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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42821 ***
+
+{581}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 243.]
+SATURDAY, JUNE 24. 1854
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                    Page
+
+  Memoirs of Grammont, by W. H. Lammin, &c.                    583
+
+  Bohn's Reprint of Woodfall's "Junius," by H. Martin          584
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--Mutilating Books--The Plymouth Calendar--
+    Divinity Professorships                                    585
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+  Sepulchral Monuments                                         586
+
+  Roger Ascham and his Letters, by J. E. B. Mayor              588
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--Symbolism in Raphael's Pictures--
+    "Obtains"--Army Lists for Seventeenth and Eighteenth
+    Centuries--Anonymous Poet--John Bale--A short Sermon       589
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Quakers' Calendar--"Rodondo,
+    or the State Jugglers"--Rathlin Island--Parochial
+    Registers--"Trevelyan," &c.--Grammar School of
+    St. Mary de Crypt, Gloucester                              589
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  Cranmer's Martyrdom, by John P. Stilwell, &c.                590
+
+  Coleridge's Unpublished Manuscripts, by
+    C. Mansfield Ingleby                                       591
+
+  Life                                                         591
+
+  Inscriptions on Bells, by Peter Orlando Hutchinson,
+    Cuthbert Bede, Rev. H. T. Ellacombe, &c.                   592
+
+  De Beauvoir Pedigree, by Edgar MacCulloch                    596
+
+  Right of Refuge in the Church Porch, by
+    Goddard Johnson, &c.                                       597
+
+  Ferdinand Charles III., Duke of Parma, by
+    J. Reynell Wreford, &c.                                    598
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Townsend's Wax-paper
+    Process--Photographic Litigation                           598
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Vandyking--Monteith--A. M. and
+    M. A.--Greek denounced by the Monks--Caldecott's
+    Translation of the New Testament--Blue Bells of
+    Scotland--"De male quæsitis gaudet non tertius
+    hæres"--Mawkin--"Putting a spoke in his wheel"--Dog
+    Latin--Swedish Words current in England--Mob--"Days
+    of my Youth"--Encore--Richard Plantagenet, Earl of
+    Cambridge--Right of redeeming Property--Latin Inscription
+    on Lindsey Court-house--Myrtle Bee--Mousehunt--Longfellow's
+    "Hyperion"--Benjamin Rush--Quakers executed in North
+    America                                                    599
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Notices to Correspondents                                    603
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
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+{582}
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+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{583}
+
+_LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 24, 1854._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notes.
+
+MEMOIRS OF GRAMMONT.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 461. 549.; Vol. ix., pp. 3. 204. 356.)
+
+    "Des gens qui écrivent pour le Comte de Grammont peuvent compter sur
+    quelque indulgence."--Vide Introduction to the Memoirs.
+
+Grammont's first visit to England may have been in Nov. 1655, when
+Bordeaux, the French ambassador, concluded a treaty with Cromwell, whereby
+France agreed totally to abandon the interests of Charles II.; and
+Cromwell, on his part, declared war against Spain, by which we gained
+Jamaica. Another opportunity occurred in 1657, when Cromwell's son-in-law,
+Lord Fauconberg, was sent to compliment Louis XIV. and Cardinal Mazarin,
+who were near Dunkirk. The ambassador presented some horses to the King and
+his brother, and also to the Cardinal. They made the ambassador handsome
+presents, and the King sent the Duke de Crequi as his ambassador
+extraordinary to the Protector, accompanied by several persons of
+distinction.
+
+Grammont was at the siege of Montmedi, which surrendered on the 6th August,
+1657.
+
+He accompanied his brother, the Marshal, to Madrid in 1660, to demand the
+hand of the Infanta for his sovereign. On the Kings entry into Paris the
+same year with his Queen, Madame de Maintenon writes:
+
+    "The Chevalier de Grammont, Rouville, Bellefont, and some other
+    courtiers, followed the household of Cardinal Mazarin, which surprised
+    everybody: it was said it was out of flattery. The Chevalier was
+    dressed in a flame-coloured suit, and was very brilliant."
+
+In 1662 he was disgraced on account of Madlle de la Motte Houdancourt,
+aggravated also, it is said, by his having watched the King getting over
+the tiles into the apartments of the maids of honour, and spread the report
+about.
+
+The writer of the notes to the _Memoirs_ supposes that the Count's
+circumstances were not very flourishing on his arrival in England, and that
+he endeavoured to support himself by his literary acquirements. A scarce
+little work in Latin and French on King Charles's coronation was attributed
+to him, the initials to which were P. D. C., which it was said might stand
+for Philibert de Cramont. There seems no reason for this supposition: his
+finances were no worse in England than they had been in France; and there
+is no doubt he made his appearance at the Court of England under the
+greatest advantages. His family were specially protected by the Duke and
+Duchess of Orleans, the favourite sister of King Charles; and the Count was
+personally known to the King and to the Duke of York; and from a letter of
+Comminges', dated 20th Dec. 1662, it may be almost inferred that the Duke
+sent his own yacht to fetch the Count to London. Bussi-Rabutin writes of
+the Count, that he wrote almost worse than any one, and therefore not very
+likely to recruit his finances by authorship.
+
+The exact date of Grammont's marriage has yet to be fixed: probably a
+search at Doctors' Commons for the licence, or in the Whitehall Registers,
+if such exist, would determine the day. The first child, a boy, was born on
+the 28th August, O. S., 7th September, 1664, but did not live long. This
+would indicate that the marriage took place in December, 1663. From
+Comminges' letters, dated in that month, it must have been on a day
+subsequent to the 24th December. Their youngest child, who was afterwards
+an abbess, was born on the 27th December, 1667.
+
+It has been stated that Grammont was the hero of Molière's _Mariage
+forcée_, which was performed before the Court at Versailles in 1664.
+Comminges' letter of May 19-24, 1664, may allude to the Count's conduct to
+Miss Hamilton. He was twenty years older than the lady.
+
+Under date of October 24-November 3, 1664, Comminges announces the
+departure from London of the Count and Countess de Grammont.
+
+The Count was present with the King at the conquest of Franche Comte in
+1660, and in particular at the siege of Dôle in February, 1668. The Count
+and Countess were subsequently in England, as King Charles himself writes
+to the Duchess of Orleans on the 24th October, 1669, that the Count and
+Countess, with their family, were returning to France by way of Dieppe.
+
+In 1668, according to St. Evremond, the Count was successful in procuring
+the recall of his nephew, the Count de Guiche.
+
+Evelyn mentions in his _Diary_ dining on the 10th May, 1671, at Sir Thomas
+Clifford's, "where dined Monsieur de Grammont and several French noblemen."
+
+Madame de Sévigné names the Count in her letter of 5th January, 1672.
+
+He was present at the siege of Maestricht, which surrendered to the King in
+person on the 29th June, 1673.
+
+Madame de Sévigné names the Count again in her letter of the 31st July,
+1675.
+
+The Duchess of Orleans (the second) relates the great favour in which the
+Count was with the King.
+
+He was present at the sieges of Cambray and Namur in April, 1677, and
+February, 1678.
+
+We obtain many glimpses of the Count and Countess in subsequent years in
+the pages of Madame de Sévigné, Dangeau, and others, which may be consulted
+in preference to filling your columns with extracts. {584}
+
+In 1688, Grammont was sent by the Duke of Orleans to congratulate James II.
+on the birth of his son; in the _Ellis Correspondence_, under the date of
+10th July, 1688, it appears there was to have been an exhibition of
+fire-works, but it was postponed, and the following intimation of the cause
+was hinted at by a person behind the scenes:
+
+    "The young Prince is ill, but it is a secret; I think he will not hold.
+    The foreign ministers, Zulestein and Grammont, stay to see the issue."
+
+Grammont died on the 30th January, 1707, aged eighty-six years; his
+Countess survived him only until the 3rd June, 1708, when she expired, aged
+sixty-seven years. They only left one child, namely, Claude Charlotte,
+married on the 6th April, 1694, to Henry Howard, Earl of Stafford; Marie
+Elizabeth de Grammont, born the 27th December, 1667, Abbess of Sainte
+Marine de Poussey, in Lorraine, having died in 1706, previous to her
+parents.
+
+Maurepas says that Grammont's eldest daughter was maid of honour to the
+second Duchess of Orleans, who suspected her of intriguing with her son,
+afterwards the celebrated Regent. The Duchess, he adds, married her to Lord
+Stafford.
+
+Another writer says, that although Grammont's daughters were not handsome,
+yet they caused as much observation at Court as those who were.
+
+W. H. LAMMIN.
+
+Fulham.
+
+Count Hamilton is little to be trusted to in his chronology, from a
+mischievous custom that he has of, whenever he has to record a marriage or
+love affair between two parties considerably different in age, adding to
+that difference extravagantly, to make the thing more ridiculous. Sir John
+Denham is a well-known instance of this; but another, which is not noticed
+by the editor of Bohn's edition, nor any other that I have seen, is his
+making out Col. John Russell, a younger brother of the first Duke of
+Bedford, to have been seventy years of age in 1664, although his eldest
+brother was born in 1612, and the colonel could have been little older
+than, if as old as, De Grammont himself.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOHN'S REPRINT OF WOODFALL'S "JUNIUS."
+
+When a publisher issues a series of such works as are comprised in _Bohn's
+Standard Library_, and thereby brings expensive publications within the
+reach of the multitude, he is entitled to the gratitude and the active
+support of the reading portion of the public; but, if he wish to be ranked
+amongst the respectable booksellers, he ought to see to the accuracy of his
+reprints. Bohn's edition of Woodfall's _Junius_, in two volumes, purports
+to contain "the entire work, as originally published." This it does not.
+Some of the notes are omitted; and the text is, in many instances,
+incorrect. I have examined the first volume only; and I shall state some of
+the errors which I have found, on comparing it with Woodfall's edition,
+three volumes 8vo., 1814. The pages noted are those of Bohn's first volume.
+
+P. 87. In his Dedication, Junius says: "If an honest, and, I may truly
+affirm, a laborious zeal." Bohn turns it into nonsense, by printing it: "If
+an honest _man_, and I may truly," &c.
+
+P. 105. In Letter I., Junius speaks of "distributing the _offices_ of
+state, by rotation." Bohn has it "_officers_."
+
+P. 113. In Letter II., Sir W. Draper says that "all Junius's _assertions_
+are false and scandalous." Bohn prints it "_exertions_."
+
+P. 206. In Letter XXII., Junius says, "it may be advisable to _gut_ the
+resolution." Bohn has it "to _put_."
+
+P. 240. In Letter XXX., Junius says: "And, if possible, to perplex _us
+with_ the multitude of their offences." Bohn omits the words "_us with_."
+
+P. 319. In Letter XLII., Junius speaks of the "future _projects_" of the
+ministry. Bohn prints it "future _prospects_."
+
+P. 322. In the same letter, Junius says: "How far people may be animated
+_to resistance_, under the present administration." Bohn omits "_to
+resistance_."
+
+P. 382. In Letter LIII., Horne says: "And in case of refusal, _threaten_ to
+write them down." Bohn omits "_threaten_."
+
+P. 428. In Letter LXI., Philo-Junius says, "his view is to change a court
+of _common law into a court of_ equity." Bohn omits the words "_common law
+into a court of_."
+
+P. 437. In Letter LXIII., Junius writes, "love _and kindness_ to Lord
+Chatham." Bohn omits "_and kindness_."
+
+P. 439. In Letter LXIV., Junius speaks of "a multitude of _prerogative
+writs_." Bohn has it "a multitude of _prerogatives_."
+
+P. 446. In Letter LXVIII., Junius says to Lord Mansfield: "If, on your
+part, you should have no plain, substantial _defence_." Bohn substitutes
+"_evidence_" for "_defence_."
+
+These are the most important errors, but not all that I have found in the
+text. I now turn to the reprint of Dr. Mason Good's Preliminary Essay. The
+editor says: "The omission of a quotation or two, of no present interest,
+and the correction of a few inaccuracies of language, are the only
+alterations that have been made in the Preliminary Essay." We shall see how
+far this is true. Such alterations as "arrogance" for "insolence," p. 2.;
+"classic purity" for "classical chastity," p. 3.; "severe" for "atrocious,"
+p. 15., I shall not particularise farther; but merely observe that, so far
+from being merely "corrections {585} of inaccuracies of language," they are
+frequently changes of meaning.
+
+At pp. 4. and 5., extracts from speeches by Burke and North are introduced
+into the text. In Woodfall, they are given in a note, so as not to
+interrupt the writer's argument.
+
+Occasionally, a sentence is partly rewritten. I take one specimen. Dr. Good
+says that, "But for the Letters of Junius, the Commons of England might
+still ... have been exposed to the absurd and obnoxious harassment of
+parliamentary arrests, upon a violation of privileges undefined and
+incapable of being appealed against--defrauded of their estates upon an
+arbitrary and interested claim of the crown." In Bohn, p. 5., the words are
+altered to "have been exposed to arbitrary violations of individual
+liberty, under undefined pretexts of parliamentary privileges, against
+which there _were_ (?) no appeal--defrauded of their estates upon
+capricious and interested claims of the crown."
+
+Dr. Good, to show that Burke could not be Junius, cites several passages
+from his works; and then proves, by quotations from Junius, that the
+opinions of the one were opposed to those of the other. In Bohn's edition
+all these quotations, which occupy twelve octavo pages in Woodfall, are
+omitted as unnecessary, although the writer's argument is partly founded
+upon them; and yet the editor has retained (evidently through
+carelessness), at p. 66., Dr. Good's subsequent reference to these very
+quotations, where, being about to give some extracts from General Lee's
+letters, he says: "They may be compared with those of Junius, _that follow
+the preceding extracts from Mr. Burke_." This reference is retained, but
+the extracts spoken of are omitted.
+
+Some of Woodfall's notes are wholly left out; but I will not lengthen these
+remarks by specially pointing them out. The new notes of Bohn's editor
+offer much matter for animadversion, but I confine myself to one point. In
+a note to Sir W. Draper's first letter (p. 116.), we are told that Sir
+William "married a Miss De Lancy, who died in 1778, _leaving him a
+daughter_." In another note relating to Sir William (p. 227.), it is stated
+that "he married a daughter of the second son of the Duke of St. Alban's.
