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diff --git a/42384-8.txt b/42384-8.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 06e7f27..0000000 --- a/42384-8.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4030 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Scandinavians on the Pacific, Puget Sound, by -Thomas Ostenson Stine - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Scandinavians on the Pacific, Puget Sound - -Author: Thomas Ostenson Stine - -Release Date: March 21, 2013 [EBook #42384] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SCANDINAVIANS *** - - - - -Produced by Jude Eylander, Dianna Adair, Bryan Ness, and -the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive/American -Libraries.) - - - - - - - -Transcriber's Note: Captions have been added to some illustrations. The -spelling has been harmonized. Obvious printer errors have been repaired. - - - - - [Illustration: ALASKA-YUKON-PACIFIC EXPOSITION, SEATTLE. - Main Building, General View.] - - [Illustration: JOHN EDWARD CHILBERG. - Vice President, The Scandinavian American Bank, - Seattle Washington. - President, Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition, - June 1st to October 16, 1909.] - - - - -TO MY SCANDINAVIAN FRIENDS, NOW RESIDENTS OF THE PUGET SOUND COUNTRY: - - -Ten years have now elapsed since the "Scandinavians on the Pacific" was -published, and inasmuch as I now have the opportunity of inserting a few -pages, outlining in brief some of the changes that are manifest since -the publication of the book, I deem it proper to do so. - -"Scandinavians on the Pacific" was my first literary effort. Some of -the verses contained in the book were written in a hasty manner, hence -found it advisable to rewrite them, coining them into better and more -uniform metre, and later they appeared in my book of poems, "Echoes from -Dreamland," which may be found in the Seattle Public Library, in the -library of the University of Washington, and in the libraries of Eastern -universities and colleges. - -The opportunity of outlining the interesting changes that have taken -place in that period, and being enabled to make the addition a part of -the original book, comes to me by the generous suggestion of Mr. F. P. -Searle, Manager of the Ballard Office of The Scandinavian American Bank, -Ballard Station, Seattle, Washington, as it is Mr. Searle's intention to -present the book to all of his Scandinavian customers and friends. - -In the year 1899, while completing the history contained in the -original part of this book, I could not have conceived of the wonderful -changes that have been made throughout the whole Northwest, and more -particularly in the City of Seattle. During the time I was writing the -book, one of my very pleasant headquarters was The Scandinavian American -Bank, then located at the corner of First Avenue and Yesler Way, in the -building that is now occupied by the State Bank of Seattle, and it -is a source of a great deal of satisfaction to me, that with a few -exceptions, all the officers and employees of The Scandinavian American -Bank are still with the grand institution, which has developed from a -very modest bank of that date, into one of the largest and most -successful banking institutions in the State of Washington. - -First in my mind is Mr. Andrew Chilberg, to whom I dedicated this book, -and mentioned at the time that he was President of the bank, and can -still make the statement that he occupies the same honored position; -also Mr. James F. Lane, Cashier, and quite a number of the old time -employees. Mr. A. H. Soelberg, however, is now connected with the State -Bank of Seattle, in the capacity of Vice President and Cashier. - -It is not my intention to confine the additional pages wholly to The -Scandinavian American Bank; but the associations were so pleasant, that -it naturally comes to my mind in a very vivid way, and before I leave -the subject entirely, I wish to speak of John Edward Chilberg, who at -the time the book was published, was known only as being an energetic -business man, in common with a great many others then residing in -Seattle. He is now the Vice President of The Scandinavian American Bank, -and the most of his success has been to the benefit of Seattle, as it -was through his foresight and faith in the future development of this -city that he brought about the erection of the first sky scraper, -which is the Alaska Building, and the present home of the Scandinavian -American Bank, and it was through his energy that such a large -proportion of Alaska's resources were obtained for Seattle. - -In looking at his picture, as one of the Chilberg family, representing -four generations, which is found on page 48, it would indeed be a shrewd -judge of appearances that could have foreseen the success that this man -has made for himself, and for Seattle. - -Without going into details of the many enterprises that he was -identified with, which represent some of the finest improvements in -Seattle, I will close my autobiographical sketch of Mr. Chilberg, by -calling attention to the successful way that he managed the affairs of -the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition, as President of that successful -Fair, and all Scandinavians residing in this wonderful part of the -United States, can feel justifiably proud of the fact that it was a -descendant of their race who had so much to do with the wonderful -improvements that have been evidence in Seattle during the past ten -years, and it is indeed a pleasure for me to place his picture at this -day and date along with those of other prominent Scandinavians. - -One of the most wonderful changes in Seattle is the gigantic regrade -work, which in a short time will so change the topography of the city, -that residents who left the city ten years ago, would on their return, -have hard work in locating old land marks. I understand that to take the -United States as a whole, this city is one of the best advertised cities -west of Chicago, and one cannot visit any other city without being made -aware that the majority of the people know all about Seattle. Of course -these reports must be of recent date, as the "Alaska-Yukon-Pacific -Exposition" was the real advertising factor, as it certainly was the -most grandly arranged, and most successful fair that it has ever been my -privilege to see. - -As I look through this book, written so many years ago, I am made aware -of the old time citizens who have been called Home, yet feel that -all who have not had opportunity to read the early history of the -Scandinavians in this part of the country, will derive a great deal of -pleasure in being able to refresh their memories, and to those -Scandinavians who have recently settled in this part of the country, the -book will no doubt be the means of many re-unions of friendship formed -in other parts of the world. - -In concluding this short sketch, permit me to add "Greetings from Puget -Sound," a poem which I wrote some months ago, and which was published on -a post card, and copyrighted by The Scenic Library Company. - -THOS. OSTENSON STINE. - - - GREETINGS FROM PUGET SOUND. - - Land and sea united greet us, - Greeting all in words sublime; - And with magic touches lift us, - On the sunny wings of time. - Over hills and laughing waters - Plumage songsters hang and soar; - From their hearts with gladness panting - Greetings ever shake and pour. - - In the distance mellow cloudlets - Float around the old Rainier, - Mixing with his locks of silver - In the balmy atmosphere. - And we hear Snoqualmie yonder - Calling, calling, loud and free. - In a voice which shakes with welcome - He is calling to the sea. - - From the mountain's snow-clad bosom - Brooklets winding seaward sing; - And the silver-braided wildwoods - Tingle with the joy of spring. - Breezes playing with the sea-nymphs - Kiss the wooded land with glee, - And the golden shore is warbling - With the music of the sea. - - Morning steals serenely on us, - Melting in from east to west, - And the diamonds on the water, - Burning, leap from crest to crest. - When the sun departs in Westland - Firs and pines in silence weep; - Fold their flaming wings in slumber - To the music of the deep. - - Mountains looking seaward charm us - On the shore of Puget Sound; - Cataracts with music fill us, - Breezes waft the fragrance round. - Hillocks green and valleys blooming - And the diamond-studded sea - Laugh and sing with salutation - In a strain of harmony. - - Rivers, lakes and orchards laden - Mingle with the fields of gold, - And the fir and spruce and hemlock - In their verdure wealth unfold. - Mountains hold the treasure tempting, - And the valleys ever green - Teem with blooms of inspiration - By the sun-kissed shore serene. - - --Thos. Ostenson Stine. - - Copyright, 1909, by The Scenic Library Co. - - - - - PRESS OF - DENNY-CORYELL COMPANY - SEATTLE, WASH. - - - - -ERRATA. - -Page 33, sixth line from bottom, should be _its briny breast_, not her -briny breast. - -Page 46, third line from bottom, should be slaughter, not staughter. - -Page 68, under the cut should be _Dr. Eiliv Janson_, not Eliiv. - -Page 86, thirteenth line from top, should be _the 31st of May, 1889_, -not 1894. - -Page 93, tenth line from top, should be _examen_, not examin. - -Page 115, third line from top (in some of the copies), should be -_successful_, not sucsessful. - -Page 132, second paragraph are too many commas. - -Page 134, third line, second paragraph, should be _Solor_, not Sotor. - -Page 196, under the cut (in a few copies) should be _Fairhaven_, not -Fairhavan. - -Page 199, twelfth line (in a few copies) should be _reconnoitered_, not -reconnitered. - -Page 208, second line from bottom, should be _legislature_, not -legislation. - - - - - SCANDINAVIANS ON THE PACIFIC, - - PUGET SOUND. - - BY - - THOS. OSTENSON STINE, B. S. - - P. O. Box 599, Seattle, Wash. - - - AN EVENING ON PUGET SOUND. - - A vocal stretch of sapphire glow, - A sunset radiance of melted gold, - Where silvery ripples softly laugh, - Making music the whole night through. - - In a livery of green thy banks proudly stand, - The weeping pine and mocking hemlock - Lay shadows on thy starry breast, - Where loving breezes play. - - High in the clouds rear the snow-capped sentinels, - Listening to thy melancholy chimes, - At their feet smile the lilies, - And through the deep blue sail the sea-gulls. - - Copyright, 1900. - - - [Illustration: ANDREW CHILBERG.] - - -TO - -ANDREW CHILBERG, - -Consul for Sweden and Norway and President of the Scandinavian American -Bank of Seattle, - -As a Token of Respect for Your Friendship and Your Integrity of -Character, - -I Dedicate this Volume. - -THOS. O. STINE. - - - [Illustration: DR. IVAR JANSON. - An Eminent Surgeon of Seattle.] - - - - -PREFACE. - - -On solicitation of prominent Scandinavian-Americans, a year ago, I -undertook to write a volume or two, entitled, "Scandinavians on the -Pacific." At the launching of this idea an untold number rallied around -me with sweet tongues, but many who pretended to furnish historical data -fabricated delusive smiles of impertinent selfishness. Others, however, -have been frank in ushering kind assistance. The author is indebted to -the following gentlemen for willing advice and information: John Blaauw, -Editor of Tacoma Tidende, Tacoma; George Bech, Author of "Hæng Ham," -etc., Seattle; Rev. T. J. Moen, Fairhaven, and N. P. Leque, Stanwood. - -T. O. S. - - [Illustration: WONDERFUL SCENE ON THE GREAT NORTHERN - IN CASCADE MOUNTAINS.] - - - - - CONTENTS. - - - INTRODUCTION. - - CHAPTER I. - The Pacific Coast. - - CHAPTER II. - The First Scandinavian Pioneers. - - CHAPTER III. - Scandinavians in Seattle--Pioneers and Prominent - Citizens. - - CHAPTER IV. - Scandinavians in Seattle--Societies--Press--Prominent - Citizens--Churches. - - CHAPTER V. - Scandinavians in Ballard. - - CHAPTER VI. - Scandinavians in Tacoma. - - CHAPTER VII. - Scandinavians in Tacoma--Societies--Press--Prominent - Citizens--Churches. - - CHAPTER VIII. - Scandinavians in Everett. - - CHAPTER IX. - Scandinavians at Stanwood. - - CHAPTER X. - Scandinavians in Stillaguamish Valley. - - CHAPTER XI. - Scandinavians at Cedarhome. - - CHAPTER XII. - Scandinavians in Skagit Valley. - - CHAPTER XIII. - Scandinavians in Bellingham Bay. - - CHAPTER XIV. - Scattered Scandinavian Communities--Poulsbo and - Other Places. - - [Illustration: A SCENE IN THE NORTH PACIFIC.] - - - - -ILLUSTRATIONS. - - PAGE - - Anderson, C. G. W. 76 - Anderson, J. F. 184 - Anderson, Graebert 94 - Anderson, Oscar 78 - A Group of Representative Ladies 12 - Arntson, J. M. 120 - A Scene of Pioneer Life 39 - A Rustic Bridge 106 - Another Scene of the Wenatchee 29 - A Puget Sound Cedar 23 - A Miner at His Cabin 32 - A Musician on Skagit River 194 - A Scene in the Washington Woods 31 - A Scene in the Harbor of Seattle 51 - A Scene in the North Pacific 10 - An Island near Whatcom 25 - - Bank, Scandinavian American 53 - Bennie, Jr., D. G. 153 - Bech, George 92 - Blaauw, John 129 - Bull, Prof. Olof 110 - - Chilberg, Andrew, Frontispiece - Christensen, Lars and Wife 204 - Crogstad, Andrew N. 186 - Crogstad, Mrs. Wilhelmina A. 187 - Coltom, M. O. 155 - Church, N. D. Baptist 99 - Church, N. D. Lutheran 95 - Church, Swedish M. E. 96 - Church, Swedish Baptist 98 - Church, Stanwood, N. D. L. 144 - - Eggan, James 90 - Engquist, Frank 104 - Enger, T. T. 135 - Elvrum, L. P. and Wife 137 - Everett in Its Infancy 139 - - Fishing in Bellingham Bay 198 - Foss, Louis 191 - - Hanson, L. G. and Wife 180 - Hansen, Hans 84 - Hals, John I. 164 - Hals' Shingle Mill 163 - Hevly, E. A. 161 - Hallberg, P. A. 80 - - Janson, Dr. Eiliv 68 - Janson, Dr. Ivar, Frontispiece - Johnson, Iver 159 - Johnson, Rev. John 97 - Johnson, John 102 - - Knudson, Knud 149 - Knatvold, H. E. 112 - - Langland, S. S. 72 - Leque, N. P. 141 - Logging Family Standing on a Cedar Stump 167 - Lindberg, Gustaf 122 - Lundberg, A. 74 - - Mining Scenes 34 - Moldstad, N. J. 193 - Mt. Baker 196 - Mt. Rainier 108 - Mt. Index 21 - Morling House 182 - - Nelson, N. B. 63 - Nicklason, G. 175 - Nogleberg, John 82 - Nogleberg's Studio 81 - - Orphans' Home 207 - Ox Logging 133 - - Pacific Lutheran University 132 - Prestlien Bluff 166 - Pioneers Among Wild Beasts 169 - - Quevli, Dr. C. 114 - - Ranch, Jorgen Eliason's 202 - Residence of Olaf Rydjord 151 - Residence of N. M. Lien 150 - Rosling, Eric Edw. 118 - Rynning, Dr. J. L. 116 - Rude, H. P. and Family 59 - Rialto Block 64 - - Stanwood L. M. Sangkor 145 - Stanwood Creamery 152 - Samson, S. 124 - Sandahl, C. N. 70 - Sandegren, T. 131 - Steamer Advance 206 - Soelberg, Axel H. 66 - Skagit River 18 - Snoqualmie Fall 27 - - The Cedarhome School 172 - The Norman School 165 - Thompson, S. A. 147 - The Baltic Lodge 85 - The 17th of May Committee 88 - The Chilberg Family 48 - The Wild Wenatchee 28 - The University of Washington 36 - - Walters, Carl O. 178 - Western Washington Native Snowshoe Hare 181 - Wonderful Scene on the G. N. 8 - - [Illustration: A GROUP OF REPRESENTATIVE LADIES. - Miss Anna Myhre--Seattle - Miss Minnie Anderson--Fir - Miss Lottie Stromberd--Seattle - Miss Bertha Korstad--Silverdale - Miss Augusta Stromberd--Seattle - Miss Emma Sandstrom--Seattle - Miss Martha Anderson & Miss Henrietta Klackstead--Seattle - Miss Petra & Emma Halverson--Tacoma] - - - - -INTRODUCTION. - - - Viking brave on land or sea, - Dauntless hero of liberty, - While ages hang on bearded clay, - Among the great thy name shall sway. - - Chroniclers shall paint thee in shades resplendent, - Thy fame as the pine shall sway independent, - Nations shall rise from lethargy old - To tune the feats of the Norsemen bold. - - Suns of the South reflect thy rays, - They breathe thy prowess on wild-flying sprays, - But their light shall wane with ages to come, - The stars of the future shall pale proud Rome. - - The foam-crest brine thy daring spells, - Thy wings have climbed impetuous swells, - In tempests wild o'er main afar, - Thy only guide the burning star. - - Iceland and Greenland hast thou found, - With valor to thy honor crowned, - The Faroes in the salty deep, - And others that in the ocean sleep. - - Thy scepter has on Sicily swayed, - Thy brawny arms with Albion played, - And Normandy to thy venture shines, - With royal courts and eglantines. - - Beyond the sea maid's unkempt hair, - Lay forests rich and jewels rare, - Undreamt by kings of fame and power, - "For the shore," shouts Leif, - "spite storm and shower." - - _Vinland_ for the Norseman brave, - The honor he to his country gave, - Born with thee, an unknown strand, - America, sweet freedom's land. - - _From "An Ode to the Land of the Vikings."_--_Stine._ - -The author does not aim to lift the Scandinavians into an air of -ungained merit, he does not aim to clothe them with undeserved encomium, -but seeks to paint their dues in a straightforward way, thoughtless of -sailing the sea of hyperbole, or entering any strait of unearned -exploit. - -In order, however, to give the reader a clear conception of the spirit, -the intrepidity, the characteristic worth of the northern peoples, my -pen cannot refrain from plowing into the annals of the past. History is -plain and authentic on the subject, and the same chivalric blood ebbs -through the veins of the Vikings today as of yore. They have shared and -do share the burdens of adventure, discovery and colonzation. They have -nurtured their sons and daughters with patriotic zeal, and unfurled to -their love the folds of freedom. They have braved the foam-crest waves -minus compass and sympathy--stars of night and sun of day guided them -over the traceless billows. Their dauntless sails have wafted in sun and -storm from shore to shore and woven together distant climes. - -From the dawn of navigation and soldiery the Scandinavians have evinced -skill and dexterity, filled with a whim to roam, see and conquer. They -were, perhaps, sometimes rough in their daring expeditions, but always -actuated with a will to plant the scepter of liberty and to raise the -standard of civilization. - -In 860 the valorous Naddodd discovered Iceland, and fourteen years later -a republic form of government was established, which flourished four -centuries. In 984 Erik The Red discovered Greenland, and in the name of -his native country, Norway, took possession of the frozen territory, and -unfolded to the breeze the banner of liberty. - -"To the West! To the West!" thought Leif Erikson, son of Erik The Red, -"spite waves and breakers," and in the year 1000 pointed the bow of -his bark for the shore of America, landed at Helluland, now known as -Newfoundland. He reconnoitered the coast as far south as Massachusetts, -and christened the New World, _Vinland_. - -Not here do the Vikings stop. In 1002 Thorwald Erikson set sail -for Vinland, spent three years exploring the green-clad banks of -New England with zealous desire to unveil to his countrymen the -characteristic features of the new possession. In a collision with the -Skrællings (Indians) his precious life was blown out, the first European -to succumb to the arrows of the red race. - -Not here do their voyages for the New World cease. The sagas plainly -picture their pilgrimages across the howling waste for Vinland in 1005, -1007, 1011, 1121, 1347. - -True, the Scandinavians have been heroes on sea, but no less so on -land. King Gustavus Adolphus, of Sweden, poured his life blood on the -battlefield of Lutzen, not for military glory, but to liberate millions -of innocent souls from the fire of tyranny, the poisonous hands of the -chief of superstition, the narrow-minded Philip II., of Spain. He was -not only a military genius but the father of his people, a benefactor of -humanity. - -In 1638 a company of Swedes colonized in the New World, who made the -hills and forests of Delaware ring with the music of their picks and -axes. As years rolled by emigration started from Sweden, Norway and -Denmark. The wilderness of America was their object, the building of -homes their love. They braved the interior, fought the lion and the -bear, conquered the frowning forests and subdued the spreading prairies. -First huts of logs and sods, then quaint dwellings rose to mark their -energy. Fields and gardens smiled, school-houses reared the air, and -happy lads and lasses pranced their way to school to drink freely from -the fountain of knowledge. Home, sweet home echoed from rocks and trees. -The frontier was their chance, and thither they steered their lots. They -knew how to swing the axe and use the hoe, climb mountains and make -themselves contented in the most hazardous exposure. - -What to them the soft pillow? when a stone was near at hand. They slept -under the blue sky and drank health from the floating clouds. A home for -my son and daughter, or my sweetheart, gave them fresh courage. Not -only a home, but a pleasant home in a congenial clime, where the heaven -smiles serenely, where the rose-bud bursts and thrives the year round. -Thunder and cyclones had shaken their tranquility. More peaceful air, -tired of the friction and disagreement in the upper regions, and fire -that seems eager to eat the whole firmament. Away from the boisterous -thunderbolts which make it a business to blast and burn every cloud. "To -the West! Sweet Westland!" rolled in their souls, where the air is pure, -where the birds sing, where the scenery is grand. - - To the West! Sweet Westland! where freedom reigns, - Where forests clothe the untrod plains, - And flowers and fragrance blow - Beneath peaks of crystal snow. - Sweet Westland! broad and free, - How I love to dwell in thee! - - Where jeweled brows look o'er the lea, - And rhyming streams leap down to the sea, - Where man is himself and courts no king, - And axes swords, and bloodless swing. - Sweet Westland! broad and free, - How I love to dwell in thee! - - To the West! Sweet Westland by the sea, - Where music swells the wooded lea, - Where work is plenty and wealth to gain - In clearing land and planting grain. - Sweet Westland! broad and free, - How I love to dwell in thee! - - THE AUTHOR. - - [Illustration: SKAGIT RIVER NEAR SEDRO-WOOLLEY.] - - - - -THE PACIFIC COAST. - -CHAPTER I. - - -High and noble stands the Rocky, looking downward, where jeweled brows -hang, where silvery waves make music on the deep, or the sea maid shakes -her streaming locks. As early as 1513 the brave Balboa hurled his -exploring eyes over the watery waste and in the name of Spain declared -the discovery of the mighty ocean. But, alas! the valorous Spaniard -received only scoff and scorn for his adventure and hardship, and at -last the cold world saw fit to lead him to the judgment block for the -unknown depth beyond. - -A later date, in 1592, Juan de Fuca, a Greek pilot, in the service of -Spain, discovered the beautiful strait which bears his name, the gateway -to the picturesque Puget Sound. In 1789 Captain Kendrick, an American -explorer, was reconnoitering along the Pacific coast, entered the Strait -of Fuca, steered his boat into the