, the only species that is a native of Nepaul. - -_C. reticuláta_ was brought from China by Capt. Rawes. The foliage is -very characteristic, being rougher than any of the other flowers, about -five inches in diameter, brilliant scarlet, and semi-double. It was -introduced into Europe in 1822, and is still very scarce. Twenty-five -dollars are paid for a small twig of it. From present appearance, it -will never be so plenty as many of the others, being tardy of -propagation; only a few eyes on the extremity of each shoot make young -wood, and if these are cut off, the plant does not seem to push afresh. - -C. _japónica_, the original of many splendid varieties, probably to the -amount of one hundred. The true one is in very few collections; it is -single striped. - -C. _japónica rùbra_ is the single red of our collections, and used as -stocks to enarch, graft, or inoculate the other varieties upon, being -easily struck by cuttings. It seeds very freely, when the stile is -impregnated, and the seedlings make the strongest and best stocks. - -C. _japónica álba_, single white. It is mentioned in some of our -catalogues, as being very sweet-scented, though not very perceptible to -us. The foliage and wood are very strong, being a free seeding variety, -consequently particularly desirable, as a stock to grow new varieties -from. Its flowers are large and abundant. - -C. _semidúplex._ This is a flower with two rows of petals. Some good -varieties might be got from it, if properly impregnated. - -C. _rùbro-plèno_ is a strong growing and free-flowering variety. The -flowers are large, double red, petals irregular, with the anthers in -bunches amongst them; flowers are of long duration and showy. - -C. _cárnea_, frequently known as Middlemist's blush. Colour pink, one -of the original varieties, and frequently produces seeds; grows freely. - -C. _myrtifólia_, known in some collections as _involúta_. There are two -varieties of it, major and minor; the former is certainly the best, and -has a very handsome, large, and regular red flower; the centre -frequently is pink and purple; it is much the shape of _Double white_, -only the petals are more cupped. The flower is of considerable duration. -It is not properly named. The foliage, though the smallest of the -variety, is much larger than that of any of our common myrtles, which -might make many mistake its character; and another prominent feature is, -the leaves are much recurved and shining. - -C. _hexanguláris_. The flower is six angled, very compact, and dark red. -It is an esteemed variety, and there has unfortunately been another -inferior, substituted for it, in some of our collections. The foliage is -similar in shape to _anemoniflòra_, with the nerves more sunk; the -flowers are of an ordinary size. - -C. _atro-rùbens_, Loddiges' red, is a very fine variety; colour dark red -outside, petals large inside, small and irregular, forming a very -distinct character; foliage stiff; grows freely and flowers well; and of -long duration. We have seen a flower stand fresh on the plant two -months; however, that cannot be a rule, as it depends on the situation. - -C. _anemoniflòra_, or _Waratah_ (from the central petals, having the -appearance of the Waratah plant, _Telopìa speciosissima_.) This variety -is very characteristic, both in flower and foliage. The flower is dark -crimson, with five or six regular large outside petals; those of the -centre are very small, and neatly plaited, with the stile (female organ) -prominent; the foliage is large and oblong, nerves very smooth, and the -wood strong, bark light. Had this kind not been found, we would have -been deprived of many most splendid varieties, which have originated -from it, and we have no doubt they may become as diversified as the -roses of the garden. This variety in a collection for that alone is -invaluable. It seeds freely, and the pollen of any of the others applied -to the style of this, will produce a new variety, which seldom fails of -being double, provided the pollen is from a double variety. It must be -applied the first day that the flower is expanded, for the flower is -only of a few days' duration. Those that are not acquainted with the -buds of this _Caméllia_, will take them to be dead, because, before -expansion, they are very dark brown. - -_C. dianthiflòra_, or Knight's _carnation Waratah_, is, when well grown, -a very beautiful flower; shape and size same as _anemoniflòra_ (and a -seedling from it by Mr. Knight, King's Road, Chelsea, London,) seemingly -the stamens are crowned with small petals, red and white striped, -appearing like a fine large carnation. The style appears fertile, and -there is no doubt but some splendid varieties may be obtained from it. - -_C. blánda_, or blush Waratah, flower in shape similar to -_anemoniflòra_, rather larger, and of considerable duration. - -_C. pompónia_, or Kew blush, flowers very large, white, with a tinge of -blush at the bottom of the petals, which has a good effect in setting -off the flower. They frequently bloom all blush, which appears rather -curious on the same plant; shape one or two rows of guard or outside -petals; those of the inside are short, stubby, and generally irregular, -continues long in flower, yellow anthers among the short petals, and -seeds when the female organ is perfect; foliage narrower than any of the -others, a very fast grower, and flowers freely. - -_C. pæòniflora_. The foliage, shape, and size of the flower of this, is -similar to the last mentioned, colour a rich pink; we have never seen -any of them vary from this; and have seen it seed very double. - -_C. Walbánkii_, has a very large white irregular flower, by some called -poppy-flowered. It is not so pure as the common double white; the -anthers show amongst the petals, and the buds before expansion are very -round, inclining to flatness; the foliage long and shining. The flowers -are of considerable duration. We question with lutea-alba. - -_C. alba-plèna_, common double white, is admired by the most casual -observer, and is generally considered a very superior flower, from the -purity of its whiteness, and the abundance of its large flowers, which -are thickly and regularly set with round petals. The foliage is large, -and the plant grows freely; we have seen one shoot grow two feet in one -summer. It was imported into Europe from China, amongst the first of the -varieties, about eighty years ago. - -_C. flavéscens_, Lady Hume's blush, and by some called _buff_. It is a -very double flower, and frequently hexangular; the bottom of the petals -are most delicately tinged with blush; on looking into it, it shows -more like a blush vapour than nature, and is a great favourite, and -deservedly so, with the ladies: flowers and grows freely, foliage -rhomboid, elongate, nerves very visible, surface smooth and pale green, -distantly serrate. - -_C. fimbriàta._ The size, shape, and set of the flower same as -_alba-plena_, and the white as pure, with the edges of the petals deeply -serrated, or rather fringed; is equally as free in flowering and -growing. It is universally admired, and in great demand. Its character -is unique, foliage very like _alba-plèno_. [See Frontispiece.] - -_C. imbricàta_, said to be a very double red, with imbricated petals, -and very handsome. We have not seen it in flower. - -_C. variagàta_, is one of the old standard varieties, and very much -esteemed. It is striped with red and white; sometimes the ground is red, -with white streaks or blotches, and _vice versa_. The flower when well -grown is large, and very abundant; foliage very fine dark green, similar -to single white. We have had seed from it. The petals are regular, with -the anthers showing amongst them; the flower double, though not so much -so as many of the others. - -_C. crassinérvis._ We have not the smallest doubt but this is the same -as _hexangularis_, and in confirmation of our opinion, we have lately -had the best authority in Europe to that effect. - -_C. conchiflòra_, shell flowered, double, a very handsome shape, petals -round, stiff set, and in the centre quite erect, red with occasional -splashes of white. - -_C. rubricáulis_, Lady Campbell's, very double, colour very rich dark -red, with stripes of pure white, beautifully contrasted. The richness of -this flower is very striking, and much esteemed; flowers freely. - -_C. longifòlia_ is a single red, the foliage is large, and longer than -the generality of them. - -_C. chandlrerii_, or versicolor, colour vivid scarlet with occasional -splashes of pure white; the flowers vary, and are of long duration, from -six to eight weeks; foliage large and dark glossy green. - -_C. aitònia_. This variety is a beautiful specimen of a single flower -affording a developement of the organ of fructification; the petals are -delicately penciled, and the anthers very bold, colour pink, and the -flower very large; grows freely, and, in our opinion, is surpassed by -none of the single sorts, for raising fine new varieties, if impregnated -with the pollen from double flowers. - -_C. althæiflòra_, hollyhock-flowered, is a great beauty, with large -double dark red flowers, the veins are very prominent, petals frequently -irregular; foliage large, and approaches to the foliage of single red; -and is much esteemed. - -_C. corallìna_, coral-flowered, a very deep scarlet double flower, and -bears a high character. - -_C. insígnis_, a most splendid double flower, large dull red colour; a -very free grower, and highly estimated. - -_C. anemoneflòra álba_. Those that have seen the common _anemoneflòra_ -will be disappointed in the appearance of this, not being pure white, -neither properly anemone-flowered, though a very good flower, and very -distinct from any other; the petals are irregular, anthers abundant, -shape resembling _pompone_; flower not so large. - -_C. heterophylla_. The foliage of this varies very much, a character -that none of the others possess; flower double red; and merits a place -in collections. - -_C. Woódsii_, flower fine double, rose colour; and much has been said in -its favour. - -_C. bícolor_, a single flower, with a rose ground and white streaks, -very pretty, but not so large as many of the single ones. - -_C. speciosa_ is a most splendid variety, has been called _China striped -Waratah_. The guard petals are large, round, and bold; colour red with -stripes of white; the centre is full of small petals, (like -_anemoneflòra_,) and spotted; the foliage large and more heart-shaped -than any of the others; grows freely, flower persistent, highly -esteemed, and considered one of the finest of the coloured _Caméllias_. - -_C. fúlgens_, flower large, and very bright double red, approaching to -_C. atro-rubens_, but more brilliant; foliage a lucid green, very -smooth, young wood and wood buds have a red appearance. We have no doubt -but it will seed; if so, it will be a first rate breeder. - -_C. grandiflóra_, a very large single rich red flower, foliage very -large; a most splendid single variety, and grows freely. It is -recommended to all who wish to improve their collections by raising new -varieties. - -_C. rósa sinénsis_, a very large double flower, colour bright pink, -petals long and full, a very distinct variety, with a beautiful dark -green shining foliage, grows and flowers freely, and is highly esteemed. - -C. _intermédia_, a very large flower, shape of _C. pompònia_, outside -petals streaked to the extremity with a rich blush, ground colour pure -white, and is in high estimation; grows and flowers freely. It is in -very few collections in Europe, and only in three in the United States. - -C. _rose Waratáh_. The description of this flower is the same as -_anemoneflòra_, but differs in colour, and being of longer duration, the -foliage is uncommonly large. - -C. _Pressíi's invincible_. It has been asserted that it is the same as -that known by _C. punctata_ and _C. Pressíi_. We have not seen it -flower, but have seen a drawing of it, the flower equally as large as -_double white_, and same shape, with the petals as regular; the ground -colour brilliant red, and spotted with pure white. It is one of the -newest varieties, and much valued for its unique beauty; hence called -_Invincible_; foliage large. - -C. _Rose Mundií_, is like the garden rose of that name; a large flower, -ground colour pink streaked with white. - -C. _compàcta_ is a new double white, petals and flower not so large as -the common, but more compact, and is considered a very fine variety. - -C. _gloriòsa_, is said to be a fine dark double red. - -C. _Róssii_, is said to be a fine rich double scarlet. - -_Callicòma serratifòlia_, the only species and remarkable for tufted -yellow heads of flowers, which come out at the axils, and continue from -May to July. The foliage is ovate lanceolate, deeply serrated, and -opposite. - -_Carmichælia austràlis_, the only species, has very curious foliage, -which the lilac leguminose flowers come out off, and continue from April -to June. - -_Cunònia capénsis_, the only species, and a handsome shrub, with large -pinnated shining leaves, beautifully contrasted by numerous dense -elongated branches of small white flowers, and twigs of a red colour, -having the habit of a tropical more than a Cape of Good Hope plant. - -_Cléthra arbórea_, and _C. arbórea variagàta_, are both fine shrubs; the -latter is preferable; leaves are oblong, accuminate, and serrated with a -gold edge; flowers white, downy, in large branching racemose spikes, and -sweet-scented; grows freely. - -_Cotoneásters_. Two of this genus are deserving a situation in the -Green-house, _C. denticulàta_, and _C. microphylla_; the last is a -native of the mountainous districts of Nepaul, and may prove hardy; the -flowers are white, small, and solitary, but in the fall it is covered -with pretty red berries, and then looks beautiful; culture very easy; -will grow in any situation. - -_Cròwea solígna_, is amongst one of the finest and easiest cultivated -plants of New South Wales. It flowers at the axils of the leaves, colour -pink, with five petals, connected by entangled hairs; in flower from -April to December, and frequently through the winter; foliage -lanceolate, and a fine green. The plant grows neat, and requires an airy -situation; drain the pots well. - -_Chorizèmas_, about six species, foliage very like some varieties of the -_Holly_; flowers small and papilionaceous; colour red and yellow; -though small, they are very neat. C. _nàna_ and C. _ilicifòlia_ are -amongst the best; if grown from seed, they will flower freely the second -year; drain the pots well. - -_Cineràrias_, Cape aster, about twelve belong to the Green-house. They -are herbaceous, or half shrubby, soft wooded plants. C. _speciòsa_, C. -_amelloídes_, (now called _Agathæa cæléstus_,) C. _purpùrea_, and C. -_lanàta_, are among the finest; flowers blue or yellow; the latter is -considered the handsomest of the genus. The exterior petals are bright -purple, and the interior ones white, and with _A. cæléstus_, flowers -most of the year; flowers syngenesious and star-like. The herbaceous -species must be treated as previously mentioned for that kind of plants. - -_Cístus_, or Rock rose. There are above thirty species, principally -natives of Europe, consequently hardy there, and form a great ornament -to their gardens, being very abundant and various in flower; but with us -they will not stand the rigour of winter. We have no doubt, however, -but, through time, some kinds may be grown that will withstand the -greatest cold of the middle states; they are low shrubby plants of easy -cultivation. C. _ladaníferus_, C. _monspeliénsis_, C. _sálignus_, C. -_popolifòlius_, and C. _undulàtus_, are perhaps the best; the flowers -are of short duration, frequently only for one day; but the quantity -makes up this deficiency, being constantly in flower in May and June, -and sometimes flower again in autumn. C. _crèticus_ is most productive -of the Gum laudanum, which is secreted about its leaves and branches. -The flowers are generally five-petaled, and some of them large; centre -full of stamens; the foundation of the natural order _Cistinea_. - -_Clématis_, Virgin's Bower. There are only six of these belonging to -this, all climbing plants. C. _aristàta_ and C. _brachiàta_ are the -best; flowers in racemose clusters, pure white; foliage small; and -natives of the Cape of Good Hope. The foliage of C. _aristàta_ is -cordate and blotched. - -_Cobæa scándens_, the only species. It is a climber of very rapid -growth, has been known to grow above two hundred feet in one summer; -large bell-shaped flowers; when they are newly expanded, they are of a -pale green colour, and change to dark purple; will grow in the garden -during summer, bearing a continual profusion of flowers, but will not -stand frost. When this plant becomes too large in the house, do not cut -it close to the root, except there is a young shoot arising to carry off -the superabundant sap, for the old wood will not push, which will soon -cause a mortification. - -The best method to adopt in such case is to turn back a shoot, and lay -it in the ground to root, when it will become a young plant; which -should always be done as soon as it appears unsightly. It does best to -be planted in the ground, but will not give any satisfaction as to -flowering in a pot. It will flower as an annual if sown in pots this -month, and placed in a warm room or hot-bed, and planted into the garden -about the end of May. - -_Coroníllas_, a very few are fine species in the Green-house. C. -_glaúca_ is a celebrated plant amongst us, as a free and early -flowering shrub. C. _valentíana_ and C. _viminális_ are equally so, -flower from April to June, colour yellow; papilionaceous flowers in -clusters; agree best with shade. In summer they ought to be kept behind -a fence, or under a tree, as the sun would destroy them in a few weeks. -Drain the pots well. - -_Corréas_, five species, all very pretty dwarf shrubs, and flower -profusely; foliage ovate, cordate, and either rusty or downy beneath. C. -_álba_ and C. _rúfa_ have both white flowers a little tubular. C. -_pulchélla_ is a very handsome erect growing plant, flowers large and -tubular, of a deep pink colour, and grows freely: it is thought the -finest of the genus. C. _speciòsa_ has been long admired as a splendid -free flowering plant; flowers same shape as C. _pulchélla_, but not so -large; colour red and yellowish green. C. _virèns_ is a very free -grower, flowers same shape as the two last, colour entirely green. These -three last mentioned are abundant flowerers, having a continued -succession from November to June, possessing the valuable requisite of -flowering through the winter, and ought to be in every collection. They -require an airy situation, and the pots to be well drained. The plants -in summer must not be fully exposed to the sun. - -_Cratàgus._ There are none of these belonging to the Green-house; but -there is a plant in the collections, known as C. _glabra_, which is -_Photínia serrulàta_, a native of China, and is a very handsome plant, -has long foliage, deeply serrated, very shining. _P. arbutifòlia_, a -native of California, and is the finest of the genus; flowers in large -dense panicles, foliage larger than the former, and not so deeply -serrated; they are both comparatively hardy, and we soon expect to see -them acclimated. - -_Cupréssus_ may be desired in collections, as erect and handsome growing -evergreen shrubs. C. _lusitánica_, the famed cedar of Goa; C. _péndula_ -and C. _juniperoídes_ are the most desirable; flowers are insignificant, -and yellowish; we have no doubt they may prove hardy. C. _lusitánica_ is -the handsomest tree of the genus. Its abundant, very long dichotomous -branchlets, distinguish it from all the evergreens of the conoferious -tribe. - -_Calámpelis scábra_, once _Eccremocárpus scáber_, is a very fine -climber, where there is a convenience to plant it in the ground. It will -flower profusely from March to November; foliage pinnate, with tendrils; -flowers from the axils on young shoots in a kind of racemose, and of a -golden colour; grows freely. - -_Celástris_, staff-tree, about twenty-five species; of no particular -beauty. Some of them have numerous small white flowers, in cymes and -panicles; foliage generally ovate, acute, and serrated. C. _pyracántha_, -C. _cymósa_, C. _multiflòrus_, and C. _lúcidus_, are the most -conspicuous, and all the genera are of easy culture. - -_Coòkia púnctata_, Wampee-tree of China, named in honour of the -celebrated Capt. Cook. The fruit is much esteemed in China, where it -grows to about the size of a walnut, in bunches; leaves pinnate, ovate, -lanceolate, accuminate; when rubbed, have a strong odour; flower small -white in racemose spikes, of slow growth. - -C. _allistàchys_. There are two of them very handsome large growing -shrubs. C. _lanceolàta_ and C. _ovàta_, foliage silky-like, and light -coloured; flowers yellow, papilionaceous, and very abundant. - -_Davièsias_, above ten species, principally natives of New South Wales, -all yellow papilionaceous flowers. _D. ulicìna_, _D. latifòlia_, _D. -aciculàris_, and _D. inricssàta_, are very fine species, flower and grow -freely, and require to be well drained; bloom from April to August. - -_Diósmas_. This genus is now very much divided, and only contains about -thirteen species: the generas that they have been given to, are -_Adenándra_, _Barosma_, _Acmadènia_, and _Agathósma_. We will enumerate -a few of the finest species of each. _D. capitála_, _D. oppositifólia_, -_D. longifòlia_, _D. rùbra_, and _D. teretifòlia_, are the most -conspicuous, all small white flowers except _D. rùbra_; foliage small, -and all handsome growing evergreens. - -_Adenándras_, eight species. This genus is the most select of those that -have been subdivided. _A. speciòsa_, _A. umbellàta_, _A. álba_, _A. -fragràns_, and _A. uniflòra_, are all splendid flowers: and all white -except _A. fragràns_, which is red. Pots must be well drained. - -_Barósmas_, above ten species. _B. serratifòlia_, _B. pulchèlla_, -purple, _B. f[oe]tidíssima_, blush, _B. odoràta_, white, and _B. -dioíca_, pink, are the finest. - -_Acmadènias_, five species. _A. lavigàta_, _A. púngens_, and _A. -tetragònia_, blush, are good species. - -_Agathósmas_, above twenty-five species, many of them very celebrated -free flowering shrubby plants. _A. accuminàta_, _A. hybrida_, _A. -Thunbergiàna_, _A. imbricàta_, _A. prolífera_, _A. pátula_, and _A. -pulchélla_, which is the finest of the genus, the dried leaves of which -the Hottentots use as powder to mix with the grease with which they -anoint their bodies. Some travellers assert that it gives them so rank -an odour, that they sometimes could not bear the smell of those who were -their guides. In fact the foliage of all the five last mentioned -generas, if rubbed by the hand while on the plant, has a very strong -smell, some of them very agreeable, others disagreeable. They are all -heath-like and evergreen small neat growing shrubs. They require while -growing luxuriantly to have their young shoots topped to make them -bushy; drain all the pots well, and keep them in airy situations, and -not crowded with other plants, or they will become slender and -unsightly. - -_Dryándras._ This genus is closely allied in character and habits to -_Bánksia_, and contains above sixteen species. D. _nívea_, has a most -beautiful foliage, very long and deeply indented. D._formòsa_, has a -scent like the fruit of an Apricot. D. _nervòsa_, D. _floribúnda_, D. -_armàta_, D. _plumòsa_, D. _Baxtèri_, D. _nervòsa_, and D. _falcàta_, -are the most conspicuous, and all highly desirable plants in -collections. They are very delicate of importation; flowers are straw -and orange coloured and thistlelike. Seeds in small cones. Treat them -the same as directed for _Bánksias_. - -_Dillwynias_, above twelve species, and plants very little known. D. -_floribúnda_, D. _teretifòlia_, and D. _phylicoides_, are desirable -plants; flowers small, papilionaceous, and colour yellow. They are very -liable to suffer from too much wet; while dormant, therefore, the pots -must be effectually drained. - -_Dampièras_, four species. The genus is named in honour of Captain W. -Dampier, a famous voyager, has Lobelia-like flowers, either blue or -purple. C. _purpùrea_, C. _undulàta_, and C. _strícta_, are the finest; -the two former are shrubby; the latter is herbaceous; they all flower -freely. - -_Edwárdsias_, about four species, very beautiful foliaged plants and -have very curious yellow flowers, but do not flower until the plant -becomes large. _E. grandiflòra_, _E. chrysòphylla_, and _E. -meirophylla_, are the best, and are tolerably hardy, though doubtful of -ever being acclimated. The flowers are leguminose, foliage ovate, -pinnate, from eight to forty on one footstalk, and appears to be covered -with gold dust. The hardier they are grown, the more visible it will -appear. - -_Elichrysums_. This genus is now extinct, and two splendid species of it -given to others. _E. proliferum_ is now _Phænàcoma prolífera_, and has -beautiful purple everlasting rayed flowers, and highly esteemed: the -foliage round, ovate, smooth, and closely imbricated. _E. spectábile_ is -now _Aphélexis hùmilis_, has pine-like foliage, and large light purple -flowers and everlasting; care must be taken that they are not over -watered; drain the pots well. - -_Enkiánthus_, only two species, both very fine. _E. quinqueflòrus_ has -large ovate accuminate foliage, flowers pink, and pendulous; very -handsome. _E. reticulátus_, the foliage is netted, and the flowers -blush; they are liable when dormant to suffer from wet. Be sure to drain -the pots well, and sparing in water while in that state. - -_Epácris_, above twelve species, and all very ornamental. _E. -grandiflòra_ has been celebrated ever since it was known; the foliage is -small, flat, and accuminate; flowers tubular and pendulous, bright -crimson, with a tinge of white, and very abundant, in flower from -January to June. _E. pulchélla_ is likewise a most beautiful plant; -foliage very small and closely set, flowers pure white, and in long -spikes, sweet-scented. _E. impréssa_, foliage impressed, and flowers -rose-coloured. _E. paludòsa_, flowers white, and grows very handsomely. -_E. purpuráscens rùbra_ is a good variety, with bright red flowers. They -are mostly erect growing plants; flower from March till June, and a -rough, turfy, sandy soil is found most congenial. They are natives of -the mountainous districts of New South Wales. The pots must be well -drained; the roots will run with avidity amongst the potshreds. - -_Erìcas_, heath. There are in cultivation in Europe above five hundred -and fifty species and varieties of this magnificent genus. About sixty, -years ago it consisted only of a few humble British plants, with the -heath of Spain, _E. Mediterrànea_, which is at present most common in -our collections, though in a few years we may expect to see it -supplanted by others more splendid. - -In their native countries, they are adapted to a great many useful -purposes. In the north of Britain, the poorer inhabitants cover their -cabins or huts with heath, and build the walls with alternate layers of -it and a kind of cement made with straw and clay. They likewise brew -ale, and distil a hot spirit from the tender shoots; and it has been -known to be used in dyeing, tanning, and many other useful domestic -purposes. Encomium on their beauty is not requisite; they are almost as -diversified in colour as colour itself. Many are graceful, and most -elegant; hundreds are pretty; a few noble and splendid; others -grotesque, curious, and odoriferous. To cultivate and propagate them is -one of the most delicate branches of horticulture. Nevertheless, it has -been said by a scientific writer, that "those who complain of the -difficulty of growing the heath are ignorant people who have never had a -heath to grow." The most splendid collection in Europe is under the care -of Mr. M'Nab, of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, where there are -two large houses devoted to their culture; and through the whole year a -continued profusion of bloom is kept up. Some of the plants are six feet -in diameter, and twelve feet high. The soil used is a coarse sandy peat. -Pots drained with potshreds, and pieces of freestone, are put down the -sides of the large pots and tubs: where these can be had they are -essential to the culture of mountainous plants, preventing them from -being saturated with moisture, or from becoming dry, they being -retentive of moisture, thus keeping the roots in a medium state; for if -once the roots are allowed to get thoroughly dried, no art of the -gardener can recover them. This may be the true reason why they are said -to be difficult of cultivation. - -In the summer season the pots must be kept out of the sun, for in a few -hours the pot would become heated, dry the roots, and cause death, or a -brownness of foliage which would never again become natural. Too much -fire heat will hurt them. They only require to be kept free from frost, -need a great deal of air and plenty of light; consequently, should be -placed near the glass, that they may have the benefit of all the air -that is admitted. Their flowers are as varied in shape as variety or -colour, but they all partake of a wax-like nature, and are very -persistent. For the finest and most select varieties, see the catalogue -at the end of this work. - -_Eròdiums_, Heron's bill. There are about thirty species, all of a -Geranium character, and there are among them some very pretty flowering, -soft wooded, shrubby, herbaceous, and annual plants. Only a few of them -belong to the Green-house, of which _E. incarnàtum_, _E. crassifòlium_, -and _E. laciniàtum_, are the finest; culture similar to _Gerànium_. The -flowers of these are scarlet, pentapetalous, and veiny. - -_Eucalyptus_, above fifty species of them, and the tallest growing trees -of New Holland; foliage very diversified, generally of a hard glaucous -texture. From their rapid growth, they soon grow higher than the -loftiest house. The most conspicuous are _E. cordàta_, _E. rostràta_, -_E. radiàta_, _E. pulvigéra_, _E. glòbifera_, _E. pulverulénta_, and _E. -resínefera_. In Van Dieman's Land, a manufactory has been established, -where a tannin is extracted from many of the species. The last mentioned -produces gum, like that which the druggists call _Kino_. They ought not -to be too much fostered, as it would in some degree retard their growth. -They are of a very hardy nature. When large, the plants will flower -freely, and are similar in flower to _Myrtle_; many stamina proceeding -from a hard nut-like capsule. - -_Eupatòrium._ There is only one species deserving of cultivation in the -Green-house; flowers syngenesious, white, and in large flattened -panicles; very sweet-scented. The plant, when growing freely, in the -beginning of summer, should be topped, which would make it more bushy; -if not, it is apt to grow straggling. Known as _E. elegáns_, in our -collections. - -_Eutáxia's_, two species. _E. myrtifòlia_ is a most beautiful -free-flowering evergreen shrub; foliage small, but very neat; flowers -leguminose, small, and very many; colour yellow and red; grows freely. -The young plants should be frequently topped, or they will grow naked -and unsightly. _E. pùngens_, similar to the other except in foliage. -They flower from March to June, and ought to have a place in every -Green-house. Culture very easy. - -_Euchìlus obcordàtus_ is the only species: Flowers similar to _Eutàxia_; -foliage almost unique, being inverse, cordate; time of flowering from -March to June. - -_Fúchsias_, Ladies' ear drop. About twelve species. Several of them -elegant and handsome shrubs. _F. virgáta_ and _F. cònica_ are the most -splendid of deciduous Green-house shrubs; the nerves of the leaves and -young wood of the former are tinged with purplish red; the large pendant -flowers which are produced from the axils of the leaves of the young -wood continue during the growing season. _F. cònica_ grows strong, -foliage green, flowers pendant, corolla more spreading than the other, -and when in flower is a complete mass of scarlet blossoms. It flowers -all summer. _F. coccínea_ is a common and celebrated plant, and -deservedly so. _F. microphylla_ is a neat glowing, small flowering -species. _F. arbórea_, has very large foliage, and rose coloured -flowers; a scarce species, but very desirable. _F. gràcilis_ and _F. -thymifòlia_, are both fine; most of the flowers are a bright scarlet, -the stamens are encircled with a petal of bright purple, and are of very -curious construction; they bear a dark purple berry, and are of the -easiest cultivation, but during summer they must be carefully kept in -the shade. - -_Gelsèmium nìtidum_, Carolina jessamine, a most beautiful climbing -evergreen, flowering shrub. In the months of April and May, it produces -many large yellow trumpet-like blossoms of delicious fragrance. If much -fostered in growth, it will not flower so freely. - -_Gnaphàlium_, everlasting. This genus has got all the beautiful Cape -species taken out of it, and given to _Astélma_ and _Helichrysum_. Of -_Astélma_ there are above ten species, most of them very splendid, -everlasting flowers. _A. exímia_ has brilliant red flowers. _A. -spiràlis_, _A. speciosíssima_, _A. frùticans_, and _A. imbricàtum_, are -all very fine; pots must be well drained. - -_Helychrysums_, above forty species, chiefly belonging to the -Green-house, all everlasting flowers. _H. grandiflòrum_, _H. arbòreum_, -_H. orientàle_, _H. fràgrans_, _H. adoratìssimum_, _H. frùticans_, and -_H. fúlgidum_, are all very esteemed species, mostly soft white foliage. -The pots should be well drained, and the plants kept in an airy -situation, as they suffer from the least damp. If the flowers are cut -off before they fade, they will retain for many years all the splendour -of their beauty; but if allowed to decay on the plant, they will soon -become musty, and all their colour fade. - -_Gompholòbiums_, a genus of very pretty delicate plants, all -papilionaceous; flowers generally yellow with a little red; foliage very -variable. G. _barbígerum_, G. _polimórfum_, G. _latifòlium_, G. -_grandiflòrum_, and G. _venústum_, are fine, the pots must be well -drained, and care taken that they are not over watered; they grow -freely. - -_Genístas_: a few of these are very pretty free flowering shrubs. G. -_canariénsis_, G. _tricuspidáta_, G. _cuspidòsa_, and G. _umbellàta_, -are the finest Green-house species. All of them have yellow leguminose -flowers in great abundance; leaves small, lanceolate. - -_Gnídias_, about ten species of pretty Green-house shrubs. G. _símplex_, -G. _serícea_, G. _imbérbis_, and G. _pinifòlia_, flower the most freely; -flowers straw colour, tubular, and corymbose. G. _símplex_ is -sweet-scented, leaves small; the pots must be well drained, and care -taken that they do not get either too wet or too dry, for the roots are -very delicate. The plants must be kept near the glass, or they will be -drawn weak. - -_Goodènia_, a genus of about twelve species, with cordate, serate, -alternate foliage. G. _stellígera_, and G. _suáveolens_ are -sweet-scented; G. _ovàta_ and G. _grandiflòra_ are the best. They are -principally small shrubs, with terminale or axillary flowers, and flower -during summer. - -_Gortèria personàta_ is the only species that belongs to this genus, and -is an annual. There are several plants in our collections known as -_Gortèrias_, but which properly are _Gazània_, of which there are five -species. G. _rìngens_, when the flowers are fully expanded, (which will -only be while exposed to the sun, closing at night, and opening again -with the influence of the sun's rays,) is a great beauty. The rays of -the flowers are bright orange, and the centre dark purple. _G. pavónia_ -has handsome foliage; flower similar to _G. rìngens_, except the centre -of the flower being spotted, and is thought to be the finest, but does -not flower so freely. _G. heterophylla_ is of the same character, except -the foliage, which is variable, the colour orange and vermilion. They -are half shrubby dwarf growing plants, and during the months of July, -August, and September, are liable to damp off at the surface of the -earth, from the action of heat, and too much water. Pots must be well -drained, and the plants kept partially in the shade. Their flowers are -syngenesious, and about two inches in diameter. - -_Grevílleas_, about thirty species. A few of them very handsome in -flower and foliage, among which are _G. punícea_; _G. acanthifòlia_, -(beautiful foliage); _G. concínna_, very pretty straw and rose-coloured -flowers; _G. juniperìna_, green and straw-coloured; _G. lineàris_, white -flowers. The flowers of the whole are curious, though not very -attractive. Some carry their flowers in racemose spikes, others on -flowering branches, which are recurved; the petals are very small and -rugged; the stile longer than the appendage. They grow freely, flower -and ripen seeds; all evergreen dwarf shrubs. - -_Hàkeas_, about forty species, not generally so interesting or -attractive as the last genus; flowers all white; construction similar to -_Grevíllea_, but the foliage more varied. _H. gibbòsa_, _H. nítida_, _H. -salígna_, _H. suavèolens_, sweet-scented, _H. conculàta_, and _H. -lambérti_, are the best, and afford a curious variety of foliage; flower -in June. Drain the pots well. - -_Hemerocállis_, Day Lily. Only _H. speciòsa_ of this genus belongs to -the Green-house; the flower is spacious, and of copper colour. A native -of Jamaica. It has not found its way into our collections. It is -herbaceous, and while growing requires much water. The plant known with -us as _H. japónica_ is now _Fúnkia álba_, (and justly, for the most -superficial observer could have distinguished it as not belonging to -_Hemerocállis_.) It requires to be much fostered to flower well, and -plenty of water. If properly treated, it is a magnificent flower, and -continues flowering from July to September. We doubt not it may prove a -hardy herbaceous plant, (the same as _F. cærùlea_,) if protected during -the first winter. - -_Hermánnias_, a genus of about forty species, all natives of the Cape of -Good Hope, and not worth cultivating. They have yellow cup-like flowers, -and are of the easiest cultivation. Several species are in our -collections. - -_Hibbértias_, about ten species. Three of them are very fine climbing -evergreen shrubs, viz. _H. glossulariæfòlia_; _H. dentàta_; _H. -volùbilis_, if closely approached has a disagreeable smell; _H. -fasciculàta_, _H. salígna_, and H. _pedunculàta_, are evergreen shrubs; -they have pure yellow flowers of five petals, blooming from May to -September. - -_Habránthus_, about ten species of small South American bulbs, nearly -allied to _Amaryllis_. H. _Andersónii_, H. _versícolor_, and H. -_robústa_ are the finest; they are in colour yellow, blue, and lilac. We -have very little doubt but these bulbs will do to plant out in the -garden in April, and be lifted in October. Keep them from frost. Thus -treated, they are very desirable bulbs. - -_Hòveas_, about eight species, pretty plants of New South Wales, blue -pea-flowering evergreen shrubs; the finest are H. _lineàris_, H. -_rosmarinifòlia_, H. _longifòlia_, and H. _Célsii_, which is the most -superb, and flowers in abundance. They grow and flower freely; the pots -should be drained. - -_Hydrángea horténsis_ is a well known plant, and much esteemed for its -great profusion of very elegant, though monstrous, flowers. They are -naturally of a rose colour, but under certain circumstances of culture -they become blue. If grown in brown loam with a little sand, they will -preserve their original colour; but if grown in swamp earth with a -little mould of decayed leaves, they will become blue. The swamp earth -and vegetable mould being more combined with aluminous salt than brown -loam, is the cause of the change; and, when first found out, (which was -merely by chance,) was thought a great wonder. It must have a very -plentiful supply of water when in flower, which is produced on the -shoots of the previous year. They will neither grow nor flower well if -they are not kept constantly in the shade. When kept in the sun, the -foliage is very brown; and by being neglected in watering, we have seen -the flowers completely scourged. Being tolerably hardy, when the winters -are mild, by a little protection in the open air, they will flower -profusely; the flowers will be very large, and in bloom from June to -October. They are deciduous, soft wooded shrubs. - -_Hypéricums_, St. John's wort, about twenty species. A few of them are -very showy, and with few exceptions have yellow flowers. _H. monógynum_, -H. _balearicum_, H. _floribúndum_, H. _canariénse_, H. _ægyptìacum_, and -H. _cochinchinense_, which has scarlet flowers, are amongst the best, -and all of them flower freely; five petals, filaments many in three or -five parcels. They are all of very easy cultivation, and bloom generally -from April to September. - -_Ilex_, Holly, of _I. aquifòlium_. There are above one hundred species -of them in cultivation in Europe, differing in variegation, margin, -shape, and size of the leaves; some are only prickly on the margin of -the foliage, others prickly over all the surface. In Europe they are all -hardy, but with us few or none of the varieties are so. If they become -acclimated, they will be a great ornament to our gardens, being all low -evergreen shrubs. The most common and conspicuous varieties are the -_hedgehog_, _striped hedgehog_, _white edged_, _gold edged_, and -_painted_; the flowers are white and small, berries yellow or red; they -do not agree with exposure to the sun. _J. Cassíne_ and _J. vomitòria_ -have very bitter leaves, and, though natives of Carolina, we have to -give them the protection of a Green-house. It is said that at certain -seasons of the year the Indians make a strong decoction of the leaves, -which makes them vomit freely, and after drinking and vomiting for a few -days, they consider themselves sufficiently purified. - -_Illíciums_, Aniseed-tree, three species. _I. floridànum_, has very -sweet-scented, double purple flowers, and the plant grows freely and -systematically if properly treated, and deserves the attention of the -admirers of flowers. _I. parviflòrum_ has small yellow flowers; _I. -anisàtum_ is so very like _I. parviflòrum_ in every respect, as to make -us conclude they are the same, were _I. anisátum_ not a native of China, -and the other two natives of Florida. When the leaves and capsules of -either of them are rubbed, they have a very strong smell of anise;--they -grow very freely. - -_Indigófera_; Indigo-tree, about twenty species, belong to the -Green-house, and are chiefly pretty free flowering shrubs. _I. -denudàta_, _I. amæna_, _I. austràlis_, _I. angulàta_, _I. càndicans_, -and _I. filifòlia_, are very fine; flowers papilionaceous, in long -panicles; colour various, red, blue, yellow, and pink. - -_Isopògons_, about ten species of _Pròtea_-like plants, all natives of -New Holland. They are very stiff shrubs, with leaves very much divided, -and cone-like flowers at the extremity of the shoots. _I. formòsus_, _I. -anemonifòlius_, _I. attenuàtis_, and _I. polycéphalis_, are the finest; -flowers are straw, lilac, white, and yellow coloured; the pots must be -well drained, and the plants not over-crowded. - -_Justícias._ Only a few of these belong to the Green-house, and are -very simple looking flowers. The most beautiful of them belong to the -Hot-house. _J. nìgricans_, small striped flower; _J. orchioídes_ and _J. -Adhátoda_, Malanut, are the only ones that are worth observation, and -are very easily cultivated. _J. Adhátoda_ has good looking foliage, but -does not flower until the plant becomes large; colour white and light -purple. - -_Jacksònias._ A genus consisting of five species. The foliage is varied, -and all natives of New South Wales. _J. scopària_ is similar to a plant -in our collections, called _Vimenària denudata_. _J. hórrida_, and _J. -reticulàta_, are the finest; the small flowers come out of the young -shoots, are yellow and papilionaceous; the pots should be well drained. - -_Kennèdias_, about nine species, all evergreen climbers, of the easiest -culture, and flower abundantly. _K. monophylla_, blue flowered, and _K. -rubicúnda_, crimson flowered, are common in our collections. _K. -prostràta_, (once _Glycine coccínea_) one-flowered scarlet, and _K. -coccínea_, many flowered scarlet, are very pretty. _K. Comptoniàna_ has -splendid purple flowers, and _K. inophylla_ is thought the most superb. -It is very rare, and we have not seen it flower. They are large purple. -The pots should be well drained; and if the plants are much fostered, -they will not flower so well; flowers are either in racemose spikes, or -solitary, which is rather too much distinction for the same genus. - -_Lambértias_, four species of very fine plants, natives of New Holland. -L. _formòsa_ is the finest of the genus that we have seen; flowers large -and of a splendid rose colour. L. _echinàta_ is said to be finer, but -has not flowered in cultivation. L. _uniflòra_ has single red flowers, -and L. _inérmis_ orange coloured. They are rare plants in the -collections on this side of the Atlantic. Drain the pots well; the -foliage is narrow, and of a hard dry nature. - -_Lasiopètalums_, only two species. There were a few more, but they are -now _Thomàsias_, plants of no merit whatever, in regard to flower; -foliage three lobed, small, rough, and rusty-like. _Thomàsia solanàcea_ -and _T. quereifòlia_, are the best species; foliage of the former is -large, cordate, and deep indented; they are all of the easiest culture. - -_Lavándulas_, Lavender, about seven species belong to the Green-house, -and a few of them very pretty soft-wooded, half shrubby plants, and if -touched, are highly scented. L. _dentàta_ has narrow serrated foliage, -very neat. _L. formòsa_ and _L. pinnàta_ are desirable; blue flowers on -a long spike; should be kept near the glass; they are of the easiest -culture. - -_Laúrus._ A few species are Green-house plants. This genus has been -divided to _Cinnamòmum_; still there are a few celebrated plants in the -original. L. _nòbilis_, sweet bay, though hardy, is kept under -protection. It will bear the winter with a little straw covering, -notwithstanding there should be a plant kept in the house in case of -accident by frost or otherwise; there is a variegated variety of it. _L. -índica_, royal bay, _L. f[oe]tens_, _L. aggregàta_, and _L. glúaca_, are -favourites. There is a species known in our collections as _L. scábra_. -The Camphire tree, known as _L. camphòra_, is _Cinnamòmum camphòra_; the -wood, leaves, and roots of this tree have a very strong odour of -camphire. It is obtained by distillation from the roots and small -branches, which are cut into chips, and put into a net suspended within -an iron pot, the bottom of which is covered with water, having an -earthen head fitted in it; heat is then applied, and the steam of the -boiling water acting upon the contents of the net, elevates the camphire -into the capital, where it concretes on the straws, with which this part -of the apparatus is lined. They are all fine evergreens, (which the name -denotes,) and easily cultivated, - -_Lìnums_, Flax, two or three species are very fine, and flower freely. -_L. trigynum_ has large yellow flowers in clusters, and _L. -ascyrifôlium_, whose flowers are large, blue, and white, and in long -spikes. The shape of them is very like the flower vulgarly called -Morning-glory. - -_Lobèlias._ Several of them when well treated, form most magnificent -flowering plants; they are principally herbaceous. L. _Tùpa_ has the -largest foliage, and fine scarlet flowers. L. _speciôsa_, flowers light -purple; L. _fúlgens_, crimson flowers; L. _spléndens_, scarlet flowers. -The three last are of the same habit; the colours brilliant; and to grow -them well, they should be divided, (if there are several shoots -arising,) when they begin to grow, putting them first into four inch -pots, and shifting them frequently, having them to flower in those of -nine or ten inches, which will be about the end of June, or first of -July, and they will continue until October. The pots must be always kept -in pans or saucers filled with water; likewise give plenty to the -surface of the earth, which is to be done during their time of growth -and flowering. If this is attended to, they will produce flower stalks -from four to six feet in height, and covered with branches and spikes of -flowers from bottom to top. The corolla is pentapetalous, three down -and two up; they require a little shade. The genus consists of about -eighty species; seventy of them are exotics; many of them natives of the -Cape of Good Hope, with little flowers of brilliant colours. L. -_cærùlea_, L. _Thunbérgii_, L. _corymbôsa_, L. _pyramidàlis_, and L. -_ilicifòlia_, are very fine species, of weak growth, but flower freely. - -_Lomàtias_, about six species; flowers are white or straw colour, and -similar to _Grevíllea_, but the foliage more handsome. - -_Lophospérmum scándens._ This is a magnificent new climbing soft wooded -shrub, with purple, campanulate flowers, which are produced from the -axils on the young wood; they bloom from May to September; leaves large, -cordate, and tomentose; grows rapidly, and flowers abundantly. - -_Lachnæas_, about five species, remarkable for their downy heads of -white flowers; leaves small, ovate, lanceolate. L. _glaùca_, L. -_conglomeràta_, and L. _eriocéphala_, are the best species. The pots -must be well drained, and in summer the plants protected from the sun. - -_Leonòtis_, Lion's-ear, four species. They have very fine scarlet -tubular flowers, orifice-toothed. They come out in large whorls, and -look elegant; but neither plant nor foliage has an agreeable appearance. -They are of the easiest culture. L. _intermédia_, and L. _Leonùrus_, are -the best flowering species. - -_Leucospérmums_, about eighteen species, of Proteacious plants, chiefly -low growing, and are mostly downy or hairy; flowers yellow, in terminale -heads. L. _formósum_, L. _grandiflòrum_, L. _tomentósum_, and L. -_candicans_, rose-scented. These are fine species. For treatment, see -_Pròteas_. - -_Lipàrias_, about five species, much esteemed for their beauty of -foliage; leaves ovate, lanceolate, downy or woolly; flowers yellow, -leguminose, and capitate. L. _sphærica_, L. _tomentósa_, L. _villósa_, -and L. _serícea_, are the finest. L. _vistìta_ and L. _villósa_ are the -same, although put in many catalogues as different species. None of them -ought to be much watered over the foliage, as it adheres to the down, -and causes the young shoots to damp off. Drain the pots well, and keep -the plants in an airy situation. - -_Lysinèmas_, four species, closely allied to _Epácris_. In every respect -treatment the same. L. _pentapítalum_, L. _conspicum_, and L. _ròseum_, -are the best; the flowers of the two former are white. L. _silaifòlia_ -has leaves bipinnatifid and smooth, segments wedge-shaped and cut. L. -_dentàta_ and L. _ilicifòlia_ are the finest; the pots should be -drained. - -_Lonícera japónica._ There is a plant in our collections known by that -name, which is now _Nintooa longiflàra_; flowers of a straw colour, but -come out white. It has been known to withstand the winter, but does not -flower, and is frequently killed entirely. - -_Lychnis coroàta_, is an esteemed Chinese plant; flowers-in abundance, -pentapetalous, large, and a little indented at the edges; colour a -red-like orange; flowers terminale and axillary. The roots must be -divided every spring, or they will dwindle away to nothing. Perhaps a -good method of treatment would be to divide the roots, and plant them in -the garden; they would flower well, and could be lifted in the fall, -and put under protection. We have no doubt that it may become -acclimated. If not done so, plant them in four inch pots, and repot them -into those of six inch in May. Do not expose them while in flower to the -mid-day sun, for it will deteriorate the fine colour. - -_Leptospérmums_, about thirty species, all pretty New Holland evergreen -dwarf shrubs, with small white flowers. L. _baccàtum_, L. _péndulum_, L. -_juníperinum_, L. _ovátum_, L. _stellàtum_, L. _grandiflórum_, and L. -_scopàrium_, are the best of the species. The latter was used as tea by -Capt. Cook's ship's crew. It is an agreeable bitter, with a pleasant -flavour, when fresh. When young plants are growing, they ought to be -frequently topped to make them bushy, and kept in an airy situation, or -they will be drawn and unsightly. They are of very easy culture. - -_Leucadéndrons_, Silver tree, above forty species, all natives of Cape -of Good Hope. They are evergreens with handsome, silvery-like foliage. -L. _argentéum_ (once _Pròtea argentéa_) is a great beauty; foliage -white, lanceolate, and silky. It is a plant that has been long in -cultivation, greatly admired, and much sought for, and is the finest of -the genus. L. _squarròsum_, L. _stellàtum_, (once _Pròtea stellaris_) L. -_tórtum_, L. _servíceum_, L. _margìnàtum_, and L. _plumôsum_ (once _P. -parviflòra_) are all fine species. The pots must be well drained, and -the plants never over-watered. They are very desirable in collections -for their beauty of foliage; flowers similar to _Pròtea_. - -_Magnòlias._ There are four species that require the protection of our -Green-houses; all the others are hardy. M. _fuscàta_, and M. -_annonæfòlia_, are very similar in foliage and flower: the young -branches and leaves of M. _fuscàta_ is covered with a brown, rusty-like -down; the other by some is considered merely a variety; flowers small, -brown, and very sweet-scented. M. _pùmila_ is very dwarf growing; leaves -large and netted; flowers semi-double, white, pendant, and fragrant. -They are natives of China. We have several others from the east, but -being deciduous are perfectly hardy. M. _odoratíssima_, now _Talàuma -Candólii_, a native of the Island of Java, and said to be very -odoriferous, but is very rare even in Europe; said to have a straw -coloured flower. M. _conspícua_ is desirable to have in the Green-house, -if enarched on a stock of M. _purpùrea_, which will always keep it -dwarf, and it will flower magnificently in February and March. - -_Melalèucas_, above thirty species, and a beautiful genus of New Holland -plants, of easy culture; flowers come out of the wood like fringes. M. -_elíptica_, M. _fúlgens_, scarlet, M. _decussàta_, M. _hypericifòlia_, -M. _squarròsa_, M. _linarifòlia_, M. _incana_, M. _tetragònia_, M. -_thymifòlia_, are all very fine species, and flower freely if they have -been grown from cuttings; the singularity of flower and diversity of -foliage make them generally thought of. - -_Maurándias_, three species, of very pretty climbing Green-house plants, -flowering from March to October. M. _Barclàyana_ has splendid flowers, -large, light blue, campanulate, and very abundant. M. _semperflòrens_ -has rose coloured flowers, of the same character. They will flower best -if planted in the ground. - -_Myrsínes_, Cape Myrtle, dwarf cape evergreen shrubs covered with small -flowers from March to May. M. _retùsa_ has green and purple flowers; M. -_rotundifòlia_, flowers white and purple. They will grow in any -situation, and are of easy culture. - -_Méspilus japónica._ The plant, known under that name, is now -_Eriabòtrya japónica_, Loquat, is a fine plant with large lanceolate, -distantly serrated leaves, white underneath; small white flowers on a -racemose spike, and produces a fruit about the size of a walnut, of a -fine yellow blush colour, and of delicious flavour. If it flowers in the -fall, it will require the heat of a Hot-house to ripen the fruit. It is -of very easy culture, and its noble aspect is never passed unobserved. - -_Metrosidèros_, about five species. Many have been added to -_Callistèmon_. M. _flòrida_, M. _umbellata_, and M. _angustifòlia_, are -the best species. C. _salígnum_, C. _lanceolàtum_, variety -_semperiflòrens_, C. _glaùcum_, once M. _speciòsa_, has splendid scarlet -flowers and C. _formòsum_; these are all beautiful plants, with scarlet -flowers. Other two beautiful species with white flowers have been given -to _Angóphora_. A. _cordifòlia_, once M. _híspida_, and A. _lanceolàta_, -once M. _costàta_; these genera are very easily distinguished from any -other Australasian shrubs, by the peculiar character of having both -sides of the leaves alike. The flowers consist of stamens, stiles, and -anthers, coming in hundreds out of the young wood for the length of -three or four inches, forming a dense cone crowned with a small twig; -leaving capsules in the wood, which will keep their seeds perfect for a -great number of years. They grow freely, and the pots should be well -drained. - -_Myrtus_, Myrtle, is a well known and popular shrub, especially the -common varieties; and was a great favourite, (even to adoration,) among -the ancients. It was the mark of authority for Athenian rulers, and is -amongst the moderns an emblem of pre-eminence. They are elegant -evergreen shrubs, with an agreeable odour. M. _commùnis multipléx_, -double flowering, is a very neat shrub, and flowers abundantly. M. -_commùnis leucocárpa_, White-fruited Myrtle, is quite unique, when the -berries are on it. M. _itálica variagáta_, striped leaved; M. _itálica -maculàta_, blotch leaved, are very fine shrubs; and M. _tomentòsa_, -Chinese Myrtle, is a magnificent erect growing shrub, with a white down -over the foliage; the flowers are the largest of the genus. When they -first expand, they are white, and afterwards change to purple, so that -there are beautiful flowers of several shades of colour on the plant. We -have not the smallest doubt but this species will become in many -instances as plentiful as the common myrtle. It is more easily grown, -but cannot stand much exposure to the sun in summer. M. _tenuifòlia_ is -a very fine plant, and a native of New South Wales. Myrtles in general -should be sprinkled with water in the evenings, to keep off mildew and -red spider. - -_Nandìna doméstica_, the only species, and a popular shrub in the -gardens of Japan, where it is called _Nandin_. It has supra-decompound -leaves, with entire lanceolate leaflets, a kind of foliage that is very -rare; the flowers are small, whitish green, in panicles, succeeded by -berries of the size of a pea; drain the pots well. - -_Nèrium_, (Oleander,) is a genus of beautiful erect growing evergreen -shrubs, of the easiest culture, and abundant in flower. _N. oleánder_ is -the common rose coloured single flowering species, from which six -varieties have originated. At present the most popular is _N. oleánder -splèndens_, which has a double rose coloured flower. There is one that -has got in our collections as double white which is only semi-double. We -have seen a white, variety as double as _N. o. splèndens_, and have no -doubt but in a few years it will be plentiful. _N. oleánder -elegantìssimum_, a most beautiful plant, with deep silver-edged foliage; -and the young wood is striped white and green. We are not positive in -respect to the beauty of its flowers, but it has a high character. We -have heard of a double-yellow