+Her ladyship died in 1778, _leaving him no issue_." How are we to reconcile
+these statements?
+
+H. MARTIN.
+
+    Halifax.
+
+    [The work professes to be edited by Mr. Wade. Mr. Wade therefore, and
+    not Mr. Bohn, is responsible for the errors pointed out by our
+    correspondent.--ED.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Mutilating Books._--Swift, in a letter to Stella, Jan. 16, 1711, says, "I
+went to Bateman's the bookseller, and laid out eight-and-forty shillings
+for books. I bought three little volumes of Lucian in French, for our
+Stella." This Bateman would never allow any one to look into a book in his
+shop; and when asked the reason, he would say, "I suppose you may be a
+physician, or an author, and want some recipe or quotation; and if you buy
+it I will engage it to be perfect before you leave me, but not after; as I
+have suffered by leaves being torn out, and the books returned, to my very
+great loss and prejudice.
+
+ABHBA.
+
+_The Plymouth Calendar._--To your collection of verses (Vol. vii. _passim_)
+illustrative of local circumstances, incidents, &c., allow me to add the
+following:
+
+ "The West wind always brings wet weather,
+  The East wind wet and cold together;
+  The South wind surely brings us rain,
+  The North wind blows it back again.
+  If the Sun in red should set,
+  The next day surely will be wet;
+  If the Sun should set in grey,
+  The next will be a rainy day."
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+_Divinity Professorships._--In the last number of _The Journal of Sacred
+Literature_ (April, 1854), there is a well-deserved eulogium on the
+biblical labours of Dr. Kitto; who, though in the enjoyment of the title of
+D.D. (conferred on him some years ago by a Continental University), is
+nevertheless a layman, and not, as is very commonly imagined, in orders.
+The article, however, to which I refer, contains a curious mistake.
+Michaelis is cited (p. 122.) as an instance of a layman being able, on the
+Continent, to hold a professorship relating to theology and biblical
+science, in contrast to what is assumed to be the invariable system at the
+English Universities. It is true, indeed, that for the most part such
+professorships are here held by clergymen; but from several of them laymen
+are not excluded by any law. At Cambridge, the Norrisian Professor of
+Divinity, for example, may be a layman.
+
+With respect to the degree of D.D., it is observed by the Writer of the
+article, p. 127.:
+
+    "In Germany this degree is given to laymen, but in England it is
+    exclusively appropriated to the clergy. This led to the very general
+    impression among strangers, that Dr. Kitto is a clergyman."
+
+ABHBA.
+
+    [We have frequently seen the celebrated Nonjuror Henry Dodwell noticed
+    as in orders, perhaps from his portrait exhibiting him in gown and
+    bands as Camden Professor of History at Oxford. Miss Strickland, too,
+    in her _Lives of the Queens of England_, vol. vii. p. 202., and vol.
+    viii. p. 352., edit. 1853, speaks of that worthy layman, Robert Nelson,
+    both as a _Doctor_ and a clergyman!--ED.]
+
+{586}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+SEPULCHRAL MONUMENTS.
+
+(_Concluded from_ p. 539.)
+
+A divine, reasoning philosophically with a lady on the possibility of the
+appearance of ghosts, was much perplexed by her simple inquiry as to where
+the clothes came from. If then the mediæval effigies are alive, how can the
+costume be reconciled with their position? Where do their clothes come
+from? The theory advanced in the two preceding Numbers seems to offer a
+ready solution. Another corroborative fact remains to be stated, that when
+a kneeling attitude superseded the recumbent, the brasses were placed upon
+the wall, testifying, in some degree at least, that the horizontal figures
+were not traditionally regarded as living portraits. In anticipation of
+objections, it can only be said that "they have no speculation in their
+eyes;" that out of the thousands in existence, a few exceptions will only
+prove the rule; and that their incongruities were conventional.
+
+It is now my purpose to offer a few more reasons for releasing the
+sculptors of the present day from a rigid adherence to the uplifted hands
+and the straight head. That there is grace, dignity, and pious serenity
+occasionally perceptible in these interesting relics of bygone days, which
+so appropriately furnish our magnificent cathedrals, and embellish numbers
+of our parochial churches, is freely admitted; but that they are formal,
+conventional, monotonous, and consequently unfitted for modern imitation,
+cannot reasonably be denied by a person with pretensions to taste. From the
+study of anatomy, the improvement in painting, the invention of engraving,
+our acquaintance with the matchless works of Greece, and other causes, this
+branch of art has made considerable advance. Why, then, should a sculptor
+be now "cabin'd, cribb'd, confined, bound in," by such inflexible
+conditions? If some variation is discoverable in the ancient types, why
+should he not have the advantage of selection, and avail himself of that
+attitude best adapted to the situation of the tomb and the character of the
+deceased? Not to multiply examples of deviation--the Queen of Henry IV., in
+Canterbury Cathedral, has one arm reposing at her side, and the other upon
+her breast. The arms of Edward III., in Westminster Abbey, are both
+stretched at his side. An abbot of Peterborough, in that cathedral, holds a
+book and a pastoral staff. The hands of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick,
+in his beautiful chapel, are raised, but separate. Several have the arms
+crossed, expressive of humility and resignation. Others (lay as well as
+clerical) press a holy book to their bosom; and some place the right hand
+upon the heart, denoting the warmth of their love and faith. In his
+description of Italian monuments, Mr. Ruskin remarks, that "though in
+general, in tombs of this kind, the face of the statue is slightly turned
+towards the spectator, in one case it is turned away" (_Stones of Venice_,
+vol. iii. p. 14.); and instances are not unfrequent of similar inclinations
+of the head at home. Why then should this poor choice be denied? Why should
+he be fettered by austere taskmasters to this stereotyped treatment, to the
+proverbial stiffness of "our grandsires cut in alabaster." Indignation has
+been excited in many quarters against that retrograde movement termed
+"pre-Raphaelism," yet what in fact is this severe, angular, antiquated
+style, but identically the same thing in stone? What but pre-Angeloism?
+Upon the supposition that the effigies have departed this life, or even
+that the spirit is only about to take its flight, anatomical and
+physiological difficulties present themselves, for strong action would be
+required to hold the hands in this attitude of prayer. The drapery, too,
+hanging in straight folds, has been always apparently designed from upright
+figures, circumstances evincing how little the rules of propriety were then
+regarded. Their profusion occasions a familiarity which demands a change,
+for the range is here as confined as that of the sign-painter, who could
+only depict lions, and was therefore precluded from varying his signs,
+except by an alteration in the colour. Such is the yearning of taste for
+diversity, that in the equestrian procession on the frieze of the
+Parthenon, out of about ninety horses, not two are in the same attitude;
+yet to whatever extent our churches may be thronged with these sepulchral
+tombs, all must be, as it were, cast in the same mould, till by repetition
+their beauty
+
+ "Fades in the eye and palls upon the sense."
+
+It is evidently imitating the works of antiquity under a disadvantage,
+inasmuch as modern costume is far inferior in picturesque effect to the
+episcopal vestments, the romantic armour, and numerous elegant habiliments
+of an earlier day. Every lesser embellishment and minuteness of detail are
+regarded by an artist who has more enlarged views of his profession as
+foreign to the main design; yet the robes, millinery, jewellery, and
+accoutrements usually held a place with the carvers of that time of equal
+importance with the face, and engaged as large a share of their attention.
+
+The comparative easiness of execution forms another argument. Having
+received the simple commission for a monument (specifications are
+needless), the workmen (as may be imagined) fixes the armour of the defunct
+knight upon his table, places a mask moulded from nature on the
+helmet-pillow, fits on a pair of hands with which, like an {587} assortment
+of gloves, his studio is provided, diligently applies his compasses to
+insure exact equality by means of a receipt, perchance imparts some
+devotional expression, and the work is ready to be transferred to stone.
+
+Mr. Petit, in the preface (page x.) to his _Architectural Studies_, after
+due praise, asserts--
+
+    "That no sculptor anxious to advance his own reputation and art will
+    ever set up a mediæval statue as his model. He may acknowledge its
+    merits, and learn much from a careful examination of it, but still he
+    will not look up to its designer as his master and guide."
+
+Again, the efforts of genius are cramped by such uncompromising terms. The
+feet must unavoidably be directed towards the east; still, whatever the
+situation of the tomb may chance to be, from whatever point it may be
+viewed, or whether the light may fall on this side or on that, no way of
+escape is open, and no ingenuity can be employed to grapple with the
+uncontrollable obstruction. Portrait painters can choose the position most
+favourable to the features, but the monumental sculptor of the nineteenth
+century may only exhibit what is generally shunned, the direct profile; the
+contour of the face, and the wide expanse of brow, which might probably
+give the most lively indications of intellectual power, amiability of
+disposition, and devout tranquillity of soul, must be sacrificed to this
+unbending law "which altereth not." Sculptors, we are told, should overcome
+difficulties; but here they are required to "strive with impossibilities,
+yea, get the better of them." Whether painted windows, or some other
+ornament, or a tomb alone in harmony with the architecture (the form and
+features of the individual being elsewhere preserved), may constitute a
+more desirable memorial, is a separate question, but as statues are only
+admissible in a recumbent posture, some little latitude must be allowed.
+Like our reformers in higher things, it behoves us to discard what is
+objectionable in art, while we cherish that which is to be admired. Instead
+of treading in the footsteps of those lofty spirits, we should endeavour to
+follow the same road. Fully appreciating their excellences, let us avoid
+the distorted drawing of their brilliant glass, their irregularities in
+architectural design, the irreverence of their carving, and the
+conventionalism of their monumental sculpture.
+
+C. T.
+
+I agree with C. T. in thinking that the usual recumbent figure on mediæval
+tombs was intended to represent a dead body, and more particularly to
+represent the body as it had lain in state, or had been borne to the grave;
+and I will add one or two additional reasons for this opinion. In the
+description in Speed, of the intended monument of Henry VIII., taken from a
+MS. given to Speed by that industrious herald master, Charles Lancaster,
+the following direction occurs:--
+
+    "Item, upon the same basement shall be made two tombes of blacke touch,
+    that is to say, on either side one, and upon the said tombes of blacke
+    touch shall be made the image of the King and Queen, on both sides, not
+    as death [dead], but as persons sleeping, because to shewe that famous
+    princes leaving behind them great fame never doe die, and shall be in
+    royall apparels after the antique manner."--Speed's _Hist. of Great
+    Brit._, p. 1037. ed. 1632.
+
+The distinction here taken between a dead and a sleeping figure, and the
+reason assigned for the latter, show, I think, that at that time a
+recumbent figure generally was supposed to represent death. In a monument
+of Sir Roger Aston, at Cranford, Middlesex, in Lysons' _Environs of
+London_, the knight and his two wives are represented praying, and by the
+side of the knight _lies_ the infant son who had died in his lifetime. In
+the monument of Pope Innocent VIII. (Pistolesi, _Il Vaticano_, vol. i.
+plate 63.), the Pope is in one part represented in a living action, and in
+another as lying on his tomb, and from the contrast which would thus be
+afforded between life and death, the latter representation seems to
+indicate death.
+
+The hands raised in prayer are accounted for by C. T. Open eyes, I think,
+may be intended to express, by their direction towards heaven, the hope in
+which the deceased died. This is suggested by the description of the
+funeral car of Henry V.
+
+    "Preparations were made to convey the body of Henry from Rouen to
+    England. It was placed within a car, on which reclined his figure made
+    of boiled leather, elegantly painted. A rich crown of gold was on its
+    head. The right hand held a sceptre, and the left a golden ball. _The
+    face seemed to contemplate the heavens._"--Turner's _Hist. of Eng._,
+    vol. ii. p. 465.
+
+I must, however, add that on referring to Monstrelet, I doubt whether
+Turner does not go too far in this last particular. Monstrelet merely says,
+"le visage vers le ciel." (Monst. _Chron._ vol. i. 325. ed. 1595.) Speed
+adds an additional circumstance: "The body (of this figure) was clothed
+with a purple roabe furred with ermine." From the mutilated state of the
+tomb it is impossible to say how far the recumbent effigy resembled this
+boiled figure, but it is evidently just such a representation of the king
+as might have been laid on his tomb, and so far it tends to support the
+opinion that the effigy on a tomb represents the deceased as he had lain in
+state, or was borne to and placed in his tomb, an opinion fully borne out
+by the agreement which, in some cases, has been found to exist between the
+effigy on a tomb and the body discovered within it, or between the effigy
+and the description of the body as it had lain in state. See the tombs of
+King {588} John, Robert Lord Hungerford, and Henry II., in Stothard's
+_Monumental Effigies of Great Britain_, and the Introduction to that work.
+
+I think it is not irrelevant to remark that at a very early period a
+recumbent figure was sometimes placed on a tomb as in a state of death. The
+recumbent Etruscan figures generally represent a state of repose or of
+sensual enjoyment; but there is one given by Micali (_Monumenti inediti a
+Illustrazione degli Antichi Popoli Italiani_, Tav. 48. p. 303.), which is,
+undoubtedly, that of a dead person. In his description of it, Micali says,
+"On the first view of it one would say it was a sepulchral monument of the
+Middle Ages, so greatly does it resemble one." Mrs. Gray, too (_Tour to the
+Sepulchres of Etruria_, p. 264.), mentions a sepulchral urn, "very large,
+with a woman robed, and with a dog upon it, exactly like an English
+monument of the Middle Ages." If it were not for the dog, I should suppose
+this to be the one given by Micali. Though it may be too much to suppose
+that this form of representation may have been not uncommon, and may have
+passed into early Christian monuments, the instance in Micali at least
+shows that the idea of representing a dead body on a tomb is a very ancient
+one. It may be added, perhaps, that it is an obvious one.
+
+Though the reasons for thinking that the ordinary mediæval figure
+represents death may not be conclusive, still that opinion is, I think,
+entitled to be looked upon as the more probable one, until some
+satisfactory reason is given why a _living_ person should be represented
+outstretched, and lying on his back--a position, as it seems to me, more
+inconsistent with life than the open eyes and hands joined in prayer are
+with death. For too much weight is not to be attached to slight
+inconsistencies. These would probably be disregarded for the sake of
+expressing some favourite idea or sentiment. Thus, in the proposed monument
+of Henry VIII., though the king and queen are directed to be represented as
+living, their souls are to be represented in the hand of "the Father."