Strait of Georgia and Queen Charlotte -Sound, and depicted the characteristic features of the land-locked -waters. In 1804 the United States government sent the Lewis and Clark -expedition across the Rocky to ascertain more minutely as to the climate -and the feasibility for settlement. - -When the country was explored, and a sprinkling of pioneers had spread -themselves in the most favorable localities, tidings of the complication -between our government and Great Britain reached them. War clouds were -hanging in the air prognostic of determining the ownership of their -terra firma. An amicable settlement, however, was brought about and the -present boundary between Washington and British Columbia was fixed. - -A petition was sent to Congress praying for closer relationship in the -Union, and in 1853 the Territory of Oregon was organized. The flux of -immigration fast settled the attractive sylva on the Sound and the -rolling prairies east of the Cascades. The Territory being too large, -and the country north of Columbia was sliced off and made to struggle -for itself. The promoters of the scheme were vigilant and got things to -move their own way, and after all, they didn't do anything worse than to -give this vigorating child of Uncle Sam the ever-cherished appellation -_Washington_. - - MY WASHINGTON. - - Beautiful Evergreen, home of the free, - Sunshine of my fancy thee, - Where fragrance swells the breeze, - And freedom rings from rocks and trees. - My Washington, sweet gem of the sea, - Land of the future, and home of the free. - - I love thy peaks in twilight hue, - In silver rays rear to my view, - I love thy brooks, thy laughing fjord, - Thy waving fields in grain of gold. - My Washington, sweet gem of the sea, - Land of the future, and home of the free. - - I love thee, my land, I'll serve thee true, - I'll look for thy wants, I'll be with you, - Through sun and storm my heart is thine, - Sweet hills of fir and vine. - My Washington, sweet gem of the sea, - Land of the future, and home of the free. - - We've plenty of soil, silver and gold, - Aye, fields and forests of wealth untold, - Only our hearts for thee could rise, - Of thee I sing, my paradise. - My Washington, sweet gem of the sea, - Land of the future, and home of the free. - - [Illustration: MOUNT INDEX--ON THE GREAT NORTHERN LINE, WASHINGTON.] - -The scenery of Washington is grand and inviting. The Cascade runs -through the bosom of the state, cutting her in twain, and throws his -rugged spurs into Oregon and California. The majestic Rainier rears -through the clouds to a height of 14,444 feet, wearing a hood of -perpetual snow, which changes to a verdant fringe as it runs downward, -clothing his feet with evergreen. Mount Adams has pushed his head upward -12,902 feet, and Baker has reached an elevation of 10,814, while St. -Helen stopped 9750 feet above sea level. - -To the westward is a less conspicuous attraction, the Coast Range, which -skirts the ocean and varies in height from 3000 to 4000 feet. Between -these mountain ranges sweeps a fertile basin, carpeted with an -unparalleled forest, fir, cedar, spruce and hemlock rise skyward to a -skeptical giddiness. Some stretch their forms 300 feet into the air. -Logs are piled upon one another, sleeping like angry mammoths at the -feet of gigantic trees. The more tender offsprings shoot up between -these lazy monsters, and some take delight to grow on their decaying -frames. - - Into the fleecy clouds the noble firs stand, - Their austere forms spread shadows on the strand, - And music floats on high, - From silvery waves to the sky. - - Where tender shoots in gladness smile - On moss-bearded logs in pile; - Abreast with flowers they grow and sway - In sisterhood from day to day. - - [Illustration: A PUGET SOUND CEDAR.] - -The fjords of Norway are sublime, and Puget Sound is equally so. What -can be more soul-stirring and soul-inspiring than a merry sheet of water -rippling for hundreds of miles into a land of verdure, making sweet -music day and night? What can be more angelic and soothing to the soul -than the songs of the waves? Where can you find more poesy than in the -pearl-set crests rolling like melted gold upon gilded pebbles? A -clittering, clattering steal through the air, even in the calm of night -dulcet strains come to cheer the ear. A soft whisper seems to spring -from every flower. The forest is alive with melodies, hills and -mountains echo back the harps of the deep. - - [Illustration: AN ISLAND NEAR WHATCOM.] - - Sing loud ye waves of dancing pearls, - Leap frisk ye winds from heaven's throat, - For the jeweled strand, - Melodious land. - - Laugh ye fir, spruce and hemlock, - Play ye breezes with their wings, - In freedom's air, - In sun so fair. - - Smile ye flowers in gladness free, - I kiss your lips and love you true, - Sweet daisies mellow, - In coats of yellow. - - Burst ye rose-buds to a fresh-born day, - And drink from heaven's eye serene, - Sweet beams of rainbow tint, - Emblems of God, I weep and wait. - - Lift high your heads ye stately hills, - Scatter smiles where music floats, - By the opal sea, - The land of the free. - - [Illustration: SNOQUALMIE FALL. - By courtesy of the Great Northern.] - -Rivers and falls are no less sublime than the Sound, and compare in -grandeur with the famous streams and cataracts of Switzerland and -Scandinavia. The Columbia ranks with the most picturesque rivers in the -world, being of great value to commerce, fleets of steamers ride on its -bosom day and night with merchandise from foreign climes, and grain, -fruit and other produce raised west of the Rocky. Snoqualmie, Snohomish, -Skagit and others are also navigable and invite the attention of -wonder-seekers. - - [Illustration: THE WILD WENATCHEE AND THE GREAT NORTHERN - IN TUMWATER CANYON.] - -Snoqualmie fall is one of nature's masterpieces, and bespeaks grandeur -and sublimity. The water shoots into the air, tumbles down a royal -precipice, whirls, foams and splashes, fills heaven with thunder and the -soul with awe and admiration. The Tumwater fall is likewise grand and -awe-inspiring, stunning in music and bewitching in scenery. - - [Illustration: ANOTHER SCENE OF THE WENATCHEE AND THE GREAT NORTHERN - IN TUMWATER CANYON.] - -Storms seldom visit the Pacific, and thunder rarely finds a rich medium -in the balmy clouds. But, terror! when a storm is propagated on yonder -deep, and sets the ocean boiling and shivering up shallow bays, and -springs into the forest like an unchained demon, then the whole heaven -shakes and trembles. Firs and cedars tumble like dead giants, knocking -each other to the ground in the fashion of heartless heathens. Blasts -upon blasts swell through the air and roll along the mountain ridges not -dissimilar to Jove's chariot. - -Ay, you speak of awe and fright when a prairie fire gets sway on the -Central Plain, but when the guest of good and evil gains access to -the Washington forest in the month of August or September a hell is -witnessed similar to that painted by ranting trumpeters. Flames rise -skyward and with the aid of winds set the trees flaring and howling as -in the clutches of a thousand devils. - -The fertility of the Pacific forest is something incredulous, the -quantity and quality of lumber produced are astounding to all not -familiar with this country. Even a conservative estimate would make many -curious speculators drunk with figures. - -In the State of Washington forests spread over thirteen million acres of -land. West of the Cascades is a stretch of ten million, clothing hills -and dells from Canada to Columbia river with valuable fir, cedar, -spruce, pine, hemlock and tamarack, while on the east side three million -acres of forest land are scattered along the rivers and mountain slopes. - -Saw mills and shingle factories are being kept busy the year round. More -than one billion feet of lumber are turned out annually and shipped to -all parts of the globe. The shingle industry is something phenomenal. -Factories are whistling and piping everywhere throughout the cedar -districts, and thousands of men find lucrative employments. - - [Illustration: A SCENE IN THE WASHINGTON WOODS.] - -Mining is an important pursuit, rugged brows smile with independent -richness. Moss-bearded ledges of the precious metal run into the heart -of the Cascades. The Index districts teem with mineral wealth, and Lake -Chelan shines with doubtless yields. Iron ore rests in the bosom of the -Sound country from the green feet of old Rainier to the dashing waves of -the Pacific. As you cross the divide for Eastern Washington, you -find paying veins running in different directions. Coal is a natural -consequence, which in no manner puzzles the minds of geologists. From -days of yore luxuriant vegetation has robed plains and valleys to -impenetrable density. The death of rich forests has built beds of -astonishing thickness, and the formation of coal has resulted to a -marked degree. - - [Illustration: A MINER AT HIS CABIN.] - -Agriculture and horticulture invite attention. The rolling prairies -between the Rocky and the Cascades are especially adapted for the -raising of cereals. Wheat yields from 50 to 75 bushels per acre, oats -from 100 to 125, rye from 60 to 80. Irrigation has been practiced with -wonderful success around Wenatchee. The feasibility of applying nature -itself is remarkable. Here and there meander silvery streams of clear -water, which are made to spread over fertile tracts of land at any time, -and to any part wanted. No longing for showers to quench and sweeten the -thirsty soil bothers the farmer in this section. Irrigation is so easily -practiced, and the crops thus raised are so enormous, may it be grain -or fruit, that the eastern agriculturist cannot conceive our natural -advantages. Why linger on the hungry prairies of the east, freezing your -lives out, when opportunities like these are extended to you? Here you -can get a pleasant home, for a small trifle, where the air is mild and -soothing, where the soil is rich and easily cultivated. - -The Sound country is equally productive. Ay, inexhaustible. The -Washington fruit is known the world over for quality and quantity. -Magnificent orchards adorn every farm, and the smaller ranches, too, -enjoy the presence of wealthy apple, pear and plum trees. - -When you throw your eye upon Puget Sound, and behold the fleet of fish -barges, rolling upon her briny breast, a reminiscence of the coast of -Norway steals into your soul. Cohorts of men, mostly Scandinavians, -resort to the waves for subsistence. Herring and salmon throng the water -in rich abundance. Shoals of the latter race along the shores, fighting -their way up streams to spawn. Some become savory prey for bears, -cougars and wolves, others die a respectable death, or return to their -natural abode--the ocean. The halibut plays master among the smaller -species, and grows fat at their diminution. He cares nothing for streams -or shallow bays, but gambols friskily amidst the salty billows. - - [Illustration: MINING SCENES ON THE GREAT NORTHERN, - NEAR INDEX, WASHINGTON.] - -All the gold and silver in the bowels of the earth, and all the -glittering nuggets shining on her bosom did not ruffle the serenity, or -affect the wonted vagrancy of the Indians. To them the forest was a -nuisance and the saw mill a scarecrow. The singing brook was worthless -and the rolling river valueless, save as mothers of trout. They had no -love for higher aspiration, no instinct for advancement, no aim to -better their condition, no foresight to provide against the pitiless -influence of cold or heat, no sagacity, no frugality, no thought of -tomorrow, no pile of subsistence for a rainy day or helpless age, -troubled their minds. Life was to them a ceaseless dream of nothingness. -Superstition was their god and pride, reason a casual stranger which -rooted not in their souls. - -What has changed this sad drudgery of the Indians to a social -commonwealth? What has spurned the fiend of superstition to a shameful -death? What has invited reason and common sense to dwell peacefully -in our hearts? What has lifted the world from the thorny plane of -priesthood? What has wrested from the priestly hand the scepter of -government? Our forefathers knew it and provided for its development. -The pioneers of Washington had tested it, and prescribed it for -the coming generations. The log schoolhouse rose to their sweet -recollection of childhood days, then a frame building, then a brick -edifice. High schools were established, a state university was erected, -normal schools were founded, an agricultural college and school of -science was built. - - [Illustration: THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON.] - - - - -THE FIRST SCANDINAVIAN PIONEERS. - -CHAPTER II. - - - Dashed from shore to shore, - On the Pacific evermore, - Now sunk in grave or bent with years, - Dauntless pioneers. - -No class of people or nation deserves the title, cosmopolitan, better -than the Vikings. Their names mingle with the history of England, -France, Russia and Italy, and in the Western Hemisphere we find them all -over. To trace up the first Scandinavian that touched the shore of -Washington is difficult, if not impossible. No doubt but Scandinavians -made stoppings along the coast on their fishing expeditions to the north -before any white man had dreamt to pin his hopes to the North Pacific. -And it is probable, too, that some adventurous spirit of Viking blood -had been washed with American polish, and passed as a Yankee in the -Lewis and Clark expedition. It is safe to conjecture, however, that -some straggler from the sea-beaten shores of Scandinavia shared the -sufferings with the trappers of the Hudson Bay Company, or partook -of the hardships in John Jacob Astor's expeditions for the mouth of -Columbia river. These companies were made up of heterogeneous crews. The -mercurial French Canadian, the acute Yankee, the jolly Englishman, the -stern German, joined hands for the furfields, and it seems reasonable -that some hardy Scandinavian, too, was likely to abandon his fireside, -turn his back on civilization, and yield consent to a more romantic -life. - -A motley combine known as the Russian Fur Company had established an -emporium on the Pacific coast, and a number of trading posts in -the interior, ere the close of the eighteenth century, and it is -authentically evidenced that Scandinavians and Finlanders constituted -the minor force of the regiment of trappers and navigators. Let it -suffice to say, however, that these brave adventurers regardless of -genealogical type did much to sow information in the Old World of the -evergreen land west of the Rocky; and suffer it to be known that the -probability is that some intrepid Scandinavian sacrificed his life in -search for peltry, and that his bones rest in peace beneath the green -turf in the Pacific forest. This brings us to the influx of permanent -settlers. - -MRS. FREDERIC MEYER.--One of the first white women that breathed the air -of Pierce county was Mrs. Frederic Meyer, a Norwegian by birth. She left -her mother's hearth in Toten while a tender bud, fresh as a rose with -blooms of white and purple blushing on her cheeks. Few women are of -true romantic nature, their hearts, as a rule, are attached to social -affiliation around the fireside, but Mrs. Meyer figures as a typical -exception. Those that have known her well speak with kind tongues, -pronouncing her a model of her sex, chivalric in spirit, and brave, but -warm at heart. According to reliable information obtained in Tacoma, she -lit her feet on the green-trimmed shore, where the City of Destiny now -looms, forty odd years ago. She was married to an estimable German. - - [Illustration: A SCENE OF PIONEER LIFE.] - -HOOD'S CANAL ANDERSON.--Hood's Canal Anderson was a peculiar composition -of strange fancy. He was born in Denmark, and from childhood showed an -insatiable passion for the sea, which ripened into irresistible lust. -While a lad of vernal years he left his native seat to be dashed on the -briny waves from port to port. He saw the crystal ice of Lofoten, the -huge glaciers of Greenland, the thirsty greens of India, the foul bogs -of China, the flowery vales of Japan, the rich gold fields of Australia, -the teeming meadows of New Zealand. He was tossed from continent to -continent, from island to island. About forty-five years ago he drifted -ashore near Port Discovery, and under veil of night put wings to his -feet for the forest. The fascinating aspect of the country and the -aromatic sylva poured streams of delight into his soul. As he stood in -the early morn, gazing around in mingled awe and admiration, he was -surrounded by a red race, who, at first, gave vent to the horrible -dilemma of converting his heart to ashes or treating him as a slave, but -his ingenious demeanor turned their sanguinity to laughter, and Anderson -became their curious jocularity which melted to favoritism. He strolled -with the train of vagabonds alternately fishing and hunting up streams -and canoeing the Sound. Thus ten years were dragged out of his longevity -without mingling with white men. - -His longing for civilization vanished little by little, and the life of -celibacy settled heavily on his heart. He was a friend of the chief and -an admirer of his daughter, and it took only the big canoe to seal the -bargain. Anderson was rather long-headed for the red heathens, and got -the best of every deal. He was now the possessor of the biggest canoe, -save the royal ship, and was looked upon as independently opulent. Only -a word would change his life for better or worse. Finally he took the -delicate step and offered the huge dug-out in trade for the young -princess, which was accepted with loud eclat. - -The ban of the nuptial day was made public. The bride spared no -tiptoeing to make it highly royal. First was a coat of red paint, then -purple, tinged with green. A carefully administered shampoo of oil -followed, then a crands of wild flowers was critically twined to her -wealth of black locks with a few quills set on end in the most confused -bewilderment. Of course, Anderson did not fancy the odorous coat of his -intended, nor her pert of etiquette, but being as those things were -incidental to the dynasty, he darted approbation with his blue eyes, -thinking, "Costume is not permanent." - -From this time the chivalric Dane became a leader. He piloted the royal -squadron to Hood's Canal, where he squatted on a piece of land, hence -the sobriquet--Hood's Canal Anderson. - -He became attached to his wife, and she reciprocated with equal depth of -conjugality, and shaped her costume to meet his liking, yet Uncle Sam -pried into their warm nestling by passing a law to either separate -or marry according to his code. Of course, Anderson had to marry his -wife the second time, which he did like a loyal citizen. He took his -corpulent queen, placed her in the stern of the big canoe, and paddled -to Seabold, where they were united in holy ties by Harry Shafer, Uncle -Sam's matrimonial agent. Anderson bears the honor of being the first -white man on Puget Sound concubined to a squaw in accordance with the -laws of the United States. He was industrious and elevated compared with -his station, turned a wooded bit of ground to a flowery garden, and in a -corner, beneath a weedy sod, he rests unsung. - -PETER FRIBERG.--Peter Friberg, like Hood's Canal Anderson, has walked -the highway of frontier trials. He was born in Sweden, but when a mere -youth sought the waves. After years of trying experiences he found -himself on Puget Sound, among the floating Flatheads, about the same -time Anderson landed, but perchance drifted off with another flock of -red skins, consequently the two contemporaries were ignorant of each -others wanderings till later years, when they accidently met and shook -hands. - -Peter Friberg also threw his heart to a squaw, and with her he barged -along the shores making depredation on salmon and halibut, finally -pinning his future to a happy point running into the bosom of the Sound, -near Salmon Bay. - -MARTIN TOFTEZEN.--About two-and-forty years ago, a son of Norway -anchored his canoe on the north side of Whidbey Island. His name has -been pinned to its soil among the first on record. He was a pioneer of -heart and courage--chivalrous Martin Toftezen. He had drifted around the -Horn on a ship, and was tossed into the mouth of Puget Sound, where the -breath of the deep calmed to a gentle zephyr, and the wings of speed -flapped in disconsolation. The bark was dashed ashore by the angry -billows, caused by the agitating tide, and Toftezen stood in a transport -of mingled awe and perturbation. Nature was grand, enchantingly sang -the ripples up the fascinating arm, and mad in grandeur reared the -snow-capped peaks, flinging smiles of welcome. "Why reject the poetic -landscape? Nature's sweetness will smite the blue forehead of dreary -solitude." These thoughts rolled in his fancy, and up the Sound he -paddled, and settled on the green tail, where he wore out his life. - -PETER ANDRIAS PETERSON.