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diff --git a/42818.txt b/42818.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 7d696ac..0000000 --- a/42818.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3798 +0,0 @@ -Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 240, June 3, 1854, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Notes and Queries, Number 240, June 3, 1854 - A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, - Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc - -Author: Various - -Editor: George Bell - -Release Date: May 27, 2013 [EBook #42818] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** - - - - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins -and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian -Libraries) - - - - - -{509} - -NOTES AND QUERIES: - -A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, -GENEALOGISTS, ETC. - -"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. - - * * * * * - - -No. 240.] -SATURDAY, JUNE 3. 1854 -[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. - - * * * * * - - -CONTENTS. - - NOTES:-- Page - - St. Augustine on Clairvoyance, by J. E. B. Mayor 511 - - Edward Gibbon, Father and Son 511 - - Bohn's "Ordericus Vitalis" 512 - - A Curious Exposition 512 - - MINOR NOTES:--Inscription--Antiquarian Documents--Bishop - Watson's Map of Europe in 1854--Extracts from the - Registers of the Bishops of Lincoln--Marston and - Erasmus--Puzzle for the Heralds 513 - - QUERIES:-- - - Sepulchral Monuments 514 - - Queries on South's Sermons, by the Rev. W. H. Gunner 515 - - MINOR QUERIES:--Norwich, Kirkpatrick Collection of MSS. - for the History of--Corbet--Initials in Glass Quarries-- - Church Service: Preliminary Texts--The Spinning-machine - of the Ancients--View of Dumfries--"To pass the pikes"-- - May-day Custom--Maydenburi--Richard Fitz-Alan, ninth Earl - of Arundel--French Refugees--"Dilamgabendi"--Mr. - Plumley--Designation of Works under Review--North-west - Passage--Fountains--Pope and John Dennis 515 - - MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--The Irish at the Battle of - Crecy--King of the Isle of Wight--Theodore de la - Guard--Back--Broom at Masthead 517 - - REPLIES:-- - - The Advice supposed to have been given to Julius III., - by B. B. Woodward, &c. 518 - - Lord Rosehill 519 - - Major Andre 520 - - The Terminations "-by" and "-ness," by Wm. Matthews, &c. 522 - - Newspaper Folk Lore, by Edward Peacock 523 - - Ventilation, by T. J. Buckton 524 - - PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--History of Photographic - Discovery--Photographic Cautions--A Query respecting - Collodion--The Ceroleine Process--Mr. Fox Talbot's Patents 524 - - REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--The Olympic Plain--Encylopaedia - of Indexes, or Table of Contents--"One New Year's Day"-- - Unregistered Proverbs--Orange Blossoms--Peculiar Use of - the Word "Pure"--Worm in Books--Chapel Sunday--Bishop - Inglis of Nova Scotia--Gutta Percha made soluble--Impe-- - Bothy--Work on Ants--Jacobite Garters--"The Three - Pigeons"--Corporation Enactments--The Passion of our - Lord dramatised--Hardman's Account of Waterloo-- - Aristotle--Papyrus--Bell at Rouen--Word-minting-- - Coleridge's Christabel, &c. 526 - - MISCELLANEOUS:-- - - Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 530 - - Notices to Correspondents 530 - - * * * * * - - -Multae terricolis linguae, coelestibus una. - -SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS' - -[Illustration] - -GENERAL CATALOGUE is sent Free by Post. It contains Lists of Quarto Family -Bibles; Ancient English Translations; Manuscript-notes Bibles; Polyglot -Bibles in every variety of Size and Combination of Language; -Parallel-passages Bibles; Greek Critical and other Testaments; Polyglot -Books of Common Prayer; Psalms in English, Hebrew, and many other -Languages, in great variety; Aids to the Study of the Old Testament and of -the New Testament; and Miscellaneous Biblical and other Works. By Post -Free. - -London: SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, 15. Paternoster Row. - -[Greek: Pollai men thnetois Glottai, mia d'Athanatoisin] - - * * * * * - - -This Day, fcp. 8vo., 5s. - -SYNONYMS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT: being the Substance of a Course of Lectures -addressed to the Theological Students, King's College, London. By RICHARD -CHENEVIX TRENCH, B. D., Professor of Divinity, King's College, and -Examining Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of Oxford. - -Cambridge: MACMILLAN & CO. - -London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. - - * * * * * - - -This Day. fcp. 8vo., 3s. 6d. - -SKETCHES OF SCRIPTURE FEMALE CHARACTERS. Dedicated to her Children by the -VISCOUNTESS HOOD. - -London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. - - * * * * * - - -ANNOTATED EDITION OF THE ENGLISH POETS. By ROBERT BELL. - -In Monthly Volumes, 2s. 6d. each, in cloth. - -This Day, the Second Volume of - -COWPER'S POETICAL WORKS. - -Already published. - -DRYDEN. Complete in Three Volumes. - -SURREY, MINOR CONTEMPORANEOUS POETS, and SACKVILLE, LORD BUCKHURST. In One -Volume. - -On the First of July, the Third and concluding Volume of - -COWPER. - -London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. - - * * * * * - - -AMERICAN BOOKS.--LOW, SON, & CO., as the Importers and Publishers of -American Books in this Country, have recently issued a detailed Catalogue -of their Stock in Theology, History, Travels, Biography, Practical Science, -Fiction, &c., a Copy of which will be forwarded upon application. - -By arrangements with the American Publishers, all Works of known or -anticipated interest will in future be published by LOW, SON, & CO., -simultaneously with their appearance in America. Works not in stock -obtained within six weeks of order. Lists of Importations forwarded -regularly when desired. - -Literary Institutions, the Clergy, Merchants and Shippers, and the Trade, -supplied on advantageous terms. - -Small enclosures taken for weekly ease to the United States at a moderate -charge. - - * * * * * - - -Just published. - -A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, all perfect and in good Condition, and marked at -extremely low Prices. May be had on Application, or sent Post Free. - -UPHAM & BEET (late RODWELL), 46. New Bond Street, corner of Maddox Street. - - * * * * * - - -BOOKS.--Just Ready, No. 47. of REEVES & TURNER'S Catalogue of Books in -every Class of Literature, sent Free on application to 114. Chancery Lane. - - * * * * * - - -CATALOGUE of CLASSICAL, MATHEMATICAL, and SCHOOL BOOKS just ready, to be -had, or sent free on application to - -REEVES & TURNER, 114. Chancery Lane. - - * * * * * - - -In 64mo., price, bound and clasped, 1s. 6d. - -THE SERMON in the MOUNT. Printed by C. Whittingham, uniformly with THE -THUMB BIBLE from the Edition of 1693--which may still be had, price 1s. 6d. - -London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. - - * * * * * - - -Fourth Edition, price 1s. cloth (1s. 4d. by Post). - -A WORD TO THE WISE, or Hints on the Current Improprieties of Expression in -Writing and Speaking. By PARRY GWYNNE. - - "All who wish to mind their P's and Q's should consult this little - volume."--_Gentleman's Magazine._ - -GRANT & GRIFFITH, Corner of St. Paul's Church Yard. - - * * * * * - - -THE ORIGINAL QUADRILLES, composed for the PIANO FORTE by MRS. AMBROSE -MERTON. - - London: Published for the Proprietor and may be had of C. LONSDALE, 26. - Old Bond Street; and by Order of all Music Sellers. - -PRICE THREE SHILLINGS. - - * * * * * - - -{510} - - Important Sale by Auction of the whole of the remaining Copies of that - splendid National Work, known as "FINDEN'S ROYAL GALLERY OF BRITISH - ART," the engraved Plates of which will be destroyed during the - Progress of the Sale, and in the presence of the Purchasers. - -SOUTHGATE & BARRETT have received instructions from MR. HOGARTH, of the -Haymarket, to Sell by Public Auction at their Fine Art and Book Auction -Rooms, 22. Fleet Street, London, on Wednesday Evening, June 7th, and -following Evenings, - -THE WHOLE OF THE REMAINING COPIES - -Of the very Celebrated Work, known as - -FINDEN'S ROYAL GALLERY OF BRITISH ART, - -Consisting of a limited number of Artists' and other choice proofs, and the -print impressions, which are all in an exceedingly fine state. The work -consists of 48 plates, the whole of which are engraved in line by the most -eminent men in that branch of art, and the pictures selected will at once -show that the great artists--Turner, Eastlake, Landseer, Stanfield, -Webster, Roberts, Wilkie, Maclise, Mulready, and more than thirty other -British Masters, are represented by the works which established and upheld -them in public favour, and by themes which appeal to universal sympathy and -happiest affections, or which delineate the peculiar glories of our -country, and commemorate its worthiest and most honourable achievements. - -The attention of the public is also particularly directed to the fact that -ALL THE ENGRAVED PLATES from which the impressions now offered have been -taken, WILL BE DESTROYED IN THE PRESENCE OF THE PURCHASERS, at the time of -Sale. By thus securing the market from being supplied with inferior -impressions at a future time, and at a cheaper rate, the value of the -existing stock will be increased, and it will become the interest of all -who wish to possess copies of these eminent works of art, at a reduced -price, to purchase them at this Sale, which will be THE ONLY OPPORTUNITY of -obtaining them. - -Under these circumstances, therefore, SOUTHGATE & BARRETT presume to demand -for this Sale the attention of all lovers of art--the amateur, the artist, -and the public;--believing that no opportunity has ever offered so happily -calculated to promote taste and to extend knowledge, while ministering to -the purest and best enjoyments which the artist conveys to the hearts and -homes of all who covet intellectual pleasures. - -Framed Copies of the work can be seen at MR. HOGARTH'S, 5. Haymarket; -MESSRS. LLOYD, BROTHERS, & CO., 22. Ludgate Hill; and at the AUCTIONEERS, -22. Fleet Street, by whom all Communications and Commissions will be -promptly and faithfully attended to. - -*** Catalogues of the entire Sale will be forwarded on Receipt of 12 -Postage Stamps. - - * * * * * - - - Sale by Auction of the Stocks of extremely Valuable Modern Engravings, - the engraved Plates of which will be destroyed in the presence of the - Purchasers at the Time of Sale. - -SOUTHGATE & BARRETT beg to announce that they will include in their Sale by -Auction of "FINDEN'S ROYAL GALLERY," and other Valuable Works of Art of a -similar character, to take place at their Fine Art and Book Auction Rooms, -22. Fleet Street, London, on Wednesday Evening, June 7th, and Seventeen -following Evenings (Saturdays and Sundays excepted), the whole of the -STOCKS OF PROOFS AND PRINTS of the following HIGHLY IMPORTANT ENGRAVINGS, -published by MR. HOGARTH and MESSRS. LLOYD & CO. - - "Ehrenbreitstein," painted by J. M. W. Turner, R.A., engraved by John - Pye. "Ecce Homo," from the picture by Correggio, engraved by G. T. Doo. - "The Dame School," painted by T. Webster, R.A., engraved by L. Stocks. - "Eton Montem," two views illustrative of, from pictures by Evans of - Eton, engraved by Charles Lewis. "Portrait of Mrs. Elizabeth Fry," - engraved by Samuel Cousins, A.R.A. from a picture by George Richmond. - "Portraits of eminent Persons," by George Richmond and C. Baugniet. - "Portrait of W. C. Macready, Esq., as Werner," painted by D. Maclise, - R.A., engraved by Sharpe. Flowers of German Art, a series of 20 plates - by the most eminent engravers. Cranstone's Fugitive Etchings, 17 - plates. Turner and Girtin's River Scenery, 30 plates. "Cottage Piety," - painted by Thomas Faed, engraved by Henry Lemon (unpublished). "See - Saw," painted by T. Webster, R.A., engraved by Holl (unpublished). - "Village Pastor," painted by W. P. Frith, R.A., engraved by Holl. "The - Immaculate Conception," painted by Guido, engraved in line by W. H. - Watt. "Harvey demonstrating to Charles the First his Theory of the - Circulation of the Blood," painted by Hannah, engraved by Lemon. "The - Origin of Music," painted by Selous, engraved by Wass. "The First - Step," painted by Faed, engraved by Sharpe. "The Prize Cartoons," - published by Messrs. Longmans & Co. And numerous other highly - interesting and valuable works of Art. - -ALL THE ENGRAVED PLATES of the above-mentioned engravings WILL BE DESTROYED -in the presence of the purchasers at the time of sale, which will thereby -secure to the purchasers the same advantages as are mentioned in the -advertisement given above, of the sale of the remaining copies of "Finden's -Royal Gallery." - -Framed Impressions of each of the plates can be seen at MR. HOGARTH'S, 5. -Haymarket; at MESSRS. LLOYD, BROTHERS, & CO., 22. Ludgate Hill; and at the -AUCTIONEERS, 22. Fleet Street, by whom all communications and commissions -will be promptly and faithfully attended to. - -*** Catalogues of the entire sale will be forwarded on receipt of 12 -Postage Stamps. - - * * * * * - - -The very extensive, highly important, and extremely choice Stock of MODERN -ENGLISH AND FOREIGN ENGRAVINGS, WATER-COLOUR DRAWINGS, and expensive Books -of Prints, of MR. HOGARTH of the Haymarket. - -SOUTHGATE & BARRETT will Sell by Auction at their Fine Art and Book Auction -Rooms, 22. Fleet Street, on Wednesday Evening, June 7th, and Seventeen -following Evenings (Saturdays and Sundays excepted), in the same sale as -the "FINDEN'S ROYAL GALLERY OF BRITISH ART," this extremely valuable and -highly interesting Stock. Amongst the ENGRAVINGS will be found in the BEST -STATES OF ARTISTS' and other CHOICE PROOFS, nearly all the popular plates -that have been published during the last quarter of a century; also an -Important Collection of Foreign Line Engravings in the best states; a large -variety of Portraits and other subjects after Sir Joshua Reynolds, some -very rare; an extensive series of prints by Hogarth, in early proofs, and -with curious variations; a most complete series of artists' proofs of the -works of George Cruikshank, including nearly all his early productions, -many unique; a number of scarce Old Prints, and a series in fine states by -Sir Robert Strange. The Stock is peculiarly rich in the works of J. M. W. -Turner, R.A., and comprises artists' proofs and the choicest states of all -his important productions, and matchless copies of the England and Wales -and Southern Coast. The Collection of HIGH-CLASS WATER-COLOUR DRAWINGS -consists of examples of the most eminent artists (particularly some -magnificent specimens by J. M. W. Turner), as well as a great variety of -the early English School, and some by the Ancient Masters; also a most -interesting Collection by Members of the Sketching Society. Of the Modern -School are examples by-- - - Absolon - Austin - Barrett - Cattermole - Collins - Fielding, C. - Holland - Hunt - Landseer, E. - Leslie - Lewis, J. - Liverseege - Maclise - Muller - Nesfield - Prout - Tayler, F. - Uwins - Webster - Wilkie - -Catalogues of the entire Sale will be forwarded on receipt of 12 postage -stamps, and all communication and commissions promptly and faithfully -attended to. - -22. Fleet Street, London. - - * * * * * - - -ARUNDEL SOCIETY.