variety, but the reports are not properly -authenticated; and we doubt it very much. There are likewise single -yellow, single white, and single blotched varieties of _N. oleánder_. -They are subject to the small white scaly insect, and should be -frequently washed, as has been directed, to keep it off. - -_Oleas_, Olive, about twelve species and varieties. _O. Europæa -longifòlia_, is the species that is cultivated to such an extent in the -south of France, and Italy. _O. Europæa latifòlia_ is chiefly cultivated -in Spain. The fruit is larger than that of Italy, but the oil is not so -pleasant, which is obtained by crushing the fruit to a paste, and -pressing it through a woollen bag, adding hot water as long as any oil -is yielded. The oil is then skimmed off the water, and put into barrels, -bottles, &c. for use. The tree seldom exceeds thirty feet, and is a -branchy glaucous evergreen, and said to be of great longevity. Some -plantations at Turin in Italy are supposed to have existed from the time -of Pliny. It frequently flowers in our collections, but seldom carries -fruit; flowers white, in small racemose axillary spikes. _O. cupénsis_ -has a thick large oblong foliage; flowers white, in large terminale -panicles. _O. verrucòsa_, foliage flat, lanceolate, and white beneath, -branches curiously warted. _O. fragráns_, foliage and blossoms are both -highly odoriferous; the plant is much esteemed in China, and is said to -be used to adulterate and flavour teas. Leaves are elliptic, lanceolate, -and a little serrated; flowers white in lateral bunches. It is subject -to the small, white scaly insect, and ought to be carefully kept from -them by washing. _O. paniculata_ is a fine species. They are all very -easily cultivated. - -_Oxylòbiums_, seven species, plants very similar to _Callistachys_, with -ovate, cordate, light coloured, pubescent foliage, with papilionaceous -flowers. _O. obtusifòlium_ has scarlet flowers; _O. retùsum_, orange -flowers; and _O. ellípticum_, yellow flowers. They grow freely, and -should be well drained; flower from May to August. - -_Pelargòniums_, Stork's Bill. This genus, so universally known amongst -us as _Gerànium_, from which it was separated many years ago, is a -family of great extent and variety, for which we are principally -indebted to the Cape of Good Hope. By cultivation from seed many hundred -beautiful species and well marked varieties have been obtained. There -are about five hundred species, with upwards of two hundred varieties. -They are of every character, colour and shade, of the most vivid -description. The easy cultivation of the _Pelargònium_ tribe, or -_Geràniums_, as they are commonly called, has rendered them very -popular; also the agreeableness of scent and fragrance of which many of -them are possessed, makes them favourites. If their flowering season was -of longer duration, the varieties and species would be quite -indispensable in collections; but there is every appearance that in a -few years the aspect of them will be changed. The present prevailing -colour of the flower, (which has five petals, three hanging and two -erect, the erect petals being always of the darkest shade,) is a white -or pink ground, with lilac, purple, or pink stripes, flakes, or spots, -and blooms from April to June; though they bloom profusely in large -bunches, the time is limited. The species and varieties that have a red -ground, with black or dark crimson stripes or spots, generally bloom -during the whole summer. These, though scarce in the collections of the -country, will in a few years root out those whose flowers are of such -short duration, and by their blooms charm us half of the year. - -The tuberous and fleshy stemmed species are far more interesting to the -discriminating inquirer than the common kinds. Their habit and -constitution are so peculiar, that we have frequently wondered that they -have not been separated into distinct genera. The cultivation of them is -more difficult, water being very prejudicial to them when they are -inactive. When they are well managed, they flower beautifully, and the -colours are very superior and peculiar, having frequently bright green -and purple in the same flower. If some of the colours of these could be -compounded with the large flowering kinds, those hybridised would be -magnificent. - -The best method to adopt in impregnating these, is to choose the female, -one that has large flowers, of easy cultivation, and as nearly allied in -character and other habits as possible. When a flower of the intended -female is newly expanded, take a pair of very fine pointed scissors, and -cut off the anthers before the pollen expands; then as soon as the -summit of the stile divides, apply the pollen taken from the anthers of -the intended male plant on a very fine camel hair pencil, or cut out the -stigma entirely, and place the anther on the summit of the stile, which, -if correctly done, will have the desired effect. As soon as the seed is -ripe, sow it in light sandy soil; and when it has come up, take care not -to over-water the soil, which would cause them to damp off. When they -are about one inch high, put them into small pots, and treat as the -other varieties. Have them all distinctly marked until they flower, -which will be in the second year from the time of sowing. - -_Phórmium tènax_, New Zealand flax lily, the only species; foliage -resembling an _Iris_, and very thready. In New Zealand and Norfolk -Island, the natives manufacture from this plant a kind of stuff like -coarse linen, cordage, &c.; the plant is very hardy, and we would be no -way surprised to see it stand the severity of our winters. It bears -exposure to the open air in Europe in the 56th degree of north latitude. -The flowers are said to be yellow and lily-like; of the easiest -culture. - -_Phylicas_, above twenty-five species. Several of them are very pretty -growing evergreen shrubs, and of easy culture. P. _horizontàlis_, P. -_squarròsa_, P. _imbricàta_, P. _myrtifòlia_, P. _callòsa_, P. -_bícolor_, and P. _ericoídes_, are all neat growing; flowers small, -white, in heads; drain the pots well, and keep them in an airy -situation. The foliage of several of the species is downy. - -_Pimèleas_, about fourteen species. Most of them are highly esteemed, -and are not often seen in our collections. P. _decussàta_ is the finest -of the genus, both in foliage and flowers, which are red, and in large -terminale clusters; P. _rôsea_, P. _linifòlia_, white, P. _spicàta_, and -P. _drupàcea_, are all fine species. The latter has the largest foliage, -which is ovate and accuminate; berry-bearing. They should be well -drained. They are very small evergreen shrubs, with white or red -flowers. - -_Pittósporums_, about nine species, with handsome foliage, and small -white flowers in clusters, which are fragrant. P. _Tobìra_ is a native -of China, and nearly hardy; leaves lucid, obovate, obtuse, and smooth. -P. _undulàtum_, P. _coriàceum_, P. _revolùtum_, P. _fúlvum_, and P. -_ferrugíneum_, are very ornamental evergreens, and will grow with the -most simple treatment. - -_Platylòbiums_, Flat Pea, four species of fine free flowering plants; -flowers leguminose; colour yellow. P. _formòsum_, P. _oràtum_, and P. -_triangulàre_, are the best; the foliage of the two former is cordate, -ovate; the latter hastate, with spiny angles. - -_Pistàcias_, seven species of trees, principally of the south of Europe. -There is nothing particular in their appearance, except their -productions in their native country. P. _terebínthus_ is deciduous, and -produces the Cyprus turpentine. P. _lentíscus_ is the true mastich tree, -which is obtained by cutting transverse incisions in the bark. P. _vèra_ -and P. _reticulàta_ are good species; leaves pinnated; leaflets ovate, -lanceolate; easily cultivated. - -_Plumbàgos_, Lead-wort. There are only two species of any consequence -belonging to the Green-house, P. _trístis_ and P. _capénsis_. The former -is a shy flowerer, but the latter flowers freely; colour beautiful light -blue, and flowers in spikes; foliage oblong, entire, and a little -glaucous; of very easy culture, and continues in bloom a considerable -time. - -_Psoràleas_, above forty species. A few of them are worthy of -cultivation, P. _odoratíssima_, P. _spicàta_, P. _aculeàta_, P. -_argéntea_, and P. _tomentòsa_. They have all blue flowers, and -leguminose. They are chiefly low shrubs; and will flower and grow -freely; the pots require draining. - -_Podalyrias_, about fourteen species of pretty Cape shrubs; foliage -oblong, obovate, and silky-like; the flowers leguminose; colour blue or -pink. P. _serícea_, P. _styracifòlia_, P. _corúscans_, P. _argéntea_, P. -_liparioídes_, and P. _subbiflòra_, are the finest and most distinct -species, and flower abundantly. - -_Petsoónias_, about sixteen species of dwarf evergreen shrubs; leaves -oblong, or lanceolate, hairy, or downy; flowers axillary and solitary; -the pots should be well drained, and the plants in summer protected from -the sun. P. _hirsùta_, P. _móllis_, P. _teretifòlia_, and P. _lùcida_, -are the most distinct, and grow freely. - -_Pròteas_, about forty-four species. The foliage of this genus is very -diversified; flowers very large, terminale; stamens protected by an -involucrum; many-leaved and imbricated; which is very persistent. P. -_cynaroídes_ has the largest flower, which is purple, green, and red. P. -_speciòsa_, P. _umbonàlis_, once P. _longifòlia_, P. _melaleùca_, P. -_grandiflòra_, P. _coccínea_, P. _cenocárpa_, P. _pállens_, P. -_formòsa_, P. _magnífica_, P. _speciòsa rúbra_, and P. _mellífera_, will -afford a very good variety. It is almost impossible to describe their -true colour, it being so various; red, white, straw, brown, green, and -purple, are most predominant, and frequently to be seen in the same -flower; the plants must be well drained; and during warm weather be -careful that they are not neglected in water, for if they are suffered -to droop, they seldom recover. For this reason the pots ought not to -stand in the strong sun; the plants can bear it, but to the roots it is -injurious. - -_Pultenæas_, about forty species, pretty little dwarf growing shrubs of -New South Wales; flowers small, leguminose, all yellow, with a little -red outside of the petals. P. _villòsa_, P. _obcordàta_, P. _argéntea_, -P. _plumòsa_, P. _fléxilis_, shining leaved, fragrant; P. _cándida_, and -P. _strìcta_, are all fine species, and esteemed in collections. The -leaves are all small; they require an airy exposure, and the pots -drained. - -_Rhododéndrons_ (Rose tree), a magnificent genus, and contains some of -the most superb and gigantic plants that adorn the Green-house. All the -_Azàleas_ (except A. _procúmbens_) both Chinese and American, have been -arranged under this genus. At present the most admired is _R. arbòreum_, -with varieties. _R. arbòreum_ has deep scarlet flowers, with dark spots -and flakes campanulated, and in large clusters; leaves lanceolate, -acute, rough, and silvery beneath. _R. arbòreum albúm_ is very rare. _R. -arbòreum supérbum_, flowers same shape as _arbòreum_, colour bright -scarlet; foliage one third larger, but not silvery beneath; grows -freely, and generally thought the finest variety. _R. arbòrea -álte-Clàrance_ is also very superb. There are several other varieties of -minor note. A Green-house without some of the scarlet varieties of that -plant, is deficient of a flower whose beauty and grandeur are beyond the -highest imagination. It is a native of Nepaul in India, and when found -by Dr. Wallach awakened the ambition of every cultivator and connoisseur -in Europe. There are several other species brought from that country -lately, but none of them has yet flowered. They are highly valued from -the productions of the above; the species are _R. campanulàtum_, _R. -anthopògon_, and _R. cinnamòmeum_. This is named from the colour of the -leaves, which are very peculiar and very handsome; the flowers are said -to be rose-coloured. These three last cannot be purchased under an -immense price; the others have been rarely seen in our collections, but -another year or two will make them more plentiful. Their beauty of -flower is beyond description. The pots should be well drained, and if -they are large, put several pieces of sandy stones or potshreds around -the side, for the fine fibres delight to twine about such, being -mountainous plants. - -_Roéllas_, pretty leafy shrubs, with blue terminale funnel-shaped -flowers, lip-spreading; _R. cilliàta_, _R. spicàta_, and _R. -pedunculàta_, are the finest of the genus. The pots must be well -drained, and care taken that they are not over-watered. - -_Sálvia_ (Sage), is an extensive genus of soft-wooded, shrubby, or -herbaceous plants; very few of them do well in the Green-house, and many -of them are very trifling, having no other attraction than the flower, -and those of the tender species, when compared with _S. élegans_, _S. -spléndens_, _S. cærúlea_, and _S. coccìnea_, (which in artificial -climates constitute the standard of the genus,) are not worth -cultivation. These last mentioned, if kept in the Green-house, will -merely keep in life, but a situation in the Hot-house would cause them -to flower frequently. The best method to adopt with the summer flowering -kinds, is to plant them in the garden in May; they will grow strong and -flower abundantly, and in the fall they can be lifted, and preserved -during winter in pots. They neither grow nor flower so well as when -planted out, and even a slip planted in the ground in moist weather will -root in a few days, grow, and flower in a few weeks. _S. spléndens_ is -the best to select for the purpose. _S. aùrea_, _S. paniculàta_, and _S. -índica_, are fine species. The latter is white and blue, with large -leaves; flowers monopetalous, and irregular; colour generally red or -blue in spiked whorls. All will grow easily with encouragement. - -_Senècios._ Some species of this genus are pestiferous weeds all over -the world. They are found near the limits of perpetual snow, where -neither tree nor shrub is able to rear its head. Yet there are three -species that are neat little plants, and are worthy of a situation, viz. -_S. grandiflòrus_, _S. venústus_, and _S. cineráscens_, with the double -white and red variety of _S. élegans_. The two last varieties are free -flowering, but if allowed to grow several years, they become unsightly. -Being very easily propagated, a few cuttings of them should be put in, -in September, and in two weeks they will strike root, when they may be -put in pots to keep through the winter, and then planted in the garden, -continuing to renew them. The other mentioned species should be -frequently done the same way. Do not keep them damp during winter, or -they will rot off. Keep them in an airy exposure. - -_Schótias_, a beautiful genus of six species, which will require the -warmest part of the Green-house to keep them. The foliage is handsome; -leaves compound: leaflets oval-lanceolate, and in pairs from six to ten; -_S. speciòsa_, crimson, flowers nearly papilionaceous, and in bunches, -the most superb of the genus. _S. alàta_, _S. latifòlia_, once -_Omphalòbium Schótia_, and _S. tamarindifólia_, are the finest; the -flowers of the others are red. The pots require to be drained, and the -plants protected from the hot sun. - -_Swainsònas_, four species of free flowering, soft wooded shrubs, -natives of New South Wales. _S. galigifòlia_, _S. coronillæfòlia_, and -_S. astragalifòlia_, are red, purple, and white; leguminose flowers in -spikes from the axils, are of easy culture, and deserving of a -situation; the foliage is pinnate; leaflets ovate, acute. - -_Scòttias_, three species of valuable plants; _S. dentàta_, with -scarlet leguminose blossoms; leaves opposite, ovate, accuminate, -serrate; _S. angustifòlia_ has brown flowers; _S. trapezifòrmus_, leaves -ovate, acute, serrulate. We do not know the colour of its flowers; the -pots must be well drained, and the plants kept in the warmest part of -the Green-house, and near the light. - -_Sparrmánnias_, are strong growing Green-house shrubs. _S. africàna_, is -a plant very common in our collections, with large three lobed cordate -leaves, hairs on both sides; flowers from March to July. _S. rugósa._ -The leaves are rugged; flowers of both are white, in a kind of corymb, -supported by a long footstalk; buds drooping, flowers erect. There is a -plant known in our collections, as the free-flowering _Sparrmánnia_, -(which is _Entèlia arboréscens_,) and is easily distinguished from -_Sparrmánnia_ by the leaves being cordate, accuminate, and otherwise, by -all its filaments being fertile, and the flowers more branching, and -blooming from November to June, profusely; very easily cultivated, and -desirable. - -_Sphærolòbiums_, only two species of leafless plants, with yellow and -red leguminose flowers, which proceed from the young shoots. _S. -vimíneum_ and _S. médium_. They flower freely, and are easily -cultivated. The old wood should be frequently cut out where it is -practicable. Drain the pots. - -_Sprengélia incarnàta_,, the only species, a very pretty plant, allied -to _Epàcris_; small foliage, long, accuminate; flowers small, pink, -bearded, and in close spikes; grows freely, delighting in shade. The -pots must be well drained, and the plants, when dormant, watered -sparingly, for if they get sodden about the roots, they very seldom -recover. - -_Stylidíums_, six species of pretty litte plants, with small linear -leaves, and remarkable for the singular elasticity of the style or -column, which, when the flower is newly expanded, lays to one side, and -on being touched with a pin starts with violence to the opposite side. -S. _graminifòlium_, S. _fruticòsum_, S. _laricifòlium_, and S. -_adnàtum_, are all free flowering; flowers in spikes, very small; colour -light and dark pink; blooms from April to July. S. _adnàtum_ is half -herbaceous, and should, when growing, be kept nigh the glass, or it will -be drawn, and the flowers become of a pale colour. They are all of easy -cultivation. - -_Styphèlias_, seven species of very showy flowers, with mucronate -leaves; corolla in a long tubular form, having several bundles of hairs -in it; segments reflex and bearded. _S. tubiflòra_, crimson, _S. -triflòra_, crimson and green; _S. adscéndens_, and _S. longifòlia_, are -beautiful species. They grow freely, and should be well drained, as too -much water is very hurtful to them. In summer they ought not to be much -exposed to the hot sun, or the foliage will become brown. - -_Salpiglóssis_, four species of fine herbaceous Green-house plants, -natives of Chili. The flowers are tubular and campanulate. _S. pícta_, -flowers white and blue painted; _S. atropurpùrea_, flowers dark purple, -and _S. isnuàta_, flowers crimson, are superb, and if planted in the -garden during summer will flower profusely. They must be lifted in -October, and taken under protection. - -_Tagètes lùcida_ is found in many of our collections. The leaves are -simple, oblong, and finely serrated. When rubbed by the hand, they have -an agreeable fragrance; the flowers are syngenesious, small, and in -terminale bunches. It is herbaceous; and when about an inch grown should -be divided and potted into five inch pots. Repot it again about the -first of June. It keeps in flower from July to November. - -_Testudinària_, Elephant's foot, or Hottentot's bread, two species -remarkable for their appearance. The root or bulb, if it may be so -called, is of a conical shape, and divided into transverse sections. -Those of one foot diameter are computed to be 150 years of age. It is a -climbing herbaceous plant, with entire reniforme leaves of no beauty; -flowers small; colour green. The pots must be well drained, for when the -plant is inactive it is in danger of suffering from moisture, and ought -not to get any water. _T. Elephántiphes_ and _T. montàna_ are the -species, natives of the Cape of Good Hope, and require the warmest part -of the house. - -_Táxus nucífera_, is the only species that requires protection, and -bears a small acorn; flowers are trifling; an evergreen, with ovate, -lanceolate foliage, thickly set on the wood; will grow in any situation. -There is a plant in our collections known as _T. chinénsis_ or _T. -elongáta_, which is _Podocárpus elongàtus_. It has lanceolate leaves, -erect growing, and very hardy; flowers m[oe]onacious, and of no -estimation except to the curious. - -_Telopèa speciosíssimus_, is the only species, and was once called -_Embóthrium speciosíssimus_. It is now called _Telopèa_ in allusion to -the brilliant crimson flowers, which from their great size are seen at a -large distance, and which render it one of the most conspicuous -productions of New South Wales. The leaves are oblong, deeply toothed, -veiny, and smooth; wood strong; flower ovate, connate, and terminale, -and of considerable duration. There ought to be a specimen of it in -every collection. The pots must be well drained, and the plant in the -extreme heat of summer not too much exposed to the sun. - -_Templetònia_, a very pretty genus, containing only two species. _T. -retùsa_ is an erect growing shrub, with wedge-shaped green leaves. _T. -gláuca_, leaves glacuous, blunt, and a little apiculate; flowers of both -scarlet. They are leguminose plants of free growth, and should be well -drained; blooming from April to June. - -_Tristànias_, seven species of evergreen shrubs. Several of them require -to be very large before they flower. _T. neriifòlia_ is a very neat -little plant, and flowers abundantly; colour yellow; shape star-like, -and in clusters; leaves lanceolate and opposite. _T. conférta_, white -flowers in spikes, leaves alternate. _T. suavèolens_, sweet-scented; -flowers yellow. They are all of very easy culture. - -_Verbénas._ A few of these are showy, herbaceous, Green-house plants. -_V. chamædryfòlia_, lately known as _V. Melíndres_, is a beautiful plant -of a procumbent habit; flowers brilliant scarlet, in glomerated heads -from the axils of the young shoots; blooming from April to October. A -large plant will appear as a solid mass of scarlet. _V. lambértii_ and -_V. pulchélla_ are also very pretty; colour, rose and lilac. A very good -method of treating these plants, is, to plant them in the garden in -April; and give them copious waterings in dry weather, and they will -flower profusely, lifting some of the plants before frost, to preserve -them during winter. They ought to be allowed to run according to their -nature; for if tied up, they will not do so well, being in that way too -much exposed. There is a plant known in our collections as _Verbéna -triphylla_, which is _Aloysia citriodòra_. The flowers are in long -spikes, very small, and pale purple. The celebrity of the plant is in -the foliage, which is linear, lanceolate, ternate, and it has the most -agreeable fragrance in the vegetable world. It is of very easy culture, -and has been known to survive the winter, in open air, in Philadelphia. -It is deciduous, and would do to plant in the garden during summer, -lifting it again before frost, and putting it under protection through -winter. When large before it begins to grow, in spring cut it into a -neat shape or form. - -_Vibúrnums._ A few of these are very ornamental evergreen shrubs, and -almost hardy. _V. tìnus_ is the well known Laurestine, (or what is -commonly called Laurestinus,) is of the easiest culture; flowers small -white, and in large flattened panicles; blooming from February to May, -and universally esteemed. It will stand the winter by a little -protection, but the flower buds being formed in the fall, the intense -frost destroys them; consequently, it will not flower except by the -buds, which sometimes form early in summer. _V. lùcidum_ is a good -species, and superior in flower and foliage to the former, but does not -flower so freely, when the plants are small. When they grow large, they -flower profusely. There is a desirable variegated variety. _V. -odoratíssimum_ has smooth evergreen, oblong, elliptic, distantly -toothed, leaves, and frequently a stripe in them, is sweet-scented, and -a free flowerer. _V. hirsútum_ has flowers similar to the above; foliage -ovate, with rough brown hairs on both sides, and very characteristic. -_V. stríctum variagàtum_ is a very fine variety, and upright growing. -These plants are all very desirable, blooming early in spring, and -continuing for several months; all easily cultivated. - -_Viminària denudàta_, the only species. This plant is remarkable for its -twiggy appearance, but it has no foliage, except when growing from seed. -It has at the extremity of the twigs or shoots, an ovate, lanceolate, -leaf, disappearing when the plant grows old; the flowers are small, -yellow, coming out of the young shoots, to the astonishment of the -beholder. It grows freely. - -_Virgília capènsis_ is a beautiful cape shrub, with a compound leaf of -twenty-five leaflets, ovate, lanceolate, edges hairy; flowers in spikes -at the axils; colour blue and leguminose. The pots require to be well -drained, and the plants protected from the sun. - -_Volkamèria japónica._ There is a plant known in our collections under -that name, which is _Clerodéndron fràgrans múltiplex_. It keeps in a -good Green-house, and flowers well, frequently blooming during winter, -and if planted in the garden during summer, will flower superbly. The -flowers have a delicious fragrance; but if the foliage is rubbed with -the hand, the smell is not so pleasant. The leaves are large, round, -ovate, and tomentose; flowers corymbose, compact, and terminale. There -are several fine plants in _Clerodéndron_ belonging to the Hot-house. -This plant will not bear much fumigation. - -_Witsènias_, four species. _W. corymbòsa_ is a plant that has stood in -high estimation ever since it was known, but unfortunately there is a -very inferior plant, _Aristèa cyànea_, got into our collections under -that name. The panicles of _W. corymbòsa_ is quite smooth; those of -_Aristèa_ are hairy, which is itself sufficient to detect them; but -otherwise the appearance of _W. corymbòsa_ is much stronger, and more -erect growing, not inclining to push at the roots so much as _Aristèa_. -The foliage is lanceolate and amplexicaule, the leaves having much the -nature and appearance of _Iris_. The plant is of easy culture, and -blooms from November to April; colour fine blue. The true one has come -into the country lately. _W. ramòsa_ is a very fine species, similar to -the above; flowers yellow and blue; plant branching. - -_Westríngias_, a genus of four species, very like the common _Rosemary_. -_W. rosmarinifórmis_, leaves lanceolate, and silvery beneath; _W. -longifòlia_ is similar; both have small white silvery flowers, and are -easily cultivated. - -_Zàmias_, about twenty species, eight of which belong to this -compartment. The foliage is greatly admired, and is in large fronds, -with oblique, lanceolate leaflets. Several of them glaucous. It bears -heads of flowers of a brown colour in the centre of the plant, very like -large pine cones. _Z. hórrida_, the finest, _Z. púngens_, _Z. spíralis_, -and _Z. latifòlia_, are the most conspicuous. They must be kept in the -warmest part of the Green-house; and give them large well drained pots. -They are imported from the Cape of Good Hope. All the plants herein -named requiring to be drained. In preparing the pots, place first a -piece of broken pot, or any similar substitute, with the convex side on -the hole of the pot, and then put in a few, or a handful, (according to -the size of the pot,) of shivers of broken pots, or round gravel, about -the size of garden pease. Those that we have mentioned in this -_Repotting_, as to be done in this, or beginning of next month, is not -intended to apply to plants in general, large and small, but to those -that are young, and require encouragement, or to those that were not -shifted last autumn. The roots must not be disturbed, but the ball -turned out entire; and put as much earth as will raise the ball within -about an inch of the rim of the pot. Press the earth down around it with -a thin-narrow piece of wood, frequently shaking it that no vacancy may -be left. If the roots are rotten, or otherwise injured, take all such -off. If this be the case, the plant will be sickly. Give it a new pot of -a smaller size, administering water moderately until there are visible -signs of fresh growth. The plants must not be disturbed while flowering; -let the repotting be done afterwards. Plants are, at certain stages of -growth, if in good health, in such a state that no one can err in -shifting them when desirous to hasten their growth. Those plants that -make two or more growths during the summer may be repotted in the -interim of any of these growths, and all others just before they begin -to push in the spring; that is, when the wood buds are perceptibly -swelled. Never saturate with water fresh potted plants. There are many -kinds that, without injury, could be repotted when growing; but it -requires an experienced operator to decide. It would be of no material -service to enumerate them here. When done potting, tie all up neatly -with stakes rather higher than the plant, that the new shoots may be -tied thereto during their stage of growth, to prevent them from being -destroyed by the wind. There may be many that do not require repotting, -but would be benefited by a top-dressing. This should be done by probing -off all the surface earth down to the roots, replacing it with fresh -compost, suitable to the nature of the plant. - -When the above is done, arrange all the plants in proper order, and -syringe them clean; but if there are any of the Green-fly, they must be -fumigated previous to syringing. Take an opportunity, on the first fine -day, to wash out all the pavement of the house, which should be made dry -before the evening if the nights are cold. Thus every part of the house -will be in order before the hurry of the garden commences. - - -OF ENARCHING OR GRAFTING BY APPROACH, _also termed_ ABLACTATION. - -In this method of grafting, the scion is not separated from the parent -plant until it is firmly united with the stock; consequently, they must -stand contiguously. We intend the following method to apply directly to -_Caméllias_, as they are the principal plants in the Green-house that -are thus worked. The criterion for the operation is, just as the plants -begin to grow, either in spring or mid-summer. Place the stock -contiguous to the plant where the graft or enarch is to be taken from. -If the branches, where the intended union is to take place, do not grow -at equal heights, a slight stage may be erected to elevate the pot that -holds the lower. Take the branch that is to be enarched, (the wood of -last or previous year is the most proper,) and bring it in contact with -the stock; mark the parts where they are to unite, so as to form a -pointed arch. In that part of the branch which is to rest against the -stock, pare off the bark and part of the wood to about two or three -inches in length, and in the side of the stock which is to receive the -graft, do the same, that the inside rind of each may be exactly -opposite, which is the first part where a union will take place. Bind -them firmly and neatly together with strands of Russia matting, and -protect the joint from the air by a coat of close composition; clay of -the consistency of thick paint, turpentine, or wax, will equally answer. -Finish by fastening the grafted branch to the head of the stock or a -rod. Many practitioners make a slit or tongue into the enarch and stock, -but we find it unnecessary, more tedious, and likewise more danger in -breaking. _Caméllias_ are also grafted, and budded, but these two -operations require great experience and continued attention, and seldom -prove so successful as enarching. When they have perfectly taken, which -will be after the first growth is over, begin to separate them by -cutting the scion a little at three different periods, about a week -apart, separating it at the third time. If the head is intended to be -taken off the stock, do it in like manner after the second growth is -over. By the above method, many kinds can be grown on the same stock. -The same plan applies to all evergreens. - - - - -=Flower Garden.= - -_MARCH._ - - -It is expected that all the pruning is finished. If not, get all -expeditiously done, according to directions given in the preceding -months, likewise all digging, and that which was dug in the autumn, -point over, or half dig, that all may have a neat appearance. This must -not be done when the ground is too much imbibed with moisture, as that -would harden the soil. Break it well with the spade, leaving it one or -two days before the surface is raked smooth, that all may be ready to -receive the seeds or plants that are intended to be sown or planted. As -soon as the frost is entirely gone, uncover all plants or shrubs that -have been protected; preserving carefully such articles as will answer -the same purpose next year. The frost disappears generally from the -middle to the end of this month. Cut off all decayed shoots, or such as -have been hurt by the frost. The _Lagerstræmias_ will flower in greater -perfection if they are cut closely; that is, where the wood of last year -is cut to within a few eyes of the wood of the previous year, at the -same time having regard to the shape that the plant is required to take. -Cut off the injured part of any of the evergreens that have had their -foliage much injured by the severity of winter, leaving the part that is -green, which is essential to the support of these kinds of plants. - -Such work as can be done in this month, should not be delayed, such as -hoeing, digging, raking, and clearing away all decayed leaves, and -litter of every description that have been brought or blown in the -garden, during autumn or winter. - - -BOX EDGINGS - -May be planted any time this month, or beginning of next, which in most -seasons will be preferable. We will give a few simple directions how to -accomplish the work. In the first place, dig over the ground deeply -where the edging is intended to be planted, breaking the soil fine, and -keeping it to a proper height, viz. about one inch higher than the side -of the walk; but the taste of the operator will best decide according to -the situation. Rake the surface even, and tread it down with the feet, -or beat it with the spade. Where it gives most, continue to add, keeping -the surface at the desired height. If the edging is to be in a direct -line, either on a level or inclined plane, you may be correctly and -simply regulated by making the desired level at each end of the line. -Take three rods about four feet long each, having a piece of one foot -to cross at one end, two of these pieces painted black, the other white. -Have a black one at each end of the line on the level, take the white -one for the centre, going along the line, and about every twenty feet, -level a spot to the exact height, which will be seen by looking over the -top of the rods from one end. Having found the level, drive in a peg to -it, so that no mistake may occur; beat and level between them, leaving a -smooth surface. This being done, strain the line, and with the spade -proceed to cut out the trench perpendicularly on the side next the walk, -six, eight, ten, or twelve inches deep, according to the length of the -plants. Afterwards take the plants, and cut the tops even, with the -knife or shears, at the same time shortening the roots. Then with the -left hand next the line, plant forward, keeping the tops of the plants -level, and from one to two inches above ground, keeping the plants close -according to the required thickness. Put in the earth as you proceed, -and tread it firm, then rake the surface even, and with the spade beat -it smooth. If the weather sets in very dry, the box will be the better -of a few waterings. Sometimes boxwood is planted without roots, but it -seldom gives satisfaction; not growing equally. - - -TENDER ANNUALS. - -When it is wished to have any of these flower early, if they were not -sown as directed last month, on a hotbed, let it be done early in this. -Those that were sown and now growing freely, must have plenty of air. -In fine days the sashes may be taken off a few hours about mid-day; and -where the plants are too thick, thin them out a few inches apart, that -the air may circulate amongst them. Have another bed ready to transplant -them into about the end of this or beginning of next month. When -transplanted, sprinkle them with water, and shade them with mats from -the sun, one or two days. By this treatment they will be much stronger -for planting into the borders, about the first of May. For the different -kinds, see list. - - -HARDY ANNUALS - -May be sown in the borders about the end of the month, when the ground -is prepared, and the weather fine, but avoid it at all times if the -earth will not pulverise properly. The neatest and most expeditious -method is to take a rod about one foot long, and one inch in diameter, -rounding at the end, with which end draw a circle of nine inches -diameter, from one inch to one eighth of an inch deep, according to the -size of the seeds. Many very small seeds will grow best if sown on the -surface of fine mould. When sown, cover in with the back of the rake, -placing a small twig, or a tally with the name, in the centre of the -circle, to prevent mistakes, either in sowing, planting, or hoeing. When -they come above ground, the first moist day should be taken to pull up -such as are too crowded. Annuals are generally too delicate to bear -transplanting, therefore they ought always to be sown where they are -intended to remain. A few kinds do best with removing, such as Balsam, -Mary-gold, China Aster, Stockgilly, and several others of a free -growing, strong-wooded nature. Annuals are such plants as grow from -seed, flower, and perfect their productions, and then die, within one -year. For hardy sorts, see list. Sow in rows or fancy spots the -varieties of sweet pea. - - -BIENNIALS - -Are such as are of two years' duration. Being sown this year they -flower, seed, or fruit next year, and soon after decay. The seeds should -be sown about the end of this or beginning of next month, either in the -spot where they are intended to remain, or in a compartment by -themselves, regularly marked, and transplanted when convenient. When -they appear above ground, thin them out distinctly, that when they are -to be removed, a little earth may adhere to them; and if put where they -are to stand, leave only three plants. - - -PERENNIALS. - -In every Flower-garden there ought to be a good selection of these -plants. They are lasting ornaments, and when judiciously selected, will -give yearly gratification. In making a choice, a view should be had to -have those that flower abundantly, are of free growth, beauty, and -continuation of flower. It would go beyond our limits, to give an -extensive description of any, but a few remarks on some of the finest, -with their names, are indispensable. - -_Adònis vernális_, is a fine border flower, and will grow in any common -soil; flowers large, yellow rayed, having in the rays about twelve -petals; leaves much divided, bloom in April and May. - -_Anemóne_, Wind-flower. Several fine species, with flowers from one to -three inches in diameter. _A. Hallèri_, blue; _A. pulsatìlla_, blue -pasque flower; _A. alpìna_, large white. These are fine plants, and are -now given to a genus called _Pulsatìlla_. _A. palmàta flòre-plèno_, -yellow; _A. stellàta versícolor_, various coloured; _A. pavonìna -flòre-plèno_, scarlet; _A. narcissiflòra_, white. Any of these are very -desirable. - -_Antirrhìnums_, Snap-dragon. All the varieties of _A. màjus_ are -esteemed in the flower borders; the pure white and bright red are very -showy. A few of the species, _A. mólle_ and _A. sículum_, where there is -variety required, deserve a situation. The flowers are all large, and -similar to the snout of an animal. - -_Asclèpias._ The finest of this genus are native plants, and are highly -esteemed in Europe, but frequently rejected with us, because "they are -wild plants." _A. tuberòsa_ has beautiful orange flowers, and delight in -dry situations. _A. rùbra_, _A. nívea_, _A. purpuráscens_; and _A. -incarnàta_, are the finest of the family. It is best to plant _A. -tuberòsa_ in October. - -_Aconítums_, Wolfs'-bane, one hundred and twenty-eight distinct species, -with several varieties. Many of them are of consequence and beauty; the -flower stems rise from one and a half to six feet upright, and strong, -furnished with many palmate and digitate leaves, terminated by spikes of -blue, yellow, or white flowers, similar to a hood; hence the name of -Monk's Hood is often applied to them. They are scarce in collections, -but in a few years we have no doubt but many of them will be plentiful. -The finest species are _A. speciòsum_, _A. anthòra_, _A. neúrbergensis_, -_A. amænum_, _A. napéllus_, _A. venústum_, _A. zoóctonum_, _A. -pyramidàle_, _A. lycóctonum_, _A. albùm_, and _A. versícolor_. They -flower from May to September, and will grow in any common garden soil. -The roots of _A. napéllus_ are like small turnips, and are said to be -poisonous. - -_Cáltha palústris flòre-plèno_ is a good border plant, delights in moist -situations, has large cordate, crenated leaves; flowers double yellow; -blooming from April till June; and is a desirable plant. - -_Béllis perénnis horténsis_, Daisy. We might almost say with another, -"every one knows the Daisy." It is named from being pretty, and is -perfectly hardy, though generally kept under cover. They delight to have -a shaded situation during summer, to protect them from the sun, which, -as it were, scorches the roots. There are many double varieties in the -gardens, which flower early. The one called _Crown_, or _Carnation_ -Daisy, is twice the size of the common varieties, and has white and red -petals alternately, and very double. Loamy soil, inclined to moisture, -is best adapted to their growth. - -_Campánulas._ This genus affords many very ornamental plants for the -Flower-garden and Shrubbery, and they flower superbly during the summer, -agreeing better with our climate than with that of Europe. Several have -two successions of flowers, _C. persicifòlia álba plèna_; _C. -persicifòlia cærùlea plèno_; _C. urticifòlia_, white. Of this last there -is also a double variety. _C. speciòsa_; _C. glomerata_; _C. -versícolor_; with several others, are worthy of a situation in every -garden. Their roots are strong, fleshy, and fibrous. They are easy of -culture, and will retain their situation in the severest of our winters. -_C. grandiflòra_ is now _Wahlenbérgia grandiflòra_. It has fine blue -large flowers; the flower stems are slender, and should be supported as -soon as they grow. - -_Cheiránthus Chéiri vulgàris_ is the common garden Wall-flower. There -are about ten varieties of it, all admired for their various colours and -agreeable odour. The common variety survives the mildest of our winters. -The most esteemed variety is _Hæmánthus_, Double bloody. They should all -be protected by a frame. _C. mutábilis_ is a beautiful species; it has -many shades of colour from lilac to dark purple. The flowers are on -extending racemose spikes; blooming from April to June; it requires a -light rich soil; is a half shrubby evergreen plant. - -_Chelònes._ This genus belongs entirely to this continent, and possesses -many fine species. It is a matter of astonishment that they are not more -cultivated and sought for in our collections. _C. glábra_; _C. oblíqua_; -_C. barbàta_; _C. atropurpùrea_; _C. pulchélla_; _C. venústa_; and _C. -speciòsa_; are all handsome, and flower from May to September; corolla -large, ringent; ventricose flowers in spikes or panicles. - -_Chrysánthemums._ There are few of this genus of any consequence as -herbaceous plants, except the varieties of _C. sinénse_, of which there -are about fifty, all desirable; but in small gardens, where there is a -deficiency in room, the following are select in colour and quality: -_Tubulòsum álbum_, quilled white; _supérbum_, superb white; _díscolor_, -large lilac; _fúlvum_, Spanish brown; _atropurpùreum_, early crimson; -_involùtum_, curled lilac; _fasciculàtum_, superb cluster yellow; -_serotìnum_, late pale purple; _papyràceum_, paper white; _Waratáh_, -yellow Waratah; _versícolor_, two-coloured red; _stellàtum_, starry -purple; _verecúndum_, early blush; and _mutábile_, changeable pale buff. -To grow these in perfection, they require rich light soil; and about the -end of this month the roots should be lifted, divided, and planted into -fresh soil, either by giving them a new situation, or changing the earth -they were in. Two or three stems together are quite sufficient. The -flowers, by the above treatment, will be much larger, more double, and -finer in colour; where they are wanted to grow low and bushy, top them -in June, but not later than the first of July. Where the soil is rich, -and the plant having only one stem, by topping it, makes a beautiful -bush. They are in flower from the first of October until severe frost; -thus beautifying our gardens at a season when they would be destitute of -one single attraction. If the season is dry, to water them with liquid -manure will add to their vigour. They are all natives of China, and -greatly esteemed by the Chinese, who only allow a few blooms to come out -on the top of each stem, thereby having the flowers much finer. - -_Clématis_, Virgin's-bower. A few species are good herbaceous plants, of -upright growth, and blue flowers, _C. integrifòlia_; _C. angustifòlia_; -and _C. erécta_; they grow best in light soil. - -_Coreópsis_, chiefly native plants, and free-flowering; colour -principally yellow; flowers rayed. _C. tenuifòlia_, _C. verticilláta_, -_C. díscolor_, and _C. trípteris_, are the finest of the genus, and will -grow in any common garden soil. - -_Delphínums._ There are some showy border flowers of these, of strong -growth. The leaves are much divided; the flowers in terminale spikes; -colour blue, purple, red, white and yellow, with various shades. _D. -grandiflòrum_, with its varieties, are the best of the genus. _D. -intermèdium_, and its varieties, _D. elátum_, Bee Larkspur, from the -ringent part of the flower being very like a bee, and _D. montánum_, are -good varieties, and easily cultivated. When the plants become large, -they ought to be divided, and planted in fresh soil. They are in bloom -from May to September. - -_Diánthus._ Some of the species of this genus are the most prominent of -the Flower-garden, not only for their beauty, but also their fragrance, -which is peculiarly grateful, especially in the well known and -celebrated pink and carnation, with the Sweet-william, which was -esteemed, in the days of old, "for its beauty to deck up the bosoms of -the beautiful, and garlands and crowns for pleasure." The finest -species are _D. barbàtus_, and _D. barbàtus plèno_, Sweet-william; _D. -discolor_; _D. chinènsis_; _D. alpínus_, _D. supérbus_; _D. -caryophyllus_, from which have originated the Picotee and the Carnation; -_D. plumàrius_, from which originated the Double Pink; _D. fràgrans_ and -_D. supérbus_. Several of these, although they will stand the severest -cold, have to be protected in frames during winter, to have them in the -perfection of beauty. For the character of a Pink and Carnation, see -_May_. - -_Dictámnus._ Two species of this genus, _D. fraxinélla_ and _D. álbus_, -have been cultivated and esteemed upwards of two hundred and forty -years. A plant of the first of these species, when gently rubbed, emits -an odour like that of lemon-peel; and when bruised emits a balsamic -scent, which is strongest in the pedicles of the flowers. They have -glands of a rusty colour, that exude a viscid juice, or resin, which -exhales in vapour, and in a dark place may be seen to take fire. Its -flowers are red, those of the other white, in loose terminale spikes; -the flower has five petals, clawed and unequal, with glandular dots; in -bloom from May to July; delights in sandy loam. - -_Dodecàtheon._ This is a native genus, and commonly called American -cowslip. The generic term, a name of the Romans, signifying twelve gods -or divinities, is applied with great absurdity to a plant, a native of a -world the Romans never saw nor had any idea of, neither resembling, in -any particular, the poetical fancy of their writers. The most admired -species is _D. mèdia_; the flowers are in umbels, on a pedicle, from six -to twelve inches high; the corolla is rotata reflexa, colour light -purple, bottom of petals lake and yellow; blooming in May. The white -variety is very much esteemed, and surpasses the preceding. The ground -is pure white, the bottom of the petals the same as the other. There is -also a spotted variety found on the banks of the Missouri. They delight -in brown loam, a half shady situation, inclining to moisture. The -foliage soon decays after flowering. - -_Digitàlis_, Fox-glove, about forty species of annuals and herbaceous -plants. A few are cultivated in the flower borders, and are very showy. -These are D. _leucophæa_, D. _ferrugínea_, D. _ochroleùca_, large -yellow; and D. _purpuráscens_; and are good species. D. _purpúrea_ and -D. _álba_, are very conspicuous biennials; the flowers are solitary, and -in long spikes; the corolla of D. _purpúrea_ is campanulate, ventricose, -and ringent; the interior is spotted, and is considered the finest of -the genus. Delights in poor soil, with a little shade. - -_Eupatóriums._ These generally are native plants, not worthy of notice -here, except for two species. _E. c[oe]lestínum_ has syngenesious -flowers in flattened panicles, colour fine light blue, blooming from -September to November, desirable for its beauty at that season. _E. -aromàticum_ may be cultivated for its spicy odour; flowers white, in -loose terminale panicles; blooming from August to October. Either of -them will grow in common soil. - -_Gentiánas_, a genus of very showy plants, and flower in great -abundance. The flowers are tubular and inflated; colour generally blue. -A few species are yellow, and some white; flowers in whorls, terminale, -or solitary. They grow best in a light rich soil. _G. lútea_, _G. -purpúrea_, _G. septémfida_. _G. acaúlis_ is a pretty dwarf growing -species, and often used as edgings in flower compartments; the flower -dark and light blue; interior of the corolla spotted; has a succession -of flower from April to June. We have no doubt of it succeeding in our -gardens, but not being plentiful, it has not been perfectly tried. A few -years will exhibit it in abundance. _G. imbricàta_ and _G. conférta_. -They are all fine exotics, but many of them may give place to our native -species, such as _G. Catesbæí_; _G. ochroleúca_; _G. incarnàta_; with -several others, and _G. crinàta_, which is a biennial, and finely -fringed; colour light blue. - -_Gèum._ There are only two species that are worth cultivation, viz. _G. -quéllyon_, once _G. coccíneum_; and _G. hybridum_. _G. urbànum_ is -sometimes cultivated for its roots, which, when chewed, sweeten the -breath. They are all of easy culture. _G. quéllyon_ flowers from May to -October, and is a very desirable small plant for the borders, and much -esteemed in Europe. - -_Hemerocállis_, Day Lily; two species, _H. fúlva_ and _H. gramínea_, -flower well, and are remarkable among the border flowers for their large -yellow or copper coloured corollas, some of them about six inches -diameter; bloom from May to July, and will grow in almost any soil. -There is a plant known in our gardens as _H. cærùlea_, which is _Fúnkia -cærùlea_, and has a campanulate corolla, with a cylindrical tube; -flowers in spikes; leaves ovate, accuminate. - -_Hibíscus._ There are several herbaceous species very showy and -handsome, _H. palústris_; _H. ròseus_; _H. militàris_; _H. speciòsus_; -_H. grandiflòrus_; and _H. púngens_. They grow best in moist situations, -and where these are not to be had, give them plenty of water, and plant -in sandy soil enriched with decayed leaves. The flowers are about six -inches in diameter, flowering up the stem, either solitary or in small -bunches. _H. speciòsus_ is the most splendid, and deserves a situation -in every garden. The roots in winter ought to be covered by litter, tan, -or saw dust; but a better method is to lift them, and put them in the -cellar, covered with dry earth, and kept from the frost. All the above -mentioned species are improved by being protected during winter. - -_Iris_, Flower-de-luce, has many fine species of various shades and -colours, _I. subiflòra_, _I. nepalénsis_, _I. Pallàsii_, _I. pállida_, -_I. cristàta_, _I. arenària_, _I. furcàta_, _I. germánica_, _I. -florentìna_, _I. vérna_, and _I. susiàna_. The last is the finest of the -herbaceous species; the flowers are striped, blue, brown, and spotted; -but we are not certain if it will stand the severity of our winters. The -roots of _I. florentìna_ is the orrice root of the druggists. They are -all of easy culture in any loamy soil inclining to moisture. The bulbous -species will be treated of in _September_ or _October_. Corolla -six-petaled, three erect, and three reclined alternately; proceeding -from spathes or sheaths with flowers in succession. - -_Lìatris_ is a genus of native plants, containing several fine species, -_L. squarròsa_, large purple heads of beautiful flowers; _L. élegans_; -_L. paniculàta_. _L. macróstachya_, now _L. spicàta_, is a fine large -growing species. They have syngenesious purple flowers in long close -spikes, differing from other spiked flowering genera by blooming first -at the extremity. They grow best in strong heavy soil. - -_Lychnis._ Three species are very desirable in the flower borders. _L. -chalcedónica_ has bright scarlet crowned flowers; the double scarlet -variety is splendid. There is also a double white variety, _L. fúlgens_ -and _L. flós-jòvis_. They ought to be frequently lifted, and planted -afresh, or they will dwindle to nothing. The best time is when they -begin to grow. There is a plant known in our collections as _Lychnis -flós-cucùla_, which is now _Agrostéma flós-cucùla_; it is a fine and -showy border plant with double red flowers. They delight in a light -sandy rich soil. - -_Lythrums._ A few species flower well, and have small pink blossoms in -great profusion, _L. alàtum_, _L. virgàtum_, _L. diffùsum_, and _L. -lanceolàtum_. They will grow in any common garden soil if not too much -shaded; and flower from June to September. - -_Mimùlus_, Monkey-flower. A few species may be cultivated. They will -grow in any soil or situation. _M. lùteus_ and _M. rivulàris_ are the -best. _M. moschàtus_ has a very strong musk scent, to many agreeable. We -think it will prove hardy. The two former have large gaping flowers, of -a gold yellow, and beautifully spotted with purple in the interior. - -_Monárdas_, a fine native genus and showy. The foliage of several of the -species is aromatic, and resembles mint. _M. dídyma_ has long scarlet -ringent flowers, in headed whorls; _M. kalmiana_, flowers very long, -and a beautiful crimson, with fragrant leaves. _M. Russelliana_ has red -and white flowers; curious and handsome. _M. punctata_ has yellow and -red flowers; they grow in any common soil. - -_Mathíola_, is the generic of the Stock-gilly. None of them will survive -severe winters; yet many of them are indispensable in the Flower-garden. -_M. simplicicáulis_, Brompton-stock, and its varieties; with _M. -incàna_, Queen-stock, and its varieties, require the protection of a -good frame in winter, and about the end of this month, or beginning of -next, plant them in good light rich soil to flower, which they will do -all summer, if attended to with frequent supplies of water. _M. ánnua_ -has about sixteen varieties, valuable for flowering the first year from -seed, and are all annuals. They ought to be sown on a gentle hot-bed -about the first of this month, and carefully pricked out so as they may -be ready to transplant about the end of April or the first of May. Plant -them in light rich soil, and they will flower profusely through the -season; if it is very dry, they must be watered to keep them growing. -The scarlet, white, and purple varieties are the finest; but there are -many intermediate sorts all handsome. _M. glàbra_ is the Wall-flower -leaved stock, and requires the same treatment as the two former. There -are about eight varieties of this, all various in colour. In planting -any of these into the open ground, choose cloudy weather, except they -have been in pots; in such case, plant at any time in beds, keeping each -kind separate. - -_[OE]nothèras._ The most of them are indigenous, and in Europe they -afford a continual ornament to the Flower-garden from April to -November, but in our gardens they are entirely neglected. By rejecting -these and many others, our Flower-gardens are deprived both of much -beauty and interest they might easily possess. These plants delight in -light rich soil. _[OE]. odoràta_, sweet scented; _[OE]. macrocárpa_; -_[OE]. mèdia_; _[OE]. latiflòra_; _[OE]. Frazèri_; _[OE]. speciòsa_; and -_[OE]. pállida_; are all fine native herbaceous plants, mostly with -large yellow four-petaled corollas; in bloom from April to September. -There are several of them beautiful annual and biennial plants. For the -finest, see list. - -_Phlóx_, another American genus, and one of the most handsome in -cultivation. It consists of elegant border flowers, valuable for -flowering early, and more so for blossoming late in autumn. While the -majority of plants blooming late in the season are generally -syngenesious, with yellow flowers, these delight us with their lively -colours of purple, red, and white. A collection of them properly -attended to, would of themselves constitute a beautiful flower garden. -It will be difficult to state which are the finest, but the following -are select varieties: P. _paniculàta_; P. _acuminàta_; P. _intermèdia_; -P. _odoràta_; P. _pyramidàlis_; with _pyramidàlis álba_, which is -splendid; P. _suavèolens_; P. _refléxa_; P. _stolonífera_; P. _pilòsa_; -P. _divaricàta_; P. _nivàlis_; and P. _subulàta_. In the spring of 1831, -an eminent British collector[A] exclaimed, on seeing a patch of P. -_subulàta_ in one of the pine barrens of New Jersey, "The beauty of that -alone is worth coming to America to see, it is so splendid." Most of the -species delight in a rich light sandy loam. When the plants become -large, they ought to be divided, and planted in fresh ground. - -[A] Mr. Drummond. - -_Prímulas_, Primrose. To this genus belong the celebrated _Cowslip_, -_Oxlip_, _Primrose_, and the esteemed _Aurícula_. The double varieties -of Primrose have originated from _P. vulgàris_. These are such as carry -their flowers on separate pedicles, rising from the root on a small -stem. The double varieties are desirable for their beauty, but require -the protection of a frame during winter. They are in colour red, white, -yellow, lilac, purple, and crimson. P. _elàtior_ is the Oxlip, from -which all the _Polyánthuses_ have been grown. They are in variety -innumerable, and are those whose flowers are in umbels, on a scape or -flower-stalk, rising from three to nine inches. The rules for judging of -their