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diff --git a/42120-h/42120-h.htm b/42120-h/42120-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..969a079 --- /dev/null +++ b/42120-h/42120-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,3171 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html + PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII" /> +<title>Biographical Outlines, by Anonymous</title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + P { margin-top: .75em; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + P.gutsumm { margin-left: 5%;} + P.poetry {margin-left: 3%; } + .GutSmall { font-size: 0.7em; } + H1, H2 { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + } + H3, H4, H5 { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + } + BODY{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + table { border-collapse: collapse; } +table {margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;} + td { vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid black;} + td p { margin: 0.2em; } + .blkquot {margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em;} /* block indent */ + + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .pagenum {position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: small; + text-align: right; + font-weight: normal; + color: gray; + } + img { border: none; } + img.dc { float: left; width: 50px; height: 50px; } + p.gutindent { margin-left: 2em; } + div.gapspace { height: 0.8em; } + div.gapline { height: 0.8em; width: 100%; border-top: 1px solid;} + div.gapmediumline { height: 0.3em; width: 40%; margin-left:30%; + border-top: 1px solid; } + div.gapmediumdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 40%; margin-left:30%; + border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;} + div.gapshortdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 20%; + margin-left: 40%; border-top: 1px solid; + border-bottom: 1px solid; } + div.gapdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 50%; + margin-left: 25%; border-top: 1px solid; + border-bottom: 1px solid;} + div.gapshortline { height: 0.3em; width: 20%; margin-left:40%; + border-top: 1px solid; } + .citation {vertical-align: super; + font-size: .8em; + text-decoration: none;} + img.floatleft { float: left; + margin-right: 1em; + margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } + img.floatright { float: right; + margin-left: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; + margin-bottom: 0.5em; } + img.clearcenter {display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0.5em; + margin-bottom: 0.5em} + --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> +</head> +<body> +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg eBook, Biographical Outlines, by Anonymous + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: Biographical Outlines + British History + + +Author: Anonymous + + + +Release Date: February 17, 2013 [eBook #42120] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES*** +</pre> +<p>Transcribed from the [1879] B. Harris & Co. edition by +David Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org</p> +<h1>BIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES</h1> +<div class="gapspace"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center">BRITISH HISTORY.</p> +<div class="gapspace"> </div> +<p style="text-align: center">London:</p> +<p style="text-align: center">B. HARRIS & Co.,</p> +<p style="text-align: center">4, <span class="smcap">Great +Marlborough Street, W.</span></p> +<h2><a name="pageiii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +iii</span>INDEX.</h2> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span +class="GutSmall">PAGE</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>à-Becket, Thos.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page10">10</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Abercrombie, Sir Ralph</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page56">56</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Addison, Joseph</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page37">37</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Agricola</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page3">3</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Alban, Saint</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page3">3</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Alfred, King</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page6">6</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Arkwright, Sir Richard</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page52">52</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Arthur, King</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page4">4</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Asser</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page7">7</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Augustine, Saint</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page5">5</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Bacon, Francis</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page29">29</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Bacon, Roger</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page11">11</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Barbauld, Mrs.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page67">67</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Bede, Venerable</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page6">6</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Black Prince</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page17">17</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Blackstone, Sir William</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page49">49</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Blake, Admiral</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page32">32</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Boadicea</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page2">2</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Brindley, James</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page46">46</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Bruce, Sir Robert</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page14">14</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Brunel, Sir I. K.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page81">81</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Bunyan, John</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page35">35</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Burke, Edmund</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page54">54</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Butler, Joseph</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page41">41</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Byron, Lord</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page67">67</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Cabot, Sebastian</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page24">24</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Cæsar, Julius</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page1">1</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Campbell, Thomas</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page74">74</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Canute</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page8">8</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Caractacus</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page2">2</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Caxton, William</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page20">20</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Cecil, William</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page26">26</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Chantrey, Sir Francis</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page73">73</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Chaucer</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page18">18</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Clive, Lord</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page46">46</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Coleridge, Samuel Taylor</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page72">72</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Constantine</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page4">4</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Cook, Captain</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page48">48</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Cornwallis, Lord</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page57">57</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Cowper, William</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page56">56</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Crabbe, George</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page69">69</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Cranmer, Thomas</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page23">23</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Davy, Sir Humphrey</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page68">68</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Defoe, Daniel</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page40">40</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Dickens, Charles</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page84">84</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Drake, Sir Francis</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page25">25</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Dunstan, Saint</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page8">8</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Dryden, John</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page35">35</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Edgeworth, Maria</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page77">77</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Edward I.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page3">3</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Edward III.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page16">16</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Evelyn, John</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page36">36</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Fielding, Henry</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page42">42</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Flamstead, John</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page37">37</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Flaxman, John</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page68">68</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Franklin, Sir John</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page76">76</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Fry, Mrs. Elizabeth</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page74">74</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Fox, Charles James</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page60">60</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Gainsborough, Thos.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page51">51</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Garrick, David</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page48">48</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Gibbon, Edward</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page53">53</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Gildas the Wise</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page5">5</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Goldsmith, Oliver</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page47">47</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Gower, John</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page18">18</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Hampden, John</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page30">30</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Harvey, Dr.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page33">33</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a name="pageiv"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +iv</span>Hastings, Warren</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page63">63</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Hengist and Horsa</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page4">4</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Henry V.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page18">18</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Herschel, Sir William</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page65">65</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Hogarth, William</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page43">43</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Hume, David</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page47">47</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Jenner, Dr.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page66">66</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Johnson, Dr.