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diff --git a/42819.txt b/42819.txt deleted file mode 100644 index b8ad9b1..0000000 --- a/42819.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3593 +0,0 @@ -Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 241, June 10, 1854, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Notes and Queries, Number 241, June 10, 1854 - A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, - Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc - -Author: Various - -Editor: George Bell - -Release Date: May 27, 2013 [EBook #42819] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** - - - - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins -and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian -Libraries) - - - - - -{533} - -NOTES AND QUERIES: - -A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, -GENEALOGISTS, ETC. - -"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. - - * * * * * - - -No. 241.] -SATURDAY, JUNE 10. 1854 -[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. - - * * * * * - - -CONTENTS. - - NOTES:-- Page - - Stone Pillar Worship 535 - - Somersetshire Folk Lore 536 - - Irish Records, by James F. Ferguson 536 - - Derivation of Curious Botanic Names, and Ancient Italian - Kalydor, by Dr. Hughes Fraser Halle 537 - - MINOR NOTES:--Forensic Jocularities--Ridley's University-- - Marvellous, if true--Progress of the War--Hatherleigh - Moor, Devonshire--Cromwellian Gloves--Restall 538 - - QUERIES:-- - - Sepulchral Monuments 539 - - "Es Tu Scolaris" 540 - - On a Digest of Critical Readings in Shakespeare, - by J. O. Halliwell 540 - - MINOR QUERIES:--"Original Poems"--A Bristol Compliment-- - French or Flemish Arms--Precedence--"[Greek: Sphide]"-- - Print of the Dublin Volunteers--John Ogden--Columbarium - in a Church Tower--George Herbert--Apparition which - preceded the Fire of London--Holy Thursday - Rain-water--Freemasonry 541 - - MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Lewis's "Memoirs of the Duke - of Gloucester"--Apocryphal Works--Mirabeau, Talleyrand, - and Fouche--"The Turks in Europe," and "Austria as It - Is"--"Forgive, blest Shade"--"Off with his head," - &c.--"Peter Wilkins"--The Barmecides' Feast--Captain 542 - - REPLIES:-- - - Coleridge's unpublished Manuscripts, by Joseph Henry Green 543 - - King James's Irish Army List, 1689 544 - - Barrell's Regiment 545 - - Clay Tobacco-pipes, by W. J. Bernhard Smith 546 - - Madame de Stael 546 - - Cranmer's Martyrdom 547 - - PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Difficulties in making - soluble Cotton--Light in Cameras--Cameras--Progress of - Photography--A Collodion Difficulty--Ferricyanide - of Potassium 548 - - REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Postage System of the - Romans--Epigram on the Feuds between Handel and - Bononcini--Power of prophesying before Death--King - John--Demoniacal Descent of the Plantagenets--Burial - Service Tradition--Paintings of our Saviour--Widdrington - Family--Mathew, a Cornish Family--"[Greek: Pistis]," - unde deriv.--Author of "The Whole Duty of Man"-- - Table-turning--Pedigree to the Time of Alfred--Quotation - wanted--"Hic locus odit, amat"--Writings of the Martyr - Bradford--Latin Inscription on Lindsey Court-house--Blanco - White's Sonnet--"Wise men labour," &c.--Copernicus--Meals, - Meols--Byron and Rochefoucauld--Robert Eden--Dates of - Maps--Miss Elstob--Corporation Enactments, &c. 549 - - MISCELLANEOUS:-- - - Notes on Books, &c. 554 - - Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 554 - - Notices to Correspondents 555 - - * * * * * - - -Multae terricolis linguae, coelestibus una. - -SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS' - -[Illustration] - -GENERAL CATALOGUE is sent Free by Post. It contains Lists of Quarto Family -Bibles; Ancient English Translations; Manuscript-notes Bibles; Polyglot -Bibles in every variety of Size and Combination of Language; -Parallel-passages Bibles; Greek Critical and other Testaments; Polyglot -Books of Common Prayer; Psalms in English, Hebrew, and many other -Languages, in great variety; Aids to the Study of the Old Testament and of -the New Testament; and Miscellaneous Biblical and other Works. By Post -Free. - -London: SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, 15. Paternoster Row. - -[Greek: Pollai men thnetois Glottai, mia d'Athanatoisin] - - * * * * * - - -THE ORIGINAL QUADRILLES, composed for the PIANO FORTE by MRS. AMBROSE -MERTON. - -London: Published for the Proprietors and may be had of C. LONSDALE, 26. -Old Bond Street; and by Order of all Music Sellers. - -PRICE THREE SHILLINGS. - - * * * * * - - -THE ASTLEY COOPER PRIZE ESSAY FOR 1853. - -This Day, 8vo., with 64 Illustrations, 15s. - -ON THE STRUCTURE AND USE OF THE SPLEEN. By HENRY GREY, F.R.S., Demonstrator -of Anatomy at St. George's Hospital. - -London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. - - * * * * * - - -Just published, in fcap. 8vo., price 7s. 6d. cloth. - -THE BOOK OF PSALMS IN ENGLISH VERSE, and in Measures suited for Sacred -Music. By EDWARD CHURTON, M.A., Archdeacon of Cleveland. - -JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. - - * * * * * - - -Just published, in fcap. 8vo., price 6s. cloth. - -THE WESTERN WORLD REVISITED. By the REV. HENRY CASWALL, M.A., Vicar of -Figheldean; Author of "America and the American Church," "Scotland and the -Scottish Church," &c. - -JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. - - * * * * * - - -In 64mo., price, bound and clasped, 1s. 6d. - -THE SERMON in the MOUNT. Printed by C Whittingham, uniformly with THE THUMB -BIBLE from the Edition of 1693--which may still be had, price 1s. 6d. - -London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. - - * * * * * - - -AMERICAN BOOKS.--LOW, SON, & CO., as the Importers and Publishers of -American Books in this Country, have recently issued a detailed Catalogue -of their Stock in Theology, History, Travels, Biography, Practical Science, -Fiction, &c., a Copy of which will be forwarded upon application. - -By arrangements with the American Publishers, all Works of known or -anticipated interest will in future be published by LOW SON, & CO., -simultaneously with their appearance in America. Works not in the stock -obtained within six weeks of order. Lists of Importations forwarded -regularly when desired. - -Literary Institutions, the Clergy, Merchants and Shippers, and the Trade, -supplied on advantageous terms. - -Small enclosures taken for weekly case to the United States at a moderate -charge. - - * * * * * - - -TO LITERARY MEN, PUBLISHERS, AND OTHERS. - -MESSRS. HOPPER CO., _Record Agents, &c._, beg to inform the Literary World, -that they continue to undertake Searches among, and Transcripts from, the -Public Records in the British Museum, or other Collections. Ancient MSS. -deciphered. Translations from the Norman-French, Law-Latin, and other -Documents carefully executed. Genealogies traced, and Wills consulted. - -*** MSS. bought, sold, or valued. - -4. SOUTHAMPTON STREET, CAMDEN TOWN. - - * * * * * - - -This Day, in One Large Volume, super-royal 8vo., price 2l. 12s. 6d. cloth -lettered. - -CYCLOPAEDIA BIBLIOGRAPHICA: a Library Manual of Theological and General -Literature, and Guide to Books for Authors, Preachers, Students and -Literary Men, Analytical, Bibliographical, and Biographical. By JAMES -DARLING. - -A PROSPECTUS, with Specimens and Critical Notices, sent Free on Receipt of -a Postage Stamp. - -London: JAMES DARLING, 81. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. - - * * * * * - - -Now ready, No. VII. (for May), price 2s. 6d., published Quarterly. - -RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series); consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses -of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books. - -Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also ready. - -JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London. - - * * * * * - - -LONGFELLOW, THE POET.--There is a sweet song by this admired writer just -now much inquired after. It is called "EXCELSIOR." This really sublime -effusion of the poet is charmingly wedded to music by MISS M. LINDSAY. It -is particularly a song for the refined evening circle, and is adorned with -a capital illustration. It is among the recent publications of the MESSRS. -ROBERT COCKS & CO., Her Majesty's Music Publishers, of New Burlington -Street.--See _The Observer_, May 28, 1854. - - * * * * * - - -{534} - -THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE and HISTORICAL REVIEW for JUNE, contains the -following articles:--1. Leaves from a Russian Parterre. 2. History of Latin -Christianity. 3. Our Lady of Montserrat. 4. Memorials of Amelia Opie. 5. -Mansion of the Dennis Family at Pucklechurch, with an Illustration. 6. The -Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: A Plea -for the threatened City Churches--The British Museum Library--The late -Master of Sherburn Hospital--Original Letter and Anecdotes of Admiral -Vernon, &c. With Notes of the Month, Historical and Miscellaneous Reviews, -Reports of Antiquarian and Literary Societies, Historical Chronicle, and -OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the Duke of Parma, the Marquis of Anglesey, -the Earl of Lichfield, Lord Colborne, Lord Cockburn, John Davies Gilbert, -Esq., T. P. Halsey, Esq., Alderman Thompson, Alderman Hooper, Dr. Wardlaw, -Dr. Collyer, Professors Jameson and Wilson, Montgomery the Poet, &c. &c. -Price 2s. 6d. - -NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street. - - * * * * * - - -This Day is published, price 1s. - -CONSECRATION _versus_ DESECRATION.--An APPEAL to the LORD BISHOP of LONDON -against the BILL for the DESTRUCTION of CITY CHURCHES and the SALE of -BURIAL GROUNDS. - - "I hate robbery for burnt-offering." - Isaiah lxi. 8. - -J. B. NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street; J. H. PARKER, Oxford and -London; G. BELL, Fleet Street. - - * * * * * - - -OVER THE WAVES WE FLOAT. Duet by STEPHEN GLOVER, Author of "What are the -Wild Waves Saying?" Words by J. E. CARPENTER, ESQ. 2s. 6d. - - "We cordially recommend it. There is a rich strain of harmony flowing - through the whole of it. It is within easy compass of voice," &c. - &c.--See the _Sheffield Independent_, May 27, 1854. - -London: ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Burlington Street, Music Publishers to the -Queen. - - * * * * * - - -This Day, fcp. 8vo., 5s. - -SYNONYMS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT: being the Substance of a Course of Lectures -addressed to the Theological Students, King's College, London. By RICHARD -CHENEVIX TRENCH, B. D., Professor of Divinity, King's College, and -Examining Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of Oxford. - - Cambridge: MACMILLAN & CO. - London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, - West Strand. - - * * * * * - - -Just published, with ten coloured Engravings, price 5s., - -NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NATURAL HISTORY, selected from the -"Microscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I. - -Also, in 8vo., pp. 720, plates 24, price 21s., or coloured, 36s., - -A HISTORY OF INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil, containing -Descriptions of every species, British and Foreign, the methods of -procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. By -ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I. - -"There is no work extant in which so much valuable information concerning -Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist should add it -to his library."--_Silliman's Journal._ - -London: WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane. - - * * * * * - - -GLASGOW CATHEDRAL. - -Will be published on or about 15th June, with Plan and Historical Notice, - -FOUR VIEWS OF THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF GLASGOW, drawn on Stone from Original -Sketches, and printed in the first style of Chromolithography by MESSRS. N. -J. HOLMES & CO., Glasgow. Complete in Ornamental Wrapper, price One Guinea. - -London: MESSRS. HERING & REMINGTON, Regent Street. - -Glasgow: N. J. HOLMES & CO., Cochran Street; MORISON & KYLE, Queen Street. - - * * * * * - - -DR. VAN OVEN.--On The Decline of Life in Health and Disease. Being an -attempt to investigate the Causes of Longevity and the best Means of -attaining a healthful Old Age. Cloth, 8vo., 10s. 6d. - - "Old and young, the healthy and the invalid, may alike obtain useful - practical hints from Dr. Van Oven's book. His advice and observations - are marked by much experience and good sense."--_Literary Gazette._ - - "Good sense is the pervading characteristic of the - volume."--_Spectator._ - -JOHN CHURCHILL, Princes Street, Soho. - - * * * * * - - -HER MAJESTY'S CONCERT ROOMS, HANOVER SQUARE. - -THE ROYAL SOCIETY - -OF - -FEMALE MUSICIANS, - -_Established 1839, for the Relief of its distressed Members._ - -_Patroness_: Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. _Vice-Patronesses_: Her -Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Her Royal Highness the Duchess of -Cambridge. - -On WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 14, 1854, will be performed, for the Benefit of -this Institution, A MISCELLANEOUS CONCERT of Vocal and Instrumental Music. - -_Vocal Performers_--Miss Birch, Miss Dolby, Miss Pyne, Miss Helen Taylor, -Mrs. Noble, and Miss Louisa Pyne. Madame Persiani, Madame Caradori, Madame -Therese Tanda, and Madame Clara Novello. Signor Gardoni, Mr. H. R. Allen, -Mr. Lawler, and Signor Belletti. - -In the Course of the Concert, the Gentlemen of the Abbey Glee Club will -sing two favourite Glees. - -_Instrumentalists_--Pianoforte, M. Emile Prudent; Violin, M. Remenyi; -Violoncello, M. Van Gelder, Solo Violoncellist to His Majesty the King of -Holland. - -THE BAND will be complete in every Department.--_Conductor_, Mr. W. -Sterndale Bennett. - -The Doors will be opened at Seven o'Clock, and the Concert will commence at -Eight precisely. - -Tickets, Half-a-Guinea each. Reserved Seats, One Guinea each. An Honorary -Subscriber of One Guinea annually, or of Ten Guineas at One Payment (which -shall be considered a Life Subscription), will be entitled to Two Tickets -of Admission, or One for a Reserved Seat, to every Benefit Concert given by -the Society. Donation and Subscriptions will be thankfully received, and -Tickets delivered, by the Secretary, - -MR. J. W. HOLLAND, 13. Macclesfield St., Soho; and at all the Principal -Music-sellers. - - * * * * * - - -CHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the recent improvements. Strong fire-proof safes, -cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of sizes and prices may be had on -application. - -CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool; -16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields, Wolverhampton. - - * * * * * - - -Library of the late JOHN HOLMES, Esq., of the British Museum, Framed -Engravings, &c. - -PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by -AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on THURSDAY, June 15, the -LIBRARY of the late JOHN HOLMES, Esq., of the Manuscript Department of the -British Museum, consisting chiefly of modern useful Books in various -Classes of Literature, Books of Reference, privately printed Books, &c.; -also several framed Engravings, including the popular Works of Sir D. -Wilkie, engraved by Raimbach and Burnet; others by Sir R. Strange, -Woollett, Raphael Morghen, &c.; Stothard's Canterbury Pilgrimage, proof; -and other Engravings, and inclosed Print Case, &c. - -Catalogues may now be had, or will be sent on Receipt of Two Stamps. - - * * * * * - - -AN EXCEEDINGLY INTERESTING AND RARE COLLECTION OF EARLY ENGLISH POETRY. - -MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY & JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property -and Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at their -House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on THURSDAY, June 29, and following -Day, at 1 precisely, a very valuable and important COLLECTION OF EARLY -ENGLISH POETRY, more particularly of the reigns of Elizabeth, James I., and -Charles I., from the extensive library of an eminent collector, deceased; -including many volumes of the greatest rarity and interest, obtained from -the principal sales during the last 40 years.