--No man on the Pacific coast ever endured more -hardships than the personage in question--Peter Andrias Peterson--who, -about a year ago fell prey to an incidental injury, and was carried over -the stream for the unknown sea beyond. - -He was born in Denmark, 1828, and cast on the cold billows to struggle -for himself at the age of fifteen. A few years later he stepped ashore -in England, where he took a course in navigation to enable himself to -cope more successfully with the foam-crest surges. He embarked a ship -for India and Australia. In the latter place his mind was engrossed with -exciting reports from the gold fields, and thither he flew, a fugitive -of the sea. Success smiled on his brow, and wealth crowded into his -hands; but riches easily won are not highly treasured. In a wildcat -scheme he sunk his fortune, and before the dawn of a fresh week his -thousands were in the hands of others. - -This catastrophe, brought about by sheer mishap, drove him back to the -sea, and, in 1859, landed at Victoria, British Columbia. A buoyant -spirit, though wounded with ill-luck, will soar to felicity and breathe -vigor on green fields. Peterson was delighted with the verdure that -greeted his vision, and took a canoe excursion around the Sound. On -returning to Victoria, he was struck with the gold fever which raged -desperately in the Cascades and Sound country. He compromised with his -floating thoughts, bent his energy on a prospecting tour, and in two -days flocked together sixteen men. In his customary adroitness he took -command of the little army of gold seekers, and bore into the forest, -but when two hundred and twenty-five miles from Victoria, thirteen of -them lost courage and returned to the city. - -Peterson and his two companions proceeded up a small stream for some -days, and to their astonishment, one gray evening, fell upon four -white men actively engaged in picking gold nuggets. They staked out -a claim, glimpses of luck commenced to play on their cheeks, but died -ere a fortnight had gone to rest in the pensive dream of growing -forgetfulness. Their ration was getting low, and to save themselves from -falling victims to pitiless starvation, they raked together their pelf, -and returned to Victoria. - -In the spring an English syndicate mustered a regiment of fresh -recruits, a man of spirit and agility was wanted to head an expedition -into the mountains, and Peterson was offered the responsibility, as he -had already gained fame as a daring adventurer. It was suggested to -seek a new field, and a guide was secured to usher them along. First, -however, was to hunt up an easy pass, and to accomplish this, a knot of -fourteen men, headed by Peterson, was dispatched into the wilderness. -They fought their way through murky vales and climbed moss-bearded -brows, the day sunk behind the horizon and night wrapped them in -darkness. Thus they continued; but, alas! the guide disappears. The -others rambled through treacherous woods, thoughtless of any hazard. -Hours were consumed climbing over angry logs and chasing through -witching dingles, but the guide was neither heard nor sighted. - -The thirteen brave were lost in the forest where gloomy giants stretched -into a ghastly stillness, broken only by deceiving owls sailing over -their heads on disconsolate wings. For eight days they wandered without -a morsel to eat; grouse and pheasant were drumming through the air, and -deer gambolled in listless droves, but only to whet their keen appetite. -Their fire-locks were empty like their stomachs. - -After darkness comes sunshine, and to their exhileration tumbled into -an unknown mining camp. They were received as friends and immediately -treated to a savory table. One of the unfortunates being so greedy for -the palatable viands that he rose in the night to gormandize a heap of -pan-cakes, left from supper, and shortly after fell juicy feed for the -grave and worms. - -A new plan was formulated, two Scotchmen were sent back to Victoria -for provision, and the others remained at the camp. A couple of months -elapsed, and twenty-four miners halted at the gold-seeking hamlet where -the unlucky retinue joined them. - -The company, now numbering thirty-four, resumed their pilgrimage in an -easterly direction for nearly two hundred miles. The landscape swept up -into jutting brows and gray-headed peaks, and the forest fringed into -a scabby shrub of hungry appearance. The change in nature cast cold -currents into their souls, but soon melted into delight. A beautiful -stream grated their ears, and thither they flocked. - -Nature was now sweetness and grandeur, and fortune seemed to smile from -every leaf and twig. The blue heaven hung over them, here and there -dipped with shades of purple; the sun sent down his wealth of beams to -kiss their hardy cheeks; and the clear stream was busy making music -as it tumbled down jeweled precipices to swell the deep. They drank -hope and aspiration from the poetic environment, and each, as a loyal -soldier, embarked his assigned duty with happiness in his heart. Gold -was not doubted, before a month had slipped away, the precious metal -glittered in rich veins. - -A frontier mining camp, in the heart of savages, is a continuous scene -of sunshine and storm, of joy and despair. Precaution must be the -watchword of every individual, early and late; a careless step might -betray them to the altar of cruel slaughter. The book-keeper had been -appointed custodian of the fire arms, who, in a thoughtless way, or to -satisfy his greed, bargained the ammunition to the Indians. Oh, terror! -the happy camp was turned to a lake of blood. One sad night, in the -early part of winter, the savages stealthily fell upon the camp, and -like thieves entered the lodges, pointed their ill-gotten fire-pieces -against innocent breasts, and quenched the light within. - -Peterson and two Scotchmen escaped the murderous fire, naked they ran, -not dissimilar to deer over the snow, the former dashed into the river -where ten thousand pug devils, sitting in its bosom, bleeded his feet, -and the latter chased down the bank of the stream as in an elopement -from hell. After a month of severest suffering and hardship they reached -the gate of safety--Victoria--blood-stained and scraggy, hardly able to -combat the icy angel of death. The gold fever had ceased to ebb through -their veins. The two Scotchmen returned to their dear fatherland, and -Peterson built a boat and sailed for Stillaguamish where he sleeps in -peace under the green turf, three miles from Stanwood. - -FRED LANDSTONE.--In Swedish, Fredrik Landsten, a man of nomadic spirit -and fine intellect, was born in Sweden, and in the spring of manhood -ascended the horizon of sea-faring exploits. In 1860 he landed at San -Francisco, and a year later stept ashore at Port Discovery, Washington. -A score of years on the rolling brine had changed his mind for terra -firma. He resorted to logging camps and saw mills, working hard until -1876, when he retired on a piece of land three miles from Poulsbo, -where he still resides, slowly wearing out the balance of his years. - - [Illustration: THE CHILBERG FAMILY OF FOUR GENERATIONS--ALL LIVING. - John Charles Chilberg is behind the vase of flowers and his wife - the second to his left.] - -CHARLES JOHN CHILBERG (not John Charles as shown under the -illustration).--White with a wealth of snowy locks, and seven-and-four -scores of years hanging on his back, yet nimbly he frisks about on his -beautiful farm at Pleasant Ridge, Skagit county. This aged pioneer of -unusual endurance and grit, keen intellect and warm soul, was born in -Halland, near Laholm, Sweden, 1813, came to America, 1846, and located -in Iowa. In 1860 he visited Pike's Peak, Colorado, and in 1863 left -his family again, a loving wife and children, for the West with a view -to find a more congenial clime. For some time he traveled in Montana, -crossed the Rocky, and came to Puget Sound, 1865. The sweet-scenting -forest and the balmy heaven awakened his love for perambulation of the -Pacific, from British Columbia to the Golden State. He resolved to make -his future abode west of the Cascades, and in 1869 returned to Iowa -to remove his family to Washington, arriving at Pleasant Ridge the -following spring. - -Mrs. Charles John Chilberg and three of her sons, Joseph, John H. and -Charles F., came to the Pacific in the spring of 1871, and Isaac and B. -A. a few months later. James P. Chilberg has climbed the horizon of -pioneer adventures. In 1859 he landed in California, in 1864 traveled in -Oregon, and in 1870 beheld the rippling Sound and the Washington forest. -In 1872 Nelson Chilberg took a survey of the Pacific and three years -subsequent his brother Andrew threw his eyes upon the mighty ocean. - -ANDREW NELSON.--A jolly fellow, familiarly known as Dogfish Nelson, was -among the first Scandinavian pioneers. He was born in Denmark, 1832, -and landed as a sailor at Port Ludlow in 1867. Like many others he was -attracted by the country, and to drive away monotony took an Indian -woman for wife, as white women were almost unknown on the coast at that -time. Nelson has encountered many obstacles in his cruising among the -red skins and fierce brutes, but always managed to play the hero. He has -been industrious and convivial, and a flowery nest in Brown's Bay -bespeaks his rank. - -HANS HANSEN, a Dane, who resides at Alki Point, near Seattle, has earned -a footing among the early Scandinavian pioneers. His years on the -Pacific reach pretty nigh two scores. Knut Knutson, a native of Norway, -and also a resident of Alki Point, came to Puget Sound over thirty -years ago, and has passed through days of sun and storm. C. E. Norager, -likewise of Norse birth, places his disembarkation on the Pacific about -forty years back. - - - - -CHAPTER III. - - -Seattle, the metropolis of Washington, and the busiest city on the -Pacific coast, has a romantic history, as well as a history of thrift -and progress. Thirty-five years ago only a few log cabins set on the -shore of Elliott Bay, inhabited by a handful of pioneers. Bears and -cougars danced around their huts, and Indians skulked in lazy hordes at -their threshold. How changed! to day the Queen city is spread over about -fifty square miles of land, overlooking the melodious Puget Sound, and -dots the green borders of three fresh-water lakes with snug cottages. -She has a population of about 85,000, of which a large per cent are -Scandinavians. - - [Illustration: A SCENE IN THE HARBOR OF SEATTLE.] - -The first Scandinavian that visited Elliott Bay, of which we have any -authentic account, was Peter Friberg, formerly mentioned. Shortly after -came C. E. Norager and others referred to in the previous chapter. -Charles John Chilberg made a survey of the bay in 1865, when only a saw -mill and a sprinkling of shanties marked the presence of white men. In -1869, Edward Gunderson, a native of Norway, crossed the Rocky to make -Seattle his future habitation, which was then in its early embryo. The -same year, Amund Amunds, born in Racine county, Wis., of Norwegian -parents, removed to the city from Cowlitz county where he had -disembarked two years prior. Amunds grew opulent and invited the love of -all his associates. He was director and first vice-president of the -Scandinavian American Bank of Seattle, and heavily interested in real -estate. He was an energetic worker in the Ancient Order of United -Workmen, and received the highest honor--Grand Receiver of the -jurisdiction of Washington. He died four years ago and his funeral was -a solemn event. - -In 1872, Nelson Chilberg, son of Charles John Chilberg, made an -appearance, and three years later his brother Andrew was attracted to -the coast, as referred to in the previous chapter, and started the first -Scandinavian store in Seattle, in company with J. P. Chilberg. The -prospect was glittering and ere a year had died Nelson joined them in -grocery business, the firm being Chilberg Brothers. Andrew Chilberg soon -rose to popularity, became one of Seattle's most prominent citizens, and -an honor to the Scandinavians. - - [Illustration: SCANDINAVIAN-AMERICAN BANK OF SEATTLE.] - -He was born in Laholm, Sweden, March 29, 1845. When a lad of one year -he crossed the Atlantic with his parents, settling near Ottumwa, Iowa, -where he received his early education in the common schools. In 1860 he -left Ottumwa with his father and older brother, Nelson, for Pike's Peak, -Colorado, remaining two years, then returned to Iowa. In 1863 he crossed -the Rocky with a wagon train, arriving in Sacramento after a journey of -five months, September 24th. His health was harassed by exposure and -hardship in crossing the plains, and as an alternative of recovery -worked on a farm two years. Mr. Chilberg was anxious to complete his -education, and in 1866 returned to Iowa via Nicaragua and New York. -After taking a course in college he obtained a teacher's certificate and -engaged in teaching, but abandoned the profession after three years of -successful experience to enter a more lucrative position in Ottumwa. -In 1857 he journeyed to Seattle, where he still resides, embarking in -grocery business in company with his brother, the firm being Chilberg -Brothers. Three years subsequent to his arrival in the city, he was -elected to the city council, in 1879 appointed vice-consul for Sweden -and Norway, in 1882 chosen county assessor, and in 1885 intrusted -with the responsibility of city treasurer. In 1886 he was named city -passenger and ticket agent for the Northern Pacific Railroad, but -resigned, 1892, to accept the presidency of the Scandinavian American -Bank of Seattle. In 1896 he was elected to the board of education, and -the following year assumed the presidential chair. He was married to an -estimable lady, Miss Mary Nelson, in Iowa, November 5, 1874. They have -one son, Eugene, who is a young man of fine training, being educated in -the Seattle High School, Washington Agricultural College and School of -Science, and Washington State University. - -Peter Wickstrom.--With the first brigade of Scandinavians, Peter -Wickstrom marched in the front rank. He was born in Sweden, 1837, -arrived in St. Paul, Minnesota, 1868, and four years later beheld -the city of Portland, Oregon, and the same year located in Seattle. - -Louis and Henry Peterson.--The Peterson brothers were among the early -Scandinavians and the first to engage in the art of photography in the -city of Seattle. They were born in Norway but sailed for America while -young boys, arriving in Chicago, 1857, where they resided nineteen -years, leaving for Seattle, 1876. - -Martin C. Mortensen.--Mortensen was a native of Denmark, and arrived -in Seattle the same year as the Peterson brothers. He came to America, -1868, and two years later landed in San Francisco, spending six years -in that city, then journeyed northward. - -Christian C. Plough.--Vice-Consul Christian C. Plough is one of -Seattle's most highly respected citizens. He was born in Denmark, 1825, -and came to America, 1868, selecting Chicago for his first stopping -place, but after two months of abode in the Windy City he removed to -Nebraska, where he stayed one year. The Pacific was his aim and thither -he went, disembarked in Olympia, via San Francisco by boat, 1872, -where he remained three weeks. Portland, Oregon, had attracted -considerable attention as a city of business prospect, and Plough again -picked together his effects to resume another journey. He stayed in -Portland three years then removed to Seattle. In 1883 he was appointed -vice-consul for Denmark, served with honor until 1895 when he was -compelled to resign on account of ill health. Christian Geerstsen, a -man of honor and intelligence, came to America in company with Plough, -and also arrived in Seattle together. He was born in Denmark, 1839. - -Ben Jensen, now a resident of San Juan county, arrived in Seattle when -a dense forest clothed the principal streets. He was born in Norway, -came to America while a youth, and has proved a worthy factor to his -adopted country. Ole Egge, also a native of Norway, has shared the -hardships of the early Pacific. He is a man of intelligence, and enjoys -the respect of his countrymen. His son Peter is a bright man of -mechanical ingenuity, and landed in Seattle with his parents. - -In the more recent years, Scandinavians in Seattle have made great -progress in professional and business circles. In politics, too, -they have commanded notice, and in science and letters attention. -E. H. Evenson is the incumbent county auditor, and H. P. Rude -councilman-at-large. - -E. H. Evenson was born at Whitewater, Wisconsin, in the year 1852. His -early life was spent on a farm in Waupaca county, Wisconsin. At the age -of 18 he began to teach in the common schools in his neighborhood, and -with the money thus earned he started on a six years' course at Decorah -College, Iowa, from which he graduated in the spring of '79. During all -this time he taught common schools at intervals, and during vacations -worked in the harvest fields of Minnesota and earned the money with -which to pay his college expenses. Having finished his course at Decorah -College he entered the State University of Wisconsin, from which he -graduated with the class of '81. - -In the fall of the same year, Mr. Evenson secured a position as teacher -in Milton College, Milton, Wisconsin, where he remained for three years; -at the end of that period he removed to Madison, South Dakota, to fill a -place as teacher in the State Normal School at that city, which position -he occupied for two years; he was then elected county superintendent of -schools for Lake county, in which capacity he served two terms. At the -close of the last term he made another move west, to Puget Sound, and -settled on 40 acres of land near the town of Kent, where he now resides -with his family. He is at present serving his second term as auditor of -King county. - -Mr. Evenson is a firm believer in the "single tax" theories of Henry -George; that is, in placing all taxes on ground rents. The justice of -that method, he claims, is based on the following self-evident truths: - -"1st: That whatever the individual produces, belongs to the individual, -and whatever the community produces, belongs to the community. - -"2d: That the general rise in land value, commonly called ground rents, -is caused by the growth of the community and its competition for work, -and therefore, by right, belongs to the community. - -"3d: That, as taxes are needed for the welfare of the community, it is -only in accordance with natural and divine law that the community makes -use of this common fund before it resorts to the confiscation of what -properly belongs to the individual. - -"4th: That it is not only unjust in principle, but injurious to the last -degree in practice, that one man is taxed more for making land useful -and employing labor on it, than another is taxed for holding land idle -and keeping labor off it. - -"5th: That to tax labor or its products, is to discourage industry. - -"6th: That to tax land values to their full amount will compel every -individual controlling natural opportunities to either utilize them by -the employment of labor, or abandon them to others; that it will thus -provide opportunities of work for all men, and secure to each the full -reward of his labor." - - [Illustration: H. P. RUDE AND FAMILY.] - -H. P. Rude, the fearless councilman-at-large, of Seattle, was born in -Toten, Norway, March 4, 1861. He graduated from the public school at -the age of fifteen, later took a course in higher education at a private -institution. From boyhood he manifested native pluck which his career -plainly reveals. Unlike most boys, he spent his leisure studying and -learning the tailoring trade. Seeing that the seat of his birth being -too narrow for cosmopolitan development, he planned for the national -capital against the will of his father. In a confidential manner he -obtained two crowns from his grandfather, and under veil of night walked -forty-two miles, arriving at Dahl Station, Eidsvold, at ope of dawn, -from whence he took the train to Christiania. Though only a youth of -fifteen, he found employment in a leading tailoring establishment, and -attended school during evenings. In 1881 he emigrated to America, after -making a short stop in Chicago, he proceeded to Redwing, Minnesota, to -visit relatives who lived fifteen miles out in the country, in the state -of Wisconsin. Unable to articulate an English sentence, "but where there -is a will there is a way," crossed the river with an Indian, found the -road by means of a guide-post, and stalked the unknown distance. After -a pleasant reunion with friends and relatives, he returned to Redwing, -worked for some time at his trade, then embarked in business for himself. -His next move was to Minneapolis, where he found employment in a -fashionable store. He joined the Tailors' Union, having a membership of -200, and within a year became its president, and subsequently was chosen -a delegate to the Trade and Labor Assembly. He resigned from the Union -to engage in business of his own which he followed for some time. -After disposing of his interests in Minneapolis, he traveled in the -surrounding cities, then crossed the Rocky, arriving in Seattle, 1890, -during the transient boom of Anacortes, which attracted him to that -place, but returned to Seattle ere long. He worked for awhile as cutter, -then started a tailoring establishment of his own. - -For years he had been alert to public affairs, and in 1896 was elected -councilman from the Sixth Ward, the fusion stronghold, with a -large majority. He was renominated by the Republican party, but -councilman-at-large, and elected with an increased vote. On resignation -of Mayor Wood, he was instrumental in placing Judge Thomas J. Humes into -the mayor's chair. To the credit of Mr. Rude it must be said that he has -ascended to his political honors unsought, and that his record is -emblematic of honesty and ability. He has been opposing the perpetuity -of the gambling hells in the lower strata of the city in such a manner -that even his political enemies had to commend his course. His famous -resolution made the tenderloin district shiver with fear, while honest -men and women bowed with gratitude. The following is taken from a -leading daily of Seattle: - -"H. P. Rude, councilman-at-large, is entitled to great credit for his -endeavor to put a quietus to certain classes of crime so often indulged -in the various places of resort in the lower part of the city." - -Mr. Rude's influence among the members of the city council is made -conspicuous by his representation on the several committees. He is -chairman of the police license and revenue committee, and a valuable -member on the committees of finance, corporation, labor, public -buildings and grounds, and harbor and wharf. - -He was married, 1881, in Minnesota, to Miss Lina Sophia Larsen, a lady -of lofty character, to whom he was betrothed in Norway. She was born in -Eidswold, November 24, 1863, of highly respected parents, and emigrated -to America a few months subsequent to the arrival of her husband. They -have four children, Henry M. Rude, born in Wisconsin, March 14, 1883. -The other three are natives of Minnesota, George A. Rude, born May 3, -1885, Lillie Palma Rude, February 24, 1887, and Morris O. Rude, April -10, 1889. - -J. H. Ekstrand, a true son of Sweden, and an ex-minister of the M. E. -Church, is a Seattle pioneer. He came to the United States more than two -scores of years ago, and has been influential in both church and -political circles. - -E. A. Seaburg, a native of Sweden, has likewise given keen vigilance -to public affairs, always a stalwart republican. As regards men of -scholarly attainment, Rev. M. A. Christensen ranks among the most -polished on Puget Sound. He is an accomplished linguist and an eloquent -pastor of the Emmanuel Lutheran Church. H. M. Korstad, a graduate of the -University of Washington, is also master of several languages and a deep -student of ethics and psychology. He was born in the United States, but -his parents hail from Valders, Norway. His sister, Bertha Korstad, is a -prominent teacher in the public schools of Kitsap county. - - [Illustration: N. B. NELSON.] - - [Illustration: RIALTO BLOCK. - Occupied by Frederick, Nelson and Munro.] - -N. B. Nelson.