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diff --git a/42412-h/42412-h.htm b/42412-h/42412-h.htm index 6ab3d9a..8dd2149 100644 --- a/42412-h/42412-h.htm +++ b/42412-h/42412-h.htm @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of Blackwood's, No. 401, March 1849, by Various. @@ -155,49 +155,7 @@ font-size: 80%; padding: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em; text-align: left;} </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, No. 401, -March 1849, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, No. 401, March 1849 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: March 25, 2013 [EBook #42412] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE, MARCH 1849 *** - - - - -Produced by Brendan OConnor, Jonathan Ingram, JoAnn -Greenwood, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team -at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Library of Early -Journals.) - - - - - - -</pre> - - - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42412 ***</div> <h1>BLACKWOOD'S EDINBURGH MAGAZINE.</h1> @@ -230,7 +188,7 @@ EDINBURGH MAGAZINE.</h1> <td class="tdl"><a href="#THE_GREEN_HAND"><span class="smcap">The Green Hand.—A "Short" Yarn. Part II.</span></a>,</td> <td class="tdr">314</td></tr> <tr> -<td class="tdl"><a href="#MERIMEES_HISTORY_OF_PETER_THE_CRUEL20"><span class="smcap">Mérimée's History of Peter the Cruel</span></a>,</td> +<td class="tdl"><a href="#MERIMEES_HISTORY_OF_PETER_THE_CRUEL20"><span class="smcap">Mérimée's History of Peter the Cruel</span></a>,</td> <td class="tdr">337</td></tr> <tr> <td class="tdl"><a href="#THE_OPENING_OF_THE_SESSION"><span class="smcap">The Opening of the Session</span></a>,</td> @@ -527,7 +485,7 @@ wisdom from its fixed and voiceless life! To what new sciences has this study led the way! Botany never wearies in gathering and classifying; -and of modern giants, Linnæus, and +and of modern giants, Linnæus, and Jussieu, and Decandolle, and Brown, and Lindley, and Hooker, and Schleiden, have given their best years to @@ -617,7 +575,7 @@ arts are expending their strength in promoting her cause.</p> <p>On meteorology, which studies the -aërial meteors—registers, tabulates, +aërial meteors—registers, tabulates, and gives even a local habitation and a form to winds, hurricanes, and typhoons—the progress of the navigator @@ -1021,7 +979,7 @@ it will be his interest, at once, and his pride, to introduce into his adopted land!</p> -<p>How would the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Scriptores Rei Rusticæ</i> +<p>How would the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Scriptores Rei Rusticæ</i> have gained in usefulness in their own time, how immensely in interest in ours, had they been accompanied @@ -1066,7 +1024,7 @@ of the book. It was said of Columella, by Matthew Gessner, that he discoursed "non ut argumentum simplex quod discere amat, dicendo obscuret, -sed ut clarissimâ luce perfundat +sed ut clarissimâ luce perfundat omnia." Such, the reader feels, must have been the aim of the author of this book. In his descriptions, nothing @@ -1403,7 +1361,7 @@ in this country, it is a native of Sweden; the Italian name <i>Navoni di Laponia</i> intimates an origin in Lapland, and the French names <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Chou de Lapone</i>, <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Chou de -Suède</i>, indicate an uncertain origin. Sir +Suède</i>, indicate an uncertain origin. Sir John Sinclair says, 'I am informed that the swedes were first introduced into Scotland <i>anno</i> 1781-2, on the recommendation @@ -1788,7 +1746,7 @@ season, will make the loss amount to 5400 lbs. of live weight; or, according to the common rules of computation, 3240 lbs., or 231 stones, of dead weight at 6s. -the stone, £69, 6s.—a sum equal to more +the stone, £69, 6s.—a sum equal to more than five times the wages received by the cattle-man. The question, then, resolves itself into this—whether it is not for @@ -2396,9 +2354,9 @@ successfully cultivated. Not only does it ripen in the Orkney and Shetland and Faroe Islands, but on the shores of the White Sea; and near the North -Cape, in north latitude 70°, it thrives +Cape, in north latitude 70°, it thrives and yields nourishment to the inhabitants. -In Iceland, in latitude 63° to 66° +In Iceland, in latitude 63° to 66° north, it ceases to ripen, not because the temperature is too low, but because rains fall at an unseasonable time, and @@ -2692,8 +2650,8 @@ nearly in the dark to check sportiveness. They are not bled during the time they are fed, and a lump of chalk is placed within their reach. They are fed from 4 -to 6 weeks, when they fetch from £3 to -£4 a-piece; and it is found more profitable +to 6 weeks, when they fetch from £3 to +£4 a-piece; and it is found more profitable to fatten the larger number of calves for that time, to succeed each other, of from 25 lb. to 30 lb. per quarter, than to force @@ -2744,7 +2702,7 @@ by our friend Professor Norton, of Yale College, (may his shadow never be less!) so well known and esteemed in Scotland, where he obtained -the Highland Society's £50 prize +the Highland Society's £50 prize for a chemical examination of our native oat, which was published in their Transactions. He is a worthy @@ -2900,7 +2858,7 @@ of the country. It is upon the aspect of affairs in Paris, then, and all its numerous conflicting elements, that observation must still be directed, in -order to make a <i>résumé</i>, as far as it +order to make a <i>résumé</i>, as far as it is practicable, of this sum-total of a year's republican rule. The account must necessarily be, more or less, a @@ -2928,7 +2886,7 @@ and pure republicans in the anomalous Republic of France, as exemplified by that revolutionary movement which, although it led to no better result -than a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">révolution avortée</i>, takes its +than a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">révolution avortée</i>, takes its date in the history of the Republic beside the more troublous one of May, and the more bloody one of June, as @@ -3002,7 +2960,7 @@ resistance. The garden of the Tuileries was closed to the public, and exhibited an armed array once more among its leafless trees; the Champs -Elysées had again become a camp +Elysées had again become a camp and a bivouac; cannon was again posted around the National Assembly. Formidable military posts surrounded @@ -3111,7 +3069,7 @@ by a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">coup-de-main</i>, and seizing the reins of power into their own hands at once. This conspiracy was affiliated together, in its various branches, -by those formidable <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">sociétés secrètes</i>, +by those formidable <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">sociétés secrètes</i>, which, long organised, had been again called into