diff options
| author | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-03-08 04:42:29 -0800 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-03-08 04:42:29 -0800 |
| commit | fd4045c238049051a4081eb62783383181f3e550 (patch) | |
| tree | da894f46f7c34f930f0461be1bc2087d470f1730 /42090-h | |
| parent | 873b0e46805d8d6cfd5684e2a261da6463b4bd1c (diff) | |
Diffstat (limited to '42090-h')
| -rw-r--r-- | 42090-h/42090-h.htm | 578 |
1 files changed, 81 insertions, 497 deletions
diff --git a/42090-h/42090-h.htm b/42090-h/42090-h.htm index 580d642..9d4e643 100644 --- a/42090-h/42090-h.htm +++ b/42090-h/42090-h.htm @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> Early_Western_Travels 1748-1846, Volume XXVII, by Reuben Gold Thwaites--A Project Gutenberg eBook. @@ -198,46 +198,7 @@ div.fn { </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -Project Gutenberg's Early Western Travels 1748-1846, v. 27, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Early Western Travels 1748-1846, v. 27 - -Author: Various - -Editor: Reuben Gold Thwaites - -Release Date: February 13, 2013 [EBook #42090] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EARLY WESTERN TRAVELS *** - - - - -Produced by Douglas L. Alley, III, Greg Bergquist and the -Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net -(This file was produced from images generously made -available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - - -</pre> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42090 ***</div> <hr class="chap" /> @@ -535,7 +496,7 @@ Contrast—"City of the Pilgrims"—The Scenes of a Century—Lane-like Streets—Old Customs—"The Parallel ceases"—The same Fact with the Spaniards—The Cause—The French Villagers—The Inn-gallery—A civil Landlord—The -<i>Table d'Hôte</i>—A Moonlight Ramble—The old +<i>Table d'Hôte</i>—A Moonlight Ramble—The old Church—The Courthouse—The fresh Laugh—The Piano—The Brunettes</td> <td class="c3"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td> @@ -569,7 +530,7 @@ of La Salle—Retributive Justice—Fate of Marquette—Decease and Burial—Canadian Colonies—Their Design—Mining Expeditions—M. de Seur—Disappointment—<i>Couriers du bois</i>—<i>Petits Paysans</i>—Merry Mortals—Origin -of Kaskaskia—Name—Depôt of Fur-trade—De Soto and +of Kaskaskia—Name—Depôt of Fur-trade—De Soto and the Tradition—His Death and Burial—Original Extent of Kaskaskia—The "Common Field"—The Grant—Policy of French and Spanish Governments—"Common Fields" and @@ -1224,7 +1185,7 @@ pervade the inn at Kaskaskia in all its departments, few could have failed to be pleased. For myself, I was also<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> surprised. Everything about the establishment was in the French style, and here was spread the handsomest -<i>table d'hôte</i> it has been my fortune to witness in Illinois.</p> +<i>table d'hôte</i> it has been my fortune to witness in Illinois.</p> <p>The moon was pouring gloriously down in misty mellowness upon the low-roofed tenements of this antiquated @@ -1270,14 +1231,14 @@ slumber.</p> <h2><a name="XXXV" id="XXXV">XXXV</a></h2> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">"Glanced many a light caïque along the foam,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">"Glanced many a light caïque along the foam,<br /></span> <span class="i1">Danced on the shore the daughters of the land."<br /></span> <span class="i36"><span class="smcap">Byron.</span><br /></span> </div></div> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> <span class="i0">"How changed the scene since merry Jean Baptiste<br /></span> -<span class="i3">Paddled his pirouge on La Belle Rivière,<br /></span> +<span class="i3">Paddled his pirouge on La Belle Rivière,<br /></span> <span class="i1">And from its banks some lone Loyola priest<br /></span> <span class="i3">Echoed the night song of the voyageur."<br /></span> </div></div> @@ -1519,7 +1480,7 @@ blithest mortals on the face of the earth. It was by men such as these that the village of Kaskaskia, in old French chronicles styled "<i>Notre dame de Cascasquias</i>," originating in the name and residence of an Indian tribe, first was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span> -settled; and in a few years it had become an extensive depôt +settled; and in a few years it had become an extensive depôt for the trade in furs. It was probably by the same Indian tribe which originally possessed the site of Kaskaskia that a party of the unfortunate expedition of Ferdinand de Soto, @@ -1761,7 +1722,7 @@ which distinguishes the Parisian, these men are yet Frenchmen in more respects than mere origin. In their ordinary deportment we view, indeed, rather the calm gravity, the saturnine severity of the Spaniard; and yet -in their <i>fêtes</i> and amusements, which were formerly far +in their <i>fêtes</i> and amusements, which were formerly far more frequent than at present, they exhibit all the gayety of the native of La Belle France. The calm, quiet tenour of their lives presenting but few objects for enterprise,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span> @@ -1847,7 +1808,7 @@ the mass of the population are agriculturists, while many of the young and enterprising men embrace with pride, as offering a broad field for generous emulation, the occupations of boatmen, traders to the Rocky Mountains—in -the vicinity of which most of their lives are passed—<i>engagés</i> +the vicinity of which most of their lives are passed—<i>engagés</i> of the American Fur Company, or hunters and trappers upon the prairies. The bold recklessness of this class has long been notorious.</p> @@ -1950,7 +1911,7 @@ propinquity, or friendship: distinction of rank or wealth was little known, and individuals of every class were dressed alike, and met upon equal and familiar footing in the same ballroom. It is needless to say, that now "<i>Nous avons -changé tout cela.</i>"<a name="FNanchor_35_35" id="FNanchor_35_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_35_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a></p> +changé tout cela.