+
+In modern tombs the mediæval idea has been entirely departed from, and the
+recumbent position sometimes expresses neither death, nor even sleep, but
+simple repose, or contemplation, resignation, hope, &c. If it is proper or
+desirable to express these or other sentiments in a recumbent figure, it
+seems unreasonable to exclude them for the sake of a rigid adherence to a
+form, of which the import is either obscure, or, if rightly conjectured,
+has, by the change of customs, become idle and unmeaning.
+
+F. S. B. E.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ROGER ASCHAM AND HIS LETTERS.
+
+To the epistles of Roger Ascham, given in Elstob's edition, have since been
+added several to Raven and others[1], two to Cecil[2], and several to Mrs.
+Astley, Bp. Gardiner, Sir Thos. Smith, Mr. Callibut, Sir W. Pawlett, Queen
+Elizabeth, the Earl of Leicester, and Mr. C. H.[owe].[3] Some of your
+correspondents will, doubtless, be able farther to enlarge this list of
+printed letters.
+
+In a MS. volume, once belonging to Bp. Moore, now in the University
+Library, Cambridge, is a volume of transcripts[4], containing, amongst
+other documents, letters from Ascham to Petre[5] and to Cecil; one (p. 44.)
+"written by R. A., for a gent to a gentlewoman, in waie of marriage," and
+one to the B. of W.[inchester], which, though without a signature, is
+certainly Ascham's. In another MS. volume, in the same collection (Ee. v.
+23.), are copies of Ascham's letter to his wife on the death of their
+child[6], and of a letter to Mr. Richard Goodrich. Lastly, Ascham's College
+(St. John's) possesses his original letter to Cardinal Pole, written on the
+fly-leaf of a copy of Osorius _De nobilitate civili_[7]; and also the
+original MS. of the translation of Oecumenius, accompanied by a Latin
+letter to Seton.[8]
+
+These unpublished letters will shortly be printed for the Cambridge
+Antiquarian Society. Early information respecting any other MS. works of
+Ascham, or collations of his published letters with the originals, will be
+thankfully acknowledged.
+
+J. E. B. MAYOR.
+
+St. John's College, Cambridge.
+
+P. S.--I may add that we have at St. John's a {589} copy of Ascham's
+Letters (ed. Elstob), with many dates and corrections in Baker's hand.
+There may be something new in Kennett's biographical notice of Ascham
+(Lansdowne MSS. 981. art. 41.)
+
+[Footnote 1: In _The English Works of Roger Ascham_, London, 1815, 8vo.:
+this edition is reprinted from Bennet's, with additions. Bennet took these
+letters from Baker's extracts (in his MSS. xiii. 275-295., now in the
+Harleian Collection), "from originals in Mr. Strype's hands." One letter is
+more fully given by Mr. Tytler, _England under Edward VI. and Mary_, vol.
+ii. p. 124.]
+
+[Footnote 2: In Sir H. Ellis's _Letters of Eminent Literary Men_, Camden
+Soc. Nos. 4 and 5. Correcter copies than had before appeared from the
+Lansdowne MSS.]
+
+[Footnote 3: Most incorrectly printed in Whitaker's _History of
+Richmondshire_, vol. i. p. 270. seq. The letters themselves are highly
+important and curious.]
+
+[Footnote 4: Dd. ix. 14. Some of the letters are transcribed by Baker, MSS.
+xxxii. p. 520. seq.]
+
+[Footnote 5: This letter has many sentences in common with that to
+Gardiner, of the date Jan. 18 [1554], printed by Whitaker (p. 271. seq.)]
+
+[Footnote 6: Whitaker, who prints this (p. 289. seq.) says that it had been
+printed before. Where?]
+
+[Footnote 7: This, I believe, unpublished letter is referred to by Osorius,
+in a letter to Ascham (_Aschami Epistolæ_, p. 397.: Oxon. 1703).]
+
+[Footnote 8: Both of these have been printed, the letter in _Aschami
+Epistolæ_, lib. i. ep. 4. p. 68. seq. Compare on the commentary, ibid. pp.
+70. and 209.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Symbolism in Raphael's Pictures._--In some of the most beautiful pictures
+of "The Virgin and Child" of Raphael, and other old masters, our Lord is
+represented with His right foot placed upon the right foot of the blessed
+Virgin. What is the symbolism of this position? In the Church of Rome, the
+God-parent at Holy Confirmation is, if I remember right, directed by a
+rubric to place his or her right foot upon the right foot of the person
+confirmed. Is this ceremony at all connected with the symbolism I have
+noticed?
+
+WM. FRASER, B.C.L.
+
+"_Obtains._"--Every one must have observed the frequent recurrence of this
+word, more especially those whose study is the law: "This practice on that
+principle _obtains_." How did the word acquire the meaning given to it in
+such a sentence?
+
+Y. S. M.
+
+_Army Lists for Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries._--Where are they to
+be found? Not at the Horse Guards, as the records there go back only to
+1795. I want particulars of many officers in both centuries; some of them
+who came to Ireland temp. Charles I., and during Cromwell's Protectorate,
+and others early in the last century.
+
+Y. S. M.
+
+_Anonymous Poet._--
+
+    "It is not to the people of the west of Scotland that the energetic
+    reproach of the poet can apply. I allude to the passage in which he
+    speaks of--
+
+     'All Scotia's weary days of civil strife--
+      When the poor Whig was lavish of his life,
+      And bought, stern rushing upon Clavers' spears,
+      The freedom and the scorn of after years.'"
+          _Peter's Letters to his Kinsfolk_, vol. iii. p. 263. Edin. 1819.
+
+Who is "the poet?"
+
+ANON.
+
+_John Bale._--Strype, in his _Life of Parker_, book iv. sec. 3. p. 539.
+edit. 1711, speaking of Bale, says: "He set himself to search many
+libraries in Oxford, Cambridge," &c.
+
+Bale himself, in the list of his own writings, enumerates "ex diversis
+bibliothecis."
+
+Did this piece contain any account of his researches in libraries alluded
+to? If so, has it ever been published? Tanner makes no mention of it in his
+_Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica_.
+
+H. F. S.
+
+Cambridge.
+
+_A short Sermon._--In an essay on Benevolence, by the Rev. David Simpson of
+Macclesfield, it is reported of Dean Swift, that he once delivered in his
+trite and laconic manner the following short sermon, in advocating the
+cause of a charitable institution, the text and discourse containing
+thirty-four words only:
+
+    "He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth unto the Lord, and that which
+    he hath given will He pay him again. Now, my brethren, if you like the
+    security, down with your money."
+
+When and where did this occur, and what was the result?
+
+HENRY EDWARDS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Quakers' Calendar._--What month would the Quakers mean by "12th month," a
+century and a half since?
+
+D.
+
+    [Before the statute 24 Geo. II., for altering the Calendar in Great
+    Britain, the Quakers began their year on the 25th of March, which they
+    called the _first_ month; but at the yearly meeting for Sufferings in
+    London, Oct. 1751, a Committee was appointed to consider what advice
+    might be necessary to be given to the Friends in relation to the
+    statute in question. The opinion of the Committee was, "That in all the
+    records and writings of Friends from and after the last day of the
+    month, called December, next, the computation of time established by
+    the said act should be observed; and that, accordingly, the first day
+    of the eleventh month, commonly called January, next, should be
+    reckoned and deemed by Friends the first day of the _first_ month of
+    the year 1752." Consequently the twelfth month, a century and a half
+    since, would be _February_. See Nicolas's _Chronology_, p. 169.]
+
+"_Rodondo, or the State Jugglers._"--Who was the author of this political
+squib, three cantos, 1763-70; reproduced in _Ruddiman's Collection_,
+Edinburgh, 1785? In my copy I have written Hugh Dalrymple, but know not
+upon what authority. It is noticed in the _Scots Mag._, vol. xxv., where it
+is ascribed to "a Caledonian, who has laid about him so well as to
+vindicate his country from the imputation of the _North Briton_, that there
+is neither wit nor humour on the other side the Tweed."
+
+J. O.
+
+    [A copy of this work in the British Museum contains the following MS.
+    entry: "The author of the three Cantos of _Rodondo_ was Hugh Dalrymple,
+    Esq. He also wrote _Woodstock_, an elegy reprinted in Pearch's
+    _Collection of Poems_. At the time of his death he was Attorney-General
+    for the Grenades, where he died, March 9, 1774. His daughter married
+    Dr., afterwards Sir John Elliott, from whom she was divorced, and
+    became a celebrated courtezan."]
+
+_Rathlin Island._--Has any detailed account of this island, which is
+frequently called Rahery, {590} and is a few miles from the northern coast
+of Ireland, appeared in print? The locality is most interesting in many
+particulars, historical and geological, and might therefore be made the
+subject of an instructive paper. A brief account was inserted, I think, a
+few years ago in an English periodical.
+
+ABHBA.
+
+    [An interesting and detailed account of this island, which he calls
+    Raghery, is given in Hamilton's _Letters concerning the Northern Coast
+    of the County of Antrim_, 1790, 8vo., pp. 13-33. Consult also Lewis's
+    _Topographical History of Ireland_, vol. ii. p. 501.]
+
+_Parochial Registers._--When and where were parochial registers first
+established? The earliest extant at the present day?
+
+ABHBA.
+
+    [We fear our correspondent has not consulted that useful and amusing
+    work, Burn's _History of Parish Registers in England, also of the
+    Registers of Scotland, Ireland, the East and West Indies, the Fleet,
+    King's Bench, Mint, Chapel Royal, &c._, 8vo. 1829, which contains a
+    curious collection of miscellaneous particulars concerning them.]
+
+_"Trevelyan," &c._--Who was the author of two novels, published about
+twenty years ago, called _A Marriage in High Life_ and _Trevelyan_: the
+latter the later of the two?
+
+UNEDA.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+    [These works are by the Hon. Caroline Lucy Scott, at present residing
+    at Petersham, in Surrey.]
+
+_Grammar School of St. Mary de Crypt, Gloucester._--Can you give me the
+name of the master of the Grammar School of St. Mary de Crypt in 1728?
+
+SIGMA (1).
+
+    [Daniel Bond, B.A., was elected master March 25, 1724, and was also
+    vicar of Leigh. He died in 1750.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+CRANMER'S MARTYRDOM.
+
+(Vol. ix., pp. 392. 547.)
+
+I thank G. W. R. for his courteous remarks on my note on Cranmer. Perhaps I
+have overstated the effect of pain on the nervous system; certainly I was
+wrong in making a wider assertion than was required by my case, which is,
+that no man could hold his hand over unconfined flame till it was "entirely
+consumed" or "burnt to a coal." "Bruslée à feu de souphre" does not go so
+far as that, nor is it said at what time of the burning Ravaillac raised
+his head to look at his hand.
+
+J. H. has mistaken my intention. I have always carefully avoided everything
+which tended to religious or moral controversy in "N. & Q." I treated
+Cranmer's case on physiological grounds only. I did not look for
+"cotemporaneous evidence against that usually received," any more than I
+should for such evidence that St. Denis did not walk from Paris to
+Montmartre with his head in his hand. If either case is called a miracle, I
+have nothing to say upon it _here_; and for the same reason that I avoid
+such discussion, I add, that in not noticing J. H.'s opinions on Cranmer, I
+must not be understood as assenting to or differing from them. J. H. says:
+
+    "It would surely be easy to produce facts of almost every week from the
+    evidence given in coroners' inquests, in which persons have had their
+    limbs burnt off--to say nothing of farther injury--without the shock
+    producing death."
+
+If favoured with one such fact, I will do my best to inquire into it. None
+such has fallen within my observation or reading.
+
+The heart remaining "entire and unconsumed among the ashes," is a minor
+point. It does not seem impossible to J. H., "in its plain and obvious
+meaning." Do the words admit two meanings? Burnet says:
+
+    "But it was no small matter of astonishment to find his heart entire,
+    and not consumed among the ashes; which, though the reformed would not
+    carry so far as to make a miracle of it, and a clear proof that his
+    heart had continued true, though his hand had erred; yet they objected
+    it to the Papists, that it was certainly such a thing, that if it had
+    fallen out in any of their church, they had made it a miracle."--Vol.
+    ii. p. 429.
+
+H. B. C.
+
+U. U. Club.
+
+Permit me to offer to H. B. C.'s consideration the case of Mutius Scævola,
+who, failing in his attempt to kill Porsenna in his own camp, and being
+taken before the king, thrust his right hand into the fire, and held it
+there until burnt; at the same time declaring that he knew three hundred
+men who would not flinch from doing the same thing. To a certain extent, I
+am inclined to think with ALFRED GATTY (Vol. ix., p. 246.), "that an
+exalted state of feeling may be attained;" which, though it will not render
+the religious or political martyr insensible to pain, it will yet nerve him
+to go through his martyrdom without demonstration of extreme suffering.
+
+This ability to endure pain may be accounted for in either of the following
+ways:
+
+1. An exalted state of feeling; instance Joan of Arc.
+
+2. Fortitude; instance Mutius Scævola.
+
+3. Nervous insensibility; which carries the vanquished American Indian
+through the most exquisite tortures, and enables him to fall asleep on the
+least respite of his agony.
+
+Should these three be united in one individual, it is needless to say that
+he could undergo any bodily pain without a murmur.
+
+JOHN P. STILWELL.
+
+{591}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+COLERIDGE'S UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS.
+
+(Vol. ix., pp. 496. 543.)
+
+Every admirer of Coleridge's writings must feel, as I do, grateful to MR.
+GREEN for the detailed account he has rendered of the manuscripts committed
+to his care. A few points, however, in his reply call for a rejoinder on my
+part. I will be as brief as possible.
+
+I never doubted for an instant that, had I "sought a private explanation of
+the matters" comprised in my Note, MR. GREEN would have courteously
+responded to the application. This is just what I did _not_ want: a public
+explanation was what I desired. "N. & Q." (Vol. iv., p. 411.; Vol. vi., p.
