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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42825 ***
+
+[Illustration: Camellia Fimbriata.]
+
+                              THE AMERICAN
+
+                        FLOWER GARDEN DIRECTORY,
+
+                               CONTAINING
+
+            PRACTICAL DIRECTIONS FOR THE CULTURE OF PLANTS,
+
+                                 IN THE
+
+              =HOT-HOUSE, GARDEN-HOUSE, FLOWER GARDEN AND
+                          ROOMS OR PARLOURS,=
+
+                      FOR EVERY MONTH IN THE YEAR.
+
+                                  With
+
+  A DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANTS MOST DESIRABLE IN EACH, THE NATURE OF
+                              THE SOIL AND
+     SITUATION BEST ADAPTED TO THEIR GROWTH, THE PROPER SEASON FOR
+                           TRANSPLANTING, &c.
+
+                      INSTRUCTIONS FOR ERECTING A
+
+        Hot-house, Green-house, and laying out a Flower Garden.
+
+                                  ALSO
+
+  _Table of Soils most congenial to the Plants contained in the Work_.
+
+          THE WHOLE ADAPTED TO EITHER LARGE OR SMALL GARDENS,
+
+                                  WITH
+
+          LISTS OF ANNUALS, BIENNIALS, AND ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS,
+
+                       CONTENTS, A GENERAL INDEX,
+
+               AND A FRONTISPIECE OF CAMELLIA FIMBRIATA.
+
+                         By HIBBERT AND BUIST.
+                    EXOTIC NURSERYMEN AND FLORISTS.
+
+                             PHILADELPHIA:
+                 E. L. CAREY & A. HART--CHESNUT STREET.
+                                BOSTON:
+                            ALLEN & TICKNOR.
+                                 1834.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+This volume owes its existence principally to the repeated requests of a
+number of our fair patrons, and amateur supporters, whose enquiries and
+wishes for a practical manual on Floraculture, at last induced us to
+prepare a work on the subject. That now offered is given unaffectedly
+and simply as a plain and easy treatise on this increasingly interesting
+subject. It will at once be perceived that there are no pretensions to
+literary claims--the directions are given in the simplest manner--the
+arrangement made as lucidly as was in our power--and the whole is
+presented with the single wish of its being practically useful. How far
+our object has been attained of course our readers must judge. Nothing
+has been intentionally concealed; and all that is asserted is the result
+of minute observation, close application, and an extended continuous
+experience from childhood. We pretend not to infallibility, and are not
+so sanguine as to declare our views the most perfect that can be
+attained. But we can so far say, that the practice here recommended has
+been found very successful.
+
+Some very probably may be disappointed in not having the means of
+propagating as clearly delineated as those of culture; but to have
+entered into all the minutiæ connected therewith, would have formed
+materials for two volumes larger than the present. We might have
+described that branch, as it has already been done in works published
+both on this continent and in Europe. In one of the former it is said,
+"You may now propagate many kinds (_Exotic Plants_) by suckers,
+cuttings, and layers, which should be duly attended to, particularly
+such as are scarce and difficult to be obtained." And the directions
+given in one of the most extensive works in Europe on the propagation of
+an extensive genus, varied in character and constitution, run thus:
+"Cuttings of most kinds will strike root. From the strongest growing
+kinds, take off large cuttings at a joint, and plunge them in a pot of
+sand under a hand-glass in the bark bed. Of the smaller kinds take
+younger kinds, and put them under a bell-glass, also plunged in heat.
+The sooner the plants are potted off after they are rooted the better."
+
+Such instructions to the inexperienced, are imperfect and unavailing,
+which, we flatter ourselves, is not the character that will attach to
+the present work. We are well aware that there are persons, who, to show
+their own superior abilities, may cavil and say that there is nothing
+new. To such critics it may be answered, if arranging, simplifying,
+digesting, and rendering Floraculture attainable by the humblest
+capacity, with useful lists and tables on a plan quite novel, as we
+believe--offer nothing new, it may at least be called an improvement.
+However, we submit all to a generous public, to whom we are already
+under many obligations.
+
+                                               HIBBERT & BUIST.
+
+     _Philadelphia, April 18th, 1832._
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+
+In presenting this work, constructed as a monthly calendar, which is the
+most simple and easy method to convey the necessary operations of the
+year, considerably more labour has been expended, than was at first
+expected, to render it as accurate as possible. Some verbal mistakes may
+have been overlooked in the botanical names. Where such occur, the list
+of names at the end of the volume will enable the reader to correct
+them; as well as the accentuation. For such other errors as may be
+discovered, the indulgence of the reader is solicited.
+
+Frequently, in the description of plants, there are Botanical and
+English names compounded, in order the more clearly to elucidate their
+several parts to those who are not fully acquainted with scientific
+terms. The description of the colour of flowers and habits of plants
+will be useful to such as are at a great distance from collections, in
+enabling them to make selections judiciously.
+
+Those plants described and recommended have all, with a few exceptions,
+passed under our own observation, and are generally such as are most
+worthy of attention, either for beauty of flower, foliage, or habit,
+together with those celebrated in arts and medicine. Many may possibly
+have passed unobserved, either from their being very generally known, or
+difficult to obtain; but in no case has there been suppression from
+selfish motives. Where the words "our collections" occur, it is meant
+for those of the country generally, and especially those immediately in
+the vicinity of Philadelphia. In all our observations, no regard has
+been paid to what has been written by others, either in the way of
+depreciation, or of particular appreciation. Perhaps some other
+cultivators may differ from us respecting culture and soil; however this
+may be, we rest satisfied, as our work is designedly and professedly
+given as the result of our own experience, the plan laid down is our own
+routine of culture, and the soils are those which we adopt. We do not
+say that there is no soil in which the plants will not grow better,
+fully aware that every art and profession is subject to improvement. The
+table of soils has been constructed at the expense of much labour, and
+condensed as much as possible; to every one that has a single plant it
+will be found invaluable. Many are the publications in Europe on
+Gardening and Floraculture, the directions in which, when practised in
+the United States, prove almost a perfect dead letter. A work adapted to
+the climate must be the guide in this country, and not one which is
+foreign to us in every respect. On this account a work like the present
+has been a desideratum, considering the rapidly increasing and
+interesting advancement of the culture of flowers amongst the fair
+daughters of our flourishing republic.
+
+To aid them and others seeking information in this instructive and
+delightful pursuit--to enable them to examine more minutely, and judge
+more correctly of the qualities, properties, and beauties of
+plants--have been prominent objects in this publication. Here, as
+knowledge is increased, the warmer will be the devotion of the delighted
+student; and as the mind correspondingly expands, the desire for further
+information will keep pace--advancing constantly in the development of
+nature, the mind will participate in the enjoyment, and become
+meliorated and purified--as the study of nature's works inevitably lead
+to the contemplation of nature's God, and the result of the whole prove
+a harmonious combination of personal gratification and mental
+improvement.
+
+
+
+
+  TABLE OF CONTENTS.
+
+  =HOT-HOUSE.=
+
+  _JANUARY._                              Page
+
+  Of Temperature,                                 9
+    Firing and Fuel,                            ib.
+    Watering                                     11
+    Insects, to destroy,                         12
+    Shifting Plants,                             17
+    Cleaning do., &c.,                           19
+
+
+  _FEBRUARY._
+
+  Of Temperature,                                33
+    Insects,                                     34
+    Shifting Plants,                             35
+    Cleaning do. and House,                      37
+
+
+  _MARCH._
+
+  General Observations,                          56
+  Of Shifting Plants,                            57
+
+
+  _APRIL._
+
+  Of Temperature,                               168
+  Observations in general,                      169
+
+
+  _MAY._
+
+  Of Repotting Plants,                          219
+  Hot-house Plants described,                   ib.
+  Of bringing out the Hot-house Plants,         255
+    Succulents                                  257
+
+
+  _JUNE & JULY._
+
+  General Observations,                         272
+
+
+  _AUGUST._
+
+  Of Repotting,                                 284
+    Repairing the House,                        ib.
+
+
+  _SEPTEMBER._
+
+  Of Dressing the Plants,                       298
+    Taking in do.,                              ib.
+
+
+  _OCTOBER._
+
+  Of Airing and Temperature,                    311
+
+
+  _NOVEMBER._
+
+  Of Temperature,                               326
+    Cistern and Water,                          ib.
+
+
+  _DECEMBER._
+
+  Of Firing,                                    337
+    Shutters,                                   ib.
+    Placing Bulbs in the Hot-house,             338
+
+
+  =GREEN-HOUSE.=
+
+  _JANUARY._
+
+  Green-house,                                   20
+  Of Temperature,                                21
+    Watering,                                   ib.
+    Camellia Japonica,                           22
+    Oranges, Lemons, &c.,                        24
+    Cape Bulbs, &c.,                            ib.
+    Hyacinths, &c.,                              25
+
+
+  _FEBRUARY._
+
+  Of Temperature,                                38
+    Watering,                                    39
+    Oranges and Lemons,                         ib.
+    Bulbs,                                       40
+    Camellia Japonica,                           41
+    Shifting,                                   ib.
+    Cleaning, &c.,                               43
+
+
+  _MARCH._
+
+  Of Temperature,                                57
+    Watering,                                    58
+    Oranges and Lemons,                         ib.
+    Myrtles and Oleanders,                       59
+    Geraniums,                                   60
+    Herbaceous plants,                          ib.
+    Cape Bulbs,                                 ib.
+    Repotting,                                   61
+    Enarching,                                  127
+
+
+  _APRIL._
+
+  Of Repotting,                                 170
+    Watering,                                   ib.
+    Oranges and Lemons,                         171
+    Myrtles and Oleanders,                      173
+    Geraniums,                                  ib.
+  Of Herbaceous Plants and Bulbs,               174
+    Flowering Plants,                           175
+    Insects,                                    ib.
+    Flowering Stocks,                           176
+
+  _MAY._
+
+  Of bringing out the Green-house Plants,       258
+    Repotting Plants,                           259
+    Camellias,                                  264
+    Cape Bulbs,                                 265
+
+  _JUNE & JULY._
+
+  General Observations,                         273
+
+  _AUGUST._
+
+  Of Geraniums,                                 286
+    Oranges and Lemons,                         287
+    Pruning       do.,                          289
+    Repotting Plants,                           ib.
+
+  _SEPTEMBER._
+
+  Of Repairing the House,                       300
+    Watering,                                   301
+    Preparing for taking in the Plants,         ib.
+    Stocks and Wall-flowers,                    302
+    Chrysanthemums,                             ib.
+    Cape and Holland Bulbs,                     303
+    Repotting,                                  306
+
+  _OCTOBER._
+
+  Of taking in and arranging the Plants,        312
+    Repotting,                                  313
+    Camellias,                                  315
+
+  _NOVEMBER._
+
+  Of Air and Water,                             327
+    Tender Bulbs,                               328
+
+  _DECEMBER._
+
+  Of Temperature,                               340
+    Bulbous Roots,                              341
+
+
+  FLOWER-GARDEN.
+
+  _JANUARY._
+
+  Flower Garden,                                 25
+
+  Of Framing, &c.                                26
+    Pruning,                                     27
+
+  _FEBRUARY._
+
+  Of Pruning,                                    44
+    Planting Shrubs,                             48
+    Hyacinths and other Bulbs,                   51
+    Framing,                                    ib.
+
+  _MARCH._
+
+  Of Planting Box Edgings,                      130
+    Sowing Tender Annuals,                      131
+    Sowing Hardy     "                          132
+    Sowing Biennials,                           133
+    Planting Perennials,                        ib.
+    Bulbous Roots,                              152
+    Repotting Carnations, Pinks and Primroses,  153
+    Auriculas,                                  154
+    Ranunculus and Anemone,                     155
+    Roses, planting,                            ib.
+    Pruning Climbing Roses,                     159
+    Planting Ornamental Shrubs,                 ib.
+    Grass-plats and Walks,                      160
+    Gravel-walks,                               162
+    Fancy-edgings,                              ib.
+    Grafting,                                   163
+
+  _APRIL._
+
+  Of Annuals,                                   178
+    Biennials and Perennials,                   179
+    Dahlias,                                    180
+    China Roses,                                182
+    Climbing  "                                 189
+      "  Plants,                                196
+    Deciduous Shrubs,                           199
+    Planting Evergreens,                        ib.
+    Care of choice Bulbs,                       201
+    Anemone and Ranunculus,                     203
+    Auriculas,                                  204
+    Carnations and Pinks,                       ib.
+    Polianthus tuberosa,                        205
+    Jacobea Lily, &c.                           207
+    Tiger-flower,                               208
+    Walks,                                      209
+    Evergreen Hedges,                           210
+    Box-edgings,                                211
+    Grass-plats & Flowering-plants,             212
+
+  _MAY._
+
+  Of Annuals, hardy and tender,                 266
+    Hyacinths and Tulips,                       ib.
+    Anemone and Ranunculus,                     267
+    Dahlia, Tuberose, and Amaryllis,            ib.
+    Auricula, Polyanthus and Primrose,          ib.
+    Wall-flower, double,                        268
+
+  _JUNE AND JULY._
+
+  Holland Bulbs,                                274
+
+  Autumn flowering-bulbs,                       ib.
+
+  Carnations and Pinks,                         275
+  Of Laying Carnations and Pinks,               277
+    Pruning Roses,                              278
+    Budding,                                    279
+    Watering,                                   281
+
+  _AUGUST._
+
+  Of Evergreen Hedges,                          293
+    Carnations and Pinks,                       294
+    Bulbous Roots,                              ib.
+    Sowing Seeds of do.                         295
+      "  and gathering Seeds,                   296
+
+  _SEPTEMBER._
+
+  Of Dahlias,                                   307
+    General care of Plants in pots,             ib.
+    Beds for Bulbous-roots,                     308
+
+  _OCTOBER._
+
+  Of Planting various Bulbs,                    317
+      "  and transplanting,                     302
+    Grass and Gravel-walks,                     322
+    Planting Evergreens,                        ib.
+
+  _NOVEMBER._
+
+  Of Protecting Choice Bulbs,                   329
+    Tuberose, Dahlia, Tigridia, and Amaryllis   330
+    Erythrinas,                                 ib.
+    Primrose and Daisy,                         331
+    Choice Carnations, Pinks, and Auriculas,    ib.
+    Protecting Plants,                          332
+      "  Seeding-bulbs,                         333
+    Planting Deciduous Trees and Shrubs,        ib.
+
+  _DECEMBER._
+
+  General Observations,                         342
+
+
+  ROOMS.
+
+  _JANUARY._
+
+  Rooms,                                        28
+
+  Of Temperature,                               ib.
+    Watering,                                   29
+    Camellia Japonica,                          ib.
+    Insects,                                    30
+    Bulbous Roots,                              31
+
+  _FEBRUARY._
+
+  Of Temperature,                               54
+    Hyacinths,                                  55
+    Camellias,                                  ib.
+
+  _MARCH._
+
+  General Observations,                         165
+
+  Of Flowering Plants,                          166
+
+  _APRIL._
+
+  Of plants brought from the Green-house,       214
+    Flowering Plants,                           215
+    Bringing Plants out of the cellar,          ib.
+
+  _MAY._
+
+  Of Bringing out the Plants,                   269
+    Cape bulbs,                                 270
+    Repotting,                                  271
+
+  _JUNE AND JULY._
+
+  General Observations,                         282
+
+  _AUGUST._
+
+  General Observations,                         296
+
+  Sowing Mignonette,                            297
+
+  _SEPTEMBER._
+
+  Of a Stage for Rooms,                         309
+
+  General Observations,                         310
+
+  _OCTOBER._
+
+  Of taking in the Plants,                      323
+    Bulbous roots,                              324
+
+  _NOVEMBER._
+
+  Of Camellias, &c.                             335
+
+  _DECEMBER._
+
+  An outline of culture of plants,              344
+
+
+  Index of Plants,                              353
+
+  Description of Soils,                         375
+
+  Table of Soils,                               ib.
+
+  On the construction of a Hot-house,           345, 348
+
+   "  "       "  Green-house,                   349
+
+  On laying out a Flower Garden,                349, 352
+
+
+
+
+OMITTED IN MARCH.
+
+
+_Jasmìnum_, Jasmine. A few species of this genus are celebrated either
+for the Green-house or Rooms. _J. odoratíssimum_, Azorian, has very
+sweet-scented yellow flowers, blooming from April to November. _J.
+revolùtum_ is the earliest flowering one, and of the same colour; it is
+apt to grow straggling, and should be close pruned as soon as done
+blooming, which will be about June. _J. grandiflòrum_ is frequently
+called Catalonian, and should be pruned early in spring to make it bloom
+well, especially old plants. _J. officinàle_ is a hardy climbing plant
+for arbours, walls, &c. There are several varieties of it, and it is
+reported there is a double one.
+
+
+
+
+ERRATA.
+
+
+     Page 104, _dele_ "_L. Silaifòlia_ has leaves bipinnatifid and
+     smooth; segments wedge-shaped and cut; _L. dentáta_ and _L.
+     ilicifòlia_, are the finest;" and place it to "_Lomàtia_," page
+     103.
+
+     Page 321, ninth line from top, _dele_ "_Pèdulis_."
+
+
+
+
+THE
+
+AMERICAN FLOWER GARDEN
+
+DIRECTORY.
+
+
+
+
+Hot-House.
+
+
+_JANUARY._
+
+At all times be very careful of the temperature of this department, and
+more especially at this season of the year, as a few minutes' neglect
+might materially injure many of the delicate plants. The thermometer
+ought to range between 58° and 65°. In fine sunshine days, admit a
+little air by having some of the top sashes let down, one, two, or three
+inches, according to the weather, and let it always be done from eleven
+to one o'clock; but by no means in such a manner as to cause a draught
+in the interior of the house, which would be very prejudicial. Therefore
+be always cautious during cold weather, in administering that necessary
+element to vegetation, which is so conducive to health.
+
+
+OF FIRING AND FUEL.
+
+The Hot-house ought never to be left entirely to inexperienced persons,
+because they are not aware of what might be the result of inattention
+even for an hour. Attention to the following observations will obviate
+every difficulty. About this season of the year, frost generally sets in
+very severe in the middle states. Suppose the day may have all the
+clemency of spring, the night may be directly the reverse. Every
+precaution is necessary to guard against extremes. According to what was
+said last month, it is understood that the shutters are put on every
+night at sundown, and in severe weather, they must be put on as soon as
+the sun goes off the glass. If the shutters are omitted till late in
+severe frost, it will so reduce the heat of the house, that you cannot
+overcome it by fire until near midnight; and when done, the fire or
+fires have been made more powerful than they ought to be, proving
+uncongenial to the plants that are near the flues. The air, as above
+directed, having been taken off the house at one o'clock, as soon as the
+mercury begins to fall in the thermometer, kindle the fire, and
+supposing it is anthracite coal, in twenty minutes, with a good drawing
+furnace, the heat will operate in the house. If a coal fire, kindled
+about four o'clock, it will require an addition about six, and then may
+be made up again about nine or ten, which will suffice until morning.
+The quantity must be regulated by the weather. If the fuel is wood, it
+must be attended to three or four times during the evening; and when the
+mornings are intensely cold, one fire in the morning is requisite. When
+there are bad drawing furnaces the fires must be made much earlier,
+perhaps by two or three o'clock, which will be easily observed by the
+time the fire takes effect upon the air of the house. The temperature
+ought never to be under 55° of Fahrenheit.
+
+
+OF WATERING THE PLANTS.
+
+To do this judiciously, is so necessary to vegetation, and so requisite
+to understand, and yet the knowledge so difficult to convey to others
+(being entirely acquired by practice,) that if the power was in man to
+impart it to his fellow-men, he would possess the power of perfecting a
+gardener by diction. However, the hints on this important point of
+floraculture, will be as clear and expressive as can at present be
+elicited. All plants in this work that are aquatic, shall be specified
+as such; and those that are arid shall be duly mentioned. All others
+will come in the medium.
+
+All the plants must be looked over every day, and those watered that
+appear to be getting dry on the top. It must be strictly observed not to
+give water to any but such as are becoming dry, and let it be given
+moderately at this season. Two or three days may perhaps elapse before
+it need be repeated. There is not so much liability to err at present in
+giving too little, as in administering too much. Vegetation amongst the
+stove or Hot-house plants will soon begin to show, and the soil will
+prove uncongenial if it is impregnated with stagnant moisture. Small
+plants should always be watered with a pot, having what is termed a rose
+upon it. The surface of the rose, that is, where it is perforated with
+small apertures, ought to be level, or a little concave, which would
+convey the water more to a centre, and make neater work, by preventing
+any water from being unnecessarily spilt in the house. The size of the
+pot will be regulated by the person to suit the conveniences of the
+place. Water, when applied either to the roots or foliage of the plants,
+should be about the medium temperature of the house. The cistern, built
+on the plan herein recommended, will always give this, and sometimes
+more, which can easily be reduced by adding cold water. Where there are
+no cisterns, a tank or barrel might be in the house, in which the water
+could stand for one night or more, as is most suitable. When water is
+given without being thus aired, it chills the roots, prevents a
+luxuriant growth, injures the fresh and healthful appearance of the
+foliage, and too frequently gives to all the plants a sickly hue.
+
+
+OF INSECTS, THEIR DESTRUCTION, &c.
+
+In this department, insects begin to increase by hundreds, and too
+frequently their ravages are very obvious before their progress is
+arrested. We will treat of those which are most common, under their
+respective heads, with their nature and cure, as far as has come under
+our observation.
+
+_Aphis rosæ_, of the natural order of Hemiptera, or what is commonly
+known by Green Fly, Green Lice, &c. infect plants in general, and are
+particularly destructive in the Hot-house to _Hibíscus ròsa-sinénsis_,
+_Asclèpias_, _Crássula coccínea_, _Alstr[oe]meria_, and many other
+plants of a free growing nature. They attack the young and tender shoots
+at the point, leaving a dark filthy appearance on the foliage. Many
+remedies for their destruction have been offered to the public by
+various writers, each equally secure in his own opinion. Extensive
+practice alone can show the most easy and effectual cure. Fumigating
+with tobacco is decidedly the most efficacious, and in the power of any
+to perform. Take a small circular furnace, made of sheet iron, diameter
+at top twelve inches, and at bottom eight; depth one foot, having a
+grating in it to reach within three inches of the bottom, which will
+leave space for the air to pass, and where the ashes will fall and be
+kept in safety, having a handle like a pail to carry it with. This, or
+any thing similar, being ready, put in it a few embers of ignited
+charcoal; take it into the centre of the house, and put on the coals a
+quantity of moist tobacco stems. If they attempt to blaze or flame,
+sprinkle a little water over them; and as they consume, continue to add
+tobacco until the house is entirely full of smoke, observing always to
+do it in still, cloudy weather, or in the evening. If it is windy, the
+smoke is carried off without having half the effect, and requires more
+tobacco. The house must be closely shut up. There are several plants
+whose foliage is of a soft downy nature, such as _Helitròpiums_,
+_Callacárpas_, _Sálvias_, and many of the _Lantànas_, _Víncas_, with
+several others, that cannot stand, without danger, strong fumigation.
+These should be put low down in the house, or under the stage. These
+fumigations will have to be repeated frequently, the time for which will
+easily be perceived; and, when required, ought not to be delayed.
+Several species and varieties of the same genus, _Aphis_, can be
+destroyed in the like manner.
+
+_Acaris tellurius_, or red spider, is caused by a dry atmosphere, and
+its havoc generally is obvious before it is arrested. With its
+proboscis, it wounds the fine capillary vessels; and if the leaves are
+fine, they will appear as if probed with a needle, and yellowish around
+the wound. If they have farther progressed in their destructive work,
+the leaves will prematurely decay. On this appearance, turn up the leaf,
+and you will see them running about with incredible swiftness. Their
+body is of a blood colour, and their feet, eight in number, light red.
+When very numerous, they work thick webs on the under side of the leaf,
+and frequently all over it, forming a mass of half dead plants, decayed
+leaves, and thousands of spiders. The most effectual remedy is a
+thorough syringing with water, and profusely under the foliage. This
+being done every evening, will subdue and eventually banish them. Had
+the house been syringed two or three times per week, these intruders
+would not have appeared. It is said by some writers, that watering only
+reduces them to a temporary state of inaction, and will not destroy
+them. Laying aside the many prescribed nostrums, we assert that the pure
+element is the most effectual cure, as well as the most easy to be
+obtained.
+
+_Thrips_, order _Hemiptera_, are insects so minute as scarcely to be
+perceptible to the naked eye. They generally lurk close to the veins of
+the leaves of plants, and frequently attack esculents. When viewed
+through a glass, they are seen, when touched, to skip with great
+agility. The larva is of a high brown, or reddish colour. The thrip has
+four wings, and walks with its body turned upwards. It frequently
+attacks the extremities of tender shoots, or young leaves, which become
+shrivelled, brown, and will rub to dust easily between the thumb and
+finger. When any leaves or shoots are perceived to be so, if you do not
+observe the green fly, expect the thrips. They may be destroyed by a
+fumigation of tobacco, in the same manner as the green fly. By the
+simple and expeditious method of fumigation, these insects and several
+others may be destroyed effectually at any time they appear.
+
+_Cocus hesperidus_, or mealy bug, has appeared in the Hot-houses about
+Philadelphia within these few years, and, if not instantly destroyed,
+increases rapidly. It is of a white dusty colour, when broken, of a
+brownish red, generally covered with down, under which it deposits its
+eggs; and they, in a few months, come forth in great numbers. The cocus
+generally is of a dormant nature, but, in warm weather, they may be seen
+moving rapidly up the stems of the plants. Fumigating has no observable
+effect on these insects; therefore, as soon as they appear, recourse
+must be had to other means. The liquid made from the following receipt,
+is death to any of the _Cocus_ tribe: Take two pounds of strong soap,
+one pound flour of sulphur, one pound of leaf tobacco, one and a half
+ounce of nux vomica, with a table spoonful of turpentine, which boil in
+four gallons of river water to three; then set aside to cool. When
+boiling, stir it well with a stick, continuing to do so until it is
+reduced as above. In this liquor immerse the whole plant, drawing it to
+and fro gently, that the liquor may penetrate every where.
+
+This done, lay the plant on its side, until it begin to dry, then
+syringe well with clean water, and put it in its respective station.
+Where a collection of plants is free from any insects of the kind, every
+plant that is introduced, ought to be minutely scrutinized, that the
+unclean may be kept from the clean: the above insect will feed almost on
+any plant, but indulges on _Crássulas_, any of the bristly _Cáctus_,
+_Gardènias_, and in fact whatever is in the way.
+
+_Cocus--------_, or brown scaly insect, is frequently found on many
+plants, but we never could perceive that it does any other material
+injury, than dirtying them. We have always observed, that it is found in
+winter to abound most in those situations which are most excluded from
+air; therefore is of less importance than the other species, which eat
+and corrode the leaves of tender plants. A washing with strong soap suds
+will destroy them, or the above liquid will do it more effectually. Tie
+a piece of sponge on the end of a small stick, and scrub every leaf,
+stem, and crevice. Fumigating destroys the larvæ of this species.
+
+_Cocus--------_, or small white scaly insect, which generally infests
+_Cycas revolùta_ and _circinàlis_, the varieties of _Nèrium oleánder_,
+_Oleas_, and several species of _Acacias_, may be destroyed by washing
+as above with a sponge, and a strong decoction of tobacco, using the
+liquid about the warmth of 100°. Being thus heated, it irritates the
+insect, when, by easing itself from its bed, the fluid passes under it,
+and causes immediate death. If it is not thus irritated, it adheres so
+closely to the foliage, that it will keep you at defiance. The under,
+or dark side of the leaves is its residence; and we have observed a
+plant in a house where there was only light on one side, with the dark
+side literally covered, while the light side was clean. So much for
+having houses with plenty of light. The effects of this insect are of a
+corroding nature, extracting all the juices from the leaf under it, even
+straining to the other side; and where they have got to the extremity,
+the foliage is completely yellow, and of a decayed appearance.
+
+_Cocus--------_, or turtle insect. We have never observed this insect
+arrive to any extent, but think that the _Datura arborea_ is most
+infested with it. It is the largest of any genus known amongst us, and
+very like a turtle in miniature. On lifting it from the wood, to which
+it generally adheres, there appear to be hundreds of eggs under it, but
+fumigating completely destroys the larvæ. In our opinion this turtle
+insect is no other than the old female of the brown scaly insect, which
+swells to a large size before depositing its eggs. We have frequently
+observed the insect dead in this enlarged state, and question if this is
+the last stage of its transmigration. The male insect is winged, and
+very active in its movements.
+
+
+OF SHIFTING PLANTS.
+
+At this period of the season very little is required to grow
+_Calceolàrias_ to perfection. They require a few months of the
+Hot-house, and if the directions given last month were followed up, some
+of these will have advanced a little in growth. The herbaceous kinds,
+when grown about one inch high, ought to be divided, and put into four
+inch pots, sprinkled gently, and kept in the shade until they begin to
+grow; after which, keep them near the glass, to prevent them from
+becoming spindly and drawn. Their farther treatment will be observed as
+they require. This is a beautiful genus of plants, flowering very
+profusely all summer, and some of them early in spring.
+
+_Alstr[oe]merias_, about the beginning or middle of the month, will have
+made their appearance above ground. When shot about one inch, turn them
+out, and carefully shake them clear of earth; and if required, divide
+the crowns, and put them in as small pots as possible, taking care not
+to break any of the strong fleshy roots. (For Soil, see Table.) To
+flower these plants well, they require to be frequently shifted, during
+their active stage of growth, which must be duly observed. The most of
+the species of this genus will more than repay the attention, by their
+abundantly and beautifully spotted flowers. _A. flósmartìna_, _A.
+Pelegrìna_, _A. pulchélla_, and _A. atrópurpurea_, are the most
+splendid. The former flowers very freely. All natives of South America.
+
+Where bulbous roots, such as _Hyacinths_, _Jonquils_, _Narcissus_,
+_Ixias_, _Lachenàllas_, &c. are required to be early in flower, they
+may, about the beginning or end of the month, be put in the front of the
+Hot-house, giving very little water until they begin to grow; then water
+freely, and tie up the flower stems as they advance.
+
+
+OF CLEANSING PLANTS, HOUSE, &c.
+
+This subject ought to be kept constantly in view. However correct every
+thing may be executed, without that adorning beauty, cleanliness, all
+will appear only half done. Therefore let all the dead leaves be picked
+off every day, and with dust and other litter swept out of the house,
+and when necessary, the house washed, which will be at least once a
+week. That the foliage of the plants may always appear fresh, syringe
+them in the evening, twice or three times per week; (when the weather is
+very cold, do it in the morning.) At present this will in a great
+measure keep down the insects, and will prove a bane to the red spider.
+
+A hand engine is certainly the best. Milne's patent hand engine
+surpasses any that we have used. Nevertheless a hand syringe is very
+effectual. Some of these engines are powerful, throwing the water above
+forty feet. Read's patent of London is excellent. At the store of D. &
+C. Landreth, Phila., there is a very good kind, which answers admirably
+in small houses. Tie up neatly with stakes, and threads of Russia mat,
+all the straggling growing plants; let the stakes be proportionate to
+the plants, and never longer, except they are climbing sorts. Do not tie
+the branches in bundles, but singly and neatly, imitating nature as much
+as possible. If any of the plants are affected with the _Cocus_ insect,
+let them be cleaned according to the plan already mentioned, taking
+particular care also in washing the stakes to which they had been
+previously tied, and burning all the old tyings, which contain the
+larvæ of the insect in many instances, especially of _Cocus hesperidus_.
+It is premised, when any of these things are done, that they will be
+well done, and not half doing, and always doing. Cleanliness, in every
+respect, promotes a pure air, which is congenial to vegetation, and
+will, with other attention, always ensure a healthful and vigorous
+appearance in the house.
+
+
+
+
+Green-House.
+
+
+_JANUARY._
+
+This compartment requires particular attention, in order to preserve the
+plants in good health, and carry them through this precarious season of
+the year. A little air must be admitted at all convenient times. An hour
+or two at mid-day will be of the utmost importance in drying up damp,
+and clearing off stagnated air, which is a harbour for every corruption.
+The top sashes being let down, or turned a few inches, in mild days
+(that is, when it is not high and cutting winds) from ten or eleven
+o'clock to two or three, according to the intensity of the frost, will
+renovate the interior air of the house, and harden the plants. When the
+weather will permit, let the front sashes be opened about one inch or
+more. An assiduous, experienced hand will never omit an opportunity.
+
+With regard to fire heat, the temperature must be regulated to suit the
+nature of the plants in a general sense; so let the mercury, or spirits
+of wine, of Fahrenheit's thermometer, be from 34° to 43°; if it begins
+to fall, give a little fire heat. No doubt we have seen the thermometer
+much lower in the Green-house, than the above, even as low as 24°,
+without any immediate injury; but it was in an extensive collection,
+where the most hardy of the plants were selected into one house. Many
+boast how little fire they give their Green-house, and how cold it is
+kept, not observing the miserable state of their plants,--inexperience
+causing them to think, that the least fire heat will make them grow, and
+would rather look on naked stems than healthy plants. The above
+temperature will not, in exotics, cause premature vegetation, but will
+cause the plants to retain the foliage requisite to vegetative nature. A
+high temperature is not necessary for the generality of Green-house
+plants; on the contrary, it might very much injure them.
+
+
+OF WATERING.
+
+In this month very little is requisite, and must be given with great
+caution. Few plants will require much, and some hardly any; but all must
+be attended to, and have their wants supplied. Some will need it twice,
+some once a week, and some in two weeks, according to their shrubby and
+woody nature. Herbaceous and deciduous plants will seldom need water.
+Perhaps, from the throwing of the foliage, to the commencement of
+vegetation, three or four times will be sufficient. Particular attention
+should be paid to the state of health and of growth, in which the plants
+respectively are, in the application of water; otherwise much mischief
+may be done, and many entirely ruined.
+
+Green-house plants, being now in an absolutely inactive state, require
+little more water than merely to keep the earth about their roots from
+becoming perfectly dry, by occasionally applying a very small quantity
+at the root; and, if done with a watering pot, as described under this
+head in the Hot-house of this month, very little will be spilt in the
+house to increase dampness, which, if it does appear, by any of the
+leaves of the plants becoming musty, they must be instantly picked off;
+and, if it increases, give a little fire and air. Succulent plants will
+not need any water during this month, unless omitted in December.
+
+
+CAMELLIA JAPONICA.
+
+This magnificent and attractive flower, with all its splendid varieties,
+will, about this time, begin to open its beautiful flowers. But for this
+admired genus of plants, our Green-houses, at this season, would be void
+of allurement. It is, in this country, subject to mildew and red spider,
+and more especially in the city, which appears to be from the nature of
+the air. The effects of mildew on these plants, if not prevented, would
+prove fatal; as, from appearance, many have died by it in our city. If
+it has reached a great extent, the leaves are brownish, having the
+appearance of being decayed, or scorched with the sun. In taking hold of
+the leaf, it feels soft, and altogether seems to have lost its nutritive
+substance; and, when the young foliage expands, it becomes covered with
+dark brown spots, and finally very much disfigured; and, when in this
+state, it is attacked by red spider, and, ultimately, death ensues.
+
+If any of the plants are affected as above described, take a sponge, and
+wash every leaf minutely with soft water, and syringe them with water
+three or four times a week, which will clean them. All the young foliage
+will be healthy, and that which has been affected will fall off.
+However, prevention is better than cure; and if the _Camellias_ are
+properly syringed every evening during summer, and once or twice a week
+during winter, they will never be subject to the ravages of mildew or of
+red spider.
+
+Tie up any of the flowers that are expanded to stakes, in case of
+accident; and, in syringing, observe not to let any water fall on the
+flowers, as it causes premature decay, and change of colour.
+
+The mildew first appears like small particles of very fine flour, around
+the under edge of the leaves, and visible to the naked eye; so that,
+syringing, sponging, &c. under the leaf is most requisite; but, as the
+mildew extends, both sides of the leaves are covered with these white
+particles.
+
+
+OF ORANGES, LEMONS, &c.
+
+As there will perhaps be more leisure in the Green-house this month than
+in any other during the winter, it is presumed that there will not be a
+moment lost. If any of the trees are infested with insects, these, being
+now in their inactive state, may be more easily destroyed than at any
+other time. It is the brown scaly insect that generally infests them.
+For treatment, see _Hothouse, January_. The plant, or tree, after being
+washed, before it becomes dry, will require to be syringed with water,
+otherwise the dust will adhere to the glutinous particles of the soap.
+Set the plant in an airy situation to dry, in case of damp. There are
+several others subject to this insect, such as _Myrtles_, _Oleas_,
+_Oleanders_, &c. which treat in the same manner. Be careful that these
+trees are not over watered; if the soil is moist, it is sufficient.
+
+
+OF CAPE BULBS, &c.
+
+If there are any out of the ground, it is time that the whole were
+potted, such as _Lachenàlia_, _Wachendórfia_, _Eùcomis_, _Ixia_,
+_Gladìolus_, with several others. Keep them in the shade until they
+begin to grow; then put them on shelves near the light. Those that are
+growing must be kept in front of the house, to prevent them being weak.
+_Wachendórfia_ has a beautiful large red tuber root; and, as the new
+root descends, give it a pot about six or seven inches.
+
+
+OF HYACINTHS AND OTHER BULBOUS ROOTS.
+
+All these roots must be carefully examined. In case slugs or snails are
+preying upon the embryo of the flower, some of those that are farthest
+advanced, may be put for a few weeks in the Hot-house. It will greatly
+accelerate their flowering, but they must be brought out again before
+the florets expand, and carefully tied up, leaving room for the increase
+and extension of the flower stem. Give them plenty of water, and if
+saucers can be placed under them to retain it, it will be of advantage.
+Change the water every week on those that are in glasses, and keep all
+the growing bulbs near the light. _Narcissus_, _Jonquils_, &c. may be
+similarly treated.
+
+
+
+
+Flower Garden.
+
+
+_JANUARY._
+
+
+If the covering of the beds of choice bulbs, herbaceous plants, or
+tender shrubs, has been neglected last month, let it be done forthwith.
+The season is now precarious, and delays are dangerous. For particular
+directions, see _December_. Any bulbous roots that have been kept out of
+the ground, should be planted immediately, according to directions in
+_October_. Some writers have recommended keeping some of the bulbs until
+this month, in order to have a continued succession. Experience will
+prove the inefficacy of the plan, and will satisfactorily show that the
+difference is almost imperceptible, while the flowers are very inferior
+and much degenerated; and in place of having "a long continued
+succession of bloom," there appear, along with your finest specimens,
+very imperfect flowers, calculated to discourage the admirers of these
+"gaudy" decoratives of our flower gardens. Whereas every art employed
+should be to the advancement and perfection of nature.
+
+
+OF FRAMING, &c.
+
+The plants and roots that are in frames, should be protected with straw
+mats, and the frame surrounded with litter, or leaves, or what is more
+advisable, banked with earth--the former being a harbour for mice and
+other vermin. For full directions, see _December_. Under this head the
+plants, such as _Auriculas_, _Polyanthus_, _Daisies_, _Carnations_,
+_Pinks_, _Gentianellas_, _Campanula pyramidalis_, _Double rocket_,
+_Double stock_, _or Stockgillys_, _Double Wall-flower_, _Anemone_,
+_Ranunculus_, &c. as previously enumerated as frame plants, will require
+very little water, and be sure to give none while they are in a frozen
+state. If snow should cover them, the plants will keep in a fine state
+under it, so never remove snow from covering cold frames, even suppose
+it should lay for months,--nature will operate here herself.
+
+All the above plants except _Anemone_ and _Ranunculus_ are kept in
+perfection in the Green-house; but where neither this nor framing can be
+obtained, they will, in most winters, keep tolerably, if well covered
+with litter--the roughest from the stable, straw or hay, or such like,
+using means to secure it from being blown over the whole garden.
+
+
+OF PRUNING AND PREPARING FOR SPRING.
+
+It is not advisable to carry on a general pruning in this month, in
+whatever state the weather may be. The severest frosts generally are yet
+to come, and too frequently in this operation, what is done now has to
+be repeated on the opening of spring, causing at that time work to a
+disadvantage; because, if pruning, when done just now, is accomplished
+judiciously, whatever more on the same bush is requisite to be done in
+spring, from the effects of frost, will be injudicious. Hence it is far
+preferable to delay it until the frost is over, when all can be done to
+advantage.
+
+There are, undoubtedly, some shrubs that may be pruned any time, from
+the end of November to the first of March, such as _Hibíscus syrìacus_
+(_Althea_), and all its varieties, except the _Double White_, which is
+in some instances entirely killed by our severe winter, and certainly,
+for precaution, would be the better of some simple protection.
+
+In many seasons, the beginning of this month is open, and admits of the
+operation of digging, which if it is not all done as advised last month,
+ought not to be delayed. The fruits of it will appear in the mellowed
+state of your soil in spring.
+
+If there is any spare time, straight sticks or stakes may be prepared
+for summer. Tie them up in neat bundles, which will be of great service
+during the hurried period of the year. An opportunity of this kind
+should always be laid hold of; the beneficial results will in season be
+displayed.
+
+
+
+
+=ROOMS.=
+
+_JANUARY._
+
+
+Plants that are kept in rooms generally are such as require a medium
+temperature, say 40°. Sitting rooms or parlours, about this season, are,
+for the most part, heated from 55° to 65°, and very seldom has the air
+any admittance into these apartments, thus keeping the temperature from
+15° to 25° higher than the nature of the plants requires, and excluding
+that fresh air which is requisite to support a forced vegetative
+principle. Therefore, as far as practicable, let the plants be kept in a
+room adjoining to one where there is fire heat, and the intervening door
+can be opened when desirable. They will admit sometimes of being as low
+as 33°.
+
+If they be constantly kept where there is fire, let the window be
+opened some inches; two or three time a day, for a few minutes, thereby
+making the air of the apartment more congenial, both for animal and
+vegetable nature.
+
+
+WATERING, &c.
+
+There are very few plants killed for want of water, during winter. All
+that is necessary is merely to keep the soil in a moist state, that is,
+do not let it get so dry that you can divide the particles of earth, nor
+so wet that they could be beat to clay. The frequency of watering can be
+best regulated by the person doing it, as it depends entirely upon the
+size of the pot or jar in proportion to the plant, whether it is too
+little or too large, and the situation it stands in, whether moist or
+arid. Never allow any quantity of water to stand in the flats or
+saucers. This is too frequently practised with plants in general. Such
+as _Cálla Æthiòpica_, or African Lily, will do well, as water is its
+element, (like _Sagittària_ in this country;) and the _Hydrángea
+horténsis_, when in a growing state, will do admirably under such
+treatment. Many plants may do well for some time, but it being so
+contrary to their nature, causes premature decay; a f[oe]tid stagnation
+takes place at the root, the foliage becomes yellow, and the plant
+stunted; and in the winter season, death will ensue.
+
+
+OF CAMELLIA JAPONICA.
+
+In rooms the buds of Camellias will be well swelled, and on the Double
+White and Double Variegated sorts, perhaps they will be full blown.
+While in that state the temperature should not be below 34°; if lower
+they will not expand so well, and the expanded petals will soon become
+yellow and decay. If they are where there is fire heat, they must have
+plenty of air admitted to them every favourable opportunity, or the
+consequence will be, that all the buds will turn dark brown, and fall
+off. It is generally the case, in the treatment of these beautiful
+plants in rooms, that through too much intended care they are entirely
+destroyed. In the city, they do not agree with confined air, and they
+cannot get too much of pure air, if they are kept from frost or cutting
+winds. To sponge frequently will greatly promote the health of the
+plants, and add to the beauty of their foliage, as it prevents the
+attacks of mildew. In this season they do not require much water at
+root, which may be observed in the slight absorption by the soil. See
+this subject under the head of _Watering_.
+
+When the flowers are expanded, and droop, tie them up neatly, so that
+the flower may be shown to every advantage.
+
+
+OF INSECTS, &c.
+
+Insects of various kinds will be appearing on your plants. For method of
+destruction see _Hot-house_, _January_. It will not be agreeable to
+fumigate the room or rooms, or even to have the smell of tobacco near
+the house from this cause.
+
+Many ingredients have been compounded, and prescriptions recommended,
+for the destruction of these nefarious pests. Many of them are
+altogether ineffectual. Of receipts specified in works of this kind, not
+a few of them (though eagerly sought for) by men of extensive practice,
+have been rejected. We shall give the most simple, and in part effective
+receipt for the destruction of the Green fly.
+
+Take a large tub of soft water, (if the day is frosty, it had better be
+done in the house,) invert the plant, holding the hand, or tying a piece
+of cloth, or any thing of the kind, over the soil in the pot, put all
+the branches in the water, keeping the pot in the hand, drawing it to
+and fro a few times; take it out, and shake it. If any insects remain,
+take a small fine brush, and brush them off, giving another dip, which
+will clean them for the present. As soon as they appear again, repeat
+the process--for nothing that we have found out, or heard of, can
+totally extirpate them.
+
+
+OF BULBOUS ROOTS IN GENERAL.
+
+If you have retained any of the _Cape bulbs_ from the last planting, let
+them be put in, in the early part of the month. For method, see
+_September_. Those that are growing must be kept very near the light,
+that is, close to the window, or they will not flourish to your
+satisfaction. The fall-flowering oxalis may be kept on the stage, or any
+other place, to give room to those that are to flower.
+
+_Hyacinths_, _Jonquils_, _Narcissus_, _Tulips_, &c. will keep very well
+in a room where fire heat is constantly kept, providing that they are
+close to the window. A succession of these, as before observed, may
+beautify the drawing room from February to April, by having a reserved
+stock, in a cold situation, and taking a few of them every week into the
+warmest apartment.
+
+Wherever any of the bulbs are growing, and in the interior of the room,
+remove them close to the light, observing to turn the pots or glasses
+frequently to prevent them from growing to one side, and giving them
+support as soon as the stems droop, or the head becomes pendant. The
+saucers under the Hyacinth and Narcissus especially may stand with
+water, and observe to change the water in the glasses, as already
+mentioned.
+
+Every one that has any taste or refinement in their floral undertakings,
+will delight in seeing the plants in perfection; to have them so, they
+must be divested of every leaf that has the appearance of decaying--let
+this always be attended to.
+
+
+
+
+=Hot-House.=
+
+_FEBRUARY_.
+
+
+In the early part of this month the weather generally is very cold and
+changeable in the middle states, and strict attention, with the greatest
+caution, will require to be paid to the management of the Hot-house.
+Most of the tropical plants commence an active state of vegetation; and
+if checked by temperature or otherwise, they will not recover until
+midsummer. The thermometer may be kept two or three degrees higher with
+fire heat than last month; the sun will be more powerful, and this will,
+in a great degree, increase the vigour of the plants. Air may be
+admitted when the thermometer rises to 75° or 80°, not allowing it to
+rise higher than the latter. In giving air, let it be done by the top
+sashes. It is improper to give it in any way to cause a current, for the
+external air is very cold, although the sun is more powerful. An inch or
+two on a few of the sashes, as has been previously observed, will be
+effectual in keeping the temperature low enough, except the weather is
+very mild.
+
+With regard to firing, what was said last month may suffice for this.
+Always recollect that it is preferable to keep out the cold than to put
+it out. It will frequently happen in the time of intense frost, that
+the weather is dull. In such cases fire in a small degree is requisite
+all day.
+
+Heavy snows ought never to be allowed to remain on the shutters while
+they are on the house. If the snow lies on the sashes one day, the
+internal heat will dissolve some of it; night coming on will freeze it
+to the wood work, when it will become a solid mass, and too frequently
+cannot be separated without much damage. If allowed to remain on for two
+days, the plants are very much weakened, and the foliage discoloured.
+Therefore let the snow be cleared off instantly, that no inconvenience
+may take place.
+
+It will be observed that plants absorb more water this month than last.
+The quantity given will require to be increased, according to the
+increase of vegetation and the advancement of the season; but never give
+it until the soil begins to get dry, and then in such proportion as will
+reach the bottom of the pot. After the sun has got on the house in the
+morning is the best time to water, observing all the directions given in
+January.
+
+
+OF INSECTS, &c.
+
+Perhaps sufficient observations were given under this head last month;
+but the importance of keeping these disagreeable visitors out of the
+house, constrains us to make a few more remarks, and perhaps it may be
+necessary every month. Man cannot be too frequently guarded against his
+foes, more especially when they are summoning all their forces, and no
+profession has more than that of the Horticulturist. Let a strict
+examination be made about the end of the month for the Red spider; they
+will be in operation some weeks before their depredations are observed
+on the foliage. The under side of the leaf is their resort in the first
+instance, and on such plants as have been already mentioned.
+
+Observe daily the young shoots, in case the Green fly becomes numerous.
+They give the foliage a very disagreeable appearance, and with most
+people it is intolerable, before their career is arrested. It also takes
+a stronger fumigation, which has frequently to be repeated the following
+day to the same degree, much to the injury of many of the plants, and
+adding to the disagreeableness of the continued vapour in the house.
+
+
+OF SHIFTING PLANTS.
+
+The _Calceolàrias_ that were put in small pots about the beginning or
+middle of last month, will, if they have done well, require, about the
+end of this, to be put in pots a size larger.
+
+If any of _Lilìum longiflòrum_, _Speciòsum_, or _Japónicum_, are wanted
+to flower early, and were put in the Hot-house in December, without
+dividing, those that are to flower will have pushed their flower stems,
+and can be separated from those that will not flower, and put singly
+into pots; the two former into five or six inch pots, while the latter
+require six or seven inch pots. Of those that do not flower, three or
+four can be put into one pot.
+
+About the end of the month, some of the plants of _Eurcúma_, _Amómum_,
+_Kæmpféria_, _Glóbba_, _Phrynium_, _Cánna_, _Zíngiber_, _Hedychium_, and
+others that are on the dry shelf, will be offering to grow. Let them be
+taken out of their pots, some of their weakest shoots or tubers taken
+off, and the strong ones repotted: give gentle waterings until they grow
+freely, then give an abundance.
+
+_Dionæa mucípula_, or Venus fly trap, grows best in the Hot-house, and
+will, about the end of the month, stand in need of being repotted. This
+plant is very seldom grown in any degree of perfection, having been
+always considered a delicate plant in collections. The operator has
+never had courage to treat it according to its nature in a cultivated
+state. If it is taken out of the pot, just when beginning to grow
+afresh, and divested of all the soil, leaving only a few of the young
+roots, (it is a bulb, and will receive no injury by so doing,) put it in
+new soil; when potted, place the pot in a saucer with one inch of water
+in it, giving always a fresh supply, when necessary. A shady and moist
+situation is best adapted to it; this being repeated every year, it will
+grow, flower, and seed in perfection.
+
+_Gesnérias_, if in small pots, give larger as they advance in growth.
+This genus requires to be well attended to make them flower well. _G.
+bulbósa_ ought to have a situation in every Hot-house. It is remarkable
+for its many brilliant crimson flowers, and continues in flower for a
+length of time. When the bulb begins to push, shake it out of the
+earth, putting it into a small pot; and, as soon as the roots reach the
+side of the earth, which will be in about one month, put it in a larger
+pot, and continue to do so until flowering, which will be about the
+first of June, observing always to keep the ball of earth entire.
+
+_Gloriósas_ must be repotted in the beginning of this month.
+Etymologists have said that this _genus_ is named from the glorious
+appearance of its flowers. _G. supérba_ is the most beautiful and
+curious. The roots ought to be planted one and a half inch deep, taking
+care not to break them; if there is a bark bed, place the pots in it. Do
+not water much until they begin to grow. Where there is no bark bed, put
+the pots into others three inches larger, filling all round with sand,
+and place them in the warmest part of the house. Keep the sand moist,
+which will assist to keep the soil in a moist state. The earth must not
+have much water. As the plants grow, they will require a more liberal
+supply; yet it is necessary, at all times, to be moderate in giving it.
+If well treated, the superb flowers will appear in June or July.
+
+
+OF CLEANSING PLANTS, HOUSE, &c.
+
+With regard to cleaning the plants. Sprinkling, or syringing, is at all
+times, to a greater or less degree, necessary. The plants will, in this
+compartment, be in their first stage of growth, and, if dust or foulness
+be permitted to lodge on their foliage, the pores will be obstructed,
+the plants will become unhealthy, and the growth of insects increased.
+
+Let all moss, litter, decayed leaves, or weeds, be cleared out of the
+house, the earth in the pots stirred up with a round pointed stick, and
+fresh earth given where required, that the air may operate therein
+freely.
+
+The house ought always to be sprinkled before being swept, to prevent
+the dust rising.
+
+Attend to the bulbous roots as directed last month, such as _Hyacinths_,
+_Narcissus_, &c.
+
+
+
+
+=Green-House.=
+
+_FEBRUARY_.
+
+
+The directions given last month respecting the airing and temperature of
+the house, may still be followed, differing only in admitting air more
+freely as the season advances, and according to the power the sun has on
+the glass, which now begins to be considerable.
+
+If the weather is tolerably mild, air may be admitted in time of
+sunshine, so as to keep the mercury as low as 45°, but be cautious in
+cold, cloudy, frosty weather. It is a practice with many in such weather
+to keep the shutters on the house night and day, for the space of a
+week, and sometimes more, never entering it; and, when the weather has
+induced them to look in, they find that the frost and damp have made
+many lifeless subjects; whereas, had the house and plants been attended
+to, in taking off the shutters, and giving a little fire when requisite,
+all would have been in safety, and many that cannot be replaced still in
+the collection.
+
+When watering, strictly adhere to the directions of last month, except
+with _Geraniums_, and other soft wooded plants, which require a little
+more water toward the end of the month. If the days are mild and sunny
+about eight or nine o'clock in the morning, all the plants would be
+benefited by a gentle syringing, which retards the progress of insects,
+and accelerates vegetation.
+
+Succulents, such as _Cáctus_, _Mesembryánthemum_, _Aloes_, _Furchræas_,
+_Crássulas_, _Cotylèdons_, &c. will very seldom need water, at the same
+time keep them from getting as dry as powder.
+
+
+OF ORANGES, LEMONS, &c.
+
+Similar treatment to that recommended last month will do for this. Where
+the soil in the tubs or pots requires to be enriched, take of bone dust
+or shavings, and fresh sheep dung, equal quantities; put the mixture
+into a large tub or barrel, until one third full; and fill it up with
+water. Stir it well two or three times every day for a week, then give
+each tree one good watering with the compound. Continue to mix up
+afresh, and let it stand another week, and so on until all the trees
+requiring it are watered. This watering will greatly enrich the soil,
+and invigorate the roots.
+
+
+OF CAPE BULBS, &c.
+
+The bulbs, of _Ferrària undulata_ and _F. antheròsa_, that were taken
+out of the pots in October, will now require to be planted. Five inch
+pots will be large enough for good roots. The grand criterion for
+planting bulbs is when there is a protuberant appearance about the
+bottom, or root part of the bulb, showing, by a principle of nature, the
+true time for transplanting. When bulbous roots of any description
+appear above ground, they ought to be placed in an airy situation. They
+are very frequently placed under other plants, by the inexperienced,
+until they show their flowers, and then brought to the light, having
+weak flowers, and comparatively of momentary existence.
+
+_Hyacinths_, _Narcissus_, _Gladìolus_, _Ixia_, &c. having flower stems,
+ought to have support, to prevent accident, especially the two former;
+keep them nigh the glass, and water freely. Change the water regularly
+in the bulb glasses, observing that their roots are never allowed to
+become matted with f[oe]tid water. Any of the above plants that are in
+flower, might, if desired, be taken into the drawing room or parlour,
+washing the pots clean, and putting saucers under them, keeping therein
+a little water. Twice a week the decayed ones can be taken out, and
+supplanted with those that are coming into bloom.
+
+
+CAMELLIA JAPONICA
+
+Will, in this month, show a profusion of flowers; and, where there is a
+variety, they have truly a magnificent appearance. From a good
+selection, endless varieties, by seed, of exquisite beauty, might be
+obtained by attention to the following rule. The best to select for
+bearing seed are _Single white_, _Atoniana_, _Grandiflora_, _Waratah_,
+_Carnation Waratah_, _Fulgens_, and, in many instances, the pistil, or
+pistillum of _Variegata_, _Pompone_, _Pæoniflora_, and _Intermedia_, are
+perfect, with several others. When any of the above are newly expanded,
+(_Waratah_ is most perfect about one day before expansion,) take a fine
+camel hair pencil, and put it gently on the farina or pollen, which is a
+yellow substance on the anthers, and, when ripe, appears in thousands of
+small particles. Take the finest double kinds, then, with this on the
+pencil, rub lightly the stile of those intended to carry seed. Between
+the hours of ten and twelve in the forenoon, is the most proper time for
+the operation; the seed will be ripe in September or October, which will
+be taken notice of, and directions given. For other particulars on
+cleaning and syringing, see _January_ under this head.
+
+
+OF SHIFTING &c.
+
+The best time to repot _Camellias_, is just when they are done
+flowering, which will be before they begin to grow. There are, though
+not frequently, some flowers after the young foliage begins to appear,
+and probably it would be better to discriminate the time by the buds
+offering to push, which will answer to those that have no flowers, as
+well as those that have. The most general time in shifting _Camellias_
+is in August and September, indiscriminately with other plants; and, if
+then not very gently handled, bad roots eventually are produced.
+Frequently very fine plants have been killed by probing, and breaking
+the young fibrous roots, thus causing mortification.
+
+In the process, do not, by any means, break, or bruise any of the roots:
+and do not give large pots, with the idea of making them grow fast: it
+acts on most plants diametrically opposite to what is intended. A pot
+one or one and a half inches wider and deeper than the one they have
+been in previously, is sufficient. Healthy plants under five feet will
+not require shifting oftener than once in two years; from five feet
+upwards in three or four years, according to the health of the plants.
+This treatment, in the opinion of some, will appear not sufficient: it
+will be found enough with a top-dressing every year to keep them in a
+healthy, flowering condition, the soil being according to our
+description.
+
+On turning the plant out of the pot, it may easily be observed if the
+soil has, in any degree, been congenial to it; for if so, the roots will
+be growing all round the ball; if otherwise, no roots will appear.
+
+Therefore, with a blunt pointed stick, probe away all the bad earth,
+until you come to the roots; then put the plant in the pot about one
+inch in diameter, larger than the combined roots, previously putting a
+few small pieces of broken pots, or clean gravel, to drain off the
+superabundant moisture, and give light waterings, as the roots in this
+case will grow but slowly.
+
+Top dress all that requires shifting, probe out the soil down to the
+roots, and by the side of the pot, taking care not to break the fibres;
+then fill up with fresh earth, watering gently with a rose on the
+watering pot to settle it.
+
+
+OF CLEANING, &c.
+
+If any of the plants require cleaning, either by fumigation or
+otherwise, let it be done before the young foliage appears, according to
+directions heretofore given. Likewise tie neatly all that require it,
+clean and top dress those that will not be shifted, having every plant
+and all in the Green-house, in perfect order, before the throng of
+spring commences. The weather will now admit, in very fine mornings, of
+the plants being syringed, which may be done between half past seven and
+half past eight: and the path or pavement should be washed out once a
+week, which is a great improvement to the appearance of the whole
+interior.
+
+In winter whenever any glass is broken it should be immediately mended.
+Broken glass in cold nights causes a very destructive current of air. It
+should always be made water tight, for if the drops fall into the pots
+upon the roots, they will frequently prove fatal to the plants;
+therefore care ought to be taken during rain to remove those that stand
+in any manner exposed.
+
+
+
+
+=Flower Garden.=
+
+_FEBRUARY_.
+
+
+Where the borders and beds were dug in the fall, and compost or a thin
+coating of well decayed manure given, the advantage will now in part be
+experienced. If the weather is open about the end of the month, the
+pruning should be done with the utmost despatch; that all may be
+prepared for a general dressing next month, and let nothing be delayed
+which can now properly be accomplished, under the idea that there is
+time enough.
+
+
+OF PRUNING, &c.
+
+Generally about the end of the month the very severe frosts are over;
+and when none need be apprehended that would materially injure hardy
+shrubs, they may freely be pruned of all dead branches, and the points
+cut off such shoots as have been damaged by the winter. Most of shrubs
+require nothing more than to be pruned of straggling, irregular, and
+injured branches, or of suckers that rise round the root, observing that
+they do not intermingle with each other. Never trim them up in a formal
+manner. Regular shearing of shrubs and topiary work have been expelled
+as unworthy of a taste the least improved by reflections on the beauty,
+simplicity, and grandeur of nature. In fact, the pruning of deciduous
+hardy shrubs should be done in such a manner as not to be observable
+when the plants are covered with verdure. It may frequently be observed
+in Flower-gardens, that roses and shrubs of every description are
+indiscriminately cut with the shears, the _Amórphas_ and _Althèas_
+sharing the same fate.
+
+_Robínias_, _Colùteas_, _Cyticus_, _Rhús_, _Genístas_, with several of
+the _Viburnums_, and many others, bear their flowers on the wood of last
+year, and when thus sheared afford no gratification in flowering. And
+those shrubs that thus flower on the shoots of last year are perhaps
+worse to keep in regular order, than those to which the knife can be
+freely applied; but good management while young will ensure handsome
+free flowering plants.
+
+Climbing shrubs, and others that are trained against outbuildings,
+walls, or such as are sheltered thereby, and not now in danger of
+suffering by frost, may be pruned and dressed. These should be neatly
+trimmed, and the branches moderately thinned out, tying in all the
+shoots straight and regular. Avoid at all times, if possible, the
+crossing of any shoots.
+
+There is not a shrub in the garden that agrees so well with close
+cutting, as the _Althèa_, and all its varieties. These can be made
+either bushes or trees, and kept at any desired height. Where the wood
+of last year is cut to about two or three inches from the wood of the
+former year, the young shoots of this year will produce the largest and
+finest flowers, and likewise more profusely. When they have attained the
+desired height, let them be kept in the most natural and handsome shape
+that the taste of the operator can suggest. They will bear cutting to
+any degree.
+
+Honeysuckles of every description may with all freedom be trimmed,
+providing the frost is not very severe. These are very frequently
+allowed to become too crowded with wood, and then superficially sheared
+or cut. The flowers would be much finer, and the bush handsomer, if they
+were regularly thinned out, divesting them of all naked and superfluous
+shoots. Of those that remain, shorten the shoots of last year. Where any
+of the honeysuckle kind has become naked at the bottom, and flowering
+only at the top of the trellis, or extremities of the shoots, one half
+of the bush should be cut to within four inches of the ground. It will
+throw out plenty of fine young wood, which give room for, and train them
+straight, and to the full extent, during summer. These shoots will
+flower profusely the following season, and in like manner, when thought
+proper, the other half can be cut.
+
+Roses of the hardy kinds (termed garden roses) that were not attended to
+in November, should, if the weather permit, be dressed and pruned
+forthwith. In small gardens, where these are generally attached to the
+walls and fences, neatness should be a very particular object. If any of
+such bushes have got strong and irregular, the most proper method to
+bring them to order, will be to cut down each alternate shoot of the
+bush to within a few inches of the surface, thereby renovating it, and,
+in part, preserving the flowers. Those that are cut down will put out
+several luxuriant shoots, which must be regularly tacked in, spreading
+them in a fan shape. These, in another year, will flower well, when the
+others may go through the same operation. Thus, in two or three years,
+the bushes will have resumed a different, and more agreeable aspect. By
+the above treatment, these ornaments of the garden will always have a
+neat and healthful appearance, and the roses will be much finer. Where
+they are intended for the borders, they should never be allowed to get
+too high. In a border from four to six feet, they ought never to exceed
+four feet at the back of the border, and in front, one foot, after being
+pruned; they can be kept down by the above method. It is not advisable
+to cut down rose bushes all at once, unless no regard is paid to
+flowering. The roses that are in grass plats would have a superior
+appearance in every respect, if they were kept and trimmed like small
+trees. They may be of different sizes and heights, according to the
+extent of the grass plat or clump. A single stem may arise from six
+inches to six feet, with a head in proportion to the height of the stem.
+Where it is necessary to have them above two feet, and likewise to carry
+a good head, inoculation must be resorted to, which, in the months of
+June and July, will be fully treated of. All under two feet (except the
+weak growing kinds) will do on their own stems, taking care not to allow
+shoots to arise from the bottom during the summer. For directions for
+pruning climbing roses, see March and April.
+
+
+OF PLANTING SHRUBS, &c.
+
+As soon as the frost is out of the ground, these should be planted if
+the soil is not too wet. Where soil is binding, upon no consideration
+plant in it while wet, rather defer it until the end of March.
+
+Shrubs, if they are well arranged, are the chief ornament, give the most
+pleasure, and afford the greatest delight that we enjoy in our gardens.
+Although they give no sort of nourishment, nor produce any edible
+fruits, yet they are particularly grateful and conducive to our
+enjoyments. Our walks in summer would be oppressive, but for their
+agreeable shade; in the fall and winter, we would be left exposed to the
+chilling winds, but for the shelter they afford.
+
+Likewise they produce a great variety of flowers; a varied foliage, and
+are standing ornaments that give no great trouble. In the character of
+screens they are particularly useful, whether to hide disagreeable
+objects, or as a guard against the weather; and for either of these
+purposes, they can be planted nearer to the house than large trees. Or,
+if they are planted in masses at a distance, they soon become agreeable
+objects, frequently very much improve the scenery of the place, become
+objects of utility as well as ornament, and, in such case, afford the
+highest satisfaction. When formed so as to exclude offices from the view
+of the house, or for sheltering the latter, or for connecting the house
+with the garden, orchard, or any similar purpose, shrubs are both useful
+and interesting.
+
+Where many shrubs are to be planted, the disposing of them properly is a
+matter of considerable importance to the future welfare of the whole;
+and, whether deciduous or evergreens be mixed or grouped, that is,
+indiscriminately planted together, or the evergreens planted by
+themselves, as is frequently done, a regular and natural arrangement is
+indispensable for establishing ornament.
+
+Arranging, no doubt, depends very much on fancy; still, there ought
+always to be plenty of evergreens planted, that the whole may be more
+cheerful in winter.
+
+If shrubberies were made to a great extent, the scenery would be much
+more varied and characteristic by grouping judiciously than by
+indiscriminately planting.
+
+However, in small flower gardens and shrubberies, the latter has to be
+adopted. In such places, tall growing kinds should never be introduced,
+unless merely as a screen from some disagreeable object, for they crowd
+and confuse the whole. The dwarf and more bushy sorts should be placed
+next to the walks, or edges, in order that they may conceal the naked
+stems of the others. Generally when shrubs are planted, they are small;
+therefore, to have a good effect from the beginning, they should be
+planted much thicker than they are intended to stand. When they have
+grown a few years, and interfere with each other, they can be lifted,
+and such as have died, or become sickly, replaced, and the remainder can
+be planted in some other direction. Keep them always distinct, one from
+another, in order that they may be the better shown off. But, if it is
+not desired that they should be thicker planted than it is intended to
+let them remain, the small growing kinds may be four or five feet apart;
+the larger, or taller sorts, six or eight feet, according to the
+condition of the soil.
+
+Thick masses of shrubbery, called thickets, are sometimes wanted. In
+these there should be plenty of evergreens. A mass of deciduous shrubs
+has no imposing effect during winter; and, as this is not the proper
+season for planting evergreens, (April and October being best,) small
+stakes can be placed in the destined spot. Planting in rows, or in any
+plan of a formal character, should at all times be avoided.
+
+In planting at this season, observe that the roots are not much exposed
+to the air, especially if the wind be high and sharp; but it is always
+better, if possible, to defer the business until good, mild weather.
+According to directions in November, the ground will be well prepared,
+and only requires a hole dug for the reception of the roots, which must
+be considerably larger, that the roots may not be in the least confined.
+Break the earth well at bottom, put in as much as will receive the plant
+from one to two inches (according to its size) lower than it has
+previously been in the Nursery. If any of the roots are bruised or
+broken, cut them off; then place the plant in the centre of the hole,
+breaking fine all the soil that is put in, at the same time shaking the
+stem a little, that the earth may mix with the roots when full up; press
+all the soil down with the foot, that it may, in some degree,
+consolidate about the roots, and support the plant. If it is tall, or
+top heavy, put in a good stake for a support, and place a small, bandage
+between the stake and stem of the plant, shrub, or tree, where the tie
+is to be made, to prevent the bark from suffering by friction. Observe
+always before planting, if the soil is not suitable, to supply that
+which is congenial to the nature of the intended plant.
+
+When shrubs or trees are to be carried to any distance, the roots should
+be carefully kept from air, by tying damp moss, straw, or Russia mats
+about them, as circumstances will admit; their success greatly depends
+on due attention being paid to this.
+
+
+OF HYACINTHS AND OTHER BULBOUS ROOTS.
+
+It sometimes occurs that _Hyacinths_ and other bulbous roots that were
+planted in the fall, are thrown above ground by the frost. This will
+take place if the soil is inclined to moisture, and they not being deep
+enough planted. If such is the case, cover them with wood earth, old
+decayed tan, or soil, whichever is most convenient; if not done, the sun
+and air overpower the bulbs, and, although the fibres have hold of the
+ground, the flowers will be miserably weak. _Hyacinth_ bulbs, and many
+others of Holland, are very hardy. Even exposure to our severest frosts
+would not kill them, but they would be much weakened.
+
+
+OF FRAMING, &c.
+
+Where a frame or hotbed is wanted to grow some of the finest and more
+tender annuals, it is time, about the 20th of the month, to collect and
+prepare manure for the desired hotbed. And, as that operation, in many
+instances, is very imperfectly performed, a few observations on the
+subject may be useful.