merits are wholly artificial, agreed on from time to time by -Florists. The one that is the leading beauty this year would in a few -years be far in the rear. The principal character is that the corolla is -not notched or fringed; the colours pure and distinct, not running into -one another; the tube small; the eye round, and a little prominent. -Being surrounded with white, and the ground purple, is a fine character. -P. _aurícula_. From this the highly esteemed varieties have originated. -The cultivated _aurícula_ has many admirers, both for its exquisite -beauty and fragrance. For the criterion of a fine flower see _May_. -There are several other species worthy of a situation, such as P. -_cortusoídes_, P. _dentiflòra_, P. _suavèolens_, P. _decòra_, with P. -_scótica_ and P. _farinòsa_, both small neat species. A shady situation -agrees best with them; and they require loamy soil, free from any kind -of manure, except it be fully decomposed. The leaves of P. _vèris_ are -recommended for feeding silk worms. - -_Potentíllas._ We mention this genus here as affording several free -flowering dwarf plants; not as being certain that any of the most -desired species will withstand our winters, being natives of Nepaul; -but, from the character of the plant, we think that they are adapted to -bear severe cold. They are similar to the strawberry in habit and -appearance. P. _nepalénsis_, or _formòsa_, has rose-coloured flowers; P. -_atropurpùrea_; P. _Russelliàna_, scarlet; P. _Hopwoodiàna_, rose and -scarlet; and P. _spléndens_, yellow, with superb leaves. These are the -finest of the genus, and flower from May to September. It will be well -to protect them in a frame with the Carnations; they delight in light -soil. - -_Saponària officinàlis_, and _S. O. plèna_, are fine free-flowering -dwarf plants; the colour is pink in both double and single varieties. -The roots run under ground, and care should be taken to keep them within -bounds: they flower from June till October. _S. cæspitòsa_ is a neat -growing species of a rose colour. They will grow in any soil. - -_Silène._ Several of this genus are popular annuals, but the herbaceous -species are very indifferent. _S. viscósa_ and S. _viscósa flòre plèna_, -are frequently cultivated for their beauty; they will grow well if not -too much shaded. - -_Saxífraga_, above one hundred species. Many of them are beautiful -plants for rock-work. They are regardless of cold, but will not -generally withstand much moisture. A few of them are highly deserving a -situation in any garden. _S. hirsùtum_, and _S. crassifòlia_, are used -in some countries for tanning. _S. granulàta multipléx_ has fine -double-white flowers, and is desirable. _S. umbròsa_, London-pride, -makes a beautiful edging for a flower border; the flowers are small, but -on close examination its colours are unrivalled. It is vulgarly called, -"none so pretty." _S. sarmentòsa_ is kept in the Green-house, but is -perfectly hardy, and makes a fine plant in a shaded situation. We have -no doubt but it would make a good fancy edging. _S. pulchélla_, straw -coloured, and _S. pyramidàlis_; these are all easily cultivated; and -flower in spikes from May to July. - -_Spiræas._ A few species are showy plants, and continue flowering from -May to September. _S. ulmària múltiplex_, Meadow-sweet, has sweet -scented white flowers, in long dense spikes. _S. Filipéndula múltiplex_, -Drop-wort, double white. _S. lobàta_ is a native, and has fine rose -coloured flowers, in June and July; these are the finest of the -herbaceous species, and will grow in any common garden soil. - -_Státice_, Thrift. A genus containing many fine herbaceous plants, only -a few of them are common in collections. The finest of them are scarce, -and said to be "bad to cultivate." _S. vulgàris_, once _Armèria -vulgàris_, is the most valuable plant for an edging, next to box, that -the Flower-garden is possessed of, and does extremely well in our -climate, flowering in great profusion from May to July. When done -flowering, the stems should be cut off. The foliage is an agreeable -evergreen; the plant increases rapidly, and in a few years may be -planted to a great extent. _S. speciòsa_ has red flowers, crowded in -spreading panicles. _S. tatàrica_ has also very showy flowers, and is -now given to the genus _Taxànthema_. _S. latifòlia_ and _S. maritìma_ -are the finest. _T. latifòlia_ and _T. conspícua_ deserve attention. -They should be lifted every alternate year, and sunk deeper into the -soil, because they incline to grow out, and are sometimes during summer -killed by the drought. Hence they are said to be "bad to cultivate." - -_Tróllius europæus_, and _T. asiàticus_, are fine border plants, with -large yellow semi-double flowers; the petals are much cupped, which -causes the flowers to have a globular appearance. They are easily grown -in any loamy soil, and flower from May to July. Few flowers have the -curious globular character which these have. - -_Verónica_, Speed-well. This genus consists of about one hundred and -twenty species of herbaceous plants, besides several varieties. The -flowers are in long close spikes, either white, flesh coloured, or blue; -they are generally of the latter colour. Above sixty species are equally -fine, and being generally of the same character, the Catalogue at the -end of this work will contain the best selection that we can make. Very -few of them are in the collections of the country, although they are -very showy, and flower from June to August. They will grow in any soil, -but will not flourish where they are much shaded. _V. officinàlis_ has -been used in Germany and Sweden as a substitute for tea. Some prefer _V. -chamædrys_ for the same purpose. - -_Valerìanas._ Several species are showy border plants, with small -flowers in large close flattened panicles. _V. dioíca_ is remarkable for -having the stamens and pistils in separate flowers, situated on -different plants; the flowers are of a blush colour, and the roots when -planted must be protected from the cats, for they are delighted with -them, and scrape them up. _V. phù_, a large growing species with white -flowers; and _V. rùbra_, with its varieties, are the finest of the -genus. They are now given to _Centrànthus_. They are all of easy culture -in common garden earth, but preferring moist shady situations. In flower -from May to September. - -_Vìola_, a genus consisting of upwards of eighty species, of low pretty -plants, of great diversity of colour and foliage. Many of them are -natives, and well worth a situation in our gardens. They mostly delight -in sandy loam, and a little shade. A few of the species grow in moist -situations. The most esteemed varieties for fragrance are, _V. odoràta -purpúrea plèna_, double purple, with _V. odoràta àlba plèna_, double -white. They flower very early, and make good edgings where they are kept -in order; flowering profusely from April to June, and flowering again in -autumn. - -_Yúcca_, Adam's-needle. This is a very showy and ornamental genus; their -character forming a picturesque contrast in the Flower-garden; foliage -long, narrow, lanceolate, and stiff; with white companulate flowers, -about two inches in diameter, in conical spikes from two to four feet -long, arising from the centre of the plant, containing frequently from -two to four hundred florets. They are principally native plants. _Y. -strícta_ is the freest flowerer. _Y. supérba_; _Y. aloifòlia_; _Y._ -_angustifòlia_, _Y. acuminàta_, _Y. serrulàta_, and _Y. filamentòsa_, -are all fine species, and will grow in any common soil. When in flower, -if protected from the sun by an awning, they will be of considerable -duration. There are variegated varieties of _Strícta_, _Aloifòlia_, and -_Serrulàta_, which look very handsome in foliage, but are at present -very rare, and it will be a number of years before they are plentiful. -There ought at least to be one specimen of some of the free-flowering -species in every garden. - -Having given the names and characters of a few herbaceous plants, all or -most of them easily obtained, many of them extremely handsome, and such -as agree best with transplanting at this season of the year; for several -others, such as _Pæònias_, or any other strong fibrous or bulbous -sorts, see _September_ and _October_. Where they are in pots, they can -be planted at any time, the weather permitting, provided the ball of -earth is not broken. But where they are only to be removed, the best -time is just as vegetation commences. That herbaceous plants may look to -the best advantage, and flower well, they must not be allowed to get -into large stools; but as soon as they are above one foot in diameter, -they should be divided. - -Very frequently those who perform this operation, take the spade, and -cut a piece off all round, which to a degree improves the look of the -plant; but this is only half justice. It should be lifted entirely, -fresh soil given, or removed a few feet, and planted a little deeper -than it was before, as the plant tends apparently to grow out of the -soil when allowed to stand long. If the weather becomes dry shortly -after transplanting, give them a few waterings, until they have taken -fresh roots, which will be within two weeks. Colour should be -diversified through the garden as much as practicable, and the highest -growing sorts planted farthest from the walk, so as all may appear in -view. At all times avoid crowding the plants together. - - -BULBOUS ROOTS. - -About the middle of this month, let the covering of tan, saw-dust, or -decayed leaves, be cleared from the beds of such as were directed to be -covered in November; afterwards carefully stirring the surface among -them with a kind of wooden spatula, or wedge, breaking the surface fine; -then dress all the alleys smooth and neat with the hoe and rake, -clearing away every particle of litter. When the leaves of Tulips are -expanding, they frequently become entangled so much, that the force of -growth breaks the foliage: if there are any appearance of this at any -time, they should be set right with the hand. In early seasons these -roots will be far advanced, and perhaps one night of frost unexpectedly -might materially injure them. When there is any suspicion of cold -weather, hoops should be spanned across the beds, so that the necessary -mats or canvass could in a few minutes be placed over them, to ward off -danger. Protect the finest sorts from heavy drenching rains, and give -them small neat rods for support, as they grow up. If the rods and -tyings are painted green, the effect will be improved. These directions -equally apply to _Narcissus_, _Jonquils_, _Iris_, and all Holland bulbs. - - -CARNATIONS, PINKS, PRIMROSES, &c. - -Which have been protected by frames through the winter, must have at all -favourable opportunities plenty of air admitted to them by lifting the -sashes, and in fine mild days and nights, the sashes may be taken -entirely off. Divest them of all decayed leaves, and stir up the earth -on the surface of the pots; those that are intended to be planted in the -garden may be set to one side, while those that are to be kept in pots -must be more strictly attended to. Of these the Pinks and Carnations -should be repotted about the first of the month. Those that have been -kept in four inch pots, should be put into pots of seven inches, and -those that are in five inch pots may be put into eight inch. Give a -gentle watering after repotting. Pinks do not require the pots so large, -but the same treatment in every other respect. Where the extremity of -the leaves are decayed, cut them off, with any other decayed leaves: the -pots must be well drained with shivers or fine gravel. Give them plenty -of air, otherwise they will be weak in growth. - -_Primroses_ require only a little fresh earth on the top of the pots. -_Daisies_ may be planted out in shady situations; the sun destroys them -during summer if exposed. - - -AURICULAS. - -These beautiful and highly interesting plants are, to a great degree, -neglected in our collections. It cannot be from want of beauty or -fragrance that they have not attracted our attention, for they are -exquisite in both. We are rather inclined to think that those who have -them do not give them the treatment they require yearly to perfect their -bloom. They should now have the surface earth taken off about half an -inch down, and fresh soil added, which will cause them to put out fresh -fibres about the upper part of the roots, and greatly increase their -growth. The frame in which they are placed should now face the east, as -the sun will be too strong for them; and about the end of the month turn -it to the north. The glass of the frame may be white-washed, which will -partially shade them from the sun, that being their delight. Give them -water sparingly until they begin to grow, and never water them over the -foliage previous to flowering, as water injures that fine mealy-like -substance found on many of the sorts, and which so greatly improves -their beauty. Defend them, therefore, from rain and high winds. To have -them flower strongly, only one flower stem should be allowed to grow. -The first one that shows is generally the best. At all events leave the -strongest, and cut off all the others, or only nip off the flower pips, -which answers the same end. Never keep the sash off during night, lest -it should rain before morning. - - -RANUNCULUS AND ANEMONE. - -The frames must have plenty of air, and give frequent sprinklings of -water. The sashes or boards should be taken entirely off every mild day, -and in fine nights leave them exposed to the dew; stir up the earth -amongst them, breaking it fine, making all neat. They require liberal -supplies of water after they begin to grow. - - -ROSES. - -This is the most favourable month for planting all kinds of garden -roses, which must be done as soon as the weather opens, and the ground -in a proper state. The earlier in the month they flower the more perfect -they will be. Never delay planting when there is an opportunity; for if -delayed until the leaves are expanding, the bloom will be much weakened, -and the probability is there will be no flowers, and the plants meet -with a premature death. It has been said, "there is a particular -advantage in planting some every ten days, even to the middle of May; -for the flowering of them may be retarded in this way, and the bloom of -these delightful shrubs continue for a much longer period." One moment's -reflection will convince us, that nature, while in her own element, will -not be retarded, suppose there was no danger of instantaneous death to -the plants. The artificial means that might be judiciously adopted, with -which we are acquainted, to keep back the blooming of hardy plants, is -to lift them as soon in spring as is practicable, put them in boxes of -earth, and then place them in the driest part of an icehouse until the -desired time of planting, which may be delayed as long as the required -time of flowering. This will be found a true method of retarding the -flowering of roses especially, and not going counter to the rules and -principles of nature. There are many beautiful varieties of the garden -rose in cultivation, the names of the finest of which we will give in -the Catalogue, but perhaps it may be proper to mention here a few of the -most particular sorts. The finest unquestionably when in bloom, is the -_Moss_ and its varieties, but the flowering is of so limited duration, -that it is in a great degree surpassed by others. There is said to be a -striped variety of the _Moss Rose_, but we do not credit it. The _Blush -Moss_, _Clinton White Moss_, and _Mottled Moss_, at present certainly -are the most superb of that kind. _Lee's Crimson Perpetual_ is a -magnificent rose, and flowers in profusion from June to October. This is -considered, and justly too, the finest of all the garden roses; its -fragrance is exquisite, and the plant highly valued. There is a striped -_Unique Rose_, and a _Rosa tricolor_, which are much thought of. We have -mentioned these as the finest we have seen, but amongst two thousand -cultivated varieties of the garden rose, there must be many of equal -beauty. Of _Rósa spinosíssima_ there are above three hundred varieties; -_R. gàllica_; two hundred; _R. centifòlia_, one hundred and fifty; _R. -damascène_, above one hundred; _R. álba_, fifty; _R. rubiginósa_, -thirty; and of various sorts above eleven hundred. In several individual -collections of Europe, there are cultivated above fifteen hundred -species, sub-species, and varieties. - -When planted, they are too frequently crowded indiscriminately amongst -other shrubs, which prevents them having the effect they would have if -planted singly or grouped. They vary in size in different sorts from one -to ten feet. When planted in the latter method, they should be -assimilated in size of leaves and manner of growth, with the greatest -variation of flower; or if planted in many small patches, giving each a -distinct colour, which has a picturesque effect. An other desirable and -fanciful method, is to plant them in figures, giving them edgings of -wire, willow, or any other substitute, in imitation of basket work, -which is called "baskets of roses;" the ground enclosed in the basket -margin to be made convex, which will present a greater surface to the -eye; the strong shoots to be layered, or kept down by pegs into the -ground, having the points of the shoots only to appear above the soil, -which should be covered with moss. With this treatment, in a few years -the whole surface of the basket will be covered with rose buds and -leaves, of one or various sorts. If two or three of the larger growing -sorts are taken, such as _Moss_ or _Provins_, they may be trained so as -to cover a surface of several square yards. One of these covered with -_Lee's Crimson Perpetual Rose_, would be one of the greatest ornaments -of the Flower-garden. - -A modern invention in the cultivation of the rose is, to grow them in -shape of trees, by budding on strong growing kinds at different heights -from the ground, according to taste, and the purposes intended. They -will form in a few years handsome round heads, which will flower more -freely than by layers, or trained on their own stalk. They are -particularly desirable amongst low shrubs. When planted, they should be -well supported by strong rods, to prevent the wind from destroying them. -If any of the roots have been bruised in lifting, cut off the bruised -part with the knife, and likewise shorten the young shoots; breaking the -earth well about their roots when planting. This has been an esteemed -shrub among all civilized nations. The flowers are double, semi-double, -and single; the colours are pink, red, purple, white, yellow, and -striped, with almost every shade and mixture; the odour universally -grateful. This plant is cultivated in every garden, from the humblest -cottager to the loftiest prince, and by commercial gardeners in Europe -extensively, for distilling rose water, and making the essential oil of -roses. They delight in a rich loamy soil, and require plenty of moisture -while in a growing state. Those sorts which throw up numerous suckers -should be lifted every three or four years, reduced, and then -transplanted. When thus removing them, avoid as much as possible -exposing their roots; and when newly planted, mulching is of -considerable advantage; that is, putting half rotten stable-manure on -the surface of the ground round their roots, which prevents evaporation, -and keeps up a constant moisture. If this was done in general to our -roses in dry seasons, it would greatly improve their flowering. For -China roses see next month. - - -CLIMBING ROSES. - -This is the best time to prune ever-blooming climbing roses, such as -_Champney_, _Scarlet Cluster_, _Duchesse de Dino_, _Notsette_, -_Burgenville_, &c. Many of these, when allowed to grow year after year -without pruning, become unsightly; they never bear flowers on the old -wood, that is, wood of three or four years. Having a tendency to throw -out young shoots from the bottom of the stem, the old wood should be cut -out, thus encouraging the young wood, which the second year bears the -most and finest flowers. In severe winters, the extremities of the -shoots are frequently killed, and we have often seen all the wood black -or brown, and apparently dead. When that is the case it is best to leave -it until they begin to grow, which will show what is dead or alive, when -they can be pruned to better advantage. - - -DECIDUOUS ORNAMENTAL FLOWERING SHRUBS. - -The earlier the planting of these shrubs is attended to in this month, -the more will their growth and flowering be promoted, having all -finished before the buds begin to expand. (For kinds recommended see -List, end of the volume.) They should never be planted too thick, but -leave space for them to grow as they respectively require, and according -as they are designed for open or close shrubberies, clumps, or thickets. -Have all in readiness, that it may be done with as much expedition as -possible, to prevent their roots from being dried by the sun and wind -in time of planting. Make the holes intended for their reception round, -capacious, and deep enough to hold their roots, without confining them -in the least, and loosen the bottom well, putting new and fresh soil -under their roots, breaking and pulverizing it during the operation, and -frequently shaking the plant as you progress in filling up. When done, -make all firm with the foot, leaving a circular cavity to hold the water -they will require during dry weather. Give rods, and tie with bands all -that need that support before they are left, lest they should be -neglected. Cut off any of the bruised roots or irregular growths of the -branches. - - -GRASS PLATS AND WALKS. - -Rake and sweep off from these all litter and worm cast earth, and give -an occasional rolling to settle the ground, and render the surface -smooth, where the scythe is to be used. The grass will likewise grow -better by rolling it where the frost has partially thrown it out, and -add greatly to the beauty of the whole. Cut the edgings with an edging -iron or spade, so that the whole will have a finished appearance. If any -new turf is required to be laid down, this is a very good time to do it, -before vegetation is strong; as the turf that is now laid will have -taken root before the dry season commences. Where a great extent is to -be done, sowing might be adopted; but it will not have the effect of -turf under three years, and during that time must be carefully cut, -after the first season, every three weeks, while growing, nor must it -be walked upon. White clover and true perennial rye-grass are the seeds -most proper for sowing. The ground must in the first place be all -equally made up, and levelled with the spade and rake; not "cart loads -of soil laid down and leveled," which would finally become very uneven, -and would need to be lifted and relaid next year. The best turf is that -of a close growing pasture or common, free from all kinds of weeds or -strong roots, and the grass short. To cut it expeditiously, be provided -with a turfing-iron; but if that cannot be conveniently had, a spade may -do very well. Strain a line tight, cutting the turf lengthways, at equal -distances, from twelve to eighteen inches. Next draw the line across, -cutting from one and a half to two feet; then cut them up with the -spade, about one and a half inch thick. In laying, join them close and -alternately; when done, beat them firm with a level wooden beater, and -roll with a heavy roller. - -Grass walks, in the last century, were very popular; but time having put -them to the test, they are found unfit for walking upon or using in any -manner, almost for one half of the year; therefore not answering the -purposes intended. They require great attention to keep them in order; -and if not always neat and clean, they are a disagreeable object in a -garden; but when they are well dressed, their effect is very enlivening. -Where they are desired, prepare the ground as above directed; making the -walk a little higher than the adjoining borders, to prevent the earth -from being washed on it by the rain. Allowing the walks to be six feet -wide, make the centre five inches higher than the sides, or about -seven-eighths of an inch to the foot whatever the breadth may be, which -will form a gentle declivity to throw off the rain. When laid, beat and -roll it well; cutting the edge neat and even. Water frequently if the -weather sets in dry. To keep grass walks or plats in order, they should -be mown once every three or four weeks from May to September, and the -grass each time swept clean off. When the grass is allowed to get long -before being cut, the roots become tender; and die when exposed to the -sun; at last the grass is all in spots, and in another year requires to -be relaid. - - -GRAVEL WALKS. - -A practice once existed of turning these into heaps or ridges during -winter to destroy weeds, &c. But this has almost been given up as -unnecessary, unsightly, inconvenient, and not doing any material -service. - -Where the surface of these has become foul, irregular, or mossy, they -had better be turned over four or five inches deep where the gravel will -admit of it; but if not, hoe and rake them perfectly clean, give a new -coat of gravel, and pick up any stones that you think too large; then -give them a good rolling, applying it frequently after showers of rain. -When they are well attended to just now, they will look well all the -season; but if neglected, they take more labour, and are never in such -good condition. - -Fancy edgings of _Thyme_, _Thrift_, _Gentiana_, _Lavender_, and -_Violets_--(_Daisies_ may be used if the situation is shaded.) The -whole of these may be planted by the line with the dibber except -_Thyme_, which lay as directed for _Box_. See this month, under that -head. Any time in this or beginning of next month will answer to make -edgings of these; and if dry weather occurs before they begin to grow -after planting, they must have frequent waterings until they have taken -fresh root. Thyme requires to be dressed twice during the season to keep -it in order. - - -OF GRAFTING. - -There are four methods of grafting. The one we will describe is _whip_ -or _tongue grafting_, which is the preferable and most expeditious plan -with all deciduous shrubs or trees. The stock upon which it is performed -must be slender, from two-thirds of an inch to any diameter suitable to -the thickness of the graft. Having headed the stock at a clear smooth -part, slope it on one side with a sharp knife at a very acute angle, -make a slit on the lower side of the slope about an inch downwards, to -receive the tongue or wedge of the graft or scion. Secondly, having the -prepared scions cut into lengths of 3, 4, or 5 eyes, take one which -matches the stock in size, and slope the bottom of it so as to fit the -stock, that the rinds of both may correspond exactly, especially on one -side and at bottom; make also a slit upward in the graft, like that in -the slope of the stock, so as the one may be inserted in the other as -evenly and completely as possible. Let the graft be carefully held in -its due position, while a bandage is applied. Take strands of Russian -mat, and bind them in a neat manner several times round the stock and -graft. Lastly, cover the joint with well worked clay, coat from half an -inch below the bottom of the graft to an inch above the top of the -stock, and to the thickness of half an inch all round, finish it in an -oblong globular form, taking care to work it close, that no air may -penetrate. If the clay is covered with moss, it will partially prevent -it from cracking. - -The grafts will have taken when they begin to grow freely; then the clay -may be taken off, and the bandage loosened, and put on again, but not so -tight; give the grafts a stake for support, tying them thereto to -prevent accidents from the wind. Allow no shoots to arise from the -stock. - -Any of the rare deciduous trees may, by the above method, be grafted on -one of its own family, that is more common, and in that respect is the -finest species of propagation that is resorted to. - - - - -=Rooms.= - -_MARCH._ - - -If the plants in these situations have been properly attended to by -admitting air at all favourable times, and when the apartment was below -36° a little fire heat applied to counteract the cold, keeping the heat -above that degree; your attention will be rewarded by the healthy -appearance of your plants. The weather by this time has generally become -milder, so that air may be more freely admitted, especially from ten to -three o'clock. Where the leaves are grown to one side, turn the plant -with the dark side to the light. They will require a more liberal supply -of water, but always avoid keeping them wet. Pick off all decayed -leaves, and tie up any straggling shoots; stir up the earth on the top -of the pots, breaking it fine where it is hardened by the frequent -waterings. This will allow the fresh air to act upon the roots, which is -one of the principal assistants in vegetation. For those that require -shifting or repotting, see _Green-house_, _March_; the plants enumerated -there equally apply here, if they are in the collection, with this -difference, that well kept rooms are about two weeks earlier than the -Green-house. After the end of this month, where there is a convenience, -plants will do better in windows that look to the east, in which the -direct rays of a hot sun are prevented from falling upon them, and the -morning sun is more congenial for plants in this country than the -afternoon sun. Where there is any dust on the leaves of any of them, -take a sponge and water, and make the whole clean, likewise divest them -of all insects. The green-fly is perhaps on the roses; if there are no -conveniences for fumigating, wash them off as previously directed. Where -there are only a few plants, these pests could be very easily kept off -by examining the plants every day. For the scaly insect, see _January_. -If they have not been cleared off, get it done directly; for by the heat -of the weather they will increase tenfold. - - -FLOWERING PLANTS. - -_Hyacinths_, _Tulips_, _Narcissus_, _Jonquils_, and _Crocus_, will be -generally in flower. The former requires plenty of water, and the -saucers under the pots should be constantly full until they are done -blooming. The others need only be liberally supplied at the surface of -the pot. Give them neat green-painted rods to support their flower -stems, and keep them all near the light. The spring flowering _Oxalis_ -will not open except it is exposed to the full rays of the sun. The -_Lachenàlia_ is greatly improved in colour with exposure to the sun, -though when in flower its beauties are preserved by keeping it a little -in the shade. - -_Prímulas_, or Primrose, both Chinese and European, delight in an airy -exposure; but the sun destroys the beauty of their flowers by making the -colours fade. - -_Caméllias._ Many of them will be in perfection. See Green-house this -month for a description of the finest varieties. Do not let the sun -shine upon the blooms. Those that are done flowering, will, in small -pots, require to be repotted. The _Cálla_ or Æthopian water-lily, when -in flower, ought to stand in saucers with water. - -The Hyacinths that are in glasses must be regularly supplied with water. -The roots will be very much reduced by this method; therefore, when the -bloom is over, if possible plant them in the garden, or bury them in -pots of earth, to ripen and strengthen the bulbs. They will take two -years with good encouragement, before they can satisfactorily be again -flowered in glasses, and properly they ought not be allowed to bloom -next year. Those that are done flowering in pots, can be set aside, and -the usual waterings gradually withdrawn. Treat all other Dutch bulbs in -a similar manner. - - - - -=Hot-House.= - -_APRIL._ - - -Where the Hot-house has been properly conducted, the plants generally -will have a vigorous and healthful aspect. An error frequently arises in -the conducting of these departments, by inexperienced operators being -ambitious of outstripping their competitors. They keep the house in a -very high temperature, and admit little or no air. Where such mode has -been pursued, the plants will have got over their first growth, and the -foliage look yellow and decaying, thus throwing the plants into a state -of inactivity, when nature herself commences her most active movements. -The temperature should not be under 60° nor much above 75°, without -admitting a little air by the top lights. It will not do yet to give air -by the front sashes, the wind being cool, and a current in the house -would be hurtful. The sun is not so powerful but the heat can be kept -down by the air given from above. In very cold cutting winds, though the -effects of sun heat be great, admitting of much air may be injurious. -Whatever error may arise, let it be on the side of caution. However, -when high winds prevail, there is little danger of the house becoming -overheated by the effect of the sun. Hot-house or tropical plants will -not be hurt with 110°, if they are not touching the glass. And if the -plants are near the glass generally, the glass should have a coat of -very thin white-wash (not lime), where the glass is thin and light in -colour; but if it is thick and green, there need be no white-washing. - -The plants will need a liberal supply of water every day. We have so -constantly cautioned the operator on administering this element, that a -repetition here is unnecessary. Sprinkle them well with the syringe or -engine in the evenings about sundown, four or five times a week, and -strictly observe that none of them are omitted; for where there are -such, it is probable they are attacked by the red spider. If any of -these are detected, syringe them powerfully morning and evening. Water -is most effectual in their destruction, and most congenial to the -plants. Give regular fumigations to destroy the green-fly. Wherever -there is dust or foulness contracted on the foliage, wash all clean with -sponge and water; for on these insects are harboured in such quantities -that they, in a short time, would overrun all the plants in the house. -Keeping the house constantly clean, the plants clear of decayed leaves -and every thing of a corroding nature, and duly syringing them, is the -surest method of not being much troubled with insects. - -For repotting plants, see next month; except those that you are -fostering to a great extent, such as _Alstr[oe]merias_, _Calceolàrias_, -or any herbaceous plants that require great encouragement to make them -flower well. These should always be repotted, as soon as the roots come -to be round the outside of the ball. - - - - -=Green-House.= - -_APRIL._ - - -Regarding the shifting or repotting of plants, the directions given last -month may be followed. If the plants are not shifted that require it, -get them done as soon as possible, for they will soon get into a -luxuriant state of growth, and then it would not be advisable to shift -them. Those that were repotted last month will have taken fresh root in -the new soil, and the advantage will soon be perceptible. In order to -strengthen the plants, and keep them from becoming drawn and spindly, -admit large portions of air every mild day. Indeed there will be very -few days in this month, that a little air may not be given, always -observing to divide the quantity regularly over the house, in cool -nights closing in time. About the end of the month an abundance of air -is indispensable, leaving the sashes and doors open every mild night, -that the plants may be inured to the open exposure they will have in a -few weeks. - - -WATERING. - -As the season advances and vegetation increases, the waterings will -require to be more copious and more frequent. Look over all plants -minutely every day, and with judicious care supply their wants. Those -that are of a soft shrubby nature, and in a free-growing state, will -require a larger portion at one time than those of a hard texture, which -may only want it every two or three days. The weather and situation in -some instances may require a modification of these directions. Plants in -general will not suffer so soon from being a little dry as from being -over-watered. The health and beauty of the foliage of the plants may be -much improved by syringing them freely three evenings in the week, -except in moist weather, when it ought not to be done. The ravages of -many insects also will be retarded, especially mildew and red spider, -which will be entirely destroyed. If the red spider is on any of the -plants, particularly take them aside evening and morning, and give them -a good dashing with water through the syringe. Where there is mildew, -after syringing the plant, dust it on the affected parts with flowers of -sulphur, and set them for a few days where they will be sheltered from -the wind, after which wash off the sulphur. If the cure is not complete, -renew the dose. Always sweep out and dry up the water in the house when -any is spilt. The succulent plants will be in want of a little water -about once a week, but do not overwater them, as there is not heat -enough to absorb much moisture. If the soil is damp, it is quite -sufficient. - - -ORANGES, LEMONS, &c. - -Will in many instances about the end of this month be showing flowers or -flower buds. They must under these circumstances have plenty of air to -prevent them from falling off when entirely exposed. The reason that we -see so much fine blossom falling to the ground where the trees are -brought out of the house in May, is from the confinement they have had. -Where there is a convenience of giving air from the back of the -Green-house, it should always be given in mild days, especially in those -houses that have a recess back from the top of the sashes, for even if -the sashes are let down every day, still the house will not be properly -ventilated. Any plants that are sickly and intended to be planted in the -garden next month to renovate their growth, may be cut back, (if not -already done,) as far as is required to give the tree a handsome form, -taking care not to cut below the graft or inoculation. Let the operation -be done with a fine saw and sharp knife, smoothing the amputations that -are made by the saw; and if they are large, put a little well made clay -over the wound, to prevent the air from mortifying the shoot. Turpentine -is preferable to clay, not being subject to crack or fall off by the -weather. - -If there are any _Lagerstr[oe]mias_, _Pomegranate_, or _Hydràngeas_ in -the cellar, they should be brought out about the first of the month, and -planted in their respective situations. Give the _Hydràngea_ a very -shady spot. It does not require one ray of the sun, providing it has -plenty of air, and do not plant it into soil that has been lately -manured. A large plant must have great supplies of water in dry weather. -If the plant is very thick, the oldest branches may be thinned out, but -do not cut out any of the young shoots, as they contain the embryo of -the flower. _Lagerstr[oe]mias_ will flower abundantly without pruning, -but to have fine large spikes of flowers, cut in the wood of last year -to about three eyes from the wood of the preceding year; by this they -will be much finer. _Pomegranates_ will only require a little of the -superfluous wood cut out. Perhaps some of them may be desired to flower -in pots or tubs during summer: the balls will admit of being much -reduced, and by this a pot or tub very little larger will do for them. -Do not give much water until they begin to grow. - - -MYRTLES AND OLEANDERS. - -If any of these have grown irregularly, and are not headed down or -otherwise pruned, as directed last month, they should now be done. -Oleanders are very subject to the white scaly insect, and before the -heat of summer begins, they should be completely cleansed. This insect -is likewise found on _Myrtles_, which are worse to clean, and ought to -be minutely examined twice every year. We have observed mildew on these -shrubs, which makes the foliage brown and unsightly. If it is detected -in time, syringing is an effectual remedy. - - -GERANIUMS. - -Some of the earliest blooming kinds of these will now begin to flower, -and the sun will greatly deteriorate their rich colours where they are -near the glass with a south aspect. The glass should be white-washed, -which will cast a thin shade over them, and prolong the duration of the -bloom, but if they are above five feet from the glass, white-washing is -not requisite. The strong kinds will be growing very luxuriantly, and -require liberal supplies of water. When syringing, do not sprinkle the -flowers, as it would make the colours intermingle with each other, and -cause them to decay prematurely. If they have been properly attended to -in that respect, it may be dispensed with after they have generally come -in flower, which will not be until about the first of May. - - -HERBACEOUS PLANTS AND BULBOUS ROOTS. - -If any of the herbaceous plants were neglected to be divided last month, -do not omit it now. They will not flower so well if potted entire, and -their growth by this time will be much hurt, if not carefully shaded -from the sun. After dividing, sprinkle gently with water three times a -day, until they have taken fresh root, when they can be put amongst the -other plants. - -_Cape Bulbs._ Those that flowered late in autumn, as soon as the foliage -begins to decay, may be set aside, and the water withheld by degrees. -When the foliage is entirely gone, and the roots dry, clear them from -the earth, and after laying exposed in the shade for a few days to dry, -pack them up in dry moss, with their respective names attached, until -August, when they may be again potted. Treat those that are in flower -the same as directed in last month. - -_Dutch Roots._ All the species and varieties of these that have been -kept in the Green-house during winter, will now be done flowering; the -water should be withdrawn gradually from them; and then the pots turned -on their sides to ripen the bulbs. Or, a superior method is, where there -is the convenience of a garden, to select a bed not much exposed. Turn -the balls out of the pots and plant them; the roots will ripen better -this way than any other. Have them correctly marked, that no error may -take place. They can be lifted with the other garden bulbs. - - -FLOWERING PLANTS. - -The best situation for most plants while in flower, is where they are -shaded from the sun, and fully exposed to the air. _Primroses_, both -European and Chinese, flower best, and the colours are finest when the -plants are in the front of the house, and entirely shaded from the sun. -The Chinese _Azàleas_ and _Rhododéndrons_ require, while in flower, a -similar situation. Have all the shoots tied naturally to neat rods, and -keep them clear from others by elevating them on empty pots, or any -other substitute. See that there are no insect upon them; for they make -a miserable contrast with flowers. The _Cálla æthiopica_ should stand in -water when in flower, and even before flowering they will be much -strengthened by it. - - -INSECTS. - -Insects will on some plants be very perplexing. The weather may admit of -those that are infected to be taken out of doors, and put into a frame -in any way that is most convenient. Fumigating them about half an hour, -if the day is calm, will be sufficient; but if windy, they will take an -hour. When done, syringe them well, and put them in their respective -situations. By the above method, the house will not be made disagreeable -with the fumes of tobacco. - -Tie up neatly all the climbing plants. Keep those that are running up -the rafters of the house close to the longitudinal wires. As previously -observed, running plants should not be taken across the house, except in -some instances where it can be done over the pathway, otherwise it -shades the house too much. Clear off all decayed leaves, and all -contracted foulness, that the house and plants may in this month have an -enlivening aspect, as it is undoubtedly one of the most interesting -seasons of the year in the Green-house. - - -FLOWERING STOCKS. - -Those that have been kept in the Green-house, or in frames, should be -planted into beds or the borders, where they will seed better than if -kept in the pots. The method generally adopted is to select the plants -that are intended for seed; plant the different kinds distinctly and -separately; then take a few double flowering plants of each kind, which -plant round their respective single varieties that are to be kept for -seed. Whenever any of the colours sport, that is, become spotted or -striped with other colours, pull these up, and destroy them, for they -will soon degenerate the whole, and ought never to be seen in -collections that have any pretensions to purity. Many have been the -plans recommended as the best for saving, and growing from seed the -double varieties of German stock. In every method we have tried we have -been successful and unsuccessful; although we generally practise -planting the double kinds beside the single, where they are intended for -seed. We have no scientific reason for it; not seeing what influence -these monsters of flowers can have over a flower where the male and -female organs are perfect; which in these are wanting. Some say that the -semi-double sorts are best: we have likewise found them both abortive -and fruitful in the desired results. - - - - -=Flower Garden.= - -_APRIL._ - - -The ambition of every attentive gardener, during this month, is to be at -the head of every department, and over every spot. The operator's -activity in this month regulates the whole season. Every weed ought to -be cut down as soon as it appears, and the proverbial saying will be -realized, "a garden that is well kept is easily kept." A wet day need -cause no loss of time. Prepare rods, bands, and tallies, to be in -readiness when required. Damp weather should always be taken to prick -out or transplant annuals, or stocks, but by no means go on the borders -while they are wet. If it cannot be done by keeping on the walks, defer -it until they are in a proper state. One day of laborious attention just -now will save two in the heat of summer. Many in the height of bustle -never finish properly as they proceed, which is the worst of practices. -Every operation ought to be completely and properly finished before -another is taken in hand, which will ultimately prove the quickest and -best method to work upon. - -Let digging, pruning, hoeing, raking, &c. be done as expeditiously as -strength will allow; that the time may be devoted for a few weeks to the -beautifying of the garden by sowing and planting. - - -ANNUALS. - -Those that are tender and were sown last month, according to directions, -will be ready to prick out into another light hot-bed, about two feet -high, prepared as directed in February. Keep them a few inches apart to -let the air circulate. Give them frequent sprinklings with water, and -shade them with a mat for a few days until they have taken fresh root; -then give them plenty of air, and by the first of next month expose them -night and day to harden the plants for the open ground. A few of the -annual seeds of every description, and of every country and climate, may -be sown any time after the middle of the month. If the season prove -favourable they will do well; but reserving a part to sow about the 15th -of May, will guard against every extreme. - -Those that have come above ground should be thinned out, the -dwarf-growing kinds to two or three inches, and the large sorts to four -or five inches apart; or they may be only separated about an inch, going -over them again in a few weeks; when a few might be taken of those that -will bear removing, and plant them in vacant spaces that require filling -up. All the varieties of French and African Marygold answer best when -transplanted, likewise the species of _Coreòpsis_ that were sown in -autumn. The varieties of _Ten-week Stock_, _Balsams_, _Coxcombs_, and -other strong growing sorts, generally flower stronger when replanted. - - -BIENNIALS AND PERENNIALS. - -Any biennials that are intended to be removed, and not done last month, -must not be delayed longer. The roots of many of them will be very -strong, and if possible a cloudy day should be chosen for the operation. -Give copious waterings in the evenings until they begin to grow. When -the sun is strong, they must be shaded by a piece of board, shingle, or -any similar substitute, for some days. When the seeds of these are sown, -they should be distinctly marked. The initial B. is the most -appropriate. - -_Perennials._ For a limited description of several genera and species, -see last month. Those that have not been divided and replanted, where -large, they should be done directly, if the weather is dry. They must be -carefully watered, and shaded as above directed for _Biennials_. - - -DAHLIAS. - -_Dáhlia supérflua_, or what is now called _Georgìana variábilis_, is one -of the most fashionable and popular hardy herbaceous plants of the -present day. The varieties of the present species are almost endless. -The double kinds only are cultivated, the single varieties having been -thrown aside. Several collections in Europe contain upwards of three -hundred double varieties, of every colour and taste, occupying more than -two acres of ground. It will be difficult to specify the finest; but in -this country the dwarf-growing sorts are preferred. To make them flower -freely, they should be planted in poor heavy soil. From the end of this -month to the middle of May, take the roots from their winter quarters to -the garden, and with a spade make a hole sufficiently wide and deep to -receive the crowns of the roots one inch deeper than the surface of the -ground, cutting off with a sharp knife the old stumps close to the eyes. -They have the finest effect in rows; plant them four feet apart in the -row, and the rows six feet asunder. Individual plants of a dwarf nature -look extremely well. The best one for this is the _Dwarf Globe Crimson_, -and is perhaps the finest that is known, being prolific, compact, -beautiful, and very dwarf, never exceeding three feet: if properly -grown, _Púlla elècta_, _Famæa_, and _Zenò_, are also fine dwarf sorts; -as tall growing kinds _Etna_; _Imperiòsa_; _Ciceró_; _Cocàde_; -_Cambridge Surprise_; _Dutchess of Wellington_; _Countess of Liverpool_; -_Barret's William Fourth_; _True Mountain of Snow_; _Diàna_; _Crimson -Bonnet_; and _Exímia_, are all superb, and at present the highest in -estimation. For the names of more of the finest varieties, with their -colour, see Catalogue at the end of the work. - -When the roots become very large, they ought to be divided, and in dry -seasons they require to be liberally supplied with water to keep them -growing. If their growth is obstructed, the flowering will be imperfect. -Where they are grown to any extent, it would be advisable to put up a -large hot-bed about the end of March, and plant them close together -therein, about the beginning of April, which would immediately cause -them to grow. Give plenty of air, and about the middle of May plant them -in the borders, beds, or rows, which will in cool seasons cause them to -flower earlier. - -The flowers are from three to eight inches in diameter. There ought to -be a few of the most distinct and superb varieties, in every garden. -Some individuals consider the _Anemoné-flowered_ varieties the finest; -but those who never saw a _Dáhlia_ flower of any character, would, in -our opinion, chose the large petaled flowers. The _Anemoné-flowered_ -sorts likewise are not so large in flower as the other varieties. - -The foliage has no particular attraction about it; the stems look -strong, but are soft in substance. If seeds are sown on a hot-bed in -March, most of them will flower the same year, by transplanting in the -garden about the end of May; but the fine double kinds seldom produce -seeds. - - -CHINA ROSES. - -From the first to the middle of this month is the best time to plant the -varieties of Chinese roses. If they are to be removed out of the ground, -the earlier in the month the better; but where they are in pots, the -precise time is not so material. There are about seventy varieties, -including the species of these in cultivation; all of them do extremely -well in this country, growing freely, and flowering abundantly in the -open air. A few of them require protection during winter. The List at -the end of the work will contain all the finest varieties; but as they -are not generally known, and the greater part of them highly deserving a -situation in every garden, a few limited specific observations is -obviously desirable to those who are not acquainted with their beauty -and fragrance. - -No. 1. _Ròsa índica_, common China or daily. From the last name an error -has taken place, that it blooms every day. In one sense of the word it -does. Plants that are young, and in good ground, will grow and flower -constantly from the end of April until the buds are killed with frost; -but they will never flower when not growing; the bloom being produced on -the young wood. The flower is about three inches in diameter, of a dark -blush or rose colour, petals large, and loose, between a semi-double and -double, and perfectly hardy. - -No. 2. *[B]_Rose Animated_, daily, is a very fine rose, and its merits -are appreciated by those who have it in their collections. It is more -double, and better formed than No. 1, and partakes of the fragrance of -No. 8, is perfectly hardy, colour a fine blush, grows freely, and -flowers abundantly; and is coming into great repute. - -[B] Those marked thus * we have grown from seed. - -No. 3. _Rosa Indìca mínor_, is the smallest of the China roses that we -are familiar with; about the end of April or beginning of May it is -completely covered with pretty little flowers, and much admired for its -diminutiveness: colour same as No. 1. - -No. 4. _Rosa Bengal elongáta_, named from the foliage being more -elongate than the other common roses. It grows and flowers freely, -petals large, colour light red, very distinguishable from any of the -other sorts. - -No. 5. _Rosa belle Chinese_, is a beautiful French rose, and blooms in -great abundance; flowers large and double, colour when first expanded -pink, and changes to crimson, making a striking appearance, and greatly -admired. - -No. 6. _Rosa la tendere japonica_, an erect growing rose, of a handsome -purple colour, with large petals; much like the garden velvet rose. - -No. 7. _Rosa belle vibert_, does not produce so large flowers as the -three last mentioned; but they are very double, blooming abundantly in -the latter part of summer; colour very dark, and by some called the -Black China Rose. - -No. 8. _Rosa odoràta_, or Tea-rose, celebrated in this country for its -fragrance being similar to fine Hyson tea. It justly deserves the -preference of all the China roses, for the delicacy of its flavour. The -flowers are a cream coloured blush, the petals round and full, forming -a very large rose; when full blown, it is pendulous. It will withstand -the winter of the middle states with a little protection, such as straw, -box, or barrel; requires very rich light soil. - -No. 9. _Rosa Florence_, or Scarlet-tea. This rose partakes of the -fragrance of No. 8, is perfectly hardy, grows freely, and flowers -profusely. The flower is well formed, very double, and a distinct -variety from any that we know. The flower is lightest when first -expanded. - -No. 10. _Rose, Purple-tea._ We have not found how this name has -originated: but when the plant known in our collections under that name -is compared, there is no difference between it and No. 9. - -No. 11. _Rosa odoràta álba_, or White-tea, is not so odorous as No. 8, -but blooms more profusely, and grows more freely. The beautiful and neat -appearance of the buds, when half expanded, is not surpassed; and when -full blown, they are a fine delicate white. The bush in that state is -showy, much admired, and scarce; we are not positive of its being hardy. - -No. 12. _Rosa Bengal_, or Yellow-tea, is a very free flowerer, the shape -of the flower is more like No. 8. than any of the others; the petals are -large and gracefully set, having a peculiar scent or flavour, and is of -a sulphur colour. We cannot say as to its being hardy, but suppose it as -much so as No. 8. - -No. 13. _Rosa Venella_, or Venella Scented-tea, is undoubtedly a -handsome rose, and has many admirers; colour a bloody velvet; flowers -large and very double, rising in the centre more than any of the others; -blooming freely, and of pleasant flavour; rendering it altogether a -desirable rose. - -No. 14. _Rosa belle de monza._ The flower of this rose is flatter than -any of the other sorts; the petals are regularly laid over each other, -making it very compact; it is about four inches in diameter when well -grown; the plant is of quick growth, free in flowering, darker in colour -than No. 1, equally as hardy, and ought to have a situation in every -garden where roses are grown. - -No. 15. _Rosa amaránthe_, is a showy brilliant scarlet rose, flower -compact, and of a moderate size. - -No. 16. *_Rosa Clintónia_, is a good rose, and in a favourable situation -will produce abundantly large, round, and compact flowers, differing in -shape from any of the others; colour similar to the provins rose. - -No. 17. _Rosa semperflòrens plèno_, or sanguinea, is a celebrated rose, -the foliage small, and of a reddish appearance. The flower is well -shaped, and of a blood colour; wood of a slender growth, requires some -protection in winter, or it will die to the surface of the ground; -delights in sandy soil. This rose is frequently called anemone-flowered, -though in no respects similar to the character of an anemone-flower. The -_Otaheite_ rose is of the same colour, but very inferior. - -No. 18. *_Rosa purple sanguinea_, is of a purple colour, same in shape -as No. 17, but in size larger; is a good flowerer, making a fine -variety. We do not know any similar to it. - -No. 19. _Rosa grandvàl_, is a magnificent rose; flower full and large, -petals closely set, colour dark crimson. The wood and leaves are like -the _Hamilton_ rose, but it grows and flowers more freely. It is scarce. - -No. 20. _Rosa Indica álba plèno_, or white China, is a rose of free -growth, abundant in flower, and pure white, which renders it very -desirable; is larger than No. 1, is greatly admired, and rare; requires -rich light soil. - -No. 21. _Rosa Magnifier_, _magnificent_, or _magnìfica_. It is known -under all these names. The general appearance of the plant resembles No. -19, but the flowers in shape and colour are similar to the garden -Provins rose, and nearly as large. - -No. 22. *_Rosa florabùnda multiplèx_. This rose is very correctly named, -although the plant is of a moderate stature. The whole is covered with -immense clusters of various coloured flowers, changing from pink to dark -crimson; the flowers very double, and greatly admired. - -No. 23. *_Rosa flamæa_, has a very striking appearance, is of a flame -colour, and distinct from