+533.; Vol. viii., p. 43.) will bear witness to the fact that the public
+required to know the reason why works of Coleridge, presumed to exist in
+manuscript, were still withheld from publication: and I utterly deny the
+justice of MR. GREEN's allegation, that because I have _explicitly_ stated
+the charge _implied_ by Mr. Alsop (the editor of _Letters, Conversations,
+and Recollections of Coleridge_) in his strictures, I have made an
+inconsiderate, not to say a coarse, attack upon him (MR. GREEN). When a
+long series of appeals to the fortunate possessor of the Coleridge
+manuscripts (whoever he might turn out to be) had been met with silent
+indifference, I felt that the time was come to address an appeal personally
+to MR. GREEN himself. That he has acted with the approbation of Coleridge's
+family, nobody can doubt; for the public (thanks to Mr. Alsop) know too
+well how little the greatest of modern philosophers was indebted to that
+family in his lifetime, to attach much importance to their approbation or
+disapprobation.
+
+No believer in the philosophy of Coleridge can look with greater anxiety
+than I do for the forthcoming work of MR. GREEN. That the pupil of
+Coleridge, and the author of _Vital Dynamics_, will worthily acquit himself
+in this great field, who can question? But I, for one, must enter my
+protest against the publication of MR. GREEN's book being made the pretext
+of depriving the public of their right (may I say?) to the perusal of such
+works as do exist in manuscript, finished or unfinished. Again I beg most
+respectfully to urge on MR. GREEN the expediency, not to say paramount
+duty, of his giving to the world _intact_ the _Logic_ (consisting of the
+_Canon_ and other parts), the _Cosmogony_, and, as far as possible, the
+_History of Philosophy_. If his plea, that these works are not in a
+finished state, had been heretofore held good in bar of publication, we
+should probably have lost the inestimable privilege of reading and
+possessing those fragmentary works of the great philosopher which have
+already been made public.
+
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LIFE.
+
+(Vol. vii., pp. 429. 560. 608.; Vol. viii., pp. 43. 550.)
+
+Your correspondent H. C. K. (Vol. vii., 560.) quotes a passage from Sir
+Thomas Browne's _Religio Medici_, sect. xlii. The following passage from
+the same writer's _Christian Morals_ is much more to the point:
+
+    "When the Stoic said ('Vitam nemo acciperet, si daretur
+    scientibus'--_Seneca_) that life would not be accepted if it were
+    offered unto such as knew it, he spoke too meanly of that state of
+    being which placeth us in the form of men. It more depreciates the
+    value of this life, that _men would not live it over again_; for
+    although they would still live on, yet _few or none can endure to think
+    of being twice the same men upon earth, and some had rather never have
+    lived than to tread over their days once more_. Cicero, in a prosperous
+    state, had not the patience to think of beginning in a cradle again.
+    ('Si quis Deus mihi largiatur, ut repuerascam et in cunis vagiam, valdè
+    recusem.'--_De Senectute._) Job would not only curse the day of his
+    nativity, but also of his renascency, if he were to act over his
+    disasters and the miseries of the dunghill. But the greatest
+    underweening of this life is to undervalue that unto which this is but
+    exordial, or a passage leading unto it. The great advantage of this
+    mean life is thereby to stand in a capacity of a better; for the
+    colonies of heaven must be drawn from earth, and the sons of the first
+    Adam are only heirs unto the second. Thus Adam came into this world
+    with the power also of another; not only to replenish the earth, but
+    the everlasting mansions of heaven."--Part III. sect. xxv.
+
+ "Looking back we see the dreadful train
+  Of woes anew, which, were we to sustain,
+  We should refuse to tread the path again."
+                  Prior's _Solomon_, b. iii.
+
+The crown is won by the cross, the victor's wreath in the battle of life:
+
+    "This is the condition of the battle[9] which man that is born upon the
+    earth shall fight. That if he be overcome he shall suffer as thou hast
+    said, but if he get the victory, he shall receive the thing that I
+    say."--2 _Esdr._ vii. 57.
+
+Our grade in the other world is determined by our probation here. To use a
+simile of Asgill's, this life of time is a university in which we take our
+degree for eternity. Heaven is a pyramid, or ever-ascending scale; the
+world of evil is an inverted pyramid, or ever-descending scale. Life is
+motion. There is no such thing as stagnation: everything is either
+advancing or retrograding. Corruption itself is an activity, and evil is
+ever growing. According to the _habits_ formed within us, we are ascending
+or descending; we cannot stand still.
+
+A man, then, in whom the higher life predominates, were he to live life
+over again, would {592} grow from grace to grace, and his status in the
+spirit world would be higher than in the first life, and _vice versâ_; an
+evil man[10] would be more completely evil, and would rank in a darker and
+more bestial form. They who hear not the good tidings will not be persuaded
+though one rose from the dead; and those with whom the experience of one
+life failed would not repent in the second.
+
+The testimony of the Shunamite's son, Lazarus, and of those who rose from
+the dead at the crucifixion, is not recorded; but they who have escaped
+from the jaws of death, by recovery from sickness or preservation from
+danger, may in a certain sense be said to live life over again. After the
+fright is over the warning in most cases loses its influence, and we have a
+verification of the two proverbs, "Out of sight out of mind," and--
+
+ "The devil was sick, the devil a monk would be;
+  The devil was well, the devil a monk would he."
+
+In a word, this experiment of a second life would best succeed with him
+whose habits are formed for good, and whose life is already overshadowed by
+the divine life. Even of such an one it might be said, "Man is frail, the
+battle is sore, and the flesh is weak; even a good man may fall and become
+a castaway." The most unceasing circumspection is ever requisite. The most
+polished steel rusts in this corrosive atmosphere, and purest metals get
+discoloured.
+
+Finally, it is very probable that God gives every man a complete probation;
+that is to say, He cuts not man's thread of life till he be at the same
+side of the line he should be were he to live myriads of years. Every man
+is made up of a mixture of good and evil: these two principles never become
+soluble together, but ever tend each to eliminate the other. They hurry on
+in circles, alternately intersecting and gaining the ascendancy, till one
+is at last precipitated to the bottom, and pure good or evil remains. In
+the nature of things there are critical moments and tides of circumstances
+which become turning-points when time merges into eternity and mutability
+into permanence: and such a crisis may occur in the course of a short life
+as well as in many lives lived over again.
+
+EIRIONNACH.
+
+[Footnote 9:
+
+ "A field of battle is this mortal life!"
+                  _Young_, N. viii.
+
+[Footnote 10: See a recent novel by Frederick Souillet, entitled _Si
+Jeunesse savait, Si Vieillesse pouvait_.]
+
+_Life and Death_ (Vol. ix., p. 481.).--The following is on a monument at
+Lowestoft, co. Suffolk, to the memory of John, son of John and Anne Wilde,
+who died February 9, 1714, aged five years and six months:
+
+ "Quem Dii amant moritur Juvenis."
+
+SIGMA.
+
+The following may be added to the parallel passages collected by
+EIRIONNACH. Chateaubriand says, in his _Memoirs_, that the greatest
+misfortune which can happen to a man is to be born, and the next greatest
+is to have a child. As Chateaubriand had no children, the most natural
+comment on the last branch of his remark is "sour grapes."
+
+UNEDA.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+INSCRIPTIONS ON BELLS.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 109.)
+
+_St. Nicholas Church, Sidmouth._--Having, on October 21, 1850, taken
+intaglios in pressing-wax of the inscription forwarded by MR. GORDON, from
+which plaster casts were made, the writer is able to speak of it with some
+degree of confidence. The inscription, however, is not peculiar to
+Sidmouth: it is found at other places in the county of Devon, and perhaps
+elsewhere. In Harvey's _Sidmouth Directory_ for March, 1851, there is an
+article descriptive of all the six bells at this place, in which there is a
+fac-simile, engraved on wood, of the inscription in question. The words run
+all round the bell; and each word is placed on a cartouche. The Rev. Dr.
+Oliver of Exeter, in his communication to the writer on this subject, calls
+the bell the "Jesus Bell." The _Directory_ observes:
+
+    "It was formerly the practice to christen bells with ceremonies similar
+    to, but even more solemn than, those attending the naming of children;
+    and they were frequently dedicated to Christ (as this is), to the
+    Virgin, or some saint."
+
+Dr. Oliver to the writer says:
+
+    "I have met with it at Whitstone, near this city [Exeter], at East
+    Teignmouth, &c.; _michi_ for _mihi_; [ihc (black-letter)], the
+    abbreviation for Jesus. Very often the word _veneratum_ occurs instead
+    of _amatum_, and _illud_ instead of _istud_."
+
+The [ihc (black-letter)] stands thus: [=i]h[=c]. The _Directory_, on this
+abbreviated word, remarks,--
+
+    "The IHS, as an abbreviation for Jesus, is a blunder. Casley, in his
+    _Catalogue of the King's MSS._, observes, p. 23., that 'in Latin MSS.
+    the Greek letters of the word Christus, as also Jesus, are always
+    retained, except that the terminations are changed according to the
+    Latin language. Jesus is written [=IHS], or in small characters ihs,
+    which is the Greek [Greek: [=IÊS]] or [Greek: [=iês]], an
+    abbreviation for [Greek: iêsous]. However, the scribes knew nothing of
+    this for a thousand years before the invention of printing, for if they
+    had they would not have written [=ihs] for [Greek: iêsous]; but they
+    ignorantly copied after one another such letters as they found put for
+    these words. Nay, at length they pretended to find _Jesus Hominum
+    Salvator_ comprehended in the word [=IHS], which is another proof that
+    they took the middle letter for _h_, not [eta]. The dash also over the
+    word, which is a sign of abbreviation, some have changed to the sign of
+    the cross' [Hone's _Mysteries_, p. 282.]. The old way of {593} spelling
+    Jhesus with an _h_ may perhaps be referred to the same mistake. The
+    inscription, then, runs thus:
+
+    [Est mihi collatum Jesus istud nomen amatum],
+
+    which may be rendered, Jesus, that beloved name, is given to me. The
+    bell bears no date, but is of course older than the period of the
+    Reformation. But it remains to be observed that the last letter of the
+    three is not an _s_ but a c. It seems that in the old Greek
+    inscriptions the substitution of the _c_ for the _s_ was common.
+    Several examples are given in Horne's Introduction, vol. ii. pt. 1. ch.
+    iii. sect. 2., but we have not room to quote them. Suffice it to say
+    that at p. 100., in speaking of the MSS. of the Codex Vaticanus, he
+    says, 'The abbreviations are few, being confined chiefly to those words
+    which are in general abbreviated, such as [theta]C, KC, IC, XC, for
+    [Greek: Theos], [Greek: Kurios], [Greek: Iêsous], [Greek: Christos],
+    _God_, _Lord_, _Jesus_, _Christ_.' At the end of these words, in the
+    abbreviations, the _c_ is used for the _s_.--_Peter._"
+
+This fourth bell is the oldest in the tower. The third, dated 1667, has
+quite a modern appearance as compared with it. The second, fifth, and sixth
+are all dated 1708, and the first, or smallest, was added in 1824.
+
+PETER ORLANDO HUTCHINSON.
+
+Sidmouth.
+
+An appropriate inscription is to be found on the bell of St. John's
+Cathedral in this colony, date London, 1845. It is in the words of St.
+Paul's mission, Acts xxii. 21.: "I will send thee far hence unto the
+Gentiles."
+
+W. T. M.
+
+Hong Kong.
+
+Here is a modern achievement in this kind of literature. It exists on one
+of the eight bells belonging to the church tower of Pilton, Devon:
+
+ "Recast by John Taylor and Son,
+  Who the best prize for church bells won
+  At the Great Ex-hi-bi-ti-on
+  In London, 1--8--5 and 1."
+
+R. W. C.
+
+I continue (from Vol. viii., p. 248.) my Notes of inscriptions on bells.
+
+Mathon, Worcestershire. A peal of six bells:
+
+  1. "Peace and good neighbourhood."
+
+  2. "Glory to God."
+
+  3. "Fear God and honour the King."
+
+  4. "God preserve our Church and State."
+
+  5. "Prosperity to the town."
+
+  6. "The living to the church I call,
+      And to the grave do summon all."
+
+Bromsgrove, Worcestershire. Ten bells; the inscriptions on two are as
+follows, the rest merely bearing the names of churchwardens, &c.:
+
+  5. "God prosper the parish. A. R. 1701."
+
+  10. "I to the church the living call,
+       And to the grave do summon all. 1773."
+
+The latter seems to be a favourite inscription. The REV. W. S. SIMPSON
+mentions it (Vol. viii., p. 448.) on a bell in one of the Oxfordshire
+churches.
+
+Fotheringay, Northamptonshire. Four bells:
+
+  1. "Thomas Norris made me. 1634."
+
+  2. "Domini laudem, 1614, non verbo sed voce resonabo."
+
+The two others respectively bear the dates 1609, 1595, with the initials of
+the rector and churchwarden, and (on the fourth bell) the words "Praise
+God." On a recent visit to this church I copied the following inscription
+from a bell, which, being cracked, is no longer used, and is now placed
+within the nave of the church. This bell is not mentioned by Archdeacon
+Bonney in his _Historic Notices of Fotheringay_, though he gives the
+inscriptions on the four others.
+
+    "Non clamor sed amor cantat in aure Dei. A. M. R. R. W. W. I. L. 1602."
+
+The inscription is in Lombardic characters. MR. SIMPSON notes the same at
+Girton, Cambridgeshire (Vol. viii., p. 108.).
+
+Godmanchester, Hunts. Eight bells:
+
+  1. "Thomas Osborn, Downham, _fecit_, 1794.
+      Intactum sillo. Percute dulce cano."
+
+  4. "T. Osborn  {Our voices shall with joyful sound}
+      _fecit_.   {Make hills and valleys echo round.} 1794."
+
+  8. "Rev. Castel Sherard, rector; Jno. Martin, Robert Waller, bailiffs;
+      John Scott, Richard Mills, churchwardens; T. Osborn _fecit_. 1794."
+
+Morborne, Hunts. Two bells:
+
+  1. "Cum voco ad ecclesiam, venite."
+
+  2. "Henry Penn _fusore_. 1712."