--May be viewed two days -previously, and Catalogues had; if in the Country, on Receipt of Six -Postage Stamps. - - * * * * * - - - THE PRINCIPAL PORTION of the very VALUABLE, IMPORTANT, and exceedingly - CHOICE LIBRARY of J. D. GARDNER, Esq., extending over Eleven Days' - Sale. - -MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY & JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property -and Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by AUCTION, at their -House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on THURSDAY, July 6, and Ten following -Days, at 1 precisely each Day, the principal PORTION of the very valuable -and choice LIBRARY of J. D. GARDNER, ESQ., of Chatteris, Cambridgeshire, -removed from his late Residence, Bottisham Hall, near Newmarket. The -Collection comprises several of the first and very rare editions of the -Classics, forming beautiful specimens of the typography of the 15th -Century; a very extensive assemblage of the early typographical productions -of this country, comprising beautiful specimens from the presses of Caxton, -Maclinia, Pynson, Wynkyn de Worde, and others, including a most beautiful -copy of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, printed by Wynkyn de Worde; a rare -assemblage of the very early editions of the Scriptures in English, -including a remarkably fine copy of the first edition, usually termed -Coverdale's Bible, complete with the exception of two leaves, which are -admirably supplied in fac-simile by Harris, and may be considered as -unique, it having the original Map of the Holy Land complete. Among other -versions of the Scripture may be mentioned the first edition of the New -Testament, by Tyndale. The Library is also rich in early English theology, -history, and particularly so in the poetry of the Elizabethan period, -including many of the rarest volumes that have occurred for sale in the -Heber, Jolley, Utterson, and other collections. Also the first four folio -editions of the Works of Shakspeare, the copy of the first edition being -from the library of John Wilks, Esq., the finest copy ever sold by public -auction. Among other important and valuable Works in the collection, may be -mentioned a remarkably choice and very complete collection of the Works of -De Bry. Early Italian poetry and general Italian literature form a feature -of the collection, many of them being first editions and of considerable -rarity. There are also many other valuable books in general literature, -history, and topography. - -Catalogues are now ready, and may be had on application; if in the Country, -on the Receipt of Twelve Postage Stamps. - - * * * * * - - -{535} - -_LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 10, 1854._ - - * * * * * - -Notes. - -STONE PILLAR WORSHIP. - -In Vol. v., p. 121. of "N. & Q.," there is an interesting note on this -subject by SIR J. EMERSON TENNENT, which he concludes by observing that "it -would be an object of curious inquiry, if your correspondents could -ascertain whether this (the superstitious veneration of the Irish people -for such stones) be the last remnant of pillar worship now remaining in -Europe." I am able to assure him that it is not. The province of Brittany, -in France, is thickly studded with stone pillars, and the history and -manners of its people teem with interesting and very curious traces of the -worship of them. In fact, Brittany and Breton antiquities must form the -principal field of study for any one who would investigate or treat the -subject exhaustively. - -A list of the principal of these pillars still remaining may be found in -the note at p. 77. of the first vol. of Manet's _Histoire de la Petite -Bretagne_: St. Malo, 1834. But abundant notices of them will be met with in -any of the numerous works on the antiquities and topography of the -province. They are there known as "Menhirs," from the Celtic _maen_, stone, -and _hirr_, long; or "Peulvans," from _peul_, pillar, and _maen_ (changed -in composition into _vaen_), stone. See _Essai sur les Antiquites du -Departement du Morbihan_, par J. Mahe, Vannes, 1825, where much curious -information on the subject may be found. This writer, as well as the -Chevalier de Freminville, in his _Monuments du Morbihan_, Brest, 1834, p. -16., thinks that these menhirs, so abundant throughout Brittany, may be -distinguished into three classes: 1. Those intended as sepulchral -monuments; 2. Those erected as memorials of some great battle, or other -such national event; and 3. Those intended to represent the Deity, and -which were objects of worship. I have little doubt that these gentlemen are -correct in the conclusions at which they have arrived in this respect. But -it is curious to find both of them--men unquestionably of learning, and of -widely extended and varied reading--considering the poems of Ossian as -indisputably authentic, and quoting from them largely as from unquestioned -documents of historic value. - -The largest "menhir" known to be in existence--if, indeed, it can still be -said to be so--is that of Locmariaker, a commune of the department of -Morbihan, a little to the south of Vannes. This vast stone, before it was -thrown down and broken into four pieces--its present condition--was -fifty-eight French feet in length. Its form, when entire, was that of a -double cone, so that its largest diameter was at about the middle of its -length. It has been calculated to weigh more than four hundred thousand -French pounds. In its immediate neighbourhood is a very large specimen of -the "Dolmens" or druidical altars on which victims were sacrificed. - -As to the question when the worship of these stones ceased, my own -observations of the manners and habits of the people there, some fifteen -years since, would lead me to say that it had not then ceased. No doubt -such an assertion would be indignantly repelled by the clergy, and perhaps -by many of the peasantry themselves. The question, however, if gone into, -would become a subtle one, turning on another, as to what is to be deemed -_worship_. And we all know that the tendency of unspiritual minds to -idolatry has led the priesthood of Rome to institute verbal distinctions on -this point, which open the door to very much that a plain unbiassed man -must deem rank polytheism. My knowledge of the people in Italy enables me -to affirm, with the most perfect certainty, that not only the peasantry -very generally, but many persons much above that rank, do, to all intents -and purposes, and in the fullest sense of the word, _worship_ the Madonna, -and believe that there are several separate and wholly distinct persons of -that name. And that this worship is often as wholly Pagan in its nature as -in its object, is curiously proved by the fact, which brings us back again -to Brittany, that in many instances in that province we find chapels -dedicated to "Notre Dame de la Joye," and "Notre Dame de Liesse," which are -all built on spots where, as M. de Freminville says in his _Antiquites du -Finisterre_, p. 106., "the Celts worshipped a divinity which united the -attributes of Cybele and Venus." And Souvestre, in his _Derniers Bretons_, -vol. i. p. 264., tells us that there still exists near the town of -Treguier, a chapel dedicated to Notre Dame de la Haine; that it would be a -mistake to suppose that the people have ceased to believe in a deity of -hate, and that persons may still be seen skulking thither to pray for the -gratification of their hatred. - -SIR J. EMERSON TENNENT quotes a passage from Borlase, in which he says, -speaking of this stone-worship among the Cornish, a people of near kin to -the Armorican Bretons, that it might be traced by the prohibitions of -councils through the fifth and sixth, and even into the seventh century. I -find a council, held at Nantes in 658, ordering that the stones worshipped -by the people shall be removed and put away in places where their -worshippers cannot find them again; a precaution which the history of some -of these stones in Brittany shows to have been by no means superfluous. But -the usage may be traced by edicts seeking to restrain it to a later period -than this. For in the _Capitulaires_ of Charlemagne (Lib. x. tit. 64.), he -commands that the abuse of worshipping stones shall be abolished. - -There can be no doubt, however, that this worship remained even avowedly to -a very much more recent period in Brittany. "It is well known," {536} says -De Freminville, in his _Antiquites des Cotes-du-Nord_, p. 31., "that -idolatry was still exercised in the Isle of Ushant, and in many parishes of -the diocese of Vannes, in the seventeenth century. And even at the present -day," he adds, "how many traces of it do we find in the superstitious -beliefs of our peasants!" - -Many of these notions still so prevalent in the remoter districts of that -remote province, seem to point to nearly obliterated indications of a -connexion between these "peulvans" or pillar-stones, and the zodiacal forms -of worship, which the Druids are known to have, more or less exoterically, -practised. Thus it is believed in many localities that a "menhir" in the -neighbourhood _turns on its axis at midnight_. (Mahe, _Essai sur les Antiq. -du Morbihan_, p. 229.) In other cases the peasantry make a practice of -specially visiting them on the eve of St. John, _i. e._ at the summer -solstice. - -Various other remnants of the ideas or practices inculcated by the ancient -faith may be traced in usages and superstitions still prevalent, and, -without such a key to their explanation, meaningless. With such difficulty -did the new supplant the old religion. Many curious illustrations may be -found in Brittany of the means adopted by the priests of the new faith to -steal, as it were, for their own emblems the adoration which all their -efforts were ineffectual to turn from its ancient objects, in the manner -mentioned by the writer in the _Archaeologia_, cited by SIR J. E. TENNENT -in his Note. Thus we find "menhirs" with crosses erected on their summits, -and sculptured on their sides. See _Notions Historiques, etc. sur le -Littoral du Departement des. Cotes-du-Nord_, par M. Habasque: St. Brieuc, -1834, vol. iii. p. 22. - -In conclusion, I may observe that this worship prevailed also in Spain--, -doubtless, throughout Europe--inasmuch as we find the Eleventh and Twelfth -Councils of Toledo warning those who offered worship to stones, that they -were sacrificing, to devils. - -T. A. T. - -Florence, March, 1854. - - * * * * * - -SOMERSETSHIRE FOLK LORE. - -1. All texts heard in a church to be remembered by the congregation, for -they must be repeated at the day of judgment. - -2. If the clock strikes while the text is being given, a death may be -expected in the parish. - -3. A death in the parish during the Christmas tyde, is a token of many -deaths in the year. I remember such a circumstance being spoken of in a -village of Somerset. Thirteen died in that year, a very unusual number. -Very many attributed this great loss of life to the fact above stated. - -4. When a corpse is laid out, a plate of salt is laid on the chest. Why, I -know not. - -5. None can die comfortably under the cross-beam of a house. I knew a man -of whom it was said at his death, that after many hours hard dying, being -removed from the position under the cross-beam, he departed peaceably. I -cannot account for the origin of this saying. - -6. Ticks in the oak-beams of old houses, or death-watches so called, warn -the inhabitants of that dwelling of some misfortune. - -7. Coffin-rings, when dug out of a grave, are worn to keep off the cramp. - -8. Water from the font is good for ague and rheumatism. - -9. No moon, in its change, ought to be seen through a window. - -10. Turn your money on hearing the first cuckoo. - -11. The cattle low and kneel on Christmas eve. - -12. Should a corpse be ever carried through any path, &c., that path cannot -be done away with. For cases, see Wales, Somerset, Bampton, Devon. - -13. On the highest mound of the hill above Weston-super-Mare, is a heap of -stones, to which every fisherman in his daily walk to Sand Bay, Kewstoke, -contributes one towards his day's good fishing. - -14. Smothering hydrophobic patients is still spoken of in Somerset as so -practised. - -15. Origin of the saying "I'll send you to Jamaica." Did it not take its -source from the unjudge-like sentence of Judge Jeffries to those who -suffered without sufficient evidence, for their friendly disposition -towards the Duke of Monmouth: "To be sent ---- ---- to the plantations of -Jamaica?" Many innocent persons were so cruelly treated in Somerset. - -16. The nurse who brings the infant to be baptized bestows upon the first -person she meets on her way to the church whatever bread and cheese she can -offer, _i. e._, according to the condition of the parents. - -17. In Devonshire it is thought unlucky not to catch the first butterfly. - -18. Mackerel not in season till the lesson of the 23rd and 24th of Numbers -is read in church. I cannot account for this saying. A better authority -could have been laid down for the remembering of such like incidents. You -may almost form a notion yourself without any help. The common saying is, -Mackerel is in season when Balaam's ass speaks in church. - -M. A. BALLIOL. - - * * * * * - -IRISH RECORDS. - -It not unfrequently happens that ancient deeds and such like instruments -executed in England, and relating to English families or property, are -{537} to be found on record upon the rolls of Ireland. The following -transcripts have been taken from the Memoranda Roll of the Irish Exchequer -of the first year of Edward II.: - - "Noverint universi me Johannem de Doveria Rectorem Ecclesie de - Litlington Lyncolnensis Dyocesis recepisse in Hibernia nomine domini - Roberti de Bardelby clerici subscriptas particulas pecunie per manus - subscriptorum, videlicet, per manus Johannis de Idessale dimid' marc'. - Item per manus Thome de Kancia 5 marc'. Item per manus Ade Coffyn 2 - marc'. Item per manus mercatorum Friscobaldorum 10 libri una vice et - alia vice per manus eorundem mercatorum 100^s, fratre Andr' de - Donscapel de ordine minorum mediante. Item per manus Johannis de Seleby - 29^s. Item de eodem Johanne alia vice 2 marc' et dimid'. Item per manus - ejusdem Johannis tertia vice tres marc' et dimid'. Item per dominum - Willielmum de Estden per manus Ricardi de Onyng 100^s. Et per manus - domini Johannis de Hothom pro negociis domini Walteri de la Haye centum - solid? De quibus particulis pecunie memorate predictum dominum Robertum - de Bardelby et ejus executores quoscumque per presentes quieto - imperpetuum. Ita tamen quod si alia littera acquietancie ab ista - littera de dictis particulis pecunie inveniatur de cetero alicubi pro - nulla cassa cancellata irrita et majus imperpetuum habeatur. In cujus - rei testimonium sigillum meum presentibus apposui. Datum apud Dublin', - 28 die Februarij, anno regni regis Edwardi primo."--_Rot. Mem._ 1 Edw. - II. m. 12. dorso. - - "A toutz ceaux q' ceste p'sente l're verrount ou orrount Rauf de - Mounthermer salutz en Dieu--Sachez nous avoir ordeine estably e assigne - n're foial et loial Mons' Waut' Bluet e dan Waut' de la More, ou lun de - eaux, si ambedeux estre ne point, de vendre e n're p'fit fere de totes - les gardes e mariages es parties Dirlaunde q' escheierent en n're - temps, e de totes autres choses q'a nous aparten[=e]t de droit en celes - p'ties, e q^cunque eaux ferount p^r n're prou, co'me est susdit, - teignoms apaez e ferme e estable lavoms. En tesmoigne de quele chose a - ceste n're l're patente avoms mys n're seal. Don' a Tacstede le qu^it - jour de Octobr lan du regne le Rey Edward p^imer."--_Rot. Mem._ 1 Edw. - II. m. 17. - - "Rogerus Calkeyn de Gothurste salutem in Domino Sempiternam. Noveritis - me remisisse et quietum clamasse pro me et heredibus meis Johanni de - Yaneworth heredibus suis et assignatis, totum jus et clame[=u] quod - habui vel aliquo modo habere potui, in tenemento de Gothurste in - dominio de Cheddeworth. Ita quod nec ego nec heredes mei nec aliquis - nomine nostro, aliquid juris vel clamei in praedicto tenemento habere - vendicare poterimus imperpetuum. In cujus rei testimonium huic presenti - scripto sigillum meum apposui. Hiis testibus, Magistro Waltero de - Istelep tunc Barone domini Regis de Scaccario Dublin', Thoma de - Yaneworth, Rogero de Glen, Roberto de Bristoll, Roberto scriptore, et - aliis."--_Rot. Mem._ 1 Edw. II. m. 30. - -JAMES F. FERGUSON. - -Dublin. - - * * * * * - -DERIVATION OF CURIOUS BOTANIC NAMES, AND ANCIENT ITALIAN KALYDOR. - -The generic name of the fern _Ceterach officinarum_ is generally said to be -derived from the Arabic _Chetherak_. I find however, among a list of -ancient British names of plants, published in 1633 at the end of Johnson's -edition of Gerard, the expression _cedor y wrach_, which means _the joined_ -or _double rake_, and is exactly significant of the form of the Ceterach. -The Fernrakes are joined as it were back to back; but the single prongs of -the one alternate botanically with those of the other. Master Robert -Dauyes, of Guissaney in Flintshire, the correspondent of Johnson, gives the -name of another of the Filices (_Equisetum_) as the English equivalent of -the ancient British term. But the form of this plant does not at all -correspond to that signified by the Celtic words. It is not improbable, -therefore, that he was wrong as respects the correct English name of the -plant. - -The Turkish _shetr_ or _chetr_, to cut, and _warak_, a leaf, seem to point -out the meaning of the Arabic term quoted in Hooker's _Flora_ and -elsewhere. Probably some of your Oriental readers will have the kindness to -supply the exact English for _chetherak_. - -It appears to me, however, that the transition from _cedorwrach_ to -_ceterach_ is more easy, and is a more probable derivation. - -Hooker and Loudon say that another generic name, _Veronica_, is of doubtful -origin. In the Arabic language I find _virunika_ as the name of a plant. -This word is evidently composed of _nikoo_, beautiful, and _viroo_, -remembrance; viroonika. therefore means beautiful remembrance, and is but -an Oriental name for a Forget-me-not, for which flower the _Veronica -chamaedrys_ has often been mistaken. Possibly the name may have come to us -from the Spanish-Arabian vocabulary. The Spaniards call the same plant -_veronica_. They use this word to signify the representation of our -Saviour's face on a handkerchief. When Christ was bearing his cross, a -young woman, the legend says, wiped his face with her handkerchief, which -thenceforth retained the divine likeness.[1] - -The feminine name _Veronica_ is of course the Latin form of [Greek: -Pheronike], victory-bearer (of which Berenice is the Macedonian and Latin -construction), and is plainly, thus derived, inappropriate as the -designation of a little azure wild flower which, like loving eyes, greets -us everywhere. - -In looking over Martin Mathee's notes on _Dioscorides_, published 1553, I -find that Italian women of his time used to make a cosmetic of the root of -the _Arum_, commonly called "Lords and Ladies." The mixture, he says, makes -the skin wondrously {538} white and shining, and is called _gersa_. ("_Ils -font des racines d'Aron de l'eaue et de lexive_," &c., tom. v. p. 98.) - -HUGHES FRASER HALLE, LL.D. - -South Lambeth. - -[Footnote 1: [See "N. & Q.," Vol. vi., pp. 199. 252. 