--The Publication of the Fourth Year (1852-3), consisting -of Eight Wood Engravings by MESSRS. DALZIEL, from Mr. W. Oliver Williams' -Drawings after GIOTTO'S Frescos at PADUA, is now ready; and Members who -have not paid their Subscriptions are requested to forward them to the -Treasurer by Post-Office Order, payable at the Charing Cross Office. - - JOHN J. ROGERS, - Treasurer and Hon. Sec. - 13. & 14. Pall Mall East. - March, 1854. - - * * * * * - - -PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION. - -THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental -Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission. - - L s. d. - A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent - Process 1 1 0 - Additional Copies (each) 0 5 0 - A Coloured Portrait, highly finished - (small size) 3 3 0 - A Coloured Portrait, highly finished - (larger size) 5 5 0 - -Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings, Photographed -and Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions, -Churches, &c., taken at a short notice. - -Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and -Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed. - -Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus. - - PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, - 168. New Bond Street. - - * * * * * - - -DR. DE JONGH'S LIGHT BROWN COD LIVER OIL. Prepared for medicinal use in the -Loffoden Isles, Norway, and put to the test of chemical analysis. The most -effectual remedy for Consumption, Bronchitis, Asthma, Gout, Chronic -Rheumatism, and all Scrofulous Diseases. - -Approved of and recommended by BERZELIUS, LIEBIG, WOEHLER, JONATHAN -PEREIRA, FOUQUIER, and numerous other eminent medical men and scientific -chemists in Europe. Specially rewarded with medals by the Governments of -Belgium and the Netherlands. Has almost entirely superseded all other kinds -on the Continent, in consequence of its proved superior power and -efficacy--effecting a cure much more rapidly. Contains iodine, phosphate of -chalk, volatile acid, and the elements of the bile--in short, all its most -active and essential principles--in larger quantities than the pale oils -made in England and Newfoundland, deprived mainly of these by their mode of -preparation. A pamphlet by Dr. de Jongh, with detailed remarks upon its -superiority, directions for use, cases in which it has been prescribed with -the greatest success, and testimonials, forwarded gratis on application. - -The subjoined testimonial of BARON LIEBIG, Professor of Chemistry at the -University of Giessen, is selected from innumerable others from medical and -scientific men of the highest distinction: - - "SIR,--I have the honour of addressing you my warmest thanks for your - attention in forwarding me your work on the chemical composition and - properties, as well as on the medicinal effects, of various kinds of - Cod Liver Oil. - - "You have rendered an essential service to science by your researches, - and your efforts to provide sufferers with this Medicine in its purest - and most genuine state, must ensure you the gratitude of every one who - stands in need of its use. - - "I have the honour of remaining, with expressions of the highest regard - and esteem, - - "Yours sincerely - "DR. JUSTUS LIEBIG." - "Giessen, Oct. 30. 1847. - "To Dr. de Jongh at the Hague." - -Sold Wholesale and Retail, in bottles, labelled with Dr. de Jongh's Stamp -and Signature, by ANSAR, HARFORD, & CO., 77. Strand, Sole Consignees and -Agents for the United Kingdom and British Possessions; and by all -respectable Chemists and Venders of Medicine in Town and Country, at the -following prices:--Imperial Measure, Half-pints, 2s. 6d.; Pints, 4s. 9d. - - * * * * * - - -{511} - -_LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 3, 1854._ - - * * * * * - -Notes. - -ST. AUGUSTINE ON CLAIRVOYANCE. - -Dr. Maitland, in his valuable _Illustrations of Mesmerism_, has not, I -think, noticed an important passage in St. Augustine's treatise, _De Genesi -ad litteram_, l. XII. c. 17. ss. 34. _seq._, in which, after saying that -demons _can read men's thoughts_, and know what is passing at a distance, -he proceeds to give a detailed account of two cases of _clairvoyance_. The -whole is written with his usual graphic power, and will well reward the -perusal. I must content myself with a brief outline of the facts. - -1. A patient, suffering from a fever, was supposed to be possessed by an -unclean spirit. Twelve miles off lived a presbyter, with whom, in mesmerist -phraseology, he was _en rapport_. He would receive no food from any other -hands; with him, except when a fit was upon him, he was calm and -submissive. When the presbyter left his home the patient would indicate his -position at each stage of his journey, and mark his nearer and nearer -approach. "He is entering the farm--the house--he is at the door;" and his -visitor stood before him. Once he foretold the death of a neighbour, not as -though he were predicting a future event, but as if recollecting a past. -For when she was mentioned in his hearing, he exclaimed, "She is dead, I -saw her funeral; that way they carried out her corpse." In a few days she -fell sick and died, and was carried out along that very road which he had -named. - -2. A boy was labouring under a painful disorder, which the physicians had -vainly endeavoured to relieve. In the exhaustion which followed on his -convulsive struggles, he would pass into a trance, keeping his eyes open, -but insensible to what was going on around him, and passively submitting to -pinches from the bystanders (_ad nullam se vellicationem movens_). After -awhile he awoke and told what he had seen. Generally an old man and a youth -appeared to him; at the beginning of Lent they promised him ease during the -forty days, and gave him _directions by which he might be relieved and -finally cured_. He followed their counsel, with the promised success. - -Augustine's remarks (c. xviii. s. 39.) on these and similar phenomena are -well worth reading. He begs the learned not to mock him as speaking -confidently, and the unlearned not to take what he says on trust, but hopes -that both will regard him simply as an inquirer. He compares these visions -to those in dreams. Some come true, and some false; some are clear, others -obscure. But men love to search into what is singular, neglecting what is -usual, though even more inexplicable; just as when a man hears a word whose -sound is new to him, he is curious to know its meaning; while he never -thinks of asking the meaning of words familiar to his ear, however little -he may really understand them. If any one then wishes for a satisfactory -account of these strange phenomena, let him first explain the phenomena of -dreams, or let him show how the images of material objects reach the mind -through the eyes. - -J. E. B. MAYOR. - -St. John's College, Cambridge. - - * * * * * - -EDWARD GIBBON, FATHER AND SON. - -Gibbon mentions in his _Memoirs_ (edit. 1796, p. 18.), that in 1741 his -father and Mr. Delme successfully contested Southampton against Mr. Henly, -subsequently Lord Chancellor, but that, after the dissolution in 1747, he -was unable or unwilling to maintain another contest, and "the life of the -senator expired in that dissolution." Not so the hopes of the senator, as -will appear from the following extract from a letter, dated "Beriton, -January 27, 1754:" - - "I received the favour of your letter according to the time you - promised. As Lord M---- has promised his own votes, I find there is - nothing to be done: strange behaviour, sure! But there seems to be such - infatuation upon this poor country, that even a good Catholic shall - join with a Dissenter to rivet on her chains. There are several of the - Independents would have me stand it out, but I would not on any - account, for I find it would make great dissensions, and even several - of Lord M----'s fagots and tenants would vote against him; and another - thing, it would lessen him in the opinion of a _great many people_ to - have him making interest for the two _present worthy candidates_ - against me. I shall therefore, upon his account, give over all thoughts - of standing; and I hope it may give me some little more credit and - merit with him against another election, especially if you would _be so - good as to improve it for me_." - -The following is of far greater interest--full of character. How well it -illustrates the paragraph in the _Memoirs_ (pp. 82-3.): - - "My stay at Beriton was always voluntary ... I never handled a gun, I - seldom mounted a horse; and my philosophic walks were soon terminated - by a shady bench, where I was long detained by the sedentary amusement - of reading or meditation." - - It appears however, by this letter, that on one occasion he trespassed - on some neighbour's game preserves, and received a hint on the subject: - - Beriton, Nov. 16, 1758. - - SIR, - - As I am extremely well convinced of your politeness, and your readiness - to grant your {512} neighbours any reasonable liberty with regard to - country sports, so I should be very sorry if either myself or my - servants had taken any improper ones. - - I am no sportsman, Sir, and was as much tempted this morning by the - beauty of the day and the pleasure of the ride as by the hopes of any - sport. I went out, and, neither acquainted with the bounds of the - manors nor your request to the neighbouring gentlemen, could only - follow my groom where he led me. I quitted your manor the instant I - received your message, without having killed anything in it. I assure - you that you shall never have again the same subject of complaint. With - regard to the liberty you are so good as to grant me for other sports, - I return you my most humble thanks, but shall not make much use of it, - as there are still in my father's manor more game than would satisfy so - moderate a sportsman as myself. - - My father would be extremely angry if his servants had destroyed any of - your game; but they all assure him they have killed no one hare upon - your liberties. As to pheasants, they have only killed one this season, - and that in Inwood copse. - - I am, - Sir, - Your obedient humble servant, - E. GIBBON, Junior. - -E. G. F. S. - - * * * * * - -BOHN'S "ORDERICUS VITALIS." - -In looking through the pages of _Ordericus Vitalis_, vol. ii. (Bohn's -edition), I have noticed some trifling inaccuracies, to one or more of -which you will perhaps suffer me to call the editor's attention through the -medium of "N. & Q.," in case he be not already aware of them. - -At p. 70. King William is described as offering the bishopric of Mans to -"Samson, _Bishop_ of Bayeux, his chaplain." So in the index to _Histor. -Anglic. circa tempus Conquestus, &c., a Francisco Maseres_, I find this -passage of Vitalis referred to under the title of "Sanson Baiocensis -_episcopus_." - -But yet Odo was Bishop of Bayeux at this time; and notwithstanding what -Marbode _afterwards_ said of Bayeux, when he invited his old pupil to meet -him there, viz. "Sedes praesulibus sufficit illa tribus," yet Samson, even -then, was not Bishop of Bayeux, but of Worcester. - -The original words of Vitalis are, "Sansoni _Baiocensi_," Samson being -(temp. Will. I.) Canon and Treasurer of Bayeux, as well as Baron of Dover, -and Canon of St. Martin's there, Dean of Wolverhampton, and chaplain to -William. He was a married man, and apparently at the time in question only -in deacon's orders. One of his sons, at a later period, became Bishop of -Bayeux, as did also a grandson, whose mother (according to Beziers) was -"Isabelle de Dovre, maitresse de Robert Conte de Glocester, batard de Henri -I., Roi d'Angleterre." Upon which I would found a Query, viz., Was this -grandson of Samson, whose name was Richard, an _uterine_ or a _half_ -brother of Roger, Bishop of Worcester? Both are described as sons of -Robert, Earl of Gloucester. - -At p. 261. Alberede is described in the text of the translation to be a -daughter of "Hugh, Bishop of Evreux," whereas in the original she is said -to be "Hugonis Bajocensis episcopi filia." - -In a note to this passage we are informed that Hugh, Bishop of Lisieux, -died at the Council of Rheims (Oct. 1049), and that he was eldest son of -Ralph, Count d'Ivri &c. On the contrary, we are told at p. 428, note 2, -that it was Odo's predecessor (_i. e._ Hugh d'Ivri) in the see of Bayeux, -who died at the Council of Rheims, Oct. 1049. Again, in a note at p. 118, -we learn that Hugh d'Eu, who succeeded Herbert as Bishop of Lisieux in -1050, or the year following the Council in question, did not vacate that -see until 1077. - -Before I close this Note, I should be glad to inquire what grounds the -editor has for asserting (p. 32, n. 1.) that Thomas, Archbishop of York, -"was not a chaplain to the king" before his promotion. Thierry, _Histoire -de la Conquete, &c._ (Par. 1825, tome ii. p. 18.), says: "Thomas, l'un des -chapelains du roi, fut nomme archeveque d'York." And by Godwin (_De -Praesul. Angl._, tom. ii. p. 244.) we are told that Odo-- - - "Eum (Thomam) Thesaurarium Baiocensem constituit, et postea _Regi - fratri commendavit, ut illi esset a sacras_." - -ANON. - - * * * * * - -A CURIOUS EXPOSITION. - -The following curious illustration, which I met with the other day in a -book where few would be likely to look for it, seems to me fairly to -deserve a place among the Notes of your interesting publication. It forms -the _moral_ exposition, by Cornelius a Lapide, of Ex. vii. 22.: "And the -magicians of Egypt did so with their enchantments," &c. - - "See here," he says, "how the devil contends with God, the magicians - with the prophets, and heretics with the orthodox, by imitating their - words and deeds. In our days, as the English Martyrology testifies, - Richard White (_Vitus_) disputed with a wicked English Calvinist, who - was more mighty in drinking than in argument, concerning the keys of - the Church, and when the heretic pertinaciously asserted that they were - given to himself, White wittily and ingeniously replied: 'I believe - that they have been given to you as they were to Peter, but with this - distinction, that his were the keys of heaven, but yours of the - beer-cellar; {513} for this the _rubicund promontory of your nose_ - indicates.' Thus do heretics turn water into blood. This is their - miracle." - -Richard White I presume to have been an ejected Fellow of New College, -Oxford, afterwards rector of the University of Douai, and a Count Palatine -of the empire, author of sundry antiquarian and theological works; but it -is surely strange that this piece of ribaldry, of which he had been guilty, -should be thought worthy of being recorded; and still more so, that it -should be thus applied by a grave and learned Jesuit commentator. - -C. W. B. - - * * * * * - - -Minor Notes. - -_Inscription._--The following quaint inscription is to be found on a -gravestone in the churchyard of Llangollen, North Wales: - - "Our life is but a winter's day: - Some only breakfast and away; - Others to dinner stay, and are full fed; - The oldest man but sups, and goes to bed. - Large is the debt who lingers out the day; - Who goes the soonest has the least to pay." - -J. R. G. - -Dublin. - -_Antiquarian Documents._--At a time when public records and state papers -are being thrown open by the Government in so liberal a spirit, might not -some plan be devised for admitting the public to the Church's antiquarian -documents also, treasured in the various chapter-houses, diocesan -registries, and cathedral libraries? - -Might not catalogues of these be printed, as well as the more historically -valuable and curious of the papers themselves? And is there any sufficient -reason why the earlier portions of the parochial registers throughout the -country might not be published, say down to the commencement of the present -century, prior to which they appear to have no other value except for -literary purposes? - -J. SANSOM. - -_Bishop Watson's Map of Europe in 1854._--The following paragraph is an -extract from a letter written by Bishop Watson to Dr. Falconer of Bath, in -the year 1804: - - "The death of a single prince in any part of Europe, remarkable either - for wisdom or folly, renders political conjectures of future - contingencies so extremely uncertain, that I seldom indulge myself in - forming them; yet it seems to me probable, that Europe will soon be - divided among three powers, France, Austria, and Russia; and in half a - century between two, France and Russia; and that America will become - the greatest naval power on the globe, and be replenished by migrations - of oppressed and discontented people from every part of Europe."