service by the persevering activity of the party, not @@ -3212,13 +3170,13 @@ lectureship of M. Louis Blanc, and his noble friend the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">soi-disant ouvrier</i> Albert. Chiefs of the clubs bore them company in their incarceration; and -the ex-Count D'Alton Shee, the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">ex-élégant</i> +the ex-Count D'Alton Shee, the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">ex-élégant</i> of the fashionable <i>salons</i> of Paris, but now the socialist-atheist and anarchist, suffered the same penalty of his actions as leading member -of the club "<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">De la Solidarité -Républicaine</i>." Turbulent officers of the +of the club "<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">De la Solidarité +Républicaine</i>." Turbulent officers of the Garde Mobile underwent a similar fate. Even the national guard was not spared in the person of one of its @@ -3259,8 +3217,8 @@ to expect from the tender mercies of its pitiless enemies, had they succeeded in their will; what was the <i>programme</i> of a new Red-republican -rule—a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">comité du salut public</i>, the -<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">régime</i> of the <i>guillotine</i>, the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">épuration</i> +rule—a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">comité du salut public</i>, the +<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">régime</i> of the <i>guillotine</i>, the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">épuration</i> of suspected aristocrats, the confiscation of the property of emigrants, a tax of three <i>milliards</i> upon the rich, a @@ -3381,7 +3339,7 @@ have chosen to hold themselves back from any participation in the governmental posts, which they have otherwise coveted and fatally intrigued for, -as if they had an <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">arrière-pensée</i> of +as if they had an <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">arrière-pensée</i> of better and more congenial opportunities in store, and whose reliance in this respect seems equivocal; and it @@ -3469,7 +3427,7 @@ by universal suffrage. They assume the attitudes of <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">sauveurs de la patrie</i>; and in the next breath they declare that <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">patrie traitre</i> to itself. -They vaunt themselves to be the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">élus +They vaunt themselves to be the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">élus de la nation</i>; and they openly express their repugnance to meet again, as candidates for the new legislative assembly, @@ -3516,7 +3474,7 @@ clinging to place and power—they more than once expected a triumph for themselves in a declaration of the Assembly's permanence, with the -secret hope, <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">en arrière pensée</i>, of finding +secret hope, <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">en arrière pensée</i>, of finding fair cause for that insurrection by which alone they would fully profit, if a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">coup-de-main</i> were to be attempted @@ -3548,7 +3506,7 @@ acrimony. Part of all this system of denunciation, recrimination, and acrimonious accusation, belongs, it is true, to their assumed character as the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">dramatis -personæ</i> of an imaginary Convention. +personæ</i> of an imaginary Convention. They have their cherished models of old, to copy which is their task, and their glory; the dramatic @@ -3743,7 +3701,7 @@ and which had come down as usual from the faubourgs, ever ripe for tumult—"the sublime manifestation of the heroic people." Propositions -couched in furious language, for "<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">enquêtes +couched in furious language, for "<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">enquêtes parlementaires</i>," and for the "<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">mise en accusation des ministres</i>"—every possible means of denunciation @@ -3782,7 +3740,7 @@ which, after all, dazzled only a comparatively small minority—but because he was supposed to represent the principle opposed to republicanism—opposed -to the very <i>régime</i> he +to the very <i>régime</i> he was elected to support—opposed to that spirit of which the man who had once saved the country from anarchy, @@ -4038,7 +3996,7 @@ true republicans, in the "honest" designation of the term, have certainly every reason to raise an angry clamour; if sedition to the existing -<i>régime</i> of the country is not openly +<i>régime</i> of the country is not openly practised, it is, at all events, openly and generally expressed. Nor are their accusations brought against the @@ -4127,7 +4085,7 @@ prophets have long since thrown up the trade of oracle-giving in despair; and the tripod of the oracle has been left to the occupation of the chances -of the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">imprévu</i>. In spite, then, of the +of the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">imprévu</i>. In spite, then, of the temporary reassurance of peace given by the last measures of the government, which have been denounced by @@ -4197,7 +4155,7 @@ deriding laughter, which hail it nightly in crowded houses, not so much from the boxes as from the galleries thronged with types of the "people"—"<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Elle -boîte! elle boîte!</i>" Republicans may +boîte! elle boîte!</i>" Republicans may thus clamour against the culpable laxity of a government, which permits these much-applauded attacks upon @@ -4225,11 +4183,11 @@ sum-total, and cast them up as they please, or deduce what value they may from the amount of the first year of new republicanism in France. -Another question. What <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">fêtes</i> are to +Another question. What <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">fêtes</i> are to greet the anniversaries of the "glorious" days of the "glorious" revolution which established a "glorious" -Republic? Assuredly the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">fête</i> will +Republic? Assuredly the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">fête</i> will not be in the people's hearts: no, not even in the hearts of those whom their mis-named, self-appointed friends @@ -4499,7 +4457,7 @@ towards me a paper filled with Squills' memoranda, and said, "Now to find the unknown quantity. What on earth is this? 'Supposed value of -books, £750.' Oh, father! this is impossible. +books, £750.' Oh, father! this is impossible. I was prepared for anything but that. Your books—they are your life!"