304.]] - - * * * * * - - -Minor Notes. - -_Forensic Jocularities._--The epigram on "Four Lawyers," given in Vol. ix., -p. 103. of "N. & Q.," has recalled to my recollection one intended to -characterise four worthies of the past generation, which I heard some -thirty years since, and which I send for preservation among other flies in -your amber. It is supposed to record the history of a case: - - "Mr. Leech - Made a speech, - Neat, concise, and strong; - Mr. Hart, - On the other part, - Was wordy, dull, and wrong. - Mr. Parker - Made it darker; - 'Twas dark enough without. - Mr. Cooke, - Cited his book; - And the Chancellor said--I doubt." - ---a picture of Chancery practice in the days "when George III. was king," -which some future Macaulay of the twenty-first or twenty-second century, -when seeking to reproduce in his vivid pages the form and _pressure_ of the -time, may cite from "N. & Q." without risk of leading his readers to any -very inaccurate conclusions. - -T. A. T. - -Florence. - -_Ridley's University._--The author of _The Bible in many Tongues_ (a little -work on the history of the Bible and its translations, lately published by -the Religious Tract Society, and calculated to be useful), informs us that -Ridley "tells us incidentally," in his farewell letter, that he learned -nearly the whole of St. Paul's Epistles "in the course of his solitary -walks at Oxford." What Ridley tells us directly in his "Farewell" to -Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, is as follows: - - "In my orchard (the walls, butts, and trees, if they could speak, would - bear me witness) I learned without book almost all Paul's Epistles; - yea, and I ween all the canonical epistles, save only the Apocalypse." - -ABHBA. - -_Marvellous, if true._-- - - "This same Duc de Lauragnois had a wife to whom he was tenderly - attached. She died of consumption. Her remains were not interred; but - were, by some chemical process, reduced to a sort of small stone, which - was set in a ring which the Duke always wore on his finger. After this, - who will say that the eighteenth century was not a romantic - age?"--_Memoirs of the Empress Josephine_, vol. ii. p. 162.: London, - 1829. - -E. H. A. - -_Progress of the War._--One is reminded at the present time of the -satirical verses with reference to the slow progress of business in the -National Assembly at the first French Revolution, which were as follows: - - "Une heure, deux heures, trois heures, quatre heures, - Cinq heures, six heures, sept heures, midi; - Allons-nous diner, mes amis! - Allons-nous," &c. - - "Une heure, deux heures, trois heures, quatre heures, - Cinq heures, six heures, sept heures, minuit; - Allons-nous coucher, c'est mon avis! - Allons-nous coucher," &c. - -Which may be thus imitated in our language: - - "One o'clock, two o'clock, three o'clock, four, - Five o'clock, six o'clock, seven o'clock, eight, - Nine o'clock, ten o'clock, eleven o'clock, noon; - Let's go to dinner, 'tis none too soon! - Let's go to dinner," &c. - - "One o'clock, two o'clock, three o'clock, four, - Five o'clock, six o'clock, seven o'clock, eight, - Nine o'clock, ten o'clock, eleven, midnight; - Let's go to bed, 'tis all very right! - Let's go to bed," &c. - -F. C. H. - -_Hatherleigh Moor, Devonshire._--I copy the following from an old -Devonshire newspaper, and should be obliged if any of your correspondents -can authenticate the circumstances commemorated: - - "When John O'Gaunt laid the foundation stone - Of the church he built by the river; - Then Hatherleigh was poor as Hatherleigh Moor, - And so it had been for ever and ever. - When John O'Gaunt saw the people were poor, - He taught them this chaunt by the river; - The people are poor as Hatherleigh Moor, - And so they have been for ever and ever. - When John O'Gaunt he made his last will, - Which he penn'd by the side of the river, - Then Hatherleigh Moor he gave to the poor, - And so it shall be for ever and ever." - -The above lines are stated to have been found "written in an ancient hand." - -BALLIOLENSIS. - -_Cromwellian Gloves._--The _Cambridge Chronicle_ of May 6, says that there -is in the possession of Mr. Chas. Martin, of Fordham, a pair of gloves, -reputed to have been worn by Oliver Cromwell. They are made of strong -beaver, richly fringed with heavy drab silk fringe, and reach half way -between the wrist and the elbow. They were for a long time in the -possession of a family at Huntingdon. There is an inscription on the -inside, bearing the name of Cromwell; but the date is nearly obliterated. - -P. J. F. GANTILLON. - -{539} - -_Restall._--In the curious old church book of the Abbey Parish, Shrewsbury, -the word _restall_ occurs as connected with burials in the interior of the -church. I cannot find this word in any dictionary to which I have access. -Can the readers of "N. & Q." explain its meaning and origin, and supply -instances and illustrations of its use elsewhere? I subjoin the following -notes of entries in which the word occurs: - - "1566. Received for restall and knyll. - - 1577. Received for buryalls in the church, viz. - - Itm. for a restall of Jane Powell for her gra^d mother, vijs. viijd." - -1593. The word is now altered to "lastiall," and so continues to be written -till April 29, 1621, when it is written "restiall," which continues to be -its orthography until 1645, when it ceases to be used altogether, and -"burials in the church" are alone spoken of. - -PRIOR ROBERT OF SALOP. - - * * * * * - - -Queries. - -SEPULCHRAL MONUMENTS. - -(_Continued from_ p. 514.) - -In a previous communication, fighting under the shield of a great -authority, I attempted to prove that the effigies of the mediaeval tombs -presented the semblance of death--death in grandeur, mortality as the -populace were accustomed to behold it, paraded in sad procession through -the streets, and dignified in their temples. The character of the costume -bears additional testimony to their supposed origin, and strongly warrants -this conclusion. It is highly improbable that the statuaries of that age -would clothe the expiring ecclesiastic in his sacerdotal robes, case the -dying warrior in complete steel, and deck out other languishing mortals in -their richest apparel, placing a lion or a dog, and such like crests or -emblems, beneath their feet. They were far too matter-of-fact to treat a -death-bed scene so poetically. The corpse however, when laid in state, -_was_ arrayed in the official or the worthiest dress, and these heraldic -appurtenances _did_ occupy that situation. Thus in 1852 were the veritable -remains of Prince Paul of Wurtemburg, in full regimentals and decorated -with honours, publicly exhibited in the Chapelle Ardente at Paris -(_Illustrated London News_, vol. xx. p. 316.). Unimaginative critics -exclaim loudly against the anomaly of a lifeless body, or a dying -Christian, being thus dressed in finery, or covered with cumbrous armour; -and such would have been the case in former days had not the people been so -familiarised with this solemn spectacle. In an illumination in Froissart we -have the funeral of Richard II., where the body is placed upon a simple car -attired in regal robes, a crown being on the head, and the arms crossed. We -are informed that "the body of the effigies of Oliver Cromwell lay upon a -bed of state covered with a large pall of black velvet, and that at the -feet of the effigies stood his crest, according to the custom of ancient -monuments." The chronicler might, perhaps, have said with more propriety -"in accordance with tradition;" cause and effect, original and copy, being -here reversed. - - "In a magnificent manner (he proceeds) the effigies was carried to the - east end of Westminster Abbey, and placed in a noble structure, which - was raised on purpose to receive it. It remained some time exposed to - public view, the corpse having been some days before interred in Henry - VII.'s Chapel." - -In the account of the funeral obsequies of General Monk, Duke of Albemarle, -in 1670, the writer says: - - "Wren has acquitted himself so well, that the hearse, now that the - effigy has been placed upon it, and surrounded by the banners and - bannerols, is a striking and conspicuous object in the old abbey. It is - supported by four great pillars, and rises in the centre in the shape - of a dome." - -It is here also worthy of note, that Horncastle Church affords a curious -example of the principle of a double representation--one in life, and the -other in death; before alluded to in the Italian monuments, and in that of -Aylmer de Valence. On a mural brass (1519), Sir Lionel Dymock kneels in the -act of prayer; and on another plate covering the grave below, the body is -delineated wrapt in a shroud--beyond all controversy dead. - -Mr. Markland, in his useful work, mentions "the steel-clad sires, and -mothers mild _reposing_ on their marble tombs;" and borrows from another -archaeologist an admirable description of the chapel of Edward the -Confessor, who declares that "a more august spectacle can hardly be -conceived, so many renowned sovereigns _sleeping_ round the shrine of an -older sovereign, the holiest of his line." It can only be the sleep of -death, and this the sentiment conveyed: "These all died in faith." The -subjects of this disquisition are not lounging in disrespectful -supplication, nor wrapt in sleep enjoying pious dreams, nor stretched on a -bed of mortal sickness: but the soul, having winged its way from sin and -suffering, has left its tenement with the beams of hope yet lingering on -the face, and the holy hands still refusing to relax their final effort. -Impossible as this may seem to calculating minds, it is nevertheless one of -the commonest of the authorised and customary modes designed to signify the -faith, penitence, and peace attendant on a happy end. - -C. T. - -{540} - - * * * * * - -"ES TU SCOLARIS." - -Allow me through your pages to ask some of your correspondents for -information respecting an old and very curious book, which I picked up the -other day. It is a thin _unpaged_ octavo of twelve leaves, in black-letter -type, without printer's name or date; but a pencil-note at the bottom of a -quaint woodcut, representing a teacher and scholars, gives a date 1470! And -in style of type, abbreviations, &c., it seems evidently of about the same -age with another book which I bought at the same time, and which bears date -as printed at "Padua, 1484." - -The book about which I inquire bears the title _Es tu Scolaris_, and is a -Latin-German or Dutch grammar, of a most curious and primitive character, -proving very manifestly that when William Lilly gave to the world the old -_Powle's Grammar_, it was not before such a work was needed. A few extracts -from my book will give some idea of the erudition and etymological -profundity of the "learned Theban" who compiled this guide to the Temple of -Learning, which, if they do not instruct, will certainly amuse your -readers. I should premise that the contractions and abbreviations in the -printing of the book are so numerous and arbitrary, that it is extremely -difficult to read, and that this style of printing condenses the -subject-matter so much, that the twelve leaves would, in modern typography, -extend to twenty or thirty. The book commences in the interrogatory style, -in the words of its title, _Es tu Scolaris?_--"_Sum._" It then proceeds to -ring the changes on this word "_sum_," what part of speech, what kind of -verb, &c.; and setting it down as _verbum anormalium_, goes on to enumerate -the anormalous verbs in this verse,-- - - "Sum, volo, fero, atque edo, - Tot et anormala credo." - -Now begins the curious lore of the volume: - - "_Q._ Unde derivatur _sum_? - - _A._ Derivatur a greca dictione, _hemi_ ([Greek: emi]); mutando _h_ in - _s_ et _e_ in _u_, et deponendo _i_, _sic habes sum_!" - -I dare say this process of derivation will be new to your classical -readers, but as we proceed, they will say, "Foregad this is more exquisite -fooling still." - - "_Q._ Unde derivatur _volo_? - - _A._ Derivatur a _beniamin_ (sic pro [Greek: boulomai]) grece; mutando - _ben_ in _vo_ et _iamin_ in _lo_, sic habes _volo_. Versus - - Est _volo_ formatum - A _beniamin_, bene vocatum. - - _Q._ Unde derivatur _fero_? - - _A._ Dicitur a _phoos_! grece; mutando _pho_ in _fe_ et _os_ in _ro_, - sic habes _fero_! - - _Q._ Unde derivatur _edo_? - - _A._ A _phagin_, grece; mutando _pha_ in _e_ et _gin_ in _do_, sic - habes _edo_!" - -Here be news for etymologists, and proofs, moreover, that when some of the -zealous antagonists of Martin Luther in the next century denounced "Heathen -Greek" as a diabolical _invention_ of his, there was little in the grammar -knowledge of the day to contradict the accusation. - -But we have not yet exhausted the wonders and virtues of the word _sum_; -the grammar lesson goes on to ask,-- - - "_Q._ Quare _sum_ non desinit in _o_ nec in _or_? - - _A._ Ad habendum, _d[=r][=n]am_[2] [I cannot expand this contraction, - though from the context it means a mark or token], dignitatis sue - respectu aliorum verborum. - - _Q._ Declara hoc, et quomodo? - - _A._ Quia per _sum_ intelligitur Trinitas, cum tres habeat litteras, - scl. _s_. _u_. et _m_. Etiam illud verbum sum, quamvis de omnibus dici - valeat, tamen de Deo et Trinitate proprie dicitur. - - _Q._ Quare _sum_ potius terminatur in _m_ quam in _n_? - - _A._ Quia proprie _m_ rursus intelligitur Trinitas, cum illa littera - _m_, tria habet puncta." - -I shall feel much obliged for any particulars about this literary curiosity -which you or any of your correspondents can give. - -A. B. R. - -Belmont. - -[Footnote 2: [Drnam stands for differentiam.]] - - * * * * * - -ON A DIGEST OF CRITICAL READINGS IN SHAKSPEARE. - -With reference to this subject, which has been so frequently discussed in -your columns, daily experience convincing me still farther in the opinion -that the complete performance of the task is impracticable, would you -kindly allow me to ask what can be done in the now acknowledged case of -frequent occurrence, where different copies of the folios and quartos vary -in passages in the very same impression? What copies are to be taken as the -groundworks of reference; and whose copy of the first folio is to be the -standard one? Mr. Knight may give one reading as that of the edition of -1623, and Mr. Singer may offer another from the same work, while the author -of the "critical digest" may give a third, and all of them correct in the -mere fact that such readings are really those of the first edition. Thus, -in respect to a passage in _Measure for Measure_,-- - - "For thy own bowels, which do call thee _sire_,"-- - -it has been stated in your columns that one copy of the second folio has -this correct reading, whereas every copy I have met with reads _fire_; and -so likewise the first and third folios. Then, again, in reference to this -same line, Mr. Collier, in his Shakspeare, vol. ii. p. 48., says that the -folio edition of 1685 also reads _fire_ for _sire_; but in my copy of the -fourth folio it is distinctly printed _sire_, and the comma before the word -very {541} properly omitted. It would be curious to ascertain whether any -other copies of this folio read _fire_. - -J. O. HALLIWELL. - - * * * * * - - -Minor Queries. - -"_Original Poems._"--There is a volume of poetry by a lady, published under -the following title, _Original Poems, on several occasions_, by C. R., -4to., 1769. Can you inform me whether these poems are likely to have been -written by Miss Clara Reeve, authoress of _The Old English Baron_, and -other novels? I have seen at least one specimen of this lady's poetry in -one of the volumes of Mr. Pratt's _Gleaner_. - -SIGMA. - -_A Bristol Compliment._--A present made of an article that you do not care -about keeping yourself is called "A Bristol Compliment." What is the origin -of the phrase? - -HAUGHMOND ST. CLAIR. - -_French or Flemish Arms._--What family (probably French or Flemish) bears -Azure, in chief three mullets argent; in point a ducal coronet or; in base -a sheep proper crowned with a ducal coronet or. - -PENN. - -_Precedence._--Will any of your correspondents assign the order of -precedence of officers in army or navy (having no decoration, knighthood, -or companionship of any order of knighthood), not as respects each other, -but as respects civilians? I apprehend that every commission is addressed -to the bearer, embodying a civil title, as _e.g._, "John Smith, Esquire," -or as we see ensigns gazetted, "A. B., Gent." My impression therefore is, -that in a mixed company of civilians, &c., no officer is entitled to take -rank higher than the _civil_ title incorporated in his commission would -imply, apart from his grade in the service to which he belongs. On this -point I should be obliged by any notices which your correspondents may -supply; as also by a classification in order of precedence of the ranks -which I here set down alphabetically: barristers, doctors (in divinity, -law, medicine), esquires, queen's counsel, serjeants-at-law. - -It may be objected that esquire, ecuyer, armiger, is originally a military -title, but by usage it has been appropriated to civilians. - -SUUM CUIQUE. - -"[Greek: Sphide]."