+
+Stilton, Hunts. Two bells:
+
+  1. "Thomas Norris made me. 1689."
+
+CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
+
+At Bedale, in Yorkshire, is a bell weighing by estimation twenty-six
+hundredweight, which is probably of the same date, or nearly so, as the
+Dyrham bell. It measures four feet two inches and a half across the lip,
+and has the following inscription round the crown:
+
+    "[+] IOU : EGO : CUM : FIAM : CRUCE : CUSTOS : LAUDO : MARIAM : DIGNA :
+    DEI : LAUDE : MATER : DIGNISSIMA : GAUDE;"
+
+the commencement of which I do not understand. There are five smaller bells
+belonging to the peal at Bedale, and a prayer bell. They bear inscriptions
+in the following order:
+
+The prayer bell:
+
+ "Voco. Veni. Precare. 1713."
+                         S.S.
+
+{594}
+
+The first, or lightest of the peal:
+
+ "Gloria in excelsis Deo. 1755. Edw^d Place, rector;
+                             E.
+                          Seller,
+                           Ebor.
+  Jn^o Pullein, churchwarden."
+
+The second:
+
+ "Iesus be ovr speed. P. S., T. W., H. S., I. W., M. W. 1664."
+
+The third:
+
+ "Deo Gloria pxa Hominibus. 1627."
+
+The fourth:
+
+ "Jesus be our speed. 1625."
+
+The fifth:
+
+ "Soli Deo Gloria Pax Hominibus. 1631."
+
+The letters P. S., on the second bell, are the initials of Dr. Peter
+Samwaies, who died April 5, 1693, having been thirty-one years rector of
+Bedale.
+
+On the fly-leaf of one of the later registers at Hornby, near Bedale, is
+written the following memorandum:
+
+    "Inscription on the third bell at Hornby:
+
+     'When I do ring,
+      God's praises sing;
+      When I do toll,
+      Pray heart and soul.'
+
+    This bell was given to the parish church of Hornby by the Lord Conyers
+    in the reign of Henry VII., but, being broken, was recast by William
+    Lord D'Arcy and Conyers, the second of the name, 1656."
+
+PATONCE.
+
+Charwelton Church, Northants:
+
+  1. Broken to pieces: some fragments in the vestry. On one piece, "Ave
+      Maria."
+
+  2. "Jesus Nazarenus rex Judeorum fili Dei miserere mei. 1630."
+
+  3. appears a collection of Saxon letters put together without connexion.
+
+  4. "Nunquam ad preces cupies ire,
+      Cum sono si non vis venire. 1630."
+
+Heyford Church, Northants:
+
+  1. "God saue the King. 1638."
+
+  2. "Cum cum Praie. 1601."
+
+  3. "Henry Penn made me. 1704.
+      John Paine, Thmoas [_sic_] Middleton, churchwardens."
+
+  4. "Thomas Morgan, Esquier, gave me
+      To the Church of Heford, frank and free. 1601."
+
+With coat of arms of the Morgans on the side.
+
+Floore Church, Northants:
+
+  1. "Russell of Wooton, near Bedford, made me. 1743.
+      James Phillips, Thomas Clark, churchwardens."
+
+  2. "Cantate Domino cantum novum. 1679."
+
+  3. "Henry Bagley made mee. 1679."
+
+  4. "Matthew Bagley made mee. 1679."
+
+  5. "John Phillips and Robert Bullocke, churchwardens. 1679."
+
+  6. "To the church the living call,
+      And to the grave do summonds [_sic_] all.
+      Russell of Wooton made me,
+      In seventeen hundred and forty-three."
+
+Three coins inserted round the top.
+
+Slapton Church, Northants:
+
+  1. [The Sancte bell] "Richard de Wambis me fesit" [_sic_].
+
+  2. "Xpe audi nos."
+
+  3. "Ultima sum trina campana vocor Katerina."
+
+All in Saxon letters. No dates.
+
+Inscription cut on the frame of Slapton bells:
+
+ "BE . IT . KNO
+  WEN . UN
+  TO . ALL . TH
+  IS . SAME . TH
+  AT . THOMAS
+  COWPER . OF
+  WOODEND .
+  MADE . THIS . FRAME.
+        1634."
+
+Hellidon Church, Northants:
+
+  1. "God save the King. 1635."
+
+  2. "IHS Nazarenus rex Judæorum fili Dei miserere mei. 1635."
+
+  3. "Celorum Christe platiat [_sic_] tibi rex sonus iste. 1615."
+
+  4. Same as 2.
+
+Dodford Church, Northants:
+
+  1. "Matthew Bagley made me. 1679."
+
+  2. "Campana gravida peperit filias. 1674."
+
+  3. "IHS Nazarenus [&c., as before]. 1632."
+
+  4. "Ex Dono Johannis Wyrley Armiger. 1614."
+
+And five coins round the lip.
+
+  5. Inscription same as 3. Date 1626.
+
+  6. Ditto      ditto       Date 1624.
+
+Wappenham Church, Northants:
+
+  1. "Henry Bagley made me. 1664."
+
+  2. "R. T. 1518. [+]"
+
+  3. "Praise the Lord. 1599."
+
+  4. "GOD SAVE KING JAMES. R. A. 1610."
+
+Three coins on lip and bell-founder's arms.
+
+The Sancte bell was recast in 1842, and hangs now in the north window of
+belfry. {595}
+
+Brackley, St. Peter's Church, Northants:
+
+  1. "Jesus Nazarenus [&c., as before]. 1628."
+
+  2. "God save the King. 1628."
+
+  3. Same as 1.
+
+  4. "Celorum Christe platiat [_sic_] tibi rex sonus iste. 1628."
+
+  5. "Cum sono si non vis venire,  }
+      Nunquam ad preces cupies ire } 1628."
+
+Dunton Church, Leicestershire:
+
+  1. "IHS Nazarenus [&c., as before]. 1619."
+
+  2. "Be it knone to all that doth me see,
+      That Clay of Leicester made me.
+      Nick. Harald and John More, churchwardens. 1711."
+
+  3. Same as 1. Date 1621.
+
+Leire Church, Leicestershire:
+
+  1. "Jesus be oure good speed. 1654."
+
+  2. "Henricus Bagley _fecit_. 1675."
+
+  3. "Recast A.D. 1755, John Sleath, C.W.;
+      Tho^s Eyre de Kettering _fecit_."
+
+Frolesworth Church, Leicestershire:
+
+  1. "Jesus Nazarenus [&c., as before]. 1635."
+
+  2. In Old English characters (no date):
+
+     "Dum Rosa precata mundi Maria vocata."
+
+  3. Same as 1.
+
+J. R. M., M.A.
+
+The legend noted from a bell at Sidmouth (Vol. ix., p. 109.), namely,--
+
+ "Est michi collatum
+  Ihc istud nomen amatum,"
+
+is not an unusual inscription on mediæval black-letter bells, if I may use
+the expression. The characters are small. It is on two bells at Teignmouth,
+and is on one of the bells in this tower:
+
+  1. "[+] Voce mea viva depello cuncta nociva."
+
+  2. "[+] Est michi collatum Ihc istud nomen amatum."
+
+  3. "Embrace trew museck."
+
+A correspondent, MR. W. S. SIMPSON (Vol. viii., p. 448.), asks the date of
+the earliest known examples of bells.
+
+Dates on mediæval bells are, I believe, very rare in England. I have but
+few notes of any. My impression is that such bells are as old as the towers
+which contain them, judging from the character of the letter, the wear and
+tear of the iron work, aye, of the bell itself. Many old bells have been
+recast, and on _such_ there is often a record of the date of its prototype.
+For instance, at St. Peter's, Exeter:
+
+ "Ex dono Petri Courtenay," &c., "1484;" "renovat," &c., "1676."
+
+At Chester-le-Street:
+
+ "Thomas Langley dedit," &c., "1409;" "refounded," &c., "1665."
+
+I will add two or three with dates.
+
+Bruton, Somerset:
+
+ "Est Stephanus primus lapidatus gracia plenus. 1528."
+
+At St. Alkmond's, Derby:
+
+ "Ut tuba sic resono, ad templa venite pii. 1586."
+
+At Lympey Stoke, Somerset:
+
+ "W. P., I. A. F. 1596."
+
+Hexham. Old bells taken down 1742:
+
+  1. "Ad primos cantus pulsat nos Rex gloriosus."
+
+  2. "Et cantare ... faciet nos vox Nicholai."
+
+  3. "Est nobis digna Katerine vox benigna."
+
+  4. "Omnibus in Annis est vox Deo grata Johannis.
+                A.D. MCCCCIIII."
+
+  5. "Andrea mi care Johanne consociare.
+                A.D. MCCCCIIII."
+
+  6. "Est mea vox orata dum sim Maria vocata.
+                A.D. MCCCCIIII."
+
+Any earlier dates would be acceptable.
+
+On the Continent bells are usually dated. I will extract, from Roccha _De
+Campanis_, those at St. Peter's at Rome.
+
+The great bell:
+
+   "In nomine Domini, Matris, Petriq., Pauliq.
+    Accipe devotum, parvum licet, accipe munus,
+  Quod tibi Christe dat[=u] Petri, Pauliq. tri[=u]phum,
+    Explicat, et nostram petit, populiq. salutem
+      Ipsorum pietate dari, meritisq. refundi
+          Et verbum caro factum est.
+      Anno milleno trecento cum quinquageno
+    Additis et tribus Septembris mense colatur;
+    Ponderat et millia decies septiesq. librarum."
+
+  2.  "In nomine Patris, et Filii, et Spiritus Sancti. Am[=e].
+        Ad honorem Dei, et Beatæ Mariæ Virginis,
+        Et Beatorum Apostolorum Petri et Pauli,
+                Verbum Caro factum est,
+    Solve jubente Deo terrar[=u] Petre cathenas, qui facis,
+            Ut pateant coelestia Regna beatis,
+                                              M
+      Hæc campana cum alia majore ponderante ---
+                                             XVI.
+  Post consumptionem ignito fulgure, anno precedente
+      imminente, fusa est, anno Domini MCCCLIII.
+  Mense Junii, et ponderat hæc MX et centena librarum.
+                      Amen."
+
+  3.    "Nomine Dominico Patris, prolisq. spirati
+      Ordine tertiam Petri primæ succedere noscant.
+        Per dies paucos quotquot sub nomine dicto
+    Sanctam Ecclesiam colunt in agmine trino. Amen."
+
+    4. "Anno Domini MCCLXXXVIIII. ad honorem Dei, et Beatæ Mariæ Virginis,
+    et Sancti Thomæ Apostoli Tempore Fratris Joannis de Leodio Ministri,
+    factum fuit hoc opus de legato quondam Domini {596} Rikardi Domini Papæ
+    Notarii. Guidottus Pisanus me fecit."
+
+On a small bell:
+
+ "Mentem Sanctam Spontaneam, honorem Deo,
+        Et Patris liberationem.
+    Ave Maria gratia plena Dominus tecum;
+      Benedicta tu in mulieribus
+    Et benedictus fructus ventris tui."
+
+In the Church of St. John Lateran was a bell with a mutilated inscription;
+but the date is plain, 1389. The name of Boniface IX. is on it, who was
+Sum. Pont. in that year.
+
+In the Church of St. Mariæ Majoris were two bells dated anno Dom. 1285; and
+another 1291.
+
+In the Church of the Jesuits was a bell with this inscription, brought from
+England:
+
+ "Facta fuit A. Dom. 1400, Die vi M[=e]sis Sept[=e]bris.
+            Sancta Barbara, ora pro nobis."
+
+Roccha, who published his _Commentary_ 1612, says:
+
+    "In multis Campanis _fit mentio de Anno, in quo facta est Campana_,
+    necnon de ipsius Ecclesiæ Rectore, vel optime merito, et Campanæ
+    artifice, _ut ego ipse vidi Romæ_, ubi præcipuarum Ecclesiarum, et
+    Basilicarum inscriptiones Campanis incisas perlegi."--P. 55.
+
+So that it would appear that the practice of inscribing dates on bells was
+usual on the Continent, though for some reason or other it did not
+generally obtain in England till after the Reformation. I have a Note of
+another foreign bell or two with an early date.
+
+At Strasburg:
+
+ "[+] O Rex gloriæ Christe, veni cum pace! MCCCLXXV. tertio Nonas Augusti."
+
+On another:
+
+ "Vox ego sum vitæ, voco vos, orate, venite. 1461."
+
+On a bell called St. D'Esprit:
+
+ "Anno Dom. MCCCCXXVII mense Julio fusa sum, per
+      Magistrum Joannem Gremp de Argentina.
+  Nuncio festa, metum, nova quædam flebile lethum."
+
+A bell called the Magistrates:
+
+ "Als man zahlt 1475 Jahr
+  War Kaiser Friedrick hier offenbar:
+  Da hat mich Meister Thomas Jost gegossen
+  Dem Rath zu laüten ohnverdrossen."
+
+On another:
+
+ "Nomen Domini sit benedictum. 1806."
+
+I would beg to add a Note of one more early and interesting bell which was
+at Upsala:
+
+ "[+] Anno . Domini . MDXIIII . fusa . est . ista . Campana .
+  in . honorem . Sancti . Erici . Regis . et .
+  Martiris . Rex . erat . Ericus . humilis . devotus .
+  honestus . prudens . V."
+
+What V. means is rather a puzzle.
+
+I fear I have already extended this reply to a length beyond all fair
+limit. I may at some future time (if desirable) send you a long roll of
+legends on mediæval bells without dates, and others of the seventeenth and
+eighteenth centuries, some of a devotional character, and others of the
+style of unseemly and godless epitaphs. But it is to be hoped that in
+these, as in other like matters, a better taste is beginning to
+predominate; and it must be a subject of congratulation that
+
+ "Jam nova progenies coelo demittitur alto."
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+Rectory, Clyst St. George.
+
+In the steeple of Foulden Church, South Greenhoe Hd., Norfolk, are six
+bells with inscriptions as under:
+
+  1. "Thos. Osborn _fecit_. 1802.
+      Peace and good neighbourhood."
+
+  2. "The laws to praise, my voice I raise."
+
+  3. "Thos. Osborn _fecit_, Downham, Norfolk."