+
+Take three parts of fresh hot stable manure, with one part of fresh oak
+leaves. Have a sufficient quantity to make the intended bed or beds from
+three to four feet high. Shake and mix up both together in a compact
+conical heap, in order to encourage fermentation. If the weather is cold
+and windy, cover it with straw or leaves and boards, which is necessary
+to produce the desired effect. If fermentation soon takes place, it will
+need to be thoroughly turned over in eight or ten days. If any of it has
+become dry and musty from excessive heat, as you proceed, water the
+affected parts, pile all up neatly, and leave it protected in part as
+before. In five or six days more, it will have to be turned again,
+repeating it until the first extreme heat has been over. In neglect of
+this, the heat, after making up the bed, will be vehement for a week or
+two, frequently destroying the vegetative purity of the soil, and
+proving destructive to the seeds.
+
+Allowing the manure to come to a lively heat, having no unpleasant,
+rancid smell, proceed to mark off your intended bed, running it east and
+west as nearly as possible, measure your frame, and allow the site of
+the bed eight inches each way larger than the frame: at the corners
+place a stick or rod perpendicularly. The ground ought to be higher than
+that around it, to prevent water from getting into the bed, which, if
+low, must be filled up; or, if supposed that water may lodge there, a
+little Brushwood might be put under the manure, which would keep it from
+being inundated. The manure must be built up square and level, shaking,
+mixing, and beating it regularly with the back of the fork. When you
+have it to the desired height, (three feet will be sufficient for
+annuals,) leave the centre of the bed a little higher than the sides,
+thus allowing it more to subside. When finished, put on the frame and
+sash or sashes, keep them close until the heat arises, covering them at
+night with mats and shutters. As soon as you feel the heat increased,
+give air by tilting the sashes a few inches to let off the steam and
+stagnated air, observing to close in the afternoon, and cover at night.
+If the heat is violent, about an inch of air might be left during the
+night. In about three days, if all has been properly attended to, the
+bed will be what is termed sweet. Then put in about six inches of fine
+garden soil; if heavy, mix a little sand with it. Spread it level, and,
+when the soil is heated through, sow in small drills from one eighth to
+an inch deep, according to the size of the seeds. Some very small kinds
+do best when sown upon the surface. When sown, give gentle sprinklings
+of water until they come up, when it will be necessary to give air to
+prevent them from being weak, or damping off, which many of them will do
+if they have not air regularly admitted. When they begin to crowd, thin
+them out, to allow those that remain to grow strong. It is better at all
+times to have one strong, healthy plant, than two weak and sickly
+objects.
+
+
+
+
+=ROOMS.=
+
+_FEBRUARY_.
+
+
+At this season, the plants call for the most assiduous attention. If the
+stage has been made according to our description, in very cold nights it
+should be drawn to the centre of the room, or at least withdrawn from
+the window, observing every night to close the window tight by shutters,
+or some substitute equally as good. And, if the temperature begins to
+fall below 34°, means should be adopted to prevent it, either by putting
+a fire in the room, or opening any adjoining apartment where fire is
+constantly kept. This latter method is the best where it is practicable,
+and ought to be studied to be made so.
+
+Some, very injudiciously, in extreme frosts put into the room, where
+there is no chimney, amongst the plants, a furnace of charcoal, in order
+to heat the room. The effect is, that the foliage becomes dark brown,
+and hardened like, and many of the plants die, the rest not recovering
+until summer.
+
+Watering may be attended to according to the directions of January, only
+observing that those that begin to grow will absorb a little more than
+those that are dormant.
+
+Roses, especially the Daily, if kept in the house, will begin to show
+flower buds. Use means to kill the Green-fly that may attack them.
+
+Hyacinths and other bulbs must have regular attendance in tying up, &c.
+Take care not to tie them too tight, leaving sufficiency of space for
+the stem to expand. Give those in the glasses their necessary supplies,
+and keep them all near the light. Never keep bulbous roots while growing
+under the shade of any other plant.
+
+_Camellias_, with all their varied beauties, will, in this month, make a
+splendid show. Adhere to the directions given in the previous month, and
+so that new varieties may be obtained, (see _Green-house_, _February_,
+under the head of _Camellia_,) which directions are equally applicable
+here. When the flowers are full blown, and kept in a temperature between
+34° and 44°, they will be perfect for the space of four, five, and
+frequently six weeks, and a good selection of healthy plants will
+continue to flower from December to April.
+
+Be sure that there is air admitted at all favourable opportunities. Give
+a little every day that there is sunshine, if it is only for a few
+minutes.
+
+
+
+
+=Hot-House.=
+
+_MARCH_.
+
+
+If this department has been regularly attended to, the plants will be in
+a fresh healthy state. Where there is any sickly appearance, heat has
+been deficient, or insects of a destructive character are preying upon
+them. Too much water at the root frequently causes the foliage to become
+yellow. It will add greatly to their general improvement, to syringe the
+whole twice or three times a week, observing to do it in the morning
+about sunrise; and it is highly necessary that the water that is used
+should be of the same temperature as the house; and at all times,
+whatever water is given to the roots, the same must be observed. For
+airing, see last month, observing, as the season advances, to increase
+the quantity.
+
+Continue to fumigate when any of the Green-fly appears, (see _January_
+for directions,) and where there are any of the plants infected with the
+white scaly insect, clean them as there directed. If overlooked for a
+few months, they will be increased tenfold. Very frequently, where there
+are only a few, they are neglected until the plant is overrun with them,
+and then it may be said, it is impossible to dislodge them entirely.
+Clear off all decayed leaves from the plants. These will have made fresh
+shoots, and the decayed leaves very much disfigure the whole collection.
+We would not have repeated this observation, if it was not an essential
+point, and one which is so frequently neglected.
+
+
+OF SHIFTING PLANTS.
+
+Those _Alstr[oe]merias_ that are growing freely, and in small pots, should
+be put into pots of a larger size. This genus of plants will not flower
+except they are encouraged with frequent shifting: they are all
+beautiful.
+
+
+
+
+=Green-House.=
+
+_MARCH_.
+
+
+The plants in this compartment will begin to assume a different aspect,
+and air must be admitted every day if practicable, giving large portions
+in sunshine by the sashes regularly over all the house, opening those of
+the front a little, and likewise the doors in fine mild days. To perform
+this judiciously, give a little about eight or nine o'clock, more at
+ten, and the whole from eleven till twelve o'clock, shutting again by
+degrees.
+
+Fire heat will now be dispensed with, but in frosty nights have the
+shutters on about sundown. The sun is now powerful, and the house can be
+early shut up in the afternoon, and will gain as much natural heat as
+will keep up the required temperature, viz. 36° to 40°. Perhaps there
+may be uncommonly cold weather; at such times be attentive to ward off
+danger by applying artificial heat.
+
+
+OF WATERING.
+
+Look over the pots and tubs at least every alternate day, to see where
+water is wanted. In watering, too much caution cannot be used,
+especially during winter and the commencement of spring. It was observed
+last month what would be the effect of too much water. It may be
+remarked, that if the exterior of the pot is very damp, the soil inside
+is too wet, and in that state is uncongenial to vegetation, which now
+begins to start, and ought by all possible means to be encouraged.
+People may be frequently observed watering all plants indiscriminately,
+not taking the trouble to look into or feel the state of the soil in the
+pots or tubs, and by going over them three or four times in this manner
+will be sufficient to put the plants in such a state, that they will not
+be recruited for some months. Hence the reason of so many sickly plants.
+
+_Caméllias_, where there are collections, will continue to flower. Treat
+them according to the directions given last month.
+
+
+OF ORANGES, LEMONS, &c.
+
+Be sure they are not too wet, as too much humidity as well as aridity
+causes their foliage to have a yellow appearance, with this difference,
+that in the former case the foliage is the same to the touch as when
+green; but in the latter, it is soft and dry. We have observed trees in
+tubs and half barrels, with holes all round their sides. This is a
+ludicrous idea, having the appearance of keeping the water from reaching
+the bottom of the tub or barrel. For the best kind of tub for large
+trees, see _August_ under this head. If any of the trees have stunted,
+straggling, or irregular heads, about the end of this month, or
+beginning of next, head or cut them down to the shape desired. The old
+wood will push fresh shoots. You may cut close, or shorten less or more,
+according as you desire young shoots to arise; at the same time observe
+that you do not cut below the graft or inoculation. Trees thus headed
+down should be kept until May, and then planted in the garden, (see
+_May_,) or if that cannot be done, turn it out, and reduce the ball of
+earth by probing with a pointed stick all round the sides and bottom of
+the ball, cutting off any very matted roots. If any of the roots are
+decayed, cut them into the sound wood. By being thus reduced, it will go
+into the same pot or tub if not a less one. Having a good supply of
+fresh earth ready, put a few inches in the bottom of the pot or tub,
+place the tree therein, and fill all round, at the same time pressing it
+down with the hand or a stick. Give very little water until there are
+signs of vegetation.
+
+
+MYRTLES, OLEANDERS, &c.
+
+These, with similar exotics, may be treated as above. If any of them
+have been infected with the scaly insect, after heading down, &c. scrub
+the remaining stems with a strong decoction of tobacco, heated to about
+100°. Afterwards clean with soap and water.
+
+
+GERANIUMS.
+
+These will be growing freely. Keep them in airy situations, so that they
+may not grow too weak, and flower imperfect. To flower these plants
+strong, and of good colour, they must not be too crowded together,
+neither far from the light, and have plenty of air admitted to them,
+when the weather is favourable. Keep them free from the Green-fly by
+fumigating frequently.
+
+
+HERBACEOUS PLANTS.
+
+Plants of this character will, by the first of the month, begin to grow.
+The best time to divide and fresh pot them is when the young shoots are
+about one inch above ground. See under the head _Shifting_ in this
+month.
+
+
+OF CAPE BULBS, &c.
+
+_Cape Bulbs_, such as _Lachenàlias_, _Oxalis_, _Ixias_, _Gladìolus_,
+_Watsònias_, _Babiànas_, &c. will in many of the species be showing
+flower. Keep all of them near the glass, to prevent them from being weak
+and unsightly.
+
+_Hyacinths_, _Tulips_, _Narcissus_, &c. Those that have been kept in the
+Green-house during winter will be in great perfection. Have all the
+flower stems tied up neatly to small stakes, (which, if painted green,
+will look much better,) and keep them from the direct rays of the sun.
+In the front of the house perhaps will be the best situation. They must
+be freely watered while in flower. Where there is convenience, it will
+be essential to keep the pots in saucers containing water; it will
+strengthen both stems and flowers, and likewise preserve them longer in
+perfection. Those that are blooming should be put aside, and watered
+sparingly, until the foliage begins to decay, when the pots may be laid
+on their side to ripen the bulbs.
+
+
+REPOTTING.
+
+If you have any of the following plants that you are desirous of
+encouraging, they should be repotted this or next month at the latest.
+Large plants will not require it, if they were done in August. Pots one
+size larger than those that they are in, are sufficient. _Acacias and
+Mimòsas_ being now united into one genus, there are above two hundred
+species. About one hundred and thirty belong to the Green-house. Amongst
+such a beautiful family, both for elegance of flower and beauty of
+foliage, it will be difficult to specify the most handsome and desirable
+for this department. _A. móllis_, _A. glaucéscens_, _A. verticilàta_,
+_A. florabúnda_, _A. diffùsa_, _A. armàta_, _A. verniciflùa_, _A.
+decúrrens_, _A. armàta_--weeping variety, _A. púbescens_, _A.
+leucolòbia_, _A. decípiens_, _A. fragràns_, _A. pulchélla_, _A.
+lophántha_, _A. myrtifòlia_, &c. These will afford a great variety of
+foliage, and are very desirable, flowering principally in winter, or
+early in spring. The flowers of those belonging to the Green-house are
+of a yellow or straw colour; the most of those that are red or purple,
+with the celebrated medicinal species, belong to the Hot-house, for
+which see _May_. There are some of the species very subject to the white
+scaly insect, which must be attended to, that they may not get to any
+extent.
+
+_Agapánthus_, three species. They are all blue flowers. _A. umbellàtus_
+is very celebrated, and well known in the collections of the country.
+There is a variegated variety of it highly desirable, the foliage being
+white striped, and frequently the flower stem and the flower are as good
+as the species. They have very strong roots, and require plenty of
+freedom. Plants are always large before they flower, and when the pots,
+by frequent shifting, become inconvenient, the plant should be divested
+of all the earth, and, if too large, divide it, cutting off the
+strongest of the fibres; then they will admit of being put into smaller
+pots. If the above operation is performed in August or September, it
+will not retard their flowering, which, when well grown, is very
+handsome, the flower stem arising about three feet, and crowned with
+twenty or thirty brilliant blue blossoms, continuing to bloom
+successively.
+
+_Alonsòas_, five species, all soft wooded, small, shrubby plants, with
+scarlet flowers. _A. incisifòlia_ is known amongst us under the name of
+_Hemímeris urticifólia_, and _A. lineàris_ as _H. lineàris_. If well
+treated, they form very handsome plants, and flower freely. They will
+not bear strong fumigation; and, when the house is under that
+operation, they must be put on the floor of the Green-house, where they
+will not be so much affected. They flower from May to August.
+
+_Aùcuba japónica_ is the only species. The flowers are small and almost
+insignificant, colour purple; but the foliage is a desirable object,
+being yellow spotted, or blotched. It is tolerably hardy, and withstands
+our winters. It prefers shade, and, if the situation was such when
+planted out, it would grow more freely. The hot rays of the sun are very
+prejudicial to its growth. It is an evergreen shrub, and very desirable.
+
+_Anagyris_, three species, evergreen, pea flowered shrubs, flowers
+yellow, nothing very attractive in either of the species. A. _f[oe]tida_
+is found in many collections, and we have no doubt but it may prove, in
+this country, a hardy shrub.
+
+_Azàleas_, seven of the China species, which are those we shall
+enumerate here. The one that has been longest known in the collections
+of this country is _A. índica_, a most splendid shrub, with scarlet cup
+flowers and dark spots. _A. índica àlba_, flowers of the purest white,
+and rather larger than the former. _A. índica purpùrea pleno_, double
+purple. This variety is not so fine as any of the others. Properly it is
+not purple, or, if it may be termed so, the colour is very light; the
+flower irregular. _A. índica ph[oe]nícea_ is magnificent. The colour is
+darker, and the flower larger than _A. índica_, and a free grower. _A.
+sinénse_, flowers large, yellow. The wood is much stronger than any of
+those previously mentioned. It bears a very high character in Europe. It
+has not yet flowered in our collection, but appears as if it would in
+the ensuing season (1832). All the above ought to have a situation in
+every Green-house. They flower from March until May. There are two other
+varieties which have not come under our observation. Do not shift or
+repot them, if they are in flower, until the flowering is over. The pots
+must be well drained; and the plants require a shaded situation. If they
+are properly treated, they will be completely covered with their showy
+flowers every year.
+
+_Aòtus_, two species, both fine leguminose plants. _A. villòsa_, is a
+native of Van Dieman's Land; and _A. virgàta_, is from New Holland. The
+former is preferable. Both have yellow flowers, and are small evergreen
+shrubs.
+
+_Andersónia sprengelioídes_, is the only species, and closely allied to
+_Epácris_, flowers small, and of a pale yellow colour. Drain the pots
+well; flowers from March to August.
+
+_Arbutus_, eight exotic species, and six varieties. They are generally
+hardy in England; but we question if they stand out in the middle
+states. _A. unìdo rùbra_ has the finest crimson flowers; _A.
+serratifólia_, the largest panicles; and _A. Andráchne_, the finest
+foliage. They flower in nodding panicles; the flowers are principally
+white, tinged with green, and wax-like. They bear a pretty fruit similar
+to a strawberry; hence it is called strawberry tree, and the fruit will
+remain on the bush a long time. They are very fine evergreens, and if
+any of them become acclimated, they will be a great acquisition to our
+gardens.
+
+_Bánksias_. There are about thirty-two species, all curious in flower,
+and handsome and various in foliage; flowers in large heads and
+cone-shaped anthers, mostly green, and continue a considerable time in
+flower; produces a cone in shape of a pine, but not imbricate. The
+substance is as hard as bone, and contains many seeds. A cone of _B.
+grándis_ in our possession weighs one pound twelve ounces, and contains
+about 107 seeds. Those most admired for the foliage are _B. dentata_,
+_B. æmula_, _B. serràta_, _B. latifòlia_, _B. grándis_, which is the
+largest. _B. speciòsa_ has the longest foliage. _B. Cunninghámii_, _B.
+spinulòsa_, _B. palludòsa_, and _B. rèpens_, these will afford a good
+variety. _B. verticillàta_ is entirely different in appearance from the
+others.
+
+They should be well drained, and placed in an airy part of the
+Green-house. Great care should be taken that they do not get too dry,
+for they seldom recover if allowed to flag for want of water. This genus
+is named in honour of Sir Joseph Banks, a distinguished promoter of the
+study of natural history.
+
+_Bignònias._ Those of this genus belonging to the Green-house have been
+divided to _Tecòma_, and there are only three for this department. _T.
+austràlis_ known as _B. Pandòræ_; _T. grandiflòra_, known as _B.
+grandiflòra_, and has large and magnificent clusters of orange-coloured
+flowers, flowering from May to October.
+
+_Tecòma capénsis_ is a very pretty climbing shrub, a free grower, and
+flowers abundantly; flowers in dense panicles, colour orange and red,
+continues for several weeks in succession from April to August, greatly
+esteemed in Europe where it is known; being now in a few of our
+collections, will soon be generally admired.
+
+_Blètia hyacinthìna_ is the only species belonging to the Green-house,
+once known as _Cymbídium hyacinthìnum_. It is herbaceous, and when it
+begins to grow divide the root, putting the best into five inch pots.
+The spike of flowers are hyacinth-like, and of a beautiful purple,
+flowering from April to July.
+
+_Borònia_ is a beautiful genus of New Holland plants, contains about
+nine species; most of them have been universally admired; the flowers
+are star-like, and rose-coloured, and some of them sweet-scented. _B.
+pinnàta_ grows and flowers freely. _B. serrulàta_, foliage serrated and
+very crowded, bearing the flowers on the extremity of the shoot. _B.
+alàta_ has a fine appearance, and grows handsomely. The foliage is
+winged and pinnate, of a hardy nature, and easy culture, flowers freely.
+They are in flower about April and May, and continue a considerable
+time; are subject to mildew if not frequently syringed; drain the pots
+well.
+
+_Bouvárdias_, two species. _B. triphylla_ is well known amongst us, has
+brilliant scarlet flowers, and when well grown, will flower beautifully
+from May till September. To keep the plants, they should be frequently
+renewed; otherwise they are liable to grow straggling, and become
+subject to the small white scaly insect. _B. Jacquìnæ_ we suspect has
+got confounded with the former, being very little different, except the
+foliage, which is more pointed. They flower from the young wood, and
+often throw their foliage in winter.
+
+_Brachysèmas_, two species, both evergreen climbers. _B. latifòlium_ has
+the best foliage, and large purple leguminose flowers. _B. undulàtum_,
+flowers yellow, and more plentiful than the former, continuing in long
+successions. The pots require to be well drained; very few plants of
+either in the country.
+
+_Burchéllias_, two species. _B. capénsis_ is a beautiful dwarf evergreen
+shrub, with tubular scarlet flowers in large terminate clusters; when
+well treated, grows and flowers freely, and highly deserving of
+attention. _B. parviflòra_ differs from the above in the flowers being
+smaller and paler, and the foliage more pointed.
+
+_Beaufórtias_, only two species. _B. decussàta_ is splendid; the flowers
+come out of the wood with stamens in fine parcels, colour bright
+scarlet, foliage decussate, oval, and many-nerved, bloom persistent, and
+much esteemed. _B. spársa_, in flower similar to the other, colour light
+pink, foliage scattered, both easy of culture, and flower abundantly.
+
+_Brùnias_, about ten species, have heath-like foliage, very fine,
+generally, on close observation, found to be three cornered. The flowers
+are white and globular, the plants when young are very handsome; the
+finest are _B. nodiflòra_, _B. lanuginósa_, _B. comòsa_, _B.
+abrotanoídes_, and _B. formòsa_. They require an airy situation, and in
+summer to be protected from the powerful rays of the sun. Drain the pots
+well.
+
+_Bósea yervamóra_, Golden rod tree, leaves large, alternate, ovate,
+acute, with purple veins and nerves, flowers brown, in axillary dense
+panicles, grows strong and freely.
+
+_Bæckias_, above twelve species, of heath-like appearance, and except
+for variety, are not otherwise desirable. _B. camphoràta_ is
+camphor-scented; _B. pulchélla_ is very neat; and _B. virgàta_ flowers
+freely. Pots should be well drained. The flowers of all the genus are
+white.
+
+_Billardiéras_, about five species, are desirable as climbers, being of
+rapid growth, and abundant in flower. _B. longiflòra_, fruits freely,
+and has fine blue berries which look handsome. _B. mutábilis_ is
+changeable from purple to scarlet. The fruit of _B. scàndens_ is covered
+with down, flowers straw coloured. _B. fusifórmis_ differs in colour
+from the others, the flowers being blue. They require to be well
+drained.
+
+_Calceolàrias_, about fourteen species, besides many hybrid varieties.
+_C. angustifòlia_, and _C. integrifòlia_ are the best of the shrubby
+species. _C. plantagínea_, _C. corymbósa_, _C. purpùrea_, and _C.
+hopiána_, and of the hybrid varieties, _C. micàns_ and _C. hybrìda_ are
+very fine; but we understand they are numerous, and some of them very
+splendid.
+
+To grow any of these properly, they should be divided a few weeks after
+they begin to grow; put them in small pots at first, and enlarge them
+gradually. Where there is a hot-house, after dividing them, it will
+greatly promote their growth to keep them in it a few weeks near the
+glass, until the weather gets mild, when they may be removed to the
+Green-house. The flowers are principally yellow. _C. Fothergíllii_,
+_purpùrea_, and _archnoidea_ are purple; the hybrids are spotted with
+red and brown, and some of them streaked many colours. They continue a
+long time in flower.
+
+_Calothámnus_, four species. This genus is named in allusion to the
+splendid appearance of the branches, covered with scarlet flowers of
+curious construction, which come out of the old wood. All the species
+are of easy culture, and very like dwarf pines. _C. quadríffida_ has the
+largest flowers; _C. claváta_ the most abundant. They are all
+evergreens, and flower from April to November.
+
+_Caméllias._ There are about nine species, celebrated over the known
+world as furnishing the domestic drug called tea, in universal use,
+besides many flowering trees and shrubs as universally admired. Oil may
+be expressed from the seeds of all the species, and used as that of hemp
+and poppy in cookery. _C. víridis_ and _C. bohèa_ are said to be the
+species which supply the tea. Some have asserted that there is only one
+shrub used, but by examination it may be easily perceived that there are
+leaves of various shape and texture, some of them similar to _C.
+sasanqua_. Dr. Abel gives an explicit detail of the growing and
+manufacturing process of tea, from which, in compliment to our fair
+patrons, we give a few extracts:
+
+"The tea districts of China extend from the twenty-seventh to the
+thirty-first degree of north latitude. It seems to succeed best on the
+sides of mountains. The soils from which I collected the best specimens
+consisted chiefly of sand-stone, schistus, or granite. The plants are
+raised from seeds sown where they are to remain. Three or more are
+dropped into a hole four or five inches deep; these come up without
+further trouble, and require little culture, except that of removing
+weeds, till the plants are three years old. The more careful stir the
+soil, and some manure it, but the latter practice is seldom adopted. The
+third year the leaves are gathered, at three successive gatherings, in
+February, April and June, and so on until the bushes become stunted or
+slow in their growth, which generally happens in from six to ten years.
+They are then cut in to encourage the production of fresh roots.
+
+"The gathering of the leaves is performed with care and selection. The
+leaves are plucked off one by one: at the first gathering only the
+unexpanded and tender are taken; at the second those that are full
+grown; and at the third the coarsest. The first forms what is called in
+Europe imperial tea; but as to the other names by which tea is known,
+the Chinese know nothing; and the compounds and names are supposed to be
+made and given by the merchants at Canton, who, from the great number of
+varieties brought to them, have an ample opportunity of doing so.
+Formerly it was thought that green tea was gathered exclusively from _C.
+víridis_; but that is now doubtful, though it is certain that there is
+what is called the green tea district and black tea district; and the
+varieties grown in the one district differ from those of the other. I
+was told by competent persons that either of the two plants will afford
+the black or green tea of the shops, but that the broad thin-leaved
+plant (_C. víridis_) is preferred for making the green tea.
+
+"The tea leaves being gathered, are cured in houses which contain from
+five to twenty small furnaces, about three feet high each, having at top
+a large flat iron pan. There is also a long low table covered with
+mats, on which the leaves are laid, and rolled by workmen, who sit round
+it: the iron pan being heated to a certain degree by a little fire made
+in the furnace underneath, a few pounds of the fresh-gathered leaves are
+put upon the pan; the fresh and juicy leaves crack when they touch the
+pan, and it is the business of the operator to shift them as quickly as
+possible, with his bare hands, till they cannot be easily endured. At
+this instant he takes off the leaves with a kind of shovel resembling a
+fan, and pours them on the mats before the rollers, who, taking small
+quantities at a time, roll them in the palm of their hands in one
+direction, while others are fanning them, that they may cool the more
+speedily, and retain their curl the longer. This process is repeated two
+or three times, or oftener, before the tea is put into the stores, in
+order that all the moisture of the leaves may be thoroughly dissipated,
+and their curl more completely preserved. On every repetition the pan is
+less heated, and the operation performed more closely and cautiously.
+The tea is then separated into the different kinds, and deposited in the
+store for domestic use or exportation.
+
+"The different sorts of black and green arise, not merely from soil,
+situation, or the age of the leaf; but after winnowing the tea, the
+leaves are taken up in succession as they fall; those nearest the
+machine being the heaviest, are the gunpowder tea; the light dust the
+worst, being chiefly used by the lower classes. That which is brought
+down to Canton, then undergoes a second roasting, winnowing, packing,
+&c. and many hundred women are employed for these purposes." Kæmpfer
+asserts that a species of _Caméllia_ as well as _Olea fràgrans_ is used
+to give it a high flavour.
+
+_C. oleíferia_ is cultivated principally in China for the oil which is
+expressed from its seeds, which is much used in the domestic cookery of
+the country; flower single white.
+
+_C. Sesánqua_, Lady Banks's. The foliage of this species is very small,
+and paler, and the green not so fine, as any of the others. It seeds
+freely, and is often used as the female parent in producing new
+varieties; flowers small white and single, with many anthers. There are
+a Semi-double, and Double variety of it of the same colour.
+
+_C. maliflòra_ is figured in the Botanical Register, under the name of
+_C. Sesánqua rósea_. The foliage is about the same shape as _C.
+Sesánqua_, but the appearance and habit of the plant are completely
+different, growing very freely and quite erect; flowers very abundant. A
+large plant of it will continue in bloom for the space of three months.
+The flowers are of about six weeks' duration, colour and shape of _Rose
+de meaux_; has been highly esteemed. One plant of it has been sold for
+one hundred and eighty dollars.
+
+_C. Kíssii_. We believe it is single white, has not come under our
+observation, the only species that is a native of Nepaul.
+
+_C. reticuláta_ was brought from China by Capt. Rawes. The foliage is
+very characteristic, being rougher than any of the other flowers, about
+five inches in diameter, brilliant scarlet, and semi-double. It was
+introduced into Europe in 1822, and is still very scarce. Twenty-five
+dollars are paid for a small twig of it. From present appearance, it
+will never be so plenty as many of the others, being tardy of
+propagation; only a few eyes on the extremity of each shoot make young
+wood, and if these are cut off, the plant does not seem to push afresh.
+
+C. _japónica_, the original of many splendid varieties, probably to the
+amount of one hundred. The true one is in very few collections; it is
+single striped.
+
+C. _japónica rùbra_ is the single red of our collections, and used as
+stocks to enarch, graft, or inoculate the other varieties upon, being
+easily struck by cuttings. It seeds very freely, when the stile is
+impregnated, and the seedlings make the strongest and best stocks.
+
+C. _japónica álba_, single white. It is mentioned in some of our
+catalogues, as being very sweet-scented, though not very perceptible to
+us. The foliage and wood are very strong, being a free seeding variety,
+consequently particularly desirable, as a stock to grow new varieties
+from. Its flowers are large and abundant.
+
+C. _semidúplex._ This is a flower with two rows of petals. Some good
+varieties might be got from it, if properly impregnated.
+
+C. _rùbro-plèno_ is a strong growing and free-flowering variety. The
+flowers are large, double red, petals irregular, with the anthers in
+bunches amongst them; flowers are of long duration and showy.
+
+C. _cárnea_, frequently known as Middlemist's blush. Colour pink, one
+of the original varieties, and frequently produces seeds; grows freely.
+
+C. _myrtifólia_, known in some collections as _involúta_. There are two
+varieties of it, major and minor; the former is certainly the best, and
+has a very handsome, large, and regular red flower; the centre
+frequently is pink and purple; it is much the shape of _Double white_,
+only the petals are more cupped. The flower is of considerable duration.
+It is not properly named. The foliage, though the smallest of the
+variety, is much larger than that of any of our common myrtles, which
+might make many mistake its character; and another prominent feature is,
+the leaves are much recurved and shining.
+
+C. _hexanguláris_. The flower is six angled, very compact, and dark red.
+It is an esteemed variety, and there has unfortunately been another
+inferior, substituted for it, in some of our collections. The foliage is
+similar in shape to _anemoniflòra_, with the nerves more sunk; the
+flowers are of an ordinary size.
+
+C. _atro-rùbens_, Loddiges' red, is a very fine variety; colour dark red
+outside, petals large inside, small and irregular, forming a very
+distinct character; foliage stiff; grows freely and flowers well; and of
+long duration. We have seen a flower stand fresh on the plant two
+months; however, that cannot be a rule, as it depends on the situation.
+
+C. _anemoniflòra_, or _Waratah_ (from the central petals, having the
+appearance of the Waratah plant, _Telopìa speciosissima_.) This variety
+is very characteristic, both in flower and foliage. The flower is dark
+crimson, with five or six regular large outside petals; those of the
+centre are very small, and neatly plaited, with the stile (female organ)
+prominent; the foliage is large and oblong, nerves very smooth, and the
+wood strong, bark light. Had this kind not been found, we would have
+been deprived of many most splendid varieties, which have originated
+from it, and we have no doubt they may become as diversified as the
+roses of the garden. This variety in a collection for that alone is
+invaluable. It seeds freely, and the pollen of any of the others applied
+to the style of this, will produce a new variety, which seldom fails of
+being double, provided the pollen is from a double variety. It must be
+applied the first day that the flower is expanded, for the flower is
+only of a few days' duration. Those that are not acquainted with the
+buds of this _Caméllia_, will take them to be dead, because, before
+expansion, they are very dark brown.
+
+_C. dianthiflòra_, or Knight's _carnation Waratah_, is, when well grown,
+a very beautiful flower; shape and size same as _anemoniflòra_ (and a
+seedling from it by Mr. Knight, King's Road, Chelsea, London,) seemingly
+the stamens are crowned with small petals, red and white striped,
+appearing like a fine large carnation. The style appears fertile, and
+there is no doubt but some splendid varieties may be obtained from it.
+
+_C. blánda_, or blush Waratah, flower in shape similar to
+_anemoniflòra_, rather larger, and of considerable duration.
+
+_C. pompónia_, or Kew blush, flowers very large, white, with a tinge of
+blush at the bottom of the petals, which has a good effect in setting
+off the flower. They frequently bloom all blush, which appears rather
+curious on the same plant; shape one or two rows of guard or outside
+petals; those of the inside are short, stubby, and generally irregular,
+continues long in flower, yellow anthers among the short petals, and
+seeds when the female organ is perfect; foliage narrower than any of the
+others, a very fast grower, and flowers freely.
+
+_C. pæòniflora_. The foliage, shape, and size of the flower of this, is
+similar to the last mentioned, colour a rich pink; we have never seen
+any of them vary from this; and have seen it seed very double.
+
+_C. Walbánkii_, has a very large white irregular flower, by some called
+poppy-flowered. It is not so pure as the common double white; the
+anthers show amongst the petals, and the buds before expansion are very
+round, inclining to flatness; the foliage long and shining. The flowers
+are of considerable duration. We question with lutea-alba.
+
+_C. alba-plèna_, common double white, is admired by the most casual
+observer, and is generally considered a very superior flower, from the
+purity of its whiteness, and the abundance of its large flowers, which
+are thickly and regularly set with round petals. The foliage is large,
+and the plant grows freely; we have seen one shoot grow two feet in one
+summer. It was imported into Europe from China, amongst the first of the
+varieties, about eighty years ago.
+
+_C. flavéscens_, Lady Hume's blush, and by some called _buff_. It is a
+very double flower, and frequently hexangular; the bottom of the petals
+are most delicately tinged with blush; on looking into it, it shows
+more like a blush vapour than nature, and is a great favourite, and
+deservedly so, with the ladies: flowers and grows freely, foliage
+rhomboid, elongate, nerves very visible, surface smooth and pale green,
+distantly serrate.
+
+_C. fimbriàta._ The size, shape, and set of the flower same as
+_alba-plena_, and the white as pure, with the edges of the petals deeply
+serrated, or rather fringed; is equally as free in flowering and
+growing. It is universally admired, and in great demand. Its character
+is unique, foliage very like _alba-plèno_. [See Frontispiece.]
+
+_C. imbricàta_, said to be a very double red, with imbricated petals,
+and very handsome. We have not seen it in flower.
+
+_C. variagàta_, is one of the old standard varieties, and very much
+esteemed. It is striped with red and white; sometimes the ground is red,
+with white streaks or blotches, and _vice versa_. The flower when well
+grown is large, and very abundant; foliage very fine dark green, similar
+to single white. We have had seed from it. The petals are regular, with
+the anthers showing amongst them; the flower double, though not so much
+so as many of the others.
+
+_C. crassinérvis._ We have not the smallest doubt but this is the same
+as _hexangularis_, and in confirmation of our opinion, we have lately
+had the best authority in Europe to that effect.
+
+_C. conchiflòra_, shell flowered, double, a very handsome shape, petals
+round, stiff set, and in the centre quite erect, red with occasional
+splashes of white.
+
+_C. rubricáulis_, Lady Campbell's, very double, colour very rich dark
+red, with stripes of pure white, beautifully contrasted. The richness of
+this flower is very striking, and much esteemed; flowers freely.
+
+_C. longifòlia_ is a single red, the foliage is large, and longer than
+the generality of them.
+
+_C. chandlrerii_, or versicolor, colour vivid scarlet with occasional
+splashes of pure white; the flowers vary, and are of long duration, from
+six to eight weeks; foliage large and dark glossy green.
+
+_C. aitònia_. This variety is a beautiful specimen of a single flower
+affording a developement of the organ of fructification; the petals are
+delicately penciled, and the anthers very bold, colour pink, and the
+flower very large; grows freely, and, in our opinion, is surpassed by
+none of the single sorts, for raising fine new varieties, if impregnated
+with the pollen from double flowers.
+
+_C. althæiflòra_, hollyhock-flowered, is a great beauty, with large
+double dark red flowers, the veins are very prominent, petals frequently
+irregular; foliage large, and approaches to the foliage of single red;
+and is much esteemed.
+
+_C. corallìna_, coral-flowered, a very deep scarlet double flower, and
+bears a high character.
+
+_C. insígnis_, a most splendid double flower, large dull red colour; a
+very free grower, and highly estimated.
+
+_C. anemoneflòra álba_. Those that have seen the common _anemoneflòra_
+will be disappointed in the appearance of this, not being pure white,
+neither properly anemone-flowered, though a very good flower, and very
+distinct from any other; the petals are irregular, anthers abundant,
+shape resembling _pompone_; flower not so large.
+
+_C. heterophylla_. The foliage of this varies very much, a character
+that none of the others possess; flower double red; and merits a place
+in collections.
+
+_C. Woódsii_, flower fine double, rose colour; and much has been said in
+its favour.
+
+_C. bícolor_, a single flower, with a rose ground and white streaks,
+very pretty, but not so large as many of the single ones.
+
+_C. speciosa_ is a most splendid variety, has been called _China striped
+Waratah_. The guard petals are large, round, and bold; colour red with
+stripes of white; the centre is full of small petals, (like
+_anemoneflòra_,) and spotted; the foliage large and more heart-shaped
+than any of the others; grows freely, flower persistent, highly
+esteemed, and considered one of the finest of the coloured _Caméllias_.
+
+_C. fúlgens_, flower large, and very bright double red, approaching to
+_C. atro-rubens_, but more brilliant; foliage a lucid green, very
+smooth, young wood and wood buds have a red appearance. We have no doubt
+but it will seed; if so, it will be a first rate breeder.
+
+_C. grandiflóra_, a very large single rich red flower, foliage very
+large; a most splendid single variety, and grows freely. It is
+recommended to all who wish to improve their collections by raising new
+varieties.
+
+_C. rósa sinénsis_, a very large double flower, colour bright pink,
+petals long and full, a very distinct variety, with a beautiful dark
+green shining foliage, grows and flowers freely, and is highly esteemed.
+
+C. _intermédia_, a very large flower, shape of _C. pompònia_, outside
+petals streaked to the extremity with a rich blush, ground colour pure
+white, and is in high estimation; grows and flowers freely. It is in
+very few collections in Europe, and only in three in the United States.
+
+C. _rose Waratáh_. The description of this flower is the same as
+_anemoneflòra_, but differs in colour, and being of longer duration, the
+foliage is uncommonly large.
+
+C. _Pressíi's invincible_. It has been asserted that it is the same as
+that known by _C. punctata_ and _C. Pressíi_. We have not seen it
+flower, but have seen a drawing of it, the flower equally as large as
+_double white_, and same shape, with the petals as regular; the ground
+colour brilliant red, and spotted with pure white. It is one of the
+newest varieties, and much valued for its unique beauty; hence called
+_Invincible_; foliage large.
+
+C. _Rose Mundií_, is like the garden rose of that name; a large flower,
+ground colour pink streaked with white.
+
+C. _compàcta_ is a new double white, petals and flower not so large as
+the common, but more compact, and is considered a very fine variety.
+
+C. _gloriòsa_, is said to be a fine dark double red.
+
+C. _Róssii_, is said to be a fine rich double scarlet.
+
+_Callicòma serratifòlia_, the only species and remarkable for tufted
+yellow heads of flowers, which come out at the axils, and continue from
+May to July. The foliage is ovate lanceolate, deeply serrated, and
+opposite.
+
+_Carmichælia austràlis_, the only species, has very curious foliage,
+which the lilac leguminose flowers come out off, and continue from April
+to June.
+
+_Cunònia capénsis_, the only species, and a handsome shrub, with large
+pinnated shining leaves, beautifully contrasted by numerous dense
+elongated branches of small white flowers, and twigs of a red colour,
+having the habit of a tropical more than a Cape of Good Hope plant.
+
+_Cléthra arbórea_, and _C. arbórea variagàta_, are both fine shrubs; the
+latter is preferable; leaves are oblong, accuminate, and serrated with a
+gold edge; flowers white, downy, in large branching racemose spikes, and
+sweet-scented; grows freely.
+
+_Cotoneásters_. Two of this genus are deserving a situation in the
+Green-house, _C. denticulàta_, and _C. microphylla_; the last is a
+native of the mountainous districts of Nepaul, and may prove hardy; the
+flowers are white, small, and solitary, but in the fall it is covered
+with pretty red berries, and then looks beautiful; culture very easy;
+will grow in any situation.
+
+_Cròwea solígna_, is amongst one of the finest and easiest cultivated
+plants of New South Wales. It flowers at the axils of the leaves, colour
+pink, with five petals, connected by entangled hairs; in flower from
+April to December, and frequently through the winter; foliage
+lanceolate, and a fine green. The plant grows neat, and requires an airy
+situation; drain the pots well.
+
+_Chorizèmas_, about six species, foliage very like some varieties of the
+_Holly_; flowers small and papilionaceous; colour red and yellow;
+though small, they are very neat. C. _nàna_ and C. _ilicifòlia_ are
+amongst the best; if grown from seed, they will flower freely the second
+year; drain the pots well.
+
+_Cineràrias_, Cape aster, about twelve belong to the Green-house. They
+are herbaceous, or half shrubby, soft wooded plants. C. _speciòsa_, C.
+_amelloídes_, (now called _Agathæa cæléstus_,) C. _purpùrea_, and C.
+_lanàta_, are among the finest; flowers blue or yellow; the latter is
+considered the handsomest of the genus. The exterior petals are bright
+purple, and the interior ones white, and with _A. cæléstus_, flowers
+most of the year; flowers syngenesious and star-like. The herbaceous
+species must be treated as previously mentioned for that kind of plants.
+
+_Cístus_, or Rock rose. There are above thirty species, principally
+natives of Europe, consequently hardy there, and form a great ornament
+to their gardens, being very abundant and various in flower; but with us
+they will not stand the rigour of winter. We have no doubt, however,
+but, through time, some kinds may be grown that will withstand the
+greatest cold of the middle states; they are low shrubby plants of easy
+cultivation. C. _ladaníferus_, C. _monspeliénsis_, C. _sálignus_, C.
+_popolifòlius_, and C. _undulàtus_, are perhaps the best; the flowers
+are of short duration, frequently only for one day; but the quantity
+makes up this deficiency, being constantly in flower in May and June,
+and sometimes flower again in autumn. C. _crèticus_ is most productive
+of the Gum laudanum, which is secreted about its leaves and branches.
+The flowers are generally five-petaled, and some of them large; centre
+full of stamens; the foundation of the natural order _Cistinea_.
+
+_Clématis_, Virgin's Bower. There are only six of these belonging to
+this, all climbing plants. C. _aristàta_ and C. _brachiàta_ are the
+best; flowers in racemose clusters, pure white; foliage small; and
+natives of the Cape of Good Hope. The foliage of C. _aristàta_ is
+cordate and blotched.
+
+_Cobæa scándens_, the only species. It is a climber of very rapid
+growth, has been known to grow above two hundred feet in one summer;
+large bell-shaped flowers; when they are newly expanded, they are of a
+pale green colour, and change to dark purple; will grow in the garden
+during summer, bearing a continual profusion of flowers, but will not
+stand frost. When this plant becomes too large in the house, do not cut
+it close to the root, except there is a young shoot arising to carry off
+the superabundant sap, for the old wood will not push, which will soon
+cause a mortification.
+
+The best method to adopt in such case is to turn back a shoot, and lay
+it in the ground to root, when it will become a young plant; which
+should always be done as soon as it appears unsightly. It does best to
+be planted in the ground, but will not give any satisfaction as to
+flowering in a pot. It will flower as an annual if sown in pots this
+month, and placed in a warm room or hot-bed, and planted into the garden
+about the end of May.
+
+_Coroníllas_, a very few are fine species in the Green-house. C.
+_glaúca_ is a celebrated plant amongst us, as a free and early
+flowering shrub. C. _valentíana_ and C. _viminális_ are equally so,
+flower from April to June, colour yellow; papilionaceous flowers in
+clusters; agree best with shade. In summer they ought to be kept behind
+a fence, or under a tree, as the sun would destroy them in a few weeks.
+Drain the pots well.
+
+_Corréas_, five species, all very pretty dwarf shrubs, and flower
+profusely; foliage ovate, cordate, and either rusty or downy beneath. C.
+_álba_ and C. _rúfa_ have both white flowers a little tubular. C.
+_pulchélla_ is a very handsome erect growing plant, flowers large and
+tubular, of a deep pink colour, and grows freely: it is thought the
+finest of the genus. C. _speciòsa_ has been long admired as a splendid
+free flowering plant; flowers same shape as C. _pulchélla_, but not so
+large; colour red and yellowish green. C. _virèns_ is a very free
+grower, flowers same shape as the two last, colour entirely green. These
+three last mentioned are abundant flowerers, having a continued
+succession from November to June, possessing the valuable requisite of
+flowering through the winter, and ought to be in every collection. They
+require an airy situation, and the pots to be well drained. The plants
+in summer must not be fully exposed to the sun.
+
+_Cratàgus._ There are none of these belonging to the Green-house; but
+there is a plant in the collections, known as C. _glabra_, which is
+_Photínia serrulàta_, a native of China, and is a very handsome plant,
+has long foliage, deeply serrated, very shining. _P. arbutifòlia_, a
+native of California, and is the finest of the genus; flowers in large
+dense panicles, foliage larger than the former, and not so deeply
+serrated; they are both comparatively hardy, and we soon expect to see
+them acclimated.
+
+_Cupréssus_ may be desired in collections, as erect and handsome growing
+evergreen shrubs. C. _lusitánica_, the famed cedar of Goa; C. _péndula_
+and C. _juniperoídes_ are the most desirable; flowers are insignificant,
+and yellowish; we have no doubt they may prove hardy. C. _lusitánica_ is
+the handsomest tree of the genus. Its abundant, very long dichotomous
+branchlets, distinguish it from all the evergreens of the conoferious
+tribe.
+
+_Calámpelis scábra_, once _Eccremocárpus scáber_, is a very fine
+climber, where there is a convenience to plant it in the ground. It will
+flower profusely from March to November; foliage pinnate, with tendrils;
+flowers from the axils on young shoots in a kind of racemose, and of a
+golden colour; grows freely.
+
+_Celástris_, staff-tree, about twenty-five species; of no particular
+beauty. Some of them have numerous small white flowers, in cymes and
+panicles; foliage generally ovate, acute, and serrated. C. _pyracántha_,
+C. _cymósa_, C. _multiflòrus_, and C. _lúcidus_, are the most
+conspicuous, and all the genera are of easy culture.
+
+_Coòkia púnctata_, Wampee-tree of China, named in honour of the
+celebrated Capt. Cook. The fruit is much esteemed in China, where it
+grows to about the size of a walnut, in bunches; leaves pinnate, ovate,
+lanceolate, accuminate; when rubbed, have a strong odour; flower small
+white in racemose spikes, of slow growth.
+
+C. _allistàchys_. There are two of them very handsome large growing
+shrubs. C. _lanceolàta_ and C. _ovàta_, foliage silky-like, and light
+coloured; flowers yellow, papilionaceous, and very abundant.
+
+_Davièsias_, above ten species, principally natives of New South Wales,
+all yellow papilionaceous flowers. _D. ulicìna_, _D. latifòlia_, _D.
+aciculàris_, and _D. inricssàta_, are very fine species, flower and grow
+freely, and require to be well drained; bloom from April to August.
+
+_Diósmas_. This genus is now very much divided, and only contains about
+thirteen species: the generas that they have been given to, are
+_Adenándra_, _Barosma_, _Acmadènia_, and _Agathósma_. We will enumerate
+a few of the finest species of each. _D. capitála_, _D. oppositifólia_,
+_D. longifòlia_, _D. rùbra_, and _D. teretifòlia_, are the most
+conspicuous, all small white flowers except _D. rùbra_; foliage small,
+and all handsome growing evergreens.
+
+_Adenándras_, eight species. This genus is the most select of those that
+have been subdivided. _A. speciòsa_, _A. umbellàta_, _A. álba_, _A.
+fragràns_, and _A. uniflòra_, are all splendid flowers: and all white
+except _A. fragràns_, which is red. Pots must be well drained.
+
+_Barósmas_, above ten species. _B. serratifòlia_, _B. pulchèlla_,
+purple, _B. f[oe]tidíssima_, blush, _B. odoràta_, white, and _B.
+dioíca_, pink, are the finest.
+
+_Acmadènias_, five species. _A. lavigàta_, _A. púngens_, and _A.
+tetragònia_, blush, are good species.
+
+_Agathósmas_, above twenty-five species, many of them very celebrated
+free flowering shrubby plants. _A. accuminàta_, _A. hybrida_, _A.
+Thunbergiàna_, _A. imbricàta_, _A. prolífera_, _A. pátula_, and _A.
+pulchélla_, which is the finest of the genus, the dried leaves of which
+the Hottentots use as powder to mix with the grease with which they
+anoint their bodies. Some travellers assert that it gives them so rank
+an odour, that they sometimes could not bear the smell of those who were
+their guides. In fact the foliage of all the five last mentioned
+generas, if rubbed by the hand while on the plant, has a very strong
+smell, some of them very agreeable, others disagreeable. They are all
+heath-like and evergreen small neat growing shrubs. They require while
+growing luxuriantly to have their young shoots topped to make them
+bushy; drain all the pots well, and keep them in airy situations, and
+not crowded with other plants, or they will become slender and
+unsightly.
+
+_Dryándras._ This genus is closely allied in character and habits to
+_Bánksia_, and contains above sixteen species. D. _nívea_, has a most
+beautiful foliage, very long and deeply indented. D._formòsa_, has a
+scent like the fruit of an Apricot. D. _nervòsa_, D. _floribúnda_, D.
+_armàta_, D. _plumòsa_, D. _Baxtèri_, D. _nervòsa_, and D. _falcàta_,
+are the most conspicuous, and all highly desirable plants in
+collections. They are very delicate of importation; flowers are straw
+and orange coloured and thistlelike. Seeds in small cones. Treat them
+the same as directed for _Bánksias_.
+
+_Dillwynias_, above twelve species, and plants very little known. D.
+_floribúnda_, D. _teretifòlia_, and D. _phylicoides_, are desirable
+plants; flowers small, papilionaceous, and colour yellow. They are very
+liable to suffer from too much wet; while dormant, therefore, the pots
+must be effectually drained.
+
+_Dampièras_, four species. The genus is named in honour of Captain W.
+Dampier, a famous voyager, has Lobelia-like flowers, either blue or
+purple. C. _purpùrea_, C. _undulàta_, and C. _strícta_, are the finest;
+the two former are shrubby; the latter is herbaceous; they all flower
+freely.
+
+_Edwárdsias_, about four species, very beautiful foliaged plants and
+have very curious yellow flowers, but do not flower until the plant
+becomes large. _E. grandiflòra_, _E. chrysòphylla_, and _E.
+meirophylla_, are the best, and are tolerably hardy, though doubtful of
+ever being acclimated. The flowers are leguminose, foliage ovate,
+pinnate, from eight to forty on one footstalk, and appears to be covered
+with gold dust. The hardier they are grown, the more visible it will
+appear.
+
+_Elichrysums_. This genus is now extinct, and two splendid species of it
+given to others. _E. proliferum_ is now _Phænàcoma prolífera_, and has
+beautiful purple everlasting rayed flowers, and highly esteemed: the
+foliage round, ovate, smooth, and closely imbricated. _E. spectábile_ is
+now _Aphélexis hùmilis_, has pine-like foliage, and large light purple
+flowers and everlasting; care must be taken that they are not over
+watered; drain the pots well.
+
+_Enkiánthus_, only two species, both very fine. _E. quinqueflòrus_ has
+large ovate accuminate foliage, flowers pink, and pendulous; very
+handsome. _E. reticulátus_, the foliage is netted, and the flowers
+blush; they are liable when dormant to suffer from wet. Be sure to drain
+the pots well, and sparing in water while in that state.
+
+_Epácris_, above twelve species, and all very ornamental. _E.
+grandiflòra_ has been celebrated ever since it was known; the foliage is
+small, flat, and accuminate; flowers tubular and pendulous, bright
+crimson, with a tinge of white, and very abundant, in flower from
+January to June. _E. pulchélla_ is likewise a most beautiful plant;
+foliage very small and closely set, flowers pure white, and in long
+spikes, sweet-scented. _E. impréssa_, foliage impressed, and flowers
+rose-coloured. _E. paludòsa_, flowers white, and grows very handsomely.
+_E. purpuráscens rùbra_ is a good variety, with bright red flowers. They
+are mostly erect growing plants; flower from March till June, and a
+rough, turfy, sandy soil is found most congenial. They are natives of
+the mountainous districts of New South Wales. The pots must be well
+drained; the roots will run with avidity amongst the potshreds.
+
+_Erìcas_, heath. There are in cultivation in Europe above five hundred
+and fifty species and varieties of this magnificent genus. About sixty,
+years ago it consisted only of a few humble British plants, with the
+heath of Spain, _E. Mediterrànea_, which is at present most common in
+our collections, though in a few years we may expect to see it
+supplanted by others more splendid.
+
+In their native countries, they are adapted to a great many useful
+purposes. In the north of Britain, the poorer inhabitants cover their
+cabins or huts with heath, and build the walls with alternate layers of
+it and a kind of cement made with straw and clay. They likewise brew
+ale, and distil a hot spirit from the tender shoots; and it has been
+known to be used in dyeing, tanning, and many other useful domestic
+purposes. Encomium on their beauty is not requisite; they are almost as
+diversified in colour as colour itself. Many are graceful, and most
+elegant; hundreds are pretty; a few noble and splendid; others
+grotesque, curious, and odoriferous. To cultivate and propagate them is
+one of the most delicate branches of horticulture. Nevertheless, it has
+been said by a scientific writer, that "those who complain of the
+difficulty of growing the heath are ignorant people who have never had a
+heath to grow." The most splendid collection in Europe is under the care
+of Mr. M'Nab, of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, where there are
+two large houses devoted to their culture; and through the whole year a
+continued profusion of bloom is kept up. Some of the plants are six feet
+in diameter, and twelve feet high. The soil used is a coarse sandy peat.
+Pots drained with potshreds, and pieces of freestone, are put down the
+sides of the large pots and tubs: where these can be had they are
+essential to the culture of mountainous plants, preventing them from
+being saturated with moisture, or from becoming dry, they being
+retentive of moisture, thus keeping the roots in a medium state; for if
+once the roots are allowed to get thoroughly dried, no art of the
+gardener can recover them. This may be the true reason why they are said
+to be difficult of cultivation.
+
+In the summer season the pots must be kept out of the sun, for in a few
+hours the pot would become heated, dry the roots, and cause death, or a
+brownness of foliage which would never again become natural. Too much
+fire heat will hurt them. They only require to be kept free from frost,
+need a great deal of air and plenty of light; consequently, should be
+placed near the glass, that they may have the benefit of all the air
+that is admitted. Their flowers are as varied in shape as variety or
+colour, but they all partake of a wax-like nature, and are very
+persistent. For the finest and most select varieties, see the catalogue
+at the end of this work.
+
+_Eròdiums_, Heron's bill. There are about thirty species, all of a
+Geranium character, and there are among them some very pretty flowering,
+soft wooded, shrubby, herbaceous, and annual plants. Only a few of them
+belong to the Green-house, of which _E. incarnàtum_, _E. crassifòlium_,
+and _E. laciniàtum_, are the finest; culture similar to _Gerànium_. The
+flowers of these are scarlet, pentapetalous, and veiny.
+
+_Eucalyptus_, above fifty species of them, and the tallest growing trees
+of New Holland; foliage very diversified, generally of a hard glaucous
+texture. From their rapid growth, they soon grow higher than the
+loftiest house. The most conspicuous are _E. cordàta_, _E. rostràta_,
+_E. radiàta_, _E. pulvigéra_, _E. glòbifera_, _E. pulverulénta_, and _E.
+resínefera_. In Van Dieman's Land, a manufactory has been established,
+where a tannin is extracted from many of the species. The last mentioned
+produces gum, like that which the druggists call _Kino_. They ought not
+to be too much fostered, as it would in some degree retard their growth.
+They are of a very hardy nature. When large, the plants will flower
+freely, and are similar in flower to _Myrtle_; many stamina proceeding
+from a hard nut-like capsule.
+
+_Eupatòrium._ There is only one species deserving of cultivation in the
+Green-house; flowers syngenesious, white, and in large flattened
+panicles; very sweet-scented. The plant, when growing freely, in the
+beginning of summer, should be topped, which would make it more bushy;
+if not, it is apt to grow straggling. Known as _E. elegáns_, in our
+collections.
+
+_Eutáxia's_, two species. _E. myrtifòlia_ is a most beautiful
+free-flowering evergreen shrub; foliage small, but very neat; flowers
+leguminose, small, and very many; colour yellow and red; grows freely.
+The young plants should be frequently topped, or they will grow naked
+and unsightly. _E. pùngens_, similar to the other except in foliage.
+They flower from March to June, and ought to have a place in every
+Green-house. Culture very easy.
+
+_Euchìlus obcordàtus_ is the only species: Flowers similar to _Eutàxia_;
+foliage almost unique, being inverse, cordate; time of flowering from
+March to June.
+
+_Fúchsias_, Ladies' ear drop. About twelve species. Several of them
+elegant and handsome shrubs. _F. virgáta_ and _F. cònica_ are the most
+splendid of deciduous Green-house shrubs; the nerves of the leaves and
+young wood of the former are tinged with purplish red; the large pendant
+flowers which are produced from the axils of the leaves of the young
+wood continue during the growing season. _F. cònica_ grows strong,
+foliage green, flowers pendant, corolla more spreading than the other,
+and when in flower is a complete mass of scarlet blossoms. It flowers
+all summer. _F. coccínea_ is a common and celebrated plant, and
+deservedly so. _F. microphylla_ is a neat glowing, small flowering
+species. _F. arbórea_, has very large foliage, and rose coloured
+flowers; a scarce species, but very desirable. _F. gràcilis_ and _F.
+thymifòlia_, are both fine; most of the flowers are a bright scarlet,
+the stamens are encircled with a petal of bright purple, and are of very
+curious construction; they bear a dark purple berry, and are of the
+easiest cultivation, but during summer they must be carefully kept in
+the shade.
+
+_Gelsèmium nìtidum_, Carolina jessamine, a most beautiful climbing
+evergreen, flowering shrub. In the months of April and May, it produces
+many large yellow trumpet-like blossoms of delicious fragrance. If much
+fostered in growth, it will not flower so freely.
+
+_Gnaphàlium_, everlasting. This genus has got all the beautiful Cape
+species taken out of it, and given to _Astélma_ and _Helichrysum_. Of
+_Astélma_ there are above ten species, most of them very splendid,
+everlasting flowers. _A. exímia_ has brilliant red flowers. _A.
+spiràlis_, _A. speciosíssima_, _A. frùticans_, and _A. imbricàtum_, are
+all very fine; pots must be well drained.
+
+_Helychrysums_, above forty species, chiefly belonging to the
+Green-house, all everlasting flowers. _H. grandiflòrum_, _H. arbòreum_,
+_H. orientàle_, _H. fràgrans_, _H. adoratìssimum_, _H. frùticans_, and
+_H. fúlgidum_, are all very esteemed species, mostly soft white foliage.
+The pots should be well drained, and the plants kept in an airy
+situation, as they suffer from the least damp. If the flowers are cut
+off before they fade, they will retain for many years all the splendour
+of their beauty; but if allowed to decay on the plant, they will soon
+become musty, and all their colour fade.
+
+_Gompholòbiums_, a genus of very pretty delicate plants, all
+papilionaceous; flowers generally yellow with a little red; foliage very
+variable. G. _barbígerum_, G. _polimórfum_, G. _latifòlium_, G.
+_grandiflòrum_, and G. _venústum_, are fine, the pots must be well
+drained, and care taken that they are not over watered; they grow
+freely.
+
+_Genístas_: a few of these are very pretty free flowering shrubs. G.
+_canariénsis_, G. _tricuspidáta_, G. _cuspidòsa_, and G. _umbellàta_,
+are the finest Green-house species. All of them have yellow leguminose
+flowers in great abundance; leaves small, lanceolate.
+
+_Gnídias_, about ten species of pretty Green-house shrubs. G. _símplex_,
+G. _serícea_, G. _imbérbis_, and G. _pinifòlia_, flower the most freely;
+flowers straw colour, tubular, and corymbose. G. _símplex_ is
+sweet-scented, leaves small; the pots must be well drained, and care
+taken that they do not get either too wet or too dry, for the roots are
+very delicate. The plants must be kept near the glass, or they will be
+drawn weak.
+
+_Goodènia_, a genus of about twelve species, with cordate, serate,
+alternate foliage. G. _stellígera_, and G. _suáveolens_ are
+sweet-scented; G. _ovàta_ and G. _grandiflòra_ are the best. They are
+principally small shrubs, with terminale or axillary flowers, and flower
+during summer.
+
+_Gortèria personàta_ is the only species that belongs to this genus, and
+is an annual. There are several plants in our collections known as
+_Gortèrias_, but which properly are _Gazània_, of which there are five
+species. G. _rìngens_, when the flowers are fully expanded, (which will
+only be while exposed to the sun, closing at night, and opening again
+with the influence of the sun's rays,) is a great beauty. The rays of
+the flowers are bright orange, and the centre dark purple. _G. pavónia_
+has handsome foliage; flower similar to _G. rìngens_, except the centre
+of the flower being spotted, and is thought to be the finest, but does
+not flower so freely. _G. heterophylla_ is of the same character, except
+the foliage, which is variable, the colour orange and vermilion. They
+are half shrubby dwarf growing plants, and during the months of July,
+August, and September, are liable to damp off at the surface of the
+earth, from the action of heat, and too much water. Pots must be well
+drained, and the plants kept partially in the shade. Their flowers are
+syngenesious, and about two inches in diameter.
+
+_Grevílleas_, about thirty species. A few of them very handsome in
+flower and foliage, among which are _G. punícea_; _G. acanthifòlia_,
+(beautiful foliage); _G. concínna_, very pretty straw and rose-coloured
+flowers; _G. juniperìna_, green and straw-coloured; _G. lineàris_, white
+flowers. The flowers of the whole are curious, though not very
+attractive. Some carry their flowers in racemose spikes, others on
+flowering branches, which are recurved; the petals are very small and
+rugged; the stile longer than the appendage. They grow freely, flower
+and ripen seeds; all evergreen dwarf shrubs.
+
+_Hàkeas_, about forty species, not generally so interesting or
+attractive as the last genus; flowers all white; construction similar to
+_Grevíllea_, but the foliage more varied. _H. gibbòsa_, _H. nítida_, _H.
+salígna_, _H. suavèolens_, sweet-scented, _H. conculàta_, and _H.
+lambérti_, are the best, and afford a curious variety of foliage; flower
+in June. Drain the pots well.
+
+_Hemerocállis_, Day Lily. Only _H. speciòsa_ of this genus belongs to
+the Green-house; the flower is spacious, and of copper colour. A native
+of Jamaica. It has not found its way into our collections. It is
+herbaceous, and while growing requires much water. The plant known with
+us as _H. japónica_ is now _Fúnkia álba_, (and justly, for the most
+superficial observer could have distinguished it as not belonging to
+_Hemerocállis_.) It requires to be much fostered to flower well, and
+plenty of water. If properly treated, it is a magnificent flower, and
+continues flowering from July to September. We doubt not it may prove a
+hardy herbaceous plant, (the same as _F. cærùlea_,) if protected during
+the first winter.
+
+_Hermánnias_, a genus of about forty species, all natives of the Cape of
+Good Hope, and not worth cultivating. They have yellow cup-like flowers,
+and are of the easiest cultivation. Several species are in our
+collections.
+
+_Hibbértias_, about ten species. Three of them are very fine climbing
+evergreen shrubs, viz. _H. glossulariæfòlia_; _H. dentàta_; _H.
+volùbilis_, if closely approached has a disagreeable smell; _H.
+fasciculàta_, _H. salígna_, and H. _pedunculàta_, are evergreen shrubs;
+they have pure yellow flowers of five petals, blooming from May to
+September.
+
+_Habránthus_, about ten species of small South American bulbs, nearly
+allied to _Amaryllis_. H. _Andersónii_, H. _versícolor_, and H.
+_robústa_ are the finest; they are in colour yellow, blue, and lilac. We
+have very little doubt but these bulbs will do to plant out in the
+garden in April, and be lifted in October. Keep them from frost. Thus
+treated, they are very desirable bulbs.
+
+_Hòveas_, about eight species, pretty plants of New South Wales, blue
+pea-flowering evergreen shrubs; the finest are H. _lineàris_, H.
+_rosmarinifòlia_, H. _longifòlia_, and H. _Célsii_, which is the most
+superb, and flowers in abundance. They grow and flower freely; the pots
+should be drained.
+
+_Hydrángea horténsis_ is a well known plant, and much esteemed for its
+great profusion of very elegant, though monstrous, flowers. They are
+naturally of a rose colour, but under certain circumstances of culture
+they become blue. If grown in brown loam with a little sand, they will
+preserve their original colour; but if grown in swamp earth with a
+little mould of decayed leaves, they will become blue. The swamp earth
+and vegetable mould being more combined with aluminous salt than brown
+loam, is the cause of the change; and, when first found out, (which was
+merely by chance,) was thought a great wonder. It must have a very
+plentiful supply of water when in flower, which is produced on the
+shoots of the previous year. They will neither grow nor flower well if
+they are not kept constantly in the shade. When kept in the sun, the
+foliage is very brown; and by being neglected in watering, we have seen
+the flowers completely scourged. Being tolerably hardy, when the winters
+are mild, by a little protection in the open air, they will flower
+profusely; the flowers will be very large, and in bloom from June to
+October. They are deciduous, soft wooded shrubs.
+
+_Hypéricums_, St. John's wort, about twenty species. A few of them are
+very showy, and with few exceptions have yellow flowers. _H. monógynum_,
+H. _balearicum_, H. _floribúndum_, H. _canariénse_, H. _ægyptìacum_, and
+H. _cochinchinense_, which has scarlet flowers, are amongst the best,
+and all of them flower freely; five petals, filaments many in three or
+five parcels. They are all of very easy cultivation, and bloom generally
+from April to September.
+
+_Ilex_, Holly, of _I. aquifòlium_. There are above one hundred species
+of them in cultivation in Europe, differing in variegation, margin,
+shape, and size of the leaves; some are only prickly on the margin of
+the foliage, others prickly over all the surface. In Europe they are all
+hardy, but with us few or none of the varieties are so. If they become
+acclimated, they will be a great ornament to our gardens, being all low
+evergreen shrubs. The most common and conspicuous varieties are the
+_hedgehog_, _striped hedgehog_, _white edged_, _gold edged_, and
+_painted_; the flowers are white and small, berries yellow or red; they
+do not agree with exposure to the sun. _J. Cassíne_ and _J. vomitòria_
+have very bitter leaves, and, though natives of Carolina, we have to
+give them the protection of a Green-house. It is said that at certain
+seasons of the year the Indians make a strong decoction of the leaves,
+which makes them vomit freely, and after drinking and vomiting for a few
+days, they consider themselves sufficiently purified.
+
+_Illíciums_, Aniseed-tree, three species. _I. floridànum_, has very
+sweet-scented, double purple flowers, and the plant grows freely and
+systematically if properly treated, and deserves the attention of the
+admirers of flowers. _I. parviflòrum_ has small yellow flowers; _I.
+anisàtum_ is so very like _I. parviflòrum_ in every respect, as to make
+us conclude they are the same, were _I. anisátum_ not a native of China,
+and the other two natives of Florida. When the leaves and capsules of
+either of them are rubbed, they have a very strong smell of anise;--they
+grow very freely.
+
+_Indigófera_; Indigo-tree, about twenty species, belong to the
+Green-house, and are chiefly pretty free flowering shrubs. _I.
+denudàta_, _I. amæna_, _I. austràlis_, _I. angulàta_, _I. càndicans_,
+and _I. filifòlia_, are very fine; flowers papilionaceous, in long
+panicles; colour various, red, blue, yellow, and pink.
+
+_Isopògons_, about ten species of _Pròtea_-like plants, all natives of
+New Holland. They are very stiff shrubs, with leaves very much divided,
+and cone-like flowers at the extremity of the shoots. _I. formòsus_, _I.
+anemonifòlius_, _I. attenuàtis_, and _I. polycéphalis_, are the finest;
+flowers are straw, lilac, white, and yellow coloured; the pots must be
+well drained, and the plants not over-crowded.
+
+_Justícias._ Only a few of these belong to the Green-house, and are
+very simple looking flowers. The most beautiful of them belong to the
+Hot-house. _J. nìgricans_, small striped flower; _J. orchioídes_ and _J.
+Adhátoda_, Malanut, are the only ones that are worth observation, and
+are very easily cultivated. _J. Adhátoda_ has good looking foliage, but
+does not flower until the plant becomes large; colour white and light
+purple.
+
+_Jacksònias._ A genus consisting of five species. The foliage is varied,
+and all natives of New South Wales. _J. scopària_ is similar to a plant
+in our collections, called _Vimenària denudata_. _J. hórrida_, and _J.
+reticulàta_, are the finest; the small flowers come out of the young
+shoots, are yellow and papilionaceous; the pots should be well drained.
+
+_Kennèdias_, about nine species, all evergreen climbers, of the easiest
+culture, and flower abundantly. _K. monophylla_, blue flowered, and _K.
+rubicúnda_, crimson flowered, are common in our collections. _K.
+prostràta_, (once _Glycine coccínea_) one-flowered scarlet, and _K.
+coccínea_, many flowered scarlet, are very pretty. _K. Comptoniàna_ has
+splendid purple flowers, and _K. inophylla_ is thought the most superb.
+It is very rare, and we have not seen it flower. They are large purple.
+The pots should be well drained; and if the plants are much fostered,
+they will not flower so well; flowers are either in racemose spikes, or
+solitary, which is rather too much distinction for the same genus.
+
+_Lambértias_, four species of very fine plants, natives of New Holland.
+L. _formòsa_ is the finest of the genus that we have seen; flowers large
+and of a splendid rose colour. L. _echinàta_ is said to be finer, but
+has not flowered in cultivation. L. _uniflòra_ has single red flowers,
+and L. _inérmis_ orange coloured. They are rare plants in the
+collections on this side of the Atlantic. Drain the pots well; the
+foliage is narrow, and of a hard dry nature.
+
+_Lasiopètalums_, only two species. There were a few more, but they are
+now _Thomàsias_, plants of no merit whatever, in regard to flower;
+foliage three lobed, small, rough, and rusty-like. _Thomàsia solanàcea_
+and _T. quereifòlia_, are the best species; foliage of the former is
+large, cordate, and deep indented; they are all of the easiest culture.