--The meaning of this word is wanted. It is not in -Stephens' _Thesaurus_. It occurs in Eichhoff's _Vergleichung der Sprachen -Europa und Indien_, p. 234.: - - "Sanscrit _bhid_, schneiden, brechen; Gr. [Greek: phazo]; Lat. fido, - findo, fodio; Fr. fends; Lithuan., fouis; Deut. beisse; Eng. bite" [to - which Kaltschmidt adds, beissen, speisen, fasten, Futter, Butter, Mund, - bitter, maesten, feist, Weide, Wiese, Matte]; "Sans. bhida, bhid, - Spaltung, Faser; Gr. [Greek: sphide], Lat. fidis; Sans. bhittis, - graben; Lat. fossa; Sans. bhaittar, zerschneider; Lat. fossor." - -T. J. BUCKTON. - -Lichfield. - -_Print of the Dublin Volunteers._--Can any of your correspondents inform me -when, and where, and by whom, the well-known print of "The Volunteers of -the City and County of Dublin, as they met on College Green, the 4th day of -Nov., 1779," was republished? An original copy is not easily procured. - -ABHBA. - -_John Ogden._--Can any reader of "N. & Q." furnish an account of the -services rendered by John Ogden, Esq., to King Charles I. of England? The -following is in the possession of the inquirer: - - "Ogden's Arms, granted to John Ogden, Esq., by King Charles II., for - his faithful services to his unfortunate father, Charles I. - - "Shield, Girony of eight pieces, argent and gules; in dexter chief an - oak branch, fructed ppr. - - "Crest, Oak tree ppr. Lion rampant against the tree. - - "Motto, Et si ostendo, non jacto." - -OAKDEN. - -_Columbarium in a Church Tower._--At Collingbourne Ducis, near Marlborough, -I have been told that the interior of the church tower was constructed -originally to serve as a columbarium. Can this really be the object of the -peculiar masonry, what is the date of the tower, and can a similar instance -be adduced? It is said that the niches are not formed merely by the -omission of stones, but that they have been carefully widened from the -opening. Are there any ledges for birds to alight on, or any peculiar -openings by which they might enter the tower? - -J. W. HEWETT. - -_George Herbert._--Will any one of your correspondents, skilled in solving -enigmas, kindly give me an exposition of this short poem of George -Herbert's? It is entitled-- - - "HOPE. - - "I gave to Hope a watch of mine; but he - An anchor gave to me. - Then an old prayer-book I did present, - And he an optic sent. - With that, I gave a phial full of tears; - But he a few green ears. - Ah, loiterer! I'll no more, no more I'll bring; - I did expect a ring." - -G. D. - -_Apparition which preceded the Fire of London._--An account of the -apparition which predicted the Great Fire of London two months before it -took place, or a reference to the book in which it may be found, will -oblige - -IGNIPETUS. - -{542} - -_Holy Thursday Rain-water._--In the parish of Marston St. Lawrence, -Northamptonshire, there is a notion very prevalent, that rain-water -collected on Holy Thursday is of powerful efficacy in all diseases of the -_eye_. Ascension-day of the present year was very favourable in this -respect to these village oculists, and numbers of the cottagers might be -seen in all directions collecting the precious drops as they fell. Is it -known whether this curious custom prevails elsewhere? and what is supposed -to be the origin of it? - -ANON. - -_Freemasonry._--A (Hamburg) paper, _Der Freischuetz_, brings in its No. 27. -the following: - - "The great English Lodge of this town will initiate in a few days two - deaf and dumb persons; a very rare occurrence." - -And says farther in No. 31.: - - "With reference to our notice in No. 27., we farther learned that on - the 4th of March, two brethren, one of them deaf and dumb, have been - initiated in the great English Lodge; the knowledge of the language, - without its pronunciation, has been cultivated by them to a remarkable - degree, so that with noting the motion of the lips they do not miss a - single word. The ceremony of initiation was the most affecting for all - present." - -Query 1. Would deaf and dumb persons in England be eligible as members of -the order? 2. Have similar cases to the above ever occurred in this -country? - -J. W. S. D. 874. - - * * * * * - - -Minor Queries with Answers. - -_Lewis's "Memoirs of the Duke of Gloucester."_--Can you inform me who was -the editor of - - "Memoirs of Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, from his birth, - July the 24th, 1689, to October 1697: from an original Tract written by - Jenkin Lewis. Printed for the Editor, and sold by Messrs. Payne, &c., - London: and Messrs. Prince & Cooke, and J. Fletcher, Oxford, 1789." - -In a rare copy of this volume now before me, it is attributed by a -pencil-note to the editorship of Dr. Philip Hayes, who was organist of -Magdalen College Chapel, Oxford, from 1777 to 1797. I should be glad to -learn on what authority this could be stated. I am anxious also to know the -names of any authors who have published books respecting the life, reign, -or times of King William III.? - -J. R. B. - -Oxford. - - [Some of our readers will probably be able to authenticate the - editorship of Jenkin Lewis' _Memoirs of the Duke of Gloucester_. The - following works on the reign of William III. may be consulted among - others: Walter Harris's _History of the Reign of William III._, fol., - 1749; _The History of the Prince of Orange and the Ancient History of - Nassau_, 8vo., 1688; _An Historical Account of the Memorable Actions of - the Prince of Orange_, 12mo., 1689; _History of William III._, 3 vols. - 8vo., 1702; _Life of William III._, 18mo., 1702; another, 8vo., 1703; - _The History of the Life and Reign of William III._, Dublin, 4 vols. - 12mo., 1747; Vernon's _Letters of the Reign of William III._, edited by - G. P. R. James, 3 vols. 8vo., 1841; Paul Grimbolt's _Letters of William - III. and Louis XIV._ Consult also Watt and Lowndes' _Bibliographical - Dictionaries_, art. WILLIAM III.; and _Catalogue of the London - Institution_, vol. i. p. 292.] - -_Apocryphal Works._--Can you inform me where I can procure an English -version of the _Book of Enoch_, so often quoted by Mackay in his admirable -work _The Progress of the Human Intellect_? Also the _Epistle of Barnabas_, -and the _Spurious Gospels_? - -W. S. - -Cleveland Bridge, Bath. - - [_The Book of Enoch_, edited by Archbishop Laurence, and printed at - Oxford, has passed through several editions.--_The Catholic Epistle of - St. Barnabas_ is included among Archbishop Wake's _Genuine Epistles of - the Apostolical Fathers_.--"The Spurious Gospels" will probably be - found in _The Apocryphal New Testament_; being all the Gospels, - Epistles, and other Pieces now extant, attributed in the first four - Centuries to Jesus Christ, his Apostles, and their Companions, and not - included in the New Testament by its compilers: London, 8vo., 1820; 2nd - edition, 1821. Anonymous, but edited by William Hone.] - -_Mirabeau, Talleyrand, and Fouche._--Can any of your correspondents tell me -which are the best Lives of three of the most remarkable men who figured in -the age of the French Revolution, viz. Mirabeau, Talleyrand, and Fouche? If -there are English translations of these works? and also if there is any -collection of the fierce philippics of Mirabeau? - -KENNEDY MCNAB. - - [Mirabeau left a natural son, Lucas Montigny, who published _Memoirs of - Mirabeau, Biographical, Literary, and Political_, by Himself, his - Uncle, and his adopted Child, 4 vols. 8vo., Lond., 1835.--_Memoirs of - C. M. Talleyrand_, 2 vols. 12mo., Lond., 1805. Also his _Life_, 4 vols. - 8vo., Lond., 1834.--_Memoirs of Joseph Fouche_, translated from the - French, 2 vols. 8vo., Lond., 1825.] - -_"The Turks in Europe," and "Austria as It Is."_--I possess an 8vo. volume -consisting of two anonymous publications, which appeared in London in 1828, -one entitled _The Establishment of the Turks in Europe, an Historical -Discourse_, and the other _Austria as It Is, or Sketches of Continental -Courts_, by an Eye-witness. Can you give me the names of the authors? - -ABHBA. - - [_The Turks in Europe_ is by Lord John Russell: but the author of - _Austria as It Is_, we cannot discover; he was a native of the Austrian - Empire.] - -"_Forgive, blest Shade._"--Where were the lines, commencing "Forgive, blest -shade," first {543} published? I believe it was upon a mural tablet on the -chancel wall of a small village church in Dorsetshire (Wyke Regis); but I -have seen it quoted as from a monument in some church in the Isle of Wight. - -The tablet at Wyke, in Dorset, was erected anonymously, in the night-time, -upon the east end of the chancel outer wall; but whether they were -_original_, or copied from some prior monumental inscription, I do not -know, and should feel much obliged could any of your readers inform me. - -S. S. M. - - [Snow, in his _Sepulchral Gleanings_, p. 44., notices these lines on - the tomb of Robert Scott, who died in March, 1806, in Bethnal Green - Churchyard. Prefixed to them is the following line: "The grief of a - fond mother, and the disappointed hope of an indulgent father." Our - correspondent should have given the date of the Wyke tablet.] - -_"Off with his head," &c._--Who was the author of the often-quoted line-- - - "Off with his head! so much for Buckingham!" - -which is not in Shakspeare's _Richard III._? - -UNEDA. - -Philadelphia. - - [Colley Cibber is the author of this line. It occurs in _The Tragical - History of Richard III._, altered from Shakspeare, Act IV., near the - end.] - -"_Peter Wilkins._"--Who wrote this book? and when was it published? - -UNEDA. - -Philadelphia. - - [This work first appeared in 1750, and in its brief title is comprised - all that is known--all that the curiosity of an inquisitive age can - discover--of the history of the work, and name and lineage of the - author. It is entitled _The Life and Adventures of Peter Wilkins, a - Cornish Man_. Taken from his own Mouth, in his Passage to England, from - off Cape Horn in America, in the ship Hector. By R. S., a passenger in - the Hector; Lond. 1750, 2 vols. The dedication is signed R. P. "To - suppose the unknown author," remarks a writer in the _Retrospective - Review_, vol. vii. p. 121., "to have been insensible to, or careless - about, the fair fame to which a work, original in its conception, and - almost unique in purity, did justly entitle him, is to suppose him to - have been exempt from the influence of that universal feeling, which is - ever deepest in the noblest bosoms; the ardent desire of being long - remembered after death--of shining bright in the eyes of their - cotemporaries, and, when their sun is set, of leaving behind a train of - glory in the heavens, for posterity to contemplate with love and - veneration."] - -_The Barmecides' Feast._--Can you tell me where the story of the Barmecides -and their famed banquets is to be found? - -J. D. - - [In _The Thousand and One Nights_, commonly called _The Arabian Nights' - Entertainments_, Lane's edition, chap. v. vol. i. p. 410. Consult also - _The Barmecides_, 1778, by John Francis de la Harpe; and Moreri, - _Dictionnaire Historique_, art. Barmecides.] - -_Captain._--I shall feel greatly obliged by your informing me the proper -and customary manner of rendering in a Latin epitaph the words "Captain of -the 29th Regiment." Ainsworth does not give any word which appears to -answer to "Captain." _Ordinum ductor_ is cumbrous and inelegant. - -CLERICUS. - - [The words, "Captain of the 29th Regiment," may be thus rendered into - Latin: "Centurio sive Capitanus vicesimae nonae cohortis." The word - _capitanus_, though not Ciceronian, was in general use for a military - captain during the Middle Ages, as appears from Du Cange's _Glossary_: - "Item vos armati et congregati quendam de vobis in _capitaneum_ - elegistis."] - - * * * * * - - -Replies. - -COLERIDGE'S UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS. - -(Vol. ix., p. 496.) - -In an article contained in the Number of "N. & Q." for May the 27th last, -and signed C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, an inconsiderate, not to say a coarse -attack has been made upon me, which might have been spared had the writer -sought a private explanation of the matters upon which he has founded his -charge. - -He asks, "How has Mr. Green discharged the duties of his solemn trust? Has -he made any attempt to give publicity to the _Logic_, the 'great work' on -_Philosophy_, the work on the Old and New Testaments, to be called _The -Assertion of Religion_, or the _History of Philosophy_, all of which are in -his custody, and of which the first is, on the testimony of Coleridge -himself, a finished work?... For the four works enumerated above, Mr. Green -is responsible." - -Now, though, by the terms of Coleridge's will, I do not hold myself -"responsible" in the sense which the writer attaches to the term, and -though I have acted throughout with the cognizance, and I believe with the -approbation of Coleridge's family, yet I am willing, and shall now proceed -to give such explanations as an admirer of Coleridge's writings may desire, -or think he has a right to expect. - -Of the four works in question, the _Logic_--as will be seen by turning to -the passage in the Letters, vol. ii. p. 150., to which the writer refers as -"the testimony of Coleridge himself"--is described as _nearly_ ready for -the press, though as yet _unfinished_; and I apprehend it may be proved by -reference to Mr. Stutfield's notes, the gentleman to whom it is there said -they were dictated, and who possesses the original copy, that the work -never was finished. Of the three parts mentioned as the components of {544} -the work, the _Criterion_ and _Organon_ do not to my knowledge exist; and -with regard to the other parts of the manuscript, including the _Canon_, I -believe that I have exercised a sound discretion in not publishing them in -their present form and _unfinished_ state. - -Of the alleged work on the Old and New Testaments, to be called _The -Assertion of Religion_, I have no knowledge. There exist, doubtless, in -Coleridge's handwriting, many notes, detached fragments and marginalia, -which contain criticisms on the Scriptures. Many of these have been -published, some have lost their interest by the recent advances in biblical -criticism, and some may hereafter appear; though, as many of them were -evidently not intended for publication, they await a final judgment with -respect to the time, form, and occasion of their appearance. But no work -with the title above stated, no work with any similar object--except the -_Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit_--is, as far as I know, in existence. - -The work to which I suppose the writer alludes as the _History of -Philosophy_, is in my possession. It was presented to me by the late J. -Hookham Frere, and consists of notes, taken for him by an eminent shorthand -writer, of the course of lectures delivered by Coleridge on that subject. -Unfortunately, however, these notes are wholly unfit for publication, as -indeed may be inferred from the fact, communicated to me by Coleridge, that -the person employed confessed after the first lecture that he was unable to -follow the lecturer in consequence of becoming perplexed and delayed by the -novelty of thought and language, for which he was wholly unprepared by the -ordinary exercise of his art. If this _History of Philosophy_ is to be -published in an intelligible form, it will require to be re-written; and I -would willingly undertake the task, had I not, in connexion with -Coleridge's views, other and more pressing objects to accomplish. - -I come now to the fourth work, the "great work" on _Philosophy_. Touching -this the writer quotes from one of Coleridge's letters: - - "Of this work something more than a volume has been dictated by me, so - as to exist fit for the press." - -I need not here ask whether the conclusion is correct, that because -"something more than a volume" is fit for the press, I am therefore -responsible for the whole work, of which the "something more than a volume" -is a part? But--shaping my answer with reference to the real point at -issue--I have to state, for the information of Coleridge's readers, that, -although in the materials for the volume there are introductions and -intercalations on subjects of speculative interest, such as to entitle them -to appear in print, the main portion of the work is a philosophical -_Cosmogony_, which I fear is scarcely adapted for scientific readers, or -corresponds to the requirements of modern science. At all events, I do not -hesitate to say that the completion of the whole would be requisite for the -intelligibility of the part which exists in manuscript. - -I leave it then to any candid person to decide whether I should have acted -wisely in risking its committal to the press in its present shape. Whatever -may be, however, the opinion of others, I have decided, according to my own -conscientious conviction of the issue, against the experiment. - -But should some farther explanation be expected of me on this interesting -topic, I will freely own that, having enjoyed the high privilege of -communion with one of the most enlightened philosophers of the age--and in -accordance with his wishes the responsibility rests with me, as far as my -ability extends, of completing his labours,--in pursuance of this trust I -have devoted more than the leisure of a life to a work in which I hope to -present the philosophic views of my "great master" in a systematic form of -unity--in a form which may best concentrate to a focus and principle of -unity the light diffused in his writings, and which may again reflect it on -all departments of human knowledge, so that truths may become intelligible -in the one light of Divine truth. - -Meanwhile I can assure the friends and admirers of Coleridge that nothing -now exists in manuscript which would add materially to the elucidation of -his philosophical doctrines; and that in any farther publication of his -literary remains I shall be guided, as I have been, by the duty which I owe -to the memory and fame of my revered teacher. - -JOSEPH HENRY GREEN. - -Hadley. - - * * * * * - -KING JAMES'S IRISH ARMY LIST, 1689. - -(Vol. ix., pp. 30, 31. 401.) - -I was much pleased at MR. D'ALTON'S announcement of his work; and I should -have responded to it sooner, if I could have had any idea that he did not -possess King's _State of the Protestants in Ireland_; but his inquiry about -Colonel Sheldon, in Vol. ix., p. 401., shows that he has not consulted that -work, where (p. 341.) he will find that Dominick Sheldon was -"Lieutenant-General of the Horse." But after the enumeration of the General -Staff, there follows a list of the field officers of eight regiments of -horse, seven of dragoons, and fifty of infantry. In Tyrconnel's regiment of -horse, Dominick Sheldon appears as lieutenant-colonel. This must have been, -I suppose, a Sheldon junior, son or nephew of the lieutenant-general of -horse. This reference to King's work has suggested to me an idea which I -venture to suggest to MR. D'ALTON as a preliminary to the larger work on -Irish family genealogies which he is about, and for which we shall {545} -have I fear to wait too long. I mean an immediate reprint (in a separate -shape) of the several lists of gentlemen of both parties which are given in -King's work. This might be done with very little trouble, and, I think, -without any pecuniary loss, if not with actual profit. It would be little -more than pamphlet size. The first and most important list would be of the -names and designations of all the persons included in the acts of attainder -passed in King James's Irish Parliament of May, 1689. They are, I think, -about two thousand names, with their residences and personal designations; -and it is interesting to find that a great many of the same families are -still seated in the same places. These names I think I should place -alphabetically in one list, with their designations and residences; and any -short notes that MR. D'ALTON might think necessary to correct clerical -error, or explain doubtful names: longer notes would perhaps lead too far -into family history for the limited object I propose. - -In a second list, I would give the names of King James's parliament, privy -council, army, civil and judicial departments, as we find them in King, -adding to them an alphabetical index of names. The whole would then exhibit -a synopsis of the names, residences, and politics of a considerable portion -of the gentry of Ireland at that important period. - -C. - - * * * * * - -BARRELL'S REGIMENT. - -(Vol. ix., pp. 63. 