--See - _Anecdotes of the Life of Richard Watson, Bishop of Llandaff_, 2 vols. - 8vo., London, 1818, vol. ii. p. 196. - -C. FORBES. - -Temple. - -_Extracts from the Registers of the Bishops of Lincoln._--In searching -through the registers of the bishops of Lincoln, the following curious -entries met my eye: - - "_Smoke-farthings._--Commissio domini episcopi ad levandum le Smoke - farthinges, alias dict. Lincoln farthinges a nostris Archidiaconatus - nostri Leycestriae: subditis ad utilitatem nostrae matricis ecclesiae - Cath. Linc. sponsae nostrae convertend., dicti Smoke farthinges - conceduntur ad constructionem campanili ecclesiae prebendalis Sanctae - Margaretae Leycestr. 1444." - -The above entry occurs at fo. 48. of the register of William Alnewick, -Bishop of Lincoln. - - "A^o 1450. _Testamentum domini Thomae Cumberworth, militis._--In the - name of Gode and to his loveyng, Amen. I, Thomas Cumbyrworth, knyght, - the xv day of Feberer, the yere of oure Lord m^lcccc and L. in clere - mynde and hele of body, blyssed be Gode, ordan my last wyll on this - wyse folowyng. Furst, I gyff my sawle to God, my Lorde and my - Redemptur, and my wrechid body to be beryd in a chiffe w^towte any - kyste in the northyle of the parych kirke of Someretby be my wyfe, and - I wyll my body ly still, my mowth opyn, untild xxiiij owrys, and after - laid on bere w[t]towtyn any thyng y^ropon to coverit bot a sheit and a - blak cloth, w^t a white crose of cloth of golde, but I wyl my kyste be - made and stande by, and at my bereall giff it to hym that fillis my - grave; also I gif my blissid Lord God for my mortuary there I am bered - my best hors." - -This entry occurs at fo. 43. of the register of Marmaduke Lumley, Bishop of -Lincoln. - -Z. - -_Marston and Erasmus._--I am not aware the following similarity of idea, -between a passage in Marston's _Antonio and Mellida_ and one in Erasmus' -_Colloquies_, has ever been pointed out: - - " . . . . As having clasp'd a rose - Within my palm, the rose being ta'en away, - My hand retains a little breath of sweet. - So may man's trunk, his spirit slipp'd away, - Hold still a faint perfume of his sweet guest." - _Antonio and Mellida_, Act IV. Sc. 1. From - the reprint in the _Ancient British Drama_. - - "Anima quae moderatur utrunque corpus animantis, improprie dicitur - anima cum revera sint tenues quaedam animae reliquiae, non aliter quam - odor rosarum manet in manu, etiam rosa submota."--_Erasmi Colloq._, - Leyden edit. 1703, vol. i. p. 694. - -H. F. S. - -Cambridge. - -_Puzzle for the Heralds._--Some years ago Sir John Newport, Bart., and who -was married, and Sir Simon Newport, who had received the honour of -knighthood, and was also married, lived in or {514} near the city of -Waterford; and I have heard that owing to the frequent mistakes arising -from the two ladies being called each "Lady Newport," a case was sent to -Dublin for the opinion of the Ulster King of arms. It is said he himself -was puzzled; Sir Simon's lady was not "Lady Newport," for Sir John's lady -had a prior and higher claim; she was not "Lady Simon," for her husband was -not Lord Simon; but he ultimately decided that the lady was to be called -"Lady Sir Simon," and she was never afterwards known by any other title. - -Y. S. M. - - * * * * * - - -Queries. - -SEPULCHRAL MONUMENTS. - -As recumbent effigies are in vogue, there are some points connected -herewith worthy of discussion at the present time in your pages. The -ultra-admirers of the mediaeval monuments will not allow the slightest -deviation from what they regard as the prescriptive model--a figure with -the head straight, and the hands raised in prayer. One of their arguments -is, that the ancient effigy is alive, while the modern modifications are in -a state of death, and consequently repulsive to the feelings of the -spectator. In my opinion, however, the vitality of the old ones is very -questionable. Let us reflect upon their probable origin. In former times -the bodies of ecclesiastics and other personages were laid in state, -exposed to public view, and even carried into the churches in that -condition: a custom still prevalent abroad. It is reasonable to conjecture -that the monuments intended to perpetuate this scene in stone, imitating -the form of the deceased, with the canopy and bier, and adorned with -armorial bearings and other appropriate devices. Images of wax were -frequently substituted for the corpse, some of which (among them Queen -Elizabeth's) are still preserved in Westminster Abbey; but the practice was -kept up even down to the time of the great Duke of Marlborough. It is -recorded in history, that during the progress of the body of our Henry V. -from France, a figure of the king, composed of boiled leather, was placed -upon the coffin. York Cathedral contains a beautiful example of a complete -monument of this description in the Early English style, which degenerated -by degrees into the four-post bed, with its affectionate couple, of the -Elizabethan period. It is obviously a fair deduction, from these -circumstances, that the sepulchral effigies are "hearsed in death." - -From Mr. Ruskin's _Stones of Venice_, it appears that the figures on the -Venetian tombs of the Middle Ages are manifestly dead; and such, it may be -inferred, is the impression conveyed to his highly cultivated mind by the -contemplation of those in our own country. - - "In the most elaborate examples," says this observant writer, "the - canopy is surmounted by a statue, generally small, representing the - dead person in the full strength and pride of life, while the recumbent - figure shows him as he lay in death. And at this point the perfect type - of the Gothic tomb is reached." - -Describing one at Verona, of the fourteenth century, he observes: - - "The principal aim of the monument is to direct the thoughts to his - image as he lies in death, and to the expression of his hope of - resurrection." - -And towards the conclusion of his review of their development he writes: - - "This statue in the meantime has been gradually coming back to life - through a curious series of transitions. The Vendramin monument is one - of the last which shows, or pretends to show, the recumbent figure laid - in death. A few years later this idea became disagreeable to polite - minds; and lo! the figures which before had been laid at rest upon the - tomb pillow, raised themselves on their elbows, and began to look - around them. The soul of the sixteenth century dared not contemplate - its body in death." - -Flaxman, in his remarks on the monuments of Aylmer de Valence and Edmund -Crouchback in Westminster Abbey, admires - - "The solemn repose of the principal figure, representing the deceased - in his last prayer for mercy to the throne of grace, the delicacy of - thought in the group of angels bearing the soul, and the tender - sentiment of concern variously expressed in the relations ranged in - order round the basement." - -As, however, a canopy on the former exhibits a living figure of the -departed on horseback, such as Mr. Ruskin notices in Italy, and as the -angels are said to bear the soul, the knight must certainly have breathed -his last. The raised hands are no refutation of the argument, since there -are grounds for the assertion that those of the dead bodies laid in state -were sometimes tied together to retain them in the suitable position. A few -exceptional instances, no doubt, occur of variations in the attitude -irreconcileable with death, and equally inconsistent with a reclining -posture. It must also be admitted that in brasses and incised slabs (which -may be regarded in many respects as parallel memorials), the eyes are -almost invariably unclosed; yet the fact, neither in this case nor in that -of the carved marble, does not by any means certify that the individuals -are alive. - -Since then there is so much reason for the supposition that the generality -of our ancestors are sculptured in the sleep of death, the recumbent figure -of a Christian clasping the Bible, and slightly turning his head, just -passed away into another state of existence (not into purgatory, {515} but -into a happier world), cannot surely be now deemed unsuitable to a Gothic -church. - -C. T. - - * * * * * - -QUERIES ON SOUTH'S SERMONS. - -I should be glad to know the authority for the following statement in -South's sermon, _Against long Extempore Prayers_, vol. i. p. 251., Tegg's -edition, 1843: - - "These two things are certain, and I do particularly recommend them to - your observation: One, that this way of praying by the Spirit, as they - call it, was begun, and first brought into use here in England, in - Queen Elizabeth's days, by a Popish priest and Dominican friar, one - Faithful Commin by name. Who, counterfeiting himself a Protestant, and - a zealot of the highest form, set up this new spiritual way of praying, - with a design to bring the people first to a contempt, and from thence - to an utter hatred and disuse of our Common Prayer; which he still - reviled as only a translation of the mass, thereby to distract men's - minds, and to divide our Church. And this he did with such success, - that we have lived to see the effects of his labours in the utter - subversion of Church and State; which hellish negociation, when this - malicious hypocrite came to Rome to give the Pope an account of, he - received of him, as so notable a service well deserved, besides a - thousand thanks, two thousand ducats for his pains." - -Also, who was W. W., the author of "a virulent and insulting pamphlet, -entitled, _A Letter to a Member of Parliament_, printed in the year 1697, -and as like the author himself, W. W., as malice can make it," referred to -in a note by South at the end of his sermon on _The Recompence of the -Reward_, vol. ii. p. 152. Is this pamphlet still in existence? - -W. H. GUNNER. - -Winchester. - - * * * * * - - -Minor Queries. - -_Norwich, Kirkpatrick Collection of MSS. for the History of._--Mr. Simon -Wilkin, in the preface to the _Repertorium_, contained in his fourth volume -of his valuable edition of the works of Sir Thomas Browne, p. 4., having -spoken of the large collections for the History of Norwich made by Mr. John -Kirkpatrick, who died in 1728, and gave the said collections by will to the -mayor, sheriffs, citizens, and commonalty of the city of Norwich, in order -that "some citizen hereafter, being a skilful antiquary, may, from the -same, have an opportunity of completing and publishing the said history," -&c., goes on to say, "the MSS. referred to were some years ago in the -possession of the corporation, but we fear the original intention of the -donor has been lost sight of, and that these valuable MSS. are for ever -lost to the lover of local antiquities." This was printed in 1835. But the -subject ought not to be permitted to drop and rest there. Up to that date, -can it be ascertained that the papers remained in the keeping of the -Corporation? Are they still in their hands, though inaccessible? Can any -information be obtained as to the _when_ and the _how_ they passed out of -their possession? Or, above all, can any clue be found to their subsequent -history and present resting-place? It may be suggested to any patriotic -citizen and antiquary of the fair city of Norwich, that, inasmuch as the -Corporation, by the terms of the will, are only _trustees_ for the -property, the Court of Chancery might be moved to assist in the recovery -thereof. - -T. A. T. - -Florence, March, 1854. - -_Corbet._--Can any of your readers furnish information relative to the -Scottish family of Corbet, one member of whom emigrated to America, about -the year 1705, from the neighbourhood of Dumfries? - -CORBIE. - -Philadelphia. - -_Initials in Glass Quarries._--In St. Clement's Church, Norwich, are some -diamond-shaped panes of glass, or _quarries_, containing initial letters, -&c. - -1. The letters I. V. beneath a mitre. (Glass probably about A.D. 1600.) Do -these belong to any Bishop of Norwich? - -2. A. A. 3. A. I. Glass and style probably give 1500-1550 for the date. - -At St. Neots' parish church, Huntingdonshire, the initials W. and M. -interlaced, G., and C., occur on several quarries. - -At Puttenham, Hertfordshire, is a broken quarry bearing a shield, charged -with a ship in full sail; on a chief, the arms of King's Coll. Cambridge. -The living belongs to that college, I believe. - -Can any of your correspondents assist in assigning these initials and arms -to their respective owners? The date of the glass in the two last-named -cases is probably the end of the seventeenth century. - -G. R. YORK. - -_Church Service: Preliminary Texts._--Among the texts with which the Church -of England Service commences, is one with two references; the former of -these is the correct index to the words, the latter points to a kindred -text. At Jer. x. 24. we find the passage; then why is Ps. vi. 1. added, no -parallel text being indicated to any of the other ten? Has this always so -stood? - -W. T. M. - -Hong Kong. - -_The Spinning-machine of the Ancients._--Can any of your readers give a -satisfactory explanation of the difficult passage which occurs at the end -of Catullus' _Epithalamium_, containing the description of the -spinning-wheel of the Fates? As this has been such a perplexing subject -hitherto to commentators, a solution of the terms there employed, {516} -illustrated by a plan of the machine, would doubtless be a boon to many who -have unsuccessfully tried to understand it. - -[Greek: Philomathes.] - -_View of Dumfries._--I have a modern lithographed view of the town of -Dumfries, said to have been taken from an old engraving in some printed -book. It represents a small chapel (the Crystal Chapel) on a height in the -foreground, and the walls of the town and the old church behind. I have in -vain sought for the original, and have almost come to the conclusion that -the drawing is a forgery. Can any of your readers who have access to the -Bodleian, inform me whether anything of the kind is to be found in Gough's -_Topographical Collections_, which are there deposited? - -BALIVUS. - -Edinburgh. - -"_To pass the pikes._"--What is the origin of this phrase? - -G. TAYLOR. - -_May-day Custom._--Can any of your correspondents inform me of the origin -of a singular custom which prevails in Huntingdonshire on May 1, viz. that -of suspending from a rope, which is hung across the road in every village, -a doll with pieces of gay-coloured silk and ribbon, and no matter what, -attached to it; candlesticks and snuffers, spoons and forks, being parts of -those I saw the other day in Summersham, St. Ives, and several other -places. - -HENRIETTA M. COLE. - -3. Gloucester Crescent, Hyde Park. - -_Maydenburi._--The seal with which I close my letter was purchased some -years ago on the west coast of Wales. It is engraved on brass; the upper -part being much beaten down, as