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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42819 ***
+
+{533}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+No. 241.]
+SATURDAY, JUNE 10. 1854
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+ NOTES:-- Page
+
+ Stone Pillar Worship 535
+
+ Somersetshire Folk Lore 536
+
+ Irish Records, by James F. Ferguson 536
+
+ Derivation of Curious Botanic Names, and Ancient Italian
+ Kalydor, by Dr. Hughes Fraser Halle 537
+
+ MINOR NOTES:--Forensic Jocularities--Ridley's University--
+ Marvellous, if true--Progress of the War--Hatherleigh
+ Moor, Devonshire--Cromwellian Gloves--Restall 538
+
+ QUERIES:--
+
+ Sepulchral Monuments 539
+
+ "Es Tu Scolaris" 540
+
+ On a Digest of Critical Readings in Shakespeare,
+ by J. O. Halliwell 540
+
+ MINOR QUERIES:--"Original Poems"--A Bristol Compliment--
+ French or Flemish Arms--Precedence--"[Greek: Sphidê]"--
+ Print of the Dublin Volunteers--John Ogden--Columbarium
+ in a Church Tower--George Herbert--Apparition which
+ preceded the Fire of London--Holy Thursday
+ Rain-water--Freemasonry 541
+
+ MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Lewis's "Memoirs of the Duke
+ of Gloucester"--Apocryphal Works--Mirabeau, Talleyrand,
+ and Fouché--"The Turks in Europe," and "Austria as It
+ Is"--"Forgive, blest Shade"--"Off with his head,"
+ &c.--"Peter Wilkins"--The Barmecides' Feast--Captain 542
+
+ REPLIES:--
+
+ Coleridge's unpublished Manuscripts, by Joseph Henry Green 543
+
+ King James's Irish Army List, 1689 544
+
+ Barrell's Regiment 545
+
+ Clay Tobacco-pipes, by W. J. Bernhard Smith 546
+
+ Madame de Staël 546
+
+ Cranmer's Martyrdom 547
+
+ PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Difficulties in making
+ soluble Cotton--Light in Cameras--Cameras--Progress of
+ Photography--A Collodion Difficulty--Ferricyanide
+ of Potassium 548
+
+ REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Postage System of the
+ Romans--Epigram on the Feuds between Handel and
+ Bononcini--Power of prophesying before Death--King
+ John--Demoniacal Descent of the Plantagenets--Burial
+ Service Tradition--Paintings of our Saviour--Widdrington
+ Family--Mathew, a Cornish Family--"[Greek: Pistis],"
+ unde deriv.--Author of "The Whole Duty of Man"--
+ Table-turning--Pedigree to the Time of Alfred--Quotation
+ wanted--"Hic locus odit, amat"--Writings of the Martyr
+ Bradford--Latin Inscription on Lindsey Court-house--Blanco
+ White's Sonnet--"Wise men labour," &c.--Copernicus--Meals,
+ Meols--Byron and Rochefoucauld--Robert Eden--Dates of
+ Maps--Miss Elstob--Corporation Enactments, &c. 549
+
+ MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+ Notes on Books, &c. 554
+
+ Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 554
+
+ Notices to Correspondents 555
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Multæ terricolis linguæ, coelestibus una.
+
+SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS'
+
+[Illustration]
+
+GENERAL CATALOGUE is sent Free by Post. It contains Lists of Quarto Family
+Bibles; Ancient English Translations; Manuscript-notes Bibles; Polyglot
+Bibles in every variety of Size and Combination of Language;
+Parallel-passages Bibles; Greek Critical and other Testaments; Polyglot
+Books of Common Prayer; Psalms in English, Hebrew, and many other
+Languages, in great variety; Aids to the Study of the Old Testament and of
+the New Testament; and Miscellaneous Biblical and other Works. By Post
+Free.
+
+London: SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, 15. Paternoster Row.
+
+[Greek: Pollai men thnêtois Glôttai, mia d'Athanatoisin]
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+THE ORIGINAL QUADRILLES, composed for the PIANO FORTE by MRS. AMBROSE
+MERTON.
+
+London: Published for the Proprietors and may be had of C. LONSDALE, 26.
+Old Bond Street; and by Order of all Music Sellers.
+
+PRICE THREE SHILLINGS.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+THE ASTLEY COOPER PRIZE ESSAY FOR 1853.
+
+This Day, 8vo., with 64 Illustrations, 15s.
+
+ON THE STRUCTURE AND USE OF THE SPLEEN. By HENRY GREY, F.R.S., Demonstrator
+of Anatomy at St. George's Hospital.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Just published, in fcap. 8vo., price 7s. 6d. cloth.
+
+THE BOOK OF PSALMS IN ENGLISH VERSE, and in Measures suited for Sacred
+Music. By EDWARD CHURTON, M.A., Archdeacon of Cleveland.
+
+JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Just published, in fcap. 8vo., price 6s. cloth.
+
+THE WESTERN WORLD REVISITED. By the REV. HENRY CASWALL, M.A., Vicar of
+Figheldean; Author of "America and the American Church," "Scotland and the
+Scottish Church," &c.
+
+JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+In 64mo., price, bound and clasped, 1s. 6d.
+
+THE SERMON in the MOUNT. Printed by C Whittingham, uniformly with THE THUMB
+BIBLE from the Edition of 1693--which may still be had, price 1s. 6d.
+
+London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+AMERICAN BOOKS.--LOW, SON, & CO., as the Importers and Publishers of
+American Books in this Country, have recently issued a detailed Catalogue
+of their Stock in Theology, History, Travels, Biography, Practical Science,
+Fiction, &c., a Copy of which will be forwarded upon application.
+
+By arrangements with the American Publishers, all Works of known or
+anticipated interest will in future be published by LOW SON, & CO.,
+simultaneously with their appearance in America. Works not in the stock
+obtained within six weeks of order. Lists of Importations forwarded
+regularly when desired.
+
+Literary Institutions, the Clergy, Merchants and Shippers, and the Trade,
+supplied on advantageous terms.
+
+Small enclosures taken for weekly case to the United States at a moderate
+charge.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+TO LITERARY MEN, PUBLISHERS, AND OTHERS.
+
+MESSRS. HOPPER CO., _Record Agents, &c._, beg to inform the Literary World,
+that they continue to undertake Searches among, and Transcripts from, the
+Public Records in the British Museum, or other Collections. Ancient MSS.
+deciphered. Translations from the Norman-French, Law-Latin, and other
+Documents carefully executed. Genealogies traced, and Wills consulted.
+
+*** MSS. bought, sold, or valued.
+
+4. SOUTHAMPTON STREET, CAMDEN TOWN.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+This Day, in One Large Volume, super-royal 8vo., price 2l. 12s. 6d. cloth
+lettered.
+
+CYCLOPÆDIA BIBLIOGRAPHICA: a Library Manual of Theological and General
+Literature, and Guide to Books for Authors, Preachers, Students and
+Literary Men, Analytical, Bibliographical, and Biographical. By JAMES
+DARLING.
+
+A PROSPECTUS, with Specimens and Critical Notices, sent Free on Receipt of
+a Postage Stamp.
+
+London: JAMES DARLING, 81. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Now ready, No. VII. (for May), price 2s. 6d., published Quarterly.
+
+RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series); consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses
+of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.
+
+Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also ready.
+
+JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+LONGFELLOW, THE POET.--There is a sweet song by this admired writer just
+now much inquired after. It is called "EXCELSIOR." This really sublime
+effusion of the poet is charmingly wedded to music by MISS M. LINDSAY. It
+is particularly a song for the refined evening circle, and is adorned with
+a capital illustration. It is among the recent publications of the MESSRS.
+ROBERT COCKS & CO., Her Majesty's Music Publishers, of New Burlington
+Street.--See _The Observer_, May 28, 1854.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+{534}
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE and HISTORICAL REVIEW for JUNE, contains the
+following articles:--1. Leaves from a Russian Parterre. 2. History of Latin
+Christianity. 3. Our Lady of Montserrat. 4. Memorials of Amelia Opie. 5.
+Mansion of the Dennis Family at Pucklechurch, with an Illustration. 6. The
+Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: A Plea
+for the threatened City Churches--The British Museum Library--The late
+Master of Sherburn Hospital--Original Letter and Anecdotes of Admiral
+Vernon, &c. With Notes of the Month, Historical and Miscellaneous Reviews,
+Reports of Antiquarian and Literary Societies, Historical Chronicle, and
+OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the Duke of Parma, the Marquis of Anglesey,
+the Earl of Lichfield, Lord Colborne, Lord Cockburn, John Davies Gilbert,
+Esq., T. P. Halsey, Esq., Alderman Thompson, Alderman Hooper, Dr. Wardlaw,
+Dr. Collyer, Professors Jameson and Wilson, Montgomery the Poet, &c. &c.
+Price 2s. 6d.
+
+NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+This Day is published, price 1s.
+
+CONSECRATION _versus_ DESECRATION.--An APPEAL to the LORD BISHOP of LONDON
+against the BILL for the DESTRUCTION of CITY CHURCHES and the SALE of
+BURIAL GROUNDS.
+
+ "I hate robbery for burnt-offering."
+ Isaiah lxi. 8.
+
+J. B. NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street; J. H. PARKER, Oxford and
+London; G. BELL, Fleet Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+OVER THE WAVES WE FLOAT. Duet by STEPHEN GLOVER, Author of "What are the
+Wild Waves Saying?" Words by J. E. CARPENTER, ESQ. 2s. 6d.
+
+ "We cordially recommend it. There is a rich strain of harmony flowing
+ through the whole of it. It is within easy compass of voice," &c.
+ &c.--See the _Sheffield Independent_, May 27, 1854.
+
+London: ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Burlington Street, Music Publishers to the
+Queen.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+This Day, fcp. 8vo., 5s.
+
+SYNONYMS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT: being the Substance of a Course of Lectures
+addressed to the Theological Students, King's College, London. By RICHARD
+CHENEVIX TRENCH, B. D., Professor of Divinity, King's College, and
+Examining Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of Oxford.
+
+ Cambridge: MACMILLAN & CO.
+ London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON,
+ West Strand.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Just published, with ten coloured Engravings, price 5s.,
+
+NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NATURAL HISTORY, selected from the
+"Microscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.
+
+Also, in 8vo., pp. 720, plates 24, price 21s., or coloured, 36s.,
+
+A HISTORY OF INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil, containing
+Descriptions of every species, British and Foreign, the methods of
+procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. By
+ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.
+
+"There is no work extant in which so much valuable information concerning
+Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist should add it
+to his library."--_Silliman's Journal._
+
+London: WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+GLASGOW CATHEDRAL.
+
+Will be published on or about 15th June, with Plan and Historical Notice,
+
+FOUR VIEWS OF THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF GLASGOW, drawn on Stone from Original
+Sketches, and printed in the first style of Chromolithography by MESSRS. N.
+J. HOLMES & CO., Glasgow. Complete in Ornamental Wrapper, price One Guinea.
+
+London: MESSRS. HERING & REMINGTON, Regent Street.
+
+Glasgow: N. J. HOLMES & CO., Cochran Street; MORISON & KYLE, Queen Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+DR. VAN OVEN.--On The Decline of Life in Health and Disease. Being an
+attempt to investigate the Causes of Longevity and the best Means of
+attaining a healthful Old Age. Cloth, 8vo., 10s. 6d.
+
+ "Old and young, the healthy and the invalid, may alike obtain useful
+ practical hints from Dr. Van Oven's book. His advice and observations
+ are marked by much experience and good sense."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+ "Good sense is the pervading characteristic of the
+ volume."--_Spectator._
+
+JOHN CHURCHILL, Princes Street, Soho.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+HER MAJESTY'S CONCERT ROOMS, HANOVER SQUARE.
+
+THE ROYAL SOCIETY
+
+OF
+
+FEMALE MUSICIANS,
+
+_Established 1839, for the Relief of its distressed Members._
+
+_Patroness_: Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. _Vice-Patronesses_: Her
+Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Her Royal Highness the Duchess of
+Cambridge.
+
+On WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 14, 1854, will be performed, for the Benefit of
+this Institution, A MISCELLANEOUS CONCERT of Vocal and Instrumental Music.
+
+_Vocal Performers_--Miss Birch, Miss Dolby, Miss Pyne, Miss Helen Taylor,
+Mrs. Noble, and Miss Louisa Pyne. Madame Persiani, Madame Caradori, Madame
+Therese Tanda, and Madame Clara Novello. Signor Gardoni, Mr. H. R. Allen,
+Mr. Lawler, and Signor Belletti.
+
+In the Course of the Concert, the Gentlemen of the Abbey Glee Club will
+sing two favourite Glees.
+
+_Instrumentalists_--Pianoforte, M. Emile Prudent; Violin, M. Remenyi;
+Violoncello, M. Van Gelder, Solo Violoncellist to His Majesty the King of
+Holland.
+
+THE BAND will be complete in every Department.--_Conductor_, Mr. W.
+Sterndale Bennett.
+
+The Doors will be opened at Seven o'Clock, and the Concert will commence at
+Eight precisely.
+
+Tickets, Half-a-Guinea each. Reserved Seats, One Guinea each. An Honorary
+Subscriber of One Guinea annually, or of Ten Guineas at One Payment (which
+shall be considered a Life Subscription), will be entitled to Two Tickets
+of Admission, or One for a Reserved Seat, to every Benefit Concert given by
+the Society. Donation and Subscriptions will be thankfully received, and
+Tickets delivered, by the Secretary,
+
+MR. J. W. HOLLAND, 13. Macclesfield St., Soho; and at all the Principal
+Music-sellers.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+CHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the recent improvements. Strong fire-proof safes,
+cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of sizes and prices may be had on
+application.
+
+CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool;
+16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields, Wolverhampton.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Library of the late JOHN HOLMES, Esq., of the British Museum, Framed
+Engravings, &c.
+
+PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by
+AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on THURSDAY, June 15, the
+LIBRARY of the late JOHN HOLMES, Esq., of the Manuscript Department of the
+British Museum, consisting chiefly of modern useful Books in various
+Classes of Literature, Books of Reference, privately printed Books, &c.;
+also several framed Engravings, including the popular Works of Sir D.
+Wilkie, engraved by Raimbach and Burnet; others by Sir R. Strange,
+Woollett, Raphael Morghen, &c.; Stothard's Canterbury Pilgrimage, proof;
+and other Engravings, and inclosed Print Case, &c.
+
+Catalogues may now be had, or will be sent on Receipt of Two Stamps.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+AN EXCEEDINGLY INTERESTING AND RARE COLLECTION OF EARLY ENGLISH POETRY.
+
+MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY & JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property
+and Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at their
+House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on THURSDAY, June 29, and following
+Day, at 1 precisely, a very valuable and important COLLECTION OF EARLY
+ENGLISH POETRY, more particularly of the reigns of Elizabeth, James I., and
+Charles I., from the extensive library of an eminent collector, deceased;
+including many volumes of the greatest rarity and interest, obtained from
+the principal sales during the last 40 years.--May be viewed two days
+previously, and Catalogues had; if in the Country, on Receipt of Six
+Postage Stamps.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ THE PRINCIPAL PORTION of the very VALUABLE, IMPORTANT, and exceedingly
+ CHOICE LIBRARY of J. D. GARDNER, Esq., extending over Eleven Days'
+ Sale.
+
+MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY & JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property
+and Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at their
+House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on THURSDAY, July 6, and Ten following
+Days, at 1 precisely each Day, the principal PORTION of the very valuable
+and choice LIBRARY of J. D. GARDNER, ESQ., of Chatteris, Cambridgeshire,
+removed from his late Residence, Bottisham Hall, near Newmarket. The
+Collection comprises several of the first and very rare editions of the
+Classics, forming beautiful specimens of the typography of the 15th
+Century; a very extensive assemblage of the early typographical productions
+of this country, comprising beautiful specimens from the presses of Caxton,
+Maclinia, Pynson, Wynkyn de Worde, and others, including a most beautiful
+copy of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, printed by Wynkyn de Worde; a rare
+assemblage of the very early editions of the Scriptures in English,
+including a remarkably fine copy of the first edition, usually termed
+Coverdale's Bible, complete with the exception of two leaves, which are
+admirably supplied in fac-simile by Harris, and may be considered as
+unique, it having the original Map of the Holy Land complete. Among other
+versions of the Scripture may be mentioned the first edition of the New
+Testament, by Tyndale. The Library is also rich in early English theology,
+history, and particularly so in the poetry of the Elizabethan period,
+including many of the rarest volumes that have occurred for sale in the
+Heber, Jolley, Utterson, and other collections. Also the first four folio
+editions of the Works of Shakspeare, the copy of the first edition being
+from the library of John Wilks, Esq., the finest copy ever sold by public
+auction. Among other important and valuable Works in the collection, may be
+mentioned a remarkably choice and very complete collection of the Works of
+De Bry. Early Italian poetry and general Italian literature form a feature
+of the collection, many of them being first editions and of considerable
+rarity. There are also many other valuable books in general literature,
+history, and topography.
