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diff --git a/42818-0.txt b/42818-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..afb2474 --- /dev/null +++ b/42818-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3404 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42818 *** + +{509} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 240.] +SATURDAY, JUNE 3. 1854 +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + St. Augustine on Clairvoyance, by J. E. B. Mayor 511 + + Edward Gibbon, Father and Son 511 + + Bohn's "Ordericus Vitalis" 512 + + A Curious Exposition 512 + + MINOR NOTES:--Inscription--Antiquarian Documents--Bishop + Watson's Map of Europe in 1854--Extracts from the + Registers of the Bishops of Lincoln--Marston and + Erasmus--Puzzle for the Heralds 513 + + QUERIES:-- + + Sepulchral Monuments 514 + + Queries on South's Sermons, by the Rev. W. H. Gunner 515 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Norwich, Kirkpatrick Collection of MSS. + for the History of--Corbet--Initials in Glass Quarries-- + Church Service: Preliminary Texts--The Spinning-machine + of the Ancients--View of Dumfries--"To pass the pikes"-- + May-day Custom--Maydenburi--Richard Fitz-Alan, ninth Earl + of Arundel--French Refugees--"Dilamgabendi"--Mr. + Plumley--Designation of Works under Review--North-west + Passage--Fountains--Pope and John Dennis 515 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--The Irish at the Battle of + Crecy--King of the Isle of Wight--Theodore de la + Guard--Back--Broom at Masthead 517 + + REPLIES:-- + + The Advice supposed to have been given to Julius III., + by B. B. Woodward, &c. 518 + + Lord Rosehill 519 + + Major André 520 + + The Terminations "-by" and "-ness," by Wm. Matthews, &c. 522 + + Newspaper Folk Lore, by Edward Peacock 523 + + Ventilation, by T. J. Buckton 524 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--History of Photographic + Discovery--Photographic Cautions--A Query respecting + Collodion--The Céroléine Process--Mr. Fox Talbot's Patents 524 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--The Olympic Plain--Encylopædia + of Indexes, or Table of Contents--"One New Year's Day"-- + Unregistered Proverbs--Orange Blossoms--Peculiar Use of + the Word "Pure"--Worm in Books--Chapel Sunday--Bishop + Inglis of Nova Scotia--Gutta Percha made soluble--Impe-- + Bothy--Work on Ants--Jacobite Garters--"The Three + Pigeons"--Corporation Enactments--The Passion of our + Lord dramatised--Hardman's Account of Waterloo-- + Aristotle--Papyrus--Bell at Rouen--Word-minting-- + Coleridge's Christabel, &c. 526 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 530 + + Notices to Correspondents 530 + + * * * * * + + +Multæ terricolis linguæ, coelestibus una. + +SAMUEL BAGSTER AND SONS' + +[Illustration] + +GENERAL CATALOGUE is sent Free by Post. It contains Lists of Quarto Family +Bibles; Ancient English Translations; Manuscript-notes Bibles; Polyglot +Bibles in every variety of Size and Combination of Language; +Parallel-passages Bibles; Greek Critical and other Testaments; Polyglot +Books of Common Prayer; Psalms in English, Hebrew, and many other +Languages, in great variety; Aids to the Study of the Old Testament and of +the New Testament; and Miscellaneous Biblical and other Works. By Post +Free. + +London: SAMUEL BAGSTER & SONS, 15. Paternoster Row. + +[Greek: Pollai men thnêtois Glôttai, mia d'Athanatoisin] + + * * * * * + + +This Day, fcp. 8vo., 5s. + +SYNONYMS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT: being the Substance of a Course of Lectures +addressed to the Theological Students, King's College, London. By RICHARD +CHENEVIX TRENCH, B. D., Professor of Divinity, King's College, and +Examining Chaplain to the Lord Bishop of Oxford. + +Cambridge: MACMILLAN & CO. + +London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +This Day. fcp. 8vo., 3s. 6d. + +SKETCHES OF SCRIPTURE FEMALE CHARACTERS. Dedicated to her Children by the +VISCOUNTESS HOOD. + +London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +ANNOTATED EDITION OF THE ENGLISH POETS. By ROBERT BELL. + +In Monthly Volumes, 2s. 6d. each, in cloth. + +This Day, the Second Volume of + +COWPER'S POETICAL WORKS. + +Already published. + +DRYDEN. Complete in Three Volumes. + +SURREY, MINOR CONTEMPORANEOUS POETS, and SACKVILLE, LORD BUCKHURST. In One +Volume. + +On the First of July, the Third and concluding Volume of + +COWPER. + +London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +AMERICAN BOOKS.--LOW, SON, & CO., as the Importers and Publishers of +American Books in this Country, have recently issued a detailed Catalogue +of their Stock in Theology, History, Travels, Biography, Practical Science, +Fiction, &c., a Copy of which will be forwarded upon application. + +By arrangements with the American Publishers, all Works of known or +anticipated interest will in future be published by LOW, SON, & CO., +simultaneously with their appearance in America. Works not in stock +obtained within six weeks of order. Lists of Importations forwarded +regularly when desired. + +Literary Institutions, the Clergy, Merchants and Shippers, and the Trade, +supplied on advantageous terms. + +Small enclosures taken for weekly ease to the United States at a moderate +charge. + + * * * * * + + +Just published. + +A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS, all perfect and in good Condition, and marked at +extremely low Prices. May be had on Application, or sent Post Free. + +UPHAM & BEET (late RODWELL), 46. New Bond Street, corner of Maddox Street. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS.--Just Ready, No. 47. of REEVES & TURNER'S Catalogue of Books in +every Class of Literature, sent Free on application to 114. Chancery Lane. + + * * * * * + + +CATALOGUE of CLASSICAL, MATHEMATICAL, and SCHOOL BOOKS just ready, to be +had, or sent free on application to + +REEVES & TURNER, 114. Chancery Lane. + + * * * * * + + +In 64mo., price, bound and clasped, 1s. 6d. + +THE SERMON in the MOUNT. Printed by C. Whittingham, uniformly with THE +THUMB BIBLE from the Edition of 1693--which may still be had, price 1s. 6d. + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + + +Fourth Edition, price 1s. cloth (1s. 4d. by Post). + +A WORD TO THE WISE, or Hints on the Current Improprieties of Expression in +Writing and Speaking. By PARRY GWYNNE. + + "All who wish to mind their P's and Q's should consult this little + volume."--_Gentleman's Magazine._ + +GRANT & GRIFFITH, Corner of St. Paul's Church Yard. + + * * * * * + + +THE ORIGINAL QUADRILLES, composed for the PIANO FORTE by MRS. AMBROSE +MERTON. + + London: Published for the Proprietor and may be had of C. LONSDALE, 26. + Old Bond Street; and by Order of all Music Sellers. + +PRICE THREE SHILLINGS. + + * * * * * + + +{510} + + Important Sale by Auction of the whole of the remaining Copies of that + splendid National Work, known as "FINDEN'S ROYAL GALLERY OF BRITISH + ART," the engraved Plates of which will be destroyed during the + Progress of the Sale, and in the presence of the Purchasers. + +SOUTHGATE & BARRETT have received instructions from MR. HOGARTH, of the +Haymarket, to Sell by Public Auction at their Fine Art and Book Auction +Rooms, 22. Fleet Street, London, on Wednesday Evening, June 7th, and +following Evenings, + +THE WHOLE OF THE REMAINING COPIES + +Of the very Celebrated Work, known as + +FINDEN'S ROYAL GALLERY OF BRITISH ART, + +Consisting of a limited number of Artists' and other choice proofs, and the +print impressions, which are all in an exceedingly fine state. The work +consists of 48 plates, the whole of which are engraved in line by the most +eminent men in that branch of art, and the pictures selected will at once +show that the great artists--Turner, Eastlake, Landseer, Stanfield, +Webster, Roberts, Wilkie, Maclise, Mulready, and more than thirty other +British Masters, are represented by the works which established and upheld +them in public favour, and by themes which appeal to universal sympathy and +happiest affections, or which delineate the peculiar glories of our +country, and commemorate its worthiest and most honourable achievements. + +The attention of the public is also particularly directed to the fact that +ALL THE ENGRAVED PLATES from which the impressions now offered have been +taken, WILL BE DESTROYED IN THE PRESENCE OF THE PURCHASERS, at the time of +Sale. By thus securing the market from being supplied with inferior +impressions at a future time, and at a cheaper rate, the value of the +existing stock will be increased, and it will become the interest of all +who wish to possess copies of these eminent works of art, at a reduced +price, to purchase them at this Sale, which will be THE ONLY OPPORTUNITY of +obtaining them. + +Under these circumstances, therefore, SOUTHGATE & BARRETT presume to demand +for this Sale the attention of all lovers of art--the amateur, the artist, +and the public;--believing that no opportunity has ever offered so happily +calculated to promote taste and to extend knowledge, while ministering to +the purest and best enjoyments which the artist conveys to the hearts and +homes of all who covet intellectual pleasures. + +Framed Copies of the work can be seen at MR. HOGARTH'S, 5. Haymarket; +MESSRS. LLOYD, BROTHERS, & CO., 22. Ludgate Hill; and at the AUCTIONEERS, +22. Fleet Street, by whom all Communications and Commissions will be +promptly and faithfully attended to. + +*** Catalogues of the entire Sale will be forwarded on Receipt of 12 +Postage Stamps. + + * * * * * + + + Sale by Auction of the Stocks of extremely Valuable Modern Engravings, + the engraved Plates of which will be destroyed in the presence of the + Purchasers at the Time of Sale. + +SOUTHGATE & BARRETT beg to announce that they will include in their Sale by +Auction of "FINDEN'S ROYAL GALLERY," and other Valuable Works of Art of a +similar character, to take place at their Fine Art and Book Auction Rooms, +22. Fleet Street, London, on Wednesday Evening, June 7th, and Seventeen +following Evenings (Saturdays and Sundays excepted), the whole of the +STOCKS OF PROOFS AND PRINTS of the following HIGHLY IMPORTANT ENGRAVINGS, +published by MR. HOGARTH and MESSRS. LLOYD & CO. + + "Ehrenbreitstein," painted by J. M. W. Turner, R.A., engraved by John + Pye. "Ecce Homo," from the picture by Correggio, engraved by G. T. Doo. + "The Dame School," painted by T. Webster, R.A., engraved by L. Stocks. + "Eton Montem," two views illustrative of, from pictures by Evans of + Eton, engraved by Charles Lewis. "Portrait of Mrs. Elizabeth Fry," + engraved by Samuel Cousins, A.R.A. from a picture by George Richmond. + "Portraits of eminent Persons," by George Richmond and C. Baugniet. + "Portrait of W. C. Macready, Esq., as Werner," painted by D. Maclise, + R.A., engraved by Sharpe. Flowers of German Art, a series of 20 plates + by the most eminent engravers. Cranstone's Fugitive Etchings, 17 + plates. Turner and Girtin's River Scenery, 30 plates. "Cottage Piety," + painted by Thomas Faed, engraved by Henry Lemon (unpublished). "See + Saw," painted by T. Webster, R.A., engraved by Holl (unpublished). + "Village Pastor," painted by W. P. Frith, R.A., engraved by Holl. "The + Immaculate Conception," painted by Guido, engraved in line by W. H. + Watt. "Harvey demonstrating to Charles the First his Theory of the + Circulation of the Blood," painted by Hannah, engraved by Lemon. "The + Origin of Music," painted by Selous, engraved by Wass. "The First + Step," painted by Faed, engraved by Sharpe. "The Prize Cartoons," + published by Messrs. Longmans & Co. And numerous other highly + interesting and valuable works of Art. + +ALL THE ENGRAVED PLATES of the above-mentioned engravings WILL BE DESTROYED +in the presence of the purchasers at the time of sale, which will thereby +secure to the purchasers the same advantages as are mentioned in the +advertisement given above, of the sale of the remaining copies of "Finden's +Royal Gallery." + +Framed Impressions of each of the plates can be seen at MR. HOGARTH'S, 5. +Haymarket; at MESSRS. LLOYD, BROTHERS, & CO., 22. Ludgate Hill; and at the +AUCTIONEERS, 22. Fleet Street, by whom all communications and commissions +will be promptly and faithfully attended to. + +*** Catalogues of the entire sale will be forwarded on receipt of 12 +Postage Stamps. + + * * * * * + + +The very extensive, highly important, and extremely choice Stock of MODERN +ENGLISH AND FOREIGN ENGRAVINGS, WATER-COLOUR DRAWINGS, and expensive Books +of Prints, of MR. HOGARTH of the Haymarket. + +SOUTHGATE & BARRETT will Sell by Auction at their Fine Art and Book Auction +Rooms, 22. Fleet Street, on Wednesday Evening, June 7th, and Seventeen +following Evenings (Saturdays and Sundays excepted), in the same sale as +the "FINDEN'S ROYAL GALLERY OF BRITISH ART," this extremely valuable and +highly interesting Stock. Amongst the ENGRAVINGS will be found in the BEST +STATES OF ARTISTS' and other CHOICE PROOFS, nearly all the popular plates +that have been published during the last quarter of a century; also an +Important Collection of Foreign Line Engravings in the best states; a large +variety of Portraits and other subjects after Sir Joshua Reynolds, some +very rare; an extensive series of prints by Hogarth, in early proofs, and +with curious variations; a most complete series of artists' proofs of the +works of George Cruikshank, including nearly all his early productions, +many unique; a number of scarce Old Prints, and a series in fine states by +Sir Robert Strange. The Stock is peculiarly rich in the works of J. M. W. +Turner, R.A., and comprises artists' proofs and the choicest states of all +his important productions, and matchless copies of the England and Wales +and Southern Coast. The Collection of HIGH-CLASS WATER-COLOUR DRAWINGS +consists of examples of the most eminent artists (particularly some +magnificent specimens by J. M. W. Turner), as well as a great variety of +the early English School, and some by the Ancient Masters; also a most +interesting Collection by Members of the Sketching Society. Of the Modern +School are examples by-- + + Absolon + Austin + Barrett + Cattermole + Collins + Fielding, C. + Holland + Hunt + Landseer, E. + Leslie + Lewis, J. + Liverseege + Maclise + Muller + Nesfield + Prout + Tayler, F. + Uwins + Webster + Wilkie + +Catalogues of the entire Sale will be forwarded on receipt of 12 postage +stamps, and all communication and commissions promptly and faithfully +attended to. + +22. Fleet Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +ARUNDEL SOCIETY.--The Publication of the Fourth Year (1852-3), consisting +of Eight Wood Engravings by MESSRS. DALZIEL, from Mr. W. Oliver Williams' +Drawings after GIOTTO'S Frescos at PADUA, is now ready; and Members who +have not paid their Subscriptions are requested to forward them to the +Treasurer by Post-Office Order, payable at the Charing Cross Office. + + JOHN J. ROGERS, + Treasurer and Hon. Sec. + 13. & 14. Pall Mall East. + March, 1854. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION. + +THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental +Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission. + + £ s. d. + A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent + Process 1 1 0 + Additional Copies (each) 0 5 0 + A Coloured Portrait, highly finished + (small size) 3 3 0 + A Coloured Portrait, highly finished + (larger size) 5 5 0 + +Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings, Photographed +and Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions, +Churches, &c., taken at a short notice. + +Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and +Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed. + +Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus. + + PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, + 168. New Bond Street. + + * * * * * + + +DR. DE JONGH'S LIGHT BROWN COD LIVER OIL. Prepared for medicinal use in the +Loffoden Isles, Norway, and put to the test of chemical analysis. The most +effectual remedy for Consumption, Bronchitis, Asthma, Gout, Chronic +Rheumatism, and all Scrofulous Diseases. + +Approved of and recommended by BERZELIUS, LIEBIG, WOEHLER, JONATHAN +PEREIRA, FOUQUIER, and numerous other eminent medical men and scientific +chemists in Europe. Specially rewarded with medals by the Governments of +Belgium and the Netherlands. Has almost entirely superseded all other kinds +on the Continent, in consequence of its proved superior power and +efficacy--effecting a cure much more rapidly. Contains iodine, phosphate of +chalk, volatile acid, and the elements of the bile--in short, all its most +active and essential principles--in larger quantities than the pale oils +made in England and Newfoundland, deprived mainly of these by their mode of +preparation. A pamphlet by Dr. de Jongh, with detailed remarks upon its +superiority, directions for use, cases in which it has been prescribed with +the greatest success, and testimonials, forwarded gratis on application. + +The subjoined testimonial of BARON LIEBIG, Professor of Chemistry at the +University of Giessen, is selected from innumerable others from medical and +scientific men of the highest distinction: + + "SIR,--I have the honour of addressing you my warmest thanks for your + attention in forwarding me your work on the chemical composition and + properties, as well as on the medicinal effects, of various kinds of + Cod Liver Oil. + + "You have rendered an essential service to science by your researches, + and your efforts to provide sufferers with this Medicine in its purest + and most genuine state, must ensure you the gratitude of every one who + stands in need of its use. + + "I have the honour of remaining, with expressions of the highest regard + and esteem, + + "Yours sincerely + "DR. JUSTUS LIEBIG." + "Giessen, Oct. 30. 