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page49">49</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Jones, Inigo</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page32">32</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Jonson, Ben</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page30">30</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Keats, John</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page64">64</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Keble, John</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page83">83</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Kemble, John</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page66">66</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Ken, Bishop</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page36">36</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Langton, Cardinal</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page11">11</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Laud, William</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page31">31</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Lawrence, Sir Thomas</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page69">69</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Lely, Sir Peter</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page34">34</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Llewellyn</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page13">13</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Locke, John</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page36">36</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Marlborough, Duke of</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page38">38</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Milton, John</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page34">34</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Montfort, Simon de</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page12">12</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Moore, Sir John</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page62">62</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Moore, Thomas</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page80">80</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>More, Hannah</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page71">71</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>More, Sir Thomas</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page22">22</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Mortimer, Roger</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page15">15</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Nelson, Lord</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page57">57</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Neville, Earl of Warwick</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page19">19</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Newton, Sir Isaac</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page40">40</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>O’Connell, Daniel</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page75">75</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Palmerston, Lord</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page82">82</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Park, Mungo</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page61">61</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Paulinus</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page2">2</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Peel, Sir Robert</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page77">77</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Peter the Hermit</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page9">9</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Philippa, Queen</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page16">16</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Pitt, Lord Chatham</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page47">47</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Pitt, William</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page59">59</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Pope, Alexander</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page41">41</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Raleigh, Sir Walter</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page28">28</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Reynolds, Sir Joshua</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page53">53</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Richard Cœur de Lion</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page10">10</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Richardson, Samuel</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page43">43</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Rodney, Lord</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page52">52</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Rogers, Samuel</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page80">80</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Scott, Sir Walter</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page70">70</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Shakespeare</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page28">28</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Shelley, Sir Percy</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page65">65</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Sheridan</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page62">62</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Sidney, Sir Philip</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page24">24</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Smollett</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page45">45</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Southey</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page73">73</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Spenser, Edmund</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page27">27</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Steele</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page40">40</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Sterne</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page44">44</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Stephenson, Sir Robert</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page81">81</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Stuart, James</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page44">44</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Stuart, Charles Edward</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page49">49</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Swift, Dean</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page41">41</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Taylor, Jeremy</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page83">83</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Thackeray, William M.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page82">82</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Tyndale, William</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page23">23</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Tyrrell, Sir Walter</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page9">9</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Vandyke</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page31">31</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Wallace, Sir William</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page13">13</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Walsingham, Sir Francis</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page25">25</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Watt, James</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page64">64</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Wedgwood, Josiah</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page53">53</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Wellington, Duke of</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page79">79</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Wesley, John</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page51">51</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Whitfield, George</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page45">45</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Wilberforce, William</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page71">71</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Wilkie, Sir David</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page72">72</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Wolfe, General</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page42">42</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Wolsey, Cardinal</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page20">20</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Wordsworth, William</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page78">78</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Wren, Sir Christopher</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page39">39</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<h2><a name="page1"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 1</span>JULIUS +CÆSAR.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">B.C.</span> +100–44.</p> +<p><span class="smcap">This</span> greatest of the Roman +generals, and afterwards the first Roman emperor, having subdued +the whole of Gaul, beyond and on this side the Alps (now France, +Switzerland, and part of Italy), invaded Britain, and landing +near Deal, defeated the Britons and obliged them to pay tribute, +<span class="GutSmall">B.C.</span> 55. The next year he led +a second and larger army to Britain, and having conquered the +British tribes in several battles, he took possession of the +southern provinces, and paved the way for the total occupation of +Britain by the Romans.</p> +<h2><a name="page2"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +2</span>CARACTACUS.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Died <span +class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 43.</p> +<p>A brave British general (son of a native king, Cunobolin) who +resisted the Romans when, under the Emperor Claudius, they +extended their conquests in Britain. Taken prisoner to +Rome, and led in triumph, he expressed his surprise that a nation +possessed of such magnificence could covet his humble cottage in +Britain.</p> +<h2>PAULINUS.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Died <span +class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 59.</p> +<p>A Roman general sent to Britain under the Emperor Nero. +He attacked and destroyed the Druids in the island of Anglesea, +and so roused the Britains that, under their queen, Boadicea, +they defeated the Romans with great slaughter, and burned +London.</p> +<h2>BOADICEA.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Died <span +class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 61.</p> +<p>Queen of the Iceni, who occupied <a name="page3"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 3</span>Norfolk and the valley of the great +Ouse. She and her daughter being shamefully and cruelly +treated by the Romans, under Paulinus, attacked and defeated them +and burned London. She was, however, soon after defeated by +them in Essex, and eighty thousand Britons were slain, when in +despair she poisoned herself.</p> +<h2>AGRICOLA.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Died <span +class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 78.</p> +<p>A Roman general under the Emperor Vespasian, conquered most of +Britain and part of Scotland (called Caledonia). He taught +the Britons Roman arts and customs, made roads, and built two +walls to keep out the unsubdued tribes in the far north. +His sailors sailed round Great Britain, and so discovered it to +be an island.</p> +<h2>SAINT ALBAN.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Died <span +class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 303.</p> +<p>A British officer of the Roman army, who became the first +Christian martyr <a name="page4"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +4</span>in England at Verulam, now called St. Albans.</p> +<h2>CONSTANTINE THE GREAT.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born <span +class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 309.—Died <span +class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 337.</p> +<p>The first Christian Roman emperor. The son of the +Emperor Constantius, who came over to Britain, had married a +British princess, and died at York <span +class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 309; where Constantine assumed the +rank of emperor. He is said by some historians to have been +born in England. He greatly promoted Christianity.</p> +<h2>HENGIST AND HORSA.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> +449.</p> +<p>Two Saxon chiefs, who came over at the invitation of the +Britons, under their chief, Vortigern, to help them drive back +the Picts and Scots, who, coming from the north, invaded the +country when the Romans abandoned Britain.</p> +<h2>KING ARTHUR.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Reigned 508–533.</p> +<p>When the Romans left Britain, <span +class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> <a name="page5"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 5</span>409, the country split up into +principalities and petty kingdoms, under chiefs. Vortigern +brought in the Saxons to help him reign, and they took possession +of most of southern England. King Arthur is said to have +stemmed the invasion and conquered them in twelve pitched +battles, and to have formed a league of chiefs reaching from +Somersetshire to the Frith of Forth. Beautiful legends have +been written about this league and the chiefs who joined in +it. Arthur’s reign lasted twenty-five years.</p> +<h2>GILDAS THE WISE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> +570.