+
+Catalogues are now ready, and may be had on application; if in the Country,
+on the Receipt of Twelve Postage Stamps.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+{535}
+
+_LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 10, 1854._
+
+ * * * * *
+
+Notes.
+
+STONE PILLAR WORSHIP.
+
+In Vol. v., p. 121. of "N. & Q.," there is an interesting note on this
+subject by SIR J. EMERSON TENNENT, which he concludes by observing that "it
+would be an object of curious inquiry, if your correspondents could
+ascertain whether this (the superstitious veneration of the Irish people
+for such stones) be the last remnant of pillar worship now remaining in
+Europe." I am able to assure him that it is not. The province of Brittany,
+in France, is thickly studded with stone pillars, and the history and
+manners of its people teem with interesting and very curious traces of the
+worship of them. In fact, Brittany and Breton antiquities must form the
+principal field of study for any one who would investigate or treat the
+subject exhaustively.
+
+A list of the principal of these pillars still remaining may be found in
+the note at p. 77. of the first vol. of Manet's _Histoire de la Petite
+Bretagne_: St. Malo, 1834. But abundant notices of them will be met with in
+any of the numerous works on the antiquities and topography of the
+province. They are there known as "Menhirs," from the Celtic _maen_, stone,
+and _hirr_, long; or "Peulvans," from _peul_, pillar, and _maen_ (changed
+in composition into _vaen_), stone. See _Essai sur les Antiquités du
+Département du Morbihan_, par J. Mahé, Vannes, 1825, where much curious
+information on the subject may be found. This writer, as well as the
+Chevalier de Freminville, in his _Monuments du Morbihan_, Brest, 1834, p.
+16., thinks that these menhirs, so abundant throughout Brittany, may be
+distinguished into three classes: 1. Those intended as sepulchral
+monuments; 2. Those erected as memorials of some great battle, or other
+such national event; and 3. Those intended to represent the Deity, and
+which were objects of worship. I have little doubt that these gentlemen are
+correct in the conclusions at which they have arrived in this respect. But
+it is curious to find both of them--men unquestionably of learning, and of
+widely extended and varied reading--considering the poems of Ossian as
+indisputably authentic, and quoting from them largely as from unquestioned
+documents of historic value.
+
+The largest "menhir" known to be in existence--if, indeed, it can still be
+said to be so--is that of Locmariaker, a commune of the department of
+Morbihan, a little to the south of Vannes. This vast stone, before it was
+thrown down and broken into four pieces--its present condition--was
+fifty-eight French feet in length. Its form, when entire, was that of a
+double cone, so that its largest diameter was at about the middle of its
+length. It has been calculated to weigh more than four hundred thousand
+French pounds. In its immediate neighbourhood is a very large specimen of
+the "Dolmens" or druidical altars on which victims were sacrificed.
+
+As to the question when the worship of these stones ceased, my own
+observations of the manners and habits of the people there, some fifteen
+years since, would lead me to say that it had not then ceased. No doubt
+such an assertion would be indignantly repelled by the clergy, and perhaps
+by many of the peasantry themselves. The question, however, if gone into,
+would become a subtle one, turning on another, as to what is to be deemed
+_worship_. And we all know that the tendency of unspiritual minds to
+idolatry has led the priesthood of Rome to institute verbal distinctions on
+this point, which open the door to very much that a plain unbiassed man
+must deem rank polytheism. My knowledge of the people in Italy enables me
+to affirm, with the most perfect certainty, that not only the peasantry
+very generally, but many persons much above that rank, do, to all intents
+and purposes, and in the fullest sense of the word, _worship_ the Madonna,
+and believe that there are several separate and wholly distinct persons of
+that name. And that this worship is often as wholly Pagan in its nature as
+in its object, is curiously proved by the fact, which brings us back again
+to Brittany, that in many instances in that province we find chapels
+dedicated to "Notre Dame de la Joye," and "Notre Dame de Liesse," which are
+all built on spots where, as M. de Freminville says in his _Antiquités du
+Finisterre_, p. 106., "the Celts worshipped a divinity which united the
+attributes of Cybele and Venus." And Souvestre, in his _Derniers Bretons_,
+vol. i. p. 264., tells us that there still exists near the town of
+Tréguier, a chapel dedicated to Notre Dame de la Haine; that it would be a
+mistake to suppose that the people have ceased to believe in a deity of
+hate, and that persons may still be seen skulking thither to pray for the
+gratification of their hatred.
+
+SIR J. EMERSON TENNENT quotes a passage from Borlase, in which he says,
+speaking of this stone-worship among the Cornish, a people of near kin to
+the Armorican Bretons, that it might be traced by the prohibitions of
+councils through the fifth and sixth, and even into the seventh century. I
+find a council, held at Nantes in 658, ordering that the stones worshipped
+by the people shall be removed and put away in places where their
+worshippers cannot find them again; a precaution which the history of some
+of these stones in Brittany shows to have been by no means superfluous. But
+the usage may be traced by edicts seeking to restrain it to a later period
+than this. For in the _Capitulaires_ of Charlemagne (Lib. x. tit. 64.), he
+commands that the abuse of worshipping stones shall be abolished.
+
+There can be no doubt, however, that this worship remained even avowedly to
+a very much more recent period in Brittany. "It is well known," {536} says
+De Freminville, in his _Antiquités des Côtes-du-Nord_, p. 31., "that
+idolatry was still exercised in the Isle of Ushant, and in many parishes of
+the diocese of Vannes, in the seventeenth century. And even at the present
+day," he adds, "how many traces of it do we find in the superstitious
+beliefs of our peasants!"
+
+Many of these notions still so prevalent in the remoter districts of that
+remote province, seem to point to nearly obliterated indications of a
+connexion between these "peulvans" or pillar-stones, and the zodiacal forms
+of worship, which the Druids are known to have, more or less exoterically,
+practised. Thus it is believed in many localities that a "menhir" in the
+neighbourhood _turns on its axis at midnight_. (Mahé, _Essai sur les Antiq.
+du Morbihan_, p. 229.) In other cases the peasantry make a practice of
+specially visiting them on the eve of St. John, _i. e._ at the summer
+solstice.
+
+Various other remnants of the ideas or practices inculcated by the ancient
+faith may be traced in usages and superstitions still prevalent, and,
+without such a key to their explanation, meaningless. With such difficulty
+did the new supplant the old religion. Many curious illustrations may be
+found in Brittany of the means adopted by the priests of the new faith to
+steal, as it were, for their own emblems the adoration which all their
+efforts were ineffectual to turn from its ancient objects, in the manner
+mentioned by the writer in the _Archæologia_, cited by SIR J. E. TENNENT in
+his Note. Thus we find "menhirs" with crosses erected on their summits, and
+sculptured on their sides. See _Notions Historiques, etc. sur le Littoral
+du Département des. Côtes-du-Nord_, par M. Habasque: St. Brieuc, 1834, vol.
+iii. p. 22.
+
+In conclusion, I may observe that this worship prevailed also in Spain--,
+doubtless, throughout Europe--inasmuch as we find the Eleventh and Twelfth
+Councils of Toledo warning those who offered worship to stones, that they
+were sacrificing, to devils.
+
+T. A. T.
+
+Florence, March, 1854.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+SOMERSETSHIRE FOLK LORE.
+
+1. All texts heard in a church to be remembered by the congregation, for
+they must be repeated at the day of judgment.
+
+2. If the clock strikes while the text is being given, a death may be
+expected in the parish.
+
+3. A death in the parish during the Christmas tyde, is a token of many
+deaths in the year. I remember such a circumstance being spoken of in a
+village of Somerset. Thirteen died in that year, a very unusual number.
+Very many attributed this great loss of life to the fact above stated.
+
+4. When a corpse is laid out, a plate of salt is laid on the chest. Why, I
+know not.
+
+5. None can die comfortably under the cross-beam of a house. I knew a man
+of whom it was said at his death, that after many hours hard dying, being
+removed from the position under the cross-beam, he departed peaceably. I
+cannot account for the origin of this saying.
+
+6. Ticks in the oak-beams of old houses, or death-watches so called, warn
+the inhabitants of that dwelling of some misfortune.
+
+7. Coffin-rings, when dug out of a grave, are worn to keep off the cramp.
+
+8. Water from the font is good for ague and rheumatism.
+
+9. No moon, in its change, ought to be seen through a window.
+
+10. Turn your money on hearing the first cuckoo.
+
+11. The cattle low and kneel on Christmas eve.
+
+12. Should a corpse be ever carried through any path, &c., that path cannot
+be done away with. For cases, see Wales, Somerset, Bampton, Devon.
+
+13. On the highest mound of the hill above Weston-super-Mare, is a heap of
+stones, to which every fisherman in his daily walk to Sand Bay, Kewstoke,
+contributes one towards his day's good fishing.
+
+14. Smothering hydrophobic patients is still spoken of in Somerset as so
+practised.
+
+15. Origin of the saying "I'll send you to Jamaica." Did it not take its
+source from the unjudge-like sentence of Judge Jeffries to those who
+suffered without sufficient evidence, for their friendly disposition
+towards the Duke of Monmouth: "To be sent ---- ---- to the plantations of
+Jamaica?" Many innocent persons were so cruelly treated in Somerset.
+
+16. The nurse who brings the infant to be baptized bestows upon the first
+person she meets on her way to the church whatever bread and cheese she can
+offer, _i. e._, according to the condition of the parents.
+
+17. In Devonshire it is thought unlucky not to catch the first butterfly.
+
+18. Mackerel not in season till the lesson of the 23rd and 24th of Numbers
+is read in church. I cannot account for this saying. A better authority
+could have been laid down for the remembering of such like incidents. You
+may almost form a notion yourself without any help. The common saying is,
+Mackerel is in season when Balaam's ass speaks in church.
+
+M. A. BALLIOL.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+IRISH RECORDS.
+
+It not unfrequently happens that ancient deeds and such like instruments
+executed in England, and relating to English families or property, are
+{537} to be found on record upon the rolls of Ireland. The following
+transcripts have been taken from the Memoranda Roll of the Irish Exchequer
+of the first year of Edward II.:
+
+ "Noverint universi me Johannem de Doveria Rectorem Ecclesie de
+ Litlington Lyncolnensis Dyocesis recepisse in Hibernia nomine domini
+ Roberti de Bardelby clerici subscriptas particulas pecunie per manus
+ subscriptorum, videlicet, per manus Johannis de Idessale dimid' marc'.
+ Item per manus Thome de Kancia 5 marc'. Item per manus Ade Coffyn 2
+ marc'. Item per manus mercatorum Friscobaldorum 10 libri una vice et
+ alia vice per manus eorundem mercatorum 100^s, fratre Andr' de
+ Donscapel de ordine minorum mediante. Item per manus Johannis de Seleby
+ 29^s. Item de eodem Johanne alia vice 2 marc' et dimid'. Item per manus
+ ejusdem Johannis tertia vice tres marc' et dimid'. Item per dominum
+ Willielmum de Estden per manus Ricardi de Onyng 100^s. Et per manus
+ domini Johannis de Hothom pro negociis domini Walteri de la Haye centum
+ solid? De quibus particulis pecunie memorate predictum dominum Robertum
+ de Bardelby et ejus executores quoscumque per presentes quieto
+ imperpetuum. Ita tamen quod si alia littera acquietancie ab ista
+ littera de dictis particulis pecunie inveniatur de cetero alicubi pro
+ nulla cassa cancellata irrita et majus imperpetuum habeatur. In cujus
+ rei testimonium sigillum meum presentibus apposui. Datum apud Dublin',
+ 28 die Februarij, anno regni regis Edwardi primo."--_Rot. Mem._ 1 Edw.
+ II. m. 12. dorso.
+
+ "A toutz ceaux q' ceste p'sente l're verrount ou orrount Rauf de
+ Mounthermer salutz en Dieu--Sachez nous avoir ordeine estably e assigne
+ n're foial et loial Mons' Waut' Bluet e dan Waut' de la More, ou lun de
+ eaux, si ambedeux estre ne point, de vendre e n're p'fit fere de totes
+ les gardes e mariages es parties Dirlaunde q' escheierent en n're
+ temps, e de totes autres choses q'a nous aparten[=e]t de droit en celes
+ p'ties, e q^cunque eaux ferount p^r n're prou, co'me est susdit,
+ teignoms apaez e ferme e estable lavoms. En tesmoigne de quele chose a
+ ceste n're l're patente avoms mys n're seal. Don' a Tacstede le qu^it
+ jour de Octobr lan du regne le Rey Edward p^imer."--_Rot. Mem._ 1 Edw.
+ II. m. 17.
+
+ "Rogerus Calkeyn de Gothurste salutem in Domino Sempiternam. Noveritis
+ me remisisse et quietum clamasse pro me et heredibus meis Johanni de
+ Yaneworth heredibus suis et assignatis, totum jus et clame[=u] quod
+ habui vel aliquo modo habere potui, in tenemento de Gothurste in
+ dominio de Cheddeworth. Ita quod nec ego nec heredes mei nec aliquis
+ nomine nostro, aliquid juris vel clamei in prædicto tenemento habere
+ vendicare poterimus imperpetuum. In cujus rei testimonium huic presenti
+ scripto sigillum meum apposui. Hiis testibus, Magistro Waltero de
+ Istelep tunc Barone domini Regis de Scaccario Dublin', Thoma de
+ Yaneworth, Rogero de Glen, Roberto de Bristoll, Roberto scriptore, et
+ aliis."--_Rot. Mem._ 1 Edw. II. m. 30.
+
+JAMES F. FERGUSON.
+
+Dublin.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+DERIVATION OF CURIOUS BOTANIC NAMES, AND ANCIENT ITALIAN KALYDOR.
+
+The generic name of the fern _Ceterach officinarum_ is generally said to be
+derived from the Arabic _Chetherak_. I find however, among a list of
+ancient British names of plants, published in 1633 at the end of Johnson's
+edition of Gerard, the expression _cedor y wrach_, which means _the joined_
+or _double rake_, and is exactly significant of the form of the Ceterach.
+The Fernrakes are joined as it were back to back; but the single prongs of
+the one alternate botanically with those of the other. Master Robert
+Dauyes, of Guissaney in Flintshire, the correspondent of Johnson, gives the
+name of another of the Filices (_Equisetum_) as the English equivalent of
+the ancient British term. But the form of this plant does not at all
+correspond to that signified by the Celtic words. It is not improbable,
+therefore, that he was wrong as respects the correct English name of the
+plant.
+
+The Turkish _shetr_ or _chetr_, to cut, and _warak_, a leaf, seem to point
+out the meaning of the Arabic term quoted in Hooker's _Flora_ and
+elsewhere. Probably some of your Oriental readers will have the kindness to
+supply the exact English for _chetherak_.
+
+It appears to me, however, that the transition from _cedorwrach_ to
+_ceterach_ is more easy, and is a more probable derivation.
+
+Hooker and Loudon say that another generic name, _Veronica_, is of doubtful
+origin. In the Arabic language I find _virunika_ as the name of a plant.
+This word is evidently composed of _nikoo_, beautiful, and _viroo_,
+remembrance; viroonika. therefore means beautiful remembrance, and is but
+an Oriental name for a Forget-me-not, for which flower the _Veronica
+chamædrys_ has often been mistaken. Possibly the name may have come to us
+from the Spanish-Arabian vocabulary. The Spaniards call the same plant
+_veronica_. They use this word to signify the representation of our
+Saviour's face on a handkerchief. When Christ was bearing his cross, a
+young woman, the legend says, wiped his face with her handkerchief, which
+thenceforth retained the divine likeness.[1]
+
+The feminine name _Veronica_ is of course the Latin form of [Greek:
+Pheronikê], victory-bearer (of which Berenice is the Macedonian and Latin
+construction), and is plainly, thus derived, inappropriate as the
+designation of a little azure wild flower which, like loving eyes, greets
+us everywhere.
+
+In looking over Martin Mathée's notes on _Dioscorides_, published 1553, I
+find that Italian women of his time used to make a cosmetic of the root of
+the _Arum_, commonly called "Lords and Ladies." The mixture, he says, makes
+the skin wondrously {538} white and shining, and is called _gersa_. ("_Ils
+font des racines d'Aron de l'eaue et de lexive_," &c., tom. v. p. 98.)