if struck with a hammer when used, but the -face is perfect. The legend is, "S. IONIS. DE MAYDENBVRI:" but being -engraved in the usual direction, it reads on the impression from right to -left. The "s." may be read either as "sanctus" or "sigillum." The figure is -that of St. Christopher, bearing Christ across a running stream. - -I have not been able to discover the locality of Maydenburi, and therefore -my questions to such of your readers as are more skilled in mediaeval lore -than myself, are, Where is this place situated, and what was its previous -destination, monastic or otherwise? and who was the original proprietor of -the seal? - -H. E. S. - -Tewkesbury. - -_Richard Fitz-Alan, ninth Earl of Arundel._--Can any one tell me why -Richard Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, who married Eleanora, -daughter of Henry Plantagenet, Earl of Lancaster, relict of Henry Lord -Beaumont, received the _sobriquet_ of "Richard with the Copped Hat?" - -H. M. - -_French Refugees._--During the time of the French Revolution, 1789-1800, -many families emigrated to England, and received shelter and support at an -hospital then situate in Spital Fields. I should feel obliged for any -information relating to the books or registers of that hospital wherein -would be found the names of the emigrants, and also whether there is any -publication relating to them. - -J. F. F. - -Dublin. - -"_Dilamgabendi._"--What is the precise meaning of the word _Dilamgabendi_; -is it of ancient British origin, or to what language does it belong? - -A TRAVELLER. - -_Mr. Plumley._--In the _Literary Intelligencer_ for March, 1822, No. 131., -in an article entitled "Extremes Meet," it is said: - - "Mr. Plumley concludes one of his tragedies with a dying speech and an - execution. And gives an appendix of references to the passages of - Scripture quoted in his plays." - -Who was Mr. Plumley, and what did he write? I cannot find any book to which -the above passage can refer in the British Museum. - -C. L. - -_Designation of Works under Review._--I shall be much indebted to the -Editor of "N. & Q.," or to any of his correspondents, if he or they will -inform me of the designation under which the works, whose names stand at -the head of a review, should be technically referred to by the reviewer. - -C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. - -Birmingham. - -_North-west Passage._--In 1612, Captain Thomas Button made a voyage to -discover the north-west passage, and was afterwards knighted by King James. -Can any of your readers refer me to a pedigree, or other particulars, of -Sir Thomas Button's family? They appear to have been seated at Duffryn, in -Glamorganshire, as early as the fourteenth or fifteenth century. Sir -Thomas' daughter Ann married General Rowland Langharne, of St. Bride's, -Pembrokeshire, a noted character in the civil war. - -NOTARY. - -_Fountains._--Will some kind reader obligingly state the names of any works -that give representations or descriptions of foreign fountains? - -AQUARIUS. - -_Pope and John Dennis._--What is the authority for the universal assumption -that Pope wrote _The Narrative of Dr. Robert Norris_? It is said, in the -notes to the _Dunciad_, to have been published in Swift and Pope's -_Miscellanies_, vol. iii. This does not prove that Pope wrote it. Farther, -it is not {517} in the third volume of the _Miscellanies_ as republished in -1731. What are the facts? - -P. J. D. - - * * * * * - - -Minor Queries with Answers. - -_The Irish at the Battle of Crecy._--I should feel obliged if any of your -readers could inform me where the authority is for the Irish at the battle -of Crecy having been the first to come to close fight with the French, and -doing, "after the manner of their own countrie," effective service with -their skenes or long knives. - -M. P. - - [There is the best authority for this assertion, even that of the - veritable Holinshed, who quotes from Froissart, the cotemporary of our - victorious Edward. "The armie which he (Edward) had over with him, was - to the number of 4000 men of armes, and 10,000 archers, besides - _Irishmen_ and Welshmen that followed the host on foot." The French - historian also informs us, that the skene or knife was the chief weapon - used by the Irish in that age: "The Irish have pointed knives with - broad blades, sharp on both sides, like a dart-head, with which they - kill their enemies," &c. Johnes's _Translation_, vol. iv. p. 428.: see - also Grafton's _Chronicle_, p. 261.; and Keightley's _History of - England_, vol. i. p. 279.] - -_King of the Isle of Wight._--I was not aware that the Isle of Wight, like -the Isle of Man, had once been a kingdom. It seems that Henry de Beauchamp, -Earl and Duke of Warwick, was crowned, _circa_ 1445, King of the Isle of -Wight. Perhaps some of your correspondents may be able to throw some light -on this matter. - -E. H. A. - - [Henry Beauchamp, Duke of Warwick, son of Richard Earl of Warwick, was - crowned King of the Isle of Wight by patent 24 Henry VI., King Henry in - person assisting at the ceremonial, and placing the crown on his head. - Leland (_Itiner._, vol. vi. p. 91.) says, "Henricus Comes de Warwike ab - Henrico VI. cui carissimus erat, coronatus _in regem de Wighte_, et - postea nominatus primus comes totius Angliae." Leland takes this _ex - Libello de Antiquitate Theoksibriensis Monasterii_, in the church of - which house this Duke of Warwick was buried. But little notice has been - taken of this singular event by our historians, and, except for some - other collateral evidence, the authenticity of it might be doubted; but - the representation of this duke with an imperial crown on his head and - a sceptre before him, in an ancient window of the collegiate church at - Warwick, leaves no doubt that such an event did take place. (See - Worsley's _Hist. of the Isle of Wight_ for a plate copied from an - accurate drawing of the king.) This honourable mark of the royal - favour, however, conveyed no regal authority, the king having no power - to transfer the sovereignty of any part of his dominions, as is - observed by Lord Coke in his _Institutes_, where this transaction is - discussed; and there is reason to conclude that, though titular king, - he did not even possess the lordship of the island, no surrender - appearing from Duke Humphrey, who was then living, and had a grant for - the term of his life. Mr. Selden too, in his _Titles of Honour_, p. - 29., treating of the title of the King of Man, observes that "it was - like that of King of the Isle of Wight, in the great Beauchamp, Duke of - Warwick, who was crowned king under Henry VI." Henry Beauchamp was also - crowned King of Guernsey and Jersey. He died soon after these honours - had been conferred on him, June 11, 1445, when the regal title expired - with him, and the lordship of the island, at the death of the Duke of - Gloucester, reverted to the crown.] - -_Theodore de la Guard._--I have a tract by him with the title of _The -simple Cobler of Aggawam, in America_, London, 1647. Who was he? and where -can I find any account of him or his work? - -CPL. - - [The Rev. Nathaniel Ward was the author of this work. He was born at - Haverhill in Essex, of which place his father was a clergyman; and - after studying at Cambridge, became minister of Standon in Herts; but - was cited before the bishop, Dec. 12, 1631, to answer for his - nonconformity. Being forbidden to preach, he embarked for America in - April, 1634, and settled as pastor of the church at Ipswich, or - Aggawam. He returned to England in 1646, and on June 30, 1647, preached - before the House of Commons, and the same year published _The Simple - Cobler_. He was afterwards settled at Shenfield, near Brentwood, where - he died in 1653, in his eighty-third year. Fuller, in his _Worthies_, - co. Suffolk, speaking of him, says, that he, "following the counsel of - the poet, - - 'Ridentem dicere verum, - Quis vetat?' - - 'What doth forbid that one may smile, - And also tell the truth the while?' - - hath in a jesting way, in some of his books, delivered much smart truth - of the present times." Dr. Mather, in his _Magnalia_, remarks of him, - that "he was the author of many composures full of wit and sense; among - which that entitled _The Simple Cobler_ (which demonstrated him to be a - subtil statesman) was most considered." This work passed through - several editions in England in 1647. It was reprinted in Boston in - 1713. The best edition, containing the author's subsequent additions, - is that edited by David Pulsifer, Boston, 1843.] - -_Back._--What is the meaning and derivation of "Back," as applied to -several localities in Bristol, as, for instance, The Back, Welsh Back, -Temple Back, St. Augustine's Back, St. James' Back, Redcliffe Back? Many of -them are not on the river, or I should have imagined it a corruption of the -word bank. - -MALCOLM FRASER. - -Clifton. - - [Barrett, in his _History of Bristol_, p. 72., gives a clue to the - origin of this local name: "Before the quay was made the usual place, - as Leland says, for landing goods out of the ships was at the Back (or - _Bec_, a Saxon word for a river), where was the old Custom-house. The - quay being completed, and the marsh of Bristol thereby effectually - divided from that {518} of St. Augustine, houses and streets began to - be built there; Marsh Street terminated with a chapel, dedicated to St. - Clement, and a gate; and Back Street, with a gate also, and a chapel - near it, dedicated to St. John, and belonging to St. Nicholas; the - church of St. Stephen and its dependent parish, and the buildings - between the Back and the quay, seem to have taken their rise at this - period, and were all enclosed with a strong embattled wall, _externa_ - or _secunda moenia urbis_, extending from the quay to the Back, where - King Street has since been built."] - -_Broom at Mast-head._--Whence did the custom originate of a broom being -fastened to the mast-head of boats and small craft, to indicate their being -for sale? - -J. R. G. - -Dublin. - - [It originated from the old custom of putting up boughs upon anything - which was intended for sale; and "this is the reason," says Brande, - "why an old besom (which is a sort of _dried bush_) is put up at the - top-mast-head of a ship or boat when she is to be sold."] - - * * * * * - - -Replies. - -THE ADVICE SUPPOSED TO HAVE BEEN GIVEN TO JULIUS III. - -(Vol. viii., p. 54.; Vol. ix. _passim_.) - -Your correspondent NOVUS has very judiciously warned controversialists on -the use of a document as emanating from the papal court, which, to every -one who reads it through (if a shorter examination will not be -satisfactory), must carry evidence of its not being papal authority, but -intended as a satire on Rome. A writer in the _Christian Remembrancer_, -vol. xii., attaches undue importance to the signatures, in the absence of -which, he admits, "we should conclude that this was the production of some -enemy in disguise." - -In a 4to. volume of Tracts now before me is a copy of the genuine -document-- - - "Consilium delectorum cardinalium et aliorum praelatorum, de emendanda - ecclesia. S. D. N. Papa Paulo III. ipso jubente conscriptum et - exhibitum anno 1538;" - -two copies of the supposititious - - "Consilium quorundam episcoporum Bononiae congregatorum quod de ratione - stabiliendae Romanae ecclesiae Julio III. Pont. Max. datum est. Quo - artes et astutiae Romanensium et arcana imperii papalis non pauca - propalantur. Ex bibliotheca W. Crashauii. Londini, 1613;" - -and several other tracts, so rare that an enumeration of them, and a few -extracts, will perhaps be acceptable to many of the readers of "N. & Q." -Fourth in order: - - "Marcus Antonius de Dominis archiepiscopus Spalatensis, suae - profectionis consilium exponit. Londini, 1616." - - "Bellum Papale, sive concordia discors Sixti Quinti et Clementis - Octavi, circa Hieronymianam editionem, etc. Auctore Thoma Jamesio. - Londini, 1600." - - "[Ejusdem] Bellum Gregorianum, sive corruptionis Romanae in operibus D. - Gregorii M. jussu pontificum Rom. recognitis atque editis, etc. - Oxoniae, 1610." - - "Summa actorum Facultatis Theologiae Parisiensis contra librum - inscriptum, Controversia Anglicana de potestate regis et pontificis, - etc. Auctore Martino Becano. Londini, 1613." - - "Antitortobellarminus, sive refutatio calumniarum, mendaciorum, et - imposturarum laico-cardinalis Bellarmini, contra jura omnium regum et - sinceram illibatamque famam Serenissimi, potentissimi piissimique - Principis Jacobi ... fidei catholicae defensoris et propugnatoris: per - Joan. Gordonium. Londini, 1610." - - "Tu super _hoc cepha_ fingis Christum ore loquutum - Fundamen caulae nidificabo meae: - Vernac'lo at Christus Solymis sermone loquutus, - Separat articulis mascula foemineis; - Petre, ait, hic cepha es, sanctae fundamina caulae, - Et super _hac cepha_ ponere dico meae: - - . . . . . . - - Quod tu sic audes Christi pervertere verba - Et pro foemineo subdere masculeum, - Nil mirum; Papis solenne est cardineisque - Sic pro foemineo subdere masculeum." - - "Epilogus ad quatuor colloquia D^{ni} D^{ris} Wrighti pro mala fide - habita; et a Jacobo Nixon non bona fide relata; et Guilielmo Stanleio - nullius fidei perduelli dicata: pro amico et gentili suo D^{no} Thoma - Roe equite editus. Authore Guilielmo Roe. Londini, 1615." - - "D^{no} D^{ri} Wright Anglo, malae causae clienti: et Jacobo Nixon - Hiberno, advocato pejori: et Guilielmo Stanleio, patrono pessimo; - religionis et patriae hostibus: poenam seram et poenitentiam seriam - Guilielmus Roe exoptat." - -This is the opening of the epilogus _Colloquii Spadani_, a copy of which -rare tract is in the extensive collection of the President of the Chetham -Society. The epilogue contains an unmeasured invective against these three -"vassal slaves of servile Rome."[1] Wright's panegyric on Stanley is thus -introduced and distorted: - - "Egregia facinora tua vidit Hibernia, experta est Hollandia, agnoscit - Hispania, praedicat Gallia, fatetur Flandria, neque potest negare - Anglia. Ergo cum bona frontis tuae serenitate sustinebis, si elogii tui - vocem ad assensum nostrum repercussam, instar Ecchus remittamus, et - Stanleium hominem egregie facinorosum dixerimus, quod in Hispanis - consilio suo immissis vidit Hibernia, in Daventriae proditione {519} - experta est Hollandia, in stipendio proditioni imputato agnoscit - Hispania, in pluribus locis frustra et cum ignominia tentatis praedicat - Gallia, et nullam illi praefecturam unquam integre credendo fatetur - Flandria, neque post tot in patriam suam molitiones, et praesertim - expeditionem quam ad fragorem pulverariae conjurationis in nos - habiturus erat, negare potest Anglia." - - "Eadgarus in Jacobo redivivus: seu pietatis Anglicanae defensio. Ab - Adamo Reuter. Londini, 1614." - - "[Ejusdem] Libertatis Anglicanae defensio seu demonstratio: regnum - Angliae non esse feudum pontificis: in nobilissima et antiquissima - Oxoniensi academia, publice apposita Martino Becano. Londini, 1613." - - "[Ejusdem] Oratio: quam Papam esse Bestiam quae non est et tamen est, - apud Johan. Apoc. xvii. 8. in fine probantem ... recitavit Adam Reuter. - Londini, 1610." - - "[Ejusdem] Contra conspiratorum consilia orationes duae. Habitae ... - 5^o Aug. et 5^o Nov., anno 1611, diebus regiae liberationis a - conspiratione Govvrie, et tormentaria. Londini, 1612." - - "Ejusdem, Delineatio consilii brevissima: quam societati mercatorum - Belgarum Londini florentiss. commorantium consecrat A. R. Londini, - 1614." - - "[Greek: Ponesis Christophorou tou Angelou], etc. At Oxford, 1617." - - "[The same]. Christopher Angell, who tasted of many stripes and - torments, inflicted by the Turkes for the faith which he had in Christ - Jesus. At Oxford, 1617." - - "[Ejusdem] Labor C. A. Graeci. De apostasia ecclesiae, et de homine - peccati scilicet Antichristo, etc. Gr. et Lat. Londini, 1624."