1847. + "To Dr. de Jongh at the Hague." + +Sold Wholesale and Retail, in bottles, labelled with Dr. de Jongh's Stamp +and Signature, by ANSAR, HARFORD, & CO., 77. Strand, Sole Consignees and +Agents for the United Kingdom and British Possessions; and by all +respectable Chemists and Venders of Medicine in Town and Country, at the +following prices:--Imperial Measure, Half-pints, 2s. 6d.; Pints, 4s. 9d. + + * * * * * + + +{511} + +_LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 3, 1854._ + + * * * * * + +Notes. + +ST. AUGUSTINE ON CLAIRVOYANCE. + +Dr. Maitland, in his valuable _Illustrations of Mesmerism_, has not, I +think, noticed an important passage in St. Augustine's treatise, _De Genesi +ad litteram_, l. XII. c. 17. §§ 34. _seq._, in which, after saying that +demons _can read men's thoughts_, and know what is passing at a distance, +he proceeds to give a detailed account of two cases of _clairvoyance_. The +whole is written with his usual graphic power, and will well reward the +perusal. I must content myself with a brief outline of the facts. + +1. A patient, suffering from a fever, was supposed to be possessed by an +unclean spirit. Twelve miles off lived a presbyter, with whom, in mesmerist +phraseology, he was _en rapport_. He would receive no food from any other +hands; with him, except when a fit was upon him, he was calm and +submissive. When the presbyter left his home the patient would indicate his +position at each stage of his journey, and mark his nearer and nearer +approach. "He is entering the farm--the house--he is at the door;" and his +visitor stood before him. Once he foretold the death of a neighbour, not as +though he were predicting a future event, but as if recollecting a past. +For when she was mentioned in his hearing, he exclaimed, "She is dead, I +saw her funeral; that way they carried out her corpse." In a few days she +fell sick and died, and was carried out along that very road which he had +named. + +2. A boy was labouring under a painful disorder, which the physicians had +vainly endeavoured to relieve. In the exhaustion which followed on his +convulsive struggles, he would pass into a trance, keeping his eyes open, +but insensible to what was going on around him, and passively submitting to +pinches from the bystanders (_ad nullam se vellicationem movens_). After +awhile he awoke and told what he had seen. Generally an old man and a youth +appeared to him; at the beginning of Lent they promised him ease during the +forty days, and gave him _directions by which he might be relieved and +finally cured_. He followed their counsel, with the promised success. + +Augustine's remarks (c. xviii. § 39.) on these and similar phenomena are +well worth reading. He begs the learned not to mock him as speaking +confidently, and the unlearned not to take what he says on trust, but hopes +that both will regard him simply as an inquirer. He compares these visions +to those in dreams. Some come true, and some false; some are clear, others +obscure. But men love to search into what is singular, neglecting what is +usual, though even more inexplicable; just as when a man hears a word whose +sound is new to him, he is curious to know its meaning; while he never +thinks of asking the meaning of words familiar to his ear, however little +he may really understand them. If any one then wishes for a satisfactory +account of these strange phenomena, let him first explain the phenomena of +dreams, or let him show how the images of material objects reach the mind +through the eyes. + +J. E. B. MAYOR. + +St. John's College, Cambridge. + + * * * * * + +EDWARD GIBBON, FATHER AND SON. + +Gibbon mentions in his _Memoirs_ (edit. 1796, p. 18.), that in 1741 his +father and Mr. Delmé successfully contested Southampton against Mr. Henly, +subsequently Lord Chancellor, but that, after the dissolution in 1747, he +was unable or unwilling to maintain another contest, and "the life of the +senator expired in that dissolution." Not so the hopes of the senator, as +will appear from the following extract from a letter, dated "Beriton, +January 27, 1754:" + + "I received the favour of your letter according to the time you + promised. As Lord M---- has promised his own votes, I find there is + nothing to be done: strange behaviour, sure! But there seems to be such + infatuation upon this poor country, that even a good Catholic shall + join with a Dissenter to rivet on her chains. There are several of the + Independents would have me stand it out, but I would not on any + account, for I find it would make great dissensions, and even several + of Lord M----'s fagots and tenants would vote against him; and another + thing, it would lessen him in the opinion of a _great many people_ to + have him making interest for the two _present worthy candidates_ + against me. I shall therefore, upon his account, give over all thoughts + of standing; and I hope it may give me some little more credit and + merit with him against another election, especially if you would _be so + good as to improve it for me_." + +The following is of far greater interest--full of character. How well it +illustrates the paragraph in the _Memoirs_ (pp. 82-3.): + + "My stay at Beriton was always voluntary ... I never handled a gun, I + seldom mounted a horse; and my philosophic walks were soon terminated + by a shady bench, where I was long detained by the sedentary amusement + of reading or meditation." + + It appears however, by this letter, that on one occasion he trespassed + on some neighbour's game preserves, and received a hint on the subject: + + Beriton, Nov. 16, 1758. + + SIR, + + As I am extremely well convinced of your politeness, and your readiness + to grant your {512} neighbours any reasonable liberty with regard to + country sports, so I should be very sorry if either myself or my + servants had taken any improper ones. + + I am no sportsman, Sir, and was as much tempted this morning by the + beauty of the day and the pleasure of the ride as by the hopes of any + sport. I went out, and, neither acquainted with the bounds of the + manors nor your request to the neighbouring gentlemen, could only + follow my groom where he led me. I quitted your manor the instant I + received your message, without having killed anything in it. I assure + you that you shall never have again the same subject of complaint. With + regard to the liberty you are so good as to grant me for other sports, + I return you my most humble thanks, but shall not make much use of it, + as there are still in my father's manor more game than would satisfy so + moderate a sportsman as myself. + + My father would be extremely angry if his servants had destroyed any of + your game; but they all assure him they have killed no one hare upon + your liberties. As to pheasants, they have only killed one this season, + and that in Inwood copse. + + I am, + Sir, + Your obedient humble servant, + E. GIBBON, Junior. + +E. G. F. S. + + * * * * * + +BOHN'S "ORDERICUS VITALIS." + +In looking through the pages of _Ordericus Vitalis_, vol. ii. (Bohn's +edition), I have noticed some trifling inaccuracies, to one or more of +which you will perhaps suffer me to call the editor's attention through the +medium of "N. & Q.," in case he be not already aware of them. + +At p. 70. King William is described as offering the bishopric of Mans to +"Samson, _Bishop_ of Bayeux, his chaplain." So in the index to _Histor. +Anglic. circa tempus Conquestûs, &c., a Francisco Maseres_, I find this +passage of Vitalis referred to under the title of "Sanson Baiocensis +_episcopus_." + +But yet Odo was Bishop of Bayeux at this time; and notwithstanding what +Marbode _afterwards_ said of Bayeux, when he invited his old pupil to meet +him there, viz. "Sedes præsulibus sufficit illa tribus," yet Samson, even +then, was not Bishop of Bayeux, but of Worcester. + +The original words of Vitalis are, "Sansoni _Baiocensi_," Samson being +(temp. Will. I.) Canon and Treasurer of Bayeux, as well as Baron of Dover, +and Canon of St. Martin's there, Dean of Wolverhampton, and chaplain to +William. He was a married man, and apparently at the time in question only +in deacon's orders. One of his sons, at a later period, became Bishop of +Bayeux, as did also a grandson, whose mother (according to Beziers) was +"Isabelle de Dovre, maîtresse de Robert Conte de Glocester, bâtard de Henri +I., Roi d'Angleterre." Upon which I would found a Query, viz., Was this +grandson of Samson, whose name was Richard, an _uterine_ or a _half_ +brother of Roger, Bishop of Worcester? Both are described as sons of +Robert, Earl of Gloucester. + +At p. 261. Alberede is described in the text of the translation to be a +daughter of "Hugh, Bishop of Evreux," whereas in the original she is said +to be "Hugonis Bajocensis episcopi filia." + +In a note to this passage we are informed that Hugh, Bishop of Lisieux, +died at the Council of Rheims (Oct. 1049), and that he was eldest son of +Ralph, Count d'Ivri &c. On the contrary, we are told at p. 428, note 2, +that it was Odo's predecessor (_i. e._ Hugh d'Ivri) in the see of Bayeux, +who died at the Council of Rheims, Oct. 1049. Again, in a note at p. 118, +we learn that Hugh d'Eu, who succeeded Herbert as Bishop of Lisieux in +1050, or the year following the Council in question, did not vacate that +see until 1077. + +Before I close this Note, I should be glad to inquire what grounds the +editor has for asserting (p. 32, n. 1.) that Thomas, Archbishop of York, +"was not a chaplain to the king" before his promotion. Thierry, _Histoire +de la Conquête, &c._ (Par. 1825, tome ii. p. 18.), says: "Thomas, l'un des +chapelains du roi, fut nommé archevêque d'York." And by Godwin (_De Præsul. +Angl._, tom. ii. p. 244.) we are told that Odo-- + + "Eum (Thomam) Thesaurarium Baiocensem constituit, et postea _Regi + fratri commendavit, ut illi esset a sacras_." + +ANON. + + * * * * * + +A CURIOUS EXPOSITION. + +The following curious illustration, which I met with the other day in a +book where few would be likely to look for it, seems to me fairly to +deserve a place among the Notes of your interesting publication. It forms +the _moral_ exposition, by Cornelius à Lapide, of Ex. vii. 22.: "And the +magicians of Egypt did so with their enchantments," &c. + + "See here," he says, "how the devil contends with God, the magicians + with the prophets, and heretics with the orthodox, by imitating their + words and deeds. In our days, as the English Martyrology testifies, + Richard White (_Vitus_) disputed with a wicked English Calvinist, who + was more mighty in drinking than in argument, concerning the keys of + the Church, and when the heretic pertinaciously asserted that they were + given to himself, White wittily and ingeniously replied: 'I believe + that they have been given to you as they were to Peter, but with this + distinction, that his were the keys of heaven, but yours of the + beer-cellar; {513} for this the _rubicund promontory of your nose_ + indicates.' Thus do heretics turn water into blood. This is their + miracle." + +Richard White I presume to have been an ejected Fellow of New College, +Oxford, afterwards rector of the University of Douai, and a Count Palatine +of the empire, author of sundry antiquarian and theological works; but it +is surely strange that this piece of ribaldry, of which he had been guilty, +should be thought worthy of being recorded; and still more so, that it +should be thus applied by a grave and learned Jesuit commentator. + +C. W. B. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Inscription._--The following quaint inscription is to be found on a +gravestone in the churchyard of Llangollen, North Wales: + + "Our life is but a winter's day: + Some only breakfast and away; + Others to dinner stay, and are full fed; + The oldest man but sups, and goes to bed. + Large is the debt who lingers out the day; + Who goes the soonest has the least to pay." + +J. R. G. + +Dublin. + +_Antiquarian Documents._--At a time when public records and state papers +are being thrown open by the Government in so liberal a spirit, might not +some plan be devised for admitting the public to the Church's antiquarian +documents also, treasured in the various chapter-houses, diocesan +registries, and cathedral libraries? + +Might not catalogues of these be printed, as well as the more historically +valuable and curious of the papers themselves? And is there any sufficient +reason why the earlier portions of the parochial registers throughout the +country might not be published, say down to the commencement of the present +century, prior to which they appear to have no other value except for +literary purposes? + +J. SANSOM. + +_Bishop Watson's Map of Europe in 1854._--The following paragraph is an +extract from a letter written by Bishop Watson to Dr. Falconer of Bath, in +the year 1804: + + "The death of a single prince in any part of Europe, remarkable either + for wisdom or folly, renders political conjectures of future + contingencies so extremely uncertain, that I seldom indulge myself in + forming them; yet it seems to me probable, that Europe will soon be + divided among three powers, France, Austria, and Russia; and in half a + century between two, France and Russia; and that America will become + the greatest naval power on the globe, and be replenished by migrations + of oppressed and discontented people from every part of Europe."--See + _Anecdotes of the Life of Richard Watson, Bishop of Llandaff_, 2 vols. + 8vo., London, 1818, vol. ii. p. 196. + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + +_Extracts from the Registers of the Bishops of Lincoln._--In searching +through the registers of the bishops of Lincoln, the following curious +entries met my eye: + + "_Smoke-farthings._--Commissio domini episcopi ad levandum le Smoke + farthinges, alias dict. Lincoln farthinges a nostris Archidiaconatus + nostri Leycestriæ: subditis ad utilitatem nostræ matricis ecclesiæ + Cath. Linc. sponsæ nostræ convertend., dicti Smoke farthinges + conceduntur ad constructionem campanili ecclesiæ prebendalis Sanctæ + Margaretæ Leycestr. 1444." + +The above entry occurs at fo. 48. of the register of William Alnewick, +Bishop of Lincoln. + + "A^o 1450. _Testamentum domini Thomæ Cumberworth, militis._--In the + name of Gode and to his loveyng, Amen. I, Thomas Cumbyrworth, knyght, + the xv day of Feberer, the yere of oure Lord m^lcccc and L. in clere + mynde and hele of body, blyssed be Gode, ordan my last wyll on this + wyse folowyng. Furst, I gyff my sawle to God, my Lorde and my + Redemptur, and my wrechid body to be beryd in a chiffe w^towte any + kyste in the northyle of the parych kirke of Someretby be my wyfe, and + I wyll my body ly still, my mowth opyn, untild xxiiij owrys, and after + laid on bere w[t]towtyn any thyng y^ropon to coverit bot a sheit and a + blak cloth, w^t a white crose of cloth of golde, but I wyl my kyste be + made and stande by, and at my bereall giff it to hym that fillis my + grave; also I gif my blissid Lord God for my mortuary there I am bered + my best hors." + +This entry occurs at fo. 43. of the register of Marmaduke Lumley, Bishop of +Lincoln. + +Z. + +_Marston and Erasmus._--I am not aware the following similarity of idea, +between a passage in Marston's _Antonio and Mellida_ and one in Erasmus' +_Colloquies_, has ever been pointed out: + + " . . . . As having clasp'd a rose + Within my palm, the rose being ta'en away, + My hand retains a little breath of sweet. + So may man's trunk, his spirit slipp'd away, + Hold still a faint perfume of his sweet guest." + _Antonio and Mellida_, Act IV. Sc. 1. From + the reprint in the _Ancient British Drama_. + + "Anima quæ moderatur utrunque corpus animantis, improprie dicitur anima + cum revera sint tenues quædam animæ reliquiæ, non aliter quam odor + rosarum manet in manu, etiam rosa submota."