<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[289]</a></span></p> @@ -4775,7 +4733,7 @@ stunned and bewildered.</p> "that as yet we are contending with monsters in the dark—in the dark all monsters look larger and uglier. -Even Augustus Cæsar, though certainly +Even Augustus Cæsar, though certainly he had never scrupled to make as many ghosts as suited his convenience, did not like the chance of a @@ -4851,7 +4809,7 @@ which is naturally little more than sixty, is nearly a hundred? Do you know, sir, that your mucous membranes are in a state of high irritation, -apparent by the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">papillæ</i> at the tip of +apparent by the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">papillæ</i> at the tip of your tongue? And if, with a pulse like this, and a tongue like that, you think of settling money matters with a set of @@ -5335,7 +5293,7 @@ to tug so completely out of poor Sir Sedley's ordinary course of small and polished small-talk, that that charming personage, accustomed, -as he well deserved, to be Coryphæus +as he well deserved, to be Coryphæus at his own table, was completely silenced. With his light reading, his rich stores of anecdote, his good-humoured @@ -5620,7 +5578,7 @@ few weeks. And as for shareholders, my dear Caxton, I was once teased into being a shareholder in a canal that ran through my property, and -ultimately ran off with £30,000 of it! +ultimately ran off with £30,000 of it! The other shareholders were all drowned in the canal, like Pharaoh and his hosts in the Red Sea. But @@ -5917,9 +5875,9 @@ could extract in the way of just contribution from the least unsubstantial of those shadows called the shareholders—my father's fortune was reduced -to little more than £8000, which +to little more than £8000, which being placed at mortgage, at 4 per -cent, yielded just £372, 10s. a-year—enough +cent, yielded just £372, 10s. a-year—enough for my father to live upon, but not enough to afford also his son Pisistratus the advantages of education @@ -6645,7 +6603,7 @@ with, but not to work with; it has no hand that holds the plough, or strikes upon the anvil.</p> -<p>The <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Système des Contradictions Economiques</i> +<p>The <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Système des Contradictions Economiques</i> may lay claim to the same sort of praise we have accorded to the <i>Political Justice</i>: it prompts reflection; @@ -6798,17 +6756,17 @@ attempt to translate it: the English language does not easily mould itself to nonsense of this sort:—"Qu'est-ce donc que le travail? Nul encore ne -l'a défini. Le travail est l'émission -de l'esprit. Travailler, c'est dépenser +l'a défini. Le travail est l'émission +de l'esprit. Travailler, c'est dépenser <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[307]</a></span> sa vie; travailler, en un mot, c'est se -dévouer, c'est mourir. Que les utopistes -ne nous parlent plus de dévoûment: -c'est le travail, exprimé et -mesuré par ses œuvres."—(Vol. ii., +dévouer, c'est mourir. Que les utopistes +ne nous parlent plus de dévoûment: +c'est le travail, exprimé et +mesuré par ses œuvres."—(Vol. ii., p. 465.) Labour needed to be defined, it seemed; and this is the definition, -"L'émission de l'esprit!" And +"L'émission de l'esprit!" And in play, then, as well as in work, is there no emission of the spirits, or mind, or life of the man? Did M. @@ -6823,24 +6781,24 @@ the more it violates common sense, the more tenderly he clings to it, cherishes, and vaunts it. This, doubtless, is one of his favourite children. -His celebrated aphorism, "La Propriété +His celebrated aphorism, "La Propriété c'est le vol,"—he contradicts it himself in every page of his writings, yet boasts and cherishes it as his greatest possession, and the most remarkable discovery of the age. "La -définition de la propriété," he says, in +définition de la propriété," he says, in answer to a sarcasm of M. Michelet, "est mienne, et toute mon ambition est de prouver que j'en ai compris le -sens et l'étendue. <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">La propriété c'est +sens et l'étendue. <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">La propriété c'est le vol!</i> il ne se dit pas, en mille ans, -deux mots comme celui-là. Je n'ai -d'autre bien sur la terre que cette définition -de la propriété: mais je la -tiens plus précieuse que les millions +deux mots comme celui-là . Je n'ai +d'autre bien sur la terre que cette définition +de la propriété: mais je la +tiens plus précieuse que les millions des Rothschild, et j'ose dire qu'elle -sera l'évènement le plus considérable +sera l'évènement le plus considérable du gouvernement de Louis-Philippe."—(Vol. ii., p. 328.)</p> @@ -6879,11 +6837,11 @@ to both.</p> <p>After alluding to some of his own "contradictions," he says, "Tel est encore -le problème de la divisibilité de la -matière à l'infini, que Kant a démontré -pouvoir être nié et affirmé, -tour-à-tour, par des arguments également -plausibles et irréfutables."—(Vol. +le problème de la divisibilité de la +matière à l'infini, que Kant a démontré +pouvoir être nié et affirmé, +tour-à -tour, par des arguments également +plausibles et irréfutables."—(Vol. i. p. 43.) It is the object of Kant, in one of the most striking portions of the <i>Critique of Pure Reason</i>, to show @@ -7515,19 +7473,19 @@ perceive, or more forcibly state, the intimate connexion that lies between property and marriage. "Mais, c'est surtout dans la famille que se decouvre -le sens profond de la propriété. -La famille et la propriété marchent -de front, appuyées l'une sur l'autre, +le sens profond de la propriété. +La famille et la propriété marchent +de front, appuyées l'une sur l'autre, n'ayant l'une et l'autre de signification, et de valeur, que par le rapport qui les -unit. Avec la propriété commence -le rôle de la femme. Le ménage—cette -chose toute idéale, et que l'on s'efforce -en vain de rendre ridicule—le ménage +unit. Avec la propriété commence +le rôle de la femme. Le ménage—cette +chose toute idéale, et que l'on s'efforce +en vain de rendre ridicule—le ménage est le royaume de la femme, le monument -de la famille. Otez le ménage, +de la famille. Otez le ménage, otez cette pierre du foyer, centre d'attraction -des époux, il reste des couples, +des époux, il reste des couples, il n'y a plus de familles."—(Vol. ii. 253.)</p> @@ -7641,7 +7599,7 @@ construction of society—that they have not learned more of the mystery concealed under the famous paradox that has been blown about by all the -winds of heaven—<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">la propriété c'est le +winds of heaven—<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">la propriété c'est le vol!