+
+_Lavándulas_, Lavender, about seven species belong to the Green-house,
+and a few of them very pretty soft-wooded, half shrubby plants, and if
+touched, are highly scented. L. _dentàta_ has narrow serrated foliage,
+very neat. _L. formòsa_ and _L. pinnàta_ are desirable; blue flowers on
+a long spike; should be kept near the glass; they are of the easiest
+culture.
+
+_Laúrus._ A few species are Green-house plants. This genus has been
+divided to _Cinnamòmum_; still there are a few celebrated plants in the
+original. L. _nòbilis_, sweet bay, though hardy, is kept under
+protection. It will bear the winter with a little straw covering,
+notwithstanding there should be a plant kept in the house in case of
+accident by frost or otherwise; there is a variegated variety of it. _L.
+índica_, royal bay, _L. f[oe]tens_, _L. aggregàta_, and _L. glúaca_, are
+favourites. There is a species known in our collections as _L. scábra_.
+The Camphire tree, known as _L. camphòra_, is _Cinnamòmum camphòra_; the
+wood, leaves, and roots of this tree have a very strong odour of
+camphire. It is obtained by distillation from the roots and small
+branches, which are cut into chips, and put into a net suspended within
+an iron pot, the bottom of which is covered with water, having an
+earthen head fitted in it; heat is then applied, and the steam of the
+boiling water acting upon the contents of the net, elevates the camphire
+into the capital, where it concretes on the straws, with which this part
+of the apparatus is lined. They are all fine evergreens, (which the name
+denotes,) and easily cultivated,
+
+_Lìnums_, Flax, two or three species are very fine, and flower freely.
+_L. trigynum_ has large yellow flowers in clusters, and _L.
+ascyrifôlium_, whose flowers are large, blue, and white, and in long
+spikes. The shape of them is very like the flower vulgarly called
+Morning-glory.
+
+_Lobèlias._ Several of them when well treated, form most magnificent
+flowering plants; they are principally herbaceous. L. _Tùpa_ has the
+largest foliage, and fine scarlet flowers. L. _speciôsa_, flowers light
+purple; L. _fúlgens_, crimson flowers; L. _spléndens_, scarlet flowers.
+The three last are of the same habit; the colours brilliant; and to grow
+them well, they should be divided, (if there are several shoots
+arising,) when they begin to grow, putting them first into four inch
+pots, and shifting them frequently, having them to flower in those of
+nine or ten inches, which will be about the end of June, or first of
+July, and they will continue until October. The pots must be always kept
+in pans or saucers filled with water; likewise give plenty to the
+surface of the earth, which is to be done during their time of growth
+and flowering. If this is attended to, they will produce flower stalks
+from four to six feet in height, and covered with branches and spikes of
+flowers from bottom to top. The corolla is pentapetalous, three down
+and two up; they require a little shade. The genus consists of about
+eighty species; seventy of them are exotics; many of them natives of the
+Cape of Good Hope, with little flowers of brilliant colours. L.
+_cærùlea_, L. _Thunbérgii_, L. _corymbôsa_, L. _pyramidàlis_, and L.
+_ilicifòlia_, are very fine species, of weak growth, but flower freely.
+
+_Lomàtias_, about six species; flowers are white or straw colour, and
+similar to _Grevíllea_, but the foliage more handsome.
+
+_Lophospérmum scándens._ This is a magnificent new climbing soft wooded
+shrub, with purple, campanulate flowers, which are produced from the
+axils on the young wood; they bloom from May to September; leaves large,
+cordate, and tomentose; grows rapidly, and flowers abundantly.
+
+_Lachnæas_, about five species, remarkable for their downy heads of
+white flowers; leaves small, ovate, lanceolate. L. _glaùca_, L.
+_conglomeràta_, and L. _eriocéphala_, are the best species. The pots
+must be well drained, and in summer the plants protected from the sun.
+
+_Leonòtis_, Lion's-ear, four species. They have very fine scarlet
+tubular flowers, orifice-toothed. They come out in large whorls, and
+look elegant; but neither plant nor foliage has an agreeable appearance.
+They are of the easiest culture. L. _intermédia_, and L. _Leonùrus_, are
+the best flowering species.
+
+_Leucospérmums_, about eighteen species, of Proteacious plants, chiefly
+low growing, and are mostly downy or hairy; flowers yellow, in terminale
+heads. L. _formósum_, L. _grandiflòrum_, L. _tomentósum_, and L.
+_candicans_, rose-scented. These are fine species. For treatment, see
+_Pròteas_.
+
+_Lipàrias_, about five species, much esteemed for their beauty of
+foliage; leaves ovate, lanceolate, downy or woolly; flowers yellow,
+leguminose, and capitate. L. _sphærica_, L. _tomentósa_, L. _villósa_,
+and L. _serícea_, are the finest. L. _vistìta_ and L. _villósa_ are the
+same, although put in many catalogues as different species. None of them
+ought to be much watered over the foliage, as it adheres to the down,
+and causes the young shoots to damp off. Drain the pots well, and keep
+the plants in an airy situation.
+
+_Lysinèmas_, four species, closely allied to _Epácris_. In every respect
+treatment the same. L. _pentapítalum_, L. _conspicum_, and L. _ròseum_,
+are the best; the flowers of the two former are white. L. _silaifòlia_
+has leaves bipinnatifid and smooth, segments wedge-shaped and cut. L.
+_dentàta_ and L. _ilicifòlia_ are the finest; the pots should be
+drained.
+
+_Lonícera japónica._ There is a plant in our collections known by that
+name, which is now _Nintooa longiflàra_; flowers of a straw colour, but
+come out white. It has been known to withstand the winter, but does not
+flower, and is frequently killed entirely.
+
+_Lychnis coroàta_, is an esteemed Chinese plant; flowers-in abundance,
+pentapetalous, large, and a little indented at the edges; colour a
+red-like orange; flowers terminale and axillary. The roots must be
+divided every spring, or they will dwindle away to nothing. Perhaps a
+good method of treatment would be to divide the roots, and plant them in
+the garden; they would flower well, and could be lifted in the fall,
+and put under protection. We have no doubt that it may become
+acclimated. If not done so, plant them in four inch pots, and repot them
+into those of six inch in May. Do not expose them while in flower to the
+mid-day sun, for it will deteriorate the fine colour.
+
+_Leptospérmums_, about thirty species, all pretty New Holland evergreen
+dwarf shrubs, with small white flowers. L. _baccàtum_, L. _péndulum_, L.
+_juníperinum_, L. _ovátum_, L. _stellàtum_, L. _grandiflórum_, and L.
+_scopàrium_, are the best of the species. The latter was used as tea by
+Capt. Cook's ship's crew. It is an agreeable bitter, with a pleasant
+flavour, when fresh. When young plants are growing, they ought to be
+frequently topped to make them bushy, and kept in an airy situation, or
+they will be drawn and unsightly. They are of very easy culture.
+
+_Leucadéndrons_, Silver tree, above forty species, all natives of Cape
+of Good Hope. They are evergreens with handsome, silvery-like foliage.
+L. _argentéum_ (once _Pròtea argentéa_) is a great beauty; foliage
+white, lanceolate, and silky. It is a plant that has been long in
+cultivation, greatly admired, and much sought for, and is the finest of
+the genus. L. _squarròsum_, L. _stellàtum_, (once _Pròtea stellaris_) L.
+_tórtum_, L. _servíceum_, L. _margìnàtum_, and L. _plumôsum_ (once _P.
+parviflòra_) are all fine species. The pots must be well drained, and
+the plants never over-watered. They are very desirable in collections
+for their beauty of foliage; flowers similar to _Pròtea_.
+
+_Magnòlias._ There are four species that require the protection of our
+Green-houses; all the others are hardy. M. _fuscàta_, and M.
+_annonæfòlia_, are very similar in foliage and flower: the young
+branches and leaves of M. _fuscàta_ is covered with a brown, rusty-like
+down; the other by some is considered merely a variety; flowers small,
+brown, and very sweet-scented. M. _pùmila_ is very dwarf growing; leaves
+large and netted; flowers semi-double, white, pendant, and fragrant.
+They are natives of China. We have several others from the east, but
+being deciduous are perfectly hardy. M. _odoratíssima_, now _Talàuma
+Candólii_, a native of the Island of Java, and said to be very
+odoriferous, but is very rare even in Europe; said to have a straw
+coloured flower. M. _conspícua_ is desirable to have in the Green-house,
+if enarched on a stock of M. _purpùrea_, which will always keep it
+dwarf, and it will flower magnificently in February and March.
+
+_Melalèucas_, above thirty species, and a beautiful genus of New Holland
+plants, of easy culture; flowers come out of the wood like fringes. M.
+_elíptica_, M. _fúlgens_, scarlet, M. _decussàta_, M. _hypericifòlia_,
+M. _squarròsa_, M. _linarifòlia_, M. _incana_, M. _tetragònia_, M.
+_thymifòlia_, are all very fine species, and flower freely if they have
+been grown from cuttings; the singularity of flower and diversity of
+foliage make them generally thought of.
+
+_Maurándias_, three species, of very pretty climbing Green-house plants,
+flowering from March to October. M. _Barclàyana_ has splendid flowers,
+large, light blue, campanulate, and very abundant. M. _semperflòrens_
+has rose coloured flowers, of the same character. They will flower best
+if planted in the ground.
+
+_Myrsínes_, Cape Myrtle, dwarf cape evergreen shrubs covered with small
+flowers from March to May. M. _retùsa_ has green and purple flowers; M.
+_rotundifòlia_, flowers white and purple. They will grow in any
+situation, and are of easy culture.
+
+_Méspilus japónica._ The plant, known under that name, is now
+_Eriabòtrya japónica_, Loquat, is a fine plant with large lanceolate,
+distantly serrated leaves, white underneath; small white flowers on a
+racemose spike, and produces a fruit about the size of a walnut, of a
+fine yellow blush colour, and of delicious flavour. If it flowers in the
+fall, it will require the heat of a Hot-house to ripen the fruit. It is
+of very easy culture, and its noble aspect is never passed unobserved.
+
+_Metrosidèros_, about five species. Many have been added to
+_Callistèmon_. M. _flòrida_, M. _umbellata_, and M. _angustifòlia_, are
+the best species. C. _salígnum_, C. _lanceolàtum_, variety
+_semperiflòrens_, C. _glaùcum_, once M. _speciòsa_, has splendid scarlet
+flowers and C. _formòsum_; these are all beautiful plants, with scarlet
+flowers. Other two beautiful species with white flowers have been given
+to _Angóphora_. A. _cordifòlia_, once M. _híspida_, and A. _lanceolàta_,
+once M. _costàta_; these genera are very easily distinguished from any
+other Australasian shrubs, by the peculiar character of having both
+sides of the leaves alike. The flowers consist of stamens, stiles, and
+anthers, coming in hundreds out of the young wood for the length of
+three or four inches, forming a dense cone crowned with a small twig;
+leaving capsules in the wood, which will keep their seeds perfect for a
+great number of years. They grow freely, and the pots should be well
+drained.
+
+_Myrtus_, Myrtle, is a well known and popular shrub, especially the
+common varieties; and was a great favourite, (even to adoration,) among
+the ancients. It was the mark of authority for Athenian rulers, and is
+amongst the moderns an emblem of pre-eminence. They are elegant
+evergreen shrubs, with an agreeable odour. M. _commùnis multipléx_,
+double flowering, is a very neat shrub, and flowers abundantly. M.
+_commùnis leucocárpa_, White-fruited Myrtle, is quite unique, when the
+berries are on it. M. _itálica variagáta_, striped leaved; M. _itálica
+maculàta_, blotch leaved, are very fine shrubs; and M. _tomentòsa_,
+Chinese Myrtle, is a magnificent erect growing shrub, with a white down
+over the foliage; the flowers are the largest of the genus. When they
+first expand, they are white, and afterwards change to purple, so that
+there are beautiful flowers of several shades of colour on the plant. We
+have not the smallest doubt but this species will become in many
+instances as plentiful as the common myrtle. It is more easily grown,
+but cannot stand much exposure to the sun in summer. M. _tenuifòlia_ is
+a very fine plant, and a native of New South Wales. Myrtles in general
+should be sprinkled with water in the evenings, to keep off mildew and
+red spider.
+
+_Nandìna doméstica_, the only species, and a popular shrub in the
+gardens of Japan, where it is called _Nandin_. It has supra-decompound
+leaves, with entire lanceolate leaflets, a kind of foliage that is very
+rare; the flowers are small, whitish green, in panicles, succeeded by
+berries of the size of a pea; drain the pots well.
+
+_Nèrium_, (Oleander,) is a genus of beautiful erect growing evergreen
+shrubs, of the easiest culture, and abundant in flower. _N. oleánder_ is
+the common rose coloured single flowering species, from which six
+varieties have originated. At present the most popular is _N. oleánder
+splèndens_, which has a double rose coloured flower. There is one that
+has got in our collections as double white which is only semi-double. We
+have seen a white, variety as double as _N. o. splèndens_, and have no
+doubt but in a few years it will be plentiful. _N. oleánder
+elegantìssimum_, a most beautiful plant, with deep silver-edged foliage;
+and the young wood is striped white and green. We are not positive in
+respect to the beauty of its flowers, but it has a high character. We
+have heard of a double-yellow variety, but the reports are not properly
+authenticated; and we doubt it very much. There are likewise single
+yellow, single white, and single blotched varieties of _N. oleánder_.
+They are subject to the small white scaly insect, and should be
+frequently washed, as has been directed, to keep it off.
+
+_Oleas_, Olive, about twelve species and varieties. _O. Europæa
+longifòlia_, is the species that is cultivated to such an extent in the
+south of France, and Italy. _O. Europæa latifòlia_ is chiefly cultivated
+in Spain. The fruit is larger than that of Italy, but the oil is not so
+pleasant, which is obtained by crushing the fruit to a paste, and
+pressing it through a woollen bag, adding hot water as long as any oil
+is yielded. The oil is then skimmed off the water, and put into barrels,
+bottles, &c. for use. The tree seldom exceeds thirty feet, and is a
+branchy glaucous evergreen, and said to be of great longevity. Some
+plantations at Turin in Italy are supposed to have existed from the time
+of Pliny. It frequently flowers in our collections, but seldom carries
+fruit; flowers white, in small racemose axillary spikes. _O. cupénsis_
+has a thick large oblong foliage; flowers white, in large terminale
+panicles. _O. verrucòsa_, foliage flat, lanceolate, and white beneath,
+branches curiously warted. _O. fragráns_, foliage and blossoms are both
+highly odoriferous; the plant is much esteemed in China, and is said to
+be used to adulterate and flavour teas. Leaves are elliptic, lanceolate,
+and a little serrated; flowers white in lateral bunches. It is subject
+to the small, white scaly insect, and ought to be carefully kept from
+them by washing. _O. paniculata_ is a fine species. They are all very
+easily cultivated.
+
+_Oxylòbiums_, seven species, plants very similar to _Callistachys_, with
+ovate, cordate, light coloured, pubescent foliage, with papilionaceous
+flowers. _O. obtusifòlium_ has scarlet flowers; _O. retùsum_, orange
+flowers; and _O. ellípticum_, yellow flowers. They grow freely, and
+should be well drained; flower from May to August.
+
+_Pelargòniums_, Stork's Bill. This genus, so universally known amongst
+us as _Gerànium_, from which it was separated many years ago, is a
+family of great extent and variety, for which we are principally
+indebted to the Cape of Good Hope. By cultivation from seed many hundred
+beautiful species and well marked varieties have been obtained. There
+are about five hundred species, with upwards of two hundred varieties.
+They are of every character, colour and shade, of the most vivid
+description. The easy cultivation of the _Pelargònium_ tribe, or
+_Geràniums_, as they are commonly called, has rendered them very
+popular; also the agreeableness of scent and fragrance of which many of
+them are possessed, makes them favourites. If their flowering season was
+of longer duration, the varieties and species would be quite
+indispensable in collections; but there is every appearance that in a
+few years the aspect of them will be changed. The present prevailing
+colour of the flower, (which has five petals, three hanging and two
+erect, the erect petals being always of the darkest shade,) is a white
+or pink ground, with lilac, purple, or pink stripes, flakes, or spots,
+and blooms from April to June; though they bloom profusely in large
+bunches, the time is limited. The species and varieties that have a red
+ground, with black or dark crimson stripes or spots, generally bloom
+during the whole summer. These, though scarce in the collections of the
+country, will in a few years root out those whose flowers are of such
+short duration, and by their blooms charm us half of the year.
+
+The tuberous and fleshy stemmed species are far more interesting to the
+discriminating inquirer than the common kinds. Their habit and
+constitution are so peculiar, that we have frequently wondered that they
+have not been separated into distinct genera. The cultivation of them is
+more difficult, water being very prejudicial to them when they are
+inactive. When they are well managed, they flower beautifully, and the
+colours are very superior and peculiar, having frequently bright green
+and purple in the same flower. If some of the colours of these could be
+compounded with the large flowering kinds, those hybridised would be
+magnificent.
+
+The best method to adopt in impregnating these, is to choose the female,
+one that has large flowers, of easy cultivation, and as nearly allied in
+character and other habits as possible. When a flower of the intended
+female is newly expanded, take a pair of very fine pointed scissors, and
+cut off the anthers before the pollen expands; then as soon as the
+summit of the stile divides, apply the pollen taken from the anthers of
+the intended male plant on a very fine camel hair pencil, or cut out the
+stigma entirely, and place the anther on the summit of the stile, which,
+if correctly done, will have the desired effect. As soon as the seed is
+ripe, sow it in light sandy soil; and when it has come up, take care not
+to over-water the soil, which would cause them to damp off. When they
+are about one inch high, put them into small pots, and treat as the
+other varieties. Have them all distinctly marked until they flower,
+which will be in the second year from the time of sowing.
+
+_Phórmium tènax_, New Zealand flax lily, the only species; foliage
+resembling an _Iris_, and very thready. In New Zealand and Norfolk
+Island, the natives manufacture from this plant a kind of stuff like
+coarse linen, cordage, &c.; the plant is very hardy, and we would be no
+way surprised to see it stand the severity of our winters. It bears
+exposure to the open air in Europe in the 56th degree of north latitude.
+The flowers are said to be yellow and lily-like; of the easiest
+culture.
+
+_Phylicas_, above twenty-five species. Several of them are very pretty
+growing evergreen shrubs, and of easy culture. P. _horizontàlis_, P.
+_squarròsa_, P. _imbricàta_, P. _myrtifòlia_, P. _callòsa_, P.
+_bícolor_, and P. _ericoídes_, are all neat growing; flowers small,
+white, in heads; drain the pots well, and keep them in an airy
+situation. The foliage of several of the species is downy.
+
+_Pimèleas_, about fourteen species. Most of them are highly esteemed,
+and are not often seen in our collections. P. _decussàta_ is the finest
+of the genus, both in foliage and flowers, which are red, and in large
+terminale clusters; P. _rôsea_, P. _linifòlia_, white, P. _spicàta_, and
+P. _drupàcea_, are all fine species. The latter has the largest foliage,
+which is ovate and accuminate; berry-bearing. They should be well
+drained. They are very small evergreen shrubs, with white or red
+flowers.
+
+_Pittósporums_, about nine species, with handsome foliage, and small
+white flowers in clusters, which are fragrant. P. _Tobìra_ is a native
+of China, and nearly hardy; leaves lucid, obovate, obtuse, and smooth.
+P. _undulàtum_, P. _coriàceum_, P. _revolùtum_, P. _fúlvum_, and P.
+_ferrugíneum_, are very ornamental evergreens, and will grow with the
+most simple treatment.
+
+_Platylòbiums_, Flat Pea, four species of fine free flowering plants;
+flowers leguminose; colour yellow. P. _formòsum_, P. _oràtum_, and P.
+_triangulàre_, are the best; the foliage of the two former is cordate,
+ovate; the latter hastate, with spiny angles.
+
+_Pistàcias_, seven species of trees, principally of the south of Europe.
+There is nothing particular in their appearance, except their
+productions in their native country. P. _terebínthus_ is deciduous, and
+produces the Cyprus turpentine. P. _lentíscus_ is the true mastich tree,
+which is obtained by cutting transverse incisions in the bark. P. _vèra_
+and P. _reticulàta_ are good species; leaves pinnated; leaflets ovate,
+lanceolate; easily cultivated.
+
+_Plumbàgos_, Lead-wort. There are only two species of any consequence
+belonging to the Green-house, P. _trístis_ and P. _capénsis_. The former
+is a shy flowerer, but the latter flowers freely; colour beautiful light
+blue, and flowers in spikes; foliage oblong, entire, and a little
+glaucous; of very easy culture, and continues in bloom a considerable
+time.
+
+_Psoràleas_, above forty species. A few of them are worthy of
+cultivation, P. _odoratíssima_, P. _spicàta_, P. _aculeàta_, P.
+_argéntea_, and P. _tomentòsa_. They have all blue flowers, and
+leguminose. They are chiefly low shrubs; and will flower and grow
+freely; the pots require draining.
+
+_Podalyrias_, about fourteen species of pretty Cape shrubs; foliage
+oblong, obovate, and silky-like; the flowers leguminose; colour blue or
+pink. P. _serícea_, P. _styracifòlia_, P. _corúscans_, P. _argéntea_, P.
+_liparioídes_, and P. _subbiflòra_, are the finest and most distinct
+species, and flower abundantly.
+
+_Petsoónias_, about sixteen species of dwarf evergreen shrubs; leaves
+oblong, or lanceolate, hairy, or downy; flowers axillary and solitary;
+the pots should be well drained, and the plants in summer protected from
+the sun. P. _hirsùta_, P. _móllis_, P. _teretifòlia_, and P. _lùcida_,
+are the most distinct, and grow freely.
+
+_Pròteas_, about forty-four species. The foliage of this genus is very
+diversified; flowers very large, terminale; stamens protected by an
+involucrum; many-leaved and imbricated; which is very persistent. P.
+_cynaroídes_ has the largest flower, which is purple, green, and red. P.
+_speciòsa_, P. _umbonàlis_, once P. _longifòlia_, P. _melaleùca_, P.
+_grandiflòra_, P. _coccínea_, P. _cenocárpa_, P. _pállens_, P.
+_formòsa_, P. _magnífica_, P. _speciòsa rúbra_, and P. _mellífera_, will
+afford a very good variety. It is almost impossible to describe their
+true colour, it being so various; red, white, straw, brown, green, and
+purple, are most predominant, and frequently to be seen in the same
+flower; the plants must be well drained; and during warm weather be
+careful that they are not neglected in water, for if they are suffered
+to droop, they seldom recover. For this reason the pots ought not to
+stand in the strong sun; the plants can bear it, but to the roots it is
+injurious.
+
+_Pultenæas_, about forty species, pretty little dwarf growing shrubs of
+New South Wales; flowers small, leguminose, all yellow, with a little
+red outside of the petals. P. _villòsa_, P. _obcordàta_, P. _argéntea_,
+P. _plumòsa_, P. _fléxilis_, shining leaved, fragrant; P. _cándida_, and
+P. _strìcta_, are all fine species, and esteemed in collections. The
+leaves are all small; they require an airy exposure, and the pots
+drained.
+
+_Rhododéndrons_ (Rose tree), a magnificent genus, and contains some of
+the most superb and gigantic plants that adorn the Green-house. All the
+_Azàleas_ (except A. _procúmbens_) both Chinese and American, have been
+arranged under this genus. At present the most admired is _R. arbòreum_,
+with varieties. _R. arbòreum_ has deep scarlet flowers, with dark spots
+and flakes campanulated, and in large clusters; leaves lanceolate,
+acute, rough, and silvery beneath. _R. arbòreum albúm_ is very rare. _R.
+arbòreum supérbum_, flowers same shape as _arbòreum_, colour bright
+scarlet; foliage one third larger, but not silvery beneath; grows
+freely, and generally thought the finest variety. _R. arbòrea
+álte-Clàrance_ is also very superb. There are several other varieties of
+minor note. A Green-house without some of the scarlet varieties of that
+plant, is deficient of a flower whose beauty and grandeur are beyond the
+highest imagination. It is a native of Nepaul in India, and when found
+by Dr. Wallach awakened the ambition of every cultivator and connoisseur
+in Europe. There are several other species brought from that country
+lately, but none of them has yet flowered. They are highly valued from
+the productions of the above; the species are _R. campanulàtum_, _R.
+anthopògon_, and _R. cinnamòmeum_. This is named from the colour of the
+leaves, which are very peculiar and very handsome; the flowers are said
+to be rose-coloured. These three last cannot be purchased under an
+immense price; the others have been rarely seen in our collections, but
+another year or two will make them more plentiful. Their beauty of
+flower is beyond description. The pots should be well drained, and if
+they are large, put several pieces of sandy stones or potshreds around
+the side, for the fine fibres delight to twine about such, being
+mountainous plants.
+
+_Roéllas_, pretty leafy shrubs, with blue terminale funnel-shaped
+flowers, lip-spreading; _R. cilliàta_, _R. spicàta_, and _R.
+pedunculàta_, are the finest of the genus. The pots must be well
+drained, and care taken that they are not over-watered.
+
+_Sálvia_ (Sage), is an extensive genus of soft-wooded, shrubby, or
+herbaceous plants; very few of them do well in the Green-house, and many
+of them are very trifling, having no other attraction than the flower,
+and those of the tender species, when compared with _S. élegans_, _S.
+spléndens_, _S. cærúlea_, and _S. coccìnea_, (which in artificial
+climates constitute the standard of the genus,) are not worth
+cultivation. These last mentioned, if kept in the Green-house, will
+merely keep in life, but a situation in the Hot-house would cause them
+to flower frequently. The best method to adopt with the summer flowering
+kinds, is to plant them in the garden in May; they will grow strong and
+flower abundantly, and in the fall they can be lifted, and preserved
+during winter in pots. They neither grow nor flower so well as when
+planted out, and even a slip planted in the ground in moist weather will
+root in a few days, grow, and flower in a few weeks. _S. spléndens_ is
+the best to select for the purpose. _S. aùrea_, _S. paniculàta_, and _S.
+índica_, are fine species. The latter is white and blue, with large
+leaves; flowers monopetalous, and irregular; colour generally red or
+blue in spiked whorls. All will grow easily with encouragement.
+
+_Senècios._ Some species of this genus are pestiferous weeds all over
+the world. They are found near the limits of perpetual snow, where
+neither tree nor shrub is able to rear its head. Yet there are three
+species that are neat little plants, and are worthy of a situation, viz.
+_S. grandiflòrus_, _S. venústus_, and _S. cineráscens_, with the double
+white and red variety of _S. élegans_. The two last varieties are free
+flowering, but if allowed to grow several years, they become unsightly.
+Being very easily propagated, a few cuttings of them should be put in,
+in September, and in two weeks they will strike root, when they may be
+put in pots to keep through the winter, and then planted in the garden,
+continuing to renew them. The other mentioned species should be
+frequently done the same way. Do not keep them damp during winter, or
+they will rot off. Keep them in an airy exposure.
+
+_Schótias_, a beautiful genus of six species, which will require the
+warmest part of the Green-house to keep them. The foliage is handsome;
+leaves compound: leaflets oval-lanceolate, and in pairs from six to ten;
+_S. speciòsa_, crimson, flowers nearly papilionaceous, and in bunches,
+the most superb of the genus. _S. alàta_, _S. latifòlia_, once
+_Omphalòbium Schótia_, and _S. tamarindifólia_, are the finest; the
+flowers of the others are red. The pots require to be drained, and the
+plants protected from the hot sun.
+
+_Swainsònas_, four species of free flowering, soft wooded shrubs,
+natives of New South Wales. _S. galigifòlia_, _S. coronillæfòlia_, and
+_S. astragalifòlia_, are red, purple, and white; leguminose flowers in
+spikes from the axils, are of easy culture, and deserving of a
+situation; the foliage is pinnate; leaflets ovate, acute.
+
+_Scòttias_, three species of valuable plants; _S. dentàta_, with
+scarlet leguminose blossoms; leaves opposite, ovate, accuminate,
+serrate; _S. angustifòlia_ has brown flowers; _S. trapezifòrmus_, leaves
+ovate, acute, serrulate. We do not know the colour of its flowers; the
+pots must be well drained, and the plants kept in the warmest part of
+the Green-house, and near the light.
+
+_Sparrmánnias_, are strong growing Green-house shrubs. _S. africàna_, is
+a plant very common in our collections, with large three lobed cordate
+leaves, hairs on both sides; flowers from March to July. _S. rugósa._
+The leaves are rugged; flowers of both are white, in a kind of corymb,
+supported by a long footstalk; buds drooping, flowers erect. There is a
+plant known in our collections, as the free-flowering _Sparrmánnia_,
+(which is _Entèlia arboréscens_,) and is easily distinguished from
+_Sparrmánnia_ by the leaves being cordate, accuminate, and otherwise, by
+all its filaments being fertile, and the flowers more branching, and
+blooming from November to June, profusely; very easily cultivated, and
+desirable.
+
+_Sphærolòbiums_, only two species of leafless plants, with yellow and
+red leguminose flowers, which proceed from the young shoots. _S.
+vimíneum_ and _S. médium_. They flower freely, and are easily
+cultivated. The old wood should be frequently cut out where it is
+practicable. Drain the pots.
+
+_Sprengélia incarnàta_,, the only species, a very pretty plant, allied
+to _Epàcris_; small foliage, long, accuminate; flowers small, pink,
+bearded, and in close spikes; grows freely, delighting in shade. The
+pots must be well drained, and the plants, when dormant, watered
+sparingly, for if they get sodden about the roots, they very seldom
+recover.
+
+_Stylidíums_, six species of pretty litte plants, with small linear
+leaves, and remarkable for the singular elasticity of the style or
+column, which, when the flower is newly expanded, lays to one side, and
+on being touched with a pin starts with violence to the opposite side.
+S. _graminifòlium_, S. _fruticòsum_, S. _laricifòlium_, and S.
+_adnàtum_, are all free flowering; flowers in spikes, very small; colour
+light and dark pink; blooms from April to July. S. _adnàtum_ is half
+herbaceous, and should, when growing, be kept nigh the glass, or it will
+be drawn, and the flowers become of a pale colour. They are all of easy
+cultivation.
+
+_Styphèlias_, seven species of very showy flowers, with mucronate
+leaves; corolla in a long tubular form, having several bundles of hairs
+in it; segments reflex and bearded. _S. tubiflòra_, crimson, _S.
+triflòra_, crimson and green; _S. adscéndens_, and _S. longifòlia_, are
+beautiful species. They grow freely, and should be well drained, as too
+much water is very hurtful to them. In summer they ought not to be much
+exposed to the hot sun, or the foliage will become brown.
+
+_Salpiglóssis_, four species of fine herbaceous Green-house plants,
+natives of Chili. The flowers are tubular and campanulate. _S. pícta_,
+flowers white and blue painted; _S. atropurpùrea_, flowers dark purple,
+and _S. isnuàta_, flowers crimson, are superb, and if planted in the
+garden during summer will flower profusely. They must be lifted in
+October, and taken under protection.
+
+_Tagètes lùcida_ is found in many of our collections. The leaves are
+simple, oblong, and finely serrated. When rubbed by the hand, they have
+an agreeable fragrance; the flowers are syngenesious, small, and in
+terminale bunches. It is herbaceous; and when about an inch grown should
+be divided and potted into five inch pots. Repot it again about the
+first of June. It keeps in flower from July to November.
+
+_Testudinària_, Elephant's foot, or Hottentot's bread, two species
+remarkable for their appearance. The root or bulb, if it may be so
+called, is of a conical shape, and divided into transverse sections.
+Those of one foot diameter are computed to be 150 years of age. It is a
+climbing herbaceous plant, with entire reniforme leaves of no beauty;
+flowers small; colour green. The pots must be well drained, for when the
+plant is inactive it is in danger of suffering from moisture, and ought
+not to get any water. _T. Elephántiphes_ and _T. montàna_ are the
+species, natives of the Cape of Good Hope, and require the warmest part
+of the house.
+
+_Táxus nucífera_, is the only species that requires protection, and
+bears a small acorn; flowers are trifling; an evergreen, with ovate,
+lanceolate foliage, thickly set on the wood; will grow in any situation.
+There is a plant in our collections known as _T. chinénsis_ or _T.
+elongáta_, which is _Podocárpus elongàtus_. It has lanceolate leaves,
+erect growing, and very hardy; flowers m[oe]onacious, and of no
+estimation except to the curious.
+
+_Telopèa speciosíssimus_, is the only species, and was once called
+_Embóthrium speciosíssimus_. It is now called _Telopèa_ in allusion to
+the brilliant crimson flowers, which from their great size are seen at a
+large distance, and which render it one of the most conspicuous
+productions of New South Wales. The leaves are oblong, deeply toothed,
+veiny, and smooth; wood strong; flower ovate, connate, and terminale,
+and of considerable duration. There ought to be a specimen of it in
+every collection. The pots must be well drained, and the plant in the
+extreme heat of summer not too much exposed to the sun.
+
+_Templetònia_, a very pretty genus, containing only two species. _T.
+retùsa_ is an erect growing shrub, with wedge-shaped green leaves. _T.
+gláuca_, leaves glacuous, blunt, and a little apiculate; flowers of both
+scarlet. They are leguminose plants of free growth, and should be well
+drained; blooming from April to June.
+
+_Tristànias_, seven species of evergreen shrubs. Several of them require
+to be very large before they flower. _T. neriifòlia_ is a very neat
+little plant, and flowers abundantly; colour yellow; shape star-like,
+and in clusters; leaves lanceolate and opposite. _T. conférta_, white
+flowers in spikes, leaves alternate. _T. suavèolens_, sweet-scented;
+flowers yellow. They are all of very easy culture.
+
+_Verbénas._ A few of these are showy, herbaceous, Green-house plants.
+_V. chamædryfòlia_, lately known as _V. Melíndres_, is a beautiful plant
+of a procumbent habit; flowers brilliant scarlet, in glomerated heads
+from the axils of the young shoots; blooming from April to October. A
+large plant will appear as a solid mass of scarlet. _V. lambértii_ and
+_V. pulchélla_ are also very pretty; colour, rose and lilac. A very good
+method of treating these plants, is, to plant them in the garden in
+April; and give them copious waterings in dry weather, and they will
+flower profusely, lifting some of the plants before frost, to preserve
+them during winter. They ought to be allowed to run according to their
+nature; for if tied up, they will not do so well, being in that way too
+much exposed. There is a plant known in our collections as _Verbéna
+triphylla_, which is _Aloysia citriodòra_. The flowers are in long
+spikes, very small, and pale purple. The celebrity of the plant is in
+the foliage, which is linear, lanceolate, ternate, and it has the most
+agreeable fragrance in the vegetable world. It is of very easy culture,
+and has been known to survive the winter, in open air, in Philadelphia.
+It is deciduous, and would do to plant in the garden during summer,
+lifting it again before frost, and putting it under protection through
+winter. When large before it begins to grow, in spring cut it into a
+neat shape or form.
+
+_Vibúrnums._ A few of these are very ornamental evergreen shrubs, and
+almost hardy. _V. tìnus_ is the well known Laurestine, (or what is
+commonly called Laurestinus,) is of the easiest culture; flowers small
+white, and in large flattened panicles; blooming from February to May,
+and universally esteemed. It will stand the winter by a little
+protection, but the flower buds being formed in the fall, the intense
+frost destroys them; consequently, it will not flower except by the
+buds, which sometimes form early in summer. _V. lùcidum_ is a good
+species, and superior in flower and foliage to the former, but does not
+flower so freely, when the plants are small. When they grow large, they
+flower profusely. There is a desirable variegated variety. _V.
+odoratíssimum_ has smooth evergreen, oblong, elliptic, distantly
+toothed, leaves, and frequently a stripe in them, is sweet-scented, and
+a free flowerer. _V. hirsútum_ has flowers similar to the above; foliage
+ovate, with rough brown hairs on both sides, and very characteristic.
+_V. stríctum variagàtum_ is a very fine variety, and upright growing.
+These plants are all very desirable, blooming early in spring, and
+continuing for several months; all easily cultivated.
+
+_Viminària denudàta_, the only species. This plant is remarkable for its
+twiggy appearance, but it has no foliage, except when growing from seed.
+It has at the extremity of the twigs or shoots, an ovate, lanceolate,
+leaf, disappearing when the plant grows old; the flowers are small,
+yellow, coming out of the young shoots, to the astonishment of the
+beholder. It grows freely.
+
+_Virgília capènsis_ is a beautiful cape shrub, with a compound leaf of
+twenty-five leaflets, ovate, lanceolate, edges hairy; flowers in spikes
+at the axils; colour blue and leguminose. The pots require to be well
+drained, and the plants protected from the sun.
+
+_Volkamèria japónica._ There is a plant known in our collections under
+that name, which is _Clerodéndron fràgrans múltiplex_. It keeps in a
+good Green-house, and flowers well, frequently blooming during winter,
+and if planted in the garden during summer, will flower superbly. The
+flowers have a delicious fragrance; but if the foliage is rubbed with
+the hand, the smell is not so pleasant. The leaves are large, round,
+ovate, and tomentose; flowers corymbose, compact, and terminale. There
+are several fine plants in _Clerodéndron_ belonging to the Hot-house.
+This plant will not bear much fumigation.
+
+_Witsènias_, four species. _W. corymbòsa_ is a plant that has stood in
+high estimation ever since it was known, but unfortunately there is a
+very inferior plant, _Aristèa cyànea_, got into our collections under
+that name. The panicles of _W. corymbòsa_ is quite smooth; those of
+_Aristèa_ are hairy, which is itself sufficient to detect them; but
+otherwise the appearance of _W. corymbòsa_ is much stronger, and more
+erect growing, not inclining to push at the roots so much as _Aristèa_.
+The foliage is lanceolate and amplexicaule, the leaves having much the
+nature and appearance of _Iris_. The plant is of easy culture, and
+blooms from November to April; colour fine blue. The true one has come
+into the country lately. _W. ramòsa_ is a very fine species, similar to
+the above; flowers yellow and blue; plant branching.
+
+_Westríngias_, a genus of four species, very like the common _Rosemary_.
+_W. rosmarinifórmis_, leaves lanceolate, and silvery beneath; _W.
+longifòlia_ is similar; both have small white silvery flowers, and are
+easily cultivated.
+
+_Zàmias_, about twenty species, eight of which belong to this
+compartment. The foliage is greatly admired, and is in large fronds,
+with oblique, lanceolate leaflets. Several of them glaucous. It bears
+heads of flowers of a brown colour in the centre of the plant, very like
+large pine cones. _Z. hórrida_, the finest, _Z. púngens_, _Z. spíralis_,
+and _Z. latifòlia_, are the most conspicuous. They must be kept in the
+warmest part of the Green-house; and give them large well drained pots.
+They are imported from the Cape of Good Hope. All the plants herein
+named requiring to be drained. In preparing the pots, place first a
+piece of broken pot, or any similar substitute, with the convex side on
+the hole of the pot, and then put in a few, or a handful, (according to
+the size of the pot,) of shivers of broken pots, or round gravel, about
+the size of garden pease. Those that we have mentioned in this
+_Repotting_, as to be done in this, or beginning of next month, is not
+intended to apply to plants in general, large and small, but to those
+that are young, and require encouragement, or to those that were not
+shifted last autumn. The roots must not be disturbed, but the ball
+turned out entire; and put as much earth as will raise the ball within
+about an inch of the rim of the pot. Press the earth down around it with
+a thin-narrow piece of wood, frequently shaking it that no vacancy may
+be left. If the roots are rotten, or otherwise injured, take all such
+off. If this be the case, the plant will be sickly. Give it a new pot of
+a smaller size, administering water moderately until there are visible
+signs of fresh growth. The plants must not be disturbed while flowering;
+let the repotting be done afterwards. Plants are, at certain stages of
+growth, if in good health, in such a state that no one can err in
+shifting them when desirous to hasten their growth. Those plants that
+make two or more growths during the summer may be repotted in the
+interim of any of these growths, and all others just before they begin
+to push in the spring; that is, when the wood buds are perceptibly
+swelled. Never saturate with water fresh potted plants. There are many
+kinds that, without injury, could be repotted when growing; but it
+requires an experienced operator to decide. It would be of no material
+service to enumerate them here. When done potting, tie all up neatly
+with stakes rather higher than the plant, that the new shoots may be
+tied thereto during their stage of growth, to prevent them from being
+destroyed by the wind. There may be many that do not require repotting,
+but would be benefited by a top-dressing. This should be done by probing
+off all the surface earth down to the roots, replacing it with fresh
+compost, suitable to the nature of the plant.
+
+When the above is done, arrange all the plants in proper order, and
+syringe them clean; but if there are any of the Green-fly, they must be
+fumigated previous to syringing. Take an opportunity, on the first fine
+day, to wash out all the pavement of the house, which should be made dry
+before the evening if the nights are cold. Thus every part of the house
+will be in order before the hurry of the garden commences.
+
+
+OF ENARCHING OR GRAFTING BY APPROACH, _also termed_ ABLACTATION.
+
+In this method of grafting, the scion is not separated from the parent
+plant until it is firmly united with the stock; consequently, they must
+stand contiguously. We intend the following method to apply directly to
+_Caméllias_, as they are the principal plants in the Green-house that
+are thus worked. The criterion for the operation is, just as the plants
+begin to grow, either in spring or mid-summer. Place the stock
+contiguous to the plant where the graft or enarch is to be taken from.
+If the branches, where the intended union is to take place, do not grow
+at equal heights, a slight stage may be erected to elevate the pot that
+holds the lower. Take the branch that is to be enarched, (the wood of
+last or previous year is the most proper,) and bring it in contact with
+the stock; mark the parts where they are to unite, so as to form a
+pointed arch. In that part of the branch which is to rest against the
+stock, pare off the bark and part of the wood to about two or three
+inches in length, and in the side of the stock which is to receive the
+graft, do the same, that the inside rind of each may be exactly
+opposite, which is the first part where a union will take place. Bind
+them firmly and neatly together with strands of Russia matting, and
+protect the joint from the air by a coat of close composition; clay of
+the consistency of thick paint, turpentine, or wax, will equally answer.
+Finish by fastening the grafted branch to the head of the stock or a
+rod. Many practitioners make a slit or tongue into the enarch and stock,
+but we find it unnecessary, more tedious, and likewise more danger in
+breaking. _Caméllias_ are also grafted, and budded, but these two
+operations require great experience and continued attention, and seldom
+prove so successful as enarching. When they have perfectly taken, which
+will be after the first growth is over, begin to separate them by
+cutting the scion a little at three different periods, about a week
+apart, separating it at the third time. If the head is intended to be
+taken off the stock, do it in like manner after the second growth is
+over. By the above method, many kinds can be grown on the same stock.
+The same plan applies to all evergreens.
+
+
+
+
+=Flower Garden.=
+
+_MARCH._
+
+
+It is expected that all the pruning is finished. If not, get all
+expeditiously done, according to directions given in the preceding
+months, likewise all digging, and that which was dug in the autumn,
+point over, or half dig, that all may have a neat appearance. This must
+not be done when the ground is too much imbibed with moisture, as that
+would harden the soil. Break it well with the spade, leaving it one or
+two days before the surface is raked smooth, that all may be ready to
+receive the seeds or plants that are intended to be sown or planted. As
+soon as the frost is entirely gone, uncover all plants or shrubs that
+have been protected; preserving carefully such articles as will answer
+the same purpose next year. The frost disappears generally from the
+middle to the end of this month. Cut off all decayed shoots, or such as
+have been hurt by the frost. The _Lagerstræmias_ will flower in greater
+perfection if they are cut closely; that is, where the wood of last year
+is cut to within a few eyes of the wood of the previous year, at the
+same time having regard to the shape that the plant is required to take.
+Cut off the injured part of any of the evergreens that have had their
+foliage much injured by the severity of winter, leaving the part that is
+green, which is essential to the support of these kinds of plants.
+
+Such work as can be done in this month, should not be delayed, such as
+hoeing, digging, raking, and clearing away all decayed leaves, and
+litter of every description that have been brought or blown in the
+garden, during autumn or winter.
+
+
+BOX EDGINGS
+
+May be planted any time this month, or beginning of next, which in most
+seasons will be preferable. We will give a few simple directions how to
+accomplish the work. In the first place, dig over the ground deeply
+where the edging is intended to be planted, breaking the soil fine, and
+keeping it to a proper height, viz. about one inch higher than the side
+of the walk; but the taste of the operator will best decide according to
+the situation. Rake the surface even, and tread it down with the feet,
+or beat it with the spade. Where it gives most, continue to add, keeping
+the surface at the desired height. If the edging is to be in a direct
+line, either on a level or inclined plane, you may be correctly and
+simply regulated by making the desired level at each end of the line.
+Take three rods about four feet long each, having a piece of one foot
+to cross at one end, two of these pieces painted black, the other white.
+Have a black one at each end of the line on the level, take the white
+one for the centre, going along the line, and about every twenty feet,
+level a spot to the exact height, which will be seen by looking over the
+top of the rods from one end. Having found the level, drive in a peg to
+it, so that no mistake may occur; beat and level between them, leaving a
+smooth surface. This being done, strain the line, and with the spade
+proceed to cut out the trench perpendicularly on the side next the walk,
+six, eight, ten, or twelve inches deep, according to the length of the
+plants. Afterwards take the plants, and cut the tops even, with the
+knife or shears, at the same time shortening the roots. Then with the
+left hand next the line, plant forward, keeping the tops of the plants
+level, and from one to two inches above ground, keeping the plants close
+according to the required thickness. Put in the earth as you proceed,
+and tread it firm, then rake the surface even, and with the spade beat
+it smooth. If the weather sets in very dry, the box will be the better
+of a few waterings. Sometimes boxwood is planted without roots, but it
+seldom gives satisfaction; not growing equally.
+
+
+TENDER ANNUALS.
+
+When it is wished to have any of these flower early, if they were not
+sown as directed last month, on a hotbed, let it be done early in this.
+Those that were sown and now growing freely, must have plenty of air.
+In fine days the sashes may be taken off a few hours about mid-day; and
+where the plants are too thick, thin them out a few inches apart, that
+the air may circulate amongst them. Have another bed ready to transplant
+them into about the end of this or beginning of next month. When
+transplanted, sprinkle them with water, and shade them with mats from
+the sun, one or two days. By this treatment they will be much stronger
+for planting into the borders, about the first of May. For the different
+kinds, see list.
+
+
+HARDY ANNUALS
+
+May be sown in the borders about the end of the month, when the ground
+is prepared, and the weather fine, but avoid it at all times if the
+earth will not pulverise properly. The neatest and most expeditious
+method is to take a rod about one foot long, and one inch in diameter,
+rounding at the end, with which end draw a circle of nine inches
+diameter, from one inch to one eighth of an inch deep, according to the
+size of the seeds. Many very small seeds will grow best if sown on the
+surface of fine mould. When sown, cover in with the back of the rake,
+placing a small twig, or a tally with the name, in the centre of the
+circle, to prevent mistakes, either in sowing, planting, or hoeing. When
+they come above ground, the first moist day should be taken to pull up
+such as are too crowded. Annuals are generally too delicate to bear
+transplanting, therefore they ought always to be sown where they are
+intended to remain. A few kinds do best with removing, such as Balsam,
+Mary-gold, China Aster, Stockgilly, and several others of a free
+growing, strong-wooded nature. Annuals are such plants as grow from
+seed, flower, and perfect their productions, and then die, within one
+year. For hardy sorts, see list. Sow in rows or fancy spots the
+varieties of sweet pea.
+
+
+BIENNIALS
+
+Are such as are of two years' duration. Being sown this year they
+flower, seed, or fruit next year, and soon after decay. The seeds should
+be sown about the end of this or beginning of next month, either in the
+spot where they are intended to remain, or in a compartment by
+themselves, regularly marked, and transplanted when convenient. When
+they appear above ground, thin them out distinctly, that when they are
+to be removed, a little earth may adhere to them; and if put where they
+are to stand, leave only three plants.
+
+
+PERENNIALS.
+
+In every Flower-garden there ought to be a good selection of these
+plants. They are lasting ornaments, and when judiciously selected, will
+give yearly gratification. In making a choice, a view should be had to
+have those that flower abundantly, are of free growth, beauty, and
+continuation of flower. It would go beyond our limits, to give an
+extensive description of any, but a few remarks on some of the finest,
+with their names, are indispensable.
+
+_Adònis vernális_, is a fine border flower, and will grow in any common
+soil; flowers large, yellow rayed, having in the rays about twelve
+petals; leaves much divided, bloom in April and May.
+
+_Anemóne_, Wind-flower. Several fine species, with flowers from one to
+three inches in diameter. _A. Hallèri_, blue; _A. pulsatìlla_, blue
+pasque flower; _A. alpìna_, large white. These are fine plants, and are
+now given to a genus called _Pulsatìlla_. _A. palmàta flòre-plèno_,
+yellow; _A. stellàta versícolor_, various coloured; _A. pavonìna
+flòre-plèno_, scarlet; _A. narcissiflòra_, white. Any of these are very
+desirable.
+
+_Antirrhìnums_, Snap-dragon. All the varieties of _A. màjus_ are
+esteemed in the flower borders; the pure white and bright red are very
+showy. A few of the species, _A. mólle_ and _A. sículum_, where there is
+variety required, deserve a situation. The flowers are all large, and
+similar to the snout of an animal.
+
+_Asclèpias._ The finest of this genus are native plants, and are highly
+esteemed in Europe, but frequently rejected with us, because "they are
+wild plants." _A. tuberòsa_ has beautiful orange flowers, and delight in
+dry situations. _A. rùbra_, _A. nívea_, _A. purpuráscens_; and _A.
+incarnàta_, are the finest of the family. It is best to plant _A.
+tuberòsa_ in October.
+
+_Aconítums_, Wolfs'-bane, one hundred and twenty-eight distinct species,
+with several varieties. Many of them are of consequence and beauty; the
+flower stems rise from one and a half to six feet upright, and strong,
+furnished with many palmate and digitate leaves, terminated by spikes of
+blue, yellow, or white flowers, similar to a hood; hence the name of
+Monk's Hood is often applied to them. They are scarce in collections,
+but in a few years we have no doubt but many of them will be plentiful.
+The finest species are _A. speciòsum_, _A. anthòra_, _A. neúrbergensis_,
+_A. amænum_, _A. napéllus_, _A. venústum_, _A. zoóctonum_, _A.
+pyramidàle_, _A. lycóctonum_, _A. albùm_, and _A. versícolor_. They
+flower from May to September, and will grow in any common garden soil.
+The roots of _A. napéllus_ are like small turnips, and are said to be
+poisonous.
+
+_Cáltha palústris flòre-plèno_ is a good border plant, delights in moist
+situations, has large cordate, crenated leaves; flowers double yellow;
+blooming from April till June; and is a desirable plant.
+
+_Béllis perénnis horténsis_, Daisy. We might almost say with another,
+"every one knows the Daisy." It is named from being pretty, and is
+perfectly hardy, though generally kept under cover. They delight to have
+a shaded situation during summer, to protect them from the sun, which,
+as it were, scorches the roots. There are many double varieties in the
+gardens, which flower early. The one called _Crown_, or _Carnation_
+Daisy, is twice the size of the common varieties, and has white and red
+petals alternately, and very double. Loamy soil, inclined to moisture,
+is best adapted to their growth.
+
+_Campánulas._ This genus affords many very ornamental plants for the
+Flower-garden and Shrubbery, and they flower superbly during the summer,
+agreeing better with our climate than with that of Europe. Several have
+two successions of flowers, _C. persicifòlia álba plèna_; _C.
+persicifòlia cærùlea plèno_; _C. urticifòlia_, white. Of this last there
+is also a double variety. _C. speciòsa_; _C. glomerata_; _C.
+versícolor_; with several others, are worthy of a situation in every
+garden. Their roots are strong, fleshy, and fibrous. They are easy of
+culture, and will retain their situation in the severest of our winters.
+_C. grandiflòra_ is now _Wahlenbérgia grandiflòra_. It has fine blue
+large flowers; the flower stems are slender, and should be supported as
+soon as they grow.
+
+_Cheiránthus Chéiri vulgàris_ is the common garden Wall-flower. There
+are about ten varieties of it, all admired for their various colours and
+agreeable odour. The common variety survives the mildest of our winters.
+The most esteemed variety is _Hæmánthus_, Double bloody. They should all
+be protected by a frame. _C. mutábilis_ is a beautiful species; it has
+many shades of colour from lilac to dark purple. The flowers are on
+extending racemose spikes; blooming from April to June; it requires a
+light rich soil; is a half shrubby evergreen plant.
+
+_Chelònes._ This genus belongs entirely to this continent, and possesses
+many fine species. It is a matter of astonishment that they are not more
+cultivated and sought for in our collections. _C. glábra_; _C. oblíqua_;
+_C. barbàta_; _C. atropurpùrea_; _C. pulchélla_; _C. venústa_; and _C.
+speciòsa_; are all handsome, and flower from May to September; corolla
+large, ringent; ventricose flowers in spikes or panicles.
+
+_Chrysánthemums._ There are few of this genus of any consequence as
+herbaceous plants, except the varieties of _C. sinénse_, of which there
+are about fifty, all desirable; but in small gardens, where there is a
+deficiency in room, the following are select in colour and quality:
+_Tubulòsum álbum_, quilled white; _supérbum_, superb white; _díscolor_,
+large lilac; _fúlvum_, Spanish brown; _atropurpùreum_, early crimson;
+_involùtum_, curled lilac; _fasciculàtum_, superb cluster yellow;
+_serotìnum_, late pale purple; _papyràceum_, paper white; _Waratáh_,
+yellow Waratah; _versícolor_, two-coloured red; _stellàtum_, starry
+purple; _verecúndum_, early blush; and _mutábile_, changeable pale buff.
+To grow these in perfection, they require rich light soil; and about the
+end of this month the roots should be lifted, divided, and planted into
+fresh soil, either by giving them a new situation, or changing the earth
+they were in. Two or three stems together are quite sufficient. The
+flowers, by the above treatment, will be much larger, more double, and
+finer in colour; where they are wanted to grow low and bushy, top them
+in June, but not later than the first of July. Where the soil is rich,
+and the plant having only one stem, by topping it, makes a beautiful
+bush. They are in flower from the first of October until severe frost;
+thus beautifying our gardens at a season when they would be destitute of
+one single attraction. If the season is dry, to water them with liquid
+manure will add to their vigour. They are all natives of China, and
+greatly esteemed by the Chinese, who only allow a few blooms to come out
+on the top of each stem, thereby having the flowers much finer.
+
+_Clématis_, Virgin's-bower. A few species are good herbaceous plants, of
+upright growth, and blue flowers, _C. integrifòlia_; _C. angustifòlia_;
+and _C. erécta_; they grow best in light soil.
+
+_Coreópsis_, chiefly native plants, and free-flowering; colour
+principally yellow; flowers rayed. _C. tenuifòlia_, _C. verticilláta_,
+_C. díscolor_, and _C. trípteris_, are the finest of the genus, and will
+grow in any common garden soil.
+
+_Delphínums._ There are some showy border flowers of these, of strong
+growth. The leaves are much divided; the flowers in terminale spikes;
+colour blue, purple, red, white and yellow, with various shades. _D.
+grandiflòrum_, with its varieties, are the best of the genus. _D.
+intermèdium_, and its varieties, _D. elátum_, Bee Larkspur, from the
+ringent part of the flower being very like a bee, and _D. montánum_, are
+good varieties, and easily cultivated. When the plants become large,
+they ought to be divided, and planted in fresh soil. They are in bloom
+from May to September.
+
+_Diánthus._ Some of the species of this genus are the most prominent of
+the Flower-garden, not only for their beauty, but also their fragrance,
+which is peculiarly grateful, especially in the well known and
+celebrated pink and carnation, with the Sweet-william, which was
+esteemed, in the days of old, "for its beauty to deck up the bosoms of
+the beautiful, and garlands and crowns for pleasure." The finest
+species are _D. barbàtus_, and _D. barbàtus plèno_, Sweet-william; _D.
+discolor_; _D. chinènsis_; _D. alpínus_, _D. supérbus_; _D.
+caryophyllus_, from which have originated the Picotee and the Carnation;
+_D. plumàrius_, from which originated the Double Pink; _D. fràgrans_ and
+_D. supérbus_. Several of these, although they will stand the severest
+cold, have to be protected in frames during winter, to have them in the
+perfection of beauty. For the character of a Pink and Carnation, see
+_May_.
+
+_Dictámnus._ Two species of this genus, _D. fraxinélla_ and _D. álbus_,
+have been cultivated and esteemed upwards of two hundred and forty
+years. A plant of the first of these species, when gently rubbed, emits
+an odour like that of lemon-peel; and when bruised emits a balsamic
+scent, which is strongest in the pedicles of the flowers. They have
+glands of a rusty colour, that exude a viscid juice, or resin, which
+exhales in vapour, and in a dark place may be seen to take fire. Its
+flowers are red, those of the other white, in loose terminale spikes;
+the flower has five petals, clawed and unequal, with glandular dots; in
+bloom from May to July; delights in sandy loam.
+
+_Dodecàtheon._ This is a native genus, and commonly called American
+cowslip. The generic term, a name of the Romans, signifying twelve gods
+or divinities, is applied with great absurdity to a plant, a native of a
+world the Romans never saw nor had any idea of, neither resembling, in
+any particular, the poetical fancy of their writers. The most admired
+species is _D. mèdia_; the flowers are in umbels, on a pedicle, from six
+to twelve inches high; the corolla is rotata reflexa, colour light
+purple, bottom of petals lake and yellow; blooming in May. The white
+variety is very much esteemed, and surpasses the preceding. The ground
+is pure white, the bottom of the petals the same as the other. There is
+also a spotted variety found on the banks of the Missouri. They delight
+in brown loam, a half shady situation, inclining to moisture. The
+foliage soon decays after flowering.
+
+_Digitàlis_, Fox-glove, about forty species of annuals and herbaceous
+plants. A few are cultivated in the flower borders, and are very showy.
+These are D. _leucophæa_, D. _ferrugínea_, D. _ochroleùca_, large
+yellow; and D. _purpuráscens_; and are good species. D. _purpúrea_ and
+D. _álba_, are very conspicuous biennials; the flowers are solitary, and
+in long spikes; the corolla of D. _purpúrea_ is campanulate, ventricose,
+and ringent; the interior is spotted, and is considered the finest of
+the genus. Delights in poor soil, with a little shade.
+
+_Eupatóriums._ These generally are native plants, not worthy of notice
+here, except for two species. _E. c[oe]lestínum_ has syngenesious
+flowers in flattened panicles, colour fine light blue, blooming from
+September to November, desirable for its beauty at that season. _E.
+aromàticum_ may be cultivated for its spicy odour; flowers white, in
+loose terminale panicles; blooming from August to October. Either of
+them will grow in common soil.
+
+_Gentiánas_, a genus of very showy plants, and flower in great
+abundance. The flowers are tubular and inflated; colour generally blue.
+A few species are yellow, and some white; flowers in whorls, terminale,
+or solitary. They grow best in a light rich soil. _G. lútea_, _G.
+purpúrea_, _G. septémfida_. _G. acaúlis_ is a pretty dwarf growing
+species, and often used as edgings in flower compartments; the flower
+dark and light blue; interior of the corolla spotted; has a succession
+of flower from April to June. We have no doubt of it succeeding in our
+gardens, but not being plentiful, it has not been perfectly tried. A few
+years will exhibit it in abundance. _G. imbricàta_ and _G. conférta_.
+They are all fine exotics, but many of them may give place to our native
+species, such as _G. Catesbæí_; _G. ochroleúca_; _G. incarnàta_; with
+several others, and _G. crinàta_, which is a biennial, and finely
+fringed; colour light blue.
+
+_Gèum._ There are only two species that are worth cultivation, viz. _G.
+quéllyon_, once _G. coccíneum_; and _G. hybridum_. _G. urbànum_ is
+sometimes cultivated for its roots, which, when chewed, sweeten the
+breath. They are all of easy culture. _G. quéllyon_ flowers from May to
+October, and is a very desirable small plant for the borders, and much
+esteemed in Europe.
+
+_Hemerocállis_, Day Lily; two species, _H. fúlva_ and _H. gramínea_,
+flower well, and are remarkable among the border flowers for their large
+yellow or copper coloured corollas, some of them about six inches
+diameter; bloom from May to July, and will grow in almost any soil.
+There is a plant known in our gardens as _H. cærùlea_, which is _Fúnkia
+cærùlea_, and has a campanulate corolla, with a cylindrical tube;
+flowers in spikes; leaves ovate, accuminate.
+
+_Hibíscus._ There are several herbaceous species very showy and
+handsome, _H. palústris_; _H. ròseus_; _H. militàris_; _H. speciòsus_;
+_H. grandiflòrus_; and _H. púngens_. They grow best in moist situations,
+and where these are not to be had, give them plenty of water, and plant
+in sandy soil enriched with decayed leaves. The flowers are about six
+inches in diameter, flowering up the stem, either solitary or in small
+bunches. _H. speciòsus_ is the most splendid, and deserves a situation
+in every garden. The roots in winter ought to be covered by litter, tan,
+or saw dust; but a better method is to lift them, and put them in the
+cellar, covered with dry earth, and kept from the frost. All the above
+mentioned species are improved by being protected during winter.
+
+_Iris_, Flower-de-luce, has many fine species of various shades and
+colours, _I. subiflòra_, _I. nepalénsis_, _I. Pallàsii_, _I. pállida_,
+_I. cristàta_, _I. arenària_, _I. furcàta_, _I. germánica_, _I.
+florentìna_, _I. vérna_, and _I. susiàna_. The last is the finest of the
+herbaceous species; the flowers are striped, blue, brown, and spotted;
+but we are not certain if it will stand the severity of our winters. The
+roots of _I. florentìna_ is the orrice root of the druggists. They are
+all of easy culture in any loamy soil inclining to moisture. The bulbous
+species will be treated of in _September_ or _October_. Corolla
+six-petaled, three erect, and three reclined alternately; proceeding
+from spathes or sheaths with flowers in succession.
+
+_Lìatris_ is a genus of native plants, containing several fine species,
+_L. squarròsa_, large purple heads of beautiful flowers; _L. élegans_;
+_L. paniculàta_. _L. macróstachya_, now _L. spicàta_, is a fine large
+growing species. They have syngenesious purple flowers in long close
+spikes, differing from other spiked flowering genera by blooming first
+at the extremity. They grow best in strong heavy soil.
+
+_Lychnis._ Three species are very desirable in the flower borders. _L.
+chalcedónica_ has bright scarlet crowned flowers; the double scarlet
+variety is splendid. There is also a double white variety, _L. fúlgens_
+and _L. flós-jòvis_. They ought to be frequently lifted, and planted
+afresh, or they will dwindle to nothing. The best time is when they
+begin to grow. There is a plant known in our collections as _Lychnis
+flós-cucùla_, which is now _Agrostéma flós-cucùla_; it is a fine and
+showy border plant with double red flowers. They delight in a light
+sandy rich soil.
+
+_Lythrums._ A few species flower well, and have small pink blossoms in
+great profusion, _L. alàtum_, _L. virgàtum_, _L. diffùsum_, and _L.
+lanceolàtum_. They will grow in any common garden soil if not too much
+shaded; and flower from June to September.
+
+_Mimùlus_, Monkey-flower. A few species may be cultivated. They will
+grow in any soil or situation. _M. lùteus_ and _M. rivulàris_ are the
+best. _M. moschàtus_ has a very strong musk scent, to many agreeable. We
+think it will prove hardy. The two former have large gaping flowers, of
+a gold yellow, and beautifully spotted with purple in the interior.
+
+_Monárdas_, a fine native genus and showy. The foliage of several of the
+species is aromatic, and resembles mint. _M. dídyma_ has long scarlet
+ringent flowers, in headed whorls; _M. kalmiana_, flowers very long,
+and a beautiful crimson, with fragrant leaves. _M. Russelliana_ has red
+and white flowers; curious and handsome. _M. punctata_ has yellow and
+red flowers; they grow in any common soil.
+
+_Mathíola_, is the generic of the Stock-gilly. None of them will survive
+severe winters; yet many of them are indispensable in the Flower-garden.
+_M. simplicicáulis_, Brompton-stock, and its varieties; with _M.
+incàna_, Queen-stock, and its varieties, require the protection of a
+good frame in winter, and about the end of this month, or beginning of
+next, plant them in good light rich soil to flower, which they will do
+all summer, if attended to with frequent supplies of water. _M. ánnua_
+has about sixteen varieties, valuable for flowering the first year from
+seed, and are all annuals. They ought to be sown on a gentle hot-bed
+about the first of this month, and carefully pricked out so as they may
+be ready to transplant about the end of April or the first of May. Plant
+them in light rich soil, and they will flower profusely through the
+season; if it is very dry, they must be watered to keep them growing.
+The scarlet, white, and purple varieties are the finest; but there are
+many intermediate sorts all handsome. _M. glàbra_ is the Wall-flower
+leaved stock, and requires the same treatment as the two former. There
+are about eight varieties of this, all various in colour. In planting
+any of these into the open ground, choose cloudy weather, except they
+have been in pots; in such case, plant at any time in beds, keeping each
+kind separate.
+
+_[OE]nothèras._ The most of them are indigenous, and in Europe they
+afford a continual ornament to the Flower-garden from April to
+November, but in our gardens they are entirely neglected. By rejecting
+these and many others, our Flower-gardens are deprived both of much
+beauty and interest they might easily possess. These plants delight in
+light rich soil. _[OE]. odoràta_, sweet scented; _[OE]. macrocárpa_;
+_[OE]. mèdia_; _[OE]. latiflòra_; _[OE]. Frazèri_; _[OE]. speciòsa_; and
+_[OE]. pállida_; are all fine native herbaceous plants, mostly with
+large yellow four-petaled corollas; in bloom from April to September.
+There are several of them beautiful annual and biennial plants. For the
+finest, see list.
+
+_Phlóx_, another American genus, and one of the most handsome in
+cultivation. It consists of elegant border flowers, valuable for
+flowering early, and more so for blossoming late in autumn. While the
+majority of plants blooming late in the season are generally
+syngenesious, with yellow flowers, these delight us with their lively
+colours of purple, red, and white. A collection of them properly
+attended to, would of themselves constitute a beautiful flower garden.
+It will be difficult to state which are the finest, but the following
+are select varieties: P. _paniculàta_; P. _acuminàta_; P. _intermèdia_;
+P. _odoràta_; P. _pyramidàlis_; with _pyramidàlis álba_, which is
+splendid; P. _suavèolens_; P. _refléxa_; P. _stolonífera_; P. _pilòsa_;
+P. _divaricàta_; P. _nivàlis_; and P. _subulàta_. In the spring of 1831,
+an eminent British collector[A] exclaimed, on seeing a patch of P.
+_subulàta_ in one of the pine barrens of New Jersey, "The beauty of that
+alone is worth coming to America to see, it is so splendid." Most of the
+species delight in a rich light sandy loam. When the plants become
+large, they ought to be divided, and planted in fresh ground.
+
+[A] Mr. Drummond.
+
+_Prímulas_, Primrose. To this genus belong the celebrated _Cowslip_,
+_Oxlip_, _Primrose_, and the esteemed _Aurícula_. The double varieties
+of Primrose have originated from _P. vulgàris_. These are such as carry
+their flowers on separate pedicles, rising from the root on a small
+stem. The double varieties are desirable for their beauty, but require
+the protection of a frame during winter. They are in colour red, white,
+yellow, lilac, purple, and crimson. P. _elàtior_ is the Oxlip, from
+which all the _Polyánthuses_ have been grown. They are in variety
+innumerable, and are those whose flowers are in umbels, on a scape or
+flower-stalk, rising from three to nine inches. The rules for judging of
+their merits are wholly artificial, agreed on from time to time by
+Florists. The one that is the leading beauty this year would in a few
+years be far in the rear. The principal character is that the corolla is
+not notched or fringed; the colours pure and distinct, not running into
+one another; the tube small; the eye round, and a little prominent.
+Being surrounded with white, and the ground purple, is a fine character.
+P. _aurícula_. From this the highly esteemed varieties have originated.
+The cultivated _aurícula_ has many admirers, both for its exquisite
+beauty and fragrance. For the criterion of a fine flower see _May_.
+There are several other species worthy of a situation, such as P.
+_cortusoídes_, P. _dentiflòra_, P. _suavèolens_, P. _decòra_, with P.
+_scótica_ and P. _farinòsa_, both small neat species. A shady situation
+agrees best with them; and they require loamy soil, free from any kind
+of manure, except it be fully decomposed. The leaves of P. _vèris_ are
+recommended for feeding silk worms.
+
+_Potentíllas._ We mention this genus here as affording several free
+flowering dwarf plants; not as being certain that any of the most
+desired species will withstand our winters, being natives of Nepaul;
+but, from the character of the plant, we think that they are adapted to
+bear severe cold. They are similar to the strawberry in habit and
+appearance. P. _nepalénsis_, or _formòsa_, has rose-coloured flowers; P.
+_atropurpùrea_; P. _Russelliàna_, scarlet; P. _Hopwoodiàna_, rose and
+scarlet; and P. _spléndens_, yellow, with superb leaves. These are the
+finest of the genus, and flower from May to September. It will be well
+to protect them in a frame with the Carnations; they delight in light
+soil.
+
+_Saponària officinàlis_, and _S. O. plèna_, are fine free-flowering
+dwarf plants; the colour is pink in both double and single varieties.
+The roots run under ground, and care should be taken to keep them within
+bounds: they flower from June till October. _S. cæspitòsa_ is a neat
+growing species of a rose colour. They will grow in any soil.
+
+_Silène._ Several of this genus are popular annuals, but the herbaceous
+species are very indifferent. _S. viscósa_ and S. _viscósa flòre plèna_,
+are frequently cultivated for their beauty; they will grow well if not
+too much shaded.