159.) - -Your correspondent H. B. C. is undoubtedly correct in his statement that -"Ten times a day whip the Barrels," is a regimental parody on the song "He -that has the best Wife," sung in Charles Coffey's musical farce of _The -Devil to Pay_, published in 1731. Popular songs have been made the subject -of political or personal parodies from time immemorial; and no more -fruitful locality for parodies can be found than a barrack, where the -individual traits of character are so fully developed, and afford so full a -scope to the talents of a satirist. Indeed, I knew an officer, who has -recently retired from the service, who seized on every popular ballad, and -parodied it, in connexion with regimental affairs, to the delight of his -brother officers; and in many instances his parodies were far more witty -than the original comic songs whence they were taken. - -As regards the regiment known as Barrell's, at the period assigned as the -date of the song relative to that corps, _i. e._ circa 1747, there can be -no doubt as to what corps is alluded to. Barrell's regiment, now the 4th, -or King's Own, regiment of infantry, is the only corps that was ever known -in the British army as Barrell's; for although Colonel William Barrell was -colonel of the present 28th regiment from Sept. 27, 1715, to August 25, -1730, and of the present 22nd regiment from the latter date to August 8, -1734, yet neither of these regiments appears to have seen any war-service -during the periods that they were commanded by him, or to have been known -in military history as Barrell's regiments. He was appointed to the 4th -regiment of infantry August 8, 1734, and retained the command of that -distinguished corps exactly fifteen years, for he died August 9, 1749. -While he commanded the regiment it embarked for Flanders, and served the -campaign of 1744, under Field-Marshal Wade. It remained in Flanders until -the rebellion broke out in Scotland, when it returned to England, and -marched from Newcastle-on-Tyne to Scotland in January, 1746, arriving on -the 10th of that month at Edinburgh. The regiment was engaged at the battle -of Falkirk, Jan. 17, 1746, where its conduct is thus noticed in the -_General Advertiser_: "The regiments which distinguished themselves were -Barrell's (King's Own), and Ligonier's foot." Ligonier's regiment is now -the glorious 48th regiment, of Albuera fame. - -At the battle of Culloden Barrell's regiment gained the greatest reputation -imaginable; the battle was so desperate that the soldiers' bayonets were -stained with blood to the muzzles of their muskets; there was scarce an -officer or soldier of the regiment, and of that part of Munro's (now 37th -regiment) which engaged the rebels, that did not kill one or two men each -with their bayonets. (_Particulars of the Battle_, published 1746.) Now it -will be remembered that your correspondent E. H., Vol. ix., p. 159., -represents a drummer of the regiment interceding with the colonel for the -prisoner, by stating that "he behaved well at Culloden." And this leads me -to the question, Who was the colonel against whom this caricature was -directed? It is proved ("N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 242.) that regiments were -known by the names of their _colonels_, whether commanded personally by the -colonel or not, until July 1, 1751, and indeed for several subsequent -years. - -Now the reference to Culloden renders it probable that the colonel appealed -to was present at that battle, and perhaps an eye-witness of the personal -bravery on that occasion of the soldier who was subsequently flogged. But -although Colonel Barrell _retained_ the colonelcy of the 4th Infantry until -August, 1749, yet he was promoted to major-general in 1735, after which -time he would have commanded a _division_, not a _regiment_. In 1739 he was -farther promoted to lieut.-general, and appointed the same year Governor of -Pendennis Castle, which office would necessarily remove him from the -personal command of his regiment. He was not present at the battle of -Culloden, April 16, 1746, where his regiment was commanded by -Lieut.-Colonel Robert {546} Rich, who was wounded on that occasion. As to -the epithet of "Colonel," used by the drummer, that term is always used in -conversation when addressing a lieutenant-colonel, or even a brevet -lieutenant-colonel, and its use only proves, therefore, that the officer in -command of the parade held a higher rank than major. After Culloden, the -4th regiment moved to the Highlands, and in 1747 returned to Stirling. In -1749 General Barrell died, and the colonelcy of the regiment was given to -Lieut.-Colonel Rich, whom I suspect to be the officer alluded to in the -caricature. I have searched the military records of the 4th regiment, but -can find no mention of the places at which it was stationed from 1747 to -1754, in the spring of which year it embarked from Great Britain for the -Mediterranean, just as it is now doing in the spring of 1854. I am inclined -to fix the date of the print as 1749 (not 1747), when "Old Scourge" -_returned_ to his regiment as colonel, at the decease of General Barrell. -Colonel Rich was not promoted to major-general until Jan. 17, 1758, and his -commission as colonel is dated Aug. 22, 1749, the day on which he became -colonel of the 4th regiment. He died in 1785, but retired from the service -between the years 1771 and 1776: he succeeded his father as a baronet in -1768. - -G. L. S. - - * * * * * - -CLAY TOBACCO-PIPES. - -(Vol. ix., p. 372.) - -I was much pleased at reading MR. H. T. RILEY'S Note on this neglected -subject, in which I take no small interest, and feel happy in communicating -the little amount of information I possess regarding it. I have long -thought that the habit of smoking, I do not say tobacco, but some other -herb, is of much greater antiquity than is generally supposed. Tobacco -appears to have been introduced amongst us about 1586 by Captain R. -Greenfield and Sir Francis Drake (vide Brand's _Popular Antiquities_); but -I have seen pipe-bowls of English manufacture, which had been found -_beneath_ the encaustic pavement of Buildwas Abbey in Shropshire, which -gives a much earlier date to the practice of smoking _something_. I -remember an old man, a perfect Dominie Sampson in his way, who had been in -turn gaoler, pedagogue, and postmaster, at St. Briavel's, near Tintern -Abbey, habitually smoking the leaves of coltsfoot, which he cultivated on -purpose; he told me that he could seldom afford to use tobacco. The pipes -found in such abundance in the bed of the Thames, and everywhere in and -about London, I believe to be of Dutch manufacture; they are identical with -those which Teniers and Ostade put into the mouths of their boors, and have -for the most part a small pointed heel, a well-defined milled ring around -the lip, and bear no mark or name of the maker. Such were the pipes used by -the soldiers of the Parliament, to be found wherever they encamped. I will -only instance Barton, near Abingdon, on the property of G. Bowyer, Esq., -M.P., where I have seen scores while shooting in the fields around the -ruins of the old fortified mansion. The English pipes, on the contrary, -have a very broad and flat heel, on which they may rest in an upright -position, so that the ashes might not fall out prematurely; and on this -heel the potter's name or device is usually stamped, generally in raised -characters, though sometimes they are incised. Occasionally the mark is to -be found on the side of the bowl. A short time ago I exhibited a series of -some five-and-twenty different types at the Archaeological Institution, and -my collection has been enlarged considerably since. These were principally -found in Shropshire and Staffordshire, and appear for the most part to have -been made at Broseley. They are of a very hard and compact clay, which -retains the impress of the milled ring and the stamp in all its original -freshness. I shall feel much obliged by receiving any additional -information upon this subject. - -W. J. BERNHARD SMITH. - -Temple. - - * * * * * - -MADAME DE STAEL. - -(Vol. ix., p. 451.) - -I cannot direct R. A. to the passage in Madame de Stael's works. The German -book for which he inquires is not by Schlegel _assisted_ by Fichte, but-- - - "Friedrich Nicolai's Leben und sonderbare Meinungen. Ein Beitrag zur - Literatur-Geschichte des vergangenen und zur Paedagogik des angehenden - Jahrhunderts, von Johan Gottlieb Fichte. Herausgegeben von A. W. - Schlegel: Tubingen, 1801, 8^o, pp. 130." - -There certainly is no ground for the charge that Fichte attacked Nicolai -when he was too old to reply. Nicolai was born in 1733, and died in 1811; -so that he was sixty-eight when this pamphlet was published. His _Leben -Sempronius Gundiberts_ was published in 1798; and your correspondent H. C. -R. (Vol. vii., p. 20.) partook of his hospitality in Berlin in 1803. - -As to the provocation, Fichte (at p. 82.) gives an account of attacks on -his personal honour; the worst of which seems to be the imputation of -seeking favourable notices in the _Literary Gazette_ of Jena. In -_Gundibert_ Fichte's writings were severely handled, but no personal -imputation was made. I do not know what was said of him in the _Neue -Deutsche Bibliothek_, but I can hardly imagine any justification for so -furious an attack {547} as this on Nicolai. I also concur with Madame de -Stael in thinking the book dull: "Non est jocus esse malignum." It begins -with an attempt at grave burlesque, but speedily degenerates into mere -scolding. Take one example: - - "Es war sehr wahr, dass aus seinen (Nicolais) Haenden alles beschmutzt - und verdreht herausging; aber es war nicht wahr, das er beschmutzen und - verdrehen wollte. Es ward ihm nur so durch die Eigenschaft seiner - Natur. Wer moechte ein Stinkthier beschuldigen, dass es bohafter Weise - alles was es zu sich nehme, in Gestank,--oder die Natter, das sie es in - Gift verwandle. Diese Thiere sind daran sehr unschuldig; sie folgen nur - ihrer Natur. Eben so unser Held, der nun einmal zum literarischen - Stinkthier und der Natter des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts bestimmt war, - verbreitete stank um sich, und spritze Gift, nicht aus Bosheit, sondern - lediglich durch seine Bestimmung getrieben."--P. 78. - -The charge of defiling all he touched will be appreciated by those who have -read _Sebaldus Nothanker_ and _Sempronius Gundibert_, two of the purest as -well as of the cleverest novels of the last century. - -H. B. C. - -U. U. Club. - - * * * * * - -CRANMER'S MARTYRDOM. - -(Vol. ix., p. 392.) - -The long-received account of a very striking act in the martyrdom of -Cranmer is declared to involve an "impossibility." The question is an -important one in various ways, for it involves moral and religious, as well -as literary and physiological, considerations of deep interest; but as I -think the pages of "N. & Q." not the most appropriate vehicle for -discussion on the former heads, I shall pass them over at present with a -mere expression of regret that such a subject should have been so mooted -there. With reference, then, to the literary evidence in favour of the -fact, that the noble martyr voluntarily put forth his hand into the hottest -part of the fire which was raging about him, and burnt it first, the -historians quoted are entirely agreed, differing as they do only in such -details as might seem rather to imply independent testimony than discrepant -authority. But the action is declared to be "utterly impossible, because," -&c. Why beg the question in this way? "Because," says H. B. C., "the laws -of physiology and combustion show that he could not have gone beyond _the -attempt_;" adding, "If the hand were chained over the fire, the shock would -produce death." Leaving the _hypothetical_ reasoning in both cases to go -for what it is worth, it would surely be easy to produce facts of almost -every week from the evidence given in coroners' inquests, in which persons -have had their limbs burnt off--to say nothing of farther injury--without -the shock "producing death." The only question then which I think can -fairly arise, is, whether a person in Cranmer's position could -_voluntarily_ endure that amount of mutilation by fire which many others -have _accidentally_ suffered? This may be matter of opinion, but I have no -doubt, and I suppose no truly Christian philosopher will have any, that the -man who has faith to "give his body to be burned," and to endure heroically -such a form of martyrdom, would be quite able to do what is attributed to -Cranmer, and to Hooper too, "high medical authority" to the contrary -notwithstanding. I might, indeed, adduce what might be called "high medical -authority" for my view, _i. e._ the historical evidence of the fact, but I -think the bandying of opinions on such a subject undesirable. It would be -more to the point, especially if there really existed any ground for -"historic doubt" on the subject, or if there was any good reason for -creating one, to cite cotemporaneous evidence against that usually -received. With respect to the heart of the martyr being "entire and -unconsumed among the ashes," I must be permitted to say that, neither on -physiological nor other grounds, does even this alleged fact, taken in its -plain and obvious meaning, strike me as forming one of the "impossibilities -of history." - -J. H. - -Rotherfield. - -Your correspondent H. B. C. doubts the possibility of the story about -Cranmer's hand, and says that "if a furnace were so constructed that a man -might hold his hand in the flame without burning his body, the shock to the -nervous system would deprive him of all command over muscular action before -the skin could be entirely consumed. If the hand were chained over the -fire, the shock would produce death." Now, this last assertion I doubt. The -following is an extract from the account of Ravaillac's execution, given -with wonderfully minute details by an eye-witness, and published in -Cimber's _Archives Curieux de l'Histoire de France_, vol. xv. p. 103.: - - "On le couche sur l'eschaffaut, on attache les chevaux aux mains et aux - pieds. Sa main droite percee d'un cousteau fut bruslee a feu de - souphre. Ce miserable, pour veoir comme ceste execrable main rotissoit, - eut le courage de hausser la teste et de la secouer pour abattre une - etincelle de feu qui se prenoit a sa barbe." - -So far was this from killing him that he was torn with red-hot pincers, had -melted lead, &c. poured into his wounds, and he was then "longuement tire, -retire, et promene de tous costez" by four horses: - - "S'il y eut quelque pause, ce ne fut que pour donner temps au bourreau - de respirer, au patient de se sentir mourir, aux theologiens de - l'exhorter a dire la verite." - -And still: - - "Sa vie estoit forte et vigoureuse; telle que retirant {548} une fois - une des jambes, il arresta le cheval qui le tiroit." - -I fear your correspondent underrates the power of the human body in -enduring torture. I have seen a similar account of the execution of -Damiens, with which I will not shock your readers. The subject is a -revolting one, but the truth ought to be known, as it is (most humanely, I -fully believe) questioned. - -G. W. R. - -Oxford and Cambridge Club. - - * * * * * - -PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. - -_Difficulties in making soluble Cotton._--In making soluble cotton -according to the formula given by Mr. Hadow in the _Photographic Journal_, -and again by MR. SHADBOLT in "N. & Q.," I have been subject to the most -provoking failures, and should feel obliged if MR. SHADBOLT or any other of -your correspondents could explain the causes of my failures, which I will -endeavour to describe. - -1st. In using nitrate of potash and sulphuric acid, with a certain quantity -of water as given, I have _invariably_ found that on adding the cotton to -the mixture it became _completely dissolved_, and the mass began to -effervesce violently, throwing off dense volumes of deep red fumes, and the -whole appearing of a similar colour. I at first thought it might be the -fault of the sulphuric acid; but on trying some fresh, procured at another -place, the same effects were produced. - -Again, in using the mixed acids (which I tried, not being successful with -the other method) I found, on following Mr. Hadow's plan, that the cotton -was also entirely dissolved. - -How is the proper temperature at which the cotton is to be immersed to be -arrived at? Are there any thermometers constructed for the purpose? as, if -one of the ordinary ones, mounted on wood or metal, was used, the acids -would attack it, and, I should imagine, prove injurious to the liquids. - -At the same time I would ask the reason why all the negative calotypes I -have taken lately, both on Turner's and Sandford's papers, iodized -according to DR. DIAMOND'S plan, are never intense, especially the skies, -by transmitted light, although by reflected light they look of a beautiful -black and white. I never used formerly to meet with such a failure; but at -that time I used always to wet the plate glass and attach the paper to it, -making it adhere by pressing with blotting-paper, and then exciting with a -buckles brush and dilute gallo-nitrate. But the inconvenience attending -that plan was, that I was compelled to take out as many double slides as I -wished to take pictures, which made me abandon it and take to DR. DIAMOND'S -plan of exciting them and placing them in a portfolio for use. I imagine -the cause of their not being so intense is the not exposing them while wet. - -A bag made of yellow calico, single thickness, has been recommended for -changing the papers in the open air. I am satisfied it will not do, -especially if the sun is shining; it may do in some shady places, but I -have never yet seen any yellow calico so fine in texture as not to allow of -the rays of light passing through it, unless two or three times doubled. I -have proved to my own satisfaction that the papers will not bear exposure -in a bag of single thickness, without browning over immediately the -developing fluid is applied. - -With regard to the using of thin collodion, as recommended by Mr. Hardwick -in the last Number of the _Photographic Journal_, I am satisfied it is the -only plan of producing thoroughly good positives; and I have been in the -habit of thinning down collodion in the same manner for a long time, -finding that I produced much better pictures with about half the time of -exposure necessary for a thick collodion. - -H. U. - -_Light in Cameras._--I cannot sufficiently express my acknowledgments to -"N. & Q." for the photographic benefits I have derived from its perusal, -more especially from the communication in No. 240. of LUX IN CAMERA. Since -I took up the art some months ago, I have had (with two or three -exceptions) nothing but a succession of failures, principally from the -browning of the negatives, and on examining my camera, as recommended by -LUX IN CAMERA, I find it lets in a blaze of light from the cause he -mentions[3], and thence doubtless my disappointments. But why inflict this -history upon you? I inclose for your acceptance the best photograph I have -yet produced from DR. DIAMOND'S "Simplicity of the Calotype." Printed from -Delamotte's directions:-- - -First preparation, 5 oz. of aq. dist.; 1/4 oz. of muriate of ammonia. - -Second process, floating on solution 60 grains of nitrate of silver, 1 -ounce of distilled water. - -Is there any better plan than the above? - -CHARLES K. PROBERT. - -P.S.