+
+HUGHES FRASER HALLE, LL.D.
+
+South Lambeth.
+
+[Footnote 1: [See "N. & Q.," Vol. vi., pp. 199. 252. 304.]]
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Forensic Jocularities._--The epigram on "Four Lawyers," given in Vol. ix.,
+p. 103. of "N. & Q.," has recalled to my recollection one intended to
+characterise four worthies of the past generation, which I heard some
+thirty years since, and which I send for preservation among other flies in
+your amber. It is supposed to record the history of a case:
+
+ "Mr. Leech
+ Made a speech,
+ Neat, concise, and strong;
+ Mr. Hart,
+ On the other part,
+ Was wordy, dull, and wrong.
+ Mr. Parker
+ Made it darker;
+ 'Twas dark enough without.
+ Mr. Cooke,
+ Cited his book;
+ And the Chancellor said--I doubt."
+
+--a picture of Chancery practice in the days "when George III. was king,"
+which some future Macaulay of the twenty-first or twenty-second century,
+when seeking to reproduce in his vivid pages the form and _pressure_ of the
+time, may cite from "N. & Q." without risk of leading his readers to any
+very inaccurate conclusions.
+
+T. A. T.
+
+Florence.
+
+_Ridley's University._--The author of _The Bible in many Tongues_ (a little
+work on the history of the Bible and its translations, lately published by
+the Religious Tract Society, and calculated to be useful), informs us that
+Ridley "tells us incidentally," in his farewell letter, that he learned
+nearly the whole of St. Paul's Epistles "in the course of his solitary
+walks at Oxford." What Ridley tells us directly in his "Farewell" to
+Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, is as follows:
+
+ "In my orchard (the walls, butts, and trees, if they could speak, would
+ bear me witness) I learned without book almost all Paul's Epistles;
+ yea, and I ween all the canonical epistles, save only the Apocalypse."
+
+ABHBA.
+
+_Marvellous, if true._--
+
+ "This same Duc de Lauragnois had a wife to whom he was tenderly
+ attached. She died of consumption. Her remains were not interred; but
+ were, by some chemical process, reduced to a sort of small stone, which
+ was set in a ring which the Duke always wore on his finger. After this,
+ who will say that the eighteenth century was not a romantic
+ age?"--_Memoirs of the Empress Josephine_, vol. ii. p. 162.: London,
+ 1829.
+
+E. H. A.
+
+_Progress of the War._--One is reminded at the present time of the
+satirical verses with reference to the slow progress of business in the
+National Assembly at the first French Revolution, which were as follows:
+
+ "Une heure, deux heures, trois heures, quatre heures,
+ Cinq heures, six heures, sept heures, midi;
+ Allons-nous diner, mes amis!
+ Allons-nous," &c.
+
+ "Une heure, deux heures, trois heures, quatre heures,
+ Cinq heures, six heures, sept heures, minuit;
+ Allons-nous coucher, c'est mon avis!
+ Allons-nous coucher," &c.
+
+Which may be thus imitated in our language:
+
+ "One o'clock, two o'clock, three o'clock, four,
+ Five o'clock, six o'clock, seven o'clock, eight,
+ Nine o'clock, ten o'clock, eleven o'clock, noon;
+ Let's go to dinner, 'tis none too soon!
+ Let's go to dinner," &c.
+
+ "One o'clock, two o'clock, three o'clock, four,
+ Five o'clock, six o'clock, seven o'clock, eight,
+ Nine o'clock, ten o'clock, eleven, midnight;
+ Let's go to bed, 'tis all very right!
+ Let's go to bed," &c.
+
+F. C. H.
+
+_Hatherleigh Moor, Devonshire._--I copy the following from an old
+Devonshire newspaper, and should be obliged if any of your correspondents
+can authenticate the circumstances commemorated:
+
+ "When John O'Gaunt laid the foundation stone
+ Of the church he built by the river;
+ Then Hatherleigh was poor as Hatherleigh Moor,
+ And so it had been for ever and ever.
+ When John O'Gaunt saw the people were poor,
+ He taught them this chaunt by the river;
+ The people are poor as Hatherleigh Moor,
+ And so they have been for ever and ever.
+ When John O'Gaunt he made his last will,
+ Which he penn'd by the side of the river,
+ Then Hatherleigh Moor he gave to the poor,
+ And so it shall be for ever and ever."
+
+The above lines are stated to have been found "written in an ancient hand."
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+_Cromwellian Gloves._--The _Cambridge Chronicle_ of May 6, says that there
+is in the possession of Mr. Chas. Martin, of Fordham, a pair of gloves,
+reputed to have been worn by Oliver Cromwell. They are made of strong
+beaver, richly fringed with heavy drab silk fringe, and reach half way
+between the wrist and the elbow. They were for a long time in the
+possession of a family at Huntingdon. There is an inscription on the
+inside, bearing the name of Cromwell; but the date is nearly obliterated.
+
+P. J. F. GANTILLON.
+
+{539}
+
+_Restall._--In the curious old church book of the Abbey Parish, Shrewsbury,
+the word _restall_ occurs as connected with burials in the interior of the
+church. I cannot find this word in any dictionary to which I have access.
+Can the readers of "N. & Q." explain its meaning and origin, and supply
+instances and illustrations of its use elsewhere? I subjoin the following
+notes of entries in which the word occurs:
+
+ "1566. Received for restall and knyll.
+
+ 1577. Received for buryalls in the church, viz.
+
+ Itm. for a restall of Jane Powell for her gra^d mother, vijs. viijd."
+
+1593. The word is now altered to "lastiall," and so continues to be written
+till April 29, 1621, when it is written "restiall," which continues to be
+its orthography until 1645, when it ceases to be used altogether, and
+"burials in the church" are alone spoken of.
+
+PRIOR ROBERT OF SALOP.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+SEPULCHRAL MONUMENTS.
+
+(_Continued from_ p. 514.)
+
+In a previous communication, fighting under the shield of a great
+authority, I attempted to prove that the effigies of the mediæval tombs
+presented the semblance of death--death in grandeur, mortality as the
+populace were accustomed to behold it, paraded in sad procession through
+the streets, and dignified in their temples. The character of the costume
+bears additional testimony to their supposed origin, and strongly warrants
+this conclusion. It is highly improbable that the statuaries of that age
+would clothe the expiring ecclesiastic in his sacerdotal robes, case the
+dying warrior in complete steel, and deck out other languishing mortals in
+their richest apparel, placing a lion or a dog, and such like crests or
+emblems, beneath their feet. They were far too matter-of-fact to treat a
+death-bed scene so poetically. The corpse however, when laid in state,
+_was_ arrayed in the official or the worthiest dress, and these heraldic
+appurtenances _did_ occupy that situation. Thus in 1852 were the veritable
+remains of Prince Paul of Wurtemburg, in full regimentals and decorated
+with honours, publicly exhibited in the Chapelle Ardente at Paris
+(_Illustrated London News_, vol. xx. p. 316.). Unimaginative critics
+exclaim loudly against the anomaly of a lifeless body, or a dying
+Christian, being thus dressed in finery, or covered with cumbrous armour;
+and such would have been the case in former days had not the people been so
+familiarised with this solemn spectacle. In an illumination in Froissart we
+have the funeral of Richard II., where the body is placed upon a simple car
+attired in regal robes, a crown being on the head, and the arms crossed. We
+are informed that "the body of the effigies of Oliver Cromwell lay upon a
+bed of state covered with a large pall of black velvet, and that at the
+feet of the effigies stood his crest, according to the custom of ancient
+monuments." The chronicler might, perhaps, have said with more propriety
+"in accordance with tradition;" cause and effect, original and copy, being
+here reversed.
+
+ "In a magnificent manner (he proceeds) the effigies was carried to the
+ east end of Westminster Abbey, and placed in a noble structure, which
+ was raised on purpose to receive it. It remained some time exposed to
+ public view, the corpse having been some days before interred in Henry
+ VII.'s Chapel."
+
+In the account of the funeral obsequies of General Monk, Duke of Albemarle,
+in 1670, the writer says:
+
+ "Wren has acquitted himself so well, that the hearse, now that the
+ effigy has been placed upon it, and surrounded by the banners and
+ bannerols, is a striking and conspicuous object in the old abbey. It is
+ supported by four great pillars, and rises in the centre in the shape
+ of a dome."
+
+It is here also worthy of note, that Horncastle Church affords a curious
+example of the principle of a double representation--one in life, and the
+other in death; before alluded to in the Italian monuments, and in that of
+Aylmer de Valence. On a mural brass (1519), Sir Lionel Dymock kneels in the
+act of prayer; and on another plate covering the grave below, the body is
+delineated wrapt in a shroud--beyond all controversy dead.
+
+Mr. Markland, in his useful work, mentions "the steel-clad sires, and
+mothers mild _reposing_ on their marble tombs;" and borrows from another
+archæologist an admirable description of the chapel of Edward the
+Confessor, who declares that "a more august spectacle can hardly be
+conceived, so many renowned sovereigns _sleeping_ round the shrine of an
+older sovereign, the holiest of his line." It can only be the sleep of
+death, and this the sentiment conveyed: "These all died in faith." The
+subjects of this disquisition are not lounging in disrespectful
+supplication, nor wrapt in sleep enjoying pious dreams, nor stretched on a
+bed of mortal sickness: but the soul, having winged its way from sin and
+suffering, has left its tenement with the beams of hope yet lingering on
+the face, and the holy hands still refusing to relax their final effort.
+Impossible as this may seem to calculating minds, it is nevertheless one of
+the commonest of the authorised and customary modes designed to signify the
+faith, penitence, and peace attendant on a happy end.
+
+C. T.
+
+{540}
+
+ * * * * *
+
+"ES TU SCOLARIS."
+
+Allow me through your pages to ask some of your correspondents for
+information respecting an old and very curious book, which I picked up the
+other day. It is a thin _unpaged_ octavo of twelve leaves, in black-letter
+type, without printer's name or date; but a pencil-note at the bottom of a
+quaint woodcut, representing a teacher and scholars, gives a date 1470! And
+in style of type, abbreviations, &c., it seems evidently of about the same
+age with another book which I bought at the same time, and which bears date
+as printed at "Padua, 1484."
+
+The book about which I inquire bears the title _Es tu Scolaris_, and is a
+Latin-German or Dutch grammar, of a most curious and primitive character,
+proving very manifestly that when William Lilly gave to the world the old
+_Powle's Grammar_, it was not before such a work was needed. A few extracts
+from my book will give some idea of the erudition and etymological
+profundity of the "learned Theban" who compiled this guide to the Temple of
+Learning, which, if they do not instruct, will certainly amuse your
+readers. I should premise that the contractions and abbreviations in the
+printing of the book are so numerous and arbitrary, that it is extremely
+difficult to read, and that this style of printing condenses the
+subject-matter so much, that the twelve leaves would, in modern typography,
+extend to twenty or thirty. The book commences in the interrogatory style,
+in the words of its title, _Es tu Scolaris?_--"_Sum._" It then proceeds to
+ring the changes on this word "_sum_," what part of speech, what kind of
+verb, &c.; and setting it down as _verbum anormalium_, goes on to enumerate
+the anormalous verbs in this verse,--
+
+ "Sum, volo, fero, atque edo,
+ Tot et anormala credo."
+
+Now begins the curious lore of the volume:
+
+ "_Q._ Unde derivatur _sum_?
+
+ _A._ Derivatur a greca dictione, _hemi_ ([Greek: emi]); mutando _h_ in
+ _s_ et _e_ in _u_, et deponendo _i_, _sic habes sum_!"
+
+I dare say this process of derivation will be new to your classical
+readers, but as we proceed, they will say, "Foregad this is more exquisite
+fooling still."
+
+ "_Q._ Unde derivatur _volo_?
+
+ _A._ Derivatur a _beniamin_ (sic pro [Greek: boulomai]) grece; mutando
+ _ben_ in _vo_ et _iamin_ in _lo_, sic habes _volo_. Versus
+
+ Est _volo_ formatum
+ A _beniamin_, bene vocatum.
+
+ _Q._ Unde derivatur _fero_?
+
+ _A._ Dicitur a _phoos_! grece; mutando _pho_ in _fe_ et _os_ in _ro_,
+ sic habes _fero_!
+
+ _Q._ Unde derivatur _edo_?
+
+ _A._ A _phagin_, grece; mutando _pha_ in _e_ et _gin_ in _do_, sic
+ habes _edo_!"
+
+Here be news for etymologists, and proofs, moreover, that when some of the
+zealous antagonists of Martin Luther in the next century denounced "Heathen
+Greek" as a diabolical _invention_ of his, there was little in the grammar
+knowledge of the day to contradict the accusation.
+
+But we have not yet exhausted the wonders and virtues of the word _sum_;
+the grammar lesson goes on to ask,--
+
+ "_Q._ Quare _sum_ non desinit in _o_ nec in _or_?
+
+ _A._ Ad habendum, _d[=r][=n]am_[2] [I cannot expand this contraction,
+ though from the context it means a mark or token], dignitatis sue
+ respectu aliorum verborum.
+
+ _Q._ Declara hoc, et quomodo?
+
+ _A._ Quia per _sum_ intelligitur Trinitas, cum tres habeat litteras,
+ scl. _s_. _u_. et _m_. Etiam illud verbum sum, quamvis de omnibus dici
+ valeat, tamen de Deo et Trinitate proprie dicitur.
+
+ _Q._ Quare _sum_ potius terminatur in _m_ quam in _n_?
+
+ _A._ Quia proprie _m_ rursus intelligitur Trinitas, cum illa littera
+ _m_, tria habet puncta."
+
+I shall feel much obliged for any particulars about this literary curiosity
+which you or any of your correspondents can give.
+
+A. B. R.
+
+Belmont.
+
+[Footnote 2: [Drnam stands for differentiam.]]
+
+ * * * * *
+
+ON A DIGEST OF CRITICAL READINGS IN SHAKSPEARE.
+
+With reference to this subject, which has been so frequently discussed in
+your columns, daily experience convincing me still farther in the opinion
+that the complete performance of the task is impracticable, would you
+kindly allow me to ask what can be done in the now acknowledged case of
+frequent occurrence, where different copies of the folios and quartos vary
+in passages in the very same impression? What copies are to be taken as the
+groundworks of reference; and whose copy of the first folio is to be the
+standard one? Mr. Knight may give one reading as that of the edition of
+1623, and Mr. Singer may offer another from the same work, while the author
+of the "critical digest" may give a third, and all of them correct in the
+mere fact that such readings are really those of the first edition. Thus,
+in respect to a passage in _Measure for Measure_,--
+
+ "For thy own bowels, which do call thee _sire_,"--
+
+it has been stated in your columns that one copy of the second folio has
+this correct reading, whereas every copy I have met with reads _fire_; and
+so likewise the first and third folios. Then, again, in reference to this
+same line, Mr. Collier, in his Shakspeare, vol. ii. p. 48., says that the
+folio edition of 1685 also reads _fire_ for _sire_; but in my copy of the
+fourth folio it is distinctly printed _sire_, and the comma before the word
+very {541} properly omitted. It would be curious to ascertain whether any
+other copies of this folio read _fire_.
+
+J. O. HALLIWELL.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+"_Original Poems._"--There is a volume of poetry by a lady, published under
+the following title, _Original Poems, on several occasions_, by C. R.,
+4to., 1769. Can you inform me whether these poems are likely to have been
+written by Miss Clara Reeve, authoress of _The Old English Baron_, and
+other novels? I have seen at least one specimen of this lady's poetry in
+one of the volumes of Mr. Pratt's _Gleaner_.
+
+SIGMA.
+
+_A Bristol Compliment._--A present made of an article that you do not care
+about keeping yourself is called "A Bristol Compliment." What is the origin
+of the phrase?
+
+HAUGHMOND ST. CLAIR.
+
+_French or Flemish Arms._--What family (probably French or Flemish) bears
+Azure, in chief three mullets argent; in point a ducal coronet or; in base
+a sheep proper crowned with a ducal coronet or.
+
+PENN.
+
+_Precedence._--Will any of your correspondents assign the order of
+precedence of officers in army or navy (having no decoration, knighthood,
+or companionship of any order of knighthood), not as respects each other,
+but as respects civilians? I apprehend that every commission is addressed
+to the bearer, embodying a civil title, as _e.g._, "John Smith, Esquire,"
+or as we see ensigns gazetted, "A. B., Gent." My impression therefore is,
+that in a mixed company of civilians, &c., no officer is entitled to take
+rank higher than the _civil_ title incorporated in his commission would
+imply, apart from his grade in the service to which he belongs. On this
+point I should be obliged by any notices which your correspondents may
+supply; as also by a classification in order of precedence of the ranks
+which I here set down alphabetically: barristers, doctors (in divinity,
+law, medicine), esquires, queen's counsel, serjeants-at-law.