--_Erasmi Colloq._, Leyden + edit. 1703, vol. i. p. 694. + +H. F. S. + +Cambridge. + +_Puzzle for the Heralds._--Some years ago Sir John Newport, Bart., and who +was married, and Sir Simon Newport, who had received the honour of +knighthood, and was also married, lived in or {514} near the city of +Waterford; and I have heard that owing to the frequent mistakes arising +from the two ladies being called each "Lady Newport," a case was sent to +Dublin for the opinion of the Ulster King of arms. It is said he himself +was puzzled; Sir Simon's lady was not "Lady Newport," for Sir John's lady +had a prior and higher claim; she was not "Lady Simon," for her husband was +not Lord Simon; but he ultimately decided that the lady was to be called +"Lady Sir Simon," and she was never afterwards known by any other title. + +Y. S. M. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +SEPULCHRAL MONUMENTS. + +As recumbent effigies are in vogue, there are some points connected +herewith worthy of discussion at the present time in your pages. The +ultra-admirers of the mediæval monuments will not allow the slightest +deviation from what they regard as the prescriptive model--a figure with +the head straight, and the hands raised in prayer. One of their arguments +is, that the ancient effigy is alive, while the modern modifications are in +a state of death, and consequently repulsive to the feelings of the +spectator. In my opinion, however, the vitality of the old ones is very +questionable. Let us reflect upon their probable origin. In former times +the bodies of ecclesiastics and other personages were laid in state, +exposed to public view, and even carried into the churches in that +condition: a custom still prevalent abroad. It is reasonable to conjecture +that the monuments intended to perpetuate this scene in stone, imitating +the form of the deceased, with the canopy and bier, and adorned with +armorial bearings and other appropriate devices. Images of wax were +frequently substituted for the corpse, some of which (among them Queen +Elizabeth's) are still preserved in Westminster Abbey; but the practice was +kept up even down to the time of the great Duke of Marlborough. It is +recorded in history, that during the progress of the body of our Henry V. +from France, a figure of the king, composed of boiled leather, was placed +upon the coffin. York Cathedral contains a beautiful example of a complete +monument of this description in the Early English style, which degenerated +by degrees into the four-post bed, with its affectionate couple, of the +Elizabethan period. It is obviously a fair deduction, from these +circumstances, that the sepulchral effigies are "hearsed in death." + +From Mr. Ruskin's _Stones of Venice_, it appears that the figures on the +Venetian tombs of the Middle Ages are manifestly dead; and such, it may be +inferred, is the impression conveyed to his highly cultivated mind by the +contemplation of those in our own country. + + "In the most elaborate examples," says this observant writer, "the + canopy is surmounted by a statue, generally small, representing the + dead person in the full strength and pride of life, while the recumbent + figure shows him as he lay in death. And at this point the perfect type + of the Gothic tomb is reached." + +Describing one at Verona, of the fourteenth century, he observes: + + "The principal aim of the monument is to direct the thoughts to his + image as he lies in death, and to the expression of his hope of + resurrection." + +And towards the conclusion of his review of their development he writes: + + "This statue in the meantime has been gradually coming back to life + through a curious series of transitions. The Vendramin monument is one + of the last which shows, or pretends to show, the recumbent figure laid + in death. A few years later this idea became disagreeable to polite + minds; and lo! the figures which before had been laid at rest upon the + tomb pillow, raised themselves on their elbows, and began to look + around them. The soul of the sixteenth century dared not contemplate + its body in death." + +Flaxman, in his remarks on the monuments of Aylmer de Valence and Edmund +Crouchback in Westminster Abbey, admires + + "The solemn repose of the principal figure, representing the deceased + in his last prayer for mercy to the throne of grace, the delicacy of + thought in the group of angels bearing the soul, and the tender + sentiment of concern variously expressed in the relations ranged in + order round the basement." + +As, however, a canopy on the former exhibits a living figure of the +departed on horseback, such as Mr. Ruskin notices in Italy, and as the +angels are said to bear the soul, the knight must certainly have breathed +his last. The raised hands are no refutation of the argument, since there +are grounds for the assertion that those of the dead bodies laid in state +were sometimes tied together to retain them in the suitable position. A few +exceptional instances, no doubt, occur of variations in the attitude +irreconcileable with death, and equally inconsistent with a reclining +posture. It must also be admitted that in brasses and incised slabs (which +may be regarded in many respects as parallel memorials), the eyes are +almost invariably unclosed; yet the fact, neither in this case nor in that +of the carved marble, does not by any means certify that the individuals +are alive. + +Since then there is so much reason for the supposition that the generality +of our ancestors are sculptured in the sleep of death, the recumbent figure +of a Christian clasping the Bible, and slightly turning his head, just +passed away into another state of existence (not into purgatory, {515} but +into a happier world), cannot surely be now deemed unsuitable to a Gothic +church. + +C. T. + + * * * * * + +QUERIES ON SOUTH'S SERMONS. + +I should be glad to know the authority for the following statement in +South's sermon, _Against long Extempore Prayers_, vol. i. p. 251., Tegg's +edition, 1843: + + "These two things are certain, and I do particularly recommend them to + your observation: One, that this way of praying by the Spirit, as they + call it, was begun, and first brought into use here in England, in + Queen Elizabeth's days, by a Popish priest and Dominican friar, one + Faithful Commin by name. Who, counterfeiting himself a Protestant, and + a zealot of the highest form, set up this new spiritual way of praying, + with a design to bring the people first to a contempt, and from thence + to an utter hatred and disuse of our Common Prayer; which he still + reviled as only a translation of the mass, thereby to distract men's + minds, and to divide our Church. And this he did with such success, + that we have lived to see the effects of his labours in the utter + subversion of Church and State; which hellish negociation, when this + malicious hypocrite came to Rome to give the Pope an account of, he + received of him, as so notable a service well deserved, besides a + thousand thanks, two thousand ducats for his pains." + +Also, who was W. W., the author of "a virulent and insulting pamphlet, +entitled, _A Letter to a Member of Parliament_, printed in the year 1697, +and as like the author himself, W. W., as malice can make it," referred to +in a note by South at the end of his sermon on _The Recompence of the +Reward_, vol. ii. p. 152. Is this pamphlet still in existence? + +W. H. GUNNER. + +Winchester. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Norwich, Kirkpatrick Collection of MSS. for the History of._--Mr. Simon +Wilkin, in the preface to the _Repertorium_, contained in his fourth volume +of his valuable edition of the works of Sir Thomas Browne, p. 4., having +spoken of the large collections for the History of Norwich made by Mr. John +Kirkpatrick, who died in 1728, and gave the said collections by will to the +mayor, sheriffs, citizens, and commonalty of the city of Norwich, in order +that "some citizen hereafter, being a skilful antiquary, may, from the +same, have an opportunity of completing and publishing the said history," +&c., goes on to say, "the MSS. referred to were some years ago in the +possession of the corporation, but we fear the original intention of the +donor has been lost sight of, and that these valuable MSS. are for ever +lost to the lover of local antiquities." This was printed in 1835. But the +subject ought not to be permitted to drop and rest there. Up to that date, +can it be ascertained that the papers remained in the keeping of the +Corporation? Are they still in their hands, though inaccessible? Can any +information be obtained as to the _when_ and the _how_ they passed out of +their possession? Or, above all, can any clue be found to their subsequent +history and present resting-place? It may be suggested to any patriotic +citizen and antiquary of the fair city of Norwich, that, inasmuch as the +Corporation, by the terms of the will, are only _trustees_ for the +property, the Court of Chancery might be moved to assist in the recovery +thereof. + +T. A. T. + +Florence, March, 1854. + +_Corbet._--Can any of your readers furnish information relative to the +Scottish family of Corbet, one member of whom emigrated to America, about +the year 1705, from the neighbourhood of Dumfries? + +CORBIE. + +Philadelphia. + +_Initials in Glass Quarries._--In St. Clement's Church, Norwich, are some +diamond-shaped panes of glass, or _quarries_, containing initial letters, +&c. + +1. The letters I. V. beneath a mitre. (Glass probably about A.D. 1600.) Do +these belong to any Bishop of Norwich? + +2. A. A. 3. A. I. Glass and style probably give 1500-1550 for the date. + +At St. Neots' parish church, Huntingdonshire, the initials W. and M. +interlaced, G., and C., occur on several quarries. + +At Puttenham, Hertfordshire, is a broken quarry bearing a shield, charged +with a ship in full sail; on a chief, the arms of King's Coll. Cambridge. +The living belongs to that college, I believe. + +Can any of your correspondents assist in assigning these initials and arms +to their respective owners? The date of the glass in the two last-named +cases is probably the end of the seventeenth century. + +G. R. YORK. + +_Church Service: Preliminary Texts._--Among the texts with which the Church +of England Service commences, is one with two references; the former of +these is the correct index to the words, the latter points to a kindred +text. At Jer. x. 24. we find the passage; then why is Ps. vi. 1. added, no +parallel text being indicated to any of the other ten? Has this always so +stood? + +W. T. M. + +Hong Kong. + +_The Spinning-machine of the Ancients._--Can any of your readers give a +satisfactory explanation of the difficult passage which occurs at the end +of Catullus' _Epithalamium_, containing the description of the +spinning-wheel of the Fates? As this has been such a perplexing subject +hitherto to commentators, a solution of the terms there employed, {516} +illustrated by a plan of the machine, would doubtless be a boon to many who +have unsuccessfully tried to understand it. + +[Greek: Philomathês.] + +_View of Dumfries._--I have a modern lithographed view of the town of +Dumfries, said to have been taken from an old engraving in some printed +book. It represents a small chapel (the Crystal Chapel) on a height in the +foreground, and the walls of the town and the old church behind. I have in +vain sought for the original, and have almost come to the conclusion that +the drawing is a forgery. Can any of your readers who have access to the +Bodleian, inform me whether anything of the kind is to be found in Gough's +_Topographical Collections_, which are there deposited? + +BALIVUS. + +Edinburgh. + +"_To pass the pikes._"--What is the origin of this phrase? + +G. TAYLOR. + +_May-day Custom._--Can any of your correspondents inform me of the origin +of a singular custom which prevails in Huntingdonshire on May 1, viz. that +of suspending from a rope, which is hung across the road in every village, +a doll with pieces of gay-coloured silk and ribbon, and no matter what, +attached to it; candlesticks and snuffers, spoons and forks, being parts of +those I saw the other day in Summersham, St. Ives, and several other +places. + +HENRIETTA M. COLE. + +3. Gloucester Crescent, Hyde Park. + +_Maydenburi._--The seal with which I close my letter was purchased some +years ago on the west coast of Wales. It is engraved on brass; the upper +part being much beaten down, as if struck with a hammer when used, but the +face is perfect. The legend is, "S. IONIS. DE MAYDENBVRI:" but being +engraved in the usual direction, it reads on the impression from right to +left. The "s." may be read either as "sanctus" or "sigillum." The figure is +that of St. Christopher, bearing Christ across a running stream. + +I have not been able to discover the locality of Maydenburi, and therefore +my questions to such of your readers as are more skilled in mediæval lore +than myself, are, Where is this place situated, and what was its previous +destination, monastic or otherwise? and who was the original proprietor of +the seal? + +H. E. S. + +Tewkesbury. + +_Richard Fitz-Alan, ninth Earl of Arundel._--Can any one tell me why +Richard Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel and Surrey, who married Eleanora, +daughter of Henry Plantagenet, Earl of Lancaster, relict of Henry Lord +Beaumont, received the _sobriquet_ of "Richard with the Copped Hat?" + +H. M. + +_French Refugees._--During the time of the French Revolution, 1789-1800, +many families emigrated to England, and received shelter and support at an +hospital then situate in Spital Fields. I should feel obliged for any +information relating to the books or registers of that hospital wherein +would be found the names of the emigrants, and also whether there is any +publication relating to them. + +J. F. F. + +Dublin. + +"_Dilamgabendi._"--What is the precise meaning of the word _Dilamgabendi_; +is it of ancient British origin, or to what language does it belong? + +A TRAVELLER. + +_Mr. Plumley._--In the _Literary Intelligencer_ for March, 1822, No. 131., +in an article entitled "Extremes Meet," it is said: + + "Mr. Plumley concludes one of his tragedies with a dying speech and an + execution. And gives an appendix of references to the passages of + Scripture quoted in his plays." + +Who was Mr. Plumley, and what did he write? I cannot find any book to which +the above passage can refer in the British Museum. + +C. L. + +_Designation of Works under Review._--I shall be much indebted to the +Editor of "N. & Q.," or to any of his correspondents, if he or they will +inform me of the designation under which the works, whose names stand at +the head of a review, should be technically referred to by the reviewer. + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_North-west Passage._--In 1612, Captain Thomas Button made a voyage to +discover the north-west passage, and was afterwards knighted by King James. +Can any of your readers refer me to a pedigree, or other particulars, of +Sir Thomas Button's family? They appear to have been seated at Duffryn, in +Glamorganshire, as early as the fourteenth or fifteenth century. Sir +Thomas' daughter Ann married General Rowland Langharne, of St. Bride's, +Pembrokeshire, a noted character in the civil war. + +NOTARY. + +_Fountains._--Will some kind reader obligingly state the names of any works +that give representations or descriptions of foreign fountains? + +AQUARIUS. + +_Pope and John Dennis._--What is the authority for the universal assumption +that Pope wrote _The Narrative of Dr. Robert Norris_? It is said, in the +notes to the _Dunciad_, to have been published in Swift and Pope's +_Miscellanies_, vol. iii. This does not prove that Pope wrote it. Farther, +it is not {517} in the third volume of the _Miscellanies_ as republished in +1731. What are the facts? + +P. J. D. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_The Irish at the Battle of Crecy._--I should feel obliged if any of your +readers could inform me where the authority is for the Irish at the battle +of Crecy having been the first to come to close fight with the French, and +doing, "after the manner of their own countrie," effective service with +their skenes or long knives. + +M. P. + + [There is the best authority for this assertion, even that of the + veritable Holinshed, who quotes from Froissart, the cotemporary of our + victorious Edward. "The armie which he (Edward) had over with him, was + to the number of 4000 men of armes, and 10,000 archers, besides + _Irishmen_ and Welshmen that followed the host on foot." The French + historian also informs us, that the skene or knife was the chief weapon + used by the Irish in that age: "The Irish have pointed knives with + broad blades, sharp on both sides, like a dart-head, with which they + kill their enemies," &c. Johnes's _Translation_, vol. iv. p. 428.: see + also Grafton's _Chronicle_, p. 261.; and Keightley's _History of + England_, vol. i. p. 279.] + +_King of the Isle of Wight._--I was not aware that the Isle of Wight, like +the Isle of Man, had once been a kingdom. It seems that Henry de Beauchamp, +Earl and Duke of Warwick, was crowned, _circa_ 1445, King of the Isle of +Wight. Perhaps some of your correspondents may be able to throw some light +on this matter. + +E. H. A. + + [Henry Beauchamp, Duke of Warwick, son of Richard Earl of Warwick, was + crowned King of the Isle of Wight by patent 24 Henry VI., King Henry in + person assisting at the ceremonial, and placing the crown on his head. + Leland (_Itiner._, vol. vi. p. 91.) says, "Henricus Comes de Warwike ab + Henrico VI. cui carissimus erat, coronatus _in regem de Wighte_, et + postea nominatus primus comes totius Angliæ." Leland takes this _ex + Libello de Antiquitate Theoksibriensis Monasterii_, in the church of + which house this Duke of Warwick was buried. But little notice has been + taken of this singular event by our historians, and, except for some + other collateral evidence, the authenticity of it might be doubted; but + the representation of this duke with an imperial crown on his head and + a sceptre before him, in an ancient window of the collegiate church at + Warwick, leaves no doubt that such an event did take place. (See + Worsley's _Hist. of the Isle of Wight_ for a plate copied from an + accurate drawing of the king.) This honourable mark of the royal + favour, however, conveyed no regal authority, the king having no power + to transfer the sovereignty of any part of his dominions, as is + observed by Lord Coke in his _Institutes_, where this transaction is + discussed; and there is reason to conclude that, though titular king, + he did not even possess the lordship of the island, no surrender + appearing from Duke Humphrey, who was then living, and had a grant for + the term of his life. Mr. Selden too, in his _Titles of Honour_, p. + 29., treating of the title of the King of Man, observes that "it was + like that of King of the Isle of Wight, in the great Beauchamp, Duke of + Warwick, who was crowned king under Henry VI." Henry Beauchamp was also + crowned King of Guernsey and Jersey. He died soon after these honours + had been conferred on him, June 11, 1445, when the regal title expired + with him, and the lordship of the island, at the death of the Duke of + Gloucester, reverted to the crown.] + +_Theodore de la Guard._--I have a tract by him with the title of _The +simple Cobler of Aggawam, in America_, London, 1647. Who was he? and where +can I find any account of him or his work? + +CPL. + + [The Rev. Nathaniel Ward was the author of this work. He was born at + Haverhill in Essex, of which place his father was a clergyman; and + after studying at Cambridge, became minister of Standon in Herts; but + was cited before the bishop, Dec. 12, 1631, to answer for his + nonconformity. Being forbidden to preach, he embarked for America in + April, 1634, and settled as pastor of the church at Ipswich, or + Aggawam. He returned to England in 1646, and on June 30, 1647, preached + before the House of Commons, and the same year published _The Simple + Cobler_. He was afterwards settled at Shenfield, near Brentwood, where + he died in 1653, in his eighty-third year. Fuller, in his _Worthies_, + co. Suffolk, speaking of him, says, that he, "following the counsel of + the poet, + + 'Ridentem dicere verum, + Quis vetat?' + + 'What doth forbid that one may smile, + And also tell the truth the while?' + + hath in a jesting way, in some of his books, delivered much smart truth + of the present times." Dr. Mather, in his _Magnalia_, remarks of him, + that "he was the author of many composures full of wit and sense; among + which that entitled _The Simple Cobler_ (which demonstrated him to be a + subtil statesman) was most considered." This work passed through + several editions in England in 1647. It was reprinted in Boston in + 1713. The best edition, containing the author's subsequent additions, + is that edited by David Pulsifer, Boston, 1843.] + +_Back._--What is the meaning and derivation of "Back," as applied to +several localities in Bristol, as, for instance, The Back, Welsh Back, +Temple Back, St. Augustine's Back, St. James' Back, Redcliffe Back? Many of +them are not on the river, or I should have imagined it a corruption of the +word bank. + +MALCOLM FRASER. + +Clifton. + + [Barrett, in his _History of Bristol_, p. 72., gives a clue to the + origin of this local name: "Before the quay was made the usual place, + as Leland says, for landing goods out of the ships was at the Back (or + _Bec_, a Saxon word for a river), where was the old Custom-house. The + quay being completed, and the marsh of Bristol thereby effectually + divided from that {518} of St. Augustine, houses and streets began to + be built there; Marsh Street terminated with a chapel, dedicated to St. + Clement, and a gate; and Back Street, with a gate also, and a chapel + near it, dedicated to St. John, and belonging to St. Nicholas; the + church of St. Stephen and its dependent parish, and the buildings + between the Back and the quay, seem to have taken their rise at this + period, and were all enclosed with a strong embattled wall, _externa_ + or _secunda moenia urbis_, extending from the quay to the Back, where + King Street has since been built."] + +_Broom at Mast-head._--Whence did the custom originate of a broom being +fastened to the mast-head of boats and small craft, to indicate their being +for sale? + +J. R. G. + +Dublin. + + [It originated from the old custom of putting up boughs upon anything + which was intended for sale; and "this is the reason," says Brande, + "why an old besom (which is a sort of _dried bush_) is put up at the + top-mast-head of a ship or boat when she is to be sold."] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +THE ADVICE SUPPOSED TO HAVE BEEN GIVEN TO JULIUS III. + +(Vol. viii., p. 54.; Vol. ix. _passim_.) + +Your correspondent NOVUS has very judiciously warned controversialists on +the use of a document as emanating from the papal court, which, to every +one who reads it through (if a shorter examination will not be +satisfactory), must carry evidence of its not being papal authority, but +intended as a satire on Rome. A writer in the _Christian Remembrancer_, +vol. xii., attaches undue importance to the signatures, in the absence of +which, he admits, "we should conclude that this was the production of some +enemy in disguise." + +In a 4to. volume of Tracts now before me is a copy of the genuine +document-- + + "Consilium delectorum cardinalium et aliorum prælatorum, de emendanda + ecclesia. S. D. N. Papa Paulo III. ipso jubente conscriptum et + exhibitum anno 1538;" + +two copies of the supposititious + + "Consilium quorundam episcoporum Bononiæ congregatorum quod de ratione + stabiliendæ Romanæ ecclesiæ Julio III. Pont. Max. datum est. Quo artes + et astutiæ Romanensium et arcana imperii papalis non pauca propalantur. + Ex bibliotheca W. Crashauii. Londini, 1613;" + +and several other tracts, so rare that an enumeration of them, and a few +extracts, will perhaps be acceptable to many of the readers of "N. & Q." +Fourth in order: + + "Marcus Antonius de Dominis archiepiscopus Spalatensis, suæ + profectionis consilium exponit. Londini, 1616." + + "Bellum Papale, sive concordia discors Sixti Quinti et Clementis + Octavi, circa Hieronymianam editionem, etc. Auctore Thoma Jamesio. + Londini, 1600." + + "[Ejusdem] Bellum Gregorianum, sive corruptionis Romanæ in operibus D. + Gregorii M. jussu pontificum Rom. recognitis atque editis, etc. Oxoniæ, + 1610." + + "Summa actorum Facultatis Theologiæ Parisiensis contra librum + inscriptum, Controversia Anglicana de potestate regis et pontificis, + etc. Auctore Martino Becano. Londini, 1613." + + "Antitortobellarminus, sive refutatio calumniarum, mendaciorum, et + imposturarum laico-cardinalis Bellarmini, contra jura omnium regum et + sinceram illibatamque famam Serenissimi, potentissimi piissimique + Principis Jacobi ... fidei catholicæ defensoris et propugnatoris: per + Joan. Gordonium. Londini, 1610." + + "Tu super _hoc cepha_ fingis Christum ore loquutum + Fundamen caulæ nidificabo meæ: + Vernac'lo at Christus Solymis sermone loquutus, + Separat articulis mascula foemineis; + Petre, ait, hic cepha es, sanctæ fundamina caulæ, + Et super _hac cepha_ ponere dico meæ: + + . . . . . . + + Quòd tu sic audes Christi pervertere verba + Et pro foemineo subdere masculeum, + Nil mirum; Papis solenne est cardineisque + Sic pro foemineo subdere masculeum." + + "Epilogus ad quatuor colloquia D^{ni} D^{ris} Wrighti pro mala fide + habita; et a Jacobo Nixon non bona fide relata; et Guilielmo Stanleio + nullius fidei perduelli dicata: pro amico et gentili suo D^{no} Thoma + Roe equite editus. Authore Guilielmo Roe. Londini, 1615." + + "D^{no} D^{ri} Wright Anglo, malæ causæ clienti: et Jacobo Nixon + Hiberno, advocato pejori: et Guilielmo Stanleio, patrono pessimo; + religionis et patriæ hostibus: poenam seram et poenitentiam seriam + Guilielmus Roe exoptat." + +This is the opening of the epilogus _Colloquii Spadani_, a copy of which +rare tract is in the extensive collection of the President of the Chetham +Society. The epilogue contains an unmeasured invective against these three +"vassal slaves of servile Rome."[1] Wright's panegyric on Stanley is thus +introduced and distorted: + + "Egregia facinora tua vidit Hibernia, experta est Hollandia, agnoscit + Hispania, prædicat Gallia, fatetur Flandria, neque potest negare + Anglia. Ergo cum bona frontis tuæ serenitate sustinebis, si elogii tui + vocem ad assensum nostrum repercussam, instar Ecchus remittamus, et + Stanleium hominem egregie facinorosum dixerimus, quod in Hispanis + consilio suo immissis vidit Hibernia, in Daventriæ proditione {519} + experta est Hollandia, in stipendio proditioni imputato agnoscit + Hispania, in pluribus locis frustra et cum ignominia tentatis prædicat + Gallia, et nullam illi præfecturam unquam integrè credendo fatetur + Flandria, neque post tot in patriam suam molitiones, et præsertim + expeditionem quam ad fragorem pulverariæ conjurationis in nos habiturus + erat, negare potest Anglia." + + "Eadgarus in Jacobo redivivus: seu pietatis Anglicanæ defensio. Ab + Adamo Reuter. Londini, 1614." + + "[Ejusdem] Libertatis Anglicanæ defensio seu demonstratio: regnum + Angliæ non esse feudum pontificis: in nobilissima et antiquissima + Oxoniensi academia, publice apposita Martino Becano. Londini, 1613." + + "[Ejusdem] Oratio: quam Papam esse Bestiam quæ non est et tamen est, + apud Johan. Apoc. xvii. 8. in fine probantem ... recitavit Adam Reuter. + Londini, 1610." + + "[Ejusdem] Contra conspiratorum consilia orationes duæ. Habitæ ... 5^o + Aug. et 5^o Nov., anno 1611, diebus regiæ liberationis a conspiratione + Govvrie, et tormentaria. Londini, 1612." + + "Ejusdem, Delineatio consilii brevissima: quam societati mercatorum + Belgarum Londini florentiss. commorantium consecrat A. R. Londini, + 1614." + + "[Greek: Ponêsis Christophorou tou Angelou], etc. At Oxford, 1617." + + "[The same]. Christopher Angell, who tasted of many stripes and + torments, inflicted by the Turkes for the faith which he had in Christ + Jesus. At Oxford, 1617." + + "[Ejusdem] Labor C. A. Græci. De apostasia ecclesiæ, et de homine + peccati scilicet Antichristo, etc. Gr. et Lat. Londini, 1624."[2] + + "Expositio mysteriorum misse et verus modus rite celebrandi. A + Guilhelmo de Gouda. Daventrie, 1504." + +Had I not already occupied so much space, I should have added an extract +from Angell's _Epistle in commendation of England and the Inhabitants +thereof_. He begins thus: + + "O faire like man, thou most fertill and pleasant countrie of England, + which art the head of the world, indued with those two faire eies, the + two Universities." + +BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM. + +[Footnote 1: "Valete tria animalia Religionis servæ, et in servitutem +nata."] + +Had your correspondent NOVUS, in his first communication, specified by name +the _Consilium Quorundam Episcoporum_ as the document whose fictitious +character he desired to notify, I should not have been betrayed into my +supererogatory vindication of the _Consilium Delectorum Cardinalium_; the +latter piece having lately been much before me, and its very extraordinary +frankness in acknowledging the existence of the gravest abuses, of which +the Reformers complained, giving it so much the air of satirical fiction. +The use of the other document, moreover, being chiefly in the hands of a +class of writers I am happy in not being able to boast a very extensive +acquaintance with, recent anti-papal controversialists, I certainly did +think that NOVUS had impugned the authenticity of the genuine _Consilium_. + +R. G. is mistaken in supposing that I thought there were _nine Cardinals_ +in the committee which drew up the genuine _Consilium_, as the full title +of this piece will show:--_Consilium novem Delectorum Cardinalium et +aliorum Prælatorum, de emendanda Ecclesia._ + +B. B. WOODWARD. + +Bungay, Suffolk. + + * * * * * + +LORD ROSEHILL. + +(Vol. ix., p. 422.) + +Something more than a partiality for the novelist takes me now and then to +the scene of the antiquary--Aberbrothock, or Arbroath. On one occasion, in +company with a few friends, we made a day of it in a ramble along the +romantic eastern coast of that burgh, and the scene of the perilous +incident related of Sir Arthur Lekiss Wardour, when rescued from the +incoming tide by being drawn up the face of the precipitous cliff by the +doughty Mucklebacket, under the superintendence of Oldbuck and young Lovel. +The fresh breeze from the German Ocean, and the excitement of the occasion, +imparted a keen relish for the locality and its associations; and by the +time we reached the hostelry of Mrs. Walker, at Auchmithie, a no less sharp +appreciation of the _piscatorial spread_ we had the foresight to bespeak +the previous day. Ushered into Lucky Walker's best dining-room, our +attention was immediately drawn to an aristocratic emblazonment of arms +which occupied one entire side of the room, with a ribbon, artistically +disposed over the same, upon which was inscribed Lord Rosehill, who was, we +were informed, the eldest son of the Earl of Northesk (Carnegie), a great +proprietor in that neighbourhood, and the special patron of our hostess and +her establishment. + +With respect to the particular Lord Rosehill, alluded to by your +correspondent W. D. R., I beg to offer him the following brief notice from +Douglas' _Peerage_, by Wood, Edin. 1813: + + "David L. Rosehill (son of Geo. 6th E. of Northesk) was born at Edin., + 5th April, 1749; had an Ensign's commission in the 26th Reg. Foot in + 1765; quitted the army 1767, and went to America. He married in + Maryland, in Aug. 1768, Miss Mary Cheer, and died without issue at + Rouen, in Normandy, 19 Feb. 1788, æt. 39." + +From a dear old lady, whom I always find a mine of Forfarshire anecdote of +the last century, I obtain some corroborative proof that the said David +{520} Lord Rosehill was the eccentric