--Very few have been more successful in business than the -personage in question--N. B. Nelson--of the firm, Frederick, Nelson -and Munro. He is a man of a lucky mixture--business, integrity, and -sociability. Mr. Nelson was born in Kristianstad, Sweden, July 31, 1857, -and like most boys in that country received a thorough schooling. -From boyhood he had nursed a liking to see America, and in 1875 landed -in Colorado, minus means, a stranger in a new world, and worst of all -unable to converse with the general public, but picked up the language -with marked rapidity. He bent his energy to farming, following the -pursuit for several years in Garfield county, but at the same time gave -keen eye to public affairs, and served the people as county commissioner -for three years. His attention was engrossed with the progress of the -Pacific, and thither he journeyed, 1891, and shortly after embarked in -furniture business on Pike street in a store less than twenty by sixty. -At present the firm of Frederick, Nelson and Munro occupies the Rialto -Block, in the very heart of the city, covering 105,400 square feet, more -than two and a half acres of household goods. The traffic of the firm -is immense, exceeding every establishment of its nature north of San -Francisco. Mr. Nelson was married, 1895, to an accomplished young lady, -Miss Teckla Johnson, born in Ronneby, Blekinge, Sweden. They have two -boys, Frederick Creigh Nelson and Chester Munro Nelson. - - [Illustration: AXEL H. SOELBERG.] - -Axel H. Soelberg, bank cashier and a respected citizen of Seattle, was -born at Ness Hedemarken, Norway, on March 2, 1869. He received a common -school education, graduating at the age of fourteen. In 1884 he secured -a position in the store of Jevanord Brothers in Brumundalen, with whom -he remained until in the spring of 1888, when he emigrated for America. -He arrived in Minneapolis on the morning of May 17th. A short time -previous, a number of Norwegian-American citizens of Minneapolis had -organized the State Sash and Door Manufacturing Company, and Mr. -Soelberg was offered the position as book-keeper a few days after -his arrival in the city. He served in this capacity for about two -years, then was elected secretary of the firm, and two years later -vice-president. In the spring of 1892, when the Scandinavian American -Bank of Seattle was organized, he was tendered the position as -book-keeper in the bank, and accepting, Mr. Soelberg found himself in -Seattle on one of the first days in April of that year. At the annual -meeting in 1894, he was elected cashier of the bank, which position he -now holds. Mr. Soelberg is a man of literary aptitude as well as of -business capacity, has contributed largely to the Seattle Daily Times -and other leading papers. He could have won laurels on the field of -letters as well as business notice in the world of traffic. In January, -1898, he was married to Miss Olga Wickstrom, an accomplished young lady -of Seattle. They have a beautiful home in one of the finest parts of the -city. - - [Illustration: DR. EILIV JANSON.] - -Drs. Ivar and Eiliv Janson.--Every Scandinavian is familiar with the -name, Kristofer Janson, the eminent Norwegian poet and novelist. - - No less a halo of the minstrel car, - Light brave Janson sows afar, - At thy torch superstition weeps, - Dogmas wilt in deftly labored heaps. - - The God of nature, - Love and truth, - Flash on thy wing to Age and Youth, - With gilded rod and silver tongue, - Thou riftst the creeds of ages long. - - From "An Ode to the Land of the Vikings." - -The two doctors in question are sons of this noble author, Ivar being -born in Bergen, Norway, March 1, 1865, and Eiliv in Sel, Gudbrandsdalen, -May 25, 1870. Both received their early education by private tuition, -and in 1882 emigrated with their parents to America, settling in -Minneapolis. They took advantage of the splendid school facilities -offered by that city as preparation for the state university of -Minnesota, where they graduated, 1892, with the degree of Doctor of -Medicine, M. D. Their collegiate records bespeak scholarly distinction -which have been made more emphatic by subsequent years. Immediately -after graduation, Dr. Ivar Janson was appointed assistant professor in -the medical department at his alma mater, but resigned the chair to take -a move westward, arriving in Seattle, 1895, where he enjoys an enviable -practice, being recognized as a leading surgeon on the Pacific. His -brother, Dr. Eiliv Janson, steered his fortune to Astoria, Oregon, in -the fall following his graduation, and soon rose to be one of the most -beloved physicians in the city. His ability invited the attention of the -public, and his practice grew immensely, being the largest in that part -of the state. The last year he has spent studying at the universities of -Europe, in Berlin, Dresden, Munich, Copenhagen and Paris, and will join -his brother in Seattle next June. The two doctors have evinced the -genius of their father, but in a different direction, the sire a poet, -the sons surgeons and physicians. The former has climbed the ladder of -fame, the latter are climbing it. They are both married to ladies of -rare abilities and accomplishments. Mrs. Ivar Janson is one of Seattle's -most gifted vocalists. "Think for yourself" is a soul-inspiring motto, -and is applicable to the Janson family. In spite of angry opposition -and glittering pelf the rich mind of Kristofer Janson has scattered -sunbeams of truth and thought. He has sought to lift his countrymen -upon the plane of reason and brotherly love. The sons have imbred their -father's soul of thought and sympathy, which the public echo in more -eloquent words than my pen. - - [Illustration: C. N. SANDAHL.] - -C. N. Sandahl.--Washington is dependent on the science of horticulture, -fruit is her future. Any man willing to bend his heart to the soil is a -valuable exponent in the upbuilding of the country. Few men have done -more in this line than the well-known floriculturist and nurseryman, C. -N. Sandahl, of 1123, Second Avenue, Seattle. He was born in Horsens, -Denmark, 1857; acquired his education in the public schools of his -fatherland, and in the smiling book of nature, where real knowledge -teems to an intelligent eye. In 1880 he emigrated to America, spent -ten years in Ohio and Minnesota, pursuing his chosen vocation, then -journeyed to Washington and located in Seattle. After a careful scrutiny -of the country he engaged in floriculture and nursery, which occupation -he is following with notable ability. Mr. Sandahl is a man of business -capacity as well as of scientific propensity, and honest and honorable. - - [Illustration: S. S. LANGLAND.] - -Samuel S. Langland.--Quiet of disposition but deep in thought, modest -in demeanor but aggressive in argument. The above words unfold Mr. -Langland's characteristic, an able lawyer of Seattle. He was born near -Stavanger, Norway, August 13, 1856, and emigrated with his parents to -Minnesota in the spring of 1867. His early boyhood experienced the -various hardships and vicissitudes incident to pioneer life. At the age -of fifteen he launched out for himself, choosing as a means of support -the apprenticeship of a tailor in Mancato, in which capacity he labored -a year and a half. From whence he went to St. Paul, a stranger in -an unwont sphere. English defied his tongue, but soon melted to his -grasping intellect. He worked at his trade about two years, but to -ascend to a higher stage of culture, he converted his energy to loftier -aims, worked for his board and attended private school, paying for his -tuition by doing janitor work, sweeping and keeping the schoolhouse -in order. After two years of assiduous study in this institution, he -entered the classical course of four years in the St. Paul High School -which he completed in three. In the fall of 1881 he was matriculated in -the same course at the state university, graduating with honor in -June, 1885. At the commencement exercises he distinguished himself by -delivering the most thoughtful and eloquent oration of the class, his -subject being "Is Man Advancing?" for which he received compliments from -the faculty and leading men of the state present on that occasion. His -struggles at the university with poverty symbolize an indomitable will. -He toiled evenings and Saturdays sawing wood and doing other manual -labor, his vacations were spent canvassing, or in the harvest field. -After darkness comes sunshine, and the year following his graduation he -was appointed professor of English Literature in the Augsburg Seminary. -In 1887 he studied law in St. Paul, was admitted to bar, and practiced -for some time at Moorhead, Minnesota, where he made rapid progress, being -nominated prosecuting attorney on the democratic ticket, but as that -party was in the minority he went to defeat with the rest of the -candidates. At Moorhead he was married to an estimable lady, Miss Esther -Annette Hutchison, and in December of 1890 moved to Puget Sound as -an alternative to regain health and vigor. Since 1891 he has been -practicing law in Seattle with growing promise, his specialty being real -estate litigation. - - [Illustration: A. LUNDBERG.] - -A. Lundberg.--The person of this sketch, the educated artificial limb -manufacturer, A. Lundberg, was born in Kalstad, Sweden, 1847, where he -received a good schooling and learned his benefactory profession. At -the age of twenty-one he set sail for America, locating in Minneapolis, -where he stayed until 1888, working at his trade. From whence he moved -to Spokane, Washington, residing in that city eight years. Seattle -had attracted notice as an appropriate seat for a man of science and -mechanical ingenuity, and thither he migrated in 1896, establishing his -headquarters in Sullivan Building, First Avenue. Mr. Lundberg is the -only artificial limb manufacturer in the state of Washington; he -was educated for this work in early youth and has followed it -uninterruptedly. In many instances he has wrought out wondrous results, -cured cases that defied medical science. He was married in Minneapolis, -January 24, 1877, to a pleasant lady, Miss Anna Dahlgren. They have -three children, Evalin, Denalda and Marie. - - [Illustration: C. G. W. ANDERSON.] - -C. G. W. Anderson.--Men are destined for divers avenues, but a -thoughtful man will follow the course of his inclination in the climax -upward, and success will smile as he proceeds. Mr. C. G. W. Anderson -seems to have incorporated this maxim. He was born in Sweden, September -24, 1856, where he enjoyed the benefit of a good schooling and a healthy -course in the curriculum of experience. At the age of twenty-six he left -his native soil for the New World, arriving in the United States, April -24, 1880. After ten years of various employment in the eastern states he -came to Seattle, engaging in hotel business on the corner of Terrace and -Fifth Avenue, where the Anderson looms in emphasis of the proprietor's -energy. Mr. Anderson is a man of a genial disposition, social and -affable and in all respects an honored citizen. - - [Illustration: OSCAR ANDERSON.] - -Oscar Anderson.--A man of honor and integrity is a worthy adjunct to -any community. Oscar Anderson belongs to this type which his career -bespeaks. He was born in Karlskrona, Sweden, January 13, 1859, where he -received a thorough education in the public schools. From boyhood he -showed talents attributive only to the soul of the genius. In 1872 he -entered the hardware business, but abandoned it after two years of -experience to pursue the vocation of his forte--jewelry and mechanism. -In 1879 he engaged in business for himself which he continued -successfully until 1893. During all these years he was employed by the -Swedish navy mending and adjusting the chronometers of the men-of-war. -In 1891 the Russian government engaged his ingenuity, and on one -occasion he worked three days and three nights repairing the -chronometers of the navy for which he received a remuneration of 297 -crowns. In 1892 he spent considerable time traveling in Denmark, partly -for pleasure and partly for studying the conditions of the country, -Copenhagen being the center of interest where he enjoyed himself for a -few months. The following year he sold out his business in Sweden and -emigrated for America, locating in Seattle, a stranger in a strange -country, but ere long his native "pluck" was manifested, and a fine -establishment at 406 Pike street emphasizes his ingenuity and business -ability. - - [Illustration: P. A. HALLBERG.] - -P. A. Hallberg.--Experience is the best teacher, a college course of -mere theories gives little knowledge of the world. A course in fighting -the billows of the deep, or wrestling with the stumps of the forest, is -of more practical worth than a head crammed with deceased tongues, or -theoretical airships. P. A. Hallberg corroborates my view with his -personal experience. He was born in Skone, Sweden, 1867, and in his -early teens sought the waves. He visited China and other oriental -climes, faced the angry surges of Cape Horn, and dashed ashore at San -Pedro, California, from whence he sailed northward, navigated for -some time as mate on Puget Sound, also served in the government marine. -After years of sea-faring life he turned his attention to terra firma, -located in Seattle and commenced new pursuits. He worked for three years -in the Union Bakery, then spent some time in a meat market, and in -1894 bought the Union Bakery, and four years later removed to Second -Avenue, between Pike and Union, where he is doing a large business. Mr. -Hallberg is a man who has won the respect of the people of Seattle by -his integrity of character and straight business method. - - [Illustration: JOHN NOGLEBERG'S STUDIO AND FINE ART STORE. - (Five separate departments.)] - - [Illustration: JOHN NOGLEBERG.] - -John Nogleberg, a gifted artist, portrait, figure and landscape painter, -of Seattle, was born in Kongsberg, Norway, February 21, 1861. He -received a splendid education in his native country in music, science -and art, and in 1881 emigrated to America, locating in Chicago, where he -studied at the Academy of Fine Art and at the Art Institute. After -nine years of close application to his chosen profession, he moved to -Seattle, where he has the largest establishment of its kind west of -Chicago, engaging constantly a number of employees in the different -departments. - -At the beginning of 1899 he moved into his elegant building on Second -Avenue, near Union Street, but from the present indication of business -his beautiful apartments will soon prove too small. He is an athlete and -an intense lover of nature. The soul of grandeur and sublimity seems to -be a part of his being, which his masterpieces plainly reflect. He is -fond of outdoor sport, fishing and hunting give him pleasant hours of -recreation. He is an active member of the Y. M. C. A., and a promoter of -the Norwegian-Danish M. E. church. In a word, Mr. Nogleberg is a true -gentleman as well as an artistic genius, being strictly temperance and -of noble aims and integrity. - - [Illustration: HANS HANSEN.] - -Hans Hansen, manager of the Union Fish Company, and a man of indomitable -will power, was born in Norway, July 20, 1859, where he laid his -foundation for an active career. In 1881 he arrived in Minneapolis and -six years later beheld the city of Seattle. He settled on a homestead in -the Quillayute valley, but returned to the Queen City after a few years -of experience at farming. In 1896 he was elected to the legislature, -and became noted for his opposition to fish traps, and his earnest -support of Hon. George Turner for United States senator. He has been a -frequent contributor to the different papers on political and reform -topics. In religion he is a Methodist. - - - - -SCANDINAVIANS IN SEATTLE. - -CHAPTER IV. - -SOCIETIES--PRESS--PROMINENT CITIZENS--CHURCHES. - - -Scandinavians in Seattle have contributed largely to the social feature -of life. They have organized a number of societies, some flourished -immensely for some time, then died a natural death, others have continued -to prosper through sun and storm. The Normanna Literary and Social Club -was among the first Norwegian societies, but alas! only a few days of -sunshine then clouds and dispersion. The Baltic Lodge, I. O. G. T., was -placed on record February 10, 1888, and has since its birth drank vigor -from the fountain of wholesome reform. In a word, it is the healthiest -Scandinavian society in the city of Seattle, and some of the members -merit gratitude for their indefatigable work. G. Nygard, Gust. Thompson, -Ole Finnoy, Martin Erickson, Ole Larsen, James Eggan, Anton Peters, B. -H. Miller, Peter Peterson, W. T. Hillestad, A. Zaar, and Belle and Lena -Egge, Christina Newgard, Augusta and Lottie Stromberg, Mrs. Emma Eggan, -Ida Peters and Matilda Iverson have sacrificed both time and energy for -the advancement of the temperance cause. - - [Illustration: THE BALTIC LODGE, I. O. G. T., ON A PICNIC.] - -A Swedish society, baptized Svea, the 31st of May, 1894, had but a few -struggles with the chilly world. The following year it withered into -oblivion unsung. Nordmændenes Sangforening (Norwegian Singing Society) -was organized in November, the same year, but soon gave signs of -ephemeral existence. The Sagatun was born the year after, lingered on a -narrow path for a while, finally fell into an innocent grave. - -The Swedish Club, organized in 1892, is a healthy and vigorous society. -From its embryo to the present time it has had a smooth run of sunshine -and prosperity. It takes unity of hearts and energy to steer a social -fleet through all sorts of weather from the tiny stream of embarkation -into the calm sea of triumph. The Swedish Club has accomplished this. -The object of the organization is exclusively fraternal, to unite the -Swedish elements in the city by friendly ties, and to extend a warm -hand to those coming within its reach from other cities or climes. The -first officers were: H. E. Humer, Prest., Rudolph Alm, V. Prest., David -Petree, R. Sec., G. Edinholm, F. Sec., Andrew Chilberg, Treasurer, A. T. -Lundberg, Librarian, Hugo Hettengren, M. C. At its rift of morn only -thirty-two names smiled on the recording scroll, while now two hundred -members in good standing bespeak its strength, with the following -incumbent officers: J. M. Johnson, Prest., N. J. Nyquist, V. Prest., A. -Zaar, R. Sec., H. J. Norden, F. Sec., N. B. Nelson, Treasurer, A. T. -Lundberg, Librarian, J. Nyman, M. C., and P. J. Melin, Otto Roseleaf and -D. Nordstrom, Trustees. - -The Danish Brotherhood, a national league of high standard, aiming to -benefit and to educate, found admission to Washington about eleven years -ago. The Seattle Lodge 29, was organized April 8, 1888, with eleven -chartered members, which now numbers one hundred and fifty. The Danish -Sisterhood, an auxiliary to the Danish Brotherhood, has taken steps in -the right direction, working to sweeten and strengthen the ties of love -and mutual amicability. - -The Norwegian Workingmen's society sprang into existence about eight -years ago, and lived through many scenes of joy and pathos, now -flourishing, now trembling to its foundation. Alas! detonating meteors -exploded within its labyrinth and gloomy melancholy spread her black -veil, an oratorical flower dropped here, and a declamatory bloom there, -at last the tree of support shivered in chilly desolation, and withered -into nothingness. - - [Illustration: THE 17TH OF MAY COMMITTEE, 1899. - A. Dahl, H. P. Rude, Erik Frisch, N. A. Christof, Frank Oleson, - Jacob A. Hendricks.] - -The Norse Club, organized three years ago, has reveled in healthy -sunshine, and smiling tendrils have encircled its prop. The 17th of -May, 1899, bespeaks its culmination. The celebration of Norwegian -independence under its banner was a marked event among the -Scandinavians. - -Thousands of people gathered at Madison Park, Seattle, from all parts -of the Sound, to participate in perpetuating the memory of the Norse -heroes. Honor is due to the following gentlemen for launching and -piloting this social ship into a haven of safety: H. P. Rude, C. M. -Thuland, Frank Oleson, Christian Bolgen, A. J. Thuland, A. H. Soelberg, -B. A. Clausen, N. A. Christof, A. Scottness, Theodore Pederson and -Julius Sunde. - -Fremad, the social wing of the Norwegian Lutheran church, has lived -through many upheavals, and yet looks forward with unclouded eyes. The -other Scandinavian churches have their inviting adjuncts, but of more -recent date, which tender valuable aids to their respective mothers. - - [Illustration: JAMES EGGAN.] - -Scandinavians in Seattle have been fortunate in having men and women -gifted and willing to make the social feature of life entertaining -and successful. Of all the gaudy society flowers, no one merits more -applause than the genial photographer, James Eggan. He was born in -Osterdalen, Norway, 1872, came to America in 1880, locating in the city -of Minneapolis. From boyhood he evinced unusual talent as a comedian and -as an artist. He could have gathered jewels on the stage as well as in -the photographic studio. In 1889, he set out for the Pacific, and -after taking a survey of the picturesque Puget Sound, selected Seattle -as his future abode. Though only a youth of seventeen, yet he soon -invited the attention of the public in both the social and the artistic -world. Not only is Mr. Eggan possessed of natural endowments as a -photographer and as a reciter, but is a true type of integrity and -honesty. - -Very few cities of three decades in the United States can boast of more -short-lived Scandinavian newspapers than Seattle. The Scandinavian -Publishing Company was the first on record, and issued two Scandinavian -weeklies, viz., Vestra Posten and Washington Posten, which yet live and -thrive. This company dissolved, and from its dissolution sprang two -others; The Swedish Publishing Company, issuing Vestra Posten and a -Norwegian concern of similar nature, publishing Washington Posten. - -Vestra Posten was founded by N. P. Lind and T. Sandegren, and Washington -Posten by Frank Oleson, assisted by Julius Sunde. The former is at -present in the hands of N. G. Lind, J. W. Martin and A. Olson, who have -raised the paper to a high standard. The latter is owned and edited by -A. J. Thuland. C. M. Thuland, now lawyer, also gave heed to journalism. -He turned out Seattle Tidende and The North, but both fell into an early -tomb. - -Julius and Engward Sunde organized and published Fram, which blossomed -and bore fruit, but one sad day it was stretched on a lazy bier and -wheeled to the grave. Folketidende popped into existence about four -years ago but through some intrigue it died and was buried minus tears -and ceremony. Folkets Blad was the next of the ephemeral journals; it -was born in 1899, lingered through a few sunny months, then swallowed, -without pity, by Tacoma Tidende. - - [Illustration: GEORGE BECH.] - -Anent men of literary ability among the Scandinavians, George Bech, -without doubt, stands in the first rank. He is a well-known author, -musician and business man of Seattle, born in Roeskilde, Denmark, April -4, 1846. After finishing his education in the State School, 1865, he -was awarded the degree of A. M., and the following year took examin -philosophicus, Ph. M., at the University of Copenhagen; studied -mathematics for some time, then went into business, trading in Norway, -Sweden