any other of the China roses; blooms freely, -and is a little fragrant, which makes it desirable. - -No. 24. *_Rosa Hibbèrtia_, is a superb rose of a light red colour; -flower of a common size, double and compact, very fragrant, and abundant -in bloom. The buds are of a particular shape, being flat at the -extremity where others are pointed. It is highly deserving of a -situation, and universally admired. - -No. 25. *_Rosa Jacksónia_, is deep red, large, and very double, of -luxuriant growth; is more spiny and elastic than any of the China roses -that have come under our observation. The plant altogether is unique in -its character, and flowers profusely. - -No. 26. _R. Adamsônia_, is dwarf growing; has flowers of a beautiful -purple velvet colour, inclining to black; and is much admired. When well -grown, it will bloom freely. - -No. 27. *_Rosa Webestèria._[C] None of the China roses approaches this, -except _Hortensia_, and it is much inferior. The rose is very double, -and particularly well formed; colour similar to No. 8, with a beautiful -rich blush in the centre, flowing to the extremity of the petals. It -blooms profusely, and grows freely in light rich soil. - -[C] Named in honour of D. Webster, Esq. whose productions deserve a -place in every library; and this plant a spot in every garden. - -No. 28. _Rosa gigántea._ Without exception, this is the handsomest -shaped China rose that has come under our observation, the colour dark -crimson, with a few shades through it. The centre is full set; petals -regular and large, the flower very double, plant strong, growing and -free blooming--it is scarce. - -No. 29. _Rosa Washington_,[D] is a very good and distinct variety; the -foliage is pale green with red nerves; flower full and compact, the -extremity of the petals dark red, the bottom white; showing, when the -flower is full expanded, a white centre, and is frequently a little -striped; grows well, and blooms freely, in light sandy soil. - -[D] Originated on the substantial establishment of D. & C. Landreth, and -called by them "Scarlet and White." - -No. 30. *_Rosa calyxifòlia_. The calyx of this rose has large leaflets -attached to it. It blooms very early, and is of a deep crimson colour, -with recurved petals, which give it a singular and beautiful appearance. -The young shoots and leaves are of a purple hue. It grows and flowers -freely, and is quite characteristic, and surpasses any we know for -flowering early in the Green-house or Rooms. - -No. 31. _Rosa Montezùma_ (Mexican-rose.) This is an esteemed variety, -with large double flowers of a red colour, and when the flowers begin to -fade they become darker; it is of a strong growing and hardy nature, -much admired, and scarce. - -No. 32. _Rosa horténsia._ The buds of this rose are very beautiful -before expansion, and when fully expanded, are of a fine colour, -assimilated to No. 8; flowers large in proportion to the growth of the -plant. - - * * * * * - -These roses are all of a shrubby nature, and the finest flowering -varieties that have come under our observation and culture. The China -roses generally are not completely double, though going under the name -of double flowers, and having the appearance of such. Those that are -mentioned above as _double_ and _very double_ are those that are more -double than No. 1, which is a rose that is generally known. The whole of -them are much admired, and being now of great variety in colour, shade -and aspect, constitute a valuable addition to the Flower-garden. A bed -of varieties planted therein in good light rich soil, and well dressed -by hoeing deep, raking, &c. during the early stage of their growth every -season, will form an ornament varied in colour, unrivalled, and as yet -not found in our Flower-gardens. Their nature agrees so well with our -summer seasons, that it will not surprise us to see, in a few years, -selections of them planted in rows or hedges, dividing the compartments -in our gardens. - -They are all hardy, but of those that are not perfectly so, we have -mentioned the required protection. Any of them that have not been proved -hardy in your collections, it would be extremely injudicious to leave -them exposed the first winter after planting out. Caution is necessary -on every unknown point; therefore, we would recommend to give them -slight protection, by a covering of straw, mats, boxes, &c. and if they -appear to withstand the winter in perfect safety, they will not need -again to be covered. - -The best season of the year for pruning them is about the first of this -month. In doing so it is not advisable to shorten any of the young -shoots, except in cutting off the injured parts, that being the wood -most productive of bloom; but where there is old stinted wood, it should -be cut out as close to the surface of the ground as the other parts of -the bush will permit, with any other of the oldest wood that is too -crowded. If the plants have been long established, dig in amongst their -roots a little well decomposed manure, and stir and hoe them frequently -during the summer. - - -CLIMBING ROSES. - -No. 1. _Rosa Champneyàna._ This celebrated rose has a situation in -almost every garden in our city, and forms a great ornament, flowering -very profusely in immense clusters from May to November. Many of these -having more than thirty buds upon them of a light pink colour, it is -sometimes called "Pink Cluster." It is of rapid growth, and does well -for covering arbours, fences, or any unsightly object. The foliage is of -a lucid green, and the wood very strong in growth. This rose is at -present one of the most abundant in flower, the easiest of cultivation, -(growing in any exposure,) and in every respect is highly deserving of -attention. - -No. 2. _Rosa blush Noisettià_ is very similar to No. 1. in habit; the -flowers are lighter in colour, and a little larger; but the plant does -not flower so profusely during the heat of the season. There is a -variety of _Noisettia_ in our gardens, known from this by the bud being -more rounded, and another under the name of _Charles 10th_, which has -fine large flowers of a dark blush colour. - -No. 3. _Rosa red Noisettià_, or what we consider more properly _Scarlet -cluster_. It is very distinct from any other of the Noisettias in habit. -It is an excellent variety, and blooms abundantly; of a scarlet colour; -forming a fine contrast with the two last, which are light in colour, -and though not generally known is very desirable. - -No. 4. _Rosa moschàta_, musk-scented, or white cluster, is an esteemed -rose both for profusion of flower and agreeableness in fragrance. It is -not of so rapid growth as the three previous, and may be kept as a bush; -though it will grow to a considerable height if protected by a wall or -close fence, being tacked thereto. Where kept as a bush, in very severe -winters, it is the better of a slight covering, and is the latest -flowering rose in the garden. The flowers are frequently on the same -bush single, semi-double, and double, but mostly semi-double. - -No. 5. _Rosa moschàta supérba_, or superb white cluster. This in habit -and appearance is the same as No. 4, only the roses are double, and -never vary; which makes it a very superior rose. It is highly esteemed -and scarce. - -No. 6. _Rosa Aralie Noisettià._ This has been called by some _Purple -Noisettià_, (which is a very different rose, and not generally known.) -In growth it is similar to No. 4, and could be kept in the same manner. -The flowers are of a dark pink colour, very prolific, but not so large -as No. 2. - -These are all what are termed with us ever-blooming roses, being in -flower from May until the buds are destroyed by frost. They should be -pruned about the first of this month. The young wood is most productive -of bloom; where the branches are too crowded, cut out the oldest wood as -close to the ground as is practicable, and any of the dead branches. The -shoots when tied to the trellis, arbour, wall, or fence, should be about -six inches clear. The branches when made fast to their support ought to -be in direct lines, which must at all times be strictly observed. It is -very unsightly to see shoots trained crooked, or over each other, and, -unsightly or unscientifical as it may be, it is too prevalent in every -garden. - -No. 7. _R. Bourbòn_ is a double rose of brilliant red colour, petals -large, stiff, and neatly set; the flower about the size of a common -Provins rose, and finely scented; grows freely. The wood is strong, and -undoubtedly it is the finest climbing rose that has come under our -observation, and is highly admired. - -No. 8. R. _Boursault_. This rose is much thought of in Europe. It is of -a purple colour (and once called _Purpurea_), has a little fragrance, -flower nearly the size of No. 7; wood more slender, and of very rapid -growth, and capable of covering a large space. When in flower it is very -showy. The old wood is of a purple colour. There is a white variety of -it. - -No. 9. R. _Lisle_, is of a light pink colour, about the shape and size -of No. 8, grows freely, and flowers abundantly. This and No. 8. are the -hardiest climbing roses that we know. - -No. 10. R. _microphylla_. This rose is unique in every character, -resembling No. 21. more than any other. The foliage is very small and -neat, and the calyx thick and bristly. The flowers are produced at the -extremity of the young shoots in twos or threes, according to the -strength of the plant; they are large and double; the exterior petals -large and full; those of the interior are very short and thick set; the -colour in the centre is dark, shading lighter towards the exterior; the -spines are in pairs on each side of the compound leaves. It is perfectly -hardy, and greatly esteemed, and not so subject to be attacked by -insects as other roses. - -No. 11. R. _Franklinia_, or Cluster-tea, generally flowers well in May -and June, but during the remainder of the season the heat appears to be -too strong for it, the buds dropping off before expansion. The flower -bud is larger than that of the Tea-rose; the petals large but loose, -colour light blush. - -No. 12. R. _Bánksiæ_, or Lady Banks' rose, is a free growing kind, and -has a lucid green foliage; flowers small white clusters with pink -centre, very double, and sweet scented; in bloom during May. From what -we have seen of it, the spring months appear too changeable for -perfecting all its bloom, many falling off from the chilliness of the -nights. The plant naturally is an evergreen, but in our city is -deciduous; grows best in sandy soil, and should be protected by mats -during winter. - -No. 13. R. _Bánksiæ lùtea pléno_. The habit and foliage of this are the -same as No. 12, and whether hardy or not we have not proved. In Europe -it is considered more hardy than the preceding variety. The flowers are -larger, of a fine gold yellow, very double, and neatly set. It is -considered very pretty. - -No. 14. R. _multiflòra_, was amongst the first climbing roses that was -planted in this city, and was so highly admired, that twenty dollars -were given for one plant. It bears its flowers in close clusters on the -wood of last year; the colour is a deep blush; petals thickly set, -making it a close and compact small rose; blooming in June. It is losing -its celebrity, and giving place to _Champnèy_, _Noisèttia_, _Grevìllii_, -&c. - -No. 15. R. _white multiflòra_. In all respects same as No. 14, except in -flower, which is much lighter, but not a pure white. - -No. 16. R. _scarlet multiflòra_, is darker in colour than No. 14, but is -not properly a scarlet flower. - -No. 17. R. _purple multiflòra_. We suspect that there is some confusion -in this plant being confounded either with _Scarlet multiflòra_ or with -_Grevìllii_. Plants imported as such have proved to be the latter. - -No. 18. R. _Grevìllii_, is a very curious rose, flowered the first time -with us in June 1830. It is of the variety of No. 14, and of China -origin; growth free and luxuriant; leaves large and deeply nerved; -flowers in large clusters, almost every eye of the wood of last year -producing one cluster, having on it from eight to twenty roses, -according to the state of the plant, each rose expanding differently in -colour or shade. Many suppose that they expand all of the same colour, -and change afterwards. This is not the case. We have seen them white, -pink, red, purple, and various other shades when the bloom expanded; and -on two clusters we have observed twenty-two distinct shades of colour. -In fact, it is a complete nondescript, having roses, single, -semi-double, and double, large and small, and every colour between white -and purple, forming, in every garden where it is planted, a wonder of -the vegetable world. It is very hardy; an eastern aspect will answer it -best, preserving the flowers from the direct rays of the sun, which will -keep the colours purer. We readily recommend it to every lover of -_Flora_. - -No. 19. R. _arvénsis scándens multiplèx_, or double Ayrshire. We -imported this rose last year, as being a very double blush, -sweet-scented variety. It is highly valued, and said to be more rapid -in growth than any other variety, and likewise a profuse flowerer. As -far as we know it remains to be proved how it will agree with our -climate, and have its high characters substantiated; although we have no -reason to doubt the authority we received it from. - -No. 20. R. _sempervírens plenò_. This is a most handsome double white -rose. The strong shoots of last year will produce a large cluster of -flowers from almost every eye, and as a profuse flowering double white -climbing rose we have seen none to surpass it. It grows freely, the -foliage and wood pure green, leaves much nerved. - -No. 21. R. _bracteàta plenò_, double Macartney, is a very fine large -double white variety, with strongly marked red edged petals; blooming -from May to July. It is very scarce, and grows best in sandy soil. - -The best time for pruning those roses which only bloom once in the -season, and are of a climbing habit, is immediately after flowering, -cutting out all the old wood that has produced flowers, thereby -invigorating the young wood that is to bear the flowers the ensuing -year; and the stronger the wood of this year can be made to grow, the -finer and more profuse will be the flowers. The plants of Nos. 12, 14, -18, and the intermediate varieties, have been pruned on a wrong system. -In place of giving them a general dressing in spring, they ought to have -it immediately after flowering; the old wood cut out, leaving only the -young and such as is of a healthy nature. Avoid crowding them together, -and tie them all straight and regular. Never top the shoots except -where there is a supply of wood wanted. In spring the only dressing -requisite is to cut off the injured shoots or branches, making good the -tyings that have given way. - -Trellises for these roses are generally made too wide; the shoots cannot -be neatly kept to them. They ought never to exceed nine inches between -each spar or rod. - -There are several species and varieties of climbing roses of high -standing in character, but not being perfectly known to us in regard to -hardiness, &c. we forbear making any remarks upon them, knowing that -much exaggeration exists. - - -CLIMBING PLANTS. - -As shade is much required in this country, and plants suitable for -covering arbours, &c. eagerly sought for, we will make a few remarks on -those which are preferred for their beauty, growth, hardiness, &c. - -_Atragène alpìna_, is a free growing deciduous shrub, with large -blush-coloured flowers, which continue blooming from May to July; has -small pinnated foliage. - -_Clématis viticélla pulchélla_, or double purple virgin's bower, is an -esteemed climbing plant; of rapid growth, with large flowers in great -profusion from June to September. There are several varieties of the -above, two of them single, and it is said that there is likewise a -double red. - -_C. flámmula_, sweet scented virgin's bower, is of very rapid growth. -Established plants will grow from twenty to forty feet in one season, -producing at the axils of the young shoots large panicles of small white -flowers of exquisite fragrance; the leaves are compound pinnate; in -bloom from June to November, but in June, July, September, and October, -the flowers are in great profusion, perfuming the whole garden. This is -one of the best climbing hardy plants that we know, and it ought to have -a situation in every garden. - -_C. Virgiàna_, is of rapid growth, and well adapted for arbours; flowers -small white in axillary panicles, di[oe]cious, leaves ternate, segments -cordate, acute, coarsely toothed and lobed, in bloom from June to -August. A native, and a little fragrant. - -_C. flòrida plenò_, is a fine free flowering plant, though generally -considered a shrub, is more herbaceous than shrubby; the flowers are -large double white; in growth will not exceed ten feet in one season. - -_Glycine frutéscens_, a beautiful native climbing shrub, known in our -gardens under that name, but is properly _Wistèria frutéscens_. It has -large pendulous branches of blue (leguminose) flowers, blooming from May -to August; pinnated leaves with nine ovate downy leaflets; grows freely. - -_Glycine chinénsis_, is given to Wistèria, and is the finest climbing -shrub of the phaseolious tribe. The flowers are light blue, in long -nodding many-flowered racemose spikes, blooming from May to August -profusely; leaves pinnated, with eleven ovate lanceolate silky leaflets, -and is of a very rapid growth. We are not certain if it will withstand -our winters without protection. - -_Bignònia crucígera_, is an evergreen which is very desirable in many -situations, being likewise of luxuriant growth. It will cover in a few -years an area of fifty feet; flowers of an orange scarlet colour, -blooming from May to August. - -_B. grandiflòra_, now given to _Tecôma_, has large orange coloured -flowers, blooming from June to August, and grows very fast. We are not -positive that it will stand our winters without protection. - -_B. rádicans_, is likewise given to _Tecòma_, and is a native plant. -When in flower it is highly ornamental, but it requires great attention -to keep it in regular order, being of a strong rough nature; in bloom -from June to August. - -_Periplàca græca_, is a climber of extraordinary growth. Well -established plants grow thirty or forty feet in one season; flowers in -clusters from May to July, of a brownish yellow colour, and hairy -inside; leaves smooth, ovate, lanceolate, wood slender, twining, and -elastic. - -_Hedéra Hélix_, Irish Ivy, is a valuable evergreen for covering naked -walls, or any other unsightly object. The foliage is of a lively green, -leaves from three to five angled. There are several varieties of it, all -valuable for growing in confined shady situations where no other plant -will thrive. - -_Ampelópsis hederàcea._ This plant is commonly employed for covering -walls, for which the rapidity of its growth, and the largeness of the -leaves, render it extremely appropriate. There are several species of -the genus, all resembling the _Vine_ in habit and in flower. - -It is called by some _Císsus hederàcea_, which is certainly improper, -this belonging to _Tetandria_, and the former to _Pentandria_. - -There are several other plants of a climbing habit, both curious and -ornamental; but our limits will not admit of a detail. - - -DECIDUOUS SHRUBS. - -Finish planting all deciduous shrubs in the early part of the month. -These plants are generally delayed too long, the leaves in many -instances are beginning to expand, thereby giving a check to the -ascending sap, which we may safely assert causes the death of one third -of the plants, when perhaps the operator or some individual more -distantly concerned is blamed. - -These shrubs, if properly removed and planted at the exact starting of -vegetation, pressing the earth close to their roots when planting, -(previously taking care that the small fibres have not become dry by -exposure,) will not, by these simple attentions, one out of fifty fail. -Those that are late planted should have frequent waterings, and if -large, firmly supported, that the wind may have no effect in disturbing -the young and tender fibrous roots. - - -OF PLANTING EVERGREEN SHRUBS. - -Now is the season to plant all kinds of evergreen trees and shrubs. In -most seasons the middle of the month is the most proper time, the -weather then being mild and moist; or if a late season, defer it to the -end of the month. When planted earlier, they will remain dormant until -this time, and their tender fibrous roots in that case frequently perish -from their liability to injury from frost or frosty winds, being more -susceptible of such injury than fibres of deciduous plants. They now -begin to vegetate, which is the _grand criterion_ for transplanting any -plant. The buds begin to swell, the roots to push, and if they can be -quickly lifted and replanted, they will hardly receive a check. At all -events care must be taken that they are not long out of the ground and -exposed to the air, which greatly assists the success in planting. It -may be observed that evergreens in general succeed the better the -smaller they are, although we have seen plants, trees, and evergreens, -successfully lifted upwards of thirteen feet high and fifteen in -diameter, and carried several miles. By the second year there was no -appearance that such operation had taken place. In preparing a hole for -the reception of these plants, make it larger than the roots, breaking -the bottom thereof fine, and putting in some fresh soil. Place the plant -upright in the centre, putting in the earth and breaking it fine, and -give the plant a few gentle shakes. When the roots are more than half -covered, put in a pot or pail full of water, allowing it to subside, -then cover all the roots, give a second or third pail full, and when -subsided the earth will be close to all the roots. Cover with more -earth, pressing all firm with the foot. Put more soil loosely on, which -will give it a finished appearance, and prevent it from becoming dry, -and not requiring mulching, which has an unsightly appearance. All that -the wind will have any hurtful effect upon, must be firmly supported, -especially large plants. If the weather sets in dry and hot, they should -be watered as often as necessity shall direct. - -Those that are established, it will be necessary to go over them (if not -already done) to cut off all wood killed in winter, and also to thin -them if too thick and crowded. - -When the above is done, let every part of the shrubbery be dressed off -as directed in _March_. Shrubs of all kinds will now begin to look gay -and lively, which may be very much heightened or depreciated, according -to the state in which the ground and contiguous walks are kept. Always -keep in view that weeds are no objects of beauty. - - -CARE OF CHOICE BULBS. - -_Hyacinths_ of the earliest sorts will begin to expand and show their -colours, of which we can boast of a few as fine sorts in the vicinity of -Philadelphia, as in any garden of Europe; but even these very superior -sorts, when in bloom, are too frequently neglected, being allowed to -stand without rods, stakes, or any means of support, likewise equally -exposed to drenching rains and scorching suns; and the finest -collections may be seen after heavy rains prostrate on the ground, -whereas a few hours' trouble would give them the requisite support, -thereby preserving their beauty much longer, and giving more -gratification. As soon as the stems advance to any height, they should -be supported by wires, rods, &c. and tied slightly thereto with threads -of matting, or any other substitute, repeat the tying as they advance, -avoid tying amongst the florets, because they grow by extension, and are -liable to be broken off by so doing. The sun deteriorates the colours -very much, especially the red, blue, and yellow sorts; whereas if they -were simply protected from the sun by an awning of thin canvass, the -colours would be preserved and the beauty protracted. If there are -stakes drove into the ground on each side of the beds, about three feet -high, with others in the centre about eight feet, having laths or hoops -from the side to the centre, formed similar to the roof of a house, so -that people may walk or sit under it, the canvass or awning being thin -to admit of the light freely, the effect in the time of sunshine from -the brilliancy of the colours is peculiarly gratifying. Where an awning -is thus erected, it requires to be kept on only from nine to three -o'clock in sunshine days, and during nights or time of rain, allowing -the awning on the most northern side to come close to the ground when -necessary, to shelter them from cold cutting winds. - -_Tulips_ in every respect should have the same care and protection, -never neglecting to have the beds with a smooth clean surface, and the -stems neatly tied up, although they are not in so much danger as -Hyacinths. - -The properties of a good Hyacinth are, viz--the stem strong and erect, -the florets or bells occupying one half of the stem, each floret -suspended by a short strong footstalk, longest at the bottom, the -uppermost floret quite erect, so that the whole may form a pyramid. Each -floret well filled with petals rising towards the centre, that it may -appear to the eye a little convex. Regarding colour, fancy does not -agree, and the scrupulous cultivators differ materially. However the -more pure and bright the finer, or a white with a pink centre, or the -centre of the petals with a paler or deeper colour appearing striped, -which is considered to have a good effect. - -Those of a good _Tulip_ are--the stem strong, elastic, and erect, about -two feet high, the flower large and composed of six petals, proceeding a -little horizontally at first, and then turning upwards, forming a -flat-bottomed cup, rather widest at the top; the three exterior petals -should be larger than the three interior ones, and broader at their -base; the edges of the petals entire, free from notch or ruggedness; the -top of each well rounded; the colour of the flower at the bottom of the -cup ought to be pure, white, or yellow, and the rich coloured stripes -which are the principal ornament should be pure, bold, regular, and -distinct on the margin, and terminate in fine points elegantly -pencilled. The centre of each petal should have one bold stripe, or -blotch of rich colouring. The ground colours that are most esteemed are -white, the purer the finer; or, on the other hand, the dark grounds, and -of course the darker the better; but these vary in estimation, according -to the prevailing taste of amateurs. - - -ANEMONES AND RANUNCULUS. - -Moist weather and frequent showers are highly essential to the -perfecting of these flowers, and if these should fail at this season of -the year, artificial means must be used to supply the deficiency. Take -a watering-pot without the rose, and run the water (river or rain water -is best) gently between the rows, taking care not to make holes in the -ground. When they have got a good watering at root, take the syringe and -give them a gentle sprinkling in fine evenings, observing not to use -force for fear of breaking the flower stems. In dry weather the result -of a deficiency of water would be that the stems and flowers of the -strongest roots will be weak, and make no progress, and many of them -will not bloom; the foliage of a sickly, yellow appearance, from which -they would not recover; and the roots when taken up of little use for -farther transplanting. - -A good plan in dry seasons is to cover the ground between the rows with -cow manure, which will prevent the moisture from evaporating, and the -rain or water passing through it greatly enriches the soil, and -strengthens the roots. - - -AURICULAS. - -Having under this head last month given ample directions for the -treatment of these plants previous to flowering, we refer to that head -to avoid repetition. - - -CARNATIONS, PINKS, &c. - -If any of these were omitted to be shifted last month, or planted out -according to directions therein given, let it be done forthwith. Where -they are still protected with frames, give them plenty of air, keeping -the sashes entirely off during the day, keep the pots perfectly free -from weeds, and give the foliage frequent sprinklings with water. - -_Polyanthus_ and _primroses_ will be exhibiting their beautiful flowers. -They require the same treatment, and delight in moisture and a shaded -situation. Do not sprinkle them while in flower, and keep them clear of -weeds or decayed leaves, never exposing them to the sun. They are very -hardy, and where required may be planted in very shady situations, for -they will suffer more from the influence of the sun's rays than from -frost. Those plants in pots in general that have been protected in -frames, and are destined for the borders, should now as soon as possible -be planted in their destined situations, having nothing to fear from -chilling winds or frosts after the middle of this month, except in -uncommon seasons. Those that are to be kept in pots, if not repotted, do -it immediately, and give regular supplies of water. - - -POLIANTHUS TUBEROSA FLORE PLENO. - -This very popular bulb, generally known as _Tuberose_, has been -cultivated in England upwards of two centuries, whence we no doubt have -received it, and now can return those of our production to supply their -demand. The flowers are many and highly odoriferous, and of the purest -white, and on a flower stem from three to five feet high. To have them -in the greatest perfection, they should be planted in a lively hot-bed, -about the first of this month in six inch pots filled with light rich -earth, giving very little water until they begin to grow, when they -ought to be liberally supplied with plenty of air, and about the end of -next month they may be planted in the borders, providing a spot for them -that is or has been well worked, and enriched with well decomposed -manure. Secure their flower stems to proper rods. Previous to planting -the roots, all the off-sets should be taken off and planted separately; -keep the crown of the bulb level with the surface of the pot, and when -they are replanted in the open ground, put them two inches deeper. - -But when the convenience of a hot-bed cannot be obtained, they will -succeed very well if planted about the end of this month or first of -next in the garden, in a bed of earth prepared for their reception. Let -it be dug deep, and make the soil light and rich, by giving it a good -supply of manure two years old, well broken and incorporated with the -earth, adding a little sand where the soil is heavy. The black earth -from the woods produced from decayed leaves is equally as good without -sand. Having the ground in proper order, draw drills about two and a -half inches deep, and eighteen inches apart; plant the bulbs (after -divesting them of their off-sets) nine inches apart in the row, covering -the crown of the bulb about an inch and a half. When done, carefully -rake and finish off the beds. When they shoot up their flower stems, -give them neat rods for their support. Plant the off-sets in closer rows -to produce flowering roots for next year, because they seldom flower the -second time. - - -AMARYLLIS FORMOSISSIMA, OR JACOBEA LILY. - -About the end of this or beginning of next month, is the most proper -time for planting out these bulbs. This flower is of the most beautiful -and rich crimson velvet colour. The bulb generally produces two stems, -the one after the other, about the end of May or first of June. The stem -is from nine inches to one foot high, surmounted by a single flower, -composed of six petals, three hanging down, three erect and recurved; -the stamens droop on the centre of the under petals. The flower thus -appears nodding on one side of the stem, and has a most graceful and -charming appearance. If planted in a bed, prepare the ground as before -directed for _Tuberoses_. Keep the rows one foot asunder, and the bulbs -six inches apart in the rows, covering them two inches over their -crowns. This plant is now called _Spreikèlia formosíssima_, and we think -properly too, for its habit differs from _Amaryllis_. - -We have not the smallest doubt that in a few years, not only this superb -South American bulb will adorn our flower gardens, but many of the rich -bulbs of Brazil and South America generally will yearly exhibit to us -the beauty of their colours and the beautiful construction of their -flowers and foliage, of which we are now generally deprived, perhaps -because we have not the conveniency of a proper hot-house for their -protection during winter. But it will be found, in many instances, that -these bulbs will do perfectly well to be kept dry in a warm room from -October to May, when the heat of our summer is sufficient for the -perfection of their flowers, and many species will ripen their seeds. -The bulb that is known as _Amaryllis Belladónna_, now called _Belladónna -purpuráscens_, is hardy. - - -TIGER FLOWER. - -_Tigrídia_, a genus of Mexican bulbs belonging to _Monadelphia -Triándria_, and produce the most beautiful flowers of the natural order -of _Irideæ_. _T. pavònia_ is of the brightest scarlet, tinged and -spotted with pure yellow. _T. conchiiflòra_, colour rich yellow, tinged -and spotted with bright crimson. The colours are very rich, and purely -contrasted. The corolla is about four inches in diameter, composed of -six petals; the outer are reflexed, the flower of the largest, though -splendid in beauty, exists only one day; but to compensate for that, a -plant will produce flowers for several weeks; and where a bed of them -can be collected, they will bloom in profusion from July to September. -They like a light rich free soil. Lift the bulbs in October, and -preserve them as directed in that month for _Tuberoses_. Be sure that -they be kept dry, and secure from frost. A bed of these should be in -every garden. A writer says, "it is the most beautiful flower that is -cultivated." Plant them about the end of this or first of next month; if -in beds keep them one foot apart each way. - - -WALKS. - -The walks in general should be put in the neatest order during this -month. Little requires to be added to the observations of last month, -but if these have not been executed, fail not to have it done the first -opportunity, choosing dry weather for the operation of _turning_ the old -or adding new gravel to them, levelling, raking, and rolling neatly as -you proceed. Always after rain give the whole of the gravel walks a good -rolling. This being frequently done during the early part of the season, -will be a saving of much labour and time through the summer. The walks -having a firm surface, the growth of weeds will be retarded, and the -heavy rains will not be so apt to injure them. Where there are any -pretensions to keeping these in order, they ought to be picked of weeds -and litter once a week, and gone over with the roller at least once -every two weeks during the season. - -Sweep and divest the grass walks of all worm casts, litter, &c. cutting -the edgings neatly. Mow the grass every two weeks from this time to -October, sweeping off the grass clean each time, and give frequent -rollings to keep the surface smooth. If any require to be laid with -turf, delay it no longer. For directions see last month. The above -observations on walks in general, will apply through the season; -therefore we will not repeat this subject until October. - - -EVERGREEN HEDGES. - -We have previously observed, under the head of Evergreens, that this is -the best season for their replanting. We cannot pass over the -observations of this month, without having reference to evergreen -hedges, so much neglected amongst us, and yet so important to the -diversity of aspect, and especially to soften a little the gloomy -appearance of our winters. There are three indigenous shrubs, and at -least one exotic, that are well adapted for the purpose, viz, _Pìnus -canadénsis_, Hemlock-spruce; _Thùja occidentàlis_, American arbor-vitæ; -and _Juníperis virginiána_, Red cedar. These are natives, and the two -former are admirably adapted for the purpose. Where there is to be a -hedge of any of these planted, select plants about two feet high; lift -them carefully, preserving the roots as much as possible. Dig a trench -from one and a half to two feet wide, and from one to one foot and a -half deep. This will admit the soil about the roots to be well broken, -which must be done in planting. Keep the plants in the centre of the -trench, mixing the shortest and the tallest, that it may be of one -height, putting the earth close about their roots as you proceed, and -make it firm with the foot; fill up, and water as directed for -evergreens in this month. If the season is very dry, give it frequent -copious waterings. - -None of them should be topped for a few seasons, except such as are much -above the others in height, keeping the sides regular and even by -clipping or shearing once a year, either in this month or at the end of -August. It is better to keep the top (when they have got to the desired -height) pointed, than broad. The latter method retains a heavy weight of -snow, which frequently breaks down, or otherwise deforms, that which has -cost much labour to put into shape. - - -BOX EDGINGS. - -Where these have not been laid, this month is the proper time. Do not -delay the planting of such any later. For ample directions see _March_ -under this head. Clipping of those should be done about the middle of -this month. There will then be no danger of frosts to brown the cut -leaves, and the young foliage will not be expanded. To keep these -edgings in order, they must be cut once a year, and never be allowed to -get above four inches high, and two inches wide. What we consider the -neatest edging is three inches high, two inches wide at the bottom, -tapering to a thin edge at the top. It is very unsightly to see large -bushy edgings, especially to narrow walks. - -The use of edgings is to keep the soil from the gravel, and the larger -they are allowed to grow the more ineffectual they become; growing more -open below as they advance in height. The operation may be done very -expeditiously by clipping the tops level, going longitudinally along -with shears for the purpose, called "box shears." Strain a line along -the centre of the edgings, cutting perpendicularly from the line to the -bottom on each side, leaving only the breadth of the line at top. -Edgings, cut in this manner, every spring will always look well, and the -trouble, comparatively, is a mere trifle. - - -GRASS PLATS, &c. - -If these have not been laid down where wanted, delay it no longer, for -which see directions in _March_; and where these are desired to be kept -in order, they should be mown every two or three weeks at farthest; from -this month to October when cut, the grass should be clean swept off, and -the edgings, if out of order, adjusted. To mention this subject again -will be only a repetition, therefore we will let this suffice. - - -GENERAL CARE OF PLANTS COMING INTO FLOWER. - -Every part of the flower ground should be put into neat order, giving -such plants about the borders as are shooting up their flower stems, and -are tender, and in danger of being hurt or broken by the wind, proper -sticks or rods for their support. In doing this, endeavour to conceal -the rods, &c. as much as possible, by dressing the stems and leaves in a -natural looking manner over them. Let the stakes be in proportion to the -heighth and growth of the plants. It looks very unsightly to see strong -stakes to short and weak growing plants. The tyings likewise should be -proportionate. - -Examine all the beds and patches of seedling flowers now coming up, and -let them be refreshed with water as it may be necessary, and pick out -the weeds as they appear. - -We cannot leave this department at this season of the year, without -enforcing the benefit and beauty that will result from keeping the weeds -down during this and next month. Therefore strictly observe that there -are none running to seed in any part of the garden; in fact, they ought -not to be allowed to rear their heads above one day in sight. - - - - -=Rooms.= - -_APRIL._ - - -We remarked last month, that about this season, where it is convenient, -an eastern window is more congenial to plants than a southern. The sun -becomes too powerful, and the morning sun is preferable to that of the -afternoon. West is also preferable to south. Some keep their plants in -excellent order at a north window. But the weather is so mild after -this, that there is no difficulty in protecting and growing plants in -rooms. They generally suffer most from want of air and water; the window -must be up a few inches, or altogether, according to the mildness of the -day. And as plants are more liable to get covered with dust in rooms -than in any other department, and not so convenient to be syringed or -otherwise cleaned, take the first opportunity of a mild day to carry -them to a shady situation, and syringe such as are not in flower well -with water; or for want of a syringe take a watering-pot with a rose -upon it: allowing them to stand until they drip, when they may be put -into their respective situations. - - -DIRECTIONS FOR PLANTS BROUGHT FROM THE GREEN-HOUSE. - -Any plants that are brought from the Green-house during the spring -months ought to be as little exposed to the direct rays of the sun as -possible. Keep them in airy situations, with plenty of light, giving -frequent and liberal supplies of water. Plants may be often observed -through our city during this month fully exposed in the outside of a -south window, with the blaze of a mid-day sun upon them, and these too -just come from the temperate and damp atmosphere of a well regulated -Green-house. Being thus placed in an arid situation, scorched between -the glass and the sun whose heat is too powerful for them to withstand, -the transition being so sudden, that, however great their beauties may -have appeared, they in a few days become brown, the flowers tarnished or -decayed, and the failure generally attributed to individuals not at all -concerned. From this and similar causes many have drawn the unjust -conclusion, viz. that "plants from Green-houses are of too delicate a -nature to be exposed in rooms or windows at this early season." But -every year gives more and more proof to the contrary. There are ladies -in Philadelphia, and those not a few, whose rooms and windows at this -period vie with the finest of our Green-houses, with respect to the -health, beauty and order of their plants, and we might almost say in -variety. Some of them have got above eight kinds of Camellias in their -collections, which afford a continual beauty through the winter, with -many other desirable and equally valuable plants. Exposure to the sun, -and want of water, are the general cause of failures at this period. We -have spoken so minutely and so frequently on these two subjects, that we -think more repetition unnecessary. The plants generally are growing -pretty freely by this time, and are not so liable to suffer from liberal -supplies of water, observing never to give it until the soil in the pot -is inclining to become dry, and administering it always in the evenings. - - -FLOWERING PLANTS. - -Our directions last month under this head will equally apply now. The -China _roses_ that are now coming plentifully in flower should be kept -near the light, and in airy exposures, to brighten their colours, -otherwise they will be very pale and sickly. _Geraniums_ too ought to -have the like treatment. - - -BRINGING PLANTS OUT OF THE CELLAR, &c. - -All or most of the plants that have been in the cellar during winter, -such as _Pomegranates_, _Lagerstræmias_, _Hydrángeas_, _Oleanders_, -_Sweet-bay_, _&c._ may be brought out to the open air any time about the -middle of the month. If any of them stand in need of larger pots or -tubs, have them turned out, the balls reduced, and put them in others a -little larger; or where convenient they may be planted in the ground, -except _Oleanders_, which do best to be a little confined. Be sure to -keep the _Hydrángeas_ in shady situations. It will not be advisable to -expose entirely the Orange and Lemon trees, until the end of this or -first of next month. Where there are any scale or foulness of any kind -collected on the foliage or wood, have them cleaned directly before the -heat increases the one, and to get clear of the disagreeable appearance -of the other. - - - - -=Hot-House.= - -_MAY._ - - -Very few directions for this department remain to be given; except for -shifting plants, and a few observations on those that are most desirable -for the Hot-house; which we will do in this month, considering May and -June the best months of the year for that operation. - -The days and nights will be very mild by this time, and the sashes in -every favourable day should be opened both in front and top, so that the -plants may be enured to the open air, which they will be exposed to by -the end of the month, Leave in the beginning of the month the top sashes -a little open every mild night, and gradually as the heat increases -leave the front sashes and doors open. Continue to syringe them at least -every alternate night, and if possible every night; and give them all, -according to their respective wants, liberal supplies of water every -day. Absorption amongst Hot-house plants is as great during this month -as in any period of the year. - - -OF REPOTTING PLANTS, &c. - -It is our candid opinion that this and next month are the best periods -for shifting or repotting all or most of Hot-house plants. The end of -August being the time always adopted around Philadelphia for that -operation (and then they are done indiscriminately,) we will assign a -few reasons for our practice. - -_First_, that it is not congenial to the nature of these plants to have -their roots surrounded with fresh soil, when they are becoming inactive; -_secondly_, that there is not a sufficiency of heat naturally to quicken -them to an active state when they are encouraged; and _thirdly_, being -thus in new soil while dormant, they have a yellow and sickly aspect -until they begin to grow; and the foliage thus deprived of its natural -vigour will not appear so healthful again. Whereas, if they are shifted -or repotted in this or next month, at which season they are between two -stages of growth, they immediately, on receiving fresh assistance, and -by the increasing heat of the summer, make new growths, are perfectly -ripened before the approach of winter, and never lose that verdureal -appearance they have attained. These are our reasons acquired from a -close practice and observation, and are not influenced by the doings of -others which are so much aside. No practical operator especially, nor in -fact any individual, ought to be governed by custom in regard to the -treatment of plants, without having an idea as to why and wherefore, -founded on the principles of nature, and governed by her unerring -results. - -As many are desirous of having a knowledge of plants, before they order -them, and likewise which are the finest flowerers and their general -character, especially those who are at a great distance, and seldom have -the privilege of seeing what is most desirable, our descriptions will -be limited, and simply such as are given for the Green-house in March. - -_Acàcias._ Several of these are desirable in the Hot-house, for the -grandeur of their foliage, beauty of flower, and a few of them as -specimens of valuable medicinal plants. _A. Houstóni_, now _Anneslèia -Houstóni_, is one of the most magnificent of the _Mimòsa_ tribe, -blooming from August to November in large terminale spikes, of a crimson -colour, stamens very long, and beautiful; leaves bipinnated in pairs. -_A. grandiflòra_, likewise given to _Anneslèia_, and similar to the -former in colour; has very large compound bipinnate leaves, with from -twenty to forty pairs. _A. Catèchu_, flowers yellow, wood spiny, leaves -bipinnated, about ten pairs. The inner wood of this tree is of a brown -colour, from which the _Catèchu_ used in medicine is prepared. It is -disputed whether _A. Véra_, or _A. Arábica_ produces the gum Arabic. We -are inclined to think it is the latter, which grows principally on the -Atlas mountains. The gum exudes spontaneously from the bark of the tree -in a soft half fluid state. There are many others of this genus -belonging to the Hot-house, but being shy in flowering, are not -generally esteemed. Most of the flowers have the appearance of yellow -balls of down, and are hermaphrodite. The pots should all be well -drained. - -_Aloe._ These grotesque looking succulent plants are principally natives -of the Cape of Good Hope, and consequently will do well in the warmest -part of the Green-house, although when convenient, they frequently get a -situation in the Hot-house. It is not requisite, except for _A. -vulgàris_, known as _A. barbadénsis_; which has orange yellow flowers; -_A. oblíqua_, now called _Gastèria oblíqua_; _A. dichótoma_; and _A. -lineàta_, which is perhaps the finest of the genus. The leaves are -beautifully striped, with red spines, flowers scarlet and green. These -are the only ones that actually need heat during winter. They ought to -have very little water, once a month is sufficient. They would grow -without it, and several of them would also grow by being suspended in -the house, without earth or any substitute about their roots, by being -frequently sprinkled with water. - -Few of them are admired for the beauty of their flowers, but the whole -are considered curious. They flower from May to September. - -_Ardísias_, about eighteen species. Plants highly esteemed for the -beauty of their foliage, flowers, and berries. The most popular in our -collections is _A. crenulàta_. It has rose coloured star-like flowers, -in terminale panicles, and produces beautiful small red berries, which -continue until other berries are produced the following year, and -frequently there may be seen on one plant, the berries of three -successive years, thus being a very ornamental plant and very desirable. -It is vulgarly called the Dwarf ever-bearing cherry. It will keep in a -good Green-house, but not grow freely. _A. solanàcea_ has large oblong -leaves, narrowed at each end, and bears purple berries; _A. élegans_ has -entire, oblong, shining leaves; _A. umbellàta_, once _A. littoràlis_, is -the finest of the genus for abundance of flower and beauty of foliage. -The flowers are pink, in large decompound panicles, the leaves the -largest of all the species, oblong, wedge shaped, nearly sessile, -entire, smooth, and reflexed. They are all evergreens, and the pots -should be well drained. They are natives of the East Indies, and delight -in a high temperature. - -_Aristolochias_, Birth-wort. There are several of these belonging to the -Hot-house, but none of them deserving particular observation, except _A. -labiosa_. The leaves are reniform, roundish, cordate, and amplexicaule; -the flower or corolla is of a curious construction, being incurved, and -at the base swelled or saccate with a large lip, and all beautifully -spotted; colour greenish brown. It is a climbing plant, and requires a -strong heat. - -_Astrap[oe]as_, three species. _A. Wallichii_ is a celebrated plant in -Europe, and a few specimens of it are in this country. It has scarlet -unbellated flowers, with an involucre, has twenty-five stamens united -into a tube, bearing the corolla with five petals; leaves roundish, -cordate, accuminate, very large with persistent, ovate wavy stipules. -The plant is of easy culture, and grows freely, wood very strong. - -_Areca_, Cabbage-tree, ten species. They are a kind of palms, with large -pinnated leaves, or properly fronds. In their indigenous state they are -from six to forty feet high, but in the Hot-house they seldom exceed -twenty feet. _A. catechu_ is used in medicine. _A. olerácea_ is -cultivated extensively in the West Indies, and the tender part of the -top is eaten by the natives. _A. montana_ is most frequent in -collections. There is no particular beauty in the flowers. They are all -easily grown, if plenty of heat be given. - -_Brunsvigias_ are all large bulbs from the Cape of Good Hope, and will -keep in the Green-house during winter, but are better where they can -obtain a situation in the Hot-house. It is a splendid genus, containing -about ten species. Some of the bulbs grow to an enormous size, and all -of them while growing require a liberal supply of water; but when -dormant it must be wholly withheld, and they should have large pots to -make them grow and flower in perfection. _B. multiflora_, flowers -scarlet and green; the leaves lay on the surface of the pot. _B. -latìcoma_, flowers pale purple. _B. Josephinæ_ has splendid rose -coloured flowers, and is the most admired species of the genus: the -foliage spreading, half erect, and glacous; flowers numerous, and in -large umbels, on a stem two feet high, blooming successively; there is a -variety that has striped flowers. - -Several other species have been given to different genera. _B. falcata_ -is now _Ammocharis falcata_; _B. marginata_, now _Imhofia_; and _B. -cilliaris_, is now _Buphone cilliaris_. They all flower in umbels, on -stems from six inches to two feet; flowers lily-like with six petals. - -_Bambusa_, Bamboo-cane, two species. Plants of very strong growth, and -are used in the East Indies, where they are indigenous, for every -purpose in the construction of huts, for furniture both domestic and -rural, for fences, boats, boxes, paper, &c. It is frequently used as -pipes to convey water. The species thus useful, is _B. arundinacea_, -which grows to a great height. We do not mention it as interesting in -beauty, but as a valuable plant, for the many useful purposes to which -it is applied. It requires to be kept wet. - -_Banistèrias_, a genus of about fourteen climbing evergreen plants. -Three of them are esteemed. _B. fúlgens_, yellow flowers in racemose -spikes, leaves subovate, and downy beneath. _B. Chrisophylla_ has -beautiful foliage, as if covered with a shining gold coloured dust; -leaves large, oblong, acute. _B. splèndens_, flowers in spikes of a -yellow colour; foliage large and silvery like; the pots should be well -drained. - -_Barringtònias_, two species. _B. speciòsa_ has produced a great -excitement amongst cultivators, and is one of the handsomest plants -produced within the tropics. The leaves are large, oblong, acute, -shining, with fleshy nerves, tinged with red; the flowers are large, -full of stamens with four petals, opens in the evening and fades at -sunrise; colour purple and white; grows freely in strong heat. - -_Brôwneas_, five species of splendid plants, but scarce in collections. -_B. coccínea_ has scarlet flowers in pendulous bunches, corolla -semi-double, foliage bipinnate, in three pairs. _B. ròsa_, mountain rose -of Trinidad. _B. grandicéps_ is the finest of the genus, leaves -bipinnated; leaflets cordate, accuminate, downy and pendulous, flowers -rose colour, in large close heads. Drain the pots well. - -_Calathèa zebrìna_, frequently known as _Maránta zebrìna_, and now -_Phrynum zebrìnum_, is a plant unique in its appearance. The large -elongated ovate leaves are beautifully striped with green and dark -purple, and called _Zebra plant_. It has light blue flowers in ovate -spikes, about the size of large pine cones. It is a herbaceous plant; -but in the warmest part of the Hot-house retains its splendid foliage; -requires a very liberal supply of water, and ought to be in every -collection. - -_Cánnas_, about thirty species, several of them deserving cultivation -both for flower and foliage; they are principally natives of the West -Indies, and might all be easily obtained. The finest are _C. gigántea_, -has large leaves and orange flowers; _C. limbàta_, flowers scarlet and -yellow; _C. díscolor_, has large cordate, accuminate leaves of a crimson -colour, the flowers are scarlet; _C. iridiflòra_, has large crimson -nodding flowers, very different from any of the others, and the finest -of the genus. They all, while in a growing state, require a liberal -supply of water; and being herbaceous plants watering ought to be given -up about the first of November, and renewed about the first of January, -thus giving them a cessation which they require to flower freely; but -when water is constantly given, which is the general plan in our -collections, they continue to push weak shoots and few flowers. - -_Cáctus._ This extensive genus is curious, grotesque, interesting, and -varied in character and habit; is now divided into six distinct genera -according to their natural appearance and habit. We will describe a few -of each genus, none of which going under the name of _Cáctus_, we will -give them the six following. - -_Mamillàrias_, above twenty species, and are those which are covered -with roundish bearded tubercles, and with small red and white flowers. -_M. coccínea_; _M. simplex_; _M. pusílla_, and _M. cònica_, are good -species, and will do well with water five or six times during summer. - -_Melocáctus_, seven species, and are those that are roundish with deep -and many angles, with spines in clusters on the top of the angle. _M. -commùnis_, is the Turk's cap, named from having an ovate conate crown -upon the top, from which proceed the small red flowers. - -_M. macránthus_, has large spines; _M. pyramidàlis_, is a conical -growing species. These require the same treatment as the last. - -_Echinocáctus_, about twenty species; are those that have many deep -angles, and have a remarkable swelling, with each parcel of spines; _E. -gibbòsus_; _E. crispàtus_; _E. recúrvus_; are curious in appearance, -with small white and purple flowers. These three genera in most -collections are not well known specifically, but it is easy to -discriminate which genus they are connected with. - -_Cèreus._ This is the most magnificent genus with regard to the -magnitude and beauty of the flowers, but not so closely allied. It takes -in all those of a trailing or erect growing habit, having spines in -clusters, solitary, or spineless. _C. peruviànus_ and _C. heptagònus_, -grow very erect, and to the height of thirty or forty feet in Peru and -Mexico, where they plant them close together as fences, and they are in -a few years impenetrable. _C. flagellifórmus_ is a well known creeping -free flowering species, has ten angles; will keep in a good Green-house, -and produce in May and June a great number of blooms. The petals are of -a fine pink and red colour; the tube of the flower is long, and will -stand a few days in perfection, when others come out successively for -the space of two months, and during their continuance make a brilliant -appearance. _C. grandiflòrus_ is the celebrated "Night-blooming Cereus." -The flowers are very large, beautiful, and sweet-scented. They begin to -open about sun-down, and are fully expanded about eleven o'clock. The -corolla, or rather calyx, is from seven to ten inches in diameter, the -outside of which is a brown, and the inside a fine straw yellow colour; -the petals are of the purest white, with the stamens surrounding the -stile in the centre of the flower, which add to its lustre, and make it -appear like a bright star. Its scent is agreeable, and perfumes the air -to a considerable distance; but these beauties are of momentary -duration. By sunrise they fade, and hang down quite decayed, and never -open again.