+
+  4. "Our voices shall with joyful sound
+      Make hill and valley echo round."
+
+  5. "I to the church the living call,
+      And to the grave I summon all."
+
+  6. "Long live King George the Third.
+      Thomas Osborn _fecit_, 1802."
+
+GODDARD JOHNSON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DE BEAUVOIR PEDIGREE.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 349.)
+
+Your correspondent MR. THOMAS RUSSELL POTTER inquires whether any
+descendants of the De Beauvoirs of Guernsey are still existing. The family
+was, at one time, so numerous in that island that there are few of the
+gentry who cannot claim a De Beauvoir among their ancestors; but the name
+itself became extinct there by the death of Osmond de Beauvoir, Esq., in
+1810. Some few years later, the last of a branch of the family settled in
+England died, leaving a very large property, which was inherited by a Mr.
+Benyon, who assumed the name of De Beauvoir.
+
+The name is also to be found in the Irish baronetcy; a baronet of the name
+of Brown having married the daughter and heiress of the Rev. Peter de
+Beauvoir, the widow I believe of an Admiral McDougal, and thereupon taking
+up his wife's maiden name.
+
+With respect to the pedigree which MR. POTTER quotes, and of which many
+copies exist in this island, it is without doubt one of the most impudent
+forgeries in that way ever perpetrated. From internal evidence, it was
+drawn up at the latter end of the reign of Elizabeth, or at the beginning
+{597} of the reign of James I., as the compiler speaks of Roger, Earl of
+Rutland, as being living. This nobleman succeeded to the title in 1588, and
+died in 1612. The pedigree ends in the Guernsey line with Henry de
+Beauvoir; whom we may therefore presume to have been still alive, or but
+recently deceased; and whose great-grandfather, according to the pedigree,
+was the first of the name in the island. Allowing three generations to a
+century, this would throw back the arrival of the first of the De Beauvoirs
+to some part of the sixteenth century; but we have proof that they were
+settled here long before that time. In an authentic document, preserved
+among the records of the island, the extent of the crown revenues drawn up
+by order of Edward III. in 1331, the names of Pierre and Guillaume de
+Beauvoir are found. Another Pierre de Beauvoir, apparently the
+great-grandson of the above-mentioned Pierre, was Bailiff of Guernsey from
+1470 to 1480. As for the family of Harryes, no such I believe ever existed
+in Guernsey; but a gentleman of the name of Peter Henry, belonging to a
+family of very ancient standing in the island, bought property in Salisbury
+in the year 1551, where the name seems to have been Anglicised to Harrys or
+Harris; as the name of his son Andrew, who was a jurat of the Royal Court
+of Guernsey, appears as often on the records of the island in the one form
+as in the other. One of Peter Henry's or Harris's daughters was married at
+Salisbury to a Henry de Beauvoir; and I have no doubt this is the marriage
+with which the pedigree ends. If I am right, the Harryes' pedigree has no
+more claim to authenticity than the De Beauvoir. If MR. POTTER wishes for
+farther information, and will communicate with me, I shall be happy to
+answer his inquiries as far as I am able.
+
+The pedigree itself, however, suggests two or three Queries which I should
+like to see answered.
+
+The heading is signed Hamlet Sankye or Saukye. Is anything known of such a
+person?
+
+The pedigree speaks of Sir Robert de Beauveir of Tarwell, Knt., _now
+living_. Was there ever a family of the name of De Beauveir, De Beauvoir,
+or Beaver, of Tarwell, in Nottinghamshire? And if there was, what arms did
+they bear?
+
+If there was such a family, was it in any way connected with any of the
+early proprietors of Belvoir Castle?
+
+Is anything known of a family of the name of Harryes or Harris of Orton,
+and what were their arms?
+
+EDGAR MACCULLOCH.
+
+Guernsey.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RIGHT OF REFUGE IN THE CHURCH PORCH.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 325.)
+
+The following entry appears in a Corporation Book of this city, under the
+year 1662:
+
+    "Thomas Corbold, who hath a loathesome disease, have, with his wife and
+    two children, layne in the Porch of St. Peters per Mountegate above one
+    year; it is now ordered by the Court that he be put into some place in
+    the Pest-houses during the pleasure of the Court, untill the
+    Lazar-houses be repaired."
+
+How they were supported during the year does not appear, or if he belonged
+to the parish; nor is it said that it was considered he gained settlement
+on the parish by continuing in the porch one year.
+
+I have heard of similar instances under an idea that any person may lodge
+in a church porch, and are not removable; but I believe it is an erroneous
+idea.
+
+GODDARD JOHNSON.
+
+In proof of the idea being current among the lower orders, that the church
+porch is a place of refuge for any houseless parishioners, I beg to state
+that a poor woman of the adjoining parish of Langford, came the other day
+to ask whether I, as a magistrate, could render her any assistance, as, in
+consequence of her husband's father and mother having gone to America, she
+and her family had become houseless, and were obliged to take up their
+abode in the church porch.
+
+A. S.
+
+West Tofts Rectory, Brandon, Norfolk.
+
+I know an instance where a person found a temporary, but at the same time
+an involuntary, home in a church porch. There was a dispute between the
+parishes of Frodingham and Broughton, co. Lincoln, some twelve months ago,
+as to the settlement of an old woman. She had been living for some time in,
+and had become chargeable to the latter parish, but was said to belong to
+the former. By some means or other the woman's son was induced to convey
+his mother to the parish of Frodingham, which he did; and as he knew quite
+well that the overseer of the parish would not receive her at his hands, he
+adopted the somewhat strange course of leaving her in the church porch,
+where she remained until evening, when the overseer of Frodingham took her
+away, fearing that her life might be in danger from exposure to the cold,
+she being far advanced in years. Until I saw CHEVERELLS' Query, I thought
+the depository of the old woman in the church porch was, so far as the
+_place_ of deposit was concerned, more accidental than designed; but after
+all it may be the remnant of some such custom as that of which he speaks,
+and I, for one, should be glad to see farther inquiry made into it. To
+which of J. H. Parker's _Parochial Tales_ does CHEVERELLS allude?
+
+W. E. HOWLETT.
+
+Kirton-in-Lindsey.
+
+{598}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FERDINAND CHARLES III., DUKE OF PARMA.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 417.)
+
+The late Duke of Parma was not the first lineal representative of the
+Stuarts, as stated by E. S. S. W. Victor Emanuel, King of Sardinia, who
+succeeded in 1802, left by his wife Maria Theresa of Austria four
+daughters. The eldest of these four, Beatrix, born in 1792, married, in
+1812, Francis IV., Duke of Modena, and by him (who died on the 21st of
+January, 1846) had issue two sons and two daughters. The eldest of these
+sons, Francis V., the present reigning Duke of Modena, is therefore the
+person who would be now sitting on the English throne had the Stuarts kept
+the succession. He has no children, I believe, by his wife Adelgonda of
+Bavaria; and the next person in succession would therefore be Dorothea, the
+infant daughter of his deceased brother Victor.
+
+Victor Emanuel's _second_ daughter was Maria Theresa, who married Charles
+Duke of Parma, as stated by E. S. S. W.
+
+The present Countess of Chambord is Maria Theresa Beatrice-Gaëtana, the
+eldest of the two sisters of Francis V., Duke of Modena. She is therefore
+wife of the representative of the House of Bourbon, and sister to the
+representative of the House of Stuart.
+
+S. L. P.
+
+Oxford and Cambridge Club.
+
+Allow me to correct the statement made by your correspondent, that the Duke
+of Parma represented the Royal House of Stuart. The mother of the late Duke
+of Parma had an elder sister, Maria Beatrice, who married Francis IV., late
+Duke of Modena, and upon her death, in 1840, the _representation_ devolved
+upon her son, Francis V., the present Duke of Modena, who was born in 1819.
+
+P. V.
+
+Allow me to remark on the article of E. S. S. W. (Vol. ix., p. 417.)
+respecting the House of Stuart, that he is in error in assigning that
+honour to the late Duke of Parma, and, as a consequence, to his infant son
+and successor, Robert, now Duke of Parma. The late Duke was undoubtedly a
+descendant of Charles I. through his mother; but his mother had an _elder_
+sister, Beatrice, late Duchess of Modena, whose son, Francis V., now Duke
+of Modena, born 1st June, 1819, is the unquestionable heir to the House of
+Stuart, and, as a Jacobite would say, if any such curiosity there be in
+existence, legitimate King of Great Britain and Ireland.
+
+J. REYNELL WREFORD.
+
+Bristol.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Mr. Townsend's Wax-paper Process._--At the last meeting of the
+Photographic Society a paper was read by Mr. Townsend, giving the results
+of a series of experiments instituted by him in reference to the wax-paper
+process. One of the great objections hitherto made to this process has been
+its slowness, as compared with the original calotype process, and its
+various modifications; and another, that its preparation involved some
+complexity of manipulation. Mr. Townsend has simplified the process
+materially, having found that the use of the fluoride and cyanide of
+potassium, as directed by Le Gray, in no way adds to the efficiency of the
+process, either in accelerating or otherwise. The iodide and bromide of
+potassium with free iodine give a paper which produces rapid, sure, and
+clean results. He discards whey, sugar of milk, grape sugar, &c., hitherto
+deemed essential, but which his experience shows to be unnecessary. He
+exhibited three negatives of the same view taken consecutively at eight
+o'clock in the morning, with the respective exposures of thirty seconds,
+two and a half minutes, and ten minutes, each of which was good and
+perfect. The formula he adopts is:
+
+  Iodide of potassium                 600 grs.
+  Bromide of potassium, from   150 to 250  "
+  Re-sublimed iodine                    6  "
+  Distilled water                      40 oz.
+
+The waxed papers are wholly immersed in this solution, and left to soak at
+least two hours, and are then hung to dry in the usual way. The papers are
+made sensitive by wholly immersing them in aceto-nitrate of silver of the
+following proportions:
+
+  Nitrate of silver                 30 grs.
+  Acetic acid                       30 minims.
+  Distilled water                    1 oz.
+
+The papers remaining in this solution not less than eight minutes. They are
+washed in two waters for eight minutes each, and then blotted off in the
+ordinary manner. Mr. Townsend states that there is no need to fear leaving
+the paper in the sensitive bath too long. He has left it in the bath
+fourteen hours without any injury. The paper thus prepared will keep ten or
+twelve days; it may be longer, but his experience does not extend beyond
+that time. With paper thus prepared a portrait was exhibited, taken in
+fifty-five seconds, in a room with a side light; but it must be added, that
+in this instance the paper was not washed, but was blotted off immediately
+on its leaving the sensitive bath, though not used until two hours had
+elapsed. Mr. Townsend uses for developing a saturated solution of gallic
+acid with a drachm of aceto-nitrate to every four ounces of it, but he
+considers that this proportion of aceto-nitrate may be beneficially
+lessened. He finds that by this process he is certain of success, and is
+never troubled with that browning over of the paper which so often attends
+the use of the other methods of preparation. Besides the rapidity of action
+which he states, there is the farther advantage that a lengthened exposure
+is not injurious. The proportion of bromide may vary from 150 grs. to 250
+grs.; less than 150 is not sufficient to produce a maximum of rapidity,
+whilst more than 250 adds nothing to the effect.
+
+_Photographic Litigation._--Will you allow me, through the medium of "N. &
+Q.," to suggest to those who {599} take an interest in the collodion
+process, the desirableness of making a subscription to aid Mr. Henderson in
+his defence against the proceedings commenced by Mr. Talbot, to restrain
+him (and through him, no doubt, all others) from taking collodion
+portraits.[11]
+
+It does not appear just that one person should bear the whole expense of a
+defence in which so many are interested; and I have no doubt that if a
+subscription be set on foot, many photographers will willingly contribute.
+A subscription, besides its material aid to Mr. Henderson, would also serve
+to show that public opinion is opposed to such absurd and unjust attempts
+at monopoly.
+
+It is difficult to imagine how a claim can be established to a right in an
+invention made many years subsequent to the date of the patent under which
+the claim is made--not only made by another person, but differing so widely
+in principle from the patent process. The advertisement in the _Athenæum_
+of Saturday last (June 10) shows plainly that it is intended, if possible,
+to prevent the production of portraits on collodion by any person not
+licensed by Mr. Talbot; and the harshness of this proceeding, after the
+process has been in public use for several years, needs no comment.
+
+H. C. SANDS.
+
+30. Spring Gardens, Bradford.
+
+[Footnote 11: The words of the advertisement are "making _and selling_."]
+
+    [We insert this communication, because we believe it gives expression
+    to a sentiment shared by many. Subscriptions in favour of M. La Roche,
+    whose case stands first for trial, are received by Messrs. Horne and
+    Thornthwaite. Our correspondent does not, however, accurately represent
+    the caution issued by Mr. F. Talbot's solicitors, which is against
+    "making _and selling_" photographic portraits by the collodion process.
+    When giving up his patent to the public, Mr. Fox Talbot reserved "in
+    the hands of his own licensees the application of the invention to the
+    taking photographic portraits for sale," and we have always regretted
+    that Mr. F. Talbot should have made such reservation, founded, as it
+    is, upon a very questionable right.--ED. "N. & Q."]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Vandyking_ (Vol. ix., p. 452.).--Your correspondent P. C. S. S. asks the
+meaning of the term _Vandyking_, in the following passage of a letter from
+Secretary Windebanke to the Lord Deputy Wentworth, dated Westminster, Nov.
+20, 1633, the Lord Deputy being then in Ireland:--
+
+    "Now, my Lord, for my own observations of your carriage since you had
+    the conduct of affairs there [in Ireland], because you press me so
+    earnestly, I shall take the boldness to deliver myself as freely.
+
+    "First, though while we had the happiness and honour to have your
+    assistance here at the Council Board, you made many ill faces with your
+    pen (pardon, I beseech your Lordship, the over free censure of your
+    Vandyking), and worse, oftentimes, with your speeches, especially in
+    the business of the Lord Falconberg, Sir Thomas Gore, Vermuyden, and
+    others; yet I understand you make worse there in Ireland, and there
+    never appeared a worse face under a cork upon a bottle, than your
+    Lordship hath caused some to make in disgorging such church livings as
+    their zeal had eaten up."--_Strafford's Letters_, vol. i. p. 161.