--The view inclosed is the porch and transept of Newport Church, Essex, -from the Parsonage garden. Is it printed too dark? I wish I could get the -grey and white tints I saw in the Photographic Exhibition.[4] Had your -readers behaved with ordinary gratitude, your photographic portfolio ought -to have overflowed by this time. - -[Footnote 3: It was an expensive one, bought of one of the principal houses -for the supply of photographic apparatus, &c.] - -[Footnote 4: [Some of the best specimens of these tints were forwarded to -us by MR. PUMPHREY, accompanying the description of his process, printed in -our eighth volume, p. 349.--ED. "N. & Q."]] - -_Cameras._--The note of LUX IN CAMERA has brought in more than one letter -of thanks; and a valued correspondent has written to us, suggesting "That -the attention of the Photographic Society, who have as yet done far less -than they might have done to advance the Art, should be _at once_ turned, -and that seriously and earnestly, to the production of a light, portable, -and effective camera for field purposes; one which, at the same time that -it has the advantages of lightness and portability, should be capable of -resisting our variable climate." Our correspondent throws out a hint which -possibly may be adopted with advantage, {549} that papier mache has many of -the requisites desired, being very firm, light, and impervious to wet. - -_Progress of Photography._--As a farther contribution to the History of -Photography, we have been favoured with the following copy of a letter from -a well-known amateur, which details in a graphic manner his early -photographic experiences. - -"As there is a sort of reflux of the tide to Mr. Fox Talbot's plan, and -different people have succeeded best in different ways, it may amuse you to -hear how I _used_ to work, with better luck than I have had since. - -"Mr. Talbot's sensitive wash was very strong, so he floated his paper upon -distilled water immediately after its application. - -"Mr. G. S. Cundell, of Finsbury Circus, diluted the sensitive wash with -water, instead of floating the paper. Amateurs date their success from the -time Mr. Cundell published this simple modification of the original -process. - -"Mr. William Hunt, of Yarmouth, was my first friend and instructor in the -art; and _if_ there be any merit in the pictures I did before I knew you, -the credit is due to _him entirely_. - -"The first paper we tried was Whatman's ivory post, very thick and hard, -and yet it gave good negatives. We afterwards got a thinner paper, but -always stuck to Whatman. Neither were we troubled with that _porosity_ in -the skies of which you complain in the more recently-made papers of that -manufacturer. - -"We first washed the paper with a solution of nitrate of silver, fifteen -grains to the ounce, going over the surface in all directions with a -camel-hair brush. As soon as the fluid ceased to run, the paper was -_rapidly dried before the fire_, and then immersed in a solution of iodide -of potassium, 500 grains to the pint of water. We used to draw it through -the solution frequently by the corners, and then let it lie till the yellow -tint was visible at the back. It was then immediately taken to the pump and -pumped upon vigorously for two or three minutes, holding it at such an -angle that the water flushed softly over the surface. We then gave it a few -minutes in a rain-water bath, inclining the dish at different angles to -give motion to the water. By this time the iodide of silver looked like -pure solid brimstone in the wet paper. Then we knew that it was good, and -hung it up to dry. - -"To make this paper sensitive, we took 5 drops of gallic acid (saturated -solution), 5 drops of glacial acetic acid, 10 drops of a 50-grain solution -of nitrate of silver, and 100 drops of water. The sensitive wash was poured -upon a glass plate, and the paper placed thereon. We used to lift the paper -frequently by one or other corner till it was perfectly limp. We then -blotted off and placed in the camera, where it would keep a good many -hours. - -"Whether such pictures would have come out spontaneously under the -developing solution, I know not, for we had not patience enough to try. We -forced them out in double quick time with red-hot pokers; and great was the -alarm of my wife to see me rush madly about the house armed with these -weapons. Yet the plan had its advantages; by presenting the point of the -poker at a refractory spot, its reluctance to appear was speedily overcome, -and we persuaded out the shadows. - -* * * - -"P.S.--I now have the first picture I ever did, little, if at all, altered. -It was done in July, 1845, with a common meniscus lens. I have just got a -_capital negative_ by DR. DIAMOND'S plan, but which is spoiled by the -metallic abominations in Turner's paper." - -_A Collodion Difficulty._--With reference to MR. J. COOK'S collodion, I -would suggest that his ether was indeed "still very strong" of _acid_; by -which the iodine was set free, and gave him "nearly a port-wine colour." -This is a common occurrence when the ether or the collodion is acid. The -remedy is at hand, however. Powder a few grains of _cyanide of potassium_, -and introduce about a grain at a time, according to the quantity: shake up -till dissolved, and so on, until you get the clear golden tint. Thus will -"the mystery be cleared up." I need not say that the essential properties -of the solution will not be impaired. - -ANDREW STEINMETZ. - -P.S.--In a day or two I shall send you a _recipe_ for easily turning to -immediate use the "used-up dipping baths" of _nitrate_, without the -troublesome process recommended to one of your correspondents. - -_Ferricyanide of Potassium._--I have used with success the ferricyanide of -potassium (the _red_ prussiate of potash, as it is called) for removing the -stains contracted in photographing. This it does very readily when the -stains are recent, and it has no injurious effect upon cuts and sore places -should any exist on the hands. An old stain may with a little pumice be -very readily removed. I have mentioned this to several friends, and, if not -a novelty, it is certainly not generally known. - -S. PELHAM DALE. - -Sion College. - - * * * * * - - -Replies to Minor Queries. - -_Postage System of the Romans_ (Vol. ix., p. 350.).--Your correspondent -ARDELIO probably alludes to the system of posts for the conveyance of -persons, established by the Romans on their great lines of road. An account -of this may be seen in the work of Bergier, _Histoire des Grands Chemins de -l'Empire Romain_, lib. iv.; and compare Gibbon's _Decline and Fall_, chap. -xvii. Communications were made from Rome to the governors of provinces, and -information was received from them, by means of these posts: see Suet. -_Oct._ c. xlix. But the Romans had no public institution for the conveyance -of private letters. A letter post is a comparatively modern institution; in -England it only dates from the reign of James I. An account of the ancient -Persian posts is given by Xenoph. _Cyrop._ VIII. vi. s. 17, 18.; Herod. -viii. 98.: compare Schleusner, _Lex. N. T._ in [Greek: angareuo]. - -L. - -As a proof that there is at least one eminent exception to the assertion of -ARDELIO, that "_we_ know that the Romans must have had a postal system," I -send the following extract from Dr. William {550} Smith's _Dictionary of -Greek and Roman Antiquities_, sub voc. Tabellarius: - - "As the Romans had no public post, they were obliged to employ special - messengers, who were called Tabellarii, to convey their letters, when - they had not an opportunity of sending them otherwise." - -[Greek: Halieus]. - -Dublin. - -_Epigram on the Feuds between Handel and Bononcini_ (Vol. ix., p. -445.).--This epigram, which has frequently been printed as Swift's, was -written by Dr. Byrom of Manchester. In his very interesting _Diary_, which -is shortly about to appear under the able editorship of my friend Dr. -Parkinson in the series of Chetham publications, Byrom mentions it. - - "Nourse asked me if I had seen the verses upon Handel and Bononcini, - not knowing that they were mine; but Sculler said I was charged with - them, and so I said they were mine; they both said they had been - mightily liked."--Byrom's _Remains_ (Cheetham Series), vol. i. part i. - p. 173. - -The verses are thus more correctly given in Byrom's _Works_, vol. i. p. -342., edit. 1773: - - "_Epigram on the Feuds between Handel and Bononcini._ - - Some say, compar'd to Bononcini, - That Mynheer Handel's but a ninny; - Others aver that he to Handel - Is scarcely fit to hold a candle: - Strange all this difference should be, - 'Twixt Tweedledum and Tweedledee!" - -JAS. CROSSLEY. - -_Power of prophesying before Death_ (Vol. ii., p. 116.).--In St. Gregory's -_Dialogues_, b. IV. ch. xxv., the disciple asks,-- - - "Velim scire quonam modo agitur quod plerumque morientes multa - praedicunt." - -The answer begins (ch. xxvi.),-- - - "Ipsa aliquando animarum vis subtilitate sua aliquid praevidet. - Aliquando autem exiturae de corpore animae per revelationem ventura - cognoscunt. Aliquando vero dum jam juxta sit ut corpus deserant, - divinitus afflatae in secreta coelestia incorporeum mentis oculum - mittunt." - -J. C. R. - -_King John_ (Vol. ix., p. 453.).--I cannot reply to the Queries of -PRESTONIENSIS, but I have a note of a grant made by John (as _Com. -Moritoniae_) of the tithes of the parishes between Rible and Merse, which -appears to have received the Bishop of Coventry's confirmation, _ap. -Cestriam, an. 2 Pont. Papae Coelestini_. John's grant was to the Priory of -Lancaster. My reference is to Madox, _Formulare Anglicanum_, Lond. 1702, p. -52, MXCVI. The deed is witnessed by Adam de Blakeburn and Robert de -Preston, as well as by Phil. Sanson (De Worcester?) and others. - -ANON. - -_Demoniacal Descent of the Plantagenets_ (Vol. ix., p. 494.).--H. B. C. -will find another passage, illustrative of this presumption, in Henry -Knyghton's _Chronica_: - - "De isto quoque Henrico, quondam infantulo et in curia regis Francorum - nutrito, beatus Bernardus Abbas de eo sic prophetavit, praesente rege, - _De Diabolo venit, et ad Diabolum ibit_: Notans per hoc tam tyrannidem - patris sui Galfridi, qui Sagiensem episcopum eunuchaverat, quam etiam - istius Henrici futuram atrocitatem qua in beatum Thomam - desaeviret."--Twysden, _Hist. Angl. Scriptores_, pp. 2393. 32., and - 2399. 10. - -C. H. - -_Burial Service Tradition_ (Vol. ix., p. 451.).--The only cases in which a -clergyman is legally justified in refusing to read the entire service over -the body of a parishioner or other person admitted to burial in the -parochial cemetery, are the three which are mentioned in the preliminary -rubric, which, as expounded by the highest authorities, are as follows: 1. -In case the person died without admission to the universal church by -Christian baptism. 2. Or "denounced 'excommunicate majori excommunicatione' -for some grievous and notorious crime, and no man able to testify of his -repentance." (Canon 68.) 3. Or _felo de se_; for in a case of suicide the -acquittal of the deceased by a coroner's jury entitles him to Christian -burial. The extraordinary notion of the clergyman, mentioned by the REV. S. -ADAMS, is certainly erroneous in law. I can only suppose it originated from -some case in which the severance of the deceased's right hand was regarded -by the jury as a proof that he did not kill himself. Except in certain -special cases, none but parishioners are entitled to burial in a parochial -burying-place at all. - -ADVOCATUS. - -_Paintings of our Saviour_ (Vol. ix., p. 270.).--Your correspondent J. P. -may hear of something to his advantage by visiting the church of Santa -Prassede (Saint Praxedes?), not far from Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome. In -the former he will see, as usual, a list of wonderful relics preserved -therein, and amongst them "A Portrait of the Saviour, presented by St. -Peter to Santa Prassede." A valuable gift, truly, if only authentic. The -name of the artist is not given, I believe, in the above veracious -document. They had better have made the catalogue complete by putting in -the name of St. Luke himself, whose pencil, I rather think, is stated to -have furnished other such portraits elsewhere. "Credat Judaeus!" - -The Santa Prassede above alluded to is stated to have been a daughter of -Pudens, mentioned in the Epistles of St. Paul. - -M. H. R. - -_Widdrington Family_ (Vol. ix., p. 375.).--The church of Nunnington, near -Helmsly, in the North {551} Riding of Yorkshire, contains two handsome -marble monuments of Lords Preston and Widdrington. The old hall at -Nunnington, now occupied by a farmer, was once the seat of Viscount -Preston, and afterwards of Lord Widdrington. William, Lord Widdrington, who -is said to be descended from the brave Witherington, celebrated in Chevy -Chace for having fought upon his stumps, was of the very noble and ancient -family of the Widdringtons of Widdrington Castle, in the county of -Northumberland; and great-grandson of the brave Lord Widdrington who was -slain gallantly fighting in the service of the crown at Wigan, in -Lancashire, in 1651. William, his grandson, was unfortunately engaged in -the affair of Preston in 1715, when his estate became forfeited to the -crown, and he afterwards confined himself to private life. He married a -daughter of the Lord Viscount Preston above mentioned, one of the -co-heiresses of the estate at Nunnington, and was in consequence buried in -the family vault in 1743, aged sixty-five. For other particulars of the -family of Widdrington, see Camden's _Britannia_. - -THOMAS GILL. - -Easingwold. - -_Mathew, a Cornish Family_ (Vol. ix., pp. 22. 289.).--I fear I cannot give -the REV. H. T. ELLACOMBE much information on the point he desires of the -descent of the Devon and Cornwall branches of the Mathew family, which I -yet entertain the hope some of your readers having access to the Cambrian -genealogical lore at Dinevawr, Penline, Margam, Fonmon, and other places, -may be able to graft correctly on their Welsh tree. - -I was unable to corroborate in the British Museum the marriages given in -the Heralds' Visitation of Devon, with Starkey and Gamage. Did a son of -Reynell of Malston by an heir of Mathew take that name? - -MR. ELLACOMBE will find by the Heralds' Visitation that _both_ of the West -of England branches settled before 1650 in Cornwall, the one at Tresingher, -the other at Milton; but that of the former, William married Elizabeth -Wellington, and John married Rebecca Soame, both reverting to settle in -Devonshire, from whom, perhaps, his ancestress derives. - -B. - -Birkenhead. - -"[Greek: Pistis]," _unde deriv._ (Vol. ix., p. 324.).--The perfect -impossibility of deriving this word from [Greek: Histemi] is at once -evident, on the following grounds: 1. To obtain the letter [pi], recourse -is had to the compound form [Greek: ephistamai]; but where have we a -similar instance, in any derived word, of the [epsilon] in [Greek: epi] -being thus absorbed, and the [pi] taken to commence a fresh word? 2. -Allowing such an extraordinary process, what possible meaning of [Greek: -ephistamai] can be adduced in the slightest degree corresponding to the -established interpretation of [Greek: pistis]? - -Throwing aside the termination [Greek: -is], we obtain the letters [Greek: -pist-], which a very slight knowledge of etymology enables us to trace back -to [Greek: peitho]; for the stem of this verb is [Greek: PITH] (cf. Aor. 2. -[Greek: epithon]), and the formation of the adjective [Greek: pistos] from -[Greek: pe-peist-ai] is clearly analogous to that of the word in question, -the long syllable and diphthong [Greek: ei] being altered into the short -and single letter [Greek: i], to which many similar instances may be -adduced. - -[Phi]. - -There is no doubt as to the derivation of [Greek: pistis] from [Greek: -peitho]. Compare [Greek: knestis] from [Greek: knao] or [Greek: knetho], -[Greek: pristis] or [Greek: prestis] from [Greek: pretho], [Greek: pustis] -from [Greek: punthanomai]. Verbs of this form introduce the [Greek: s] into -the future and other inflected tenses, as [Greek: peiso], [Greek: -peusomai]. - -L. - -_Author of "The Whole Duty of Man"_ (Vol. vi., p. 537.).