[E] One of these ought to be in every collection, and if -trained up a naked wall will not occupy much room, and grow and flower -profusely. They need very little water. C. _speciosíssimus_ has most -beautiful large flowers, about six inches diameter; the outside petals -are a bright scarlet, those of the inside a fine light purple. One -flower lasts a few days, and a large plant will produce every year from -ten to twenty flowers, blooming from May to August. It has flowered in -some of our collections, and is highly esteemed. _C. triangulàris_ has -the largest flower of the _Cacteæ_ family; the bloom is of a cream -colour, and about one foot in diameter. In its indigenous state, it -produces a fine fruit called "Strawberry Pear," and is much esteemed in -the West Indies as being slightly acid, and at the same time sweet, -pleasant, and cooling. It seldom flowers. C. _phyllanthoídes_, once -_Cáctus speciósus_, is one of the most profuse in flowering; the -branches are ensate, compressed, and obovate, without spines; flowers of -a pink colour, about four inches in diameter; the stamens as long as the -corolla, with white anthers. It will keep well in a Green-house or Room. -If in either of the two latter, give water only a few times during -winter. This is becoming a very popular plant. C. _Jenkinsòni_ is a -magnificent hybrid from C. _speciosíssimus_. The flowers are equally as -large, and of a brilliant scarlet colour, with a profusion of pure white -anthers; is greatly admired, and is only in a few collections. C. -_Ackermánni_ is very similar to C. _phyllanthoídes_, flowering equally -as profusely, the colour a bright scarlet, and the scarcest species of -the genus that is worthy of notice. C. _truncàtus_, branches truncated, -flowers deep scarlet and tubular, from two to three inches in diameter; -the stamens protrude from the corolla; the plant is of a dwarf growth -and branched; when in flower it is quite a picture. It is said that -there are free and shy flowering varieties of this species, but we doubt -it; perhaps it is owing to the cultivation and soil. - -[E] They may be preserved if cut off when in perfection, and put in -spirits of wine, in a chrystal vase, made air tight. A plant flowered in -our collection in May 1830, at 12 o'clock at noon--the only instance of -the kind we ever heard of. - -_Opúntias_, about forty species, and are those whose branches are in -joints flatly oblong, or ovate, spines solitary, or in clusters. The -plants are not so desirable for beauty of flower as the species of the -former genus, but many of them are remarkable for their strong grotesque -and spiny appearance; besides several of the species are extensively -cultivated for the Cochineal insect. The one most valued for that -purpose, is _O. cochiníllifera_, which has only small clusters of -bristles upon the oblong ovate joints, and produces small red flowers; -C. _ficus índica_, is also used, but is very spiny. - -_Peréskias._ About four species, and those that are of a shrubby nature -producing leaves; _P. aculeàta_ bears a fruit called -"Barbadoes-gooseberry." The flowers are very small and simple, spines -about half an inch long, leaves fleshy and elliptical. - -The whole of the plants in the family of _Cacteæ_ require very little -water, and delight in a dry warm situation. They do not agree with -frequent repotting; once in two or three years to young plants, and in -five or six to those that are established, with the exception of the -large, free flowering species, which should be repotted once in two -years. - -_Coffèa Arábica._ It produces the celebrated coffee, and is a plant -universally known in our collections, and of easy culture. The leaves -are opposite, oblong, wavy and shining, the flowers white, of a grateful -odour, but of short duration. There is a plant known as C. -_occidentalis_, which is now _Tetramèrium odoratíssimum_. It requires a -great heat to grow well, therefore should be kept in the warmest part of -the Hot-house. The flowers are white, in panicles, and larger than the -common jasmine, and is very sweet-scented; leaves oblong, lanceolate, -accuminate. - -_Callicárpas._ About twelve species, and are generally admitted into -collections, though of no particular interest or beauty, except in the -bright purple berries they produce, which is rarely. The foliage is of a -rugose, hoary appearance. - -_Carolíneas._ About six species of tender plants, with large digitate -leaves, and of handsome growth. The flowers have numerous filaments, and -are large and singular. C. _insígnis_ has the largest and compactest -blossoms; C. _àlba_ is the only one of the genus that has white flowers, -all the others being red; C. _prínceps_ and C. _robústa_ are noble -looking species, and are much esteemed. They require a good heat, with -which they will grow freely. - -_Caryòtas._ A genus of palms. C. _ùrens_ is an admired species, produces -flowers in long pendulous spikes, which are succeeded by strings of -succulent globular berries. In its native state it produces a sweet -liquor in large quantities, and no stronger than water. - -_Coccolòbas_, Sea-side grape. This genus is admired for its beautiful -large foliage, which is oblong ovate, and cordate ovate; C. _pubéscens_ -and C. _latifòlia_ are the finest species. They bear berries in clusters -like the grape, but never come to perfection in artificial cultivation. - -_Cùphea Melvílla_, is the only species of the genus that is particularly -deserving of a situation, has lanceolate scabrous leaves, narrowed at -each end, flowers tubular in a terminale whorl, colour scarlet and -green. The plant must be well drained. It will flower from May to -September. - -_Cròtons._ About twenty-eight species, few of them deserving -cultivation; but the genus is celebrated for its beautiful C. _pìctus_, -leaves oblong-lanceolate, variegated with yellow, and stained with red, -flowers small green, on axillary spikes. C. _variagàtus_, variety -_latifòlia_, is finer than the original _variagàtus_, the nerves in the -leaves are yellow, and the leaves lanceolate, entire and smooth. To make -them grow freely, give the warmest part of the Hot-house, and drain the -pots well. - -_Cérberas._ About twelve species of strong growing trees, full of -poisonous juice. C. _thevètia_ is an elegant plant, with accumulate -leaves, and large, nodding, yellow, solitary, fragrant flowers, -proceeding from the axil; C. _ahoùai_ produces a nut which is deadly -poison. C. _odàllam_, once C. _mànghas_, has large star-like flowers, -white, shaded with red. They are principally East India plants, and -require great heat. - -_Cycas_, four species, generally called _Sago palm_, as an English name. -The plant that _Sago_ is extracted from, belongs to another genus, (see -_Sàgus_.) C. _revolùta_ is a well known palm, and will keep perfectly -well in the Green-house. We have seen a beautiful specimen of it which -is kept every winter in the cellar, but those that are kept so cool in -winter only grow every alternate year, while those that are kept in the -Hot-house grow every year, which shows that heat is their element. C. -_circinàlis_ is a large growing species; the fronds are much longer, but -not so close and thick. C. _glaùca_ is a fine species; the foliage is -slightly glaucous. They require plenty of pot room, are much infested -with the small white scaly insect, and ought to be frequently examined -and carefully washed as prescribed in January. - -_Combrètums._ Nine species of beautiful flowering climbing plants, -standing in very high estimation. The leaves of the principal part of -them are ovate, acute, flowers small but on large branches, the flowers -all coming out on one side of the branch. They have a magnificent -effect. _C. èlegans_, red; _C. formòsum_, red and yellow; _C. -pulchéllum_, scarlet; _C. comòsum_ has crimson flowers in tufts; _C. -purpùreum_ is the most splendid of the genus. It was first cultivated in -1818, and so much admired, that the whole of the species as soon as -introduced, was extravagantly bought up, and none of them has retained -their character, except _C. purpùreum_, which is now called _Poívrea -coccínea_. The flowers are bright scarlet, in large branches, blooming -profusely from April to September, and flower best in a pot. When -planted in the ground it grows too much to wood, carrying few flowers. -This plant ought to be in every Hot-house. - -_Cràssula._ This genus has no plants in it attractive in beauty. Several -beautiful plants in our collections belong to _Ròchea_ and -_Kalosánthus_. There is a strong growing succulent plant, known in our -collections as _C. falcàta_, which is _R. falcàta_. It seldom flowers; -the minor variety blooms profusely every year from May to August, and -has showy scarlet flowers in terminale panicles. The plants known as _C. -coccínea_ and _C. versícolor_ are now given to the genus _Kalosánthus_. -The flowers of the former are like scarlet wax, terminale and sessile; -_K. odoratíssima_ has yellow terminale sweet-scented flowers. They -require very little water, only a few times in winter, and about twice a -week in summer; they are all desirable plants. - -_Córyphas_, (Large fan Palm,) five species of the most noble and -magnificent of palms. _C. ambraculífera_, the fronds or leaves are -palmate; in Ceylon, where the tree is indigenous, they are frequently -found fifteen feet wide and twenty feet long. Knox says they will cover -from fifteen to twenty men, and when dried will fold up in the shape of -a rod, and can be easily carried about, and serve to protect them from -the scorching sun. _C. talièra_, now _Talièra bengalénsis_, being -stronger, is of great utility for covering houses. They do not grow to -such immense extent in artificial cultivation, but require large houses -to grow them. - -_Crìnums_, about one hundred species, chiefly stove bulbs, many of them -beautiful. Those that are of great celebrity are _C. cruéntum_, colour -red; _C. scàbrum_, crimson and white; _C. amàbile_, purple and white; -the neck of the bulb of the latter is long and easily distinguished from -its purplish colour, and is considered the finest of the genus. Several -specimens of it are in our collections. Their flowers are in umbels, on -a stalk from one to three feet high; corolla funnel shaped; petals -recurved. They require large pots to make them flower well, and when -growing to be liberally supplied with water. - -_Cyrtànthus_, a genus of Cape bulbs, containing nine species, and will -do very well in the Green-house, but we find the assistance of the -Hot-house a great advantage. They are closely allied to _Crìnum_. The -tubes of the flowers are long and round, with various shades of orange, -yellow, red, and green. _C. odòrus_, _C. striátus_, _C. oblíquus_, and -_C. vittàtus_, are the finest. When the bulbs are dormant, which will be -from October to January, they should not get any water; before they -begin to grow, turn the bulb out of the old earth, repotting it -immediately. At this time they should be potted with the balls of earth -entire, which will cause them to flower stronger. - -_Caryophyllus aromáticus_, is the only species, and the tree that -produces cloves. The whole plant is aromatic, and closely allied to -_Myrtus_; the flowers are in loose panicles, the leaves oblong, -accuminate, entire. It is a fine evergreen. Pots must be well drained. - -_Dillènias_, three species of fine plants, with beautiful foliage. _D. -speciòsa_ has produced considerable excitement in our collections. The -leaves are elliptic, oblong, simply serrated, nerves deep; the flower is -white, with five bold petals, centre filled with barren anthers; it has -not been known to flower in America. _D. scándens_ has ovate, simply -serrated leaves, but is not known as to flower; it is a fine climber. - -_Dracænas_, Dragon-tree, about twelve species of Asiatic plants, varied -in character. _D. férrea_ is plentiful in our collections, and will keep -in the Green-house; but the foliage is not so well retained as when kept -in the Hot-house; the leaves are lanceolate, acute, of a dark purple -colour. _D. fràgrans_, when in bloom, will scent the air for a -considerable distance, leaves green and lanceolate. _D. marginàta_ is -rare, yet it is to be seen in a few of our collections. _D. strícta_ is -now _Charlwòodia_[F] _strícta_, flowers blush and in loose panicles. _D. -Dráco_ is admired, and the most conspicuous of the genus. - -[F] In honour of Mr. Charlwood, an extensive seedsman of London, who has -made several botanical excursions on this continent. - -_Eránthemums_, about ten species. _E. pulchéllum_ and _E. bícolor_ are -the finest of the genus; the former is in our collections, but miserably -treated. The soil in which it is grown is too stiff and loamy, and it -seldom gets enough of heat. The latter is indispensable to make it -flower in perfection; therefore it should have the warmest part of the -house, and it will produce flowers of a fine blue colour from January to -September. The flowers of the latter are white and dark purple, with a -few brown spots in the white; blooms from April to August. Drain the -pots well, and give the plants little sun during summer. - -_Eugènias_, about thirty species, esteemed for their handsome evergreen -foliage. This genus once contained a few celebrated species, which have -been divided. (See _Jambòsa_.) The Allspice tree, known as _Myrtus -Piménta_, is now _E. Piménta_; the leaves are ovate, lanceolate, and -when broken have an agreeable scent. There are several varieties all of -the same spicy fragrance. The plant is in very few of our collections. -_E. fràgrans_ is sweet scented; the flowers are on axillary peduncles; -leaves ovate, obtuse. - -_Euphórbia_ (spurg), a genus of plants disseminated over every quarter -of the globe; a few are beautiful, many grotesque, and several the most -worthless weeds on the earth. There are about two hundred species, and -from all of them, when probed, a thick milky fluid exudes. Those of the -tropics are the most curious, and very similar in appearance to -_Cáctus_, but easily detected by the above perforation. There is a -magnificent species in our collections, which was lately introduced from -Mexico.[G] It goes under the name of _E. heterophylla_. The flowers of -the whole genus are apetalous, and the beauty is in the bracteæ; of the -species alluded to the bracteæ is bright crimson, very persistent, and -above six inches in diameter, when well grown. The plant requires a -strong heat, or the foliage will become yellow and fall off. We question -whether this species is nondescript or as above. It is a brilliant -ornament to the Hot-house three fourths of the year, and always during -winter, and should have a situation in every tropical collection. - -[G] By Poinsett the American Consul for Mexico in 1828. - -_Erythrìnas_ (Coral tree), a genus containing about thirty species of -leguminose, scarlet-flowering plants. Several species are greatly -esteemed for their beauty and profusion of flowers, which in well -established plants are produced in long spikes at the end of the stems -and branches. _E. Corallodéndrum_ blooms magnificently in the West -Indies, but in our collections has never flowered. Perhaps if it was -kept dry during its dormant season, which is from November to January, -and when growing greatly encouraged, it might produce flowers. _E. -speciòsa_ is a splendid flowerer, leaves large, ternated, and prickly -beneath; stem prickly. _E. pubéscens_ is valued for its large peculiar -brown pubescent leaves. - -In regard to _E. herbàcea_, which is a native of the Carolinas, and -frequently treated as a Hot-house plant, it is our opinion that it would -be more perfectly grown if planted about the first of this month in the -garden; and when growing, if well supplied with water, it would flower -from July to September. About the first of November lift the roots and -preserve them in half dry earth, in the same place with the _Dáhlias_. -_E. laurifòlia_ and _E. crísta-gálli_ are likewise often treated as -Hot-house plants, and in such situations they cast prematurely their -first flowers, by the confined state of the air. They will keep in -perfect preservation during winter in a dry cellar, half covered with -earth, or entirely covered with half dry earth; consequently, the best -and easiest method of treatment, is to plant them in the garden about -the first of May, and when growing, if the ground becomes dry, give them -frequent waterings. They will flower profusely three or four times in -the course of summer. - -We freely recommend the last species to all our patrons, confident that -it will give ample satisfaction, both in profusion of flower and beauty -of colour. The soil they are to be planted into should be according to -that prescribed in the list; or if they are kept in pots, they must be -enlarged three or four times, when they are in a growing state, to make -them flower perfectly; otherwise they will be diminutive. - -_Fìcus_, Fig-tree, a genus containing above fifty Hot-house species, -besides several that belong to the Green-house; greatly admired for the -beauty of their foliage. A few of them are deciduous, and all of the -easiest culture. We have seen plants of _F. elástica_ hung in the back -of the Hot-house, without the smallest particle of earth, their only -support being sprinklings of water every day. _F. Brássii_ is the finest -looking species that has come under our observation; the leaves are very -large, shining, cordate, accuminate; nerves strong and white. As the -beauty of these plants is entirely in the foliage and habit, we will -select the best of them in the list to which we refer. - -_Gærtnèra racemòsa_, is a large climbing woody shrub, with pinnated -leaves, leaflets ovate, lanceolate, flowers white, five petaled, -beautifully fringed; blooms in dense panicles. When the plants are -allowed to climb, they do not flower freely; but if closely cut in, they -will flower every year in great profusion, after the plants are well -established. It is now called _Hiptàge Madablòta_. - -_Geissomèria longiflòra._ This is a new genus, and closely allied to -_Ruéllia_. The species alluded to, is a free flowerer, blooming from May -to August, in close spikes of a scarlet colour; leaves opposite, ovate, -elongate, and shining; the plants must be well drained, and in summer -kept from the direct influence of the sun. - -_Gardènias_, a genus containing about seventeen species, several of them -very popular in our collections, going under the name of _Cape Jasmine_, -which do well in the Green-house, (see _May_.) The species requiring -this department, and deserving attention, are _G. campanulàta_, of a -soft woody nature, with ovate, accuminate leaves; flowers of a straw -colour, and solitary; _G. am[oe]na_, the flowers are white, tinged with -crimson, terminale and solitary; _G. costàta_, admired for its beautiful -ribbed foliage, _G. lùcida_ has a handsome, ovate, accuminate, shining -foliage; flowers white and solitary. They require to have the pots well -drained. - -_Heritièra littóralis_, Looking-glass plant. This plant is unisexual, -has beautiful large, ovate, veiny leaves; the flowers are small, red, -with male and female on the same plant, but different flowers. It -requires a strong heat, and plenty of pot room. How the English name -becomes applicable to it, we are not acquainted. - -_Hibíscus._ This genus affords many fine species and varieties of -plants for the Hot-house, besides others for every department of the -garden. The most popular in our collections for the Hot-house, is _H. -Ròsa sinénsis_, with its varieties, which are magnificent, and flower -profusely, from April to September. The single or original species is -seldom seen in cultivation; the varieties are _H. Ròsa sinénsis rùbro -plénus_, double red; _H. R. S. cárnea plènus_, double salmon; _H. R. S. -variegàtus_, double striped; _H. R. S. flávo-plènus_, double buff; _H. -R. S. lùtea plènus_, double yellow, or rather sulphur. The plants grow -freely, and produce their flowers three or four inches of diameter, from -the young wood; the leaves are ovate, accuminate, smooth, entire at the -base and coarsely toothed at the end. All the varieties are of the same -character, and highly deserving of a situation in every collection. -There is said to be a double white variety, which we doubt; it is not in -artificial cultivation. _H. mutàbilis flòre plèno_ is a splendid plant -of strong growth, and will, when well established, flower abundantly, if -the wood of last year is cut to within a few eyes of the wood of the -previous year; the flowers are produced on the young wood, and come out -a pale colour, and change to bright red, and about the size of a garden -Provins rose; leaves downy, cordate, angular, five-lobed, accuminate, -and slightly toothed. _H. lilliiflòrus_, is a new highly esteemed -species; the flowers are various in colour, being pink, blush, red, -purple, and striped. We have not seen it in flower, but had its -character verbally, from a respectable cultivator. The leaves vary in -character, but are generally cordate, crenate, accuminate; the petioles -are brown, and the whole slightly hirsute; is deciduous, and requires to -be kept in the warmest part of the house. - -_Hóyas_, Wax-plant, seven species. All of them are climbing succulents, -requiring plenty of heat and little water. _H. carnòsa_ is the finest -flowering species of the genus, and known in our collections as the wax -plant; the leaves are green and fleshy; the flowers are mellifluous, -five parted, and in pendulous bunches, slightly bearded, and have every -appearance of a composition of the finest wax; of a blush colour. _H. -crassifòlia_ has the best looking foliage, and the flowers are white. -The former will keep in the Green-house, but will not flower so -profusely. - -_Hernándias_, Jack-in-a-box. The species are rare, except _H. sonòra_, -which is an elegant looking plant, when well grown; the leaves are -peltate, cordate, accuminate, smooth; flowers white, and in panicles; -the fruit a nut. The English name is said to have been given, in -allusion to the small flowers and large leaves of the plant. A great -heat is required to grow it well. - -_Ipomæas_, a genus of tropical climbing plants, nearly allied to -_Convolvúlus_, but of greater beauty. _I. paniculàta_ has large purple -flowers in panicles, with large palmated smooth leaves. _I. Jálapa_ is -the true jalap of the druggists, but not worthy of any other remark. _I. -grandiflòra_, large white flowers, with acute petals; leaves large, -cordate, ovate. _I. pulchélla_ has flowers of a handsome violet colour. -They are all easily cultivated. It is said that _I. tuberòsa_ is much -used in the West Indies to cover arbours, and will grow three hundred -feet in one season; the flowers are purple striped with yellow, leaves -palmated. We are not certain but the roots of this kind may be kept like -the sweet potato, and become a useful ornament to our gardens. - -_Ixòras_, a genus of fine flowering plants, and does extremely well in -our collections in comparison to the state they are grown in England. -The genus specifically is much confused amongst us, either from error -originating with those who packed them for this country, or after they -have arrived. _I. purpùrea_, leaves oblong, ovate, blunt; flowers -crimson; it is now called _I. obavàta_. _I. crocàta_, leaves oval, -lanceolate, narrowing towards the stem, smooth, underside of the leaf -the nerves are very perceptible; flowers saffron coloured. _I. ròsea_, -leaves large, regular, oblong, a little acute, very distant on the wood, -centre nerve strong; flowers rose coloured in large corymbs, branching: -_I. Bandhùca_, leaves very close to the stem, ovate, accuminate; nerves -straight, middle nerve stronger than any other of the genus; flowers -scarlet, corymbs crowded. _I. Blánda_, leaves small, lanceolate, ovate; -flowers blush, cymes branching in three. _I. dichotìma_, leaves largest -of the genus, ovate, accuminate, undulate, footstalk 3/8 of an inch -long; whereas none of the leaves of the other species has footstalks of -any length. It is now called _I. undulàta_, flowers are white. _I. -grandiflòra_, leaves ovate, elongate, sessile; flowers in crowded -corymbs, and scarlet; is called, _I. coccínea_ in the Botanical -Magazine, by which it is known in our collections, and is the same as -_I. strícta_. _I. flámmea_ and _I. speciòsa_, leaves oblong, subsessile; -flowers scarlet, in round spreading dense corymbs. _I. fúlgens_, same as -_I. longifòlia_ and _I. lanceolàta_; foliage glossy; flowers scarlet. -_I. Pavétta_, the flowers are white, and said to be sweet-scented, the -leaves of all the species are opposite; there are a few other species -that we are not thoroughly acquainted with, but have been thus explicit -to prevent error as far as possible in this beautiful genus. They are -all evergreen, low growing shrubs; the plants grow best in Jersey black -sandy earth, but flower most abundantly with half loam. - -_Jacarándas_, a genus of beautiful shrubs, containing five species, with -_Bignônia_-like blue or purple flowers. _I. mimòsifolia_ and _I. -filicifòlia_ are the finest. The former has blue, and the latter purple -flowers; in loose branching panicles. They are evergreen, and easy of -culture. - -_Jambòsas_, about twelve species, which have been principally taken from -_Eugènia_, and contain its finest plants, and is a splendid genus of -evergreen shrubs. _E. Jámbos_ is now _Jambòsa vulgàris_, which flowers -and fruits freely in our Hot-houses. The fruit is about an inch in -diameter, eatable, and smelling like a rose, hence called "Rose Apple." -The petals of all the species are simple, and may rather be considered -the calyx; the beauty of the flowers is in the many erect spreading -stamens, either straw, white, rose, or green colour. _J. malaccénsis_, -Malay Apple, is greatly esteemed for the delightful fragrance of its -fruit. We frequently see _J. purpuráscens_, which is a native of the -West Indies, going under _J. m._ which is an Asiatic species, with white -flowers and entire oblong leaves; whereas the leaves of _J. p._ are -small, ovate, accuminate, young shoots and leaves purple. _J. -macrophylla_, white, and _J. amplexicaùlis_, green, have very large -oblong, lanceolate leaves, and is of a strong woody habit. They are all -easy of culture. - -_Jasmìnum_, Jasmine, is a favourite genus of shrubs, for the exquisite -fragrance of its flowers, of which none are more delightful than _J. -Sàmbac_ or Arabian Jasmine. There are two other varieties of it, _J. S. -múltiplex_, semi-double; and _J. S. trifòliatum_, Double Tuscan Jasmine. -The latter requires a great heat to make it grow and flower freely. We -suspect there is another variety in cultivation. _J. hirsùtum_ has -cordate downy leaves; flowers many, in terminale, sessile umbels. _J. -paniculàtum_, white, flowering in terminale panicles from March to -November; leaves smooth, oval, obtusely accuminate; _plant scarce_. _J. -simplicifòlium_ is in our collections under the name of _J. lucidum_; -plant spreading; leaves oblong and shining. There are several other -species, all with white flowers, and generally easy of culture. - -_Játropha_, Physic-nut, is a genus of six strong growing shrubs, natives -of the West Indies. _J. multifida_ and _I. panduræfòlia_ have the -handsomest foliage, and both have scarlet flowers; the appearance of the -foliage of this genus is the only object; the flowers are small, in -coarse disfigured panicles, and several of the species have not been -known to flower in artificial cultivation. The seeds of _J. cúrcas_ are -often received from the West Indies; the leaves are cordate, angular, -and smooth. _J. manihot_, now _Manihot cannabìna_, is the Cassada root, -the juice of which, when expressed, is a strong poison. They are all -easy of culture: want of strong heat in winter will make them cast their -leaves, but do them no other injury. - -_Justícia._ A few species of this genus are fine showy hot-house plants. -_J. coccínea_ has large terminale spikes of scarlet flowers, blooming -from December to March, and a very desirable plant, of easy culture, and -should be in every collection; it is apt to grow spindly, if not kept -near the glass. _I. picta_, with its varieties; _I. lúcida_ and _I. -formósa_, are fine shrubby species. _I. speciòsa_ is a beautiful purple -flowering herbaceous plant. - -_Kæmpfèria_, an Asiatic genus of tuberose rooted plants; none of them in -our collections, except _K. rotúnda_; the flowers come up a few inches -above the pot, without the leaves, in April and May and frequently -sooner; they are purple and light blue, partially streaked and spotted; -leaves large, oblong, purplish coloured beneath. The roots when dormant -ought to be kept in the pot without watering, otherwise they will not -flower freely. No bulbs or strong tuberose rooted plants, will flower in -perfection if kept moist when they are not growing. - -_Lantàna_, a genus of twenty species, all free flowering shrubs; the -flowers are small, in round heads blooming from the axils, in yellow, -orange, pink, white, and changeable colours; the plants are of such a -rough straggling growth, that they are not esteemed. There are four or -five species in our collections. They will not bear a strong fumigation; -therefore, when the Hot-house is under that operation, they must be set -down in the pathway, or other low part in the house. - -_Latànias._ This genus contains three species of handsome palms. _L. -borbònica_ is one of the finest of the _Palmæ_, not growing to great -magnitude; the leaves or fronds are plaited flabelliform, leaflets -smooth at the edge, footstalk spiny, and the plant spreading. _L. -rùbra_, fronds same as the former, but leaflets more divided and -serrulate; footstalk unarmed; foliage reddish. _L. glaucophylla_, same -as _L. rùbra_, only the foliage glaucous. They are all valuable plants, -and are obtained by seed from the East Indies. They require plenty of -pot room. - -_Laúrus._ This genus, though of no beauty in flower, is generally -admired in collections for its fine evergreen foliage, and aromatic or -spicy flavour, and several trees are important in medicine. The most -esteemed are given to a genus named _Cinnamòmum_, as has been observed -in the Green-house, (see _March_.) _L. Chloróxylon_ is the Cogwood of -Jamaica. _L. Pérsea_ is now _Pérsea gratíssima_, Alligator-pear, a fruit -about the size of a large pear, and greatly esteemed in the West Indies. -The plant is generally known in our collections. _C. vérum_ is the true -Cinnamon of commerce. - -The part taken is the inside of the bark when the tree is from five to -eighteen years old. The leaves are three-nerved, ovate, oblong; nerves -vanishing towards the point, bright green above, pale beneath, with -whitish veins. This plant ought to be kept in the warmest part of the -Hot-house. C. _cássia_, is frequently given under the former name, but -when compared may be easily detected by the leaves being more -lanceolate, and a little pubescent. They both make handsome plants, but -require great heat. Drain the pots well of the delicate sorts. - -_Magnífera_, Mango tree. There are two species. _M. índica_ is in our -collections, and bears a fruit which is so highly esteemed in the East -Indies, as to be considered preferable to any other except very fine -pine apples. The leaves are lanceolate, and from six to eight inches -long, and two or more broad. The flowers are produced in loose bunches -at the end of the branches, but of no beauty, and have to be -artificially impregnated, or it will scarcely produce fruit. The shell -is kidney-shaped, and of a leathery, crustaceous substance. They contain -one seed, and in their indigenous state are more juicy than an apple. -Drain the pots well, as the roots are apt to get sodden from moisture. -The other species goes under the name of _oppositifòlia_, but we -question if it is not only a variety, for it has every character of the -one just described. - -_Melàstoma_, was once an extensive genus, on which the natural order -_Melastomaceæ_ is founded; but is now much divided into other genera -contained in the natural tribe _Micomeæ_. There are about thirteen -species remaining in the genus. They now display great unity of -character, and many of them may be considered very ornamental. The -finest are _M. malabáthrica_, rose-coloured; _M. sanguínea_, lilac; _M. -decémfida_, purple; _M. pulverulénta_, red; and _M. áspera_, rose. There -is a plant in several of our collections known as _M. purpùrea_ and _M. -tetragòna_, which is _Ossæa purpuráscens_; leaves ovate, lanceolate, -accuminate, five-nerved, pilose; the footstalk and nerves underside of -the leaf covered with brown hairs; stem four-sided; flowers purple. All -the species are easy of culture. _M. nepalénsis_ is a Green-house plant. - -_Malpíghia_, (Barbadoes-cherry,) about eighteen species, all beautiful -evergreen trees or shrubs. They are easily distinguished by having -bristles on the under side of the leaves. These bristles are fixed by -the centre, so that either end of it will sting. We are not aware of any -other plant being defended in the manner. _M. ùrens_ has oblong ovate -leaves with decumbent stiff bristles; flowers pink. _M. aquifòlia_ has -lanceolate, stiff, spiny leaves, and we think the most beautiful foliage -of the genus. _M. fucàta_ has elliptical shining leaves, with lilac -flowers. _M. glábra_, leaves ovate, entire, smooth; flowers purple. They -all have five rounded clawed petals. The last species is cultivated in -the West Indies for its fruit. The pots must be well drained. - -_Márica_, a genus of Hot-house plants, closely allied to Iris, between -which there is no distinction in the leaves. The flowers of _M. cærùlea_ -are beautifully spotted with light and dark blue, the scape many -flowered. M. _Sabìni_ has flowers similar, but not so dark in colour. -M. _Northiàna_ has splendid white and brown spotted flowers, spathe two -flowered. These plants when growing require a liberal supply of water, -and to be greatly encouraged by frequent potting to flower well. - -_Mùsa_ (Plantain-tree), contains eight species, and is greatly esteemed -in the East and West Indies for the luscious sweet flavour of its fruit, -which can be converted into every delicacy in the domestic cookery of -the country. M. _paradisìæa_ is the true plantain tree, has a soft -herbaceous stalk, 15 or 20 feet high, with leaves from 5 to 7 feet long, -and about 2 feet wide. M. _sapiéntum_ is the true Banana-tree; habit and -character same as the former, except it has a spotted stem, and the male -flowers are deciduous. The pulp of the fruit is softer, and the taste -more luscious. M. _rosàcea_, M. _coccínea_, and M. _chinènsis_, are most -esteemed in artificial cultivation for their flowers, and being smaller -in growth. They all require a very liberal supply of water when growing. -They do best to be planted in the soil, where there can be a small -corner of the Hot-house set apart for the purpose. They will be -ornamental, but if kept in pots they will never attain any degree of -perfection. - -_Nepénthes_ (Pitcher plant). There are two species of this plant. _N. -distillatòria_ is an esteemed and valuable plant in European -collections. The leaves are lanceolate and sessile; from their extremity -there is a spiral, attached to which are lublar inflated appendages that -are generally filled with water, which appears to be confined within -them by a lid, with which the appendages are surmounted; hence the name -of pitcher plant. We have never observed these lids close again when -once open. Writers have called it a herbaceous plant, but it is properly -a shrub, never dying to the ground, having a continuation of extension. -The pot in which it grows should be covered with moss, and the roots -liberally supplied with water every day. It delights to be in a marshy -state. The flowers are small and in long spikes. - -_Pancràtium_ is a genus of Hot-house bulbs, and now only contains five -species. They are all free-flowering. Several of them are handsome and -fragrant. P. _Marítimum_ and P. _verecúndum_ are the finest; the flowers -are white, in large umbels; petals long, recurved, and undulate. P. -_littoràlis_, P. _speciòsum_, and P. _caribæum_, are now given to the -genus _Hymenocállis_, and are fine flowering species. Care must be taken -not to give them much water while dormant. The soil ought at that time -to be in a half dry state. They are in flower from May to August. - -_Polyspòra axillàris_, once called _Caméllia axillàris_, though in -appearance it has no characteristic of a _Caméllia_, and has been -frequently killed in the Green-house by being too cold for its nature; -leaves oblong, obovate, towards the extremity serrulate. The leaves on -the young wood are entire. Flowers white; petals a little notched. It is -worthy of a situation in every collection. - -_Passiflòra_, "Passion-Flower, so named on account of its being supposed -to represent in the appendages of its flower the Passion of Jesus -Christ." There are about fifty species, all climbing plants, that -belong to the Hot-house. Many are of no ordinary beauty; a few species -are odoriferous; others bear edible fruits, though not rich in flavour. -P. _alàta_ is in our collections, and greatly admired; the flowers are -red, blue, and white, beautifully contrasted, and flower profusely in -pots. P. _racemòsa_, has red flowers, and one of the most profuse in -flowering. P. _cærùleo-racemòsa_, purple and red, and by many thought to -be the finest of the genus. P. _quadrangulàris_ has beautiful red and -white flowers. The plant is in several collections, but has seldom -flowered; it requires to be planted in the ground to make it flower -freely, and it will also produce fruit. P. _filamentòsa_ is white and -blue, and a good flowerer. P. _picturàta_ is a scarce and beautiful -variously coloured species. There are many other fine species, but these -are the most esteemed sorts; and when well established will flower -profusely from May to August. They are desirable in every collection, -and will take only a small space to hold them, by training the vines up -the rafters of the Hot-house. - -_Pandànus_, Screw Pine. There are above twenty species in this genus, -several of them very interesting, but none so greatly admired as P. -_odoratíssimus_. The leaves in established plants are from four to six -feet long, on the back and edges spiny; are spreading, imbricated, and -embracing the stem, and placed in three spiral rows upon it. The top -soon becomes heavy when the plant throws out prongs one, two, or three -feet up the stem in an oblique descending direction, which take root in -the ground, and thus become perfectly supported. It is cultivated in -Japan for its delightful fragrance, and it is said, "of all the -perfumes, it is by far the richest and most powerful." P. _ùtilis_, red -spined. We question this species, and are inclined to believe that it is -the former, only when the plants are newly raised from seed, the spines -and leaves are red, changing to green as they become advanced in age. -The plants are easy of culture, and will grow almost in any soil. - -_Pterospérmum_, five species of plants that have very curiously -constructed flowers, of a white colour, and fragrant; the foliage is of -a brown rusty nature, and before expansion silvery-like. P. -_suberifòlium_ is in several of our collections, and esteemed. P. -_semisagittàtum_ has fringed bractæa; leaves oblong, accuminate, entire, -sagittate on one side. - -_Plumèrias_, above twenty species. Plants of a slow growth, robust -nature, and are deciduous. The foliage is greatly admired. The plants -are shy to flower, but are brilliant in colour. P. _acuminàta_, has -lanceolate, acute leaves; flowers corymbose and terminale. P. _trícolor_ -has oblong, acute, veiny leaves; corolla red, yellow, and white. This -and P. _rùbra_ are the finest of the genus. They ought not to get any -water while not in a growing state. - -_Ph[oe]nix_, Date-palm, about eight species, principally Asiatic plants. -The foliage is not so attractive as many others of the palm family, but -it is rendered interesting by producing a well known fruit called Date. -P. _dactylífera_ will do very well in a common Green-house. In Arabia, -Upper Egypt, and Barbary, it is much used in domestic economy. P. -_paludósa_ has the most beautiful foliage, and the best habit. The -flowers are di[oe]cious. - -_Roscòea._ A genus of about five species, all pretty, but not much -known. _R. purpùrea_ has been introduced into our collections, and is -the finest of the genus. The flowers are light purple, large, and in -terminale sheaths at the top of the stem. _R. spicàta_ and _R. capitàta_ -are both fine species, with blue flowers. They are all herbaceous, with -strong half tuberous roots, requiring little water while dormant, and a -liberal supply when growing. - -_Ruéllia._ There are a few species, very pretty free flowering plants, -of easy culture. _R. formòsa_, flowers long, of a fine scarlet colour; -plant half shrubby. _R. fulgída_ has bright scarlet flowers on axillary -long stalked fascicles. _R. persicifòlia_, with unequal leaves, and -light blue flowers, is now called _R. anisophylla_; and the true one has -oblong, wavy, leaves, deeply nerved, petioles long; flowers yellow, -sessile, in axillary and terminale heads, stem erect. One healthy plant -will be frequently in flower from January to June. This species ought to -be in every collection, both for its beauty of flower and foliage. - -_Rhápis_, a genus of palms, that will grow very freely with heat, and -room at the roots. _R. flabellifórmis_ is an erect growing palm, with a -spreading head. It is a native of China. - -_Thunbérgia_, a genus containing six climbing plants, of a half shrubby -nature. Some of them have a fragrant odour. _T. coccínea_, red; _T. -grandiflòra_, blue; _T. fràgrans_, sweet-scented; _T. alàta_, has -pretty buff and purple flowers, which are in great profusion. We are not -certain but the latter will make a beautiful annual in the -Flower-garden. It seeds freely, and from the time of sowing until -flowering is about two months, if the heat is brisk. If sown in May, -they will bloom from July until killed by frost. - -_Sàgus_, Sago-palm. We are of opinion that the true palm from which the -sago of the shops is produced, has not been introduced into our -collections. It is very rare in the most extensive collections of -Europe, but is not so fine as the one we have under the Sago, which is -placed in the natural order of _Cycadeæ_; and Sagus is in that of -_Palmæ_. The finest of this genus is _S. vinífera_ and _S. Rúmphii_. -They grow to a great height; even in artificial cultivation they may be -seen from ten to twenty-five feet. We have not introduced them here for -their beauty, but to prevent error. - -_Solándra_, a genus of four species, remarkable for the extraordinary -size of their flowers, and are considered beautiful. _S. grandiflòra_ -and _S. viridiflòra_ are the two best. The plants will bloom best if -they are restricted in pot room, and are only introduced as being worthy -of cultivation. If they are repotted once in two or three years, it is -sufficient, except where the plants are small and want encouragement. - -_Strophánthus_, a small genus of beautiful tropical shrubs. The segments -of the corolla are curiously twisted before expansion. _S. divérgens_ is -a neat spreading shrub, with yellow flowers, a little tinged with red; -the petals are about four inches long, undulate, lanceolate. _S. -dichótomus_ is rose coloured, corolla funnel shaped. The plants will -flower freely in a strong moist heat. Drain the pots well. - -_Swietènia_ (mahogany-tree), the wood of which is celebrated in -cabinet-work. _S. Mahógoni_, common. This tree varies much in general -appearance according to soil and situation. The leaves are pinnated in -four pairs; leaflets ovate, lanceolate; flowers small, white, in -axillary panicles. _S. fubrifùga_, leaves pinnated, in four pairs; -leaflets elliptical; flowers white, in terminale panicles. The wood of -the last is the most durable of any in the East Indies. They are fine -plants, and require heat and pot room to produce flowers. - -_Tecòma_, a genus of plants closely allied to _Bignònia_, and are -free-flowering; several of them much esteemed. _T. móllis_, _T. -digitàta_, and _T. splèndida_, are the most beautiful of those that -belong to the Hot-house. They have large orange coloured, tubular, -inflated, ringent flowers, in loose panicles. There is a plant known in -our collections as _Bignònia stáns_, which is now _T. stàns_; has -pinnated leaves, with oblong, lanceolate, serrated, leaflets; flowers in -simple terminale, raceme, and of a yellow colour, and sometimes known by -Ash-leaved _Bignònia_. It will always have a sickly aspect, if not well -encouraged in light rich soil. Drain the pots well, as much moisture -disfigures the foliage. - -_Tabernæmontána_, a genus of little beauty, except for one or two -species. A plant known in some collections as _Nèrium coronàrium_, is -now, and properly, _T. coronària_. The variety, _flòre plèno_, is the -one most deserving of culture, and will flower profusely from May to -August; the flowers are double white, fragrant, and divaricating. The -plant will lose its foliage if not kept in a strong heat; therefore -place it in the warmest part of the Hot-house. _T. densiflòra_ is a fine -species, but very rare. Drain all the plants well, and keep them in the -shade during summer. - -_Thrinax parviflòra_, is a fine dwarf palm of the West Indies, with -palmated fronds, plaited with stiff, lanceolate segments. The plant is -of easy cultivation, and will grow in any soil. - -_Zàmia_, a genus of plants in the natural order of _Cycadeæ_. Several -species of them are admired. _Z. média_, _Z. furfuràcea_, _Z. ténuis_, -_Z. integrifòlia_, are the most showy that belong to the Hot-house. The -whole genus is frequently kept in this department. They are all plants -of a slow growth, and the beauty is entirely in the pinnated fronds, -with from ten to forty pairs of leaflets. The pots must be well drained. - -Those genera of plants which we have enumerated under the head of -repotting in this or next month, are composed of the finest Hot-house -plants that have come under our observation. There are perhaps a few of -them that are not to be found in the United States, or even on our -continent; but the great object, in a choice collection of plants, is to -have the finest from all parts of the known world. There are many plants -whose nature does not require much support from soil, which is -frequently observed in those that are mentioned. And there are many -hundreds of plants desirable for beauty, ornament, and curiosity, which -are not specified, our limits not permitting such an extended detail. -Those whose nature agrees better with repotting at other periods, shall -be noticed, especially those that are in the collections of the country. -We have previously observed, that plants ought not to be flooded with -water when newly potted, as it saturates the soil before the roots have -taken hold of it; and that the best draining for pots is small gravel or -potshreds broken fine. We wish it to be understood that when plants are -repotted, any irregular branch or shoot should be lopped off, that -cannot be tied in to advantage. And repotting may take place either -before or after the plants are exposed to the open air, according to -convenience. - - -OF BRINGING OUT THE HOT-HOUSE PLANTS. - -Where the Hot-house is very crowded with plants, the best method to have -them exposed without danger is, to take out those of the hardiest nature -first, that have no tender shoots upon them, thereby thinning the house -gradually. This may be done from the 16th to the 20th of the month, -which will admit of a free circulation of air amongst those that remain. -All may be exposed from the 24th to the 28th of the month. This is a -general rule, though in some seasons there maybe exceptions. Having -previously given all the air possible to the house, that no sudden -transition take place, which would make the foliage brown, and otherwise -materially injure the plants, choose calm days for the removing of them. - -There are few plants while in pots that agree with the full sun upon -them; or if the plants receive the sun, the pots and roots ought not. -The best situation for them is on the north side of a fence, wall, -house, or other building, where they are excluded from the mid-day sun, -and they should stand on boards or gravel, with the tallest at the back, -firmly, tied to a rail or some other security, to prevent them from -being overturned by high winds. A stage erected, where it is -practicable, for the reception of the smaller plants, and they set -thinly and regularly thereon, is preferable to crowding them with the -taller sorts. And it may be desired to have some of the plants plunged -in the garden through the flower borders. Of those that are so treated, -the pots must be plunged to the brim, and regularly turned round every -two weeks, to prevent the roots from running into the earth. If the -roots were allowed to do so, it might for the present strengthen the -plant, but ultimately would prove injurious. - -Where a sufficiency of shade cannot be obtained, it would be advisable -to go to the expense of a very thin awning, that would not exclude the -light, but merely the powerful rays of the sun, attending to roll it up -every evening. Plants will keep in beautiful order by the above method, -which amply repays for the trouble or expense. Avoid putting plants -under trees; comparatively few thrive in such situations. - -When they are thus all exposed to the open air, it will be very little -trouble to give them a gentle syringing every evening when there is no -rain, and continue your usual examinations for insects: when they appear -resort to the prescribed remedies. _Green-fly_ will not affect them, -but perhaps the thrips. Give regular supplies of water to their roots -every evening, and some will require it in the morning, especially small -pots. - - -SUCCULENTS. - -These plants are habituated to exposed dry, hot, situations in their -indigenous state; and an aspect, where they would have the full -influence of the sun, is the best, giving them water two or three times -a week. - - - - -=Green-House.= - -_MAY._ - - -About the first of the month, all the small half hardy plants may be -taken out of the green house, and those that are left will be more -benefited by a freer circulation of air, which will enure them to -exposure. The _Geraniums_ ought to stand perfectly clear of other -plants, while in flower and growing, or they will be much drawn and -spindly. - - -WATERING. - -We have advanced so much on this subject, another observation is not -necessary; except as to succulents, which are frequently overwatered -about this period. Before they begin to grow, once a week is sufficient. - - -OF BRINGING OUT THE GREEN-HOUSE PLANTS. - -Those trees or plants of _Orange_, _Lemon_, _Myrtle_, _Nerium_, &c. that -were headed down with the intention of planting them into the garden, to -renovate their growth, should be brought out and planted in the -situations intended for them. A good light rich soil will do for either, -and the balls of earth might be a little reduced, that when they are -lifted they might go into the same pot or tub, or perhaps a less one. -This being done, the plants, generally in a calm day from the 12th to -the 18th of the month, should be taken out, carrying them directly to a -situation shaded from the sun, and protected from the wind. In regard to -a situation best adapted for them during summer, see _Hot-house_ this -month, which will equally apply to Green-house plants, except _Dáphne -odòra_, _Dáphne hybrida_, and the Green-house species of _Coronílla_, -which must be shaded from every ray of the sun, and even from dry -parching winds. All Primroses and Polyanthus delight in shade. The -reason of so many plants of the _D. odòra_[H] dying is from the effects -of the sun and water. - -[H] On examining these plants, when the first appearance of decay -affected them, the decayed part was without exception at the surface of -the soil, which was completely mortified, while the top and roots were -apparently fresh. This led us to conclude that the cause was the effect -of sun and water on the stem. We have since kept the earth in a conical -form round the stem, thereby throwing the water to the sides of the pot, -and kept them in the shade. Previous to doing this, we had quantities -died every year, and now no plants thus treated die with us. - -The large trees may be fancifully set either in a spot for the purpose, -or through the garden. Put bricks or pieces of wood under the tubs to -prevent them from rotting, and strew a little litter of any description -over the surface of the soil to prevent evaporation, or about one inch -of well decayed manure, which will from the waterings help to enrich the -soil. A liberal supply of water twice or three times a week is -sufficient. A large tree will take at one time from two to four gallons. -We make this observation, for many trees evidently have too limited a -supply. Continue to syringe the plants through the dry season every -evening, or at least three times per week. All the tall plants must be -tied to some firm support, because the squalls of wind frequently -overturn them, and do much harm by breaking, &c. Keep those that are in -flower as much in the shade as will preserve them from the direct -influence of the sun. - - -REPOTTING PLANTS. - -After the following mentioned plants, or any assimilated to them, are -brought out of the house, and before they are put in their respective -stations, repot them where they are required to grow well. _Aloes._ -These plants so varied in character, have been divided into several -genera. These are _Gastèria_, _Pachidéndron_, _Riphidodéndron_, -_Howárthia_, and _Apicra_. Of these there are above two hundred species -and varieties. To enter into any specific detail, would be beyond our -limits; but the catalogue at the end of the work will contain the finest -species. - -_Amaryllis._ This is a genus of splendid flowering bulbs containing -about eighty species, and one hundred and forty varieties. They are -natives of South America, but more than one half of them are hybrids -grown from seed by cultivators. They are generally kept in the -Hot-house, but in our climate will do perfectly well in the Green-house; -and we have no doubt that in a few years many of them will be so -acclimated, as to keep as garden bulbs, planting about the end of April, -and lifting them in October. As the beauty of these plants is in the -flowers, it will be proper to give a small description of a few of them. -_A. striatifòlia_, has a stripe of pure white in the centre of each -leaf, the flowers are purple and white, an esteemed species. _A. -Johnsòni_, the flowers are a deep scarlet, with a white streak in the -centre of each petal, four bloom on a stem of about two feet, each -flower about six inches diameter; a bulb well established has two stems. -_A. regìna_, Mexican Lily, has large scarlet pendant flowers, tube of -the flower fringed-like, with three or four on the stem. _A. vittàta_ is -an admired species with scarlet flowers, striped with a greenish white. -There are two or three varieties of it; corolla campanulate, three or -four on the stem, about five inches diameter; petals a little undulate. -_A. fùlgida_, flower scarlet, large tube striped, petals acute, two -flowers on the stem. _A. áulica_ is one of the most magnificent, has -four flowers about seven inches diameter, erect on a stem about two and -a half feet high; six petals, strongly united to the capsule, bottom of -the petals green, connected with spots of dark crimson, which spread -into fine transparent red, covered with rich tints, nerves very -perceptible, anthers bold. It is called crowned _Amaryllis_. _A. -psittácina_, Parrot Amaryllis, is scarlet striped with green, two -flowers on the stem, each about five inches diameter. There are several -varieties of it; the best that we have seen are _cowbèrgia_ and -_pulverulènta_. A bulb known in our collections as _A. purpùrea_ is -_Ballóta purpùrea_, has beautiful erect scarlet flowers, three or four -on the stem, each about five inches in diameter. There are three -varieties of it, differing only in habit. _A. longifòlia_ is now _Crìnum -capénse_, and is perfectly hardy; flowers pink, inclining to white, in -large umbels, leaves long, glaucous, and is a desirable garden bulb. - -There are many other superb Amaryllis, especially the hybrid sorts; from -_Johnsòni_ there are above twenty cultivated varieties; from _formòsa_ -above twelve; and from _Griffìni_ about ten, all of them esteemed. Where -they have been kept in the earth in which they were grown last year, the -ball ought at this repotting to be reduced; when the bulbs are done -flowering, they ought to have little water, so that they may be -perfectly ripened, which will cause them to produce their flowers more -freely. - -_Araucària._ This noble genus contains four species, which are without -exception the handsomest plants we are acquainted with, for the beauty -of their foliage, and symmetry of their growth, that belong to the -Green-house. _A. excélsa_, Norfolk Island Pine, has leaves closely -imbricated as if with a coat of mail, and are imperishable. _A. -imbricàta_, Chile Pine, is one of the grandest of trees, and is the -hardiest of the genus; the leaves are also closely imbricated. The other -two species are rarely seen even in European collections. The foliage of -either of the species will adhere to the wood many years after the plant -is dead. They are all highly valued, the pots must be well drained; for -if the plants get much water while dormant, the foliage becomes yellow, -and never attains its beautiful green colour again; otherwise they are -easily grown. - -_Chamærops._ There are about seven species of these palms: four of them -belong to this department, and are the finest of those that will keep in -the Green-house. They all have large palmated fronds, and require large -pots or tubs to make them grow freely, and are tenacious of life if kept -from frost. - -_Gardènia._ This is an esteemed genus of plants, especially for the -double flowering varieties, which are highly odoriferous, and have an -evergreen shining foliage. _G. flòrida flòre-plèno_, Cape Jasmine, is a -plant universally known in our collections, and trees of it are -frequently seen above seven feet high and five feet in diameter, -blooming from June to October. _G. rádicans_, dwarf Cape Jasmine, _G. -longifòlia_, and _G. latifòlia_, are also in several collections, but -not so generally known; the flowers are double, and all equally -fragrant. We are inclined to think they are only varieties of _G. -flòrida_. Any of the above will keep in the coldest part of the -Green-house, and even under the stage is a good situation for them, -where the house is otherwise crowded during winter. They must be -sparingly watered from November to March. Much water while they are -dormant, gives the foliage a sickly tinge, a state in which they are too -frequently seen. _G. Rothmànnia_ and _G. Thunbérgia_ are fine plants, -but flower sparingly; the flowers of the former are spotted, and are -most fragrant during night. - -_Mesembryànthemum._ A very extensive genus, containing upwards of four -hundred and fifty species, and varieties, with few exceptions natives of -the Cape of Good Hope. They are all singular, many of them beautiful, -and some splendid; yet they have never been popular plants in our -collections. The leaves are almost of every shape and form; their habits -vary in appearance. Some of them are straggling, others insignificant, -and a few grotesque. When they are well grown, they flower in great -profusion; the colours are brilliant, and through the genus are found of -every shade; yellow and white are most prevalent. Each species continues -a considerable time in flower. The flowers are either solitary, -axillary, extra axillary, but most frequently terminale; leaves mostly -opposite, thick, or succulent, and of various forms. They are sometimes -kept in the Hot-house, but undoubtedly the Green-house is the best -situation for them. They must not get water above once a month during -winter, but while they are in flower and through the summer, they -require a more liberal supply, and they seldom need to be repotted; once -in two years is sufficient. - -_Strelítzia_, a most superb genus of evergreen perennial plants. They -are greatly esteemed and highly valued in our collections. The finest -flowering species are _S. regìnæ_ and _S. ováta_; the former is the -strongest of the two, but in respect to the beauty of their flowers -there is no difference. The scape arises about three feet, headed with a -sheath which lies horizontal before the flowers burst forth. The sheath -contains three, four, or five flowers, according to the strength of the -plants. These arise erect, and pass in a few days to the bottom of the -sheath, the one before the other. _S. hùmilis_ is another fine species, -but the most rare are _S. agústa_, which has a leaf nearly like the -plantain; _S. jùncea_, _S. parvifòlia_, and _S. farinòso_. The flowers -of all these are yellow and blue, except those of _S. agústa_, which are -white, and it flowers sparingly. A few species of these plants ought to -be in every Green-house: they are vulgarly called Queen plant. While in -flower they should be liberally supplied with water, but while dormant -very sparingly. They will suffer sooner from the effects of too much, -than too little water. The roots are strong tubers, and require plenty -of pot room, and will thrive exceedingly where they can be planted in -the soil. - - -CAMELLIAS. - -These plants, when they are brought from the Green-house, ought to be -set in a situation by themselves, that they may be the more strictly -attended to in watering and syringing. An airy situation where the sun -has no effect upon them is the best. They should be syringed every -evening when there has been no rain through the day. After heavy rains -examine the pots, and where water is found, turn the plant on its side -for a few hours to let the water pass off, and then examine the draining -in the bottom of the pots, which must be defective. - - -CAPE BULBS. - -As soon as these are done flowering, and the foliage begins to decay, -cease watering, and turn the pots on their sides, until the soil is -perfectly dry; then take out the bulbs and preserve them dry until the -time of planting, which will be about the end of August or first of -September. - - - - -=Flower Garden.