</i>"<a name="FNanchor_35_35" id="FNanchor_35_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_35_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a></p> <p>As to the poorer class of these villagers, it is more than doubtful whether they have <i>at all</i> been benefited by the @@ -1977,11 +1938,11 @@ labourers, or workmen of any kind, it is not difficult for foreigners to surpass them. In a few years the steamer will have driven the keel-boat from the Western waters, and with it the <i>voyageur</i>, the <i>patron</i>, and the <i>courier du -bois</i>; but the occupation of the hunter, trapper, and <i>engagé</i>, +bois</i>; but the occupation of the hunter, trapper, and <i>engagé</i>, in which the French villager can never be excelled, must continue so long as the American Fur Company find it profitable to deal in buffalo robes, or enterprising men -think proper to go to Santa Fé for gold dust. Nor will +think proper to go to Santa Fé for gold dust. Nor will the farmer, however lazy, lose the reward of his labour so long as the market of St. Louis is as little <i>over</i>stocked as at present. Nathless, it is pretty certain "<i>times ain't @@ -3254,7 +3215,7 @@ stone coffin much as the subject for scientific dissection occupies a beef-barrel. In this manner may we satisfactorily account for the ancient "pigmy cemetery" near the town of Fenton, on the Merrimack in Missouri, as -well as that on the <i>Rivière des Pères</i>, in the same vicinity, +well as that on the <i>Rivière des Pères</i>, in the same vicinity, already referred to, and those reported to exist in various other sections of the West, in which, owing to the dampness of the soil, the remains have been long resolved to @@ -3481,7 +3442,7 @@ at one hundred and thirty feet above the present ordinary water-mark. For more than an hundred miles before reaching this point, the Mississippi now rolls through a broad, deep valley, bounded by an escarpment of cliffs -upon either side; and, wherever these present a bold façade +upon either side; and, wherever these present a bold façade to the stream, they are grooved, as at the <i>cornice-rocks</i>, by a series of parallel lines, distinctly traced and strikingly uniform. As the river descends, these water-grooves gradually @@ -3536,7 +3497,7 @@ stratum for twenty miles around lies completely broken up. At the point in the range of bluffs where this confusion is observed to cease, the mural cliff rises abruptly to the altitude of several hundred feet, exhibiting along -the façade of its summit deep water-lines and other evidence +the façade of its summit deep water-lines and other evidence of having once constituted the boundary of a lake. At the base issues a large spring of fresh water, remarkable for a regular ebb and flow, like the tides of the ocean, @@ -3602,7 +3563,7 @@ of the present surface of the earth is derived from the remains of animals that constituted the population of ancient seas. Many extensive plains and massive mountains form, as it were, the great charnel-houses of preceding -generations, in which the petrified exuviæ <span class="opage">224</span> +generations, in which the petrified exuviæ <span class="opage">224</span> of extinct races of animals and vegetables are piled into stupendous monuments of the operations of life and death during almost immeasurable periods of past time." @@ -3612,7 +3573,7 @@ almost the entire soil on which we tread, it is difficult to restrain the imagination from hazarding some conjectures as to the cause by which such great effects have been produced." The deeper we descend into the strata of -the earth, the higher do we ascend into the archæological +the earth, the higher do we ascend into the archæological history of past ages of creation. We find successive stages marked by varying forms of animal and vegetable life, and these generally differ more and more widely from @@ -3711,7 +3672,7 @@ the French, than hostilities commenced.</p> <p>For many years Cahokia, like old Kaskaskia, was the gathering-spot of a nomadic race of trappers, hunters, -miners, voyageurs, engagés, <i>couriers du bois</i>, and adventurers, +miners, voyageurs, engagés, <i>couriers du bois</i>, and adventurers, carrying on an extensive and valuable fur-trade with the Indian tribes of the Upper Mississippi. This traffic has long since been transferred to St. Louis, and @@ -3989,7 +3950,7 @@ reader.</p> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> <span class="i0">Dies venit, dies tua<br /></span> <span class="i0">In qua reflorent omnia,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Lætemur et nos in viam,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Lætemur et nos in viam,<br /></span> <span class="i0">Tua reducti dex-tera.<br /></span> </div></div> @@ -6897,7 +6858,7 @@ maxim, "that it was best to have no religion, or else to adopt that of the country in which we live;" and wishing to display his great Bible erudition, he in proof of his paradox, cited as a text of St. Paul the ancient proverb: -<i>Si fueris Romæ, Romano vivite more</i>. The minister was +<i>Si fueris Romæ, Romano vivite more</i>. The minister was of the same opinion, but yet he wished some religion, it being well understood that his was the best. I say <i>his</i>, because he was neither <i>a</i> Methodist, <i>a</i> Protestant, nor <i>a</i> @@ -8577,7 +8538,7 @@ the conduct of our converts.</p> <p>1. <i>With regard to God.</i>—Simple, firm, and lively faith with respect to all the truths of religion, and chiefly such as are to be believed as Theologians express it, <i>necessitate -medii et necessitate præcepti</i>. Profound respect for +medii et necessitate præcepti</i>. Profound respect for the only true religion; perfect submission to the church of God, in all that regards faith and morality, discipline, &c. Tender and solid piety towards the Blessed Virgin @@ -10729,7 +10690,7 @@ and is about thirty miles in circumference. It is deep, and abounds in fish, particularly in salmon trout, common trout, carp, and a small, oily fish, very delicious, and tasting like the smelt. The Spokan river rises in the lake, and -crosses the whole plain of the Cœur d'Alènes. The valley<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_366" id="Page_366">[Pg 366]</a></span> +crosses the whole plain of the Cœur d'Alènes. The valley<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_366" id="Page_366">[Pg 366]</a></span> that borders above the lake is from four to five miles wide, exceedingly fertile, and the soil from ten to fifteen feet deep. Every spring, at the melting of the snow, it is @@ -12280,10 +12241,10 @@ volume xix, pp. 44-53, and accompanying notes.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</sp -<p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> Concerning Hennepin's expedition from Crêvecœur to the Falls of St. +<p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> Concerning Hennepin's expedition from Crêvecœur to the Falls of St. Anthony, Flagg is in error. Hennepin was accompanied by two Frenchmen, Michel Accault and Antoine Auguel, and probably went merely as their spiritual companion. His publications were: <i>Description de la Louisiane</i> (Paris, 1683); -<i>Nouvelle Découverte d'un tres grand Pays Situé dans l'Amérique</i> (Utrecht, 1697); +<i>Nouvelle Découverte d'un tres grand Pays Situé dans l'Amérique</i> (Utrecht, 1697); <i>Nouveau Voyage d'un Pais plus grand que l'Europe</i> (Utrecht, 1698). The first was dedicated to Louis XIV, the last two to William III, king of England. For bibliography of Hennepin, see Victor Hugo Paltsits, "Bibliographical Data," in @@ -12333,7 +12294,7 @@ in our volume xiii, pp. 116 and 117, notes 81 and 85 respectively.