</i>—we can only say that we have not learned more ourselves. Moreover, we are fully persuaded he has @@ -7905,7 +7863,7 @@ Is it one of your stories?" "Well, your ladyship, 'tis a bit of a yarn, no doubt, and some'at of a cur'ous one." "Oh!" said another of the captain's -fair protégées, "I <em>do</em> love these 'yarns,' +fair protégées, "I <em>do</em> love these 'yarns,' as you call them; they are so expressive, so—and all that sort of thing!" "Nonsense, my love," said her mother; @@ -8242,7 +8200,7 @@ that you alluded to a short time ago?" "I didn't to say disactly include upon it, your ladyship," replied old Jacobs, with a tug of his hair, and a bow not -just <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">à la maître</i>; "but the captain can +just <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">à la maître</i>; "but the captain can give you it better nor I can, seeing as his honur were the Nero on it, as one may say." "Oh!" said the surgeon, @@ -9298,7 +9256,7 @@ evening,—</p> <div class="cpoem1"><div class="stanza"> <span class="i0">"'La li ta la, ta perisi,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">La na comalay ah sahm-rè,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">La na comalay ah sahm-rè,<br /></span> <span class="i0">Madna, ca—rahm<br /></span> <span class="i0">Ram li ta, co-ca-la lir jhi!<br /></span> <span class="i0">La li ta la, vanga-la ta perisi.'"<br /></span> @@ -9407,7 +9365,7 @@ got—pah! Baud coontree, too much i-cold, sah 'b?" "Curse the rascal's impudence," I thought, but I asked him if he wasn't going back. "Yis, -sah 'b, <i>such baht</i><a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a> A-il-alàh! Mohummud +sah 'b, <i>such baht</i><a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a> A-il-alà h! Mohummud <i>burra Meer-kea</i>. Bote too much i-smell <em>my</em> coontree." "When are you going?" I asked carelessly. @@ -10428,7 +10386,7 @@ night it is before the ladies retire."</p> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[337]</a></span></p> <h2><a name="MERIMEES_HISTORY_OF_PETER_THE_CRUEL20" id="MERIMEES_HISTORY_OF_PETER_THE_CRUEL20"></a> -MÉRIMÉE'S HISTORY OF PETER THE CRUEL.<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a> +MÉRIMÉE'S HISTORY OF PETER THE CRUEL.<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a> <a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a></h2> @@ -10440,7 +10398,7 @@ the Black Prince for an ally and companion in arms, must be worthy the researches even of so elegant a scholar and learned an antiquarian as Prosper -Mérimée. When the nations are engrossed +Mérimée. When the nations are engrossed by their difficulties and disasters, and the jarring discord of revolution and thundering crash of @@ -10449,7 +10407,7 @@ history of a semi-barbarous period, and of a king now five hundred years in his grave, should be set forth with surpassing talent to attract and sustain -attention. But M. Mérimée is +attention. But M. Mérimée is the literary Midas of his day and country: the subject he handles becomes bright and precious by the @@ -10466,8 +10424,8 @@ happy in his selection of a period rich in dramatic incident and fascinating details; and of these he has made the utmost profit. In a previous paper, -we quoted M. Mérimée's profession of -faith in matters of ancient and mediæval +we quoted M. Mérimée's profession of +faith in matters of ancient and mediæval history. In his preface to the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Chronique de Charles IX.</i>, he avowed his predilection for anecdotes and personal @@ -10544,7 +10502,7 @@ of towns, exasperated by the evils inflicted on them, frequently rose in arms, and exercised bloody reprisals. A contemporary author, -quoted at length by M. Mérimée, represents +quoted at length by M. Mérimée, represents the nobility as living by plunder, and abetted by the king's guardians. Certain towns refused to acknowledge @@ -10620,7 +10578,7 @@ the Saracen.</p> left behind him one legitimate son, Don Pedro—who at his father's death was fifteen years old, and whose -mother, Doña Maria, was a Portuguese +mother, Doña Maria, was a Portuguese princess—and ten bastards, a daughter and nine sons, children of his mistress Leonora de Guzman. In @@ -10657,7 +10615,7 @@ were designated, by public opinion, to take the chief direction of affairs: these were—Juan Alonzo de Alburquerque, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[340]</a></span> -and Juan Nuñez de Lara. +and Juan Nuñez de Lara. The former, a Portuguese by birth, but holding vast estates in Spain, had stood beside Don Alphonso during his @@ -10751,7 +10709,7 @@ her as a prison. When informed, a few hours subsequently, of the trick that had been played them, the queen-mother and Alburquerque were furious. -Doña Leonora was sent into strict +Doña Leonora was sent into strict confinement, in the castle of Carmona. "As to the Count Don Henry, he was on his guard, and did not wait his @@ -10781,7 +10739,7 @@ Don Juan de Lara and his nephew been suddenly carried off by the prevailing <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[341]</a></span> epidemic. "At any other moment," -M. Mérimée remarks, "the premature +M. Mérimée remarks, "the premature death of these two men would doubtless have thrown odious suspicions on their adversaries. But in no @@ -10840,9 +10798,9 @@ certain Don Pedro had no cognisance of it. Doubtless the queen had exacted from Alburquerque the sacrifice of her rival, who was no longer protected by the -pity of Juan Nuñez de Lara. 'Many persons,' +pity of Juan Nuñez de Lara. 'Many persons,' says Pero Lopez de Ayala, a Spanish -chronicler whom M. Mérimée has taken +chronicler whom M. Mérimée has taken as one of his principal authorities, and whose trustworthiness, impugned by modern authors, he ably vindicates in his @@ -10878,7 +10836,7 @@ mission, and brought Don Tello to Palencia. Instructed by his guide, the youth hastened to kiss his brother's hand. 'Don Tello,' said the king, 'do you know that -your mother, Doña Leonora, is dead?' +your mother, Doña Leonora, is dead?' 'Sire,' replied the boy-courtier, 'I have no other mother or father than your good favour.'"</p></blockquote> @@ -10940,7 +10898,7 @@ by the king and his mother. Alburquerque had quarters in another part of the town. Thus Burgos contained four camps; and it seemed, says M. -Mérimée, as if all the factions in the +Mérimée, as if all the factions in the kingdom had taken rendezvous there, to settle their differences.