</p> +<p>The first British historian. A native of Wales, and a +monk. He died <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 570.</p> +<h2>SAINT AUGUSTINE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Died <span +class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 596.</p> +<p>A Benedictine monk, who was sent over from Rome by Pope +Gregory the Great, at the invitation of the <a +name="page6"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 6</span>Saxon king +Ethelbert, to preach the Gospel in Britain. Two of the +kings were soon converted to Christianity, who pulled down the +heathen temples and began to build churches.</p> +<h2>VENERABLE BEDE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 672.—Died 735.</p> +<p>A Benedictine monk of great learning, and an early author and +historian; he translated the Scriptures into Anglo-Saxon. +Died <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 735.</p> +<h2>ALFRED THE GREAT.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 849.—Died +901.—Ethelwulf.—Ethelbald—Ethelbert.—Ethelred.—Alfred.</p> +<p>This extraordinary man, who has with justice been called the +greatest of all the line of English kings, was the son of +Ethelwulf and Osburga, and was born at Wantage in +Berkshire. He learnt to read at six years old, and steadily +set himself to gain and spread the love of learning, when he +began his reign at seventeen. The Danes overran his +kingdom, and he was forced to take refuge in <a +name="page7"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 7</span>the Isle of +Athelney, between the rivers Parret and Tone; it was then that he +was set to watch the cakes baking in the ashes, in a hut in which +he had asked shelter. After he had subdued the Danes, +Alfred enlarged his fleet, and sent envoys to other countries to +obtain a knowledge of their state and productions. His name +was well known at Rome, Constantinople, Bagdad, and even in +India. Alfred first sketched out the English Constitution +in his Code of Laws. He built and endowed schools, had +books written and chained in the churches, and invented a +wax-candle clock, which measured the time by burning an inch of +wax in twenty minutes. After a reign of thirty-four years, +spent in unceasing toil for the good of his people, Alfred died +in 901.</p> +<h2>ASSER.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Died 909.</p> +<p>A native of Wales, a learned monk, and Bishop of Sherbourne, +who was <a name="page8"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +8</span>tutor to King Alfred. He afterwards wrote his +life. Died <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 909.</p> +<h2>ST. DUNSTAN, ABBOT.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 945.—Died 978.</p> +<p>A Saxon nobleman, who became a Benedictine monk, Abbot of +Glastonbury Abbey, and Archbishop of Canterbury, was the most +learned man of his time. He learnt every art then known, +and first used stained glass and organs in England. He +lived for some time in a cave, and is said to have had personal +battles with Satan, who appeared under different shapes to tempt +him.</p> +<h2>CANUTE THE GREAT.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Reigned 1017–1035.</p> +<p>A Danish king who came to the throne in 1017, he ruled over +England, Norway, Sweden and Denmark, and was therefore called +“The Great.” He rebuked his courtiers, who +flattered him, by commanding the waves to retire, and when they +<a name="page9"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 9</span>wetted his +feet reminded them that there was only One who could say to the +ocean, “Thus far shalt thou go, and no +farther.” He died <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> +1035.</p> +<h2>PETER THE HERMIT.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Died 1115.</p> +<p>A poor French priest who, on his return from a pilgrimage to +the Holy Land, went about from country to country persuading +princes and people to join in the crusades against the Saracens +with great enthusiasm.</p> +<h2>SIR WALTER TYRRELL.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">William II.</p> +<p>All that we read of this character is the story of his +accidentally shooting King William II. while they were hunting +together in the New Forest. It is supposed by many +historians that the arrow was aimed intentionally at the +king. By most modern authors the story is entirely +discredited.</p> +<h2><a name="page10"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 10</span>THOMAS +À BECKET.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1117.—Died +1170.—Henry I.—Stephen.—Henry II.</p> +<p>Chancellor to Henry II. and tutor to his son, he became a +great favourite with the king, who afterwards made him Archbishop +of Canterbury. He then espoused the cause of the clergy +against the king, and so exasperated him by turning against him, +that he was murdered in Canterbury Cathedral by four knights, in +whose presence the king had a short time previously rashly +exclaimed: “Is there nobody that will rid me of this +turbulent priest?”</p> +<h2>RICHARD CŒUR DE LION.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Reigned 1189–1199.</p> +<p>Son of Henry II.; succeeded his father in 1189 as King Richard +I. Of the ten years of his reign, six months only were +spent in England; his life was passed in the crusades in the Holy +Land, when after taking Acre he attacked Jerusalem, but without +success. On his return <a name="page11"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 11</span>through Germany, after being +shipwrecked, he was imprisoned by the emperor, and was not +released until he had paid a heavy ransom. Shortly after +his return he was besieging a castle in France, when he was shot +by an arrow.</p> +<h2>STEPHEN CARDINAL LANGTON.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1151—Died +1228.—John.</p> +<p>Stephen Langton, English Chancellor of the University of +Paris, was made Archbishop of Canterbury, but, owing to the +king’s opposition, did not enter into possession till 1213, +when John was obliged to give way. Langton formed a solemn +league with the English barons against the king’s tyranny; +and the Great Charter of English liberty which they drew up was +signed by John at Runnymead, near Windsor, in 1215. In the +Great Charter the first idea of the House of Lords is drawn +out.</p> +<h2>ROGER BACON.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1214.—Died 1294.</p> +<p>A Franciscan monk, born at Ilchester, <a +name="page12"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 12</span>in +Somersetshire. A natural philosopher and man of +science. He is acknowledged to have introduced the study of +chemistry into England, and was the first to combine the +ingredients of gunpowder, though he did not foresee to what the +discovery would lead.</p> +<h2>SIMON DE MONTFORT,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Died 1265.—Henry III.</p> +<p>Earl of Leicester, headed a rebellion against King Henry III., +whom he defeated and took prisoner, with his son, Prince Edward, +in a battle at Lewes. During the king’s imprisonment +he called together a Parliament, the first to which the boroughs +sent members. Prince Edward soon after this escaped, and +collecting an army, attacked Montfort near Evesham, who, although +he was an experienced general, was utterly defeated, and he and +one of his sons were killed and almost torn to pieces.</p> +<h2><a name="page13"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +13</span>LLEWELLYN,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Died 1282.—Henry +III.—Edward I.</p> +<p>The last king of Wales, who refusing to do homage to King +Edward I., was attacked by him, and taken prisoner to +London. He was released on paying a heavy tribute and +giving up the whole of Wales, excepting the island of Angelsea; +resisting the heavy yoke put upon him, he was surprised and slain +a few years afterwards, in 1282.</p> +<h2>SIR WILLIAM WALLACE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1276.—Died +1305.—Henry III.—Edward I.</p> +<p>A brave Scottish warrior who resisted the English under Edward +I. He gained a great victory over the English near +Stirling, and for several years kept the English at bay. He +was, however, at length defeated, betrayed and sent to London, +and beheaded in 1305.</p> +<h2>EDWARD I.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Reigned 1272–1307.</p> +<p>Son of Henry III. Married (1) <a name="page14"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 14</span>Eleanor of Castile and (2) Margaret +of France. Annexed Wales to England. Began the +conquest of Scotland, and removed the block of marble on which +the Scottish kings were crowned, from Scone (now in Westminster +Abbey). The nobles, asserting the privileges of the Great +Charter, began to assemble and act in this reign as the first +House of Lords; and by creating “Barons by writ” +Edward broke in upon the monopolies of the nobles, and laid the +foundations of the House of Commons.</p> +<h2>ROBERT BRUCE,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1274.—Died +1320.—Edward I.—Edward II.</p> +<p>Who had been educated in King Edward I.’s household, +succeeded Wallace as leader of the Scots against Edward I. +Having slain his rival claimant the Red Comyn in the Grey Friars +Church at Dumfries, Bruce borrowed robes, chain, and gold rim +from some saint’s image, <a name="page15"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 15</span>and had himself crowned King of +Scotland at Scone. After the most romantic escapes and +adventures, and retaking all the castles Edward I. had gained, +except Stirling, Bruce defeated Edward II. at the great battle of +Bannockburn, not far from Stirling, and freed Scotland from the +English yoke.</p> +<h2>ROGER MORTIMER,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1287.—Died +1330.—Edward I.—Edward II.—Edward III.</p> +<p>Earl of March. The wicked queen of Edward II. (Isabella) +having joined with Mortimer, Earl of March, in the murder of her +husband at Berkeley Castle, they governed England as they +pleased. Mortimer set up a new order of Knights of the +Round Table, in imitation of King Arthur. Edward III., +still only a boy, surprised the guilty queen’s favourite in +Nottingham Castle, and after a trial by his peers, Mortimer was +hanged at Tyburn, 1330.</p> +<h2><a name="page16"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 16</span>EDWARD +III.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Reigned 1327–1377.</p> +<p>Son of Edward II. First claimed the crown of +France. Won the battles of Cressy (1346) and Poitiers +(1356), and took Calais. Great part of France made over to +the (Black) Prince of Wales. First Speaker of House of +Commons (1376), and great development of the Commons’ +privileges. Edward III. reigned half a century, and was one +of the wisest, ablest, and most useful of the English kings.</p> +<h2>QUEEN PHILIPPA.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Mar. 1327.—Died +1369.—Edward III.</p> +<p>Philippa of Hainault, the queen of Edward III., was the sister +of the Count of Hainault in Flanders (Belgium). She was a +most religious, wise, and able woman, who ruled the country while +the king was at war in France as well as he did himself. +She went with the army against the Scots, and defeated them at +Nevil’s Cross, close to Durham, 1346. After <a +name="page17"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 17</span>the siege of +Calais Queen Philippa begged the lives of Eustace de St. Pierre +and five other French gentlemen, whom the king had condemned to +death. When Queen Philippa died, Edward fell under the +power of a wretched woman, and lost the confidence of his nobles +and people.</p> +<h2>THE BLACK PRINCE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1330.—Died +1376.—Edward III.</p> +<p>The Prince of Wales, son of King Edward III., called the Black +Prince from the colour of his armour, was knighted on the sands +at La Hogue, in the midst of the war between England and France +about the succession to Bretagne (Brittany). He +distinguished himself with extraordinary valour at the battles of +Cressy and Poitiers, and the siege of Calais. He married +Joan of Kent, and held his court chiefly at Bordeaux, and having +ruined his health by an excessive love of fighting, his last +years were spent in a sick room.</p> +<h2><a name="page18"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +18</span>GEOFFREY CHAUCER,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1321.—Died +1400.—Edward II.—Edward III.—Richard III.</p> +<p>Born in London, and called the first English poet, wrote the +twenty-four <i>Canterbury Tales</i>. The scene is laid in +the Tabard inn, Southwark, and the characters of noble, knight, +yeoman, prioress, pardoner, parson, clerk of Oxford, reeve or +steward, and Robin the miller, etc., give the best pictures of +the Plantagenet times that exist.</p> +<h2>JOHN GOWER.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1325.—Died +1402.—Edward II.—Edward III.—Richard +II.—Henry IV.—Henry V.</p> +<p>An early English poet, born in Yorkshire, who flourished about +the same time as Chaucer. His poems are chiefly on moral +subjects, the first edition of them being printed by +Caxton. He was a liberal benefactor to the church of St. +Saviour, Southwark, and died in London.</p> +<h2>HENRY V.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Reigned 1413–1422.</p> +<p>Son of Henry IV. When Prince of <a +name="page19"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 19</span>Wales called +“Madcap Hal.” Invaded France and fought the +battle of Agincourt. Was acknowledged Regent of France and +successor to the crown. Lived chiefly in Paris, and died at +Vincennes, when in the full glory of his reign.</p> +<h2>RICHARD NEVILLE,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born about 1420.—Died +1471.—Harry V.—Henry VI.—Edward IV.