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> For a recent work on La Salle, consult P. Chesnel, <i>Histoire de Cavelier de -La Salle</i> (Paris, 1901). With the exception of Crêvecœur, Prudhomme, and +La Salle</i> (Paris, 1901). With the exception of Crêvecœur, Prudhomme, and St. Louis, we have no definite proof that La Salle established any other forts in the Mississippi Valley. He erected a monument at the mouth of the Mississippi on April 9, 1682, on taking possession of the country in the name of Louis XIV. @@ -12367,10 +12328,10 @@ year, and after nine years to assume all the expenses of the government. In the meantime the king was to furnish fifty thousand livres annually. Crozat did all in his power to develop the resources of the country; but owing to discord among the subordinate officials, in despair he surrendered the charter to the prince regent -(August 13, 1717). See Charles Gayarré, <i>History of Louisiana</i> (New Orleans, 1903). +(August 13, 1717). See Charles Gayarré, <i>History of Louisiana</i> (New Orleans, 1903). After Crozat's surrender, Louisiana territory was turned over to the Mississippi (or Western) Company, directed by John Law; see <i>post</i>, p. 49, note <a href="#Footnote_28_28">28</a>. Philip -François Renault was made the principal agent for a French company, whose +François Renault was made the principal agent for a French company, whose purpose was the development of the mines of the territory. In 1719 he sailed from France with more than two hundred mechanics, stopped at the West Indies, and secured a cargo of five hundred negro slaves, and in due course arrived at @@ -12390,8 +12351,8 @@ discovered lead mines along the upper Mississippi. In 1699 he returned from a visit to France, and under Iberville's directions searched for copper mines in the Sioux country, where Le Sueur had earlier found green earth. Le Sueur reached the mouth of Missouri River (July 13, 1700) with nineteen men, according to -Bénard de la Harpe's manuscript, compiled from Le Sueur's Journal—with -twenty-nine men, as related by Pénicaut, a member of the expedition. The company +Bénard de la Harpe's manuscript, compiled from Le Sueur's Journal—with +twenty-nine men, as related by Pénicaut, a member of the expedition. The company was later increased to perhaps thirty or forty, but not ninety, as Flagg says. Le Sueur ascended the Mississippi, and its tributary the Minnesota, and erected a fort in August, 1700, one league above the point where the Blue Earth River @@ -12533,7 +12494,7 @@ world ever saw."—<span class="smcap">Flagg.</span> </p> <p> <i>Comment by Ed.</i> John Law died at Venice, March 21, 1729. Concerning -his financial methods, see Émile Levasseur, <i>Recherches historique sur le system +his financial methods, see Émile Levasseur, <i>Recherches historique sur le system de Law</i> (Paris, 1854). Ample and accurate is Andrew M. Davis's <i>A Historical Study of Law's System</i> (Boston, 1887), reprinted from <i>Quarterly Journal of Economics</i> (Boston, 1887), i, pp. 289-318, 420-452.</p> @@ -12563,7 +12524,7 @@ Plans for the Government of the Northwest Territory</i> (New York, 1891).— -<p><a name="Footnote_33_33" id="Footnote_33_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33_33"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> Under the feudal régime in France, the local or customary laws of the more +<p><a name="Footnote_33_33" id="Footnote_33_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33_33"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> Under the feudal régime in France, the local or customary laws of the more important centres of population came gradually to extend their sway over larger and larger districts. With the rising importance of Paris, the <i>coutume de Paris</i> (common law of Paris), reformed in 1580 by order of the parliament, in time displaced @@ -12584,8 +12545,8 @@ Louisiana</i> (Pittsburgh, 1814).</p> <p><a name="Footnote_35_35" id="Footnote_35_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_35_35"><span class="label">[35]</span></a> Sganarelle.—<span class="smcap">Flagg.</span> </p> <p> -<i>Comment by Ed.</i> Sganarelle is a character in Molière's plays, notably in -"Le Médicin malgré lui."</p> +<i>Comment by Ed.</i> Sganarelle is a character in Molière's plays, notably in +"Le Médicin malgré lui."</p> @@ -12960,9 +12921,9 @@ both here and at the village of <span class="smcap">Caho</span>.<a name="FNancho "PAR AUTORITE. </p> <p> -"Vendredi, à onse heur du Matin le 29th du mois prochain, sera vendu au +"Vendredi, à onse heur du Matin le 29th du mois prochain, sera vendu au porte de L'Eglise, la Maison et Terrain du Sieur Jean Baptist Hubardeau, qui -est puis en exêcution, payable en Pèlletrie, Bon Argent, lettres de change, ou la +est puis en exêcution, payable en Pèlletrie, Bon Argent, lettres de change, ou la bon esclaves, dans le moi de Mai qui vient. </p> <p> @@ -13247,7 +13208,7 @@ Travels</i>, p. 218, 219.—<span class="smcap">Flagg.</span> </p> <p> <i>Comment by Ed.</i> This hypothesis, in the main formulated by H. R. Schoolcraft, -is still in its general features accepted by many geologists. See also Elisée +is still in its general features accepted by many geologists. See also Elisée Reclus, <i>The Earth and its Inhabitants</i> (New York, 1893), article "North America," iii, pp. 224, 225.</p> @@ -13285,7 +13246,7 @@ God, as manifested in the Creation."—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> -<p><a name="Footnote_77_77" id="Footnote_77_77"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77_77"><span class="label">[77]</span></a> George Leopold Crétien Frédéric Dagobert, baron de Cuvier (1769-1832), +<p><a name="Footnote_77_77" id="Footnote_77_77"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77_77"><span class="label">[77]</span></a> George Leopold Crétien Frédéric Dagobert, baron de Cuvier (1769-1832), a French naturalist, was founder of the science of comparative anatomy. He was chosen as one of the original members of the Institute, organized in 1795. After holding various administrative offices under Napoleon, he was appointed @@ -13325,7 +13286,7 @@ places to the other."