= - - -_MAY._ - -It is highly desirable to have all the scientific operations as much -advanced in the beginning of this month as is practicable, that at all -times immediate attention may be given to the destroying of weeds -wherever they appear. - - -ANNUALS, HARDY AND TENDER. - -By the first of the month finish sowing all hardy Annuals and Biennials; -and about the middle of the month all those that are tropical. The -weather being now warm, they will vegetate in a few days or weeks. -Attend to thinning of those that are too thick, giving gentle waterings -to such as are weak in dry weather. Those that have been protected in -frames should be fully exposed therein night and day; take the first -opportunity of damp cloudy days to have them transplanted into the -borders or beds, after the 10th, lifting them out of the frame with as -much earth as will adhere to their roots. - - -CARE OF HYACINTHS, TULIPS, &c. - -For the treatment of these while in bloom, see last month. The best time -to take them out of the ground is about five weeks after they are done -flowering, or when the stem appears, what may be termed half decayed. -The best method to dry them is to place the roots in rows, with bulb to -bulb, the stems laying north and south, or east or west. Give the bulbs -a very thin covering of earth, merely to exclude the sun, so that they -may not dry too rapidly, being thereby liable to become soft. When they -have thoroughly dried in this situation, which will be in eight or ten -days in dry weather, (and if it rains cover them with boards,) take them -to an airy dry loft or shade, clearing off the fibres or stems, and in -a few weeks put them in close drawers, or cover them with sand perfectly -dry, until the time of planting, for which see October. - -It is not advisable to allow any of the bulbs of either Hyacinths or -Tulips to seed, as it retards their ripening, and weakens the root, -except where there are a few desired for new varieties. The small -offsets must be carefully kept in dry sand, or immediately planted. - - -ANEMONES AND RANUNCULUS. - -These while in bloom should be carefully shaded from the sun by hoops -and thin canvass, or an erect temporary awning; and as soon as they are -done flowering, they must be fully exposed, and the waterings given up. - - -DAHLIAS, TUBEROSES, AND AMARYLLIS, - -That are not planted, should now be done. For full directions see last -month. In many seasons, any time before the twelfth is quite soon -enough; but nothing ought to be delayed when the season will permit it -to be done. It is necessary to have them properly labeled. - - -AURICULAS, POLYANTHUS, AND PRIMROSES. - -They will now be done flowering, but still must be carefully kept in a -cool, shady situation, and all decayed leaves cut off as soon as they -appear. Examine them carefully and frequently, in case slugs of any -description be preying upon them. A dusting of hot lime will kill them, -or they may be otherwise destroyed. Some have recommended to repot and -slip those plants when done flowering, "or they will contract a -destructive disease;" which disease is a loss of verdure, and is induced -by too much heat and drought, and a few other causes from inattention; -but if attended to as above until September, when they should be fresh -potted, they will have time to be sufficiently established before -winter, which is the most judicious time to take off slips, for two -reasons, viz.--they do not need so much nursing through the most -precarious season of the year (summer) for these plants, and they begin -to grow, and will root afresh sooner. - - -DOUBLE WALL-FLOWERS. - -As these are very seldom grown from seed, and are semi-biennials, art -has to be used to preserve or renew them. About the end of this month -take shoots of this year about three inches long, cutting them carefully -off, and smoothing the cut end with a sharp knife; from this cut the -lower leaves off about one inch and a half, and then put it in the -ground; choose a very shady spot, mixing the soil with a little sand and -earth of decayed leaves. Sprinkle them three times a day until they have -taken root, which will be in a few weeks. Keep the cuttings about four -inches apart. - - -GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. - -We do not consider that it is essential every month to repeat the -necessity of tying up plants, saving seeds when ripe, cutting down -weeds, raking, &c. with many other similar observations. We have already -been full on these subjects, and expect these to be remembered through -the season. Particular care, however, is required to _carnations_, -_pinks_, or any plants that have heavy heads and slender stems. If -carnations are desired to flower strongly, cut off all the buds except -three, leaving the uppermost and any other two of the largest. All -climbing plants should have timely support, and tied securely every week -while they are growing. - - - - -=Rooms.= - - - - -_MAY._ - - -All the plants will be able to withstand exposure, in the general state -of the seasons, about the 10th of the month. Begin about the first to -take out the hardiest, such as _Laurestínus_, _Hydrángeas_, _Roses_, -_Primroses_, _Polyanthus_, &c. and thus allow the others to stand more -free, and become hardened to exposure. The reason that plants are so -often seen brown, stunted, and almost half dead, is from the exposed -situation they are placed in, with the direct sun upon them, and too -frequently from being so sparingly watered. There are no shrubby plants -cultivated in pots that are benefited by the hot sun from this period to -October. A north aspect is the best for every plant, except _Càctus_, -_Aloe_, _Mesembryànthemum_, and such as go under the name of succulents. -Where there are only a few, they should be conveniently placed, to allow -water from a pot with a rose mouth to be poured frequently over them, -which is the best substitute for the syringe. _Dáphne_, _Coronílla_, -_Fúchsia_, _Caméllia_, _Primrose_, and _Polyánthus_, do not agree with a -single ray of the sun, through the summer. There has been a general -question what is the cause of the death of so many of the _Dáphne -odòra_. It may be observed, that the first place that shows symptoms of -decay, is at the surface of the soil, and this takes place a few weeks -before there are evident effects of it. The cause is from the effect of -heat or sun and water acting on the stem at least. If the soil is drawn -in the form of a cone round the stem, to throw off the water to the -edges of the pot, that the stem may be dry above the roots, -mortification does not take place, neither do they die prematurely, when -thus treated. For further remarks, see Green-house, this month. - - -CAPE BULBS. - -Any of these that are done flowering, such as _Ixia_, _Oxalis_, -_Lachenàlia_, &c. as soon as the foliage begins to decay, turn the pots -on their sides, which will ripen the roots, and when perfectly dry, -clear them off the soil, wrap them up in paper, with their names -attached, and put them carefully aside until the time of planting. - - -REPOTTING. - -Where it is required, repot _Cáctus_, _Aloe_, _Mesembryánthemums_, and -all other succulents, with any of the _Amaryllis_ that are required to -be kept in pots, also Cape Jasmines. For description of the above, see -Hot-house and Green-house of this month, under the same head. - - - - -=Hot-House.= - -_JUNE AND JULY._ - - -As the plants of the Hot-house are all exposed to the open air, the -directions will include both months. If the repotting is over, as -recommended last month, all the attention they will require until the -end of August, is the administering of water at the roots, and by the -syringe over head. It will be impossible to say how great are their -wants, that depending entirely upon the nature of the plant, the -situation, and the season; but never neglect to look over them every -evening, and after very dry nights they will need a fresh supply in the -morning, observing to give to none except they are becoming a little -dry. Make weekly examinations for insects of any description, and when -they appear, have them instantly destroyed. - -Always after heavy rains look over the pots, in case water should be -standing in them, which would injure the roots. Where any is found, turn -the pot on its side, and in a few hours examine the draining which is -defective; small pots in continued rains should be turned likewise. - -Tie up all plants and shoots to prevent them from being destroyed by the -wind, and be attentive to pick all weeds from the pots. Turn round all -the plants occasionally, to prevent them from being drawn to one side by -the sun or light. - - - - -=Green-House.= - -_JUNE AND JULY._ - - -The plants being out of the house, there need be little added under this -head. Their treatment is in the general, and the required attention is -in giving water according to their different constitutions and habits. -Where there are not rain or river water, it should stand at least one -day in butts or cisterns, to take the chilly air from it, and become -softened by the surrounding atmosphere. This is more essential to the -health of the plants than is generally supposed. The small plants in dry -weather will need water evening and morning. Continue regular syringings -as directed last month. There are frequently rains continuing for -several days, which will materially injure many plants, if they are not -turned on their sides until the rain is over, especially small plants. -The syringings should never be done till after the waterings at the -roots, and they should never be seldomer than every alternate evening. -Turn all the plants frequently to prevent them from being drawn to one -side by the sun or light. Carefully look over them at these turnings, to -detect any insects. And observe that the tuberose rooted geraniums, such -as _Ardéns_, _Bicòlor_, _Trístum_, &c. are not getting too much water, -they being now dormant. - - - - -=Flower Garden.= - -_JUNE AND JULY._ - - -HOLLAND BULBS. - -The lifting of these will be general in June. For directions see _May_. -It is not advisable to take up _Jonquils_, _Fritillària_, _Crocus_, and -_Iris_, oftener than every alternate year; _Jonquils_ may stand three -years. _Anemones_ and _Ranunculus_ should be carefully lifted after -their leaves begin to fade. Do not expose them to the sun, but cover -slightly with earth or sand until they are perfectly dry, when they may -be sifted out of the earth, and put into drawers carefully labeled. Some -recommend to soak these roots in soap-suds, to destroy a worm that they -are frequently attacked with. We know not how far this may be carried, -nor the good or bad effects, never having practised it. - - -AUTUMN FLOWERING BULBS. - -These are _Amaryllis lùtea_, now called _Sternbérgia lùtea_; _A. -Belladónna_, now _Belladónna purpuráscens_; and _Nerìne sarniénsis_. -This is a beautiful flowering bulb, and requires the protection of a -frame during winter. The old bulb seldom flowers oftener than two -succeeding years, and then decays, but the off-sets will flower the -second year; therefore when the old bulbs are lifted, they ought to be -immediately planted, and receive every encouragement to strengthen them -for flowering. _Crôcus satìvus_, _C Pallàsii_, _C. serotìnus_, and _C. -nudiflòrus_, and all the species of _Cólchicum_, with species of several -other genera not introduced into the country. They should all be lifted -as soon as the foliage is decayed, and kept only a few weeks out of the -ground, and then again replanted in fresh soil. The economy of the genus -_Cólchicum_ in regard to its bulbs, flowers, and seeds, is altogether -singular, and may be termed an anomaly of nature. In producing the new -bulbs or off-sets in a very curious manner, the old one perishes. The -flowers which arise with long slender tubes from the root die off in -October, without leaving any external appearance of seeds. These lie -buried all the winter within the bulb, in spring they grow upon a fruit -stalk, and are ripe about the first of June. How beautiful and admirable -is this provision! The plant blooming so late in the year, would not -have time to mature its seeds before winter; and is, therefore, so -contrived that it may be performed out of the reach of the usual effects -of frost, and they are brought above the surface when perfected, and at -a proper season for sowing. - - -CARNATIONS AND PINKS. - -In order to make the former flower well, if the weather is dry, give -them frequent waterings at the root, and tie them up neatly to their -rods. The criterion of a fine carnation is--the stem strong and -straight, from thirty to forty inches high, the corolla three inches -diameter, consisting of large round well formed petals, but not so many -as to crowd it, nor so few as to make it appear thin or empty; the -outside petals should rise above the calyx about half an inch, and then -turn off in a horizontal direction, to support the interior petals, they -forming nearly a hemispherical corolla. The interior petals should -decrease in size toward the centre, all regularly disposed on every -side; they should have a small degree of concavity at the lamina or -broad end, the edges perfectly entire. The calyx above one inch in -length, with strong broad points in a close and circular body. The -colours must be perfectly distinct, disposed in regular long stripes, -broadest at the edge of the lamina, and gradually becoming narrower as -they approach the unguis or base of the petal, there terminating in a -fine point. Those that contain two colours upon a white ground are -esteemed the finest. - -Of a double pink--the stem about twelve inches, the calyx smaller but -similar to a carnation; the flowers two inches and a half in diameter; -petals rose edges; colour white, and pure purple, or rich crimson; the -nearer it approaches to black it is the more esteemed; proportions equal -as in carnation. Those that are very tasteful with these flowers are -attentive to the manner of their opening. Where the calyx is deficient -in regular expansion to display the petals; that is, where there is a -tendency to burst open on one side more than on the other, the opposite -side in two or three different indentions should be slit a little at -several times with the point of a small sharp knife, taking care not to -cut the petals, and about the centre of the calyx tie a thread three or -four times round to prevent any farther irregularity. Some florists and -connoisseurs place cards on them. This is done when the calyx is small. -Take a piece of thin pasteboard, about the size of a dollar; cut a small -aperture in its centre to admit the bud to pass through. When on tie it -tight to the rod, to prevent the wind from blowing it about; and when -the flower is expanded, draw up the card to about the middle of the -calyx, and spread the petals one over the other regularly upon it. When -these plants are in flower, their beauty may be prolonged by giving them -a little shade from the mid-day sun by an awning of any simple -description. Where they are in pots, they can be removed to a cool shady -situation, (but not directly under trees.) - - -OF LAYING CARNATIONS AND PINKS. - -This is a necessary and yearly operation to keep a supply of plants, and -likewise to have them always in perfection. As the process of laying, -though simple, may not be known to all who are desirous of cultivating -these plants, we will give an outline of the mode of operation. Provide -first a quantity of small hooked twigs (pieces of _Asparagus_ stems are -very suitable) about three inches long, for pegging the layers down in -the earth. Select the outward strongest and lowest shoots that are round -the plant, trim off a few of the under leaves, and shorten with the -knife the top ones even, and then applying it at a joint about the -middle of the under-side of the shoot, cut about half through in a -slanting direction, making an upward slit towards the next joint, near -an inch in extent; and loosening the earth, make a small oblong cavity -one or two inches deep, putting a little fresh light earth therein. Lay -the stem part where the slit is made into the earth, keeping the cut -part open, and the head of the layer upright one or two inches out of -the earth; and in that position peg down the layer with one of the -hooked twigs, and cover the inserted part to the depth of one inch with -some of the fresh earth, pressing it gently down. In this manner proceed -to lay all the proper shoots of each plant. Keep the earth a little full -round the plant, to retain longer the water that may be applied. Give -immediately a moderate watering, with a rose watering pot, and in dry -weather give light waterings every evening. Choose a cloudy day for the -above operation. In about two months they will be well rooted. - - -PRUNING ROSES. - -The best time to prune what are termed "Garden roses" is immediately -after flowering, which is generally about the middle of June. Cut out -all old exhausted wood, and where it is too thick and crowded, -shortening those shoots which have flowered to a good fresh strong eye, -or bud, accompanied with a healthy leaf, but leaving untouched such -shoots as are still in a growing state, except where they are becoming -irregular. Such should be cut to the desired shape. There is not a -better period of the year for puting these bushes in handsome order, -which ought to be studied. All wood that grows after this pruning will -ripen perfectly and produce fine flowers next year. - -Our reasons for doing so at this period are these: The points of the -shoots of the more delicate sorts of roses are very apt to die when -pruned in winter or spring; hence the consequences of this evil are -avoided. The stronger the wood of roses is made to grow, the flowers -will be the larger and more profuse, and this effect is but produced by -cutting out the old and superfluous wood; at least it prevents any loss -of vegetative power, which ought always to be considered. - - -OF BUDDING OR INOCULATION OF ROSES. - -According to what we have previously hinted in regard to having roses as -standards, where such are desired, the month of July is a proper time -for the operation of budding. The kinds to be taken for stocks should be -of a strong free growth. Such as _Ornamental parade_; _Dutch tree_; _R. -vilòsa_; _R. canína_; and frequently the French _Eglantine_, are taken. -Be provided with a proper budding-knife, which has a sharp thin blade -adapted to prepare the bud, with a tapering ivory haft made thin at the -end for raising the bark of the stock. For tieings use bass strings from -Russia mats, which should be soaked in water to make them more pliable. -The height of the stock or stem at which the bud is to be inserted, is -to be determined by the intended destination of the tree, (as it may be -properly called.) Choose a smooth part of the stem, from one to three -years old. Having marked the place, prune away all the lateral shoots -about and underneath it. With the knife directed horizontally, make an -incision about half an inch long in the bark of the stock, cutting into -the wood, but not deeper; then applying the point of the knife to the -middle of this line, make a perpendicular incision under the first, -extending from it between one and two inches. Having a healthy shoot of -the growth of this year provided of the kind that is desired, begin at -the lower end of this shoot, cut away all the leaves, leaving the -footstalk of each. Being fixed on a promising bud, insert the knife -about half an inch above the eye, slanting it downwards, and about half -through the shoot. Draw it out about an inch below the eye, so as to -bring away the bud unimpaired with the bark, and part of the wood -adhering to it; the wood now must be carefully detached from the bark. -To do this insert the point of the knife between the bark and wood at -one end, and holding the bark tenderly, strip off the woody part, which -will readily part from the bark if the shoot from which the piece is -taken has been properly imbued with sap.[I] Look at the inner rind of -the separated bark, to see if that be entire; if there be a hole in it, -the eye of the bud has been pulled away with the wood, rendering the bud -useless, which throw away; if there be no hole, return to the stock, and -with the haft of the knife gently raise the bark on each side of the -perpendicular incision, opening the lips wide enough to admit the -prepared slip with the eye. If the slip is longer than the upright -incision in the stock, reduce the largest end. Stock and bud being -ready, keep the latter in its natural position, introduce it between the -bark and wood of the stock, pushing it gently downwards until it reaches -the bottom of the perpendicular incision. Let the eye of the bud project -through the centre of the lips; lay the slip with the bud as smooth as -possible, and press down the raised bark of the stock. The bud being -deposited, bind that part of the stock moderately tight with bass, -beginning a little below the incision, proceeding upward so as to keep -the eye uncovered, finishing above the incision. In a month after the -operation, examine whether the bud has united with the stock. If it has -succeeded, the bud will be full and fresh; if not, it will be brown and -contracted. When it has taken, untie the bandage, that the bud may -swell, and in a few days afterwards cut the head of the stock off about -six inches above the inoculation, and prevent all shoots from growing by -pinching them off. This will forward the bud, which will push and ripen -wood this season; but it must be carefully tied as it grows to the -remaining head of the stock. Some do not head down the stock until the -following spring, thereby not encouraging the bud to grow, which if -winter sets in early is the safest method. - -[I] We once budded three eyes of the white moss rose, after they had by -mistake been carried in the pocket of a coat three days. The shoot was -soaked six hours in water, and two of the buds grew. From this we infer -that shoots, if properly wrapped up, may be carried very great -distances, and grow successfully. - - -OF WATERING. - -If the season is dry, look over the late planted shrubs, and give them -frequent copious waterings; and a few of the finest annuals that are -wanted to flower perfectly should be attended to. _Dahlias_ suffer very -much in dry seasons, therefore it is advisable to water the most -beautiful (or all) of them two or three times per week, and be careful -to tie up their shoots to any support that is given to them, in case of -high winds breaking or otherwise destroying the flower stems. - - - - -=Rooms.= - -_JUNE AND JULY._ - - -The only attention requisite to _these_ plants, is in giving water, -keeping them from being much exposed to either sun or high winds, and -preventing the attack of insects. Water must be regularly given every -evening, when there has not been rain during the day. Where they are in -a growing state, they are not liable at this season of the year to -suffer from too much water, except in a few instances, such as the -Lemon-scented Geranium, and those kinds that are tuberose rooted, as -_Ardèns_, _Bicòlor_, _Tristúm_, &c. which should have moderate supplies. - -All the plants ought to be turned round every few weeks to prevent them -from growing to one side, by the one being more dark than the other, and -keep those of a straggling growth tied neatly to rods. Wherever insects -of any description appear, wash them off directly. Give regular -syringings or sprinklings from the rose of a watering pot. Be -particularly attentive in this respect to the _Caméllias_, which will -keep the foliage in a healthy state, and prevent the effects of mildew. - -If the foliage of _Lílium longiflòrum_, or _japónicum_, has died down, -do not water them while dormant, as they are easily injured by such -treatment. - - - - -=Hot-House.= - -_AUGUST._ - - -The plants of the Hot-house that were repotted in May and June, -according to the directions therein given, will at present be in an -excellent state of health, provided they have got at all times the -requisite supplies of watering. And as we already have been very -explicit on that subject, more remarks now would be merely repetition. - - -REPOTTING. - -If any of the repottings were neglected, during May or June, let it be -done about the first of this month. Let young plants that are growing -freely, where the roots have filled the pots, and the plants required to -grow, have pots one size larger. In turning out the ball of earth, keep -it entire, not disturbing any of the roots. - - -OF PAINTING, REPAIRING, AND CLEANSING THE HOUSE. - -The necessary repairs of the Hot-house are too often put off to the last -day or week; and then with hurry are superficially attended to. Previous -to the first of September, have all the wood-work painted; which ought -to have one coat every year, and the glass all repaired. Have the flues -and furnace examined, and all rents plastered over, or any deficiency -made good. Give the flue a thick coat of lime white-wash, and properly -white-wash the whole interior stages and shelves to destroy any larvæ of -insects; or, what is preferable for the latter, use oil paint. If there -is a tan bed, have that renewed; take out what is most decayed, and add -new tan. Wash out the floor perfectly clean, so that all may be in -readiness for the plants next month. - - - - -=GREEN-HOUSE.= - -_AUGUST._ - - -Any of the _Myrtles_, _Oranges_, _Lemons_, _Oleanders_, &c. that were -headed down in April or May, will be pushing many young shoots. The -plant must be carefully examined, to observe which of the shoots ought -to be left to form the tree. Having determined on this, cut out all the -others close to the stem with a small sharp knife; and if the remaining -shoots are above one foot long, pinch off the tops to make them branch -out. - -The trees that were entirely headed down, should not have above six -shoots left, which will, by being topped, make a sufficient quantity to -form the bush or tree. - - -GERANIUMS. - -These plants, about the first of the month, require a complete dressing. -In the first place collect them all together, and with a sharp knife cut -off the wood of this year to within a few eyes of the wood of last year. -_Citriodórum_ and its varieties do not need pruning. The plants grown -from cuttings during the season, that have flowered, cut them to about -four inches from the pot. This being done, have the earth all prepared -with potshreds or fine gravel for draining the delicate kinds. And in a -shaded situation turn the plants progressively out of the pots they are -in, reducing the balls of earth so that the same pots may contain them -again, and allow from half an inch to two inches, according to the size -of the pot, of fresh soil around the ball, which press down by a thin -piece of wood cut for the purpose. Finish by leveling all neatly with -the hand. Give very gentle waterings from a pot with a rose mouth, for a -few weeks, until they have begun to grow, protecting them entirely from -the sun, till that period, then take the opportunity of a cloudy day to -expose them. After this repotting, the following kinds are liable to -suffer from too much water: _Pavonínum_, _Davey[)a]num_, _fúlgens_, -_ardens_, _citriodórum_, _rubéscens_, _florabùndum_, _ardèscens_; with -those of a similar habit, and these species do not require so much -encouragement at the root as the strong growing sorts. The tuberous -rooted and deciduous species must be very moderately supplied. Be -careful when watering that the new soil does not become saturated with -water, as, though allowed to dry again, it will not be so pure. When -they shoot afresh, turn them regularly every two weeks, to prevent them -growing to one side. - - -ORANGES, LEMONS, &c. - -As it is frequently very inconvenient to shift these trees into larger -tubs in the months of March and April, this month is a period that is -suitable both from the growth of the trees, and their being in the open -air. It would be improper to state the day or the week, that depending -entirely on the season. The criterion is easily observed, which is when -the first growth is over, these trees making another growth in autumn. -When they are large, they require great exertion, and are frequently -attended with inconvenience to get them shifted. Where there is a -quantity of them, the best plan that we have tried or seen adopted is as -follows: Have a strong double and a single block trimmed with a -sufficiency of rope; make it fast to the limb of a large tree, or any -thing that projects, and will bear the weight, and as high as will admit -of the plant being raised a few feet under it. Take a soft bandage and -put around the stem, to prevent the bark from being bruised; make a rope -fast to it, in which hook the single block. Raise the plant the height -of the tub, put a spar across the tub, and strike on the spar with a -mallet, which will separate the tub from the ball. Then with a strong -pointed stick probe a little of the earth from amongst the roots, -observing to cut away any that are affected by dry-rot, damp, or -mildew, with any very matted roots. Having all dressed, place a few -potshreds over the hole or holes in the bottom of the tub; measure -exactly the depth of the ball that remains around the plant, and fill up -with earth, pressing it a little with the hand, until it will hold the -ball one inch under the edge of the tub. If there is from four to six -inches of earth under it, it is quite enough. Fill all around the ball, -and press it down with a stick, finishing neatly off with the hand. -Observe that the stem of the tree is exactly in the centre. This being -done, carry the tree to where it is intended to stand, and give it water -with a rose on the pot. The earth will subside about two inches, thus -leaving three inches, which will at any time hold enough of water for -the tree. Trees thus treated will not require to be shifted again within -four or five years, having in the interim got a few rich top-dressings. - -Frequently in attempting to take out of the tubs those that are in a -sickly state, all the soil falls from their roots, having no fibres -attached. When there are any such, after replanting, put them in the -Green-house, and shut it almost close up, there give shade to the tree, -and frequent sprinklings of water, until it begins to grow, when admit -more air gradually until it becomes hardened. These trees should be put -in very small tubs, and a little sand added to the soil. Give very -moderate supplies of water, merely keeping the soil moist. Tubs -generally give way at the bottom when they begin to decay, and in the -usual method of coopering after this failure they are useless, the -ledging being rotten, and will not admit of another bottom. The staves -should be made without any groove, and have four brackets nailed on the -inside, having the bottom in a piece by itself that it can be placed on -these brackets, and there is no necessity of it being water tight. Then -when it fails, it can be replaced again at a trifling expense. A tub -made this way will last out three or four bottoms, and is in every -respect the cheapest, and should be more wide than deep. _Large Myrtles_ -and _Oleanders_ may be treated in the same manner as directed for the -above. - - -OF PRUNING ORANGES, LEMONS, &c. - -These trees will grow very irregularly, especially the _Lemon_, if not -frequently dressed or pruned. Any time this month look over them all -minutely, and cut away any of the small naked wood where it is too -crowded, and cut all young strong straggling shoots to the bounds of the -tree, giving it a round regular head. It is sometimes necessary to cut -out a small limb, but large amputations should be avoided. Cover all -wounds with turpentine or bees-wax, to prevent the bad effects of the -air. - - -OF REPOTTING PLANTS. - -Any of the plants enumerated in March under this head, may be now done -according to directions therein given, and which apply to all sizes. -This is the proper period for repotting the following:-- - -_Cálla_, a genus of four species. None of them in our collections, and -in fact are not worth cultivation, except _C. æthiòpica_, Ethiopian -Lily, which is admired for the purity and singularity of its large white -flowers, or rather spatha, which is cucullate, leaves sagittate. It is -now called _Richárdia æthiópica_. The roots which are tubers should be -entirely divested of the soil they have been grown in, breaking off any -small offsets, and potting them wholly in fresh earth. When growing they -cannot get too much water. The plant will grow in a pond of water, and -withstand our severest winters, provided the roots are kept at the -bottom of the water. - -_Cyclamen._ There are eight species and six varieties of this genus, -which consists of humble plants with very beautiful flowers. The bulbs -are round, flattened, and solid, and are peculiarly adapted for pots and -the decorating of rooms. _C. côum_, leaves almost round; flowers light -red; in bloom from January to April. _C. pérsicum_, with its four -varieties, flower from February to April; colour white, and some white -and purple. _C. hederæfòlium_, Ivy-leaved; colour lilac; there is a -white variety; flowers from July to September. _C. Europæum_, colour -lilac, in bloom from August to October. _C. neapolitànum_, flowers red, -in bloom from July to September. These are all desirable plants. When -the foliage begins to decay, withhold the accustomed supplies of water, -keeping them in a half dry state; and when growing they must not be over -watered, as they are apt to rot from moisture. Keep them during the -summer months in the shade. The best time for potting either of the -sorts is when the crown of the bulb begins to protrude. If the pots are -becoming large, every alternate year they may be cleared from the old -soil, and put in smaller pots with the crown barely covered. When the -flowers fade, the pedicles twist up like a screw, inclosing the germen -in the centre, lying close to the ground until the seeds ripen, from -which plants can be grown, and will flower the third year. - -_Lachenàlia_, a genus of about forty species of bulbs, all natives of -the Cape of Good Hope, and grow remarkably well in our collections. The -most common is _L. trícolor_. _L. quadrícolor_, and its varieties, are -all fine; the colours yellow, scarlet, orange, and green, very pure and -distinct; _L. rùbida_. _L. punctàta_, _L. orchoídes_, and _L. nervòsa_, -are all fine species. The flowers are on a stem from a half to one foot -high, and much in the character of a hyacinth. The end of the month is -about the time of planting. Five inch pots are large enough, and they -must get very little water till they begin to grow. - -_Oxalis_, above one hundred species of Cape bulbs, and like all other -bulbs of that country, they do exceedingly well in our collections, in -which there are only comparatively a few species, not exceeding twelve. -_O. rubèlla_, branching, of a vermilion colour; _O. marginàta_, white; -_O. elongàta_, striped; and _O. amæna_, are those that require potting -this month. The first of September is the most proper period for the -others. - -This genus of plants is so varied in the construction of its roots, that -the same treatment will not do for all. The root is commonly bulbous, -and these will keep a few weeks or months out of the soil, according to -their size. Several are only thick and fleshy: these ought not to be -taken out of the pots, but kept in them, while dormant; and about the -end of this month give them gentle waterings. When they begin to grow, -take the earth from the roots, and pot them in fresh soil. In a few -years the bulbs are curiously produced, the original bulb near the -surface striking a radical fibre downright from its base, at the -extremity of which is produced a new bulb for the next year's plant, the -old one perishing. - -_Ornithógalum_, Star of Bethlehem, about sixty species of bulbs, -principally from the Cape of Good Hope. Many of them have little -attraction. The most beautiful that we have seen are _O. lactéum_, which -has a spike about one foot long of fine white flowers; and _O. aùreum_, -flowers of a golden colour, in contracted racemose corymbs. These two -are magnificent. _O. marítimum_ is the officinale squill. The bulb is -frequently as large as a human head, pear-shaped, and tunicated like the -onion. From the centre of the root arise several shining glaucous leaves -a foot long, two inches broad at base, and narrowing to a point. They -are green during winter, and decay in the spring; then the flower-stalk -comes out, rising two feet, naked half way, and terminated by a -pyramidal thyrse of white flowers. The bulb ought to be kept dry from -the end of June till now, or it will not flower freely. - - -GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. - -Watering, and other practical care of the plants, to be done as -heretofore described. Frequently the weather at the end of this month -becomes cool and heavy. Dew falling through the night will in part -supply the syringing operation, but it must not be suspended altogether. -Three times a week will suffice. Any of the plants that are plunged -should be turned every week. In wet weather observe that none are -suffering from moisture. - - - - -=FLOWER-GARDEN= - -_AUGUST._ - - -EVERGREEN HEDGES. - -These always make two growths in the season, and the best time to -perform the clipping or dressing of them is before the plants begin -their second growth. Choose if possible dull and cloudy days for the -operation. The general practice in forming these, is to have the sides -even, and the top level, forming a right angle on each side. However -neat in appearance this may be considered, it certainly is stiff and -formal. We never approve of shearing where it can be avoided, and when -adopted, nature ought to be imitated. We consider that all hedges and -edgings ought to be narrowed at the top. - - -CARNATIONS AND PINKS. - -If layed about the end of June, and been properly attended, they will by -the end of this month be well rotted and fit for transplanting. Clear -away the earth lightly, and cut them clean off from the parent plant, -nearer the stool than the original slit. Raise them neatly out of the -earth, with as many of the root-fibres as possible; cut off the naked -part of the stem close to the fibrous roots, and trim away the -straggling leaves. Plant the finest sorts in four inch pots, and those -more common three plants in five inch pots, in the form of a triangle, -which can be separated in spring to plant in the garden. Any of the -principal stools should be (if in the ground) lifted and put into seven -inch pots to be preserved: the others may be allowed to stand through -the winter, covering them with a few dry leaves. Keep them in the shade -a few weeks, when they may be fully exposed. Give gentle and frequent -sprinklings of water until they have taken fresh root; or if in want of -pots, mark out a bed that can be covered with a frame, preparing the -soil therein properly. Plant them from four to six inches apart. Shade -them from the sun until they begin to grow, giving sprinklings of water -over the foliage every evening. - - -BULBOUS ROOTS. - -Look over the bulbs that are out of the ground, and examine those that -require planting. _Fritillària_, about twenty species, but few of them -generally cultivated, except _F. imperiàlis_, Crown Imperial; and _F. -pérsica_. These will require planting, and ought not to be lifted -oftener than every third year. There are four or five varieties of the -above, showy flowers, and singular in appearance. They require a deep -rich loamy soil, and if in beds, plant them from three to four inches -deep, and one foot apart. They will grow under shade of trees, or any -situation where the soil is adapted for them. No imbricated or scaly -bulb ought to be retained long out of the ground. When any of these are -lifted, and the young bulbs taken off, they should be planted at once. -See particularly on bulbous roots in general next month. - - -SOWING SEEDS OF BULBOUS ROOTS. - -Where any seeds of these are saved, with the intention of sowing, let it -be done this month. Procure boxes about seven inches deep, and in size -proportioned to the quantity to be sown. Put five inches of light sandy -soil in the box, level it smoothly, and sow the seeds separately and -thickly; cover with half an inch of light sandy loam, with a portion of -earth from the woods. Keep the box or boxes in a sheltered situation, -giving frequent sprinklings of water to keep the earth damp, which must -be protected with a frame, or covered with leaves during winter. The -plants will appear in spring, and must be watered and kept in the shade: -when the leaves decay in June, put one inch more soil upon them, and the -second year they can be planted with the small offsets in the garden, -and treated as other bulbs. They must be carefully marked every year. -Tulips require many years of trial before their qualities are known; and -a poor soil is best to produce their characters after the first bloom. - - -SOWING AND SAVING SEEDS. - -About the end of this month or first of next, is an advisable period to -sow seed of _Delphínum Ajácis flòreplèno_, or Double Rocket Larkspur. -This plant does not flower in perfection except it is sown in autumn, -and grown a little above ground before winter, when a few leaves can be -lightly thrown amongst them, but not to cover them entirely, as that -would cause damp, and they would rot off. _Coreópsis tinctòria_, which -is now _Calliópsis tinctòria_, and a beautiful plant, should likewise be -sown. Be attentive in saving all kinds of seeds, many of which will keep -best in the capsule. Name them all correctly, and with the year in which -they were grown. - - - - -=Rooms.= - -_AUGUST._ - -For the kinds of plants that require potting, we refer to the -Green-house for this month. All that are therein specified are -peculiarly adapted for rooms, and we would call attention to the genus -_Cyclamen_, which has not been generally introduced into the collections -of our ladies; as, from the character and beauty of the flowers, they -are very attracting and highly deserving of culture. Attend to the -Geraniums as there directed, and be particular in having them cut down, -and repotted, as there fully described. The _Oranges_, _Lemons_, -_Oleanders_, and _Myrtles_, that are kept in cellars or rooms, should -have the same attention in this month as directed in the Green-house, -which to repeat here would be occupying space unnecessarily. - -_Réseda odoráta_, or Mignonette, is one of the most fragrant annuals. To -have it in perfection, the seed should be sown about the end of this -month, or beginning of next, into pots of fine light earth, and -sprinkled with water frequently. When it comes up the plants must be -thinned out or transplanted; the former method is preferable. Keep them -from frost during winter, and always near the light. - -This will equally apply to the Green-house. - - - - -=Hot-House.= - -_SEPTEMBER._ - - -DRESSING THE PLANTS. - -Having last month put the house in complete order, all that remains -necessary to be attended to, is the state of the plants and pots, which -should be regularly examined, and of those where the roots fill the -soil, a little may be taken off the top, supplying its place with fresh -earth, thereby giving what is called a top dressing. Give each a -sufficient rod that requires it, tieing the plant neatly thereto; -minutely scrutinise each for insects, and where they are detected, have -them eradicated. - -Finally, wash all contracted foulness from off the pots, at the same -time pick off any decayed leaves; thus all will be in perfect order to -take into the house. If any plants have been kept in the Hot-house -during summer, they must likewise go through the same operations. - - -OF TAKING IN THE PLANTS. - -From the 16th to the 24th, according to the season, is the proper time -to take in the Hot-house plants. It is preferable to have them what -might be deemed a few days too early, than have them in the slightest -affected by cold. - -Commence by housing the largest first, and those that stand farthest in -the house, observing to place the most tender sorts nearest the heat or -warmest part of the house. For observations on them, see _May_: in -regard to arrangement, that must be according to the taste of the -operator. We may observe that in a small collection it is better to have -them in a regular than in a picturesque form. A dry shelf is -indispensable in this department for placing on it all herbaceous -plants, such as _Cánna_, _Hedychium_, _Zíngiber_, _Kæmpféria_, &c. the -watering of which from this time should be gradually suspended, that -they may have their required cessation to make them flower well. This -shelf may be in any situation; one in darkness, where other plants will -not grow, will answer perfectly well. If there is a bark bed, do not, -until the end of December, plunge any of the pots therein. - - -GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. - -The plants being now all under protection, they must have as much air as -possible admitted to them every day, by opening the doors, front and top -sashes, closing only at night. The syringings must be continued, and -care taken that plants of a deciduous or herbaceous nature are not over -watered. _Alstr[oe]merias_ are apt to rot while dormant when they are -supplied with water. The tuberous species might be kept almost dry. Some -practical men of sound science repot these plants in this month into -fresh soil, and allow them to stand till January almost without water. -We have never adopted this method with any description of plants, but do -not doubt of its success with that genus. - -See that the ropes and pullies of the sashes are in good order, and fit -to stand all winter. - - - - -=Green-House.= - -_SEPTEMBER._ - - -During this month every part of the Green-house should have a thorough -cleansing, which is too frequently neglected, and many hundreds of -insects left unmolested. To preserve the wood work in good order, give -it one coat of paint every year. Repair all broken glass, white-wash the -whole interior, giving the flues two or three coats, and cover the -stages with hot-lime, white-wash, or oil-paint; examine ropes, pullies, -and weights, finishing by washing the pavement perfectly clean. If there -have been any plants in the house during summer, be sure after this -cleansing that they are clean also, before they are returned to their -respective situations. - - -OF WATERING. - -The intensity of the heat being over for the season, the heavy dews -during night will prevent so much absorption amongst the plants. They -will, in general, especially by the end of the month, require limited -supplies of water comparatively to their wants in the summer months. Be -careful amongst the _Geraniums_ that were repotted in August, not to -water them until the new soil about their roots is becoming dry. -Syringing in this month may be suspended in time of heavy dews, but in -dry nights resort to it again. - -The herbaceous plants and those of a succulent nature must be sparingly -supplied. The large trees that were put in new earth will require a -supply only once a week, but in such quantity as will go to the bottom -of the tubs. - - -PREPARING FOR TAKING IN THE PLANTS. - -About the end of the month all the plants should be examined and cleaned -in like manner as directed for those of the Hot-house last month, which -see. From the 1st to the 8th of October is the most proper time to take -them into the Green-house, except those of a half hardy nature, which -may stand out till the appearance of frost. All the Geraniums that were -put in the shade after shifting, may after the 10th be fully exposed, -which will in some degree prevent them from being weak. Turn them in -such a manner as will make them grow equally. Always endeavour to have -these plants short and bushy, for they are unsightly otherwise, except -where a few very large specimens are desired for show. All Myrtles and -Oleanders that were headed down, if the young shoots are too crowded, -continue to thin them out, and give regular turnings, that all the heads -may grow regularly. - - -STOCKS AND WALL-FLOWERS, - -That are wanted to flower in the Green-house (where they do remarkably -well) and are in the ground, have them carefully lifted before the end -of the month, and planted in six or seven inch pots, with light loamy -soil. Place them in the shade till they take fresh root, and give them -frequent sprinklings of water. As soon as the foliage becomes erect, -expose them to the full sun, and treat as Green-house plants. - - -CHRYSANTHEMUMS. - -These very ornamental plants blooming so late, and at a period when -there are few others in flower, one of each variety (or two of some of -the finest) should be lifted and put in 8 inch pots, in light loamy -soil, and treated as above directed for Stocks, &c. These will flower -beautifully from October to December, and when done blooming the pots -may be plunged in the garden, or covered with any kind of litter, until -spring, when they can be divided and planted out. - - -CAPE AND HOLLAND BULBS. - -About the end of this month is the period for all of these that are -intended for the Green-house to be potted. We specified some of the -former last month, and will here enumerate a few others. - -_Babìana_, a genus of small bulbs, with pretty blue, red, and yellow -flowers. _B. distíca_, pale blue flowers in two ranks. _B. strícta_, -flowers blue and white. _B. tubiflòra_ is beautiful, colour white and -red. _B. plicàta_ has sweet-scented pale blue flowers. There are about -twenty species of them, and they grow from six to twelve inches high. -Four inch pots are sufficient for them. - -_Gladìolus_, Corn-flag, a genus of above fifty species. There are -several very showy plants amongst them, and a few very superb. _G. -floribúndus_, large pink and white flowers. _G. cardinàlis_, flowers -superb scarlet, spotted with white. _G. byzantìnus_, large purple -flowers. _G. blándus_, flowers of a blush rose colour, and handsome. _G. -cuspidàtus_, flowers white and purple. _G. psittácinus_ is the most -magnificent of the genus, both in size and beauty of flower; the flowers -are striped with green, yellow, and scarlet, about four inches diameter, -in great profusion, on a stem about two feet high, and though rare in -Europe may be seen in some collections in this country. The beauty of -this genus is all centred in the flowers; the leaves are similar to -_Iris_. - -_Ixia_, a genus containing about twenty-five species of very -free-flowering bulbs. _I. monadélpha_, flowers blush and green. _I. -leucántha_, flowers large, white. _I. capitàta_, flowers in heads of a -white and almost black colour. _I. cònica_, flowers orange and velvet. -_I. columellàris_ is beautifully variegated with purple, blush, and -vermilion colours. The flower stems are from six to twenty-four inches -high. - -_Sparáxis_, a beautiful genus of twelve species, closely allied to the -last, but more varied in colour. _S. grandiflòra striàta_ is striped -with purple ground blush. _S. versícolor_, colours crimson, dark purple, -and yellow. _S. anemonæflòra_ is of various colours, and very similar to -_Anemòne_. - -_Tritònia_, a genus of about twenty-five species. Few of them deserve -culture in regard to their beauty. _T. crocàta_ is in our collections, -as _I. crocàta_, which is amongst the finest, and _T. zanthospìla_ has -white flowers curiously spotted with yellow. - -_Watsònia_, a genus containing several species of showy flowers, several -of which are in our collections, under the genus _Gladíolus_, but the -most of the species may easily be distinguished from it by their flat -shell formed bulbs. _W. iridifòlia_ is the largest of the genus, and has -flowers of a flesh colour. _W. ròsea_ is large growing, the flowers are -pink, and on the stem in a pyramid form. _W. humilis_ is a pretty red -flowering species. _W. fúlgida_, once _Antholyza fúlgens_, has fine -bright scarlet flowers. _W. rùbens_ is an esteemed red flowering -species, but scarce. - -These six genera are in general cultivation. There are several of others -of merit that our limits will not admit of inserting. We have no doubt -there are some splendid species that have not come under our -observation, and others which may be obtained from the Cape of Good Hope -not known in any collection. Many hundreds of superb bulbs indigenous -to that country, and of the same nature and habit of the above, have not -been seen in collections. The flowers of those which we have specified -are from one to four inches in diameter, ringent, tubular, or -campanulate. Pots from four to seven inches diameter, according to the -size of the roots, will be large enough. Give them very little water -until they begin to grow; then supply moderately, and keep them near the -light. Of the Holland or Dutch bulbs, the _Hyacinth_ is the favourite to -bloom in the Green-house. A few of the _Tulip_, _Narcissus_, _Iris_, and -_Crocus_, may for variety be also planted with any other that curiosity -may dictate. When these are grown in pots, the soil should be -four-eighths loam, two-eighths leaf mould, one-eighth decomposed manure, -one-eighth sand, well compounded; plant in pots from four to seven -inches, keep the crown of the bulb above the surface of the soil, except -of the Tulip, which should be covered two inches. When these roots are -potted, plunge them in the garden about three inches under ground; mark -out a space sufficient to contain them; throw out the earth about four -inches deep, place the pots therein, covering them with earth to the -above depth, making it in the form of a bed. Leave a trench all round to -carry off the rain. By so doing, the bulbs will root strong, the soil -will be kept in a congenial state about them, and they will prove far -superior than if done in the common method. Lift them from this bed on -the approach of frost, or not later than the second week of December, -wash the pots and take them to the Green-house. - - -OF REPOTTING. - -_Vibúrnum._ This is a good period to repot all the flowering plants of -this genus. For a full description of them, see _Green-house_, _March_. -The repotting is only intended for young plants that are wanted to grow -freely. When the _V. tìnus_ is much encouraged, it does not flower -profusely. - -_Lìlium_, Lily. There are four species of this splendid genus kept in -the Green-house. It has always been our practice to repot them when they -begin to grow, though it is said by some that, when removed at that -time, they will not flower perfectly. They will not do to be kept above -a few weeks out of the ground, and we think they ought never to be kept -out any period. We place them here, that a choice may be made by the -cultivator of either of the periods, which is not material; observing in -either case, that excess of moisture is injurious while they are -dormant. _L. longiflòrum_ grows about one foot high, with one or more -flowers. _L. longiflòrum suavèolens_, is sweet-scented, and has only one -flower. _L. japònicum_ is the most magnificent, grows about two feet -high, with three or more flowers on one stem. _L. lancifòlium_; we -incline to class this with _L. speciòsum_, there being no apparent -distinction in any character. The flowers are all of the purest white. -They require from five to seven inch pots. - - - - -=Flower Garden.