</p> +<p>Earl of Warwick (the king maker). This famous nobleman, +also known as the last of the Barons, was the son of the Earl of +Salisbury, and first cousin of Edward IV., son of the Duke of +York. After the first great battle of the Rose wars (St. +Albans) Warwick joined the Yorkists. After the battles of +Bloreheath, Northampton, Wakefield, and Mortimer’s Cross, +Warwick was defeated in the second battle of St. Albans. He +again won the bloodiest struggle of the Rose wars, Towton, but +was slain at Barnet, fighting against Edward IV. With him +English feudalism died.</p> +<h2><a name="page20"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +20</span>WILLIAM CAXTON.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1410.—Died +1491.—Henry IV.—Henry V.—Henry VI.—Edward +IV.—Edward V.—Richard III.—Henry VII.</p> +<p>William Caxton was born in Kent. He seems to have begun +authorship long before printing. He went to Bruges in 1468 +with the English bride of Duke Charles of Burgundy, and +translated for her the <i>Recueil des Histoires de Troye</i>, by +the duke’s chaplain. Having learnt in Germany +(Cologne) to print, he brought out this translation in +1471. He removed in 1474 to Westminster, where he lived in +the Reed Pale, near the Almonry, and set up his printing-press +there. The first book printed there was <i>The Game and +Playe of the Chesse</i>, <i>translated out of the +French</i>. When he died in 1491, Wynkyn de Worde and +Richard Pynson worked the press.</p> +<h2>CARDINAL WOLSEY.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1471.—Died +1530.—Edward IV.—Edward V.—Richard +III.—Henry VII.—Henry VIII.</p> +<p>Thomas Wolsey, the son of a <a name="page21"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 21</span>butcher at Ipswich, became a fellow +of Magdalen College in Oxford. He was a friend of the +famous Erasmus, and helped him in pushing the study of +Greek. While Bursar of Magdalen College he built the +college chapel tower. He was sent as envoy to Bruges on a +negociation of marriage between Margaret of Savoy, daughter of +the Emperor Maximilian, and Henry VII., and was rewarded for the +speed of his journey by the deanery of Lincoln. Under Henry +VIII. Wolsey was successively made king’s almoner, +chancellor of the garter, archbishop of York, cardinal legate, +and lord chancellor of England. His splendour and state +surpassed that of any minister ever seen in England. York +Place (now Whitehall), Esher, and Hampton Court were his +residences in and near London. He built Christ Church +College in Oxford, and a grammar school at Ipswich. When +Wolsey failed to induce Cardinal Campeggio to annul <a +name="page22"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 22</span>Henry’s +marriage with Katherine of Arragon, the king refused to see him +again. The great seal was taken from him, and he was +ordered to retire to York. He was arrested for high +treason, and on his way to London, died in Leicester Abbey, +wishing he had served God as faithfully as he had the king.</p> +<h2>SIR THOMAS MORE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1480.—Died +1535.—Edward IV.—Edward V.—Richard +III.—Henry VII.—Henry VIII.</p> +<p>Was born in Milk Street, London, brought up in the household +of Cardinal Morton under Henry VII. He was early +distinguished by great attainments, wit, and dauntless love of +truth. When Speaker of the House of Commons, he came into +collision with Wolsey upon a loan of £800,000 demanded by +the king. As not a member would open his lips, Wolsey +appealed to More, who said that unless all the statues around him +could put their wits into his head, he could not answer His +Grace. More <a name="page23"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +23</span>refused to take the oath of supremacy to Henry VIII. as +head of the English Church, and he was executed on Tower +Hill. His daughter, Margaret Roper, rescued his head. +He was a man of deep and various learning, and his <i>Utopia</i>, +or romance of a model republic, is well known.</p> +<h2>WILLIAM TYNDALE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1447.—Died +1536.—Henry VI.—Edward IV.—Edward +V.—Richard III.—Henry VII.—Henry VIII.</p> +<p>Was born in Wales, educated at Cambridge, and with Miles +Coverdale made a new translation of the New Testament, the +Pentateuch, and the book of Jonah. He was strangled and +burnt at the stake at Vilvoord, in consequence of the success of +his translations of the Bible.</p> +<h2>THOMAS CRANMER,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1489.—Died +1556.—Henry VII.—Henry VIII.—Edward +VI.—Mary.</p> +<p>Born at Aslacton, in Nottinghamshire, was a tutor at +Cambridge, and was made at one bound Archbishop <a +name="page24"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 24</span>of +Canterbury. He owed his rise to his clever suggestions for +enabling Henry VIII. to divorce Queen Katherine, and became the +favourite of Anne Boleyn in consequence. As Primate he +sanctioned three divorces of Henry VIII. He drew up the +Book of Common Prayer. He perished at the stake at Oxford +in 1550, under Mary, after signing several recantations which he +finally repudiated, and died with firmness.</p> +<h2>SEBASTIAN CABOT,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1447.—Died +1557.—Edward IV.—Edward V.—Richard +III.—Henry VII.—Henry VIII.—Edward VI.</p> +<p>Was born at Bristol, of Venetian ancestry; became a celebrated +navigator. He was the first to see the coast of Labrador +from the ship <i>Matthew</i>, and discovered a great part of +America.</p> +<h2>SIR PHILIP SIDNEY.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1554.—Died +1586.—Mary.—Elizabeth.</p> +<p>This eminent gentleman, poet, and man of letters was born at +Penshurst <a name="page25"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +25</span>in Kent. He was General of the Horse under Queen +Elizabeth, and distinguished himself in many engagements. +He wrote a romance called <i>Arcadia</i> and <i>The Defence of +Poesie</i>. He was killed at the battle of Zutphen in +Holland, where, when a draught of water was brought him, he +showed his unselfishness by sending it to a poor dying soldier +near him, saying, “He wants it more than I do.”</p> +<h2>SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1536.—Died +1590.—Henry VIII.—Edward +VI.—Mary.—Elizabeth.</p> +<p>Sir Francis Walsingham was one of Elizabeth’s most +devoted ministers, and one of the craftiest and wiliest of +men. He had an army of spies in pay, and was the chief +mover in the cruelties practised in Elizabeth’s reign, and +in the beheading of Mary Queen of Scots.</p> +<h2>SIR FRANCIS DRAKE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1545.—Died +1596.—Henry VIII.—Edward +VI.—Mary.—Elizabeth.</p> +<p>One of the “Devonshire Worthies,” <a +name="page26"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 26</span>born at +Tavistock. Sailing from Plymouth with five ships, he passed +through the Straits of Magellan to the South Seas, captured many +large Spanish galleons with his famous <i>Golden Hind</i>, and +returned to Plymouth by the Cape of Good Hope. He had been +two years and ten months sailing round the world (December 1577 +to 1580). Queen Elizabeth dined with Drake on board the +<i>Golden Hind</i> at Deptford and knighted him with her own +hands. Some of the timbers of Drake’s famous ship +were made into a chair, which was given to the university of +Oxford. Drake took a distinguished part in the defeat of +the Spanish Armada.</p> +<h2>WILLIAM CECIL,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1520.—Died +1598.—Henry VIII.—Edward +VI.—Mary.—Elizabeth.</p> +<p>Lord Burleigh, was born in Lincolnshire. He was the +greatest of all Queen Elizabeth’s statesmen and the chief +originator of the English merchant <a name="page27"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 27</span>navy. By taking their +privileges from the Hanse Town steelyard merchants, who +monopolized nearly all the foreign trade of England, he obliged +English merchants to build their own ships; and devoted himself +also to raising the revenues of the country. He purified +the coinage and took a chief part in building the first Exchange, +where the London merchants could meet under cover to transact +their business. He persuaded Queen Elizabeth to visit it, +and it ever after was known as the Royal Exchange. This +building was burnt in the great fire (1666). Lord Burleigh +was a silent and most cautious man, fond of books and his garden, +and was a most useful minister to England.</p> +<h2>EDMUND SPENSER.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1553.—Died +1599.—Mary.—Elizabeth.</p> +<p>The author of the <i>Fairy Queen</i>, six books of which were +unfortunately lost by his servant when coming from <a +name="page28"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 28</span>Ireland, +where Spenser was private secretary to the cruel Lord Grey de +Wilton. He was the great friend of Sir Philip Sidney and +Sir Walter Raleigh. He was born and died in London.</p> +<h2>WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1564.—Died +1616.—Mary.—Elizabeth.—James I.</p> +<p>Universally acknowledged as the greatest poet that ever +lived. He was born in 1564 at Stratford-on-Avon, and when +quite young delighted the court of Queen Elizabeth with his +genius. His plays are the best known of his works, and +those which relate to historical subjects are treasuries of +information upon the manners, customs, and mode of life of the +times they represent.</p> +<h2>SIR WALTER RALEIGH,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1552.—Died +1618.—Edward VI.—Mary.—Elizabeth.—James +I.</p> +<p>Was born at Hayes, in Devonshire, and was one of the +“Devonshire Worthies.” He was the son of a <a +name="page29"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 29</span>Devonshire +gentleman of small fortune, who rose rapidly in favour with Queen +Elizabeth from his wit, good looks, and great talents. He +was sent on a command to Ireland, and afterwards took great part +in colonizing Virginia in North America. In the reign of +James I. he was unjustly accused of high treason and sent to the +Tower, where he wrote his famous “History of the +World.” He was beheaded at Westminster, though his +guilt was never proved.</p> +<h2>FRANCIS BACON,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1561.—Died +1626.—Elizabeth.—James I.—Charles I.</p> +<p>Lord Verulam, was born in London. This extraordinary man +was a great statesman and lawyer, an eminent writer, and has been +called the Light of Science and Father of Experimental +Philosophy. He was made Royal Keeper and Lord Chancellor +under James I., and then trafficked in the decisions of the +woolsack. After a career of unbounded expense and the <a +name="page30"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 30</span>most +unprincipled use of his high offices, Bacon was impeached and +sentenced to a kind of imprisonment within twelve miles of the +court. For five years he presented the pitiful sight of +vast genius, united to a total want of principle or high +character, and with all his splendid gifts he died despised and +in disgrace.</p> +<h2>BEN JONSON.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1574—Died +1637.—Elizabeth.—James I.—Charles I.</p> +<p>This celebrated English poet and dramatist was born in +Westminster. After serving to his credit as a soldier in +the Netherlands, he became a player and dramatic writer. He +was distinguished for his wit, learning, and various information, +as well as for his writings. He was made Poet Laureate by +James I.</p> +<h2>JOHN HAMPDEN.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1594.—Died +1643.—James I.—Charles I.</p> +<p>This brave gentleman, born at Great Hampden, in +Buckinghamshire, distinguished <a name="page31"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 31</span>as a patriot, was the first to refuse +payment of the shipmoney levied by Charles I. He was one of +the foremost of those who reasonably opposed the king’s +unconstitutional acts. He was killed at the battle of +Chalgrove, near Oxford.</p> +<h2>VANDYKE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1598.—Died +1641.—Elizabeth.—James I.—Charles I.</p> +<p>This famous Flemish portrait painter was a pupil of Rubens, +but imitated Titian in his warm, rich colouring. He lived +in England for many years, being much patronised by Charles +I.</p> +<h2>WILLIAM LAUD,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1573—Died +1644.—Elizabeth.—James I.—Charles I.</p> +<p>Archbishop of Canterbury, was born in Berkshire, and educated +at the grammar school, Reading, and at St. John’s College, +Oxford, of which he became President. As Primate in the +turbulent reign of Charles I., he was associated with repressive +measures against the Puritans, to <a name="page32"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 32</span>whom he made himself so obnoxious +that through their instrumentality he was beheaded on Tower +Hill.</p> +<h2>INIGO JONES.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1572.—Died +1652.—Elizabeth.—James I.—Charles I.</p> +<p>An architect, born in London in 1572. He designed many +imposing public buildings in his own peculiar style—the +Banqueting House, Whitehall, the Church and Piazza of Covent +Garden, etc.; many stately brick and stone country houses were +also built by him. He has been called the “British +Vitruvius.”</p> +<h2>ADMIRAL BLAKE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1598.—Died +1657.—Elizabeth.—James I.—Charles I.</p> +<p>Born at Bridgewater in Somersetshire. He was first +distinguished as a Parliamentary General. He afterwards +raised the name of the English navy, under Cromwell, to almost +its greatest height. He burnt nine pirate ships in Tunis +Harbour, and after a series of battles and brilliant <a +name="page33"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 33</span>victories, in +which he several times defeated the Dutch under Van Tromp, he +carried off the spoil of several rich Spanish plate galleons at +Teneriffe. That same year, just as his well-known ship the +<i>St. George</i> was entering Plymouth sound, Blake, worn out +with toil and disease, breathed his last.