and Germany, but always assiduously at work during leisure -writing poems and novels for the different journals of Denmark and -Norway. In the latter country he made acquaintance with Olaf Lofhus, -editor of "Bergens Tidende," to whose paper he frequently contributed, -and Johan Sverdrup, then president of the National Storthing, in whose -house he was a welcome guest. In 1887 he left Copenhagen, arriving in -Seattle, August 22, where he found a rich field for his literary talent, -for some time contributing to local and other papers, then editor of -Folkedidende, and later Folkets Blad. He has written an exquisite -dramatic work, "Hæng Ham," and a song, "Old Glorious Glory," which -he has also put to music. It is Mr. Bech's ambition to have his song -adopted as a national hymn. He was married in May, 1880, and has one -son, sixteen years old. - - [Illustration: GRAEBERT ANDERSEN.] - -Graebert Anderson, an eloquent ex-minister of the M. E. church, and -a gifted writer, was born in Denmark, 1860. After graduating from the -public schools, he spent some time in private study, with a view of -entering some academy, but instead of carrying out his plan, he left for -America, when about eighteen years old. Shortly after his arrival in the -New World, he commenced to prepare for the ministry of the M. E. church -at the university in Evanston, Illinois. Here he spent five years, -then migrated to the Pacific, where he has been recognized as the most -eloquent pulpit orator among the Scandinavians on the coast, and has -served as expounder of the gospel in the largest Norwegian-Danish -churches, namely in Oakland and Eureka, California, and Tacoma and -Seattle, Washington. Two years ago he resigned from the ministry to -devote his time to journalism. In 1889 he was married to Miss Lottie H. -Christensen, a lady of fine education, a teacher in the public schools -of Racine, Wisconsin. They reside in Seattle, where Mr. Anderson is -interested in newspaper business, being secretary of the Tacoma Tidende -Publishing Company, with office in Coleman building, First Avenue, -Seattle. - - [Illustration: REV. JOHN JOHNSON. - Presiding Elder of the Swedish M. E. Church.] - - [Illustration: SWEDISH M. E. CHURCH, SEATTLE.] - - [Illustration: SWEDISH BAPTIST CHURCH, SEATTLE.] - - [Illustration: NORWEGIAN-DANISH LUTHERAN CHURCH, SEATTLE.] - - [Illustration: NORWEGIAN-DANISH BAPTIST CHURCH, SEATTLE.] - -Scandinavians have been liberal in their contributions to religious -worship. Eight Scandinavian churches in the city of Seattle join to -confirm this fact. The various denominations are represented: Lutheran, -Methodist, Baptist, and Mission Friends. There are one Swedish and two -Norwegian-Danish Lutheran churches, one Swedish and one Norwegian-Danish -Baptist churches, one Swedish and one Norwegian-Danish Methodist -churches, and one Swedish Mission church. - - - - -SCANDINAVIANS IN BALLARD. - -CHAPTER V. - - -Ballard merits the appellation, City of Smokestacks. No small town west -of the Rocky has more factories. Saw mills and shingle mills are sending -clouds of smoke into the air day and night, and brigades of industrious -men are busily engaged. The city has been regarded by many as a suburb -of Seattle, but this is a misinterpretation. True, Ballard is near -Seattle, and is connected to it by a well-equipped street railway, but -has its own government. - -The first Scandinavian who touched Salmon Bay, half a mile below -Ballard, was probably Peter Friberg. In 1875 Gustaf Anderson pitched his -tent on a green spot near the rippling water where he yet resides. He -was born in Sweden, crossed the Atlantic in 1864, and spent several -years in Chicago before coming to the Pacific. He is a man of -intelligence and holds a respectable rank among the people. Ole -Schildstad, a native of Norway, and highly respected, arrived -simultaneously. - -In those early days Ballard was undreamt. The smoke which now curls -above its bustle did not enter the calm of the pioneers' hearts. -They were contented with the peregrination of daily necessity. Few -Scandinavians then stalked the dense forest which clad the turf where -five thousand people now dwell midst noise and progress, but today over -one thousand Vikings mingle in the various walks of life in the town. - - [Illustration: JOHN JOHNSON.] - -John Johnson, the leading merchant and an intelligent and honored -citizen, is a native of Norway, being born March 26, 1862, midway -between Trondhjem and Levanger, where he received his early education. -At the age of ten he emigrated to America, locating at Muskegon, -Michigan, attended the public schools three years, worked in a saw mill -four years, and clerked in a grocery store seven years. In 1886 he -launched into business for himself which he is pursuing with marked -success. During the same year he was married at Muskegon to a cultured -young lady, Miss Magna Nelson, whose parents hail from Tromso, Norway. -In 1893 Mr. Johnson moved to Ballard and immediately embarked in grocery -business. His large establishment and business method plainly reflect -his ability, and a multitudinous circle of friends bespeaks his -generosity and integrity of character. - - [Illustration: FRANK ENGQUIST.] - -Frank Engquist, the well-known merchant tailor of Ballard, was born in -Sweden, 1861, received a fine education in his native country, and in -1882 crossed the Atlantic for the United States, settling at Moline, -Illinois, where he remained one and a half years. His next journey -was to Minneapolis, where he found employment in one of the largest -tailoring establishments in the city. In 1888 he migrated to Seattle, -Washington, and shortly after resumed his chosen occupation. He was -attracted by the fascinating aspect of the Sound, and abandoned his -business to try his hand at agriculture in Rolling Bay. The gigantic -trees and stubborn stumps plucked the laurels of his fancy, and in -1896 started business in Ballard, where he is permanently located. Mr. -Engquist is an expert workman, honest and intelligent, and what is still -loftier, a perfect gentleman. - -P. E. Paulson, a genial business man, was born in Norway, 1865. His -father was a prominent educator, having been engaged in school work -about forty years. Mr. Paulson enjoyed the benefit of an excellent -education, and in 1882 sailed for America, locating in Rock county, -Minnesota. After two years of various occupation he arrived in Sioux -Falls, South Dakota, where he stayed two years. The Pacific exercised a -peculiar charm, and thither he emigrated, making Skagit valley his first -stopping place, and afterward located in Ballard, where he now resides. -Mr. Paulson is a leading member of the Foresters of America and other -organizations. He is a man of a kind disposition, and universally -respected. - -I. C. Olson is a true type of honesty and individual character. He was -born in Norway, and for years resided in Minneapolis. He came to the -coast in 1893, settling in Ballard. In 1898 he was elected to the -legislature, where he distinguished himself as a man of integrity and -sound judgment. - -Thomas Anderson is a rising grocer, and a prominent member of the -Norwegian Baptist church, Revs. O. L. Hoien and G. Berg are well liked -and earnest ecclesiastics. Rev. Martin Berg is editor of Kongeriget and -an eloquent advocate of Christian principles. - - [Illustration: A RUSTIC BRIDGE AT POINT DEFIANCE PARK, TACOMA.] - - - - -SCANDINAVIANS IN TACOMA. - -CHAPTER VI. - - -Tacoma, or the City of Destiny, is the second city in population in the -State of Washington, and the first in natural grandeur. It is situated -on fine terraces, commanding a beautiful view of Commencement Bay and -the Sound for miles distance. Mt. Rainier, or Tacoma, towers over the -city, and his head of snow and checkered bosom fills the soul with awe -and wonder. - - Pride of the West, austere and grand, - The noblest in Freedom's Land, - To thee my soul is turning, - In sapphire flames thou burning; - Like spheres that walk the solar planes, - Thy mellow blaze through heaven rains, - Siren in cloudland high, - Scene bewitching to my eye. - - How thy cheeks hang in a silvery glow! - Awful in look is thy head of snow; - In thy face I read Heaven's mighty arm, - The power of God that bids thee charm, - A landscape rich in song and flowers, - In rhyming pine and vocal bowers, - In dancing ripples of laughing gold, - In streams of music leaping bold. - - [Illustration: MOUNT RAINIER, OR TACOMA.] - -Scandinavians have made Tacoma their stronghold, about 10,000 dwell -within the city boundary. Some rank among the most thrifty and highly -esteemed citizens. They also bear the honor of being among the early -pioneers who gave light and courage to subsequent settlers. Mrs. -Fredric Meyer, a native of Norway, previously alluded to, was one of -the first white women to alight in Pierce county. Anton Malm, born in -Sweden, came to the coast in 1870, and mingled with the first pioneers -of Tacoma. - -The Scandinavian business and professional men of Tacoma merit kind -consideration. They have risen to prominence and invited the confidence -and respect of all regardless of nationality. A biographical history of -the most prominent confronts itself. They are exemplary men, and their -rise to affluence and influence in an honest, straightforward manner is -worthy of emulation. - - [Illustration: PROFESSOR OLOF BULL.] - -Professor Olof Bull.--There are but few whose souls are imbued with -divine strains. Music like poetry is born with a man. When Ole Bull was -asked, "Who taught you to play so sweetly?" he answered, "Norge's hoie -Fjeld og dybe Dale" (Norway's high mountains and deep dales). The name -of Olof Bull is synonymous to that of Ole Bull. The former came from -Sweden, the latter from Norway. Prof. Olof Bull was born in Undersvik, -Helsingland, Sweden, March 31, 1852. His parents were Olof and Katarina -Bull, his father is dead but his mother still lives. From early -childhood he evinced extraordinary talent for music which was cultivated -to a marked degree under A. Sorenson and other masters. In 1869 he -sailed for America, arriving in St. Paul, where he rapidly gained fame -as a genius violinist. In 1876 he organized the "Olof Bull Concert -Company" which scattered divine music the land over, and rose to -enviable reputation. In 1881 he was appointed musical director of the -Boston Opera, which he resigned in a year to accept the professorship of -violin in the Chicago Musical College, where he remained until 1890, -when he journeyed to Tacoma to be installed as musical director of -Tacoma Theatre, which chair he is filling with distinction. Professor -Olof Bull is a genius as a violinist, and greater still a man of -character, kind and compassionate. - -O. B. Selvig.--The esteemed cashier of the Metropolitan Bank of Tacoma, -O. B. Selvig, was born near Drammen, Norway, in 1851. He received a fine -education, and at the age of seventeen bid farewell to his native seat -for America, arriving in Kandiyohi county, Minnesota, with his parents. -Young Selvig, like others who come to a new country with scanty means, -had to do his own rustling. He worked in different places at hard manual -labor up to 1878, when he secured a position in the postoffice at -Willmar, and two years later received the appointment of postmaster, and -shortly after became head agent for the American Express Company. He -served faithfully for seven years in this capacity, then resigned to -accept a more lucrative employment in the Kandiyohi County Bank. In the -fall of 1888 he migrated to Tacoma, Washington, and after cultivating -acquaintance with influential men in the city, he was tendered a -position in the Metropolitan Bank, and soon rose to cashier. Mr. Selvig -is not only a man of business, but of honor as well; one beloved and -respected by all. - - [Illustration: H. E. KNATVOLD.] - -H. E. Knatvold.--In the fall of 1892, the Scandinavian American Bank of -Tacoma was organized, with a capital stock of $100,000, raised partly in -Tacoma and partly in the east. H. E. Knatvold, well known in business -circles, was elected cashier and general manager of the institution. He -was born in Drammen, Norway, September 3, 1848, where he obtained his -early education. At the age of fourteen he sailed with his parents for -the United States, settling in Freelom county, Minnesota. He engaged -in farm work, and spent his leisure studying, thus acquiring a fair -knowledge of English. At the age of twenty-one he removed to Albert Lea, -where he secured a clerkship in a store. To prepare himself to cope more -efficiently with the surges of the world, he relinquished his position -to take a course in Western College, Iowa, and shortly after embarked in -hardware business in Albert Lea. In 1884 he crossed the Rocky for the -Pacific, locating in Tacoma. He engaged in farming and real estate which -he followed successfully until 1892, when he was ushered into the chair -of cashier in the Scandinavian American Bank, which position he has -filled with credit ever since. Mr. Knatvold is a man of honor and -energy. - - [Illustration: DR. C. QUEVLI.] - -Dr. C. Quevli.--It is a conceded fact that C. Quevli, of Tacoma, is -one of the most highly learned doctors on the Pacific. He was born -in Blakjer, Norway, June 24, 1864. When six years old he left his -fatherland with his parents for America, locating in Jackson county, -Minnesota, where he received the education that the common schools -could afford, then took a course at St. Olof's College, Northfield, -afterward entered the State University of Minnesota, where he graduated -with the degree of M.D. He launched into a successful practice at -Lamberton, Minnesota, but his soul was thirsting for more knowledge, -and to satisfy this he sailed for Christiania, Norway, where he took a -post-graduate course. On returning to the United States he selected -Tacoma for his future abode. Here he practiced three years, then -returned to Europe to continue his studies at the University of Berlin, -from whence he crossed the channel to England, and took a post-graduate -course in Kings College and Hospital of London. Afterward he traveled in -France and other European countries before voyaging to America. Dr. C. -Quevli is a physician of enviable reputation, but that is not all; he is -a gentleman beloved and honored. - - Empires rise to fall again, - But truth and love never die; - Greater the man with sunshine in his soul, - Than kings who woo the fading star of fame. - - [Illustration: DR. J. L. RYNNING.] - -Dr. J. L. Rynning.--The well-known doctor and professor of physiology in -the Pacific Lutheran University, J. L. Rynning (formerly Dr. J. L. -Jensen), of Tacoma, has gained friends and eminence in his chosen -profession. He was born in Iowa, 1858, of Norwegian parents, who removed -to the frontier of Minnesota while he was an infant of one year. Young -Rynning did not enjoy the opportunities that most boys have. The -schoolhouse was unknown to him until ten years of age. When time offered -a rural schooling he took advantage of it as preparation for the public -school of Rushford, later studied at the academy of Madison, Wisconsin, -and Luther College, Decorah, Iowa. He had a whim for the West, and -migrated to Montana where he engaged in school work. Mines, too, invited -his notice, and during his vacation of 1889 held the superintendency of -a silver mine in Montana. Mining, however, was abandoned for a more -professional career, and in 1892 graduated from Rush Medical College in -Chicago with the degree of Medicinæ Doctor, M. D. Immediately after -graduation he located at Butte, Montana, where he practiced for -some time. In 1893 he was married in Minnesota to Miss Marie Ellertson, -a lady of fine training, and took a wedding trip to the Pacific. He -foresaw the great future of the country, and removed to Stanwood, -Washington, to follow his profession. When the Lutheran University was -established at Parkland, he removed to Tacoma to tender his aid to the -institution. In this city he is permanently located, encircled with a -multitude of friends. Dr. Rynning is a man of heart as well as ability, -honest, kind and sympathetic. - - [Illustration: ERIC EDW. ROSLING.] - -Eric Edw. Rosling.--Tacoma has reason to feel proud of the personage of -my pen, Eric Edw. Rosling, one of the ablest lawyers on the coast. He -was born in Stockholm, Sweden, March 3, 1865, and came to Boston with -his parents while a young boy. From infancy he displayed extraordinary -talents, which subsequent years have made more realistic. After -acquiring a liberal education he entered the Boston University Law -School, where he graduated with honors, completing a three years course -in two. In 1890 Mr. Rosling arrived in Tacoma and at once manifested the -same tireless energy which characterized his success at college. As a -lawyer he has but few equals, his logical and oratorical endowments make -him especially fit for the eminent profession he is pursuing. He is a -man of literary taste and studious habit which his large law and private -libraries join to emphasize. In 1897 he was appointed by the Supreme -Court of Washington as chairman of the committee to examine applicants -for admission to the bar. In politics he is a republican, but has -refused to accept any political office save the office of city -prosecuting attorney during Huson's administration. Twice he has been -elected to the board of education and has filled with distinction its -presidential chair. His deep interest in educational and church work has -made him a valuable factor throughout the Pacific. His oration at the -Willamette Chautauqua Assembly, Oregon City, in July, 1898, and his -address at the National Educational Association, Los Angeles, 1899, -placed him before the nation as an eloquent speaker and a finished -scholar. He was married at Tacoma, December 12, 1890, to Miss Minnie -Belle Lincoln, an accomplished lady of Boston. They have three children -and a beautiful home in the finest part of the city. - - [Illustration: J. M. ARNTSON.] - -J. M. Arntson.--Self-made men, as a rule, become the leaders in a free -country where ability shines with unclouded luster. The individual in -question, J. M. Arntson, a rising lawyer of Tacoma, is a representative -of this class. He was born on a farm in Waukesha county, Wisconsin, -1858, where his parents, Johannes and Mekaline, settled in 1844, they -being among the first Norwegian emigrants to that part of the state. -When eight years of age his parents removed to the central part of -Minnesota where they engaged in general merchandise business. Here young -Arntson was reared and trained for a mercantile career, his education -was obtained in the public schools and by private instruction. He was -married at Willmar, Minnesota, 1882, to Miss Annie M. Olson, a lady of -heart and character, and the next year joined the army of homeseekers, -attracted to the shores of Puget Sound, and settled in Tacoma, -Washington. Since coming to this city he has been engaged in various -pursuits, first grocery then real estate. From youth he had possessed -an inclination for law, and to yield to his forte, he closed out his -business, and devoted his whole time to legal acquirements. In 1894 he -was admitted to bar, and immediately embarked in practice which has -constantly grown more promising. In 1898 he received the appointment as -clerk of police court, and in connection with the duties of his office -continues a lucrative practice. Though Mr. Arntson was born and raised -in America, yet he has been a warm friend of the Norwegians, always -ready to extend a helping hand when needed. He is delighted with -Norwegian literature, being conversant with social and political -problems. - - [Illustration: GUSTAF LINDBERG.] - -Gustaf Lindberg, a representative business man of Tacoma, was born in -Vermland, Sweden, November 22, 1865, received a careful education, and -at the age of fourteen embarked in business as clerk in his native -place. In 1881 he chose the national capital of Sweden for his abode, -where he obtained a clerkship with the firm of C. A. Schweder. Being of -studious nature and industrious habit, he worked faithfully during day, -and attended school during evening, thus acquiring a store of useful -learning and applicable experience. In 1889 he left the land of his -birth for America, locating in Tacoma, where he found employment with -the grocery firm of Forbes & Wose. After two years of service with this -company, he joined his brother John in the grocery business, now a -leading establishment on the corner of Eleventh and G Streets. Mr. -Lindberg is a prominent factor in the Swedish-Lutheran church and a -worthy member of the Tacoma Chamber of Commerce, and in all respects -an honored citizen and a true gentleman. - - [Illustration: S. SAMSON.] - -S. Samson.