= - -_SEPTEMBER._ - - -OF DAHLIAS. - -See that all these plants are supported with proper stakes, rods, &c., -that the wind may have no effect in breaking down or otherwise -destroying the flower stems. Strictly observe their respective heights -and colours, that they may be duly disposed and interspersed next year, -if not done so this. If the early part of the month is dry, give them -liberal supplies of water. - - -GENERAL CARE OF PLANTS IN POTS. - -All the flowers that are in pots, and intended to be kept in frames -during winter, should have a top-dressing, and a general preparation for -their winter quarters, by tieing up, &c. The carnation and pink layers -that were lifted and potted last month must be brought from the shade as -soon as they begin to grow; and those that are not lifted, have them -done forthwith, that they may be rooted afresh before the frost sets in. -All Wall-flowers and Stocks should be lifted this month, and planted in -five to seven inch pots, and treated as directed for carnation layers -last month, until they begin to grow, when they must be fully exposed. - - -PREPARE BEDS AND BORDERS FOR BULBOUS ROOTS. - -Bulbous roots of every character delight in deep free soil; -consequently, wherever they are desired to be planted, due attention -must be paid to put the soil in proper order, to have them in -perfection. Where there are a quantity intended to be planted, to have -them in beds is the general and preferable method. These ought to be dug -from eighteen inches to two feet deep, at the bottom of which place -three or four inches of decayed manure. Where the soil is poor it should -be enriched with well decomposed manure and earth from the woods, -incorporating both well with the soil, breaking it all fine. This being -done, allow it to stand until the middle of next month, which see for -farther directions. - - -GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. - -Tie up carefully all the _Chrysánthemums_, _Tuberoses_, &c. Clear away -the stems or haulm of any decayed annuals or herbaceous plants, that -nothing unsightly may appear. Be attentive to the collecting of all -kinds of seeds. - - - - -=Rooms.= - -_SEPTEMBER._ - - -Where there is a quantity of plants to be kept in these apartments, they -should be disposed to the best effect, and at the same time in such a -manner as will be most effectual to their preservation. A stage of some -description is certainly the best, and, of whatever shape or form, it -ought to be on castors, that it may, in severe nights of frost, be drawn -to the centre of the room. The shape may be either concave, a half -circle, or one square side. The bottom step or table should be six -inches apart, keeping each successive step one inch farther apart, to -the desired height, which may be about six feet. Allowing the first step -to be about two feet from the floor, there will be five or six steps, -which will hold about fifty pots of a common size. A stage in the form -of half a circle will hold more, look the handsomest, and be most -convenient. We have seen them circular, and when filled appeared like a -pyramid. These do very well, but they must be turned every day, or the -plants will not grow regularly. With this attention it is decidedly the -best. Green is the most suitable colour to paint them. - - -GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. - -The directions given for the Green-house this month are equally -applicable here. The _Tasseled White Chrysanthemum_, and a few other -late blooming sorts, are particularly adapted for rooms. If there is no -convenience to plunge the pots with Dutch bulbs in the garden, as -described in the Green-house of this month, give them very little water -until they begin to grow. - - - - -=Hot-House.= - -_OCTOBER._ - - -Very few directions remain to be given to the department of the -Hot-house. The supplies of water for this and the two preceding months -are, according to the state and nature of tropical plants, more limited -than at any other period of the year. This is the first month of what -may be called their dormant state. Observe the herbaceous plants, that -they are, as soon as their foliage decays, set aside, in case of being -too liberally supplied with water. Airing is highly essential about this -period, that the plants may be gradually hardened; but guard against -injuring them. The temperature should not be under fifty degrees; when -the days are cool, and the wind chilling, airing is not necessary; and -when air is admitted, always close up early in the afternoon, whilst the -atmosphere is warm, to supersede the necessity of fire as long as -possible. If at any time you have recourse to it in this month, use it -with great caution. - -Examine all the shutters and fastenings, and see that they are in good -substantial order, and where deficient repair them instantly, that they -may be in readiness. Remove all leaves, and give syringings twice a -week. Clear off, sweep out, and wash clean, that every part may be in -the neatest order. - - - - -=Green-House.= - -_OCTOBER._ - - -OF TAKING IN AND ARRANGING THE PLANTS. - -As observed in the previous month, let the housing of Green-house plants -now be attended to. Have all in before the eighth of the month, except a -few of the half hardy sorts, which may stand until convenient. Begin by -taking in all the tallest first, such as _Oranges_, _Lemons_, _Myrtles_, -_Oleanders_, &c. Limes ought to be kept in the warmest part of the -house, otherwise they will throw their foliage. In arrangement, order is -necessary to have a good effect; and in small houses it ought to be neat -and regular, placing the tallest behind, and according to their size -graduating the others down to the lowest in front. Dispose the different -sorts in varied order over the house, making the contrast as striking as -possible. Having the surface of the whole as even as practicable, with a -few of the most conspicuous for shape and beauty protruding above the -mass, which will much improve the general appearance, and greatly add to -the effect. All succulents should be put together. They will do in a -dark part of the house, where other plants would not grow, studying to -have the most tender kinds in the warmest part, and giving gentle -waterings every three or four weeks. When all are arranged, give them a -proper syringing, after which wipe clean all the stages, _benches_, &c. -sweeping out all litter, and wash clean the pavement, which will give to -all a neat and becoming appearance. - -Let the waterings now be done in the mornings, as often and in such -quantities as will supply their respective wants, examining the plants -every day. - -During the continuance of mild weather, the circulation of air must be -as free as possible, opening the doors and front and top sashes -regularly over the house. But observe in frosty nights, and wet, cloudy -weather, to keep all close shut. Be attentive in clearing off decayed -leaves and insects. - -Any plants of _Lagerstræmia_, _Stercùlia_, _Hydrángea_, _Pomegranate_, -and others equally hardy, that are deciduous, may be kept perfectly in a -dry, light, airy cellar, giving frequent admissions of air. - - -OF REPOTTING. - -_Anemònes._ Where _A. nemoròsa flòre plèno_ and _A. thalictròides flòre -plèno_ are kept in pots in the Green-house, they should be turned out of -the old earth, and planted in fresh soil. They are both pretty, low -growing, double white flowering plants, and require a shaded situation. -The latter is now called _Thalíctrum anemonoídes_. - -_Dáphne_, is a genus of diminutive shrubs, mostly evergreens, of great -beauty and fragrance. Very few species of them are in our collections. -_D. odòra_, frequently called _D. índica_, is an esteemed plant for the -delightful odour of its flowers, and valuable for the period of its -flowering, being from December to March, according to the situation; -leaves scattered, oblong, lanceolate, smooth; flowers small, white, in -many-flowered terminale heads. _D. hybrida_ is a species in high -estimation at present in Europe, but little known here, being only in a -few collections; flowers rose-coloured, in terminale heads, and lateral -bunches in great profusion, and very similar to the former in habit and -shape of flower; blooms from January to May, and is of a peculiar -fragrance. _D. oleoídes_ is what may be termed "ever-blooming;" flowers -of a lilac colour; leaves elliptic, lanceolate, smooth. _D. laurèola_, -Spurge laurel; _D. póntica_, _D. alpìna_, and _D. Cneòrum_, are all fine -species, and in Europe are esteemed ornaments in the shrubbery, but we -are not certain if they will prove hardy in our vicinity. - -_Prímula._ There are a few fine species and varieties in this genus, -adapted either for the Green-house or Rooms. All the species and -varieties will keep perfectly well in a frame, except the China sorts. -Having previously observed a few of the other species and varieties, we -will observe the treatment of these. _P. sinénsis_, now _prænitens_, -known commonly as China Primrose; flowers pink, and in large proliferous -umbels, flowering almost through the whole year, but most profusely from -January to May. Keep them in the shade, and be careful that they are not -over-watered during summer. As the stems of the plant become naked, at -this repotting a few inches should be taken off the bottom of the ball, -and placing them in a larger pot will allow the stems to be covered up -to the leaves. _P. p. albiflòra_, colour pure white and beautiful. _P. -p. dentiflòra_. There is also a white variety of this, both similar to -the two former, only the flower indented. All these require the same -treatment. As they only live a few years, many individuals, to propagate -them, divide the stems, which in most cases will utterly destroy them. -The best, and we may say the only method to increase them, is from seed, -which they produce in abundance every year. - -_Pæonia_, is a magnificent genus. There are four varieties of them, half -hardy and half shrubby. They will bear the winter if well protected, but -are better in the Green-house. These are _P. moután_, Tree Pæony; the -flower is about four inches in diameter, of a blush colour, and -semi-double; _P. M. Bànksii_ is the common Tree Pæony, and called in our -collection _P. Moutàn_; it has a very large double blush flower, and is -much admired. _P. M. papaveràcea_ is a most magnificent variety; has -large double white flowers, with pink centres; _P. M. ròsea_ is a -splendid rose-coloured double variety, and is scarce. These plants ought -not to be exposed to the sun while in flower, as the colours become -degenerated, and premature decay follows. - -If the Dutch bulbs intended for flowering during winter are not potted, -have them all done as soon as possible, according to directions given -last month. - - -CAMELLIAS. - -These plants ought to have a thorough examination, and those that were -omitted in repotting before they commenced growing, may be done in the -early part of this month; but it is not adviseable, except the roots are -matted round the ball of earth, which should be turned out entire. -Examine all the pots, stir up the surface of the earth, and take it out -to the roots, supplying its place with fresh soil. Destroy any worms -that may be in the pots, as they are very destructive to the fibres. -Look over the foliage and with a sponge and water clear it of all dust, -&c. Frequently the buds are too crowded on these plants, especially the -_Double white_ and _Variegated_. In such case pick off the weakest, and -where there are two together, be careful in cutting, so that the -remaining bud may not be injured. - -This is the best period of the year to make selections of these, as they -now can be transported hundreds of miles without any material injury, if -they are judiciously packed in close boxes. In making a choice of these, -keep in view to have distinctly marked varieties, including a few of -those that are esteemed as stocks for producing new kinds, which are -undoubtedly indispensable; and will reward the cultivator in a few years -with new sorts. Besides, it will afford unbounded gratification to -behold any of these universally admired ornaments of the Green-house -improving by our assistance and under our immediate observation. There -is nothing to prevent any individual from producing splendid varieties -in a few years. Mr. Hogg correctly observes, "It is very probable in a -few years we shall have as great a variety of Camellias, as there are of -Tulips, Hyacinths, Carnations, Auriculas, &c." - -It has been often said that these plants are difficult of cultivation. -This is unfounded, indeed they are the reverse if put in a soil -congenial to their nature. When highly manured soils are given, which -are poisonous to the plants, sickness or death will inevitably ensue; -but this cannot be attributed to the delicacy of their nature. We can -unhesitatingly say there is no Green-house plant more hardy or easier of -cultivation, and they are equally so in the parlour, if not kept -confined in a room where there is a continuance of drying fire heat, -their constitution not agreeing with an arid atmosphere. - - - - -=Flower-Garden.= - -_OCTOBER._ - - -OF PLANTING VARIOUS BULBOUS FLOWER ROOTS. - -From the middle of October to the beginning of November is the best -period for a general planting of Dutch bulbs. - -_Cròcuses_ are the earliest in flower, and may be planted about six -inches off the edgings, about four inches apart and two deep, or in beds -four feet wide; the varieties selected and planted across the bed in -rows of distinct colours, they flowering so early, and in that manner -have a grand effect. There are above sixty varieties to be had. - -_Hyacinths._ The ground that was prepared for these last month, should -be all divided into beds four feet wide, leaving between each alleys of -twenty inches. Skim off three inches of the surface of the former into -the latter, level the bed smoothly with the rake, and mark it off in -rows eight inches apart. Plant the roots in the row eight inches -asunder. Thus they will be squares of eight inches, and by planting the -different colours alternately the bed will be beautifully diversified. -Press each root gently down with the hand, that in covering up they may -not be displaced. Put about four inches of earth over the crowns, which -will make the beds from two to three inches higher than the alleys. The -beds before and after planting should be gently rounded from the middle -to each side to let the rain pass off. Finish all by raking evenly, -straighten the edgings with the line, and clear out the alleys or -pathways. - -_Tulips_ like a lighter and richer earth than Hyacinths. Prepare the -beds in the same manner, and so as the roots will stand nine inches -apart each way; cover them five inches deep, as the new bulbs are -produced above the old. - -If it is intended to screen either of these while in flower, the beds -should be made wider. Where two beds are to be shaded under one awning, -make the alleys alternately two or three feet wide; the one two feet -wide to be under the awning. - -_Polyanthus and Italian Narcissus_, may be planted in every respect as -_Hyacinths_, only they require a lighter and richer soil. - -_Jonquils._ Plant these in the same soil as _Tulips_, six inches apart, -and cover three inches deep. They do not flower so well the first year -as in the second and third, therefore should only be lifted every third -year. - -_Anemones and Ranunculuses._ These roots like a fresh rich, well -pulverized, loamy soil. In light sandy soils they will languish in early -droughts, and sometimes do not show their flowers fully. Cow manure is -the best to use for enriching the soil. The whole should be well mixed -and incorporated to the depth of eighteen or twenty inches. The roots -may be planted in four-foot beds, or in such a manner as a low frame of -boards can be placed over them, when the winter sets in very severe. If -intended to be shaded while in flower, leave a sufficiency of space in -the alleys as directed for Tulips and Hyacinths. Do not raise the beds -above one inch higher than the alleys, and form the surface level, in -order to detain rather than throw off moisture. Then draw drills exactly -two inches deep and six inches apart across the bed. In these place the -roots, claws down, about four inches distant from each other. The roots -of the Anemones are flat, and the side on which there are small -protuberances, is that from which the stems proceed. Press each root a -little down with the hand, and cover all carefully so as not to displace -them. Smooth the surface with the rake, leaving the bed quite level. - -Many other bulbous flowers might be added to the above; but as their -culture is so similar, it would be superfluous to say more of them. They -should be allowed space and depth according to the size of the bulb; a -covering of two inches for the smallest, and five for the largest, will -generally answer, and the intermediate roots in proportion. We will -enumerate a few of the different kinds, _Starch_ and _Musk Hyacinths_; -of _Narcissus_, the _Paper_, _Grand Monarque_, and _Nodding_, with the -two previously mentioned, are the most profuse in flower. Some of them -will have above twelve flowers on one stem. Of _Lilies_, all the -varieties of _Mártagon_, _Tigrìnum_ and _Chalcedónicum_, with our native -species and varieties. Of _Iris_, _Lusitánica_, two varieties, yellow -and blue; _Xiphioídes_, or _Ziphioídes_; and _Pérsica_, are the finest -of the bulbous sorts. Snow-drop with several other minor bulbs. - -All of these flowering bulbs may be advantageously planted in patches -through the garden by taking out about one square foot of earth. Break -it well, and if poor enrich it. Plant four bulbs in each of the same -colour, and the clumps that are contiguous to contain different colours. - - -PLANTING AND TRANSPLANTING. - -This is a very proper period to plant the beautiful and early flowering -_Pyrus japónica_, now called _Cydónia japónica_. The blossoms are of a -rich scarlet colour. It is the earliest flowering shrub of the garden, -and deciduous, though said by some to be "an evergreen." The plant is -bushy, and well adapted for single plants in grass plats, or forming -low ornamental hedges. There is likewise _C. j. álba_, a fine white -variety of the same habit, and both are of the hardiest nature--also for -the various species of _Anemònes_ and all the herbaceous _Pæonias_. - -Of the latter there are above nineteen species and twenty-two varieties, -a few of which are particularly esteemed, and exceedingly handsome. _P. -èdulis whitlíji_ is a splendid large double _P èdulis_ white; _P. Hùmei_ -is a beautiful large double dark blush; _P. èdulis fràgrans_ is a fine -large double scarlet, rose-scented variety. These three plants ought to -be in every garden. The flowers are full in the centre, and frequently -above six inches in diameter; _P. álba chinènsis_ is said to be the -largest and finest of the herbaceous sorts; colour pure white, with pink -at the bottom of the petals--it is a scarce variety; _P. paradóxa -fimbàtria_, fringed double red, and esteemed; _P. officinális rúbra_ is -the common double red. There are several other very fine single species -and varieties, the flowers of which are principally red or blush, but -none so magnificent as the above mentioned. This is perhaps a more -favourable period to plant _Dodecátheon_ than March; for its character -see that month of this department. _Asclèpias tuberòsa_ should now be -planted. - -_Double Primroses_, _Polyanthus_, _Daisies_, &c. Any of these that were -planted in shaded situations in spring, and have been preserved through -the summer, should have for their farther protection a bed well -sheltered from the north west, in which they should be planted four -inches apart. Give them a few sprinklings of water in the morning, and -have a temporary frame of rough boards put together to place over them -during the severity of winter. The frame may be covered with the same in -place of glass, which must be kept over them while they are in a frozen -state. - -Any other plants that are in the ground, which are intended to be -protected with frames through the winter, ought to be immediately lifted -and potted; and treated as directed for all new potted plants. - - -GRASS AND GRAVEL WALKS. - -The former should be trimly cut and well rolled this month, that they -may appear neat all winter. Never allow decayed leaves to lay any time -upon them, as they are apt to rot out the grass. The latter should be -divested of every weed, and receive a firm rolling. Clear them at all -times of leaves and other litter. These, if on a declivity, and have not -a firm substantial bottom, will be subject to be cut up with every heavy -rain. A break should be put in every twenty, forty, or eighty feet, to -throw off the water. A strong plank will answer perfectly well, but in -such situations we would prefer grass-walks. - - -PLANTING EVERGREENS. - -This month is the best period in autumn to plant these shrubs, and where -there is a great extent to be planted it would be advisable to do a -part of it now; but we give the preference to April, which see for -directions. - - -GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. - -When the plantings of bulbs, &c. are finished, every part of the garden -should have a thorough cleaning. All annual flowers will have passed the -season of their beauty; therefore, remove the decayed flower stems or -haulm, and trim off the borders. Dig all vacant ground, especially that -intended to be planted with shrubs in the ensuing spring, which ought to -be dug from one to two feet deep. Roses delight in a deep light soil. - - - - -=Rooms.= - -_OCTOBER._ - - -Have a stage or stages, as described last month, in the situations where -they are intended to remain all winter; place the plants on them from -the first to the eighth of this month, beginning with the tallest on the -top, graduating to the bottom. It is desirable to place flats or saucers -under each, to prevent the water from falling to the floor, and the -water should be emptied from the flats of all except those of _Cálla_ -and _Hydrángea_. The latter while dormant should be kept only a little -moist. - -Previous to taking in the plants, they should be divested of every -decayed leaf, insects, and all contracted dust, having their shoots -neatly tied up, and every one in correct order. Every leaf of the -_Caméllias_ ought to be sponged, and the plants placed in a cool airy -exposure, shaded from the direct rays of the sun. If the flower buds are -too crowded, picking off the weakest will preserve the remainder in -greater perfection, and prevent them in part from falling off. Do not on -any occasion keep them in a room where there is much fire heat, as the -flower buds will not expand in an arid atmosphere. See Green-house this -month more largely on this subject. - - -OF BULBOUS ROOTS. - -Those that are intended to flower in glasses, should be placed therein -this month and kept in a cool room. After the fibres begin to push a few -shoots, the glasses may be taken to the warmest apartments to cause them -to flower early. Bring a few from the coldest to the warmest every two -weeks, and thus a succession of bloom may be kept up from January to -March. Where the roots intended for pots are still out of the ground, -the sooner they are planted the better. (See last month for directions.) - -_Cape Bulbs._ All that are unplanted and offering to grow, should be put -in pots forthwith. Ample directions are given for the planting of these -in the two preceding months. - -Repot _Rùbus rosæfòlius_, or Bramble-rose. They should have pots one -size larger than those they are now in. To make them flower profusely, -when done blooming in May, divide them and put only a few stems in one -pot, and repot them in this month, as above directed. - - -GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. - -Any herbaceous plants in the collection ought to be set aside, and the -water in part withheld. When the stems and foliage are decayed, the -plants may be put in a cool cellar, where they will not be in danger of -frost, and be permitted to remain there until they begin to grow; then -bring them to the light, and treat as directed for these kinds of -plants. Deciduous plants may be treated in a similar manner. - - - - -=Hot-House.= - -_NOVEMBER._ - - -The essential points to be attended to in the Hot-house during this -month, are _fire_, _air_, and _water_. The former must be applied -according to the weather, observing not to allow the temperature to be -under fifty degrees, and it ought not to continue long at that degree; -fifty-two degrees being preferable. The shutters should be on every -night when there is any appearance of frost, and taken off early in the -morning. Admit air in small portions every day that the sun has any -effect, and the atmosphere mild, observing that the temperature of the -house be above sixty degrees previous to admission. Shut all close early -in the afternoon or when any sudden changes occur. - - -OF A CISTERN AND WATER. - -In watering it is important to have the water of the same temperature in -this department as the roots of the plants. To have this there are two -kinds of cisterns, or tanks, that might be adopted; one may be sunk in -the house under ground, either closely plastered, or lined with lead, -and neatly covered up, having a small perpendicular pump therein, or -placed so that the water could be lifted by hand. The other might, where -convenience will admit, be placed over the furnace, either in the back -shed, or inside of the house, and the water could be drawn off this by a -stop-cock. These can be supplied in part with rain water by having -spouts round the house to lead into the cisterns, supplying any -deficiency from the pump. Thus water of a congenial temperature may -always be at hand, which is of great importance to the healthful -constitution of the plants. The water must now be given in moderate -portions, examining the plants every day. Be careful in watering bulbs, -as the smallest supply is sufficient for them at present. Succulents -will require a little every two weeks, except they are over the flues, -when they may have some every week. - -Constantly clear off all decayed leaves, and carry them out of the -house, which sweep and wash clean, and keep all in the neatest order. - - - - -=Green-House.= - -_NOVEMBER._ - - -OF AIR AND WATER. - -Airing the house should be strictly attended to. Every day that there is -no frost it may be admitted largely, and in time of slight frosts in -smaller portions, never keeping it altogether close when the sun has any -effect on the interior temperature of the house, which should not be -allowed to be higher than fifty degrees. - -Water must be given in a very sparing manner. None of the plants are in -an active state of vegetation, consequently it will be found that -looking over them twice a week and supplying their wants will be -sufficient. Succulents will need a little once in three weeks or a -month. Give very moderate supplies to the _Amaryllis_ that are dormant, -and keep all of these bulbs in the warmest part of the house. - - -OF TENDER BULBS. - -Where there are tropical bulbs in the collection, and there is not the -convenience of a Hot-house; they may be very well preserved by shaking -them clear of the soil. Dry them properly, and place them in a box of -very dry sand, or moss, which also must be perfectly dry, and put them -in a situation where they will be clear of frost, and free from damp. -These can be potted about the first of April. Give no water till they -begin to grow, then plant them in the garden about the middle of May, -when they will flower during the summer season, if their age will -permit. - - -GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. - -If there are any of the half hardy plants exposed, have them taken into -the house, or under the requisite protection, in frames, pits, cellars, -&c. The autumn flowering Cape bulbs should be placed near the glass, and -free from the shade of other plants. Cleanliness through the whole house -and amongst the plants ought at all times to be attended to. - - - - -=Flower-Garden.= - -_NOVEMBER._ - - -Wherever there are any Holland bulbs remaining unplanted, have them put -in as soon as possible, lest frost should set in. It is not advisable to -keep them later out of the ground than the beginning of this month. - - -PROTECTION OF CHOICE BULBS. - -On the appearance of the severity of winter, the finer sorts of these -should have a simple protection, not because they will not do without -such care, but to prevent the alternate thawing and freezing of the -embryo of the bulb. To give them a covering three inches deep of any of -the following substances, will do perfectly well,--saw-dust not -resinous, old tan bark, half decayed leaves, or very rotten manure. The -last is preferable, as it would in part enrich the soil. - -_Anemònes_ and _Ranunculus_ ought to be protected by a frame; the -foliage being above ground, none of the above will answer. It is not -necessary that the frame should be covered with glass, close boards will -answer perfectly, which must not be over them except during frost. - - -TUBEROSES, DAHLIAS, TIGRIDIAS, AND AMARYLLIS. - -These tubers and bulbs, as soon as the frost has partly injured the -foliage, should be taken up, and dried thoroughly, either in the sun or -a room where there is fire heat, taking care at all times to keep them -clear from frost. When they are dry, divest them of their foliage and -fibres. When perfectly dry, pack them in boxes with dry sand, or moss. -Store these away for the winter, either in a warm room or a dry cellar, -where they will at all times be exempt from frost, the least touch of -which would destroy them. We have kept them completely secure in the -cellar. - - -ERYTHRINAS. - -Where there are any plants of _E. herbàcea_, _E. laurifòlia_, or _E. -crísta-gálla_, which are intended to be lifted, they should be carefully -done and preserved in half dry earth, and kept beside the _Dáhlias_. We -are not sure of the former agreeing with this treatment, but certain of -the others, which are magnificent ornaments in the Flower-garden. - - -PRIMROSES, POLYANTHUS, AND DAISIES, - -That were planted in a sheltered spot, as directed last month, should -have a frame placed over them, and their covering in readiness for the -approach of winter; giving the plants a light covering of leaves, which -will preserve their foliage from the effects of frost. - - -CHOICE CARNATIONS, PINKS, AND AURICULAS, - -That are in pots, should be placed in the frame intended for their abode -during winter. If the pots are plunged to the rims in tan, half decayed -leaves, or saw dust, it will greatly protect their roots from the severe -effects of frost. Where glass is used for these frames, they should have -besides a covering of boards, or straw mats; those that are in beds may -be covered as above directed for Primroses, &c. - -They ought not to be uncovered while in a frozen state. It is not -altogether the intensity of cold that destroys these plants so much as -the alternate thawing and freezing. - -All half hardy plants, such as _Wall-flower_, _German stocks_, -_Sweet-bay_, tender roses, with several others, should be protected as -above directed for Carnations. Earth or tan should be put round the -outside of these frames, which will be a partial shelter from the -changing state of the atmosphere. Oak leaves answer the purpose very -well, but they are a harbour for all kinds of vermin, especially rats -and mice, which would destroy every thing. It may be useful to say a few -words on the nature of tan or tanner's bark. Many suppose that the -smallest quantity will produce heat, If three or four cart loads of it -are put into one heap, and protected from the rain, it will ferment; and -when the first fermentation is abated, by mixing it with leaves, a -substantial hot-bed may be made. Or put it by itself into a pit, and -where there is no pit, boards may be substituted to keep it together; -either of these methods will produce a lasting heat. But in small -quantities and exposed to rain, &c. no heat will be produced, but rather -the contrary. It is excellent when dry in keeping out frost from any -plants, being a body not easily penetrated, similar to dry sand, -saw-dust, or dry leaves. Frequently the same opinion is held in regard -to stable manure, small portions of which will never produce heat. - - -OF PROTECTING PLANTS IN THE GARDEN. - -During this or next month, according to the state of the season, protect -all the plants that are in the ground, which are not completely hardy. -To avoid repetition, these will be designated in the general list. The -coverings may be straw, Russia mats, canvass, boxes or barrels. The two -latter must be perforated in the top, to let the damp air pass off, or -the plant would become musty, or finally mortify. Those covered with -straw or mats should have small stakes placed round the plants, and -covering tied thereto, and remain so until the month of March or first -of April. Herbaceous plants that are tender, may be covered with three -or four inches of tan, saw-dust, or half decayed leaves, which will tend -greatly to preserve their roots. These coverings must be carefully -removed on the first opening of spring. The shrubs that are otherwise -covered would be greatly benefited by having their roots protected in a -similar manner as directed for herbaceous plants. - - -PROTECTION OF SEEDLING BULBS. - -If any seeds of _Hyacinths_, _Tulips_, _Fritillària_, were sown in pots -or boxes, let them be removed to a dry sheltered situation, and plunged -level with the ground; or fill the spaces between them with dry leaves -or tanner's bark, and cover the whole with new fallen leaves, laying -over all a few boards to prevent the wind blowing them off. These form -better coverings than straw or haulm, which is liable to become musty, -and communicate the effect to the roots. The above covering is not -required until the approach of severe frost. - - -OF PLANTING DECIDUOUS TREES AND SHRUBS. - -It is not recommendable to make a general planting of these at this -period of the year; the success entirely depending on the nature of the -season and the state of the soil. If any are planted, let them be those -of the hardiest nature, and in light and absorbent soil, not subject to -be stagnated or over-flooded during winter. When this and next month are -mild, autumn plantings are frequently as sure as those of the spring. -But the precarious state of the seasons is not to be depended upon, -therefore avoid largo plantings of any kind, and more especially of -delicate roses, the roots of which are apt to rot off except they have -been previously grown in pots. Nothing can be more injurious to a plant -at this season particularly, than to bed its roots in mortar, by which -the tender fibres either perish or are cramped ever afterwards. The soil -at time of planting should be so friable as not to adhere to the spade, -which is a good rule in planting at any season, or in any soil. - - -GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. - -Carry out of the garden all decayed leaves and litter of every -description, cutting down any weeds that remain. Collect all the stakes -and rods that have been supporting plants; tie them up in bundles for -the use of next year, and put them under cover. Look over every part of -the garden, and see that nothing has been omitted in the way of covering -or other protection. The sashes that are to be used on the frames should -be perfectly whole, every interstice in the glass puttied, and all ready -for use when occasion may require. Attend to all plants in pots, and -give them gentle waterings as they stand in need; but never during the -time the soil is frozen about their roots. - - - - -=Rooms.= - -_NOVEMBER._ - - -GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. - -The remarks and instructions that are given last month for these -apartments will equally answer here. Where the Dutch bulbs were omitted -to be placed in glasses, they ought not to be longer delayed. A few pots -of those that were planted in September may be placed in a warmer -situation. If they were plunged in the ground, the roots will be -strongly fibred, and will produce large flowers, providing the bulbs are -of a good sort. - -_Oxàlis._ The autumn flowering species will now be in bloom, and must be -kept in the sun to make them expand freely. The neglect of this is the -principal reason that these plants do not flower perfectly in Rooms. - -_Caméllias._ These plants, where there is a collection, flower from this -period to April; and the general desire to be fully acquainted with the -method of their culture has induced us to be liberal in our observations -on every point and period through the various stages of their growth and -flowering. We will here only remind the enquirer, that a pure air, a -damp atmosphere, and giving the plants frequent sprinklings, are the -present necessities, which only are conducive to their perfection. - -Attend to the turning of Geraniums and other rapid growing plants, that -all sides of them may have an equal share of light. - - - - -=Hot-House.= - -_DECEMBER._ - - -The uncertainty of the weather in this month requires the operator to be -constantly on guard, to ward off danger, either from frost, snow, or -cutting winds. The temperature observed last month must be continued, -but not exceeded, which would cause premature vegetation, of which the -result and effects have already been frequently observed. Always kindle -the fires in time, to prevent the heat from being lower than what has -been mentioned, lest a severe frost should take, as then a considerable -lapse ensues before the fire has any effect, and if the wind blows high, -the result might be injurious, unless the house be very close. - - -OF SHUTTERS. - -The benefit of these in severe weather is of material service, for the -preservation of an even temperature in the house during the night, when -changes are not observed, but they ought never to remain on through the -day when the fire can be properly attended to. If the front and the -lowest sash of the roof are covered with these, it is generally -sufficient. They should be made of half inch boards, closely grooved -together, having a cross bar in the centre, and one at each end with one -at each side, which will make them substantial. If they are frequently -painted with care, they will last many years. No snow ought to be -allowed to lay on these while they are on the glass, for reasons that we -have assigned. See _January_ and _February_. - -Some adopt double panes of glass to supersede the use of shutters, -which, they think are attended with considerable labour, (at the most -only ten minutes a day while in use.) The sash frame is made a little -deeper, so as to allow half an inch between the panes of glass. The one -is glazed from the out and the other from the inside. It appears to -answer the purpose tolerably well, but the glass must be both fine and -even in the surface, lest a lens should be produced, and cause a focus, -which would evidently hurt some part of the plants. We are almost -confident that we have seen this effect in some instances. There must be -a small hole about an eighth of an inch in both ends of each row of -glass to allow a current to dry up the moisture that may arise. - - -OF PLACING BULBS, &c. IN THE HOT-HOUSE. - -If any _Hyacinths_ or other Dutch roots are wanted to flower early, a -few of them may be put in the Hot-house near the front glass, which will -greatly tend to forward their time of flowering. By having some brought -in every two weeks, a continued succession of bloom will be kept up. - -_Calceolàrias._ Two or three plants of the fine blooming kinds may be -placed in this department, towards the end of the month. Divide the -roots as soon as they begin to grow, leaving only one stem to each -root, which put in a four inch pot, enlarging it as soon as the roots -extend to the outside of the ball, that by the month of May they may be -in seven or eight inch pots, in which they will flower superbly. Give -_Alstr[oe]merias_ the same treatment. - - -GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. - -If there is a tan bed in the house, and it was renewed in September, the -pots should now be plunged therein. The violent heat will partly be -over, and the plants are not so liable to suffer at root in this as last -month. It will in part prevent the plants from being affected by sudden -changes of temperature. Be attentive in keeping all insects completely -under. This is the period that these are most neglected, but by -attending to the modes of their destruction, as already given, no -species of them will either be hurtful or unsightly. Syringe the plants -about twice a week, and always remember that decayed leaves or litter of -any description do not beautify healthy plants, neither do they form a -part of a well kept Hot-house. - - - - -=Green-House.= - -_DECEMBER._ - - -The weather may probably be now severe, and it is at all times advisable -to keep the temperature as steady and regular as possible. The -thermometer should be kept in the centre of the house, and free from the -effects of reflection. As noticed last month, sun heat may be as high as -50° in the house, and would not be hurtful, but it should not continue -so for any considerable time without admission of air. The fire heat -should not exceed 43°, and never be below 33°. It ought not to continue -at that point--36° is the lowest for a continuation that with safety can -be practised. So that no error may occur, the temperature ought to be -known in the coolest and warmest part of the house, and the variation -remembered. Then whatever part of the house the thermometer is placed, a -true calculation of the heat of the whole interior can be made. We would -recommend to the inexperienced to keep the thermometer in the coldest -part of the house. A Green-house compactly and closely built, and the -glass all covered with shutters, (which no house ought to be constructed -without,) will seldom require artificial heat; but by being long kept -close, the damp will increase. In such case give a little fire heat, and -admit air to purify the house. In fresh mild weather, give liberal -portions of air all over the house; and though there is a little frost, -while mild, and the sun shining, the plants will be benefited by a small -portion of air for the space of an hour, or even for half of that time. - -Whatever state the weather may be through the winter, never keep the -house long shut up. Thirty-six hours, or at most sixty, should be the -longest time at once; rather give a little fire heat. - -We are no advocates for keeping plants long in darkness, and never think -that our plants are receiving justice, if kept longer in darkness than -two nights and one day. - -Respecting watering and other necessary operations, see next month -particularly. - - -BULBOUS ROOTS. - -Those that were plunged in the garden, if not lifted and brought under -cover, should now be done without delay. Clean the pots, and stir up the -surface of the soil. Hyacinths grow neatest by being kept very close to -the top glass; the flower stems are thereby stronger and shorter. Water -moderately until they begin to grow freely. - - - - -=Flower Garden.= - -_DECEMBER._ - - -GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. - -Having in the preceding month, under this head, given details for the -protection of plants of a delicate nature, and the forwarding of -necessary work, only a few remarks remain to be added. If there is any -part therein described omitted, have it done forthwith; every day -increases the danger of the effects of frost. If there is a doubt of any -plants not standing without protection which are generally considered -perfectly hardy, such as _Champney_, _Grevillii_, _Noisette_, and -similar roses, tie straw or mats three or four feet up the stems of -such, which will prevent all risk.[J] For valuable plants that are on -walls, and in danger of being entirely destroyed, it is advisable to be -at the expense of having a frame made to answer them, and cover the same -with oil-cloth. The frame thus covered could be taken off in mild -weather, and replaced again when necessary, causing very little trouble; -and if properly taken care of, would last many years. Coverings of any -construction and of the same material would answer for any part of the -garden, and are the best in our opinion that could be adopted. - -[J] In the winter of 1831-1832, some of these roses were cut to the -ground, where strong plants of _Lagerstr[oe]mia índica_ received not the -smallest injury. - - - - -=Rooms.= - -_DECEMBER._ - - -As the trying season is now approaching for all plants that are kept in -rooms, especially those that are desired to have a flourishing aspect -through the winter, a few general instructions (although they may have -been previously advanced) will perhaps be desirable to all those who are -engaged in this interesting occupation, which forms a luxury through the -retired hours of a winter season, and with very little attention many -are the beauties of vegetative nature that will be developed to the -gratification of every reflecting mind. The following is a routine of -every day culture. - -Do not at any time admit air (except for a few moments) while the -thermometer is below 32° exposed in the shade. - -In time of very severe frosts the plants ought to be withdrawn from the -window to the centre of the room during night. - -Never give water until the soil in the pots is inclining to become dry, -except for Hyacinths and other Dutch bulbs that are in a growing state, -which must be liberally supplied. - -Destroy all insects as soon as they appear; for means of destruction see -next month. - -Give a little air every favourable opportunity, (that is, when the -thermometer is above 33° exposed in the shade,) by putting up the -window one, two or three inches, according to the state of the weather. - -Clean the foliage with sponge and water frequently to remove all dust, -&c. The water thus used must not exceed 96° or blood-heat, but 60° is -preferable. - -Turn the plants frequently to prevent them growing to one side. - -_Roses_ of the daily sort may be obtained early by having them in a warm -room, that has a south window, and as soon as they begin to grow, admit -air in small portions about noon every day that the sun has any effect. -Such must be well supplied with water. - -_Caméllias_, when in bud and flower, should never be allowed to become -the least dry, neither confined from fresh air. The effects would be -that the buds would become stinted, dry, and drop off. Therefore, to -have these in perfection, attend strictly to watering. Give frequent -airings, and wash the leaves once in two weeks with water. Never keep -them above one day in a room, where there is a strong coal fire, and not -above two days where wood is used as fuel. The most of _Caméllias_ will -bear 3° of frost without the smallest injury, so that they are easier -kept than _Geraniums_, except when they are in bloom. In that state -frost will destroy the flowers. The air of a close cellar is destruction -to the buds. - -Bulbs in glasses must be supplied with fresh water once a week, in which -period they will inhale all the nutritive gas that they derive from that -element, if they are in a growing state. - - -ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF A HOT-HOUSE. - -There have been many plans devised and visionary projects offered to the -public as the best for a well regulated Hot-house. As we intend forming -one for practical purposes, we shall adopt a convenient size, have flues -for the conveyance of heat, and coal or wood for fuel. - -_Site and Aspect._--The house should stand on a situation naturally dry, -and if possible sheltered from the north west, and clear from all shade -on the south, east and west, so that the sun may at all times act -effectually upon the house. The standard principle as to aspect is to -set the front directly to the south. Any deviation from that point -should incline to east. - -_Dimensions._--The length may be from ten feet upwards; but if beyond -thirty feet, the number of fires and flues are multiplied. The medium -width is from twelve to sixteen feet. Our directions will apply to the -two extreme points, viz. thirty feet by sixteen, and in height at back -from twelve to eighteen feet; the height in front six feet, including -about three feet in brick basement to support the front glass, which -will be two and a half feet, allowing six inches for frame work. - -_Furnace and Flues._--It is of great importance to have these erected in -such a manner as will effectually heat the house. The greatest -difficulty is to have the furnace to draw well. As workmen are not -generally conversant on the subject, nor yet understand the effect or -distribution of heat in these departments, we will give minute details -on their construction. The furnace should be outside of the house, -either at back or end; the former is preferable, circumstances not -always allowing it on the other plan. Dig out the furnace hole, or what -is termed stock hole, about five feet deep. Let the door of the furnace -be in the back wall of the house, thereby having all the heated building -inside, that no heat may be lost. The brick work round the furnace -should be from fifteen to eighteen inches thick, laying the inside with -fire-brick. The furnace will require to be two and a half feet long, ten -inches wide, and one foot high, before the spring of the arch and clear -of the bars; leave one foot for an ash pit, then lay the bars. They -should be sixteen inches long, one inch broad on the upper side, two -inches deep, and two eighths broad on the lower side, and with the door -and frame should be cast iron. Half an inch between each bar will be -sufficient. The flue should rise from the furnace by a steep declivity -of about two feet, and pass the door of the house (without a dip), when -it must be elevated above the level of the floor of the house along the -front, and at the opposite end of the house must dip to pass the door. -The dip must not be lower than the top of the furnace, and should be of -a concave form, (avoiding acute angles.) Lead it along the back to enter -the wall over the furnace. When thus taken round the house, the heat -will be expanded before it passes off, The inside of the flues should be -about six inches wide and eight inches deep; plaster the bottom of it, -but no other part, as plaster is partially a non-conductor. The above -description is for burning anthracite coal, but where wood is to be the -fuel, the furnace and flues must be one half larger. We have been -particular in the description of furnace bars, as those generally used -are miserable substitutes. Circumstances may cause the furnace to be -placed at the end or front of the house. In either case the stock hole -will not require to be so deep; or where there is only one door in the -house a stock hole three and a half feet deep will be enough, which -should be built like a cellar to keep out any under water. In all -instances pass the first flue to the front of the house, over which have -a close shelf eight inches clear, covered with two inches of sand, and -by keeping it moist will afford a very congenial heat to young valuable -plants. Likewise over the furnace have a frame in the same manner, which -will be found valuable. Any part of the furnace or flue that is under -the floor of the house, should have a vacuity on both sides to let the -heat pass upward. - -_Bark Pit._--We consider such an erection in the centre of a Hot-house a -nuisance, and prefer a stage, which may be constructed according to -taste. It should be made of the best Carolina pine, leaving a passage -round the whole to cause a free circulation of air. The back and end -paths should be about two feet wide, and the front three feet. The angle -of the stage should be parallel with the glass, having the steps from -six inches to one foot apart. - -Where there are some large plants, they may stand on the floor behind -the stage, or on tressels, according to their height. - -_Angle of the glazed roof._--The pitch of the roof is usually varied to -agree with the design of the house, and the size of the plants to be -grown therein. Where pleasure and ornament are the principal objects, -the angle should be about 43°, but a few degrees of inclination either -way is of minor importance, the height and elevation being regulated by -the size of the plants intended to be cultivated. It is not advisable to -shingle any part of the roof on the south aspect. - -_Materials for glazed frames._--Carolina pine is the best material for -the wood work, as it is not so subject to decay from moisture and heat -as the other kinds of pine wood. The frames or sashes can be of any -convenient length, not exceeding ten feet, and about three and a half or -four feet wide, divided so as they can be glazed with glass six inches -wide. - -_Of glazing._ The pieces of glass should not exceed six inches by ten, -the lappings about one quarter of an inch. The frames ought to have one -coat of paint previous to glazing, and all under the glass puttied. Some -prefer the lappings to be puttied also. It is our opinion that in a -Hot-house these should not be puttied, but in the Green-house the closer -they can be made the better. - -_Of Shutters._--These should be made of half inch white pine, and bound -on both ends and sides, having a cross piece in the middle of the same. -They ought to be painted once in three years. - - -ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF A GREEN-HOUSE. - -In many respects, the construction of the Green-house will be the same -as the Hot-house, but might be made much more an ornamental object, and -could be erected contiguous to the mansion-house, with large folding -doors to open at pleasure, and be connected with the drawing-room or -parlour. The extent may vary according to the collection to be -cultivated. - -It was formerly the practice to build these houses with glass only in -front, and even to introduce between the windows strong piers of brick -or stone: but this is now abolished, and has given way to a light and -ornamental style, by which cheerfulness and the desired utility are -better consulted. There should be conveniences in the back part of the -house, that a free current of air may be obtained whenever desired, -which is an essential point. Two or three dark windows will answer the -purpose well, if made to open and shut at pleasure. - - - - -ON LAYING OUT A FLOWER-GARDEN. - - -_Soil, situation, and ground--Plan._--A soil of common good qualities, -moderately light and mellow, will grow most of the hardy herbaceous -flowers, and the evergreen and deciduous ornamental shrubs. The -situation should not be so low as to be damp and wet, or liable to be -inundated, neither so high as to be scorched or dried up by the sun. The -surface should be level or moderately sloping, and if unequal, parts of -it may be transposed, so as to make gentle inclinations. In regard to -form, it may be of any shape, and must be often adapted to local -circumstances; but if it is so circumscribed that the eye can at once -embrace the whole, it is desirable that it should be of some regular -figure. - -_Of Fences._--Where domestic buildings do not serve as a boundary, -either paling or hedge-fence has to be resorted to: we would prefer the -former on the north or north-west side, which is of great advantage as a -screen from cutting winds. For hedge-fences and their kinds, see page -210. The exotic observed there is _Thùja orientàlis_, Chinese -Arbor-vitæ. The internal fences for shade or shelter to particular -compartments, or to afford a diversity of aspect, may be made of -_Sweetbriar_, _hardy China roses_, _Pyrus_, _red_ and _white_, with a -few others of a similar nature, all of which must be attended to, to -have them in neat order. - -_Style of dividing the Ground._--This may vary with the extent of the -ground, and the object of the cultivator. - -The principal designs may be delineated, but one to answer every view -and situation, we pretend not to give. In the first place, carry a -boundary walk all round the garden, on one or two sides of which it may -be straight, the others winding. The intersecting walks should (almost -imperceptibly) lead to a centre, but not to cross at right angles, or -to have parallel lines, as if divided or laid down by a mathematical -scale, which is too formal for the diversification of nature. All walks -through these pleasure departments should be winding and enlivening, not -continuing any length in one direction.