+
+It may be objected that esquire, ecuyer, armiger, is originally a military
+title, but by usage it has been appropriated to civilians.
+
+SUUM CUIQUE.
+
+"[Greek: Sphidê]."--The meaning of this word is wanted. It is not in
+Stephens' _Thesaurus_. It occurs in Eichhoff's _Vergleichung der Sprachen
+Europa und Indien_, p. 234.:
+
+ "Sanscrit _bhid_, schneiden, brechen; Gr. [Greek: phazô]; Lat. fido,
+ findo, fodio; Fr. fends; Lithuan., fouis; Deut. beisse; Eng. bite" [to
+ which Kaltschmidt adds, beissen, speisen, fasten, Futter, Butter, Mund,
+ bitter, mästen, feist, Weide, Wiese, Matte]; "Sans. bhidâ, bhid,
+ Spaltung, Faser; Gr. [Greek: sphidê], Lat. fidis; Sans. bhittis,
+ graben; Lat. fossa; Sans. bhaittar, zerschneider; Lat. fossor."
+
+T. J. BUCKTON.
+
+Lichfield.
+
+_Print of the Dublin Volunteers._--Can any of your correspondents inform me
+when, and where, and by whom, the well-known print of "The Volunteers of
+the City and County of Dublin, as they met on College Green, the 4th day of
+Nov., 1779," was republished? An original copy is not easily procured.
+
+ABHBA.
+
+_John Ogden._--Can any reader of "N. & Q." furnish an account of the
+services rendered by John Ogden, Esq., to King Charles I. of England? The
+following is in the possession of the inquirer:
+
+ "Ogden's Arms, granted to John Ogden, Esq., by King Charles II., for
+ his faithful services to his unfortunate father, Charles I.
+
+ "Shield, Girony of eight pieces, argent and gules; in dexter chief an
+ oak branch, fructed ppr.
+
+ "Crest, Oak tree ppr. Lion rampant against the tree.
+
+ "Motto, Et si ostendo, non jacto."
+
+OAKDEN.
+
+_Columbarium in a Church Tower._--At Collingbourne Ducis, near Marlborough,
+I have been told that the interior of the church tower was constructed
+originally to serve as a columbarium. Can this really be the object of the
+peculiar masonry, what is the date of the tower, and can a similar instance
+be adduced? It is said that the niches are not formed merely by the
+omission of stones, but that they have been carefully widened from the
+opening. Are there any ledges for birds to alight on, or any peculiar
+openings by which they might enter the tower?
+
+J. W. HEWETT.
+
+_George Herbert._--Will any one of your correspondents, skilled in solving
+enigmas, kindly give me an exposition of this short poem of George
+Herbert's? It is entitled--
+
+ "HOPE.
+
+ "I gave to Hope a watch of mine; but he
+ An anchor gave to me.
+ Then an old prayer-book I did present,
+ And he an optic sent.
+ With that, I gave a phial full of tears;
+ But he a few green ears.
+ Ah, loiterer! I'll no more, no more I'll bring;
+ I did expect a ring."
+
+G. D.
+
+_Apparition which preceded the Fire of London._--An account of the
+apparition which predicted the Great Fire of London two months before it
+took place, or a reference to the book in which it may be found, will
+oblige
+
+IGNIPETUS.
+
+{542}
+
+_Holy Thursday Rain-water._--In the parish of Marston St. Lawrence,
+Northamptonshire, there is a notion very prevalent, that rain-water
+collected on Holy Thursday is of powerful efficacy in all diseases of the
+_eye_. Ascension-day of the present year was very favourable in this
+respect to these village oculists, and numbers of the cottagers might be
+seen in all directions collecting the precious drops as they fell. Is it
+known whether this curious custom prevails elsewhere? and what is supposed
+to be the origin of it?
+
+ANON.
+
+_Freemasonry._--A (Hamburg) paper, _Der Freischütz_, brings in its No. 27.
+the following:
+
+ "The great English Lodge of this town will initiate in a few days two
+ deaf and dumb persons; a very rare occurrence."
+
+And says farther in No. 31.:
+
+ "With reference to our notice in No. 27., we farther learned that on
+ the 4th of March, two brethren, one of them deaf and dumb, have been
+ initiated in the great English Lodge; the knowledge of the language,
+ without its pronunciation, has been cultivated by them to a remarkable
+ degree, so that with noting the motion of the lips they do not miss a
+ single word. The ceremony of initiation was the most affecting for all
+ present."
+
+Query 1. Would deaf and dumb persons in England be eligible as members of
+the order? 2. Have similar cases to the above ever occurred in this
+country?
+
+J. W. S. D. 874.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Lewis's "Memoirs of the Duke of Gloucester."_--Can you inform me who was
+the editor of
+
+ "Memoirs of Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, from his birth,
+ July the 24th, 1689, to October 1697: from an original Tract written by
+ Jenkin Lewis. Printed for the Editor, and sold by Messrs. Payne, &c.,
+ London: and Messrs. Prince & Cooke, and J. Fletcher, Oxford, 1789."
+
+In a rare copy of this volume now before me, it is attributed by a
+pencil-note to the editorship of Dr. Philip Hayes, who was organist of
+Magdalen College Chapel, Oxford, from 1777 to 1797. I should be glad to
+learn on what authority this could be stated. I am anxious also to know the
+names of any authors who have published books respecting the life, reign,
+or times of King William III.?
+
+J. R. B.
+
+Oxford.
+
+ [Some of our readers will probably be able to authenticate the
+ editorship of Jenkin Lewis' _Memoirs of the Duke of Gloucester_. The
+ following works on the reign of William III. may be consulted among
+ others: Walter Harris's _History of the Reign of William III._, fol.,
+ 1749; _The History of the Prince of Orange and the Ancient History of
+ Nassau_, 8vo., 1688; _An Historical Account of the Memorable Actions of
+ the Prince of Orange_, 12mo., 1689; _History of William III._, 3 vols.
+ 8vo., 1702; _Life of William III._, 18mo., 1702; another, 8vo., 1703;
+ _The History of the Life and Reign of William III._, Dublin, 4 vols.
+ 12mo., 1747; Vernon's _Letters of the Reign of William III._, edited by
+ G. P. R. James, 3 vols. 8vo., 1841; Paul Grimbolt's _Letters of William
+ III. and Louis XIV._ Consult also Watt and Lowndes' _Bibliographical
+ Dictionaries_, art. WILLIAM III.; and _Catalogue of the London
+ Institution_, vol. i. p. 292.]
+
+_Apocryphal Works._--Can you inform me where I can procure an English
+version of the _Book of Enoch_, so often quoted by Mackay in his admirable
+work _The Progress of the Human Intellect_? Also the _Epistle of Barnabas_,
+and the _Spurious Gospels_?
+
+W. S.
+
+Cleveland Bridge, Bath.
+
+ [_The Book of Enoch_, edited by Archbishop Laurence, and printed at
+ Oxford, has passed through several editions.--_The Catholic Epistle of
+ St. Barnabas_ is included among Archbishop Wake's _Genuine Epistles of
+ the Apostolical Fathers_.--"The Spurious Gospels" will probably be
+ found in _The Apocryphal New Testament_; being all the Gospels,
+ Epistles, and other Pieces now extant, attributed in the first four
+ Centuries to Jesus Christ, his Apostles, and their Companions, and not
+ included in the New Testament by its compilers: London, 8vo., 1820; 2nd
+ edition, 1821. Anonymous, but edited by William Hone.]
+
+_Mirabeau, Talleyrand, and Fouché._--Can any of your correspondents tell me
+which are the best Lives of three of the most remarkable men who figured in
+the age of the French Revolution, viz. Mirabeau, Talleyrand, and Fouché? If
+there are English translations of these works? and also if there is any
+collection of the fierce philippics of Mirabeau?
+
+KENNEDY MCNAB.
+
+ [Mirabeau left a natural son, Lucas Montigny, who published _Memoirs of
+ Mirabeau, Biographical, Literary, and Political_, by Himself, his
+ Uncle, and his adopted Child, 4 vols. 8vo., Lond., 1835.--_Memoirs of
+ C. M. Talleyrand_, 2 vols. 12mo., Lond., 1805. Also his _Life_, 4 vols.
+ 8vo., Lond., 1834.--_Memoirs of Joseph Fouché_, translated from the
+ French, 2 vols. 8vo., Lond., 1825.]
+
+_"The Turks in Europe," and "Austria as It Is."_--I possess an 8vo. volume
+consisting of two anonymous publications, which appeared in London in 1828,
+one entitled _The Establishment of the Turks in Europe, an Historical
+Discourse_, and the other _Austria as It Is, or Sketches of Continental
+Courts_, by an Eye-witness. Can you give me the names of the authors?
+
+ABHBA.
+
+ [_The Turks in Europe_ is by Lord John Russell: but the author of
+ _Austria as It Is_, we cannot discover; he was a native of the Austrian
+ Empire.]
+
+"_Forgive, blest Shade._"--Where were the lines, commencing "Forgive, blest
+shade," first {543} published? I believe it was upon a mural tablet on the
+chancel wall of a small village church in Dorsetshire (Wyke Regis); but I
+have seen it quoted as from a monument in some church in the Isle of Wight.
+
+The tablet at Wyke, in Dorset, was erected anonymously, in the night-time,
+upon the east end of the chancel outer wall; but whether they were
+_original_, or copied from some prior monumental inscription, I do not
+know, and should feel much obliged could any of your readers inform me.
+
+S. S. M.
+
+ [Snow, in his _Sepulchral Gleanings_, p. 44., notices these lines on
+ the tomb of Robert Scott, who died in March, 1806, in Bethnal Green
+ Churchyard. Prefixed to them is the following line: "The grief of a
+ fond mother, and the disappointed hope of an indulgent father." Our
+ correspondent should have given the date of the Wyke tablet.]
+
+_"Off with his head," &c._--Who was the author of the often-quoted line--
+
+ "Off with his head! so much for Buckingham!"
+
+which is not in Shakspeare's _Richard III._?
+
+UNEDA.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+ [Colley Cibber is the author of this line. It occurs in _The Tragical
+ History of Richard III._, altered from Shakspeare, Act IV., near the
+ end.]
+
+"_Peter Wilkins._"--Who wrote this book? and when was it published?
+
+UNEDA.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+ [This work first appeared in 1750, and in its brief title is comprised
+ all that is known--all that the curiosity of an inquisitive age can
+ discover--of the history of the work, and name and lineage of the
+ author. It is entitled _The Life and Adventures of Peter Wilkins, a
+ Cornish Man_. Taken from his own Mouth, in his Passage to England, from
+ off Cape Horn in America, in the ship Hector. By R. S., a passenger in
+ the Hector; Lond. 1750, 2 vols. The dedication is signed R. P. "To
+ suppose the unknown author," remarks a writer in the _Retrospective
+ Review_, vol. vii. p. 121., "to have been insensible to, or careless
+ about, the fair fame to which a work, original in its conception, and
+ almost unique in purity, did justly entitle him, is to suppose him to
+ have been exempt from the influence of that universal feeling, which is
+ ever deepest in the noblest bosoms; the ardent desire of being long
+ remembered after death--of shining bright in the eyes of their
+ cotemporaries, and, when their sun is set, of leaving behind a train of
+ glory in the heavens, for posterity to contemplate with love and
+ veneration."]
+
+_The Barmecides' Feast._--Can you tell me where the story of the Barmecides
+and their famed banquets is to be found?
+
+J. D.
+
+ [In _The Thousand and One Nights_, commonly called _The Arabian Nights'
+ Entertainments_, Lane's edition, chap. v. vol. i. p. 410. Consult also
+ _The Barmecides_, 1778, by John Francis de la Harpe; and Moreri,
+ _Dictionnaire Historique_, art. Barmécides.]
+
+_Captain._--I shall feel greatly obliged by your informing me the proper
+and customary manner of rendering in a Latin epitaph the words "Captain of
+the 29th Regiment." Ainsworth does not give any word which appears to
+answer to "Captain." _Ordinum ductor_ is cumbrous and inelegant.
+
+CLERICUS.
+
+ [The words, "Captain of the 29th Regiment," may be thus rendered into
+ Latin: "Centurio sive Capitanus vicesimæ nonæ cohortis." The word
+ _capitanus_, though not Ciceronian, was in general use for a military
+ captain during the Middle Ages, as appears from Du Cange's _Glossary_:
+ "Item vos armati et congregati quendam de vobis in _capitaneum_
+ elegistis."]
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+COLERIDGE'S UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 496.)
+
+In an article contained in the Number of "N. & Q." for May the 27th last,
+and signed C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, an inconsiderate, not to say a coarse
+attack has been made upon me, which might have been spared had the writer
+sought a private explanation of the matters upon which he has founded his
+charge.
+
+He asks, "How has Mr. Green discharged the duties of his solemn trust? Has
+he made any attempt to give publicity to the _Logic_, the 'great work' on
+_Philosophy_, the work on the Old and New Testaments, to be called _The
+Assertion of Religion_, or the _History of Philosophy_, all of which are in
+his custody, and of which the first is, on the testimony of Coleridge
+himself, a finished work?... For the four works enumerated above, Mr. Green
+is responsible."
+
+Now, though, by the terms of Coleridge's will, I do not hold myself
+"responsible" in the sense which the writer attaches to the term, and
+though I have acted throughout with the cognizance, and I believe with the
+approbation of Coleridge's family, yet I am willing, and shall now proceed
+to give such explanations as an admirer of Coleridge's writings may desire,
+or think he has a right to expect.
+
+Of the four works in question, the _Logic_--as will be seen by turning to
+the passage in the Letters, vol. ii. p. 150., to which the writer refers as
+"the testimony of Coleridge himself"--is described as _nearly_ ready for
+the press, though as yet _unfinished_; and I apprehend it may be proved by
+reference to Mr. Stutfield's notes, the gentleman to whom it is there said
+they were dictated, and who possesses the original copy, that the work
+never was finished. Of the three parts mentioned as the components of {544}
+the work, the _Criterion_ and _Organon_ do not to my knowledge exist; and
+with regard to the other parts of the manuscript, including the _Canon_, I
+believe that I have exercised a sound discretion in not publishing them in
+their present form and _unfinished_ state.
+
+Of the alleged work on the Old and New Testaments, to be called _The
+Assertion of Religion_, I have no knowledge. There exist, doubtless, in
+Coleridge's handwriting, many notes, detached fragments and marginalia,
+which contain criticisms on the Scriptures. Many of these have been
+published, some have lost their interest by the recent advances in biblical
+criticism, and some may hereafter appear; though, as many of them were
+evidently not intended for publication, they await a final judgment with
+respect to the time, form, and occasion of their appearance. But no work
+with the title above stated, no work with any similar object--except the
+_Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit_--is, as far as I know, in existence.
+
+The work to which I suppose the writer alludes as the _History of
+Philosophy_, is in my possession. It was presented to me by the late J.
+Hookham Frere, and consists of notes, taken for him by an eminent shorthand
+writer, of the course of lectures delivered by Coleridge on that subject.
+Unfortunately, however, these notes are wholly unfit for publication, as
+indeed may be inferred from the fact, communicated to me by Coleridge, that
+the person employed confessed after the first lecture that he was unable to
+follow the lecturer in consequence of becoming perplexed and delayed by the
+novelty of thought and language, for which he was wholly unprepared by the
+ordinary exercise of his art. If this _History of Philosophy_ is to be
+published in an intelligible form, it will require to be re-written; and I
+would willingly undertake the task, had I not, in connexion with
+Coleridge's views, other and more pressing objects to accomplish.
+
+I come now to the fourth work, the "great work" on _Philosophy_. Touching
+this the writer quotes from one of Coleridge's letters:
+
+ "Of this work something more than a volume has been dictated by me, so
+ as to exist fit for the press."
+
+I need not here ask whether the conclusion is correct, that because
+"something more than a volume" is fit for the press, I am therefore
+responsible for the whole work, of which the "something more than a volume"
+is a part? But--shaping my answer with reference to the real point at
+issue--I have to state, for the information of Coleridge's readers, that,
+although in the materials for the volume there are introductions and
+intercalations on subjects of speculative interest, such as to entitle them
+to appear in print, the main portion of the work is a philosophical
+_Cosmogony_, which I fear is scarcely adapted for scientific readers, or
+corresponds to the requirements of modern science. At all events, I do not
+hesitate to say that the completion of the whole would be requisite for the
+intelligibility of the part which exists in manuscript.