--For being a young man few have displayed steadier habits and -more business capacity than the congenial proprietor of the People's -Hotel and Restaurant, 913 Pacific Avenue, Tacoma. He was born in Ostra -Torsa, Kronoberg, Sweden, November 29, 1869, where he enjoyed the -training of splendid school facilities. In 1888 he crossed the stormy -Atlantic, and selected Tacoma for his permanent location. During his -early time in the New World he shared the vicissitudes of circumstances, -ever converting his leisure to useful acquirements. The language was -foreign to him, but being of docile aptitude this obstacle did not long -impede his progress, soon he could handle the English tongue with ease -and fluency. Business seemed to be his forte, which he embarked in some -years ago and has followed with marked success. He is a member of the -Tacoma Chamber of Commerce and owns considerable real estate in the -city. Mr. Samson has always been awake to the interest of the Pacific, -and especially his own town. He is a worthy citizen and enjoys the -respect of the people. - - - - -SCANDINAVIANS IN TACOMA. - -CHAPTER VII. - -SOCIETIES--PRESS--PROMINENT CITIZENS--CHURCHES. - - -A number of Scandinavian societies have sprung into existence in Tacoma -the last two decades. The Valhalla, a Swedish fraternal and beneficial -organization, was the first that blossomed into prosperity. It was -organized December 15, 1884, with G. F. Linquist, president, H. Nyman, -vice-president, H. Ohlin, secretary, W. P. Sundberg, treasurer, R. -Bomen, financial secretary, Charles Berg, master of ceremony. Only -few signed the constitution at its early launching, but has gradually -increased in membership to 125 in good standing. A praise-worthy band, -known as the "Swedish Valhalla Military Band," was founded by the -society to grace its work with sweet music. - -The Norwegians organized a lodge of similar nature as the Valhalla, -baptized, The Ancient Order of Vikings, which, too, embarked with a -handful of supporters, but through perseverance and wise management -bloomed into one of the best Norwegian societies in the state. The aim -of this compact is broad and laudable, being like that of the I. O. O. -F., or other secret organizations of high standard. The Vikings was born -in 1892 with the following hard workers in the lead: John Blaauw, Thomas -Knudson, G. O. Sande, Ed. Haug and Sam Haug. - -The Danish Brotherhood was instituted in March, 1889, with fifteen -members, and has flourished these years remarkably. At present it has -sixty on the roll, with a flowery adjunct, the Danish Sisterhood, which -has tendered the fraternal order kind assistance. - -Haabet, a Norwegian literary society, has grown in vigor and number, and -is proving valuable to literary culture. The incumbent officers are: -Con. Bjorklund, Prest., Jacob Slippern, V. Prest., H. Hansen, Sec., John -Blaauw, Treasurer, G. O. Sande, Librarian, Hans Tokelsen, Editor. - -The Norden, I. O. G. T., founded in early days, wrought out many -disagreeable obstacles, and planted seeds of moral purity, but the panic -of recent years scattered the prop of support to the four wings of the -world, and the pretty flowers that wont to grace the hall found pleasure -in other spheres. Week after week the lodge trembled on flirting arms, -which little by little gave heed to other diversions, and death on wooly -wings devoured the civilizing factor. - -The Scandinavian Temperance Society lived through many years of gnawing -resistance. From it floated mighty words of wholesome advice, but -friends of the alcoholic hell, robed with smiling garbs of infernal -warp, plucked the sweet blooms of future hope, and planted in their -souls the stings of ruin. As days wore away, the poisonous influence -from the saloon den bewitched the sprightly stripling and the hoary -hair, and the temperance workers, the noblest of heroes, were too few -to feed the fire of interest, and the organization withered and died. - -The Scandinavian press, of Tacoma, is growing into popularity. The first -Scandinavian newspaper on record in the city was, "Tacoma Budstikken," a -Norwegian-Danish weekly, founded in December, 1899, by P. O. Bergan, but -enjoyed only a short period of sunshine. The Tacoma Tidende was launched -July 5, 1890, and ripened into a Norwegian-Danish state paper. From -infancy it was in the hands of Dirk Blaauw who bid fair at journalism, -but a year ago it was transferred to his brother John who has steeped -it with journalistic fire, comparing in merit with the big eastern -weeklies. It takes a man of a congenial nature, ability and "push" to -make journalism a success, and these qualities manifest themselves every -day in the editor of Tacoma Tidende. - - [Illustration: JOHN BLAAUW.] - -John Blaauw was born in Bergen, Norway, 1868, but when an infant of two -years he went with his parents to Christiania, where he resided till -he reached the age of seventeen, save two and a half years he spent in -Edinburgh, Scotland. In 1887 he emigrated to America, making Seattle -his destination. Right after the great fire he embarked in Scandinavian -journalism, and has practically followed it ever since. - -No man is better informed of the condition and natural resources on the -Pacific coast than Editor John Blaauw. He has traveled in every county -from British Columbia to the Golden State. He has made Tacoma Tidende -an honor to the coast and a valuable source of information to thousands -of people throughout the United States. He is of a genial disposition, -kind and serviceable. Though always busy, yet glad to receive visitors, -and willing to impart all possible knowledge. Much of his time is -consumed in replying to letters concerning the Pacific country. - -Tacoma Tribunen, a Swedish weekly of considerable merit, was brought to -light in April, 1890, by the Swedish Publishing Company. T. Sandegren -was installed as editor, and has ever since filled the chair with -credit. - - [Illustration: T. SANDEGREN.] - -T. Sandegren was born near Halmstad, Sweden, in 1858, where he enjoyed -the benefit of a good common school education. At the age of twenty he -graduated from Lund College, and three years later took the degree of A. -B. at the University of Lund. Journalism was his forte which he embarked -immediately after graduation. In 1883 he crossed the Atlantic for the -United States, locating in Minnesota, where he obtained a position as -teacher in the Military School at Fort Snelling. In 1889 he migrated -to Seattle, and in company with N. P. Lind organized Vestra Posten. The -following year he was appointed editor of Tacoma Tribunen, and three -years later assumed the ownership of the paper, which he is conducting -with marked ability. - -The Pacific Herold, edited by E. Berrum, is a pleasing journal, -published at the Pacific Lutheran University. Mr. Berrum has had years -of experience in the journalistic field. For half a decade or more he -represented "Skandinaven" on the Pacific. - -A word concerning Scandinavian churches may not be out of place at this -point. In spite of a new country and adverse circumstances, nine of -them pierce the air of the City of Destiny. There are three Lutheran -churches, two Norwegian-Danish, and one Swedish; two Methodist churches, -one Norwegian-Danish, and one Swedish; two Baptist churches, one -Scandinavian and one Swedish; a Swedish Mission church, and a -Scandinavian Free church. - - [Illustration: PACIFIC LUTHERAN UNIVERSITY.] - -To the south of Tacoma smiles the village of Parkland, the stronghold of -the Norwegian Synod, where the Pacific Lutheran University stands as a -pride to the place. - -The aim of the institution is to give thorough instruction in the -various branches taught in the public schools and academies, including -science, art and music. It is operated under the banner of the Norwegian -Lutheran Synod, and sound Christian principles are made the basis of -all the work. Rev. B. Harstad may be rightly called the "Father of the -Institution," and Prof. N. J. Hong deserves the appellation "Faithful -Manager." - - [Illustration: OX LOGGING.] - - - - -SCANDINAVIANS IN EVERETT. - -CHAPTER VIII. - - -Few cities during the short longevity of eight years have blossomed like -Everett. In 1891 it sprang into life midst the greatest of stir and -excitement, and has ever since enjoyed the presence of healthy sunbeams -and steady prosperity. Everett is the county seat of Snohomish county, -spread over a pleasant stretch of land between Snohomish river and a -beautiful bay of the Sound, affording an excellent fresh-water harbor -and an equally laudable salt-water haven. - -The city has a population of about eight thousand, many of whom are -Scandinavians. John Brue was among the early pioneers, and one of the -founders of the Norwegian Lutheran church located at that place. For -years he was engaged in business in Everett, but disposed of his -interests to take possession of a nice farm near Stanwood. - - [Illustration: T. T. ENGER.] - -T. T. Enger, a bright business man, merchant tailor, was also one of -the first to establish himself in the embryo city. He was born in Hoff, -Sotor, Norway, 1864, but moved with his parents to Aasnes when one and -a half years of age, where he received his early education, graduating -from the public schools at fifteen. His father, also, T. T. Enger, was -a prominent citizen and manager of H. Schulze's estate, the largest in -that part of Norway. Young Enger left his native seat for Christiania to -learn the tailoring trade, and in 1882 emigrated to America, arriving -at Madison, Wisconsin, September 22, where he remained two years -working at his trade. His next move was to Minneapolis, and in 1891 -migrated to the Pacific, settling in Seattle, Washington. Shortly after -his arrival he was married to Miss Maria Olson, a worthy lady of Norse -ancestry. The transient fame of Anacortes startled the country, and -thither Mr. Enger went to engage in business, but in January, 1892, sold -out and removed to Everett, where he is conducting a fine tailoring -establishment. Mr. Enger is a man of energy and "push," reliable and -respected. He is a prominent member of the Knights of Pythias, and holds -notable standing in the republican party. - - [Illustration: L. P. ELVRUM AND WIFE.] - -Few men have passed through the trials that L. P. Elvrum has, the genial -landlord of Everett. He was born in Stordalen, near Trondjem, Norway, -1858, where he received a good education. At the age of nineteen he went -to sea, and was dashed uninterruptedly on the pitiless waves for four -years. Three times he weathered the North Cape. In 1881 he sailed for -America, spent one year in Minnesota, then journeyed to the Pacific, -settling at Stanwood, Washington. He sought the forest for employment, -worked four years at logging, then embarked in general merchandise in -Silvana, and immediately received the appointment of postmaster. In 1889 -he was married to Miss Martha Beck, an estimable lady of Cedarhome. When -Everett commenced to bespeak business prospects, Mr. Elvrum sold out -his interests at Silvana and went thither to start a hotel. He is the -proprietor of the "North Star," one of the most respectable taverns -in the city. Mr. Elvrum is a man of business nature, social and -congenial, honest and a true gentleman. He has had many ups-and-downs, -but his motto has been, "Try and continue trying and you will succeed at -last." A motto that every man ought to drink into his soul for ready -application in the various turns of life. - -There are also other Scandinavians in Everett who shine in business and -social circles. A. O. Solberg is a leading jeweler, and O. Alseth a -genial clerk and a popular member of the Lutheran church; Martin Dahl is -a well-known merchant tailor, and J. A. Johansen a progressive grocer. - -Everett has within its limit two Scandinavian churches, a Norwegian -Lutheran, previously alluded to, and a Scandinavian Methodist, which -was built in 1893. Rev. P. M. Ellefsen, a Methodist missionary, visited -Everett, 1892, and the following year organized a congregation of ten -members which now numbers thirty. Rev. O. Heggen was the first appointed -minister to occupy the pulpit, who was succeeded by the eloquent Rev. O. -O. Twede. - -A Young Peoples' Society was organized some years ago which has grown -healthy and vigorous; at present it has a membership of forty. - -Among the leading members of the Methodist congregation we find E. A. -Olson, Swede, L. Carlsen, A. Thompsen, H. Helgesen, and Mrs. H. -Helgesen, Norwegians. - - [Illustration: EVERETT IN ITS INFANCY.] - - - - -SCANDINAVIANS AT STANWOOD. - -CHAPTER IX. - - -Stanwood is the largest Scandinavian community in the State of -Washington, situated in Snohomish county, on a delta-like angle, where -the Skagit and the Stillaguamish rivers meet to mingle their blue -volumes. A navigable tongue of the Sound ripples up the flat, where -daily steamers gracefully ride for the proud city. To the east and west -from this thriving villa a panorama of inexhaustible fertility spreads -out before your eye, dotted with quaint dwellings, here and there -flecked with rich orchards, and slowly sweeps up forming what is -generally termed highland, where a Swedish colony smiles with flowery -gardens and beautiful farms. - -Stanwood compares in magnitude and importance with the eastern -Scandinavian settlements, but differs vastly from them in spirit. -Here is more life, more freedom, and English the prevailing language, -especially among the younger folks. - -In 1870, the time that Eller Graham, a native of Norway, disembarked at -the mouth of Skagit river, a white man was a curiosity. Doubtless Graham -was the first Scandinavian to seek the wilderness for a nestling place, -though it is probable that Martin Toftezen, who landed on Whidbey Island -twelve years prior, had made a reconnoissance of both Skagit and -Stillaguamish rivers. - -Sivert Guligson Brekhus threw anchor where the Stillaguamish disembogues -its waters, 1873, but made his permanent habitation ten miles up the -river. Two years later O. B. Iverson made his appearance as government -surveyor, and almost simultaneously N. P. Leque, Nils Eide and A. -Danielson landed in fair-sized canoes. These pioneers had the sagacity -and foresight to unfold the future, and bought three hundred acres of -land together. The first named, O. B. Iverson, was elected to represent -Snohomish county in the territorial legislature, where his keen -intellect made palpable impressions. He now resides in Olympia, and -is an active member of the government surveying staff. - - [Illustration: N. P. LEQUE.] - -N. P. Leque is a highly respected citizen, a gentleman in the true sense -of the word. He was born in Kinservik, Hardanger, Norway, May 8, 1848, -but moved with his parents to Ulvik when two years old. After receiving -a good common school education, he entered the normal school in Voss, -where he graduated with honor in 1865. The following year he engaged in -teaching, but abandoned it after two years of successful experience. The -11th of April, 1868, he was married to Miss Maria Lindebrekke, a lady -of fine intellect and noble aims, and the same year sailed for America, -settling at Vermillion, Clay county, South Dakota, where he embarked in -farming. The smiling Pacific created a desire for another journey, and -July 31, 1875, he paraded the streets of Tacoma, with his family. He -made a perambulation of the country, and in 1876 located on a beautiful -island, which bears his name. - -In 1886 he was elected county commissioner, served with distinction for -two years, and declined renomination. He has been and is a valuable -member of the Lutheran church of Stanwood, and has always sought to -enhance the best interests of the community, morally and otherwise. For -some time he has been president of the Stanwood Co-operative Creamery. - -Peter Leque, a close relative of N. P. Leque, is doubtless one of the -most popular Scandinavians on the Pacific coast. He was born in Norway, -but came to America in his early years, and received a fine education in -the common schools and at the State University of Washington. Ever since -1875 he has resided on Leque Island, hard by Stanwood. He is a man of -a grasping mind and elevated thoughts, a hard worker and a faithful -representative of the common people. A man that the public has picked -out to fill responsible positions on the merit of honesty and ability. -In 1888 he was elected county surveyor, in 1892 county assessor, and in -1894 county auditor. - -O. K. Melby, proprietor of Melby Hotel, and a man of intelligence and -fine training, has shared the struggles of pioneer life. He was born in -Norway, came to the coast 1875, made a visit to Stanwood, and the -following year located in the embryo villa permanently, being the first -Scandinavian to engage in hotel business in this part of the state. - -John Brygger, A. J. Brue, Peter Gunderson, Christian Joergensen, Martin -Larson, Iver Egge, C. Toftezen, L. T. Land, O. J. Finley, Ole Ryan, -Thomas Brue and John Brue are among the early settlers and the most -prominent citizens. They are all independent farmers and potent factors -in the upbuilding of the country. - - [Illustration: NORWEGIAN LUTHERAN CHURCH OF STANWOOD.] - - [Illustration: STANWOOD LUTHERSKE MENINGHEDS SANGKOR. - 1 C. P. Lien 7 A. Egge 13 Miss P. Johnson - 2 B. S. Lien 8 O. J. Lien 14 Miss M. Gunderson - 3 Miss E. Egge 9 Rev. L. C. Foss 15 O. E. Brue - 4 A. Brue 10 G. J. Holte 16 Miss M. S. Lien - 5 O. J. Finley 11 A. Gunderson 17 Miss H. Naas - 6 Miss A. Floe 12 E. Egge 18 G. Naas] - -The Norwegian Lutheran church of Stanwood is the oldest of the Lutheran -churches on Puget Sound. It was organized twenty-three years ago by Rev. -L. Carlson, and has enjoyed the services of Revs. Emil Christensen, P. -Isberg and C. Joergensen. At present it is in charge of Rev. L. C. Foss -who has done much for Christianity and the Lutheran doctrine. He is a -friend of the young people as well as of the old, the guiding spirit -of the Young People's Society and a talented musician. - -The Norwegian Singing Society is the pride of the community, and has -scattered laurels of accomplishment along the Sound. On many occasions -it has been called to Seattle and other places to cheer and entertain -the people with sweet melodies. - -The progress and success of the Scandinavian business men of Stanwood -are well known. S. A. Thompson's establishment affords credit to the -town, and Knud Knudson's drug and jewelry store compares nicely with -similar concerns in the larger cities. B. Willard, the popular dairyman, -hails from Denmark. His energy and keen intellect have always been at -willing option for the good of his adopted country. A. Tackstrom, -the genial postmaster, was born in Sweden, and has been of practical -usefulness to his city. Edward Foss traces his birthplace to Norway, -but has resided for years in Stanwood. He is a mechanic by trade, and -a gentleman in demeanor. H. C. Anderson, the wealthy Klondiker, -who resides near the city, is a conspicuous factor, especially in -agricultural developments. The genial photographer, J. T. Wagness, has -gained a standing among the people as a man of ingenuity in his chosen -profession. Biographical sketches of men who have worked themselves up -in an honorable way would doubtless be of interest to the readers. Such -men as S. A. Thompson, Knud Knudson, and others merit a place among -the most prominent Scandinavians on the Pacific coast. - - [Illustration: S. A. THOMPSON.] - -S. A. Thompson was born in Norway, 1864, where he received a splendid -school education. In 1880 he arrived in America, locating at Story -City, Iowa, remaining two years, then chose Moorhead, Minnesota, for -his habitation. After a stay of four years in this city he migrated to -Holdstead in the same state where he spent two years. Up to this time -Mr. Thompson had been engaged in sundry occupations, clerking and manual -labor, always devoting his leisure to the acquirement of an education. -In 1888 he landed in Stanwood, and immediately embarked in business. For -some time he was connected with shingle mills, entered Irvine's store, -clerked five years, and May 1, 1895, assumed possession of the whole -firm. Mr. Thompson is a man of genial nature, kind and social, at the -same time energetic, which his business career plainly emphasizes. - - [Illustration: KNUD KNUDSON.] - -Knud Knudson, the gifted jeweler and drug merchant, was born in Modum, -Norway, 1864. After learning the watchmaking trade, he sailed for -America, arriving in Valley City, North Dakota, 1885, where he worked -at his trade one year. He was touched by reports from Caselton, packed -together his effects and moved thither, engaged in business for two -years, then took another trip, viz., to Chamberlain, South Dakota, but -one and a half years sufficed at this place. Washington was now the -absorbing question, and in 1890 located in Stanwood, and established -the first jewelry store in the city. In 1896 he launched into drug -business in connection with his already lucrative engagement. Mr. -Knudson is a leading business man, always busy and attentive, reliable -and respected. - -N. M. Lien is one of the typical Norwegians on the Sound--honored and -intelligent--wealthy and conscientious. He came to America in 1866, -spent eleven years in Minnesota, twelve years in North Dakota, then -journeyed to Stanwood, Washington. He owns a magnificent farm, running -pretty nigh into the heart of the city, golden with waving cereals and -smiling flowers, and spreads out in an easterly direction. - - [Illustration: RESIDENCE OF N. M. LIEN.] - -Olaf Rydjord is a lucrative farmer, one and a half miles up -Stillaguamish river from Stanwood. He was born in Norway, came to -Stanwood, 1890, with little or no means. Now he possesses a beautiful -farm, and ranks among the prosperous Scandinavians. He is also a man -of honor and ambition. - - [Illustration: RESIDENCE OF OLAF RYDJORD.] - -One of the most laudable institutions in Snohomish county is the -Stanwood Co-operative Creamery, it bespeaks the thrift and standard of -the farmers. This enterprise originated with Rev. C. Joergensen, who -deserves the applause of the whole community for his indefatigable -energy. Mr. Joergensen is an ex-minister of the Lutheran faith, armed -with a liberal education and divers experience. He held the presidency -of the Stanwood Co-operative Creamery until his election as commissioner -of Snohomish county. - - [Illustration: STANWOOD CO-OPERATIVE CREAMERY.] - -The Stanwood Co-operative Creamery has carried away many honors since -1895, the date of its commencement. It took the first prize, 1896, at -the County Fair of Pierce county, held in Tacoma, also the first prize -in Ellensburg, 1898, at the State Dairy Association. The output of -butter has gradually increased, at present averaging about eighteen -thousand pounds per month. - - [Illustration: D. G. BENNIE, JR.] - -D. G. Bennie, jr., manager of the Stanwood Co-operative Creamery, has -engraved his good will on the hearts of the community. His business -methods are commendable, emphatic of honesty and ability. He was born -in Boston, Massachusetts, December 14, 1866, came to the Pacific coast, -1885, embarked in logging and farming, and in the spring of 1898 he was -elected to his present position, which he has filled with entire -satisfaction. - - [Illustration: M. O. COLTOM.] - -M. O. Coltom, superintendent of the butter-making department, is a -worthy gentleman, who has filled his calling with credit to himself and -the association. He was born in Toten, Norway, forty-three years ago, -came to America, 1866, and to the coast, 1887. He has been connected -with the creamery since its infancy, and has always been vigilant to the -best interests of the enterprise. John Lund, also a native of Norway, -has been a faithful assistant to Mr. Coltom, for years he has served in -his present capacity with honor. - -Stanwood is surrounded by thrifty Scandinavian farmers, the earliest -have already been mentioned. Some of the more recent who have added -laurels to agriculture are: Ole Naas, Peter Peterson, T. K. Logan, O. -Alseth, Anton F. Anderson, Otto Coltom, Oluf, John and Gunder Otterson, -Engbret Olson, Peter Holte, N. B. Thomle, Louis Christiansen and others. - -Stanwood, as stated before, is largely populated with Scandinavians; -in addition to the number previously noted we find many good citizens, -namely: Herman Hafstad, connected with the Stanwood Hardware Company, -Carl Ryan, clerk in Eureka Grocery, Fred Ryan, clerk in Thompson's -store. Peter O. Wold and Ivar Opdal are representative Norwegians, well -liked and respected. Bert Gunderson is an intelligent young man; the -members of the Norwegian Singing Society rank among the best of young -people, Saul Olson, Ole Mellum, Elias Brue, Sam Lovik, Halvor Anderson; -John Melkild, Peter Brandall and others bespeak Norse integrity. A. B. -Klaeboe, now a gold seeker in Alaska, was once a leading business man -of this city. Twelve years ago he established the first drug store in -Stanwood, which he managed with notable success