--It is asserted in -the _English Baronetage_ (vol. i. p. 398., 1741), on the authority of Sir -Herbert Perrot Pakington, Bart., in support of the claim of Lady Pakington -to the authorship, "the _manuscript, under her own hand_, now remains with -the family." Can this MS. now be found? - -B. H. C. - -_Table-turning_ (Vol. ix., pp. 88. 135., &c.).--In turning over Sozomen's -_Ecclesiastical History_, I observed at b. VI. ch. 34. an account of the -transaction already printed in your pages from Ammianus Marcellinus. It is -in brief as follows:--Certain philosophers who were opposed to Christianity -were anxious to learn who should succeed Valens in the empire. After trying -all other kinds of divination, they constructed a tripod (or table with -three legs: see Servius on Virgil, _Aen._ III. 360.) of laurel wood, and by -means of certain incantations and formulae, succeeded (by combining the -letters which were indicated, one by one, by a contrivance of some kind -connected with the table) in obtaining Th. E. O. D. Now, being anxious and -hopeful for one Theodorus to succeed to the throne, they concluded that he -was meant. Valens, hearing of it, put him and them to death, and many -others whose names began with these letters. - -On referring to Socrates, I find that he also names the circumstances just -alluded to. Although he does not give all the particulars, he adds one -important statement, which serves to identify the thing more closely with -modern table-moving and spirit-rapping. "The devil," he says, "induced -certain curious persons to practise _divination, by calling up the spirits -of the dead_ ([Greek: nekuomanteian poiesasthai]), in order to find out who -should reign after Valens." They succeeded in obtaining the letters Th. E. -O. D. - -I observe a reference to Nicephorus, b. XI. 45., but have not his works at -hand to consult. {552} - -The use of _laurel_, in the construction of the table, seems to connect the -occurrences with the worship of Apollo. Those who would investigate the -subject fully must consult such passages in the classics as this from Lucan -[Lucretius?], lib. i. 739-40.: - - "Sanctius et multo certa ratione magis, quam - Pythia, quae _tripode_ ex Phoebi _lauro_que profatur." - -I have a reference to Le Nourry, p. 1345., who, I see, has some remarks -upon the passage already given from Tertullian; he, however, throws little -light upon the subject. - -HENRY H. BREEN (Vol. viii., p. 330.) says, "It is not unreasonable to -suppose that table-turning ... was practised in former ages:" to this I -think we may now subscribe. - -B. H. C. - -Poplar. - -_Pedigree to the Time of Alfred_ (Vol. viii., p. 586.; Vol. ix., p. -233.).--The person S. D. met at the "King's Head," Egham, was doubtless Mr. -John Wapshott of Chertsey, Surrey (late of Almoner's Barn Farm in that -neighbourhood), an intelligent, respectable yeoman, who would feel much -pleasure in giving S. D. any information he may require. - -B. S. ELCOCK. - -Bath. - -_Quotation wanted_ (Vol. ix., p. 421.).--"Extinctus amabitur idem," is from -_Horace_, Epist. II. i. 14. (See Vol. vii., p. 81.) - -P. J. F. GANTILLON. - -"_Hic locus odit, amat._"--In Vol. v. of "N. & Q.," at p. 8., "PROCURATOR" -gives the two quaintly linked lines-- - - "Hic locus odit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat - Nequitiam, leges, crimina, jura probos." - -as "carved in a beam over the Town Hall of Much Wenlock, in Shropshire." -They are to be found also in the ancient hall of judicature of the "Palazzo -del Podesta," at Pistoja, in Tuscany. The ancient stone seats, with their -stone table in front of them, where the magistrates of the republic -administered justice in the days of the city's independence, are still -remaining, and these lines are cut in the stone just over the benches. This -simple and primitive tribunal was built as it now stands in 1307, and there -can be no doubt that the verses in question existed there before they found -their way to Much Wenlock. But as it is hardly likely that they travelled -direct from Tuscany into Shropshire, the probability is that they may be -found in some other, or perhaps in many other places. I have not been able -to light on any clue to the authorship or history of the lines. Perhaps -some of your correspondents, who have the means of wider researches than -this city commands, might be more fortunate. - -T. A. T. - -Florence, March, 1854. - -_Writings of the Martyr Bradford_ (Vol. ix., p. 450.).--In reply to MR. -TOWNSEND'S inquiry respecting early editions of Bradford's writings, I can -add to the information furnished by the Editor that the copy of his _Hurt -of Hearyng Masse_, sold at Mr. Jolley's sale, was purchased subsequently of -Mr. Thorpe, and deposited in the Chetham Library. This edition is not -noticed by Watt. - -In Stevens's _Memoirs of the Life and Martyrdom of John Bradford, with his -Examinations, Letters, &c._, there is no mention of the letter _ad calcem_ -of-- - - "An Account of a Disputation at Oxford, Anno Domini 1554. With a - Treatise of the Blessed Sacrament; both written by Bishop Ridley, - Martyr. To which is added a Letter written by Mr. John Bradford, never - before printed. All taken out of an original manuscript [and published - by Gilbert Ironside], Oxford, 1688, 4to." - -BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM. - -_Latin Inscription on Lindsey Court-house_ (Vol. ix., p. 492.).--Your -correspondent L. L. L. gives this inscription as follows: - - "Fiat Justitia, - 1619. - Haec domus - Dit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat, - Equitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos." - -This couplet, in its correct form, evidently stood thus: - - "Haec custodit, amat, punit, conservat, honorat, - Aequitiam, pacem, crimina, jura, bonos." - -That is to say, - - "Custodit aequitiam, amat pacem, punit crimina, conservat jura, honorat - bonos." - -The substantive of _aequus_ is _aequitas_, not _aequitia_. If these verses -were composed in good Latinity, the first word of the pentameter probably -was _justitiam_. - -L. - -_Blanco White's Sonnet_ (Vol. vii., pp. 404. 486.; Vol. ix., p. -469.).--This sonnet is so beautiful, that I hope it will suffer no -disparagement in the eyes of any of your admiring readers, if I remind them -of a passage in Sir Thomas Browne's _Quincunx_, which I conceive may have -inspired the brilliant genius of Blanco White on this occasion. I regret -that I have not the precise reference to the passage: - - "_Light_" (says Browne) "_that makes things seen, makes some things - invisible_. Were it not for darkness, and the shadow of the earth, _the - noblest part of creation had remained unseen_, and _the stars in heaven - as invisible_ as on the fourth day, when they were created above the - horizon _with the sun_, or there was not an eye to behold them. The - greatest mystery of religion is expressed by adumbration; and, in the - noblest part of the Jewish types, we find the cherubim shadowing the - {553} mercy-seat. _Life itself is but the shadow of death_, and souls - departed but the shadows of the living: all things fall under this - name. _The sun itself is but the dark simulacrum_, and _light but the - shadow of God_!" - -J. SANSOM. - -Oxford. - -_"Wise men labour," &c._ (Vol. ix., p. 468.).--The following version of -these lines is printed in the _Collection of Loyal Songs, written against -the Rump Parliament between the Years 1639-1661_: - - "_Complaint._ - - "Wise men suffer, good men grieve, - Knaves devise and fools believe; - Help, O Lord! send aid unto us, - Else knaves and fools will quite undo us." - -These four lines constitute the whole of the piece, which is anonymous: -vol. i. p. 27., and also on the title-page. - -B. H. C. - - [We are indebted to S-C. P. J. for a similar reply.] - -_Copernicus_ (Vol. ix., p. 447.).--This inscription, as given in "N. & Q.," -contains two false quantities, _Gr[=a]tiam_ and _V[=e]niam_. May I suggest -the transposal of the two words, and then all will be right, at least as to -_prosody_, which, in Latin poetry, seems to override all other -considerations. - -C. DE LA PRYME. - -N.B.--What is the nominative to poor _dederat_? - -_Meals, Meols_ (Vol. vii., pp. 208. 298.; Vol. ix., p. 409.).--The word -"mielles" is of frequent occurrence in Normandy and the Channel Islands, -where it is applied to sandy downs bordering the sea-shore. It is not to be -found in French dictionaries, and, like the words _hougue_, _falaise_, and -others in use in Normandy, has probably come down from the Northmen, who -gave their name to that province. - -EDGAR MACCULLOCH. - -Guernsey. - -_Byron and Rochefoucauld_ (Vol. ix., p. 347.).--Allow me to refer your -correspondent SIGMA to "N. & Q.," Vol. i., p. 260., where, under the -signature of MELANION, I noted Byron's two unacknowledged obligations to -_La Rochefoucauld_, and the blunder made in the note on _Don Juan_, canto -iii. st. 4. SIGMA will also find these and other passages from Byron given -among the notes in the translation of _La Rochefoucauld_, published in 1850 -(June) by Messrs. Longman and Co. - -C. FORBES. - -Temple. - -_Robert Eden_ (Vol. ix., p. 374.).--Robert Eden, Archdeacon and Prebendary -of Winchester, was the son of Robert Eden, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The -Edens of Auckland and the Edens of Newcastle were descended from two -brothers. The Archdeacon was fourth cousin of the first baronet. His -daughter, Mary, married Ebenezer Blackwell, Esq., and their daughter, -Philadelphia, married Lieut.-Col. G. R. P. Jarvis, of Doddington, in -Lincolnshire. I am descended from a first cousin of the Archdeacon, and -could furnish R. E. C., if I knew his address, with farther particulars -respecting the Edens of Newcastle. - -E. H. A. - -_Dates of Maps_ (Vol. ix., p. 396.).--I think the answer to MR. WARDEN'S -very just complaint respecting maps not being _dated_ is easily accounted -for, much more easily, I fear, than reformed. The last published map is -considered the most exact and useful; it, therefore, is the interest of the -map-seller to sell off all of the old ones that he can; hence it is -difficult, unless some pains are taken, to ascertain which is the last. A. -publishes a new map of France, B. then publishes one; but _both_ avoid -putting the date, as the oldest date would sell fewer, and the newer map -proprietor expects a still newer one soon to appear. By A. I do not mean to -allude to Mr. Arrowsmith in particular, who is one of the best, if not the -best, map-seller we have. But why are large military map-sellers so much -dearer with us than on the Continent? I must except the Ordnance map, which -is now sold cheaply, thanks entirely to Mr. Hume's exertions in parliament. - -A. (1) - -_Miss Elstob_ (Vol. iii., p. 497.).--This surname is so uncommon that I -have met with but three instances of persons bearing it; one was the lady -referred to by your correspondent, the second was her brother, the Rev. -William Elstob, and the third was Dryden Elstob, who served for some time -in the 3rd Light Dragoons, and also, I believe, in the Royal Navy,--at -least I know that he used to wear a naval uniform in the streets of London. -I believe that the family was settled at one time at Newcastle-on-Tyne.[5] -What is known of the family? - -JUVERNA. - -[Footnote 5: [Both William Elstob and his learned sister were born at -Newcastle-upon-Tyne, of which place their father, Ralph Elstob, was a -merchant.]] - -_Corporation Enactments_ (Vol. ix., p. 300.).--Your correspondent ABHBA -having omitted to mention where he found the curious piece of information -which under this title he supplied to you, I beg leave to supply the -deficiency. The same paragraph, nearly _verbatim_, has been long since -published in a book which is by no means rare, the _Dublin Penny Journal_, -vol. i. p. 226. (No. 29, January 12, 1833), where it appears thus: - - "In the town books of the corporation of Youghal, among many other - singular enactments of that body, are two which will now be regarded as - curiosities. In the years 1680 and 1700, a cook and a barber were made - freemen, on condition that they should severally {554} dress the - mayor's feasts, and shave the corporation--gratis!" - -Is not this the very paragraph which has been supplied to you as an -original? The attempt to disguise it by the alteration of two or three -words is below criticism. Surely, if passages from common or easily -accessible books are to occupy valuable space in the pages of "N. & Q.," it -is not too much to expect that reference be honestly given to the work -which may be cited. - -ARTERUS. - -Dublin. - -_Misapplication of Terms_ (Vol. ix., p. 361.).--Your correspondent is quite -entitled to the references he demands, and which I had considered -superfluous. I beg to refer him to the school dictionaries in use by my -boys, viz. Mr. Young's and Dr. Carey's edition of _Ainsworth_, abridged by -Dr. Morell; also to the following, all I possess, viz. Dr. Adam -Littleton's, 4to. 4th ed., 1703; Robertson's ed. of _Gouldman_, 4to., 1674; -and Gesner's _Thesaurus_, 4 vols. fol. I may add that the observations of -Horne Tooke are quite to my mind, especially when applied to the "legendary -stories of nurses and old women." (Todd's _Johnson_.) - -Working in the same direction as your correspondent who has caused this -invasion of your space, I cannot resist the opportunity of protesting -against the use of "opened up" and "opened out," as applied to the -developments of national enterprise and industry. These expressions, common -to many, and frequently to be read in the "leading journal," stand a fair -chance of becoming established vulgarisms. It is, however, something worse -than slipshod when a paper of equal pretension, and more particularly -addressed to the families of the educated classes, informs its readers -"that some of the admirers of the late Justice Talfourd contemplate the -erection of a _cenotaph over his grave_ in the cemetery at Norwood." -(_Illustrated News_, March 25, 1854.) - -SQUEERS. - -Dotheboys. - - * * * * * - - -Miscellaneous. - -NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. - -On the publication of the first volume of Mr. Peter Cunningham's edition of -_The Works of Oliver Goldsmith_, we did not hesitate to pronounce it "the -best, handsomest, and cheapest edition of Goldsmith which has ever issued -from the press." The work is now completed by the publication of the fourth -volume, which contains Goldsmith's Biographies; Reviews; Animated Nature; -Cock Lane Ghost; Vida's Game of Chess (now first printed as it has been -found transcribed in Goldsmith's handwriting from the original MS. in the -possession of Mr. Bolton Corney), and his Letters. And after a careful -revision of the book, we do not hesitate to repeat our original opinion. It -is a book which every lover of Goldsmith will delight to place upon his -shelves. - -We have to congratulate Mr. Darling, and also all who are interested in any -way in theological literature, on the completion of that portion of his -_Cyclopaedia Bibliographica_ which gives us, under the names of the -authors, an account, not only of the best works extant in various branches -of literature, but more particularly on those important divisions, biblical -criticism, commentaries, sermons, dissertations, and other illustrations of -the Holy Scriptures; the constitution, government, and liturgies of the -Christian Church; ecclesiastical history and biography; the works of the -Fathers, and all the most eminent Divines. We sincerely trust that a work -so obviously useful, and which has been so carefully compiled, will meet -with such encouragement as will justify Mr. Darling in very speedily going -to press with the second and not less important division--that in which, by -an alphabetical arrangement of subjects, a ready reference may be made to -books, treatises, sermons, and dissertations on nearly all heads of -divinity, theological controversy, or ecclesiastical inquiry. The utility -of such an Index is too obvious to require one word of argument in its -favour. - -The subject of the non-purchase of the Faussett Collection by the Trustees -of the British Museum was brought before Parliament by Mr. Ewart on -Thursday, 1st June, when copies were ordered to be laid before the House of -Commons "of all reports, memorials, or other communications to or from the -Trustees of the British Museum on the subject of the Faussett Collection of -Anglo-Saxon Antiquities." - -BOOKS RECEIVED.--Miss Strickland's _Lives of the Queens of England_, Vol. -VI. This volume is entirely occupied with the biography of Mary Beatrice of -Modena, the Queen of James II., in which Miss Strickland has availed -herself of a large mass of inedited materials.--_Selections from the -Writings of the Rev. Sydney Smith_, forming Nos. 61. and 62. of Longman's -_Traveller's Library_, and containing his admirable Essays on Education, -the Ballot, American Debts, Wit and Humour, the Conduct of the -Understanding, and Taste.--_Critical and Historical Essays, &c._, by the -Right Honourable T. B. Macaulay, _People's_ Edition, Part III., includes -his Essays on Lord Mahon's War of Succession, Walpole's Letters, Lord -Chatham, Mackintosh's History of the Revolution, and Lord -Bacon.--_Annotated Edition of the English Poets_, edited by Robert Bell. -This month's issue consists of the second volume of the _Poetical Works of -William Cowper_. - - * * * * * - -BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES - -WANTED TO PURCHASE. - -Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the -gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are -given for that purpose: - -THE TRIALS OF ROBERT POWELL, EDWARD BURCH, AND MATTHEW MARTIN, FOR FORGERY, -AT THE OLD BAILEY. London. 8vo. 1771. - - Wanted by _J. N. Chadwick, Esq._, King's Lynn. - -{555} - -AYRE'S LIFE OF POPE. 2 Vols. 1741. - -POPE AND SWIFT'S MISCELLANIES. 1727. 2 Vols. (Motte), with two Vols. -subsequently published, together 4 Vols. - -FAMILIAR LETTERS TO H. CROMWELL BY MR. POPE. Curl, 1727. - -POPE'S LITERARY CORRESPONDENCE. Curl, 1735-6. 6 Vols. - -POPE'S WORKS. 4to. 1717. - -POPE'S CORRESPONDENCE WITH WYCHERLEY. Gilliver, 1729. - -NARRATIVE OF DR. ROBERT NORRIS CONCERNING FRENZY OF J. D. Lintot, 1713. - -THE NEW REHEARSAL, OR BAYES THE YOUNGER. Roberts, 1714. - -COMPLETE ART OF ENGLISH POETRY. 