character we might infer from the +above, in the assurance that he was "a ne'er do weel, and ran away with the +tincklers (_i. e._ gypsies) in early life." + +If I may farther travel out of the record, allow me here to recommend to +such of your readers as meditate the northern tour this summer, to diverge +a little from the beaten track, and visit the neighbourhood above alluded +to; your antiquarian friends, especially, will be delighted with that fine +old ruin, the Abbey of Aberbrothock, now that it is brushed up and fit to +receive visitors. The worthy Mr. Peter, in charge, has some curious relics +acquired at the last diggins, and possesses a fragment of a black-letter +Chronicle to satisfy the incredulous that in identifying the objects +exhibited, he has his warrant in Hector Boece. The man of progress, too, +will find in Fairport, or Arbroath, a hive of industry; but, I regret to +add, threatened with a check by this closing of the Baltic trade, which is, +if I may say so, both _woof_ and _warp_ in the prosperity of this and other +towns on the east coast of Scotland. And lastly, the lovers of ocean, +rocks, and caves, will be not less interested with the environs, and I +doubt not all would leave it exclaiming with Johnson, that if they had seen +no more of old Scotia than Aberbrothock, they would not have regretted +their journey. + +J. O. + + * * * * * + +MAJOR ANDRÉ. + +(Vol. ix., p. 111.) + +On the 13th of January, 1817, Mr. Chappell made a report unfavourable to +the petition of John Paulding (one of the citizens who captured Major +André), who prays for an increase of the pension allowed to him by the +government in consequence of that service. On the question to reverse this +report, an interesting debate followed. + +We copy the following from the _National Intelligencer_, January 14, 1817: + + "What gave interest principally to the debate, was the disclosure by + Mr. Tallmadge of Connecticut (an officer at the time, and commanding + the advance guard when Major André was brought in) of his view of the + merit of this transaction, with which history and the records of the + country have made every man familiar. The value of the service he did + not deny; but on the authority of the declaration of Major André (made + while in the custody of Colonel Tallmadge), he gave it as his opinion + that, if Major André could have given to these men the amount they + demanded for his release, he never would have been hung as a spy, nor + in captivity on that occasion. Mr. T.'s statement was minutely + circumstantial, and given with expressions of his individual confidence + in its correctness. Among other circumstances he stated, that when + Major André's boots were taken off by them, it was to search for + plunder, and not to detect treason. These persons, indeed, he said, + were of that class of people who passed between both armies, as often + in one camp as the other, and whom, he said, if he had met with them, + he should probably as soon have apprehended as Major André, as he had + always made it a rule to do with these suspicious persons. The + conclusion to be drawn from the whole of Mr. Tallmadge's statement, of + which this is a brief abstract, was, that these persons had brought in + Major André only because they should probably get more for his + apprehension than for his release." + +The question on reversing the report was decided in the negative:--Ayes, +53; Noes, 80 or 90. + +It is proper to say that the question was decided on the ground taken in +the report, viz. on the injustice of legislating on a single case of +pension, whilst there were many survivors of the Revolution whom the favour +of the government had not distinguished. + +From _The Gleaner_, published at Wilkesbury, Pennsylvania (copied into the +_National Intelligencer_ of Washington, March 4, 1817): + + "The disclosure recently made by Colonel Tallmadge in the House of + Representatives, relative to the capture of Major André, seems to have + been received in every instance with the confidence to which it was + certainly entitled. That gentleman related what he saw and knew; and + those who are attempting to dispute him, relate only what they had been + informed of. To those of our readers who may not have seen the report + of Colonel Tallmadge's remarks, it may be proper to observe, that those + three men who captured Major André, applied to Congress for an increase + of pension settled on them by the government, and that when this + application was under consideration, Colonel Tallmadge (a member for + Connecticut) rose and stated, that having been the officer to whom the + care of André was entrusted, he had heard André declare that those men + robbed him, and upon his offer to reward them for taking him to the + British lines, he believes they declined only from the impossibility of + giving them sufficient security, &c., and that it was not patriotism + but the hope of gain which induced them to deliver him to the + Americans. To this declaration of Colonel Tallmadge, and in support of + his opinion, we are happy to have it in our power to offer the + following corroborating testimony. + + "There is now living in this town a gentleman who was an officer in the + Massachusets line, and who was particularly conversant in all the + circumstances of that transaction. It was this gentleman who, in + company with Captain Hughes, composed the special guard of André's + person, was with him during the last twenty-four hours of his life, and + supported him to the place of execution. From him we have received the + following particulars: it is needless to say we give them our implicit + belief, since to those who are acquainted with the person to whom we + allude, no other testimony is ever necessary than his simple + declaration. + + "To this gentleman André himself related that he was passing down a + hill, at the foot of which, under a tree, playing cards, were the three + men who took him. {521} They were close by the road side, and he had + approached very near them before either party discovered the other; + upon seeing him they instantly rose and seized their rifles. They + approached him and demanded who he was; he immediately answered that he + was a British officer, supposing, from their being so near the British + lines, that they belonged to that party. They then seized him, robbed + him of the few guineas which he had with him, and the two watches which + he then wore, one of gold and the other of silver. He offered to reward + them if they would take him to New York; they hesitated, and in his + (André's) opinion, the reason why they did not do so, was the + impossibility on his part to secure to them the performance of the + promise. + + "He informs also that it was an opinion too prevalent to admit of any + doubt, that these men were of that description of persons called 'cow + boys,' or those who, without being considered as belonging to either + party, made it a business to pillage from both. He has frequently heard + this opinion expressed at that time by several officers who were + personally acquainted with all these men, and who could not have been + mistaken in their general characters. + + "André frequently spoke of the kindness of the American officers, and + particularly of the attention of Major Tallmadge; and on the way to the + place of execution sent for that officer to come near him, that he + might learn the manner in which he was to die." + +Statement of Van Wart (from the _National Intelligencer_ of Feb. 25, 1817): + + "Isaac Van Wart, of the town of Mount Pleasant, in the county of + Westchester, being duly sworn, doth depose and say, that he is one of + the three persons who arrested Major André during the American + revolutionary war, and conducted him to the American camp. That he, + this deponent, together with David Williams and John Paulding, had + secreted themselves at the side of the highway, for the purpose of + detecting any person coming from, or having unlawful intercourse with, + the enemy, being between the two armies; a service not uncommon in + those times. That this deponent and his companions were armed with + muskets, and upon seeing Major André approach the place where they were + concealed, they rose and presented their muskets at him, and required + him to stop, which he did. He then asked them whether they belonged to + his party, and then they asked him which was his party? to which he + replied the lower party. Upon which they, deeming a little stratagem + under such circumstances not only justifiable but necessary, gave him + to understand that they were of his party, upon which he joyfully + declared himself to be a British officer, and told them that he had + been out upon very particular business. Having ascertained thus much, + this deponent and his companions undeceived him as to their characters, + declaring themselves to be Americans, and that he must consider himself + their prisoner. Upon this, with seeming unconcern, he said he had a + pass from General Arnold, which he exhibited, and then insisted on + their permitting him to proceed. But they told him that, as he had + confessed himself to be a British officer, they deemed it to be their + duty to convey him to the American camp; and then took him into a wood, + a short distance from the highway, in order to guard against being + surprised by parties of the enemy, who were frequently reconnoitering + in that neighbourhood. That when they had him in the wood they + proceeded to search him, for the purpose of ascertaining who and what + he was, and found inside of his stockings and boots, next to his bare + feet, papers which satisfied them he was a spy. Major André now showed + them his gold watch, and remarked that it was evidence of his being a + gentleman, and also promised to make them any reward they might name, + if they would but permit him to proceed, which they refused. He then + told them that if they doubted the fulfilment of his promise, they + might conceal him in some secret place, and keep him there until they + could send to New York and receive their reward. And this deponent + expressly declares, that every offer made by Major André to them was + promptly and resolutely refused. And, for himself, he solemnly declares + that he had not, and he does most sincerely believe that Paulding and + Williams had not, any intention of plundering their prisoner; nor did + they confer with each other, or even hesitate whether they should + accept his promise, but, on the contrary, they were, in the opinion of + this deponent, governed, like himself, by a deep interest in the cause + of the country, and a strong sense of duty. And this deponent further + says that he never visited the British camp, nor does he believe or + suspect that either Paulding or Williams ever did, except that Paulding + was, once before André's capture, and once afterwards, made a prisoner + by the British, as this deponent has been informed and believes. And + this deponent, for himself, expressly denies that he ever held any + unlawful traffic or any intercourse whatever with the enemy. And, + appealing solemnly to that omniscient Being, at whose tribunal he must + soon appear, he doth expressly declare that all accusations, charging + him therewith, are utterly untrue. + + ISAAC VAN WART. + + "Sworn this 28th day of January, 1817, + before Jacob Radcliff. + + "We the subscribers, inhabitants of the county of Westchester, do + certify that during the revolutionary war we were well acquainted with + Isaac Van Wart, David Williams, and John Paulding, who arrested Major + André; and that at no time during the revolutionary war was any + suspicion ever entertained by their neighbours or acquaintances, that + they, or either of them, held any undue intercourse with the enemy. On + the contrary, they were universally esteemed, and taken to be ardent + and faithful in the cause of the country. We further certify that the + said Paulding and Williams are not now resident among us, but that + Isaac Van Wart is a respectable freeholder of the town of Mount + Pleasant, that we are all well acquainted with him, and we do not + hesitate to declare our belief that there is not an individual in the + county of Westchester, acquainted with Isaac Van Wart, who would + hesitate to describe him as a man of a sober, moral, industrious, and + religious life, as a man whose integrity is as unimpeachable as his + veracity is undoubted. In {522} these respects no man in the county of + Westchester is his superior. + + Jonathan G. Tompkins, aged 81 years. + Jacob Purdy, 77. + John Odell, 60. + John Boyce, 72. + J. Requa, 59. + William Paulding, 81. + John Requa, 54. + Archer Read, 64. + George Comb, 72. + Gilbert Dean, 70. + Jonathan Odell, 87. + Cornelius Van Tassel, 71. + Thomas Boyce, 71. + Tunis Lint, 71. + Jacobus Dyckman, 68. + William Hammond. + John Romer." + +F. D. + +The following works furnish much that is interesting concerning Major +André:-- + +_An Authentic Narrative of the Causes which led to the Death of Major +André_, by Joshua Hett Smith, London, 1808. Printed for Matthews and Leigh, +18. Strand. + +_The Plot of Arnold and Sir Henry Clinton against the United States, and +against General Washington_, Paris, 1816. Printed by Didot the Elder. + +Niles' _Weekly Register for 1817_, vol. ii. p. 386. Printed at Baltimore. + +ANON. + + * * * * * + +THE TERMINATIONS "-BY" AND "-NESS." + +The linguistic origin of these descriptive syllables, when found as +suffixes to the names of places, is a question of some interest to the +antiquary and ethnologist; and, as to the former of them, has, on that +account, fitly enough been made the subject of occasional discussion in the +pages of "N. & Q." The _-by_, as your pages evince (Vol. vii., p. 536.), is +implicitly relied upon by Mr. Worsaae and his disciples, in support of the +Danish theory of that eminent northern scholar; and that too, as it +appears, without any very minute regard to the etymology and meaning of the +former syllabic divisions of proper names so characterised. If only the +designation of a locality end with _-by_, evidence sufficient is given, +that it owes its paternity specially to the Danes alone, of all the +Scandinavian tribes who obtained a permanent footing on our shores. The +same is the case with respect to the termination _-ness_, and its +orthographic varieties. As with the Ashbys, Newbys, and Kirbys of our +several counties, so (_inter alia_) with the Hackness of Yorkshire, the +Longness of Man, the Bowness of Westmoreland, and the Foulness of Essex. +All have the Danish mark upon them; and all, therefore, possess a Danish +original, and bear witness of a Danish location. + +With regard to the _-by_, I have already, in these pages, taken occasion to +suggest a doubt whether, in that particular instance, the Worsaaen theory +be not as fallacious as it is dogmatical. And, adopting the same method +with the _-ness_, I think it will be evident, on examination of the +following list of almost identical forms of the expression, that, as to +this point also, no argument can be founded upon it, one way or the other, +beyond the fact of its derivation from some of the Scandinavian tribes who, +in the fifth and succeeding centuries, established themselves on our +shores: if, indeed, I do not, even with this enlarged extension, assign to +the presence of the term in our topography a too restricted application. + +I have a list now before me of 521 places with this suffix, distributed +over twenty-five counties. It does not pretend to be complete; but as it +offers a more extended view of the question than in Vol. ix., p. 136., I +subjoin the results: + + Yorkshire 173 + Lincolnshire 163 + Leicestershire 49 + Norfolk 22 + Cumberland 21 + Westmoreland 18 + Northamptonshire 17 + Lancashire 14 + Nottinghamshire 14 + Suffolk and Derbyshire, 5 each 10 + Durham and Warwickshire, 3 each 6 + Essex and Isle of Man, 2 each 4 + Cardiganshire, Cheshire, Cornwall, Kent, Monmouthshire, + Northumberland, Pembrokeshire, Salop, and Wiltshire, 1 each 10 + --- + 521 + === + +Our termination _-ness_, then, is the old northern or Icelandic _nes_, the +parent of the Dan. _næs_, and the Ang.-Sax. _nese_ and _næs_, signifying "a +neck of land, or promontory." From this _nes_ came, naturally enough, the +old northern _naos_ or _nös_, whence the Dan. _næse_, the Germ. _nase_; the +Ang.-Sax. _nase_, _næse_, _nose_; the Norman-Fr. _naz_, and Su.