+
+_Saxífraga_, above one hundred species. Many of them are beautiful
+plants for rock-work. They are regardless of cold, but will not
+generally withstand much moisture. A few of them are highly deserving a
+situation in any garden. _S. hirsùtum_, and _S. crassifòlia_, are used
+in some countries for tanning. _S. granulàta multipléx_ has fine
+double-white flowers, and is desirable. _S. umbròsa_, London-pride,
+makes a beautiful edging for a flower border; the flowers are small, but
+on close examination its colours are unrivalled. It is vulgarly called,
+"none so pretty." _S. sarmentòsa_ is kept in the Green-house, but is
+perfectly hardy, and makes a fine plant in a shaded situation. We have
+no doubt but it would make a good fancy edging. _S. pulchélla_, straw
+coloured, and _S. pyramidàlis_; these are all easily cultivated; and
+flower in spikes from May to July.
+
+_Spiræas._ A few species are showy plants, and continue flowering from
+May to September. _S. ulmària múltiplex_, Meadow-sweet, has sweet
+scented white flowers, in long dense spikes. _S. Filipéndula múltiplex_,
+Drop-wort, double white. _S. lobàta_ is a native, and has fine rose
+coloured flowers, in June and July; these are the finest of the
+herbaceous species, and will grow in any common garden soil.
+
+_Státice_, Thrift. A genus containing many fine herbaceous plants, only
+a few of them are common in collections. The finest of them are scarce,
+and said to be "bad to cultivate." _S. vulgàris_, once _Armèria
+vulgàris_, is the most valuable plant for an edging, next to box, that
+the Flower-garden is possessed of, and does extremely well in our
+climate, flowering in great profusion from May to July. When done
+flowering, the stems should be cut off. The foliage is an agreeable
+evergreen; the plant increases rapidly, and in a few years may be
+planted to a great extent. _S. speciòsa_ has red flowers, crowded in
+spreading panicles. _S. tatàrica_ has also very showy flowers, and is
+now given to the genus _Taxànthema_. _S. latifòlia_ and _S. maritìma_
+are the finest. _T. latifòlia_ and _T. conspícua_ deserve attention.
+They should be lifted every alternate year, and sunk deeper into the
+soil, because they incline to grow out, and are sometimes during summer
+killed by the drought. Hence they are said to be "bad to cultivate."
+
+_Tróllius europæus_, and _T. asiàticus_, are fine border plants, with
+large yellow semi-double flowers; the petals are much cupped, which
+causes the flowers to have a globular appearance. They are easily grown
+in any loamy soil, and flower from May to July. Few flowers have the
+curious globular character which these have.
+
+_Verónica_, Speed-well. This genus consists of about one hundred and
+twenty species of herbaceous plants, besides several varieties. The
+flowers are in long close spikes, either white, flesh coloured, or blue;
+they are generally of the latter colour. Above sixty species are equally
+fine, and being generally of the same character, the Catalogue at the
+end of this work will contain the best selection that we can make. Very
+few of them are in the collections of the country, although they are
+very showy, and flower from June to August. They will grow in any soil,
+but will not flourish where they are much shaded. _V. officinàlis_ has
+been used in Germany and Sweden as a substitute for tea. Some prefer _V.
+chamædrys_ for the same purpose.
+
+_Valerìanas._ Several species are showy border plants, with small
+flowers in large close flattened panicles. _V. dioíca_ is remarkable for
+having the stamens and pistils in separate flowers, situated on
+different plants; the flowers are of a blush colour, and the roots when
+planted must be protected from the cats, for they are delighted with
+them, and scrape them up. _V. phù_, a large growing species with white
+flowers; and _V. rùbra_, with its varieties, are the finest of the
+genus. They are now given to _Centrànthus_. They are all of easy culture
+in common garden earth, but preferring moist shady situations. In flower
+from May to September.
+
+_Vìola_, a genus consisting of upwards of eighty species, of low pretty
+plants, of great diversity of colour and foliage. Many of them are
+natives, and well worth a situation in our gardens. They mostly delight
+in sandy loam, and a little shade. A few of the species grow in moist
+situations. The most esteemed varieties for fragrance are, _V. odoràta
+purpúrea plèna_, double purple, with _V. odoràta àlba plèna_, double
+white. They flower very early, and make good edgings where they are kept
+in order; flowering profusely from April to June, and flowering again in
+autumn.
+
+_Yúcca_, Adam's-needle. This is a very showy and ornamental genus; their
+character forming a picturesque contrast in the Flower-garden; foliage
+long, narrow, lanceolate, and stiff; with white companulate flowers,
+about two inches in diameter, in conical spikes from two to four feet
+long, arising from the centre of the plant, containing frequently from
+two to four hundred florets. They are principally native plants. _Y.
+strícta_ is the freest flowerer. _Y. supérba_; _Y. aloifòlia_; _Y._
+_angustifòlia_, _Y. acuminàta_, _Y. serrulàta_, and _Y. filamentòsa_,
+are all fine species, and will grow in any common soil. When in flower,
+if protected from the sun by an awning, they will be of considerable
+duration. There are variegated varieties of _Strícta_, _Aloifòlia_, and
+_Serrulàta_, which look very handsome in foliage, but are at present
+very rare, and it will be a number of years before they are plentiful.
+There ought at least to be one specimen of some of the free-flowering
+species in every garden.
+
+Having given the names and characters of a few herbaceous plants, all or
+most of them easily obtained, many of them extremely handsome, and such
+as agree best with transplanting at this season of the year; for several
+others, such as _Pæònias_, or any other strong fibrous or bulbous
+sorts, see _September_ and _October_. Where they are in pots, they can
+be planted at any time, the weather permitting, provided the ball of
+earth is not broken. But where they are only to be removed, the best
+time is just as vegetation commences. That herbaceous plants may look to
+the best advantage, and flower well, they must not be allowed to get
+into large stools; but as soon as they are above one foot in diameter,
+they should be divided.
+
+Very frequently those who perform this operation, take the spade, and
+cut a piece off all round, which to a degree improves the look of the
+plant; but this is only half justice. It should be lifted entirely,
+fresh soil given, or removed a few feet, and planted a little deeper
+than it was before, as the plant tends apparently to grow out of the
+soil when allowed to stand long. If the weather becomes dry shortly
+after transplanting, give them a few waterings, until they have taken
+fresh roots, which will be within two weeks. Colour should be
+diversified through the garden as much as practicable, and the highest
+growing sorts planted farthest from the walk, so as all may appear in
+view. At all times avoid crowding the plants together.
+
+
+BULBOUS ROOTS.
+
+About the middle of this month, let the covering of tan, saw-dust, or
+decayed leaves, be cleared from the beds of such as were directed to be
+covered in November; afterwards carefully stirring the surface among
+them with a kind of wooden spatula, or wedge, breaking the surface fine;
+then dress all the alleys smooth and neat with the hoe and rake,
+clearing away every particle of litter. When the leaves of Tulips are
+expanding, they frequently become entangled so much, that the force of
+growth breaks the foliage: if there are any appearance of this at any
+time, they should be set right with the hand. In early seasons these
+roots will be far advanced, and perhaps one night of frost unexpectedly
+might materially injure them. When there is any suspicion of cold
+weather, hoops should be spanned across the beds, so that the necessary
+mats or canvass could in a few minutes be placed over them, to ward off
+danger. Protect the finest sorts from heavy drenching rains, and give
+them small neat rods for support, as they grow up. If the rods and
+tyings are painted green, the effect will be improved. These directions
+equally apply to _Narcissus_, _Jonquils_, _Iris_, and all Holland bulbs.
+
+
+CARNATIONS, PINKS, PRIMROSES, &c.
+
+Which have been protected by frames through the winter, must have at all
+favourable opportunities plenty of air admitted to them by lifting the
+sashes, and in fine mild days and nights, the sashes may be taken
+entirely off. Divest them of all decayed leaves, and stir up the earth
+on the surface of the pots; those that are intended to be planted in the
+garden may be set to one side, while those that are to be kept in pots
+must be more strictly attended to. Of these the Pinks and Carnations
+should be repotted about the first of the month. Those that have been
+kept in four inch pots, should be put into pots of seven inches, and
+those that are in five inch pots may be put into eight inch. Give a
+gentle watering after repotting. Pinks do not require the pots so large,
+but the same treatment in every other respect. Where the extremity of
+the leaves are decayed, cut them off, with any other decayed leaves: the
+pots must be well drained with shivers or fine gravel. Give them plenty
+of air, otherwise they will be weak in growth.
+
+_Primroses_ require only a little fresh earth on the top of the pots.
+_Daisies_ may be planted out in shady situations; the sun destroys them
+during summer if exposed.
+
+
+AURICULAS.
+
+These beautiful and highly interesting plants are, to a great degree,
+neglected in our collections. It cannot be from want of beauty or
+fragrance that they have not attracted our attention, for they are
+exquisite in both. We are rather inclined to think that those who have
+them do not give them the treatment they require yearly to perfect their
+bloom. They should now have the surface earth taken off about half an
+inch down, and fresh soil added, which will cause them to put out fresh
+fibres about the upper part of the roots, and greatly increase their
+growth. The frame in which they are placed should now face the east, as
+the sun will be too strong for them; and about the end of the month turn
+it to the north. The glass of the frame may be white-washed, which will
+partially shade them from the sun, that being their delight. Give them
+water sparingly until they begin to grow, and never water them over the
+foliage previous to flowering, as water injures that fine mealy-like
+substance found on many of the sorts, and which so greatly improves
+their beauty. Defend them, therefore, from rain and high winds. To have
+them flower strongly, only one flower stem should be allowed to grow.
+The first one that shows is generally the best. At all events leave the
+strongest, and cut off all the others, or only nip off the flower pips,
+which answers the same end. Never keep the sash off during night, lest
+it should rain before morning.
+
+
+RANUNCULUS AND ANEMONE.
+
+The frames must have plenty of air, and give frequent sprinklings of
+water. The sashes or boards should be taken entirely off every mild day,
+and in fine nights leave them exposed to the dew; stir up the earth
+amongst them, breaking it fine, making all neat. They require liberal
+supplies of water after they begin to grow.
+
+
+ROSES.
+
+This is the most favourable month for planting all kinds of garden
+roses, which must be done as soon as the weather opens, and the ground
+in a proper state. The earlier in the month they flower the more perfect
+they will be. Never delay planting when there is an opportunity; for if
+delayed until the leaves are expanding, the bloom will be much weakened,
+and the probability is there will be no flowers, and the plants meet
+with a premature death. It has been said, "there is a particular
+advantage in planting some every ten days, even to the middle of May;
+for the flowering of them may be retarded in this way, and the bloom of
+these delightful shrubs continue for a much longer period." One moment's
+reflection will convince us, that nature, while in her own element, will
+not be retarded, suppose there was no danger of instantaneous death to
+the plants. The artificial means that might be judiciously adopted, with
+which we are acquainted, to keep back the blooming of hardy plants, is
+to lift them as soon in spring as is practicable, put them in boxes of
+earth, and then place them in the driest part of an icehouse until the
+desired time of planting, which may be delayed as long as the required
+time of flowering. This will be found a true method of retarding the
+flowering of roses especially, and not going counter to the rules and
+principles of nature. There are many beautiful varieties of the garden
+rose in cultivation, the names of the finest of which we will give in
+the Catalogue, but perhaps it may be proper to mention here a few of the
+most particular sorts. The finest unquestionably when in bloom, is the
+_Moss_ and its varieties, but the flowering is of so limited duration,
+that it is in a great degree surpassed by others. There is said to be a
+striped variety of the _Moss Rose_, but we do not credit it. The _Blush
+Moss_, _Clinton White Moss_, and _Mottled Moss_, at present certainly
+are the most superb of that kind. _Lee's Crimson Perpetual_ is a
+magnificent rose, and flowers in profusion from June to October. This is
+considered, and justly too, the finest of all the garden roses; its
+fragrance is exquisite, and the plant highly valued. There is a striped
+_Unique Rose_, and a _Rosa tricolor_, which are much thought of. We have
+mentioned these as the finest we have seen, but amongst two thousand
+cultivated varieties of the garden rose, there must be many of equal
+beauty. Of _Rósa spinosíssima_ there are above three hundred varieties;
+_R. gàllica_; two hundred; _R. centifòlia_, one hundred and fifty; _R.
+damascène_, above one hundred; _R. álba_, fifty; _R. rubiginósa_,
+thirty; and of various sorts above eleven hundred. In several individual
+collections of Europe, there are cultivated above fifteen hundred
+species, sub-species, and varieties.
+
+When planted, they are too frequently crowded indiscriminately amongst
+other shrubs, which prevents them having the effect they would have if
+planted singly or grouped. They vary in size in different sorts from one
+to ten feet. When planted in the latter method, they should be
+assimilated in size of leaves and manner of growth, with the greatest
+variation of flower; or if planted in many small patches, giving each a
+distinct colour, which has a picturesque effect. An other desirable and
+fanciful method, is to plant them in figures, giving them edgings of
+wire, willow, or any other substitute, in imitation of basket work,
+which is called "baskets of roses;" the ground enclosed in the basket
+margin to be made convex, which will present a greater surface to the
+eye; the strong shoots to be layered, or kept down by pegs into the
+ground, having the points of the shoots only to appear above the soil,
+which should be covered with moss. With this treatment, in a few years
+the whole surface of the basket will be covered with rose buds and
+leaves, of one or various sorts. If two or three of the larger growing
+sorts are taken, such as _Moss_ or _Provins_, they may be trained so as
+to cover a surface of several square yards. One of these covered with
+_Lee's Crimson Perpetual Rose_, would be one of the greatest ornaments
+of the Flower-garden.
+
+A modern invention in the cultivation of the rose is, to grow them in
+shape of trees, by budding on strong growing kinds at different heights
+from the ground, according to taste, and the purposes intended. They
+will form in a few years handsome round heads, which will flower more
+freely than by layers, or trained on their own stalk. They are
+particularly desirable amongst low shrubs. When planted, they should be
+well supported by strong rods, to prevent the wind from destroying them.
+If any of the roots have been bruised in lifting, cut off the bruised
+part with the knife, and likewise shorten the young shoots; breaking the
+earth well about their roots when planting. This has been an esteemed
+shrub among all civilized nations. The flowers are double, semi-double,
+and single; the colours are pink, red, purple, white, yellow, and
+striped, with almost every shade and mixture; the odour universally
+grateful. This plant is cultivated in every garden, from the humblest
+cottager to the loftiest prince, and by commercial gardeners in Europe
+extensively, for distilling rose water, and making the essential oil of
+roses. They delight in a rich loamy soil, and require plenty of moisture
+while in a growing state. Those sorts which throw up numerous suckers
+should be lifted every three or four years, reduced, and then
+transplanted. When thus removing them, avoid as much as possible
+exposing their roots; and when newly planted, mulching is of
+considerable advantage; that is, putting half rotten stable-manure on
+the surface of the ground round their roots, which prevents evaporation,
+and keeps up a constant moisture. If this was done in general to our
+roses in dry seasons, it would greatly improve their flowering. For
+China roses see next month.
+
+
+CLIMBING ROSES.
+
+This is the best time to prune ever-blooming climbing roses, such as
+_Champney_, _Scarlet Cluster_, _Duchesse de Dino_, _Notsette_,
+_Burgenville_, &c. Many of these, when allowed to grow year after year
+without pruning, become unsightly; they never bear flowers on the old
+wood, that is, wood of three or four years. Having a tendency to throw
+out young shoots from the bottom of the stem, the old wood should be cut
+out, thus encouraging the young wood, which the second year bears the
+most and finest flowers. In severe winters, the extremities of the
+shoots are frequently killed, and we have often seen all the wood black
+or brown, and apparently dead. When that is the case it is best to leave
+it until they begin to grow, which will show what is dead or alive, when
+they can be pruned to better advantage.
+
+
+DECIDUOUS ORNAMENTAL FLOWERING SHRUBS.
+
+The earlier the planting of these shrubs is attended to in this month,
+the more will their growth and flowering be promoted, having all
+finished before the buds begin to expand. (For kinds recommended see
+List, end of the volume.) They should never be planted too thick, but
+leave space for them to grow as they respectively require, and according
+as they are designed for open or close shrubberies, clumps, or thickets.
+Have all in readiness, that it may be done with as much expedition as
+possible, to prevent their roots from being dried by the sun and wind
+in time of planting. Make the holes intended for their reception round,
+capacious, and deep enough to hold their roots, without confining them
+in the least, and loosen the bottom well, putting new and fresh soil
+under their roots, breaking and pulverizing it during the operation, and
+frequently shaking the plant as you progress in filling up. When done,
+make all firm with the foot, leaving a circular cavity to hold the water
+they will require during dry weather. Give rods, and tie with bands all
+that need that support before they are left, lest they should be
+neglected. Cut off any of the bruised roots or irregular growths of the
+branches.
+
+
+GRASS PLATS AND WALKS.
+
+Rake and sweep off from these all litter and worm cast earth, and give
+an occasional rolling to settle the ground, and render the surface
+smooth, where the scythe is to be used. The grass will likewise grow
+better by rolling it where the frost has partially thrown it out, and
+add greatly to the beauty of the whole. Cut the edgings with an edging
+iron or spade, so that the whole will have a finished appearance. If any
+new turf is required to be laid down, this is a very good time to do it,
+before vegetation is strong; as the turf that is now laid will have
+taken root before the dry season commences. Where a great extent is to
+be done, sowing might be adopted; but it will not have the effect of
+turf under three years, and during that time must be carefully cut,
+after the first season, every three weeks, while growing, nor must it
+be walked upon. White clover and true perennial rye-grass are the seeds
+most proper for sowing. The ground must in the first place be all
+equally made up, and levelled with the spade and rake; not "cart loads
+of soil laid down and leveled," which would finally become very uneven,
+and would need to be lifted and relaid next year. The best turf is that
+of a close growing pasture or common, free from all kinds of weeds or
+strong roots, and the grass short. To cut it expeditiously, be provided
+with a turfing-iron; but if that cannot be conveniently had, a spade may
+do very well. Strain a line tight, cutting the turf lengthways, at equal
+distances, from twelve to eighteen inches. Next draw the line across,
+cutting from one and a half to two feet; then cut them up with the
+spade, about one and a half inch thick. In laying, join them close and
+alternately; when done, beat them firm with a level wooden beater, and
+roll with a heavy roller.
+
+Grass walks, in the last century, were very popular; but time having put
+them to the test, they are found unfit for walking upon or using in any
+manner, almost for one half of the year; therefore not answering the
+purposes intended. They require great attention to keep them in order;
+and if not always neat and clean, they are a disagreeable object in a
+garden; but when they are well dressed, their effect is very enlivening.
+Where they are desired, prepare the ground as above directed; making the
+walk a little higher than the adjoining borders, to prevent the earth
+from being washed on it by the rain. Allowing the walks to be six feet
+wide, make the centre five inches higher than the sides, or about
+seven-eighths of an inch to the foot whatever the breadth may be, which
+will form a gentle declivity to throw off the rain. When laid, beat and
+roll it well; cutting the edge neat and even. Water frequently if the
+weather sets in dry. To keep grass walks or plats in order, they should
+be mown once every three or four weeks from May to September, and the
+grass each time swept clean off. When the grass is allowed to get long
+before being cut, the roots become tender; and die when exposed to the
+sun; at last the grass is all in spots, and in another year requires to
+be relaid.
+
+
+GRAVEL WALKS.
+
+A practice once existed of turning these into heaps or ridges during
+winter to destroy weeds, &c. But this has almost been given up as
+unnecessary, unsightly, inconvenient, and not doing any material
+service.
+
+Where the surface of these has become foul, irregular, or mossy, they
+had better be turned over four or five inches deep where the gravel will
+admit of it; but if not, hoe and rake them perfectly clean, give a new
+coat of gravel, and pick up any stones that you think too large; then
+give them a good rolling, applying it frequently after showers of rain.
+When they are well attended to just now, they will look well all the
+season; but if neglected, they take more labour, and are never in such
+good condition.
+
+Fancy edgings of _Thyme_, _Thrift_, _Gentiana_, _Lavender_, and
+_Violets_--(_Daisies_ may be used if the situation is shaded.) The
+whole of these may be planted by the line with the dibber except
+_Thyme_, which lay as directed for _Box_. See this month, under that
+head. Any time in this or beginning of next month will answer to make
+edgings of these; and if dry weather occurs before they begin to grow
+after planting, they must have frequent waterings until they have taken
+fresh root. Thyme requires to be dressed twice during the season to keep
+it in order.
+
+
+OF GRAFTING.
+
+There are four methods of grafting. The one we will describe is _whip_
+or _tongue grafting_, which is the preferable and most expeditious plan
+with all deciduous shrubs or trees. The stock upon which it is performed
+must be slender, from two-thirds of an inch to any diameter suitable to
+the thickness of the graft. Having headed the stock at a clear smooth
+part, slope it on one side with a sharp knife at a very acute angle,
+make a slit on the lower side of the slope about an inch downwards, to
+receive the tongue or wedge of the graft or scion. Secondly, having the
+prepared scions cut into lengths of 3, 4, or 5 eyes, take one which
+matches the stock in size, and slope the bottom of it so as to fit the
+stock, that the rinds of both may correspond exactly, especially on one
+side and at bottom; make also a slit upward in the graft, like that in
+the slope of the stock, so as the one may be inserted in the other as
+evenly and completely as possible. Let the graft be carefully held in
+its due position, while a bandage is applied. Take strands of Russian
+mat, and bind them in a neat manner several times round the stock and
+graft. Lastly, cover the joint with well worked clay, coat from half an
+inch below the bottom of the graft to an inch above the top of the
+stock, and to the thickness of half an inch all round, finish it in an
+oblong globular form, taking care to work it close, that no air may
+penetrate. If the clay is covered with moss, it will partially prevent
+it from cracking.
+
+The grafts will have taken when they begin to grow freely; then the clay
+may be taken off, and the bandage loosened, and put on again, but not so
+tight; give the grafts a stake for support, tying them thereto to
+prevent accidents from the wind. Allow no shoots to arise from the
+stock.
+
+Any of the rare deciduous trees may, by the above method, be grafted on
+one of its own family, that is more common, and in that respect is the
+finest species of propagation that is resorted to.
+
+
+
+
+=Rooms.=
+
+_MARCH._
+
+
+If the plants in these situations have been properly attended to by
+admitting air at all favourable times, and when the apartment was below
+36° a little fire heat applied to counteract the cold, keeping the heat
+above that degree; your attention will be rewarded by the healthy
+appearance of your plants. The weather by this time has generally become
+milder, so that air may be more freely admitted, especially from ten to
+three o'clock. Where the leaves are grown to one side, turn the plant
+with the dark side to the light. They will require a more liberal supply
+of water, but always avoid keeping them wet. Pick off all decayed
+leaves, and tie up any straggling shoots; stir up the earth on the top
+of the pots, breaking it fine where it is hardened by the frequent
+waterings. This will allow the fresh air to act upon the roots, which is
+one of the principal assistants in vegetation. For those that require
+shifting or repotting, see _Green-house_, _March_; the plants enumerated
+there equally apply here, if they are in the collection, with this
+difference, that well kept rooms are about two weeks earlier than the
+Green-house. After the end of this month, where there is a convenience,
+plants will do better in windows that look to the east, in which the
+direct rays of a hot sun are prevented from falling upon them, and the
+morning sun is more congenial for plants in this country than the
+afternoon sun. Where there is any dust on the leaves of any of them,
+take a sponge and water, and make the whole clean, likewise divest them
+of all insects. The green-fly is perhaps on the roses; if there are no
+conveniences for fumigating, wash them off as previously directed. Where
+there are only a few plants, these pests could be very easily kept off
+by examining the plants every day. For the scaly insect, see _January_.
+If they have not been cleared off, get it done directly; for by the heat
+of the weather they will increase tenfold.
+
+
+FLOWERING PLANTS.
+
+_Hyacinths_, _Tulips_, _Narcissus_, _Jonquils_, and _Crocus_, will be
+generally in flower. The former requires plenty of water, and the
+saucers under the pots should be constantly full until they are done
+blooming. The others need only be liberally supplied at the surface of
+the pot. Give them neat green-painted rods to support their flower
+stems, and keep them all near the light. The spring flowering _Oxalis_
+will not open except it is exposed to the full rays of the sun. The
+_Lachenàlia_ is greatly improved in colour with exposure to the sun,
+though when in flower its beauties are preserved by keeping it a little
+in the shade.
+
+_Prímulas_, or Primrose, both Chinese and European, delight in an airy
+exposure; but the sun destroys the beauty of their flowers by making the
+colours fade.
+
+_Caméllias._ Many of them will be in perfection. See Green-house this
+month for a description of the finest varieties. Do not let the sun
+shine upon the blooms. Those that are done flowering, will, in small
+pots, require to be repotted. The _Cálla_ or Æthopian water-lily, when
+in flower, ought to stand in saucers with water.
+
+The Hyacinths that are in glasses must be regularly supplied with water.
+The roots will be very much reduced by this method; therefore, when the
+bloom is over, if possible plant them in the garden, or bury them in
+pots of earth, to ripen and strengthen the bulbs. They will take two
+years with good encouragement, before they can satisfactorily be again
+flowered in glasses, and properly they ought not be allowed to bloom
+next year. Those that are done flowering in pots, can be set aside, and
+the usual waterings gradually withdrawn. Treat all other Dutch bulbs in
+a similar manner.
+
+
+
+
+=Hot-House.=
+
+_APRIL._
+
+
+Where the Hot-house has been properly conducted, the plants generally
+will have a vigorous and healthful aspect. An error frequently arises in
+the conducting of these departments, by inexperienced operators being
+ambitious of outstripping their competitors. They keep the house in a
+very high temperature, and admit little or no air. Where such mode has
+been pursued, the plants will have got over their first growth, and the
+foliage look yellow and decaying, thus throwing the plants into a state
+of inactivity, when nature herself commences her most active movements.
+The temperature should not be under 60° nor much above 75°, without
+admitting a little air by the top lights. It will not do yet to give air
+by the front sashes, the wind being cool, and a current in the house
+would be hurtful. The sun is not so powerful but the heat can be kept
+down by the air given from above. In very cold cutting winds, though the
+effects of sun heat be great, admitting of much air may be injurious.
+Whatever error may arise, let it be on the side of caution. However,
+when high winds prevail, there is little danger of the house becoming
+overheated by the effect of the sun. Hot-house or tropical plants will
+not be hurt with 110°, if they are not touching the glass. And if the
+plants are near the glass generally, the glass should have a coat of
+very thin white-wash (not lime), where the glass is thin and light in
+colour; but if it is thick and green, there need be no white-washing.
+
+The plants will need a liberal supply of water every day. We have so
+constantly cautioned the operator on administering this element, that a
+repetition here is unnecessary. Sprinkle them well with the syringe or
+engine in the evenings about sundown, four or five times a week, and
+strictly observe that none of them are omitted; for where there are
+such, it is probable they are attacked by the red spider. If any of
+these are detected, syringe them powerfully morning and evening. Water
+is most effectual in their destruction, and most congenial to the
+plants. Give regular fumigations to destroy the green-fly. Wherever
+there is dust or foulness contracted on the foliage, wash all clean with
+sponge and water; for on these insects are harboured in such quantities
+that they, in a short time, would overrun all the plants in the house.
+Keeping the house constantly clean, the plants clear of decayed leaves
+and every thing of a corroding nature, and duly syringing them, is the
+surest method of not being much troubled with insects.
+
+For repotting plants, see next month; except those that you are
+fostering to a great extent, such as _Alstr[oe]merias_, _Calceolàrias_,
+or any herbaceous plants that require great encouragement to make them
+flower well. These should always be repotted, as soon as the roots come
+to be round the outside of the ball.
+
+
+
+
+=Green-House.=
+
+_APRIL._
+
+
+Regarding the shifting or repotting of plants, the directions given last
+month may be followed. If the plants are not shifted that require it,
+get them done as soon as possible, for they will soon get into a
+luxuriant state of growth, and then it would not be advisable to shift
+them. Those that were repotted last month will have taken fresh root in
+the new soil, and the advantage will soon be perceptible. In order to
+strengthen the plants, and keep them from becoming drawn and spindly,
+admit large portions of air every mild day. Indeed there will be very
+few days in this month, that a little air may not be given, always
+observing to divide the quantity regularly over the house, in cool
+nights closing in time. About the end of the month an abundance of air
+is indispensable, leaving the sashes and doors open every mild night,
+that the plants may be inured to the open exposure they will have in a
+few weeks.
+
+
+WATERING.
+
+As the season advances and vegetation increases, the waterings will
+require to be more copious and more frequent. Look over all plants
+minutely every day, and with judicious care supply their wants. Those
+that are of a soft shrubby nature, and in a free-growing state, will
+require a larger portion at one time than those of a hard texture, which
+may only want it every two or three days. The weather and situation in
+some instances may require a modification of these directions. Plants in
+general will not suffer so soon from being a little dry as from being
+over-watered. The health and beauty of the foliage of the plants may be
+much improved by syringing them freely three evenings in the week,
+except in moist weather, when it ought not to be done. The ravages of
+many insects also will be retarded, especially mildew and red spider,
+which will be entirely destroyed. If the red spider is on any of the
+plants, particularly take them aside evening and morning, and give them
+a good dashing with water through the syringe. Where there is mildew,
+after syringing the plant, dust it on the affected parts with flowers of
+sulphur, and set them for a few days where they will be sheltered from
+the wind, after which wash off the sulphur. If the cure is not complete,
+renew the dose. Always sweep out and dry up the water in the house when
+any is spilt. The succulent plants will be in want of a little water
+about once a week, but do not overwater them, as there is not heat
+enough to absorb much moisture. If the soil is damp, it is quite
+sufficient.
+
+
+ORANGES, LEMONS, &c.
+
+Will in many instances about the end of this month be showing flowers or
+flower buds. They must under these circumstances have plenty of air to
+prevent them from falling off when entirely exposed. The reason that we
+see so much fine blossom falling to the ground where the trees are
+brought out of the house in May, is from the confinement they have had.
+Where there is a convenience of giving air from the back of the
+Green-house, it should always be given in mild days, especially in those
+houses that have a recess back from the top of the sashes, for even if
+the sashes are let down every day, still the house will not be properly
+ventilated. Any plants that are sickly and intended to be planted in the
+garden next month to renovate their growth, may be cut back, (if not
+already done,) as far as is required to give the tree a handsome form,
+taking care not to cut below the graft or inoculation. Let the operation
+be done with a fine saw and sharp knife, smoothing the amputations that
+are made by the saw; and if they are large, put a little well made clay
+over the wound, to prevent the air from mortifying the shoot. Turpentine
+is preferable to clay, not being subject to crack or fall off by the
+weather.
+
+If there are any _Lagerstr[oe]mias_, _Pomegranate_, or _Hydràngeas_ in
+the cellar, they should be brought out about the first of the month, and
+planted in their respective situations. Give the _Hydràngea_ a very
+shady spot. It does not require one ray of the sun, providing it has
+plenty of air, and do not plant it into soil that has been lately
+manured. A large plant must have great supplies of water in dry weather.
+If the plant is very thick, the oldest branches may be thinned out, but
+do not cut out any of the young shoots, as they contain the embryo of
+the flower. _Lagerstr[oe]mias_ will flower abundantly without pruning,
+but to have fine large spikes of flowers, cut in the wood of last year
+to about three eyes from the wood of the preceding year; by this they
+will be much finer. _Pomegranates_ will only require a little of the
+superfluous wood cut out. Perhaps some of them may be desired to flower
+in pots or tubs during summer: the balls will admit of being much
+reduced, and by this a pot or tub very little larger will do for them.
+Do not give much water until they begin to grow.
+
+
+MYRTLES AND OLEANDERS.
+
+If any of these have grown irregularly, and are not headed down or
+otherwise pruned, as directed last month, they should now be done.
+Oleanders are very subject to the white scaly insect, and before the
+heat of summer begins, they should be completely cleansed. This insect
+is likewise found on _Myrtles_, which are worse to clean, and ought to
+be minutely examined twice every year. We have observed mildew on these
+shrubs, which makes the foliage brown and unsightly. If it is detected
+in time, syringing is an effectual remedy.
+
+
+GERANIUMS.
+
+Some of the earliest blooming kinds of these will now begin to flower,
+and the sun will greatly deteriorate their rich colours where they are
+near the glass with a south aspect. The glass should be white-washed,
+which will cast a thin shade over them, and prolong the duration of the
+bloom, but if they are above five feet from the glass, white-washing is
+not requisite. The strong kinds will be growing very luxuriantly, and
+require liberal supplies of water. When syringing, do not sprinkle the
+flowers, as it would make the colours intermingle with each other, and
+cause them to decay prematurely. If they have been properly attended to
+in that respect, it may be dispensed with after they have generally come
+in flower, which will not be until about the first of May.
+
+
+HERBACEOUS PLANTS AND BULBOUS ROOTS.
+
+If any of the herbaceous plants were neglected to be divided last month,
+do not omit it now. They will not flower so well if potted entire, and
+their growth by this time will be much hurt, if not carefully shaded
+from the sun. After dividing, sprinkle gently with water three times a
+day, until they have taken fresh root, when they can be put amongst the
+other plants.
+
+_Cape Bulbs._ Those that flowered late in autumn, as soon as the foliage
+begins to decay, may be set aside, and the water withheld by degrees.
+When the foliage is entirely gone, and the roots dry, clear them from
+the earth, and after laying exposed in the shade for a few days to dry,
+pack them up in dry moss, with their respective names attached, until
+August, when they may be again potted. Treat those that are in flower
+the same as directed in last month.
+
+_Dutch Roots._ All the species and varieties of these that have been
+kept in the Green-house during winter, will now be done flowering; the
+water should be withdrawn gradually from them; and then the pots turned
+on their sides to ripen the bulbs. Or, a superior method is, where there
+is the convenience of a garden, to select a bed not much exposed. Turn
+the balls out of the pots and plant them; the roots will ripen better
+this way than any other. Have them correctly marked, that no error may
+take place. They can be lifted with the other garden bulbs.
+
+
+FLOWERING PLANTS.
+
+The best situation for most plants while in flower, is where they are
+shaded from the sun, and fully exposed to the air. _Primroses_, both
+European and Chinese, flower best, and the colours are finest when the
+plants are in the front of the house, and entirely shaded from the sun.
+The Chinese _Azàleas_ and _Rhododéndrons_ require, while in flower, a
+similar situation. Have all the shoots tied naturally to neat rods, and
+keep them clear from others by elevating them on empty pots, or any
+other substitute. See that there are no insect upon them; for they make
+a miserable contrast with flowers. The _Cálla æthiopica_ should stand in
+water when in flower, and even before flowering they will be much
+strengthened by it.
+
+
+INSECTS.
+
+Insects will on some plants be very perplexing. The weather may admit of
+those that are infected to be taken out of doors, and put into a frame
+in any way that is most convenient. Fumigating them about half an hour,
+if the day is calm, will be sufficient; but if windy, they will take an
+hour. When done, syringe them well, and put them in their respective
+situations. By the above method, the house will not be made disagreeable
+with the fumes of tobacco.
+
+Tie up neatly all the climbing plants. Keep those that are running up
+the rafters of the house close to the longitudinal wires. As previously
+observed, running plants should not be taken across the house, except in
+some instances where it can be done over the pathway, otherwise it
+shades the house too much. Clear off all decayed leaves, and all
+contracted foulness, that the house and plants may in this month have an
+enlivening aspect, as it is undoubtedly one of the most interesting
+seasons of the year in the Green-house.
+
+
+FLOWERING STOCKS.
+
+Those that have been kept in the Green-house, or in frames, should be
+planted into beds or the borders, where they will seed better than if
+kept in the pots. The method generally adopted is to select the plants
+that are intended for seed; plant the different kinds distinctly and
+separately; then take a few double flowering plants of each kind, which
+plant round their respective single varieties that are to be kept for
+seed. Whenever any of the colours sport, that is, become spotted or
+striped with other colours, pull these up, and destroy them, for they
+will soon degenerate the whole, and ought never to be seen in
+collections that have any pretensions to purity. Many have been the
+plans recommended as the best for saving, and growing from seed the
+double varieties of German stock. In every method we have tried we have
+been successful and unsuccessful; although we generally practise
+planting the double kinds beside the single, where they are intended for
+seed. We have no scientific reason for it; not seeing what influence
+these monsters of flowers can have over a flower where the male and
+female organs are perfect; which in these are wanting. Some say that the
+semi-double sorts are best: we have likewise found them both abortive
+and fruitful in the desired results.
+
+
+
+
+=Flower Garden.=
+
+_APRIL._
+
+
+The ambition of every attentive gardener, during this month, is to be at
+the head of every department, and over every spot. The operator's
+activity in this month regulates the whole season. Every weed ought to
+be cut down as soon as it appears, and the proverbial saying will be
+realized, "a garden that is well kept is easily kept." A wet day need
+cause no loss of time. Prepare rods, bands, and tallies, to be in
+readiness when required. Damp weather should always be taken to prick
+out or transplant annuals, or stocks, but by no means go on the borders
+while they are wet. If it cannot be done by keeping on the walks, defer
+it until they are in a proper state. One day of laborious attention just
+now will save two in the heat of summer. Many in the height of bustle
+never finish properly as they proceed, which is the worst of practices.
+Every operation ought to be completely and properly finished before
+another is taken in hand, which will ultimately prove the quickest and
+best method to work upon.
+
+Let digging, pruning, hoeing, raking, &c. be done as expeditiously as
+strength will allow; that the time may be devoted for a few weeks to the
+beautifying of the garden by sowing and planting.
+
+
+ANNUALS.
+
+Those that are tender and were sown last month, according to directions,
+will be ready to prick out into another light hot-bed, about two feet
+high, prepared as directed in February. Keep them a few inches apart to
+let the air circulate. Give them frequent sprinklings with water, and
+shade them with a mat for a few days until they have taken fresh root;
+then give them plenty of air, and by the first of next month expose them
+night and day to harden the plants for the open ground. A few of the
+annual seeds of every description, and of every country and climate, may
+be sown any time after the middle of the month. If the season prove
+favourable they will do well; but reserving a part to sow about the 15th
+of May, will guard against every extreme.
+
+Those that have come above ground should be thinned out, the
+dwarf-growing kinds to two or three inches, and the large sorts to four
+or five inches apart; or they may be only separated about an inch, going
+over them again in a few weeks; when a few might be taken of those that
+will bear removing, and plant them in vacant spaces that require filling
+up. All the varieties of French and African Marygold answer best when
+transplanted, likewise the species of _Coreòpsis_ that were sown in
+autumn. The varieties of _Ten-week Stock_, _Balsams_, _Coxcombs_, and
+other strong growing sorts, generally flower stronger when replanted.
+
+
+BIENNIALS AND PERENNIALS.
+
+Any biennials that are intended to be removed, and not done last month,
+must not be delayed longer. The roots of many of them will be very
+strong, and if possible a cloudy day should be chosen for the operation.
+Give copious waterings in the evenings until they begin to grow. When
+the sun is strong, they must be shaded by a piece of board, shingle, or
+any similar substitute, for some days. When the seeds of these are sown,
+they should be distinctly marked. The initial B. is the most
+appropriate.
+
+_Perennials._ For a limited description of several genera and species,
+see last month. Those that have not been divided and replanted, where
+large, they should be done directly, if the weather is dry. They must be
+carefully watered, and shaded as above directed for _Biennials_.
+
+
+DAHLIAS.
+
+_Dáhlia supérflua_, or what is now called _Georgìana variábilis_, is one
+of the most fashionable and popular hardy herbaceous plants of the
+present day. The varieties of the present species are almost endless.
+The double kinds only are cultivated, the single varieties having been
+thrown aside. Several collections in Europe contain upwards of three
+hundred double varieties, of every colour and taste, occupying more than
+two acres of ground. It will be difficult to specify the finest; but in
+this country the dwarf-growing sorts are preferred. To make them flower
+freely, they should be planted in poor heavy soil. From the end of this
+month to the middle of May, take the roots from their winter quarters to
+the garden, and with a spade make a hole sufficiently wide and deep to
+receive the crowns of the roots one inch deeper than the surface of the
+ground, cutting off with a sharp knife the old stumps close to the eyes.
+They have the finest effect in rows; plant them four feet apart in the
+row, and the rows six feet asunder. Individual plants of a dwarf nature
+look extremely well. The best one for this is the _Dwarf Globe Crimson_,
+and is perhaps the finest that is known, being prolific, compact,
+beautiful, and very dwarf, never exceeding three feet: if properly
+grown, _Púlla elècta_, _Famæa_, and _Zenò_, are also fine dwarf sorts;
+as tall growing kinds _Etna_; _Imperiòsa_; _Ciceró_; _Cocàde_;
+_Cambridge Surprise_; _Dutchess of Wellington_; _Countess of Liverpool_;
+_Barret's William Fourth_; _True Mountain of Snow_; _Diàna_; _Crimson
+Bonnet_; and _Exímia_, are all superb, and at present the highest in
+estimation. For the names of more of the finest varieties, with their
+colour, see Catalogue at the end of the work.
+
+When the roots become very large, they ought to be divided, and in dry
+seasons they require to be liberally supplied with water to keep them
+growing. If their growth is obstructed, the flowering will be imperfect.
+Where they are grown to any extent, it would be advisable to put up a
+large hot-bed about the end of March, and plant them close together
+therein, about the beginning of April, which would immediately cause
+them to grow. Give plenty of air, and about the middle of May plant them
+in the borders, beds, or rows, which will in cool seasons cause them to
+flower earlier.
+
+The flowers are from three to eight inches in diameter. There ought to
+be a few of the most distinct and superb varieties, in every garden.
+Some individuals consider the _Anemoné-flowered_ varieties the finest;
+but those who never saw a _Dáhlia_ flower of any character, would, in
+our opinion, chose the large petaled flowers. The _Anemoné-flowered_
+sorts likewise are not so large in flower as the other varieties.
+
+The foliage has no particular attraction about it; the stems look
+strong, but are soft in substance. If seeds are sown on a hot-bed in
+March, most of them will flower the same year, by transplanting in the
+garden about the end of May; but the fine double kinds seldom produce
+seeds.
+
+
+CHINA ROSES.
+
+From the first to the middle of this month is the best time to plant the
+varieties of Chinese roses. If they are to be removed out of the ground,
+the earlier in the month the better; but where they are in pots, the
+precise time is not so material. There are about seventy varieties,
+including the species of these in cultivation; all of them do extremely
+well in this country, growing freely, and flowering abundantly in the
+open air. A few of them require protection during winter. The List at
+the end of the work will contain all the finest varieties; but as they
+are not generally known, and the greater part of them highly deserving a
+situation in every garden, a few limited specific observations is
+obviously desirable to those who are not acquainted with their beauty
+and fragrance.
+
+No. 1. _Ròsa índica_, common China or daily. From the last name an error
+has taken place, that it blooms every day. In one sense of the word it
+does. Plants that are young, and in good ground, will grow and flower
+constantly from the end of April until the buds are killed with frost;
+but they will never flower when not growing; the bloom being produced on
+the young wood. The flower is about three inches in diameter, of a dark
+blush or rose colour, petals large, and loose, between a semi-double and
+double, and perfectly hardy.
+
+No. 2. *[B]_Rose Animated_, daily, is a very fine rose, and its merits
+are appreciated by those who have it in their collections. It is more
+double, and better formed than No. 1, and partakes of the fragrance of
+No. 8, is perfectly hardy, colour a fine blush, grows freely, and
+flowers abundantly; and is coming into great repute.
+
+[B] Those marked thus * we have grown from seed.
+
+No. 3. _Rosa Indìca mínor_, is the smallest of the China roses that we
+are familiar with; about the end of April or beginning of May it is
+completely covered with pretty little flowers, and much admired for its
+diminutiveness: colour same as No. 1.
+
+No. 4. _Rosa Bengal elongáta_, named from the foliage being more
+elongate than the other common roses. It grows and flowers freely,
+petals large, colour light red, very distinguishable from any of the
+other sorts.
+
+No. 5. _Rosa belle Chinese_, is a beautiful French rose, and blooms in
+great abundance; flowers large and double, colour when first expanded
+pink, and changes to crimson, making a striking appearance, and greatly
+admired.
+
+No. 6. _Rosa la tendere japonica_, an erect growing rose, of a handsome
+purple colour, with large petals; much like the garden velvet rose.
+
+No. 7. _Rosa belle vibert_, does not produce so large flowers as the
+three last mentioned; but they are very double, blooming abundantly in
+the latter part of summer; colour very dark, and by some called the
+Black China Rose.
+
+No. 8. _Rosa odoràta_, or Tea-rose, celebrated in this country for its
+fragrance being similar to fine Hyson tea. It justly deserves the
+preference of all the China roses, for the delicacy of its flavour. The
+flowers are a cream coloured blush, the petals round and full, forming
+a very large rose; when full blown, it is pendulous. It will withstand
+the winter of the middle states with a little protection, such as straw,
+box, or barrel; requires very rich light soil.
+
+No. 9. _Rosa Florence_, or Scarlet-tea. This rose partakes of the
+fragrance of No. 8, is perfectly hardy, grows freely, and flowers
+profusely. The flower is well formed, very double, and a distinct
+variety from any that we know. The flower is lightest when first
+expanded.
+
+No. 10. _Rose, Purple-tea._ We have not found how this name has
+originated: but when the plant known in our collections under that name
+is compared, there is no difference between it and No. 9.
+
+No. 11. _Rosa odoràta álba_, or White-tea, is not so odorous as No. 8,
+but blooms more profusely, and grows more freely. The beautiful and neat
+appearance of the buds, when half expanded, is not surpassed; and when
+full blown, they are a fine delicate white. The bush in that state is
+showy, much admired, and scarce; we are not positive of its being hardy.
+
+No. 12. _Rosa Bengal_, or Yellow-tea, is a very free flowerer, the shape
+of the flower is more like No. 8. than any of the others; the petals are
+large and gracefully set, having a peculiar scent or flavour, and is of
+a sulphur colour. We cannot say as to its being hardy, but suppose it as
+much so as No. 8.
+
+No. 13. _Rosa Venella_, or Venella Scented-tea, is undoubtedly a
+handsome rose, and has many admirers; colour a bloody velvet; flowers
+large and very double, rising in the centre more than any of the others;
+blooming freely, and of pleasant flavour; rendering it altogether a
+desirable rose.
+
+No. 14. _Rosa belle de monza._ The flower of this rose is flatter than
+any of the other sorts; the petals are regularly laid over each other,
+making it very compact; it is about four inches in diameter when well
+grown; the plant is of quick growth, free in flowering, darker in colour
+than No. 1, equally as hardy, and ought to have a situation in every
+garden where roses are grown.
+
+No. 15. _Rosa amaránthe_, is a showy brilliant scarlet rose, flower
+compact, and of a moderate size.
+
+No. 16. *_Rosa Clintónia_, is a good rose, and in a favourable situation
+will produce abundantly large, round, and compact flowers, differing in
+shape from any of the others; colour similar to the provins rose.
+
+No. 17. _Rosa semperflòrens plèno_, or sanguinea, is a celebrated rose,
+the foliage small, and of a reddish appearance. The flower is well
+shaped, and of a blood colour; wood of a slender growth, requires some
+protection in winter, or it will die to the surface of the ground;
+delights in sandy soil. This rose is frequently called anemone-flowered,
+though in no respects similar to the character of an anemone-flower. The
+_Otaheite_ rose is of the same colour, but very inferior.
+
+No. 18. *_Rosa purple sanguinea_, is of a purple colour, same in shape
+as No. 17, but in size larger; is a good flowerer, making a fine
+variety. We do not know any similar to it.
+
+No. 19. _Rosa grandvàl_, is a magnificent rose; flower full and large,
+petals closely set, colour dark crimson. The wood and leaves are like
+the _Hamilton_ rose, but it grows and flowers more freely. It is scarce.
+
+No. 20. _Rosa Indica álba plèno_, or white China, is a rose of free
+growth, abundant in flower, and pure white, which renders it very
+desirable; is larger than No. 1, is greatly admired, and rare; requires
+rich light soil.
+
+No. 21. _Rosa Magnifier_, _magnificent_, or _magnìfica_. It is known
+under all these names. The general appearance of the plant resembles No.
+19, but the flowers in shape and colour are similar to the garden
+Provins rose, and nearly as large.
+
+No. 22. *_Rosa florabùnda multiplèx_. This rose is very correctly named,
+although the plant is of a moderate stature. The whole is covered with
+immense clusters of various coloured flowers, changing from pink to dark
+crimson; the flowers very double, and greatly admired.
+
+No. 23. *_Rosa flamæa_, has a very striking appearance, is of a flame
+colour, and distinct from any other of the China roses; blooms freely,
+and is a little fragrant, which makes it desirable.
+
+No. 24. *_Rosa Hibbèrtia_, is a superb rose of a light red colour;
+flower of a common size, double and compact, very fragrant, and abundant
+in bloom. The buds are of a particular shape, being flat at the
+extremity where others are pointed. It is highly deserving of a
+situation, and universally admired.
+
+No. 25. *_Rosa Jacksónia_, is deep red, large, and very double, of
+luxuriant growth; is more spiny and elastic than any of the China roses
+that have come under our observation. The plant altogether is unique in
+its character, and flowers profusely.
+
+No. 26. _R. Adamsônia_, is dwarf growing; has flowers of a beautiful
+purple velvet colour, inclining to black; and is much admired. When well
+grown, it will bloom freely.
+
+No. 27. *_Rosa Webestèria._[C] None of the China roses approaches this,
+except _Hortensia_, and it is much inferior. The rose is very double,
+and particularly well formed; colour similar to No. 8, with a beautiful
+rich blush in the centre, flowing to the extremity of the petals. It
+blooms profusely, and grows freely in light rich soil.
+
+[C] Named in honour of D. Webster, Esq. whose productions deserve a
+place in every library; and this plant a spot in every garden.
+
+No. 28. _Rosa gigántea._ Without exception, this is the handsomest
+shaped China rose that has come under our observation, the colour dark
+crimson, with a few shades through it. The centre is full set; petals
+regular and large, the flower very double, plant strong, growing and
+free blooming--it is scarce.
+
+No. 29. _Rosa Washington_,[D] is a very good and distinct variety; the
+foliage is pale green with red nerves; flower full and compact, the
+extremity of the petals dark red, the bottom white; showing, when the
+flower is full expanded, a white centre, and is frequently a little
+striped; grows well, and blooms freely, in light sandy soil.
+
+[D] Originated on the substantial establishment of D. & C. Landreth, and
+called by them "Scarlet and White."
+
+No. 30. *_Rosa calyxifòlia_. The calyx of this rose has large leaflets
+attached to it. It blooms very early, and is of a deep crimson colour,
+with recurved petals, which give it a singular and beautiful appearance.
+The young shoots and leaves are of a purple hue. It grows and flowers
+freely, and is quite characteristic, and surpasses any we know for
+flowering early in the Green-house or Rooms.
+
+No. 31. _Rosa Montezùma_ (Mexican-rose.) This is an esteemed variety,
+with large double flowers of a red colour, and when the flowers begin to
+fade they become darker; it is of a strong growing and hardy nature,
+much admired, and scarce.
+
+No. 32. _Rosa horténsia._ The buds of this rose are very beautiful
+before expansion, and when fully expanded, are of a fine colour,
+assimilated to No. 8; flowers large in proportion to the growth of the
+plant.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+These roses are all of a shrubby nature, and the finest flowering
+varieties that have come under our observation and culture. The China
+roses generally are not completely double, though going under the name
+of double flowers, and having the appearance of such. Those that are
+mentioned above as _double_ and _very double_ are those that are more
+double than No. 1, which is a rose that is generally known. The whole of
+them are much admired, and being now of great variety in colour, shade
+and aspect, constitute a valuable addition to the Flower-garden. A bed
+of varieties planted therein in good light rich soil, and well dressed
+by hoeing deep, raking, &c. during the early stage of their growth every
+season, will form an ornament varied in colour, unrivalled, and as yet
+not found in our Flower-gardens. Their nature agrees so well with our
+summer seasons, that it will not surprise us to see, in a few years,
+selections of them planted in rows or hedges, dividing the compartments
+in our gardens.
+
+They are all hardy, but of those that are not perfectly so, we have
+mentioned the required protection. Any of them that have not been proved
+hardy in your collections, it would be extremely injudicious to leave
+them exposed the first winter after planting out. Caution is necessary
+on every unknown point; therefore, we would recommend to give them
+slight protection, by a covering of straw, mats, boxes, &c. and if they
+appear to withstand the winter in perfect safety, they will not need
+again to be covered.
+
+The best season of the year for pruning them is about the first of this
+month. In doing so it is not advisable to shorten any of the young
+shoots, except in cutting off the injured parts, that being the wood
+most productive of bloom; but where there is old stinted wood, it should
+be cut out as close to the surface of the ground as the other parts of
+the bush will permit, with any other of the oldest wood that is too
+crowded. If the plants have been long established, dig in amongst their
+roots a little well decomposed manure, and stir and hoe them frequently
+during the summer.
+
+
+CLIMBING ROSES.
+
+No. 1. _Rosa Champneyàna._ This celebrated rose has a situation in
+almost every garden in our city, and forms a great ornament, flowering
+very profusely in immense clusters from May to November. Many of these
+having more than thirty buds upon them of a light pink colour, it is
+sometimes called "Pink Cluster." It is of rapid growth, and does well
+for covering arbours, fences, or any unsightly object. The foliage is of
+a lucid green, and the wood very strong in growth. This rose is at
+present one of the most abundant in flower, the easiest of cultivation,
+(growing in any exposure,) and in every respect is highly deserving of
+attention.
+
+No. 2. _Rosa blush Noisettià_ is very similar to No. 1. in habit; the
+flowers are lighter in colour, and a little larger; but the plant does
+not flower so profusely during the heat of the season. There is a
+variety of _Noisettia_ in our gardens, known from this by the bud being
+more rounded, and another under the name of _Charles 10th_, which has
+fine large flowers of a dark blush colour.
+
+No. 3. _Rosa red Noisettià_, or what we consider more properly _Scarlet
+cluster_. It is very distinct from any other of the Noisettias in habit.
+It is an excellent variety, and blooms abundantly; of a scarlet colour;
+forming a fine contrast with the two last, which are light in colour,
+and though not generally known is very desirable.
+
+No. 4. _Rosa moschàta_, musk-scented, or white cluster, is an esteemed
+rose both for profusion of flower and agreeableness in fragrance. It is
+not of so rapid growth as the three previous, and may be kept as a bush;
+though it will grow to a considerable height if protected by a wall or
+close fence, being tacked thereto. Where kept as a bush, in very severe
+winters, it is the better of a slight covering, and is the latest
+flowering rose in the garden. The flowers are frequently on the same
+bush single, semi-double, and double, but mostly semi-double.
+
+No. 5. _Rosa moschàta supérba_, or superb white cluster. This in habit
+and appearance is the same as No. 4, only the roses are double, and
+never vary; which makes it a very superior rose. It is highly esteemed
+and scarce.
+
+No. 6. _Rosa Aralie Noisettià._ This has been called by some _Purple
+Noisettià_, (which is a very different rose, and not generally known.)
+In growth it is similar to No. 4, and could be kept in the same manner.
+The flowers are of a dark pink colour, very prolific, but not so large
+as No. 2.
+
+These are all what are termed with us ever-blooming roses, being in
+flower from May until the buds are destroyed by frost. They should be
+pruned about the first of this month. The young wood is most productive
+of bloom; where the branches are too crowded, cut out the oldest wood as
+close to the ground as is practicable, and any of the dead branches. The
+shoots when tied to the trellis, arbour, wall, or fence, should be about
+six inches clear. The branches when made fast to their support ought to
+be in direct lines, which must at all times be strictly observed. It is
+very unsightly to see shoots trained crooked, or over each other, and,
+unsightly or unscientifical as it may be, it is too prevalent in every
+garden.
+
+No. 7. _R. Bourbòn_ is a double rose of brilliant red colour, petals
+large, stiff, and neatly set; the flower about the size of a common
+Provins rose, and finely scented; grows freely. The wood is strong, and
+undoubtedly it is the finest climbing rose that has come under our
+observation, and is highly admired.
+
+No. 8. R. _Boursault_. This rose is much thought of in Europe. It is of
+a purple colour (and once called _Purpurea_), has a little fragrance,
+flower nearly the size of No. 7; wood more slender, and of very rapid
+growth, and capable of covering a large space. When in flower it is very
+showy. The old wood is of a purple colour. There is a white variety of
+it.
+
+No. 9. R. _Lisle_, is of a light pink colour, about the shape and size
+of No. 8, grows freely, and flowers abundantly. This and No. 8. are the
+hardiest climbing roses that we know.
+
+No. 10. R. _microphylla_. This rose is unique in every character,
+resembling No. 21. more than any other. The foliage is very small and
+neat, and the calyx thick and bristly. The flowers are produced at the
+extremity of the young shoots in twos or threes, according to the
+strength of the plant; they are large and double; the exterior petals
+large and full; those of the interior are very short and thick set; the
+colour in the centre is dark, shading lighter towards the exterior; the
+spines are in pairs on each side of the compound leaves. It is perfectly
+hardy, and greatly esteemed, and not so subject to be attacked by
+insects as other roses.
+
+No. 11. R. _Franklinia_, or Cluster-tea, generally flowers well in May
+and June, but during the remainder of the season the heat appears to be
+too strong for it, the buds dropping off before expansion. The flower
+bud is larger than that of the Tea-rose; the petals large but loose,
+colour light blush.
+
+No. 12. R. _Bánksiæ_, or Lady Banks' rose, is a free growing kind, and
+has a lucid green foliage; flowers small white clusters with pink
+centre, very double, and sweet scented; in bloom during May. From what
+we have seen of it, the spring months appear too changeable for
+perfecting all its bloom, many falling off from the chilliness of the
+nights. The plant naturally is an evergreen, but in our city is
+deciduous; grows best in sandy soil, and should be protected by mats
+during winter.
+
+No. 13. R. _Bánksiæ lùtea pléno_. The habit and foliage of this are the
+same as No. 12, and whether hardy or not we have not proved. In Europe
+it is considered more hardy than the preceding variety. The flowers are
+larger, of a fine gold yellow, very double, and neatly set. It is
+considered very pretty.
+
+No. 14. R. _multiflòra_, was amongst the first climbing roses that was
+planted in this city, and was so highly admired, that twenty dollars
+were given for one plant. It bears its flowers in close clusters on the
+wood of last year; the colour is a deep blush; petals thickly set,
+making it a close and compact small rose; blooming in June. It is losing
+its celebrity, and giving place to _Champnèy_, _Noisèttia_, _Grevìllii_,
+&c.
+
+No. 15. R. _white multiflòra_. In all respects same as No. 14, except in
+flower, which is much lighter, but not a pure white.
+
+No. 16. R. _scarlet multiflòra_, is darker in colour than No. 14, but is
+not properly a scarlet flower.
+
+No. 17. R. _purple multiflòra_. We suspect that there is some confusion
+in this plant being confounded either with _Scarlet multiflòra_ or with
+_Grevìllii_. Plants imported as such have proved to be the latter.
+
+No. 18. R. _Grevìllii_, is a very curious rose, flowered the first time
+with us in June 1830. It is of the variety of No. 14, and of China
+origin; growth free and luxuriant; leaves large and deeply nerved;
+flowers in large clusters, almost every eye of the wood of last year
+producing one cluster, having on it from eight to twenty roses,
+according to the state of the plant, each rose expanding differently in
+colour or shade. Many suppose that they expand all of the same colour,
+and change afterwards. This is not the case. We have seen them white,
+pink, red, purple, and various other shades when the bloom expanded; and
+on two clusters we have observed twenty-two distinct shades of colour.
+In fact, it is a complete nondescript, having roses, single,
+semi-double, and double, large and small, and every colour between white
+and purple, forming, in every garden where it is planted, a wonder of
+the vegetable world. It is very hardy; an eastern aspect will answer it
+best, preserving the flowers from the direct rays of the sun, which will
+keep the colours purer. We readily recommend it to every lover of
+_Flora_.
+
+No. 19. R. _arvénsis scándens multiplèx_, or double Ayrshire. We
+imported this rose last year, as being a very double blush,
+sweet-scented variety. It is highly valued, and said to be more rapid
+in growth than any other variety, and likewise a profuse flowerer. As
+far as we know it remains to be proved how it will agree with our
+climate, and have its high characters substantiated; although we have no
+reason to doubt the authority we received it from.
+
+No. 20. R. _sempervírens plenò_. This is a most handsome double white
+rose. The strong shoots of last year will produce a large cluster of
+flowers from almost every eye, and as a profuse flowering double white
+climbing rose we have seen none to surpass it. It grows freely, the
+foliage and wood pure green, leaves much nerved.
+
+No. 21. R. _bracteàta plenò_, double Macartney, is a very fine large
+double white variety, with strongly marked red edged petals; blooming
+from May to July. It is very scarce, and grows best in sandy soil.
+
+The best time for pruning those roses which only bloom once in the
+season, and are of a climbing habit, is immediately after flowering,
+cutting out all the old wood that has produced flowers, thereby
+invigorating the young wood that is to bear the flowers the ensuing
+year; and the stronger the wood of this year can be made to grow, the
+finer and more profuse will be the flowers. The plants of Nos. 12, 14,
+18, and the intermediate varieties, have been pruned on a wrong system.
+In place of giving them a general dressing in spring, they ought to have
+it immediately after flowering; the old wood cut out, leaving only the
+young and such as is of a healthy nature. Avoid crowding them together,
+and tie them all straight and regular. Never top the shoots except
+where there is a supply of wood wanted. In spring the only dressing
+requisite is to cut off the injured shoots or branches, making good the
+tyings that have given way.
+
+Trellises for these roses are generally made too wide; the shoots cannot
+be neatly kept to them. They ought never to exceed nine inches between
+each spar or rod.
+
+There are several species and varieties of climbing roses of high
+standing in character, but not being perfectly known to us in regard to
+hardiness, &c. we forbear making any remarks upon them, knowing that
+much exaggeration exists.
+
+
+CLIMBING PLANTS.
+
+As shade is much required in this country, and plants suitable for
+covering arbours, &c. eagerly sought for, we will make a few remarks on
+those which are preferred for their beauty, growth, hardiness, &c.
+
+_Atragène alpìna_, is a free growing deciduous shrub, with large
+blush-coloured flowers, which continue blooming from May to July; has
+small pinnated foliage.
+
+_Clématis viticélla pulchélla_, or double purple virgin's bower, is an
+esteemed climbing plant; of rapid growth, with large flowers in great
+profusion from June to September. There are several varieties of the
+above, two of them single, and it is said that there is likewise a
+double red.
+
+_C. flámmula_, sweet scented virgin's bower, is of very rapid growth.
+Established plants will grow from twenty to forty feet in one season,
+producing at the axils of the young shoots large panicles of small white
+flowers of exquisite fragrance; the leaves are compound pinnate; in
+bloom from June to November, but in June, July, September, and October,
+the flowers are in great profusion, perfuming the whole garden. This is
+one of the best climbing hardy plants that we know, and it ought to have
+a situation in every garden.
+
+_C. Virgiàna_, is of rapid growth, and well adapted for arbours; flowers
+small white in axillary panicles, di[oe]cious, leaves ternate, segments
+cordate, acute, coarsely toothed and lobed, in bloom from June to
+August. A native, and a little fragrant.
+
+_C. flòrida plenò_, is a fine free flowering plant, though generally
+considered a shrub, is more herbaceous than shrubby; the flowers are
+large double white; in growth will not exceed ten feet in one season.
+
+_Glycine frutéscens_, a beautiful native climbing shrub, known in our
+gardens under that name, but is properly _Wistèria frutéscens_. It has
+large pendulous branches of blue (leguminose) flowers, blooming from May
+to August; pinnated leaves with nine ovate downy leaflets; grows freely.
+
+_Glycine chinénsis_, is given to Wistèria, and is the finest climbing
+shrub of the phaseolious tribe. The flowers are light blue, in long
+nodding many-flowered racemose spikes, blooming from May to August
+profusely; leaves pinnated, with eleven ovate lanceolate silky leaflets,
+and is of a very rapid growth. We are not certain if it will withstand
+our winters without protection.
+
+_Bignònia crucígera_, is an evergreen which is very desirable in many
+situations, being likewise of luxuriant growth. It will cover in a few
+years an area of fifty feet; flowers of an orange scarlet colour,
+blooming from May to August.
+
+_B. grandiflòra_, now given to _Tecôma_, has large orange coloured
+flowers, blooming from June to August, and grows very fast. We are not
+positive that it will stand our winters without protection.
+
+_B. rádicans_, is likewise given to _Tecòma_, and is a native plant.
+When in flower it is highly ornamental, but it requires great attention
+to keep it in regular order, being of a strong rough nature; in bloom
+from June to August.
+
+_Periplàca græca_, is a climber of extraordinary growth. Well
+established plants grow thirty or forty feet in one season; flowers in
+clusters from May to July, of a brownish yellow colour, and hairy
+inside; leaves smooth, ovate, lanceolate, wood slender, twining, and
+elastic.
+
+_Hedéra Hélix_, Irish Ivy, is a valuable evergreen for covering naked
+walls, or any other unsightly object. The foliage is of a lively green,
+leaves from three to five angled. There are several varieties of it, all
+valuable for growing in confined shady situations where no other plant
+will thrive.
+
+_Ampelópsis hederàcea._ This plant is commonly employed for covering
+walls, for which the rapidity of its growth, and the largeness of the
+leaves, render it extremely appropriate. There are several species of
+the genus, all resembling the _Vine_ in habit and in flower.
+
+It is called by some _Císsus hederàcea_, which is certainly improper,
+this belonging to _Tetandria_, and the former to _Pentandria_.
+
+There are several other plants of a climbing habit, both curious and
+ornamental; but our limits will not admit of a detail.
+
+
+DECIDUOUS SHRUBS.
+
+Finish planting all deciduous shrubs in the early part of the month.
+These plants are generally delayed too long, the leaves in many
+instances are beginning to expand, thereby giving a check to the
+ascending sap, which we may safely assert causes the death of one third
+of the plants, when perhaps the operator or some individual more
+distantly concerned is blamed.
+
+These shrubs, if properly removed and planted at the exact starting of
+vegetation, pressing the earth close to their roots when planting,
+(previously taking care that the small fibres have not become dry by
+exposure,) will not, by these simple attentions, one out of fifty fail.
+Those that are late planted should have frequent waterings, and if
+large, firmly supported, that the wind may have no effect in disturbing
+the young and tender fibrous roots.
+
+
+OF PLANTING EVERGREEN SHRUBS.
+
+Now is the season to plant all kinds of evergreen trees and shrubs. In
+most seasons the middle of the month is the most proper time, the
+weather then being mild and moist; or if a late season, defer it to the
+end of the month. When planted earlier, they will remain dormant until
+this time, and their tender fibrous roots in that case frequently perish
+from their liability to injury from frost or frosty winds, being more
+susceptible of such injury than fibres of deciduous plants. They now
+begin to vegetate, which is the _grand criterion_ for transplanting any
+plant. The buds begin to swell, the roots to push, and if they can be
+quickly lifted and replanted, they will hardly receive a check. At all
+events care must be taken that they are not long out of the ground and
+exposed to the air, which greatly assists the success in planting. It
+may be observed that evergreens in general succeed the better the
+smaller they are, although we have seen plants, trees, and evergreens,
+successfully lifted upwards of thirteen feet high and fifteen in
+diameter, and carried several miles. By the second year there was no
+appearance that such operation had taken place. In preparing a hole for
+the reception of these plants, make it larger than the roots, breaking
+the bottom thereof fine, and putting in some fresh soil. Place the plant
+upright in the centre, putting in the earth and breaking it fine, and
+give the plant a few gentle shakes. When the roots are more than half
+covered, put in a pot or pail full of water, allowing it to subside,
+then cover all the roots, give a second or third pail full, and when
+subsided the earth will be close to all the roots. Cover with more
+earth, pressing all firm with the foot. Put more soil loosely on, which
+will give it a finished appearance, and prevent it from becoming dry,
+and not requiring mulching, which has an unsightly appearance. All that
+the wind will have any hurtful effect upon, must be firmly supported,
+especially large plants. If the weather sets in dry and hot, they should
+be watered as often as necessity shall direct.
+
+Those that are established, it will be necessary to go over them (if not
+already done) to cut off all wood killed in winter, and also to thin
+them if too thick and crowded.
+
+When the above is done, let every part of the shrubbery be dressed off
+as directed in _March_. Shrubs of all kinds will now begin to look gay
+and lively, which may be very much heightened or depreciated, according
+to the state in which the ground and contiguous walks are kept. Always
+keep in view that weeds are no objects of beauty.
+
+
+CARE OF CHOICE BULBS.
+
+_Hyacinths_ of the earliest sorts will begin to expand and show their
+colours, of which we can boast of a few as fine sorts in the vicinity of
+Philadelphia, as in any garden of Europe; but even these very superior
+sorts, when in bloom, are too frequently neglected, being allowed to
+stand without rods, stakes, or any means of support, likewise equally
+exposed to drenching rains and scorching suns; and the finest
+collections may be seen after heavy rains prostrate on the ground,
+whereas a few hours' trouble would give them the requisite support,
+thereby preserving their beauty much longer, and giving more
+gratification. As soon as the stems advance to any height, they should
+be supported by wires, rods, &c. and tied slightly thereto with threads
+of matting, or any other substitute, repeat the tying as they advance,
+avoid tying amongst the florets, because they grow by extension, and are
+liable to be broken off by so doing. The sun deteriorates the colours
+very much, especially the red, blue, and yellow sorts; whereas if they
+were simply protected from the sun by an awning of thin canvass, the
+colours would be preserved and the beauty protracted. If there are
+stakes drove into the ground on each side of the beds, about three feet
+high, with others in the centre about eight feet, having laths or hoops
+from the side to the centre, formed similar to the roof of a house, so
+that people may walk or sit under it, the canvass or awning being thin
+to admit of the light freely, the effect in the time of sunshine from
+the brilliancy of the colours is peculiarly gratifying. Where an awning
+is thus erected, it requires to be kept on only from nine to three
+o'clock in sunshine days, and during nights or time of rain, allowing
+the awning on the most northern side to come close to the ground when
+necessary, to shelter them from cold cutting winds.