2 Vols. - -GAY'S MISCELLANEOUS WORKS. 4 Vols. 12mo. 1773. - -RICHARDSONIANA, OR REFLECTIONS ON MORAL NATURE OF MAN. 1776. - -A COLLECTION OF VERSES, ESSAYS, &C., occasioned by Pope and Swift's -Miscellanies. 1728. - - Wanted by _Mr. Francis_, 14. Wellington Street North, Strand. - -A TRUE ACCOUNT OF THE VOYAGE OF THE NOTTINGHAM-GALLEY OF LONDON, &C., by -Captain John Dean. 8vo. London, 1711. - -A Falsification of the above, by Longman, Miller, and White. London, 1711. -8vo. - -A LETTER FROM MOSCOW TO THE MARQUIS OF CARMARTHEN, relating to the Czar of -Muscovy's Forwardness in his great Navy since his return home, by J. Deane. -London, 1699. Fol. - -HOURS OF IDLENESS, LORD BYRON. 8vo. Newark, 1807. - -BACON'S ESSAYS IN LATIN. - - Wanted by _S. F. Creswell_, King's College, London. - -THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND MAGAZINE. Vol. XXI. 1846. In good order, and in the -cloth case. - - Wanted by the _Rev. B. H. Blacker_, 11. Pembroke Road, Dublin. - -FATHER BRIDOUL'S SCHOOL OF THE EUCHARIST. Trans. by Claget. London, 1687. - -FREITAGHII MYTHOLOGIA ETHICA, with 138 Plates. Antv. 1579. 4to. - - Wanted by _J. G._, care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton - Street, Dublin. - - * * * * * - -Notices to Correspondents. - -Y. S. M. _The letter to this Correspondent has been forwarded._ - -W. S. _Can our correspondent find a more correct report of the lines quoted -at the meeting of the Peace Society? Those sent to us are certainly -inaccurate._ - -R. B. ALLEN. _The monument in the chancel of the church of Stansted -Montfichet, in Essex, is to Sir_ Thomas _(not Hugh) Middleton. See -Wright's_ Essex, vol. ii. p. 160. - -_Other Correspondents shall be answered next week._ - -ERRATA. Vol. ix., p. 193., _throughout the "Curious Marriage Agreement," -for Jacob_ Sprier _read Jacob_ Spicer. _He was an inhabitant of Cape May -County, New Jersey._--Page 468. col i. line 26., _for_ 1789 _read_ -1759.--Page 477., _in art. "Old Rowley," for "father of the_ Jury," _read -"father of the_ Turf."--Page 469., _in quotation from Ausonius, for_ -"erplevi" _read_ "explevi." - -OUR EIGHTH VOLUME _is now bound and ready for delivery, price 10s. 6d., -cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Volumes are being made up, -price 4l. 4s.--For these early application is desirable._ - -"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country -Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to -their Subscribers on the Saturday_. - - * * * * * - - -Gratis and Post Free on application. - -FOREIGN THEOLOGY AND ORIENTAL BOOKS.--MR. BROWN'S Catalogue, No. 24., -contains Bibles in most languages, Books in all Branches of Biblical -Criticism and Ecclesiastical History, Liturgies, Councils, a good -collection of the Fathers, Works relating to the Greek Church, a large -number of books relative to the Jesuits, Metaphysical Works, a capital -selection of Hebrew and Oriental Philology, &c. &c. - -London: WILLIAM BROWN, 130. 131. and 132. Old Street. - - * * * * * - - -OLIVER CROMWELL AND KING CHARLES.--A FAC-SIMILE of an exceedingly curious -and interesting NEWSPAPER, published during the Commonwealth, announcing -the DEATH of OLIVER CROMWELL. Also, a Fac-Simile of KING CHARLES'S -NEWSPAPER, containing curious Gossip about many Eminent Persons and -Extraordinary Occurrences. Sent (Post Free) on receipt of 12 Postage -Stamps. - -Address, J. H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London. - - * * * * * - - -ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of -upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, -Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and -other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on -receipt of Two Stamps. - -MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their -Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new -Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles -of the kind ever produced. - -J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand. - - * * * * * - - -PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.--D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square -(established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25 -Guineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these -pianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial, -signed by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:--"We, the -undersigned members of the musical profession, having carefully examined -the Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great -pleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears -to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a -richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while -the elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the -library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. -Bishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, E. -F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F. -Hasse, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F. -Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H. -Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry -Phillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E. -Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c. - -D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis. - - * * * * * - - -BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X., -in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, -may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made -Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 -guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. -Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with -Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket -Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully -examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and -4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. - -BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the -Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, - -65. CHEAPSIDE. - - * * * * * - - -WHITEFIELD'S PULPIT. - -The Executrix of a deceased Clergyman, amongst other interesting local -Relics collected by her late husband, is possessed of the PULPIT in which -Whitefield is supposed to have preached his First Sermon; and, at the time -of the restoration of St. Mary-de-Cryps, Gloucester, passed into the -present owner's possession. - -The Pulpit is Oak, with carved panels, in shape hectagonal, and has a -sounding-board. Application for farther particulars to be addressed to - -MESSRS. DAVIES & SON, Booksellers, Gloucester. - - * * * * * - - -ROSS & SONS' INSTANTANEOUS HAIR DYE, without Smell, the best and cheapest -extant.--ROSS & SONS have several private apartments devoted entirely to -Dyeing the Hair, and particularly request a visit, especially from the -incredulous, as they will undertake to dye a portion of their hair, without -charging, of any colour required, from the lightest brown to the darkest -black, to convince them of its effect. - -Sold in cases at 3s. 6d., 5s. 6d., 10s., 15s., and 20s. each case. Likewise -wholesale to the Trade by the pint, quart, or gallon. - -Address, ROSS & SONS, 119. and 120. Bishopsgate Street, Six Doors from -Cornhill, London. - - * * * * * - - -ONE THOUSAND BEDSTEADS TO CHOOSE FROM.--HEAL & SON'S Stock comprises -handsomely Japanned and Brass-mounted Iron Bedsteads, Children's Cribs and -Cots of new and elegant designs, Mahogany, Birch, and Walnut-tree -Bedsteads, of the soundest and best Manufacture, many of them fitted with -Furnitures, complete. A large Assortment of Servants' and Portable -Bedsteads. They have also every variety of Furniture for the complete -furnishing of a Bed Room. - -HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED AND PRICED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS AND BEDDING, -sent Free by Post. - -HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road. - -{556} - - * * * * * - - -PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION. - -THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental -Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission. - - L s. d. - A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent - Process 1 1 0 - Additional Copies (each) 0 5 0 - A Coloured Portrait, highly finished - (small size) 3 3 0 - A Coloured Portrait, highly finished - (larger size) 5 5 0 - -Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings, Photographed -and Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions, -Churches, &c., taken at a short notice. - -Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and -Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed. - -Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus. - - PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, - 168. New Bond Street. - - * * * * * - - -THE LONDON SCHOOL OF PHOTOGRAPHY, 78. Newgate Street.--At this Institution, -Ladies and Gentlemen may learn in One Hour to take Portraits and -Landscapes, and purchase the necessary Apparatus for Five Pounds. No charge -is made for the Instruction. - - * * * * * - - -WHOLESALE PHOTOGRAPHIC DEPOT: DANIEL M^cMILLAN, 132. Fleet Street, London. -The Cheapest House in Town for every Description of Photographic Apparatus, -Materials, and Chemicals. - -*** Price List Free on Application. - - * * * * * - - -COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty -by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; certainty and -uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most -faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent -in the hands of the photographer. - -Albumenized paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a -minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire. - -Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality. - -Instruction in the Processes. - - BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and - Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London. - -*** Catalogues sent on application. - - * * * * * - - -THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety -of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury -to the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively -employed by - -BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London. - - * * * * * - - -IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have, -by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, -they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any -other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and -appreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed. - -Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of -Photography. Instruction in the Art. - -THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per -Post, 1s. 2d. - - * * * * * - - -PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS. - -KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of -the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's -Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and -pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art. -Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps. - -Instructions given in every branch of the Art. - -An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens. - -GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. - - * * * * * - - -PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous -Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. - -Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest -Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. - -Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this -beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. - - * * * * * - - -PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS. - -OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian -Road, Islington. - -OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or -Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn; the -Photographic Institution, Bond Street; and at the Manufactory as above, -where every description of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The -Trade supplied. - - * * * * * - - -Patronised by the Royal Family. - -TWO THOUSAND POUNDS for any person producing Articles superior to the -following: - -THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREYNESS PREVENTED. - -BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is acknowledged to be the most effectual article -for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strengthening when weak and fine, -effectually preventing falling or turning grey, and for restoring its -natural colour without the use of dye. The rich glossy appearance it -imparts is the admiration of every person. Thousands have experienced its -astonishing efficacy. Bottles, 2s. 6d.; double size, 4s. 6d.; 7s. 6d. equal -to 4 small; 11s. to 6 small; 21s. to 13 small. The most perfect beautifier -ever invented. - -SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED. - -BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its -effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by royalty and hundreds of the -first families. Bottles, 5s. - -BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effectual remover of Corns and Bunions. It -also reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an astonishing manner. If space -allowed, the testimony of upwards of twelve thousand individuals, during -the last five years, might be inserted. Packets, 1s.; Boxes, 2s. 6d. Sent -Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham, for 14 or 36 Post Stamps. - - Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street; JACKSON, 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY - & EVANS, Dublin; GOULDING, 108. Patrick Street, Cork; BARRY, 9. Main - Street, Kinsale; GRATTAN, Belfast; MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow; DUNCAN & - FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SANGER, 150. Oxford Street; PROUT, 229. Strand; - KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard; SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street; HANNAY, - 63. Oxford Street; London. All Chemists and Perfumers will procure - them. - - * * * * * - - -PHOTOGRAPHY. - -ON THE PRODUCTION OF WAXED-PAPER NEGATIVES, by JAMES HOW.--Just published -in THE CHEMIST, a Monthly Journal of Chemical and Physical Science. Edited -by JOHN and CHARLES WATT. June. Price 1s. - -London: SAMUEL HIGHLEY, 32. Fleet Street. - - * * * * * - - -WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. - -3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. - -Founded A.D. 1842. - - _Directors._ - - H. E. Bicknell, Esq. | T. Grissell, Esq. - T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P. | J. Hunt, Esq. - G. H. Drew, Esq. | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. - W. Evans, Esq. | E. Lucas, Esq. - W. Freeman, Esq. | J. Lys Seager, Esq. - F. Fuller, Esq. | J. B. White, Esq. - J. H. Goodhart, Esq. | J. Carter Wood, Esq. - - _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., - T. Grissell, Esq. - _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. - _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. - -VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. - -POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary -difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to -suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in -the Prospectus. - -Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in -three-fourths of the Profits:-- - - Age L s. d. | Age L s. d. - 17 1 14 4 | 32 2 10 8 - 22 1 18 8 | 37 2 18 6 - 27 2 4 5 | 42 3 8 2 - -ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. - -Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, -INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING -SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in -the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a -Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR -SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. -Parliament Street, London. - - * * * * * - - -ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER ALE.--MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP & SONS beg to inform the -TRADE that they are now registering Orders for the March Brewings of their -PALE ALE in Casks of 18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY, -Burton-on-Trent; and at the under-mentioned Branch Establishments: - - LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City. - LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street. - MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place. - DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree. - GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street. - DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay. - BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall. - SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol. - -MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE -FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly recommended by the Medical -Profession, may be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES _GENUINE_ from all the -most RESPECTABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on "ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being -specially asked for. - -When in bottle, the genuineness of the label can be ascertained by its -having "ALLSOPP & SONS" written across it. - - * * * * * - - -Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish -of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. -Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. -Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of -London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 10. -1854. - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 241, June -10, 1854, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** - -***** This file should be named 42819.txt or 42819.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/2/8/1/42819/ - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins -and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian -Libraries) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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