+
+I leave it then to any candid person to decide whether I should have acted
+wisely in risking its committal to the press in its present shape. Whatever
+may be, however, the opinion of others, I have decided, according to my own
+conscientious conviction of the issue, against the experiment.
+
+But should some farther explanation be expected of me on this interesting
+topic, I will freely own that, having enjoyed the high privilege of
+communion with one of the most enlightened philosophers of the age--and in
+accordance with his wishes the responsibility rests with me, as far as my
+ability extends, of completing his labours,--in pursuance of this trust I
+have devoted more than the leisure of a life to a work in which I hope to
+present the philosophic views of my "great master" in a systematic form of
+unity--in a form which may best concentrate to a focus and principle of
+unity the light diffused in his writings, and which may again reflect it on
+all departments of human knowledge, so that truths may become intelligible
+in the one light of Divine truth.
+
+Meanwhile I can assure the friends and admirers of Coleridge that nothing
+now exists in manuscript which would add materially to the elucidation of
+his philosophical doctrines; and that in any farther publication of his
+literary remains I shall be guided, as I have been, by the duty which I owe
+to the memory and fame of my revered teacher.
+
+JOSEPH HENRY GREEN.
+
+Hadley.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+KING JAMES'S IRISH ARMY LIST, 1689.
+
+(Vol. ix., pp. 30, 31. 401.)
+
+I was much pleased at MR. D'ALTON'S announcement of his work; and I should
+have responded to it sooner, if I could have had any idea that he did not
+possess King's _State of the Protestants in Ireland_; but his inquiry about
+Colonel Sheldon, in Vol. ix., p. 401., shows that he has not consulted that
+work, where (p. 341.) he will find that Dominick Sheldon was
+"Lieutenant-General of the Horse." But after the enumeration of the General
+Staff, there follows a list of the field officers of eight regiments of
+horse, seven of dragoons, and fifty of infantry. In Tyrconnel's regiment of
+horse, Dominick Sheldon appears as lieutenant-colonel. This must have been,
+I suppose, a Sheldon junior, son or nephew of the lieutenant-general of
+horse. This reference to King's work has suggested to me an idea which I
+venture to suggest to MR. D'ALTON as a preliminary to the larger work on
+Irish family genealogies which he is about, and for which we shall {545}
+have I fear to wait too long. I mean an immediate reprint (in a separate
+shape) of the several lists of gentlemen of both parties which are given in
+King's work. This might be done with very little trouble, and, I think,
+without any pecuniary loss, if not with actual profit. It would be little
+more than pamphlet size. The first and most important list would be of the
+names and designations of all the persons included in the acts of attainder
+passed in King James's Irish Parliament of May, 1689. They are, I think,
+about two thousand names, with their residences and personal designations;
+and it is interesting to find that a great many of the same families are
+still seated in the same places. These names I think I should place
+alphabetically in one list, with their designations and residences; and any
+short notes that MR. D'ALTON might think necessary to correct clerical
+error, or explain doubtful names: longer notes would perhaps lead too far
+into family history for the limited object I propose.
+
+In a second list, I would give the names of King James's parliament, privy
+council, army, civil and judicial departments, as we find them in King,
+adding to them an alphabetical index of names. The whole would then exhibit
+a synopsis of the names, residences, and politics of a considerable portion
+of the gentry of Ireland at that important period.
+
+C.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+BARRELL'S REGIMENT.
+
+(Vol. ix., pp. 63. 159.)
+
+Your correspondent H. B. C. is undoubtedly correct in his statement that
+"Ten times a day whip the Barrels," is a regimental parody on the song "He
+that has the best Wife," sung in Charles Coffey's musical farce of _The
+Devil to Pay_, published in 1731. Popular songs have been made the subject
+of political or personal parodies from time immemorial; and no more
+fruitful locality for parodies can be found than a barrack, where the
+individual traits of character are so fully developed, and afford so full a
+scope to the talents of a satirist. Indeed, I knew an officer, who has
+recently retired from the service, who seized on every popular ballad, and
+parodied it, in connexion with regimental affairs, to the delight of his
+brother officers; and in many instances his parodies were far more witty
+than the original comic songs whence they were taken.
+
+As regards the regiment known as Barrell's, at the period assigned as the
+date of the song relative to that corps, _i. e._ circa 1747, there can be
+no doubt as to what corps is alluded to. Barrell's regiment, now the 4th,
+or King's Own, regiment of infantry, is the only corps that was ever known
+in the British army as Barrell's; for although Colonel William Barrell was
+colonel of the present 28th regiment from Sept. 27, 1715, to August 25,
+1730, and of the present 22nd regiment from the latter date to August 8,
+1734, yet neither of these regiments appears to have seen any war-service
+during the periods that they were commanded by him, or to have been known
+in military history as Barrell's regiments. He was appointed to the 4th
+regiment of infantry August 8, 1734, and retained the command of that
+distinguished corps exactly fifteen years, for he died August 9, 1749.
+While he commanded the regiment it embarked for Flanders, and served the
+campaign of 1744, under Field-Marshal Wade. It remained in Flanders until
+the rebellion broke out in Scotland, when it returned to England, and
+marched from Newcastle-on-Tyne to Scotland in January, 1746, arriving on
+the 10th of that month at Edinburgh. The regiment was engaged at the battle
+of Falkirk, Jan. 17, 1746, where its conduct is thus noticed in the
+_General Advertiser_: "The regiments which distinguished themselves were
+Barrell's (King's Own), and Ligonier's foot." Ligonier's regiment is now
+the glorious 48th regiment, of Albuera fame.
+
+At the battle of Culloden Barrell's regiment gained the greatest reputation
+imaginable; the battle was so desperate that the soldiers' bayonets were
+stained with blood to the muzzles of their muskets; there was scarce an
+officer or soldier of the regiment, and of that part of Munro's (now 37th
+regiment) which engaged the rebels, that did not kill one or two men each
+with their bayonets. (_Particulars of the Battle_, published 1746.) Now it
+will be remembered that your correspondent E. H., Vol. ix., p. 159.,
+represents a drummer of the regiment interceding with the colonel for the
+prisoner, by stating that "he behaved well at Culloden." And this leads me
+to the question, Who was the colonel against whom this caricature was
+directed? It is proved ("N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 242.) that regiments were
+known by the names of their _colonels_, whether commanded personally by the
+colonel or not, until July 1, 1751, and indeed for several subsequent
+years.
+
+Now the reference to Culloden renders it probable that the colonel appealed
+to was present at that battle, and perhaps an eye-witness of the personal
+bravery on that occasion of the soldier who was subsequently flogged. But
+although Colonel Barrell _retained_ the colonelcy of the 4th Infantry until
+August, 1749, yet he was promoted to major-general in 1735, after which
+time he would have commanded a _division_, not a _regiment_. In 1739 he was
+farther promoted to lieut.-general, and appointed the same year Governor of
+Pendennis Castle, which office would necessarily remove him from the
+personal command of his regiment. He was not present at the battle of
+Culloden, April 16, 1746, where his regiment was commanded by
+Lieut.-Colonel Robert {546} Rich, who was wounded on that occasion. As to
+the epithet of "Colonel," used by the drummer, that term is always used in
+conversation when addressing a lieutenant-colonel, or even a brevet
+lieutenant-colonel, and its use only proves, therefore, that the officer in
+command of the parade held a higher rank than major. After Culloden, the
+4th regiment moved to the Highlands, and in 1747 returned to Stirling. In
+1749 General Barrell died, and the colonelcy of the regiment was given to
+Lieut.-Colonel Rich, whom I suspect to be the officer alluded to in the
+caricature. I have searched the military records of the 4th regiment, but
+can find no mention of the places at which it was stationed from 1747 to
+1754, in the spring of which year it embarked from Great Britain for the
+Mediterranean, just as it is now doing in the spring of 1854. I am inclined
+to fix the date of the print as 1749 (not 1747), when "Old Scourge"
+_returned_ to his regiment as colonel, at the decease of General Barrell.
+Colonel Rich was not promoted to major-general until Jan. 17, 1758, and his
+commission as colonel is dated Aug. 22, 1749, the day on which he became
+colonel of the 4th regiment. He died in 1785, but retired from the service
+between the years 1771 and 1776: he succeeded his father as a baronet in
+1768.
+
+G. L. S.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+CLAY TOBACCO-PIPES.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 372.)
+
+I was much pleased at reading MR. H. T. RILEY'S Note on this neglected
+subject, in which I take no small interest, and feel happy in communicating
+the little amount of information I possess regarding it. I have long
+thought that the habit of smoking, I do not say tobacco, but some other
+herb, is of much greater antiquity than is generally supposed. Tobacco
+appears to have been introduced amongst us about 1586 by Captain R.
+Greenfield and Sir Francis Drake (vide Brand's _Popular Antiquities_); but
+I have seen pipe-bowls of English manufacture, which had been found
+_beneath_ the encaustic pavement of Buildwas Abbey in Shropshire, which
+gives a much earlier date to the practice of smoking _something_. I
+remember an old man, a perfect Dominie Sampson in his way, who had been in
+turn gaoler, pedagogue, and postmaster, at St. Briavel's, near Tintern
+Abbey, habitually smoking the leaves of coltsfoot, which he cultivated on
+purpose; he told me that he could seldom afford to use tobacco. The pipes
+found in such abundance in the bed of the Thames, and everywhere in and
+about London, I believe to be of Dutch manufacture; they are identical with
+those which Teniers and Ostade put into the mouths of their boors, and have
+for the most part a small pointed heel, a well-defined milled ring around
+the lip, and bear no mark or name of the maker. Such were the pipes used by
+the soldiers of the Parliament, to be found wherever they encamped. I will
+only instance Barton, near Abingdon, on the property of G. Bowyer, Esq.,
+M.P., where I have seen scores while shooting in the fields around the
+ruins of the old fortified mansion. The English pipes, on the contrary,
+have a very broad and flat heel, on which they may rest in an upright
+position, so that the ashes might not fall out prematurely; and on this
+heel the potter's name or device is usually stamped, generally in raised
+characters, though sometimes they are incised. Occasionally the mark is to
+be found on the side of the bowl. A short time ago I exhibited a series of
+some five-and-twenty different types at the Archæological Institution, and
+my collection has been enlarged considerably since. These were principally
+found in Shropshire and Staffordshire, and appear for the most part to have
+been made at Broseley. They are of a very hard and compact clay, which
+retains the impress of the milled ring and the stamp in all its original
+freshness. I shall feel much obliged by receiving any additional
+information upon this subject.
+
+W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.
+
+Temple.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+MADAME DE STAËL.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 451.)
+
+I cannot direct R. A. to the passage in Madame de Staël's works. The German
+book for which he inquires is not by Schlegel _assisted_ by Fichte, but--
+
+ "Friedrich Nicolai's Leben und sonderbare Meinungen. Ein Beitrag zur
+ Literatur-Geschichte des vergangenen und zur Pädagogik des angehenden
+ Jahrhunderts, von Johan Gottlieb Fichte. Herausgegeben von A. W.
+ Schlegel: Tubingen, 1801, 8^o, pp. 130."
+
+There certainly is no ground for the charge that Fichte attacked Nicolai
+when he was too old to reply. Nicolai was born in 1733, and died in 1811;
+so that he was sixty-eight when this pamphlet was published. His _Leben
+Sempronius Gundiberts_ was published in 1798; and your correspondent H. C.
+R. (Vol. vii., p. 20.) partook of his hospitality in Berlin in 1803.
+
+As to the provocation, Fichte (at p. 82.) gives an account of attacks on
+his personal honour; the worst of which seems to be the imputation of
+seeking favourable notices in the _Literary Gazette_ of Jena. In
+_Gundibert_ Fichte's writings were severely handled, but no personal
+imputation was made. I do not know what was said of him in the _Neue
+Deutsche Bibliothek_, but I can hardly imagine any justification for so
+furious an attack {547} as this on Nicolai. I also concur with Madame de
+Staël in thinking the book dull: "Non est jocus esse malignum." It begins
+with an attempt at grave burlesque, but speedily degenerates into mere
+scolding. Take one example:
+
+ "Es war sehr wahr, dass aus seinen (Nicolais) Händen alles beschmutzt
+ und verdreht herausging; aber es war nicht wahr, das er beschmutzen und
+ verdrehen wollte. Es ward ihm nur so durch die Eigenschaft seiner
+ Natur. Wer möchte ein Stinkthier beschuldigen, dass es bohafter Weise
+ alles was es zu sich nehme, in Gestank,--oder die Natter, das sie es in
+ Gift verwandle. Diese Thiere sind daran sehr unschuldig; sie folgen nur
+ ihrer Natur. Eben so unser Held, der nun einmal zum literarischen
+ Stinkthier und der Natter des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts bestimmt war,
+ verbreitete stank um sich, und spritze Gift, nicht aus Bosheit, sondern
+ lediglich durch seine Bestimmung getrieben."--P. 78.
+
+The charge of defiling all he touched will be appreciated by those who have
+read _Sebaldus Nothanker_ and _Sempronius Gundibert_, two of the purest as
+well as of the cleverest novels of the last century.
+
+H. B. C.
+
+U. U. Club.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+CRANMER'S MARTYRDOM.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 392.)
+
+The long-received account of a very striking act in the martyrdom of
+Cranmer is declared to involve an "impossibility." The question is an
+important one in various ways, for it involves moral and religious, as well
+as literary and physiological, considerations of deep interest; but as I
+think the pages of "N. & Q." not the most appropriate vehicle for
+discussion on the former heads, I shall pass them over at present with a
+mere expression of regret that such a subject should have been so mooted
+there. With reference, then, to the literary evidence in favour of the
+fact, that the noble martyr voluntarily put forth his hand into the hottest
+part of the fire which was raging about him, and burnt it first, the
+historians quoted are entirely agreed, differing as they do only in such
+details as might seem rather to imply independent testimony than discrepant
+authority. But the action is declared to be "utterly impossible, because,"
+&c. Why beg the question in this way? "Because," says H. B. C., "the laws
+of physiology and combustion show that he could not have gone beyond _the
+attempt_;" adding, "If the hand were chained over the fire, the shock would
+produce death." Leaving the _hypothetical_ reasoning in both cases to go
+for what it is worth, it would surely be easy to produce facts of almost
+every week from the evidence given in coroners' inquests, in which persons
+have had their limbs burnt off--to say nothing of farther injury--without
+the shock "producing death." The only question then which I think can
+fairly arise, is, whether a person in Cranmer's position could
+_voluntarily_ endure that amount of mutilation by fire which many others
+have _accidentally_ suffered? This may be matter of opinion, but I have no
+doubt, and I suppose no truly Christian philosopher will have any, that the
+man who has faith to "give his body to be burned," and to endure heroically
+such a form of martyrdom, would be quite able to do what is attributed to
+Cranmer, and to Hooper too, "high medical authority" to the contrary
+notwithstanding. I might, indeed, adduce what might be called "high medical
+authority" for my view, _i. e._ the historical evidence of the fact, but I
+think the bandying of opinions on such a subject undesirable. It would be
+more to the point, especially if there really existed any ground for
+"historic doubt" on the subject, or if there was any good reason for
+creating one, to cite cotemporaneous evidence against that usually
+received. With respect to the heart of the martyr being "entire and
+unconsumed among the ashes," I must be permitted to say that, neither on
+physiological nor other grounds, does even this alleged fact, taken in its
+plain and obvious meaning, strike me as forming one of the "impossibilities
+of history."
+
+J. H.
+
+Rotherfield.
+
+Your correspondent H. B. C. doubts the possibility of the story about
+Cranmer's hand, and says that "if a furnace were so constructed that a man
+might hold his hand in the flame without burning his body, the shock to the
+nervous system would deprive him of all command over muscular action before
+the skin could be entirely consumed. If the hand were chained over the
+fire, the shock would produce death." Now, this last assertion I doubt. The
+following is an extract from the account of Ravaillac's execution, given
+with wonderfully minute details by an eye-witness, and published in
+Cimber's _Archives Curieux de l'Histoire de France_, vol. xv. p. 103.:
+
+ "On le couche sur l'eschaffaut, on attache les chevaux aux mains et aux
+ pieds. Sa main droite percée d'un cousteau fut bruslée à feu de
+ souphre. Ce misérable, pour veoir comme ceste exécrable main rotissoit,
+ eut le courage de hausser la teste et de la secouer pour abattre une
+ étincelle de feu qui se prenoit à sa barbe."