+
+This passage, as well as what follows, is written in a strain of banter,
+and is intended to compliment the great Lord Deputy under the pretence of a
+free censure of his conduct. The first part of the second paragraph
+evidently alludes to Wentworth's habit of drawing faces upon paper when he
+was sitting at the Council Table, and the word _Vandyking_ is used in the
+sense of _portrait-painting_. Vandyck was born in 1599; he visited England
+for a short time in 1620, and in 1632 he came to England permanently, was
+lodged by the king, and knighted; in the following year he received a
+pension of 200l. for life, and the title of painter to his Majesty. It was
+therefore quite natural that Windebanke should, in November, 1633, use the
+term _Vandyking_ as equivalent to _portrait-painting_.
+
+In the latter part of the same paragraph, the allusion is to the wry faces,
+which the speeches of this imperious member of council sometimes caused.
+Can any of your correspondents explain the expression, "a worse face under
+a cork upon a bottle?"
+
+L.
+
+_Monteith_ (Vol. ix., p. 452.).--The Monteith was a kind of punch-bowl
+(sometimes of delf ware) with scallops or indentations in the brim, the
+object of which was to convert it into a convenient tray for bringing in
+the glasses. These were of wine-glass shape, and being placed with the
+brims downwards, and radiating from the centre, and with the handles
+protruding through the indentations in the bowl, were easily carried,
+without much jingling or risk of breakage. Of course the bowl was empty of
+liquor at the time.
+
+P. P.
+
+_A. M. and M. A._ (Vol. ix., p. 475.).--JUVERNA, M. A., is certainly wrong
+in stating that "Masters of Arts of Oxford are styled 'M. A.,' in
+contradistinction to the Masters of Arts in every other university." A. B.,
+A. M., are the proper initials for _Baccalaureus_ and _Magister Artium_,
+and should therefore only be used when the name is in Latin. B.A. and M.A.
+are those for Bachelor and Master of Arts, and are the only ones to be used
+where the name is expressed in English. Thus John Smith, had he taken his
+first degree in Arts at any university, might indicate the fact by signing
+John Smith, B.A., or Johannes S., A.B. If he put John Smith, A.B., a doubt
+might exist whether he were not an _able-bodied_ seaman, for that is
+implied by A.B. attached to an English name. The editor of Farindon's
+_Sermons_, who is, I believe, a Dissenter, styles himself the Reverend T.
+Jackson, S.T.P., _i. e._ Sacrosanctæ Theologiæ {600} Professor. He might as
+well have part of his title in Sanscrit, as part in English and part in
+Latin.
+
+I believe this mistake is made more frequently by graduates of Cambridge
+than by those of Oxford. Indeed, they have now created a new degree, Master
+of Laws, with the initials LL.M. (Legum Magister). But they are usually
+infelicitous in their nomenclature, as witness their _voluntary_
+theological examination, now made _compulsory_ by all the bishops.
+
+E. G. R., M.A.
+
+Cambridge.
+
+_Greek denounced by the Monks_ (Vol. ix., p. 467).--In his _History of the
+Reformation_ (b. I. ch. iii.), D'Aubigné says,--
+
+    "The monks asserted that all heresies arose from those two languages
+    [Greek and Hebrew], and particularly from the Greek. 'The New
+    Testament,' said one of them, 'is a book full of serpents and thorns.
+    Greek,' continued he, 'is a new and recently-invented language, and we
+    must be upon our guard against it. As for Hebrew, my dear brethren, it
+    is certain that all who learn it immediately become Jews.' Heresbach, a
+    friend of Erasmus and a respectable author, reports these expressions."
+
+Had there been more authority, probably D'Aubigné would have quoted it.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+In Lewis's _History of the English Translation of the Bible_, edit. London,
+1818, pp. 54, 55., the following passage occurs:
+
+    "These proceedings for the advancement of learning and knowledge,
+    especially in divine matters, alarmed the ignorant and illiterate
+    monks, insomuch that they declaimed from the pulpits, that 'there was
+    now a _new language_ discovered called Greek, of which people should
+    beware, since it was that which produced all the heresies; that in this
+    language was come forth a book called the _New Testament_, which was
+    now in everybody's hands, and was full of thorns and briers: that there
+    was also another language now started up which they called Hebrew, and
+    that they who learnt it were termed Hebrews.'"
+
+The authority quoted for this statement is Hody, _De Bibliorum Textibus_,
+p. 465.
+
+See also the rebuke administered by Henry VIII. to a preacher who had
+"launched forth against Greek and its new interpreters," in Erasmus,
+_Epp._, p. 347., quoted in D'Aubigné's _Reformation_, book XVIII. 1.
+
+C. W. BINGHAM.
+
+_Caldecott's Translation of the New Testament_ (Vol. viii., p. 410.).--J.
+M. Caldecott, the translator of the New Testament, referred to by your
+correspondent S. A. S., is the son of the late ---- Caldecott, Esq., of
+Rugby Lodge, and was educated at Rugby School, where I believe he obtained
+one or more prizes as a first-class Greek and Hebrew scholar. After
+completing his studies at this school, his father purchased for him a
+commission in the East India Company's service; but soon after his arrival
+in India, conceiving a dislike to the army, he sold his commission and
+returned to England. Being somewhat singular in his notions, and altogether
+eccentric both in manner and appearance, he estranged himself from his
+family and friends, and, as I have been informed, took up his temporary
+abode in this city about the year 1828. Although his income was at that
+time little short of 300l. per annum, he had neither house nor servant of
+his own; but boarded in the house of a respectable tradesman, living on the
+plainest fare (so as he was wont to say), to enable him to give the more to
+feed the hungry and clothe the naked. In this way, and by being frequently
+imposed upon by worthless characters, he gave away, in a few years, nearly
+all his property, leaving himself almost destitute: and, indeed, would have
+been entirely so, but for a weekly allowance made to him by his mother
+(sometime since deceased), on which he is at the present time living in
+great obscurity in one of our large seaport towns; but may be occasionally
+seen in the streets with a long beard, and a broad-brimmed hat, addressing
+a group of idlers and half-naked children. I could furnish your
+correspondent S. A. S. with more information if needful.
+
+T. J.
+
+Chester.
+
+_Blue Bells of Scotland_ (Vol. viii., p. 388. Vol. ix., p. 209.).--Surely
+[W (black-letter)] of Philadelphia is right in supposing that the Blue Bell
+of Scotland, in the ballad which goes by that name, is a bell painted blue,
+and used as the sign of an inn, and not the flower so called, as asserted
+by HENRY STEPHENS, unless indeed there be an older ballad than the one
+commonly sung, which, as many of your readers must be aware, contains this
+line,--
+
+ "He dwells in merry Scotland,
+  At the _sign_ of the Blue Bell."
+
+I remember to have heard that the popularity of this song dates from the
+time when it was sung on the stage by Mrs. Jordan.
+
+Can any one inform me whether the air is ancient or modern?
+
+HONORÉ DE MAREVILLE.
+
+Guernsey.
+
+"_De male quæsitis gaudet non tertius hæres_" (Vol. ii., p. 167.).--The
+quotation here wanted has hitherto been neglected. The words may be found,
+with a slight variation, in _Bellochii Praxis Moralis Theologiæ, de casibus
+reservatis, &c._, Venetiis, 1627, 4to. As the work is not common, I send
+the passage for insertion, which I know will be acceptable to other
+correspondents as well as to the querist:
+
+    "Divino judicio permittitur ut tales surreptores rerum sacrarum diu
+    ipsis rebus furtivis non lætentur, sed imo ab aliis nequioribus furibus
+    præfatæ res illis {601} abripiantur, ut de se ipso fassus est ille, qui
+    in suis ædibus hoc distichon inscripsit, ut refert Jo. Bonif., lib. de
+    furt., § contrectatio, num. 134. in fin.:
+
+     'Congeries lapidum variis constructa rapinis,
+      Aut uret, aut ruet, aut raptor alter habebit.'
+
+    Et juxta illud:
+
+     'De rebus male acquisitis, non gaudebit tertius hæres.'
+
+    Lazar (de monitorio), sect. 4. 9. 4., num. 16., imo nec secundus, ut
+    ingenuè et perbellè fatetur in suo poemate, nostro idiomate Jerusalem
+    celeste acquistata, cant. x. num. 88. Pater Frater Augustinus Gallutius
+    de Mandulcho, ita canendo:
+
+     'D'un' acquisto sacrilego e immondo,
+      Gode di rado il successor secondo,
+      Pero che il primo e mal' accorto herede
+      Senza discretion li da di piedi.'"
+
+BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.
+
+_Mawkin_ (Vol. ix., pp. 303. 385.).--Is not _mawkin_ merely a corruption
+for _mannikin_? I strongly suspect it to be so, though Forby, in his
+_Vocabulary of East Anglia_, gives the word _maukin_ as if peculiar to
+Norfolk and Suffolk, and derives it, like L., from _Mal_, for Moll or Mary.
+
+F. C. H.
+
+This word, in the Scottish dialect spelt _maukin_, means a hare. It occurs
+in the following verse of Burns in _Tam Samson's Elegy_:
+
+ "Rejoice, ye birring paitricks a';
+  Ye cootie moorcocks, crousely craw;
+  Ye _maukins_, cock your fud fu' braw,
+            Withouten dread;
+  Your mortal fae is now awa',
+            Tam Samson's dead!"
+
+KENNEDY MCNAB.
+
+"_Putting a spoke in his wheel_" (Vol. viii., pp. 269. 351. 576.).--There
+is no doubt that "putting a spoke in his wheel" is "offering an
+obstruction." But I have always understood the "spoke" to be, not a radius
+of the wheel, but a bar put between the spokes at right angles, so as to
+prevent the turning of the wheel; a rude mode of "locking," which I have
+often seen practised. The correctness of the metaphor is thus evident.
+
+WM. HAZEL.
+
+_Dog Latin_ (Vol. viii., p. 523.).--The return of a sheriff to a writ which
+he had not been able to serve, owing to the defendant's secreting himself
+in a swamp, will be new to English readers. It was "Non come-at-ibus in
+swampo."
+
+Since the adoption of the Federal Constitution, the motto of the United
+States has been "E pluribus unum." A country sign-painter in Bucks county,
+Pennsylvania, painted "E pluribur unibus," instead of it on a sign.
+
+UNEDA.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Swedish Words current in England_ (Vol. vii., pp. 231. 366.).--Very many
+Swedish words are current in the north of England, _e. gr._ _barn_ or
+_bearn_ (Scotticè _bairn_), Sw. _barn_; _bleit_ or _blate_, bashful, Sw.
+_blöd_; to _cleam_, to fasten, to spread thickly over, Sw. _klemma_; _cod_,
+pillow, Sw. _kudde_; to _gly_, to squint, Sw. _glo_; to _lope_, to leap,
+Sw. _löpa_; to _late_ (Cumberland), to seek, Sw. _leta_; _sackless_,
+without crime, Sw. _saklös_; _sark_, shirt, Sw. _särk_; to _thole_
+(Derbyshire), to endure, Sw. _tala_; to _walt_, to totter, to overthrow,
+Sw. _wälta_; to _warp_, to lay eggs, Sw. _wärpa_; _wogh_ (Lancashire),
+wall, Sw. _wägg_, &c. It is a fact very little known, that the Swedish
+language bears the closest resemblance of all modern languages to the
+English as regards grammatical structure, not even the Danish excepted.
+
+SUECAS.
+
+_Mob_ (Vol. viii., p. 524.).--I have always understood that this word was
+derived from the Latin expression _mobile vulgus_, which is, I believe, in
+Virgil.
+
+UNEDA.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+"_Days of my Youth_" (Vol. viii., p. 467.).--In answer to the inquiry made
+a few months since, whether Judge St. George Tucker, of Virginia, was the
+author of the lines beginning--
+
+ "Days of my youth."
+
+the undersigned states that he was a friend and relative of Judge Tucker,
+and knows him to have been the author. They had a great run at the time,
+and found their way not only into the newspapers, but even into the
+almanacs of the day.
+
+G. T.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Encore_ (Vol. viii., pp. 387. 524.).--A writer in an English magazine, a
+few years ago, proposed that the Latin word _repetitus_ should be used
+instead of _encore_. Among other advantages he suggested that the people in
+the gallery of a theatre would pronounce it _repeat-it-us_, and thus make
+English of it.
+
+UNEDA.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cambridge_ (Vol. ix., p. 493.).--Your
+correspondent will find his question answered by referring to the _History
+of the Royal Family_, 8vo., Lond., 1741, pp. 119. 156. For an account of
+this book, which is founded upon the well-known Sandford's _Genealogical
+History_, see Clarke's _Bibliotheca Legum_, edit. 1819, p. 174.
+
+T. E. T.
+
+Islington.
+
+_Right of redeeming Property_ (Vol. viii., p. 516.).--This right formerly
+existed in Normandy, and, I believe, in other parts of France. In the
+bailiwick of Guernsey, the laws of which are based on the ancient custom of
+Normandy, the right is still exercised, although it has been abolished for
+some years in the neighbouring island of Jersey. {602}
+
+The law only applies to real property, which, by the Norman custom, was
+divided in certain proportions among all the children; and this right of
+"retrait," as it is technically termed, was doubtless intended to
+counteract in some measure the too minute division of land, and to preserve
+inheritances in families. It must be exercised within a year of the
+purchase. For farther information on the subject, Berry's _History of
+Guernsey_, p. 176., may be consulted.
+
+HONORÉ DE MAREVILLE.
+
+Guernsey.
+
+_Latin Inscription on Lindsey Court-house_ (Vol. ix., pp. 492. 552.).--I
+cannot but express my surprise at the learned (?) trifling of some of your
+correspondents on the inscription upon Lindsey Court-house. Try it thus:
+
+              "Fiat Justitia,
+                    1619,
+                 Hæc domus
+  _O_dit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat,
+  _N_equitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos."
+
+which will make two lines, an hexameter and a pentameter, the first
+letters, _O_ and _N_, having perhaps been effaced by time or accident.
+
+NEGLECTUS.