—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> -<p><a name="Footnote_81_81" id="Footnote_81_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_81_81"><span class="label">[81]</span></a> In 1815 Etienne Pinçoneau (now spelled Pensoneau) laid out a town on the +<p><a name="Footnote_81_81" id="Footnote_81_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_81_81"><span class="label">[81]</span></a> In 1815 Etienne Pinçoneau (now spelled Pensoneau) laid out a town on the present site of East St. Louis, and named it Jacksonville. His efforts proving unsuccessful, he sold the land to McKnight and Brady, who in May, 1818, platted the site and named it Illinoistown. During the succeeding autumn, the citizens @@ -13362,7 +13323,7 @@ Westport thus became the starting point for the caravans to the Western country. Prior to 1822, the overland expeditions seem to have been composed of men on foot carrying their wares in packs. Later, pack horses were substituted, and by 1830 wagons were used almost exclusively. Owing to the dangers from hostile -Indians, the traders going to Santa Fé or points in the Rocky Mountains formed +Indians, the traders going to Santa Fé or points in the Rocky Mountains formed themselves into caravans for mutual protection, with an organized system of guards and camps. See Gregg's <i>Commerce of the Prairies</i>, in our volume xix, pp. 198-201, for a description of these caravans.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -13413,7 +13374,7 @@ July, I resumed my travels, with my Flatheads."—<span class="smcap">Ed.</s <p><a name="Footnote_89_89" id="Footnote_89_89"></a><a href="#FNanchor_89_89"><span class="label">[89]</span></a> Flathead was a term applied to various tribes of Indians who were supposed to practice the custom of flattening the heads of their infants. A division of the Choctaw was known by this name. The tribe here referred to belonged to the -Salishan stock; see Franchère's <i>Narrative</i>, in our volume vi, p. 340, note 145. +Salishan stock; see Franchère's <i>Narrative</i>, in our volume vi, p. 340, note 145. They were not in the habit of flattening the head, and the origin of their cognomen is unknown. The specific tribe visited by De Smet dwelt along the lake and river which bear their name, with their chief centre in the Bitterroot Valley. By @@ -13609,7 +13570,7 @@ i, p. 73—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> went out, see Wyeth's <i>Oregon</i>, in our volume xxi, p. 49, note 30. There were several fording places for the South Platte, depending upon the state of the river. In subsequent pages, De Smet gives a vivid description of the difficulties and -dangers of crossing this stream. See also Frémont's account in <i>Senate Docs.</i>, 28 +dangers of crossing this stream. See also Frémont's account in <i>Senate Docs.</i>, 28 Cong., 2 sess., ii.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -13641,7 +13602,7 @@ Cheyenne tradition, they were formerly an agricultural people, forced into nomad habits by these various removals. </p> <p> -The term "Black Coasts" is an incorrect translation of "Côtes Noirs," Black +The term "Black Coasts" is an incorrect translation of "Côtes Noirs," Black Hills. See our volume xxiii, p. 244, note 204.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -13690,7 +13651,7 @@ In Columbia we find that a different custom prevails. There, so soon as the person expires, his eyes are bound with a necklace of glass beads; his nostrils filled with aiqua (a shell used by the Indians in place of money), and he is clothed in his best suit and wrapped in a winding-sheet. Four posts, fixed in the ground, -and joined by cross beams, support the ærial tomb of the savage: the tomb itself +and joined by cross beams, support the ærial tomb of the savage: the tomb itself is a canoe, placed at a certain height from the ground, upon the beams I have just mentioned. The body is deposited therein, with the face downwards, and the head turned in the same direction as the course of the river. Some mats thrown @@ -13739,7 +13700,7 @@ appellation.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> <p><a name="Footnote_119_119" id="Footnote_119_119"></a><a href="#FNanchor_119_119"><span class="label">[119]</span></a> In <i>Voyages aux Montagnes Rocheuses</i>, containing the French original of this letter, Father de Smet classes the Paiute and Yampah Ute with the Sampeetches -as the tribes called by the French <i>les Dignes de pitié</i>.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> +as the tribes called by the French <i>les Dignes de pitié</i>.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -13893,7 +13854,7 @@ by or stolen from the Spanish conquerors of Mexico. These soon reverted to a wild state and became what De Smet calls "the Maroon race of the prairies." Upon the changes in the economy of life among American aborigines, brought about by their possession of the horse, consult A. F. Bandelier, "Investigations -in the Southwest," in Archæological Institute of America <i>Papers</i>, American Series, +in the Southwest," in Archæological Institute of America <i>Papers</i>, American Series, iii, p. 211.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -13970,7 +13931,7 @@ and later librarian and secretary at the Paris observatory under the celebrated La Place. In 1832 he came to America, and occupied himself in scientific exploration of the Arkansas and Red rivers. In 1836 he made his well-known voyage to the sources of the Mississippi, and in 1839 explored the Missouri, crossing over -to the Red River Valley, being accompanied on this expedition by John C. Frémont. +to the Red River Valley, being accompanied on this expedition by John C. Frémont. The following years, until his death in 1843, he was employed in government service at Washington.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -13995,7 +13956,7 @@ Richardson, <i>De Smet</i>, i, pp. 272-275.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span> <p><a name="Footnote_148_148" id="Footnote_148_148"></a><a href="#FNanchor_148_148"><span class="label">[148]</span></a> Father Nicolas Point was sojourning at Westport when De Smet returned from his first mission to the Flatheads. Selected to accompany the new mission, Father Point served at St. Mary's until 1842, when after a summer with the Indians -on a buffalo hunt, he founded in the autumn of that year the Cœur d'Alène +on a buffalo hunt, he founded in the autumn of that year the Cœur d'Alène mission. This he made the seat of his work until his recall in 1846. On his return journey he spent some months among the Blackfeet, laying the foundation for the work that later ripened into St. Peter's mission. He baptized over six hundred persons, chiefly children, and turned to much advantage his talent for @@ -14008,7 +13969,7 @@ in 1868.