+
+_Tulips_ in every respect should have the same care and protection,
+never neglecting to have the beds with a smooth clean surface, and the
+stems neatly tied up, although they are not in so much danger as
+Hyacinths.
+
+The properties of a good Hyacinth are, viz--the stem strong and erect,
+the florets or bells occupying one half of the stem, each floret
+suspended by a short strong footstalk, longest at the bottom, the
+uppermost floret quite erect, so that the whole may form a pyramid. Each
+floret well filled with petals rising towards the centre, that it may
+appear to the eye a little convex. Regarding colour, fancy does not
+agree, and the scrupulous cultivators differ materially. However the
+more pure and bright the finer, or a white with a pink centre, or the
+centre of the petals with a paler or deeper colour appearing striped,
+which is considered to have a good effect.
+
+Those of a good _Tulip_ are--the stem strong, elastic, and erect, about
+two feet high, the flower large and composed of six petals, proceeding a
+little horizontally at first, and then turning upwards, forming a
+flat-bottomed cup, rather widest at the top; the three exterior petals
+should be larger than the three interior ones, and broader at their
+base; the edges of the petals entire, free from notch or ruggedness; the
+top of each well rounded; the colour of the flower at the bottom of the
+cup ought to be pure, white, or yellow, and the rich coloured stripes
+which are the principal ornament should be pure, bold, regular, and
+distinct on the margin, and terminate in fine points elegantly
+pencilled. The centre of each petal should have one bold stripe, or
+blotch of rich colouring. The ground colours that are most esteemed are
+white, the purer the finer; or, on the other hand, the dark grounds, and
+of course the darker the better; but these vary in estimation, according
+to the prevailing taste of amateurs.
+
+
+ANEMONES AND RANUNCULUS.
+
+Moist weather and frequent showers are highly essential to the
+perfecting of these flowers, and if these should fail at this season of
+the year, artificial means must be used to supply the deficiency. Take
+a watering-pot without the rose, and run the water (river or rain water
+is best) gently between the rows, taking care not to make holes in the
+ground. When they have got a good watering at root, take the syringe and
+give them a gentle sprinkling in fine evenings, observing not to use
+force for fear of breaking the flower stems. In dry weather the result
+of a deficiency of water would be that the stems and flowers of the
+strongest roots will be weak, and make no progress, and many of them
+will not bloom; the foliage of a sickly, yellow appearance, from which
+they would not recover; and the roots when taken up of little use for
+farther transplanting.
+
+A good plan in dry seasons is to cover the ground between the rows with
+cow manure, which will prevent the moisture from evaporating, and the
+rain or water passing through it greatly enriches the soil, and
+strengthens the roots.
+
+
+AURICULAS.
+
+Having under this head last month given ample directions for the
+treatment of these plants previous to flowering, we refer to that head
+to avoid repetition.
+
+
+CARNATIONS, PINKS, &c.
+
+If any of these were omitted to be shifted last month, or planted out
+according to directions therein given, let it be done forthwith. Where
+they are still protected with frames, give them plenty of air, keeping
+the sashes entirely off during the day, keep the pots perfectly free
+from weeds, and give the foliage frequent sprinklings with water.
+
+_Polyanthus_ and _primroses_ will be exhibiting their beautiful flowers.
+They require the same treatment, and delight in moisture and a shaded
+situation. Do not sprinkle them while in flower, and keep them clear of
+weeds or decayed leaves, never exposing them to the sun. They are very
+hardy, and where required may be planted in very shady situations, for
+they will suffer more from the influence of the sun's rays than from
+frost. Those plants in pots in general that have been protected in
+frames, and are destined for the borders, should now as soon as possible
+be planted in their destined situations, having nothing to fear from
+chilling winds or frosts after the middle of this month, except in
+uncommon seasons. Those that are to be kept in pots, if not repotted, do
+it immediately, and give regular supplies of water.
+
+
+POLIANTHUS TUBEROSA FLORE PLENO.
+
+This very popular bulb, generally known as _Tuberose_, has been
+cultivated in England upwards of two centuries, whence we no doubt have
+received it, and now can return those of our production to supply their
+demand. The flowers are many and highly odoriferous, and of the purest
+white, and on a flower stem from three to five feet high. To have them
+in the greatest perfection, they should be planted in a lively hot-bed,
+about the first of this month in six inch pots filled with light rich
+earth, giving very little water until they begin to grow, when they
+ought to be liberally supplied with plenty of air, and about the end of
+next month they may be planted in the borders, providing a spot for them
+that is or has been well worked, and enriched with well decomposed
+manure. Secure their flower stems to proper rods. Previous to planting
+the roots, all the off-sets should be taken off and planted separately;
+keep the crown of the bulb level with the surface of the pot, and when
+they are replanted in the open ground, put them two inches deeper.
+
+But when the convenience of a hot-bed cannot be obtained, they will
+succeed very well if planted about the end of this month or first of
+next in the garden, in a bed of earth prepared for their reception. Let
+it be dug deep, and make the soil light and rich, by giving it a good
+supply of manure two years old, well broken and incorporated with the
+earth, adding a little sand where the soil is heavy. The black earth
+from the woods produced from decayed leaves is equally as good without
+sand. Having the ground in proper order, draw drills about two and a
+half inches deep, and eighteen inches apart; plant the bulbs (after
+divesting them of their off-sets) nine inches apart in the row, covering
+the crown of the bulb about an inch and a half. When done, carefully
+rake and finish off the beds. When they shoot up their flower stems,
+give them neat rods for their support. Plant the off-sets in closer rows
+to produce flowering roots for next year, because they seldom flower the
+second time.
+
+
+AMARYLLIS FORMOSISSIMA, OR JACOBEA LILY.
+
+About the end of this or beginning of next month, is the most proper
+time for planting out these bulbs. This flower is of the most beautiful
+and rich crimson velvet colour. The bulb generally produces two stems,
+the one after the other, about the end of May or first of June. The stem
+is from nine inches to one foot high, surmounted by a single flower,
+composed of six petals, three hanging down, three erect and recurved;
+the stamens droop on the centre of the under petals. The flower thus
+appears nodding on one side of the stem, and has a most graceful and
+charming appearance. If planted in a bed, prepare the ground as before
+directed for _Tuberoses_. Keep the rows one foot asunder, and the bulbs
+six inches apart in the rows, covering them two inches over their
+crowns. This plant is now called _Spreikèlia formosíssima_, and we think
+properly too, for its habit differs from _Amaryllis_.
+
+We have not the smallest doubt that in a few years, not only this superb
+South American bulb will adorn our flower gardens, but many of the rich
+bulbs of Brazil and South America generally will yearly exhibit to us
+the beauty of their colours and the beautiful construction of their
+flowers and foliage, of which we are now generally deprived, perhaps
+because we have not the conveniency of a proper hot-house for their
+protection during winter. But it will be found, in many instances, that
+these bulbs will do perfectly well to be kept dry in a warm room from
+October to May, when the heat of our summer is sufficient for the
+perfection of their flowers, and many species will ripen their seeds.
+The bulb that is known as _Amaryllis Belladónna_, now called _Belladónna
+purpuráscens_, is hardy.
+
+
+TIGER FLOWER.
+
+_Tigrídia_, a genus of Mexican bulbs belonging to _Monadelphia
+Triándria_, and produce the most beautiful flowers of the natural order
+of _Irideæ_. _T. pavònia_ is of the brightest scarlet, tinged and
+spotted with pure yellow. _T. conchiiflòra_, colour rich yellow, tinged
+and spotted with bright crimson. The colours are very rich, and purely
+contrasted. The corolla is about four inches in diameter, composed of
+six petals; the outer are reflexed, the flower of the largest, though
+splendid in beauty, exists only one day; but to compensate for that, a
+plant will produce flowers for several weeks; and where a bed of them
+can be collected, they will bloom in profusion from July to September.
+They like a light rich free soil. Lift the bulbs in October, and
+preserve them as directed in that month for _Tuberoses_. Be sure that
+they be kept dry, and secure from frost. A bed of these should be in
+every garden. A writer says, "it is the most beautiful flower that is
+cultivated." Plant them about the end of this or first of next month; if
+in beds keep them one foot apart each way.
+
+
+WALKS.
+
+The walks in general should be put in the neatest order during this
+month. Little requires to be added to the observations of last month,
+but if these have not been executed, fail not to have it done the first
+opportunity, choosing dry weather for the operation of _turning_ the old
+or adding new gravel to them, levelling, raking, and rolling neatly as
+you proceed. Always after rain give the whole of the gravel walks a good
+rolling. This being frequently done during the early part of the season,
+will be a saving of much labour and time through the summer. The walks
+having a firm surface, the growth of weeds will be retarded, and the
+heavy rains will not be so apt to injure them. Where there are any
+pretensions to keeping these in order, they ought to be picked of weeds
+and litter once a week, and gone over with the roller at least once
+every two weeks during the season.
+
+Sweep and divest the grass walks of all worm casts, litter, &c. cutting
+the edgings neatly. Mow the grass every two weeks from this time to
+October, sweeping off the grass clean each time, and give frequent
+rollings to keep the surface smooth. If any require to be laid with
+turf, delay it no longer. For directions see last month. The above
+observations on walks in general, will apply through the season;
+therefore we will not repeat this subject until October.
+
+
+EVERGREEN HEDGES.
+
+We have previously observed, under the head of Evergreens, that this is
+the best season for their replanting. We cannot pass over the
+observations of this month, without having reference to evergreen
+hedges, so much neglected amongst us, and yet so important to the
+diversity of aspect, and especially to soften a little the gloomy
+appearance of our winters. There are three indigenous shrubs, and at
+least one exotic, that are well adapted for the purpose, viz, _Pìnus
+canadénsis_, Hemlock-spruce; _Thùja occidentàlis_, American arbor-vitæ;
+and _Juníperis virginiána_, Red cedar. These are natives, and the two
+former are admirably adapted for the purpose. Where there is to be a
+hedge of any of these planted, select plants about two feet high; lift
+them carefully, preserving the roots as much as possible. Dig a trench
+from one and a half to two feet wide, and from one to one foot and a
+half deep. This will admit the soil about the roots to be well broken,
+which must be done in planting. Keep the plants in the centre of the
+trench, mixing the shortest and the tallest, that it may be of one
+height, putting the earth close about their roots as you proceed, and
+make it firm with the foot; fill up, and water as directed for
+evergreens in this month. If the season is very dry, give it frequent
+copious waterings.
+
+None of them should be topped for a few seasons, except such as are much
+above the others in height, keeping the sides regular and even by
+clipping or shearing once a year, either in this month or at the end of
+August. It is better to keep the top (when they have got to the desired
+height) pointed, than broad. The latter method retains a heavy weight of
+snow, which frequently breaks down, or otherwise deforms, that which has
+cost much labour to put into shape.
+
+
+BOX EDGINGS.
+
+Where these have not been laid, this month is the proper time. Do not
+delay the planting of such any later. For ample directions see _March_
+under this head. Clipping of those should be done about the middle of
+this month. There will then be no danger of frosts to brown the cut
+leaves, and the young foliage will not be expanded. To keep these
+edgings in order, they must be cut once a year, and never be allowed to
+get above four inches high, and two inches wide. What we consider the
+neatest edging is three inches high, two inches wide at the bottom,
+tapering to a thin edge at the top. It is very unsightly to see large
+bushy edgings, especially to narrow walks.
+
+The use of edgings is to keep the soil from the gravel, and the larger
+they are allowed to grow the more ineffectual they become; growing more
+open below as they advance in height. The operation may be done very
+expeditiously by clipping the tops level, going longitudinally along
+with shears for the purpose, called "box shears." Strain a line along
+the centre of the edgings, cutting perpendicularly from the line to the
+bottom on each side, leaving only the breadth of the line at top.
+Edgings, cut in this manner, every spring will always look well, and the
+trouble, comparatively, is a mere trifle.
+
+
+GRASS PLATS, &c.
+
+If these have not been laid down where wanted, delay it no longer, for
+which see directions in _March_; and where these are desired to be kept
+in order, they should be mown every two or three weeks at farthest; from
+this month to October when cut, the grass should be clean swept off, and
+the edgings, if out of order, adjusted. To mention this subject again
+will be only a repetition, therefore we will let this suffice.
+
+
+GENERAL CARE OF PLANTS COMING INTO FLOWER.
+
+Every part of the flower ground should be put into neat order, giving
+such plants about the borders as are shooting up their flower stems, and
+are tender, and in danger of being hurt or broken by the wind, proper
+sticks or rods for their support. In doing this, endeavour to conceal
+the rods, &c. as much as possible, by dressing the stems and leaves in a
+natural looking manner over them. Let the stakes be in proportion to the
+heighth and growth of the plants. It looks very unsightly to see strong
+stakes to short and weak growing plants. The tyings likewise should be
+proportionate.
+
+Examine all the beds and patches of seedling flowers now coming up, and
+let them be refreshed with water as it may be necessary, and pick out
+the weeds as they appear.
+
+We cannot leave this department at this season of the year, without
+enforcing the benefit and beauty that will result from keeping the weeds
+down during this and next month. Therefore strictly observe that there
+are none running to seed in any part of the garden; in fact, they ought
+not to be allowed to rear their heads above one day in sight.
+
+
+
+
+=Rooms.=
+
+_APRIL._
+
+
+We remarked last month, that about this season, where it is convenient,
+an eastern window is more congenial to plants than a southern. The sun
+becomes too powerful, and the morning sun is preferable to that of the
+afternoon. West is also preferable to south. Some keep their plants in
+excellent order at a north window. But the weather is so mild after
+this, that there is no difficulty in protecting and growing plants in
+rooms. They generally suffer most from want of air and water; the window
+must be up a few inches, or altogether, according to the mildness of the
+day. And as plants are more liable to get covered with dust in rooms
+than in any other department, and not so convenient to be syringed or
+otherwise cleaned, take the first opportunity of a mild day to carry
+them to a shady situation, and syringe such as are not in flower well
+with water; or for want of a syringe take a watering-pot with a rose
+upon it: allowing them to stand until they drip, when they may be put
+into their respective situations.
+
+
+DIRECTIONS FOR PLANTS BROUGHT FROM THE GREEN-HOUSE.
+
+Any plants that are brought from the Green-house during the spring
+months ought to be as little exposed to the direct rays of the sun as
+possible. Keep them in airy situations, with plenty of light, giving
+frequent and liberal supplies of water. Plants may be often observed
+through our city during this month fully exposed in the outside of a
+south window, with the blaze of a mid-day sun upon them, and these too
+just come from the temperate and damp atmosphere of a well regulated
+Green-house. Being thus placed in an arid situation, scorched between
+the glass and the sun whose heat is too powerful for them to withstand,
+the transition being so sudden, that, however great their beauties may
+have appeared, they in a few days become brown, the flowers tarnished or
+decayed, and the failure generally attributed to individuals not at all
+concerned. From this and similar causes many have drawn the unjust
+conclusion, viz. that "plants from Green-houses are of too delicate a
+nature to be exposed in rooms or windows at this early season." But
+every year gives more and more proof to the contrary. There are ladies
+in Philadelphia, and those not a few, whose rooms and windows at this
+period vie with the finest of our Green-houses, with respect to the
+health, beauty and order of their plants, and we might almost say in
+variety. Some of them have got above eight kinds of Camellias in their
+collections, which afford a continual beauty through the winter, with
+many other desirable and equally valuable plants. Exposure to the sun,
+and want of water, are the general cause of failures at this period. We
+have spoken so minutely and so frequently on these two subjects, that we
+think more repetition unnecessary. The plants generally are growing
+pretty freely by this time, and are not so liable to suffer from liberal
+supplies of water, observing never to give it until the soil in the pot
+is inclining to become dry, and administering it always in the evenings.
+
+
+FLOWERING PLANTS.
+
+Our directions last month under this head will equally apply now. The
+China _roses_ that are now coming plentifully in flower should be kept
+near the light, and in airy exposures, to brighten their colours,
+otherwise they will be very pale and sickly. _Geraniums_ too ought to
+have the like treatment.
+
+
+BRINGING PLANTS OUT OF THE CELLAR, &c.
+
+All or most of the plants that have been in the cellar during winter,
+such as _Pomegranates_, _Lagerstræmias_, _Hydrángeas_, _Oleanders_,
+_Sweet-bay_, _&c._ may be brought out to the open air any time about the
+middle of the month. If any of them stand in need of larger pots or
+tubs, have them turned out, the balls reduced, and put them in others a
+little larger; or where convenient they may be planted in the ground,
+except _Oleanders_, which do best to be a little confined. Be sure to
+keep the _Hydrángeas_ in shady situations. It will not be advisable to
+expose entirely the Orange and Lemon trees, until the end of this or
+first of next month. Where there are any scale or foulness of any kind
+collected on the foliage or wood, have them cleaned directly before the
+heat increases the one, and to get clear of the disagreeable appearance
+of the other.
+
+
+
+
+=Hot-House.=
+
+_MAY._
+
+
+Very few directions for this department remain to be given; except for
+shifting plants, and a few observations on those that are most desirable
+for the Hot-house; which we will do in this month, considering May and
+June the best months of the year for that operation.
+
+The days and nights will be very mild by this time, and the sashes in
+every favourable day should be opened both in front and top, so that the
+plants may be enured to the open air, which they will be exposed to by
+the end of the month, Leave in the beginning of the month the top sashes
+a little open every mild night, and gradually as the heat increases
+leave the front sashes and doors open. Continue to syringe them at least
+every alternate night, and if possible every night; and give them all,
+according to their respective wants, liberal supplies of water every
+day. Absorption amongst Hot-house plants is as great during this month
+as in any period of the year.
+
+
+OF REPOTTING PLANTS, &c.
+
+It is our candid opinion that this and next month are the best periods
+for shifting or repotting all or most of Hot-house plants. The end of
+August being the time always adopted around Philadelphia for that
+operation (and then they are done indiscriminately,) we will assign a
+few reasons for our practice.
+
+_First_, that it is not congenial to the nature of these plants to have
+their roots surrounded with fresh soil, when they are becoming inactive;
+_secondly_, that there is not a sufficiency of heat naturally to quicken
+them to an active state when they are encouraged; and _thirdly_, being
+thus in new soil while dormant, they have a yellow and sickly aspect
+until they begin to grow; and the foliage thus deprived of its natural
+vigour will not appear so healthful again. Whereas, if they are shifted
+or repotted in this or next month, at which season they are between two
+stages of growth, they immediately, on receiving fresh assistance, and
+by the increasing heat of the summer, make new growths, are perfectly
+ripened before the approach of winter, and never lose that verdureal
+appearance they have attained. These are our reasons acquired from a
+close practice and observation, and are not influenced by the doings of
+others which are so much aside. No practical operator especially, nor in
+fact any individual, ought to be governed by custom in regard to the
+treatment of plants, without having an idea as to why and wherefore,
+founded on the principles of nature, and governed by her unerring
+results.
+
+As many are desirous of having a knowledge of plants, before they order
+them, and likewise which are the finest flowerers and their general
+character, especially those who are at a great distance, and seldom have
+the privilege of seeing what is most desirable, our descriptions will
+be limited, and simply such as are given for the Green-house in March.
+
+_Acàcias._ Several of these are desirable in the Hot-house, for the
+grandeur of their foliage, beauty of flower, and a few of them as
+specimens of valuable medicinal plants. _A. Houstóni_, now _Anneslèia
+Houstóni_, is one of the most magnificent of the _Mimòsa_ tribe,
+blooming from August to November in large terminale spikes, of a crimson
+colour, stamens very long, and beautiful; leaves bipinnated in pairs.
+_A. grandiflòra_, likewise given to _Anneslèia_, and similar to the
+former in colour; has very large compound bipinnate leaves, with from
+twenty to forty pairs. _A. Catèchu_, flowers yellow, wood spiny, leaves
+bipinnated, about ten pairs. The inner wood of this tree is of a brown
+colour, from which the _Catèchu_ used in medicine is prepared. It is
+disputed whether _A. Véra_, or _A. Arábica_ produces the gum Arabic. We
+are inclined to think it is the latter, which grows principally on the
+Atlas mountains. The gum exudes spontaneously from the bark of the tree
+in a soft half fluid state. There are many others of this genus
+belonging to the Hot-house, but being shy in flowering, are not
+generally esteemed. Most of the flowers have the appearance of yellow
+balls of down, and are hermaphrodite. The pots should all be well
+drained.
+
+_Aloe._ These grotesque looking succulent plants are principally natives
+of the Cape of Good Hope, and consequently will do well in the warmest
+part of the Green-house, although when convenient, they frequently get a
+situation in the Hot-house. It is not requisite, except for _A.
+vulgàris_, known as _A. barbadénsis_; which has orange yellow flowers;
+_A. oblíqua_, now called _Gastèria oblíqua_; _A. dichótoma_; and _A.
+lineàta_, which is perhaps the finest of the genus. The leaves are
+beautifully striped, with red spines, flowers scarlet and green. These
+are the only ones that actually need heat during winter. They ought to
+have very little water, once a month is sufficient. They would grow
+without it, and several of them would also grow by being suspended in
+the house, without earth or any substitute about their roots, by being
+frequently sprinkled with water.
+
+Few of them are admired for the beauty of their flowers, but the whole
+are considered curious. They flower from May to September.
+
+_Ardísias_, about eighteen species. Plants highly esteemed for the
+beauty of their foliage, flowers, and berries. The most popular in our
+collections is _A. crenulàta_. It has rose coloured star-like flowers,
+in terminale panicles, and produces beautiful small red berries, which
+continue until other berries are produced the following year, and
+frequently there may be seen on one plant, the berries of three
+successive years, thus being a very ornamental plant and very desirable.
+It is vulgarly called the Dwarf ever-bearing cherry. It will keep in a
+good Green-house, but not grow freely. _A. solanàcea_ has large oblong
+leaves, narrowed at each end, and bears purple berries; _A. élegans_ has
+entire, oblong, shining leaves; _A. umbellàta_, once _A. littoràlis_, is
+the finest of the genus for abundance of flower and beauty of foliage.
+The flowers are pink, in large decompound panicles, the leaves the
+largest of all the species, oblong, wedge shaped, nearly sessile,
+entire, smooth, and reflexed. They are all evergreens, and the pots
+should be well drained. They are natives of the East Indies, and delight
+in a high temperature.
+
+_Aristolochias_, Birth-wort. There are several of these belonging to the
+Hot-house, but none of them deserving particular observation, except _A.
+labiosa_. The leaves are reniform, roundish, cordate, and amplexicaule;
+the flower or corolla is of a curious construction, being incurved, and
+at the base swelled or saccate with a large lip, and all beautifully
+spotted; colour greenish brown. It is a climbing plant, and requires a
+strong heat.
+
+_Astrap[oe]as_, three species. _A. Wallichii_ is a celebrated plant in
+Europe, and a few specimens of it are in this country. It has scarlet
+unbellated flowers, with an involucre, has twenty-five stamens united
+into a tube, bearing the corolla with five petals; leaves roundish,
+cordate, accuminate, very large with persistent, ovate wavy stipules.
+The plant is of easy culture, and grows freely, wood very strong.
+
+_Areca_, Cabbage-tree, ten species. They are a kind of palms, with large
+pinnated leaves, or properly fronds. In their indigenous state they are
+from six to forty feet high, but in the Hot-house they seldom exceed
+twenty feet. _A. catechu_ is used in medicine. _A. olerácea_ is
+cultivated extensively in the West Indies, and the tender part of the
+top is eaten by the natives. _A. montana_ is most frequent in
+collections. There is no particular beauty in the flowers. They are all
+easily grown, if plenty of heat be given.
+
+_Brunsvigias_ are all large bulbs from the Cape of Good Hope, and will
+keep in the Green-house during winter, but are better where they can
+obtain a situation in the Hot-house. It is a splendid genus, containing
+about ten species. Some of the bulbs grow to an enormous size, and all
+of them while growing require a liberal supply of water; but when
+dormant it must be wholly withheld, and they should have large pots to
+make them grow and flower in perfection. _B. multiflora_, flowers
+scarlet and green; the leaves lay on the surface of the pot. _B.
+latìcoma_, flowers pale purple. _B. Josephinæ_ has splendid rose
+coloured flowers, and is the most admired species of the genus: the
+foliage spreading, half erect, and glacous; flowers numerous, and in
+large umbels, on a stem two feet high, blooming successively; there is a
+variety that has striped flowers.
+
+Several other species have been given to different genera. _B. falcata_
+is now _Ammocharis falcata_; _B. marginata_, now _Imhofia_; and _B.
+cilliaris_, is now _Buphone cilliaris_. They all flower in umbels, on
+stems from six inches to two feet; flowers lily-like with six petals.
+
+_Bambusa_, Bamboo-cane, two species. Plants of very strong growth, and
+are used in the East Indies, where they are indigenous, for every
+purpose in the construction of huts, for furniture both domestic and
+rural, for fences, boats, boxes, paper, &c. It is frequently used as
+pipes to convey water. The species thus useful, is _B. arundinacea_,
+which grows to a great height. We do not mention it as interesting in
+beauty, but as a valuable plant, for the many useful purposes to which
+it is applied. It requires to be kept wet.
+
+_Banistèrias_, a genus of about fourteen climbing evergreen plants.
+Three of them are esteemed. _B. fúlgens_, yellow flowers in racemose
+spikes, leaves subovate, and downy beneath. _B. Chrisophylla_ has
+beautiful foliage, as if covered with a shining gold coloured dust;
+leaves large, oblong, acute. _B. splèndens_, flowers in spikes of a
+yellow colour; foliage large and silvery like; the pots should be well
+drained.
+
+_Barringtònias_, two species. _B. speciòsa_ has produced a great
+excitement amongst cultivators, and is one of the handsomest plants
+produced within the tropics. The leaves are large, oblong, acute,
+shining, with fleshy nerves, tinged with red; the flowers are large,
+full of stamens with four petals, opens in the evening and fades at
+sunrise; colour purple and white; grows freely in strong heat.
+
+_Brôwneas_, five species of splendid plants, but scarce in collections.
+_B. coccínea_ has scarlet flowers in pendulous bunches, corolla
+semi-double, foliage bipinnate, in three pairs. _B. ròsa_, mountain rose
+of Trinidad. _B. grandicéps_ is the finest of the genus, leaves
+bipinnated; leaflets cordate, accuminate, downy and pendulous, flowers
+rose colour, in large close heads. Drain the pots well.
+
+_Calathèa zebrìna_, frequently known as _Maránta zebrìna_, and now
+_Phrynum zebrìnum_, is a plant unique in its appearance. The large
+elongated ovate leaves are beautifully striped with green and dark
+purple, and called _Zebra plant_. It has light blue flowers in ovate
+spikes, about the size of large pine cones. It is a herbaceous plant;
+but in the warmest part of the Hot-house retains its splendid foliage;
+requires a very liberal supply of water, and ought to be in every
+collection.
+
+_Cánnas_, about thirty species, several of them deserving cultivation
+both for flower and foliage; they are principally natives of the West
+Indies, and might all be easily obtained. The finest are _C. gigántea_,
+has large leaves and orange flowers; _C. limbàta_, flowers scarlet and
+yellow; _C. díscolor_, has large cordate, accuminate leaves of a crimson
+colour, the flowers are scarlet; _C. iridiflòra_, has large crimson
+nodding flowers, very different from any of the others, and the finest
+of the genus. They all, while in a growing state, require a liberal
+supply of water; and being herbaceous plants watering ought to be given
+up about the first of November, and renewed about the first of January,
+thus giving them a cessation which they require to flower freely; but
+when water is constantly given, which is the general plan in our
+collections, they continue to push weak shoots and few flowers.
+
+_Cáctus._ This extensive genus is curious, grotesque, interesting, and
+varied in character and habit; is now divided into six distinct genera
+according to their natural appearance and habit. We will describe a few
+of each genus, none of which going under the name of _Cáctus_, we will
+give them the six following.
+
+_Mamillàrias_, above twenty species, and are those which are covered
+with roundish bearded tubercles, and with small red and white flowers.
+_M. coccínea_; _M. simplex_; _M. pusílla_, and _M. cònica_, are good
+species, and will do well with water five or six times during summer.
+
+_Melocáctus_, seven species, and are those that are roundish with deep
+and many angles, with spines in clusters on the top of the angle. _M.
+commùnis_, is the Turk's cap, named from having an ovate conate crown
+upon the top, from which proceed the small red flowers.
+
+_M. macránthus_, has large spines; _M. pyramidàlis_, is a conical
+growing species. These require the same treatment as the last.
+
+_Echinocáctus_, about twenty species; are those that have many deep
+angles, and have a remarkable swelling, with each parcel of spines; _E.
+gibbòsus_; _E. crispàtus_; _E. recúrvus_; are curious in appearance,
+with small white and purple flowers. These three genera in most
+collections are not well known specifically, but it is easy to
+discriminate which genus they are connected with.
+
+_Cèreus._ This is the most magnificent genus with regard to the
+magnitude and beauty of the flowers, but not so closely allied. It takes
+in all those of a trailing or erect growing habit, having spines in
+clusters, solitary, or spineless. _C. peruviànus_ and _C. heptagònus_,
+grow very erect, and to the height of thirty or forty feet in Peru and
+Mexico, where they plant them close together as fences, and they are in
+a few years impenetrable. _C. flagellifórmus_ is a well known creeping
+free flowering species, has ten angles; will keep in a good Green-house,
+and produce in May and June a great number of blooms. The petals are of
+a fine pink and red colour; the tube of the flower is long, and will
+stand a few days in perfection, when others come out successively for
+the space of two months, and during their continuance make a brilliant
+appearance. _C. grandiflòrus_ is the celebrated "Night-blooming Cereus."
+The flowers are very large, beautiful, and sweet-scented. They begin to
+open about sun-down, and are fully expanded about eleven o'clock. The
+corolla, or rather calyx, is from seven to ten inches in diameter, the
+outside of which is a brown, and the inside a fine straw yellow colour;
+the petals are of the purest white, with the stamens surrounding the
+stile in the centre of the flower, which add to its lustre, and make it
+appear like a bright star. Its scent is agreeable, and perfumes the air
+to a considerable distance; but these beauties are of momentary
+duration. By sunrise they fade, and hang down quite decayed, and never
+open again.[E] One of these ought to be in every collection, and if
+trained up a naked wall will not occupy much room, and grow and flower
+profusely. They need very little water. C. _speciosíssimus_ has most
+beautiful large flowers, about six inches diameter; the outside petals
+are a bright scarlet, those of the inside a fine light purple. One
+flower lasts a few days, and a large plant will produce every year from
+ten to twenty flowers, blooming from May to August. It has flowered in
+some of our collections, and is highly esteemed. _C. triangulàris_ has
+the largest flower of the _Cacteæ_ family; the bloom is of a cream
+colour, and about one foot in diameter. In its indigenous state, it
+produces a fine fruit called "Strawberry Pear," and is much esteemed in
+the West Indies as being slightly acid, and at the same time sweet,
+pleasant, and cooling. It seldom flowers. C. _phyllanthoídes_, once
+_Cáctus speciósus_, is one of the most profuse in flowering; the
+branches are ensate, compressed, and obovate, without spines; flowers of
+a pink colour, about four inches in diameter; the stamens as long as the
+corolla, with white anthers. It will keep well in a Green-house or Room.
+If in either of the two latter, give water only a few times during
+winter. This is becoming a very popular plant. C. _Jenkinsòni_ is a
+magnificent hybrid from C. _speciosíssimus_. The flowers are equally as
+large, and of a brilliant scarlet colour, with a profusion of pure white
+anthers; is greatly admired, and is only in a few collections. C.
+_Ackermánni_ is very similar to C. _phyllanthoídes_, flowering equally
+as profusely, the colour a bright scarlet, and the scarcest species of
+the genus that is worthy of notice. C. _truncàtus_, branches truncated,
+flowers deep scarlet and tubular, from two to three inches in diameter;
+the stamens protrude from the corolla; the plant is of a dwarf growth
+and branched; when in flower it is quite a picture. It is said that
+there are free and shy flowering varieties of this species, but we doubt
+it; perhaps it is owing to the cultivation and soil.
+
+[E] They may be preserved if cut off when in perfection, and put in
+spirits of wine, in a chrystal vase, made air tight. A plant flowered in
+our collection in May 1830, at 12 o'clock at noon--the only instance of
+the kind we ever heard of.
+
+_Opúntias_, about forty species, and are those whose branches are in
+joints flatly oblong, or ovate, spines solitary, or in clusters. The
+plants are not so desirable for beauty of flower as the species of the
+former genus, but many of them are remarkable for their strong grotesque
+and spiny appearance; besides several of the species are extensively
+cultivated for the Cochineal insect. The one most valued for that
+purpose, is _O. cochiníllifera_, which has only small clusters of
+bristles upon the oblong ovate joints, and produces small red flowers;
+C. _ficus índica_, is also used, but is very spiny.
+
+_Peréskias._ About four species, and those that are of a shrubby nature
+producing leaves; _P. aculeàta_ bears a fruit called
+"Barbadoes-gooseberry." The flowers are very small and simple, spines
+about half an inch long, leaves fleshy and elliptical.
+
+The whole of the plants in the family of _Cacteæ_ require very little
+water, and delight in a dry warm situation. They do not agree with
+frequent repotting; once in two or three years to young plants, and in
+five or six to those that are established, with the exception of the
+large, free flowering species, which should be repotted once in two
+years.
+
+_Coffèa Arábica._ It produces the celebrated coffee, and is a plant
+universally known in our collections, and of easy culture. The leaves
+are opposite, oblong, wavy and shining, the flowers white, of a grateful
+odour, but of short duration. There is a plant known as C.
+_occidentalis_, which is now _Tetramèrium odoratíssimum_. It requires a
+great heat to grow well, therefore should be kept in the warmest part of
+the Hot-house. The flowers are white, in panicles, and larger than the
+common jasmine, and is very sweet-scented; leaves oblong, lanceolate,
+accuminate.
+
+_Callicárpas._ About twelve species, and are generally admitted into
+collections, though of no particular interest or beauty, except in the
+bright purple berries they produce, which is rarely. The foliage is of a
+rugose, hoary appearance.
+
+_Carolíneas._ About six species of tender plants, with large digitate
+leaves, and of handsome growth. The flowers have numerous filaments, and
+are large and singular. C. _insígnis_ has the largest and compactest
+blossoms; C. _àlba_ is the only one of the genus that has white flowers,
+all the others being red; C. _prínceps_ and C. _robústa_ are noble
+looking species, and are much esteemed. They require a good heat, with
+which they will grow freely.
+
+_Caryòtas._ A genus of palms. C. _ùrens_ is an admired species, produces
+flowers in long pendulous spikes, which are succeeded by strings of
+succulent globular berries. In its native state it produces a sweet
+liquor in large quantities, and no stronger than water.
+
+_Coccolòbas_, Sea-side grape. This genus is admired for its beautiful
+large foliage, which is oblong ovate, and cordate ovate; C. _pubéscens_
+and C. _latifòlia_ are the finest species. They bear berries in clusters
+like the grape, but never come to perfection in artificial cultivation.
+
+_Cùphea Melvílla_, is the only species of the genus that is particularly
+deserving of a situation, has lanceolate scabrous leaves, narrowed at
+each end, flowers tubular in a terminale whorl, colour scarlet and
+green. The plant must be well drained. It will flower from May to
+September.
+
+_Cròtons._ About twenty-eight species, few of them deserving
+cultivation; but the genus is celebrated for its beautiful C. _pìctus_,
+leaves oblong-lanceolate, variegated with yellow, and stained with red,
+flowers small green, on axillary spikes. C. _variagàtus_, variety
+_latifòlia_, is finer than the original _variagàtus_, the nerves in the
+leaves are yellow, and the leaves lanceolate, entire and smooth. To make
+them grow freely, give the warmest part of the Hot-house, and drain the
+pots well.
+
+_Cérberas._ About twelve species of strong growing trees, full of
+poisonous juice. C. _thevètia_ is an elegant plant, with accumulate
+leaves, and large, nodding, yellow, solitary, fragrant flowers,
+proceeding from the axil; C. _ahoùai_ produces a nut which is deadly
+poison. C. _odàllam_, once C. _mànghas_, has large star-like flowers,
+white, shaded with red. They are principally East India plants, and
+require great heat.
+
+_Cycas_, four species, generally called _Sago palm_, as an English name.
+The plant that _Sago_ is extracted from, belongs to another genus, (see
+_Sàgus_.) C. _revolùta_ is a well known palm, and will keep perfectly
+well in the Green-house. We have seen a beautiful specimen of it which
+is kept every winter in the cellar, but those that are kept so cool in
+winter only grow every alternate year, while those that are kept in the
+Hot-house grow every year, which shows that heat is their element. C.
+_circinàlis_ is a large growing species; the fronds are much longer, but
+not so close and thick. C. _glaùca_ is a fine species; the foliage is
+slightly glaucous. They require plenty of pot room, are much infested
+with the small white scaly insect, and ought to be frequently examined
+and carefully washed as prescribed in January.
+
+_Combrètums._ Nine species of beautiful flowering climbing plants,
+standing in very high estimation. The leaves of the principal part of
+them are ovate, acute, flowers small but on large branches, the flowers
+all coming out on one side of the branch. They have a magnificent
+effect. _C. èlegans_, red; _C. formòsum_, red and yellow; _C.
+pulchéllum_, scarlet; _C. comòsum_ has crimson flowers in tufts; _C.
+purpùreum_ is the most splendid of the genus. It was first cultivated in
+1818, and so much admired, that the whole of the species as soon as
+introduced, was extravagantly bought up, and none of them has retained
+their character, except _C. purpùreum_, which is now called _Poívrea
+coccínea_. The flowers are bright scarlet, in large branches, blooming
+profusely from April to September, and flower best in a pot. When
+planted in the ground it grows too much to wood, carrying few flowers.
+This plant ought to be in every Hot-house.
+
+_Cràssula._ This genus has no plants in it attractive in beauty. Several
+beautiful plants in our collections belong to _Ròchea_ and
+_Kalosánthus_. There is a strong growing succulent plant, known in our
+collections as _C. falcàta_, which is _R. falcàta_. It seldom flowers;
+the minor variety blooms profusely every year from May to August, and
+has showy scarlet flowers in terminale panicles. The plants known as _C.
+coccínea_ and _C. versícolor_ are now given to the genus _Kalosánthus_.
+The flowers of the former are like scarlet wax, terminale and sessile;
+_K. odoratíssima_ has yellow terminale sweet-scented flowers. They
+require very little water, only a few times in winter, and about twice a
+week in summer; they are all desirable plants.
+
+_Córyphas_, (Large fan Palm,) five species of the most noble and
+magnificent of palms. _C. ambraculífera_, the fronds or leaves are
+palmate; in Ceylon, where the tree is indigenous, they are frequently
+found fifteen feet wide and twenty feet long. Knox says they will cover
+from fifteen to twenty men, and when dried will fold up in the shape of
+a rod, and can be easily carried about, and serve to protect them from
+the scorching sun. _C. talièra_, now _Talièra bengalénsis_, being
+stronger, is of great utility for covering houses. They do not grow to
+such immense extent in artificial cultivation, but require large houses
+to grow them.
+
+_Crìnums_, about one hundred species, chiefly stove bulbs, many of them
+beautiful. Those that are of great celebrity are _C. cruéntum_, colour
+red; _C. scàbrum_, crimson and white; _C. amàbile_, purple and white;
+the neck of the bulb of the latter is long and easily distinguished from
+its purplish colour, and is considered the finest of the genus. Several
+specimens of it are in our collections. Their flowers are in umbels, on
+a stalk from one to three feet high; corolla funnel shaped; petals
+recurved. They require large pots to make them flower well, and when
+growing to be liberally supplied with water.
+
+_Cyrtànthus_, a genus of Cape bulbs, containing nine species, and will
+do very well in the Green-house, but we find the assistance of the
+Hot-house a great advantage. They are closely allied to _Crìnum_. The
+tubes of the flowers are long and round, with various shades of orange,
+yellow, red, and green. _C. odòrus_, _C. striátus_, _C. oblíquus_, and
+_C. vittàtus_, are the finest. When the bulbs are dormant, which will be
+from October to January, they should not get any water; before they
+begin to grow, turn the bulb out of the old earth, repotting it
+immediately. At this time they should be potted with the balls of earth
+entire, which will cause them to flower stronger.
+
+_Caryophyllus aromáticus_, is the only species, and the tree that
+produces cloves. The whole plant is aromatic, and closely allied to
+_Myrtus_; the flowers are in loose panicles, the leaves oblong,
+accuminate, entire. It is a fine evergreen. Pots must be well drained.
+
+_Dillènias_, three species of fine plants, with beautiful foliage. _D.
+speciòsa_ has produced considerable excitement in our collections. The
+leaves are elliptic, oblong, simply serrated, nerves deep; the flower is
+white, with five bold petals, centre filled with barren anthers; it has
+not been known to flower in America. _D. scándens_ has ovate, simply
+serrated leaves, but is not known as to flower; it is a fine climber.
+
+_Dracænas_, Dragon-tree, about twelve species of Asiatic plants, varied
+in character. _D. férrea_ is plentiful in our collections, and will keep
+in the Green-house; but the foliage is not so well retained as when kept
+in the Hot-house; the leaves are lanceolate, acute, of a dark purple
+colour. _D. fràgrans_, when in bloom, will scent the air for a
+considerable distance, leaves green and lanceolate. _D. marginàta_ is
+rare, yet it is to be seen in a few of our collections. _D. strícta_ is
+now _Charlwòodia_[F] _strícta_, flowers blush and in loose panicles. _D.
+Dráco_ is admired, and the most conspicuous of the genus.
+
+[F] In honour of Mr. Charlwood, an extensive seedsman of London, who has
+made several botanical excursions on this continent.
+
+_Eránthemums_, about ten species. _E. pulchéllum_ and _E. bícolor_ are
+the finest of the genus; the former is in our collections, but miserably
+treated. The soil in which it is grown is too stiff and loamy, and it
+seldom gets enough of heat. The latter is indispensable to make it
+flower in perfection; therefore it should have the warmest part of the
+house, and it will produce flowers of a fine blue colour from January to
+September. The flowers of the latter are white and dark purple, with a
+few brown spots in the white; blooms from April to August. Drain the
+pots well, and give the plants little sun during summer.
+
+_Eugènias_, about thirty species, esteemed for their handsome evergreen
+foliage. This genus once contained a few celebrated species, which have
+been divided. (See _Jambòsa_.) The Allspice tree, known as _Myrtus
+Piménta_, is now _E. Piménta_; the leaves are ovate, lanceolate, and
+when broken have an agreeable scent. There are several varieties all of
+the same spicy fragrance. The plant is in very few of our collections.
+_E. fràgrans_ is sweet scented; the flowers are on axillary peduncles;
+leaves ovate, obtuse.
+
+_Euphórbia_ (spurg), a genus of plants disseminated over every quarter
+of the globe; a few are beautiful, many grotesque, and several the most
+worthless weeds on the earth. There are about two hundred species, and
+from all of them, when probed, a thick milky fluid exudes. Those of the
+tropics are the most curious, and very similar in appearance to
+_Cáctus_, but easily detected by the above perforation. There is a
+magnificent species in our collections, which was lately introduced from
+Mexico.[G] It goes under the name of _E. heterophylla_. The flowers of
+the whole genus are apetalous, and the beauty is in the bracteæ; of the
+species alluded to the bracteæ is bright crimson, very persistent, and
+above six inches in diameter, when well grown. The plant requires a
+strong heat, or the foliage will become yellow and fall off. We question
+whether this species is nondescript or as above. It is a brilliant
+ornament to the Hot-house three fourths of the year, and always during
+winter, and should have a situation in every tropical collection.
+
+[G] By Poinsett the American Consul for Mexico in 1828.
+
+_Erythrìnas_ (Coral tree), a genus containing about thirty species of
+leguminose, scarlet-flowering plants. Several species are greatly
+esteemed for their beauty and profusion of flowers, which in well
+established plants are produced in long spikes at the end of the stems
+and branches. _E. Corallodéndrum_ blooms magnificently in the West
+Indies, but in our collections has never flowered. Perhaps if it was
+kept dry during its dormant season, which is from November to January,
+and when growing greatly encouraged, it might produce flowers. _E.
+speciòsa_ is a splendid flowerer, leaves large, ternated, and prickly
+beneath; stem prickly. _E. pubéscens_ is valued for its large peculiar
+brown pubescent leaves.
+
+In regard to _E. herbàcea_, which is a native of the Carolinas, and
+frequently treated as a Hot-house plant, it is our opinion that it would
+be more perfectly grown if planted about the first of this month in the
+garden; and when growing, if well supplied with water, it would flower
+from July to September. About the first of November lift the roots and
+preserve them in half dry earth, in the same place with the _Dáhlias_.
+_E. laurifòlia_ and _E. crísta-gálli_ are likewise often treated as
+Hot-house plants, and in such situations they cast prematurely their
+first flowers, by the confined state of the air. They will keep in
+perfect preservation during winter in a dry cellar, half covered with
+earth, or entirely covered with half dry earth; consequently, the best
+and easiest method of treatment, is to plant them in the garden about
+the first of May, and when growing, if the ground becomes dry, give them
+frequent waterings. They will flower profusely three or four times in
+the course of summer.
+
+We freely recommend the last species to all our patrons, confident that
+it will give ample satisfaction, both in profusion of flower and beauty
+of colour. The soil they are to be planted into should be according to
+that prescribed in the list; or if they are kept in pots, they must be
+enlarged three or four times, when they are in a growing state, to make
+them flower perfectly; otherwise they will be diminutive.
+
+_Fìcus_, Fig-tree, a genus containing above fifty Hot-house species,
+besides several that belong to the Green-house; greatly admired for the
+beauty of their foliage. A few of them are deciduous, and all of the
+easiest culture. We have seen plants of _F. elástica_ hung in the back
+of the Hot-house, without the smallest particle of earth, their only
+support being sprinklings of water every day. _F. Brássii_ is the finest
+looking species that has come under our observation; the leaves are very
+large, shining, cordate, accuminate; nerves strong and white. As the
+beauty of these plants is entirely in the foliage and habit, we will
+select the best of them in the list to which we refer.
+
+_Gærtnèra racemòsa_, is a large climbing woody shrub, with pinnated
+leaves, leaflets ovate, lanceolate, flowers white, five petaled,
+beautifully fringed; blooms in dense panicles. When the plants are
+allowed to climb, they do not flower freely; but if closely cut in, they
+will flower every year in great profusion, after the plants are well
+established. It is now called _Hiptàge Madablòta_.
+
+_Geissomèria longiflòra._ This is a new genus, and closely allied to
+_Ruéllia_. The species alluded to, is a free flowerer, blooming from May
+to August, in close spikes of a scarlet colour; leaves opposite, ovate,
+elongate, and shining; the plants must be well drained, and in summer
+kept from the direct influence of the sun.
+
+_Gardènias_, a genus containing about seventeen species, several of them
+very popular in our collections, going under the name of _Cape Jasmine_,
+which do well in the Green-house, (see _May_.) The species requiring
+this department, and deserving attention, are _G. campanulàta_, of a
+soft woody nature, with ovate, accuminate leaves; flowers of a straw
+colour, and solitary; _G. am[oe]na_, the flowers are white, tinged with
+crimson, terminale and solitary; _G. costàta_, admired for its beautiful
+ribbed foliage, _G. lùcida_ has a handsome, ovate, accuminate, shining
+foliage; flowers white and solitary. They require to have the pots well
+drained.
+
+_Heritièra littóralis_, Looking-glass plant. This plant is unisexual,
+has beautiful large, ovate, veiny leaves; the flowers are small, red,
+with male and female on the same plant, but different flowers. It
+requires a strong heat, and plenty of pot room. How the English name
+becomes applicable to it, we are not acquainted.
+
+_Hibíscus._ This genus affords many fine species and varieties of
+plants for the Hot-house, besides others for every department of the
+garden. The most popular in our collections for the Hot-house, is _H.
+Ròsa sinénsis_, with its varieties, which are magnificent, and flower
+profusely, from April to September. The single or original species is
+seldom seen in cultivation; the varieties are _H. Ròsa sinénsis rùbro
+plénus_, double red; _H. R. S. cárnea plènus_, double salmon; _H. R. S.
+variegàtus_, double striped; _H. R. S. flávo-plènus_, double buff; _H.
+R. S. lùtea plènus_, double yellow, or rather sulphur. The plants grow
+freely, and produce their flowers three or four inches of diameter, from
+the young wood; the leaves are ovate, accuminate, smooth, entire at the
+base and coarsely toothed at the end. All the varieties are of the same
+character, and highly deserving of a situation in every collection.
+There is said to be a double white variety, which we doubt; it is not in
+artificial cultivation. _H. mutàbilis flòre plèno_ is a splendid plant
+of strong growth, and will, when well established, flower abundantly, if
+the wood of last year is cut to within a few eyes of the wood of the
+previous year; the flowers are produced on the young wood, and come out
+a pale colour, and change to bright red, and about the size of a garden
+Provins rose; leaves downy, cordate, angular, five-lobed, accuminate,
+and slightly toothed. _H. lilliiflòrus_, is a new highly esteemed
+species; the flowers are various in colour, being pink, blush, red,
+purple, and striped. We have not seen it in flower, but had its
+character verbally, from a respectable cultivator. The leaves vary in
+character, but are generally cordate, crenate, accuminate; the petioles
+are brown, and the whole slightly hirsute; is deciduous, and requires to
+be kept in the warmest part of the house.
+
+_Hóyas_, Wax-plant, seven species. All of them are climbing succulents,
+requiring plenty of heat and little water. _H. carnòsa_ is the finest
+flowering species of the genus, and known in our collections as the wax
+plant; the leaves are green and fleshy; the flowers are mellifluous,
+five parted, and in pendulous bunches, slightly bearded, and have every
+appearance of a composition of the finest wax; of a blush colour. _H.
+crassifòlia_ has the best looking foliage, and the flowers are white.
+The former will keep in the Green-house, but will not flower so
+profusely.
+
+_Hernándias_, Jack-in-a-box. The species are rare, except _H. sonòra_,
+which is an elegant looking plant, when well grown; the leaves are
+peltate, cordate, accuminate, smooth; flowers white, and in panicles;
+the fruit a nut. The English name is said to have been given, in
+allusion to the small flowers and large leaves of the plant. A great
+heat is required to grow it well.
+
+_Ipomæas_, a genus of tropical climbing plants, nearly allied to
+_Convolvúlus_, but of greater beauty. _I. paniculàta_ has large purple
+flowers in panicles, with large palmated smooth leaves. _I. Jálapa_ is
+the true jalap of the druggists, but not worthy of any other remark. _I.
+grandiflòra_, large white flowers, with acute petals; leaves large,
+cordate, ovate. _I. pulchélla_ has flowers of a handsome violet colour.
+They are all easily cultivated. It is said that _I. tuberòsa_ is much
+used in the West Indies to cover arbours, and will grow three hundred
+feet in one season; the flowers are purple striped with yellow, leaves
+palmated. We are not certain but the roots of this kind may be kept like
+the sweet potato, and become a useful ornament to our gardens.
+
+_Ixòras_, a genus of fine flowering plants, and does extremely well in
+our collections in comparison to the state they are grown in England.
+The genus specifically is much confused amongst us, either from error
+originating with those who packed them for this country, or after they
+have arrived. _I. purpùrea_, leaves oblong, ovate, blunt; flowers
+crimson; it is now called _I. obavàta_. _I. crocàta_, leaves oval,
+lanceolate, narrowing towards the stem, smooth, underside of the leaf
+the nerves are very perceptible; flowers saffron coloured. _I. ròsea_,
+leaves large, regular, oblong, a little acute, very distant on the wood,
+centre nerve strong; flowers rose coloured in large corymbs, branching:
+_I. Bandhùca_, leaves very close to the stem, ovate, accuminate; nerves
+straight, middle nerve stronger than any other of the genus; flowers
+scarlet, corymbs crowded. _I. Blánda_, leaves small, lanceolate, ovate;
+flowers blush, cymes branching in three. _I. dichotìma_, leaves largest
+of the genus, ovate, accuminate, undulate, footstalk 3/8 of an inch
+long; whereas none of the leaves of the other species has footstalks of
+any length. It is now called _I. undulàta_, flowers are white. _I.
+grandiflòra_, leaves ovate, elongate, sessile; flowers in crowded
+corymbs, and scarlet; is called, _I. coccínea_ in the Botanical
+Magazine, by which it is known in our collections, and is the same as
+_I. strícta_. _I. flámmea_ and _I. speciòsa_, leaves oblong, subsessile;
+flowers scarlet, in round spreading dense corymbs. _I. fúlgens_, same as
+_I. longifòlia_ and _I. lanceolàta_; foliage glossy; flowers scarlet.
+_I. Pavétta_, the flowers are white, and said to be sweet-scented, the
+leaves of all the species are opposite; there are a few other species
+that we are not thoroughly acquainted with, but have been thus explicit
+to prevent error as far as possible in this beautiful genus. They are
+all evergreen, low growing shrubs; the plants grow best in Jersey black
+sandy earth, but flower most abundantly with half loam.
+
+_Jacarándas_, a genus of beautiful shrubs, containing five species, with
+_Bignônia_-like blue or purple flowers. _I. mimòsifolia_ and _I.
+filicifòlia_ are the finest. The former has blue, and the latter purple
+flowers; in loose branching panicles. They are evergreen, and easy of
+culture.
+
+_Jambòsas_, about twelve species, which have been principally taken from
+_Eugènia_, and contain its finest plants, and is a splendid genus of
+evergreen shrubs. _E. Jámbos_ is now _Jambòsa vulgàris_, which flowers
+and fruits freely in our Hot-houses. The fruit is about an inch in
+diameter, eatable, and smelling like a rose, hence called "Rose Apple."
+The petals of all the species are simple, and may rather be considered
+the calyx; the beauty of the flowers is in the many erect spreading
+stamens, either straw, white, rose, or green colour. _J. malaccénsis_,
+Malay Apple, is greatly esteemed for the delightful fragrance of its
+fruit. We frequently see _J. purpuráscens_, which is a native of the
+West Indies, going under _J. m._ which is an Asiatic species, with white
+flowers and entire oblong leaves; whereas the leaves of _J. p._ are
+small, ovate, accuminate, young shoots and leaves purple. _J.
+macrophylla_, white, and _J. amplexicaùlis_, green, have very large
+oblong, lanceolate leaves, and is of a strong woody habit. They are all
+easy of culture.
+
+_Jasmìnum_, Jasmine, is a favourite genus of shrubs, for the exquisite
+fragrance of its flowers, of which none are more delightful than _J.
+Sàmbac_ or Arabian Jasmine. There are two other varieties of it, _J. S.
+múltiplex_, semi-double; and _J. S. trifòliatum_, Double Tuscan Jasmine.
+The latter requires a great heat to make it grow and flower freely. We
+suspect there is another variety in cultivation. _J. hirsùtum_ has
+cordate downy leaves; flowers many, in terminale, sessile umbels. _J.
+paniculàtum_, white, flowering in terminale panicles from March to
+November; leaves smooth, oval, obtusely accuminate; _plant scarce_. _J.
+simplicifòlium_ is in our collections under the name of _J. lucidum_;
+plant spreading; leaves oblong and shining. There are several other
+species, all with white flowers, and generally easy of culture.
+
+_Játropha_, Physic-nut, is a genus of six strong growing shrubs, natives
+of the West Indies. _J. multifida_ and _I. panduræfòlia_ have the
+handsomest foliage, and both have scarlet flowers; the appearance of the
+foliage of this genus is the only object; the flowers are small, in
+coarse disfigured panicles, and several of the species have not been
+known to flower in artificial cultivation. The seeds of _J. cúrcas_ are
+often received from the West Indies; the leaves are cordate, angular,
+and smooth. _J. manihot_, now _Manihot cannabìna_, is the Cassada root,
+the juice of which, when expressed, is a strong poison. They are all
+easy of culture: want of strong heat in winter will make them cast their
+leaves, but do them no other injury.
+
+_Justícia._ A few species of this genus are fine showy hot-house plants.
+_J. coccínea_ has large terminale spikes of scarlet flowers, blooming
+from December to March, and a very desirable plant, of easy culture, and
+should be in every collection; it is apt to grow spindly, if not kept
+near the glass. _I. picta_, with its varieties; _I. lúcida_ and _I.
+formósa_, are fine shrubby species. _I. speciòsa_ is a beautiful purple
+flowering herbaceous plant.
+
+_Kæmpfèria_, an Asiatic genus of tuberose rooted plants; none of them in
+our collections, except _K. rotúnda_; the flowers come up a few inches
+above the pot, without the leaves, in April and May and frequently
+sooner; they are purple and light blue, partially streaked and spotted;
+leaves large, oblong, purplish coloured beneath. The roots when dormant
+ought to be kept in the pot without watering, otherwise they will not
+flower freely. No bulbs or strong tuberose rooted plants, will flower in
+perfection if kept moist when they are not growing.
+
+_Lantàna_, a genus of twenty species, all free flowering shrubs; the
+flowers are small, in round heads blooming from the axils, in yellow,
+orange, pink, white, and changeable colours; the plants are of such a
+rough straggling growth, that they are not esteemed. There are four or
+five species in our collections. They will not bear a strong fumigation;
+therefore, when the Hot-house is under that operation, they must be set
+down in the pathway, or other low part in the house.
+
+_Latànias._ This genus contains three species of handsome palms. _L.
+borbònica_ is one of the finest of the _Palmæ_, not growing to great
+magnitude; the leaves or fronds are plaited flabelliform, leaflets
+smooth at the edge, footstalk spiny, and the plant spreading. _L.
+rùbra_, fronds same as the former, but leaflets more divided and
+serrulate; footstalk unarmed; foliage reddish. _L. glaucophylla_, same
+as _L. rùbra_, only the foliage glaucous. They are all valuable plants,
+and are obtained by seed from the East Indies. They require plenty of
+pot room.
+
+_Laúrus._ This genus, though of no beauty in flower, is generally
+admired in collections for its fine evergreen foliage, and aromatic or
+spicy flavour, and several trees are important in medicine. The most
+esteemed are given to a genus named _Cinnamòmum_, as has been observed
+in the Green-house, (see _March_.) _L. Chloróxylon_ is the Cogwood of
+Jamaica. _L. Pérsea_ is now _Pérsea gratíssima_, Alligator-pear, a fruit
+about the size of a large pear, and greatly esteemed in the West Indies.
+The plant is generally known in our collections. _C. vérum_ is the true
+Cinnamon of commerce.
+
+The part taken is the inside of the bark when the tree is from five to
+eighteen years old. The leaves are three-nerved, ovate, oblong; nerves
+vanishing towards the point, bright green above, pale beneath, with
+whitish veins. This plant ought to be kept in the warmest part of the
+Hot-house. C. _cássia_, is frequently given under the former name, but
+when compared may be easily detected by the leaves being more
+lanceolate, and a little pubescent. They both make handsome plants, but
+require great heat. Drain the pots well of the delicate sorts.
+
+_Magnífera_, Mango tree. There are two species. _M. índica_ is in our
+collections, and bears a fruit which is so highly esteemed in the East
+Indies, as to be considered preferable to any other except very fine
+pine apples. The leaves are lanceolate, and from six to eight inches
+long, and two or more broad. The flowers are produced in loose bunches
+at the end of the branches, but of no beauty, and have to be
+artificially impregnated, or it will scarcely produce fruit. The shell
+is kidney-shaped, and of a leathery, crustaceous substance. They contain
+one seed, and in their indigenous state are more juicy than an apple.
+Drain the pots well, as the roots are apt to get sodden from moisture.
+The other species goes under the name of _oppositifòlia_, but we
+question if it is not only a variety, for it has every character of the
+one just described.
+
+_Melàstoma_, was once an extensive genus, on which the natural order
+_Melastomaceæ_ is founded; but is now much divided into other genera
+contained in the natural tribe _Micomeæ_. There are about thirteen
+species remaining in the genus. They now display great unity of
+character, and many of them may be considered very ornamental. The
+finest are _M. malabáthrica_, rose-coloured; _M. sanguínea_, lilac; _M.
+decémfida_, purple; _M. pulverulénta_, red; and _M. áspera_, rose. There
+is a plant in several of our collections known as _M. purpùrea_ and _M.
+tetragòna_, which is _Ossæa purpuráscens_; leaves ovate, lanceolate,
+accuminate, five-nerved, pilose; the footstalk and nerves underside of
+the leaf covered with brown hairs; stem four-sided; flowers purple. All
+the species are easy of culture. _M. nepalénsis_ is a Green-house plant.
+
+_Malpíghia_, (Barbadoes-cherry,) about eighteen species, all beautiful
+evergreen trees or shrubs. They are easily distinguished by having
+bristles on the under side of the leaves. These bristles are fixed by
+the centre, so that either end of it will sting. We are not aware of any
+other plant being defended in the manner. _M. ùrens_ has oblong ovate
+leaves with decumbent stiff bristles; flowers pink. _M. aquifòlia_ has
+lanceolate, stiff, spiny leaves, and we think the most beautiful foliage
+of the genus. _M. fucàta_ has elliptical shining leaves, with lilac
+flowers. _M. glábra_, leaves ovate, entire, smooth; flowers purple. They
+all have five rounded clawed petals. The last species is cultivated in
+the West Indies for its fruit. The pots must be well drained.
+
+_Márica_, a genus of Hot-house plants, closely allied to Iris, between
+which there is no distinction in the leaves. The flowers of _M. cærùlea_
+are beautifully spotted with light and dark blue, the scape many
+flowered. M. _Sabìni_ has flowers similar, but not so dark in colour.
+M. _Northiàna_ has splendid white and brown spotted flowers, spathe two
+flowered. These plants when growing require a liberal supply of water,
+and to be greatly encouraged by frequent potting to flower well.
+
+_Mùsa_ (Plantain-tree), contains eight species, and is greatly esteemed
+in the East and West Indies for the luscious sweet flavour of its fruit,
+which can be converted into every delicacy in the domestic cookery of
+the country. M. _paradisìæa_ is the true plantain tree, has a soft
+herbaceous stalk, 15 or 20 feet high, with leaves from 5 to 7 feet long,
+and about 2 feet wide. M. _sapiéntum_ is the true Banana-tree; habit and
+character same as the former, except it has a spotted stem, and the male
+flowers are deciduous. The pulp of the fruit is softer, and the taste
+more luscious. M. _rosàcea_, M. _coccínea_, and M. _chinènsis_, are most
+esteemed in artificial cultivation for their flowers, and being smaller
+in growth. They all require a very liberal supply of water when growing.
+They do best to be planted in the soil, where there can be a small
+corner of the Hot-house set apart for the purpose. They will be
+ornamental, but if kept in pots they will never attain any degree of
+perfection.
+
+_Nepénthes_ (Pitcher plant). There are two species of this plant. _N.
+distillatòria_ is an esteemed and valuable plant in European
+collections. The leaves are lanceolate and sessile; from their extremity
+there is a spiral, attached to which are lublar inflated appendages that
+are generally filled with water, which appears to be confined within
+them by a lid, with which the appendages are surmounted; hence the name
+of pitcher plant. We have never observed these lids close again when
+once open. Writers have called it a herbaceous plant, but it is properly
+a shrub, never dying to the ground, having a continuation of extension.
+The pot in which it grows should be covered with moss, and the roots
+liberally supplied with water every day. It delights to be in a marshy
+state. The flowers are small and in long spikes.
+
+_Pancràtium_ is a genus of Hot-house bulbs, and now only contains five
+species. They are all free-flowering. Several of them are handsome and
+fragrant. P. _Marítimum_ and P. _verecúndum_ are the finest; the flowers
+are white, in large umbels; petals long, recurved, and undulate. P.
+_littoràlis_, P. _speciòsum_, and P. _caribæum_, are now given to the
+genus _Hymenocállis_, and are fine flowering species. Care must be taken
+not to give them much water while dormant. The soil ought at that time
+to be in a half dry state. They are in flower from May to August.
+
+_Polyspòra axillàris_, once called _Caméllia axillàris_, though in
+appearance it has no characteristic of a _Caméllia_, and has been
+frequently killed in the Green-house by being too cold for its nature;
+leaves oblong, obovate, towards the extremity serrulate. The leaves on
+the young wood are entire. Flowers white; petals a little notched. It is
+worthy of a situation in every collection.
+
+_Passiflòra_, "Passion-Flower, so named on account of its being supposed
+to represent in the appendages of its flower the Passion of Jesus
+Christ." There are about fifty species, all climbing plants, that
+belong to the Hot-house. Many are of no ordinary beauty; a few species
+are odoriferous; others bear edible fruits, though not rich in flavour.
+P. _alàta_ is in our collections, and greatly admired; the flowers are
+red, blue, and white, beautifully contrasted, and flower profusely in
+pots. P. _racemòsa_, has red flowers, and one of the most profuse in
+flowering. P. _cærùleo-racemòsa_, purple and red, and by many thought to
+be the finest of the genus. P. _quadrangulàris_ has beautiful red and
+white flowers. The plant is in several collections, but has seldom
+flowered; it requires to be planted in the ground to make it flower
+freely, and it will also produce fruit. P. _filamentòsa_ is white and
+blue, and a good flowerer. P. _picturàta_ is a scarce and beautiful
+variously coloured species. There are many other fine species, but these
+are the most esteemed sorts; and when well established will flower
+profusely from May to August. They are desirable in every collection,
+and will take only a small space to hold them, by training the vines up
+the rafters of the Hot-house.
+
+_Pandànus_, Screw Pine. There are above twenty species in this genus,
+several of them very interesting, but none so greatly admired as P.
+_odoratíssimus_. The leaves in established plants are from four to six
+feet long, on the back and edges spiny; are spreading, imbricated, and
+embracing the stem, and placed in three spiral rows upon it. The top
+soon becomes heavy when the plant throws out prongs one, two, or three
+feet up the stem in an oblique descending direction, which take root in
+the ground, and thus become perfectly supported. It is cultivated in
+Japan for its delightful fragrance, and it is said, "of all the
+perfumes, it is by far the richest and most powerful." P. _ùtilis_, red
+spined. We question this species, and are inclined to believe that it is
+the former, only when the plants are newly raised from seed, the spines
+and leaves are red, changing to green as they become advanced in age.
+The plants are easy of culture, and will grow almost in any soil.
+
+_Pterospérmum_, five species of plants that have very curiously
+constructed flowers, of a white colour, and fragrant; the foliage is of
+a brown rusty nature, and before expansion silvery-like. P.
+_suberifòlium_ is in several of our collections, and esteemed. P.
+_semisagittàtum_ has fringed bractæa; leaves oblong, accuminate, entire,
+sagittate on one side.
+
+_Plumèrias_, above twenty species. Plants of a slow growth, robust
+nature, and are deciduous. The foliage is greatly admired. The plants
+are shy to flower, but are brilliant in colour. P. _acuminàta_, has
+lanceolate, acute leaves; flowers corymbose and terminale. P. _trícolor_
+has oblong, acute, veiny leaves; corolla red, yellow, and white. This
+and P. _rùbra_ are the finest of the genus. They ought not to get any
+water while not in a growing state.
+
+_Ph[oe]nix_, Date-palm, about eight species, principally Asiatic plants.
+The foliage is not so attractive as many others of the palm family, but
+it is rendered interesting by producing a well known fruit called Date.
+P. _dactylífera_ will do very well in a common Green-house. In Arabia,
+Upper Egypt, and Barbary, it is much used in domestic economy. P.
+_paludósa_ has the most beautiful foliage, and the best habit. The
+flowers are di[oe]cious.
+
+_Roscòea._ A genus of about five species, all pretty, but not much
+known. _R. purpùrea_ has been introduced into our collections, and is
+the finest of the genus. The flowers are light purple, large, and in
+terminale sheaths at the top of the stem. _R. spicàta_ and _R. capitàta_
+are both fine species, with blue flowers. They are all herbaceous, with
+strong half tuberous roots, requiring little water while dormant, and a
+liberal supply when growing.
+
+_Ruéllia._ There are a few species, very pretty free flowering plants,
+of easy culture. _R. formòsa_, flowers long, of a fine scarlet colour;
+plant half shrubby. _R. fulgída_ has bright scarlet flowers on axillary
+long stalked fascicles. _R. persicifòlia_, with unequal leaves, and
+light blue flowers, is now called _R. anisophylla_; and the true one has
+oblong, wavy, leaves, deeply nerved, petioles long; flowers yellow,
+sessile, in axillary and terminale heads, stem erect. One healthy plant
+will be frequently in flower from January to June. This species ought to
+be in every collection, both for its beauty of flower and foliage.
+
+_Rhápis_, a genus of palms, that will grow very freely with heat, and
+room at the roots. _R. flabellifórmis_ is an erect growing palm, with a
+spreading head. It is a native of China.
+
+_Thunbérgia_, a genus containing six climbing plants, of a half shrubby
+nature. Some of them have a fragrant odour. _T. coccínea_, red; _T.
+grandiflòra_, blue; _T. fràgrans_, sweet-scented; _T. alàta_, has
+pretty buff and purple flowers, which are in great profusion. We are not
+certain but the latter will make a beautiful annual in the
+Flower-garden. It seeds freely, and from the time of sowing until
+flowering is about two months, if the heat is brisk. If sown in May,
+they will bloom from July until killed by frost.