</p> @@ -11005,7 +10963,7 @@ castles and fortified places belonging to Coronel, which surrendered without serious resistance—excepting that of Burguillos, whose commander, Juan -de Cañedo, a liege man of Coronel, +de Cañedo, a liege man of Coronel, made an obstinate defence. Taken alive, his hands were cut off by the cruel victors. Some months afterwards, @@ -11072,16 +11030,16 @@ part. Fearing a rival, he wished an ally, or rather a slave. He chose for the king, and blundered egregiously. He thought to have found the person best -suited to his designs, in Doña Maria de +suited to his designs, in Doña Maria de Padilla, a young girl of noble birth, -brought up in the house of his wife, Doña +brought up in the house of his wife, Doña Isabel de Meneses. She was an orphan, issue of a noble family, formerly attached to the Lara faction, and ruined by the last civil wars. Her brother and uncle, poor and ambitious, lent themselves, it was said, to the degrading bargain. Persuaded -that Doña Maria, brought up in +that Doña Maria, brought up in his family, would always consider him as a master, Alburquerque directed Don Pedro's attention to her, and himself facilitated @@ -11128,7 +11086,7 @@ was made. He produced three witnesses of the marriage—the fourth, Juan de Hinestrosa, was then dead—who positively swore it had taken -place in their presence. M. Mérimée, +place in their presence. M. Mérimée, examines the question minutely, quoting various writers on the subject, and discussing it <i>pro</i> and <i>con</i>; one of his @@ -11262,7 +11220,7 @@ and by two of his most confidential gentlemen. Regular relays were in waiting, and he slept that night at sixteen long leagues from Valladolid. -The next day Doña Maria met him +The next day Doña Maria met him at Puebla de Montalvan. This strange and indecent escapade was simultaneous with a complete transfer of the @@ -11280,7 +11238,7 @@ your chancellor from your birth. He has always loyally served you, as he served the late king your father. For you he exposed himself to great perils, -when Doña Leonora de Guzman, and +when Doña Leonora de Guzman, and her faction, had all power in the kingdom. My master is still ignorant of the crimes imputed to him: make them @@ -11339,7 +11297,7 @@ account. This perfidy of the bastards was perfectly in keeping with the character of the age. "To characterise the fourteenth century in Spain by its -most prevalent vice," says M. Mérimée, +most prevalent vice," says M. Mérimée, "one should cite, in my opinion, neither brutality of manners, nor rapacity, nor violence. The most prominent @@ -11490,7 +11448,7 @@ interested many in his behalf. The Cortes, which he summoned at Burgos, a few days after his escape, granted all his demands of men and money. -M. Mérimée thinks it probable the +M. Mérimée thinks it probable the commons obtained from him, in return, an extension of their privileges and franchises; but this is mere conjecture, @@ -11663,7 +11621,7 @@ in the last troubles had taken part with the bastards, risked himself at a postern, holding in his arms a child of twelve or thirteen years, natural -son of King Alphonso and of Doña +son of King Alphonso and of Doña Leonora. Recognising the king by his armour, he called to him and said—'Sire! grant me pardon, and I hasten @@ -11711,7 +11669,7 @@ reign, and to glance at a tithe of the remarkable events and striking incidents his biographer has so industriously and tastefully assembled. -M. Mérimée's work does not bear +M. Mérimée's work does not bear condensing in a review; indeed, it is itself a condensation: an ordinary writer would have spread the same @@ -11739,7 +11697,7 @@ and the transmission through many generations, have frequently greatly distorted facts. Amongst the numerous objects of his fickle passion was -Doña Aldonza Coronel, who, after +Doña Aldonza Coronel, who, after some show of resistance, and taking refuge for a while in a convent where her sister was nun, showed herself @@ -11749,7 +11707,7 @@ Aldonza her sister Maria, widow of Juan de la Cerda, whom Pedro had put to death. The people of Seville the Beautiful still believe and tell -how "Doña Maria, chaste as lovely, +how "Doña Maria, chaste as lovely, indignantly repulsed the king's addresses. But in vain did she oppose the gratings of the convent of St @@ -11783,14 +11741,14 @@ him fly in terror, by declaring herself afflicted with leprosy. 'On <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[350]</a></span> her body, which has been miraculously -preserved,' says Zuñiga, 'are +preserved,' says Zuñiga, 'are still visible the traces of the burning liquid, and assuredly it may with good reason be deemed the body of a saint.'<a name="FNanchor_28_28" id="FNanchor_28_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a> I have dwelt upon this legend, unknown to the contemporary -authors," adds M. Mérimée, "to give +authors," adds M. Mérimée, "to give an idea of the transformation Don Pedro's history has undergone at the hands of tradition, and of the poetical @@ -11866,7 +11824,7 @@ unfortunately renewed in the seventeenth century, is still to be seen at Seville, in the street of the Candilejo, which takes its name, according to -Zuñiga, from the lamp by whose light +Zuñiga, from the lamp by whose light the duel was fought. Condemned at his own tribunal, we need not wonder at the lenity of his sentence, more @@ -11929,7 +11887,7 @@ proved fruitless. The ballad makes free with fact, and sacrifices truth to poetry. It was dramatically correct that the mistress should instigate the -wife's death. "Be not so sad, Doña +wife's death. "Be not so sad, Doña Maria de Padilla," says the king; "if I married twice, it was for your advantage, and to show my contempt @@ -11937,7 +11895,7 @@ for this Blanche of Bourbon. I send her to Medina Sidonia, to work me a banner—the ground, colour of her blood, the embroidery, of her tears. -This banner, Doña Maria, I will have +This banner, Doña Maria, I will have it made for you:" and forthwith the ruthless arbalister departs, after a knight had refused to do the felon deed. @@ -11958,7 +11916,7 @@ The exact manner of her death seems uncertain, although Ayala agrees with the ballad, and most subsequent historians have followed his version. -M. Mérimée is disposed to exculpate +M. Mérimée is disposed to exculpate Pedro, alleging the complete inutility of the murder, and that ten years of captivity and ill treatment were @@ -12043,7 +12001,7 @@ he could not draw. Pursued by the arbalisters, he ran to and fro in the court, avoiding their blows, but unable to get his sword out. At last one of the -king's guards, named Nuño Fernandez, +king's guards, named Nuño Fernandez, struck him on the head with his mace, and knocked him down; and the three others immediately showered their blows @@ -12076,7 +12034,7 @@ One of these, connected with a singularly romantic incident, is attested by Alonzo Martinez de Talavera, chaplain of John II. of Castile, -a chronicler M. Mérimée is disposed +a chronicler M. Mérimée is disposed to hold in high esteem. In one of his campaigns against his rebellious brethren and their Arragonese allies, @@ -12118,7 +12076,7 @@ his eyes, answered the Moors by throwing them his sword, wherewith to slay the child. This action, which procured the governor of Tarifa the surname of -Guzman the Good, was a <i>fazaña</i> (an +Guzman the Good, was a <i>fazaña</i> (an exploit)—one of those heroic precedents which everyman of honour was bound to imitate. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Permittitur homicidium @@ -12192,7 +12150,7 @@ this proceeded from the taxes, whose collection was intrusted to him, and was about to be paid into the king's exchequer. There is reason to believe, -adds M. Mérimée, that Levi, +adds M. Mérimée, that Levi, like Jacques Cœur a century later, was the victim of the ignorance and cupidity of a master he had faithfully @@ -12267,7 +12225,7 @@ of an army. The English footsoldiers, on the other hand, had already achieved a brilliant reputation. "Armed with tall bows of yew," says M. -Mérimée, "they sheltered themselves +Mérimée, "they sheltered themselves behind pointed stakes planted in the ground, and, thus protected against cavalry, let fly arrows an ell long, @@ -12291,7 +12249,7 @@ crushed the hosts of France. Sir Thomas Felton, seneschal of Guyenne, was attacked, when at a considerable distance from the English army, near -Ariñiz, two leagues from Vitoria, by +Ariñiz, two leagues from Vitoria, by more than three thousand French gendarmes and Spanish light horse.</p> @@ -12310,7 +12268,7 @@ His comrades, closing round their banner, defended themselves, for several hours, with the courage of despair. At last the adventurers, headed by the Marshal d'Audeneham -and the Bègue de Vilaines, dismounted, +and the Bègue de Vilaines, dismounted, and, forming column, broke the English phalanx, whilst the Spanish cavalry charged it in rear. All were slain @@ -12319,7 +12277,7 @@ resistance of this scanty band of Englishmen struck even their enemies with admiration. The memory of Felton's glorious defeat is preserved in the province, where -is still shown, near Ariñiz, the hillock +is still shown, near Ariñiz, the hillock upon which, after fighting an entire day, he fell, covered with wounds. It is called, in the language of the country, <i>Ingles-mendi</i>, @@ -12358,7 +12316,7 @@ enemy were in no haste to attack. Only a day or two previously, Don Henry had assembled his captains in council of war, "to communicate to -them," says M. Mérimée, "a letter +them," says M. Mérimée, "a letter the King of France had written him, urging him not to tempt fortune by risking a battle against so able a @@ -12415,7 +12373,7 @@ of God and St George!"</p> <p>We will not diminish, by extract or <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_356" id="Page_356">[356]</a></span> abridgment, the pleasure of those of -our readers who may peruse M. Mérimée's +our readers who may peruse M. Mérimée's masterly and picturesque account of the battle, whose triumphant termination was tarnished by an act @@ -12429,7 +12387,7 @@ the track of the fugitive foe. At last, exhausted by fatigue, he was returning to the camp, when he met a Gascon knight bringing back as prisoner -Iñigo Lopez Orozco, once an intimate +Iñigo Lopez Orozco, once an intimate of the king's, but who had abandoned him after his flight from Burgos. In spite of the efforts of the Gascon to @@ -12462,11 +12420,11 @@ charged by him to examine the dead and the prisoners came to make their report, he asked in the Gascon dialect, which he habitually spoke: '<i>E lo bort, -es mort ó pres?</i> And the Bastard, is he +es mort ó pres?</i> And the Bastard, is he killed or taken?' The answer was, that he had disappeared from the field of battle, and that all trace of him -was lost. '<i>Non ay res faït!</i>' exclaimed +was lost. '<i>Non ay res faït!</i>' exclaimed the prince; 'Nothing is done.'"</p> <p>The Black Prince spoke in a prophetic @@ -12488,7 +12446,7 @@ ensued, in which Bertrand du Guesclin shared, and in which there can be little doubt he played a treacherous part. It is to the credit of -M. Mérimée's impartiality, that he +M. Mérimée's impartiality, that he does not seek to shield the French hero, but merely urges, in extenuation of his conduct, the perverted morality @@ -12606,7 +12564,7 @@ never for a moment believed that the mighty fabric of ages would be allowed to crumble down, or the imperial crown to fall from the head of the descendant -of the Cæsars. And so it +of the Cæsars. And so it has proved. The revolt occasioned in the southern provinces by the co-operation of Jacobinism, under the @@ -12627,7 +12585,7 @@ treason and of faction have been discomfited; nor can modern history afford us nobler examples of heroism and devotion than have been exhibited -by Windischgrätz and Jellachich. +by Windischgrätz and Jellachich. Whilst the democratic press, even in this country, was sympathising with the insurgents—whilst @@ -14069,7 +14027,7 @@ or the consolidation of national wealth and greatness—that a body of men thus disciplined, influenced and led by some of the most eminent generals—by -an Alexander, a Cæsar, or a +an Alexander, a Cæsar, or a Wellesley—is one in which moral force is as much entered into as physical. But if, for instance, I find a @@ -14180,7 +14138,7 @@ franchise." It was further agreed "that the association should co-operate with similar associations throughout the country, and that parties subscribing -£10 annually shall be members +£10 annually shall be members of the council, together with such persons, being members of the association, as shall be elected by any vote @@ -14818,9 +14776,9 @@ former years:—</p> <td class="tdc">1848.</td></tr> <tr> <td class="tdc">Total,</td> -<td class="tdc">£47,579,413</td> -<td class="tdc">£47,345,354</td> -<td class="tdc">£42,158,194</td></tr> +<td class="tdc">£47,579,413</td> +<td class="tdc">£47,345,354</td> +<td class="tdc">£42,158,194</td></tr> </table></div> <p><span class="smcap">Five millions, two hundred @@ -14852,9 +14810,9 @@ ministry:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[376]</a></span> <td class="tdc">1848.</td></tr> <tr> <td class="tdl">Cotton manufactures,</td> -<td class="tdr">£16,276,465</td> -<td class="tdr">£16,082,313</td> -<td class="tdr">£15,050,579</td></tr> +<td class="tdr">£16,276,465</td> +<td class="tdr">£16,082,313</td> +<td class="tdr">£15,050,579</td></tr> <tr> <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Do. yarn,</span> </td><td class="tdr">7,520,578</td> @@ -14912,9 +14870,9 @@ ministry:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[376]</a></span> <td class="tdr tdbb">779,759</td></tr> <tr> <td class="tdl"> </td> -<td class="tdr">£38,973,920 </td> -<td class="tdr">£37,913,769</td> -<td class="tdr">£33,401,758</td></tr> +<td class="tdr">£38,973,920 </td> +<td class="tdr">£37,913,769</td> +<td class="tdr">£33,401,758</td></tr> </table></div> <p>Looking at these tables, we fairly @@ -14931,12 +14889,12 @@ That statement is utterly false and unfounded. In September last, we showed that the exports of the first seven commodities in the above table, exhibited -a decline of £3,177,370, for the six +a decline of £3,177,370, for the six earlier months of the year, as compared with the exports in 1847. We continue the account of the same commodities for eleven months, and we find -the deficiency rated at £3,370,603; so +the deficiency rated at £3,370,603; so that we still have been going down hill, only not quite at so precipitate a rate as before. Free-trade, therefore—for @@ -15081,8 +15039,8 @@ state. Let us take the one instance of silk manufactures. Of these we exported, during eleven months of last year, an amount to the value of -£912,842; this year we have only -sent out £520,427, or nearly £400,000 +£912,842; this year we have only +sent out £520,427, or nearly £400,000 less. But this decline does not by any means express the amount of the curtailment of labour in this important @@ -15795,7 +15753,7 @@ No wonder the shrewd Tyne-siders were astonished.