</p> +<h2>DR. WILLIAM HARVEY.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1578.—Died +1657.—Elizabeth.—James I.—Charles I.</p> +<p>This eminent man of science, born at Folkestone in Kent, was +physician extraordinary to James I. and Charles I. He was +the first discoverer of the circulation of the blood, but his +great modesty of character prevented him from making it known +till many years after.</p> +<h2>JEREMY TAYLOR.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1613.—Died +1667.—James I.—Charles I.—Charles II.</p> +<p>Born at Cambridge, became Bishop of Down and Connor, in +Ireland. He was chaplain to Charles I., and <a +name="page34"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 34</span>was present +during several of his campaigns. After the royal +martyr’s death he kept a school in Wales, and there wrote +the beautiful devotional works by which his name will be +remembered.</p> +<h2>JOHN MILTON.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1608.—Died +1674.—James I.—Charles I.—Charles II.</p> +<p>This great poet, born in Bread Street, London, was +Cromwell’s Latin Secretary, and was strongly imbued with +republican opinions. His <i>Paradise Lost</i> and +<i>Paradise Regained</i> are models of sublime verse; and +<i>Comus</i> and many smaller poems and sonnets are full of +beauty and learning. Milton was totally blind, and was +obliged to dictate his poems to his daughter, who wrote for +him. He was buried in St. Giles’ church, Cripplegate, +London.</p> +<h2>SIR PETER LELY.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1617.—Died +1680.—James I.—Charles I.—Charles II.</p> +<p>A celebrated portrait painter, whose <a +name="page35"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 35</span>pictures are +full of grace and exquisite colouring. He painted the +well-known beauties of the court of Charles II.</p> +<h2>JOHN BUNYAN.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">1628–1688.—Charles +I.—Charles II.—James II.</p> +<p>Born in Bedfordshire, where he began life as a tinker, then +enlisted as a soldier in the Parliamentary army, and ended by +preaching, for which he suffered imprisonment for twelve +years. While in prison he wrote his famous allegory <i>The +Pilgrim’s Progress</i>, and several others, by which his +name will always be known.</p> +<h2>JOHN DRYDEN.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1631.—Died +1700.—Charles I.—Charles II.—James +II.—William III.</p> +<p>The translator of <i>Virgil</i> and the author of <i>The Hind +and Panther</i> and other celebrated political and descriptive +poems of singular energy and force. His plays also are well +known. He was born at Aldwinkle, in Northamptonshire.</p> +<h2><a name="page36"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 36</span>JOHN +LOCKE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1632.—Died +1704.—Charles I.—Charles II.—James +II.—William III.</p> +<p>A celebrated philosopher and man of learning, was born at +Wrington, near Bristol. He wrote the essay upon the Conduct +of the Human Understanding.</p> +<h2>JOHN EVELYN.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1620.—Died +1706.—James I.—Charles I.—Charles +II.—James II.—William III.—Anne.</p> +<p>This Surrey country gentleman was remarkable as a naturalist +and man of literature. He wrote a famous Diary, and +“<i>Silva</i>,” or account of Forest Trees; also on +engraving.</p> +<h2>THOMAS KEN.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1637.—Died +1711.—Charles I.—Charles II.—James +II.—William and Mary.—Anne.</p> +<p>Bishop of Bath and Wells. The friend and relative of +Isaac Walton. Was appointed to the bishoprick of Bath and +Wells by King Charles II. He refused to take the oath of +allegiance to William and Mary, and was consequently deprived of +his see. <a name="page37"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +37</span>He was one of the most eminent of those who for this +refusal were called <i>Nonjurors</i>. He was the author of +<i>The Evening Hymn</i>, and other pious works.</p> +<h2>JOHN FLAMSTEAD.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1646.—Died +1719.—Charles I.—Charles II.—James +II.—William III.—Anne.—George I.</p> +<p>The first astronomer-royal after Greenwich Observatory was +built. He made many astronomical discoveries, and drew up +the catalogue of the stars seen in our astronomical +hemisphere.</p> +<h2>JOSEPH ADDISON.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1672.—Died +1719.—Charles II.—James II.—William +III.—Anne.—George I.</p> +<p>Was born at Milston, in Wiltshire, of which his father was +Rector, and educated at the Charter House and Magdalene College, +Oxford. He is chiefly known by his papers in the +<i>Spectator</i> and <i>Tatler</i>. His style was pure and +flowing, though more polished and artificial than the English of +the present day. He held <a name="page38"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 38</span>several appointments, and became +Secretary of State. He died at Holland House, +Kensington.</p> +<h2>JOHN CHURCHILL,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1650.—Died +1722.—Charles II.—James II.—William +III.—Anne.—George I.</p> +<p>Duke of Marlborough. This celebrated general, born in +Devonshire, went to court as a page under Charles II. He +married the beautiful Sarah Jennings, became attached to the Duke +of York (James II.), and rose rapidly, through his great military +genius. James II. created him Lord Churchill, and by basely +forsaking him for William III., he was created Earl of +Marlborough. In the war of the Spanish Succession (1702) +Marlborough dashed from the Low Countries (Belgium) to Bavaria, +and defeated the French and their allies at Donauwert, Blenheim +(on the Danube, thirty-three miles from Ulm), Ramilies, +Oudenarde, Malplaquet, and Arleux, and in numberless smaller <a +name="page39"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +39</span>engagements. After the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, +Marlborough was created a Duke, and received from the nation a +property and splendid palace near Woodstock, built by Sir John +Vanbrugh, and called Blenheim. Marlborough was unhappy in +his private life.</p> +<h2>SIR CHRISTOPHER WREN.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1632.—Died +1723.—Charles I.—Charles II.—James +II.—William III.—Anne.—George I.</p> +<p>Was born at East Knoyle, in Wiltshire. He was the +greatest architect of his age, after Italian models. He did +not understand the principles of Pointed, or what is called +Gothic Architecture. Besides re-building many of the +churches destroyed by the great fire of London, he built the +Theatre at Oxford and re-built St. Paul’s Cathedral, which +is the greatest of his works. The Latin inscription to him +to be read there justly says, “If you seek for his +monument, look around you.”</p> +<h2><a name="page40"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 40</span>SIR +ISAAC NEWTON.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1642.—Died +1727.—Charles I.—Charles II.—James +II.—William III.—Anne.—George I.</p> +<p>This great man was a native of Woolsthorpe, in Lincolnshire; +he has been called the founder of natural philosophy. He +made great discoveries in astronomy by applying the principle of +gravitation to the planets; and established important facts in +optics and mathematics. His great works were the +<i>Principia</i> and <i>Optics</i>. He was a man of the +gentlest disposition, and was so unassuming and modest that he +seemed unaware of his own genius. He died at +Kensington.</p> +<h2>SIR RICHARD STEELE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1671.—Died +1729.—Charles II.—James II.—William +III.—Anne.—George I.—George II.</p> +<p>The friend of Addison and editor of the <i>Spectator</i>, +<i>Tatler</i>, <i>Guardian</i>, and <i>Englishman</i>, in which +he also wrote.</p> +<h2>DANIEL DEFOE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1661.—Died +1731.—Charles II.—James II.—William +III.—Anne.—George I.—George II.</p> +<p>The author of <i>Robinson Crusoe</i> and <a +name="page41"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 41</span>the +<i>History of the Plague</i>, was the son of James Foe, a butcher +of Cripplegate in London. He also wrote tracts which +several times got him into trouble.</p> +<h2>ALEXANDER POPE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1688.—Died +1744.—James III.—William +III.—Anne.—George I.—George II.</p> +<p>This celebrated poet of the 18th century, the son of a +linendraper in the Strand, London, translated the <i>Iliad</i> +and <i>Odyssey</i>, wrote the <i>Rape of the Lock</i>, the +<i>Essay on Man</i>, and other poems.</p> +<h2>DEAN JONATHAN SWIFT.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1667.—Died +1745.—Charles II.—James II.—William +III.—Anne.—George I.—George II.</p> +<p>An Irish divine, born at Dublin, was a distinguished wit and +writer. He wrote many satirical works, and +<i>Gulliver’s Travels</i>. His bitter, morose spirit +tinges all his works. He died insane as Dean of St. +Patrick’s.</p> +<h2>JOSEPH BUTLER.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1692.—Died +1752.—William III.—Anne.—George I.—George +II.</p> +<p>The author of the famous Analogy <a name="page42"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 42</span>and Sermons, which have been long +used as text-books of moral philosophy at our universities; he +was Bishop of Bristol and afterwards of Durham, and Clerk of the +Closet to Queen Caroline. He was born at Wantage in +Berkshire, and died at Bath.</p> +<h2>HENRY FIELDING,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1707.—Died +1754.—Anne.—George I.—George II.</p> +<p>Son of Lieutenant-General Fielding and great grandson of the +third Earl of Denbigh, was born at Sharpham, in +Somersetshire. He was the author of <i>Tom Jones</i> and +several other novels full of character and accurate descriptions +of varieties of life, but disfigured by the great coarseness of +the age in which he wrote. He died of dropsy at Lisbon.</p> +<h2>GENERAL WOLFE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1726.—Died +1759.—George I.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>This brave General, born in Kent, earned during his short life +of thirty-three years unusual distinction. He was appointed +General of the British <a name="page43"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 43</span>troops in North America, under Lord +Chatham’s administration, and fought in the siege of +Louisbourg, which surrendered, in Cape Breton. While +afterwards besieging Quebec, Wolfe was shot at the moment of his +victory over the French under Montcalm, and when told that the +French troops were flying, said, “I die content.”</p> +<h2>SAMUEL RICHARDSON.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1689.—Died +1761.—William III.—Anne.—George I.—George +II.—George III.</p> +<p>This celebrated novelist was born in Derbyshire. He was +educated at Christ’s Hospital, and began life as a +printer. He was the first English writer of fiction who, in +<i>Sir Charles Grandison</i>, avoided the coarseness which +disfigures Smollett’s and Fielding’s works. He +wrote also <i>Pamela</i> and <i>Clarissa Harlowe</i>, which have +been translated into most of the European languages.</p> +<h2>WILLIAM HOGARTH.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1697.—Died +1764.—William III.—Anne.—George I.—George +II.—George III.</p> +<p>Born in London, began life as an engraver <a +name="page44"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 44</span>on silver: he +became a great painter. The engravings of <i>The +Rake’s Progress</i>, <i>Marriage à la Mode</i>, +<i>The Analysis of Beauty</i>, etc., are universally known. +His works are full of satire and instruction, though not of the +most pleasing kind.</p> +<h2>JAMES STUART.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1688.—Died +1766.—James II.—William III.—Anne.—George +I.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>The first Pretender, son of James II., who when living at St. +Germain, in France, landed in Scotland after the battle of +Sheriffmuir, and made a public entry into Dundee. His small +army soon melted away, and he escaped in a small vessel from the +Bay of Montrose to Gravelines. Unhappily, eight Jacobite +noblemen had been induced to rise in this rebellion, and though +most of them escaped, Lords Derwentwater and Kenmure were +beheaded on Tower Hill.</p> +<h2>LAWRENCE STERNE,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1738.—Died +1768.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>Born at Clonmel in Ireland, was <a name="page45"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 45</span>author of <i>The Sentimental +Journey</i>, <i>Tristram Shandy</i>, and other works.</p> +<h2>GEORGE WHITFIELD,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1714.—Died +1770.—Anne.—George I.—George II.—George +III.</p> +<p>The founder of the sect of Calvinistic Methodists, was born in +Gloucestershire, was educated at the Crypt School there, and at +Pembroke College, Oxford, and first displayed there his +extraordinary powers as an eloquent and forcible preacher. +He worked with the Wesleys in Georgia in America, until +differences arose, which divided the Methodists into two sects, +and he died the rival of Wesley, near Boston, in the United +States.</p> +<h2>DR. TOBIAS SMOLLETT,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1721.—Died +1771.—George I.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>Born in Scotland, was a physician, but is best known as the +author of a very poor continuation of <i>Hume’s History of +England</i>, and very powerful and striking novels, the talent of +<a name="page46"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 46</span>which is +defaced by coarseness and want of religious principle. He +died at Leghorn.