[2] - - "Expositio mysteriorum misse et verus modus rite celebrandi. A - Guilhelmo de Gouda. Daventrie, 1504." - -Had I not already occupied so much space, I should have added an extract -from Angell's _Epistle in commendation of England and the Inhabitants -thereof_. He begins thus: - - "O faire like man, thou most fertill and pleasant countrie of England, - which art the head of the world, indued with those two faire eies, the - two Universities." - -BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM. - -[Footnote 1: "Valete tria animalia Religionis servae, et in servitutem -nata."] - -Had your correspondent NOVUS, in his first communication, specified by name -the _Consilium Quorundam Episcoporum_ as the document whose fictitious -character he desired to notify, I should not have been betrayed into my -supererogatory vindication of the _Consilium Delectorum Cardinalium_; the -latter piece having lately been much before me, and its very extraordinary -frankness in acknowledging the existence of the gravest abuses, of which -the Reformers complained, giving it so much the air of satirical fiction. -The use of the other document, moreover, being chiefly in the hands of a -class of writers I am happy in not being able to boast a very extensive -acquaintance with, recent anti-papal controversialists, I certainly did -think that NOVUS had impugned the authenticity of the genuine _Consilium_. - -R. G. is mistaken in supposing that I thought there were _nine Cardinals_ -in the committee which drew up the genuine _Consilium_, as the full title -of this piece will show:--_Consilium novem Delectorum Cardinalium et -aliorum Praelatorum, de emendanda Ecclesia._ - -B. B. WOODWARD. - -Bungay, Suffolk. - - * * * * * - -LORD ROSEHILL. - -(Vol. ix., p. 422.) - -Something more than a partiality for the novelist takes me now and then to -the scene of the antiquary--Aberbrothock, or Arbroath. On one occasion, in -company with a few friends, we made a day of it in a ramble along the -romantic eastern coast of that burgh, and the scene of the perilous -incident related of Sir Arthur Lekiss Wardour, when rescued from the -incoming tide by being drawn up the face of the precipitous cliff by the -doughty Mucklebacket, under the superintendence of Oldbuck and young Lovel. -The fresh breeze from the German Ocean, and the excitement of the occasion, -imparted a keen relish for the locality and its associations; and by the -time we reached the hostelry of Mrs. Walker, at Auchmithie, a no less sharp -appreciation of the _piscatorial spread_ we had the foresight to bespeak -the previous day. Ushered into Lucky Walker's best dining-room, our -attention was immediately drawn to an aristocratic emblazonment of arms -which occupied one entire side of the room, with a ribbon, artistically -disposed over the same, upon which was inscribed Lord Rosehill, who was, we -were informed, the eldest son of the Earl of Northesk (Carnegie), a great -proprietor in that neighbourhood, and the special patron of our hostess and -her establishment. - -With respect to the particular Lord Rosehill, alluded to by your -correspondent W. D. R., I beg to offer him the following brief notice from -Douglas' _Peerage_, by Wood, Edin. 1813: - - "David L. Rosehill (son of Geo. 6th E. of Northesk) was born at Edin., - 5th April, 1749; had an Ensign's commission in the 26th Reg. Foot in - 1765; quitted the army 1767, and went to America. He married in - Maryland, in Aug. 1768, Miss Mary Cheer, and died without issue at - Rouen, in Normandy, 19 Feb. 1788, aet. 39." - -From a dear old lady, whom I always find a mine of Forfarshire anecdote of -the last century, I obtain some corroborative proof that the said David -{520} Lord Rosehill was the eccentric character we might infer from the -above, in the assurance that he was "a ne'er do weel, and ran away with the -tincklers (_i. e._ gypsies) in early life." - -If I may farther travel out of the record, allow me here to recommend to -such of your readers as meditate the northern tour this summer, to diverge -a little from the beaten track, and visit the neighbourhood above alluded -to; your antiquarian friends, especially, will be delighted with that fine -old ruin, the Abbey of Aberbrothock, now that it is brushed up and fit to -receive visitors. The worthy Mr. Peter, in charge, has some curious relics -acquired at the last diggins, and possesses a fragment of a black-letter -Chronicle to satisfy the incredulous that in identifying the objects -exhibited, he has his warrant in Hector Boece. The man of progress, too, -will find in Fairport, or Arbroath, a hive of industry; but, I regret to -add, threatened with a check by this closing of the Baltic trade, which is, -if I may say so, both _woof_ and _warp_ in the prosperity of this and other -towns on the east coast of Scotland. And lastly, the lovers of ocean, -rocks, and caves, will be not less interested with the environs, and I -doubt not all would leave it exclaiming with Johnson, that if they had seen -no more of old Scotia than Aberbrothock, they would not have regretted -their journey. - -J. O. - - * * * * * - -MAJOR ANDRE. - -(Vol. ix., p. 111.) - -On the 13th of January, 1817, Mr. Chappell made a report unfavourable to -the petition of John Paulding (one of the citizens who captured Major -Andre), who prays for an increase of the pension allowed to him by the -government in consequence of that service. On the question to reverse this -report, an interesting debate followed. - -We copy the following from the _National Intelligencer_, January 14, 1817: - - "What gave interest principally to the debate, was the disclosure by - Mr. Tallmadge of Connecticut (an officer at the time, and commanding - the advance guard when Major Andre was brought in) of his view of the - merit of this transaction, with which history and the records of the - country have made every man familiar. The value of the service he did - not deny; but on the authority of the declaration of Major Andre (made - while in the custody of Colonel Tallmadge), he gave it as his opinion - that, if Major Andre could have given to these men the amount they - demanded for his release, he never would have been hung as a spy, nor - in captivity on that occasion. Mr. T.'s statement was minutely - circumstantial, and given with expressions of his individual confidence - in its correctness. Among other circumstances he stated, that when - Major Andre's boots were taken off by them, it was to search for - plunder, and not to detect treason. These persons, indeed, he said, - were of that class of people who passed between both armies, as often - in one camp as the other, and whom, he said, if he had met with them, - he should probably as soon have apprehended as Major Andre, as he had - always made it a rule to do with these suspicious persons. The - conclusion to be drawn from the whole of Mr. Tallmadge's statement, of - which this is a brief abstract, was, that these persons had brought in - Major Andre only because they should probably get more for his - apprehension than for his release." - -The question on reversing the report was decided in the negative:--Ayes, -53; Noes, 80 or 90. - -It is proper to say that the question was decided on the ground taken in -the report, viz. on the injustice of legislating on a single case of -pension, whilst there were many survivors of the Revolution whom the favour -of the government had not distinguished. - -From _The Gleaner_, published at Wilkesbury, Pennsylvania (copied into the -_National Intelligencer_ of Washington, March 4, 1817): - - "The disclosure recently made by Colonel Tallmadge in the House of - Representatives, relative to the capture of Major Andre, seems to have - been received in every instance with the confidence to which it was - certainly entitled. That gentleman related what he saw and knew; and - those who are attempting to dispute him, relate only what they had been - informed of. To those of our readers who may not have seen the report - of Colonel Tallmadge's remarks, it may be proper to observe, that those - three men who captured Major Andre, applied to Congress for an increase - of pension settled on them by the government, and that when this - application was under consideration, Colonel Tallmadge (a member for - Connecticut) rose and stated, that having been the officer to whom the - care of Andre was entrusted, he had heard Andre declare that those men - robbed him, and upon his offer to reward them for taking him to the - British lines, he believes they declined only from the impossibility of - giving them sufficient security, &c., and that it was not patriotism - but the hope of gain which induced them to deliver him to the - Americans. To this declaration of Colonel Tallmadge, and in support of - his opinion, we are happy to have it in our power to offer the - following corroborating testimony. - - "There is now living in this town a gentleman who was an officer in the - Massachusets line, and who was particularly conversant in all the - circumstances of that transaction. It was this gentleman who, in - company with Captain Hughes, composed the special guard of Andre's - person, was with him during the last twenty-four hours of his life, and - supported him to the place of execution. From him we have received the - following particulars: it is needless to say we give them our implicit - belief, since to those who are acquainted with the person to whom we - allude, no other testimony is ever necessary than his simple - declaration. - - "To this gentleman Andre himself related that he was passing down a - hill, at the foot of which, under a tree, playing cards, were the three - men who took him. {521} They were close by the road side, and he had - approached very near them before either party discovered the other; - upon seeing him they instantly rose and seized their rifles. They - approached him and demanded who he was; he immediately answered that he - was a British officer, supposing, from their being so near the British - lines, that they belonged to that party. They then seized him, robbed - him of the few guineas which he had with him, and the two watches which - he then wore, one of gold and the other of silver. He offered to reward - them if they would take him to New York; they hesitated, and in his - (Andre's) opinion, the reason why they did not do so, was the - impossibility on his part to secure to them the performance of the - promise. - - "He informs also that it was an opinion too prevalent to admit of any - doubt, that these men were of that description of persons called 'cow - boys,' or those who, without being considered as belonging to either - party, made it a business to pillage from both. He has frequently heard - this opinion expressed at that time by several officers who were - personally acquainted with all these men, and who could not have been - mistaken in their general characters. - - "Andre frequently spoke of the kindness of the American officers, and - particularly of the attention of Major Tallmadge; and on the way to the - place of execution sent for that officer to come near him, that he - might learn the manner in which he was to die." - -Statement of Van Wart (from the _National Intelligencer_ of Feb. 25, 1817): - - "Isaac Van Wart, of the town of Mount Pleasant, in the county of - Westchester, being duly sworn, doth depose and say, that he is one of - the three persons who arrested Major Andre during the American - revolutionary war, and conducted him to the American camp. That he, - this deponent, together with David Williams and John Paulding, had - secreted themselves at the side of the highway, for the purpose of - detecting any person coming from, or having unlawful intercourse with, - the enemy, being between the two armies; a service not uncommon in - those times. That this deponent and his companions were armed with - muskets, and upon seeing Major Andre approach the place where they were - concealed, they rose and presented their muskets at him, and required - him to stop, which he did. He then asked them whether they belonged to - his party, and then they asked him which was his party? to which he - replied the lower party. Upon which they, deeming a little stratagem - under such circumstances not only justifiable but necessary, gave him - to understand that they were of his party, upon which he joyfully - declared himself to be a British officer, and told them that he had - been out upon very particular business. Having ascertained thus much, - this deponent and his companions undeceived him as to their characters, - declaring themselves to be Americans, and that he must consider himself - their prisoner. Upon this, with seeming unconcern, he said he had a - pass from General Arnold, which he exhibited, and then insisted on - their permitting him to proceed. But they told him that, as he had - confessed himself to be a British officer, they deemed it to be their - duty to convey him to the American camp; and then took him into a wood, - a short distance from the highway, in order to guard against being - surprised by parties of the enemy, who were frequently reconnoitering - in that neighbourhood. That when they had him in the wood they - proceeded to search him, for the purpose of ascertaining who and what - he was, and found inside of his stockings and boots, next to his bare - feet, papers which satisfied them he was a spy. Major Andre now showed - them his gold watch, and remarked that it was evidence of his being a - gentleman, and also promised to make them any reward they might name, - if they would but permit him to proceed, which they refused. He then - told them that if they doubted the fulfilment of his promise, they - might conceal him in some secret place, and keep him there until they - could send to New York and receive their reward. And this deponent - expressly declares, that every offer made by Major Andre to them was - promptly and resolutely refused. And, for himself, he solemnly declares - that he had not, and he does most sincerely believe that Paulding and - Williams had not, any intention of plundering their prisoner; nor did - they confer with each other, or even hesitate whether they should - accept his promise, but, on the contrary, they were, in the opinion of - this deponent, governed, like himself, by a deep interest in the cause - of the country, and a strong sense of duty. And this deponent further - says that he never visited the British camp, nor does he believe or - suspect that either Paulding or Williams ever did, except that Paulding - was, once before Andre's capture, and once afterwards, made a prisoner - by the British, as this deponent has been informed and believes. And - this deponent, for himself, expressly denies that he ever held any - unlawful traffic or any intercourse whatever with the enemy. And, - appealing solemnly to that omniscient Being, at whose tribunal he must - soon appear, he doth expressly declare that all accusations, charging - him therewith, are utterly untrue. - - ISAAC VAN WART. - - "Sworn this 28th day of January, 1817, - before Jacob Radcliff. - - "We the subscribers, inhabitants of the county of Westchester, do - certify that during the revolutionary war we were well acquainted with - Isaac Van Wart, David Williams, and John Paulding, who arrested Major - Andre; and that at no time during the revolutionary war was any - suspicion ever