for a number of years. -He was born in Norway where he graduated from college with distinguished -scholarship. - - - - -SCANDINAVIANS IN STILLAGUAMISH VALLEY. - -CHAPTER X. - - -The Stillaguamish valley, spreading out for a considerable distance on -both sides of the wandering river, which starts in the green-clad hills, -looming up in the southeast, and leaps gracefully downward to the city -of Stanwood, where it disembogues its waters, is a fertile plain, -running through the forest for twenty-five miles, adorned with royal -farms and three happy villas--Florence, Norman and Silvana. Thirty years -ago this noble stretch was the home of wild beasts, but now settled by -a jolly populace. Here the Scandinavians found a field that hit their -fancies--plenty of work and rich soil. - -The first Scandinavian to brave this wilderness was Sivert Guligson -Brekhus, a native of Voss, Norway, who emigrated to America, 1862, spent -eleven years in the east combatting for success in divers avenues, and -in 1873 entered the mouth of the Stillaguamish river. He proceeded up -the stream which was choked with angry snags and stubborn logs. No less -than four jams impeded his progress. Mr. Brekhus has been a man of -unusual strength, and possessed of a heart that knew no fear. On one -occasion, in early days, a red savage attacked him in Stanwood. Mr. -Brekhus was alone which gave his heathen aggressor, surrounded by a -bloodthirsty horde of his race, lust for blood, and, like a devil in -flames, seized a manageable piece of timber and sought to convert the -white man to a heap of jelly. The brave Vossing approached him and the -following words burst from his lips, "Hvis du inhji parsa dig ska eg -slaa huvu ini majin paa dig." The red skins understood the depth of his -voice, and skulked away. - -Ah! picture to yourself the hardship! All the provisions had to be -canoed from Seattle, and four boats were required to reach Mr. Brekhus' -ranch. Many struggles did this valorous pioneer pass through. Once he -carried a barrel of herring on his shoulders over the four jams, and at -another time a big cook stove. - -Iver Furness, father of John Furness, the Norman merchant, has also -partaken of the trials and difficulties common to pioneer encounters. As -early as 1879 he dates his first peregrination on Stillaguamish river. -Like other adventurers he endured many days of hardship, anxiety and -worry. Supplementary to the toil for subsistence, the savages cast -chilly currents through his soul. The Sauk Indians, ravaging in Skagit -county, were dreaded like devils. One day the report reached the home -of Iver Furness, while relishing a healthy dinner, that the Sauks were -paddling up the river for a bloody massacre. Mrs. Furness was thrown -into a trance of fright, rushed for the door with knife in hand to take -refuge in the woods. Johnny, her son, grabbed the fire-lock to protect -their home, but, lo! it was only an Indian scare. - - [Illustration: IVER JOHNSON.] - -Iver Johnson, the pioneer merchant of Silvana, and the popular county -commissioner, was born in Opdal, Norway, 1848. After graduating from the -public schools, he took a course in the higher branches of learning by -private tuition, and in 1869 sailed for the United States, selecting -South Dakota for his first abode in the New World. In 1875 he took -another step westward, locating at Port Gamble, Washington, where he -worked in saw mills for two years. Returning to South Dakota, he was -married to Martha Haugan, a charming young lady, but to his sorrow -she withered for the grave after four years of matrimonial happiness. -He recrossed the Rocky Mountain the same year, settling in the -Stillaguamish valley, worked in logging camps and cleared land for -some time, then embarked in general merchandise at Silvana, the first -store in the Stillaguamish valley. He sold out his interests at Silvana -to accept a clerkship in D. O. Pearson's store in Stanwood, which he -abandoned after five years of faithful service to assume the position as -deputy county auditor. In 1898 he was elected to the office of county -commissioner of Snohomish county in which capacity he is now working -with credit to himself and to his constituents. He was married the -second time, in 1887, to Miss Maria Funk, an accomplished lady of Norse -extraction. - -Halvor Helvy, an intelligent farmer near Silvana, figures among the -first pioneers. He was born in Norway, and came to Stillaguamish from -South Dakota, 1878. - - [Illustration: E. A. HEVLY.] - -E. A. Hevly, the popular merchant of Florence, and one of the brightest -business men on the Sound, was born in Opdal, Norway, February 28, 1866, -came to America, 1878, and the same year landed on the Pacific coast. -After receiving a common school education, he took a course in the -state University of Washington. For years he was employed as clerk, -but in 1891 became the sole owner of a large mercantile establishment, -which he is conducting with marked ability. Mr. Hevly is a congenial -man, honest, honorable and energetic. - - [Illustration: JOHN I. HALS.] - -John I. Hals, proprietor of Hals' shingle mill, located across the river -from Florence, is a true type of Norse manhood. He was born in Norway, -came to Stanwood, 1882, worked four years in a saw mill at Utsalady, and -in 1889 bought from Munson, Johnson and Company a shingle mill standing -one mile east of Stanwood, the first Scandinavian shingle mill in -Snohomish county. Cedar timber was getting scarce and a change of -location became advantageous. To effect this he sold his mill, bought -eighty acres of land further up the river, and built a new mill, of -which Mr. Hals is the sole owner. The author does not believe in plowing -up the field of exaggeration, and so far as the personage in question is -concerned no occasion affords an opportunity. The men working for Mr. -Hals speak in more eloquent language than my pen. In a word, Mr. Hals is -a gentleman, kind, intelligent and generous. - - [Illustration: JOHN I. HALS' SHINGLE MILL.] - -Round Florence are also other Scandinavians who have scattered light of -melioration. Flowery meadows and royal dwellings join to pronounce their -industry and rank of intelligence. Mr. Myro is an early pioneer and a -thrifty Dane, Taral Larsen is a prosperous farmer, a native of Norway, -who has shared the struggles of frontier life, Ed. Hanson, also a -Norwegian by birth, has been a valuable factor in the community, -especially in the promotion of education. As we proceed up the river we -find an unbroken settlement of well-to-do Scandinavians, who sought the -wilderness to make homes. Engebret and Sven Stenson, Sivert and Rasmus -Knutson and S. Erickson were among the first. L. O. Stubb, a prominent -farmer and a man of ability and influence, has given valuable service -to the community. He has been one of the foremost men to look after -the interest of education. He was born in Norway, came to Dogfish Bay, -Washington, 1880, and the same year settled near Norman. - - [Illustration: THE NORMAN PUBLIC SCHOOL. - The first public school in the Stillaguamish valley above Florence: - built, 1882, burnt 1892.] - -Iver N. Prestlien, the pioneer of Prestlien Bluff, so named to -perpetuate his memory, was born in Norway, and settled on his present -location, 1885, when the inviting slope was a gloomy forest. He has done -much for the upbuilding of the community, educationally and otherwise. - - [Illustration: PRESTLIEN'S BLUFF. - The schoolhouse is behind the big stump.] - -John Furness, previously alluded to, an able business man, in company -with Mr. Engdahl, at Norman, has spared no energy for the good of the -public schools and the country in general. Andrew Estby, O. B. Lee, H. -Hereim and others have also lent willing assistance. - -Cornelius N. Langsjoen, Elias Tangen, Julius Lund, Andrew Prestlien, -John Ingebretson, and others have contributed heart and hand to better -frontier gloom. Two fine Lutheran churches, one at Silvana and the other -across the river, emphasize the moral and intellectual standard of the -people. - - [Illustration: LOGGING FAMILY STANDING ON A CEDAR STUMP.] - - - - -SCANDINAVIANS AT CEDARHOME. - -CHAPTER XI. - - -Three miles east of Stanwood smiles a beautiful villa, which fifteen -years ago received the baptism Cedarhome. It seems as though Nature in -her wisdom long, long ago took special pains to prepare a plot for this -smoothly sloping panorama. If it had been whittled out to order for a -quiet, sober and intelligent people nothing more consistent could have -been expected. - -In early days a dense forest clothed this spot, and savage brutes -ruled unrestrained. But some forty years ago the irascible -agent--fire--resolved to show his power, which he did like an unchained -demon. He sent his red flames from tree to tree, consuming big and -small, save some stubborn giants, which remained black skeletons in -melancholy loneliness. Bears, cougars, wild-cats, and other inhabitants -of the forest picked up their feet and with lightning speed sought the -mountains for refuge. - - [Illustration: PIONEERS AMONG WILD BEASTS.] - -The once rich sylva, where evergreen and foliage were wont to join in -sweet choruses, was now a charcoal desert with a few angry monsters -frowning in the air, squealing and cracking to the breath of every -breeze. - -Years elapsed, the sun sent down his gentle beams, the clouds unlocked -their opulent stores, and the parched earth drank her fill, and gave -birth to shoots that blossomed into a carpet of green. - -Ah, all a change! the chilly appearance of yesterday is today sunshine. -A fresh sylva, besprinkled with flowers, smiles to our joy, and birds -wheel on happy wings, pouring their hearts into dulcet music, and loving -zephyrs come to woo the tender growth. - -In 1877 Arn Olson, a native of Norway, made a perambulation of the -country lying east of Stanwood with the object in view of finding a -suitable bit of ground for a home, arriving where Cedarhome now smiles -he resolved to pitch his permanent lot among the green bushes. Almost -simultaneously, Martin Larsen, a Norwegian by birth, braved the -interior, remained one year, then located on the Stanwood flat, three -miles north of the city. - -It was not until the following year that Cedarhome commenced to echo the -presence of white men. Before only a faint sound now and then rose to -indicate human existence. Among the first who anchored their fortunes at -this place was John Anderson, who left Sweden in 1869 for Chicago, but -was soon seized with a whim to see and try other climes. Both South and -West were fields of attraction, and to satisfy his romantic nature -he took in the whole country. In 1876 he stood in the city of Seattle -gazing with wonder at the novelties about him. A reconnoissance of -Salmon Bay hit his liking, but shortly after settled on 160 acres of -land at Cedarhome, then called Burn. - -Mr. John Anderson may be rightly termed the father of Cedarhome, and -yet, though his flowing beard has silvered to a halo of snow, he -contributes the fall of his life to daily duties. - -August Anderson has passed through experiences not dissimilar to those -of John Anderson. He, too, was born in Sweden, came to America in his -prime of life, and in 1879 cast his lot in the forest. He has shared the -ups-and-downs of frontier struggles, always a faithful supporter of the -Methodist church. - -Andrew Gustaf Bergquist made his appearance a few months subsequent to -the arrival of John and August Anderson. He is a native of Sweden, where -he spent his boyhood, but like thousands of others sought the New -World. Mr. Bergquist has been alert to the interests of the community, -educationally and morally. For years he has been a member of the school -board. - -Now, gloomy loneliness! where art thine "blues and longings?" No jollier -crowd beneath the blue roof of heaven than a bunch of pioneers. Buoyant -in spirit, strong at arms, the forest fell to their axes. Trails were -swamped and cabins erected to their comforts. - -Cohorts of eager land-seekers from all climes perambulated wealthy vales -and green-besprinkled knolls, and among these was P. O. Norman, who had -landed in Seattle, 1881, but spent two years reconnoitering the coast -ere he located at Cedarhome. - -Love of work and progress is the spur of a new country. As population -increased so did the burden of responsibility augment. Morality and -education could not be neglected. Mr. Norman contributed from his fund -of experience and learning, acquired in his native country, Sweden, and -in the state of Nebraska where he had served as school trustee and -county commissioner. - - [Illustration: THE CEDARHOME PUBLIC SCHOOL. - The dwelling to the right is the residence of E. O. Yngve.] - -A craving had manifested for a union of worship, and in 1883 a Methodist -congregation was organized, forming a circuit with Seattle. Rev. Andrew -Farrell was called as pastor, who expounded the gospel in the two places -on alternate Sundays. In 1888 Mr. Norman drew up a petition citing for a -separation from Seattle and the formation of a circuit with Skagit. The -petition was granted by the bishop, and the Rev. O. E. Olander was -secured as clergyman. - -Absolute independence has always been the longing of the soul. The -congregation was now ripe for a divorce from Skagit, which was granted, -1890, and a beautiful church was built, which stands as a pride to the -village. The Methodist doctrine has proven relishing, and credit is due -to the following faithful workers: P. O. Norman, John Anderson, August -Anderson, Andrew G. Bergquist, John Lovegren, N. G. Carlson, W. M. -Anderson, N. O. Ekstran, Magnus Haglund, Andrew Olson and John Olson. - -The most promising feature of a church is a healthy, wide-awake Young -People's Society. Not only as an instrumentality to invite to share the -glory in Heaven, but to cultivate literature and music, to cherish each -others peculiarities and trend of thoughts. These societies are not -exclusively for the blooms of a few springs, often lingering fall with -hoary hair wields the guiding staff. The most eloquent and active -supporter of the Young People's Society at this place is John Lovegren, -though he has blushed about twelve summers of matrimonial happiness. Of -course, others have scattered sunbeams, and without their appellation -the narrative would not be complete. William M. Anderson has filled the -presidential chair, and Misses Minnie Johnson, Annie Anderson, Alice -Carlson, Annie, Lizzie and Emma Yngve, Minnie Bergquist, Mabel -Peterson, Annie and Jennie Olson, and Mrs. Edith Dacke have graced the -organization with sweet music and poetry. Messrs. Andrew Bergquist, A. -P. Dacke, Charley Edeen, John Carlson and Walter Jensen have contributed -able assistance. - -The Cedarhome Literary Society, which has been in existence about -three years, has scattered literary light through the community. The -organizers and star members are: E. C. Nicklason, J. H. Swanson, Thomas -Munson, J. C. Jensen, Charley and Axel Ek, Eric, Mannie and Eddie -Lindstrom, Iver and Simon Olson, Jacob and Andrew Settre, Andrew Olson, -Kettle Levison, Lewis Sandstrom, Eddie, Eli and Ove Eliason, and Andrew -Anderson. The willing participants among the ladies are: Misses Minnie -Nicklason, Mary Jensen, Hilma and Hulda Ek, and Josie Settre. - -No pioneer has endured more hardship than Mathias Munson, a native of -Norway. For thirty-five years he dashed on the merciless waves from -port to port, finally making his home in the wilderness of Washington. -Six-and-four scores of years rested on his shoulders at his death, one -year ago, yet strong and lively. He was an example of courage and -endurance, and is said to have saved many lives during his sea-faring -years. - -Ole Jensen, born and educated in Denmark, bid farewell to his mother -country seventeen years ago, landed in Seattle and shortly after settled -at Cedarhome. "To do and dare" was his motto; the huge forest fell, and -a nice home smiles to his comfort. John Olson also arrived at Cedarhome -about seventeen years ago. He is a native of Sweden and has devoted most -of his time to farming, being a prominent member of the Methodist -church. - -Cedarhome is no longer a nucleus of yearning bachelors, but a thrifty -town surrounded by gardens and meadows. Three religious denominations -are strongly represented, the Methodists, previously mentioned, the -Baptists and the Lutherans. - - [Illustration: G. NICKLASON.] - -G. Nicklason, a pioneer of the Skagit valley and a popular merchant -of Cedarhome, was born in Sweden, but left his native country at the -twilight of manhood. After filling sundry vocations of hardship in the -east, his attention was drawn to the Pacific, settling in the Skagit -valley, 1876, where he labored hard clearing land and farming. A -beautiful farm in that locality bespeaks his industry. In 1890 he -moved to Cedarhome to engage in general merchandise--business of his -liking--in which he has proved himself a master. The fertile forest -awakened acute calculation in his mind, and in company with Carl O. -Walters started a lumber factory capable of turning out both lumber -and shingle. Mr. Nicklason is a man of energy and ability, honest and -strictly attentive to business. - - [Illustration: CARL O. WALTERS.] - -Carl O. Walters, G. Nicklason's partner in lumber manufacturing, was -born in Gottland, Sweden, May 27, 1855, where he received his education, -graduated from the public schools at the age of fifteen. For three years -he served in the navy of Sweden, spent two years traveling in his native -country for the purpose of studying the natural resources and the varied -conditions. The sea was a pleasing attraction to him; visited all the -countries of Europe, and at the age of twenty-two embarked a ship for -the New World, sailed for some time on the Atlantic coast, rounded Cape -Horn, and landed in the Golden Gate, 1877. He dashed on the waves up -the coast as far as British Columbia. After eight years of navigation -he stept ashore, engaged in carpentry, worked in Seattle and British -Columbia, most of the time as contractor. In the latter place he spent -considerable time prospecting for coal, employed by the Vancouver Coal -Co. Twelve years ago he located at Cedarhome, turned his attention to -farming served as deputy county assessor, and gradually drifted into -lumber and shingle business, an occupation congenial to mechanical -ingenuity, which is Mr. Walters' forte, being born with mechanical -aptitude as well as with social and conversational endowments. - - [Illustration: MR. AND MRS. L. G. HANSON.] - -L. G. Hanson, the present deputy county assessor, was born in Skone, -Sweden, 1855, emigrated to America in early manhood, 1882. After -some years of ups-and-downs in the south, he planted his fortune at -Cedarhome, nine years ago, and has ever since taken an active part -in public improvements. He has been a stanch supporter of the public -schools and an advocate for good roads. For years he has served as -school director and road supervisor, and in 1899 he was appointed deputy -county assessor. - -E. O. Yngve, a man of affluence and influence in his native country, -Sweden, crossed the salty billows for America ten years ago. He has been -alert to the interest of his adopted country, and always glad to usher -the welfare of his people to the front. - -Frank A. Peterson is likewise a man cut out for frontier life where -energy and strong arms are required. He is a native of Sweden, but came -to South Dakota in his early days, stayed there for some years, and in -1886 landed in Seattle, and two years later joined his countrymen at -Cedarhome. He has been awake to the interest of the public schools and -the welfare of the community in general; for years he has been a member -of the school board. His brother John is also a good citizen. - -John Ek, too, belongs to the category of frontier soldiers who delight -in converting the forest into fields of gold and smiling gardens. He -was born in Sweden and came to Cedarhome, 1890. Round the village live -a number of good citizens and industrious farmers; viz., Oluf Johnson, -Sivert Wold, Rasmus Settre, K. K. Erdahl, N. O. Lindstrom, P. G. -Johnson, Olof Anderson, Levi Levison, Ole Johnson, Robert Johnson, P. L. -Anderson, Ole Husby, Erik Johnson, P. M. Arentzen, C. P. Hemmingsen, A. -Evenson, B. Evenson, and others. Aaron Larson, a native of Sweden, who -resides on a pleasant ranch about three miles east of Cedarhome, is a -highly accomplished musician. His daughter Cora is likewise displaying -extraordinary talents for divine strains. - - [Illustration: WESTERN WASHINGTON NATIVE SNOWSHOE HARE.] - - - - -SCANDINAVIANS IN SKAGIT VALLEY. - -CHAPTER XII. - - - Sweetest and loveliest of flowery vales, - Where plenty teems and joy hails, - Where waving fields of golden grain - Merrily smile in sun and rain. - -The Skagit valley is a stretch of inexhaustible fertility, commencing -at the mouth of the river and running northward for scores of miles, and -spreads out, east and west, into a plain beautifully embellished with -proud farms, and mostly populated with Scandinavians. Six miles up the -river rests the town of Fir, a bustling village, surrounded by a -rich farming community. Ole J. Borseth is the leading business man of -the town, who located here, 1883, and in 1891 engaged in general -merchandise. He is a native of Norway, where he was bred and educated. - - [Illustration: MORLING HOUSE. - Owned by Knut H. Opdal, the first Scandinavian Hotel - in the Skagit Valley.] - -Knut H. Opdal, also born in Norway, arrived in 1888, and shortly -afterward embarked in hotel business. He and his wife are -representatives of Norse simplicity and integrity, imbued with love for -their native country, and patriotic and loyal to the stars and stripes. - - [Illustration: J. F. ANDERSON.] - -J. F. Anderson was one of the first settlers. He was born in Sweden, -left his native land during the early summer of maturity, and located in -the state of Iowa. In 1874 he landed in Port Townsend on Prince Alfred, -and immediately proceeded to the Skagit valley, settling on North Fork. -After a year of hard work he moved with his family to Seattle in order -to give his children the advantages of good schooling. At the close of -six years they returned to the Skagit, locating on South Fork, where -Fir now stands. In 1883 a flood rushed over the country, swept along -everything save some stubborn buildings, the crop was destroyed, and -havoc spread in all directions. "Never give in," says the sage, which is -applicable to Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Anderson. "Onward" was their motto, and -two beautiful homes shine to their honest efforts one at Seattle and -one at Fir. Their children, who are now combating with the turmoils of -the world, are well educated and highly respected. Jennie is married and -lives in Seattle; Axel and Eric are connected with the Polson and Wilson -Hardware Co., established in Seattle