+
+_Sàgus_, Sago-palm. We are of opinion that the true palm from which the
+sago of the shops is produced, has not been introduced into our
+collections. It is very rare in the most extensive collections of
+Europe, but is not so fine as the one we have under the Sago, which is
+placed in the natural order of _Cycadeæ_; and Sagus is in that of
+_Palmæ_. The finest of this genus is _S. vinífera_ and _S. Rúmphii_.
+They grow to a great height; even in artificial cultivation they may be
+seen from ten to twenty-five feet. We have not introduced them here for
+their beauty, but to prevent error.
+
+_Solándra_, a genus of four species, remarkable for the extraordinary
+size of their flowers, and are considered beautiful. _S. grandiflòra_
+and _S. viridiflòra_ are the two best. The plants will bloom best if
+they are restricted in pot room, and are only introduced as being worthy
+of cultivation. If they are repotted once in two or three years, it is
+sufficient, except where the plants are small and want encouragement.
+
+_Strophánthus_, a small genus of beautiful tropical shrubs. The segments
+of the corolla are curiously twisted before expansion. _S. divérgens_ is
+a neat spreading shrub, with yellow flowers, a little tinged with red;
+the petals are about four inches long, undulate, lanceolate. _S.
+dichótomus_ is rose coloured, corolla funnel shaped. The plants will
+flower freely in a strong moist heat. Drain the pots well.
+
+_Swietènia_ (mahogany-tree), the wood of which is celebrated in
+cabinet-work. _S. Mahógoni_, common. This tree varies much in general
+appearance according to soil and situation. The leaves are pinnated in
+four pairs; leaflets ovate, lanceolate; flowers small, white, in
+axillary panicles. _S. fubrifùga_, leaves pinnated, in four pairs;
+leaflets elliptical; flowers white, in terminale panicles. The wood of
+the last is the most durable of any in the East Indies. They are fine
+plants, and require heat and pot room to produce flowers.
+
+_Tecòma_, a genus of plants closely allied to _Bignònia_, and are
+free-flowering; several of them much esteemed. _T. móllis_, _T.
+digitàta_, and _T. splèndida_, are the most beautiful of those that
+belong to the Hot-house. They have large orange coloured, tubular,
+inflated, ringent flowers, in loose panicles. There is a plant known in
+our collections as _Bignònia stáns_, which is now _T. stàns_; has
+pinnated leaves, with oblong, lanceolate, serrated, leaflets; flowers in
+simple terminale, raceme, and of a yellow colour, and sometimes known by
+Ash-leaved _Bignònia_. It will always have a sickly aspect, if not well
+encouraged in light rich soil. Drain the pots well, as much moisture
+disfigures the foliage.
+
+_Tabernæmontána_, a genus of little beauty, except for one or two
+species. A plant known in some collections as _Nèrium coronàrium_, is
+now, and properly, _T. coronària_. The variety, _flòre plèno_, is the
+one most deserving of culture, and will flower profusely from May to
+August; the flowers are double white, fragrant, and divaricating. The
+plant will lose its foliage if not kept in a strong heat; therefore
+place it in the warmest part of the Hot-house. _T. densiflòra_ is a fine
+species, but very rare. Drain all the plants well, and keep them in the
+shade during summer.
+
+_Thrinax parviflòra_, is a fine dwarf palm of the West Indies, with
+palmated fronds, plaited with stiff, lanceolate segments. The plant is
+of easy cultivation, and will grow in any soil.
+
+_Zàmia_, a genus of plants in the natural order of _Cycadeæ_. Several
+species of them are admired. _Z. média_, _Z. furfuràcea_, _Z. ténuis_,
+_Z. integrifòlia_, are the most showy that belong to the Hot-house. The
+whole genus is frequently kept in this department. They are all plants
+of a slow growth, and the beauty is entirely in the pinnated fronds,
+with from ten to forty pairs of leaflets. The pots must be well drained.
+
+Those genera of plants which we have enumerated under the head of
+repotting in this or next month, are composed of the finest Hot-house
+plants that have come under our observation. There are perhaps a few of
+them that are not to be found in the United States, or even on our
+continent; but the great object, in a choice collection of plants, is to
+have the finest from all parts of the known world. There are many plants
+whose nature does not require much support from soil, which is
+frequently observed in those that are mentioned. And there are many
+hundreds of plants desirable for beauty, ornament, and curiosity, which
+are not specified, our limits not permitting such an extended detail.
+Those whose nature agrees better with repotting at other periods, shall
+be noticed, especially those that are in the collections of the country.
+We have previously observed, that plants ought not to be flooded with
+water when newly potted, as it saturates the soil before the roots have
+taken hold of it; and that the best draining for pots is small gravel or
+potshreds broken fine. We wish it to be understood that when plants are
+repotted, any irregular branch or shoot should be lopped off, that
+cannot be tied in to advantage. And repotting may take place either
+before or after the plants are exposed to the open air, according to
+convenience.
+
+
+OF BRINGING OUT THE HOT-HOUSE PLANTS.
+
+Where the Hot-house is very crowded with plants, the best method to have
+them exposed without danger is, to take out those of the hardiest nature
+first, that have no tender shoots upon them, thereby thinning the house
+gradually. This may be done from the 16th to the 20th of the month,
+which will admit of a free circulation of air amongst those that remain.
+All may be exposed from the 24th to the 28th of the month. This is a
+general rule, though in some seasons there maybe exceptions. Having
+previously given all the air possible to the house, that no sudden
+transition take place, which would make the foliage brown, and otherwise
+materially injure the plants, choose calm days for the removing of them.
+
+There are few plants while in pots that agree with the full sun upon
+them; or if the plants receive the sun, the pots and roots ought not.
+The best situation for them is on the north side of a fence, wall,
+house, or other building, where they are excluded from the mid-day sun,
+and they should stand on boards or gravel, with the tallest at the back,
+firmly, tied to a rail or some other security, to prevent them from
+being overturned by high winds. A stage erected, where it is
+practicable, for the reception of the smaller plants, and they set
+thinly and regularly thereon, is preferable to crowding them with the
+taller sorts. And it may be desired to have some of the plants plunged
+in the garden through the flower borders. Of those that are so treated,
+the pots must be plunged to the brim, and regularly turned round every
+two weeks, to prevent the roots from running into the earth. If the
+roots were allowed to do so, it might for the present strengthen the
+plant, but ultimately would prove injurious.
+
+Where a sufficiency of shade cannot be obtained, it would be advisable
+to go to the expense of a very thin awning, that would not exclude the
+light, but merely the powerful rays of the sun, attending to roll it up
+every evening. Plants will keep in beautiful order by the above method,
+which amply repays for the trouble or expense. Avoid putting plants
+under trees; comparatively few thrive in such situations.
+
+When they are thus all exposed to the open air, it will be very little
+trouble to give them a gentle syringing every evening when there is no
+rain, and continue your usual examinations for insects: when they appear
+resort to the prescribed remedies. _Green-fly_ will not affect them,
+but perhaps the thrips. Give regular supplies of water to their roots
+every evening, and some will require it in the morning, especially small
+pots.
+
+
+SUCCULENTS.
+
+These plants are habituated to exposed dry, hot, situations in their
+indigenous state; and an aspect, where they would have the full
+influence of the sun, is the best, giving them water two or three times
+a week.
+
+
+
+
+=Green-House.=
+
+_MAY._
+
+
+About the first of the month, all the small half hardy plants may be
+taken out of the green house, and those that are left will be more
+benefited by a freer circulation of air, which will enure them to
+exposure. The _Geraniums_ ought to stand perfectly clear of other
+plants, while in flower and growing, or they will be much drawn and
+spindly.
+
+
+WATERING.
+
+We have advanced so much on this subject, another observation is not
+necessary; except as to succulents, which are frequently overwatered
+about this period. Before they begin to grow, once a week is sufficient.
+
+
+OF BRINGING OUT THE GREEN-HOUSE PLANTS.
+
+Those trees or plants of _Orange_, _Lemon_, _Myrtle_, _Nerium_, &c. that
+were headed down with the intention of planting them into the garden, to
+renovate their growth, should be brought out and planted in the
+situations intended for them. A good light rich soil will do for either,
+and the balls of earth might be a little reduced, that when they are
+lifted they might go into the same pot or tub, or perhaps a less one.
+This being done, the plants, generally in a calm day from the 12th to
+the 18th of the month, should be taken out, carrying them directly to a
+situation shaded from the sun, and protected from the wind. In regard to
+a situation best adapted for them during summer, see _Hot-house_ this
+month, which will equally apply to Green-house plants, except _Dáphne
+odòra_, _Dáphne hybrida_, and the Green-house species of _Coronílla_,
+which must be shaded from every ray of the sun, and even from dry
+parching winds. All Primroses and Polyanthus delight in shade. The
+reason of so many plants of the _D. odòra_[H] dying is from the effects
+of the sun and water.
+
+[H] On examining these plants, when the first appearance of decay
+affected them, the decayed part was without exception at the surface of
+the soil, which was completely mortified, while the top and roots were
+apparently fresh. This led us to conclude that the cause was the effect
+of sun and water on the stem. We have since kept the earth in a conical
+form round the stem, thereby throwing the water to the sides of the pot,
+and kept them in the shade. Previous to doing this, we had quantities
+died every year, and now no plants thus treated die with us.
+
+The large trees may be fancifully set either in a spot for the purpose,
+or through the garden. Put bricks or pieces of wood under the tubs to
+prevent them from rotting, and strew a little litter of any description
+over the surface of the soil to prevent evaporation, or about one inch
+of well decayed manure, which will from the waterings help to enrich the
+soil. A liberal supply of water twice or three times a week is
+sufficient. A large tree will take at one time from two to four gallons.
+We make this observation, for many trees evidently have too limited a
+supply. Continue to syringe the plants through the dry season every
+evening, or at least three times per week. All the tall plants must be
+tied to some firm support, because the squalls of wind frequently
+overturn them, and do much harm by breaking, &c. Keep those that are in
+flower as much in the shade as will preserve them from the direct
+influence of the sun.
+
+
+REPOTTING PLANTS.
+
+After the following mentioned plants, or any assimilated to them, are
+brought out of the house, and before they are put in their respective
+stations, repot them where they are required to grow well. _Aloes._
+These plants so varied in character, have been divided into several
+genera. These are _Gastèria_, _Pachidéndron_, _Riphidodéndron_,
+_Howárthia_, and _Apicra_. Of these there are above two hundred species
+and varieties. To enter into any specific detail, would be beyond our
+limits; but the catalogue at the end of the work will contain the finest
+species.
+
+_Amaryllis._ This is a genus of splendid flowering bulbs containing
+about eighty species, and one hundred and forty varieties. They are
+natives of South America, but more than one half of them are hybrids
+grown from seed by cultivators. They are generally kept in the
+Hot-house, but in our climate will do perfectly well in the Green-house;
+and we have no doubt that in a few years many of them will be so
+acclimated, as to keep as garden bulbs, planting about the end of April,
+and lifting them in October. As the beauty of these plants is in the
+flowers, it will be proper to give a small description of a few of them.
+_A. striatifòlia_, has a stripe of pure white in the centre of each
+leaf, the flowers are purple and white, an esteemed species. _A.
+Johnsòni_, the flowers are a deep scarlet, with a white streak in the
+centre of each petal, four bloom on a stem of about two feet, each
+flower about six inches diameter; a bulb well established has two stems.
+_A. regìna_, Mexican Lily, has large scarlet pendant flowers, tube of
+the flower fringed-like, with three or four on the stem. _A. vittàta_ is
+an admired species with scarlet flowers, striped with a greenish white.
+There are two or three varieties of it; corolla campanulate, three or
+four on the stem, about five inches diameter; petals a little undulate.
+_A. fùlgida_, flower scarlet, large tube striped, petals acute, two
+flowers on the stem. _A. áulica_ is one of the most magnificent, has
+four flowers about seven inches diameter, erect on a stem about two and
+a half feet high; six petals, strongly united to the capsule, bottom of
+the petals green, connected with spots of dark crimson, which spread
+into fine transparent red, covered with rich tints, nerves very
+perceptible, anthers bold. It is called crowned _Amaryllis_. _A.
+psittácina_, Parrot Amaryllis, is scarlet striped with green, two
+flowers on the stem, each about five inches diameter. There are several
+varieties of it; the best that we have seen are _cowbèrgia_ and
+_pulverulènta_. A bulb known in our collections as _A. purpùrea_ is
+_Ballóta purpùrea_, has beautiful erect scarlet flowers, three or four
+on the stem, each about five inches in diameter. There are three
+varieties of it, differing only in habit. _A. longifòlia_ is now _Crìnum
+capénse_, and is perfectly hardy; flowers pink, inclining to white, in
+large umbels, leaves long, glaucous, and is a desirable garden bulb.
+
+There are many other superb Amaryllis, especially the hybrid sorts; from
+_Johnsòni_ there are above twenty cultivated varieties; from _formòsa_
+above twelve; and from _Griffìni_ about ten, all of them esteemed. Where
+they have been kept in the earth in which they were grown last year, the
+ball ought at this repotting to be reduced; when the bulbs are done
+flowering, they ought to have little water, so that they may be
+perfectly ripened, which will cause them to produce their flowers more
+freely.
+
+_Araucària._ This noble genus contains four species, which are without
+exception the handsomest plants we are acquainted with, for the beauty
+of their foliage, and symmetry of their growth, that belong to the
+Green-house. _A. excélsa_, Norfolk Island Pine, has leaves closely
+imbricated as if with a coat of mail, and are imperishable. _A.
+imbricàta_, Chile Pine, is one of the grandest of trees, and is the
+hardiest of the genus; the leaves are also closely imbricated. The other
+two species are rarely seen even in European collections. The foliage of
+either of the species will adhere to the wood many years after the plant
+is dead. They are all highly valued, the pots must be well drained; for
+if the plants get much water while dormant, the foliage becomes yellow,
+and never attains its beautiful green colour again; otherwise they are
+easily grown.
+
+_Chamærops._ There are about seven species of these palms: four of them
+belong to this department, and are the finest of those that will keep in
+the Green-house. They all have large palmated fronds, and require large
+pots or tubs to make them grow freely, and are tenacious of life if kept
+from frost.
+
+_Gardènia._ This is an esteemed genus of plants, especially for the
+double flowering varieties, which are highly odoriferous, and have an
+evergreen shining foliage. _G. flòrida flòre-plèno_, Cape Jasmine, is a
+plant universally known in our collections, and trees of it are
+frequently seen above seven feet high and five feet in diameter,
+blooming from June to October. _G. rádicans_, dwarf Cape Jasmine, _G.
+longifòlia_, and _G. latifòlia_, are also in several collections, but
+not so generally known; the flowers are double, and all equally
+fragrant. We are inclined to think they are only varieties of _G.
+flòrida_. Any of the above will keep in the coldest part of the
+Green-house, and even under the stage is a good situation for them,
+where the house is otherwise crowded during winter. They must be
+sparingly watered from November to March. Much water while they are
+dormant, gives the foliage a sickly tinge, a state in which they are too
+frequently seen. _G. Rothmànnia_ and _G. Thunbérgia_ are fine plants,
+but flower sparingly; the flowers of the former are spotted, and are
+most fragrant during night.
+
+_Mesembryànthemum._ A very extensive genus, containing upwards of four
+hundred and fifty species, and varieties, with few exceptions natives of
+the Cape of Good Hope. They are all singular, many of them beautiful,
+and some splendid; yet they have never been popular plants in our
+collections. The leaves are almost of every shape and form; their habits
+vary in appearance. Some of them are straggling, others insignificant,
+and a few grotesque. When they are well grown, they flower in great
+profusion; the colours are brilliant, and through the genus are found of
+every shade; yellow and white are most prevalent. Each species continues
+a considerable time in flower. The flowers are either solitary,
+axillary, extra axillary, but most frequently terminale; leaves mostly
+opposite, thick, or succulent, and of various forms. They are sometimes
+kept in the Hot-house, but undoubtedly the Green-house is the best
+situation for them. They must not get water above once a month during
+winter, but while they are in flower and through the summer, they
+require a more liberal supply, and they seldom need to be repotted; once
+in two years is sufficient.
+
+_Strelítzia_, a most superb genus of evergreen perennial plants. They
+are greatly esteemed and highly valued in our collections. The finest
+flowering species are _S. regìnæ_ and _S. ováta_; the former is the
+strongest of the two, but in respect to the beauty of their flowers
+there is no difference. The scape arises about three feet, headed with a
+sheath which lies horizontal before the flowers burst forth. The sheath
+contains three, four, or five flowers, according to the strength of the
+plants. These arise erect, and pass in a few days to the bottom of the
+sheath, the one before the other. _S. hùmilis_ is another fine species,
+but the most rare are _S. agústa_, which has a leaf nearly like the
+plantain; _S. jùncea_, _S. parvifòlia_, and _S. farinòso_. The flowers
+of all these are yellow and blue, except those of _S. agústa_, which are
+white, and it flowers sparingly. A few species of these plants ought to
+be in every Green-house: they are vulgarly called Queen plant. While in
+flower they should be liberally supplied with water, but while dormant
+very sparingly. They will suffer sooner from the effects of too much,
+than too little water. The roots are strong tubers, and require plenty
+of pot room, and will thrive exceedingly where they can be planted in
+the soil.
+
+
+CAMELLIAS.
+
+These plants, when they are brought from the Green-house, ought to be
+set in a situation by themselves, that they may be the more strictly
+attended to in watering and syringing. An airy situation where the sun
+has no effect upon them is the best. They should be syringed every
+evening when there has been no rain through the day. After heavy rains
+examine the pots, and where water is found, turn the plant on its side
+for a few hours to let the water pass off, and then examine the draining
+in the bottom of the pots, which must be defective.
+
+
+CAPE BULBS.
+
+As soon as these are done flowering, and the foliage begins to decay,
+cease watering, and turn the pots on their sides, until the soil is
+perfectly dry; then take out the bulbs and preserve them dry until the
+time of planting, which will be about the end of August or first of
+September.
+
+
+
+
+=Flower Garden.=
+
+
+_MAY._
+
+It is highly desirable to have all the scientific operations as much
+advanced in the beginning of this month as is practicable, that at all
+times immediate attention may be given to the destroying of weeds
+wherever they appear.
+
+
+ANNUALS, HARDY AND TENDER.
+
+By the first of the month finish sowing all hardy Annuals and Biennials;
+and about the middle of the month all those that are tropical. The
+weather being now warm, they will vegetate in a few days or weeks.
+Attend to thinning of those that are too thick, giving gentle waterings
+to such as are weak in dry weather. Those that have been protected in
+frames should be fully exposed therein night and day; take the first
+opportunity of damp cloudy days to have them transplanted into the
+borders or beds, after the 10th, lifting them out of the frame with as
+much earth as will adhere to their roots.
+
+
+CARE OF HYACINTHS, TULIPS, &c.
+
+For the treatment of these while in bloom, see last month. The best time
+to take them out of the ground is about five weeks after they are done
+flowering, or when the stem appears, what may be termed half decayed.
+The best method to dry them is to place the roots in rows, with bulb to
+bulb, the stems laying north and south, or east or west. Give the bulbs
+a very thin covering of earth, merely to exclude the sun, so that they
+may not dry too rapidly, being thereby liable to become soft. When they
+have thoroughly dried in this situation, which will be in eight or ten
+days in dry weather, (and if it rains cover them with boards,) take them
+to an airy dry loft or shade, clearing off the fibres or stems, and in
+a few weeks put them in close drawers, or cover them with sand perfectly
+dry, until the time of planting, for which see October.
+
+It is not advisable to allow any of the bulbs of either Hyacinths or
+Tulips to seed, as it retards their ripening, and weakens the root,
+except where there are a few desired for new varieties. The small
+offsets must be carefully kept in dry sand, or immediately planted.
+
+
+ANEMONES AND RANUNCULUS.
+
+These while in bloom should be carefully shaded from the sun by hoops
+and thin canvass, or an erect temporary awning; and as soon as they are
+done flowering, they must be fully exposed, and the waterings given up.
+
+
+DAHLIAS, TUBEROSES, AND AMARYLLIS,
+
+That are not planted, should now be done. For full directions see last
+month. In many seasons, any time before the twelfth is quite soon
+enough; but nothing ought to be delayed when the season will permit it
+to be done. It is necessary to have them properly labeled.
+
+
+AURICULAS, POLYANTHUS, AND PRIMROSES.
+
+They will now be done flowering, but still must be carefully kept in a
+cool, shady situation, and all decayed leaves cut off as soon as they
+appear. Examine them carefully and frequently, in case slugs of any
+description be preying upon them. A dusting of hot lime will kill them,
+or they may be otherwise destroyed. Some have recommended to repot and
+slip those plants when done flowering, "or they will contract a
+destructive disease;" which disease is a loss of verdure, and is induced
+by too much heat and drought, and a few other causes from inattention;
+but if attended to as above until September, when they should be fresh
+potted, they will have time to be sufficiently established before
+winter, which is the most judicious time to take off slips, for two
+reasons, viz.--they do not need so much nursing through the most
+precarious season of the year (summer) for these plants, and they begin
+to grow, and will root afresh sooner.
+
+
+DOUBLE WALL-FLOWERS.
+
+As these are very seldom grown from seed, and are semi-biennials, art
+has to be used to preserve or renew them. About the end of this month
+take shoots of this year about three inches long, cutting them carefully
+off, and smoothing the cut end with a sharp knife; from this cut the
+lower leaves off about one inch and a half, and then put it in the
+ground; choose a very shady spot, mixing the soil with a little sand and
+earth of decayed leaves. Sprinkle them three times a day until they have
+taken root, which will be in a few weeks. Keep the cuttings about four
+inches apart.
+
+
+GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.
+
+We do not consider that it is essential every month to repeat the
+necessity of tying up plants, saving seeds when ripe, cutting down
+weeds, raking, &c. with many other similar observations. We have already
+been full on these subjects, and expect these to be remembered through
+the season. Particular care, however, is required to _carnations_,
+_pinks_, or any plants that have heavy heads and slender stems. If
+carnations are desired to flower strongly, cut off all the buds except
+three, leaving the uppermost and any other two of the largest. All
+climbing plants should have timely support, and tied securely every week
+while they are growing.
+
+
+
+
+=Rooms.=
+
+
+
+
+_MAY._
+
+
+All the plants will be able to withstand exposure, in the general state
+of the seasons, about the 10th of the month. Begin about the first to
+take out the hardiest, such as _Laurestínus_, _Hydrángeas_, _Roses_,
+_Primroses_, _Polyanthus_, &c. and thus allow the others to stand more
+free, and become hardened to exposure. The reason that plants are so
+often seen brown, stunted, and almost half dead, is from the exposed
+situation they are placed in, with the direct sun upon them, and too
+frequently from being so sparingly watered. There are no shrubby plants
+cultivated in pots that are benefited by the hot sun from this period to
+October. A north aspect is the best for every plant, except _Càctus_,
+_Aloe_, _Mesembryànthemum_, and such as go under the name of succulents.
+Where there are only a few, they should be conveniently placed, to allow
+water from a pot with a rose mouth to be poured frequently over them,
+which is the best substitute for the syringe. _Dáphne_, _Coronílla_,
+_Fúchsia_, _Caméllia_, _Primrose_, and _Polyánthus_, do not agree with a
+single ray of the sun, through the summer. There has been a general
+question what is the cause of the death of so many of the _Dáphne
+odòra_. It may be observed, that the first place that shows symptoms of
+decay, is at the surface of the soil, and this takes place a few weeks
+before there are evident effects of it. The cause is from the effect of
+heat or sun and water acting on the stem at least. If the soil is drawn
+in the form of a cone round the stem, to throw off the water to the
+edges of the pot, that the stem may be dry above the roots,
+mortification does not take place, neither do they die prematurely, when
+thus treated. For further remarks, see Green-house, this month.
+
+
+CAPE BULBS.
+
+Any of these that are done flowering, such as _Ixia_, _Oxalis_,
+_Lachenàlia_, &c. as soon as the foliage begins to decay, turn the pots
+on their sides, which will ripen the roots, and when perfectly dry,
+clear them off the soil, wrap them up in paper, with their names
+attached, and put them carefully aside until the time of planting.
+
+
+REPOTTING.
+
+Where it is required, repot _Cáctus_, _Aloe_, _Mesembryánthemums_, and
+all other succulents, with any of the _Amaryllis_ that are required to
+be kept in pots, also Cape Jasmines. For description of the above, see
+Hot-house and Green-house of this month, under the same head.
+
+
+
+
+=Hot-House.=
+
+_JUNE AND JULY._
+
+
+As the plants of the Hot-house are all exposed to the open air, the
+directions will include both months. If the repotting is over, as
+recommended last month, all the attention they will require until the
+end of August, is the administering of water at the roots, and by the
+syringe over head. It will be impossible to say how great are their
+wants, that depending entirely upon the nature of the plant, the
+situation, and the season; but never neglect to look over them every
+evening, and after very dry nights they will need a fresh supply in the
+morning, observing to give to none except they are becoming a little
+dry. Make weekly examinations for insects of any description, and when
+they appear, have them instantly destroyed.
+
+Always after heavy rains look over the pots, in case water should be
+standing in them, which would injure the roots. Where any is found, turn
+the pot on its side, and in a few hours examine the draining which is
+defective; small pots in continued rains should be turned likewise.
+
+Tie up all plants and shoots to prevent them from being destroyed by the
+wind, and be attentive to pick all weeds from the pots. Turn round all
+the plants occasionally, to prevent them from being drawn to one side by
+the sun or light.
+
+
+
+
+=Green-House.=
+
+_JUNE AND JULY._
+
+
+The plants being out of the house, there need be little added under this
+head. Their treatment is in the general, and the required attention is
+in giving water according to their different constitutions and habits.
+Where there are not rain or river water, it should stand at least one
+day in butts or cisterns, to take the chilly air from it, and become
+softened by the surrounding atmosphere. This is more essential to the
+health of the plants than is generally supposed. The small plants in dry
+weather will need water evening and morning. Continue regular syringings
+as directed last month. There are frequently rains continuing for
+several days, which will materially injure many plants, if they are not
+turned on their sides until the rain is over, especially small plants.
+The syringings should never be done till after the waterings at the
+roots, and they should never be seldomer than every alternate evening.
+Turn all the plants frequently to prevent them from being drawn to one
+side by the sun or light. Carefully look over them at these turnings, to
+detect any insects. And observe that the tuberose rooted geraniums, such
+as _Ardéns_, _Bicòlor_, _Trístum_, &c. are not getting too much water,
+they being now dormant.
+
+
+
+
+=Flower Garden.=
+
+_JUNE AND JULY._
+
+
+HOLLAND BULBS.
+
+The lifting of these will be general in June. For directions see _May_.
+It is not advisable to take up _Jonquils_, _Fritillària_, _Crocus_, and
+_Iris_, oftener than every alternate year; _Jonquils_ may stand three
+years. _Anemones_ and _Ranunculus_ should be carefully lifted after
+their leaves begin to fade. Do not expose them to the sun, but cover
+slightly with earth or sand until they are perfectly dry, when they may
+be sifted out of the earth, and put into drawers carefully labeled. Some
+recommend to soak these roots in soap-suds, to destroy a worm that they
+are frequently attacked with. We know not how far this may be carried,
+nor the good or bad effects, never having practised it.
+
+
+AUTUMN FLOWERING BULBS.
+
+These are _Amaryllis lùtea_, now called _Sternbérgia lùtea_; _A.
+Belladónna_, now _Belladónna purpuráscens_; and _Nerìne sarniénsis_.
+This is a beautiful flowering bulb, and requires the protection of a
+frame during winter. The old bulb seldom flowers oftener than two
+succeeding years, and then decays, but the off-sets will flower the
+second year; therefore when the old bulbs are lifted, they ought to be
+immediately planted, and receive every encouragement to strengthen them
+for flowering. _Crôcus satìvus_, _C Pallàsii_, _C. serotìnus_, and _C.
+nudiflòrus_, and all the species of _Cólchicum_, with species of several
+other genera not introduced into the country. They should all be lifted
+as soon as the foliage is decayed, and kept only a few weeks out of the
+ground, and then again replanted in fresh soil. The economy of the genus
+_Cólchicum_ in regard to its bulbs, flowers, and seeds, is altogether
+singular, and may be termed an anomaly of nature. In producing the new
+bulbs or off-sets in a very curious manner, the old one perishes. The
+flowers which arise with long slender tubes from the root die off in
+October, without leaving any external appearance of seeds. These lie
+buried all the winter within the bulb, in spring they grow upon a fruit
+stalk, and are ripe about the first of June. How beautiful and admirable
+is this provision! The plant blooming so late in the year, would not
+have time to mature its seeds before winter; and is, therefore, so
+contrived that it may be performed out of the reach of the usual effects
+of frost, and they are brought above the surface when perfected, and at
+a proper season for sowing.
+
+
+CARNATIONS AND PINKS.
+
+In order to make the former flower well, if the weather is dry, give
+them frequent waterings at the root, and tie them up neatly to their
+rods. The criterion of a fine carnation is--the stem strong and
+straight, from thirty to forty inches high, the corolla three inches
+diameter, consisting of large round well formed petals, but not so many
+as to crowd it, nor so few as to make it appear thin or empty; the
+outside petals should rise above the calyx about half an inch, and then
+turn off in a horizontal direction, to support the interior petals, they
+forming nearly a hemispherical corolla. The interior petals should
+decrease in size toward the centre, all regularly disposed on every
+side; they should have a small degree of concavity at the lamina or
+broad end, the edges perfectly entire. The calyx above one inch in
+length, with strong broad points in a close and circular body. The
+colours must be perfectly distinct, disposed in regular long stripes,
+broadest at the edge of the lamina, and gradually becoming narrower as
+they approach the unguis or base of the petal, there terminating in a
+fine point. Those that contain two colours upon a white ground are
+esteemed the finest.
+
+Of a double pink--the stem about twelve inches, the calyx smaller but
+similar to a carnation; the flowers two inches and a half in diameter;
+petals rose edges; colour white, and pure purple, or rich crimson; the
+nearer it approaches to black it is the more esteemed; proportions equal
+as in carnation. Those that are very tasteful with these flowers are
+attentive to the manner of their opening. Where the calyx is deficient
+in regular expansion to display the petals; that is, where there is a
+tendency to burst open on one side more than on the other, the opposite
+side in two or three different indentions should be slit a little at
+several times with the point of a small sharp knife, taking care not to
+cut the petals, and about the centre of the calyx tie a thread three or
+four times round to prevent any farther irregularity. Some florists and
+connoisseurs place cards on them. This is done when the calyx is small.
+Take a piece of thin pasteboard, about the size of a dollar; cut a small
+aperture in its centre to admit the bud to pass through. When on tie it
+tight to the rod, to prevent the wind from blowing it about; and when
+the flower is expanded, draw up the card to about the middle of the
+calyx, and spread the petals one over the other regularly upon it. When
+these plants are in flower, their beauty may be prolonged by giving them
+a little shade from the mid-day sun by an awning of any simple
+description. Where they are in pots, they can be removed to a cool shady
+situation, (but not directly under trees.)
+
+
+OF LAYING CARNATIONS AND PINKS.
+
+This is a necessary and yearly operation to keep a supply of plants, and
+likewise to have them always in perfection. As the process of laying,
+though simple, may not be known to all who are desirous of cultivating
+these plants, we will give an outline of the mode of operation. Provide
+first a quantity of small hooked twigs (pieces of _Asparagus_ stems are
+very suitable) about three inches long, for pegging the layers down in
+the earth. Select the outward strongest and lowest shoots that are round
+the plant, trim off a few of the under leaves, and shorten with the
+knife the top ones even, and then applying it at a joint about the
+middle of the under-side of the shoot, cut about half through in a
+slanting direction, making an upward slit towards the next joint, near
+an inch in extent; and loosening the earth, make a small oblong cavity
+one or two inches deep, putting a little fresh light earth therein. Lay
+the stem part where the slit is made into the earth, keeping the cut
+part open, and the head of the layer upright one or two inches out of
+the earth; and in that position peg down the layer with one of the
+hooked twigs, and cover the inserted part to the depth of one inch with
+some of the fresh earth, pressing it gently down. In this manner proceed
+to lay all the proper shoots of each plant. Keep the earth a little full
+round the plant, to retain longer the water that may be applied. Give
+immediately a moderate watering, with a rose watering pot, and in dry
+weather give light waterings every evening. Choose a cloudy day for the
+above operation. In about two months they will be well rooted.
+
+
+PRUNING ROSES.
+
+The best time to prune what are termed "Garden roses" is immediately
+after flowering, which is generally about the middle of June. Cut out
+all old exhausted wood, and where it is too thick and crowded,
+shortening those shoots which have flowered to a good fresh strong eye,
+or bud, accompanied with a healthy leaf, but leaving untouched such
+shoots as are still in a growing state, except where they are becoming
+irregular. Such should be cut to the desired shape. There is not a
+better period of the year for puting these bushes in handsome order,
+which ought to be studied. All wood that grows after this pruning will
+ripen perfectly and produce fine flowers next year.
+
+Our reasons for doing so at this period are these: The points of the
+shoots of the more delicate sorts of roses are very apt to die when
+pruned in winter or spring; hence the consequences of this evil are
+avoided. The stronger the wood of roses is made to grow, the flowers
+will be the larger and more profuse, and this effect is but produced by
+cutting out the old and superfluous wood; at least it prevents any loss
+of vegetative power, which ought always to be considered.
+
+
+OF BUDDING OR INOCULATION OF ROSES.
+
+According to what we have previously hinted in regard to having roses as
+standards, where such are desired, the month of July is a proper time
+for the operation of budding. The kinds to be taken for stocks should be
+of a strong free growth. Such as _Ornamental parade_; _Dutch tree_; _R.
+vilòsa_; _R. canína_; and frequently the French _Eglantine_, are taken.
+Be provided with a proper budding-knife, which has a sharp thin blade
+adapted to prepare the bud, with a tapering ivory haft made thin at the
+end for raising the bark of the stock. For tieings use bass strings from
+Russia mats, which should be soaked in water to make them more pliable.
+The height of the stock or stem at which the bud is to be inserted, is
+to be determined by the intended destination of the tree, (as it may be
+properly called.) Choose a smooth part of the stem, from one to three
+years old. Having marked the place, prune away all the lateral shoots
+about and underneath it. With the knife directed horizontally, make an
+incision about half an inch long in the bark of the stock, cutting into
+the wood, but not deeper; then applying the point of the knife to the
+middle of this line, make a perpendicular incision under the first,
+extending from it between one and two inches. Having a healthy shoot of
+the growth of this year provided of the kind that is desired, begin at
+the lower end of this shoot, cut away all the leaves, leaving the
+footstalk of each. Being fixed on a promising bud, insert the knife
+about half an inch above the eye, slanting it downwards, and about half
+through the shoot. Draw it out about an inch below the eye, so as to
+bring away the bud unimpaired with the bark, and part of the wood
+adhering to it; the wood now must be carefully detached from the bark.
+To do this insert the point of the knife between the bark and wood at
+one end, and holding the bark tenderly, strip off the woody part, which
+will readily part from the bark if the shoot from which the piece is
+taken has been properly imbued with sap.[I] Look at the inner rind of
+the separated bark, to see if that be entire; if there be a hole in it,
+the eye of the bud has been pulled away with the wood, rendering the bud
+useless, which throw away; if there be no hole, return to the stock, and
+with the haft of the knife gently raise the bark on each side of the
+perpendicular incision, opening the lips wide enough to admit the
+prepared slip with the eye. If the slip is longer than the upright
+incision in the stock, reduce the largest end. Stock and bud being
+ready, keep the latter in its natural position, introduce it between the
+bark and wood of the stock, pushing it gently downwards until it reaches
+the bottom of the perpendicular incision. Let the eye of the bud project
+through the centre of the lips; lay the slip with the bud as smooth as
+possible, and press down the raised bark of the stock. The bud being
+deposited, bind that part of the stock moderately tight with bass,
+beginning a little below the incision, proceeding upward so as to keep
+the eye uncovered, finishing above the incision. In a month after the
+operation, examine whether the bud has united with the stock. If it has
+succeeded, the bud will be full and fresh; if not, it will be brown and
+contracted. When it has taken, untie the bandage, that the bud may
+swell, and in a few days afterwards cut the head of the stock off about
+six inches above the inoculation, and prevent all shoots from growing by
+pinching them off. This will forward the bud, which will push and ripen
+wood this season; but it must be carefully tied as it grows to the
+remaining head of the stock. Some do not head down the stock until the
+following spring, thereby not encouraging the bud to grow, which if
+winter sets in early is the safest method.
+
+[I] We once budded three eyes of the white moss rose, after they had by
+mistake been carried in the pocket of a coat three days. The shoot was
+soaked six hours in water, and two of the buds grew. From this we infer
+that shoots, if properly wrapped up, may be carried very great
+distances, and grow successfully.
+
+
+OF WATERING.
+
+If the season is dry, look over the late planted shrubs, and give them
+frequent copious waterings; and a few of the finest annuals that are
+wanted to flower perfectly should be attended to. _Dahlias_ suffer very
+much in dry seasons, therefore it is advisable to water the most
+beautiful (or all) of them two or three times per week, and be careful
+to tie up their shoots to any support that is given to them, in case of
+high winds breaking or otherwise destroying the flower stems.
+
+
+
+
+=Rooms.=
+
+_JUNE AND JULY._
+
+
+The only attention requisite to _these_ plants, is in giving water,
+keeping them from being much exposed to either sun or high winds, and
+preventing the attack of insects. Water must be regularly given every
+evening, when there has not been rain during the day. Where they are in
+a growing state, they are not liable at this season of the year to
+suffer from too much water, except in a few instances, such as the
+Lemon-scented Geranium, and those kinds that are tuberose rooted, as
+_Ardèns_, _Bicòlor_, _Tristúm_, &c. which should have moderate supplies.
+
+All the plants ought to be turned round every few weeks to prevent them
+from growing to one side, by the one being more dark than the other, and
+keep those of a straggling growth tied neatly to rods. Wherever insects
+of any description appear, wash them off directly. Give regular
+syringings or sprinklings from the rose of a watering pot. Be
+particularly attentive in this respect to the _Caméllias_, which will
+keep the foliage in a healthy state, and prevent the effects of mildew.
+
+If the foliage of _Lílium longiflòrum_, or _japónicum_, has died down,
+do not water them while dormant, as they are easily injured by such
+treatment.
+
+
+
+
+=Hot-House.=
+
+_AUGUST._
+
+
+The plants of the Hot-house that were repotted in May and June,
+according to the directions therein given, will at present be in an
+excellent state of health, provided they have got at all times the
+requisite supplies of watering. And as we already have been very
+explicit on that subject, more remarks now would be merely repetition.
+
+
+REPOTTING.
+
+If any of the repottings were neglected, during May or June, let it be
+done about the first of this month. Let young plants that are growing
+freely, where the roots have filled the pots, and the plants required to
+grow, have pots one size larger. In turning out the ball of earth, keep
+it entire, not disturbing any of the roots.
+
+
+OF PAINTING, REPAIRING, AND CLEANSING THE HOUSE.
+
+The necessary repairs of the Hot-house are too often put off to the last
+day or week; and then with hurry are superficially attended to. Previous
+to the first of September, have all the wood-work painted; which ought
+to have one coat every year, and the glass all repaired. Have the flues
+and furnace examined, and all rents plastered over, or any deficiency
+made good. Give the flue a thick coat of lime white-wash, and properly
+white-wash the whole interior stages and shelves to destroy any larvæ of
+insects; or, what is preferable for the latter, use oil paint. If there
+is a tan bed, have that renewed; take out what is most decayed, and add
+new tan. Wash out the floor perfectly clean, so that all may be in
+readiness for the plants next month.
+
+
+
+
+=GREEN-HOUSE.=
+
+_AUGUST._
+
+
+Any of the _Myrtles_, _Oranges_, _Lemons_, _Oleanders_, &c. that were
+headed down in April or May, will be pushing many young shoots. The
+plant must be carefully examined, to observe which of the shoots ought
+to be left to form the tree. Having determined on this, cut out all the
+others close to the stem with a small sharp knife; and if the remaining
+shoots are above one foot long, pinch off the tops to make them branch
+out.
+
+The trees that were entirely headed down, should not have above six
+shoots left, which will, by being topped, make a sufficient quantity to
+form the bush or tree.
+
+
+GERANIUMS.
+
+These plants, about the first of the month, require a complete dressing.
+In the first place collect them all together, and with a sharp knife cut
+off the wood of this year to within a few eyes of the wood of last year.
+_Citriodórum_ and its varieties do not need pruning. The plants grown
+from cuttings during the season, that have flowered, cut them to about
+four inches from the pot. This being done, have the earth all prepared
+with potshreds or fine gravel for draining the delicate kinds. And in a
+shaded situation turn the plants progressively out of the pots they are
+in, reducing the balls of earth so that the same pots may contain them
+again, and allow from half an inch to two inches, according to the size
+of the pot, of fresh soil around the ball, which press down by a thin
+piece of wood cut for the purpose. Finish by leveling all neatly with
+the hand. Give very gentle waterings from a pot with a rose mouth, for a
+few weeks, until they have begun to grow, protecting them entirely from
+the sun, till that period, then take the opportunity of a cloudy day to
+expose them. After this repotting, the following kinds are liable to
+suffer from too much water: _Pavonínum_, _Davey[)a]num_, _fúlgens_,
+_ardens_, _citriodórum_, _rubéscens_, _florabùndum_, _ardèscens_; with
+those of a similar habit, and these species do not require so much
+encouragement at the root as the strong growing sorts. The tuberous
+rooted and deciduous species must be very moderately supplied. Be
+careful when watering that the new soil does not become saturated with
+water, as, though allowed to dry again, it will not be so pure. When
+they shoot afresh, turn them regularly every two weeks, to prevent them
+growing to one side.
+
+
+ORANGES, LEMONS, &c.
+
+As it is frequently very inconvenient to shift these trees into larger
+tubs in the months of March and April, this month is a period that is
+suitable both from the growth of the trees, and their being in the open
+air. It would be improper to state the day or the week, that depending
+entirely on the season. The criterion is easily observed, which is when
+the first growth is over, these trees making another growth in autumn.
+When they are large, they require great exertion, and are frequently
+attended with inconvenience to get them shifted. Where there is a
+quantity of them, the best plan that we have tried or seen adopted is as
+follows: Have a strong double and a single block trimmed with a
+sufficiency of rope; make it fast to the limb of a large tree, or any
+thing that projects, and will bear the weight, and as high as will admit
+of the plant being raised a few feet under it. Take a soft bandage and
+put around the stem, to prevent the bark from being bruised; make a rope
+fast to it, in which hook the single block. Raise the plant the height
+of the tub, put a spar across the tub, and strike on the spar with a
+mallet, which will separate the tub from the ball. Then with a strong
+pointed stick probe a little of the earth from amongst the roots,
+observing to cut away any that are affected by dry-rot, damp, or
+mildew, with any very matted roots. Having all dressed, place a few
+potshreds over the hole or holes in the bottom of the tub; measure
+exactly the depth of the ball that remains around the plant, and fill up
+with earth, pressing it a little with the hand, until it will hold the
+ball one inch under the edge of the tub. If there is from four to six
+inches of earth under it, it is quite enough. Fill all around the ball,
+and press it down with a stick, finishing neatly off with the hand.
+Observe that the stem of the tree is exactly in the centre. This being
+done, carry the tree to where it is intended to stand, and give it water
+with a rose on the pot. The earth will subside about two inches, thus
+leaving three inches, which will at any time hold enough of water for
+the tree. Trees thus treated will not require to be shifted again within
+four or five years, having in the interim got a few rich top-dressings.
+
+Frequently in attempting to take out of the tubs those that are in a
+sickly state, all the soil falls from their roots, having no fibres
+attached. When there are any such, after replanting, put them in the
+Green-house, and shut it almost close up, there give shade to the tree,
+and frequent sprinklings of water, until it begins to grow, when admit
+more air gradually until it becomes hardened. These trees should be put
+in very small tubs, and a little sand added to the soil. Give very
+moderate supplies of water, merely keeping the soil moist. Tubs
+generally give way at the bottom when they begin to decay, and in the
+usual method of coopering after this failure they are useless, the
+ledging being rotten, and will not admit of another bottom. The staves
+should be made without any groove, and have four brackets nailed on the
+inside, having the bottom in a piece by itself that it can be placed on
+these brackets, and there is no necessity of it being water tight. Then
+when it fails, it can be replaced again at a trifling expense. A tub
+made this way will last out three or four bottoms, and is in every
+respect the cheapest, and should be more wide than deep. _Large Myrtles_
+and _Oleanders_ may be treated in the same manner as directed for the
+above.
+
+
+OF PRUNING ORANGES, LEMONS, &c.
+
+These trees will grow very irregularly, especially the _Lemon_, if not
+frequently dressed or pruned. Any time this month look over them all
+minutely, and cut away any of the small naked wood where it is too
+crowded, and cut all young strong straggling shoots to the bounds of the
+tree, giving it a round regular head. It is sometimes necessary to cut
+out a small limb, but large amputations should be avoided. Cover all
+wounds with turpentine or bees-wax, to prevent the bad effects of the
+air.
+
+
+OF REPOTTING PLANTS.
+
+Any of the plants enumerated in March under this head, may be now done
+according to directions therein given, and which apply to all sizes.
+This is the proper period for repotting the following:--
+
+_Cálla_, a genus of four species. None of them in our collections, and
+in fact are not worth cultivation, except _C. æthiòpica_, Ethiopian
+Lily, which is admired for the purity and singularity of its large white
+flowers, or rather spatha, which is cucullate, leaves sagittate. It is
+now called _Richárdia æthiópica_. The roots which are tubers should be
+entirely divested of the soil they have been grown in, breaking off any
+small offsets, and potting them wholly in fresh earth. When growing they
+cannot get too much water. The plant will grow in a pond of water, and
+withstand our severest winters, provided the roots are kept at the
+bottom of the water.
+
+_Cyclamen._ There are eight species and six varieties of this genus,
+which consists of humble plants with very beautiful flowers. The bulbs
+are round, flattened, and solid, and are peculiarly adapted for pots and
+the decorating of rooms. _C. côum_, leaves almost round; flowers light
+red; in bloom from January to April. _C. pérsicum_, with its four
+varieties, flower from February to April; colour white, and some white
+and purple. _C. hederæfòlium_, Ivy-leaved; colour lilac; there is a
+white variety; flowers from July to September. _C. Europæum_, colour
+lilac, in bloom from August to October. _C. neapolitànum_, flowers red,
+in bloom from July to September. These are all desirable plants. When
+the foliage begins to decay, withhold the accustomed supplies of water,
+keeping them in a half dry state; and when growing they must not be over
+watered, as they are apt to rot from moisture. Keep them during the
+summer months in the shade. The best time for potting either of the
+sorts is when the crown of the bulb begins to protrude. If the pots are
+becoming large, every alternate year they may be cleared from the old
+soil, and put in smaller pots with the crown barely covered. When the
+flowers fade, the pedicles twist up like a screw, inclosing the germen
+in the centre, lying close to the ground until the seeds ripen, from
+which plants can be grown, and will flower the third year.
+
+_Lachenàlia_, a genus of about forty species of bulbs, all natives of
+the Cape of Good Hope, and grow remarkably well in our collections. The
+most common is _L. trícolor_. _L. quadrícolor_, and its varieties, are
+all fine; the colours yellow, scarlet, orange, and green, very pure and
+distinct; _L. rùbida_. _L. punctàta_, _L. orchoídes_, and _L. nervòsa_,
+are all fine species. The flowers are on a stem from a half to one foot
+high, and much in the character of a hyacinth. The end of the month is
+about the time of planting. Five inch pots are large enough, and they
+must get very little water till they begin to grow.
+
+_Oxalis_, above one hundred species of Cape bulbs, and like all other
+bulbs of that country, they do exceedingly well in our collections, in
+which there are only comparatively a few species, not exceeding twelve.
+_O. rubèlla_, branching, of a vermilion colour; _O. marginàta_, white;
+_O. elongàta_, striped; and _O. amæna_, are those that require potting
+this month. The first of September is the most proper period for the
+others.
+
+This genus of plants is so varied in the construction of its roots, that
+the same treatment will not do for all. The root is commonly bulbous,
+and these will keep a few weeks or months out of the soil, according to
+their size. Several are only thick and fleshy: these ought not to be
+taken out of the pots, but kept in them, while dormant; and about the
+end of this month give them gentle waterings. When they begin to grow,
+take the earth from the roots, and pot them in fresh soil. In a few
+years the bulbs are curiously produced, the original bulb near the
+surface striking a radical fibre downright from its base, at the
+extremity of which is produced a new bulb for the next year's plant, the
+old one perishing.
+
+_Ornithógalum_, Star of Bethlehem, about sixty species of bulbs,
+principally from the Cape of Good Hope. Many of them have little
+attraction. The most beautiful that we have seen are _O. lactéum_, which
+has a spike about one foot long of fine white flowers; and _O. aùreum_,
+flowers of a golden colour, in contracted racemose corymbs. These two
+are magnificent. _O. marítimum_ is the officinale squill. The bulb is
+frequently as large as a human head, pear-shaped, and tunicated like the
+onion. From the centre of the root arise several shining glaucous leaves
+a foot long, two inches broad at base, and narrowing to a point. They
+are green during winter, and decay in the spring; then the flower-stalk
+comes out, rising two feet, naked half way, and terminated by a
+pyramidal thyrse of white flowers. The bulb ought to be kept dry from
+the end of June till now, or it will not flower freely.
+
+
+GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.
+
+Watering, and other practical care of the plants, to be done as
+heretofore described. Frequently the weather at the end of this month
+becomes cool and heavy. Dew falling through the night will in part
+supply the syringing operation, but it must not be suspended altogether.
+Three times a week will suffice. Any of the plants that are plunged
+should be turned every week. In wet weather observe that none are
+suffering from moisture.
+
+
+
+
+=FLOWER-GARDEN=
+
+_AUGUST._
+
+
+EVERGREEN HEDGES.
+
+These always make two growths in the season, and the best time to
+perform the clipping or dressing of them is before the plants begin
+their second growth. Choose if possible dull and cloudy days for the
+operation. The general practice in forming these, is to have the sides
+even, and the top level, forming a right angle on each side. However
+neat in appearance this may be considered, it certainly is stiff and
+formal. We never approve of shearing where it can be avoided, and when
+adopted, nature ought to be imitated. We consider that all hedges and
+edgings ought to be narrowed at the top.
+
+
+CARNATIONS AND PINKS.
+
+If layed about the end of June, and been properly attended, they will by
+the end of this month be well rotted and fit for transplanting. Clear
+away the earth lightly, and cut them clean off from the parent plant,
+nearer the stool than the original slit. Raise them neatly out of the
+earth, with as many of the root-fibres as possible; cut off the naked
+part of the stem close to the fibrous roots, and trim away the
+straggling leaves. Plant the finest sorts in four inch pots, and those
+more common three plants in five inch pots, in the form of a triangle,
+which can be separated in spring to plant in the garden. Any of the
+principal stools should be (if in the ground) lifted and put into seven
+inch pots to be preserved: the others may be allowed to stand through
+the winter, covering them with a few dry leaves. Keep them in the shade
+a few weeks, when they may be fully exposed. Give gentle and frequent
+sprinklings of water until they have taken fresh root; or if in want of
+pots, mark out a bed that can be covered with a frame, preparing the
+soil therein properly. Plant them from four to six inches apart. Shade
+them from the sun until they begin to grow, giving sprinklings of water
+over the foliage every evening.
+
+
+BULBOUS ROOTS.
+
+Look over the bulbs that are out of the ground, and examine those that
+require planting. _Fritillària_, about twenty species, but few of them
+generally cultivated, except _F. imperiàlis_, Crown Imperial; and _F.
+pérsica_. These will require planting, and ought not to be lifted
+oftener than every third year. There are four or five varieties of the
+above, showy flowers, and singular in appearance. They require a deep
+rich loamy soil, and if in beds, plant them from three to four inches
+deep, and one foot apart. They will grow under shade of trees, or any
+situation where the soil is adapted for them. No imbricated or scaly
+bulb ought to be retained long out of the ground. When any of these are
+lifted, and the young bulbs taken off, they should be planted at once.
+See particularly on bulbous roots in general next month.
+
+
+SOWING SEEDS OF BULBOUS ROOTS.
+
+Where any seeds of these are saved, with the intention of sowing, let it
+be done this month. Procure boxes about seven inches deep, and in size
+proportioned to the quantity to be sown. Put five inches of light sandy
+soil in the box, level it smoothly, and sow the seeds separately and
+thickly; cover with half an inch of light sandy loam, with a portion of
+earth from the woods. Keep the box or boxes in a sheltered situation,
+giving frequent sprinklings of water to keep the earth damp, which must
+be protected with a frame, or covered with leaves during winter. The
+plants will appear in spring, and must be watered and kept in the shade:
+when the leaves decay in June, put one inch more soil upon them, and the
+second year they can be planted with the small offsets in the garden,
+and treated as other bulbs. They must be carefully marked every year.
+Tulips require many years of trial before their qualities are known; and
+a poor soil is best to produce their characters after the first bloom.
+
+
+SOWING AND SAVING SEEDS.
+
+About the end of this month or first of next, is an advisable period to
+sow seed of _Delphínum Ajácis flòreplèno_, or Double Rocket Larkspur.
+This plant does not flower in perfection except it is sown in autumn,
+and grown a little above ground before winter, when a few leaves can be
+lightly thrown amongst them, but not to cover them entirely, as that
+would cause damp, and they would rot off. _Coreópsis tinctòria_, which
+is now _Calliópsis tinctòria_, and a beautiful plant, should likewise be
+sown. Be attentive in saving all kinds of seeds, many of which will keep
+best in the capsule. Name them all correctly, and with the year in which
+they were grown.
+
+
+
+
+=Rooms.=
+
+_AUGUST._
+
+For the kinds of plants that require potting, we refer to the
+Green-house for this month. All that are therein specified are
+peculiarly adapted for rooms, and we would call attention to the genus
+_Cyclamen_, which has not been generally introduced into the collections
+of our ladies; as, from the character and beauty of the flowers, they
+are very attracting and highly deserving of culture. Attend to the
+Geraniums as there directed, and be particular in having them cut down,
+and repotted, as there fully described. The _Oranges_, _Lemons_,
+_Oleanders_, and _Myrtles_, that are kept in cellars or rooms, should
+have the same attention in this month as directed in the Green-house,
+which to repeat here would be occupying space unnecessarily.
+
+_Réseda odoráta_, or Mignonette, is one of the most fragrant annuals. To
+have it in perfection, the seed should be sown about the end of this
+month, or beginning of next, into pots of fine light earth, and
+sprinkled with water frequently. When it comes up the plants must be
+thinned out or transplanted; the former method is preferable. Keep them
+from frost during winter, and always near the light.
+
+This will equally apply to the Green-house.
+
+
+
+
+=Hot-House.=
+
+_SEPTEMBER._
+
+
+DRESSING THE PLANTS.
+
+Having last month put the house in complete order, all that remains
+necessary to be attended to, is the state of the plants and pots, which
+should be regularly examined, and of those where the roots fill the
+soil, a little may be taken off the top, supplying its place with fresh
+earth, thereby giving what is called a top dressing. Give each a
+sufficient rod that requires it, tieing the plant neatly thereto;
+minutely scrutinise each for insects, and where they are detected, have
+them eradicated.
+
+Finally, wash all contracted foulness from off the pots, at the same
+time pick off any decayed leaves; thus all will be in perfect order to
+take into the house. If any plants have been kept in the Hot-house
+during summer, they must likewise go through the same operations.
+
+
+OF TAKING IN THE PLANTS.
+
+From the 16th to the 24th, according to the season, is the proper time
+to take in the Hot-house plants. It is preferable to have them what
+might be deemed a few days too early, than have them in the slightest
+affected by cold.
+
+Commence by housing the largest first, and those that stand farthest in
+the house, observing to place the most tender sorts nearest the heat or
+warmest part of the house. For observations on them, see _May_: in
+regard to arrangement, that must be according to the taste of the
+operator. We may observe that in a small collection it is better to have
+them in a regular than in a picturesque form. A dry shelf is
+indispensable in this department for placing on it all herbaceous
+plants, such as _Cánna_, _Hedychium_, _Zíngiber_, _Kæmpféria_, &c. the
+watering of which from this time should be gradually suspended, that
+they may have their required cessation to make them flower well. This
+shelf may be in any situation; one in darkness, where other plants will
+not grow, will answer perfectly well. If there is a bark bed, do not,
+until the end of December, plunge any of the pots therein.
+
+
+GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.
+
+The plants being now all under protection, they must have as much air as
+possible admitted to them every day, by opening the doors, front and top
+sashes, closing only at night. The syringings must be continued, and
+care taken that plants of a deciduous or herbaceous nature are not over
+watered. _Alstr[oe]merias_ are apt to rot while dormant when they are
+supplied with water. The tuberous species might be kept almost dry. Some
+practical men of sound science repot these plants in this month into
+fresh soil, and allow them to stand till January almost without water.
+We have never adopted this method with any description of plants, but do
+not doubt of its success with that genus.
+
+See that the ropes and pullies of the sashes are in good order, and fit
+to stand all winter.
+
+
+
+
+=Green-House.=
+
+_SEPTEMBER._
+
+
+During this month every part of the Green-house should have a thorough
+cleansing, which is too frequently neglected, and many hundreds of
+insects left unmolested. To preserve the wood work in good order, give
+it one coat of paint every year. Repair all broken glass, white-wash the
+whole interior, giving the flues two or three coats, and cover the
+stages with hot-lime, white-wash, or oil-paint; examine ropes, pullies,
+and weights, finishing by washing the pavement perfectly clean. If there
+have been any plants in the house during summer, be sure after this
+cleansing that they are clean also, before they are returned to their
+respective situations.
+
+
+OF WATERING.
+
+The intensity of the heat being over for the season, the heavy dews
+during night will prevent so much absorption amongst the plants. They
+will, in general, especially by the end of the month, require limited
+supplies of water comparatively to their wants in the summer months. Be
+careful amongst the _Geraniums_ that were repotted in August, not to
+water them until the new soil about their roots is becoming dry.
+Syringing in this month may be suspended in time of heavy dews, but in
+dry nights resort to it again.
+
+The herbaceous plants and those of a succulent nature must be sparingly
+supplied. The large trees that were put in new earth will require a
+supply only once a week, but in such quantity as will go to the bottom
+of the tubs.
+
+
+PREPARING FOR TAKING IN THE PLANTS.
+
+About the end of the month all the plants should be examined and cleaned
+in like manner as directed for those of the Hot-house last month, which
+see. From the 1st to the 8th of October is the most proper time to take
+them into the Green-house, except those of a half hardy nature, which
+may stand out till the appearance of frost. All the Geraniums that were
+put in the shade after shifting, may after the 10th be fully exposed,
+which will in some degree prevent them from being weak. Turn them in
+such a manner as will make them grow equally. Always endeavour to have
+these plants short and bushy, for they are unsightly otherwise, except
+where a few very large specimens are desired for show. All Myrtles and
+Oleanders that were headed down, if the young shoots are too crowded,
+continue to thin them out, and give regular turnings, that all the heads
+may grow regularly.
+
+
+STOCKS AND WALL-FLOWERS,
+
+That are wanted to flower in the Green-house (where they do remarkably
+well) and are in the ground, have them carefully lifted before the end
+of the month, and planted in six or seven inch pots, with light loamy
+soil. Place them in the shade till they take fresh root, and give them
+frequent sprinklings of water. As soon as the foliage becomes erect,
+expose them to the full sun, and treat as Green-house plants.
+
+
+CHRYSANTHEMUMS.
+
+These very ornamental plants blooming so late, and at a period when
+there are few others in flower, one of each variety (or two of some of
+the finest) should be lifted and put in 8 inch pots, in light loamy
+soil, and treated as above directed for Stocks, &c. These will flower
+beautifully from October to December, and when done blooming the pots
+may be plunged in the garden, or covered with any kind of litter, until
+spring, when they can be divided and planted out.
+
+
+CAPE AND HOLLAND BULBS.
+
+About the end of this month is the period for all of these that are
+intended for the Green-house to be potted. We specified some of the
+former last month, and will here enumerate a few others.
+
+_Babìana_, a genus of small bulbs, with pretty blue, red, and yellow
+flowers. _B. distíca_, pale blue flowers in two ranks. _B. strícta_,
+flowers blue and white. _B. tubiflòra_ is beautiful, colour white and
+red. _B. plicàta_ has sweet-scented pale blue flowers. There are about
+twenty species of them, and they grow from six to twelve inches high.
+Four inch pots are sufficient for them.
+
+_Gladìolus_, Corn-flag, a genus of above fifty species. There are
+several very showy plants amongst them, and a few very superb. _G.
+floribúndus_, large pink and white flowers. _G. cardinàlis_, flowers
+superb scarlet, spotted with white. _G. byzantìnus_, large purple
+flowers. _G. blándus_, flowers of a blush rose colour, and handsome. _G.
+cuspidàtus_, flowers white and purple. _G. psittácinus_ is the most
+magnificent of the genus, both in size and beauty of flower; the flowers
+are striped with green, yellow, and scarlet, about four inches diameter,
+in great profusion, on a stem about two feet high, and though rare in
+Europe may be seen in some collections in this country. The beauty of
+this genus is all centred in the flowers; the leaves are similar to
+_Iris_.
+
+_Ixia_, a genus containing about twenty-five species of very
+free-flowering bulbs. _I. monadélpha_, flowers blush and green. _I.
+leucántha_, flowers large, white. _I. capitàta_, flowers in heads of a
+white and almost black colour. _I. cònica_, flowers orange and velvet.
+_I. columellàris_ is beautifully variegated with purple, blush, and
+vermilion colours. The flower stems are from six to twenty-four inches
+high.
+
+_Sparáxis_, a beautiful genus of twelve species, closely allied to the
+last, but more varied in colour. _S. grandiflòra striàta_ is striped
+with purple ground blush. _S. versícolor_, colours crimson, dark purple,
+and yellow. _S. anemonæflòra_ is of various colours, and very similar to
+_Anemòne_.
+
+_Tritònia_, a genus of about twenty-five species. Few of them deserve
+culture in regard to their beauty. _T. crocàta_ is in our collections,
+as _I. crocàta_, which is amongst the finest, and _T. zanthospìla_ has
+white flowers curiously spotted with yellow.
+
+_Watsònia_, a genus containing several species of showy flowers, several
+of which are in our collections, under the genus _Gladíolus_, but the
+most of the species may easily be distinguished from it by their flat
+shell formed bulbs. _W. iridifòlia_ is the largest of the genus, and has
+flowers of a flesh colour. _W. ròsea_ is large growing, the flowers are
+pink, and on the stem in a pyramid form. _W. humilis_ is a pretty red
+flowering species. _W. fúlgida_, once _Antholyza fúlgens_, has fine
+bright scarlet flowers. _W. rùbens_ is an esteemed red flowering
+species, but scarce.
+
+These six genera are in general cultivation. There are several of others
+of merit that our limits will not admit of inserting. We have no doubt
+there are some splendid species that have not come under our
+observation, and others which may be obtained from the Cape of Good Hope
+not known in any collection. Many hundreds of superb bulbs indigenous
+to that country, and of the same nature and habit of the above, have not
+been seen in collections. The flowers of those which we have specified
+are from one to four inches in diameter, ringent, tubular, or
+campanulate. Pots from four to seven inches diameter, according to the
+size of the roots, will be large enough. Give them very little water
+until they begin to grow; then supply moderately, and keep them near the
+light. Of the Holland or Dutch bulbs, the _Hyacinth_ is the favourite to
+bloom in the Green-house. A few of the _Tulip_, _Narcissus_, _Iris_, and
+_Crocus_, may for variety be also planted with any other that curiosity
+may dictate. When these are grown in pots, the soil should be
+four-eighths loam, two-eighths leaf mould, one-eighth decomposed manure,
+one-eighth sand, well compounded; plant in pots from four to seven
+inches, keep the crown of the bulb above the surface of the soil, except
+of the Tulip, which should be covered two inches. When these roots are
+potted, plunge them in the garden about three inches under ground; mark
+out a space sufficient to contain them; throw out the earth about four
+inches deep, place the pots therein, covering them with earth to the
+above depth, making it in the form of a bed. Leave a trench all round to
+carry off the rain. By so doing, the bulbs will root strong, the soil
+will be kept in a congenial state about them, and they will prove far
+superior than if done in the common method. Lift them from this bed on
+the approach of frost, or not later than the second week of December,
+wash the pots and take them to the Green-house.
+
+
+OF REPOTTING.
+
+_Vibúrnum._ This is a good period to repot all the flowering plants of
+this genus. For a full description of them, see _Green-house_, _March_.
+The repotting is only intended for young plants that are wanted to grow
+freely. When the _V. tìnus_ is much encouraged, it does not flower
+profusely.
+
+_Lìlium_, Lily. There are four species of this splendid genus kept in
+the Green-house. It has always been our practice to repot them when they
+begin to grow, though it is said by some that, when removed at that
+time, they will not flower perfectly. They will not do to be kept above
+a few weeks out of the ground, and we think they ought never to be kept
+out any period. We place them here, that a choice may be made by the
+cultivator of either of the periods, which is not material; observing in
+either case, that excess of moisture is injurious while they are
+dormant. _L. longiflòrum_ grows about one foot high, with one or more
+flowers. _L. longiflòrum suavèolens_, is sweet-scented, and has only one
+flower. _L. japònicum_ is the most magnificent, grows about two feet
+high, with three or more flowers on one stem. _L. lancifòlium_; we
+incline to class this with _L. speciòsum_, there being no apparent
+distinction in any character. The flowers are all of the purest white.
+They require from five to seven inch pots.
+
+
+
+
+=Flower Garden.=
+
+_SEPTEMBER._
+
+
+OF DAHLIAS.
+
+See that all these plants are supported with proper stakes, rods, &c.,
+that the wind may have no effect in breaking down or otherwise
+destroying the flower stems. Strictly observe their respective heights
+and colours, that they may be duly disposed and interspersed next year,
+if not done so this. If the early part of the month is dry, give them
+liberal supplies of water.
+
+
+GENERAL CARE OF PLANTS IN POTS.
+
+All the flowers that are in pots, and intended to be kept in frames
+during winter, should have a top-dressing, and a general preparation for
+their winter quarters, by tieing up, &c. The carnation and pink layers
+that were lifted and potted last month must be brought from the shade as
+soon as they begin to grow; and those that are not lifted, have them
+done forthwith, that they may be rooted afresh before the frost sets in.
+All Wall-flowers and Stocks should be lifted this month, and planted in
+five to seven inch pots, and treated as directed for carnation layers
+last month, until they begin to grow, when they must be fully exposed.
+
+
+PREPARE BEDS AND BORDERS FOR BULBOUS ROOTS.
+
+Bulbous roots of every character delight in deep free soil;
+consequently, wherever they are desired to be planted, due attention
+must be paid to put the soil in proper order, to have them in
+perfection. Where there are a quantity intended to be planted, to have
+them in beds is the general and preferable method. These ought to be dug
+from eighteen inches to two feet deep, at the bottom of which place
+three or four inches of decayed manure. Where the soil is poor it should
+be enriched with well decomposed manure and earth from the woods,
+incorporating both well with the soil, breaking it all fine. This being
+done, allow it to stand until the middle of next month, which see for
+farther directions.
+
+
+GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.
+
+Tie up carefully all the _Chrysánthemums_, _Tuberoses_, &c. Clear away
+the stems or haulm of any decayed annuals or herbaceous plants, that
+nothing unsightly may appear. Be attentive to the collecting of all
+kinds of seeds.
+
+
+
+
+=Rooms.=
+
+_SEPTEMBER._
+
+
+Where there is a quantity of plants to be kept in these apartments, they
+should be disposed to the best effect, and at the same time in such a
+manner as will be most effectual to their preservation. A stage of some
+description is certainly the best, and, of whatever shape or form, it
+ought to be on castors, that it may, in severe nights of frost, be drawn
+to the centre of the room. The shape may be either concave, a half
+circle, or one square side. The bottom step or table should be six
+inches apart, keeping each successive step one inch farther apart, to
+the desired height, which may be about six feet. Allowing the first step
+to be about two feet from the floor, there will be five or six steps,
+which will hold about fifty pots of a common size. A stage in the form
+of half a circle will hold more, look the handsomest, and be most
+convenient. We have seen them circular, and when filled appeared like a
+pyramid. These do very well, but they must be turned every day, or the
+plants will not grow regularly. With this attention it is decidedly the
+best. Green is the most suitable colour to paint them.
+
+
+GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.
+
+The directions given for the Green-house this month are equally
+applicable here. The _Tasseled White Chrysanthemum_, and a few other
+late blooming sorts, are particularly adapted for rooms. If there is no
+convenience to plunge the pots with Dutch bulbs in the garden, as
+described in the Green-house of this month, give them very little water
+until they begin to grow.
+
+
+
+
+=Hot-House.=
+
+_OCTOBER._
+
+
+Very few directions remain to be given to the department of the
+Hot-house. The supplies of water for this and the two preceding months
+are, according to the state and nature of tropical plants, more limited
+than at any other period of the year. This is the first month of what
+may be called their dormant state. Observe the herbaceous plants, that
+they are, as soon as their foliage decays, set aside, in case of being
+too liberally supplied with water. Airing is highly essential about this
+period, that the plants may be gradually hardened; but guard against
+injuring them. The temperature should not be under fifty degrees; when
+the days are cool, and the wind chilling, airing is not necessary; and
+when air is admitted, always close up early in the afternoon, whilst the
+atmosphere is warm, to supersede the necessity of fire as long as
+possible. If at any time you have recourse to it in this month, use it
+with great caution.