+
+So far was this from killing him that he was torn with red-hot pincers, had
+melted lead, &c. poured into his wounds, and he was then "longuement tiré,
+retiré, et promené de tous costez" by four horses:
+
+ "S'il y eut quelque pause, ce ne fut que pour donner temps au bourreau
+ de respirer, au patient de se sentir mourir, aux théologiens de
+ l'exhorter à dire la vérité."
+
+And still:
+
+ "Sa vie estoit forte et vigoureuse; telle que retirant {548} une fois
+ une des jambes, il arresta le cheval qui le tiroit."
+
+I fear your correspondent underrates the power of the human body in
+enduring torture. I have seen a similar account of the execution of
+Damiens, with which I will not shock your readers. The subject is a
+revolting one, but the truth ought to be known, as it is (most humanely, I
+fully believe) questioned.
+
+G. W. R.
+
+Oxford and Cambridge Club.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Difficulties in making soluble Cotton._--In making soluble cotton
+according to the formula given by Mr. Hadow in the _Photographic Journal_,
+and again by MR. SHADBOLT in "N. & Q.," I have been subject to the most
+provoking failures, and should feel obliged if MR. SHADBOLT or any other of
+your correspondents could explain the causes of my failures, which I will
+endeavour to describe.
+
+1st. In using nitrate of potash and sulphuric acid, with a certain quantity
+of water as given, I have _invariably_ found that on adding the cotton to
+the mixture it became _completely dissolved_, and the mass began to
+effervesce violently, throwing off dense volumes of deep red fumes, and the
+whole appearing of a similar colour. I at first thought it might be the
+fault of the sulphuric acid; but on trying some fresh, procured at another
+place, the same effects were produced.
+
+Again, in using the mixed acids (which I tried, not being successful with
+the other method) I found, on following Mr. Hadow's plan, that the cotton
+was also entirely dissolved.
+
+How is the proper temperature at which the cotton is to be immersed to be
+arrived at? Are there any thermometers constructed for the purpose? as, if
+one of the ordinary ones, mounted on wood or metal, was used, the acids
+would attack it, and, I should imagine, prove injurious to the liquids.
+
+At the same time I would ask the reason why all the negative calotypes I
+have taken lately, both on Turner's and Sandford's papers, iodized
+according to DR. DIAMOND'S plan, are never intense, especially the skies,
+by transmitted light, although by reflected light they look of a beautiful
+black and white. I never used formerly to meet with such a failure; but at
+that time I used always to wet the plate glass and attach the paper to it,
+making it adhere by pressing with blotting-paper, and then exciting with a
+buckles brush and dilute gallo-nitrate. But the inconvenience attending
+that plan was, that I was compelled to take out as many double slides as I
+wished to take pictures, which made me abandon it and take to DR. DIAMOND'S
+plan of exciting them and placing them in a portfolio for use. I imagine
+the cause of their not being so intense is the not exposing them while wet.
+
+A bag made of yellow calico, single thickness, has been recommended for
+changing the papers in the open air. I am satisfied it will not do,
+especially if the sun is shining; it may do in some shady places, but I
+have never yet seen any yellow calico so fine in texture as not to allow of
+the rays of light passing through it, unless two or three times doubled. I
+have proved to my own satisfaction that the papers will not bear exposure
+in a bag of single thickness, without browning over immediately the
+developing fluid is applied.
+
+With regard to the using of thin collodion, as recommended by Mr. Hardwick
+in the last Number of the _Photographic Journal_, I am satisfied it is the
+only plan of producing thoroughly good positives; and I have been in the
+habit of thinning down collodion in the same manner for a long time,
+finding that I produced much better pictures with about half the time of
+exposure necessary for a thick collodion.
+
+H. U.
+
+_Light in Cameras._--I cannot sufficiently express my acknowledgments to
+"N. & Q." for the photographic benefits I have derived from its perusal,
+more especially from the communication in No. 240. of LUX IN CAMERA. Since
+I took up the art some months ago, I have had (with two or three
+exceptions) nothing but a succession of failures, principally from the
+browning of the negatives, and on examining my camera, as recommended by
+LUX IN CAMERA, I find it lets in a blaze of light from the cause he
+mentions[3], and thence doubtless my disappointments. But why inflict this
+history upon you? I inclose for your acceptance the best photograph I have
+yet produced from DR. DIAMOND'S "Simplicity of the Calotype." Printed from
+Delamotte's directions:--
+
+First preparation, 5 oz. of aq. dist.; ¼ oz. of muriate of ammonia.
+
+Second process, floating on solution 60 grains of nitrate of silver, 1
+ounce of distilled water.
+
+Is there any better plan than the above?
+
+CHARLES K. PROBERT.
+
+P.S.--The view inclosed is the porch and transept of Newport Church, Essex,
+from the Parsonage garden. Is it printed too dark? I wish I could get the
+grey and white tints I saw in the Photographic Exhibition.[4] Had your
+readers behaved with ordinary gratitude, your photographic portfolio ought
+to have overflowed by this time.
+
+[Footnote 3: It was an expensive one, bought of one of the principal houses
+for the supply of photographic apparatus, &c.]
+
+[Footnote 4: [Some of the best specimens of these tints were forwarded to
+us by MR. PUMPHREY, accompanying the description of his process, printed in
+our eighth volume, p. 349.--ED. "N. & Q."]]
+
+_Cameras._--The note of LUX IN CAMERA has brought in more than one letter
+of thanks; and a valued correspondent has written to us, suggesting "That
+the attention of the Photographic Society, who have as yet done far less
+than they might have done to advance the Art, should be _at once_ turned,
+and that seriously and earnestly, to the production of a light, portable,
+and effective camera for field purposes; one which, at the same time that
+it has the advantages of lightness and portability, should be capable of
+resisting our variable climate." Our correspondent throws out a hint which
+possibly may be adopted with advantage, {549} that papier maché has many of
+the requisites desired, being very firm, light, and impervious to wet.
+
+_Progress of Photography._--As a farther contribution to the History of
+Photography, we have been favoured with the following copy of a letter from
+a well-known amateur, which details in a graphic manner his early
+photographic experiences.
+
+"As there is a sort of reflux of the tide to Mr. Fox Talbot's plan, and
+different people have succeeded best in different ways, it may amuse you to
+hear how I _used_ to work, with better luck than I have had since.
+
+"Mr. Talbot's sensitive wash was very strong, so he floated his paper upon
+distilled water immediately after its application.
+
+"Mr. G. S. Cundell, of Finsbury Circus, diluted the sensitive wash with
+water, instead of floating the paper. Amateurs date their success from the
+time Mr. Cundell published this simple modification of the original
+process.
+
+"Mr. William Hunt, of Yarmouth, was my first friend and instructor in the
+art; and _if_ there be any merit in the pictures I did before I knew you,
+the credit is due to _him entirely_.
+
+"The first paper we tried was Whatman's ivory post, very thick and hard,
+and yet it gave good negatives. We afterwards got a thinner paper, but
+always stuck to Whatman. Neither were we troubled with that _porosity_ in
+the skies of which you complain in the more recently-made papers of that
+manufacturer.
+
+"We first washed the paper with a solution of nitrate of silver, fifteen
+grains to the ounce, going over the surface in all directions with a
+camel-hair brush. As soon as the fluid ceased to run, the paper was
+_rapidly dried before the fire_, and then immersed in a solution of iodide
+of potassium, 500 grains to the pint of water. We used to draw it through
+the solution frequently by the corners, and then let it lie till the yellow
+tint was visible at the back. It was then immediately taken to the pump and
+pumped upon vigorously for two or three minutes, holding it at such an
+angle that the water flushed softly over the surface. We then gave it a few
+minutes in a rain-water bath, inclining the dish at different angles to
+give motion to the water. By this time the iodide of silver looked like
+pure solid brimstone in the wet paper. Then we knew that it was good, and
+hung it up to dry.
+
+"To make this paper sensitive, we took 5 drops of gallic acid (saturated
+solution), 5 drops of glacial acetic acid, 10 drops of a 50-grain solution
+of nitrate of silver, and 100 drops of water. The sensitive wash was poured
+upon a glass plate, and the paper placed thereon. We used to lift the paper
+frequently by one or other corner till it was perfectly limp. We then
+blotted off and placed in the camera, where it would keep a good many
+hours.
+
+"Whether such pictures would have come out spontaneously under the
+developing solution, I know not, for we had not patience enough to try. We
+forced them out in double quick time with red-hot pokers; and great was the
+alarm of my wife to see me rush madly about the house armed with these
+weapons. Yet the plan had its advantages; by presenting the point of the
+poker at a refractory spot, its reluctance to appear was speedily overcome,
+and we persuaded out the shadows.
+
+* * *
+
+"P.S.--I now have the first picture I ever did, little, if at all, altered.
+It was done in July, 1845, with a common meniscus lens. I have just got a
+_capital negative_ by DR. DIAMOND'S plan, but which is spoiled by the
+metallic abominations in Turner's paper."
+
+_A Collodion Difficulty._--With reference to MR. J. COOK'S collodion, I
+would suggest that his ether was indeed "still very strong" of _acid_; by
+which the iodine was set free, and gave him "nearly a port-wine colour."
+This is a common occurrence when the ether or the collodion is acid. The
+remedy is at hand, however. Powder a few grains of _cyanide of potassium_,
+and introduce about a grain at a time, according to the quantity: shake up
+till dissolved, and so on, until you get the clear golden tint. Thus will
+"the mystery be cleared up." I need not say that the essential properties
+of the solution will not be impaired.
+
+ANDREW STEINMETZ.
+
+P.S.--In a day or two I shall send you a _recipe_ for easily turning to
+immediate use the "used-up dipping baths" of _nitrate_, without the
+troublesome process recommended to one of your correspondents.
+
+_Ferricyanide of Potassium._--I have used with success the ferricyanide of
+potassium (the _red_ prussiate of potash, as it is called) for removing the
+stains contracted in photographing. This it does very readily when the
+stains are recent, and it has no injurious effect upon cuts and sore places
+should any exist on the hands. An old stain may with a little pumice be
+very readily removed. I have mentioned this to several friends, and, if not
+a novelty, it is certainly not generally known.
+
+S. PELHAM DALE.
+
+Sion College.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Postage System of the Romans_ (Vol. ix., p. 350.).--Your correspondent
+ARDELIO probably alludes to the system of posts for the conveyance of
+persons, established by the Romans on their great lines of road. An account
+of this may be seen in the work of Bergier, _Histoire des Grands Chemins de
+l'Empire Romain_, lib. iv.; and compare Gibbon's _Decline and Fall_, chap.
+xvii. Communications were made from Rome to the governors of provinces, and
+information was received from them, by means of these posts: see Suet.
+_Oct._ c. xlix. But the Romans had no public institution for the conveyance
+of private letters. A letter post is a comparatively modern institution; in
+England it only dates from the reign of James I. An account of the ancient
+Persian posts is given by Xenoph. _Cyrop._ VIII. vi. § 17, 18.; Herod.
+viii. 98.: compare Schleusner, _Lex. N. T._ in [Greek: angareuô].
+
+L.
+
+As a proof that there is at least one eminent exception to the assertion of
+ARDELIO, that "_we_ know that the Romans must have had a postal system," I
+send the following extract from Dr. William {550} Smith's _Dictionary of
+Greek and Roman Antiquities_, sub voc. Tabellarius:
+
+ "As the Romans had no public post, they were obliged to employ special
+ messengers, who were called Tabellarii, to convey their letters, when
+ they had not an opportunity of sending them otherwise."
+
+[Greek: Halieus].
+
+Dublin.
+
+_Epigram on the Feuds between Handel and Bononcini_ (Vol. ix., p.
+445.).--This epigram, which has frequently been printed as Swift's, was
+written by Dr. Byrom of Manchester. In his very interesting _Diary_, which
+is shortly about to appear under the able editorship of my friend Dr.
+Parkinson in the series of Chetham publications, Byrom mentions it.
+
+ "Nourse asked me if I had seen the verses upon Handel and Bononcini,
+ not knowing that they were mine; but Sculler said I was charged with
+ them, and so I said they were mine; they both said they had been
+ mightily liked."--Byrom's _Remains_ (Cheetham Series), vol. i. part i.
+ p. 173.
+
+The verses are thus more correctly given in Byrom's _Works_, vol. i. p.
+342., edit. 1773:
+
+ "_Epigram on the Feuds between Handel and Bononcini._
+
+ Some say, compar'd to Bononcini,
+ That Mynheer Handel's but a ninny;
+ Others aver that he to Handel
+ Is scarcely fit to hold a candle:
+ Strange all this difference should be,
+ 'Twixt Tweedledum and Tweedledee!"
+
+JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+_Power of prophesying before Death_ (Vol. ii., p. 116.).--In St. Gregory's
+_Dialogues_, b. IV. ch. xxv., the disciple asks,--
+
+ "Velim scire quonam modo agitur quod plerumque morientes multa
+ prædicunt."
+
+The answer begins (ch. xxvi.),--
+
+ "Ipsa aliquando animarum vis subtilitate sua aliquid prævidet.
+ Aliquando autem exituræ de corpore animæ per revelationem ventura
+ cognoscunt. Aliquando vero dum jam juxta sit ut corpus deserant,
+ divinitus afflatæ in secreta coelestia incorporeum mentis oculum
+ mittunt."
+
+J. C. R.
+
+_King John_ (Vol. ix., p. 453.).--I cannot reply to the Queries of
+PRESTONIENSIS, but I have a note of a grant made by John (as _Com.
+Moritoniæ_) of the tithes of the parishes between Rible and Merse, which
+appears to have received the Bishop of Coventry's confirmation, _ap.
+Cestriam, an. 2 Pont. Papæ Coelestini_. John's grant was to the Priory of
+Lancaster. My reference is to Madox, _Formulare Anglicanum_, Lond. 1702, p.
+52, MXCVI. The deed is witnessed by Adam de Blakeburn and Robert de
+Preston, as well as by Phil. Sanson (De Worcester?) and others.
+
+ANON.
+
+_Demoniacal Descent of the Plantagenets_ (Vol. ix., p. 494.).--H. B. C.
+will find another passage, illustrative of this presumption, in Henry
+Knyghton's _Chronica_:
+
+ "De isto quoque Henrico, quondam infantulo et in curia regis Francorum
+ nutrito, beatus Bernardus Abbas de eo sic prophetavit, præsente rege,
+ _De Diabolo venit, et ad Diabolum ibit_: Notans per hoc tam tyrannidem
+ patris sui Galfridi, qui Sagiensem episcopum eunuchaverat, quam etiam
+ istius Henrici futuram atrocitatem qua in beatum Thomam
+ desæviret."--Twysden, _Hist. Angl. Scriptores_, pp. 2393. 32., and
+ 2399. 10.
+
+C. H.
+
+_Burial Service Tradition_ (Vol. ix., p. 451.).--The only cases in which a
+clergyman is legally justified in refusing to read the entire service over
+the body of a parishioner or other person admitted to burial in the
+parochial cemetery, are the three which are mentioned in the preliminary
+rubric, which, as expounded by the highest authorities, are as follows: 1.
+In case the person died without admission to the universal church by
+Christian baptism. 2. Or "denounced 'excommunicate majori excommunicatione'
+for some grievous and notorious crime, and no man able to testify of his
+repentance." (Canon 68.) 3. Or _felo de se_; for in a case of suicide the
+acquittal of the deceased by a coroner's jury entitles him to Christian
+burial. The extraordinary notion of the clergyman, mentioned by the REV. S.
+ADAMS, is certainly erroneous in law. I can only suppose it originated from
+some case in which the severance of the deceased's right hand was regarded
+by the jury as a proof that he did not kill himself. Except in certain
+special cases, none but parishioners are entitled to burial in a parochial
+burying-place at all.
+
+ADVOCATUS.
+
+_Paintings of our Saviour_ (Vol. ix., p. 270.).--Your correspondent J. P.
+may hear of something to his advantage by visiting the church of Santa
+Prassede (Saint Praxedes?), not far from Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. In
+the former he will see, as usual, a list of wonderful relics preserved
+therein, and amongst them "A Portrait of the Saviour, presented by St.
+Peter to Santa Prassede." A valuable gift, truly, if only authentic. The
+name of the artist is not given, I believe, in the above veracious
+document. They had better have made the catalogue complete by putting in
+the name of St. Luke himself, whose pencil, I rather think, is stated to
+have furnished other such portraits elsewhere. "Credat Judæus!"
+
+The Santa Prassede above alluded to is stated to have been a daughter of
+Pudens, mentioned in the Epistles of St. Paul.
+
+M. H. R.