-Goth. +_naese_ (in Al. and Sansc. _nasa_, and in Gall. _nes_); the Latin _nasus_, +and Eng. _nose_, or _nase_ as it is spelt by Gower in his _Conf. Am._ b. +v., "Both at mouth and at _nase_." Closely akin to the same word, and +probably derived from an identical source, is the old northern _nef_, +whence were formed the Vulg.-Isl. _nebbi_, the Dan. _neb_, and the +Ang.-Sax. _nebbe_ and _neb_ (in Pers. _anef_; in C. Tscherh. _ep_, in Curd. +_defin_), the beak or bill, the _neb_ or _nib_ of a bird; and also used of +the prominent feature of the human face divine, to which the term is +applied by Shakspeare and Bacon, as it is occasionally at the present day +by the older inhabitants of the Yorkshire dales. + +Thus have we the origin of our _nase_, _-nese_, _-ness_, _-nib_, _-nab_, +&c., which are found in the composition of many of our local proper names; +but, after looking over the foregoing paragraph, who can tell whether these +forms were transported to our shores in a Saxon, Jutish, Anglic, or Danish +bark? + +WM. MATTHEWS. + +Cowgill. + +{523} + +_The Termination "-by."_--Having gone over the remaining letters H to Z, I +send you the following results: + + Lincoln 94, in former list 65 Total 159 + York 41 " " 24 " 65 + Leicester 22 " " 21 " 43 + Norfolk 13 " " 6 " 19 + Notts 9 " " 2 " 11 + Cumberland 9 " " 7 " 16 + Lancaster 6 " " 2 " 8 + Westmoreland 5 " " 3 " 8 + Warwick 3 " " 0 " 3 + Northampton 3 " " 9 " 12 + Suffolk 3 " " 0 " 3 + Essex (Kirby-le-Soken) 1 " " 0 " 1 + Chester (West Kirby or Kirkby) 1 " " 0 " 1 + Pembroke (Tenby) 1 " " 0 " 1 + --- + 211 + === + Derby 2 " 2 + Sussex 1 " 1 + --- --- + 142 353 + === === + +I leave this for the study of others. + +B. H. C. + +As B. H. C. could only find seven places in Cumberland ending in _-by_, I +take the liberty of sending him a few additional names. Writing from +memory, I may very possibly have omitted many more: + + Aglionby. | Maughanby. + Allonby. | Melmerby. + Alwardby. | Moresby. + Arcleby. | Motherby. + Birkby. | Netherby. + Botcherby. | Ormesby. + Corby. | Ousby. + Crosby. | Outerby. + Cross Cannonby. | Parsonby. + Dovenby. | Ponsonby. + Etterby. | Rickerby. + Flimby. | Scaleby. + Gamelsby. | Scotby. + Glassonby. | Sowerby. + Harby. | Tarraby. + Harraby. | Thursby. + Ireby. | Uckmanby. + Johnby. | Uprightby, pronounced + Langwathby. | Heaverby. + Lazonby. | + +Many names of places in Cumberland commence with _Cum_, as our Cumbrian +bard has it: + + "We've Cumwhitton, Cumwhinton, Cumranton, + Cumrangen, Cumrew, and Cumcatch; + Wi' mony mair Cums i' the county, + But nane wi' Cumdivock can match." + +From whence is derived the prefix _Cum_? + +JOHN O' THE FORD. + +Malta. + + * * * * * + +NEWSPAPER FOLK LORE. + +(Vol. vi., pp. 221. 338. 466.; Vol. ix., pp. 29. 84. 276) + +Is it quite certain that "no animal can live in the alimentary canal but +the parasites which belong to that part of the animal economy?" Being +ignorant of the matter I give no opinion, but would bring before your +readers' notice the following seemingly well-authenticated instance. I +quote from _Insect Transformations_, 1830, p. 239., a work put forth by the +Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. + + "That insects are, in some rare cases, introduced into the human + stomach, has been more than once proved, though the greater number of + the accounts of such facts in medical books are too inaccurate to be + trusted.[3] But one extraordinary case has been completely + authenticated, both by medical men and competent naturalists, and is + published in the _Dublin Transactions_, by Dr. Pickells of Cork.[4] + Mary Riordan, aged twenty-eight, had been much affected by the death of + her mother, and at one of her many visits to the grave seems to have + partially lost her senses, having been found lying there on the morning + of a winter's day, and having been exposed to heavy rain during the + night. When she was about fifteen, two popular Catholic priests had + died, and she was told by some old women that if she would drink daily, + for a certain time, a quantity of water mixed with clay taken from + their graves, she would be for ever secure from disease and sin. + Following this absurd and disgusting prescription, she took from time + to time large quantities of the draught; some time afterwards, being + affected with a burning pain in the stomach (cardialgia), she began to + eat large pieces of chalk, which she sometimes also mixed with water + and drank. + + "Now, whether in any or in all these draughts she swallowed the eggs of + insects, cannot be affirmed; but for several years she continued to + throw up incredible numbers of grubs and maggots, chiefly of the + churchyard beetle (_Blaps mortisaga_). 'Of the larvæ of the beetle,' + says Dr. Pickells, 'I am sure I considerably underrate, when I say that + not less than 700 have been thrown up from the stomach at different + times since the commencement of my attendance. A great proportion were + destroyed by herself to avoid publicity; many, too, escaped immediately + by running into holes in the floor. Upwards of ninety were submitted to + Dr. Thomson's examination; nearly all of which, including two of the + specimens of the meal-worm (_Tenebrio molitor_), I saw myself thrown up + at different times. The average size was about an inch and a half in + length, and four lines and a half in girth. The larvæe of the dipterous + insect, though voided only about seven or eight times, according to her + account, came up almost literally in myriads. They were alive and + moving.' Altogether, Dr. Pickells saw nearly 2,000 grubs of the beetle, + and there were {524} many which he did not see. Mr. Clear, an + intelligent entomologist of Cork, kept some of them alive for more than + twelve months. Mr. S. Cooper cannot understand whence the continued + supply of the grubs was provided, seeing that larvæ do not propagate, + and that only one pupa and one perfect insect were voided[5]; but the + simple fact, that most beetles live several years in the state of + larvæ, sufficiently accounts for this. Their existing and thriving in + the stomach, too, will appear the less wonderful from the fact that it + is exceedingly difficult to kill this insect; for Mr. Henry Baker + repeatedly plunged one into spirits of wine, so fatal to most insects, + but it revived, even after being immersed a whole night, and afterwards + lived three years.[6] + + "That there was no deception on the part of the woman, is proved by the + fact that she was always anxious to conceal the circumstance; and that + it was only by accident that the medical gentlemen, Drs. Pickells, + Herrick, and Thomson, discovered it. Moreover, it does not appear that, + though poor, she ever took advantage of it to extort money. It is + interesting to learn that, by means of turpentine in large doses, she + was at length cured." + +EDWARD PEACOCK. + +Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey. + +[Footnote 2: In the _Bibliotheca Grenvilliana_ the tract _De Apostasia_ is +not included, although the compilers say, "The present is a _complete +Collection of his Tracts_, including the folding sheet."] + +[Footnote 3: See Good's _Nosologia_, _Helminthia Alvi_, and _Study of +Medicine_, vol. i. p. 336.] + +[Footnote 4: _Trans. of Assoc. Phys. in Ireland_, vols. iv. viii. and v. p. +177. 8vo: Dublin, 1824-1828.] + +[Footnote 5: Cooper's edition of Good's _Study of Medicine_, vol. i. p. +358.] + +[Footnote 6: _Philosophical Transactions_, No. 457.] + + * * * * * + +VENTILATION. + +(Vol. ix., p. 415.) + +"Airs from heaven or blasts from hell." + +The mistake which, it is very respectfully submitted, the professed +ventilationists fall into, and which may be considered the _fons et origo +malorum_, is the notion that foul air rises upwards, and that pure air +comes from below; which is just the reverse of the fact. + +In any room containing animals or vegetables, the air undergoes a change by +respiration. + +Leaving the vegetables to care for themselves, and considering the animals, +if such a title may be reverently given to members of the House and others +shut up in confined apartments for the benefit of their species, it is +obvious that the pure air of heaven must undergo a change by the +respiratory organs of the members, which change is absolutely necessary to +preserve their lives, and each such apartment is a manufactory for +converting pure into foul air. Its steam-power is seated in the lungs, +which, at each inspiration, take up the oxygen (the principle of life and +flame) of the air, and at each expiration give out the carbon of the blood, +conveyed by the veins from all parts of the body as refuse, and when purged +therefrom by oxygen inspired, convert the venous blood into arterial, and +bring life out of death. + +What, then, becomes of the expired carbon? The professional ventilationists +say it _ascends_, and they provide mechanically, but not scientifically, +accordingly. On the contrary, it finally _descends_; and this is the reason +why our beds are always a few feet above the floor. If proof is needed, it +may be found by applying a candle to the door, slightly ajar, of a room +occupied by a few persons, when it will be found that the flame of the +candle will point, when held at the lower part of the door, outwards, and +at the upper part of the door inwards, showing how the currents of air +pass; and as every one knows carbon to be heavier than air, the lower +current is the one charged with carbon. The _Grotto del Cane_ derives its +name from the fact, that a dog passing the stream of carbon issuing from +the fissure in the rock, dies; whilst a man walking erect, with his mouth +above the stream of carbon, escapes. Our lime-kilns furnish a common +example of the fact of the density of carbon compared with atmospheric air. +Experiments in proof are constantly exhibited in chemical lectures. + +The practical inference, _experto crede_, is that holes in the +skirting-boards should be made so as to draw off the foul air, whilst the +angelic visits of pure air should be sought from above. Bellows, such as +are used in diving-bells, with hot or cold air, might be necessary in an +extreme case--long debates in the Commons, for example,--which may require +extraordinary ventilation. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_History of Photographic Discovery._--Without entirely agreeing with the +opinion expressed to us a few days since, by an eminent scholar and most +original thinker, that photography was destined to change the face of the +whole world; we have little doubt it is destined to produce some striking +social effects. Its history is, therefore, an interesting one, and the +following extract from a paper "On some early Experiments in Photography, +being the substance of a Letter addressed to Robert Hunt, Esq., by the Rev. +J. B. Reade, M.A., F.R.S.," from the _Philosophical Magazine_ for May, +1854, seems, in that point of view, so important, that we have transferred +it to "N. & Q." + +"I may assume that you are already aware, from my letter to Mr. Brayley of +March 9, 1839, and published in the _British Review_ for August, 1847, that +the principal agents I employed, before Mr. Talbot's processes were known, +were infusion of galls as an accelerator, and hyposulphite of soda as a +fixer. + +"I have no doubt, though I have not a distinct recollection of the fact, +that I was led to use the infusion of galls from my knowledge of the early +experiments by Wedgwood. I was aware that he found _leather_ more sensitive +than _paper_; and it is highly probable that the tanning process, which +might cause the silver {525} solution to be more readily acted upon when +applied to the leather, suggested my application of the tanning solution to +paper. + +"In your own history of the photographic process," says Mr. Reade, +addressing Mr. Hunt, "you say, 'the discovery of the extraordinary property +of the gallic acid in increasing the sensibility of the iodide of silver +was the most valuable of the numerous contributions which Mr. Talbot has +made to the photographic art.' It is nevertheless true, as stated by Sir +David Brewster, that 'the first public use of the infusion of nut-galls, +which is an _essential element_ in Mr. Talbot's patented process, is due to +Mr. Reade;' and in my letter to Mr. Brayley I attribute the sensitiveness +of my process to the formation of a gallate or tannate of silver. I need +scarcely say, that among various experiments I tried gallic and tannic acid +in their pure state, both separately and mixed; but the colour of the +pictures thus obtained with the solar microscope was at that time less +pleasing to my eye, than the rich warm tone which the same acids produced +when in their natural connexion with solutions of vegetable matter in the +gall-nut. This organic combination, however, was more effective with the +solar microscope than with the camera, though the lenses of my camera were +five inches in diameter. It is probable enough that the richer tone was due +to the greater energy of direct solar rays. In using the solar microscope, +I employed a combination of lenses which produced a convergence of the +luminous and photogenic rays, together with a dispersion of the calorific +rays, and the consequent absence of all sensible heat enabled me to use +Ross's cemented powers, and to make drawings of objects inclosed in Canada +balsam, and of living animalcules in single drops of water. The method I +employed was communicated to the Royal Society in December, 1836, and a +notice of it is contained in the 'Abstracts.' + +"You inform me that some persons doubt whether I really obtain _gallate of +silver_ when using an infusion of gall-nuts, and that one of Mr. Talbot's +friends raises the question. It is sufficient to reply, that though gallic +acid is largely formed by a long exposure of an infusion of gall-nuts to +the atmosphere, as first proposed by Scheele, yet this acid does exist in +the gall-nut in its natural state, and in a sufficient quantity to form +gallate of silver as a photogenic agent; for M. Deyeux observes, that 'when +heat is very slowly applied to powdered gall-nuts, gallic acid sublimes +from them, a part of which, when the process is conducted with great care, +appears in the form of small white crystals.' M. Fiedler also obtained +gallic acid by mixing together a solution of gall-nuts and pure alumina, +which latter combines with the tannin and leaves the gallic acid free in +the solution; and this solution is found, on experiment, to produce very +admirable pictures. But what is more to the point, Mr. Brayley, in +explaining my process in his lectures, showed experimentally how gallate of +silver was formed, and confirmed my view of the sensitiveness of the +preparation. It is therefore certain that the use of gallate of silver as a +photogenic agent had been made public in two lectures by Mr. Brayley at +least two years before Mr. Talbot's patent was sealed. + +"I employed hyposulphite of soda as a fixer. Mr. Hodgson, an able practical +chemist at Apothecaries' Hall, assisted me in the preparation of this salt, +which at that time was probably not be found, as an article of sale, in any +chemist's shop in London. Sir John Herschel had previously announced the +peculiar action of this preparation of soda on salts of silver, but I +believe that I was the first to use it in the processes of photography. I +also used iodide of potassium, as appears from my letter, as a fixer, and I +employed it as well to form iodide of lead on glazed cards as an +accelerator. Iodide of lead has of itself, as I form it, considerable +photographic properties, and receives very fair impressions of plants, +lace, and drawings when placed upon it, but with the addition of nitrate of +silver and the infusion of galls the operation is perfect and +instantaneous. Pictures thus taken were exhibited at the Royal Society +before Mr. Talbot proposed his iodized paper. The microscopic photographs +exhibited at Lord Northampton's in 1839 remained in his lordship's +possession. I subsequently made drawings of sections of teeth; and one of +them, a longitudinal section of a tooth of the _Lamna_, was copied on zinc +by Mr. Lens Aldous for Owen's 'Odontography.' I may say this much as to my +own approximation to an art, which has deservedly and by universal consent +obtained the name of Talbotype." + +_Photographic Cautions._--Diffused light being one of the most common +causes of photographic failures, I beg to call the attention of your +readers to the construction of their cameras. Working with a friend, and +taking the same localities, using the same paper and chemicals, his +pictures have proved comparative failures, a general browning pervading the +whole, evidently the effect of light. Every inspection failed to discover +it, until the mode was adopted of putting one of the paper-holders in its +position as for taking a picture, then removing the lens, and, with the aid +of the focussing-bag, looking through the hole where the lens is applied, +when light became visible in many spaces, entirely accounting for these +failures. As many such cameras are now becoming made upon the same sliding +construction, every one should test his apparatus before he commences, for +such a one is entirely useless. Lately also the glass corners for collodion +plate-holders in the dark slides, have been by some makers replaced by a +sort of silver _looking_ wire, but possessing little of that metal. The +most minute portion of the copper in this wire coming in contact with the +excited collodion, produces a decomposition sufficient to spoil any +picture. These may appear trivial things to "make a note of," but as they +have caused much vexation to one who has had some photographic experience, +they may still more perplex a novice; and as you have done so much towards +making the science plain, I hope you will give them space in your +forthcoming Number. + +LUX IN CAMERA. + +_A Query respecting Collodion._--I have been making some collodion by Mr. +Tery's process, and have iodized it with a very sensitive medium. The +collodion is very clear and properly diluted. The ether I used had a very +powerful smell of sulphur, and was likewise very strong and volatile. I +diluted it with an equal {526} volume of alcohol. The ether was then still +very strong. The cotton dissolved freely. On mixing the iodizing medium, +the colour of the collodion turns immediately to nearly a port-wine colour, +but still remains very clear. I obtain a very good film of iodide of silver +from the bath, but cannot produce a picture under five or seven minutes, +whereas with the same lens, and the same iodizing medium, viz. + + Alcohol 8 drms. + Iodide of potassium 8 grs. + Iodide of ammonium 4 grs. + Iodide of silver ½ gr. + +I have obtained beautiful pictures in less than one second with collodion +prepared by the same (Archer's) process. As I have made a quantity of it, +and am unwilling it should be wasted, I have taken the liberty of asking +your opinion on the subject. Do you think the collodion is too new, or the +ether not good? On pouring the developing solution on the plate +(protosulphate of iron), the plate has the appearance of having ink poured +on it; but this appearance is removed on the application of the +hyposulphite of soda, and the plate remains as clear as when it was taken +from the nitrate of silver bath. + +J. COOK. + +_The Céroléine Process._--Have any of your photographic correspondents made +such experiments on the céroléine process as to enable them to communicate +the results to "N. & Q."? + +Is Mr. Crooke's process for preserving the sensitiveness of collodion +applicable to all collodions? If not, what collodion is best suited for it? + +SILEX. + +_Mr. Fox Talbot's Patents._---The injunction moved for by Mr. Fox Talbot, +as reported in _The Times_ of Saturday last, reminds us of a Query which we +have been sometimes asked, and which may just now be brought forward with +advantage, namely: If Mr. Talbot's patents extend to the collodion process, +how comes it that the earliest practisers of the collodion art had to make +their own researches? We know one skilful photographer whose experiments +were so extensive before he made any tolerable pictures, that his spoiled +glass and cuttings were more than a man could lift. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_The Olympic Plain_ (Vol. ix., p. 270.).--I have just seen, in examining +the contents of a German periodical, that in May, 1853, a proposal was +submitted to the public by Professor Ross, of the University of Halle, for +setting on foot a subscription to defray the expense of making excavations +in Olympia, thus anticipating, by nearly a year, a recent suggestion to the +same effect in "N. & Q." Professor Ross expatiates at considerable length +(see _Jahrbücher für Philologie und Pädagogik_, vol. lxviii. p. 203.) on +the advantages to be derived, as regards the arts, the literature, and the +history of Greece, from the exploration of so celebrated a spot; but, +notwithstanding all his arguments and eloquence, the amount of the +subscriptions, after the lapse of nine months, only amounted, in February, +1854, to about 38l. As this sum was so utterly inadequate for the object +intended, it was resolved to devote it to excavations in Mykenæ. Professor +Ross takes occasion to pay a high tribute of praise to Lord Aberdeen, for +the service rendered by his Lordship in discovering the treasury at Mykenæ. +The facilities at Olympia for carrying on excavations are stated by +Professor Ross to be very great. It is but a few miles distant from the +sea, on the banks of a navigable river, and opposite to the very populous +island of Zante; so that workmen, and means, and helps of all kinds can +easily be procured. It was intended to give the superintendence of the +excavations to Professor Alexander Rizo Rangabe, of the University of +Athens, who was to be supplied with an adequate staff of artists, &c. +Whatever discoveries might be made, were to become the property of the +Greek nation. Travellers were to be permitted to visit the excavations +during their progress, and to see all that was going on; and it was thought +that a considerable number might be attracted to the spot, as the Austrian +steamers convey passengers weekly in three or four days from Trieste to the +western coast of the Morea. + +J. MACRAY. + +_Encyclopædia of Indexes, or Table of Contents_ (Vol. ix., p. 371.).--Your +correspondent THINKS I TO MYSELF inquires respecting the desirableness and +practicability of forming an "Encyclopædia of Indexes, or Tables of +Contents." It was to meet this want (which is very commonly felt) that the +publication of the _Cyclopædia Bibliographica_ was undertaken. The work has +met your approval, and I have the pleasure of announcing that the volume +will be completed on June 1. I think it will meet the desire of your +correspondent and many others, who, "in reading up on any subject, wish to +know whether any author treats upon it, without being obliged to examine +his works, at a great expense of time and labour." + +JAMES DARLING. + +"_One New Year's Day_" (Vol. ix., p. 467.).--The lines quoted by MR. +SKYRING are the opening lines of an old ballad, entitled "Richard of +Taunton Dean, or Dumble Dum Deary." It may be found in _Ancient Poems, +Ballads, and Songs of the Peasantry of England_, edited (for the Percy +Society) by J. H. Dixon, Esq., who says: + + "This song is very popular with the country people in every part of + England, but more particularly so with the inhabitants of Somerset, + Devon, and Cornwall. There are many different versions." + +In the notes to his volume, Mr. Dixon mentions two Irish versions of this +ballad, communicated to him by T. C. Croker, Esq., one of which, entitled +"Last New Year's Day," is almost _verbatim_ with {527} the English ballad. +The other version (which is given by Mr. D.) is entitled "Dicky of +Ballyman." + +J. K. R. W. + + [This reference renders it unnecessary to insert the versions kindly + supplied by E. L. H. and J. A.] + +_Unregistered Proverbs_ (Vol. ix., p. 235.).--The following I find among +the poor parishioners of Tor-Mohun in Devonshire, and they were new to me. +In answer to some remarks of mine on the necessary infirmities of old age, +one of them replied, "You cannot have two forenoons in the same day." And +on another occasion, in answer to my saying that something _ought_ to be +done, although it was not, there came, "_Oughts_ are nothings unless +they've strokes to them." + +WM. FRASER, B.C.L. + +_Orange Blossoms_ (Vol. viii., p. 341.; Vol. ix., p. 386.).--I have seen it +stated that the use of these flowers at bridals was derived from the +Saracens, or at least from the East, and that they were thus employed as +emblems of fecundity. + +WM. FRASER, B.C.L. + +_Peculiar Use of the Word "Pure"_ (Vol. viii., p. 125.).--Your +correspondent is evidently not a Gloucestershire man. The word _pure_ is +commonly used in that county to express being in good health. I remember an +amusing instance, which occurred many years ago. A gentleman, a friend of +mine, who resided in an establishment where young ladies were educated, was +met one day by an honest farmer; who, after inquiring kindly for his own +health, said with equal good nature and simplicity, "I hope, Zur, the +ladies be all _pure_." + +GLOUCESTRENSIS. + +_Worm in Books_ (Vol. viii., p. 412.).--ALETHIS is presented with the +following recipe from a very curious old French book of receipts and +secrets for everything connected with arts and trades. Put some powdered +colocynth into a phial, and cover the mouth with parchment pierced with +holes. With this the books should be powdered, and from time to time beaten +to drive out the powder, when the same process must be repeated. + +F. C. H. + +_Chapel Sunday_ (Vol. vii., p. 527.).--Not having received an answer to my +Query of the origin of the celebration of Chapel Sunday in the Lake +district, I would venture a surmise which some Cumbrian antiquary will +perhaps correct, if wrong. I take it to be the day in honour of the patron +saint of the chapel: and now, when such festivals are little observed, it +has been changed to the nearest Sunday. In this thinly populated district, +and where, from its mountainous and rugged character, travelling before the +formation of the present good roads was neither agreeable nor (probably) +safe, "at chapel" was the only time many of the inhabitants saw each other. +Meeting, therefore, on so auspicious a day as that of the patron saint, +might in "merrie time" of old induce a little festivity. + +PRESTONIENSIS. + +_Bishop Inglis of Nova Scotia_ (Vol. vii., p. 263.).--According to a short +biography in the _Documentary History of New York_, vol. iii. p. 1066., +this prelate was born A.D. 1734. His birth-place is not mentioned. Some +letters and other writings by him may be found in the fourth volume of the +same work. + +UNEDA. + +Philadelphia. + +_Gutta Percha made soluble_ (Vol. ix., p. 350.).--E. B. can procure at any +chemist's establishment a solution of gutta percha in chloroform, which may +answer the purpose required by him. It is used by medical men as a dressing +for abrasion in the skin of bed-ridden persons, and is applied with a +camel's-hair brush. It hardens on being applied, and produces an artificial +skin, which saves the patient from farther suffering in the place to which +it has been applied. + +EXPERTO CREDE. + +Naphtha will render gutta percha soluble; and if needed to be used as a +varnish, it is only necessary to make a solution in a closed vessel, and +apply it with a brush. The naphtha will evaporate and leave a thin coating +of firmly-adhering gutta percha behind. + +SHIRLEY HIBBERD. + +_Impe_ (Vol. viii., pp. 443. 623.).--This epithet has been much discussed, +but I think that no reference has been made to the following remarkable +instances of its application. + +In the Beauchamp Chapel at St. Mary's Warwick is the altar-tomb and effigy +of the infant son of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, with a long +inscription, which begins: + + "Heere resteth the body of the noble impe Robert of Dudley, Baronet of + Denbigh, sonne of Robert, Erle of Leycester, nephew and heire unto + Ambrose, Erle of Warwike." + +In a letter from Edinburgh, dated 5th November, 1578, John Aleyn to the +Bishop of Carlisle, writes of "the goodly young Imp their King," who was +afterwards our James I.; and the Earl of Shrewsbury in 1585 writes of "my +wife and her imps," the lady being his energetic Countess Elizabeth +Hardwick, widow of Sir William Cavendish. (See Lodge's _Illustrations of +British History_, vol. ii. pp. 135. 275.) + +R. A. + +Melford. + +"_Bothy_" (Vol. ix., p. 305.).--For a very complete account of "the Bothy +system" in Scotland, see the able and interesting pamphlet of the Rev. +Harry Stuart: _Agricultural Labourers as they were, are, and should be_ +(Blackwood). + +W. C. TREVELYAN. + +{528} + +_Work on Ants_ (Vol. ix., p. 303.).--I presume that the work for which +[Sigma]. inquires is, _Recherches sur les Moeurs des Fourmis indigènes_, +par P. Huber, Paris, 1810.[7] + +[Greek: Halieus.] + +Dublin. + +[Footnote 7: [Our correspondent [Sigma]. begs us to acknowledge the favour +of the communication of [Greek: Halieus], but his inquiry "on the habits of +ants" is by an author, a M. Hauhart, and of a much later date than Huber's. +He is informed it is to be found in the Transactions of the University of +Basle in Switzerland, published with this title, _Die Zeitschrift der +Basler Hochschule_, 1825, p. 62; but he has not been successful in +obtaining a sight of that work.]] + +_Jacobite Garters_ (Vol. viii., p. 586.).--I have lately seen a +watch-ribbon, or perhaps garter, with a Jacobite inscription in white +letters somewhat like that described by E. L. J., but only about half the +length. The middle stripe was red between two blue ones, and yellow edges; +there was no attempt at a plaid. The owner had no tradition about it, as +connected with any particular incident in Prince Charles' career. + +P. P. + +"_The Three Pigeons_" (Vol. ix., p. 423.).--I think Washington Irving, in +his _Life of Goldsmith_, satisfactorily explains the origin of the song in +_She Stoops to Conquer_, which your correspondent G. TAYLOR supposes was +suggested by the inn at Brentford, mentioned by DR. RIMBAULT. The American +biographer says that Goldsmith and his companion Bryanton + + "Got up a country club at the inn at Ballymahon, of which Goldsmith + soon became the oracle and prime wit; astonishing his unlettered + associates by his learning, and being considered capital at a song and + story. From the rustic conviviality of the inn at Ballymahon, and the + company which used to assemble there, it is surmised that he took some + hints in afterlife for his picturing of Tony Lumpkin and his + associates, 'Dick Muggins the exciseman, Jack Slang the horse doctor, + Little Aminadab that grinds the music-box, and Tom Twist that spins the + pewter-platter.' Nay, it is thought that Tony's drinking-song at the + 'Three Jolly Pigeons' was but a revival of one of the convivial catches + at Ballymahon." + +And the author farther remarks, that + + "Though Goldsmith ultimately rose to associate with birds of a finer + feather, his heart would still yearn in secret after the 'Three Jolly + Pigeons.'" + +If this be correct, as it most likely is, the song referred to, and the +scene it illustrates, were not suggested by the inn at Brentford. + +B. M. + +Philadelphia. + +The alehouse situate at Lishoy in Ireland, where Goldsmith's father was +vicar, was, no doubt, "The Three Pigeons" of _She Stoops to Conquer_. There +is a sketch of it in the _Tourist's Handbook for Ireland_, p. 175. The +author refers to Mr. John Forster's _Life of Goldsmith_, which I have not +at hand. + +THOMPSON COOPER. + +Cambridge. + +_Corporation Enactments_ (Vol. ix., p. 300.).--It is an easy, but generally +an unsafe thing to quote from quotations. ABHBA should have referred to +_The Dublin Penny Journal_, vol. i. p. 226., for his extracts from the Town +Books of the Corporation of Youghal, co. Cork; and, even then, might have +made farther reference to Crofton Croker's _Researches in the South of +Ireland_, p. 160., whence the paragraph (unacknowledged) was introduced +into _The Dublin Penny Journal_. Mr. Croker, moreover, fell into error with +respect to the dates of these curious enactments, which were long +antecedent to 1680 and 1703. I have seen them in the original (Book A), and +vouch for the accuracy of the subjoined: + + "1613-14. Thomas Geoffry made a freeman (being a barber), on condition + that he should trim every freeman for sixpence per ann. + + "1622. John Bayly made free, on condition to dress the dinners of the + several Mayors." + +I may give you some farther extracts from a MS. Note Book relative to this +corporation at a future period. + +SAMUEL HAYMAN, Clk. + +South Abbey, Youghal. + +_The Passion of our Lord dramatised_ (Vol. ix., p. 373.).