entertained by their neighbours or acquaintances, that - they, or either of them, held any undue intercourse with the enemy. On - the contrary, they were universally esteemed, and taken to be ardent - and faithful in the cause of the country. We further certify that the - said Paulding and Williams are not now resident among us, but that - Isaac Van Wart is a respectable freeholder of the town of Mount - Pleasant, that we are all well acquainted with him, and we do not - hesitate to declare our belief that there is not an individual in the - county of Westchester, acquainted with Isaac Van Wart, who would - hesitate to describe him as a man of a sober, moral, industrious, and - religious life, as a man whose integrity is as unimpeachable as his - veracity is undoubted. In {522} these respects no man in the county of - Westchester is his superior. - - Jonathan G. Tompkins, aged 81 years. - Jacob Purdy, 77. - John Odell, 60. - John Boyce, 72. - J. Requa, 59. - William Paulding, 81. - John Requa, 54. - Archer Read, 64. - George Comb, 72. - Gilbert Dean, 70. - Jonathan Odell, 87. - Cornelius Van Tassel, 71. - Thomas Boyce, 71. - Tunis Lint, 71. - Jacobus Dyckman, 68. - William Hammond. - John Romer." - -F. D. - -The following works furnish much that is interesting concerning Major -Andre:-- - -_An Authentic Narrative of the Causes which led to the Death of Major -Andre_, by Joshua Hett Smith, London, 1808. Printed for Matthews and Leigh, -18. Strand. - -_The Plot of Arnold and Sir Henry Clinton against the United States, and -against General Washington_, Paris, 1816. Printed by Didot the Elder. - -Niles' _Weekly Register for 1817_, vol. ii. p. 386. Printed at Baltimore. - -ANON. - - * * * * * - -THE TERMINATIONS "-BY" AND "-NESS." - -The linguistic origin of these descriptive syllables, when found as -suffixes to the names of places, is a question of some interest to the -antiquary and ethnologist; and, as to the former of them, has, on that -account, fitly enough been made the subject of occasional discussion in the -pages of "N. & Q." The _-by_, as your pages evince (Vol. vii., p. 536.), is -implicitly relied upon by Mr. Worsaae and his disciples, in support of the -Danish theory of that eminent northern scholar; and that too, as it -appears, without any very minute regard to the etymology and meaning of the -former syllabic divisions of proper names so characterised. If only the -designation of a locality end with _-by_, evidence sufficient is given, -that it owes its paternity specially to the Danes alone, of all the -Scandinavian tribes who obtained a permanent footing on our shores. The -same is the case with respect to the termination _-ness_, and its -orthographic varieties. As with the Ashbys, Newbys, and Kirbys of our -several counties, so (_inter alia_) with the Hackness of Yorkshire, the -Longness of Man, the Bowness of Westmoreland, and the Foulness of Essex. -All have the Danish mark upon them; and all, therefore, possess a Danish -original, and bear witness of a Danish location. - -With regard to the _-by_, I have already, in these pages, taken occasion to -suggest a doubt whether, in that particular instance, the Worsaaen theory -be not as fallacious as it is dogmatical. And, adopting the same method -with the _-ness_, I think it will be evident, on examination of the -following list of almost identical forms of the expression, that, as to -this point also, no argument can be founded upon it, one way or the other, -beyond the fact of its derivation from some of the Scandinavian tribes who, -in the fifth and succeeding centuries, established themselves on our -shores: if, indeed, I do not, even with this enlarged extension, assign to -the presence of the term in our topography a too restricted application. - -I have a list now before me of 521 places with this suffix, distributed -over twenty-five counties. It does not pretend to be complete; but as it -offers a more extended view of the question than in Vol. ix., p. 136., I -subjoin the results: - - Yorkshire 173 - Lincolnshire 163 - Leicestershire 49 - Norfolk 22 - Cumberland 21 - Westmoreland 18 - Northamptonshire 17 - Lancashire 14 - Nottinghamshire 14 - Suffolk and Derbyshire, 5 each 10 - Durham and Warwickshire, 3 each 6 - Essex and Isle of Man, 2 each 4 - Cardiganshire, Cheshire, Cornwall, Kent, Monmouthshire, - Northumberland, Pembrokeshire, Salop, and Wiltshire, 1 each 10 - --- - 521 - === - -Our termination _-ness_, then, is the old northern or Icelandic _nes_, the -parent of the Dan. _naes_, and the Ang.-Sax. _nese_ and _naes_, signifying -"a neck of land, or promontory." From this _nes_ came, naturally enough, -the old northern _naos_ or _noes_, whence the Dan. _naese_, the Germ. -_nase_; the Ang.-Sax. _nase_, _naese_, _nose_; the Norman-Fr. _naz_, and -Su.-Goth. _naese_ (in Al. and Sansc. _nasa_, and in Gall. _nes_); the Latin -_nasus_, and Eng. _nose_, or _nase_ as it is spelt by Gower in his _Conf. -Am._ b. v., "Both at mouth and at _nase_." Closely akin to the same word, -and probably derived from an identical source, is the old northern _nef_, -whence were formed the Vulg.-Isl. _nebbi_, the Dan. _neb_, and the -Ang.-Sax. _nebbe_ and _neb_ (in Pers. _anef_; in C. Tscherh. _ep_, in Curd. -_defin_), the beak or bill, the _neb_ or _nib_ of a bird; and also used of -the prominent feature of the human face divine, to which the term is -applied by Shakspeare and Bacon, as it is occasionally at the present day -by the older inhabitants of the Yorkshire dales. - -Thus have we the origin of our _nase_, _-nese_, _-ness_, _-nib_, _-nab_, -&c., which are found in the composition of many of our local proper names; -but, after looking over the foregoing paragraph, who can tell whether these -forms were transported to our shores in a Saxon, Jutish, Anglic, or Danish -bark? - -WM. MATTHEWS. - -Cowgill. - -{523} - -_The Termination "-by."_--Having gone over the remaining letters H to Z, I -send you the following results: - - Lincoln 94, in former list 65 Total 159 - York 41 " " 24 " 65 - Leicester 22 " " 21 " 43 - Norfolk 13 " " 6 " 19 - Notts 9 " " 2 " 11 - Cumberland 9 " " 7 " 16 - Lancaster 6 " " 2 " 8 - Westmoreland 5 " " 3 " 8 - Warwick 3 " " 0 " 3 - Northampton 3 " " 9 " 12 - Suffolk 3 " " 0 " 3 - Essex (Kirby-le-Soken) 1 " " 0 " 1 - Chester (West Kirby or Kirkby) 1 " " 0 " 1 - Pembroke (Tenby) 1 " " 0 " 1 - --- - 211 - === - Derby 2 " 2 - Sussex 1 " 1 - --- --- - 142 353 - === === - -I leave this for the study of others. - -B. H. C. - -As B. H. C. could only find seven places in Cumberland ending in _-by_, I -take the liberty of sending him a few additional names. Writing from -memory, I may very possibly have omitted many more: - - Aglionby. | Maughanby. - Allonby. | Melmerby. - Alwardby. | Moresby. - Arcleby. | Motherby. - Birkby. | Netherby. - Botcherby. | Ormesby. - Corby. | Ousby. - Crosby. | Outerby. - Cross Cannonby. | Parsonby. - Dovenby. | Ponsonby. - Etterby. | Rickerby. - Flimby. | Scaleby. - Gamelsby. | Scotby. - Glassonby. | Sowerby. - Harby. | Tarraby. - Harraby. | Thursby. - Ireby. | Uckmanby. - Johnby. | Uprightby, pronounced - Langwathby. | Heaverby. - Lazonby. | - -Many names of places in Cumberland commence with _Cum_, as our Cumbrian -bard has it: - - "We've Cumwhitton, Cumwhinton, Cumranton, - Cumrangen, Cumrew, and Cumcatch; - Wi' mony mair Cums i' the county, - But nane wi' Cumdivock can match." - -From whence is derived the prefix _Cum_? - -JOHN O' THE FORD. - -Malta. - - * * * * * - -NEWSPAPER FOLK LORE. - -(Vol. vi., pp. 221. 338. 466.; Vol. ix., pp. 29. 84. 276) - -Is it quite certain that "no animal can live in the alimentary canal but -the parasites which belong to that part of the animal economy?" Being -ignorant of the matter I give no opinion, but would bring before your -readers' notice the following seemingly well-authenticated instance. I -quote from _Insect Transformations_, 1830, p. 239., a work put forth by the -Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. - - "That insects are, in some rare cases, introduced into the human - stomach, has been more than once proved, though the greater number of - the accounts of such facts in medical books are too inaccurate to be - trusted.[3] But one extraordinary case has been completely - authenticated, both by medical men and competent naturalists, and is - published in the _Dublin Transactions_, by Dr. Pickells of Cork.[4] - Mary Riordan, aged twenty-eight, had been much affected by the death of - her mother, and at one of her many visits to the grave seems to have - partially lost her senses, having been found lying there on the morning - of a winter's day, and having been exposed to heavy rain during the - night. When she was about fifteen, two popular Catholic priests had - died, and she was told by some old women that if she would drink daily, - for a certain time, a quantity of water mixed with clay taken from - their graves, she would be for ever secure from disease and sin. - Following this absurd and disgusting prescription, she took from time - to time large quantities of the draught; some time afterwards, being - affected with a burning pain in the stomach (cardialgia), she began to - eat large pieces of chalk, which she sometimes also mixed with water - and drank. - - "Now, whether in any or in all these draughts she swallowed the eggs of - insects, cannot be affirmed; but for several years she continued to - throw up incredible numbers of grubs and maggots, chiefly of the - churchyard beetle (_Blaps mortisaga_). 'Of the larvae of the beetle,' - says Dr. Pickells, 'I am sure I considerably underrate, when I say that - not less than 700 have been thrown up from the stomach at different - times since the commencement of my attendance. A great proportion were - destroyed by herself to avoid publicity; many, too, escaped immediately - by running into holes in the floor. Upwards of ninety were submitted to - Dr. Thomson's examination; nearly all of which, including two of the - specimens of the meal-worm (_Tenebrio molitor_), I saw myself thrown up - at different times. The average size was about an inch and a half in - length, and four lines and a half in girth. The larvaee of the - dipterous insect, though voided only about seven or eight times, - according to her account, came up almost literally in myriads. They - were alive and moving.' Altogether, Dr. Pickells saw nearly 2,000 grubs - of the beetle, and there were {524} many which he did not see. Mr. - Clear, an intelligent entomologist of Cork, kept some of them alive for - more than twelve months. Mr. S. Cooper cannot understand whence the - continued supply of the grubs was provided, seeing that larvae do not - propagate, and that only one pupa and one perfect insect were - voided[5]; but the simple fact, that most beetles live several years in - the state of larvae, sufficiently accounts for this. Their existing and - thriving in the stomach, too, will appear the less wonderful from the - fact that it is exceedingly difficult to kill this insect; for Mr. - Henry Baker repeatedly plunged one into spirits of wine, so fatal to - most insects, but it revived, even after being immersed a whole night, - and afterwards lived three years.[6] - - "That there was no deception on the part of the woman, is proved by the - fact that she was always anxious to conceal the circumstance; and that - it was only by accident that the medical gentlemen, Drs. Pickells, - Herrick, and Thomson, discovered it. Moreover, it does not appear that, - though poor, she ever took advantage of it to extort money. It is - interesting to learn that, by means of turpentine in large doses, she - was at length cured." - -EDWARD PEACOCK. - -Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey. - -[Footnote 2: In the _Bibliotheca Grenvilliana_ the tract _De Apostasia_ is -not included, although the compilers say, "The present is a _complete -Collection of his Tracts_, including the folding sheet."] - -[Footnote 3: See Good's _Nosologia_, _Helminthia Alvi_, and _Study of -Medicine_, vol. i. p. 336.] - -[Footnote 4: _Trans. of Assoc. Phys. in Ireland_, vols. iv. viii. and v. p. -177. 8vo: Dublin, 1824-1828.] - -[Footnote 5: Cooper's edition of Good's _Study of Medicine_, vol. i. p. -358.] - -[Footnote 6: _Philosophical Transactions_, No. 457.] - - * * * * * - -VENTILATION. - -(Vol. ix., p. 415.) - -"Airs from heaven or blasts from hell." - -The mistake which, it is very respectfully submitted, the professed -ventilationists fall into, and which may be considered the _fons et origo -malorum_, is the notion that foul air rises upwards, and that pure air -comes from below; which is just the reverse of the fact. - -In any room containing animals or vegetables, the air undergoes a change by -respiration. - -Leaving the vegetables to care for themselves, and considering the animals, -if such a title may be reverently given to members of the House and others -shut up in confined apartments for the benefit of their species, it is -obvious that the pure air of heaven must undergo a change by the -respiratory organs of the members, which change is absolutely necessary to -preserve their lives, and each such apartment is a manufactory for -converting pure into foul air. Its steam-power is seated in the lungs, -which, at each inspiration, take up the oxygen (the principle of life and -flame) of the air, and at each expiration give out the carbon of the blood, -conveyed by the veins from all parts of the body as refuse, and when purged -therefrom by oxygen inspired, convert the venous blood into arterial, and -bring life out of death. - -What, then, becomes of the expired carbon? The professional ventilationists -say it _ascends_, and they provide mechanically, but not scientifically, -accordingly. On the contrary, it finally _descends_; and this is the reason -why our beds are always a few feet above the floor. If proof is needed, it -may be found by applying a candle to the door, slightly ajar, of a room -occupied by a few persons, when it will be found that the flame of the -candle will point, when held at the lower part of the door, outwards, and -at the upper part of the door inwards, showing how the currents of air -pass; and as every one knows carbon to be heavier than air, the lower -current is the one charged with carbon. The _Grotto del Cane_ derives its -name from the fact, that a dog passing the stream of carbon issuing from -the fissure in the rock, dies; whilst a man walking erect, with his mouth -above the stream of carbon, escapes. Our lime-kilns furnish a common -example of the fact of the density of carbon compared with atmospheric air. -Experiments in proof are constantly exhibited in chemical lectures. - -The practical inference, _experto crede_, is that holes in the -skirting-boards should be made so as to draw off the foul air, whilst the -angelic visits of pure air should be sought from above. Bellows, such as -are used in diving-bells, with hot or cold air, might be necessary in an -extreme case--long debates in the Commons, for example,--which may require -extraordinary ventilation. - -T. J. BUCKTON. - -Lichfield. - - * * * * * - -PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. - -_History of Photographic Discovery._--Without entirely agreeing with the -opinion expressed to us a few days since, by an eminent scholar and most -original thinker, that photography was destined to change the face of the -whole world; we have little doubt it is destined to produce some striking -social effects. Its history is, therefore, an interesting one, and the -following extract from a paper "On some early Experiments in Photography, -being the substance of a Letter addressed to Robert