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a> <a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> -Where ¶ (<i>pilcrow</i>,) or paragraph, is placed at the side of the verse.</p></div> +Where ¶ (<i>pilcrow</i>,) or paragraph, is placed at the side of the verse.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a> <a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> @@ -15803,7 +15761,7 @@ Tibullus, iii. 4, 55.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a> <a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> -<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Système des Contradictions Economiques; ou Philosophie de la Misère.</i> +<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Système des Contradictions Economiques; ou Philosophie de la Misère.</i> Par <span class="smcap">J. P. Prudhon</span>.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a> @@ -15871,8 +15829,8 @@ life Oceanic.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a> <a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> -<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Histoire de Don Pédre I<sup>er</sup>, Roi de Castille.</i> Par <span class="smcap">Prosper Mérimée</span>, de l'Académie -Française. Pp. 586. Paris, 1848.</p></div> +<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Histoire de Don Pédre I<sup>er</sup>, Roi de Castille.</i> Par <span class="smcap">Prosper Mérimée</span>, de l'Académie +Française. Pp. 586. Paris, 1848.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a> <a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> @@ -15888,25 +15846,25 @@ not only upon the magnates of the land, but upon Bertrand Duguesclin, Sir Hugh Calverley, Denia the Arragonese, and other foreign adventurers and allies. "Such was the generosity, or rather the profusion of the new king, that it gave rise to a proverbial expression long current in Spain: <i>Henry's favours</i> (<i>Mercedes Enriquenas</i>) -was thenceforward the term applied to recompenses obtained before they were deserved."—<span class="smcap">Mérimée</span>, +was thenceforward the term applied to recompenses obtained before they were deserved."—<span class="smcap">Mérimée</span>, p. 451-2. A <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">rico hombre</i> was created by receiving at the king's hand a banner and a cauldron (<i>Pendon y Caldera</i>)—the one to guide his soldiers, the other to feed them. The fidalgos or hidalgos (from <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">hijodalgo</i>, the son of somebody) were dependants of the <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">ricos hombres</i>, as these were of the king. "Every nobleman had a certain number of gentlemen who did him homage, and held their lands in fee of him. In their turn, these gentlemen had vassals, so that the labourer had many -masters, whose orders were often contradictory. These mediæval institutions gave +masters, whose orders were often contradictory. These mediæval institutions gave rise to strange complications, only to be unravelled by violence. Nevertheless, the laws and national usages directed the vassal, whatever his condition, to obey his immediate superior. Thus, a mere knight did not incur penalty of treason by taking -arms against the king by order of the rich-man to whom he paid homage."—<span class="smcap">Mérimée</span>, +arms against the king by order of the rich-man to whom he paid homage."—<span class="smcap">Mérimée</span>, p. 29. Some curious illustrations are subjoined. In 1334, Alphonso took the field against an insubordinate vassal, and besieged him in his town of Lerma. Garcia de Padilla, a knight attached to the rebel, seeing an amicable arrangement impossible, boldly demanded of Don Alphonso a horse and armour, to go and fight under the banner of his liege lord. The king instantly complied with his request, warning him, however, that if taken, he should pay with his head for his fidelity to the lord of -Lerma. "I distinguish," says <span class="smcap">M. Mérimée</span>, "in the action and words of Don Alphonso, +Lerma. "I distinguish," says <span class="smcap">M. Mérimée</span>, "in the action and words of Don Alphonso, the contrast of the knight and the king united in the same man. The one yields to his prejudices of chivalrous honour, the other will have the rights of his crown respected. The customs of the age and the dictates of policy contend in the @@ -15933,9 +15891,9 @@ the holy profession of their lovers, and claimed particular distinctions. The co of these ecclesiastics occasioned no scandal, but the luxury affected by their mistresses often excited the envy of rich citizens, and even of noble ladies. Repeatedly, and always in vain, the Cortes launched decrees intended to repress the insolence of the -<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">damoiselles de prétres</i>, (<i lang="es" xml:lang="es">barraganas de clérigos</i>,) who formed a distinct class or caste, +<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">damoiselles de prétres</i>, (<i lang="es" xml:lang="es">barraganas de clérigos</i>,) who formed a distinct class or caste, enjoying special privileges, and sufficiently numerous to require the invention of laws -for them alone."—<span class="smcap">Mérimée</span>, p. 34 to 38. These passages tend to explain what might +for them alone."—<span class="smcap">Mérimée</span>, p. 34 to 38. These passages tend to explain what might otherwise seem incomprehensible—the passive submission of the Spanish priesthood to encroachments upon their temporal goods. Since then they have rarely shown themselves so enduring; and the mere hint of an attack upon their power or opulence has @@ -15943,7 +15901,7 @@ usually been the signal for mischievous intrigue, and often for bloody strife. I question, (setting aside the <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">barraganas</i>, although these, up to no remote date, may be said to have been rather <i>veiled</i> than suppressed,) whether the Spanish priests of the 14th century were not nearly as enlightened as their successors of the 19th. They -certainly were far more tolerant. "Arab language and literature," M. Mérimée +certainly were far more tolerant. "Arab language and literature," M. Mérimée tells us, "were cultivated in schools founded under ecclesiastical patronage." </p><p> In the Cortes held at Valladolid, in 1351, we find Don Pedro rejecting the petitions @@ -15980,7 +15938,7 @@ where the king's entrance was celebrated, according to Castilian custom, by a bu The bulls trampled the corpse, and tossed it upon their horns. It was taken from them for exhibition upon a scaffold, where it remained a whole day. At last it was placed upon a bier, which was fixed upon the rampart of Camparanda. It was -the treatment reserved for the bodies of great malefactors."