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> <p><a name="Footnote_149_149" id="Footnote_149_149"></a><a href="#FNanchor_149_149"><span class="label">[149]</span></a> Henri de Verger, count de La Rochejacquelein (1772-94), was one of the -most popular generals of the Vendéan peasants, during their revolt against the +most popular generals of the Vendéan peasants, during their revolt against the republic of the French Revolution. He had been a member of the king's guard, but after the famous Tenth of August retreated to his ancestral home, and there put himself at the head of the uprising, and although but twenty-one years of @@ -14039,7 +14000,7 @@ in 1884, one of the oldest white inhabitants of Montana. For his portrait see <i>ibid.</i>, p. 60. </p> <p> -Charles Huet joined Father Point in establishing the Cœur d'Alène mission. +Charles Huet joined Father Point in establishing the Cœur d'Alène mission. See <i>ante</i>, note <a href="#Footnote_67_67">67</a>.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -14077,7 +14038,7 @@ testifies to his engaging qualities, his skill as a hunter, and his courtesy in <p> The Kansa village here visited was near the mouth of Vermillion Creek, in Pottawatomie County (not to be confused with the Black Vermillion, tributary -of the Big Blue). When Frémont passed this way in 1842, the village was deserted, +of the Big Blue). When Frémont passed this way in 1842, the village was deserted, having the preceding spring suffered a Pawnee attack.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -14099,7 +14060,7 @@ Bonneville's Journal), chapter ii.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> <p><a name="Footnote_160_160" id="Footnote_160_160"></a><a href="#FNanchor_160_160"><span class="label">[160]</span></a> Charles de la Croix, born at Hoorebeke, Belgium, 1792, was impressed into the imperial guards; but escaping with difficulty from Paris in 1814, was ordained for the American mission. He arrived in the United States in 1817, -at first being made pastor at Barrens, Missouri. In 1820 he became curé at +at first being made pastor at Barrens, Missouri. In 1820 he became curé at Florissant, whence he made two visits (1821-22) to the territory of the Osage, but was compelled by illness to return. Upon the coming of the Jesuits to Florissant (1823) he resigned his charge to them, becoming pastor of St. Michael's @@ -14152,7 +14113,7 @@ along the river to its forks, thence up the South Fork to its ford, across to th North Fork at Ash Creek, along the south bank of the former stream to the junction of the Laramie, thence continuing by the North Fork to its crossing, near the present Caspar, Wyoming, and along the north bank, across country to the Sweetwater, -to avoid the cañon of the North Platte.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> +to avoid the cañon of the North Platte.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -14335,10 +14296,10 @@ I think was also Williams."—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> -<p><a name="Footnote_194_194" id="Footnote_194_194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_194_194"><span class="label">[194]</span></a> This cañon of the Sweetwater is about five miles above Independence Rock. +<p><a name="Footnote_194_194" id="Footnote_194_194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_194_194"><span class="label">[194]</span></a> This cañon of the Sweetwater is about five miles above Independence Rock. It is a cut about three hundred yards long, and thirty-five wide through a spur -of the mountains in Natrona County, Wyoming. See illustration of cañon in -Frémont's "Exploring Tour," <i>Senate Docs.</i>, 28 Cong., 2 sess., 174, p. 57.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> +of the mountains in Natrona County, Wyoming. See illustration of cañon in +Frémont's "Exploring Tour," <i>Senate Docs.</i>, 28 Cong., 2 sess., 174, p. 57.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -14371,7 +14332,7 @@ Wyeth's <i>Oregon</i>, in our volume xxi, p. 60, note 38.—<span class="smc <p><a name="Footnote_199_199" id="Footnote_199_199"></a><a href="#FNanchor_199_199"><span class="label">[199]</span></a> Captain Henry Fraeb (Frapp), who was one of the partners of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company (1830-34). He was well known in the mountain fur-trade, frequently being associated therein with Fitzpatrick, De Smet's guide. -According to Bidwell, he was killed the night after leaving this party; Frémont +According to Bidwell, he was killed the night after leaving this party; Frémont says—<i>Exploring Expedition</i>, p. 40—that this occurred the latter part of August, 1841, in a battle with Sioux and Cheyenne.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -14436,7 +14397,7 @@ life see letter <a href="#LETTER_IX">ix</a>, <i>post</i>.—<span class="smc <p><a name="Footnote_208_208" id="Footnote_208_208"></a><a href="#FNanchor_208_208"><span class="label">[208]</span></a> Ludovico Antonio Muratori (1672-1750) was by many accounted the foremost scholar and antiquarian of his time. Born near Modena, he was appointed keeper of public archives at that place, and seldom left the city. His chief work -was in the classics, publishing <i>Anecdota Græca</i> and <i>Anecdota Latina</i>, valuable +was in the classics, publishing <i>Anecdota Græca</i> and <i>Anecdota Latina</i>, valuable collections of hitherto unedited fragments. Through a fellow-townsman who went as missionary to the Jesuit community in Paraguay, Father Muratori became interested in that land and wrote in Italian <i>Il Christianesimo Felice nelle Missione dei @@ -14446,7 +14407,7 @@ from conversations and correspondence with those who had lived in Paraguay. This work was translated into several languages, the English version having been published at London in 1759. Muratori represents the Jesuit community of converted Indians as a veritable earthly paradise. De Smet's reference to this -work shows his ambition to establish a Paraguayan régime in the continent of +work shows his ambition to establish a Paraguayan régime in the continent of America.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -14567,7 +14528,7 @@ all been killed by the Indians.—<span class="smcap">De Smet</span>.</p> on the northern slope of the divide between Montana and Idaho, and flows almost directly north through a beautiful, fertile valley, until at Fort Missoula it unites with the Hell Gate to form Missoula River. The name is derived from the plant -<i>Lewisia rediviva</i> (French, <i>racine amère</i>), which was occasionally used by the Indians +<i>Lewisia rediviva</i> (French, <i>racine amère</i>), which was occasionally used by the Indians as food. The name St. Mary's River, assigned by Father de Smet, is frequently found on early maps.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -14580,13 +14541,13 @@ the Northwest</i>, pp. 32-67.