</p> +<h2>JAMES BRINDLEY,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1716.—Died +1772.—George I.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>A mechanic of extraordinary abilities, born at Thornsett, in +Derbyshire. He planned the Bridgewater canal from Worsley +to Manchester, and several other great works of inland +navigation.</p> +<h2>ROBERT LORD CLIVE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1725.—Died +1774.—George I.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>A famous General in the East India Company’s Service, +born at Styche, in Shropshire. He fought the French under +Count Lalley, and took from them Ponticherry and +Chandanagore. He defeated the Nabob of Bengal, Surajah +Dowlah, who put 146 English prisoners into the Black Hole of +Calcutta—twenty feet square—and after the battle of +Plassey he secured for England the Empire of India. Lord <a +name="page47"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 47</span>Clive was +called by the Hindoos “The Daring in War.” He +was impeached for using his position to enrich himself, but +acquitted, and committed suicide.</p> +<h2>OLIVER GOLDSMITH.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1728.—Died +1774.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>Born at Pallas, near Longford, in Ireland. He wrote by +turns prose, poetry, and plays. His poems of <i>The +Deserted Village</i> and <i>The Traveller</i>, and his tale of +the <i>Vicar of Wakefield</i>, are almost equally famous.</p> +<h2>DAVID HUME.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1711.—Died +1776.—Anne.—George I.—George II.—George +III.</p> +<p>Wrote the History of England and Essays. His writings +are sadly tinged with unbelief and bitterness. He was born +and died in Edinburgh.</p> +<h2>WILLIAM PITT,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1708.—Died +1778.—Anne.—George I.—George II.—George +III.</p> +<p>Lord Chatham. This great statesman, the son of Mr. +Robert Pitt of Boconnoc, <a name="page48"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 48</span>in Cornwall, during a most successful +administration, raised the dignity of England to a high +standard. His eloquence as a debater was extraordinary, and +when he burst forth in indignant invective, scarcely any +adversary could stand against him. He was seized with his +last illness (apoplexy) in the House of Lords, and died soon +afterwards.</p> +<h2>CAPTAIN JAMES COOK.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1728.—Died +1779.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>This great navigator, born at Marton, in Yorkshire, made many +useful geographical discoveries. He sailed three times +round the world, and was at last killed in one of the Sandwich +Islands.</p> +<h2>DAVID GARRICK,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1716.—Died +1779.—George I.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>Was born at Hereford. He is generally considered to have +been altogether the most famous actor ever known on the English +stage. He <a name="page49"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +49</span>was also a good writer of light literature: he died in +London.</p> +<h2>SIR WILLIAM BLACKSTONE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1723.—Died +1780.—George I.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>This eminent lawyer is best known by his <i>Commentaries</i> +and <i>Analysis of the Laws of England</i>, in which the +information is conveyed in very clear and beautiful English: he +was born in London.</p> +<h2>DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1709.—Died +1784.—Anne.—George I.—George II.—George +III.</p> +<p>The son of a bookseller at Lichfield, was a man of immense +learning and capacity. His <i>English Dictionary</i>, +<i>Essays</i>, <i>Rambler</i>, <i>Idler</i>, <i>Rasselas</i>, and +<i>Tour to the Hebrides</i>, show his great range of knowledge +and powers of mind. His life has been admirably written by +his friend James Boswell.</p> +<h2>CHARLES EDWARD STUART.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1720.—Died +1788.—George I.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>This Second Pretender to the British <a +name="page50"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 50</span>crown was the +grandson of James II. of England. He embarked in the +<i>Dentelle</i> from the Loire month, and landed in +Invernesshire, near Moidart, and soon raised 1,600 men. He +entered Perth, Linlithgo, and took up his abode in Holyrood +Palace. The Highlanders’ charge at Prestonpans +chiefly won the engagement there, and a second at Falkirk; but at +Culloden the unfortunate Pretender was obliged to see that any +attempt to disturb the English throne was a vain bubble. +The Duke of Cumberland, known as the Butcher, committed atrocious +cruelties after the battle. Charles Edward was once saved +by Flora Macdonald, and again by hiding in a cave on Mount +Benalder. At length a French privateer came off the +Scottish coast, and after many hairbreadth escapes, he reached +France in safety. Lords Kilmarnock, Balmerino, and Lovat +were executed for their share in this rebellion of +’45. He died at Rome in 1788.</p> +<h2><a name="page51"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 51</span>THOMAS +GAINSBOROUGH.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1727.—Died +1788.—George I.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>This famous painter was for a long time self-taught, and his +genius was first made known by his painting the head of a thief, +who was looking over the wall of the garden in which the boy was +painting by stealth. The head was so strikingly like, that +the man was convicted upon it.</p> +<h2>JOHN WESLEY,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1703.—Died +1791.—Anne.—George I.—George II.—George +III.</p> +<p>The founder of Methodism, was born at Epworth, +Lincolnshire. He was a missionary for three years in North +America among the Red Indians. In his day the English +Church was characterized by a great want of vigour and +discipline, and Wesley and his disciples did a great work in +rousing the zeal of the Church, from which he had no intention of +separating, and stirring up a spirit of labour and good +works. Wesley was <a name="page52"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 52</span>a preacher of great eloquence, with +an aptness of illustration which was very attractive to the +classes to whom he chiefly addressed himself.</p> +<h2>SIR RICHARD ARKWRIGHT.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1732.—Died +1792.—George II—George III.</p> +<p>A manufacturer, originally a hairdresser at Bolton, in +Lancashire, was the inventor of the spinning jenny: he had large +mills at Cromford, near Derby, was knighted in 1786, and died +possessed of great wealth.</p> +<h2>ADMIRAL LORD RODNEY.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1718.—Died +1792.—George I.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>This famous admiral was born at Walton-on-Thames. He +gained a great victory over the French under Comte de Grasse, +which won for the admiral his peerage. He fought a great +battle off Cape St. Vincent, and captured four Spanish +ships. After winning the battle he went on to relieve +Gibraltar.</p> +<h2><a name="page53"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 53</span>SIR +JOSHUA REYNOLDS.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1723.—Died +1792.—George I.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>This great painter was most celebrated for his portraits, +especially his exquisite pictures of children. He also +painted historical subjects, and published his discoveries on +painting, which were the substance of his lectures before the +Royal Academy. Sir Joshua was a Fellow of the Royal and +Antiquarian Institutions. He was born at Plympton, in +Devonshire.</p> +<h2>EDWARD GIBBON.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1737.—Died +1794.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>A celebrated historian, whose chief work was the <i>Decline +and Fall of the Roman Empire</i>, a standard and classical work; +the only fault in which is that it contains an attack on the +Christian religion. It was written chiefly at Lausanne, in +Switzerland, where he often stayed.</p> +<h2>JOSIAH WEDGWOOD.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1730.—Died +1795.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>Born at Burslem, in Staffordshire, <a name="page54"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 54</span>the son of a potter. Wedgwood +had the merit of instituting an entirely new era in the +manufacture of English pottery. By intelligent observation, +the study of chemical appliances, and unwearied industry, he +worked a complete revolution in the making, glazing, and painting +of earthenware and china. His pottery-works in +Staffordshire, ‘Etruria,’ became celebrated all over +the world, and he earned for himself and his family great wealth +as well as distinction. His delicate manufacture of +embossing white figures on a coloured ground, called +‘<i>Wedgwood ware</i>,’ is well known and much +prized. He first gave the impetus to the Staffordshire and +other potteries which has enabled England to rival the first +china manufactories in the world.</p> +<h2>EDMUND BURKE,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1728.—Died +1797.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>Born in Dublin, was one of the most <a name="page55"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 55</span>distinguished parliamentary orators +ever known. He was in opposition during the Grafton +Ministry (1769), but was afterwards drawn to Fox by the debates +on the taxation of the American colonies, especially on tea, +against which Burke made a famous speech (1771). He also +supported Fox with all the splendour of his oratory under the +Duke of Portland (1783). The grandest of all his speeches +was said to be that against Warren Hastings, in whose impeachment +he took a great part. He also spoke in the strongest way +against the French Revolution, and by so doing separated himself +from Fox (1791). Burke died in 1797. His writings are +voluminous; the best known are his <i>Reflections upon the French +Revolution</i> and his <i>Discourse on the Sublime and +Beautiful</i>. He lived (when in the country), died, and +was buried at Beaconsfield, in Buckinghamshire, where +“Burke’s Grove” is well known.</p> +<h2><a name="page56"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +56</span>WILLIAM COWPER.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1731.—Died +1800.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>A poet, born at Berkhampstead, whose writings are full of the +best and highest teaching. He is best known by <i>The +Task</i>, <i>The Castaway</i>, and <i>Table Talk</i>; but his +smaller poems, <i>On My Mother’s Picture</i>, <i>The Three +Hares</i>, <i>John Gilpin</i>, etc., more fully show his +sensibility, general kindness, and playful wit. He also +translated the <i>Iliad</i>. Cowper’s blameless and +useful life was darkened by fits of despondency and depression, +which in the end nearly destroyed his mind; but the light of +religion never failed him.</p> +<h2>SIR RALPH ABERCROMBIE</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1738.—Died +1801.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>This brave General was engaged against Napoleon I. in Holland +and Egypt, and always maintained the fame of English arms. +He won two battles at Aboukir, in Egypt, the last of which cost +him his life. <a name="page57"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +57</span>He fought on, though desperately wounded, till the +battle was over.</p> +<h2>LORD CORNWALLIS.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1738.—Died +1805.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>A soldier who first served under the Marquis of Granby in the +Seven Years’ War in Germany. On the breaking out of +the American war he was sent there, and at first was very +successful, but in 1781 was obliged to surrender at York Town to +the United American and French armies. In 1786 he was sent +to India, where he took Bangalore and defeated Tippoo Sahib; on +returning to England he was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and +was instrumental in carrying out the Union of England and +Ireland. He died of fever in India, whither he was sent as +Governor General, on his way to join the army at Ghazepore.</p> +<h2>HORATIO, LORD NELSON.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1758.—Died +1805.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>This most famous of all the English admirals was the son of +the rector <a name="page58"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +58</span>of Burnham Thorpe, in Norfolk, where he was born, and +went to sea first as a midshipman in the <i>Raisonable</i>, 64 +guns, then in a West Indiaman. He afterwards returned to +the Royal Navy, and saw service in the Arctic Ocean, the West +Indies, and South America. He was a Commodore at the battle +of St. Vincent, when he first boarded the <i>San Nicholas</i>, +jumping through the cabin window, and then sprang on to the +<i>San Joseph</i>, crying, “Victory or Westminster +Abbey!” In 1798 Nelson fought the battle of Aboukir +near Alexandria, in Egypt. The French admiral’s ship, +<i>L’Orient</i>, blew up, and only two French ships +escaped. Nelson was immediately created ‘Lord Nelson +of the Nile.’ In 1805 he hoisted his flag on board +the <i>Victory</i>, and fought the battle of Trafalgar, between +Cadiz and Gibraltar. When grappled to the +<i>Redoutable</i>, whose rigging was full of sharpshooters, a +shot was fired through Nelson’s shoulder and spine, <a +name="page59"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 59</span>and he died +three hours afterwards, cheered by the news that the French were +totally defeated.