Hunt, Esq., by the Rev. -J. B. Reade, M.A., F.R.S.," from the _Philosophical Magazine_ for May, -1854, seems, in that point of view, so important, that we have transferred -it to "N. & Q." - -"I may assume that you are already aware, from my letter to Mr. Brayley of -March 9, 1839, and published in the _British Review_ for August, 1847, that -the principal agents I employed, before Mr. Talbot's processes were known, -were infusion of galls as an accelerator, and hyposulphite of soda as a -fixer. - -"I have no doubt, though I have not a distinct recollection of the fact, -that I was led to use the infusion of galls from my knowledge of the early -experiments by Wedgwood. I was aware that he found _leather_ more sensitive -than _paper_; and it is highly probable that the tanning process, which -might cause the silver {525} solution to be more readily acted upon when -applied to the leather, suggested my application of the tanning solution to -paper. - -"In your own history of the photographic process," says Mr. Reade, -addressing Mr. Hunt, "you say, 'the discovery of the extraordinary property -of the gallic acid in increasing the sensibility of the iodide of silver -was the most valuable of the numerous contributions which Mr. Talbot has -made to the photographic art.' It is nevertheless true, as stated by Sir -David Brewster, that 'the first public use of the infusion of nut-galls, -which is an _essential element_ in Mr. Talbot's patented process, is due to -Mr. Reade;' and in my letter to Mr. Brayley I attribute the sensitiveness -of my process to the formation of a gallate or tannate of silver. I need -scarcely say, that among various experiments I tried gallic and tannic acid -in their pure state, both separately and mixed; but the colour of the -pictures thus obtained with the solar microscope was at that time less -pleasing to my eye, than the rich warm tone which the same acids produced -when in their natural connexion with solutions of vegetable matter in the -gall-nut. This organic combination, however, was more effective with the -solar microscope than with the camera, though the lenses of my camera were -five inches in diameter. It is probable enough that the richer tone was due -to the greater energy of direct solar rays. In using the solar microscope, -I employed a combination of lenses which produced a convergence of the -luminous and photogenic rays, together with a dispersion of the calorific -rays, and the consequent absence of all sensible heat enabled me to use -Ross's cemented powers, and to make drawings of objects inclosed in Canada -balsam, and of living animalcules in single drops of water. The method I -employed was communicated to the Royal Society in December, 1836, and a -notice of it is contained in the 'Abstracts.' - -"You inform me that some persons doubt whether I really obtain _gallate of -silver_ when using an infusion of gall-nuts, and that one of Mr. Talbot's -friends raises the question. It is sufficient to reply, that though gallic -acid is largely formed by a long exposure of an infusion of gall-nuts to -the atmosphere, as first proposed by Scheele, yet this acid does exist in -the gall-nut in its natural state, and in a sufficient quantity to form -gallate of silver as a photogenic agent; for M. Deyeux observes, that 'when -heat is very slowly applied to powdered gall-nuts, gallic acid sublimes -from them, a part of which, when the process is conducted with great care, -appears in the form of small white crystals.' M. Fiedler also obtained -gallic acid by mixing together a solution of gall-nuts and pure alumina, -which latter combines with the tannin and leaves the gallic acid free in -the solution; and this solution is found, on experiment, to produce very -admirable pictures. But what is more to the point, Mr. Brayley, in -explaining my process in his lectures, showed experimentally how gallate of -silver was formed, and confirmed my view of the sensitiveness of the -preparation. It is therefore certain that the use of gallate of silver as a -photogenic agent had been made public in two lectures by Mr. Brayley at -least two years before Mr. Talbot's patent was sealed. - -"I employed hyposulphite of soda as a fixer. Mr. Hodgson, an able practical -chemist at Apothecaries' Hall, assisted me in the preparation of this salt, -which at that time was probably not be found, as an article of sale, in any -chemist's shop in London. Sir John Herschel had previously announced the -peculiar action of this preparation of soda on salts of silver, but I -believe that I was the first to use it in the processes of photography. I -also used iodide of potassium, as appears from my letter, as a fixer, and I -employed it as well to form iodide of lead on glazed cards as an -accelerator. Iodide of lead has of itself, as I form it, considerable -photographic properties, and receives very fair impressions of plants, -lace, and drawings when placed upon it, but with the addition of nitrate of -silver and the infusion of galls the operation is perfect and -instantaneous. Pictures thus taken were exhibited at the Royal Society -before Mr. Talbot proposed his iodized paper. The microscopic photographs -exhibited at Lord Northampton's in 1839 remained in his lordship's -possession. I subsequently made drawings of sections of teeth; and one of -them, a longitudinal section of a tooth of the _Lamna_, was copied on zinc -by Mr. Lens Aldous for Owen's 'Odontography.' I may say this much as to my -own approximation to an art, which has deservedly and by universal consent -obtained the name of Talbotype." - -_Photographic Cautions._--Diffused light being one of the most common -causes of photographic failures, I beg to call the attention of your -readers to the construction of their cameras. Working with a friend, and -taking the same localities, using the same paper and chemicals, his -pictures have proved comparative failures, a general browning pervading the -whole, evidently the effect of light. Every inspection failed to discover -it, until the mode was adopted of putting one of the paper-holders in its -position as for taking a picture, then removing the lens, and, with the aid -of the focussing-bag, looking through the hole where the lens is applied, -when light became visible in many spaces, entirely accounting for these -failures. As many such cameras are now becoming made upon the same sliding -construction, every one should test his apparatus before he commences, for -such a one is entirely useless. Lately also the glass corners for collodion -plate-holders in the dark slides, have been by some makers replaced by a -sort of silver _looking_ wire, but possessing little of that metal. The -most minute portion of the copper in this wire coming in contact with the -excited collodion, produces a decomposition sufficient to spoil any -picture. These may appear trivial things to "make a note of," but as they -have caused much vexation to one who has had some photographic experience, -they may still more perplex a novice; and as you have done so much towards -making the science plain, I hope you will give them space in your -forthcoming Number. - -LUX IN CAMERA. - -_A Query respecting Collodion._--I have been making some collodion by Mr. -Tery's process, and have iodized it with a very sensitive medium. The -collodion is very clear and properly diluted. The ether I used had a very -powerful smell of sulphur, and was likewise very strong and volatile. I -diluted it with an equal {526} volume of alcohol. The ether was then still -very strong. The cotton dissolved freely. On mixing the iodizing medium, -the colour of the collodion turns immediately to nearly a port-wine colour, -but still remains very clear. I obtain a very good film of iodide of silver -from the bath, but cannot produce a picture under five or seven minutes, -whereas with the same lens, and the same iodizing medium, viz. - - Alcohol 8 drms. - Iodide of potassium 8 grs. - Iodide of ammonium 4 grs. - Iodide of silver 1/2 gr. - -I have obtained beautiful pictures in less than one second with collodion -prepared by the same (Archer's) process. As I have made a quantity of it, -and am unwilling it should be wasted, I have taken the liberty of asking -your opinion on the subject. Do you think the collodion is too new, or the -ether not good? On pouring the developing solution on the plate -(protosulphate of iron), the plate has the appearance of having ink poured -on it; but this appearance is removed on the application of the -hyposulphite of soda, and the plate remains as clear as when it was taken -from the nitrate of silver bath. - -J. COOK. - -_The Ceroleine Process._--Have any of your photographic correspondents made -such experiments on the ceroleine process as to enable them to communicate -the results to "N. & Q."? - -Is Mr. Crooke's process for preserving the sensitiveness of collodion -applicable to all collodions? If not, what collodion is best suited for it? - -SILEX. - -_Mr. Fox Talbot's Patents._---The injunction moved for by Mr. Fox Talbot, -as reported in _The Times_ of Saturday last, reminds us of a Query which we -have been sometimes asked, and which may just now be brought forward with -advantage, namely: If Mr. Talbot's patents extend to the collodion process, -how comes it that the earliest practisers of the collodion art had to make -their own researches? We know one skilful photographer whose experiments -were so extensive before he made any tolerable pictures, that his spoiled -glass and cuttings were more than a man could lift. - - * * * * * - - -Replies to Minor Queries. - -_The Olympic Plain_ (Vol. ix., p. 270.).--I have just seen, in examining -the contents of a German periodical, that in May, 1853, a proposal was -submitted to the public by Professor Ross, of the University of Halle, for -setting on foot a subscription to defray the expense of making excavations -in Olympia, thus anticipating, by nearly a year, a recent suggestion to the -same effect in "N. & Q." Professor Ross expatiates at considerable length -(see _Jahrbuecher fuer Philologie und Paedagogik_, vol. lxviii. p. 203.) on -the advantages to be derived, as regards the arts, the literature, and the -history of Greece, from the exploration of so celebrated a spot; but, -notwithstanding all his arguments and eloquence, the amount of the -subscriptions, after the lapse of nine months, only amounted, in February, -1854, to about 38l. As this sum was so utterly inadequate for the object -intended, it was resolved to devote it to excavations in Mykenae. Professor -Ross takes occasion to pay a high tribute of praise to Lord Aberdeen, for -the service rendered by his Lordship in discovering the treasury at -Mykenae. The facilities at Olympia for carrying on excavations are stated -by Professor Ross to be very great. It is but a few miles distant from the -sea, on the banks of a navigable river, and opposite to the very populous -island of Zante; so that workmen, and means, and helps of all kinds can -easily be procured. It was intended to give the superintendence of the -excavations to Professor Alexander Rizo Rangabe, of the University of -Athens, who was to be supplied with an adequate staff of artists, &c. -Whatever discoveries might be made, were to become the property of the -Greek nation. Travellers were to be permitted to visit the excavations -during their progress, and to see all that was going on; and it was thought -that a considerable number might be attracted to the spot, as the Austrian -steamers convey passengers weekly in three or four days from Trieste to the -western coast of the Morea. - -J. MACRAY. - -_Encyclopaedia of Indexes, or Table of Contents_ (Vol. ix., p. 371.).--Your -correspondent THINKS I TO MYSELF inquires respecting the desirableness and -practicability of forming an "Encyclopaedia of Indexes, or Tables of -Contents." It was to meet this want (which is very commonly felt) that the -publication of the _Cyclopaedia Bibliographica_ was undertaken. The work -has met your approval, and I have the pleasure of announcing that the -volume will be completed on June 1. I think it will meet the desire of your -correspondent and many others, who, "in reading up on any subject, wish to -know whether any author treats upon it, without being obliged to examine -his works, at a great expense of time and labour." - -JAMES DARLING. - -"_One New Year's Day_" (Vol. ix., p. 467.).--The lines quoted by MR. -SKYRING are the opening lines of an old ballad, entitled "Richard of -Taunton Dean, or Dumble Dum Deary." It may be found in _Ancient Poems, -Ballads, and Songs of the Peasantry of England_, edited (for the Percy -Society) by J. H. Dixon, Esq., who says: - - "This song is very popular with the country people in every part of - England, but more particularly so with the inhabitants of Somerset, - Devon, and Cornwall. There are many different versions." - -In the notes to his volume, Mr. Dixon mentions two Irish versions of this -ballad, communicated to him by T. C. Croker, Esq., one of which, entitled -"Last New Year's Day," is almost _verbatim_ with {527} the English ballad. -The other version (which is given by Mr. D.) is entitled "Dicky of -Ballyman." - -J. K. R. W. - - [This reference renders it unnecessary to insert the versions kindly - supplied by E. L. H. and J. A.] - -_Unregistered Proverbs_ (Vol. ix., p. 235.).--The following I find among -the poor parishioners of Tor-Mohun in Devonshire, and they were new to me. -In answer to some remarks of mine on the necessary infirmities of old age, -one of them replied, "You cannot have two forenoons in the same day." And -on another occasion, in answer to my saying that something _ought_ to be -done, although it was not, there came, "_Oughts_ are nothings unless -they've strokes to them." - -WM. FRASER, B.C.L. - -_Orange Blossoms_ (Vol. viii., p. 341.; Vol. ix., p. 386.).--I have seen it -stated that the use of these flowers at bridals was derived from the -Saracens, or at least from the East, and that they were thus employed as -emblems of fecundity. - -WM. FRASER, B.C.L. - -_Peculiar Use of the Word "Pure"_ (Vol. viii., p. 125.).--Your -correspondent is evidently not a Gloucestershire man. The word _pure_ is -commonly used in that county to express being in good health. I remember an -amusing instance, which occurred many years ago. A gentleman, a friend of -mine, who resided in an establishment where young ladies were educated, was -met one day by an honest farmer; who, after inquiring kindly for his own -health, said with equal good nature and simplicity, "I hope, Zur, the -ladies be all _pure_." - -GLOUCESTRENSIS. - -_Worm in Books_ (Vol. viii., p. 412.).--ALETHIS is presented with the -following recipe from a very curious old French book of receipts and -secrets for everything connected with arts and trades. Put some powdered -colocynth into a phial, and cover the mouth with parchment pierced with -holes. With this the books should be powdered, and from time to time beaten -to drive out the powder, when the same process must be repeated. - -F. C. H. - -_Chapel Sunday_ (Vol. vii., p. 527.).--Not having received an answer to my -Query of the origin of the celebration of Chapel Sunday in the Lake -district, I would venture a surmise which some Cumbrian antiquary will -perhaps correct, if wrong. I take it to be the day in honour of the patron -saint of the chapel: and now, when such festivals are little observed, it -has been changed to the nearest Sunday. In this thinly populated district, -and where, from its mountainous and rugged character, travelling before the -formation of the present good roads was neither agreeable nor (probably) -safe, "at chapel" was the only time many of the inhabitants saw each other. -Meeting, therefore, on so auspicious a day as that of the patron saint, -might in "merrie time" of old induce a little festivity. - -PRESTONIENSIS. - -_Bishop Inglis of Nova Scotia_ (Vol. vii., p. 263.).