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> -<p><a name="Footnote_227_227" id="Footnote_227_227"></a><a href="#FNanchor_227_227"><span class="label">[227]</span></a> The Cœur d'Alène (awl-hearted) Indians are a branch of the Salishan +<p><a name="Footnote_227_227" id="Footnote_227_227"></a><a href="#FNanchor_227_227"><span class="label">[227]</span></a> The Cœur d'Alène (awl-hearted) Indians are a branch of the Salishan family, whose tribal name is Skitswish (Lewis and Clark, Skeetsomish). Many unauthenticated traditions are afloat in regard to the origin of this term, which seems to be allied to some form of parsimony. The habitat of this tribe, near the lake of that name in northern Idaho, is still the seat of their reservation, which was set off in 1867, but not occupied until after the treaty of 1873. The tribal population has been almost stationary since first known, numbering nearly five -hundred. Their language is quite similar to the Spokan. The Cœur d'Alène +hundred. Their language is quite similar to the Spokan. The Cœur d'Alène are agriculturists, wear civilized dress, and are now receiving their lands by allotment.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -14601,7 +14562,7 @@ before his baptism a famous medicine man.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></ -<p><a name="Footnote_230_230" id="Footnote_230_230"></a><a href="#FNanchor_230_230"><span class="label">[230]</span></a> For the Spokan see Franchère's <i>Narrative</i>, in our volume vi, p. 341, note +<p><a name="Footnote_230_230" id="Footnote_230_230"></a><a href="#FNanchor_230_230"><span class="label">[230]</span></a> For the Spokan see Franchère's <i>Narrative</i>, in our volume vi, p. 341, note 146.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -14634,7 +14595,7 @@ him many friends among the English people.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span>< -<p><a name="Footnote_236_236" id="Footnote_236_236"></a><a href="#FNanchor_236_236"><span class="label">[236]</span></a> Probably Jean François de La Harpe (1739-1803), a French critic and +<p><a name="Footnote_236_236" id="Footnote_236_236"></a><a href="#FNanchor_236_236"><span class="label">[236]</span></a> Probably Jean François de La Harpe (1739-1803), a French critic and satirist, who from being a Voltairean became an ardent Christian in the latter years of his life.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -14676,7 +14637,7 @@ is north from the southern border of Montana, until turning slightly northwest it crosses into Idaho and broadens out into Pend d'Oreille Lake, running thence in a northwest course until it empties into the Columbia just on the boundary line between Washington and British Columbia. The bands referred to as "Clarke -River" tribes are chiefly of Salishan stock—the Flatheads, Cœur d'Alène, and +River" tribes are chiefly of Salishan stock—the Flatheads, Cœur d'Alène, and Pend d'Oreille.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -14724,7 +14685,7 @@ near kindred the Nespelin, they number about four hundred.—<span class="sm -<p><a name="Footnote_243_243" id="Footnote_243_243"></a><a href="#FNanchor_243_243"><span class="label">[243]</span></a> The Chaudière (or Kettle) Indians were so named from their habitat near +<p><a name="Footnote_243_243" id="Footnote_243_243"></a><a href="#FNanchor_243_243"><span class="label">[243]</span></a> The Chaudière (or Kettle) Indians were so named from their habitat near Kettle Falls of the Columbia. Their native name was Shwoyelpi (Skoyelpi), rendered Wheelpoo by Lewis and Clark. They were early brought under Catholic influence, becoming satisfactory neophytes. The original tribe became extinct @@ -14895,29 +14856,29 @@ Flathead.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> <p><a name="Footnote_264_264" id="Footnote_264_264"></a><a href="#FNanchor_264_264"><span class="label">[264]</span></a> For this lake see our volume vii, p. 211, note 75. Father de Smet crossed the mountains from Missoula Valley by the route now followed by the Northern Pacific Railway along the stream which he had christened St. Regis Borgia, through -St. Regis Pass, coming out upon the headwaters of Cœur d'Alène River, which +St. Regis Pass, coming out upon the headwaters of Cœur d'Alène River, which he followed to the lake of that name.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> <p><a name="Footnote_265_265" id="Footnote_265_265"></a><a href="#FNanchor_265_265"><span class="label">[265]</span></a> The mission founded by Father Point in November, 1842, known as the Sacred Heart, was successful. The site was first upon St. Joseph River, a feeder -of Cœur d'Alène Lake; but in 1846 it was removed to Cœur d'Alène River, at the +of Cœur d'Alène Lake; but in 1846 it was removed to Cœur d'Alène River, at the present Cataldo. There the first church was built by the neophytes in 1853, after designs by Father Ravalli; it is still a landmark of the region. The tribesmen had been taught agriculture, and lived chiefly in log houses; but the soil being sterile, the mission was again removed to the upper waters of Haugman's -Creek, in Idaho, where the Cœur d'Alène still reside upon their reservation.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> +Creek, in Idaho, where the Cœur d'Alène still reside upon their reservation.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> -<p><a name="Footnote_266_266" id="Footnote_266_266"></a><a href="#FNanchor_266_266"><span class="label">[266]</span></a> Spokane River rises in Cœur d'Alène Lake and flows almost directly to +<p><a name="Footnote_266_266" id="Footnote_266_266"></a><a href="#FNanchor_266_266"><span class="label">[266]</span></a> Spokane River rises in Cœur d'Alène Lake and flows almost directly to the Falls, thence northwest to its embouchment into the Columbia. It is about two hundred feet wide at the mouth and throughout its entire length is broken by falls and rapids, furnishing water power of great value, its total decline being a hundred and thirty feet. An early fur-trade fort known as Spokane Post stood near the present city of that name, but about 1824 was abandoned for Colville. -See Franchère's <i>Narrative</i>, in our volume vi, p. 277, note 85.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> +See Franchère's <i>Narrative</i>, in our volume vi, p. 277, note 85.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -14951,7 +14912,7 @@ immediately for the Oregon mission. Living to old age, the pioneer missionary was known throughout the West, his character revered by all. He gave over fifty years of his life to missionary service, in his later years being known as Father Eells. He was instrumental in founding both Pacific University and Whitman College, and travelled extensively in the work of building churches and preaching. -He frequently re-visited his Spokan protégés, the larger portion of whom are now +He frequently re-visited his Spokan protégés, the larger portion of whom are now members of the Presbyterian church.