--A drama on the +_Passion of Christ_ (the first specimen of the kind that has descended to +our days) is attributed to St. Gregory of Nazianzum, but is more probably +the production of Gregory of Antioch (A.D. 572). It is described by most of +the ecclesiastical writers: Tillemont, Baillet, Baronius, Bellarmin, Dupin, +Vossius, Rivet, Labbæus, Ceillier, Fleury, &c. + +In 1486, when _La Mistère de la Passion_, or the Passion of our Saviour, +was exhibited at Antwerp, the beholders were astonished by _five_ different +scaffolds, each having several stages rising perpendicularly: paradise was +the most elevated, and it had two stages. But even this display was +eclipsed by another exhibition of _The Passion_, where no fewer than _nine_ +scaffolds were displayed to the wondering gaze of the people. + +In 1556, according to Strype (_Life of Sir Thos. Pope_, Pref. p. vii.), the +_Passion of Christ_ was represented at the Grey Friers in London, on Corpus +Christi Day, before the Lord Mayor, the Privy Council, and many great +persons of the realm. Again, the same historian informs us (_Ecclesiastical +Memorials_, iii. c. xlix.) under the date 1557: + + "The _Passion of Christ_ was acted at the Grey Friers on the day that + war was proclaimed against France, and in honour of that occasion." + +{529} + +It is generally considered that the last miracle play represented in +England was that of _Christ's Passion_, in the reign of James I., which +Prynne informs us was-- + + "Performed at Elie House in Holborne, when Gondomar lay there, on Good + Friday at night, at which there were thousands present." + +Busby's idea, "that the manner of reciting and singing in the theatres +formed the original model of the Church service," is as absurd as it is +untenable. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +It is said that Apollonarius of Laodicea (A.D. 362), and Gregory of +Nazianzum not much later, dramatised our Lord's Passion. Many, however, +regard the _Christus Patiens_, ascribed to Gregory, as spurious. The +Passion of our Lord was represented in the Coliseum at Rome as much as six +centuries ago. The subject was a favourite one in Italy. In France, "The +Fraternity of the Passion of our Saviour" received letters patent from +Charles VI. in 1402. Their object was to perform moralities or mysteries, +_i. e._ plays on sacred subjects. In 1486, the Chapter of the Church at +Lyons gave sixty livres to those who had played the mystery of the Passion +of our Lord Jesus Christ. In 1518, Francis I. confirmed by letters patent +the privileges of the Confrères de la Passion: one of their pieces, +reprinted in 1541, is entitled _Le Mystère de la Passion de N. S. J. C._ +The same subject was common in Spain and Germany. In England the Coventry +mysteries, &c. partook of the same character. The Cotton MS. (Vespasian, b. +viii.) and the Chester Whitsun plays (Harleian MS. 2013.) would probably +afford information which I cannot now give. So late as 1640, Sandys wrote a +tragedy, on a plan furnished by Grotius, upon Christ's Passion. A little +research would give H. P. a number of similar facts. + +B. H. C. + +If your correspondent wishes for authority for the fact of our blessed +Lord's Passion being dramatised, he will find an example in Gregor. Naz., +the _editio princ._ of which I have before me, entitled [Greek: Christos +paschôn], Rom. 1542. + +J. C. J. + +See the true account and explanation of the service of the Passion, in +Cardinal Wiseman's _Lectures on the Offices of Holy Week_, 1854, 8vo., +Dolman. + +W. B. T. + +_Hardman's Account of Waterloo_ (Vol. ix., pp. 176. 355.).--Lieutenant +Samuel Hardman was present with the 7th Hussars at the cavalry actions of +Sahagun (Dec. 21, 1808) and Benevente (Dec. 29, 1808), previous to his +appointment, May 19, 1813, as Cornet, Royal Waggon Train, "from +serjeant-major, 7th Light Dragoons." I was in error in stating that he was +appointed "Lieutenant and Adjutant, Dec. 15, 1814, in the 10th Hussars, _in +which he had commenced his military career_." The 10th and 15th Hussars +were in action at Sahagun and Benevente, but Mr. Hardman never served in +the 10th Hussars until December 1814. + +Query, Why is Sahagun not to be found on the appointments of the 10th +Hussars, as well as on those of the 15th Hussars, as both regiments were +engaged with the enemy on that occasion? + +G. L. S. + +_Aristotle_ (Vol. ix., p. 373.).--See Aristotle's _Ethics_, bk. v. ch. iv. + +B. H. C. + +_Papyrus_ (Vol. ix., p. 222.).--If R. H. means the growing plant, it is to +be found in most botanical gardens. + +P. P. + +_Bell at Rouen_ (Vol. viii., p. 448.; Vol. ix., p. 233.).--A portion of the +great George d'Ambois is preserved in the Museum of Antiquities at Rouen, +where I saw it four years ago. + +CPL. + +_Word-minting_ (Vol. ix., pp. 151. 335.).--Your correspondent J. A. H. +cannot have seen Richardson's _Dictionary_, where he will find the word +_derangement_, in the sense of madness, illustrated by an instance from +Paley, _Evidences_, prop. 2. + +CPL. + +_Coleridge's Christabel_ (Vol. vii., pp. 206. 292.; Vol. viii., pp. 11. +111.; Vol. ix., p. 455.).--My Query relative to Christabel (Vol. vii., p. +292.) seems to have been lost sight of, and has not as yet received a +reply. Will you kindly permit me to renew it? + +In the _European Magazine_ for April, 1815, there appeared a poem entitled +"Christobell: a Gothic tale. Written as a sequel to a beautiful legend of a +fair lady and her father, deceived by a witch in the guise of a noble +knight's daughter." It is dated "March, 1815," and signed "V.," and was +reprinted in _Fraser's Magazine_ for January, 1835. It commences thus: + + "Whence comes the wavering light which falls + On Langdale's lonely Chapel-walls? + The noble mother of Christobell + Lies in that lone and drear chapelle." + +Query, What is known of the history and authorship of this poem? + +It will be observed from the dates, that the _sequel_ appeared in print +before Christabel was published by Coleridge. + +J. M. B. + +_Garrick's Funeral Epigram_ (Vol. vii., p. 619.).--Bishop Horne was, I +believe, the author of these verses; at least I have seen them in a volume +published by him, entitled (I think) _Miscellanies_: and I think they are +stated to be his in Jones' _Life of Horne_. But I have neither work at this +moment before me to refer to. + +GEO. E. FRERE. + +Roydon Hall, Diss. + +{530} + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the +gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are +given for that purpose: + +THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND MAGAZINE. Vol. XXI. 1846. In good order, and in the +cloth case. + + Wanted by the _Rev. B. H. Blacker_, 11. Pembroke Road, Dublin. + +THE TRIALS OF ROBERT POWELL, EDWARD BURCH, AND MATTHEW MARTIN, FOR FORGERY, +AT THE OLD BAILEY. London. 8vo. 1771. + + Wanted by _J. N. 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W. _will find the line_-- + + "Men are but children of a larger growth" + +_in Dryden's_ All for Love, _Act IV. Sc. 1_. + +[Delta]. _Has our Correspondent consulted the Rev. J. Blunt's_ Vestiges of +Ancient Customs and Manners in Modern Italy and Sicily, 8vo. 1823? + +H. EDWARDS. _The epithet referred to is an obvious corruption of an +extremely coarse one, formerly applied to all who refused to wear the +oak-apple on the 29th of May._ + +TOM KING. Monsieur Tonson _was written by the late John Taylor, the +well-known editor of_ The Sun, _and will be found in the collection of his +poems_. + +LOCCAN. Bâtman, _from Fr._ bât, _hence corrupted into_ bawman, _an +officer's servant_. + +I. R. R. _Valentine Schindler, a learned German, was born at Oedern, in +Misnia, and became professor of the Oriental languages at Wittemberg, and +at Helmstadt, where he died in 1611.--Rodrigo Sanchez de Arevalo, Lat._ +Rodericus Sanctius, _a learned Spanish prelate, was born in 1404. He was +successively promoted to the bishoprics of Zamora, Calahorra, and Palencia. +He died in 1470._ + +W. S., A TOPOGRAPHER, AND P. B. _For a person to be eligible to the +"Antiquarian Photographic Club," he must be a Fellow of the Royal or +Antiquarian Societies, or a member of the Royal Institution, and be +unanimously elected. This rule, after much consideration, was decided by +its promoters. A few others than Photographers are admitted, who join the +excursions, and are required to furnish the notes, historical and literary, +of the spots visited._ + +H. H. (Glasgow) _is thanked for the kind manner in which he speaks of our +services to photography_. + +L. L. _However imperfect the specimens of your skill, we shall be glad to +receive them. If all who, like you, have benefited by the photographic +articles which have appeared in our columns, would send us, in +acknowledgment, some of their productions, our portfolio would be better +filled than it is._ + +ERRATUM. 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Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age £ s. d. | Age £ s. d. + 17 1 14 4 | 32 2 10 8 + 22 1 18 8 | 37 2 18 6 + 27 2 4 5 | 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +{532} + +This Day, with Woodcuts, fcp. 8vo., 5s. + +THE OLD PRINTER AND THE MODERN PRESS, in relation to the important subject +of CHEAP POPULAR LITERATURE. By CHARLES KNIGHT. + +Also, by the same Author, 2 vols. fcp. 8vo., 10s. + +ONCE UPON A TIME. + + "The old bees die, the young possess the hive."--_Shakspeare._ + + "They relate to all manner of topics--old folks, old manners, old + books; and take them all in all, they make up as charming a pair of + volumes as we have seen for many a long day."--_Fraser's Magazine._ + + "'Once upon a Time' is worth possessing."--_Examiner._ + + "This varied, pleasant, and informing collection of + Essays."--_Spectator._ + + "Mr. Charles Knight's entertaining little work is full of various + knowledge agreeably told."--_Quarterly Review._ + + "This pleasant gallery of popular antiquarianism."--_John Bull._ + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +MURRAY'S RAILWAY READING. + +Now ready, 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., 8s. + +ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES:" Being a Selection from the Literary Papers which +have appeared in that Journal, reprinted by permission. + + CONTENTS: + Vol. I. + Nelson and Lady Hamilton. + Railway Novels. + Louis-Philippe and his Family. + John Howard. + Drama of the French Revolution. + Lord Holland's Reminiscences. + Robert Southey. + Dean Swift--Stella and Vanessa. + Reminiscences of Coleridge. + John Keats. + Grote's History of Greece. + Literature of the Rail. + Vol. II. + Lord Coke. + Discoveries at Nineveh. + Lord Mansfield. + Lion Hunting in Africa. + Jeremy Taylor. + Lord Clarendon and his Friends. + John Sterling. + Autobiography of a Chartist. + Americans in England. + Francis Chantrey. + Career of Lord Langdale. + Afghanistan. + The Greek Revolution. + Dickens and Thackeray. + +*** Each Volume may be had separately. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +NEW WORK BY SIR DAVID BREWSTER. + +This Day. fcp. 8vo., 6s. + +MORE WORLDS THAN ONE; the CREED of the PHILOSOPHER and the HOPE of the +CHRISTIAN. 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DELAMOTTE, +will be given in + +THE HOME COMPANION, + +No. XXIV., + +Which will be a DOUBLE NUMBER (32 Pages), without increase of price. + +As none will be printed beyond the usual number, unless ordered previous to +the day of publication, immediate orders should be given to any Bookseller. + +London: WM. S. ORR & CO., Amen Corner. + + * * * * * + + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE and HISTORICAL REVIEW for JUNE, contains the +following articles:--1. Leaves from a Russian Parterre. 2. History of Latin +Christianity. 3. Our Lady of Montserrat. 4. Memorials of Amelia Opie. 5. +Mansion of the Dennis Family at Pucklechurch, with an Illustration. 6. The +Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: A Plea +for the threatened City Churches--The British Museum Library--The late +Master of Sherburn Hospital--Original Letter and Anecdotes of Admiral +Vernon, &c. With Notes of the Month, Historical and Miscellaneous Reviews, +Reports of Antiquarian and Literary Societies, Historical Chronicle, and +OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the Duke of Parma, the Marquis of Anglesey, +the Earl of Lichfield, Lord Colborne, Lord Cockburn, John Davies Gilbert, +Esq., T. P. Halsey, Esq., Alderman Thompson, Alderman Hooper. Dr. Wardlaw, +Dr. Collyer, Professors Jameson and Wilson, Montgomery the Poet, &c. &c. +Price 2s. 6d. + +NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street. + + * * * * * + + +HER MAJESTY'S CONCERT ROOMS, HANOVER SQUARE. + +THE ROYAL SOCIETY + +OF + +FEMALE MUSICIANS, + +_Established 1839, for the Relief of its distressed Members._ + +_Patroness_: Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. _Vice-Patronesses_: Her +Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Her Royal Highness the Duchess of +Cambridge. + +On WEDNESDAY EVENING, JUNE 14, 1854, will be performed, for the Benefit of +this Institution, A MISCELLANEOUS CONCERT of Vocal and Instrumental Music. + +_Vocal Performers_--Miss Birch, Miss Dolby, Miss Pyne, Miss Helen Taylor, +Mrs. Noble, and Miss Louisa Pyne. Madame Persiani. Madame Caradori, Madame +Therese Tanda, and Madame Clara Novello. Signor Gardoni. Mr. H. R. Allen, +Mr. Lawler, and Signor Belletti. + +In the Course of the Concert, the Gentlemen of the Abbey Glee Club will +sing two favourite Glees. + +_Instrumentalists_--Pianoforte, M. Emile Prudent; Violin, M. Remenyi; +Violoncello, M. Van Gelder, Solo Violoncellist to His Majesty the King of +Holland. + +THE BAND will be complete in every Department--_Conductor_, Mr. W. +Sterndale Bennett. + +The Doors will be opened at Seven o'Clock, and the Concert will commence at +Eight precisely. + +Tickets, Half-a-Guinea each. Reserved Seats, One Guinea each. An Honorary +Subscriber of One Guinea annually, or of Ten Guineas at One Payment (which +shall be considered a Life Subscription), will be entitled to Two Tickets +of Admission, or One for Reserved Seat, to every Benefit Concert given by +the Society. Donations and Subscriptions will be thankfully received, and +Tickets delivered, by the Secretary, + +MR. J. W. HOLLAND, 13. Macclesfield, St., Soho; and at all the Principal +Music-sellers. + + * * * * * + + +AN ENGLISH GENTLEMAN, well acquainted with French and German, and of some +experience in translating, is desirous of employing his leisure time in the +translation of some popular work from either of those languages into +English. Address, MR. BURTON, H. W. WHITE'S, ESQ., Leutram House, +Inverness. + + * * * * * + + +ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER ALE.--MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP & SONS beg to inform the +TRADE that they are now registering Orders for the March Brewings of their +PALE ALE in Casks of 18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY, +Burton-on-Trent; and at the under-mentioned Branch Establishments: + + LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City. + LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street. + MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place. + DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree. + GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street. + DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay. + BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall. + SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol. + +MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE +FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly recommended by the Medical +Profession, may be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES GENUINE from all the +most RESPECTABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on "ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being +specially asked for. + +When in bottle, the genuineness of the label can be ascertained by its +having "ALLSOPP & SONS" written across it. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 3. +1854. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 240, June 3, +1854, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42818 *** |