+
+Examine all the shutters and fastenings, and see that they are in good
+substantial order, and where deficient repair them instantly, that they
+may be in readiness. Remove all leaves, and give syringings twice a
+week. Clear off, sweep out, and wash clean, that every part may be in
+the neatest order.
+
+
+
+
+=Green-House.=
+
+_OCTOBER._
+
+
+OF TAKING IN AND ARRANGING THE PLANTS.
+
+As observed in the previous month, let the housing of Green-house plants
+now be attended to. Have all in before the eighth of the month, except a
+few of the half hardy sorts, which may stand until convenient. Begin by
+taking in all the tallest first, such as _Oranges_, _Lemons_, _Myrtles_,
+_Oleanders_, &c. Limes ought to be kept in the warmest part of the
+house, otherwise they will throw their foliage. In arrangement, order is
+necessary to have a good effect; and in small houses it ought to be neat
+and regular, placing the tallest behind, and according to their size
+graduating the others down to the lowest in front. Dispose the different
+sorts in varied order over the house, making the contrast as striking as
+possible. Having the surface of the whole as even as practicable, with a
+few of the most conspicuous for shape and beauty protruding above the
+mass, which will much improve the general appearance, and greatly add to
+the effect. All succulents should be put together. They will do in a
+dark part of the house, where other plants would not grow, studying to
+have the most tender kinds in the warmest part, and giving gentle
+waterings every three or four weeks. When all are arranged, give them a
+proper syringing, after which wipe clean all the stages, _benches_, &c.
+sweeping out all litter, and wash clean the pavement, which will give to
+all a neat and becoming appearance.
+
+Let the waterings now be done in the mornings, as often and in such
+quantities as will supply their respective wants, examining the plants
+every day.
+
+During the continuance of mild weather, the circulation of air must be
+as free as possible, opening the doors and front and top sashes
+regularly over the house. But observe in frosty nights, and wet, cloudy
+weather, to keep all close shut. Be attentive in clearing off decayed
+leaves and insects.
+
+Any plants of _Lagerstræmia_, _Stercùlia_, _Hydrángea_, _Pomegranate_,
+and others equally hardy, that are deciduous, may be kept perfectly in a
+dry, light, airy cellar, giving frequent admissions of air.
+
+
+OF REPOTTING.
+
+_Anemònes._ Where _A. nemoròsa flòre plèno_ and _A. thalictròides flòre
+plèno_ are kept in pots in the Green-house, they should be turned out of
+the old earth, and planted in fresh soil. They are both pretty, low
+growing, double white flowering plants, and require a shaded situation.
+The latter is now called _Thalíctrum anemonoídes_.
+
+_Dáphne_, is a genus of diminutive shrubs, mostly evergreens, of great
+beauty and fragrance. Very few species of them are in our collections.
+_D. odòra_, frequently called _D. índica_, is an esteemed plant for the
+delightful odour of its flowers, and valuable for the period of its
+flowering, being from December to March, according to the situation;
+leaves scattered, oblong, lanceolate, smooth; flowers small, white, in
+many-flowered terminale heads. _D. hybrida_ is a species in high
+estimation at present in Europe, but little known here, being only in a
+few collections; flowers rose-coloured, in terminale heads, and lateral
+bunches in great profusion, and very similar to the former in habit and
+shape of flower; blooms from January to May, and is of a peculiar
+fragrance. _D. oleoídes_ is what may be termed "ever-blooming;" flowers
+of a lilac colour; leaves elliptic, lanceolate, smooth. _D. laurèola_,
+Spurge laurel; _D. póntica_, _D. alpìna_, and _D. Cneòrum_, are all fine
+species, and in Europe are esteemed ornaments in the shrubbery, but we
+are not certain if they will prove hardy in our vicinity.
+
+_Prímula._ There are a few fine species and varieties in this genus,
+adapted either for the Green-house or Rooms. All the species and
+varieties will keep perfectly well in a frame, except the China sorts.
+Having previously observed a few of the other species and varieties, we
+will observe the treatment of these. _P. sinénsis_, now _prænitens_,
+known commonly as China Primrose; flowers pink, and in large proliferous
+umbels, flowering almost through the whole year, but most profusely from
+January to May. Keep them in the shade, and be careful that they are not
+over-watered during summer. As the stems of the plant become naked, at
+this repotting a few inches should be taken off the bottom of the ball,
+and placing them in a larger pot will allow the stems to be covered up
+to the leaves. _P. p. albiflòra_, colour pure white and beautiful. _P.
+p. dentiflòra_. There is also a white variety of this, both similar to
+the two former, only the flower indented. All these require the same
+treatment. As they only live a few years, many individuals, to propagate
+them, divide the stems, which in most cases will utterly destroy them.
+The best, and we may say the only method to increase them, is from seed,
+which they produce in abundance every year.
+
+_Pæonia_, is a magnificent genus. There are four varieties of them, half
+hardy and half shrubby. They will bear the winter if well protected, but
+are better in the Green-house. These are _P. moután_, Tree Pæony; the
+flower is about four inches in diameter, of a blush colour, and
+semi-double; _P. M. Bànksii_ is the common Tree Pæony, and called in our
+collection _P. Moutàn_; it has a very large double blush flower, and is
+much admired. _P. M. papaveràcea_ is a most magnificent variety; has
+large double white flowers, with pink centres; _P. M. ròsea_ is a
+splendid rose-coloured double variety, and is scarce. These plants ought
+not to be exposed to the sun while in flower, as the colours become
+degenerated, and premature decay follows.
+
+If the Dutch bulbs intended for flowering during winter are not potted,
+have them all done as soon as possible, according to directions given
+last month.
+
+
+CAMELLIAS.
+
+These plants ought to have a thorough examination, and those that were
+omitted in repotting before they commenced growing, may be done in the
+early part of this month; but it is not adviseable, except the roots are
+matted round the ball of earth, which should be turned out entire.
+Examine all the pots, stir up the surface of the earth, and take it out
+to the roots, supplying its place with fresh soil. Destroy any worms
+that may be in the pots, as they are very destructive to the fibres.
+Look over the foliage and with a sponge and water clear it of all dust,
+&c. Frequently the buds are too crowded on these plants, especially the
+_Double white_ and _Variegated_. In such case pick off the weakest, and
+where there are two together, be careful in cutting, so that the
+remaining bud may not be injured.
+
+This is the best period of the year to make selections of these, as they
+now can be transported hundreds of miles without any material injury, if
+they are judiciously packed in close boxes. In making a choice of these,
+keep in view to have distinctly marked varieties, including a few of
+those that are esteemed as stocks for producing new kinds, which are
+undoubtedly indispensable; and will reward the cultivator in a few years
+with new sorts. Besides, it will afford unbounded gratification to
+behold any of these universally admired ornaments of the Green-house
+improving by our assistance and under our immediate observation. There
+is nothing to prevent any individual from producing splendid varieties
+in a few years. Mr. Hogg correctly observes, "It is very probable in a
+few years we shall have as great a variety of Camellias, as there are of
+Tulips, Hyacinths, Carnations, Auriculas, &c."
+
+It has been often said that these plants are difficult of cultivation.
+This is unfounded, indeed they are the reverse if put in a soil
+congenial to their nature. When highly manured soils are given, which
+are poisonous to the plants, sickness or death will inevitably ensue;
+but this cannot be attributed to the delicacy of their nature. We can
+unhesitatingly say there is no Green-house plant more hardy or easier of
+cultivation, and they are equally so in the parlour, if not kept
+confined in a room where there is a continuance of drying fire heat,
+their constitution not agreeing with an arid atmosphere.
+
+
+
+
+=Flower-Garden.=
+
+_OCTOBER._
+
+
+OF PLANTING VARIOUS BULBOUS FLOWER ROOTS.
+
+From the middle of October to the beginning of November is the best
+period for a general planting of Dutch bulbs.
+
+_Cròcuses_ are the earliest in flower, and may be planted about six
+inches off the edgings, about four inches apart and two deep, or in beds
+four feet wide; the varieties selected and planted across the bed in
+rows of distinct colours, they flowering so early, and in that manner
+have a grand effect. There are above sixty varieties to be had.
+
+_Hyacinths._ The ground that was prepared for these last month, should
+be all divided into beds four feet wide, leaving between each alleys of
+twenty inches. Skim off three inches of the surface of the former into
+the latter, level the bed smoothly with the rake, and mark it off in
+rows eight inches apart. Plant the roots in the row eight inches
+asunder. Thus they will be squares of eight inches, and by planting the
+different colours alternately the bed will be beautifully diversified.
+Press each root gently down with the hand, that in covering up they may
+not be displaced. Put about four inches of earth over the crowns, which
+will make the beds from two to three inches higher than the alleys. The
+beds before and after planting should be gently rounded from the middle
+to each side to let the rain pass off. Finish all by raking evenly,
+straighten the edgings with the line, and clear out the alleys or
+pathways.
+
+_Tulips_ like a lighter and richer earth than Hyacinths. Prepare the
+beds in the same manner, and so as the roots will stand nine inches
+apart each way; cover them five inches deep, as the new bulbs are
+produced above the old.
+
+If it is intended to screen either of these while in flower, the beds
+should be made wider. Where two beds are to be shaded under one awning,
+make the alleys alternately two or three feet wide; the one two feet
+wide to be under the awning.
+
+_Polyanthus and Italian Narcissus_, may be planted in every respect as
+_Hyacinths_, only they require a lighter and richer soil.
+
+_Jonquils._ Plant these in the same soil as _Tulips_, six inches apart,
+and cover three inches deep. They do not flower so well the first year
+as in the second and third, therefore should only be lifted every third
+year.
+
+_Anemones and Ranunculuses._ These roots like a fresh rich, well
+pulverized, loamy soil. In light sandy soils they will languish in early
+droughts, and sometimes do not show their flowers fully. Cow manure is
+the best to use for enriching the soil. The whole should be well mixed
+and incorporated to the depth of eighteen or twenty inches. The roots
+may be planted in four-foot beds, or in such a manner as a low frame of
+boards can be placed over them, when the winter sets in very severe. If
+intended to be shaded while in flower, leave a sufficiency of space in
+the alleys as directed for Tulips and Hyacinths. Do not raise the beds
+above one inch higher than the alleys, and form the surface level, in
+order to detain rather than throw off moisture. Then draw drills exactly
+two inches deep and six inches apart across the bed. In these place the
+roots, claws down, about four inches distant from each other. The roots
+of the Anemones are flat, and the side on which there are small
+protuberances, is that from which the stems proceed. Press each root a
+little down with the hand, and cover all carefully so as not to displace
+them. Smooth the surface with the rake, leaving the bed quite level.
+
+Many other bulbous flowers might be added to the above; but as their
+culture is so similar, it would be superfluous to say more of them. They
+should be allowed space and depth according to the size of the bulb; a
+covering of two inches for the smallest, and five for the largest, will
+generally answer, and the intermediate roots in proportion. We will
+enumerate a few of the different kinds, _Starch_ and _Musk Hyacinths_;
+of _Narcissus_, the _Paper_, _Grand Monarque_, and _Nodding_, with the
+two previously mentioned, are the most profuse in flower. Some of them
+will have above twelve flowers on one stem. Of _Lilies_, all the
+varieties of _Mártagon_, _Tigrìnum_ and _Chalcedónicum_, with our native
+species and varieties. Of _Iris_, _Lusitánica_, two varieties, yellow
+and blue; _Xiphioídes_, or _Ziphioídes_; and _Pérsica_, are the finest
+of the bulbous sorts. Snow-drop with several other minor bulbs.
+
+All of these flowering bulbs may be advantageously planted in patches
+through the garden by taking out about one square foot of earth. Break
+it well, and if poor enrich it. Plant four bulbs in each of the same
+colour, and the clumps that are contiguous to contain different colours.
+
+
+PLANTING AND TRANSPLANTING.
+
+This is a very proper period to plant the beautiful and early flowering
+_Pyrus japónica_, now called _Cydónia japónica_. The blossoms are of a
+rich scarlet colour. It is the earliest flowering shrub of the garden,
+and deciduous, though said by some to be "an evergreen." The plant is
+bushy, and well adapted for single plants in grass plats, or forming
+low ornamental hedges. There is likewise _C. j. álba_, a fine white
+variety of the same habit, and both are of the hardiest nature--also for
+the various species of _Anemònes_ and all the herbaceous _Pæonias_.
+
+Of the latter there are above nineteen species and twenty-two varieties,
+a few of which are particularly esteemed, and exceedingly handsome. _P.
+èdulis whitlíji_ is a splendid large double _P èdulis_ white; _P. Hùmei_
+is a beautiful large double dark blush; _P. èdulis fràgrans_ is a fine
+large double scarlet, rose-scented variety. These three plants ought to
+be in every garden. The flowers are full in the centre, and frequently
+above six inches in diameter; _P. álba chinènsis_ is said to be the
+largest and finest of the herbaceous sorts; colour pure white, with pink
+at the bottom of the petals--it is a scarce variety; _P. paradóxa
+fimbàtria_, fringed double red, and esteemed; _P. officinális rúbra_ is
+the common double red. There are several other very fine single species
+and varieties, the flowers of which are principally red or blush, but
+none so magnificent as the above mentioned. This is perhaps a more
+favourable period to plant _Dodecátheon_ than March; for its character
+see that month of this department. _Asclèpias tuberòsa_ should now be
+planted.
+
+_Double Primroses_, _Polyanthus_, _Daisies_, &c. Any of these that were
+planted in shaded situations in spring, and have been preserved through
+the summer, should have for their farther protection a bed well
+sheltered from the north west, in which they should be planted four
+inches apart. Give them a few sprinklings of water in the morning, and
+have a temporary frame of rough boards put together to place over them
+during the severity of winter. The frame may be covered with the same in
+place of glass, which must be kept over them while they are in a frozen
+state.
+
+Any other plants that are in the ground, which are intended to be
+protected with frames through the winter, ought to be immediately lifted
+and potted; and treated as directed for all new potted plants.
+
+
+GRASS AND GRAVEL WALKS.
+
+The former should be trimly cut and well rolled this month, that they
+may appear neat all winter. Never allow decayed leaves to lay any time
+upon them, as they are apt to rot out the grass. The latter should be
+divested of every weed, and receive a firm rolling. Clear them at all
+times of leaves and other litter. These, if on a declivity, and have not
+a firm substantial bottom, will be subject to be cut up with every heavy
+rain. A break should be put in every twenty, forty, or eighty feet, to
+throw off the water. A strong plank will answer perfectly well, but in
+such situations we would prefer grass-walks.
+
+
+PLANTING EVERGREENS.
+
+This month is the best period in autumn to plant these shrubs, and where
+there is a great extent to be planted it would be advisable to do a
+part of it now; but we give the preference to April, which see for
+directions.
+
+
+GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.
+
+When the plantings of bulbs, &c. are finished, every part of the garden
+should have a thorough cleaning. All annual flowers will have passed the
+season of their beauty; therefore, remove the decayed flower stems or
+haulm, and trim off the borders. Dig all vacant ground, especially that
+intended to be planted with shrubs in the ensuing spring, which ought to
+be dug from one to two feet deep. Roses delight in a deep light soil.
+
+
+
+
+=Rooms.=
+
+_OCTOBER._
+
+
+Have a stage or stages, as described last month, in the situations where
+they are intended to remain all winter; place the plants on them from
+the first to the eighth of this month, beginning with the tallest on the
+top, graduating to the bottom. It is desirable to place flats or saucers
+under each, to prevent the water from falling to the floor, and the
+water should be emptied from the flats of all except those of _Cálla_
+and _Hydrángea_. The latter while dormant should be kept only a little
+moist.
+
+Previous to taking in the plants, they should be divested of every
+decayed leaf, insects, and all contracted dust, having their shoots
+neatly tied up, and every one in correct order. Every leaf of the
+_Caméllias_ ought to be sponged, and the plants placed in a cool airy
+exposure, shaded from the direct rays of the sun. If the flower buds are
+too crowded, picking off the weakest will preserve the remainder in
+greater perfection, and prevent them in part from falling off. Do not on
+any occasion keep them in a room where there is much fire heat, as the
+flower buds will not expand in an arid atmosphere. See Green-house this
+month more largely on this subject.
+
+
+OF BULBOUS ROOTS.
+
+Those that are intended to flower in glasses, should be placed therein
+this month and kept in a cool room. After the fibres begin to push a few
+shoots, the glasses may be taken to the warmest apartments to cause them
+to flower early. Bring a few from the coldest to the warmest every two
+weeks, and thus a succession of bloom may be kept up from January to
+March. Where the roots intended for pots are still out of the ground,
+the sooner they are planted the better. (See last month for directions.)
+
+_Cape Bulbs._ All that are unplanted and offering to grow, should be put
+in pots forthwith. Ample directions are given for the planting of these
+in the two preceding months.
+
+Repot _Rùbus rosæfòlius_, or Bramble-rose. They should have pots one
+size larger than those they are now in. To make them flower profusely,
+when done blooming in May, divide them and put only a few stems in one
+pot, and repot them in this month, as above directed.
+
+
+GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.
+
+Any herbaceous plants in the collection ought to be set aside, and the
+water in part withheld. When the stems and foliage are decayed, the
+plants may be put in a cool cellar, where they will not be in danger of
+frost, and be permitted to remain there until they begin to grow; then
+bring them to the light, and treat as directed for these kinds of
+plants. Deciduous plants may be treated in a similar manner.
+
+
+
+
+=Hot-House.=
+
+_NOVEMBER._
+
+
+The essential points to be attended to in the Hot-house during this
+month, are _fire_, _air_, and _water_. The former must be applied
+according to the weather, observing not to allow the temperature to be
+under fifty degrees, and it ought not to continue long at that degree;
+fifty-two degrees being preferable. The shutters should be on every
+night when there is any appearance of frost, and taken off early in the
+morning. Admit air in small portions every day that the sun has any
+effect, and the atmosphere mild, observing that the temperature of the
+house be above sixty degrees previous to admission. Shut all close early
+in the afternoon or when any sudden changes occur.
+
+
+OF A CISTERN AND WATER.
+
+In watering it is important to have the water of the same temperature in
+this department as the roots of the plants. To have this there are two
+kinds of cisterns, or tanks, that might be adopted; one may be sunk in
+the house under ground, either closely plastered, or lined with lead,
+and neatly covered up, having a small perpendicular pump therein, or
+placed so that the water could be lifted by hand. The other might, where
+convenience will admit, be placed over the furnace, either in the back
+shed, or inside of the house, and the water could be drawn off this by a
+stop-cock. These can be supplied in part with rain water by having
+spouts round the house to lead into the cisterns, supplying any
+deficiency from the pump. Thus water of a congenial temperature may
+always be at hand, which is of great importance to the healthful
+constitution of the plants. The water must now be given in moderate
+portions, examining the plants every day. Be careful in watering bulbs,
+as the smallest supply is sufficient for them at present. Succulents
+will require a little every two weeks, except they are over the flues,
+when they may have some every week.
+
+Constantly clear off all decayed leaves, and carry them out of the
+house, which sweep and wash clean, and keep all in the neatest order.
+
+
+
+
+=Green-House.=
+
+_NOVEMBER._
+
+
+OF AIR AND WATER.
+
+Airing the house should be strictly attended to. Every day that there is
+no frost it may be admitted largely, and in time of slight frosts in
+smaller portions, never keeping it altogether close when the sun has any
+effect on the interior temperature of the house, which should not be
+allowed to be higher than fifty degrees.
+
+Water must be given in a very sparing manner. None of the plants are in
+an active state of vegetation, consequently it will be found that
+looking over them twice a week and supplying their wants will be
+sufficient. Succulents will need a little once in three weeks or a
+month. Give very moderate supplies to the _Amaryllis_ that are dormant,
+and keep all of these bulbs in the warmest part of the house.
+
+
+OF TENDER BULBS.
+
+Where there are tropical bulbs in the collection, and there is not the
+convenience of a Hot-house; they may be very well preserved by shaking
+them clear of the soil. Dry them properly, and place them in a box of
+very dry sand, or moss, which also must be perfectly dry, and put them
+in a situation where they will be clear of frost, and free from damp.
+These can be potted about the first of April. Give no water till they
+begin to grow, then plant them in the garden about the middle of May,
+when they will flower during the summer season, if their age will
+permit.
+
+
+GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.
+
+If there are any of the half hardy plants exposed, have them taken into
+the house, or under the requisite protection, in frames, pits, cellars,
+&c. The autumn flowering Cape bulbs should be placed near the glass, and
+free from the shade of other plants. Cleanliness through the whole house
+and amongst the plants ought at all times to be attended to.
+
+
+
+
+=Flower-Garden.=
+
+_NOVEMBER._
+
+
+Wherever there are any Holland bulbs remaining unplanted, have them put
+in as soon as possible, lest frost should set in. It is not advisable to
+keep them later out of the ground than the beginning of this month.
+
+
+PROTECTION OF CHOICE BULBS.
+
+On the appearance of the severity of winter, the finer sorts of these
+should have a simple protection, not because they will not do without
+such care, but to prevent the alternate thawing and freezing of the
+embryo of the bulb. To give them a covering three inches deep of any of
+the following substances, will do perfectly well,--saw-dust not
+resinous, old tan bark, half decayed leaves, or very rotten manure. The
+last is preferable, as it would in part enrich the soil.
+
+_Anemònes_ and _Ranunculus_ ought to be protected by a frame; the
+foliage being above ground, none of the above will answer. It is not
+necessary that the frame should be covered with glass, close boards will
+answer perfectly, which must not be over them except during frost.
+
+
+TUBEROSES, DAHLIAS, TIGRIDIAS, AND AMARYLLIS.
+
+These tubers and bulbs, as soon as the frost has partly injured the
+foliage, should be taken up, and dried thoroughly, either in the sun or
+a room where there is fire heat, taking care at all times to keep them
+clear from frost. When they are dry, divest them of their foliage and
+fibres. When perfectly dry, pack them in boxes with dry sand, or moss.
+Store these away for the winter, either in a warm room or a dry cellar,
+where they will at all times be exempt from frost, the least touch of
+which would destroy them. We have kept them completely secure in the
+cellar.
+
+
+ERYTHRINAS.
+
+Where there are any plants of _E. herbàcea_, _E. laurifòlia_, or _E.
+crísta-gálla_, which are intended to be lifted, they should be carefully
+done and preserved in half dry earth, and kept beside the _Dáhlias_. We
+are not sure of the former agreeing with this treatment, but certain of
+the others, which are magnificent ornaments in the Flower-garden.
+
+
+PRIMROSES, POLYANTHUS, AND DAISIES,
+
+That were planted in a sheltered spot, as directed last month, should
+have a frame placed over them, and their covering in readiness for the
+approach of winter; giving the plants a light covering of leaves, which
+will preserve their foliage from the effects of frost.
+
+
+CHOICE CARNATIONS, PINKS, AND AURICULAS,
+
+That are in pots, should be placed in the frame intended for their abode
+during winter. If the pots are plunged to the rims in tan, half decayed
+leaves, or saw dust, it will greatly protect their roots from the severe
+effects of frost. Where glass is used for these frames, they should have
+besides a covering of boards, or straw mats; those that are in beds may
+be covered as above directed for Primroses, &c.
+
+They ought not to be uncovered while in a frozen state. It is not
+altogether the intensity of cold that destroys these plants so much as
+the alternate thawing and freezing.
+
+All half hardy plants, such as _Wall-flower_, _German stocks_,
+_Sweet-bay_, tender roses, with several others, should be protected as
+above directed for Carnations. Earth or tan should be put round the
+outside of these frames, which will be a partial shelter from the
+changing state of the atmosphere. Oak leaves answer the purpose very
+well, but they are a harbour for all kinds of vermin, especially rats
+and mice, which would destroy every thing. It may be useful to say a few
+words on the nature of tan or tanner's bark. Many suppose that the
+smallest quantity will produce heat, If three or four cart loads of it
+are put into one heap, and protected from the rain, it will ferment; and
+when the first fermentation is abated, by mixing it with leaves, a
+substantial hot-bed may be made. Or put it by itself into a pit, and
+where there is no pit, boards may be substituted to keep it together;
+either of these methods will produce a lasting heat. But in small
+quantities and exposed to rain, &c. no heat will be produced, but rather
+the contrary. It is excellent when dry in keeping out frost from any
+plants, being a body not easily penetrated, similar to dry sand,
+saw-dust, or dry leaves. Frequently the same opinion is held in regard
+to stable manure, small portions of which will never produce heat.
+
+
+OF PROTECTING PLANTS IN THE GARDEN.
+
+During this or next month, according to the state of the season, protect
+all the plants that are in the ground, which are not completely hardy.
+To avoid repetition, these will be designated in the general list. The
+coverings may be straw, Russia mats, canvass, boxes or barrels. The two
+latter must be perforated in the top, to let the damp air pass off, or
+the plant would become musty, or finally mortify. Those covered with
+straw or mats should have small stakes placed round the plants, and
+covering tied thereto, and remain so until the month of March or first
+of April. Herbaceous plants that are tender, may be covered with three
+or four inches of tan, saw-dust, or half decayed leaves, which will tend
+greatly to preserve their roots. These coverings must be carefully
+removed on the first opening of spring. The shrubs that are otherwise
+covered would be greatly benefited by having their roots protected in a
+similar manner as directed for herbaceous plants.
+
+
+PROTECTION OF SEEDLING BULBS.
+
+If any seeds of _Hyacinths_, _Tulips_, _Fritillària_, were sown in pots
+or boxes, let them be removed to a dry sheltered situation, and plunged
+level with the ground; or fill the spaces between them with dry leaves
+or tanner's bark, and cover the whole with new fallen leaves, laying
+over all a few boards to prevent the wind blowing them off. These form
+better coverings than straw or haulm, which is liable to become musty,
+and communicate the effect to the roots. The above covering is not
+required until the approach of severe frost.
+
+
+OF PLANTING DECIDUOUS TREES AND SHRUBS.
+
+It is not recommendable to make a general planting of these at this
+period of the year; the success entirely depending on the nature of the
+season and the state of the soil. If any are planted, let them be those
+of the hardiest nature, and in light and absorbent soil, not subject to
+be stagnated or over-flooded during winter. When this and next month are
+mild, autumn plantings are frequently as sure as those of the spring.
+But the precarious state of the seasons is not to be depended upon,
+therefore avoid largo plantings of any kind, and more especially of
+delicate roses, the roots of which are apt to rot off except they have
+been previously grown in pots. Nothing can be more injurious to a plant
+at this season particularly, than to bed its roots in mortar, by which
+the tender fibres either perish or are cramped ever afterwards. The soil
+at time of planting should be so friable as not to adhere to the spade,
+which is a good rule in planting at any season, or in any soil.
+
+
+GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.
+
+Carry out of the garden all decayed leaves and litter of every
+description, cutting down any weeds that remain. Collect all the stakes
+and rods that have been supporting plants; tie them up in bundles for
+the use of next year, and put them under cover. Look over every part of
+the garden, and see that nothing has been omitted in the way of covering
+or other protection. The sashes that are to be used on the frames should
+be perfectly whole, every interstice in the glass puttied, and all ready
+for use when occasion may require. Attend to all plants in pots, and
+give them gentle waterings as they stand in need; but never during the
+time the soil is frozen about their roots.
+
+
+
+
+=Rooms.=
+
+_NOVEMBER._
+
+
+GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.
+
+The remarks and instructions that are given last month for these
+apartments will equally answer here. Where the Dutch bulbs were omitted
+to be placed in glasses, they ought not to be longer delayed. A few pots
+of those that were planted in September may be placed in a warmer
+situation. If they were plunged in the ground, the roots will be
+strongly fibred, and will produce large flowers, providing the bulbs are
+of a good sort.
+
+_Oxàlis._ The autumn flowering species will now be in bloom, and must be
+kept in the sun to make them expand freely. The neglect of this is the
+principal reason that these plants do not flower perfectly in Rooms.
+
+_Caméllias._ These plants, where there is a collection, flower from this
+period to April; and the general desire to be fully acquainted with the
+method of their culture has induced us to be liberal in our observations
+on every point and period through the various stages of their growth and
+flowering. We will here only remind the enquirer, that a pure air, a
+damp atmosphere, and giving the plants frequent sprinklings, are the
+present necessities, which only are conducive to their perfection.
+
+Attend to the turning of Geraniums and other rapid growing plants, that
+all sides of them may have an equal share of light.
+
+
+
+
+=Hot-House.=
+
+_DECEMBER._
+
+
+The uncertainty of the weather in this month requires the operator to be
+constantly on guard, to ward off danger, either from frost, snow, or
+cutting winds. The temperature observed last month must be continued,
+but not exceeded, which would cause premature vegetation, of which the
+result and effects have already been frequently observed. Always kindle
+the fires in time, to prevent the heat from being lower than what has
+been mentioned, lest a severe frost should take, as then a considerable
+lapse ensues before the fire has any effect, and if the wind blows high,
+the result might be injurious, unless the house be very close.
+
+
+OF SHUTTERS.
+
+The benefit of these in severe weather is of material service, for the
+preservation of an even temperature in the house during the night, when
+changes are not observed, but they ought never to remain on through the
+day when the fire can be properly attended to. If the front and the
+lowest sash of the roof are covered with these, it is generally
+sufficient. They should be made of half inch boards, closely grooved
+together, having a cross bar in the centre, and one at each end with one
+at each side, which will make them substantial. If they are frequently
+painted with care, they will last many years. No snow ought to be
+allowed to lay on these while they are on the glass, for reasons that we
+have assigned. See _January_ and _February_.
+
+Some adopt double panes of glass to supersede the use of shutters,
+which, they think are attended with considerable labour, (at the most
+only ten minutes a day while in use.) The sash frame is made a little
+deeper, so as to allow half an inch between the panes of glass. The one
+is glazed from the out and the other from the inside. It appears to
+answer the purpose tolerably well, but the glass must be both fine and
+even in the surface, lest a lens should be produced, and cause a focus,
+which would evidently hurt some part of the plants. We are almost
+confident that we have seen this effect in some instances. There must be
+a small hole about an eighth of an inch in both ends of each row of
+glass to allow a current to dry up the moisture that may arise.
+
+
+OF PLACING BULBS, &c. IN THE HOT-HOUSE.
+
+If any _Hyacinths_ or other Dutch roots are wanted to flower early, a
+few of them may be put in the Hot-house near the front glass, which will
+greatly tend to forward their time of flowering. By having some brought
+in every two weeks, a continued succession of bloom will be kept up.
+
+_Calceolàrias._ Two or three plants of the fine blooming kinds may be
+placed in this department, towards the end of the month. Divide the
+roots as soon as they begin to grow, leaving only one stem to each
+root, which put in a four inch pot, enlarging it as soon as the roots
+extend to the outside of the ball, that by the month of May they may be
+in seven or eight inch pots, in which they will flower superbly. Give
+_Alstr[oe]merias_ the same treatment.
+
+
+GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.
+
+If there is a tan bed in the house, and it was renewed in September, the
+pots should now be plunged therein. The violent heat will partly be
+over, and the plants are not so liable to suffer at root in this as last
+month. It will in part prevent the plants from being affected by sudden
+changes of temperature. Be attentive in keeping all insects completely
+under. This is the period that these are most neglected, but by
+attending to the modes of their destruction, as already given, no
+species of them will either be hurtful or unsightly. Syringe the plants
+about twice a week, and always remember that decayed leaves or litter of
+any description do not beautify healthy plants, neither do they form a
+part of a well kept Hot-house.
+
+
+
+
+=Green-House.=
+
+_DECEMBER._
+
+
+The weather may probably be now severe, and it is at all times advisable
+to keep the temperature as steady and regular as possible. The
+thermometer should be kept in the centre of the house, and free from the
+effects of reflection. As noticed last month, sun heat may be as high as
+50° in the house, and would not be hurtful, but it should not continue
+so for any considerable time without admission of air. The fire heat
+should not exceed 43°, and never be below 33°. It ought not to continue
+at that point--36° is the lowest for a continuation that with safety can
+be practised. So that no error may occur, the temperature ought to be
+known in the coolest and warmest part of the house, and the variation
+remembered. Then whatever part of the house the thermometer is placed, a
+true calculation of the heat of the whole interior can be made. We would
+recommend to the inexperienced to keep the thermometer in the coldest
+part of the house. A Green-house compactly and closely built, and the
+glass all covered with shutters, (which no house ought to be constructed
+without,) will seldom require artificial heat; but by being long kept
+close, the damp will increase. In such case give a little fire heat, and
+admit air to purify the house. In fresh mild weather, give liberal
+portions of air all over the house; and though there is a little frost,
+while mild, and the sun shining, the plants will be benefited by a small
+portion of air for the space of an hour, or even for half of that time.
+
+Whatever state the weather may be through the winter, never keep the
+house long shut up. Thirty-six hours, or at most sixty, should be the
+longest time at once; rather give a little fire heat.
+
+We are no advocates for keeping plants long in darkness, and never think
+that our plants are receiving justice, if kept longer in darkness than
+two nights and one day.
+
+Respecting watering and other necessary operations, see next month
+particularly.
+
+
+BULBOUS ROOTS.
+
+Those that were plunged in the garden, if not lifted and brought under
+cover, should now be done without delay. Clean the pots, and stir up the
+surface of the soil. Hyacinths grow neatest by being kept very close to
+the top glass; the flower stems are thereby stronger and shorter. Water
+moderately until they begin to grow freely.
+
+
+
+
+=Flower Garden.=
+
+_DECEMBER._
+
+
+GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.
+
+Having in the preceding month, under this head, given details for the
+protection of plants of a delicate nature, and the forwarding of
+necessary work, only a few remarks remain to be added. If there is any
+part therein described omitted, have it done forthwith; every day
+increases the danger of the effects of frost. If there is a doubt of any
+plants not standing without protection which are generally considered
+perfectly hardy, such as _Champney_, _Grevillii_, _Noisette_, and
+similar roses, tie straw or mats three or four feet up the stems of
+such, which will prevent all risk.[J] For valuable plants that are on
+walls, and in danger of being entirely destroyed, it is advisable to be
+at the expense of having a frame made to answer them, and cover the same
+with oil-cloth. The frame thus covered could be taken off in mild
+weather, and replaced again when necessary, causing very little trouble;
+and if properly taken care of, would last many years. Coverings of any
+construction and of the same material would answer for any part of the
+garden, and are the best in our opinion that could be adopted.
+
+[J] In the winter of 1831-1832, some of these roses were cut to the
+ground, where strong plants of _Lagerstr[oe]mia índica_ received not the
+smallest injury.
+
+
+
+
+=Rooms.=
+
+_DECEMBER._
+
+
+As the trying season is now approaching for all plants that are kept in
+rooms, especially those that are desired to have a flourishing aspect
+through the winter, a few general instructions (although they may have
+been previously advanced) will perhaps be desirable to all those who are
+engaged in this interesting occupation, which forms a luxury through the
+retired hours of a winter season, and with very little attention many
+are the beauties of vegetative nature that will be developed to the
+gratification of every reflecting mind. The following is a routine of
+every day culture.
+
+Do not at any time admit air (except for a few moments) while the
+thermometer is below 32° exposed in the shade.
+
+In time of very severe frosts the plants ought to be withdrawn from the
+window to the centre of the room during night.
+
+Never give water until the soil in the pots is inclining to become dry,
+except for Hyacinths and other Dutch bulbs that are in a growing state,
+which must be liberally supplied.
+
+Destroy all insects as soon as they appear; for means of destruction see
+next month.
+
+Give a little air every favourable opportunity, (that is, when the
+thermometer is above 33° exposed in the shade,) by putting up the
+window one, two or three inches, according to the state of the weather.
+
+Clean the foliage with sponge and water frequently to remove all dust,
+&c. The water thus used must not exceed 96° or blood-heat, but 60° is
+preferable.
+
+Turn the plants frequently to prevent them growing to one side.
+
+_Roses_ of the daily sort may be obtained early by having them in a warm
+room, that has a south window, and as soon as they begin to grow, admit
+air in small portions about noon every day that the sun has any effect.
+Such must be well supplied with water.
+
+_Caméllias_, when in bud and flower, should never be allowed to become
+the least dry, neither confined from fresh air. The effects would be
+that the buds would become stinted, dry, and drop off. Therefore, to
+have these in perfection, attend strictly to watering. Give frequent
+airings, and wash the leaves once in two weeks with water. Never keep
+them above one day in a room, where there is a strong coal fire, and not
+above two days where wood is used as fuel. The most of _Caméllias_ will
+bear 3° of frost without the smallest injury, so that they are easier
+kept than _Geraniums_, except when they are in bloom. In that state
+frost will destroy the flowers. The air of a close cellar is destruction
+to the buds.
+
+Bulbs in glasses must be supplied with fresh water once a week, in which
+period they will inhale all the nutritive gas that they derive from that
+element, if they are in a growing state.
+
+
+ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF A HOT-HOUSE.
+
+There have been many plans devised and visionary projects offered to the
+public as the best for a well regulated Hot-house. As we intend forming
+one for practical purposes, we shall adopt a convenient size, have flues
+for the conveyance of heat, and coal or wood for fuel.
+
+_Site and Aspect._--The house should stand on a situation naturally dry,
+and if possible sheltered from the north west, and clear from all shade
+on the south, east and west, so that the sun may at all times act
+effectually upon the house. The standard principle as to aspect is to
+set the front directly to the south. Any deviation from that point
+should incline to east.
+
+_Dimensions._--The length may be from ten feet upwards; but if beyond
+thirty feet, the number of fires and flues are multiplied. The medium
+width is from twelve to sixteen feet. Our directions will apply to the
+two extreme points, viz. thirty feet by sixteen, and in height at back
+from twelve to eighteen feet; the height in front six feet, including
+about three feet in brick basement to support the front glass, which
+will be two and a half feet, allowing six inches for frame work.
+
+_Furnace and Flues._--It is of great importance to have these erected in
+such a manner as will effectually heat the house. The greatest
+difficulty is to have the furnace to draw well. As workmen are not
+generally conversant on the subject, nor yet understand the effect or
+distribution of heat in these departments, we will give minute details
+on their construction. The furnace should be outside of the house,
+either at back or end; the former is preferable, circumstances not
+always allowing it on the other plan. Dig out the furnace hole, or what
+is termed stock hole, about five feet deep. Let the door of the furnace
+be in the back wall of the house, thereby having all the heated building
+inside, that no heat may be lost. The brick work round the furnace
+should be from fifteen to eighteen inches thick, laying the inside with
+fire-brick. The furnace will require to be two and a half feet long, ten
+inches wide, and one foot high, before the spring of the arch and clear
+of the bars; leave one foot for an ash pit, then lay the bars. They
+should be sixteen inches long, one inch broad on the upper side, two
+inches deep, and two eighths broad on the lower side, and with the door
+and frame should be cast iron. Half an inch between each bar will be
+sufficient. The flue should rise from the furnace by a steep declivity
+of about two feet, and pass the door of the house (without a dip), when
+it must be elevated above the level of the floor of the house along the
+front, and at the opposite end of the house must dip to pass the door.
+The dip must not be lower than the top of the furnace, and should be of
+a concave form, (avoiding acute angles.) Lead it along the back to enter
+the wall over the furnace. When thus taken round the house, the heat
+will be expanded before it passes off, The inside of the flues should be
+about six inches wide and eight inches deep; plaster the bottom of it,
+but no other part, as plaster is partially a non-conductor. The above
+description is for burning anthracite coal, but where wood is to be the
+fuel, the furnace and flues must be one half larger. We have been
+particular in the description of furnace bars, as those generally used
+are miserable substitutes. Circumstances may cause the furnace to be
+placed at the end or front of the house. In either case the stock hole
+will not require to be so deep; or where there is only one door in the
+house a stock hole three and a half feet deep will be enough, which
+should be built like a cellar to keep out any under water. In all
+instances pass the first flue to the front of the house, over which have
+a close shelf eight inches clear, covered with two inches of sand, and
+by keeping it moist will afford a very congenial heat to young valuable
+plants. Likewise over the furnace have a frame in the same manner, which
+will be found valuable. Any part of the furnace or flue that is under
+the floor of the house, should have a vacuity on both sides to let the
+heat pass upward.
+
+_Bark Pit._--We consider such an erection in the centre of a Hot-house a
+nuisance, and prefer a stage, which may be constructed according to
+taste. It should be made of the best Carolina pine, leaving a passage
+round the whole to cause a free circulation of air. The back and end
+paths should be about two feet wide, and the front three feet. The angle
+of the stage should be parallel with the glass, having the steps from
+six inches to one foot apart.
+
+Where there are some large plants, they may stand on the floor behind
+the stage, or on tressels, according to their height.
+
+_Angle of the glazed roof._--The pitch of the roof is usually varied to
+agree with the design of the house, and the size of the plants to be
+grown therein. Where pleasure and ornament are the principal objects,
+the angle should be about 43°, but a few degrees of inclination either
+way is of minor importance, the height and elevation being regulated by
+the size of the plants intended to be cultivated. It is not advisable to
+shingle any part of the roof on the south aspect.
+
+_Materials for glazed frames._--Carolina pine is the best material for
+the wood work, as it is not so subject to decay from moisture and heat
+as the other kinds of pine wood. The frames or sashes can be of any
+convenient length, not exceeding ten feet, and about three and a half or
+four feet wide, divided so as they can be glazed with glass six inches
+wide.
+
+_Of glazing._ The pieces of glass should not exceed six inches by ten,
+the lappings about one quarter of an inch. The frames ought to have one
+coat of paint previous to glazing, and all under the glass puttied. Some
+prefer the lappings to be puttied also. It is our opinion that in a
+Hot-house these should not be puttied, but in the Green-house the closer
+they can be made the better.
+
+_Of Shutters._--These should be made of half inch white pine, and bound
+on both ends and sides, having a cross piece in the middle of the same.
+They ought to be painted once in three years.
+
+
+ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF A GREEN-HOUSE.
+
+In many respects, the construction of the Green-house will be the same
+as the Hot-house, but might be made much more an ornamental object, and
+could be erected contiguous to the mansion-house, with large folding
+doors to open at pleasure, and be connected with the drawing-room or
+parlour. The extent may vary according to the collection to be
+cultivated.
+
+It was formerly the practice to build these houses with glass only in
+front, and even to introduce between the windows strong piers of brick
+or stone: but this is now abolished, and has given way to a light and
+ornamental style, by which cheerfulness and the desired utility are
+better consulted. There should be conveniences in the back part of the
+house, that a free current of air may be obtained whenever desired,
+which is an essential point. Two or three dark windows will answer the
+purpose well, if made to open and shut at pleasure.
+
+
+
+
+ON LAYING OUT A FLOWER-GARDEN.
+
+
+_Soil, situation, and ground--Plan._--A soil of common good qualities,
+moderately light and mellow, will grow most of the hardy herbaceous
+flowers, and the evergreen and deciduous ornamental shrubs. The
+situation should not be so low as to be damp and wet, or liable to be
+inundated, neither so high as to be scorched or dried up by the sun. The
+surface should be level or moderately sloping, and if unequal, parts of
+it may be transposed, so as to make gentle inclinations. In regard to
+form, it may be of any shape, and must be often adapted to local
+circumstances; but if it is so circumscribed that the eye can at once
+embrace the whole, it is desirable that it should be of some regular
+figure.
+
+_Of Fences._--Where domestic buildings do not serve as a boundary,
+either paling or hedge-fence has to be resorted to: we would prefer the
+former on the north or north-west side, which is of great advantage as a
+screen from cutting winds. For hedge-fences and their kinds, see page
+210. The exotic observed there is _Thùja orientàlis_, Chinese
+Arbor-vitæ. The internal fences for shade or shelter to particular
+compartments, or to afford a diversity of aspect, may be made of
+_Sweetbriar_, _hardy China roses_, _Pyrus_, _red_ and _white_, with a
+few others of a similar nature, all of which must be attended to, to
+have them in neat order.
+
+_Style of dividing the Ground._--This may vary with the extent of the
+ground, and the object of the cultivator.
+
+The principal designs may be delineated, but one to answer every view
+and situation, we pretend not to give. In the first place, carry a
+boundary walk all round the garden, on one or two sides of which it may
+be straight, the others winding. The intersecting walks should (almost
+imperceptibly) lead to a centre, but not to cross at right angles, or
+to have parallel lines, as if divided or laid down by a mathematical
+scale, which is too formal for the diversification of nature. All walks
+through these pleasure departments should be winding and enlivening, not
+continuing any length in one direction.[K] The continuous view of a
+straight walk is dull and monotonous. The divisions should be highest
+about the centre, that whatever is planted therein may have effect; and
+to make a Flower-garden fully interesting, and render it a source of
+natural information, where free scope might at all times be afforded to
+employ the leisure hours in mental improvement, there should be a good
+system of arrangement adopted.
+
+[K] Since writing the above we have seen the Flower-garden of J. B.
+Smith, Esq. and consider it a beautiful specimen, finely illustrating
+the taste of that gentleman.
+
+The _Linnean_ system is the most easily acquired. A small compartment
+laid out in beds might contain plants of all the twenty-four _classes_,
+and a few of all the hardy _orders_, which do not exceed one hundred. Or
+to have their natural characters more assimilated, the _Jussieuean_
+system could be carried into effect by laying down a grass plat, to any
+extent above one quarter of an acre, and cut therein small figures to
+contain the natural families, which of hardy plants we do not suppose
+would exceed one hundred and fifty. The difficulties of this arrangement
+are, that many of the characters are imperfectly known even to the most
+scientific. _Mr. John Lindley_ has given additional light on the subject
+by his last publication. All the large divisions should be intersected
+by small allies, or paths, about one and a half or two feet wide. These
+may be at right angles, or parallel, for convenience and order, in
+making beds, &c. for the various Dutch roots and other flowers. Patches
+or plats of grass studded with shrubs, deciduous and evergreen, are
+indispensable, and perhaps one or two grass walks.
+
+_Of Walks._--These should have five or six inches of lime and brick
+rubbish, or broken stone in the bottom, covered with small pebbles, and
+firmly rolled with a heavy roller, over which lay two or three inches of
+fine gravel, giving the whole a complete rolling. Walks made on this
+method will stand well, and be always dry and firm. With regard to
+breadth, they must be made according to the extent of ground, and vary
+from three to thirty feet; from four to eight feet is generally
+adopted.
+
+
+
+
+_Plants described or mentioned in this Work._
+
+
+  _Linnæan Name_.         _English Name_.
+
+  ACÀCIA 61, 219.
+    1 móllis,             downy.
+    glaucéscens,          glaucescent.
+    verticiláta,          whorl-leaved.
+    florabùnda,           many-flowered.
+    diffùsa,              spreading.
+    _prostràta_.
+    armàta,               armed.
+    var. pendùla,         weeping.
+    verniciflùa,          varnished.
+    decúrrens,            decurrent.
+    púbescens,            hairy-stemmed.
+    leucolòbia,           white-podded.
+    _dealbàta_.
+    decípiens,            paradoxical.
+    fragràns,             scented.
+    pulchélla,            neat.
+    lophántha,            two-spiked.
+    _Mimósa élegans_.
+    myrtifòlia,           myrtle-leaved.
+    Catéchu,              Catechu.
+    véra,                 true.
+    Arábica,              Arabian.
+
+  ANNESLÈIA 219.
+    1 Houstóni,           Houston's.
+    _Acàcia Houstóni_.
+    grandiflòra,          large-flowered.
+    _Acácia grandiflòra_.
+
+  ACMADÈNIA 86.
+    6 lávigata,           smooth.
+    púngens,              pungent.
+    tetragýnia,           four-sided.
+
+  AGATHÓSMA 86.
+    6 accuminàta,         taper-pointed.
+    hýbrida,              hybrid.
+    Thunbergiàna,         Thunberges.
+    imbricàta,            imbricated.
+    prolífera,            proliferous.
+    pátula,               spreading.
+    pulchélla,            pretty.
+    ciliáta,              profuse-flowering.
+
+  ADENÁNDRA 86.
+    6 speciòsa,           large-flowered.
+    umbellàta,            umbel-flowered.
+    álba,                 white-flowered.
+    fragràns,             sweet-scented.
+    uniflòra,             one-flowered.
+
+  ANEMÓNE 134.            Wind-flower.
+    15 palmàta plèno,     double-yellow.
+    stellàta versícolor,  various.
+    pavonìna plèno,       scarlet.
+    narcissiflòra,        narcissus-flowered.
+    Hallèri,              Haller's.
+    alpìne,               alpine.
+    nemoròsa plèno,       double-leaved.
+    thalictròides "       common-double.
+
+  AMÓMUM 36.
+
+  ATRÀGENE 196.
+    alpìna,               alpine.
+
+  ÁPICRA 260.
+
+  AMARÝLLIS 260, 271, 274.
+    11 striatfòlia,       stripe-leaved.
+    Jonsòni,              Johnson's.
+    regìna,               Mexican-lily.
+    vittàta,              striped.
+    fùlgida,              fulged.
+    àulica,               crowned.
+    psittácina,           parrot.
+     "  Cowbèrgia,        Cowberges'.
+     "  pulverulènta,     powdered.
+    Griffìni,             Griffin's.
+    formòsa,              large.
+
+  ANTIRRHÌNUM 134,        Snap-dragon.
+    màjus,                large.
+    mólle,                soft.
+    Sículum,              Sicilian.
+
+  ASCLÈPIAS 134, 321,     Silk-flower.
+    tuberòsa,             tuberous.
+    rùbra,                red.
+    nívea,                white.
+    purpuráscens,         purple-coloured.
+    incarnàta,            fleshy-coloured.
+
+  ACONÍTUM 134,           Wolfe's-bane.
+    speciòsum,            showy.
+    anthòra,              wholesome.
+    neúrbergensis,        Syria.
+    amæ'num,              pretty.
+    napéllus,             monk's-hood.
+    venústum,             beautiful.
+    zoóctonum,            beast-bane.
+    pyramidále,           pyramidal.
+    lycóctonum            great-yellow.
+    albùm,                white.
+    versícolor,           three-coloured.
+
+  ÁLOE 219, 271.
+    10 vulgàris,          common.
+    Barbadénsis,          Barbadoes.
+    oblíqua,              oblique.
+    dichótoma,            smooth-stemmed.
+    lineàta,              red-edged.
+
+  ADÓNIS 134.
+    vernális,             spring.
+
+  ARISTÉA 125.
+    5 cyànea,             blue.
+
+  ALSTR[OE]MERIA 18, 57, 229, 339.
+    10 flós-martína,      san-martin.
+    pelegrìna,            spotted.
+    pulchélla,            pretty.
+    atro-purpùrea,        dark.
+
+  AGROSTÉMMA 143.
+    flós-cucùla,          ragged-robin.
+    _Lychnìs flós-cucùla_.
+
+  ARAUCÀRIA 261.
+    12 excélsa,           Norfork-Island-pine.
+    imbricàta,            Chile-pine.
+
+  APHÉLEXIS 88.
+    5 hùmilis,            dwarf.
+    _Elichrýsum spectábile_.
+
+  AMÓRPHA 45.
+
+  ASTÉLMA 93.
+    8 exímia,             beautiful.
+    spiràlis,             spiral-leaved.
+    speciosíssimus,       showy.
+    fruticàns,            frutescent.
+    imbricàtum,           imbricated.
+
+  ANGÓPHORA 107.
+    6 cordifòlia,         heart-leaved.
+    híspida,              hispid.
+
+  ALOÝSIA 123.
+    9 citriodòra,         lemon-scented.
+    _Verbéna tripfýlla_.
+
+  AMPELÒPSIS 198.
+    hederàcea,            Virginian creeper.
+    _Císsus hederàcea_.
+
+  ARISTOLÓCHIA 221.       Birth-wort.
+    9 labiòsa,            lipped.
+
+  ASTRAP`ÆA 221.
+    12 wallíchii,         Wallich's.
+
+  ARÉCA 221.              Cabbage-tree.
+    12 cátechu,           catechu.
+    olerácea,             eatable.
+    montàna,              mountain.
+
+  ARDÍSIA 220.
+    10 crenulàta,        crenulate.
+    solanàcea,           night-shade-leaved.
+    élegans,             elegant.
+    umbellàta,           umbel-flowered.
+    _littoràlis_.
+
+  AGATHAÉA 82.
+    12 cæléstus,         blue.
+
+  AGAPÁNTHUS 62.         African lily.
+    umbellàtus,          umbel-flowered.
+    var. variegàtus,     striped-leaved.
+
+  ALONSÒA 62.
+    incisifòlia,         nettle-leaved.
+    _Hemímeris urticifòlia_.
+    lineàris
+    _Hemímeris lineàris_.
+
+  AÙCUBA 63.
+    4 japónica,          blotch-leaved.
+
+  ANAGÝRIS 63.
+    4 fætida,            strong smelling.
+
+  AZÁLEA 63.
+    5 índica,            Chinese.
+      "  álba,           white.
+      "  purpùrea,       double.
+      "  ph[oe]nícea,    purple.
+    sinénse,             yellow.
+
+  AÒTUS 64.
+    1 villòsa,           villous.
+    virgáta,             slender.
+
+  ANDERSÒNIA 64.
+    6 sprengelioídes,    sprengilia-like.
+
+  ÁRBUTUS 64.            Strawberry-tree.
+    7 Unèdo,             common.
+      "  rùbra,          red-flowered.
+    hýbrida              hybrid.
+    _serratifòlia_, _andrachnoides_.
+    andráchne,           oriental.
+
+
+  BÁNKSIA 64.
+    8 dentàta,           tooth-leaved.
+    æ'mula,              deeply sawed.
+    serráta,             saw-leaved.
+    _undulàta_.
+    latifòlia,           broad-leaved.
+    grándis,             great-flowered.
+    speciòsa,            long-leaved.
+    cunninghàmii,        Cunningham's.
+    spinulòsa,           spiny-leaved.
+    palludòsa,           marsh.
+    rèpens,              creeping
+    verticillàta,        whorl-leaved.
+
+  BLÈTIA 66.
+    9 hyacinthìna,       hyacinthine.
+    _Cymbídium hyacinthìnum_.
+
+  BÒRONIA  66
+    5 pinnáta,           scented.
+    serruláta,           rose-scented.
+    aláta,               wing-leaved.
+
+  BARÓSMA 86.
+    6 serratifòlia,      saw-leaved.
+    pulchèlla,           blunt-leaved.
+    f[oe]tidíssima,      strong-scented.
+    odoráta,             odoriferous.
+    dioíca,              dioecious.
+
+  BABÌANA 303.
+    11 distíca           two-ranked.
+    strícta,             erect.
+    tubiflòra,           tube-flowered.
+    plicáta,             plaited.
+
+  BRUNSVÌGIA 222.
+    11 multiflòra,       many-flowered.
+    laticòma,            broad-headed.
+    Josephínæ,           Josephine's
+    falcáta,             falcate
+    margináta,           red-margined
+    cilliáris,           hairy-margined.
+
+  BAMBUSA 222.           Bamboo-cane.
+    14 arundinàcea,      reed-like.
+
+  BANISTÈRIA 223.
+    fúlgens,             fulgent.
+    chrisophýlla,        shining.
+    splèndens,           splendid.
+
+  BARRINGTÒNIA 223.
+    10 speciòsa,          showy.
+
+  BRÒWNEA 233.
+    10 coccínea,          scarlet.
+    ròsa,                 Trinidad-rose.
+    grandicéps,           grandest.
+
+  BOUVÁRDIA 66.
+    7 triphýlla,          three-leaved.
+    Jacquínii,            shark-leaved.
+    _Ìxora americána_.
+
+  BRACHYSÈMA 66.
+    5 latifòlium,         broad-leaved.
+    undulátum,            wave-leaved.
+
+  BURCHÉLLIA 67.
+    10 capénsis,          cape.
+    parviflòra,           small-flowered.
+
+  BEAUFÓRTIA 67.
+    8 decussáta,          cross-leaved.
+    spàrsa,               alternate-leaved.
+
+  BRÙNIA 67.
+    5 nodiflòra,          imbricated.
+    languinósa,           woolly.
+    comòsa,               tufted.
+    abrotanoídes,         southern wood-like.
+    formòsa,              handsome.
+
+  BÓSEA 67.               Golden-rod-tree.
+    5 yervamóra.
+
+  B`ÆCKIA 67.
+    6 camphoráta,         camphor.
+    pulchélla,            neat.
+    virgáta,              slender.
+
+  BILLARDIÉRA 68.         Apple-berry.
+    longiflòra,           long-flowered.
+    mutàbilis,            changeable.
+    scándens,             climbing.
+    fusifórmis,           long-fruited.
+
+  BÉLLIS 135.             Daisy.
+    perénnís hortensis var. var.  garden.
+
+  BALLÓTA 260.
+    11 purpúrea,          purple-flowered.
+    _Amarýllis purpúrea_.
+
+  BELLADÓNNA 208.
+    11 purpuráscens,      Belladonna Lily.
+    _Amarýllis Belladónna_.
+
+  BIGNÒNIA 197.           Trumpet-flower.
+    crucígera,            cross-bearing.
+    grandiflòra,          large-flowered.
+    rádicans,             rooting.
+
+
+  COTYLÉDON 39.
+
+  COLÙTEA 45.
+
+  CÝTICUS 45.
+
+  CÁLTHA 135.
+    palústris plèno,      double yellow.
+
+  CHAM´ÆROPS 262.         Dwarf-fan-palm.
+    12 sp. sp.
+
+  CÓRYPHA 232.            Large-fan-palm.
+    11 ambraculifera,     large.
+    talìera,              great.
+
+  CLÉMATIS 196, 138, 83,  Virgin's-bower.
+    12 integrifòlia,      entire-leaved.
+    angustifòlia,         narrow-leaved.
+    erécta,               erect-growing.
+    viticélla pulchélla,  double-blue.
+    flámmula,             sweet-scented.
+    virginiàna,           Virginian.
+    flòrida plèno,        double-white.
+    aristàta,             awned.
+    brachiàta,            armed.
+
+  COB´ÆA 83.
+    scándens,             climbing.
+
+  CALLICÁRPA 229.
+
+  CAROLINEA 229.          Cream-nut.
+    17 insignis,          great-flowered.
+    álba,                 white-flowered.
+    prínceps,             digitated.
+    robústa,              robust.
+
+  CARYÓTA 229.
+    12 ùrens,             stinging.
+
+  CALÀTHEA 223.
+    zebrìna               Zebra-plant.
+    _Maránta Zebrína_.
+
+  CÁNNA 224, 35.          Indian-shot.
+    3 gigántea,           tall.
+    limbàta,              bordered.
+    díscolor,             two-coloured.
+    iridiflòra,           nodding-flowered.
+
+  CÁCTUS 224, 271.
+
+  CÈRUS 225.
+    18 peruviànus,        Peruvian.
+    heptagònus,           seven-angled.
+    flagellifórmus,       creeping.
+    grandiflòrus,         night-blooming.
+    triangulàris,         triangular.
+    phyllanthoiídes,      rosy-flowered.
+    _Cáctus Speciosus_.
+    Jenkinsòni,           Jenkinsons'.
+    Speciosíssimus,       showy.
+    Ackermánnia,          Ackerman's.
+    truncàtus,            truncated.
+
+  COREÓPSIS, 138.
+    tenuifòlia,           slender-leaved.
+    verticullàta,         whorl-leaved.
+    díscolor,             two-coloured.
+    trípteris,            three-leaved.
+
+  CALCEOLÁRIA 68, 17, 35, 338., Slipper-wort.
+    10 angustifòlia,      narrow-leaved.
+    integrifòlia,         entire-leaved.
+    plantagínea,          plantain-leaved.
+    corymbósa,            corymb-flowered.
+    purpùrea,             purple-flowered.
+    Hopiána,              Dr. Hopes'.
+    micàns,               fine.
+    hybrìda,              hybrid.
+    Fothergíllii,         Fothergill's.
+    arachnóidea,          cob-web.
+
+  CALOTHÁMNUS 68.
+    6 quadrífida,         four-cleft.
+    claváta,              club-leaved.
+
+  CAMÉLLIA 69, 80.,       Japan-rose.
+    11 víridis,           green-tea.
+    Bohèa,                black-tea.
+    sesánqua,             Lady Banks'.
+    oleífera,             oleiferous.
+    maliflòra,            pink-flowered.
+    _Sesanqua rosea_.
+    kíssi,                nepaul.
+    reticulàta,           Capt. Rawes'.
+    japónica,             original.
+    rùbra,                common.
+    álba,                 single-white.
+    semidúplex,           semidouble red.
+    rùbro pléno,          double red.
+    cárnea,               Middlemist's.
+    myrtifòlia,           myrtle-leaved.
+    _involuta_.
+    myrtifolia,           minor.
+    hexanguláris,         six-sided.
+    atrorùbens,           Loddiges' red.
+    anemoniflòra,         red waratah.
+      "  rósea,           rose war.
+    dianthiflòra,         carnation war.
+    blánda,               blush war.
+    pompónia,             Kew blush.
+    pæoniflòra,           pæony flowered.
+    Welbánkii,            Welbank's.
+    álba-plèno,           double white.
+    flavéscens,           ladies'-blush.
+    fimbriàta,            fringed white.
+    imbricàta,            imbricate petaled.
+    variegàta,            double striped.
+    crassinervis?         thick-nerved.
+    conchiflòra,          shell-flowered.
+    rubricáulis,          Lady Campbell's.
+    longifòlia,           long leaved.
+    chandlèrii,           Chandler's.
+    _versìcolor_.
+    Aitònia,              Aiton's.
+    althæflòra,           holly-hock flowered.
+    corallìna,            coral-flowered.
+    insígnis,             splendid.
+    anemoneflòra álba,    white anemone flowered.
+    heterophýlla,         various leaved.
+    Woódsii,              Mr. Wood's.
+    speciósa,             striped waratah.
+    fúlgens,              fulgent.
+    grandiflòra,          large flowered.
+    rósa-sinénsis,        bright pink.
+    intermédia,           new blush.
+    invíncible,           Press's.
+    _punctàta_.
+    _pressíi_.
+    rose-mundií,          streaked.
+    compàcta,             compact-white.
+    gloriòsa,             dark-red.
+    Róssii,               Ross's.
+
+  CALLICÒMA 80.
+    6 serratifòlia,       saw-leaved.
+
+  CARMICH`ÆLIA 81.
+    8 austrális,          New-Zealand.
+
+  CUNÒNIA 81,             Decandria-digynia.
+    2 Capénsis,           Cape.
+
+  CLÉTHRA 81.
+    2 arbórea,            tree.
+    " variegàta,          variegated-leaved.
+
+  COTONEASTÈR 81.
+    2 denticulàta,        toothed.
+    microphýlla,          small-leaved.
+
+  CRÒWEA 81.
+    1 salígna,            willow-leaved.
+
+  CHORIZÈMA 81.
+    5 nàna,               dwarf.
+    ilicifòlia,           holly-leaved.
+
+  CINERÀRIA 82,           Cape-aster.
+    12 speciósa,          large-flowered.
+    amelloìdes,           blue.
+    purpûrea,             purple.
+    lanáta,               woolly.
+
+  CÍSTUS 82,              Rock-rose.
+    3 ladaníferus,        gum.
+    Monspeliénsis,        Montpelier.
+    sálignis,             willow-leaved.
+    populifòlius,         poplar-leaved.
+    undulàtus,            wave-leaved.
+
+  CAMPÁNULA 135,          Bell-flower.
+    persicifòlia,         peach-leaved.
+    " àlba-plèno,         double-white.
+    " cærùlea-plèno,        "    blue.
+    urticifòlia,          nettle-leaved.
+    speciòsa,             spacious.
+    glomeràta,            headed-flowered.
+    versícolor,           three-coloured.
+
+  CHEIRÁNTHUS 136.
+    chéiri-vulgaris,      Wall-flower.
+     " hæmànthus,         double-bloody.
+    mutàbilis,            changeable.
+
+  CHELONE 136.
+    glábra,               glabrous.
+    oblíqua,              oblique-leaved.
+    barbàta,              bearded-flowered.
+    atropurpùrea,         purple-flowered.
+    pulchélla,            pretty.
+    venústa,              showy.
+    speciòsa,             spacious.
+
+  CHRYSÁNTHEMUM 137.
+    sinénse,              variable-chinese.
+    " tubulòsum álbum,    quilled-white.
+    " supèrbum,           superb-white.
+    " díscolor,           large-lilac.
+    " fúlvum,             Spanish-brown.
+    " atropurpùreum,      early-crimson.
+    " involùtum,          curled-lilac
+    " fasciculàtum,       superb-yellow.
+    " serotìnum,          pale-purple.
+    " papyràceum,         paper-white.
+    " waratáh,            yellow-anemone-flow'd.
+    " versícolor,         two-coloured red.
+    " stellàtum,          starry-purple.
+    " verecúndum,         early-blush.
+    " mutábile,           changeable.
+
+  COCOLÒBA 229,           Sea-side-grape.
+    15 pubéscens,         downy.
+    latifòlia,            broad-leaved.
+
+  CÙPHEA 229.
+    6 Melvílla,           Melvill's.
+
+  CRÒTON 230.
+    pìctus,               painted.
+    variegàtus,           variegated.
+      "  latifòlia,       broad-leaved.
+
+  CÉRBERA 230.
+    17 thevètia,          linear-leaved.
+    ahoùai,               oval-leaved.
+    odállam,              spear-leaved.
+    mànghas,              blunt-leaved.
+
+  CÝCAS 230,              Sago-palm?
+    11 revolúta,          revolute.
+    circinàlis            great.
+    glaùca,               glaucous.
+
+  COMBRÈTUM 231.
+    élegans,              elegant.
+    formòsum,             handsome.
+    purpùreum,            scarlet.
+
+  CRÀSSULA 231.
+
+  CRÒCUS 275,             saffron.
+    satìvus,              garden.
+    Pallàsii,             Pallas'.
+    serotìnus,            late-flowered.
+    nudiflòrus,           naked-flowered.
+
+  CÓLCHICUM 275.
+
+  CÁLLA 289.
+    12 Æthiòpica,         Ethiopian-lily.
+
+  CORONÍLLA 83.
+    12 glaúca,            glaucous.
+    valentìna,            nine-leaved.
+    _stipulàris_.
+    viminális,            slender.
+
+  CORRÈA 84.
+    5 álba,               white-flowered.
+    rúfa,                 rusty-leaved.
+    pulchélla,            pretty.
+    speciósa,             showy.
+    virèns,               green-flowered.
+
+  CRAT`ÆGUS 84.
+
+  CUPRÈSSUS 85,           Cypress.
+    6 lusitánica,         cedar of Goa.
+    péndula,              pendulous.
+    juniperoídes,         African.
+
+  CALÁMPELIS 85.
+    11 scábra,            climbing.
+    _Eccremocárpus scáber_.
+
+  CELÁSTRIS 85.           Staff-tree.
+    4 pyracánthus,        red-fruited.
+    cymósus,              cyme-flowered.
+    multiflòrus,          many-flowered.
+    lúcidus,              shining.
+
+  COÒKIA 85.              Wampee-tree.
+    11 punctàta,          punctate.
+
+  CALLISTÀCHYS 85.
+    6 lanceoláta,         lanceolated.
+    ovàta,                oval-leaved.
+
+  CHARLWÒODIA 234.
+    11 strícta,           erect.
+
+  COFFÈA 227,             Coffee-tree.
+    17 Arábica,           Arabian.
+
+  CINNAMÓMUM 101.
+    15 camphòra,          camphire-tree.
+
+  CLERODÉNDRON 124.
+    12 fràgrans múltiplex, double.
+
+  CRINÙM 261, 232.
+    11 capénse,           cape.
+    _Amarýllis longifòlia_.
+    cruéntum,             red.
+    scábrum,              scabrous.
+    amàbile,              showy.
+
+  CYRTÀNTHUS 232.
+    11 odòrus,            scented.
+    striátus,             striped.
+    oblíquus,             oblique-leaved.
+    vittàtus,             ribanded.
+
+  CARÝOPHYLLUS 233.
+    9 aromáticus,         aromatic.
+
+  CALLÌSTEMON 107.
+    6 salígnum,           willow-leaved.
+    lanceolàtum,          lance-leaved.
+    semperflòrens,        ever-blooming
+    glaùcum,              glaucous.
+    _metrosidèros speciòsa_.
+
+  CÝCLAMEN 290, 297.
+    11 Coúm,              round-leaved.
+    Pérsicum,             Persian.
+    hederæfòlium,         ivy-leaved.
+    Europ'æum,            round-leaved.
+    Neapolitànum,         Neapolitan.
+
+  CENTRÀNTHUS 150.
+    Phù,                  garden.
+    _Valeriána Phù_.
+    rùbra,                red.
+    _Valeriána rùbra_.
+
+  DION'ÆA 36.
+    5 mucípula,           Venus-fly-trap.
+
+  DILLÈNIA 233.
+    7 speciòsa,           spacious.
+    scàndens,             climbing.
+
+  DRAC'ÆNA 233.           Dragon-tree.
+    11 férrea,            purple-leaved.
+    frágrans,             scented.
+    margináta,            margined.
+    dráco,                large
+
+  DÁPHNE 313, 258, 270.
+    15 odòra,             sweet-scented.
+    _índica_.
+    hýbrida,             daphine.
+    oleoídes,             olea-leaved.
+    laurèola,             spurg-laurel.
+    póntica,              pontic.
+    alpìna,               alpine.
+    cneòrum,              trailing.
+
+  DELPHÍNUM 138.          Larkspur.
+    grandiflòrum,         large-flowered.
+    intermèdium,          intermediate.
+    _var._ _var._
+    elàtum,               Bee-larkspur.
+    montànum,             tall-growing.
+
+  DIANTHUS 138.           Pink.
+    17 barbátus,          sweet-william.