and La Conner; Victor is married -to an esteemed lady, Miss Marie Paulson, and runs the farm; Minnie is -postmistress at Fir and a teacher of music, Howard sleeps in the grave, -and Otto stays home. - - [Illustration: ANDREW N. CROGSTAD.] - -Andrew N. Crogstad, a leading citizen, a man of honor and intelligence, -has shared the difficulties of the frontier. He was born in Trondhjem, -Norway, 1852, received a good schooling and in February, 1872, left his -fatherland for Dunn county, Wisconsin, and five years later disembarked -in the Skagit valley. He turned his attention to logging and farming. A -beautiful farm, surrounded by a wealthy orchard, stands as a pride to -his energy. He has seen days of romantic awfulness, once hazardous, but -now pleasing reminiscences. The flood has always been a dread, and many -frights has it caused. One Fourth of July Mr. Crogstad went to Fir to -celebrate the independence of his adopted country. The morning was -bright and prognostic of a pleasant time. Returning home during gray -twilight, a seething, rolling sound floated down on the breeze, and ere -they realized the cause, water crept up to their feet. The ladies were -frightened out of their wits and took to screaming, which seems to -be their only alternative in time of danger. Mr. Crogstad and his -companion understood the predicament, slung the ladies on their backs -and pranced home, thus avoiding a disastrous outcome. - - [Illustration: MRS. WILHELMINA AUGUSTA CROGSTAD.] - -In 1887 he was married to an estimable lady, Miss Wilhelmina Augusta -Jensen, born in Scleswig, Holstein, 1863, of Danish parentage, and came -to America, 1875. They have five children, four girls and one boy; -Alvina, Emma, Lottie, Clara and Maurice. - -One not accustomed to pioneer life in the forest can hardly conceive its -many romantic features. To live on the bank of a big river, rolling and -moaning in tireless monotony, and huge trees praying and howling to the -wroth of the wind, and frisky brutes gamboling in wild frolics, and -Indians skulking in stealthy moods, is something awe-inspiring. - -On a jolly morning, Charles Mann, the pioneer merchant of Fir, -reconnoitered in the woods behind his store, and to his awe, stumbled -into a hideous infernal, which was afterwards discovered to be an Indian -cemetery. Ah, terror! hundreds of Indians were hanging in the trees, -some nude skeletons, some with the hearts torn out of their mutilated -frames; owls and crows were sailing on evil wings among the ghastly -dead, and horror seemed to reign in every bush. This finding startled -the whole town, and into the woods rushed young and old; flames sprang -into the air and swept through the forest, and the dead Indians dropped -from a hanging hell into a burning one. - -The flood of 1887 spread consternation throughout the community. The -water leaped down from the mountains in savage fury and scattered the -dykes to the briny billows, busy hugging the beach below. Houses set -sailing down the valley in tipsy joltings, and logs went chasing each -other in mad bewilderment for the sea. The deluge broke into Mann's -store and rose to the depth of three feet. Mr. Mann was alone in the -store, and to drive away loneliness grabbed the fish line and commenced -angling, caught two mountain trouts by the counter. During the same -flood Mrs. Mann was sitting in the Fir Hotel chatting with some friends, -and before they were aware of the enormity of the water they went -sailing on their chairs around the room. - -In and around Fir live a number of Scandinavians who have witnessed -frontier encounters, but their early struggles have become pleasing -revels for a fanciful imagination, as the late years have crowned their -efforts with success. Olof Polson, a son of Sweden, and at present -mayor of La Conner, was along with the first brigade of pioneers that -scattered themselves in the valley. Ole Lonke, born in Norway, and a -prosperous farmer, about a mile from Fir, located here over twenty years -ago. Ole Johnson, also a native of Norway, has resided here over two -decades, and Peter Olson dates his arrival still further back. - -Among the more recent settlers who have proved valuable exponents are: -John Hanson, August Johnson, Even Handstad, John Kragnes, Ole Kvande, -Knut Lange, Sivert Sande, Ole Olson, Lars Engen, G. O. Branstad, Lars -and Nils Danielson and Elik Johnson. - -Proceeding up the river we find many Scandinavian pioneers who rank -among the most prominent citizens; viz., Peter Egtvet, Ole N. Lee, Frank -Tollefson and Magnus Anderson. At Skagit City, N. Erickson, Alfred, -Edwin and Herman Johnson are representative farmers who have spared no -time for the upbuilding of the country. Rev. John Johnson, presiding -elder of the Swedish Methodist church, who resides at this place, is a -noted man, being a gifted rhetorician and an able pulpit orator. - -To the east of this happy village spreads out a fertile plain which -sweeps up into a proud elevation, called Pleasant Ridge, the home of -the old pioneer, Charles John Chilberg, and two of his sons, Isaac and -James. Here we find also a number of other Scandinavians who have shared -the burden of early struggles. - -Four miles up the river from Skagit City stands the jolly city of Mt. -Vernon, which has within its boundary many prominent men from the -shores of Norway and Sweden. The two leading merchants of the city are -Norwegians--Louis Foss and N. J. Moldstad. - - [Illustration: LOUIS FOSS.] - -Louis Foss is well known throughout the Pacific country, being the first -Scandinavian state senator in Washington. He was born in Norway, 1849, -received a liberal education, graduated from college at nineteen, and -shortly after emigrated to America, locating in Wisconsin. He worked -four years as scaler of logs on Chippewa river; went to the Dakota -Black Hills during the excitement of 1875, where he remained two years -working in the mines. From whence he went to Zumbrota, Minnesota, to -assume the management of a large merchandise store, in which capacity -he labored faithfully for five years. His name had acquired a favorable -clang among the people and the city of Fosston was christened to his -honor. In 1887 he disposed of his interests in Minnesota and moved -to Tacoma, Washington, where he engaged in real estate, and entered -mercantile business at Mt. Vernon and Buckley. Five years later he was -elected state senator from Pierce county, and served his state with -honor for four years. At the expiration of his senatorship he removed -with his family to Mt. Vernon, where he now resides, and owns a big -mercantile establishment, The Fair. He has also a large store of similar -kind in Anacortes which his eldest son is managing. Mr. Foss is not only -a man of business aptitude, but also a man of character, fidelity and -honor. - - [Illustration: N. J. MOLDSTAD.] - -N. J. Moldstad merits the appellation of "progressive business man." He -was born in Vestre Toten, Norway, April 1, 1863, where he obtained his -early education. July 2, 1876, he sailed for America, settling at De -Forest, Wisconsin, and shortly after entered his brother's dry goods -store. His next move was to Lanesborough, Minnesota, where he secured -a clerkship with a big mercantile firm, afterwards assumed a similar -vocation in Minneapolis. From whence he turned his attention to North -Dakota, embarking in store and banking business for himself. The -Pacific had become a fascinating field, sold out, and crossed the Rocky, -locating in Tacoma, where he established a shoe store. Another journey -seemed to emphasize business progress, disposed of his establishment -in Tacoma and engaged in dry goods and clothing in Mt. Vernon. The last -years he has also given due consideration to the Alaska gold fields, -being interested in several claims around Dawson. In 1893 he took a trip -to Europe, traveled in England, France, Germany and the Scandinavian -countries. In 1898 he was married to an estimable lady in Mt. Vernon, -and spent his honeymoon journeying in California, the Southern states -and New York, visited Washington and shook hands with President -McKinley. On returning took in Chicago and other large cities. Mr. -Moldstad is a republican in politics and has been delegate to county and -state conventions, but has scoffed at the idea of seeking any office. He -is like Mr. Louis Foss, of the same city, in being a true gentleman, -respected and respectable. - - [Illustration: A MUSICIAN ON SKAGIT RIVER.] - - - - -SCANDINAVIANS IN BELLINGHAM BAY. - -CHAPTER XIII. - - -It is but few places where nature has been so kind and lavishing with -her store of grandeur as in Bellingham Bay. Sweet in music, the happy -ripples dance to kiss the pebbled borders of the twin cities--New -Whatcom and Fairhaven. Above the din of their tumults stands the -white-haired Mt. Baker with a snowy hood drawn down his broad shoulders, -throwing glimpses of awe over a gay landscape. About four miles from -these sister cities smiles Lake Whatcom, where living gondolas ride on -its glassy bosom from shore to shore. - - [Illustration: MT. BAKER, SEEN FROM FAIRHAVEN.] - -In early days Scandinavians gave heed to this happy land of verdure and -songs. About forty years ago they visited the bay and reconnoitered the -country. Everson, a Norwegian by birth, was among the first pioneers. -The last ten years a number of Norwegians, Swedes and Danes have located -in both New Whatcom and Fairhaven, and rank among the leading business -men of the two cities. - - [Illustration: FISHING IN BELLINGHAM BAY.] - -O. B. Barba, a prominent lawyer of New Whatcom, born in Norway, but -raised and educated in Wisconsin, came here, 1890, and has steadily -invited the confidence of his countrymen and the people in general. - -Ole Oien has the honor of being the first Scandinavian elected to -county office in Whatcom county. He was born in Toten, Norway, came to -Bellingham Bay several years ago, and at the last election was chosen to -the office of county clerk. He is a man of energy and intelligence, and -may rise to higher trust and honor in the gift of the people. - -Olaf Udness and Charley Erholm, the former born in Norway and the latter -in Finland, emigrated here, 1889. They are proprietors of the Pacific -Steam Laundry, and prominent in business and social circles. - -Thomas Dahlquist, a native of Sweden, and one of the leading grocers in -New Whatcom, landed in Bellingham Bay, 1889, and has gained the esteem -of all the people. His wife was born in Norway and is regarded as the -foremost Scandinavian lady in the city. - -John Larsen, owner of the only first-class music store in Bellingham -Bay, is an able business man. His wife is an influential member of the -Norwegian Synod church. - -A. G. Wickman, born in Sweden, cast his eye for the first time over -Bellingham Bay, August 2, 1889. He is a man of keen intellect and sound -judgment, and possesses the air of a true gentleman. He is a merchant -tailor and enjoys a lucrative business. - -P. Osberg and George Martinsen are well-known contractors, the firm -being Osberg and Martinsen. My pen would not be true to these gentlemen -without the following assertion: "Osberg and Martinsen's ingenious work -has commanded technical honor to the Scandinavians." - -P. Jacobsen, a son of Denmark, is likewise a man of mechanical aptitude. -He is a skillful blacksmith and a true gentleman. - -In Fairhaven we find many popular Scandinavians, men who are held -in high esteem by the people. Rev. T. J. Moen is one who enjoys the -respect and love of the community. He was born in Talgen, Norway, where -he received his early education. In 1879 he graduated from Hamar -Seminarium, among the highest in scholarship, and two years later -emigrated to America, where he secured a position as teacher of -religion. His ambition was to be a minister of the gospel, and in 1889 -entered Augsburg Seminarium, spent one year in the academic department, -then stept into the theological college and graduated with honor after -three years of diligent study. He came to New Whatcom seven years ago -as pastor of the United Lutheran church, and has met with success in his -responsible vocation. - -Mrs. T. J. Moen, a lady of intelligence and fine training, was born in -Rollag, Numedal, Norway, and came to America while a lass of six years. -At the age of nineteen she was united in holy matrimony to Rev. T. J. -Moen. She is an earnest worker in the Sunday school, likewise attentive -to her fireside duties. - -J. M. Scarseth and Chris. Grue, proprietors of the Wisconsin Grocery, -rank as the foremost merchants of Fairhaven. Scarseth was born in -Wisconsin of Norwegian parents and Grue in Norway. They came to -Bellingham Bay, 1889. - -Henry Christian Engeberg is a Dane by birth, a fine scholar and a -careful druggist. He is a graduate of the University of Copenhagen -and came to Fairhaven ten years ago. - -B. W. Benson, a real estate dealer, is a man of true Norse type, social, -honest and intelligent. He was born in Norway, and came to Bellingham -Bay, 1889. - -A. L. Stenvig, the only merchant tailor in Fairhaven, traces his -birthplace to Norway. He came to this city ten years ago, worked -for others at first, but now owns a paying establishment. - -Gust. Linden, a native of Sweden, O. M. C. Henning and Chris. Keel, born -in Norway, have been in Fairhaven since 1890, and have worked themselves -up from meager circumstances to affluence and honor. They are -representatives of the industrial classes, possessed of mechanical -ingenuity and prominent members of the Lutheran church. - -Mrs. Henning, wife of O. M. C. Henning, is a woman of learning and -elevated character, being an energetic worker in the United Lutheran -church. Her oldest daughter, Mrs. Richard, is a popular teacher in the -city schools of Fairhaven. - - - - -SCATTERED SCANDINAVIAN COMMUNITIES, POULSBO AND OTHER PLACES. - -CHAPTER XIV. - - - AT POULSBO BAY - - The rippling bells are ringing, - The druid woods are singing, - And mellow throats hang on the air - Pouring their hearts into music rare. - Ever ringing, - Ever singing, - At Poulsbo Bay. - - Nature's soul in rapture smiling, - Hillocks green the sunbeams climbing; - When morning bursts on pearl-set wing, - The vocal harps of the forest sing, - Sweet freedom's air, - In sunshine fair, - At Poulsbo Bay. - - Jingle, jingle, ever chiming, - Sea and land together rhyming, - Sweet poets untaught singing, - Nature's God to me is ringing. - Rapture chiming, - Grandeur smiling, - At Poulsbo Bay. - -On a sunny slope slowly rising from the merry sheet of golden water, -stands the town of Poulsbo, in Kitsap county, about twenty-five miles -northwest from Seattle. A smiling tongue of the Sound is rippling into -the land, and here and there a green nose is pushing itself into the -brine as trying to contest with the elements of the deep. Sweet melodies -spring from the laughing ripples, and sail on the wings of lazy zephyrs -to cheer the ears of the village. This musical bay is a natural abode -for Scandinavians who are wont to the songs of happy fjords. As early as -1875, Ole Stubb stranded his skiff on the shore of this vocal stretch -for permanent nestling. He was born in Norway, and has witnessed days of -divers struggles, interlaced with days of sunshine. - -A year later Fred Landstone pinned his lot to a piece of land about ten -miles east of Poulsbo, and in 1883 Jorgen Eliason was attracted to the -bay, and has ever since been instrumental in shaping the affairs of the -community. He is a native of Norway, landed in Michigan, 1870, and -has proved himself a man of honor and intellectual capacity, a true -representative of Norse simplicity and manhood. I. B. Moe arrived -simultaneously and has been a potent factor in a multitude of -enterprises. - - [Illustration: JORGEN ELIASON'S RANCH.] - -Torge Jensen, a prominent citizen of Poulsbo, a man of integrity and -intelligence, was a member of the early brigade of pioneers. He was born -in Norway and came to Poulsbo from South Dakota. He has been one of the -foremost men to look after the interest of the place, educationally and -otherwise. - -Nils Olson, also of Norse birth, merits a footing among the first -settlers and deserves the encomium due a man of honesty and noble aims. - -Among the business men of Poulsbo, Adolph Hostmark carries the honor of -being the first merchant. He erected a store fifteen years ago, and -conducted a general merchandise establishment until his death. Some -years subsequent Lars Christensen engaged in mercantile business and his -career has been an uninterrupted success, characteristic of industry and -uprightness. - - [Illustration: LARS CHRISTENSEN AND WIFE.] - -Lars Christensen was born in Thisted, Denmark, 1844, received a common -school education, spent years on a large plantation as foreman and -assistant manager. In 1872 he emigrated to America, selecting Marquette, -Michigan, as his favorable place for dwelling. He worked on the docks -and at other manual labor until 1875, when he migrated to Brookings -county, South Dakota, where he engaged in farming. After twelve years of -varied experiences on the Dakota prairies he turned his attention to the -Pacific, arriving in Poulsbo, 1887, where he embarked in clearing -land and ranching. A beautiful place in the heart of the smiling villa -bespeaks his pluck and industry. In 1893 he launched into general -merchandise, which he later converted into a dry goods store. Mr. -Christensen has always been a prominent member of the Lutheran church -and a true republican in politics, and in every walk of life a loyal -citizen, honest, intelligent and respected. He was married to an -estimable lady in Denmark. They have one son, C. P. Christensen, who -was born in Denmark, 1868, and came to America with his parents. He has -inherited the traits of a noble father and mother and ranks among the -best of men, endowed with a fine intellect and moral integrity. - -Poulsbo has achieved what no other community on the coast has ventured -to do. While the villa was in its early embryo a knot of pioneers -organized and incorporated the Poulsbo Wharf and Storage Company, and -built a substantial dock and warehouse, accessible by any steamer. - -The first steamer that cleaved the bosom of the deep between Poulsbo and -Seattle was the Quickstep, owned by John J. Hansen, who later built -Hattie Hansen. But to burst the chains of monopolized transportation, -and to usher pecuniary relief to the toiling farmers, a sprinkling of -valorous hearts, headed by Thomas Hegdahl and Nils Olson, perfected the -organization of the Poulsbo-Colby Transportation Company, and built -the beautiful steamer--Advance--which plies daily between Poulsbo and -Seattle. - - [Illustration: STEAMER ADVANCE.] - -The following are officers of the Poulsbo-Colby Transportation Company; -J. A. McPherson, President; Peter Erlandson, Vice-president; C. P. -Christensen, Secretary; L. Christensen, Treasurer; J. W. Russell, -Manager. - -Poulsbo has had its religious upheavals but aside from these fanatical -revolutions it has scattered seeds of Christian principles. A fine -Lutheran church tops a pleasant hillock as evidence of this statement. -Rev. I. Tollefsen was summoned to the bay as the first gospel expounder -who unveiled the gems of the Old Book according to Augsburgian theology. -Into his footsteps dropped Rev. H. Langeland who is yet a beloved -representative of the Supreme Being in the charming town of Poulsbo. -Many of the trance reports which have taken speedy wings for other -climes have not been absolutely true. In justice to Rev. H. Langeland -my pen cannot evade the declaration that he is a gentleman and a true -Christian. - -The Orphans' Home, organized eight years ago, looms magnificently on a -nicely trimmed knoll, overlooking a wizard landscape. Rev. Tollefsen is -the father of the institution, but the people in general have given to -it their unreserved support. - - [Illustration: ORPHANS' HOME AT POULSBO.] - -During recent years, Poulsbo has made quick strides forward, no less -than four stores and two hotels combine to signalize its progress. -Langeland and Eliason are thrifty grocers; Alf Hostmark conducts an -establishment of similar nature; Thos. Hegdahl is a prosperous furniture -dealer and L. Christensen a dry goods merchant. The farmers around -Poulsbo have tendered ready hands to any project tending to advance the -interest of their villa. Steiner Thoreson and T. Paulson have been -active exponents in the divers avenues of melioration, and A. V. -Paulson, an ex-teacher of the public schools, has never been lagging -when a new enterprise was to be rooted. Ole Thompson, A. Talakson, A. O. -Hagan, Chris. Williams and Ole Nelson figure among the early settlers. -They are thrifty farmers and have contributed their time and energy for -the good of the community. Nils Atleson, though recent colonist, has -shared the burden of pushing the place to the front. He is the leader of -the United Lutheran church, and a man of intelligence and pluck. K. G. -Steen and others have also proved worthy factors where skill and energy -shine pre-eminently. - -The country surrounding Poulsbo is mostly peopled with Scandinavians. -Pearson, across the bay, is a thriving community, principally settled -with intelligent Swedes, who have spared no time to make their terra -firma attractive. - -Breidablik, the home of the Paulson family, is an inviting place. As we -recede further from Poulsbo we come to Seabold where many Scandinavians -breathe happiness and prosperity. A short distance from this village -lives C. Sanders, who was born in Sweden and came to Port Madison -thirty-five years ago. There are also other old settlers as A. M. -Anderson and Chas. Olson. Across a pleasant elevation of land slowly -falling to the sea we find the flower-besprinkled Rollingbay, where some -early pioneers contend happily with the wild billows of the world. -Martin Sunnes, Dona Falk, Andrew Sornsen, Nils Peterson, Peter Bye, T. -Siverson, Mrs. Hanna Johnson and C. Johnson were the first adventurers. - -There are other scattered Scandinavian settlements, but let it suffice, -for this volume, by taking a step to Shelton, Mason county. Here we -find the well-known Professor G. B. Gunderson and other prominent -Scandinavians. Prof. Gunderson has served the people of his county -as superintendent of the public schools and as representative in the -legislation, with marked ability and success. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Scandinavians on the Pacific, Puget -Sound, by Thomas Ostenson Stine - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SCANDINAVIANS *** - -***** This file should be named 42384-8.txt or 42384-8.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/2/3/8/42384/ - -Produced by Jude Eylander, Dianna Adair, Bryan Ness, and -the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive/American -Libraries.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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