+
+    [That this emendation is the right one is clear from the communication
+    of another correspondent, B. R. A. Y., who makes the same, and adds in
+    confirmation, "The following lines existed formerly (and do, perhaps,
+    now) on the Market-house at Much Wenlock, Shropshire, which will
+    explain their meaning:
+
+                     'Hic locus
+      _O_dit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat,
+      _N_equitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos.'
+
+    The _O_ and _N_, being at the beginning of the lines as given by your
+    correspondent, were doubtless obliterated by age."]
+
+The restoration of this inscription proposed by me is erroneous, and must
+be corrected from the perfect inscription as preserved at Pistoia and Much
+Wenlock, cited by another correspondent in p. 552. The three inscriptions
+are slightly varied. Perhaps "amat pacem" is better than "amat leges," on
+account of the tautology with "conservat jura."
+
+L.
+
+_Myrtle Bee_ (Vol. ix., p. 205. &c.).--"I have carefully read and reread
+the articles on the myrtle bee, and I can come to no other conclusion than
+that it is not a bird at all, but an insect, one of the hawkmoths, and
+probably the humming-bird hawkmoth. We have so many indefatigable genuine
+_field naturalists_, picking up every straggler which is blown to our
+coasts, that I cannot think it possible there is a bird at all common to
+_any_ district of England, and yet totally unknown to science. Now, insects
+are often exceedingly abundant in particular localities, yet scarcely known
+beyond them. The _size_ C. BROWN describes as certainly not larger than
+_half_ that of the common wren. The humming-bird (_H. M._) is scarcely so
+large as this, but its vibratory motion would make it look somewhat larger
+than it really is. Its breadth, from tip to tip of the wings, is twenty to
+twenty-four lines. The myrtle bee's "short flight is rapid, steady, and
+direct," exactly that of the hawkmoth. The tongue of the myrtle bee is
+"round, sharp, and pointed at the end, appearing capable of penetration,"
+not a bad _popular_ description of the suctorial trunk of the hawkmoth,
+from which it gains its generic name, _Macroglossa_. Its second pair of
+wings are of a rusty yellow colour, which, when closed, would give it it
+the appearance of being "tinged with yellow about the vent." It has also a
+tuft of scaly hairs at the extremity of the abdomen, which would suggest
+the idea of a tail. In fact, on the wing, it appears very like a little
+bird, as attested by its common name. In habit it generally retires from
+the mid-day sun, which would account for its being "put up" by the dogs.
+The furze-chat, mentioned by C. BROWN, is the _Saxicola rubetra_, commonly
+also called the whinchat.
+
+WM. HAZEL.
+
+_Mousehunt_ (Vol. ix., p. 65. &c.).--G. TENNYSON identifies the mousehunt
+with the beechmartin, the _very largest_ of our _Mustelidæ_, on the
+authority of Henley "the dramatic commentator." Was he a naturalist too? I
+never heard of him as such.
+
+Now, MR. W. R. D. SALMON, who first asked the question, speaks of it as
+_less_ than the common weasel, and quotes Mr. Colquhoun's opinion, that it
+is only "the young of the year." I have no doubt at all that this is
+correct. The young of all the _Mustelidæ_ hunt, and to a casual observer
+exhibit all the actions of full-grown animals, when not more than half the
+size of their parents. There seems no reason to suppose that there are more
+than four species known in England, the weasel, the stoat or ermine, the
+polecat, and the martin. The full-grown female of the weasel is much
+smaller than the male. Go to any zealous gamekeeper's exhibition, and you
+will see them of many gradations in size.
+
+WM. HAZEL.
+
+_Longfellow's "Hyperion"_ (Vol. ix., p. 495.).--I would offer the following
+rather as a suggestion than as an answer to MORDAN GILLOTT. But it has
+always appeared to me that Longfellow has himself explained, by a simple
+allusion in the work, the _reason_ which dictated the name of his
+_Hyperion_. As the ancients fabled Hyperion to be the offspring of the
+heavens and the earth; so, in his aspirations, and his weakness and
+sorrows, Flemming (the hero of the work) personifies, as it were, the
+mingling of heaven and earth in the heart and {603} mind of a man of true
+nobility. The passage to which I allude is the following:
+
+    "Noble examples of a high purpose, and a fixed will! Do they not move,
+    Hyperion-like, on high? Were they not likewise sons of heaven and
+    earth?"--Book iv. ch. 1.
+
+SELEUCUS.
+
+_Benjamin Rush_ (Vol. ix., p. 451.).--INQUIRER asks "Why the freedom of
+Edinburgh was conferred upon him?" I have looked into the Records of the
+Town Council, and found the following entry:
+
+    "4th March, 1767. The Council admit and receive Richard Stocktoun,
+    Esquire, of New Jersey, Councillour at Law, and Benjamin Rush, Esquire,
+    of Philadelphia, to be burgesses and gild brethren of this city, in the
+    most ample form."
+
+But there is no reason assigned.
+
+JAMES LAURIE, Conjoint Town Clerk.
+
+_Quakers executed in North America_ (Vol. ix., p. 305.).--A fuller account
+of these nefarious proceedings is detailed in an abstract of the sufferings
+of the people called Quakers, in 2 vols., 1733; vol. i. (Appendix) pp.
+491-514., and in vol. iii. pp. 195-232.
+
+E. D.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_For the purpose of inserting as many Replies as possible in this, the
+closing Number of our_ NINTH VOLUME, _we have this week omitted our usual_
+NOTES ON BOOKS _and_ LISTS OF BOOKS WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+W. W. (Malta). _Received with many thanks._
+
+R. H. (Oxford). _For_ Kentish Men _and_ Men of Kent, _see_ "N. & Q.," Vol.
+v., pp. 321. 615.
+
+MR. LONG_'s easy Calotype Process reached us too late for insertion this
+week. It shall appear in our next._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday_.
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is also issued in_ Monthly Parts, _for the convenience
+of those who may either have a difficulty in procuring the unstamped weekly
+Numbers, or prefer receiving it monthly. While parties resident in the
+country or abroad, who may be desirous of receiving the weekly Numbers, may
+have_ stamped _copies forwarded direct from the Publisher. The subscription
+for the stamped edition of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES" _(including a very copious
+Index) is eleven shillings and fourpence for six months, which may be paid
+by Post-Office Order, drawn in favour of the Publisher_, MR. GEORGE BELL,
+No. 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DR. DE JONGH'S LIGHT BROWN COD LIVER OIL. Prepared for medicinal use in the
+Loffoden Isles, Norway, and put to the test of chemical analysis. The most
+effectual remedy for Consumption, Bronchitis, Asthma, Gout, Chronic
+Rheumatism, and all Scrofulous Diseases.
+
+Approved of and recommended by BERZELIUS, LIEBIG, WOEHLER, JONATHAN
+PEREIRA, FOUQUIER, and numerous other eminent medical men and scientific
+chemists in Europe.
+
+Specially rewarded with medals by the Governments of Belgium and the
+Netherlands.
+
+Has almost entirely superseded all other kinds on the Continent, in
+consequence of its proved superior power and efficacy--effecting a cure
+much more rapidly.
+
+Contains iodine, phosphate of chalk, volatile acid, and the elements of the
+bile--in short, all its most active and essential principles--in larger
+quantities than the pale oils made in England and Newfoundland, deprived
+mainly of these by their mode of preparation.
+
+Sold Wholesale and Retail, in bottles, labelled with Dr. de Jongh's Stamp
+and Signature, by
+
+ANSAR, HARFORD, & CO., 77. Strand,
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Sole Consignees and Agents for the United Kingdom and British Possessions;
+and by all respectable Chemists and Vendors of Medicine in Town and
+Country, at the following prices:--
+
+Imperial Measure, Half-pints, 2s. 6d.; Pints, 4s. 9d.
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examine, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNET, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Patronised by the Royal Family.
+
+TWO THOUSAND POUNDS for any person producing Articles superior to the
+following:
+
+THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREYNESS PREVENTED.
+
+BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is acknowledged to be the most effectual article
+for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strengthening when weak and fine,
+effectually preventing falling or turning grey, and for restoring its
+natural colour without the use of dye. The rich glossy appearance it
+imparts is the admiration of every person. Thousands have experienced its
+astonishing efficacy. Bottles 2s. 6d.; double size, 4s. 6d.; 7s. 6d. equal
+to 4 small; 11s. to 6 small; 21s. to 13 small. The most perfect beautifier
+ever invented.
+
+SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.
+
+BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its
+effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by royalty and hundreds of the
+first families. Bottles, 5s.
+
+BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effectual remover of Corns and Bunions. It
+also reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an astonishing manner. If space
+allowed, the testimony of upwards of twelve thousand individuals, during
+the last five years, might be inserted. Packets, 1s.; Boxes, 2s. 6d. Sent
+Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham, for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.
+
+    Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street; JACKSON, 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY
+    & EVANS, Dublin; GOULDING, 108. Patrick Street, Cork; BARRY, 9. Main
+    Street, Kinsale; GRATTAN, Belfast; MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow; DUNCAN &
+    FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SANGER, 150. Oxford Street; PROUT, 229. Strand;
+    KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard; SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street; HANNAY,
+    63. Oxford Street; London. All Chemists and Perfumers will procure
+    them.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ROSS & SONS' INSTANTANEOUS HAIR DYE, without Smell, the best and cheapest
+extant.--ROSS & SONS have several private apartments devoted entirely to
+Dyeing the Hair, and particularly request a visit, especially from the
+incredulous, as they will undertake to dye a portion of their hair, without
+charging, of any colour required, from the lightest brown to the darkest
+black, to convince them of its effect.
+
+Sold in cases at 3s. 6d., 5s. 6d., 10s., 15s., and 20s. each case. Likewise
+wholesale to the Trade by the pint, quart, or gallon.
+
+Address, ROSS & SONS, 119. and 120. Bishopsgate Street, Six Doors from
+Cornhill, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of
+upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS,
+Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and
+other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on
+receipt of Two Stamps.
+
+MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles
+of the kind ever produced.
+
+J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ONE THOUSAND BEDSTEADS TO CHOOSE FROM.--HEAL & SON'S Stock comprises
+handsomely Japanned and Brass-mounted Iron Bedsteads, Children's Cribs and
+Cots of new and elegant designs, Mahogany, Birch, and Walnut-tree
+Bedsteads, of the soundest and best Manufacture, many of them fitted with
+Furnitures, complete. A large Assortment of Servants' and Portable
+Bedsteads. They have also every variety of Furniture for the complete
+furnishing of a Bed Room.
+
+HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED AND PRICED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS AND BEDDING,
+sent Free by Post.
+
+HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{604}
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.
+
+KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of
+the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's
+Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and
+pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art.
+Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.
+
+Instructions given in every branch of the Art.
+
+An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens.
+
+GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.
+
+THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental
+Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
+
+                                            £  s. d.
+  A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent
+    Process                                 1  1  0
+  Additional Copies (each)                  0  5  0
+  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+    (small size)                            3  3  0
+  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+    (larger size)                           5  5  0
+
+Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings, Photographed
+and Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions,
+Churches, &c., taken at a short notice.
+
+Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and
+Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed.
+
+Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus.
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
+  168. New Bond Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE LONDON SCHOOL OF PHOTOGRAPHY, 78. Newgate Street.--At this Institution,
+Ladies and Gentlemen may learn in One Hour to take Portraits and
+Landscapes, and purchase the necessary Apparatus for Five Pounds. No charge
+is made for the Instruction.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per
+Post, 1s. 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WHOLESALE PHOTOGRAPHIC DEPOT: DANIEL McMILLAN, 132. Fleet Street, London.
+The Cheapest House in Town for every Description of Photographic Apparatus,
+Materials, and Chemicals.
+
+*** Price List Free on Application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COCOA-NUT FIBRE MATTING and MATS, of the best quality.--The Jury of Class
+28, Great Exhibition, awarded the Prize Medal to T. TRELOAR, Cocoa-Nut
+Fibre Manufacturer, 42. Ludgate Hill, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty
+by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; certainty and
+uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most
+faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent
+in the hands of the photographer.
+
+Albumenized paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a
+minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire.
+
+Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.
+
+Instruction in the Processes.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative
+Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. London.
+
+*** Catalogues sent on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety
+of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury
+to the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively
+employed by
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.
+
+OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S
+
+Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian Road, Islington.
+
+OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
+Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn; the
+Photographic Institution, Bond Street; and at the Manufactory as above,
+where every description of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The The
+Trade supplied.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.--D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square
+(established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
+Guineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these
+pianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial,
+signed by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:--"We, the
+undersigned members of the musical profession, having carefully examined
+the Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great
+pleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears
+to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a
+richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while
+the elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the
+library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R.
+Bishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, E.
+F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F.
+Hassé, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F.
+Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee. A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.
+Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry
+Phillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E.
+Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. E. Wright", &c.
+
+D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+  _Directors._
+
+  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.          | T. Grissell, Esq.
+  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.  | J. Hunt, Esq.
+  G. H. Drew, Esq.              | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+  W. Evans, Esq.                | E. Lucas, Esq.
+  W. Freeman, Esq.              | J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.               | J. B. White, Esq.
+  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.          | J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.,
+               T. Grissell, Esq.
+  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age       £   s.  d. | Age       £   s.  d.
+   17       1  14   4  |  32       2  10   8
+   22       1  18   8  |  37       2  18   6
+   27       2   4   5  |  42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER ALE.--MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP & SONS beg to inform the
+TRADE that they are now registering Orders for the March Brewings of their
+PALE ALE in Casks of 18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,
+Burton-on-Trent; and at the under-mentioned Branch Establishments:
+
+  LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.
+  LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.
+  MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.
+  DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.
+  GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.
+  DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.
+  BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.
+  SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.
+
+MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE
+FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly recommended by the Medical
+Profession, may be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES GENUINE from all the
+most RESPECTABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on "ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being
+specially asked for.
+
+When in bottle, the genuineness of the label can be ascertained by its
+having "ALLSOPP & SONS" written across it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the recent improvements. Strong fire-proof safes,
+cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of sizes and prices may be had on
+application.
+
+CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool;
+16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields, Wolverhampton.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
+of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 24.
+1854.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 243, June
+24, 1854, by Various
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42821 ***