--According to a short -biography in the _Documentary History of New York_, vol. iii. p. 1066., -this prelate was born A.D. 1734. His birth-place is not mentioned. Some -letters and other writings by him may be found in the fourth volume of the -same work. - -UNEDA. - -Philadelphia. - -_Gutta Percha made soluble_ (Vol. ix., p. 350.).--E. B. can procure at any -chemist's establishment a solution of gutta percha in chloroform, which may -answer the purpose required by him. It is used by medical men as a dressing -for abrasion in the skin of bed-ridden persons, and is applied with a -camel's-hair brush. It hardens on being applied, and produces an artificial -skin, which saves the patient from farther suffering in the place to which -it has been applied. - -EXPERTO CREDE. - -Naphtha will render gutta percha soluble; and if needed to be used as a -varnish, it is only necessary to make a solution in a closed vessel, and -apply it with a brush. The naphtha will evaporate and leave a thin coating -of firmly-adhering gutta percha behind. - -SHIRLEY HIBBERD. - -_Impe_ (Vol. viii., pp. 443. 623.).--This epithet has been much discussed, -but I think that no reference has been made to the following remarkable -instances of its application. - -In the Beauchamp Chapel at St. Mary's Warwick is the altar-tomb and effigy -of the infant son of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, with a long -inscription, which begins: - - "Heere resteth the body of the noble impe Robert of Dudley, Baronet of - Denbigh, sonne of Robert, Erle of Leycester, nephew and heire unto - Ambrose, Erle of Warwike." - -In a letter from Edinburgh, dated 5th November, 1578, John Aleyn to the -Bishop of Carlisle, writes of "the goodly young Imp their King," who was -afterwards our James I.; and the Earl of Shrewsbury in 1585 writes of "my -wife and her imps," the lady being his energetic Countess Elizabeth -Hardwick, widow of Sir William Cavendish. (See Lodge's _Illustrations of -British History_, vol. ii. pp. 135. 275.) - -R. A. - -Melford. - -"_Bothy_" (Vol. ix., p. 305.).--For a very complete account of "the Bothy -system" in Scotland, see the able and interesting pamphlet of the Rev. -Harry Stuart: _Agricultural Labourers as they were, are, and should be_ -(Blackwood). - -W. C. TREVELYAN. - -{528} - -_Work on Ants_ (Vol. ix., p. 303.).--I presume that the work for which -[Sigma]. inquires is, _Recherches sur les Moeurs des Fourmis indigenes_, -par P. Huber, Paris, 1810.[7] - -[Greek: Halieus.] - -Dublin. - -[Footnote 7: [Our correspondent [Sigma]. begs us to acknowledge the favour -of the communication of [Greek: Halieus], but his inquiry "on the habits of -ants" is by an author, a M. Hauhart, and of a much later date than Huber's. -He is informed it is to be found in the Transactions of the University of -Basle in Switzerland, published with this title, _Die Zeitschrift der -Basler Hochschule_, 1825, p. 62; but he has not been successful in -obtaining a sight of that work.]] - -_Jacobite Garters_ (Vol. viii., p. 586.).--I have lately seen a -watch-ribbon, or perhaps garter, with a Jacobite inscription in white -letters somewhat like that described by E. L. J., but only about half the -length. The middle stripe was red between two blue ones, and yellow edges; -there was no attempt at a plaid. The owner had no tradition about it, as -connected with any particular incident in Prince Charles' career. - -P. P. - -"_The Three Pigeons_" (Vol. ix., p. 423.).--I think Washington Irving, in -his _Life of Goldsmith_, satisfactorily explains the origin of the song in -_She Stoops to Conquer_, which your correspondent G. TAYLOR supposes was -suggested by the inn at Brentford, mentioned by DR. RIMBAULT. The American -biographer says that Goldsmith and his companion Bryanton - - "Got up a country club at the inn at Ballymahon, of which Goldsmith - soon became the oracle and prime wit; astonishing his unlettered - associates by his learning, and being considered capital at a song and - story. From the rustic conviviality of the inn at Ballymahon, and the - company which used to assemble there, it is surmised that he took some - hints in afterlife for his picturing of Tony Lumpkin and his - associates, 'Dick Muggins the exciseman, Jack Slang the horse doctor, - Little Aminadab that grinds the music-box, and Tom Twist that spins the - pewter-platter.' Nay, it is thought that Tony's drinking-song at the - 'Three Jolly Pigeons' was but a revival of one of the convivial catches - at Ballymahon." - -And the author farther remarks, that - - "Though Goldsmith ultimately rose to associate with birds of a finer - feather, his heart would still yearn in secret after the 'Three Jolly - Pigeons.'" - -If this be correct, as it most likely is, the song referred to, and the -scene it illustrates, were not suggested by the inn at Brentford. - -B. M. - -Philadelphia. - -The alehouse situate at Lishoy in Ireland, where Goldsmith's father was -vicar, was, no doubt, "The Three Pigeons" of _She Stoops to Conquer_. There -is a sketch of it in the _Tourist's Handbook for Ireland_, p. 175. The -author refers to Mr. John Forster's _Life of Goldsmith_, which I have not -at hand. - -THOMPSON COOPER. - -Cambridge. - -_Corporation Enactments_ (Vol. ix., p. 300.).--It is an easy, but generally -an unsafe thing to quote from quotations. ABHBA should have referred to -_The Dublin Penny Journal_, vol. i. p. 226., for his extracts from the Town -Books of the Corporation of Youghal, co. Cork; and, even then, might have -made farther reference to Crofton Croker's _Researches in the South of -Ireland_, p. 160., whence the paragraph (unacknowledged) was introduced -into _The Dublin Penny Journal_. Mr. Croker, moreover, fell into error with -respect to the dates of these curious enactments, which were long -antecedent to 1680 and 1703. I have seen them in the original (Book A), and -vouch for the accuracy of the subjoined: - - "1613-14. Thomas Geoffry made a freeman (being a barber), on condition - that he should trim every freeman for sixpence per ann. - - "1622. John Bayly made free, on condition to dress the dinners of the - several Mayors." - -I may give you some farther extracts from a MS. Note Book relative to this -corporation at a future period. - -SAMUEL HAYMAN, Clk. - -South Abbey, Youghal. - -_The Passion of our Lord dramatised_ (Vol. ix., p. 373.).--A drama on the -_Passion of Christ_ (the first specimen of the kind that has descended to -our days) is attributed to St. Gregory of Nazianzum, but is more probably -the production of Gregory of Antioch (A.D. 572). It is described by most of -the ecclesiastical writers: Tillemont, Baillet, Baronius, Bellarmin, Dupin, -Vossius, Rivet, Labbaeus, Ceillier, Fleury, &c. - -In 1486, when _La Mistere de la Passion_, or the Passion of our Saviour, -was exhibited at Antwerp, the beholders were astonished by _five_ different -scaffolds, each having several stages rising perpendicularly: paradise was -the most elevated, and it had two stages. But even this display was -eclipsed by another exhibition of _The Passion_, where no fewer than _nine_ -scaffolds were displayed to the wondering gaze of the people. - -In 1556, according to Strype (_Life of Sir Thos. Pope_, Pref. p. vii.), the -_Passion of Christ_ was represented at the Grey Friers in London, on Corpus -Christi Day, before the Lord Mayor, the Privy Council, and many great -persons of the realm. Again, the same historian informs us (_Ecclesiastical -Memorials_, iii. c. xlix.) under the date 1557: - - "The _Passion of Christ_ was acted at the Grey Friers on the day that - war was proclaimed against France, and in honour of that occasion." - -{529} - -It is generally considered that the last miracle play represented in -England was that of _Christ's Passion_, in the reign of James I., which -Prynne informs us was-- - - "Performed at Elie House in Holborne, when Gondomar lay there, on Good - Friday at night, at which there were thousands present." - -Busby's idea, "that the manner of reciting and singing in the theatres -formed the original model of the Church service," is as absurd as it is -untenable. - -EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. - -It is said that Apollonarius of Laodicea (A.D. 362), and Gregory of -Nazianzum not much later, dramatised our Lord's Passion. Many, however, -regard the _Christus Patiens_, ascribed to Gregory, as spurious. The -Passion of our Lord was represented in the Coliseum at Rome as much as six -centuries ago. The subject was a favourite one in Italy. In France, "The -Fraternity of the Passion of our Saviour" received letters patent from -Charles VI. in 1402. Their object was to perform moralities or mysteries, -_i. e._ plays on sacred subjects. In 1486, the Chapter of the Church at -Lyons gave sixty livres to those who had played the mystery of the Passion -of our Lord Jesus Christ. In 1518, Francis I. confirmed by letters patent -the privileges of the Confreres de la Passion: one of their pieces, -reprinted in 1541, is entitled _Le Mystere de la Passion de N. S. J. C._ -The same subject was common in Spain and Germany. In England the Coventry -mysteries, &c. partook of the same character. The Cotton MS. (Vespasian, b. -viii.) and the Chester Whitsun plays (Harleian MS. 2013.) would probably -afford information which I cannot now give. So late as 1640, Sandys wrote a -tragedy, on a plan furnished by Grotius, upon Christ's Passion. A little -research would give H. P. a number of similar facts. - -B. H. C. - -If your correspondent wishes for authority for the fact of our blessed -Lord's Passion being dramatised, he will find an example in Gregor. Naz., -the _editio princ._ of which I have before me, entitled [Greek: Christos -paschon], Rom. 1542. - -J. C. J. - -See the true account and explanation of the service of the Passion, in -Cardinal Wiseman's _Lectures on the Offices of Holy Week_, 1854, 8vo., -Dolman. - -W. B. T. - -_Hardman's Account of Waterloo_ (Vol. ix., pp. 176. 355.).--Lieutenant -Samuel Hardman was present with the 7th Hussars at the cavalry actions of -Sahagun (Dec. 21, 1808) and Benevente (Dec. 29, 1808), previous to his -appointment, May 19, 1813, as Cornet, Royal Waggon Train, "from -serjeant-major, 7th Light Dragoons." I was in error in stating that he was -appointed "Lieutenant and Adjutant, Dec. 15, 1814, in the 10th Hussars, _in -which he had commenced his military career_." The 10th and 15th Hussars -were in action at Sahagun and Benevente, but Mr. Hardman never served in -the 10th Hussars until December 1814. - -Query, Why is Sahagun not to be found on the appointments of the 10th -Hussars, as well as on those of the 15th Hussars, as both regiments were -engaged with the enemy on that occasion? - -G. L. S. - -_Aristotle_ (Vol. ix., p. 373.).--See Aristotle's _Ethics_, bk. v. ch. iv. - -B. H. C. - -_Papyrus_ (Vol. ix., p. 222.).--If R. H. means the growing plant, it is to -be found in most botanical gardens. - -P. P. - -_Bell at Rouen_ (Vol. viii., p. 448.; Vol. ix., p. 233.).--A portion of the -great George d'Ambois is preserved in the Museum of Antiquities at Rouen, -where I saw it four years ago. - -CPL. - -_Word-minting_ (Vol. ix., pp. 151. 335.).--Your correspondent J. A. H. -cannot have seen Richardson's _Dictionary_, where he will find the word -_derangement_, in the sense of madness, illustrated by an instance from -Paley, _Evidences_, prop. 2. - -CPL. - -_Coleridge's Christabel_ (Vol. vii., pp. 206. 292.; Vol. viii., pp. 11. -111.; Vol. ix., p. 455.).--My Query relative to Christabel (Vol. vii., p. -292.) seems to have been lost sight of, and has not as yet received a -reply. Will you kindly permit me to renew it? - -In the _European Magazine_ for April, 1815, there appeared a poem entitled -"Christobell: a Gothic tale. Written as a sequel to a beautiful legend of a -fair lady and her father, deceived by a witch in the guise of a noble -knight's daughter." It is dated "March, 1815," and signed "V.," and was -reprinted in _Fraser's Magazine_ for January, 1835. It commences thus: - - "Whence comes the wavering light which falls - On Langdale's lonely Chapel-walls? - The noble mother of Christobell - Lies in that lone and drear chapelle." - -Query, What is known of the history and authorship of this poem? - -It will be observed from the dates, that the _sequel_ appeared in print -before Christabel was published by Coleridge. - -J. M. B. - -_Garrick's Funeral Epigram_ (Vol. vii., p. 619.).--Bishop Horne was, I -believe, the author of these verses; at least I have seen them in a volume -published by him, entitled (I think) _Miscellanies_: and I think they are -stated to be his in Jones' _Life of Horne_. But I have neither work at this -moment before me to refer to. - -GEO. E. FRERE. - -Roydon Hall, Diss. - -{530} - - * * * * * - - -Miscellaneous. - -BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES - -WANTED TO PURCHASE. - -Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the -gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are -given for that purpose: - -THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND MAGAZINE. Vol. XXI. 1846. In good order, and in the -cloth case. - - Wanted by the _Rev. B. H. Blacker_, 11. Pembroke Road, Dublin. - -THE TRIALS OF ROBERT POWELL, EDWARD BURCH, AND MATTHEW MARTIN, FOR FORGERY, -AT THE OLD BAILEY. London. 8vo. 1771. - - Wanted by _J. N. 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W. _will find the line_-- - - "Men are but children of a larger growth" - -_in Dryden's_ All for Love, _Act IV. Sc. 1_. - -[Delta]. _Has our Correspondent consulted the Rev. J. Blunt's_ Vestiges of -Ancient Customs and Manners in Modern Italy and Sicily, 8vo. 1823? - -H. EDWARDS. _The epithet referred to is an obvious corruption of an -extremely coarse one, formerly applied to all who refused to wear the -oak-apple on the 29th of May._ - -TOM KING. Monsieur Tonson _was written by the late John Taylor, the -well-known editor of_ The Sun, _and will be found in the collection of his -poems_. - -LOCCAN. Batman, _from Fr._ bat, _hence corrupted into_ bawman, _an -officer's servant_. - -I. R. R. _Valentine Schindler, a learned German, was born at Oedern, in -Misnia, and became professor of the Oriental languages at Wittemberg, and -at Helmstadt, where he died in 1611.--Rodrigo Sanchez de Arevalo, Lat._ -Rodericus Sanctius, _a learned Spanish prelate, was born in 1404. He was -successively promoted to the bishoprics of Zamora, Calahorra, and Palencia. -He died in 1470._ - -W. S., A TOPOGRAPHER, AND P. B. _For a person to be eligible to the -"Antiquarian Photographic Club," he must be a Fellow of the Royal or -Antiquarian Societies, or a member of the Royal Institution, and be -unanimously elected. This rule, after much consideration, was decided by -its promoters. A few others than Photographers are admitted, who join the -excursions, and are required to furnish the notes, historical and literary, -of the spots visited._ - -H. H. (Glasgow) _is thanked for the kind manner in which he speaks of our -services to photography_. - -L. L. _However imperfect the specimens of your skill, we shall be glad to -receive them. If all who, like you, have benefited by the photographic -articles which have appeared in our columns, would send us, in -acknowledgment, some of their productions, our portfolio would be better -filled than it is._ - -ERRATUM. 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