+
+_Widdrington Family_ (Vol. ix., p. 375.).--The church of Nunnington, near
+Helmsly, in the North {551} Riding of Yorkshire, contains two handsome
+marble monuments of Lords Preston and Widdrington. The old hall at
+Nunnington, now occupied by a farmer, was once the seat of Viscount
+Preston, and afterwards of Lord Widdrington. William, Lord Widdrington, who
+is said to be descended from the brave Witherington, celebrated in Chevy
+Chace for having fought upon his stumps, was of the very noble and ancient
+family of the Widdringtons of Widdrington Castle, in the county of
+Northumberland; and great-grandson of the brave Lord Widdrington who was
+slain gallantly fighting in the service of the crown at Wigan, in
+Lancashire, in 1651. William, his grandson, was unfortunately engaged in
+the affair of Preston in 1715, when his estate became forfeited to the
+crown, and he afterwards confined himself to private life. He married a
+daughter of the Lord Viscount Preston above mentioned, one of the
+co-heiresses of the estate at Nunnington, and was in consequence buried in
+the family vault in 1743, aged sixty-five. For other particulars of the
+family of Widdrington, see Camden's _Britannia_.
+
+THOMAS GILL.
+
+Easingwold.
+
+_Mathew, a Cornish Family_ (Vol. ix., pp. 22. 289.).--I fear I cannot give
+the REV. H. T. ELLACOMBE much information on the point he desires of the
+descent of the Devon and Cornwall branches of the Mathew family, which I
+yet entertain the hope some of your readers having access to the Cambrian
+genealogical lore at Dinevawr, Penline, Margam, Fonmon, and other places,
+may be able to graft correctly on their Welsh tree.
+
+I was unable to corroborate in the British Museum the marriages given in
+the Heralds' Visitation of Devon, with Starkey and Gamage. Did a son of
+Reynell of Malston by an heir of Mathew take that name?
+
+MR. ELLACOMBE will find by the Heralds' Visitation that _both_ of the West
+of England branches settled before 1650 in Cornwall, the one at Tresingher,
+the other at Milton; but that of the former, William married Elizabeth
+Wellington, and John married Rebecca Soame, both reverting to settle in
+Devonshire, from whom, perhaps, his ancestress derives.
+
+B.
+
+Birkenhead.
+
+"[Greek: Pistis]," _unde deriv._ (Vol. ix., p. 324.).--The perfect
+impossibility of deriving this word from [Greek: Histêmi] is at once
+evident, on the following grounds: 1. To obtain the letter [pi], recourse
+is had to the compound form [Greek: ephistamai]; but where have we a
+similar instance, in any derived word, of the [epsilon] in [Greek: epi]
+being thus absorbed, and the [pi] taken to commence a fresh word? 2.
+Allowing such an extraordinary process, what possible meaning of [Greek:
+ephistamai] can be adduced in the slightest degree corresponding to the
+established interpretation of [Greek: pistis]?
+
+Throwing aside the termination [Greek: -is], we obtain the letters [Greek:
+pist-], which a very slight knowledge of etymology enables us to trace back
+to [Greek: peithô]; for the stem of this verb is [Greek: PITH] (cf. Aor. 2.
+[Greek: epithon]), and the formation of the adjective [Greek: pistos] from
+[Greek: pe-peist-ai] is clearly analogous to that of the word in question,
+the long syllable and diphthong [Greek: ei] being altered into the short
+and single letter [Greek: i], to which many similar instances may be
+adduced.
+
+[Phi].
+
+There is no doubt as to the derivation of [Greek: pistis] from [Greek:
+peithô]. Compare [Greek: knêstis] from [Greek: knaô] or [Greek: knêthô],
+[Greek: pristis] or [Greek: prêstis] from [Greek: prêthô], [Greek: pustis]
+from [Greek: punthanomai]. Verbs of this form introduce the [Greek: s] into
+the future and other inflected tenses, as [Greek: peisô], [Greek:
+peusomai].
+
+L.
+
+_Author of "The Whole Duty of Man"_ (Vol. vi., p. 537.).--It is asserted in
+the _English Baronetage_ (vol. i. p. 398., 1741), on the authority of Sir
+Herbert Perrot Pakington, Bart., in support of the claim of Lady Pakington
+to the authorship, "the _manuscript, under her own hand_, now remains with
+the family." Can this MS. now be found?
+
+B. H. C.
+
+_Table-turning_ (Vol. ix., pp. 88. 135., &c.).--In turning over Sozomen's
+_Ecclesiastical History_, I observed at b. VI. ch. 34. an account of the
+transaction already printed in your pages from Ammianus Marcellinus. It is
+in brief as follows:--Certain philosophers who were opposed to Christianity
+were anxious to learn who should succeed Valens in the empire. After trying
+all other kinds of divination, they constructed a tripod (or table with
+three legs: see Servius on Virgil, _Æn._ III. 360.) of laurel wood, and by
+means of certain incantations and formulæ, succeeded (by combining the
+letters which were indicated, one by one, by a contrivance of some kind
+connected with the table) in obtaining Th. E. O. D. Now, being anxious and
+hopeful for one Theodorus to succeed to the throne, they concluded that he
+was meant. Valens, hearing of it, put him and them to death, and many
+others whose names began with these letters.
+
+On referring to Socrates, I find that he also names the circumstances just
+alluded to. Although he does not give all the particulars, he adds one
+important statement, which serves to identify the thing more closely with
+modern table-moving and spirit-rapping. "The devil," he says, "induced
+certain curious persons to practise _divination, by calling up the spirits
+of the dead_ ([Greek: nekuomanteian poiêsasthai]), in order to find out who
+should reign after Valens." They succeeded in obtaining the letters Th. E.
+O. D.
+
+I observe a reference to Nicephorus, b. XI. 45., but have not his works at
+hand to consult. {552}
+
+The use of _laurel_, in the construction of the table, seems to connect the
+occurrences with the worship of Apollo. Those who would investigate the
+subject fully must consult such passages in the classics as this from Lucan
+[Lucretius?], lib. i. 739-40.:
+
+ "Sanctius et multo certa ratione magis, quam
+ Pythia, quæ _tripode_ ex Phoebi _lauro_que profatur."
+
+I have a reference to Le Nourry, p. 1345., who, I see, has some remarks
+upon the passage already given from Tertullian; he, however, throws little
+light upon the subject.
+
+HENRY H. BREEN (Vol. viii., p. 330.) says, "It is not unreasonable to
+suppose that table-turning ... was practised in former ages:" to this I
+think we may now subscribe.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+Poplar.
+
+_Pedigree to the Time of Alfred_ (Vol. viii., p. 586.; Vol. ix., p.
+233.).--The person S. D. met at the "King's Head," Egham, was doubtless Mr.
+John Wapshott of Chertsey, Surrey (late of Almoner's Barn Farm in that
+neighbourhood), an intelligent, respectable yeoman, who would feel much
+pleasure in giving S. D. any information he may require.
+
+B. S. ELCOCK.
+
+Bath.
+
+_Quotation wanted_ (Vol. ix., p. 421.).--"Extinctus amabitur idem," is from
+_Horace_, Epist. II. i. 14. (See Vol. vii., p. 81.)
+
+P. J. F. GANTILLON.
+
+"_Hic locus odit, amat._"--In Vol. v. of "N. & Q.," at p. 8., "PROCURATOR"
+gives the two quaintly linked lines--
+
+ "Hic locus odit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat
+ Nequitiam, leges, crimina, jura probos."
+
+as "carved in a beam over the Town Hall of Much Wenlock, in Shropshire."
+They are to be found also in the ancient hall of judicature of the "Palazzo
+del Podesta," at Pistoja, in Tuscany. The ancient stone seats, with their
+stone table in front of them, where the magistrates of the republic
+administered justice in the days of the city's independence, are still
+remaining, and these lines are cut in the stone just over the benches. This
+simple and primitive tribunal was built as it now stands in 1307, and there
+can be no doubt that the verses in question existed there before they found
+their way to Much Wenlock. But as it is hardly likely that they travelled
+direct from Tuscany into Shropshire, the probability is that they may be
+found in some other, or perhaps in many other places. I have not been able
+to light on any clue to the authorship or history of the lines. Perhaps
+some of your correspondents, who have the means of wider researches than
+this city commands, might be more fortunate.
+
+T. A. T.
+
+Florence, March, 1854.
+
+_Writings of the Martyr Bradford_ (Vol. ix., p. 450.).--In reply to MR.
+TOWNSEND'S inquiry respecting early editions of Bradford's writings, I can
+add to the information furnished by the Editor that the copy of his _Hurt
+of Hearyng Masse_, sold at Mr. Jolley's sale, was purchased subsequently of
+Mr. Thorpe, and deposited in the Chetham Library. This edition is not
+noticed by Watt.
+
+In Stevens's _Memoirs of the Life and Martyrdom of John Bradford, with his
+Examinations, Letters, &c._, there is no mention of the letter _ad calcem_
+of--
+
+ "An Account of a Disputation at Oxford, Anno Domini 1554. With a
+ Treatise of the Blessed Sacrament; both written by Bishop Ridley,
+ Martyr. To which is added a Letter written by Mr. John Bradford, never
+ before printed. All taken out of an original manuscript [and published
+ by Gilbert Ironside], Oxford, 1688, 4to."
+
+BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.
+
+_Latin Inscription on Lindsey Court-house_ (Vol. ix., p. 492.).--Your
+correspondent L. L. L. gives this inscription as follows:
+
+ "Fiat Justitia,
+ 1619.
+ Hæc domus
+ Dit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat,
+ Equitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos."
+
+This couplet, in its correct form, evidently stood thus:
+
+ "Hæc custodit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat,
+ Æquitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos."
+
+That is to say,
+
+ "Custodit æquitiam, amat pacem, punit crimina, conservat jura, honorat
+ bonos."
+
+The substantive of _æquus_ is _æquitas_, not _æquitia_. If these verses
+were composed in good Latinity, the first word of the pentameter probably
+was _justitiam_.
+
+L.
+
+_Blanco White's Sonnet_ (Vol. vii., pp. 404. 486.; Vol. ix., p.
+469.).--This sonnet is so beautiful, that I hope it will suffer no
+disparagement in the eyes of any of your admiring readers, if I remind them
+of a passage in Sir Thomas Browne's _Quincunx_, which I conceive may have
+inspired the brilliant genius of Blanco White on this occasion. I regret
+that I have not the precise reference to the passage:
+
+ "_Light_" (says Browne) "_that makes things seen, makes some things
+ invisible_. Were it not for darkness, and the shadow of the earth, _the
+ noblest part of creation had remained unseen_, and _the stars in heaven
+ as invisible_ as on the fourth day, when they were created above the
+ horizon _with the sun_, or there was not an eye to behold them. The
+ greatest mystery of religion is expressed by adumbration; and, in the
+ noblest part of the Jewish types, we find the cherubim shadowing the
+ {553} mercy-seat. _Life itself is but the shadow of death_, and souls
+ departed but the shadows of the living: all things fall under this
+ name. _The sun itself is but the dark simulacrum_, and _light but the
+ shadow of God_!"
+
+J. SANSOM.
+
+Oxford.
+
+_"Wise men labour," &c._ (Vol. ix., p. 468.).--The following version of
+these lines is printed in the _Collection of Loyal Songs, written against
+the Rump Parliament between the Years 1639-1661_:
+
+ "_Complaint._
+
+ "Wise men suffer, good men grieve,
+ Knaves devise and fools believe;
+ Help, O Lord! send aid unto us,
+ Else knaves and fools will quite undo us."
+
+These four lines constitute the whole of the piece, which is anonymous:
+vol. i. p. 27., and also on the title-page.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+ [We are indebted to S-C. P. J. for a similar reply.]
+
+_Copernicus_ (Vol. ix., p. 447.).--This inscription, as given in "N. & Q.,"
+contains two false quantities, _Gr[=a]tiam_ and _V[=e]niam_. May I suggest
+the transposal of the two words, and then all will be right, at least as to
+_prosody_, which, in Latin poetry, seems to override all other
+considerations.
+
+C. DE LA PRYME.
+
+N.B.--What is the nominative to poor _dederat_?
+
+_Meals, Meols_ (Vol. vii., pp. 208. 298.; Vol. ix., p. 409.).--The word
+"mielles" is of frequent occurrence in Normandy and the Channel Islands,
+where it is applied to sandy downs bordering the sea-shore. It is not to be
+found in French dictionaries, and, like the words _hougue_, _falaise_, and
+others in use in Normandy, has probably come down from the Northmen, who
+gave their name to that province.
+
+EDGAR MACCULLOCH.
+
+Guernsey.
+
+_Byron and Rochefoucauld_ (Vol. ix., p. 347.).--Allow me to refer your
+correspondent SIGMA to "N. & Q.," Vol. i., p. 260., where, under the
+signature of MELANION, I noted Byron's two unacknowledged obligations to
+_La Rochefoucauld_, and the blunder made in the note on _Don Juan_, canto
+iii. st. 4. SIGMA will also find these and other passages from Byron given
+among the notes in the translation of _La Rochefoucauld_, published in 1850
+(June) by Messrs. Longman and Co.
+
+C. FORBES.
+
+Temple.
+
+_Robert Eden_ (Vol. ix., p. 374.).--Robert Eden, Archdeacon and Prebendary
+of Winchester, was the son of Robert Eden, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The
+Edens of Auckland and the Edens of Newcastle were descended from two
+brothers. The Archdeacon was fourth cousin of the first baronet. His
+daughter, Mary, married Ebenezer Blackwell, Esq., and their daughter,
+Philadelphia, married Lieut.-Col. G. R. P. Jarvis, of Doddington, in
+Lincolnshire. I am descended from a first cousin of the Archdeacon, and
+could furnish R. E. C., if I knew his address, with farther particulars
+respecting the Edens of Newcastle.
+
+E. H. A.
+
+_Dates of Maps_ (Vol. ix., p. 396.).--I think the answer to MR. WARDEN'S
+very just complaint respecting maps not being _dated_ is easily accounted
+for, much more easily, I fear, than reformed. The last published map is
+considered the most exact and useful; it, therefore, is the interest of the
+map-seller to sell off all of the old ones that he can; hence it is
+difficult, unless some pains are taken, to ascertain which is the last. A.
+publishes a new map of France, B. then publishes one; but _both_ avoid
+putting the date, as the oldest date would sell fewer, and the newer map
+proprietor expects a still newer one soon to appear. By A. I do not mean to
+allude to Mr. Arrowsmith in particular, who is one of the best, if not the
+best, map-seller we have. But why are large military map-sellers so much
+dearer with us than on the Continent? I must except the Ordnance map, which
+is now sold cheaply, thanks entirely to Mr. Hume's exertions in parliament.
+
+A. (1)
+
+_Miss Elstob_ (Vol. iii., p. 497.).--This surname is so uncommon that I
+have met with but three instances of persons bearing it; one was the lady
+referred to by your correspondent, the second was her brother, the Rev.
+William Elstob, and the third was Dryden Elstob, who served for some time
+in the 3rd Light Dragoons, and also, I believe, in the Royal Navy,--at
+least I know that he used to wear a naval uniform in the streets of London.
+I believe that the family was settled at one time at Newcastle-on-Tyne.[5]
+What is known of the family?
+
+JUVERNA.
+
+[Footnote 5: [Both William Elstob and his learned sister were born at
+Newcastle-upon-Tyne, of which place their father, Ralph Elstob, was a
+merchant.]]
+
+_Corporation Enactments_ (Vol. ix., p. 300.).--Your correspondent ABHBA
+having omitted to mention where he found the curious piece of information
+which under this title he supplied to you, I beg leave to supply the
+deficiency. The same paragraph, nearly _verbatim_, has been long since
+published in a book which is by no means rare, the _Dublin Penny Journal_,
+vol. i. p. 226. (No. 29, January 12, 1833), where it appears thus:
+
+ "In the town books of the corporation of Youghal, among many other
+ singular enactments of that body, are two which will now be regarded as
+ curiosities. In the years 1680 and 1700, a cook and a barber were made
+ freemen, on condition that they should severally {554} dress the
+ mayor's feasts, and shave the corporation--gratis!"
+
+Is not this the very paragraph which has been supplied to you as an
+original? The attempt to disguise it by the alteration of two or three
+words is below criticism. Surely, if passages from common or easily
+accessible books are to occupy valuable space in the pages of "N. & Q.," it
+is not too much to expect that reference be honestly given to the work
+which may be cited.
+
+ARTERUS.
+
+Dublin.