</p> +<h2>WILLIAM PITT,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1752.—Died +1806.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>The second son of Lord Chatham, born at Hayes, in Kent, was a +greater statesman even than his father. At the age of +twenty-three he became Chancellor of the Exchequer, and was Prime +Minister almost till his death. His eloquence was brilliant +and startling, and in spite of opposition sneers, and the +ridicule which nicknamed him “the ambitious young +man,” and of being often in a minority, the support of the +king (George III.) and of the country, who enthusiastically +seconded his opposition to Napoleon Buonaparte and the First +Empire, steadily maintained him in power, and he held his ground +against Fox and the Coalition ministries. War was declared +with France, against all that Fox, Sheridan, and Grey could +advance. <a name="page60"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +60</span>The battle of Trafalgar raised his hopes of peace, which +the news of Austerlitz quenched; and being worn out with gout, +toil, and anxieties, the great minister, as has been well said, +“died of old age at forty-six,” after nineteen years +of public service. He was so thoroughly beloved that the +nation voted him a magnificent funeral, burial in Westminster +Abbey, and £40,000 to pay his debts.</p> +<h2>CHARLES JAMES FOX.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1749.—Died +1806.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>This great orator and statesman, the third son of the first +Lord Holland, belonged to the opposite party in politics to Pitt, +and they were continually at war throughout their public +career,—Pitt representing the Tory, Fox the Whig +party. Fox made his first speech in Parliament against John +Wilkes, who at that time was always stirring up sedition and +spreading his infidel opinions. The Fox and North +coalitions broke up on an <a name="page61"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 61</span>Indian Bill, and the one hundred and +sixty supporters of Fox who lost their seats in the election that +followed, were known as “Fox’s Martyrs.” +Fox estranged Burke from him by his opposing the war with France, +and thus tacitly supporting the French Revolution. After +the death of Pitt, Fox again came into power under Lord +Grenville, and his last acts were striving to put an end to +slavery in the British dependencies, and bringing about peace +with France. He was attacked with dropsy about seven months +after the death of Pitt, at whose funeral he had spoken a noble +eulogium on his great public rival.</p> +<h2>MUNGO PARK.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1771.—Died +1806.—George III.</p> +<p>Born near Selkirk, was the first modern traveller who +penetrated into the heart of Africa. He went down the +Niger, and after passing through a great variety of adventures +and hardships, he was killed near Boussa.</p> +<h2><a name="page62"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 62</span>SIR +JOHN MOORE,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1761.—Died +1809.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>The son of a Dr. Moore, born at Glasgow, became a brave +general. He was at the taking of St. Lucia with +Abercrombie, was employed in the Irish rising, and fought in +Egypt and Holland. While commanding an English army in +Spain during the Peninsular war, he made his famous retreat on +and was killed at Corunna.</p> +<h2>RICHARD BRINSLEY SHERIDAN.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1751.—Died +1816.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>An Irishman, born in Dublin, whose wit, oratory, and +parliamentary eloquence won him a dazzling reputation. He +was the personal friend of Fox, and the companion of George IV. +as Prince of Wales, but was always in debt and many +difficulties. He was also celebrated as a dramatist, and +wrote the comedies of <i>The Rivals</i>, <i>The School for +Scandal</i>, the <i>Duenna</i>, and a play called +<i>Pizarro</i>. But he is chiefly known by what are called +his <a name="page63"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 63</span><i>bon +mots</i>, or witty sayings, which are unrivalled. He died +in London in extreme want.</p> +<h2>WARREN HASTINGS.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1732.—Died +1818.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>This remarkable man, born in Worcestershire, went to India at +seventeen, and after filling several important posts was made +Governor General of India in 1773. His administration was +famous for the submission of the formidable enemies of England, +Hyder Ali and Tippoo Sahib; but his cruelties to the Begums +(princesses) of Oude and in the Rohilla war were the subject of +his impeachment and trial before the House of Lords in +Westminster Hall. Sheridan pleaded the cause of the Begums +in what has been reckoned the finest speech ever heard in modern +times. Warren Hastings was acquitted, but he was a ruined +man until the East India Company nobly pensioned him for life +with £4,000 a-year, paid his <a name="page64"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 64</span>debts, arid lent him £50,000 +without interest. He died in retirement at the age of +eighty-six.</p> +<h2>JAMES WATT.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1736.—Died +1819.—George II.—George III.</p> +<p>This celebrated mechanic and natural philosopher began life as +a mathematical instrument maker, but having his attention very +early called to the nature and power of steam, he directed all +his energies to improvements in steam engines, and made important +experiments and discoveries. He was buried in Westminster +Abbey.</p> +<h2>JOHN KEATS.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1796.—Died +1820.—George III.</p> +<p>A poet who, if he had lived a little later, would have been +admired, praised, and had a school of imitators. As it was +his sensibilities were so wounded by the severe criticisms made +upon his poems that he fell into ill-health and died. His +<i>Endymion</i> is the poem by which he is <a +name="page65"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 65</span>best known, +but his volume shows that he had the merit of being beforehand +with the “Lake School” in freeing English poetry from +artificial trammels and opening for it a wider and more natural +spirit. He was a native of London.</p> +<h2>SIR WILLIAM HERSCHEL.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1738.—Died +1822.—George II.—George III.—George IV.</p> +<p>This great astronomer discovered a new planet, which he called +<i>Georgium Sidus</i>, but which is now called +<i>Herschel</i>. He erected an enormous telescope at +Slough. His son, Sir John Herschel, continued his +discoveries, and became one of the greatest astronomers yet +known.</p> +<h2>PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1792.—Died +1822.—George III.—George IV.</p> +<p>A poet of the most extraordinary genius and imagination, was +born in Sussex. Some of his writings are unfortunately +tinged with infidelity and false beliefs. His translations +<a name="page66"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 66</span>from the +Greek and longer poems are very beautiful, especially the +<i>Prometheus Unbound</i>. Shelley was drowned in the Bay +of Spezzia in Italy.</p> +<h2>DR. JENNER.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1749.—Died +1823.—George II.—George III.—George IV.</p> +<p>An English physician, celebrated as the discoverer of +vaccination as a preventive of small-pox. Born at Berkeley, +in Gloucestershire, he was educated at Cirencester school, and +was for several years a pupil of the celebrated John +Hunter. He was rewarded with several pensions as a +recompense for his discoveries and disinterested labours.</p> +<h2>JOHN KEMBLE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1757.—Died +1823.—George II.—George III.—George IV.</p> +<p>The greatest of a family of actors—John Philip, Stephen, +Charles, and Mrs. Siddons,—whose father was proprietor of a +provincial theatre. Kemble’s fine figure and splendid +face were <a name="page67"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +67</span>of great service in his personation of such characters +as Coriolanus, Brutus, and Julius Cæsar; Hamlet was one of +his favourite parts, which particularly suited his somewhat sad +and severe features. The Kemble family raised the English +stage to a perfection and dignity it has never since +attained.</p> +<h2>GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1788.—Died +1824.—George III.—George IV.</p> +<p>A poet, whose magnificent and musical language and passionate +power conceal the want of principle and poverty of heart of most +of his poems. <i>Childe Harold</i> is the most celebrated +of his works, <i>The Prisoner of Chillon</i> and <i>The Bride of +Abydos</i>, the best in aim. Lord Byron’s life was a +bad one. He died at Missolonghi, in Greece.</p> +<h2>MRS. BARBAULD.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">B. 1743—D. 1825.—George +II.—George III.—George IV.</p> +<p>Anna Letitia Aikin, daughter of Dr. Aikin, a writer and +literary man. <a name="page68"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +68</span>Mrs. Barbauld was the first writer of really appropriate +stories for very young children, and her <i>Children’s +Hymns in Prose</i> will probably be known as long as the English +language lasts.</p> +<h2>JOHN FLAXMAN.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1755.—Died +1826.—George III.—George IV.</p> +<p>An eminent sculptor. He represented in marble the +tragedies of Æschylus, Homer, and Dante. He executed +two celebrated works,—“The Fury of Athamas,” +and the “Cephalus and Aurora,”—and is well +known by his monuments, one of the finest of which is that to +Lord Mansfield, in Westminster Abbey.</p> +<h2>SIR HUMPHREY DAVY.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1778.—Died +1829.—George III.—George IV.</p> +<p>A celebrated natural philosopher, chiefly noted for his +discoveries in chemistry and galvanism. He was the inventor +of the safety-lamp for use in mines. His lectures at the +Royal Institution were models of the <a name="page69"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 69</span>narrative of scientific enquiry, and +his general reading and information were extraordinary.</p> +<h2>SIR THOMAS LAWRENCE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1769.—Died +1830.—George III.—George IV.</p> +<p>A well-known portrait painter, and President of the Royal +Academy. He drew good likenesses in pencil and ink at five +years old, and received a prize from the Society of Arts at +thirteen for a copy in chalk of Raphael’s +Transfiguration. His portraits in the Waterloo Gallery at +Windsor are very celebrated. He painted exquisite pictures +of children.</p> +<h2>GEORGE CRABBE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1754.—Died +1832.—George III.—George IV.</p> +<p>A poet, born at Aldborough, in Suffolk, who perhaps first +opened men’s eyes in England to the poetry of common +things. His tales in verse are admirable pictures of +everyday life, full of pathos. Crabbe went to London to try +to make his fortune by literature, <a name="page70"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 70</span>but would have perished of want had +it not been for Edmund Burke, who generously befriended him in +every possible way.</p> +<h2>SIR WALTER SCOTT.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1771.—Died +1832.—George III.—George IV.—William IV.</p> +<p>One of the most extraordinary literary men on record. He +was born in Edinburgh, and intended for the law, and practised +for a short time in Edinburgh; but his literary genius asserted +itself too strongly to allow of any other pursuit. His +<i>Border Minstrelsy</i> was succeeded by longer poems—the +<i>Lay of the Last Minstrel</i>, the <i>Lady of the Lake</i>, +<i>Lord of the Isles</i>, <i>Marmion</i>, and others; and these +again by a succession of novels, all differing in their rich +abundance of character and incident, and all possessing a charm +which few other works of fiction can even now present. He +bought a property called Abbotsford, on the Tweed, and having +fallen into difficulties through <a name="page71"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 71</span>the failure of one of his publishers, +he ruined his health by excessive work to pay his debts. +Scott is often called, from the enchantment of his genius, +“The Wizard of the North.”</p> +<h2>WILLIAM WILBERFORCE,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1759.—Died +1833.—George III.—George IV.—William IV.</p> +<p>Was a native of Hull. After many years’ active +labour to obtain the emancipation of slaves in the English +dependencies, in which his chief coadjutors were Clarkson, +Granville Sharpe, and Lord Brougham, Wilberforce lived to see the +Act of Emancipation passed under William IV.</p> +<h2>HANNAH MORE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1745.—Died +1833.—George II.—George III.—George +IV.—William IV.</p> +<p>This excellent and remarkable woman, born at Stapleton, near +Bristol, who lived through four English reigns, was a well-known +moral writer. In her early life she was distinguished for +her brilliant social <a name="page72"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 72</span>qualities, and was well known in the +circles which Johnson, Burke, Reynolds, and Garrick +frequented. Afterwards she withdrew from the world and +devoted her time to active good works and writing. Her +tracts on many useful subjects have been much read.</p> +<h2>SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1772.—Died +1834.—George III.—George IV.—William IV.