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -14986,7 +14947,7 @@ of labor until his death at Victoria in 1871.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</spa class them with the Shushwaps of British Columbia. They formed a considerable confederacy of allied tribes, extending along the river valley of their name, and including the bands of the Similkameen River. A trading post was early erected -among them, for which see Franchère's <i>Narrative</i>, in our volume vi, p. 260, note 71. +among them, for which see Franchère's <i>Narrative</i>, in our volume vi, p. 260, note 71. Alexander Ross, who married an Okinagan woman, and lived among them for many years, is the chief authority upon their manners and customs. See Ross's <i>Oregon Settlers</i>, in our volume vii, chapters xviii to xxi. The Okinagan are now @@ -15012,7 +14973,7 @@ Okanagan because he met that tribe upon its shores.—<span class="smcap">Ed -<p><a name="Footnote_275_275" id="Footnote_275_275"></a><a href="#FNanchor_275_275"><span class="label">[275]</span></a> The Cœur d'Alène.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> +<p><a name="Footnote_275_275" id="Footnote_275_275"></a><a href="#FNanchor_275_275"><span class="label">[275]</span></a> The Cœur d'Alène.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -15027,7 +14988,7 @@ xxi, p. 314, note 99.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> <p><a name="Footnote_278_278" id="Footnote_278_278"></a><a href="#FNanchor_278_278"><span class="label">[278]</span></a> For detailed descriptions of the Great Dalles of the Columbia, see <i>Original -Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition</i>, iii, pp. 151-159; Franchère's +Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition</i>, iii, pp. 151-159; Franchère's <i>Narrative</i>, in our volume vi, p. 337; and Ross's <i>Oregon Settlers</i>, our volume vii, pp. 130, 131—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -15046,9 +15007,9 @@ in our volume xxi, p. 278, note 73.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> -<p><a name="Footnote_281_281" id="Footnote_281_281"></a><a href="#FNanchor_281_281"><span class="label">[281]</span></a> Of these Indian tribes the Chaudière, Okinagan, Sanpoil (Cingpoils), have +<p><a name="Footnote_281_281" id="Footnote_281_281"></a><a href="#FNanchor_281_281"><span class="label">[281]</span></a> Of these Indian tribes the Chaudière, Okinagan, Sanpoil (Cingpoils), have been described <i>ante</i>, in notes <a href="#Footnote_243_243">162</a>, <a href="#Footnote_271_271">190</a>, <a href="#Footnote_242_242">161</a>; for the Walla Walla and Cayuse -see our volume vii, p. 137, note 37; for the Nez Percés (Pierced Noses), volume +see our volume vii, p. 137, note 37; for the Nez Percés (Pierced Noses), volume vi, p. 340, note 145; for the Indians of the Dalles, volume vii, p. 129, note 31; the Chinook (Schinooks), volume vi, p. 240, note 40; for Clatsop (Classops), volume vi, p. 239, note 39. The Attayes were probably the Yakima, an important @@ -15059,10 +15020,10 @@ among them.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> <p><a name="Footnote_282_282" id="Footnote_282_282"></a><a href="#FNanchor_282_282"><span class="label">[282]</span></a> Part of the Great Plain of the Columbia, broken by many fantastic shapes -of the volcanic underlying rock. Most notable of these is the Grand Coulée, +of the volcanic underlying rock. Most notable of these is the Grand Coulée, which, however, De Smet did not cross, for it lies north of Spokane River. He probably took the trail afterwards developed into a part of the Mullan road, from -Great Falls of Missouri to Walla Walla. From the land of the Cœur d'Alène he +Great Falls of Missouri to Walla Walla. From the land of the Cœur d'Alène he returned along the route by which he had come out—the St. Regis Pass and river St. Regis Borgia.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -15151,7 +15112,7 @@ forty Methodists at this place.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> <p><a name="Footnote_290_290" id="Footnote_290_290"></a><a href="#FNanchor_290_290"><span class="label">[290]</span></a> Father Blanchet here refers to the missions of Dr. Whitman at Waiilatpu -for the Cayuse, and that of H. H. Spaulding at Lapwai for the Nez Percés. See +for the Cayuse, and that of H. H. Spaulding at Lapwai for the Nez Percés. See Townsend's <i>Narrative</i>, in our volume xxi, p. 352, note 125.—<span class="smcap">Ed.</span></p> @@ -15227,383 +15188,6 @@ the American Fur Company partners to the upper river to concert plans.—<sp </ul></div> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Early Western Travels 1748-1846, v. 27, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EARLY WESTERN TRAVELS *** - -***** This file should be named 42090-h.htm or 42090-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/2/0/9/42090/ - -Produced by Douglas L. Alley, III, Greg Bergquist and the -Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net -(This file was produced from images generously made -available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, -set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to -copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to -protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project -Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you -charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you -do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the -rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose -such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and -research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do -practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is -subject to the trademark license, especially commercial -redistribution. - - - -*** START: FULL LICENSE *** - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project -Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at - www.gutenberg.org/license. - - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy -all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. -If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the -terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or -entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement -and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic -works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" -or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the -collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an -individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are -located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from -copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative -works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg -are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project -Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by -freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of -this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with -the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by -keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project -Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in -a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check -the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement -before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or -creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project -Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning -the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United -States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate -access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently -whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, -copied or distributed: - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived -from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is -posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied -and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees -or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work -with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the -work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 -through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the -Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or -1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional -terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked -to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the -permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any -word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or -distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than -"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version -posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), -you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a -copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon -request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other -form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided -that - -- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is - owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he - has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the - Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments - must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you - prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax - returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and - sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the - address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to - the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." - -- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or - destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium - and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of - Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any - money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days - of receipt of the work. - -- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set -forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from -both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael -Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the -Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm -collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic -works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain -"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or -corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual -property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a -computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by -your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with -your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with -the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a -refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity -providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to -receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy -is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further -opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER -WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO -WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. -If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the -law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be -interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by -the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any -provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance -with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, -promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, -harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, -that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do -or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm -work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any -Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. - - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers -including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists -because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from -people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. -To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation -and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 -and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org - - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive -Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent -permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. -Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered -throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at 809 -North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email -contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the -Foundation's web site and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To -SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any -particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. -To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic -works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm -concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared -with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project -Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. -unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily -keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: - - www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42090 ***</div> </body> </html> |