+
+_Misapplication of Terms_ (Vol. ix., p. 361.).--Your correspondent is quite
+entitled to the references he demands, and which I had considered
+superfluous. I beg to refer him to the school dictionaries in use by my
+boys, viz. Mr. Young's and Dr. Carey's edition of _Ainsworth_, abridged by
+Dr. Morell; also to the following, all I possess, viz. Dr. Adam
+Littleton's, 4to. 4th ed., 1703; Robertson's ed. of _Gouldman_, 4to., 1674;
+and Gesner's _Thesaurus_, 4 vols. fol. I may add that the observations of
+Horne Tooke are quite to my mind, especially when applied to the "legendary
+stories of nurses and old women." (Todd's _Johnson_.)
+
+Working in the same direction as your correspondent who has caused this
+invasion of your space, I cannot resist the opportunity of protesting
+against the use of "opened up" and "opened out," as applied to the
+developments of national enterprise and industry. These expressions, common
+to many, and frequently to be read in the "leading journal," stand a fair
+chance of becoming established vulgarisms. It is, however, something worse
+than slipshod when a paper of equal pretension, and more particularly
+addressed to the families of the educated classes, informs its readers
+"that some of the admirers of the late Justice Talfourd contemplate the
+erection of a _cenotaph over his grave_ in the cemetery at Norwood."
+(_Illustrated News_, March 25, 1854.)
+
+SQUEERS.
+
+Dotheboys.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
+
+On the publication of the first volume of Mr. Peter Cunningham's edition of
+_The Works of Oliver Goldsmith_, we did not hesitate to pronounce it "the
+best, handsomest, and cheapest edition of Goldsmith which has ever issued
+from the press." The work is now completed by the publication of the fourth
+volume, which contains Goldsmith's Biographies; Reviews; Animated Nature;
+Cock Lane Ghost; Vida's Game of Chess (now first printed as it has been
+found transcribed in Goldsmith's handwriting from the original MS. in the
+possession of Mr. Bolton Corney), and his Letters. And after a careful
+revision of the book, we do not hesitate to repeat our original opinion. It
+is a book which every lover of Goldsmith will delight to place upon his
+shelves.
+
+We have to congratulate Mr. Darling, and also all who are interested in any
+way in theological literature, on the completion of that portion of his
+_Cyclopædia Bibliographica_ which gives us, under the names of the authors,
+an account, not only of the best works extant in various branches of
+literature, but more particularly on those important divisions, biblical
+criticism, commentaries, sermons, dissertations, and other illustrations of
+the Holy Scriptures; the constitution, government, and liturgies of the
+Christian Church; ecclesiastical history and biography; the works of the
+Fathers, and all the most eminent Divines. We sincerely trust that a work
+so obviously useful, and which has been so carefully compiled, will meet
+with such encouragement as will justify Mr. Darling in very speedily going
+to press with the second and not less important division--that in which, by
+an alphabetical arrangement of subjects, a ready reference may be made to
+books, treatises, sermons, and dissertations on nearly all heads of
+divinity, theological controversy, or ecclesiastical inquiry. The utility
+of such an Index is too obvious to require one word of argument in its
+favour.
+
+The subject of the non-purchase of the Faussett Collection by the Trustees
+of the British Museum was brought before Parliament by Mr. Ewart on
+Thursday, 1st June, when copies were ordered to be laid before the House of
+Commons "of all reports, memorials, or other communications to or from the
+Trustees of the British Museum on the subject of the Faussett Collection of
+Anglo-Saxon Antiquities."
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--Miss Strickland's _Lives of the Queens of England_, Vol.
+VI. This volume is entirely occupied with the biography of Mary Beatrice of
+Modena, the Queen of James II., in which Miss Strickland has availed
+herself of a large mass of inedited materials.--_Selections from the
+Writings of the Rev. Sydney Smith_, forming Nos. 61. and 62. of Longman's
+_Traveller's Library_, and containing his admirable Essays on Education,
+the Ballot, American Debts, Wit and Humour, the Conduct of the
+Understanding, and Taste.--_Critical and Historical Essays, &c._, by the
+Right Honourable T. B. Macaulay, _People's_ Edition, Part III., includes
+his Essays on Lord Mahon's War of Succession, Walpole's Letters, Lord
+Chatham, Mackintosh's History of the Revolution, and Lord
+Bacon.--_Annotated Edition of the English Poets_, edited by Robert Bell.
+This month's issue consists of the second volume of the _Poetical Works of
+William Cowper_.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the
+gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are
+given for that purpose:
+
+THE TRIALS OF ROBERT POWELL, EDWARD BURCH, AND MATTHEW MARTIN, FOR FORGERY,
+AT THE OLD BAILEY. London. 8vo. 1771.
+
+ Wanted by _J. N. Chadwick, Esq._, King's Lynn.
+
+{555}
+
+AYRE'S LIFE OF POPE. 2 Vols. 1741.
+
+POPE AND SWIFT'S MISCELLANIES. 1727. 2 Vols. (Motte), with two Vols.
+subsequently published, together 4 Vols.
+
+FAMILIAR LETTERS TO H. CROMWELL BY MR. POPE. Curl, 1727.
+
+POPE'S LITERARY CORRESPONDENCE. Curl, 1735-6. 6 Vols.
+
+POPE'S WORKS. 4to. 1717.
+
+POPE'S CORRESPONDENCE WITH WYCHERLEY. Gilliver, 1729.
+
+NARRATIVE OF DR. ROBERT NORRIS CONCERNING FRENZY OF J. D. Lintot, 1713.
+
+THE NEW REHEARSAL, OR BAYES THE YOUNGER. Roberts, 1714.
+
+COMPLETE ART OF ENGLISH POETRY. 2 Vols.
+
+GAY'S MISCELLANEOUS WORKS. 4 Vols. 12mo. 1773.
+
+RICHARDSONIANA, OR REFLECTIONS ON MORAL NATURE OF MAN. 1776.
+
+A COLLECTION OF VERSES, ESSAYS, &C., occasioned by Pope and Swift's
+Miscellanies. 1728.
+
+ Wanted by _Mr. Francis_, 14. Wellington Street North, Strand.
+
+A TRUE ACCOUNT OF THE VOYAGE OF THE NOTTINGHAM-GALLEY OF LONDON, &C., by
+Captain John Dean. 8vo. London, 1711.
+
+A Falsification of the above, by Longman, Miller, and White. London, 1711.
+8vo.
+
+A LETTER FROM MOSCOW TO THE MARQUIS OF CARMARTHEN, relating to the Czar of
+Muscovy's Forwardness in his great Navy since his return home, by J. Deane.
+London, 1699. Fol.
+
+HOURS OF IDLENESS, LORD BYRON. 8vo. Newark, 1807.
+
+BACON'S ESSAYS IN LATIN.
+
+ Wanted by _S. F. Creswell_, King's College, London.
+
+THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND MAGAZINE. Vol. XXI. 1846. In good order, and in the
+cloth case.
+
+ Wanted by the _Rev. B. H. Blacker_, 11. Pembroke Road, Dublin.
+
+FATHER BRIDOUL'S SCHOOL OF THE EUCHARIST. Trans. by Claget. London, 1687.
+
+FREITAGHII MYTHOLOGIA ETHICA, with 138 Plates. Antv. 1579. 4to.
+
+ Wanted by _J. G._, care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton
+ Street, Dublin.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+Y. S. M. _The letter to this Correspondent has been forwarded._
+
+W. S. _Can our correspondent find a more correct report of the lines quoted
+at the meeting of the Peace Society? Those sent to us are certainly
+inaccurate._
+
+R. B. ALLEN. _The monument in the chancel of the church of Stansted
+Montfichet, in Essex, is to Sir_ Thomas _(not Hugh) Middleton. See
+Wright's_ Essex, vol. ii. p. 160.
+
+_Other Correspondents shall be answered next week._
+
+ERRATA. Vol. ix., p. 193., _throughout the "Curious Marriage Agreement,"
+for Jacob_ Sprier _read Jacob_ Spicer. _He was an inhabitant of Cape May
+County, New Jersey._--Page 468. col i. line 26., _for_ 1789 _read_
+1759.--Page 477., _in art. "Old Rowley," for "father of the_ Jury," _read
+"father of the_ Turf."--Page 469., _in quotation from Ausonius, for_
+"erplevi" _read_ "explevi."
+
+OUR EIGHTH VOLUME _is now bound and ready for delivery, price 10s. 6d.,
+cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Volumes are being made up,
+price 4l. 4s.--For these early application is desirable._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday_.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Gratis and Post Free on application.
+
+FOREIGN THEOLOGY AND ORIENTAL BOOKS.--MR. BROWN'S Catalogue, No. 24.,
+contains Bibles in most languages, Books in all Branches of Biblical
+Criticism and Ecclesiastical History, Liturgies, Councils, a good
+collection of the Fathers, Works relating to the Greek Church, a large
+number of books relative to the Jesuits, Metaphysical Works, a capital
+selection of Hebrew and Oriental Philology, &c. &c.
+
+London: WILLIAM BROWN, 130. 131. and 132. Old Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+OLIVER CROMWELL AND KING CHARLES.--A FAC-SIMILE of an exceedingly curious
+and interesting NEWSPAPER, published during the Commonwealth, announcing
+the DEATH of OLIVER CROMWELL. Also, a Fac-Simile of KING CHARLES'S
+NEWSPAPER, containing curious Gossip about many Eminent Persons and
+Extraordinary Occurrences. Sent (Post Free) on receipt of 12 Postage
+Stamps.
+
+Address, J. H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of
+upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS,
+Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and
+other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on
+receipt of Two Stamps.
+
+MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles
+of the kind ever produced.
+
+J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.--D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square
+(established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
+Guineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these
+pianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial,
+signed by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:--"We, the
+undersigned members of the musical profession, having carefully examined
+the Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great
+pleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears
+to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a
+richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while
+the elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the
+library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R.
+Bishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, E.
+F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F.
+Hassé, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F.
+Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.
+Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry
+Phillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E.
+Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.
+
+D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+WHITEFIELD'S PULPIT.
+
+The Executrix of a deceased Clergyman, amongst other interesting local
+Relics collected by her late husband, is possessed of the PULPIT in which
+Whitefield is supposed to have preached his First Sermon; and, at the time
+of the restoration of St. Mary-de-Cryps, Gloucester, passed into the
+present owner's possession.
+
+The Pulpit is Oak, with carved panels, in shape hectagonal, and has a
+sounding-board. Application for farther particulars to be addressed to
+
+MESSRS. DAVIES & SON, Booksellers, Gloucester.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ROSS & SONS' INSTANTANEOUS HAIR DYE, without Smell, the best and cheapest
+extant.--ROSS & SONS have several private apartments devoted entirely to
+Dyeing the Hair, and particularly request a visit, especially from the
+incredulous, as they will undertake to dye a portion of their hair, without
+charging, of any colour required, from the lightest brown to the darkest
+black, to convince them of its effect.
+
+Sold in cases at 3s. 6d., 5s. 6d., 10s., 15s., and 20s. each case. Likewise
+wholesale to the Trade by the pint, quart, or gallon.
+
+Address, ROSS & SONS, 119. and 120. Bishopsgate Street, Six Doors from
+Cornhill, London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ONE THOUSAND BEDSTEADS TO CHOOSE FROM.--HEAL & SON'S Stock comprises
+handsomely Japanned and Brass-mounted Iron Bedsteads, Children's Cribs and
+Cots of new and elegant designs, Mahogany, Birch, and Walnut-tree
+Bedsteads, of the soundest and best Manufacture, many of them fitted with
+Furnitures, complete. A large Assortment of Servants' and Portable
+Bedsteads. They have also every variety of Furniture for the complete
+furnishing of a Bed Room.
+
+HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED AND PRICED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS AND BEDDING,
+sent Free by Post.
+
+HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.
+
+{556}
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.
+
+THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental
+Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
+
+ £ s. d.
+ A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent
+ Process 1 1 0
+ Additional Copies (each) 0 5 0
+ A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+ (small size) 3 3 0
+ A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+ (larger size) 5 5 0
+
+Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings, Photographed
+and Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions,
+Churches, &c., taken at a short notice.
+
+Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and
+Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed.
+
+Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus.
+
+ PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
+ 168. New Bond Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+THE LONDON SCHOOL OF PHOTOGRAPHY, 78. Newgate Street.--At this Institution,
+Ladies and Gentlemen may learn in One Hour to take Portraits and
+Landscapes, and purchase the necessary Apparatus for Five Pounds. No charge
+is made for the Instruction.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+WHOLESALE PHOTOGRAPHIC DEPOT: DANIEL M^cMILLAN, 132. Fleet Street, London.
+The Cheapest House in Town for every Description of Photographic Apparatus,
+Materials, and Chemicals.
+
+*** Price List Free on Application.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty
+by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; certainty and
+uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most
+faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent
+in the hands of the photographer.
+
+Albumenized paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a
+minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire.
+
+Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.
+
+Instruction in the Processes.
+
+ BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and
+ Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+*** Catalogues sent on application.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety
+of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury
+to the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively
+employed by
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per
+Post, 1s. 2d.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.
+
+KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of
+the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's
+Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and
+pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art.
+Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.
+
+Instructions given in every branch of the Art.
+
+An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens.
+
+GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.
+
+OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian
+Road, Islington.
+
+OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
+Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn; the
+Photographic Institution, Bond Street; and at the Manufactory as above,
+where every description of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The
+Trade supplied.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Patronised by the Royal Family.
+
+TWO THOUSAND POUNDS for any person producing Articles superior to the
+following:
+
+THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREYNESS PREVENTED.
+
+BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is acknowledged to be the most effectual article
+for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strengthening when weak and fine,
+effectually preventing falling or turning grey, and for restoring its
+natural colour without the use of dye. The rich glossy appearance it
+imparts is the admiration of every person. Thousands have experienced its
+astonishing efficacy. Bottles, 2s. 6d.; double size, 4s. 6d.; 7s. 6d. equal
+to 4 small; 11s. to 6 small; 21s. to 13 small. The most perfect beautifier
+ever invented.
+
+SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.
+
+BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its
+effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by royalty and hundreds of the
+first families. Bottles, 5s.
+
+BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effectual remover of Corns and Bunions. It
+also reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an astonishing manner. If space
+allowed, the testimony of upwards of twelve thousand individuals, during
+the last five years, might be inserted. Packets, 1s.; Boxes, 2s. 6d. Sent
+Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham, for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.
+
+ Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street; JACKSON, 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY
+ & EVANS, Dublin; GOULDING, 108. Patrick Street, Cork; BARRY, 9. Main
+ Street, Kinsale; GRATTAN, Belfast; MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow; DUNCAN &
+ FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SANGER, 150. Oxford Street; PROUT, 229. Strand;
+ KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard; SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street; HANNAY,
+ 63. Oxford Street; London. All Chemists and Perfumers will procure
+ them.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.
+
+ON THE PRODUCTION OF WAXED-PAPER NEGATIVES, by JAMES HOW.--Just published
+in THE CHEMIST, a Monthly Journal of Chemical and Physical Science. Edited
+by JOHN and CHARLES WATT. June. Price 1s.
+
+London: SAMUEL HIGHLEY, 32. Fleet Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+ _Directors._
+
+ H. E. Bicknell, Esq. | T. Grissell, Esq.
+ T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P. | J. Hunt, Esq.
+ G. H. Drew, Esq. | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+ W. Evans, Esq. | E. Lucas, Esq.
+ W. Freeman, Esq. | J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+ F. Fuller, Esq. | J. B. White, Esq.
+ J. H. Goodhart, Esq. | J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+ _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.,
+ T. Grissell, Esq.
+ _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+ _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+ Age £ s. d. | Age £ s. d.
+ 17 1 14 4 | 32 2 10 8
+ 22 1 18 8 | 37 2 18 6
+ 27 2 4 5 | 42 3 8 2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER ALE.--MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP & SONS beg to inform the
+TRADE that they are now registering Orders for the March Brewings of their
+PALE ALE in Casks of 18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,
+Burton-on-Trent; and at the under-mentioned Branch Establishments:
+
+ LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.
+ LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.
+ MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.
+ DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.
+ GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.
+ DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.
+ BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.
+ SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.
+
+MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE
+FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly recommended by the Medical
+Profession, may be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES _GENUINE_ from all the
+most RESPECTABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on "ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being
+specially asked for.
+
+When in bottle, the genuineness of the label can be ascertained by its
+having "ALLSOPP & SONS" written across it.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
+of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 10.
+1854.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 241, June
+10, 1854, by Various
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42819 ***
generated by cgit v1.2.3 (git 2.25.1) at 2026-05-15 10:57:32 +0000