+      " plèno,            double.
+    díscolor,             two-coloured.
+    chinènsis,            china.
+    alpínus,              alpine.
+    supérbus,             superb-red.
+    caryophýllus,         clove.
+    plumárius,            common.
+    frágrans,             sweet-scented.
+
+  DICTÁMNUS 139.
+    fraxinélla,           red.
+    àlbus,                white.
+
+  DODECÀTHEON 321.139.    American cow-slip.
+    mèdia,                purple.
+     " àlba,              white.
+
+  DIGITÀLIS 140.          Fox-glove.
+    leucoph`æa,           broad-lipped.
+    ferrugínea,           rusty-flowered.
+    ochroleùca,           large yellow.
+    purpuràscens,         blush-flowered.
+    _erubéscens_.
+    purpúrea,             purple.
+    " àlba,               white.
+
+  DAVÌESIA 86.
+    6 ulicìna,            furze-like.
+    latifòlia,            broad-leaved.
+    aciculáris,           needle-leaved.
+    incrassáta,           thick-leaved.
+
+  DIÓSMA 86.
+    6 capitàta,           crown-flowered.
+    oppositifòlia,        opposite-leaved.
+    longifòlia,           long-leaved.
+    rùbra,                heath-leaved.
+    _ericifòlia_.
+    treretifòlia,         round-leaved.
+
+  DRYÁNDRA 87.
+    6 nívea,              white-leaved.
+    formòsa,              apricot-scented.
+    floribúnda,           many-flowered.
+    armáta,               acute-leaved.
+    plumòsa,              feathered.
+    baxtèri,              Baxter's.
+    nervòsa,              nerve-leaved.
+    falcáta,              falcate-leaved.
+
+  DILLWÝNIA 87.
+    6 floribúnda,         close-flowered.
+    _ericifòlia_.
+    teretifòlia,          round-leaved.
+    phylicoídes,          phylica-like.
+
+  DAMPIÈRA 87.
+    6 purpùrea,           purple-flowered.
+    unduláta,             wave-leaved.
+    strícta,              upright.
+
+
+  EDWÁRDSIA 88.
+    6 grandiflòra,        large-flowered.
+    chrysophýlla,         silver-leaved.
+    microphýlla,          small-leaved.
+
+  ELICHRÝSUM 88.
+
+  ENKIÁNTHUS 88.
+    6 quinqueflòrus,      Canton.
+    reticulàtus,          netted-leaved.
+
+  EPÁCRIS 88.
+    5 grandiflòra,        large-flowered.
+    pulchélla,            sweet-scented.
+    impréssa,             unpressed.
+    palludòsa,            marsh.
+    purpuráscens _rúbra_. red.
+
+  ERÍCAS 89.              Heath.
+    6 mediterránea,       common.
+    5 aristáta,           awned.
+    bàccans,              arbutus-flowered.
+    bowieána,             Bowie's.
+    conférta,             crowded-flowered.
+    élegans,              elegant.
+    fasciculáris,         cluster-flowered.
+    florabùnda,           many-flowered.
+    glomeràta,            glomerate.
+    grandiflòra,          large-flowered.
+    inflàta,              inflated.
+    mammòsa,              nipple.
+    prégnans,             swelled.
+    pubéscens,            downy.
+    refúlgens,            refulgent.
+    regérminans           cluster-flowered.
+    rùbens,               red-flowered.
+    speciòsa,             specious.
+    spléndens,            splendid.
+    tenélla,              delicate.
+    triúmphans,           triumphant.
+    vestìta,              tremulous.
+    _var._ _var._
+    ventricòsa,           beautiful.
+    víscaria,             clammy-flowered.
+
+  ERÁNTHEMUM 234.
+    11 pulchéllum,        neat.
+    bícolor               two-coloured.
+
+  EUGÈNIA 234.
+    11 piménta,           Allspice.
+    _Mýrtus Piménta_.
+    frágrans,             scented.
+
+  EUPHÓRBIA. 234.         Spurg.
+    18 heterophýlla.?
+
+  ERYTHRÌNA 235. 330.     Coral-tree.
+    13 corallodéndrum,    smooth.
+    speciòsa,             splendid.
+    pubéscens,            downy.
+    herbácea,             herbaceous.
+    laurifòlia,           laurel-leaved
+    crísta-gàlli,         Cocks-comb.
+
+  ERIABÒTRYA 107.         loquat.
+    11 japónica,          Japan.
+
+  ENTÈLIA 119.
+    12 arboréscens,       tree.
+
+  ECHINOCÁCTUS 225.
+    18 gibbòsus,          gouty.
+    crispàtus,            curled-ribbed.
+    recúrvus,             recurve-spined.
+
+  EUPATÓRIUM 91. 140.
+    10 élegans,           scented.
+    c[oe]lestínum,        blue.
+    aromáticum,           aromatic.
+
+  EUTÁXIA 92.
+    6 myrtifòlia,         myrtle-leaved.
+    pùngens,              pungent.
+
+  EUCHÌLUS 92.
+    6 obcordáta.
+
+  ERÓDIUM 91,             Heron's-bill.
+    incarnàtum,           fleshy.
+    crassifòlium,         thick-leaved.
+    laciniátum,           laciniated.
+
+  EUCALÝPTUS 91.
+    6 cordàta,            Heart-leaved.
+    rostráta,             beaked.
+    radiáta,              rayed.
+    pulvigéra.
+    glóbifera,            round-fruited.
+    pulverulénta,         powdered.
+    resinífera,           red-gum-tree.
+
+  EURCÚMA 36.
+
+  EÙCOMIS  24.
+
+
+  FURCHR`ÆA. 39.
+
+  FÚNKIA 96, 141.
+    11 álba.
+    _Hemerocállis japónica_.
+    cærùlea.
+    _Hemerocállis cærùlea_.
+
+  FERRÀRIA 40.
+    11 undulàta,          curled.
+    antheròsa,            variegated.
+
+  FRITILLÀRIA 295.
+    imperiàlis,           Crown-imperial.
+    Pérsica,              Persian.
+
+  FÌCUS 236,              Fig-tree.
+    12 elástica,          gum-elastic.
+    brassiì,              brass.
+    religiòsa,            superstitious.
+    lùcida,               shining.
+    Bengalénsis,          Bengal.
+    nìtida,               glossy.
+    índica,               banyan-tree.
+    exasperàta,           very-rough.
+    costàta,              rib-leaved.
+
+  FÚCHSIA 92,             Ladies-ear-drop.
+    13 virgáta,           twiggy.
+    cònica,               conical-tubed.
+    coccínea,             scarlet.
+    microphýlla,          small-leaved.
+    arbórea,              tree.
+    gràcilis,             slender.
+    thymifòlia,           thyme-leaved.
+
+
+  GELSÈMIUM 93.           Carolina-jasmine.
+    5 nìtidum,            shining-leaved.
+
+  GNAPHÀLIUM 93.          (See _Astélma_.)
+
+  GOMPHOLÒBIUM 94.
+    5 barbigérum,         bearded-flowered.
+    polimórphum,          variable.
+
+  GEORGIÀNA 180.
+    _Dáhlia supérflua_.
+    dwarf-globe,          crimson.
+    pulla.
+    Electa,               scarlet.
+    flamæa,               flame.
+    Zeno.
+    Etna,                 scarlet.
+    imperiosa.
+    Cicero.
+    cocade.
+    Cambridge-surprise.
+    Duchess-of-Wellington, pink.
+    Countess-of-Liverpool.
+    Barret's-Wm.-4th, scarlet.
+    mountain-of-snow, _true_.
+    Diana,                lilac.
+    crimson-bonnet,       glob.
+    eximia,               scarlet.
+    star-of-Brunswick,    pink.
+    Lafayette,            orange.
+    morning-star,         red.
+    Romulus,              scarlet.
+    Florabunda,           crimson.
+    speciosissima,        purple.
+    Veitches-triumphant,  purple.
+    coronation,           maroon.
+    Stephenia,            bloody.
+    feathered,            light crimson, _glob_.
+    dwarf,                crimson, _fine glob_.
+    striated buff,        _anemone-flowered_.
+    large-pink,                     "
+      "   rose,                     "
+    spectabile,                     "
+    painted-lady,                   "
+    early-blood,                    "
+
+  GLÓBBA 36.
+
+  GESNÉRIA 36.
+    10 bulbósa,           bulbous.
+
+  GLORIÓSA 37.
+    10 supérba,           superb.
+
+  GASTÈRIA 259.
+
+  GEÙM 141.
+    quéllyon,             scarlet.
+    _coccíneum_.
+    hýbridum,             hybrid.
+    urbánum,              common.
+
+  GENTIÁNA 140.
+    lútea,                yellow.
+    purpúrea,             purple.
+    septémfida,           crested.
+    acaúlis,              dwarf.
+
+  GÆRTNÈRA 237.
+    12 racemòsa,          climbing.
+
+  GEISSOMÉRIA 237.
+    2 longiflòra,         long-flowered.
+
+  GARDÈNIA 237, 262.
+    9 campanuláta,        bell-flowered.
+    am`æna,               neat.
+    costàta,              ribbed.
+    lúcida,               shining.
+    flòrida-pléno,        Cape-jasmine.
+    ràdicans,             dwarf.
+    longifòlia,           long-leaved.
+    latifòlia,            broad-leaved.
+    Rothmònnia,           spotted.
+    Thunbérgia,           Thunberg's.
+
+  GLADIÒLUS 303.          Corn-flag.
+    11 floribùndus,       many-flowered.
+    cardinàlis,           cardinal.
+    Byzantínus,           Turkish.
+    blándus,              fairest.
+    cuspidàtus,           sharp-pointed.
+    psittàcinus,          parrot.
+
+  GOMPHOLÒBIUM 94.
+    latifòlium,           broad-leaved.
+    grandiflòrum,         large-flowered.
+    venústum,             showy.
+
+  GENÍSTA 94.
+    1 Canariénsis,        Canary.
+    tricuspidáta,         three-pointed,
+    cuspidòsa,            sharp-pointed.
+    umbellàta,            umbelled.
+
+  GNÍDIA 94.
+    6 símplex,            flax-leaved.
+    serícea,              silky.
+    imbérbis,             smooth-scaled.
+    pinifòlia,            pine-leaved.
+
+  GOODÈNIA 94.
+    6 stellígera,         starry-haired.
+    suavèolens,           sweet-scented.
+    ovàta,                oval-leaved.
+    grandiflòra,          large-flowered.
+
+  GORTERIA 94.
+    6 personàta.
+
+  GAZÀNIA 94.
+    6 rìgens,             great.
+    Pavònia,              peacock.
+    heterophýlla,         various-leaved.
+
+  GREVÌLLEA 95.
+    6 punícea,            scarlet.
+    acanthifòlia,         acanthus-like.
+    coccínea,             pretty.
+    juniperìna,           juniper-like.
+    lineàris,             linear-leaved.
+
+
+  HÀKEA 95.
+    6 gibbòsa             gibbous-fruited.
+    nítida,               glossy.
+    salígna,              willow-leaved.
+    suavèolens,           sweet-scented.
+    conculàta,            conculate.
+    Lambérti,             Lambert's.
+
+  HEMEROCÁLLIS, 96.       Day-lily.
+    11 speciòsa,          spacious.
+
+  HERMÁNNIA 96.
+
+  HELICHRÝSUM 93.         Everlasting.
+    8 grandiflòrum,       large-flowered.
+    arbòreum,             árborescent.
+    orientàle,            common.
+    fràgrans,             sweet-scented.
+    odoratìssimum,        odoriferous.
+    fruticàns,            shrubby.
+    fúlgidum,             splendid.
+
+  HIBBÉRTIA 96.
+    12 grossulariæfòlia,  gooseberry-leaved.
+    dentàta,              toothed.
+    volùbilis,            twining.
+    fasciculàta,          bushy.
+    salígna,              willow-leaved.
+    pedunculàta,          long-pedicled.
+
+  HABRÁNTHUS 96.
+    2 Andersónii,         Anderson's.
+    versícolor,           three-coloured.
+    robústa,              robust.
+
+  HÒVEA 97.
+    6 lineàris            linear-leaved.
+    rosmarinifòlia,       rosmary-leaved.
+    longifòlia,           long-leaved.
+    Célsii,               Cels's.
+
+  HYDRÁNGEA, 97. 172.
+    14 horténsis,         variable.
+    hypéricum,            St. John's-wort.
+    10 monógynum,         three-styled.
+    baleàricum,           warted.
+    floribúndum,          many-flowered.
+    canariénse,           canaries.
+    ægyptìacum,           Egyptian.
+    cochinchinénse,       cochinchina.
+
+  HIBÍSCUS 238. 141. 27. 45.
+    9 Ròsa sinénsis plénus,  double red.
+       "     "      cárnea,    "    salmon.
+       "     "  variegàtus,    "    striped.
+       "     "       lútea,    "    yellow.
+    palústris,            marsh.
+    ròseus,               rose-coloured.
+    militàris,            smooth.
+    speciòsus,            showy crimson.
+    grandiflòrus,         large flowered.
+    púngens,              pungent.
+    Syrìacus,             Althea.
+      var. var.
+    mutábilis plènus,     double-changeable.
+    lilliiflòrus,         various.
+
+  HEDÝCHIUM 36.
+
+  HEMEROCÁLLIS 141.       Day lily.
+    fúlva,                copper-coloured.
+    gramínea,             grass-leaved.
+
+  HÉDERA 198.
+    Hèlix,                Irish-ivy.
+
+  HERITÉRIA 238.          Looking-glass-plant.
+    11 littoràlis,        large-leaved.
+
+  HOWÁRTHIA 260.
+
+  HÓYA 239.               wax-plant.
+    carnòsa,              common.
+    crassifòlia,          thick-leaved.
+
+  HERRNÁNDIA 239.         Jack-in-a-box.
+    Sonòra,               peltate-leaved.
+
+
+  ÌXORA 240.
+    5 obovàta,            purple.
+    _purpùrea_.
+    crocàta,              saffron-coloured.
+    ròsea,                rose-coloured.
+    bandhùca,             stem-clasping.
+    blànda,               charming.
+    undulàta,             waved.
+    dichotíma.
+    coccínea,             scarlet.
+    _grandiflòra_, _strícta_, _flámmea_, _speciòsa_.
+    fúlgens,              glossy.
+    _longifòlia_, _lanceolàta_.
+    pavètta,              scented.
+
+  ÍRIS, 142, 320.         Flower-de-luce.
+    subiflòra,            sub-flowered.
+    nepalénsis,           Nepaul.
+    Pallàsii,             Pallas'.
+    pállida,              pale.
+    cristáta,             crested.
+    arenària,             sand.
+    furcàta,              forked.
+    germánica,            German.
+    florentìna,           florentine.
+    vérna,                spring.
+    susiàna,              chalcedonian.
+    lusitánica,           Portuguese.
+      _var._ _var._
+    Hiphioídes,           great bulbous.
+    Pérsica,              Persian.
+
+  ÍXIA, 203.
+    11 monadélphia,       monadelphus.
+    leucántha,            white flowered.
+    capitàta,             headed.
+    cònica,               orange-coloured.
+    colamelàris,          variegated.
+
+  IPOMAÈA 240.
+    9 paniculáta,         panicle-flowered.
+
+  ÌLEX 98.                Holly.
+    15 aquifòlium,        European.
+      var. var.
+    cassìne,              cassine-like.
+    vomitòria,            south-sea tea.
+
+  ILLÍCIUM 99.            Anniseed-tree.
+    floridànum,           purple-flowered.
+    parviflòrum,          small-flowered.
+    anisàtum,             anise-scented.
+
+  INDIGÓFERA 99.          Indigo-tree.
+    denudàta,             smooth-leaved.
+    am'æna,               pretty.
+    austrális,            round-stemmed.
+    angulàta,             angular-stemed.
+    cándicans,            white-leaved.
+    filifòlia,            filiform-leaved.
+
+  ISOPÒGON 99.
+    9 formòsus,           handsome.
+    anemonefòlious,       anemone-leaved.
+    attenuàtis,           attenuated.
+    polycéphalus,         many-headed.
+    jálapa,               Jalap.
+    grandiflòra,          large-flowered.
+    pulchélla,            pretty.
+    tuberòsa,             tuberous.
+
+  JUSTÍCIA 99. 243.
+    nìgricans,            spotted.
+    orchioídes,           orchis-like.
+    adhàtoda,             Malabar-nut.
+    coccínea,             scarlet.
+    pícta,                painted.
+    lúcida,               shining.
+    form`osa,             handsome.
+    speciòsa,             showy.
+
+  JACKSÒNIA 100.
+    6 scopària,           broom-like.
+    hórrida,              horrid.
+    reticulàta,           netted.
+
+  JUNÍPERUS 210.          Juniper.
+    virginiàna,           red-cedar.
+
+  JÁTROPHA 242.           Physic-nut.
+    17 multífida,         multifid.
+    panduræfòlia,         fiddle-leaved.
+    cúrcas,               angular-leaved.
+
+  JACARÁNDA 241.
+    9 mimosifòlia,        mimosa-leaved.
+    filìcifòlia,          fern-leaved.
+
+  JAMBÒSA 241.            Rose-apple.
+    11 vúlgáris,          common.
+    malacénsis,           Malay-apple.
+    purpuráscens,         purple-flowered.
+    macrophýlla,          large-leaved.
+    amplexicaùlis,        stem-clasping.
+
+  JASMÌNUM 242.           Jasmine.
+    3 sámbac,             Arabian.
+       " multiplex,       semi-double.
+       " trifoliàtum,     double-Tuscan.
+    hirsútum,             hairy-stemmed.
+    paniculàtum,          panicled.
+    simplicifòlium,       simple-leaved.
+    _lucídium_?           shining.
+    odoratíssimum 3,      Azorian.
+    revolùtum             revolute-leaved.
+    grandiflòrum,         Catalonian.
+    officinàle,           common.
+
+
+  KALOSANTHUS 231,
+    18 coccínea,          scarlet.
+    _Crassùla coccínea_.
+    versícolor,           changeable.
+    _Crassùla versícolor_.
+    odoratíssima,         sweet-scented.
+
+  KÆMPFÈRIA 243, 36.
+    17 rotúnda,           round-rooted.
+
+  KENNÈDIA 100.
+    5 monophýlla,         simple-leaved.
+    rubicúnda,            dingy-flowered.
+    prostráta,            trailing.
+    _Glýcine coccínea_.
+    coccínea,             many-flowered.
+    comptoniána,          comptonian.
+    inophýlla,            few-leaved.
+
+  LAGERSTR`ÆMIA 129. 172.
+    índica,               crape-flower.
+
+  LAMBÉRTIA 100.
+    6 formòsa,            handsome.
+    echinàta,             lobe-leaved.
+    uniflòra,             one-flowered.
+    inérmis,              unarmed.
+
+  LASIOPÈTALUM 100.
+
+  LAVÁNDULA 101.          Lavender.
+    7 dentáta,            toothed.
+    formòsa,              handsome.
+    pinnàta,              pinnated.
+
+  LAÚRUS 101. 244.        Laurel.
+    15 f`ætens,           til.
+    aggregàta,            clustered.
+    glaùca,               glaucous.
+    scàbra,               rough.
+    vérum,                true.
+    cássia,               false.
+    chloróxylon,          cogwood.
+
+  LANTÀNA 244.
+
+  LANTÀNIA 244.           Dwarf-palm.
+    12 borbònica,         borbon.
+    rùbra,                red.
+    glaucophýlla,         glaucous.
+
+  LÌATRIS 142.            Gay-feather.
+    squarròsa,            squarrose.
+    élegans,              elegant.
+    paniculáta,           paniculate.
+    spicáta.
+    _macróstachya_,  large-spiked.
+
+  LÝCHNIS, 143. 104.
+    9 chalcedònica,       chalcedonian.
+    fúlgens,              fulgent.
+    flós-jòvis,           umbelled.
+    _Agrostéma flós-jòvis_.
+    coronáta,             crowned.
+
+  LÝTHRUM 143.
+    alàtum,               erect-growing.
+    virgàtum,             twiggy.
+    diffùsum,             diffuse.
+    lanceolàtum,          lance-leaved.
+
+  LOMÀTIA 103.            (See errata.)
+    6 silaifòlia,         cut-leaved.
+    dentàta,              toothed.
+    ilicifòlia,           holly-leaved.
+
+  LACHENÀLIA 291.
+    11 trícolor,          three-coloured.
+    quadrícolor,          four-coloured.
+    rùbida,               dotted-flowered.
+    punctàta,             spotted-flowered.
+    orchoídes,            orchis-like.
+    nervòsa,              nerved-leaved.
+
+  LILÌUM 32. 35. 306.
+    11 màrtagon,          red.
+    tygrìnum,             spotted.
+    chalcedònicum,        Chalcedonian.
+    speciòsum?            showy.
+    longiflòrum?
+    japónicum.            Japan.
+
+  LOBÈLIA 102.
+    6 tùpa,               mullein-leaved.
+    speciòsa,             specious.
+    spléndens,            splendid.
+    fúlgens,              fulgent.
+    cærùlea,              blue.
+    Thunbérgii,           Thurberg's.
+    corymbòsa,            corymbose.
+    pyramidàlis           pyramidal.
+    ilicifòlia,           holly-leaved.
+
+  LOPHOSPHÉRMUM 103.
+    12 scándens           climbing.
+
+  LACHN`ÆA 103.
+    1 glaùca,             glaucous.
+    conglomeràta,         clustered.
+    eriocéphala,          wooly-headed.
+
+  LEONÒTIS,               Lion's-ear.
+    7 intermédia,         intermediate.
+
+  LEONÙRUS,               narrow-leaved.
+
+  LEUCOSPÉRMUM 103.
+    9 formòsum,           handsome.
+    grandiflòrum,         tomentose.
+    cándicans,            hoary.
+
+  LIPÀRIA 104.
+    sphæ'rica,            crowned.
+    tomentòsa,            downy.
+    villósa,              hairy.
+    serícea,              silky.
+
+  LYSINÈMA 104.
+    5 pentapétalum,       five-petaled.
+    conspícum,            conspicuous.
+    róseum,               rose-coloured.
+
+  LÝCHNIS 104.
+    9 coronàta,           crowned.
+
+  LEPTOSPÉRMUM 104.       South-Sea-Myrtle.
+    6 baccàtum,           berry-fruited.
+    péndulum,             pendulous.
+    juníperinum,          juniper-leaved.
+    ovátum,               ovate-leaved.
+    stellàtum,            starry-flowered.
+    grandiflórum,         large-flowered.
+    scopàrium,            New-Zealand-tea.
+
+  LEUCADÉNDRON 105.       Silver-Tree.
+    9 argentéum,          silvery.
+    _Pròtea argentéa_.
+    squarròsum,           squarrose.
+    stellàtum,            starry
+    _Pròtea stellàris_.
+    tórtum,               twisted.
+    seríceum,             silky.
+    marginàtum,           margined.
+    plumòsum,             feathered.
+    _Pròtea parviflòra_.
+
+
+  MAGNÓLIA 105.
+    9 fuscàta,            rusty.
+    annonæfòlia,          annonæ-leaved.
+    pùmila,               dwarf.
+    conspícua,            youlan.
+    purpùrea,             purple.
+
+  MELALÈUCA 106.
+    6 elíptica,           eliptic.
+    fúlgens,              fulgent.
+    decussàta,            cross-leaved.
+    hypericifòlia,        hypericum-leaved.
+    squarròsa,            square-set.
+    linarifòlia,          linear-leaved.
+    incàna, hoary.
+    telragònia,           four-sided.
+    thymifòlia,           thyme-leaved.
+
+  MAURÁNDIA 106.
+    6 Barclàyana,         Barclay's.
+    semperflòrens,        ever-blooming.
+
+  MÝSINE 106,             Cape-Myrtle.
+    4 retùsa,             erect.
+    rotundifòlia,         round-leaved.
+
+  MÉSPILUS 107.           Medlar.
+
+  METROSIDÈROS.
+    6 flòrida,            many-flowered.
+    umbellàta,            umbel-flowered.
+    angustifòlia,         narrow-leaved.
+    lanceolàta,           lance-leaved.
+
+  MÁNIHOT 243.
+    17 cannabìna,         cassada root.
+
+  MESEMBRÝANTHEMUM 263. 271.
+    18 sp. sp.
+
+  MÝRTUS 108.             Myrtle.
+    12 commùnis,          common
+    múltiplex,            double.
+    leucocàrpa,           white-fruited.
+    itálica variegàta,    variegated.
+    maculàta,             blotch-leaved.
+    tomentòsa,            downy.
+    tenuifòlia,           slender-leaved.
+
+  MIMÙLUS 143.            Monkey-flower.
+    lùteus,               yellow.
+    rivulàris,            dark-spotted.
+    moschàtus,            musk-scented.
+
+  MONÁRDA 143.
+    dídyma,               Oswego-tea.
+    kalmiána,             pubescent-flowered.
+    Russeliàna,           Russells'.
+    punctàta,             spotted.
+
+  MATHÍOLA 144.           Stock-gilly.
+    simplicicáulis,       Brompton-stock.
+    _var._ _var._
+    incàna,               queen-stock.
+    _var._ var._
+    ánnua,                annual.
+    _var._ _var._
+    glàbra,               wall-leaved.
+
+  MAMILLÀRIA 224.
+    18 coccínea,          scarlet-flowered.
+    símplex,              small-red-spined.
+    pusílla,              starry.
+    cònica,               cone-headed.
+
+  MELOCÁCTUS 225.
+    18 commùnis,          Turk's-cape.
+    macránthus,           large-spined.
+    pyramidàlis,          pyramidale.
+
+  MELÀSTOMA 245,
+    1 Malabáthrica,       Malabar.
+    sanguìnea,            bloody.
+    decémfida,            ten-cleft.
+    pulverulénta,         powdered.
+    áspera,               rough.
+    nepalénsis,           Nepaul.
+
+  MALPÍGHIA 246.          Barbadoes-cherry.
+    17 ùrens,             stinging,
+    aquifòlium,           holly-leaved.
+    fucáta,               painted.
+    glábra,               smooth.
+
+  MÁRICA 246.
+    12 _cærùlea_,         _blue_.
+    Sabìni,               Sabin's.
+    northiána,            spotted.
+
+  MÙSA, 247,              Plantain-tree.
+    15 paradisìaca,       common.
+    sapiéntum,            banana-tree.
+    rosàcea,              rose-coloured.
+    coccínea,             scarlet-coloured.
+    chinénsis,            Chinese.
+
+  MANGÍFERA 245,          Mango-tree.
+    11 índica,            common.
+    oppositifòlia?        opposite-leaved.
+
+
+  NANDÌNA 108,            Nandin.
+    1 doméstica,          common.
+
+  NINTÒOA.
+    longiflòra,           long-flowered.
+    _Lonicéra-japónica_.
+
+  NÉRIUM 108,             Oleander.
+    12 oleánder,          common.
+    " spléndens,          double-rose.
+    " elegantìssimum,     variegated.
+    " álba,               white.
+    "  "  pleno?          double-white.
+
+
+  [OE]NOTHÈRA 144,        Evening-primrose.
+    macrocárpa,           broad-leaved.
+    média,                intermediate.
+    latiflòra,            broad-flowered.
+    Frazèri,              Frazer's.
+    speciòsa,             handsome.
+    pállida,              pale.
+    odoràta,              sweet-scented.
+
+  ÒLEA 109,               Olive-tree.
+    11 europæa,           common.
+    " longifòlia,         long-leaved.
+    " latifòlia,          broad-leaved.
+    capènsis,             Cape.
+    verrucòsa,            warted.
+    fràgrans,             scented.
+    paniculàta,           panicled.
+
+  OXYLÒBIUM 110.
+    obtusifòlium,         blunt-leaved.
+    retùsum,              retuse-leaved.
+    ellípticum,           elliptic-leaved.
+
+  ÓXALIS.
+    11 rubèlla,           red.
+    marginàta,            margined.
+    elongàta,             striped-flowered.
+    am'æna,               neat.
+
+  OSS'ÆA 246.
+    1 purpuráscens,       purple.
+    _Melàstoma-purpùrea_.
+
+  ORNITHÓGALUM 292.       Star-of-Bethlehem.
+    11 lactéum,           white.
+    aùreum,               golden.
+    marítimum,            squill.
+
+  OPÚNTIA 227.
+    18 cochinillìfera,    cochineal-fig.
+    fìcus-índica,         Indian-fig.
+
+
+  PELARGÒNIUM 110, 273, Stork's-bill.
+    _Gerànium_.
+    12 álbum.
+    macrànthum.
+    grandiflòrum.
+    Navarino.
+    Longstrethium.
+    Jacksonium.
+    Lucretia.
+    Leopold.
+    Lafayette.
+    triumphans.
+    Jeffersoniaum.
+    Franklinium.
+    Queen-Adelaide.
+    Simsium.
+    obovatum.
+    Pepperium.
+    Philadelphicum.
+    foliosum.
+    Dutchess-of-Gloucester.
+    verecundum.
+    Lady Clifford.
+    Delaware.
+    marianum.
+    urbanum.
+    dissimilum.
+    Royal-George.
+    Washington.
+    Scotiaum.
+    banburyensis.
+    florabundum.
+    19 pavoninum.
+    Waterloo.
+    ignescens.
+    Lord-Yarborough.
+    decorum.
+    Sherwoodium.
+    doubreyanum.
+    Effi-Deans.
+    Lord-Byron.
+    Glorianum.
+    Chandler's-grand-purple.
+    Princess-Augusta, _new_.
+    Lord-Brougham.
+    Websterium.
+    ardescens.
+    Russellianum.
+    succulentum.
+    Rob-Roy.
+    Davyanam.
+
+  [The above begin with the lightest,
+  and end with the darkest colours]
+    _The following are various fancy sorts_.
+    Lemon-scented.
+    apple-scented.
+    rose-scented.
+    peppermint-scented.
+    oak-leaved.
+    ardens.
+    bicolor.
+    tristum.
+    pulchellum.
+    nutmeg-scented.
+
+  PHÓRMIUM 112,           New-Zealand.
+    7 tenàx,              flax.
+
+  PHÝLICA 113.
+    5 horizontàlis,       spreading.
+    _plumòsa_.
+    squarròsa,            squarrose.
+    imbricàta,            imbricated.
+    myrtifòlia,           myrtle-leaved.
+    callòsa,              callous-leaved.
+    bícolor,              two-coloured.
+    ericoídes,            heath-like.
+
+  PIMÈLEA 113.
+    5 decussàta,          cross-leaved.
+    ròsea,                rose-coloured.
+    linifòlia,            flax-leaved.
+    spicàta,              spike-flowered.
+    drupàcea,             berry-bearing.
+
+  PITTOSPÓRUM 113.
+    13 tobìra,            Chinese.
+    undulàta,             wave-leaved.
+    coriàceum,            leather-leaved.
+    revolùtum,            revolute.
+    fúlvum,               yellow.
+    ferrugíneum,          rusty.
+
+  PHR'YNIUM 36.
+
+  PACHIDÉNDRON 259.
+
+  PÌNUS 210.
+    Canadénsis,           hemlock-spruce.
+
+  PERIPLÓCA 198.          Silk-vine.
+    gr'æca,               Virginian.
+
+  PHÆNÀCOMA 88.
+    5 prolífera,          many-headed.
+
+  PHOTÍNIA 84.
+    10 serrulàta,         serrulate.
+    arbutifòlia,          arbutus-leaved.
+
+  PÉRSEA 244.             Alligator-pear.
+    11 gratíssima,        common.
+    _Laúrus-pérsea_.
+
+  PUNÍCA 172,             Pomegranate.
+
+  PULSATÍLLA 134,         Pasque-flower.
+    vernàlis,             spring.
+
+  PERÍSKIA 228,           Barbadoes-gooseberry.
+    18 aculeàta,          prickly.
+
+  PÝRUS 320.
+    japònica,             red.
+    "  álba,              white.
+
+  PÓÆNIA 321, 315, 151.
+    èdulis-whitlìjii,     white.
+    "  fràgrans,          scented.
+    "  hùmea,             crimson.
+    chinènsis-álba,       double-white?
+    paradòxa-fimbriàta,   fringed.
+    officinàlis-rúbra,    common.
+    15 moután,            tree.
+    "  bànksii,           common.
+    "  papaverácea,       white.
+    "  rosèa,             rose-coloured.
+
+  POTENTÍLLA 147.
+    nepalénsis,           Nepaul.
+    _formòsa_.
+    atropurpùrea,         dark-purple.
+    Russelliàna,          Russell's.
+    Hopwoodiàna,          Hopwood's.
+    spléndens,            splendid.
+
+  PLATYLÒBIUM 113,        Flat-pea.
+    5 formòsum,           handsome.
+    ovàtum,               ovate-leaved.
+    triangulàre,          triangular-stock.
+
+  PISTÀCIA 113.
+    2 terebínthus,        turpentine-tree.
+    lentíscus,            mastic-tree.
+    vèra,                 true.
+    reticulàta,           netted-leaved.
+
+  PLUMBÀGO 114,           Lead-wort.
+    trístis,              red-leaved.
+    Capénsis,             Cape.
+
+  PSORÀLEA 114.
+    6 odoratíssima,       sweet-scented.
+    spicàta,              spike-flowered.
+    aculeàta,             prickly.
+    argéntea,             silvery.
+    tomentòsa,            downy.
+
+  PODALÝRIA 114.
+    serícea,              silky.
+    styracifòlia,         storax-leaved.
+    corúscans,            glittering.
+    argéntea,             silvery.
+    laparioídes,          liparia-like.
+    subiflòra,            netted-leaved.
+
+  PERSOÓNIA 114.
+    6 hirsùta,            hairy-leaved.
+    móllis,               soft-leaved.
+    teretifòlia,          round-leaved.
+    lùcida,               shining-leaved.
+
+  PRÓTEA 115.
+    9 cynaroídes,         artichoke-flowered.
+    speciòsa,             splendid.
+    "  rùbra,             red.
+    umbonàlis,            embossed.
+    _longifòlia_.
+    melaleùca,            black-fringed.
+    grandiflòra,          large-flowered.
+    coccínea,             scarlet-flowered.
+    cenocárpa.
+    pállens.
+    formòsa,              handsome.
+    magnífica,            magnificent.
+    mellífera,            honey-bearing,
+
+  PULTEN'ÆA 115.
+    5 villòsa,            villous.
+    obcordàta,            heart-leaved.
+    argéntea,             silvery-leaved.
+    plumòsa,              feathered.
+    fléxilis,             fragrant.
+    cándida,              white-leaved.
+    strìcta,              erect-growing.
+
+  PHLÓX 145.
+    paniculàta,           panicled.
+    acuminàta,            cross-leaved.
+    intermèdia,           intermediate.
+    odoràta,              odoriferous.
+    pyramidàlis,          pyramid-flowered.
+    " álba,               white.
+    suavèolens,           sweet-scented.
+    refléxa,              reflex-leaved.
+    stolonífera,          creeping.
+    pilòsa,               hairy.
+    divaricáta,           early-flowering.
+    nivàlis,              snowy-white.
+    subulàta,             awl-leaved.
+
+  PRÍMULA 146, 314,       Primrose.
+    vulgàris,             English-primrose.
+    elàtior,              ox-lip.
+    _var._ _var._         polyanthus.
+    aurícula,             auricula.
+    _var._ _var._
+    cortusoídes,          cortuso-like.
+    dentiflòra,           jagged-flowered.
+    suavèolens,           sweet-scented.
+    decòra,               pretty.
+    scótica,              Scotch.
+    farinòsa,             bird's-eye.
+    vèris,                cowslip.
+    2 sinènsis,           China.
+    " alba,               white.
+    dentiflòra,           ragged.
+
+  PANCRÀTIUM 248.
+    11 maritímum,         sea-daffodil.
+    verecúndum,           narcissus-leavad.
+    littoràlis,           sea-side.
+    speciòsum,            showy.
+    carib'æum,            Caribbean.
+
+  POLYSPÒRA 248.
+    axillàris,            axil-flowered.
+  _Caméllia axillàris_.
+
+  PASSIFLÒRA 248,         Passion-flower.
+    13 alàta,             winged-stalked.
+    racemòsa,             racemose.
+    cærulea "             blue
+    quadrangulàris,       square-stalked.
+    filamentòsa,          thready.
+    picturàta,            pictured.
+
+  PANDÀNUS 249,           Screw-Pine.
+    13 odoratíssimus,     scented.
+    utilis?               red-spined.
+
+  PTEROSPÉRMUM 250.
+    13 suberifòlium,      various-leaved.
+    semisagittàtum,       half-sagittate.
+
+  PLUMÉRIA 250.
+    11 acuminàta,         acuminate.
+    trícolor,             three-coloured.
+    rùbra,                red-coloured.
+
+  PH'[OE]NIX 250,         Date-Palm.
+    12 dactylìfera,       common.
+    paludòsa,             marsh.
+
+
+  RÉSEDA 297,             Mignonette.
+    11 odoràta,           scented.
+
+  RÒCHEA 231.
+    18 falcàta.           sickle-leaved.
+    _Crussùla fulcáta_.
+
+  RHÚS 45.
+
+  ROBÍNIA 45.
+
+  ROSCÒEA 251.
+    purpùrea,             purple.
+    spicàta,              spike-flowered.
+    capitàta,             crown-flowered.
+
+  RUÉLLIA 251.
+    10 formòsa,           handsome.
+    fulgída,              shining.
+    anisophýlla,          unequal-leaved.
+    _persicifòlia_.
+    persicifòlia.         peach-leaved.
+
+  RHÁPIS 251.
+    11 flabellifòrmis,    creeping-rooted.
+
+  RHODODÉNDRON 115,       Rose-tree.
+    16 arbòreum,          tree.
+    " álbum,              white-flowered.
+    " supérbum,           superb.
+    " purpùreum,          purple-flowered.
+    " álte-clárance,      large.
+    campanulàtum,         bell-flowered.
+    anthopògon,           bearded-flowered.
+    cinnamòmeum,          cinnamon-coloured.
+
+  ROÉLLA 116.
+    5 cilliáta,           cilliate.
+    spícàta,              spiked-flowered.
+    pedunculàta,          peduncled.
+
+  RIPHIODÉNDRON 260.
+
+  RÙBUS 325.
+    3 rosæfòlius,         Bramble-rose,
+
+  RÒSA 172,               China-Rose,
+    12 índica.
+    " mínor.
+    animated.
+    Bengal elongata.
+    Belle-Chinese.
+    La-tendere-japonica.
+    belle-vibert.
+    odorata,              tea-scented.
+    " alba,               white-tea.
+    Florence,             scarlet-tea.
+    Bengal,               yellow-tea.
+    Venella.
+    Belle-de-monza.
+    amaranthe.
+    Clintonia.
+    semperflòrens-plèno.
+    Otaheite.
+    sanguinea-purpurea.
+    Grandvil.
+    Indica-alba,          white-China.
+    magnifier.
+    Florabunda-multiplex.
+    Flamæa.
+    Hibbertia.
+    Jacksonia.
+    Adamsonia.
+    Websteria.
+    gigantea.
+    Washington.
+    calyxifòlia.
+    Montezuma.
+    Hortensia.
+
+  ROSA 156, common Moss, Garden-rose.
+    blush                    "
+    crimson                  "
+    white                    "
+    scarlet                  "
+    Clinton                  "
+    Damask                   "
+    mottled                  "
+    sweet-briar              "
+    de-Meaux                 "
+    Lee's-crimson-perpetual.
+    unique, or white-Provence.
+    tricolor.
+    spinosíssima,         Scotch.
+    gàllica,              officinale.
+    centifòlia,           Provins.
+    Damacène,             damask.
+    álba,                 white.
+    rubiginósa,           sweet-briar.
+    white-monthly,
+    red      "
+    striped  "
+    Black-Tuscany.
+    Sponge's-provins.
+    favourite-mignone.
+    champion.
+    fair-maid.
+    rouge-superb.
+    red-and-violet.
+    Pomonia.
+    black-fringe.
+    royal-provins.
+    royal-virgin.
+    royal-bouquet.
+    Great-Mogul.
+    striped-nosegay.
+    paragon.
+    ornament-de-parade.
+    York-and-Lancaster.
+    mundii.
+    Flanders.
+    delicious.
+
+  ROSA 189, Climbing.
+    Champneyàna,          pink-cluster.
+    blush-noisettia.
+    red-noisettia,        scarlet-cluster.
+    white-cluster or musk.
+    superb   "        "
+    aralie-noisettia.
+      "    purple.
+    Bourbon.
+    Boursault.
+    Lisle.
+    microphýlla.
+    Franklin,             cluster-tea.
+    Banksiæ,              white.
+       "                  yellow.
+    multiflòra,
+       "                  white.
+       "                  scarlet.
+       "                  purple.
+    Grevíllii,            many-coloured.
+    arvensis multiplex.
+    sempervírens pléno.
+    bracteàta plèno,      Macartney.
+
+
+  SÀGUS 252,              Sago-Palm.
+    11 vinìfera,          prickly-leaved.
+    Rumphii,              Rumphius'.
+
+  SOLÁNDRA 252.
+    7 grandiflòra,        large-flowered.
+    viridiflòra,          green-flowered.
+
+  STROPHÁNTHUS.
+    divérgens,            spreading.
+    dichótomus,           forked.
+
+  SWIETÉNIA 253,          Mahogany-tree.
+    15 mahógoni,          common.
+    febrifùga,            febrifuge.
+
+  SÁLVIA 117.
+    12 spléndens,         splendid.
+    cærúlea,              blue-flowered.
+    coccínea,             scarlet-flowered.
+    aùrea,                yellow-leaved.
+    paniculàta,           panicle-flowered.
+    índica,               Indian.
+    élegans,              elegant.
+
+  SENÈCIO 117.            ground-sel.
+    12 grandiflòrus,      large-flowered.
+    venústus,             wing-leaved.
+    cineràscens,          gray.
+    élegans plèno,        elegant.
+
+  SCHÓTIA 118.
+    1 speciòsa,           spacious.
+    aláta,                wing-leaved.
+    latifòlia,            broad-leaved.
+    _Omphalòbium schótia_.
+    tamarindifòlia,       Tamirand-leaved.
+
+  SWAISÒNA 118.
+    1 galegifòlia,        red-flowered.
+    coronillæfòlia,       purple-flowered.
+    astragalifòlia,       white-flowered.
+
+  SCÒTTIA 118.
+    6 dentáta,            toothed.
+    angustifòlia,         narrow-leaved.
+    trapezifòrmus,        trapeziforum.
+
+  SPARRMÁNNIA 119.
+    12 africàna,          African.
+
+  SPHÆROLÒBIUM.
+    6 vimíneum,           yellow-flowered.
+    médium,               red-flowered.
+
+  SPRENGÉLIA 119.
+    6 incarnáta,          flesh-coloured.
+
+  STYLIDÍUM 120.
+    6 graminifòlium,      grass-leaved.
+    fruticòsum,           shrubby.
+    laricifòlium,         larch-leaved.
+    adnátum,              adnate.
+
+  STYPHÌLIA 120.
+    6 tubiflòra,          tube-flowered.
+    triflòra,             three-flowered.
+    adscéndens,           ascending.
+    longifòlia,           long-flowered.
+
+  SALPIGLÓSSIS 120.
+    13 pícta,             painted.
+    atropurpùrea,         dark-purple.
+    sinuáta,              crimson.
+
+  STRELÍTZIA 263.
+    19 regìnæ,            Queen.
+    ováta,                oval-leaved.
+    hùmilis,              dwarf.
+    agústa,               large-leaved.
+    jùncea,               rush-leaved.
+    parvifòlia,           small-leaved.
+    farinòsa,             mealy-stalked.
+
+  SPARÁXIS 304.
+    grandiflòra striáta,  striped.
+    versícolor,           various.
+    anemonæflòra,         anemone-flowered.
+
+  STERNBÉRGIA 274.
+    11 lútea,             yellow.
+    _Amarýllis lútea_.
+
+  SPREIKÈLIA 207.
+    11 formosíssima,      Jacobea-lily.
+    _Amarýllis formosíssima_.
+
+  SAPONÀRIA 147,          Soap-wort.
+    officinális plèno,    double.
+    cæspitòsa,            tufted.
+
+  SILÈNE 147,             Catch-fly.
+    viscósa,              clammy.
+      "  plèna,           double.
+
+  SAXÍFRAGA 147, Saxifrage.
+    hirsùta,              hairy.
+    crassifòlia,          thick-leaved.
+    granolata multiplex,  double.
+    umbròsa,              London-pride.
+    sarmentòsa,           sarmentose.
+    pulchélla,            pretty.
+    pyramidális,          pyramidal.
+
+  SPIR'ÆA 148,
+    ulmária multiplex,    double meadowsweet.
+    filipéndula  "        drop-wort.
+    lobàta                lobe-leaved.
+
+  STÁTICE 148.            Thrift.
+    vulgáris,             common.
+    _Armèria vulgáris_.
+    speciòsa,             showy.
+    latifòlia,            broad-leaved.
+    maritìma,             sea-side.
+
+
+  TAGÈTES 120.
+    11 lúcida,            sweet-scented.
+
+  TESTUDINÀRIA 221,    Hottentot's bread.
+    elephántipes,         Elephant's-foot.
+    montàna,              mountain.
+
+  TÁXUS 121.              Yew.
+    14 nucífera,          nut-bearing.
+
+  TELOPÈA 121.
+    19 speciosíssimus,    showy.
+
+  TEMPLETÒNIA 122.
+    6 retùsa,             erect.
+    gláuca,               glaucous.
+
+  TRISTÀNIA 122.
+    1 neriifòlia,         oleander-leaved.
+    confertá,             crowded.
+    suavèolens,           scented.
+
+  TECÒMA 253, 65.
+    10 móllis,            soft.
+    digitàta,             digitated.
+    splèndida,            splendid.
+    capènsis,             cape.
+    stáns,                ash-leaved.
+    _Bignònia stáns_.
+
+  TABERNÆMONTÁNA
+    11 coronària plèno,   double-white.
+    _Nèrium coronàrium plèno_.
+    densiflòra,           dense-flowered.
+
+  THRÌNAX 254.
+    11 parviflòra,        small-flowered.
+
+  TAXÁNTHEMA 149.
+    tatàrica,             Tartarean.
+    _Státice tatàrica_.
+    latifòlia,            broad-leaved.
+    conspícua,            conspicuous.
+
+  THOMÀSIA 101.
+    1 solanàcea,          night-shade-leaved.
+    quercifòlia,          oak-leaved.
+
+  TRITÒNIA 304.
+    11 crocàta,           crocus-leaved.
+    _Ixìa crocàta_.
+    xanthosphìla,         yellow-spotted.
+
+  THUNBÉRGIA 251.
+    1 coccínea,           scarlet.
+    grandiflòra,          large-flowered.
+    fràgrans,             scented.
+    alàta,                wing-leaved.
+
+  TRÓLLIUS 149,           Globe-flower.
+    Europ'æus,            European.
+    Asiàticus,            Asiatic.
+
+  THÙJA 210.              American arbor-vitæ.
+    accidentalis,         western.
+    orientàlis,           eastern.
+
+  TIGRÍDIA 208.           Tiger-flower.
+    11 pavònia,           peacock.
+    conchiiflòra,         yellow-spotted.
+
+  TETRAMÈRIUM 228.
+    17 odoratíssimum,     scented.
+    _Coffèa occidentàlis_.
+
+
+  VERBÉNA 122,            Vervain.
+    chamædryfòlia,        scarlet.
+    _melíndres_.
+    Lambértii,            Lambert's.
+    pulchélla,            pretty.
+
+  VIBÚRNUM 123, 306, 45.
+    17 tìnus,             laurestinus.
+    lùcidum,              shining.
+    odoratíssimum,        scented.
+    hirsútum,             hairy.
+    strìctum,             erect.
+    variegàtum,           variegated.
+
+  VEMINÀRIA 124.
+    6 denudàta,           half-naked.
+
+  VIRGÍLIA 124.
+    capènsis,             cape.
+
+  VOLKAMÈRIA 124.
+
+  VERÓNICA 149.           Speed-well.
+    officinàlis,          officinal.
+    cham'ædrys,           Germander.
+    mèdia,                long-spiked.
+    incàna,               hoary.
+    élegans,              elegant.
+    spícàta,              spiked.
+    grándis,              large white.
+    incarnàta,            flesh-coloured.
+    cárnea,               pale red.
+    leucántha,            white-flowered.
+    bellidioídes,         daisy-leaved.
+    vérna,                vernal.
+    am'[oe]na,            fine-blue.
+    pulchélla,            neat.
+
+  VALERÌANA 149.
+    dioíca,               dioicious.
+
+  VÌOLA 150.              Violet.
+    odoràta,              sweet-scented.
+      "  plèno álba,      double-white.
+      "  " purpùrea,        "    purple.
+
+
+  WITSÈNIA 125.
+    8 corymbòsa,          corymbose.
+
+  WESTRÍNGIA 125.
+    1 rosmarinifórmis,    rosemary-leaved.
+    longifòlia,           long-leaved.
+
+  WACHENDÓRFIA 24.
+
+  WHALÉNBERGIA 136.
+    7 grandiflòra,        large-flowered.
+    _Campánula grandiflòra_.
+
+  WATSÒNIA 304.
+    11 iridifòlia,        iris-leaved.
+    ròsea,                rose-coloured.
+    hùmilis,              dwarf.
+    fúlgida,              scarlet.
+    _Antholýza fúlgens_.
+    rúbens,               red-spotted.
+
+  WISTÈRIA 197.
+    frutéscens,           shrubby.
+    _Glýcine frutéscens_.
+    chinéusis,            Chinese.
+    _Glýcine chinénsis_.
+
+
+  YÚCCA 150.              Adam's-needle.
+    supérba,              superb.
+    _Gloriòsa_.
+    aloifòlia,            aloe-leaved.
+    angustifòlia,         narrow-leaved.
+    acuminàta,            tapering-flowered.
+    serrulàta,            saw-leaved.
+    filamentòsa,          thready.
+
+
+  ZÀMIA 125, 254.
+    11 hórrida,           horrid.
+    púngens,              pungent.
+    spíralis,             spiral.
+    latifòlia,            broad-leaved.
+    média,                intermediate.
+    furfuràcea,           chaffy.
+    ténuis,               slender.
+    integrifòlia,         entire-leaved.
+
+  =Zíngiber= 36.          Ginger.
+
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+  Airing the green-house, 20. 38. 172.
+    hot-house, 33.
+
+  Annuals, of sowing tender, 53.
+
+  Awning for hyacinths, 202.
+    for carnations, 277.
+    for plants, 256.
+
+
+  Box edgings, directions for planting, 139.
+
+  Bulbs, of protecting, 25.
+    preserving of Cape, 175.
+    method of planting Dutch 318.
+    care of tender 328.
+
+  Bulbous roots, of uncovering, 152.
+    protecting, 152.
+
+
+  Cistern, of a, 12. 273.
+
+  Cold, in the green-house, effects of, 21.
+
+  Cleanliness, good and bad effects of, 38.
+
+  Clipping shrubs, observations on, 44.
+
+  Carnation, qualities of a fine, 275.
+    and pink layers, care of, 307.
+
+  Camellias, period of selecting, 316.
+
+  Coverings, oil-cloth, 342.
+
+
+  Damp, in the green-house, effects of, 20. 22.
+
+  Dahlias, forwarding in a hot-bed, 181.
+
+  Daisies, primroses, &c. method of protecting, 321.
+
+
+  Engine for the green-house, best kind of, 19.
+
+  Enarching, method of, 127.
+
+  Edgings, fancy, 162.
+    method of dressing box, 211.
+
+
+  Fires, how to regulate the, 21. 33.
+
+  Fumigating, method of, 13.
+
+  Frames, of protecting, 26.
+
+
+  Glass, effects of broken, 43.
+    of double, 338.
+
+  Grass-seeds, most approved, 161.
+    walks, of laying down, ib.
+
+  Grafting, whip or tongue, 163.
+
+  Green-house, temperature of the, 340.
+    how to regulate the, ib.
+
+  Geraniums, how to prune or dress, 286.
+
+
+  Hedges, how to keep evergreen, 211.
+
+  Herbaceous plants, how to treat, 325.
+    criterion for planting, 151.
+
+  Hotbeds, of making, 52. 178.
+
+  Hyacinth, properties of a good, 202.
+
+  Hyacinths, of plunging new potted, 305.
+
+
+  Insects, their destruction, 12. 30. 35. 56.
+    effects of light on, 17.
+
+  Inoculation, method of, 47.
+
+
+  Liquid for orange and lemon trees, 39.
+    to destroy the cocus insect, 15.
+
+  Lime trees, situation in the green-house of, 312.
+
+  Leaves, bad effects of, 332.
+
+
+  Mildew on Camellias, &c., how to destroy, 22, 23. 173.
+
+  Manure, fermentation of, 52.
+
+
+  Orange and Lemon trees, when to transplant, 287.
+    how to prune, 289.
+
+
+  Plants, criterion for repotting, 126.
+    of training climbing green-house, 176.
+    in summer the best situation for, 256.
+
+  Pots, method of draining flower, 126.
+
+  Pruning, good or bad effects of, 27.
+    various shrubs, manner of, 45.
+    China roses, manner of, 189.
+    climbing ever-blooming roses, method of, 191.
+      roses, 195.
+
+  Planting, bad effects in, 334,
+    state of the soil when, 48.
+
+  Pink, qualities of a fine, 276.
+
+  Perennials, description of fine, 133.
+
+  Parlours, treatment of plants in, 28. 54. 343.
+
+
+  Repotting plants, 17. 35. 41. 57. 61. 169.
+
+  Roses, how to retard the blooming of, 155.
+    finest sorts of, 156.
+    varieties of, ib.
+    of fancy planting, 157.
+    of mulching, 158.
+    in June, reasons for pruning, 279.
+    nature of the soil for, 323.
+    early, how to have, 344.
+
+
+  Shutters, benefit of, 10.
+    how to make, 337.
+
+  Slugs, detect, 25.
+    how to destroy, 267.
+
+  Stocks, of procuring seed from flowering, 176.
+
+  Shrubs, of uncovering 129.
+    pleasure and effect of, 48.
+
+  Shrubs, manner of planting, 50.
+    of supporting, 51.
+    of packing, 51.
+
+  Snow on the houses, bad effects of, 34.
+
+  Syringes, best kind of, 19.
+
+  Syringing, good effects of, 14. 19. 37. 39. 171.
+
+
+  Tieing up plants, method of, 19.
+
+  Tubs for trees, perforated, 59.
+    best kind of, 288.
+
+  Trees, of heading down, 59.
+    of watering and arranging large, 259.
+
+  Tanners' bark, nature of, 332.
+
+  Tan-bed, plunge the plants in the, 339.
+
+  Tobacco for destroying insects, decoction of, 60.
+
+  Turf, of laying, 160.
+
+  Trellises, of, 196.
+
+  Tulip, properties of a fine, 203.
+
+
+  Watering, good or bad effects of, 11. 21. 29. 34. 56. 58.
+
+  Water on hot-house plants, effects of cold, 12.
+
+  Watering-pot, best kind of, 11.
+
+  Wounds on trees, composition for covering, 172.
+
+  White-washing the glass with whiting, of, 173.
+
+  Walks with turf, of laying, 209.
+
+  Wall-flowers, how to propagate, 268.
+      "  and stocks, time of lifting, 307.
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF HARDY SHRUBS.
+
+_Those marked thus [*], require protection in winter, and those marked
+thus [+], shade in summer._
+
+
+  AMÓRPHA,                Bastard-indigo.
+    fruticòsa,            shrubby.
+
+  AMÝGDALUS,              Almond.
+    nàna,                 dwarf.
+    púmila,               double-flowering.
+    aérsica,              peach-leaved.
+
+  ANDRÓMEDA.
+    all the species.
+
+  AZÀLEA,                 American honeysuckle.
+    all the hardy species.
+
+  AUCÚBA,                 Gold-tree.
+    [+]japònica,          Japan.
+
+
+  BÚXUS,                  Box-tree.
+    two species.
+
+
+  CALYCÀNTHUS,            Sweet-scented shrub.
+    flòridus,             purple-flowered.
+    _var._ _var._
+
+  CASTÍNEA,               Chesnut-tree.
+    púmila,               dwarf.
+
+  CÉRCIS,                 Judas-tree.
+    canadènsis.
+
+  CHIONÁNTHUS.            Fringe-tree.
+    virgìnica,            common.
+
+  CLÉTHRA.
+    all the hardy species.
+
+  CÓRNUS,                 Dogwood.
+    flórida,              large-flowered.
+    sangùinea,            bloody.
+
+
+  DÁPHNE.
+    mezerium,             red.
+    _var._ _var._         red, white, and purple.
+
+
+  GORDÒNIA,               Franklinia.
+    pubèscens,            downy.
+
+
+  HIBÌSCUS,               Althæa.
+    syrìacus,             Althæa frutax.
+    _var._ _var._
+
+  HYDRÀNGEA.
+    all the varieties.
+    [+][*]hortensis,      garden.
+
+
+  ÌLEX,                   Holly.
+    _var._ _var._
+
+
+  JASMÌNUM,               Jasmine,
+    fruticàns,            shrubby.
+    officinàle,           climbing white.
+
+  JUNIPÈRUS,              Juniper.
+    suècica,              Swedish.
+    virgìnicus,           Virginian.
+
+
+  KÁLMIA,                 American Laurel.
+    gláuca,               glaucous.
+    latifòlia,            broad-leaved.
+
+
+  LAÙRUS,                 Laurel.
+    [*]nòbilis,           sweet-bay.
+    _var._ _var._
+
+  LAVENDÙLA,              Lavender.
+    spíca,                spike-flowered.
+
+
+  MAGNÒLIA.
+    purpùrea,             purple.
+    Róbus,                slender.
+    _grácilis_.
+    grandiflòra,          large-flowered.
+    _var._ _var._
+    thomsoniàna,          hybrid.
+    conspícua,            zoulan.
+    soulangeàna,          hybrid.
+
+  PHILADÈLPHUS,           mock-orange.
+    grandiflòra,          large-flowered.
+    màna,                 dwarf.
+    variegàtus,           variegated.
+
+  PÌNUS,                  Pine or Fir-tree.
+    balsàmea,             balm of Gilead.
+
+  PINCKNÉYA,              Georgia bark-tree.
+    púbens,               downy.
+
+  PRÚNUS,                 Cherry.
+    [*]lusitánica,        Portugal-laurel.
+    [*]laurocérasus,      English-laurel.
+
+
+  RHODODÉNDRON,           Rose-bay.
+    catawhiénse,          Catawba.
+    daùricum,             daurian.
+    _var._ _var._
+    pónticum,             pink.
+    _var._ _var._
+    máximum.              common.
+
+  RHÙS,                   Sumach.
+    cotìnus,              mist-tree.
+
+  RÍBES.
+    aureum,               fragrant.
+    sanguìneum,           bloody.
+
+  ROBÌNIA,                Locust-tree.
+    hìspida,              rose-acacia.
+
+
+  SÓRBUS.
+    hýbrida,              mountain-ash--a beautiful shrub.
+
+  SPIR`ÆA.
+    tomentòsa,            tomentose.
+    bélla.                red flowered.
+    frútex.               shawy.
+
+  SYMPHÒRA,               Snow-berry.
+    racemòsa,             white-berried.
+    glomeràta.            red-berried.
+
+  SYRÌNGA,                Lilac.
+    all the species.
+
+
+  TÁXUS,                  Yew.
+    baccàta.
+    hibérnica,            a handsome, erect growing evergreen.
+
+  THÚJA.                  arbor-vitæ.
+    occidentàlis,         American.
+    orientàlis,           Chinese.
+
+  TÍLLIA,                 Lime or Linden-tree.
+    parvifòlia,           small-leaved.
+    coccínea,             scarlet.
+
+
+  VIBÙRNUM.
+    opùlus,               guelder-rose.
+    _var._ _var_.
+
+
+
+
+LIST OF ANNUALS THAT MAY BE SOWN ON A HOT-BED.
+
+
+  AMARÁNTHUS,             Amaranth.
+    tricólor,             three-coloured.
+    hypochondrìacus,      Prince's-Feather.
+    caudàtus,             love-lies-bleeding.
+    globbòsus,            globe.
+    _var._ _var._
+
+
+  BALSAMÌNA,              Ladies-slipper.
+    horténsis,            garden.
+    _var._ _var._
+
+  BROWÁLLIA.
+    elàta,                blue.
+    _var._                white.
+
+
+  CÁNNA,                  Indian-shot.
+    índica,               Indian.
+
+  CELÒSIA.
+    cristàta,             cockscomb.
+    _var._ _var._
+
+
+  IPOM`ÆA,                Cypress-vine.
+    _var._ _var._
+
+
+  MIMÒSA.
+    sensitìva,            sensitive-plant.
+
+
+  STRAMÒNIUM.
+    purpúrea pleno        double-blue.
+    alba       "            "    white.
+
+  SCHIZÁNTHUS.
+    pinnàtus and porrígens.
+
+
+  ÁSTER.
+    chinènsis,            Queen Margaret's.
+    _var._ _var._
+
+
+  CALENDÙLA,              Mary-gold.
+         "                African, French.
+         "                dwarf and sweet-scented
+
+
+  XERÁNTHEMUM of sorts.
+
+
+  STOCKS, 10 week varieties.
+
+
+
+
+HARDY ANNUALS.
+
+
+  ALYSSUM, white or sweet.
+
+  ANTÍRHÌNUM latifòlia.
+    medíum.
+    speciòsum.
+    versicolor.
+
+  ARGERATUM mexicanum.
+    odoratum.
+
+  ARGEMONE, of sorts.
+
+  ASTER, Chinese, of varieties.
+
+  AMARANTHUS, do.  do.
+
+
+  BALSAM,     do.  do.
+
+
+  CACCÀLIA Coccinea.
+
+  CENTÁUREA Americàna.
+
+  CALCEOLARIA of sorts.
+
+  CLÁSKIA, pulchélla.
+
+  CELOSIA of sorts.
+
+  CALENDÙLA Mary-Gold, of sorts.
+
+  CANDYTUFT, of var.
+
+  CONVÓLVULUS, of var.
+
+  COREOPSIS, of var.
+
+
+  GYPSOPHÌLA elegans.
+
+
+  HOLLYHOCK, Chinese, of var.
+
+  HAWKWEED, of var.
+
+
+  IPOMÈA, do.
+
+
+  LARKSPUR, dwarf-rocket.
+
+  LARKSPUR, branching.
+    Neapolitan.
+
+  LOVE-LIES-BLEEDING.
+
+  LUPINS, of sorts.
+
+
+  MARVEL of Peru.
+
+  MIGNONETTE, sweet.
+
+  MARYGOLD, of sorts.
+
+
+  NASTURTIUM, dwarf.
+
+  NIGELLA, of var.
+
+
+  [OE]NOTHERA, do. do.
+
+
+  PINK Indian.
+
+  PEAS, sweet, of sorts.
+
+  PERSICÀRIA, red and white.
+
+  POPPY, double var.
+
+  PRINCESS FEATHER.
+
+
+  SNAP-DRAGON.
+
+  STOCK, Prussian, in var.
+
+  SUN-FLOWER, of var.
+
+  SULTAN, sweet.
+
+  SILENE, of sorts.
+
+
+  VENUS' LOOKING-GLASS.
+    Navel-Wort.
+
+
+  XERANTHEHUM, of var.
+
+
+  ZINNIA, elegans.
+    of sorts.
+
+[We have not been minute in the list of annuals, as they are generally
+known, and a judicious selection adapted to this country may be found in
+the catalogue of D. & C. Landreth, Philadelphia, or that of Smith &
+Hogg, New York.]
+
+
+
+
+HARDY BIENNIALS.
+
+
+  CAMPANULA spicàta.
+    medium                Canterbury-bells.
+      álbida, white.
+
+
+  DELPHÍNIUM píctum.
+
+  DIAITÀLIS,              Fox Glove.
+    purpùrea.
+    álba.
+
+
+  HONESTY, or Lunaria.
+
+  HONEYSUCKLE, French.
+
+  HORNED POPPY.
+
+  HÚMEA, élegans.
+
+
+  MÁLVA ARBÒREA.
+
+  MIMULUS, of var.
+
+
+  [OE]NOTHÈRA,            Evening Primrose.
+    elata,                tall.
+    suavèolens,           sweet-scented.
+    spectábilis,          showy.
+    biénnis,              common.
+    var. var.
+    longiflòra.           long-flower.
+    corymbòsa,            corymbose.
+
+
+  SILÈNE,                 Catch-fly.
+    multiflòra,           many-flowered.
+    viscòsa,              clammy.
+    divaricàta,           avaricate.
+
+
+  WALL-FLOWER,            bloody.
+          "               white.
+          "               yellow.
+
+
+
+
+TABLE OF SOILS.
+
+
+The following compound of soils are adapted to the nature of the Plants
+contained in this Work.
+
+The figures attached to the first species of each Genus refer to the
+Table of Soils, where the compost is in parts; and where any figures
+occur in the same Genus, the species following are of the same nature.
+
+  NUMBER.  |  Savanna.     Loam.     Leaf.     Sand.     Manure.
+        1  |     2      -   1     -    -    -    -    -    -
+        2  |     -      -   3     -    2    -    -    -    -
+        3  |     -      -   4     -    -    -    1    -    1
+        4  |     -      -   2     -    1    -    -    -    -
+        5  |    all     -   -     -    -    -    -    -    -
+        6  |     3      -   1     -    -    -    -    -    -
+        7  |     -      -   3     -    1    -    1    -    -
+        8  |     4      -   1     -    -    -    -    -    -
+        9  |     -      -   2     -    2    -    1    -    -
+       10  |     1      -   1     -    1    -    -    -    -
+       11  |     -      -   3     -    2    -    1    -    -
+       12  |     -      -   3     -    1    -    1    -    1
+       13  |     2      -   2     -    1    -    -    -    1
+       14  |     -      -   4     -    -    -    1    -    -
+       15  |     -      -   4     -    2    -    1    -    -
+       16  |     4      -   -     -    1    -    -    -    -
+       17  |     -      -   5     -    1    -    1    -    1
+       18  |     -      -   1     -    1    -    1    -    -
+       19  |     1      -   1     -    -    -    -    -    -
+
+
+REMARKS ON THE NATURE OF SOILS USED IN THE ABOVE TABLE.
+
+_Savanna soil_--is of a dark colour, with a large portion of white sand
+incorporated with it, and is found frequently in New Jersey. A mixture
+of two-thirds black earth from the woods, and one-third of pure white
+sand, will be similar to it, and may be used as a substitute, but is not
+exactly of the same nature.
+
+_Loam_--is of a light brown colour, and is that from old pastures or
+commons, which should lie one year, and be frequently turned before
+using. It ought not to be from a clay bottom.
+
+_Leaf mould_--is that which is to be found on the surface of the ground
+in woods, and is the decomposed leaves. It may be termed nearly of first
+rate importance in vegetation.
+
+_Sand_--is a substance that is generally known, and that which is found
+on the surface is decidedly the best. If it is from a pit, it must be
+spread out, and frequently turned, that it may assimilate with the
+atmosphere before using;--four months will be sufficient.
+
+_Manure_--before using, must be decomposed to very fine particles. It
+will require two years, during which time it must be often turned, and
+the longer it lays it will be the finer and more congenial.
+
+
+
+
+=HIBBERT AND BUIST=,
+
+=EXOTIC NURSERYMEN AND FLORISTS=,
+
+Respectfully inform their friends and the public generally, that in
+addition to the Garden in Thirteenth-street, they have purchased the
+Nursery Grounds, Green-Houses, &c., established by the late B. M'Mahon,
+Esq., on the township line, near the Germantown road, about three miles
+from the city, where the propagation and cultivation of Ornamental
+Trees, Shrubs, Plants, and Flowers, will hereafter be extensively
+carried on, and improved in accordance to the increasing demand.
+
+The Thirteenth-street Garden will be appropriated as a repository for
+the sale of plants and the receiving of orders.
+
+A splendid collection of Camellia Japonica, containing the most approved
+and distinct varieties; also a very large selection of the most esteemed
+and beautiful Roses. Their Dahlias were selected by R. Buist, last year,
+from the finest collection in England, together with many Ornamental and
+other Plants not surpassed for extent in the Union.
+
+Orders at either of the establishments, or per post, will be duly
+received and punctually attended to.
+
+
+Transcriber notes:
+
+
+All original typographical errors and inconsistencies other than the
+ones listed below are preserved in this version.
+
+Various spellings of Alstr[oe]meria have been made consistent.
+
+[OE]: in this version, is used to represent the oe ligature.
+
+[)a]: in this version, is used to represent letter a with breve.
+
+Page vi: replaced "apppreciation' with "appreciation"
+
+Page ix: replaced " and transplanting, 302" with " and transplanting,
+320"
+
+Page 16-17: removed "The ance."
+
+Page 56: replaced "frequentl ycauses" with "frequently causes"
+
+Page 63: Italicized "A. f[oe]tida" for consistency.
+
+Page 96: replaced comma with period in "much water,"
+
+Page 109: replaced "sbrubs" with "shrubs"
+
+Page 144: replaced "beatiful" with "beautiful"
+
+Page 160: replaced "firt" with "first"
+
+Page 163: replaced "it it" with "it is"
+
+Page 187: Replaced second "No. 27." to "No. 29." to fix sequence
+
+Page 224: replaced "end of the month," with "end of the month."
+
+Page 227: replaced "phyllnthoídes" with "phyllanthoídes"
+
+Page 280: replaced "seeif" with "see if"
+
+Page 282: Replaced "intances" with "instances"
+
+Page 304: Replaced "observatign" with "observation"
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The American Flower Garden Directory, by 
+Thomas Hibbert and Robert Buist
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42825 ***