—<span class="smcap">Mérimée</span>, p. 73.</p></div> +the treatment reserved for the bodies of great malefactors."—<span class="smcap">Mérimée</span>, p. 73.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_25_25" id="Footnote_25_25"></a> <a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> @@ -15996,7 +15954,7 @@ those expressions, indicative of shades easier to appreciate than to translate. is grace combined with nobility; <i>donayre</i>, elegance of bearing, vivacity of wit; <i>salero</i>, voluptuous and provocative grace; <i>zandunga</i>, the kind of grace peculiar to the Andalusians—a happy mixture of readiness and nonchalance. People applaud the <i>garbo</i> -or <i>donayre</i> of a duchess, the <i>salero</i> of an actress, the <i>zandunga</i> of a gipsy of Jerez.—<span class="smcap">Mérimée</span>, +or <i>donayre</i> of a duchess, the <i>salero</i> of an actress, the <i>zandunga</i> of a gipsy of Jerez.—<span class="smcap">Mérimée</span>, p. 110.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_27_27" id="Footnote_27_27"></a> @@ -16005,26 +15963,26 @@ The enchantment of Don Pedro by Maria Padilla is a popular tradition in Andalusi where the memory of both is vividly preserved. It is further added, that Maria Padilla was a queen of the gipsies—their <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">bari crallisa</i>—consequently consummate mistress of the art of concocting philters. Unfortunately, the gipsies were -scarcely seen in Europe till a century later. The author of the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Première Vie du Pape +scarcely seen in Europe till a century later. The author of the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Première Vie du Pape Innocent VI.</i> gravely relates that Blanche, having made her husband a present of a golden girdle, Maria Padilla, assisted by a Jew, a notorious sorcerer, changed it into a serpent, one day that the king had it on. The surprise of the king and his court may be imagined, when the girdle began to writhe and hiss; whereupon the Padilla easily succeeded in persuading her lover that Blanche was a magician bent upon destroying -him by her arts.—<span class="smcap">Mérimée</span>, p. 120.</p></div> +him by her arts.—<span class="smcap">Mérimée</span>, p. 120.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a> <a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> -<span class="smcap">Zuñiga</span>, <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">Anales de Sevilla</i>.—"The people say, that Maria Coronel, pursued by +<span class="smcap">Zuñiga</span>, <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">Anales de Sevilla</i>.—"The people say, that Maria Coronel, pursued by Don Pedro, in the suburb of Triana, plunged her head into a pan in which a gipsy was cooking fritters. I was shown the house in front of which the incident occurred, and I was desired to remark, as an incontrovertible proof, that it is still inhabited by -gipsies, whose kitchen is in the open street."—<span class="smcap">Mérimée</span>, p. 247.</p></div> +gipsies, whose kitchen is in the open street."—<span class="smcap">Mérimée</span>, p. 247.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_29_29" id="Footnote_29_29"></a> <a href="#FNanchor_29_29"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> We have already adverted to the religious tolerance of the time, and to the -intermixture of Mussulmans and Christians: M. Mérimée gives some curious details +intermixture of Mussulmans and Christians: M. Mérimée gives some curious details on this subject. The nobility of Castile made no difficulty to grant the <i>Don</i> to the Moorish cavaliers, and the rich Jew bankers obtained the same distinction, then very rare amongst the Christians themselves. Thus Ayala, the chronicler, speaks of Don @@ -16052,7 +16010,7 @@ the part of the priests towards a king now generally accused of irreligion. What dictated it, Pedro was at first startled by the prophet's confident and inspired air, but soon he thought it was a stratagem of his enemies to discourage him and his troops. The priest, who persisted that his mission was from St Dominick, was -burned alive in front of the army.—<span class="smcap">Mérimée</span>, pp. 35, 290, 299, &c.</p></div> +burned alive in front of the army.—<span class="smcap">Mérimée</span>, pp. 35, 290, 299, &c.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_30_30" id="Footnote_30_30"></a> <a href="#FNanchor_30_30"><span class="label">[30]</span></a> @@ -16064,8 +16022,8 @@ I cannot understand him. There were found, in a vault beneath his house, three piles of gold and silver lingots, so lofty 'that a man standing behind them was not seen.' The king, on beholding this treasure, exclaimed—'If Don Simuel had given me the third part of the smallest of these heaps, I would not have had him tortured. -How could he consent to die rather than speak?' <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sumario de los Reyes de España</i>, -p. 73. Credat Judæus Apella."—<span class="smcap">Mérimée</span>, p. 317. +How could he consent to die rather than speak?' <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sumario de los Reyes de España</i>, +p. 73. Credat Judæus Apella."—<span class="smcap">Mérimée</span>, p. 317. </p><p> Don Pedro was often accused of avarice, although it appears probable that his fondness of money sprang from his experience of the power it gave, and of its absolute @@ -16117,384 +16075,6 @@ in original; possibly an abbreviation for Taxation.</p> <p>P. 321, last line of poem: "Chase the BuffalO!"--capitalization of final "O" is true to original.</p> </div> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, No. -401, March 1849, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE, MARCH 1849 *** - -***** This file should be named 42412-h.htm or 42412-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/2/4/1/42412/ - -Produced by Brendan OConnor, Jonathan Ingram, JoAnn -Greenwood, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team -at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Library of Early -Journals.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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