[K] The continuous view of a -straight walk is dull and monotonous. The divisions should be highest -about the centre, that whatever is planted therein may have effect; and -to make a Flower-garden fully interesting, and render it a source of -natural information, where free scope might at all times be afforded to -employ the leisure hours in mental improvement, there should be a good -system of arrangement adopted. - -[K] Since writing the above we have seen the Flower-garden of J. B. -Smith, Esq. and consider it a beautiful specimen, finely illustrating -the taste of that gentleman. - -The _Linnean_ system is the most easily acquired. A small compartment -laid out in beds might contain plants of all the twenty-four _classes_, -and a few of all the hardy _orders_, which do not exceed one hundred. Or -to have their natural characters more assimilated, the _Jussieuean_ -system could be carried into effect by laying down a grass plat, to any -extent above one quarter of an acre, and cut therein small figures to -contain the natural families, which of hardy plants we do not suppose -would exceed one hundred and fifty. The difficulties of this arrangement -are, that many of the characters are imperfectly known even to the most -scientific. _Mr. John Lindley_ has given additional light on the subject -by his last publication. All the large divisions should be intersected -by small allies, or paths, about one and a half or two feet wide. These -may be at right angles, or parallel, for convenience and order, in -making beds, &c. for the various Dutch roots and other flowers. Patches -or plats of grass studded with shrubs, deciduous and evergreen, are -indispensable, and perhaps one or two grass walks. - -_Of Walks._--These should have five or six inches of lime and brick -rubbish, or broken stone in the bottom, covered with small pebbles, and -firmly rolled with a heavy roller, over which lay two or three inches of -fine gravel, giving the whole a complete rolling. Walks made on this -method will stand well, and be always dry and firm. With regard to -breadth, they must be made according to the extent of ground, and vary -from three to thirty feet; from four to eight feet is generally -adopted. - - - - -_Plants described or mentioned in this Work._ - - - _Linnæan Name_. _English Name_. - - ACÀCIA 61, 219. - 1 móllis, downy. - glaucéscens, glaucescent. - verticiláta, whorl-leaved. - florabùnda, many-flowered. - diffùsa, spreading. - _prostràta_. - armàta, armed. - var. pendùla, weeping. - verniciflùa, varnished. - decúrrens, decurrent. - púbescens, hairy-stemmed. - leucolòbia, white-podded. - _dealbàta_. - decípiens, paradoxical. - fragràns, scented. - pulchélla, neat. - lophántha, two-spiked. - _Mimósa élegans_. - myrtifòlia, myrtle-leaved. - Catéchu, Catechu. - véra, true. - Arábica, Arabian. - - ANNESLÈIA 219. - 1 Houstóni, Houston's. - _Acàcia Houstóni_. - grandiflòra, large-flowered. - _Acácia grandiflòra_. - - ACMADÈNIA 86. - 6 lávigata, smooth. - púngens, pungent. - tetragýnia, four-sided. - - AGATHÓSMA 86. - 6 accuminàta, taper-pointed. - hýbrida, hybrid. - Thunbergiàna, Thunberges. - imbricàta, imbricated. - prolífera, proliferous. - pátula, spreading. - pulchélla, pretty. - ciliáta, profuse-flowering. - - ADENÁNDRA 86. - 6 speciòsa, large-flowered. - umbellàta, umbel-flowered. - álba, white-flowered. - fragràns, sweet-scented. - uniflòra, one-flowered. - - ANEMÓNE 134. Wind-flower. - 15 palmàta plèno, double-yellow. - stellàta versícolor, various. - pavonìna plèno, scarlet. - narcissiflòra, narcissus-flowered. - Hallèri, Haller's. - alpìne, alpine. - nemoròsa plèno, double-leaved. - thalictròides " common-double. - - AMÓMUM 36. - - ATRÀGENE 196. - alpìna, alpine. - - ÁPICRA 260. - - AMARÝLLIS 260, 271, 274. - 11 striatfòlia, stripe-leaved. - Jonsòni, Johnson's. - regìna, Mexican-lily. - vittàta, striped. - fùlgida, fulged. - àulica, crowned. - psittácina, parrot. - " Cowbèrgia, Cowberges'. - " pulverulènta, powdered. - Griffìni, Griffin's. - formòsa, large. - - ANTIRRHÌNUM 134, Snap-dragon. - màjus, large. - mólle, soft. - Sículum, Sicilian. - - ASCLÈPIAS 134, 321, Silk-flower. - tuberòsa, tuberous. - rùbra, red. - nívea, white. - purpuráscens, purple-coloured. - incarnàta, fleshy-coloured. - - ACONÍTUM 134, Wolfe's-bane. - speciòsum, showy. - anthòra, wholesome. - neúrbergensis, Syria. - amæ'num, pretty. - napéllus, monk's-hood. - venústum, beautiful. - zoóctonum, beast-bane. - pyramidále, pyramidal. - lycóctonum great-yellow. - albùm, white. - versícolor, three-coloured. - - ÁLOE 219, 271. - 10 vulgàris, common. - Barbadénsis, Barbadoes. - oblíqua, oblique. - dichótoma, smooth-stemmed. - lineàta, red-edged. - - ADÓNIS 134. - vernális, spring. - - ARISTÉA 125. - 5 cyànea, blue. - - ALSTR[OE]MERIA 18, 57, 229, 339. - 10 flós-martína, san-martin. - pelegrìna, spotted. - pulchélla, pretty. - atro-purpùrea, dark. - - AGROSTÉMMA 143. - flós-cucùla, ragged-robin. - _Lychnìs flós-cucùla_. - - ARAUCÀRIA 261. - 12 excélsa, Norfork-Island-pine. - imbricàta, Chile-pine. - - APHÉLEXIS 88. - 5 hùmilis, dwarf. - _Elichrýsum spectábile_. - - AMÓRPHA 45. - - ASTÉLMA 93. - 8 exímia, beautiful. - spiràlis, spiral-leaved. - speciosíssimus, showy. - fruticàns, frutescent. - imbricàtum, imbricated. - - ANGÓPHORA 107. - 6 cordifòlia, heart-leaved. - híspida, hispid. - - ALOÝSIA 123. - 9 citriodòra, lemon-scented. - _Verbéna tripfýlla_. - - AMPELÒPSIS 198. - hederàcea, Virginian creeper. - _Císsus hederàcea_. - - ARISTOLÓCHIA 221. Birth-wort. - 9 labiòsa, lipped. - - ASTRAP`ÆA 221. - 12 wallíchii, Wallich's. - - ARÉCA 221. Cabbage-tree. - 12 cátechu, catechu. - olerácea, eatable. - montàna, mountain. - - ARDÍSIA 220. - 10 crenulàta, crenulate. - solanàcea, night-shade-leaved. - élegans, elegant. - umbellàta, umbel-flowered. - _littoràlis_. - - AGATHAÉA 82. - 12 cæléstus, blue. - - AGAPÁNTHUS 62. African lily. - umbellàtus, umbel-flowered. - var. variegàtus, striped-leaved. - - ALONSÒA 62. - incisifòlia, nettle-leaved. - _Hemímeris urticifòlia_. - lineàris - _Hemímeris lineàris_. - - AÙCUBA 63. - 4 japónica, blotch-leaved. - - ANAGÝRIS 63. - 4 fætida, strong smelling. - - AZÁLEA 63. - 5 índica, Chinese. - " álba, white. - " purpùrea, double. - " ph[oe]nícea, purple. - sinénse, yellow. - - AÒTUS 64. - 1 villòsa, villous. - virgáta, slender. - - ANDERSÒNIA 64. - 6 sprengelioídes, sprengilia-like. - - ÁRBUTUS 64. Strawberry-tree. - 7 Unèdo, common. - " rùbra, red-flowered. - hýbrida hybrid. - _serratifòlia_, _andrachnoides_. - andráchne, oriental. - - - BÁNKSIA 64. - 8 dentàta, tooth-leaved. - æ'mula, deeply sawed. - serráta, saw-leaved. - _undulàta_. - latifòlia, broad-leaved. - grándis, great-flowered. - speciòsa, long-leaved. - cunninghàmii, Cunningham's. - spinulòsa, spiny-leaved. - palludòsa, marsh. - rèpens, creeping - verticillàta, whorl-leaved. - - BLÈTIA 66. - 9 hyacinthìna, hyacinthine. - _Cymbídium hyacinthìnum_. - - BÒRONIA 66 - 5 pinnáta, scented. - serruláta, rose-scented. - aláta, wing-leaved. - - BARÓSMA 86. - 6 serratifòlia, saw-leaved. - pulchèlla, blunt-leaved. - f[oe]tidíssima, strong-scented. - odoráta, odoriferous. - dioíca, dioecious. - - BABÌANA 303. - 11 distíca two-ranked. - strícta, erect. - tubiflòra, tube-flowered. - plicáta, plaited. - - BRUNSVÌGIA 222. - 11 multiflòra, many-flowered. - laticòma, broad-headed. - Josephínæ, Josephine's - falcáta, falcate - margináta, red-margined - cilliáris, hairy-margined. - - BAMBUSA 222. Bamboo-cane. - 14 arundinàcea, reed-like. - - BANISTÈRIA 223. - fúlgens, fulgent. - chrisophýlla, shining. - splèndens, splendid. - - BARRINGTÒNIA 223. - 10 speciòsa, showy. - - BRÒWNEA 233. - 10 coccínea, scarlet. - ròsa, Trinidad-rose. - grandicéps, grandest. - - BOUVÁRDIA 66. - 7 triphýlla, three-leaved. - Jacquínii, shark-leaved. - _Ìxora americána_. - - BRACHYSÈMA 66. - 5 latifòlium, broad-leaved. - undulátum, wave-leaved. - - BURCHÉLLIA 67. - 10 capénsis, cape. - parviflòra, small-flowered. - - BEAUFÓRTIA 67. - 8 decussáta, cross-leaved. - spàrsa, alternate-leaved. - - BRÙNIA 67. - 5 nodiflòra, imbricated. - languinósa, woolly. - comòsa, tufted. - abrotanoídes, southern wood-like. - formòsa, handsome. - - BÓSEA 67. Golden-rod-tree. - 5 yervamóra. - - B`ÆCKIA 67. - 6 camphoráta, camphor. - pulchélla, neat. - virgáta, slender. - - BILLARDIÉRA 68. Apple-berry. - longiflòra, long-flowered. - mutàbilis, changeable. - scándens, climbing. - fusifórmis, long-fruited. - - BÉLLIS 135. Daisy. - perénnís hortensis var. var. garden. - - BALLÓTA 260. - 11 purpúrea, purple-flowered. - _Amarýllis purpúrea_. - - BELLADÓNNA 208. - 11 purpuráscens, Belladonna Lily. - _Amarýllis Belladónna_. - - BIGNÒNIA 197. Trumpet-flower. - crucígera, cross-bearing. - grandiflòra, large-flowered. - rádicans, rooting. - - - COTYLÉDON 39. - - COLÙTEA 45. - - CÝTICUS 45. - - CÁLTHA 135. - palústris plèno, double yellow. - - CHAM´ÆROPS 262. Dwarf-fan-palm. - 12 sp. sp. - - CÓRYPHA 232. Large-fan-palm. - 11 ambraculifera, large. - talìera, great. - - CLÉMATIS 196, 138, 83, Virgin's-bower. - 12 integrifòlia, entire-leaved. - angustifòlia, narrow-leaved. - erécta, erect-growing. - viticélla pulchélla, double-blue. - flámmula, sweet-scented. - virginiàna, Virginian. - flòrida plèno, double-white. - aristàta, awned. - brachiàta, armed. - - COB´ÆA 83. - scándens, climbing. - - CALLICÁRPA 229. - - CAROLINEA 229. Cream-nut. - 17 insignis, great-flowered. - álba, white-flowered. - prínceps, digitated. - robústa, robust. - - CARYÓTA 229. - 12 ùrens, stinging. - - CALÀTHEA 223. - zebrìna Zebra-plant. - _Maránta Zebrína_. - - CÁNNA 224, 35. Indian-shot. - 3 gigántea, tall. - limbàta, bordered. - díscolor, two-coloured. - iridiflòra, nodding-flowered. - - CÁCTUS 224, 271. - - CÈRUS 225. - 18 peruviànus, Peruvian. - heptagònus, seven-angled. - flagellifórmus, creeping. - grandiflòrus, night-blooming. - triangulàris, triangular. - phyllanthoiídes, rosy-flowered. - _Cáctus Speciosus_. - Jenkinsòni, Jenkinsons'. - Speciosíssimus, showy. - Ackermánnia, Ackerman's. - truncàtus, truncated. - - COREÓPSIS, 138. - tenuifòlia, slender-leaved. - verticullàta, whorl-leaved. - díscolor, two-coloured. - trípteris, three-leaved. - - CALCEOLÁRIA 68, 17, 35, 338., Slipper-wort. - 10 angustifòlia, narrow-leaved. - integrifòlia, entire-leaved. - plantagínea, plantain-leaved. - corymbósa, corymb-flowered. - purpùrea, purple-flowered. - Hopiána, Dr. Hopes'. - micàns, fine. - hybrìda, hybrid. - Fothergíllii, Fothergill's. - arachnóidea, cob-web. - - CALOTHÁMNUS 68. - 6 quadrífida, four-cleft. - claváta, club-leaved. - - CAMÉLLIA 69, 80., Japan-rose. - 11 víridis, green-tea. - Bohèa, black-tea. - sesánqua, Lady Banks'. - oleífera, oleiferous. - maliflòra, pink-flowered. - _Sesanqua rosea_. - kíssi, nepaul. - reticulàta, Capt. Rawes'. - japónica, original. - rùbra, common. - álba, single-white. - semidúplex, semidouble red. - rùbro pléno, double red. - cárnea, Middlemist's. - myrtifòlia, myrtle-leaved. - _involuta_. - myrtifolia, minor. - hexanguláris, six-sided. - atrorùbens, Loddiges' red. - anemoniflòra, red waratah. - " rósea, rose war. - dianthiflòra, carnation war. - blánda, blush war. - pompónia, Kew blush. - pæoniflòra, pæony flowered. - Welbánkii, Welbank's. - álba-plèno, double white. - flavéscens, ladies'-blush. - fimbriàta, fringed white. - imbricàta, imbricate petaled. - variegàta, double striped. - crassinervis? thick-nerved. - conchiflòra, shell-flowered. - rubricáulis, Lady Campbell's. - longifòlia, long leaved. - chandlèrii, Chandler's. - _versìcolor_. - Aitònia, Aiton's. - althæflòra, holly-hock flowered. - corallìna, coral-flowered. - insígnis, splendid. - anemoneflòra álba, white anemone flowered. - heterophýlla, various leaved. - Woódsii, Mr. Wood's. - speciósa, striped waratah. - fúlgens, fulgent. - grandiflòra, large flowered. - rósa-sinénsis, bright pink. - intermédia, new blush. - invíncible, Press's. - _punctàta_. - _pressíi_. - rose-mundií, streaked. - compàcta, compact-white. - gloriòsa, dark-red. - Róssii, Ross's. - - CALLICÒMA 80. - 6 serratifòlia, saw-leaved. - - CARMICH`ÆLIA 81. - 8 austrális, New-Zealand. - - CUNÒNIA 81, Decandria-digynia. - 2 Capénsis, Cape. - - CLÉTHRA 81. - 2 arbórea, tree. - " variegàta, variegated-leaved. - - COTONEASTÈR 81. - 2 denticulàta, toothed. - microphýlla, small-leaved. - - CRÒWEA 81. - 1 salígna, willow-leaved. - - CHORIZÈMA 81. - 5 nàna, dwarf. - ilicifòlia, holly-leaved. - - CINERÀRIA 82, Cape-aster. - 12 speciósa, large-flowered. - amelloìdes, blue. - purpûrea, purple. - lanáta, woolly. - - CÍSTUS 82, Rock-rose. - 3 ladaníferus, gum. - Monspeliénsis, Montpelier. - sálignis, willow-leaved. - populifòlius, poplar-leaved. - undulàtus, wave-leaved. - - CAMPÁNULA 135, Bell-flower. - persicifòlia, peach-leaved. - " àlba-plèno, double-white. - " cærùlea-plèno, " blue. - urticifòlia, nettle-leaved. - speciòsa, spacious. - glomeràta, headed-flowered. - versícolor, three-coloured. - - CHEIRÁNTHUS 136. - chéiri-vulgaris, Wall-flower. - " hæmànthus, double-bloody. - mutàbilis, changeable. - - CHELONE 136. - glábra, glabrous. - oblíqua, oblique-leaved. - barbàta, bearded-flowered. - atropurpùrea, purple-flowered. - pulchélla, pretty. - venústa, showy. - speciòsa, spacious. - - CHRYSÁNTHEMUM 137. - sinénse, variable-chinese. - " tubulòsum álbum, quilled-white. - " supèrbum, superb-white. - " díscolor, large-lilac. - " fúlvum, Spanish-brown. - " atropurpùreum, early-crimson. - " involùtum, curled-lilac - " fasciculàtum, superb-yellow. - " serotìnum, pale-purple. - " papyràceum, paper-white. - " waratáh, yellow-anemone-flow'd. - " versícolor, two-coloured red. - " stellàtum, starry-purple. - " verecúndum, early-blush. - " mutábile, changeable. - - COCOLÒBA 229, Sea-side-grape. - 15 pubéscens, downy. - latifòlia, broad-leaved. - - CÙPHEA 229. - 6 Melvílla, Melvill's. - - CRÒTON 230. - pìctus, painted. - variegàtus, variegated. - " latifòlia, broad-leaved. - - CÉRBERA 230. - 17 thevètia, linear-leaved. - ahoùai, oval-leaved. - odállam, spear-leaved. - mànghas, blunt-leaved. - - CÝCAS 230, Sago-palm? - 11 revolúta, revolute. - circinàlis great. - glaùca, glaucous. - - COMBRÈTUM 231. - élegans, elegant. - formòsum, handsome. - purpùreum, scarlet. - - CRÀSSULA 231. - - CRÒCUS 275, saffron. - satìvus, garden. - Pallàsii, Pallas'. - serotìnus, late-flowered. - nudiflòrus, naked-flowered. - - CÓLCHICUM 275. - - CÁLLA 289. - 12 Æthiòpica, Ethiopian-lily. - - CORONÍLLA 83. - 12 glaúca, glaucous. - valentìna, nine-leaved. - _stipulàris_. - viminális, slender. - - CORRÈA 84. - 5 álba, white-flowered. - rúfa, rusty-leaved. - pulchélla, pretty. - speciósa, showy. - virèns, green-flowered. - - CRAT`ÆGUS 84. - - CUPRÈSSUS 85, Cypress. - 6 lusitánica, cedar of Goa. - péndula, pendulous. - juniperoídes, African. - - CALÁMPELIS 85. - 11 scábra, climbing. - _Eccremocárpus scáber_. - - CELÁSTRIS 85. Staff-tree. - 4 pyracánthus, red-fruited. - cymósus, cyme-flowered. - multiflòrus, many-flowered. - lúcidus, shining. - - COÒKIA 85. Wampee-tree. - 11 punctàta, punctate. - - CALLISTÀCHYS 85. - 6 lanceoláta, lanceolated. - ovàta, oval-leaved. - - CHARLWÒODIA 234. - 11 strícta, erect. - - COFFÈA 227, Coffee-tree. - 17 Arábica, Arabian. - - CINNAMÓMUM 101. - 15 camphòra, camphire-tree. - - CLERODÉNDRON 124. - 12 fràgrans múltiplex, double. - - CRINÙM 261, 232. - 11 capénse, cape. - _Amarýllis longifòlia_. - cruéntum, red. - scábrum, scabrous. - amàbile, showy. - - CYRTÀNTHUS 232. - 11 odòrus, scented. - striátus, striped. - oblíquus, oblique-leaved. - vittàtus, ribanded. - - CARÝOPHYLLUS 233. - 9 aromáticus, aromatic. - - CALLÌSTEMON 107. - 6 salígnum, willow-leaved. - lanceolàtum, lance-leaved. - semperflòrens, ever-blooming - glaùcum, glaucous. - _metrosidèros speciòsa_. - - CÝCLAMEN 290, 297. - 11 Coúm, round-leaved. - Pérsicum, Persian. - hederæfòlium, ivy-leaved. - Europ'æum, round-leaved. - Neapolitànum, Neapolitan. - - CENTRÀNTHUS 150. - Phù, garden. - _Valeriána Phù_. - rùbra, red. - _Valeriána rùbra_. - - DION'ÆA 36. - 5 mucípula, Venus-fly-trap. - - DILLÈNIA 233. - 7 speciòsa, spacious. - scàndens, climbing. - - DRAC'ÆNA 233. Dragon-tree. - 11 férrea, purple-leaved. - frágrans, scented. - margináta, margined. - dráco, large - - DÁPHNE 313, 258, 270. - 15 odòra, sweet-scented. - _índica_. - hýbrida, daphine. - oleoídes, olea-leaved. - laurèola, spurg-laurel. - póntica, pontic. - alpìna, alpine. - cneòrum, trailing. - - DELPHÍNUM 138. Larkspur. - grandiflòrum, large-flowered. - intermèdium, intermediate. - _var._ _var._ - elàtum, Bee-larkspur. - montànum, tall-growing. - - DIANTHUS 138. Pink. - 17 barbátus, sweet-william. - " plèno, double. - díscolor, two-coloured. - chinènsis, china. - alpínus, alpine. - supérbus, superb-red. - caryophýllus, clove. - plumárius, common. - frágrans, sweet-scented. - - DICTÁMNUS 139. - fraxinélla, red. - àlbus, white. - - DODECÀTHEON 321.139. American cow-slip. - mèdia, purple. - " àlba, white. - - DIGITÀLIS 140. Fox-glove. - leucoph`æa, broad-lipped. - ferrugínea, rusty-flowered. - ochroleùca, large yellow. - purpuràscens, blush-flowered. - _erubéscens_. - purpúrea, purple. - " àlba, white. - - DAVÌESIA 86. - 6 ulicìna, furze-like. - latifòlia, broad-leaved. - aciculáris, needle-leaved. - incrassáta, thick-leaved. - - DIÓSMA 86. - 6 capitàta, crown-flowered. - oppositifòlia, opposite-leaved. - longifòlia, long-leaved. - rùbra, heath-leaved. - _ericifòlia_. - treretifòlia, round-leaved. - - DRYÁNDRA 87. - 6 nívea, white-leaved. - formòsa, apricot-scented. - floribúnda, many-flowered. - armáta, acute-leaved. - plumòsa, feathered. - baxtèri, Baxter's. - nervòsa, nerve-leaved. - falcáta, falcate-leaved. - - DILLWÝNIA 87. - 6 floribúnda, close-flowered. - _ericifòlia_. - teretifòlia, round-leaved. - phylicoídes, phylica-like. - - DAMPIÈRA 87. - 6 purpùrea, purple-flowered. - unduláta, wave-leaved. - strícta, upright. - - - EDWÁRDSIA 88. - 6 grandiflòra, large-flowered. - chrysophýlla, silver-leaved. - microphýlla, small-leaved. - - ELICHRÝSUM 88. - - ENKIÁNTHUS 88. - 6 quinqueflòrus, Canton. - reticulàtus, netted-leaved. - - EPÁCRIS 88. - 5 grandiflòra, large-flowered. - pulchélla, sweet-scented. - impréssa, unpressed. - palludòsa, marsh. - purpuráscens _rúbra_. red. - - ERÍCAS 89. Heath. - 6 mediterránea, common. - 5 aristáta, awned. - bàccans, arbutus-flowered. - bowieána, Bowie's. - conférta, crowded-flowered. - élegans, elegant. - fasciculáris, cluster-flowered. - florabùnda, many-flowered. - glomeràta, glomerate. - grandiflòra, large-flowered. - inflàta, inflated. - mammòsa, nipple. - prégnans, swelled. - pubéscens, downy. - refúlgens, refulgent. - regérminans cluster-flowered. - rùbens, red-flowered. - speciòsa, specious. - spléndens, splendid. - tenélla, delicate. - triúmphans, triumphant. - vestìta, tremulous. - _var._ _var._ - ventricòsa, beautiful. - víscaria, clammy-flowered. - - ERÁNTHEMUM 234. - 11 pulchéllum, neat. - bícolor two-coloured. - - EUGÈNIA 234. - 11 piménta, Allspice. - _Mýrtus Piménta_. - frágrans, scented. - - EUPHÓRBIA. 234. Spurg. - 18 heterophýlla.? - - ERYTHRÌNA 235. 330. Coral-tree. - 13 corallodéndrum, smooth. - speciòsa, splendid. - pubéscens, downy. - herbácea, herbaceous. - laurifòlia, laurel-leaved - crísta-gàlli, Cocks-comb. - - ERIABÒTRYA 107. loquat. - 11 japónica, Japan. - - ENTÈLIA 119. - 12 arboréscens, tree. - - ECHINOCÁCTUS 225. - 18 gibbòsus, gouty. - crispàtus, curled-ribbed. - recúrvus, recurve-spined. - - EUPATÓRIUM 91. 140. - 10 élegans, scented. - c[oe]lestínum, blue. - aromáticum, aromatic. - - EUTÁXIA 92. - 6 myrtifòlia, myrtle-leaved. - pùngens, pungent. - - EUCHÌLUS 92. - 6 obcordáta. - - ERÓDIUM 91, Heron's-bill. - incarnàtum, fleshy. - crassifòlium, thick-leaved. - laciniátum, laciniated. - - EUCALÝPTUS 91. - 6 cordàta, Heart-leaved. - rostráta, beaked. - radiáta, rayed. - pulvigéra. - glóbifera, round-fruited. - pulverulénta, powdered. - resinífera, red-gum-tree. - - EURCÚMA 36. - - EÙCOMIS 24. - - - FURCHR`ÆA. 39. - - FÚNKIA 96, 141. - 11 álba. - _Hemerocállis japónica_. - cærùlea. - _Hemerocállis cærùlea_. - - FERRÀRIA 40. - 11 undulàta, curled. - antheròsa, variegated. - - FRITILLÀRIA 295. - imperiàlis, Crown-imperial. - Pérsica, Persian. - - FÌCUS 236, Fig-tree. - 12 elástica, gum-elastic. - brassiì, brass. - religiòsa, superstitious. - lùcida, shining. - Bengalénsis, Bengal. - nìtida, glossy. - índica, banyan-tree. - exasperàta, very-rough. - costàta, rib-leaved. - - FÚCHSIA 92, Ladies-ear-drop. - 13 virgáta, twiggy. - cònica, conical-tubed. - coccínea, scarlet. - microphýlla, small-leaved. - arbórea, tree. - gràcilis, slender. - thymifòlia, thyme-leaved. - - - GELSÈMIUM 93. Carolina-jasmine. - 5 nìtidum, shining-leaved. - - GNAPHÀLIUM 93. (See _Astélma_.) - - GOMPHOLÒBIUM 94. - 5 barbigérum, bearded-flowered. - polimórphum, variable. - - GEORGIÀNA 180. - _Dáhlia supérflua_. - dwarf-globe, crimson. - pulla. - Electa, scarlet. - flamæa, flame. - Zeno. - Etna, scarlet. - imperiosa. - Cicero. - cocade. - Cambridge-surprise. - Duchess-of-Wellington, pink. - Countess-of-Liverpool. - Barret's-Wm.-4th, scarlet. - mountain-of-snow, _true_. - Diana, lilac. - crimson-bonnet, glob. - eximia, scarlet. - star-of-Brunswick, pink. - Lafayette, orange. - morning-star, red. - Romulus, scarlet. - Florabunda, crimson. - speciosissima, purple. - Veitches-triumphant, purple. - coronation, maroon. - Stephenia, bloody. - feathered, light crimson, _glob_. - dwarf, crimson, _fine glob_. - striated buff, _anemone-flowered_. - large-pink, " - " rose, " - spectabile, " - painted-lady, " - early-blood, " - - GLÓBBA 36. - - GESNÉRIA 36. - 10 bulbósa, bulbous. - - GLORIÓSA 37. - 10 supérba, superb. - - GASTÈRIA 259. - - GEÙM 141. - quéllyon, scarlet. - _coccíneum_. - hýbridum, hybrid. - urbánum, common. - - GENTIÁNA 140. - lútea, yellow. - purpúrea, purple. - septémfida, crested. - acaúlis, dwarf. - - GÆRTNÈRA 237. - 12 racemòsa, climbing. - - GEISSOMÉRIA 237. - 2 longiflòra, long-flowered. - - GARDÈNIA 237, 262. - 9 campanuláta, bell-flowered. - am`æna, neat. - costàta, ribbed. - lúcida, shining. - flòrida-pléno, Cape-jasmine. - ràdicans, dwarf. - longifòlia, long-leaved. - latifòlia, broad-leaved. - Rothmònnia, spotted. - Thunbérgia, Thunberg's. - - GLADIÒLUS 303. Corn-flag. - 11 floribùndus, many-flowered. - cardinàlis, cardinal. - Byzantínus, Turkish. - blándus, fairest. - cuspidàtus, sharp-pointed. - psittàcinus, parrot. - - GOMPHOLÒBIUM 94. - latifòlium, broad-leaved. - grandiflòrum, large-flowered. - venústum, showy. - - GENÍSTA 94. - 1 Canariénsis, Canary. - tricuspidáta, three-pointed, - cuspidòsa, sharp-pointed. - umbellàta, umbelled. - - GNÍDIA 94. - 6 símplex, flax-leaved. - serícea, silky. - imbérbis, smooth-scaled. - pinifòlia, pine-leaved. - - GOODÈNIA 94. - 6 stellígera, starry-haired. - suavèolens, sweet-scented. - ovàta, oval-leaved. - grandiflòra, large-flowered. - - GORTERIA 94. - 6 personàta. - - GAZÀNIA 94. - 6 rìgens, great. - Pavònia, peacock. - heterophýlla, various-leaved. - - GREVÌLLEA 95. - 6 punícea, scarlet. - acanthifòlia, acanthus-like. - coccínea, pretty. - juniperìna, juniper-like. - lineàris, linear-leaved. - - - HÀKEA 95. - 6 gibbòsa gibbous-fruited. - nítida, glossy. - salígna, willow-leaved. - suavèolens, sweet-scented. - conculàta, conculate. - Lambérti, Lambert's. - - HEMEROCÁLLIS, 96. Day-lily. - 11 speciòsa, spacious. - - HERMÁNNIA 96. - - HELICHRÝSUM 93. Everlasting. - 8 grandiflòrum, large-flowered. - arbòreum, árborescent. - orientàle, common. - fràgrans, sweet-scented. - odoratìssimum, odoriferous. - fruticàns, shrubby. - fúlgidum, splendid. - - HIBBÉRTIA 96. - 12 grossulariæfòlia, gooseberry-leaved. - dentàta, toothed. - volùbilis, twining. - fasciculàta, bushy. - salígna, willow-leaved. - pedunculàta, long-pedicled. - - HABRÁNTHUS 96. - 2 Andersónii, Anderson's. - versícolor, three-coloured. - robústa, robust. - - HÒVEA 97. - 6 lineàris linear-leaved. - rosmarinifòlia, rosmary-leaved. - longifòlia, long-leaved. - Célsii, Cels's. - - HYDRÁNGEA, 97. 172. - 14 horténsis, variable. - hypéricum, St. John's-wort. - 10 monógynum, three-styled. - baleàricum, warted. - floribúndum, many-flowered. - canariénse, canaries. - ægyptìacum, Egyptian. - cochinchinénse, cochinchina. - - HIBÍSCUS 238. 141. 27. 45. - 9 Ròsa sinénsis plénus, double red. - " " cárnea, " salmon. - " " variegàtus, " striped. - " " lútea, " yellow. - palústris, marsh. - ròseus, rose-coloured. - militàris, smooth. - speciòsus, showy crimson. - grandiflòrus, large flowered. - púngens, pungent. - Syrìacus, Althea. - var. var. - mutábilis plènus, double-changeable. - lilliiflòrus, various. - - HEDÝCHIUM 36. - - HEMEROCÁLLIS 141. Day lily. - fúlva, copper-coloured. - gramínea, grass-leaved. - - HÉDERA 198. - Hèlix, Irish-ivy. - - HERITÉRIA 238. Looking-glass-plant. - 11 littoràlis, large-leaved. - - HOWÁRTHIA 260. - - HÓYA 239. wax-plant. - carnòsa, common. - crassifòlia, thick-leaved. - - HERRNÁNDIA 239. Jack-in-a-box. - Sonòra, peltate-leaved. - - - ÌXORA 240. - 5 obovàta, purple. - _purpùrea_. - crocàta, saffron-coloured. - ròsea, rose-coloured. - bandhùca, stem-clasping. - blànda, charming. - undulàta, waved. - dichotíma. - coccínea, scarlet. - _grandiflòra_, _strícta_, _flámmea_, _speciòsa_. - fúlgens, glossy. - _longifòlia_, _lanceolàta_. - pavètta, scented. - - ÍRIS, 142, 320. Flower-de-luce. - subiflòra, sub-flowered. - nepalénsis, Nepaul. - Pallàsii, Pallas'. - pállida, pale. - cristáta, crested. - arenària, sand. - furcàta, forked. - germánica, German. - florentìna, florentine. - vérna, spring. - susiàna, chalcedonian. - lusitánica, Portuguese. - _var._ _var._ - Hiphioídes, great bulbous. - Pérsica, Persian. - - ÍXIA, 203. - 11 monadélphia, monadelphus. - leucántha, white flowered. - capitàta, headed. - cònica, orange-coloured. - colamelàris, variegated. - - IPOMAÈA 240. - 9 paniculáta, panicle-flowered. - - ÌLEX 98. Holly. - 15 aquifòlium, European. - var. var. - cassìne, cassine-like. - vomitòria, south-sea tea. - - ILLÍCIUM 99. Anniseed-tree. - floridànum, purple-flowered. - parviflòrum, small-flowered. - anisàtum, anise-scented. - - INDIGÓFERA 99. Indigo-tree. - denudàta, smooth-leaved. - am'æna, pretty. - austrális, round-stemmed. - angulàta, angular-stemed. - cándicans, white-leaved. - filifòlia, filiform-leaved. - - ISOPÒGON 99. - 9 formòsus, handsome. - anemonefòlious, anemone-leaved. - attenuàtis, attenuated. - polycéphalus, many-headed. - jálapa, Jalap. - grandiflòra, large-flowered. - pulchélla, pretty. - tuberòsa, tuberous. - - JUSTÍCIA 99. 243. - nìgricans, spotted. - orchioídes, orchis-like. - adhàtoda, Malabar-nut. - coccínea, scarlet. - pícta, painted. - lúcida, shining. - form`osa, handsome. - speciòsa, showy. - - JACKSÒNIA 100. - 6 scopària, broom-like. - hórrida, horrid. - reticulàta, netted. - - JUNÍPERUS 210. Juniper. - virginiàna, red-cedar. - - JÁTROPHA 242. Physic-nut. - 17 multífida, multifid. - panduræfòlia, fiddle-leaved. - cúrcas, angular-leaved. - - JACARÁNDA 241. - 9 mimosifòlia, mimosa-leaved. - filìcifòlia, fern-leaved. - - JAMBÒSA 241. Rose-apple. - 11 vúlgáris, common. - malacénsis, Malay-apple. - purpuráscens, purple-flowered. - macrophýlla, large-leaved. - amplexicaùlis, stem-clasping. - - JASMÌNUM 242. Jasmine. - 3 sámbac, Arabian. - " multiplex, semi-double. - " trifoliàtum, double-Tuscan. - hirsútum, hairy-stemmed. - paniculàtum, panicled. - simplicifòlium, simple-leaved. - _lucídium_? shining. - odoratíssimum 3, Azorian. - revolùtum revolute-leaved. - grandiflòrum, Catalonian. - officinàle, common. - - - KALOSANTHUS 231, - 18 coccínea, scarlet. - _Crassùla coccínea_. - versícolor, changeable. - _Crassùla versícolor_. - odoratíssima, sweet-scented. - - KÆMPFÈRIA 243, 36. - 17 rotúnda, round-rooted. - - KENNÈDIA 100. - 5 monophýlla, simple-leaved. - rubicúnda, dingy-flowered. - prostráta, trailing. - _Glýcine coccínea_. - coccínea, many-flowered. - comptoniána, comptonian. - inophýlla, few-leaved. - - LAGERSTR`ÆMIA 129. 172. - índica, crape-flower. - - LAMBÉRTIA 100. - 6 formòsa, handsome. - echinàta, lobe-leaved. - uniflòra, one-flowered. - inérmis, unarmed. - - LASIOPÈTALUM 100. - - LAVÁNDULA 101. Lavender. - 7 dentáta, toothed. - formòsa, handsome. - pinnàta, pinnated. - - LAÚRUS 101. 244. Laurel. - 15 f`ætens, til. - aggregàta, clustered. - glaùca, glaucous. - scàbra, rough. - vérum, true. - cássia, false. - chloróxylon, cogwood. - - LANTÀNA 244. - - LANTÀNIA 244. Dwarf-palm. - 12 borbònica, borbon. - rùbra, red. - glaucophýlla, glaucous. - - LÌATRIS 142. Gay-feather. - squarròsa, squarrose. - élegans, elegant. - paniculáta, paniculate. - spicáta. - _macróstachya_, large-spiked. - - LÝCHNIS, 143. 104. - 9 chalcedònica, chalcedonian. - fúlgens, fulgent. - flós-jòvis, umbelled. - _Agrostéma flós-jòvis_. - coronáta, crowned. - - LÝTHRUM 143. - alàtum, erect-growing. - virgàtum, twiggy. - diffùsum, diffuse. - lanceolàtum, lance-leaved. - - LOMÀTIA 103. (See errata.) - 6 silaifòlia, cut-leaved. - dentàta, toothed. - ilicifòlia, holly-leaved. - - LACHENÀLIA 291. - 11 trícolor, three-coloured. - quadrícolor, four-coloured. - rùbida, dotted-flowered. - punctàta, spotted-flowered. - orchoídes, orchis-like. - nervòsa, nerved-leaved. - - LILÌUM 32. 35. 306. - 11 màrtagon, red. - tygrìnum, spotted. - chalcedònicum, Chalcedonian. - speciòsum? showy. - longiflòrum? - japónicum. Japan. - - LOBÈLIA 102. - 6 tùpa, mullein-leaved. - speciòsa, specious. - spléndens, splendid. - fúlgens, fulgent. - cærùlea, blue. - Thunbérgii, Thurberg's. - corymbòsa, corymbose. - pyramidàlis pyramidal. - ilicifòlia, holly-leaved. - - LOPHOSPHÉRMUM 103. - 12 scándens climbing. - - LACHN`ÆA 103. - 1 glaùca, glaucous. - conglomeràta, clustered. - eriocéphala, wooly-headed. - - LEONÒTIS, Lion's-ear. - 7 intermédia, intermediate. - - LEONÙRUS, narrow-leaved. - - LEUCOSPÉRMUM 103. - 9 formòsum, handsome. - grandiflòrum, tomentose. - cándicans, hoary. - - LIPÀRIA 104. - sphæ'rica, crowned. - tomentòsa, downy. - villósa, hairy. - serícea, silky. - - LYSINÈMA 104. - 5 pentapétalum, five-petaled. - conspícum, conspicuous. - róseum, rose-coloured. - - LÝCHNIS 104. - 9 coronàta, crowned. - - LEPTOSPÉRMUM 104. South-Sea-Myrtle. - 6 baccàtum, berry-fruited. - péndulum, pendulous. - juníperinum, juniper-leaved. - ovátum, ovate-leaved. - stellàtum, starry-flowered. - grandiflórum, large-flowered. - scopàrium, New-Zealand-tea. - - LEUCADÉNDRON 105. Silver-Tree. - 9 argentéum, silvery. - _Pròtea argentéa_. - squarròsum, squarrose. - stellàtum, starry - _Pròtea stellàris_. - tórtum, twisted. - seríceum, silky. - marginàtum, margined. - plumòsum, feathered. - _Pròtea parviflòra_. - - - MAGNÓLIA 105. - 9 fuscàta, rusty. - annonæfòlia, annonæ-leaved. - pùmila, dwarf. - conspícua, youlan. - purpùrea, purple. - - MELALÈUCA 106. - 6 elíptica, eliptic. - fúlgens, fulgent. - decussàta, cross-leaved. - hypericifòlia, hypericum-leaved. - squarròsa, square-set. - linarifòlia, linear-leaved. - incàna, hoary. - telragònia, four-sided. - thymifòlia, thyme-leaved. - - MAURÁNDIA 106. - 6 Barclàyana, Barclay's. - semperflòrens, ever-blooming. - - MÝSINE 106, Cape-Myrtle. - 4 retùsa, erect. - rotundifòlia, round-leaved. - - MÉSPILUS 107. Medlar. - - METROSIDÈROS. - 6 flòrida, many-flowered. - umbellàta, umbel-flowered. - angustifòlia, narrow-leaved. - lanceolàta, lance-leaved. - - MÁNIHOT 243. - 17 cannabìna, cassada root. - - MESEMBRÝANTHEMUM 263. 271. - 18 sp. sp. - - MÝRTUS 108. Myrtle. - 12 commùnis, common - múltiplex, double. - leucocàrpa, white-fruited. - itálica variegàta, variegated. - maculàta, blotch-leaved. - tomentòsa, downy. - tenuifòlia, slender-leaved. - - MIMÙLUS 143. Monkey-flower. - lùteus, yellow. - rivulàris, dark-spotted. - moschàtus, musk-scented. - - MONÁRDA 143. - dídyma, Oswego-tea. - kalmiána, pubescent-flowered. - Russeliàna, Russells'. - punctàta, spotted. - - MATHÍOLA 144. Stock-gilly. - simplicicáulis, Brompton-stock. - _var._ _var._ - incàna, queen-stock. - _var._ var._ - ánnua, annual. - _var._ _var._ - glàbra, wall-leaved. - - MAMILLÀRIA 224. - 18 coccínea, scarlet-flowered. - símplex, small-red-spined. - pusílla, starry. - cònica, cone-headed. - - MELOCÁCTUS 225. - 18 commùnis, Turk's-cape. - macránthus, large-spined. - pyramidàlis, pyramidale. - - MELÀSTOMA 245, - 1 Malabáthrica, Malabar. - sanguìnea, bloody. - decémfida, ten-cleft. - pulverulénta, powdered. - áspera, rough. - nepalénsis, Nepaul. - - MALPÍGHIA 246. Barbadoes-cherry. - 17 ùrens, stinging, - aquifòlium, holly-leaved. - fucáta, painted. - glábra, smooth. - - MÁRICA 246. - 12 _cærùlea_, _blue_. - Sabìni, Sabin's. - northiána, spotted. - - MÙSA, 247, Plantain-tree. - 15 paradisìaca, common. - sapiéntum, banana-tree. - rosàcea, rose-coloured. - coccínea, scarlet-coloured. - chinénsis, Chinese. - - MANGÍFERA 245, Mango-tree. - 11 índica, common. - oppositifòlia? opposite-leaved. - - - NANDÌNA 108, Nandin. - 1 doméstica, common. - - NINTÒOA. - longiflòra, long-flowered. - _Lonicéra-japónica_. - - NÉRIUM 108, Oleander. - 12 oleánder, common. - " spléndens, double-rose. - " elegantìssimum, variegated. - " álba, white. - " " pleno? double-white. - - - [OE]NOTHÈRA 144, Evening-primrose. - macrocárpa, broad-leaved. - média, intermediate. - latiflòra, broad-flowered. - Frazèri, Frazer's. - speciòsa, handsome. - pállida, pale. - odoràta, sweet-scented. - - ÒLEA 109, Olive-tree. - 11 europæa, common. - " longifòlia, long-leaved. - " latifòlia, broad-leaved. - capènsis, Cape. - verrucòsa, warted. - fràgrans, scented. - paniculàta, panicled. - - OXYLÒBIUM 110. - obtusifòlium, blunt-leaved. - retùsum, retuse-leaved. - ellípticum, elliptic-leaved. - - ÓXALIS. - 11 rubèlla, red. - marginàta, margined. - elongàta, striped-flowered. - am'æna, neat. - - OSS'ÆA 246. - 1 purpuráscens, purple. - _Melàstoma-purpùrea_. - - ORNITHÓGALUM 292. Star-of-Bethlehem. - 11 lactéum, white. - aùreum, golden. - marítimum, squill. - - OPÚNTIA 227. - 18 cochinillìfera, cochineal-fig. - fìcus-índica, Indian-fig. - - - PELARGÒNIUM 110, 273, Stork's-bill. - _Gerànium_. - 12 álbum. - macrànthum. - grandiflòrum. - Navarino. - Longstrethium. - Jacksonium. - Lucretia. - Leopold. - Lafayette. - triumphans. - Jeffersoniaum. - Franklinium. - Queen-Adelaide. - Simsium. - obovatum. - Pepperium. - Philadelphicum. - foliosum. - Dutchess-of-Gloucester. - verecundum. - Lady Clifford. - Delaware. - marianum. - urbanum. - dissimilum. - Royal-George. - Washington. - Scotiaum. - banburyensis. - florabundum. - 19 pavoninum. - Waterloo. - ignescens. - Lord-Yarborough. - decorum. - Sherwoodium. - doubreyanum. - Effi-Deans. - Lord-Byron. - Glorianum. - Chandler's-grand-purple. - Princess-Augusta, _new_. - Lord-Brougham. - Websterium. - ardescens. - Russellianum. - succulentum. - Rob-Roy. - Davyanam. - - [The above begin with the lightest, - and end with the darkest colours] - _The following are various fancy sorts_. - Lemon-scented. - apple-scented. - rose-scented. - peppermint-scented. - oak-leaved. - ardens. - bicolor. - tristum. - pulchellum. - nutmeg-scented. - - PHÓRMIUM 112, New-Zealand. - 7 tenàx, flax. - - PHÝLICA 113. - 5 horizontàlis, spreading. - _plumòsa_. - squarròsa, squarrose. - imbricàta, imbricated. - myrtifòlia, myrtle-leaved. - callòsa, callous-leaved. - bícolor, two-coloured. - ericoídes, heath-like. - - PIMÈLEA 113. - 5 decussàta, cross-leaved. - ròsea, rose-coloured. - linifòlia, flax-leaved. - spicàta, spike-flowered. - drupàcea, berry-bearing. - - PITTOSPÓRUM 113. - 13 tobìra, Chinese. - undulàta, wave-leaved. - coriàceum, leather-leaved. - revolùtum, revolute. - fúlvum, yellow. - ferrugíneum, rusty. - - PHR'YNIUM 36. - - PACHIDÉNDRON 259. - - PÌNUS 210. - Canadénsis, hemlock-spruce. - - PERIPLÓCA 198. Silk-vine. - gr'æca, Virginian. - - PHÆNÀCOMA 88. - 5 prolífera, many-headed. - - PHOTÍNIA 84. - 10 serrulàta, serrulate. - arbutifòlia, arbutus-leaved. - - PÉRSEA 244. Alligator-pear. - 11 gratíssima, common. - _Laúrus-pérsea_. - - PUNÍCA 172, Pomegranate. - - PULSATÍLLA 134, Pasque-flower. - vernàlis, spring. - - PERÍSKIA 228, Barbadoes-gooseberry. - 18 aculeàta, prickly. - - PÝRUS 320. - japònica, red. - " álba, white. - - PÓÆNIA 321, 315, 151. - èdulis-whitlìjii, white. - " fràgrans, scented. - " hùmea, crimson. - chinènsis-álba, double-white? - paradòxa-fimbriàta, fringed. - officinàlis-rúbra, common. - 15 moután, tree. - " bànksii, common. - " papaverácea, white. - " rosèa, rose-coloured. - - POTENTÍLLA 147. - nepalénsis, Nepaul. - _formòsa_. - atropurpùrea, dark-purple. - Russelliàna, Russell's. - Hopwoodiàna, Hopwood's. - spléndens, splendid. - - PLATYLÒBIUM 113, Flat-pea. - 5 formòsum, handsome. - ovàtum, ovate-leaved. - triangulàre, triangular-stock. - - PISTÀCIA 113. - 2 terebínthus, turpentine-tree. - lentíscus, mastic-tree. - vèra, true. - reticulàta, netted-leaved. - - PLUMBÀGO 114, Lead-wort. - trístis, red-leaved. - Capénsis, Cape. - - PSORÀLEA 114. - 6 odoratíssima, sweet-scented. - spicàta, spike-flowered. - aculeàta, prickly. - argéntea, silvery. - tomentòsa, downy. - - PODALÝRIA 114. - serícea, silky. - styracifòlia, storax-leaved. - corúscans, glittering. - argéntea, silvery. - laparioídes, liparia-like. - subiflòra, netted-leaved. - - PERSOÓNIA 114. - 6 hirsùta, hairy-leaved. - móllis, soft-leaved. - teretifòlia, round-leaved. - lùcida, shining-leaved. - - PRÓTEA 115. - 9 cynaroídes, artichoke-flowered. - speciòsa, splendid. - " rùbra, red. - umbonàlis, embossed. - _longifòlia_. - melaleùca, black-fringed. - grandiflòra, large-flowered. - coccínea, scarlet-flowered. - cenocárpa. - pállens. - formòsa, handsome. - magnífica, magnificent. - mellífera, honey-bearing, - - PULTEN'ÆA 115. - 5 villòsa, villous. - obcordàta, heart-leaved. - argéntea, silvery-leaved. - plumòsa, feathered. - fléxilis, fragrant. - cándida, white-leaved. - strìcta, erect-growing. - - PHLÓX 145. - paniculàta, panicled. - acuminàta, cross-leaved. - intermèdia, intermediate. - odoràta, odoriferous. - pyramidàlis, pyramid-flowered. - " álba, white. - suavèolens, sweet-scented. - refléxa, reflex-leaved. - stolonífera, creeping. - pilòsa, hairy. - divaricáta, early-flowering. - nivàlis, snowy-white. - subulàta, awl-leaved. - - PRÍMULA 146, 314, Primrose. - vulgàris, English-primrose. - elàtior, ox-lip. - _var._ _var._ polyanthus. - aurícula, auricula. - _var._ _var._ - cortusoídes, cortuso-like. - dentiflòra, jagged-flowered. - suavèolens, sweet-scented. - decòra, pretty. - scótica, Scotch. - farinòsa, bird's-eye. - vèris, cowslip. - 2 sinènsis, China. - " alba, white. - dentiflòra, ragged. - - PANCRÀTIUM 248. - 11 maritímum, sea-daffodil. - verecúndum, narcissus-leavad. - littoràlis, sea-side. - speciòsum, showy. - carib'æum, Caribbean. - - POLYSPÒRA 248. - axillàris, axil-flowered. - _Caméllia axillàris_. - - PASSIFLÒRA 248, Passion-flower. - 13 alàta, winged-stalked. - racemòsa, racemose. - cærulea " blue - quadrangulàris, square-stalked. - filamentòsa, thready. - picturàta, pictured. - - PANDÀNUS 249, Screw-Pine. - 13 odoratíssimus, scented. - utilis? red-spined. - - PTEROSPÉRMUM 250. - 13 suberifòlium, various-leaved. - semisagittàtum, half-sagittate. - - PLUMÉRIA 250. - 11 acuminàta, acuminate. - trícolor, three-coloured. - rùbra, red-coloured. - - PH'[OE]NIX 250, Date-Palm. - 12 dactylìfera, common. - paludòsa, marsh. - - - RÉSEDA 297, Mignonette. - 11 odoràta, scented. - - RÒCHEA 231. - 18 falcàta. sickle-leaved. - _Crussùla fulcáta_. - - RHÚS 45. - - ROBÍNIA 45. - - ROSCÒEA 251. - purpùrea, purple. - spicàta, spike-flowered. - capitàta, crown-flowered. - - RUÉLLIA 251. - 10 formòsa, handsome. - fulgída, shining. - anisophýlla, unequal-leaved. - _persicifòlia_. - persicifòlia. peach-leaved. - - RHÁPIS 251. - 11 flabellifòrmis, creeping-rooted. - - RHODODÉNDRON 115, Rose-tree. - 16 arbòreum, tree. - " álbum, white-flowered. - " supérbum, superb. - " purpùreum, purple-flowered. - " álte-clárance, large. - campanulàtum, bell-flowered. - anthopògon, bearded-flowered. - cinnamòmeum, cinnamon-coloured. - - ROÉLLA 116. - 5 cilliáta, cilliate. - spícàta, spiked-flowered. - pedunculàta, peduncled. - - RIPHIODÉNDRON 260. - - RÙBUS 325. - 3 rosæfòlius, Bramble-rose, - - RÒSA 172, China-Rose, - 12 índica. - " mínor. - animated. - Bengal elongata. - Belle-Chinese. - La-tendere-japonica. - belle-vibert. - odorata, tea-scented. - " alba, white-tea. - Florence, scarlet-tea. - Bengal, yellow-tea. - Venella. - Belle-de-monza. - amaranthe. - Clintonia. - semperflòrens-plèno. - Otaheite. - sanguinea-purpurea. - Grandvil. - Indica-alba, white-China. - magnifier. - Florabunda-multiplex. - Flamæa. - Hibbertia. - Jacksonia. - Adamsonia. - Websteria. - gigantea. - Washington. - calyxifòlia. - Montezuma. - Hortensia. - - ROSA 156, common Moss, Garden-rose. - blush " - crimson " - white " - scarlet " - Clinton " - Damask " - mottled " - sweet-briar " - de-Meaux " - Lee's-crimson-perpetual. - unique, or white-Provence. - tricolor. - spinosíssima, Scotch. - gàllica, officinale. - centifòlia, Provins. - Damacène, damask. - álba, white. - rubiginósa, sweet-briar. - white-monthly, - red " - striped " - Black-Tuscany. - Sponge's-provins. - favourite-mignone. - champion. - fair-maid. - rouge-superb. - red-and-violet. - Pomonia. - black-fringe. - royal-provins. - royal-virgin. - royal-bouquet. - Great-Mogul. - striped-nosegay. - paragon. - ornament-de-parade. - York-and-Lancaster. - mundii. - Flanders. - delicious. - - ROSA 189, Climbing. - Champneyàna, pink-cluster. - blush-noisettia. - red-noisettia, scarlet-cluster. - white-cluster or musk. - superb " " - aralie-noisettia. - " purple. - Bourbon. - Boursault. - Lisle. - microphýlla. - Franklin, cluster-tea. - Banksiæ, white. - " yellow. - multiflòra, - " white. - " scarlet. - " purple. - Grevíllii, many-coloured. - arvensis multiplex. - sempervírens pléno. - bracteàta plèno, Macartney. - - - SÀGUS 252, Sago-Palm. - 11 vinìfera, prickly-leaved. - Rumphii, Rumphius'. - - SOLÁNDRA 252. - 7 grandiflòra, large-flowered. - viridiflòra, green-flowered. - - STROPHÁNTHUS. - divérgens, spreading. - dichótomus, forked. - - SWIETÉNIA 253, Mahogany-tree. - 15 mahógoni, common. - febrifùga, febrifuge. - - SÁLVIA 117. - 12 spléndens, splendid. - cærúlea, blue-flowered. - coccínea, scarlet-flowered. - aùrea, yellow-leaved. - paniculàta, panicle-flowered. - índica, Indian. - élegans, elegant. - - SENÈCIO 117. ground-sel. - 12 grandiflòrus, large-flowered. - venústus, wing-leaved. - cineràscens, gray. - élegans plèno, elegant. - - SCHÓTIA 118. - 1 speciòsa, spacious. - aláta, wing-leaved. - latifòlia, broad-leaved. - _Omphalòbium schótia_. - tamarindifòlia, Tamirand-leaved. - - SWAISÒNA 118. - 1 galegifòlia, red-flowered. - coronillæfòlia, purple-flowered. - astragalifòlia, white-flowered. - - SCÒTTIA 118. - 6 dentáta, toothed. - angustifòlia, narrow-leaved. - trapezifòrmus, trapeziforum. - - SPARRMÁNNIA 119. - 12 africàna, African. - - SPHÆROLÒBIUM. - 6 vimíneum, yellow-flowered. - médium, red-flowered. - - SPRENGÉLIA 119. - 6 incarnáta, flesh-coloured. - - STYLIDÍUM 120. - 6 graminifòlium, grass-leaved. - fruticòsum, shrubby. - laricifòlium, larch-leaved. - adnátum, adnate. - - STYPHÌLIA 120. - 6 tubiflòra, tube-flowered. - triflòra, three-flowered. - adscéndens, ascending. - longifòlia, long-flowered. - - SALPIGLÓSSIS 120. - 13 pícta, painted. - atropurpùrea, dark-purple. - sinuáta, crimson. - - STRELÍTZIA 263. - 19 regìnæ, Queen. - ováta, oval-leaved. - hùmilis, dwarf. - agústa, large-leaved. - jùncea, rush-leaved. - parvifòlia, small-leaved. - farinòsa, mealy-stalked. - - SPARÁXIS 304. - grandiflòra striáta, striped. - versícolor, various. - anemonæflòra, anemone-flowered. - - STERNBÉRGIA 274. - 11 lútea, yellow. - _Amarýllis lútea_. - - SPREIKÈLIA 207. - 11 formosíssima, Jacobea-lily. - _Amarýllis formosíssima_. - - SAPONÀRIA 147, Soap-wort. - officinális plèno, double. - cæspitòsa, tufted. - - SILÈNE 147, Catch-fly. - viscósa, clammy. - " plèna, double. - - SAXÍFRAGA 147, Saxifrage. - hirsùta, hairy. - crassifòlia, thick-leaved. - granolata multiplex, double. - umbròsa, London-pride. - sarmentòsa, sarmentose. - pulchélla, pretty. - pyramidális, pyramidal. - - SPIR'ÆA 148, - ulmária multiplex, double meadowsweet. - filipéndula " drop-wort. - lobàta lobe-leaved. - - STÁTICE 148. Thrift. - vulgáris, common. - _Armèria vulgáris_. - speciòsa, showy. - latifòlia, broad-leaved. - maritìma, sea-side. - - - TAGÈTES 120. - 11 lúcida, sweet-scented. - - TESTUDINÀRIA 221, Hottentot's bread. - elephántipes, Elephant's-foot. - montàna, mountain. - - TÁXUS 121. Yew. - 14 nucífera, nut-bearing. - - TELOPÈA 121. - 19 speciosíssimus, showy. - - TEMPLETÒNIA 122. - 6 retùsa, erect. - gláuca, glaucous. - - TRISTÀNIA 122. - 1 neriifòlia, oleander-leaved. - confertá, crowded. - suavèolens, scented. - - TECÒMA 253, 65. - 10 móllis, soft. - digitàta, digitated. - splèndida, splendid. - capènsis, cape. - stáns, ash-leaved. - _Bignònia stáns_. - - TABERNÆMONTÁNA - 11 coronària plèno, double-white. - _Nèrium coronàrium plèno_. - densiflòra, dense-flowered. - - THRÌNAX 254. - 11 parviflòra, small-flowered. - - TAXÁNTHEMA 149. - tatàrica, Tartarean. - _Státice tatàrica_. - latifòlia, broad-leaved. - conspícua, conspicuous. - - THOMÀSIA 101. - 1 solanàcea, night-shade-leaved. - quercifòlia, oak-leaved. - - TRITÒNIA 304. - 11 crocàta, crocus-leaved. - _Ixìa crocàta_. - xanthosphìla, yellow-spotted. - - THUNBÉRGIA 251. - 1 coccínea, scarlet. - grandiflòra, large-flowered. - fràgrans, scented. - alàta, wing-leaved. - - TRÓLLIUS 149, Globe-flower. - Europ'æus, European. - Asiàticus, Asiatic. - - THÙJA 210. American arbor-vitæ. - accidentalis, western. - orientàlis, eastern. - - TIGRÍDIA 208. Tiger-flower. - 11 pavònia, peacock. - conchiiflòra, yellow-spotted. - - TETRAMÈRIUM 228. - 17 odoratíssimum, scented. - _Coffèa occidentàlis_. - - - VERBÉNA 122, Vervain. - chamædryfòlia, scarlet. - _melíndres_. - Lambértii, Lambert's. - pulchélla, pretty. - - VIBÚRNUM 123, 306, 45. - 17 tìnus, laurestinus. - lùcidum, shining. - odoratíssimum, scented. - hirsútum, hairy. - strìctum, erect. - variegàtum, variegated. - - VEMINÀRIA 124. - 6 denudàta, half-naked. - - VIRGÍLIA 124. - capènsis, cape. - - VOLKAMÈRIA 124. - - VERÓNICA 149. Speed-well. - officinàlis, officinal. - cham'ædrys, Germander. - mèdia, long-spiked. - incàna, hoary. - élegans, elegant. - spícàta, spiked. - grándis, large white. - incarnàta, flesh-coloured. - cárnea, pale red. - leucántha, white-flowered. - bellidioídes, daisy-leaved. - vérna, vernal. - am'[oe]na, fine-blue. - pulchélla, neat. - - VALERÌANA 149. - dioíca, dioicious. - - VÌOLA 150. Violet. - odoràta, sweet-scented. - " plèno álba, double-white. - " " purpùrea, " purple. - - - WITSÈNIA 125. - 8 corymbòsa, corymbose. - - WESTRÍNGIA 125. - 1 rosmarinifórmis, rosemary-leaved. - longifòlia, long-leaved. - - WACHENDÓRFIA 24. - - WHALÉNBERGIA 136. - 7 grandiflòra, large-flowered. - _Campánula grandiflòra_. - - WATSÒNIA 304. - 11 iridifòlia, iris-leaved. - ròsea, rose-coloured. - hùmilis, dwarf. - fúlgida, scarlet. - _Antholýza fúlgens_. - rúbens, red-spotted. - - WISTÈRIA 197. - frutéscens, shrubby. - _Glýcine frutéscens_. - chinéusis, Chinese. - _Glýcine chinénsis_. - - - YÚCCA 150. Adam's-needle. - supérba, superb. - _Gloriòsa_. - aloifòlia, aloe-leaved. - angustifòlia, narrow-leaved. - acuminàta, tapering-flowered. - serrulàta, saw-leaved. - filamentòsa, thready. - - - ZÀMIA 125, 254. - 11 hórrida, horrid. - púngens, pungent. - spíralis, spiral. - latifòlia, broad-leaved. - média, intermediate. - furfuràcea, chaffy. - ténuis, slender. - integrifòlia, entire-leaved. - - =Zíngiber= 36. Ginger. - - - - - -INDEX. - - - Airing the green-house, 20. 38. 172. - hot-house, 33. - - Annuals, of sowing tender, 53. - - Awning for hyacinths, 202. - for carnations, 277. - for plants, 256. - - - Box edgings, directions for planting, 139. - - Bulbs, of protecting, 25. - preserving of Cape, 175. - method of planting Dutch 318. - care of tender 328. - - Bulbous roots, of uncovering, 152. - protecting, 152. - - - Cistern, of a, 12. 273. - - Cold, in the green-house, effects of, 21. - - Cleanliness, good and bad effects of, 38. - - Clipping shrubs, observations on, 44. - - Carnation, qualities of a fine, 275. - and pink layers, care of, 307. - - Camellias, period of selecting, 316. - - Coverings, oil-cloth, 342. - - - Damp, in the green-house, effects of, 20. 22. - - Dahlias, forwarding in a hot-bed, 181. - - Daisies, primroses, &c. method of protecting, 321. - - - Engine for the green-house, best kind of, 19. - - Enarching, method of, 127. - - Edgings, fancy, 162. - method of dressing box, 211. - - - Fires, how to regulate the, 21. 33. - - Fumigating, method of, 13. - - Frames, of protecting, 26. - - - Glass, effects of broken, 43. - of double, 338. - - Grass-seeds, most approved, 161. - walks, of laying down, ib. - - Grafting, whip or tongue, 163. - - Green-house, temperature of the, 340. - how to regulate the, ib. - - Geraniums, how to prune or dress, 286. - - - Hedges, how to keep evergreen, 211. - - Herbaceous plants, how to treat, 325. - criterion for planting, 151. - - Hotbeds, of making, 52. 178. - - Hyacinth, properties of a good, 202. - - Hyacinths, of plunging new potted, 305. - - - Insects, their destruction, 12. 30. 35. 56. - effects of light on, 17. - - Inoculation, method of, 47. - - - Liquid for orange and lemon trees, 39. - to destroy the cocus insect, 15. - - Lime trees, situation in the green-house of, 312. - - Leaves, bad effects of, 332. - - - Mildew on Camellias, &c., how to destroy, 22, 23. 173. - - Manure, fermentation of, 52. - - - Orange and Lemon trees, when to transplant, 287. - how to prune, 289. - - - Plants, criterion for repotting, 126. - of training climbing green-house, 176. - in summer the best situation for, 256. - - Pots, method of draining flower, 126. - - Pruning, good or bad effects of, 27. - various shrubs, manner of, 45. - China roses, manner of, 189. - climbing ever-blooming roses, method of, 191. - roses, 195. - - Planting, bad effects in, 334, - state of the soil when, 48. - - Pink, qualities of a fine, 276. - - Perennials, description of fine, 133. - - Parlours, treatment of plants in, 28. 54. 343. - - - Repotting plants, 17. 35. 41. 57. 61. 169. - - Roses, how to retard the blooming of, 155. - finest sorts of, 156. - varieties of, ib. - of fancy planting, 157. - of mulching, 158. - in June, reasons for pruning, 279. - nature of the soil for, 323. - early, how to have, 344. - - - Shutters, benefit of, 10. - how to make, 337. - - Slugs, detect, 25. - how to destroy, 267. - - Stocks, of procuring seed from flowering, 176. - - Shrubs, of uncovering 129. - pleasure and effect of, 48. - - Shrubs, manner of planting, 50. - of supporting, 51. - of packing, 51. - - Snow on the houses, bad effects of, 34. - - Syringes, best kind of, 19. - - Syringing, good effects of, 14. 19. 37. 39. 171. - - - Tieing up plants, method of, 19. - - Tubs for trees, perforated, 59. - best kind of, 288. - - Trees, of heading down, 59. - of watering and arranging large, 259. - - Tanners' bark, nature of, 332. - - Tan-bed, plunge the plants in the, 339. - - Tobacco for destroying insects, decoction of, 60. - - Turf, of laying, 160. - - Trellises, of, 196. - - Tulip, properties of a fine, 203. - - - Watering, good or bad effects of, 11. 21. 29. 34. 56. 58. - - Water on hot-house plants, effects of cold, 12. - - Watering-pot, best kind of, 11. - - Wounds on trees, composition for covering, 172. - - White-washing the glass with whiting, of, 173. - - Walks with turf, of laying, 209. - - Wall-flowers, how to propagate, 268. - " and stocks, time of lifting, 307. - - - - -LIST OF HARDY SHRUBS. - -_Those marked thus [*], require protection in winter, and those marked -thus [+], shade in summer._ - - - AMÓRPHA, Bastard-indigo. - fruticòsa, shrubby. - - AMÝGDALUS, Almond. - nàna, dwarf. - púmila, double-flowering. - aérsica, peach-leaved. - - ANDRÓMEDA. - all the species. - - AZÀLEA, American honeysuckle. - all the hardy species. - - AUCÚBA, Gold-tree. - [+]japònica, Japan. - - - BÚXUS, Box-tree. - two species. - - - CALYCÀNTHUS, Sweet-scented shrub. - flòridus, purple-flowered. - _var._ _var._ - - CASTÍNEA, Chesnut-tree. - púmila, dwarf. - - CÉRCIS, Judas-tree. - canadènsis. - - CHIONÁNTHUS. Fringe-tree. - virgìnica, common. - - CLÉTHRA. - all the hardy species. - - CÓRNUS, Dogwood. - flórida, large-flowered. - sangùinea, bloody. - - - DÁPHNE. - mezerium, red. - _var._ _var._ red, white, and purple. - - - GORDÒNIA, Franklinia. - pubèscens, downy. - - - HIBÌSCUS, Althæa. - syrìacus, Althæa frutax. - _var._ _var._ - - HYDRÀNGEA. - all the varieties. - [+][*]hortensis, garden. - - - ÌLEX, Holly. - _var._ _var._ - - - JASMÌNUM, Jasmine, - fruticàns, shrubby. - officinàle, climbing white. - - JUNIPÈRUS, Juniper. - suècica, Swedish. - virgìnicus, Virginian. - - - KÁLMIA, American Laurel. - gláuca, glaucous. - latifòlia, broad-leaved. - - - LAÙRUS, Laurel. - [*]nòbilis, sweet-bay. - _var._ _var._ - - LAVENDÙLA, Lavender. - spíca, spike-flowered. - - - MAGNÒLIA. - purpùrea, purple. - Róbus, slender. - _grácilis_. - grandiflòra, large-flowered. - _var._ _var._ - thomsoniàna, hybrid. - conspícua, zoulan. - soulangeàna, hybrid. - - PHILADÈLPHUS, mock-orange. - grandiflòra, large-flowered. - màna, dwarf. - variegàtus, variegated. - - PÌNUS, Pine or Fir-tree. - balsàmea, balm of Gilead. - - PINCKNÉYA, Georgia bark-tree. - púbens, downy. - - PRÚNUS, Cherry. - [*]lusitánica, Portugal-laurel. - [*]laurocérasus, English-laurel. - - - RHODODÉNDRON, Rose-bay. - catawhiénse, Catawba. - daùricum, daurian. - _var._ _var._ - pónticum, pink. - _var._ _var._ - máximum. common. - - RHÙS, Sumach. - cotìnus, mist-tree. - - RÍBES. - aureum, fragrant. - sanguìneum, bloody. - - ROBÌNIA, Locust-tree. - hìspida, rose-acacia. - - - SÓRBUS. - hýbrida, mountain-ash--a beautiful shrub. - - SPIR`ÆA. - tomentòsa, tomentose. - bélla. red flowered. - frútex. shawy. - - SYMPHÒRA, Snow-berry. - racemòsa, white-berried. - glomeràta. red-berried. - - SYRÌNGA, Lilac. - all the species. - - - TÁXUS, Yew. - baccàta. - hibérnica, a handsome, erect growing evergreen. - - THÚJA. arbor-vitæ. - occidentàlis, American. - orientàlis, Chinese. - - TÍLLIA, Lime or Linden-tree. - parvifòlia, small-leaved. - coccínea, scarlet. - - - VIBÙRNUM. - opùlus, guelder-rose. - _var._ _var_. - - - - -LIST OF ANNUALS THAT MAY BE SOWN ON A HOT-BED. - - - AMARÁNTHUS, Amaranth. - tricólor, three-coloured. - hypochondrìacus, Prince's-Feather. - caudàtus, love-lies-bleeding. - globbòsus, globe. - _var._ _var._ - - - BALSAMÌNA, Ladies-slipper. - horténsis, garden. - _var._ _var._ - - BROWÁLLIA. - elàta, blue. - _var._ white. - - - CÁNNA, Indian-shot. - índica, Indian. - - CELÒSIA. - cristàta, cockscomb. - _var._ _var._ - - - IPOM`ÆA, Cypress-vine. - _var._ _var._ - - - MIMÒSA. - sensitìva, sensitive-plant. - - - STRAMÒNIUM. - purpúrea pleno double-blue. - alba " " white. - - SCHIZÁNTHUS. - pinnàtus and porrígens. - - - ÁSTER. - chinènsis, Queen Margaret's. - _var._ _var._ - - - CALENDÙLA, Mary-gold. - " African, French. - " dwarf and sweet-scented - - - XERÁNTHEMUM of sorts. - - - STOCKS, 10 week varieties. - - - - -HARDY ANNUALS. - - - ALYSSUM, white or sweet. - - ANTÍRHÌNUM latifòlia. - medíum. - speciòsum. - versicolor. - - ARGERATUM mexicanum. - odoratum. - - ARGEMONE, of sorts. - - ASTER, Chinese, of varieties. - - AMARANTHUS, do. do. - - - BALSAM, do. do. - - - CACCÀLIA Coccinea. - - CENTÁUREA Americàna. - - CALCEOLARIA of sorts. - - CLÁSKIA, pulchélla. - - CELOSIA of sorts. - - CALENDÙLA Mary-Gold, of sorts. - - CANDYTUFT, of var. - - CONVÓLVULUS, of var. - - COREOPSIS, of var. - - - GYPSOPHÌLA elegans. - - - HOLLYHOCK, Chinese, of var. - - HAWKWEED, of var. - - - IPOMÈA, do. - - - LARKSPUR, dwarf-rocket. - - LARKSPUR, branching. - Neapolitan. - - LOVE-LIES-BLEEDING. - - LUPINS, of sorts. - - - MARVEL of Peru. - - MIGNONETTE, sweet. - - MARYGOLD, of sorts. - - - NASTURTIUM, dwarf. - - NIGELLA, of var. - - - [OE]NOTHERA, do. do. - - - PINK Indian. - - PEAS, sweet, of sorts. - - PERSICÀRIA, red and white. - - POPPY, double var. - - PRINCESS FEATHER. - - - SNAP-DRAGON. - - STOCK, Prussian, in var. - - SUN-FLOWER, of var. - - SULTAN, sweet. - - SILENE, of sorts. - - - VENUS' LOOKING-GLASS. - Navel-Wort. - - - XERANTHEHUM, of var. - - - ZINNIA, elegans. - of sorts. - -[We have not been minute in the list of annuals, as they are generally -known, and a judicious selection adapted to this country may be found in -the catalogue of D. & C. Landreth, Philadelphia, or that of Smith & -Hogg, New York.] - - - - -HARDY BIENNIALS. - - - CAMPANULA spicàta. - medium Canterbury-bells. - álbida, white. - - - DELPHÍNIUM píctum. - - DIAITÀLIS, Fox Glove. - purpùrea. - álba. - - - HONESTY, or Lunaria. - - HONEYSUCKLE, French. - - HORNED POPPY. - - HÚMEA, élegans. - - - MÁLVA ARBÒREA. - - MIMULUS, of var. - - - [OE]NOTHÈRA, Evening Primrose. - elata, tall. - suavèolens, sweet-scented. - spectábilis, showy. - biénnis, common. - var. var. - longiflòra. long-flower. - corymbòsa, corymbose. - - - SILÈNE, Catch-fly. - multiflòra, many-flowered. - viscòsa, clammy. - divaricàta, avaricate. - - - WALL-FLOWER, bloody. - " white. - " yellow. - - - - -TABLE OF SOILS. - - -The following compound of soils are adapted to the nature of the Plants -contained in this Work. - -The figures attached to the first species of each Genus refer to the -Table of Soils, where the compost is in parts; and where any figures -occur in the same Genus, the species following are of the same nature. - - NUMBER. | Savanna. Loam. Leaf. Sand. Manure. - 1 | 2 - 1 - - - - - - - 2 | - - 3 - 2 - - - - - 3 | - - 4 - - - 1 - 1 - 4 | - - 2 - 1 - - - - - 5 | all - - - - - - - - - 6 | 3 - 1 - - - - - - - 7 | - - 3 - 1 - 1 - - - 8 | 4 - 1 - - - - - - - 9 | - - 2 - 2 - 1 - - - 10 | 1 - 1 - 1 - - - - - 11 | - - 3 - 2 - 1 - - - 12 | - - 3 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 13 | 2 - 2 - 1 - - - 1 - 14 | - - 4 - - - 1 - - - 15 | - - 4 - 2 - 1 - - - 16 | 4 - - - 1 - - - - - 17 | - - 5 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 18 | - - 1 - 1 - 1 - - - 19 | 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - -REMARKS ON THE NATURE OF SOILS USED IN THE ABOVE TABLE. - -_Savanna soil_--is of a dark colour, with a large portion of white sand -incorporated with it, and is found frequently in New Jersey. A mixture -of two-thirds black earth from the woods, and one-third of pure white -sand, will be similar to it, and may be used as a substitute, but is not -exactly of the same nature. - -_Loam_--is of a light brown colour, and is that from old pastures or -commons, which should lie one year, and be frequently turned before -using. It ought not to be from a clay bottom. - -_Leaf mould_--is that which is to be found on the surface of the ground -in woods, and is the decomposed leaves. It may be termed nearly of first -rate importance in vegetation. - -_Sand_--is a substance that is generally known, and that which is found -on the surface is decidedly the best. If it is from a pit, it must be -spread out, and frequently turned, that it may assimilate with the -atmosphere before using;--four months will be sufficient. - -_Manure_--before using, must be decomposed to very fine particles. It -will require two years, during which time it must be often turned, and -the longer it lays it will be the finer and more congenial. - - - - -=HIBBERT AND BUIST=, - -=EXOTIC NURSERYMEN AND FLORISTS=, - -Respectfully inform their friends and the public generally, that in -addition to the Garden in Thirteenth-street, they have purchased the -Nursery Grounds, Green-Houses, &c., established by the late B. M'Mahon, -Esq., on the township line, near the Germantown road, about three miles -from the city, where the propagation and cultivation of Ornamental -Trees, Shrubs, Plants, and Flowers, will hereafter be extensively -carried on, and improved in accordance to the increasing demand. - -The Thirteenth-street Garden will be appropriated as a repository for -the sale of plants and the receiving of orders. - -A splendid collection of Camellia Japonica, containing the most approved -and distinct varieties; also a very large selection of the most esteemed -and beautiful Roses. Their Dahlias were selected by R. Buist, last year, -from the finest collection in England, together with many Ornamental and -other Plants not surpassed for extent in the Union. - -Orders at either of the establishments, or per post, will be duly -received and punctually attended to. - - -Transcriber notes: - - -All original typographical errors and inconsistencies other than the -ones listed below are preserved in this version. - -Various spellings of Alstr[oe]meria have been made consistent. - -[OE]: in this version, is used to represent the oe ligature. - -[)a]: in this version, is used to represent letter a with breve. - -Page vi: replaced "apppreciation' with "appreciation" - -Page ix: replaced " and transplanting, 302" with " and transplanting, -320" - -Page 16-17: removed "The ance." - -Page 56: replaced "frequentl ycauses" with "frequently causes" - -Page 63: Italicized "A. f[oe]tida" for consistency. - -Page 96: replaced comma with period in "much water," - -Page 109: replaced "sbrubs" with "shrubs" - -Page 144: replaced "beatiful" with "beautiful" - -Page 160: replaced "firt" with "first" - -Page 163: replaced "it it" with "it is" - -Page 187: Replaced second "No. 27." to "No. 29." to fix sequence - -Page 224: replaced "end of the month," with "end of the month." - -Page 227: replaced "phyllnthoídes" with "phyllanthoídes" - -Page 280: replaced "seeif" with "see if" - -Page 282: Replaced "intances" with "instances" - -Page 304: Replaced "observatign" with "observation" - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Flower Garden Directory, by -Thomas Hibbert and Robert Buist - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN DIRECTORY *** - -***** This file should be named 42825-8.txt or 42825-8.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/2/8/2/42825/ - -Produced by Barbara Tozier, Emil Pop, Bill Tozier and the -Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net -(This file was produced from images generously made -available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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