</p> +<p>A native of Devonshire. This original and profound +thinker was a moral philosopher, a most eloquent writer, and a +poet. He was also remarkable for his singular +conversational powers. His translation of Schiller’s +<i>Wallenstein</i>, his <i>Ancient Mariner</i>, <i>Remorse</i>, +<i>Christabel</i>, etc., and his essays called <i>The Friend</i>, +stamp him as a true poet and philosopher.</p> +<h2>SIR DAVID WILKIE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1785.—Died +1841.—George III.—George IV.—William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>A powerful and careful painter of <a name="page73"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 73</span>common subjects, was born near Cupar, +in Fifeshire. The <i>Blind Fiddler</i> first established +his reputation. His portraits in the National Gallery at +Edinburgh are well worth seeing.</p> +<h2>SIR FRANCIS CHANTREY.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1781.—Died +1841.—George III.—George IV.—William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>An eminent sculptor, born near Sheffield, well known for his +busts and memorial figures. His monument of the Sleeping +Children with the broken snow-drops in Lichfield Cathedral, his +figure of Watt in Westminster Abbey, and his bust of Scott, are +perhaps some of the best and most remembered of his works.</p> +<h2>ROBERT SOUTHEY.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1774.—Died +1843.—George III.—George IV.—William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>Poet Laureate, born at Bristol. His numerous works +embrace many varieties of literature. In poetry the +<i>Curse of Kehama</i>, <i>Thalaba</i>, and <i>Vision of Don +Roderick</i>; in prose <a name="page74"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 74</span>his <i>History of Brazil</i>, <i>The +Doctor</i>, and the <i>Life of Nelson</i>, show his great +learning and research, power of language, and variety of +attainments.</p> +<h2>THOMAS CAMPBELL.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1777.—Died +1844.—George II.—George III.—William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>A poet and essayist. The <i>Pleasures of Hope</i>, +<i>Gertrude of Wyoming</i>, <i>Exile of Erin</i>, and <i>Mariners +of England</i>, are universally known and admired.</p> +<h2>MRS. ELIZABETH FRY,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1780.—Died +1845.—George III.—George IV.—William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>Was the third daughter of Mr. John Gurney of Norwich. +She is well known for her life devoted to works of philanthropy, +and chiefly for her memorable labours for the reformation of +female prisoners. Her earliest endeavours were made in +Newgate prison, and the reforms introduced there under her +influence were extended to all the other prisons in the +kingdom. In the pursuit of her <a name="page75"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 75</span>object she visited the chief cities +of Europe, where she met with warm sympathy and +encouragement. Her energies were always at the service of +the sufferers and the wretched of every class.</p> +<h2>DANIEL O’CONNELL.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1775.—Died +1845.—George III.—George IV. William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>This famous Irish political agitator was born in Kerry, and +educated at St. Omer’s, in France. He was called to +the bar in 1798, and elected member for Clare in 1828. In +spite of the continued opposition of George IV., Irish agitation +through O’Connell urged the Government to pass the Catholic +Relief Bill, which was done in 1829, and one of the king’s +last reluctant acts was to sign it. O’Connell +supported the Government in the passing of the Reform Bill, but +came into collision with Earl Grey upon the Irish Coercion Bill +(1837). He foolishly began an “agitation” for +the Repeal of the Union <a name="page76"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 76</span>(1843), and was arrested on a charge +of sedition, found guilty, and condemned to pay a fine of +£2,000 and suffer two years’ imprisonment. The +House of Lords, however, guided by the discernment and firmness +of Lord Lyndhurst, reversed the decision and set O’Connell +free. He went abroad in broken health, and died at Genoa in +1847.</p> +<h2>SIR JOHN FRANKLIN.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1786.—Died +1847.—George III.—George IV.—William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>When Captain Franklin this brave and persevering explorer went +out to discover the north-west passage, and after several +expeditions to the North and Polar seas, he started on a last +Polar voyage, from which he never returned. In 1859 Captain +Maclure went out on the same track, and found that Sir John +Franklin had preceded him by five years in his discoveries, and +been lost in the attempt.</p> +<h2><a name="page77"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 77</span>MARIA +EDGEWORTH.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1767.—Died +1849.—George III.—George IV.—William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>This accomplished woman wrote a number of useful and +educational tales, for which the children of many generations owe +her a debt of gratitude. Her <i>Frank</i>, <i>Rosamond</i>, +<i>Harry and Lucy</i>, <i>Moral</i>, <i>Popular</i>, <i>and +Fashionable Tales</i>, <i>Patronage</i>, <i>Belinda</i>, +<i>Harrington and Ormond</i>, etc., are all written with a +purpose of instruction that is admirably carried out. Her +last and most beautiful story, <i>Helen</i>, shows the wretched +consequences of departing from truth.</p> +<h2>SIR ROBERT PEEL.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1788.—Died +1850.—George III.—George IV.—William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>This celebrated statesman (sprung from the class of artizans) +raised himself to the highest station by his great talents and +their careful and refined cultivation. His love of +literature and general knowledge were considerable, and he was a +most accomplished <a name="page78"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +78</span>leader of the House of Commons. His political life +was marked by the passing of the Roman Catholic Relief and the +Reform Bills, and his administration by the measures passed for +repealing the Corn Laws and General Free Trade. He died +from injuries sustained by a fall from his horse, in London.</p> +<h2>WILLIAM WORDSWORTH.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1770.—Died +1850.—George III.—George IV.—William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>This eminent poet is the chief founder of what is called the +“Lake School” of poetry. Throwing off the +fetters of conventional and “fine” language, and +clothing the reality of thought in the simplest words, +Wordsworth, as a poet, is the greatest moral teacher of modern +times, and no one can make a study of his works without finding +himself the better for it. <i>The Excursion</i>, <i>the +White Doe of Rylstone</i>, <i>The Brothers</i>, and a multitude +of smaller poems, are well known. Wordsworth, Coleridge, +and <a name="page79"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +79</span>Southey were all strict and intimate friends; but the +former outlived most of his early companions, dying at Rydal at +eighty years of age. It is much to be regretted that his +poems are not spread in cheap forms.</p> +<h2>DUKE OF WELLINGTON.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1769.—Died +1852.—George III.—George IV.—William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>Arthur Wellesley, the third son of the Earl of Mornington, +went into the army as an ensign in the 73rd Foot, and became a +very great general and afterwards a statesman. He went to +India in 1797, where his wonderful military career may be said to +have begun. From India he passed to the command of the +English armies in the Peninsular war against Buonaparte, where he +steadily overcame the best French generals, and at Waterloo broke +the whole strength of France, and obliged Buonaparte to surrender +to the allies. The Duke of Wellington was a man of the +loftiest character as a commander and statesman, with <a +name="page80"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 80</span>no thought of +himself, or love of praise or gain. He lived in an +unassuming way, with great simplicity, and died at Walmer Castle +in 1852.</p> +<h2>THOMAS MOORE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1779.—Died +1852.—George III.—George IV.—William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>An Irish gentleman and poet who spent much of his time with +Lord Byron and the literary men of his time. He wrote +several satirical poems, but is best known by his <i>Lalla +Rookh</i>, and the <i>Irish and National Melodies</i>.</p> +<h2>SAMUEL ROGERS.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1763.—Died +1855.—George III.—George IV.—William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>A poet, whose reputation was perhaps greater than his +works. His <i>Pleasures of Memory</i> and <i>Italy</i> are +those chiefly known, but he wrote a variety of smaller poems of +great beauty and finish. His knowledge of literature and +conversational powers were extraordinary.</p> +<h2><a name="page81"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 81</span>ROBERT +STEPHENSON.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1803.—Died +1859.—George III.—George IV.—William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>The son of George Stephenson, the great engineer and mechanic, +who was one of the most extraordinary instances on record of the +benefits of self-education and “self-help.” He +placed the first locomotive engine on the line between Liverpool +and Manchester in 1814. Robert Stephenson succeeded his +father in all his works, and carried out several gigantic +undertakings, especially the tubular bridge over the Menai +Straits and the Victoria bridge over the river St. Lawrence in +Canada. He was employed in making railways throughout +Europe, and in America, Canada, Egypt, and India.</p> +<h2>SIR ISAMBARD KINGDOM BRUNEL.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1806.—Died +1859.—George III.—George IV.—William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>The son of Sir Mark Isambard Brunel, the engineer of the +Thames Tunnel. Sir Isambard, the son, first laid down the +broad gauge system of railways, <a name="page82"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 82</span>and also built the <i>Great +Eastern</i> steamship. His railway bridges were planned +with extraordinary boldness, and that at Saltash, in Devonshire, +is well known.</p> +<h2>WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1811.—Died +1863.—George III.—George IV.—William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>This celebrated writer was a Charterhouse boy. His +career began by his lectures upon the English Humorists and the +Four Georges (the kings of that name), upon whom he discanted in +terms of the most pungent and biting satire. His novels, +<i>Esmond</i>, <i>The Newcomes</i>, <i>Vanity Fair</i>, <i>The +Virginians</i>, have become English classics. +Thackeray’s knowledge of life and character was wonderful, +but he indulged in too bitter and censorious views of +society.</p> +<h2>VISCOUNT PALMERSTON,</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1784.—Died +1865.—George III.—George IV.—William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>Henry John Temple. This eminent politician sat in +Parliament at an <a name="page83"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +83</span>early age, and spent his entire life in various +ministerial offices, ending with the highest. Through many +changes of ministry he was Secretary of War for twenty years, and +then became Home Secretary, Foreign Secretary, and Prime +Minister. His firmness, tact, and consummate knowledge of +men and foreign affairs maintained the reputation of England on +the Continent as it has never since been upheld. Lord +Palmerston was not only respected as English Premier, but was +also one of the most popular ministers ever known.</p> +<h2>JOHN KEBLE.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1792—Died +1866.—George III.—George IV.—William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>The son of a clergyman, and was born on St. Mark’s day +at Fairford, in Gloucestershire, where he wrote his beautiful +collection of sacred poems for all the Sundays and Feasts of the +year, called the <i>Christian Year</i>, by which his name will +always be known and honoured. Keble College <a +name="page84"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 84</span>in Oxford was +built as a memorial of him, and an acknowledgment of his +teaching.</p> +<h2>CHARLES DICKENS.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center">Born 1812.—Died +1870.—George III.—George IV.—William +IV.—Victoria.</p> +<p>This fertile and most popular novelist was educated for the +law, and then became a reporter to the <i>Morning Chronicle</i> +newspaper, in which he published a series of sketches, now known +as <i>Sketches by Boz</i>. The <i>Pickwick Papers</i> came +next, and these were succeeded by <i>Nicholas Nickleby</i>, +<i>Oliver Twist</i>, <i>The Old Curiosity Shop</i>, <i>Barnaby +Budge</i>, and a number of other fictions, in which vice is +always painted in its true colours, and the advantage of +truthfulness, straightforward dealing, and kindliness brought out +in strong and clear characters. He died at the age of +fifty-eight, and was privately buried in Westminster Abbey in +1870.</p> +<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIOGRAPHICAL OUTLINES***</p> +<pre> + + +***** This file should be named 42120-h.htm or 42120-h.zip****** + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/2/1/2/42120 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. 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